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Finding the voice in which to communicate content is sometimes just as difficult as determining the content itself. In other words, how you communicate is an important component of what you communicate. Content is critical, but so is delivery.
As a senior pastor, I set the tone of the church. My heart in writing such a statement is not arrogance but rather self-awareness. Of any leader in the church, I know my vision – and how I communicate it – will affect the church more than any other person. Even though I believe vision is a collective effort of leaders and followers, the communicator of the vision has a special prominence. Since I am often the first to communicate the content of the vision, my delivery of the content will affect the tone of how the church receives it. Therefore, finding my voice as a leader is critical to the actual vision of my church.
How might leaders set the tone in their organizations? What different voices might they use in communicating vision? I’ve listed a few different options for church leaders.
Coach. Use a coach’s voice if you want to get people pumped up about something. This voice works well when you are relaying positive news while attempting to recruit people to serve. An in-your-face-yet-encouraging coach will set the tone of enlistment with excitement.
Theologian. Not all theologians are leaders, but all leaders within the church should be theologians. Not every church situation, however, requires a leader to communicate as a theologian. A pastor should use this voice when working through difficult biblical issues. How will the church handle the problem of divorce? What is the church going to do about a multiplicity of viewpoints among the congregation on a particular topic? A theological voice helps set the tone of looking at the issue with the proper amount of emotion.
Engineer. Inevitably, most churches will have a group of people who attempt to solve problems from a structural perspective. For them, problems are solved with policies, Visio charts, and spreadsheets. While not all vision needs to be structural in nature, vision does require structure for proper implementation. Leaders should use the voice of an engineer when communicating this structure, especially to the group of people who default to the structural frame.
General. Few want to be on the receiving end of a general barking orders on a regular basis. When a crisis hits, however, someone must step up quickly and take charge. When a vision includes a real sense of urgency, the voice of a general becomes an effective way to set the tone of urgency among followers.
Friend. Some leadership visions require less of an inspiring appeal to the masses and more of a friendly interaction with followers. Using the voice of a friend sets the tone of long term buy-in and loyalty among followers.
Leaders should use different voices in different venues with different groups of people in order to set the proper tone within a church. Followers will respond to the tone of leadership just as much as the actual content of the vision. Match the correct tone with the right content and people will better respond to a leader’s vision.
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Frequently Asked Questions
What does an ophthalmic examination involve?
An ophthalmic examination for a new patient includes:
- Obtaining a detailed history
- Vision testing
- Examination of the anterior (Front) segment of the eye (the eyelids, conjunctiva, cornea, anterior chamber, iris, and lens) using a slit lamp biomicroscope and direct illumination
- Examination of the posterior (back) segment of the eye (vitreous, retina, and optic nerve) using an indirect ophthalmoscope and condensing lens.
- Performing any additional diagnostic tests that are indicated for your pet’s eye condition.
Additional diagnostic tests may be required for your pet, such as Schirmer tear testing for dry eye, tonometry (measuring the intraocular pressure), refraction (to determine the optics of the eyes), gonioscopy (to determine the anatomy of the iridocorneal angle). These tests are usually performed at the time of the initial consultation. Other specialized testing, such as electroretinography (measures the electrical activity of the retina) or ocular ultrasound (images the eye or orbit when direct evaluation is not possible) may be recommended and can usually be performed the same day as the appointment or the morning of scheduled surgery.
It is absolutely critical that we perform our own exam and diagnostic testing in most cases (even if your veterinarian has previously done the same diagnostic tests) so that we can provide you with a correct diagnosis and a treatment plan for your pet. We accept blood work that was previously done by your veterinarian but this may also need to be repeated in certain cases.
It is our goal that you are well-educated and have a clear understanding about your pet’s eye condition. We will provide a diagnosis, describe the ocular condition in clear and understandable terms, discuss the necessary recommended medication(s) and treatment instructions to you, both verbally and in a detailed written “Discharge Instructions”.
Timely communication with your veterinarian is also very important to us. A copy of the Discharge Instructions will also be faxed to your veterinarian on the same day that your pet was examined.
Do I need a referral from my veterinarian before I can make an appointment?
Although referral by your veterinarian is not mandatory, we do prefer to have your pet’s history available to us before the appointment date whenever possible. They can email to: email@example.com or fax to: 517-655-2777.
How long does an appointment take?
We make a sincere attempt to see you on time for your pet’s appointment. However, because of the limited options for animal ophthalmologists in the state of Michigan, we have to accommodate emergency appointments on a daily basis. These emergencies may cause unavoidable delays in our schedule. We will provide you and your pet with the same careful attention devoted to others. Most new appointments can last 20-40 minutes. Medical and surgical re-evaluation appointments vary between 5 and 20 minutes. Early morning appointments and appointments immediately after lunch are most likely to be on-time.
What if I “no show” or cancel an appointment with less than 24 hours notice?
Appointment Confirmation Policy: We will send a courtesy appointment reminder via your preference (email, call or text) to confirm your pet’s appointment. You must reply to the confirmation attempt to keep your pet’s appointment with at least 24 hours notice. It is your responsibility to confirm the appointment. If you do not confirm at least 24 hours before the start of your appointment, we will have to assume you are not keeping your appointment and offer it to another patient.
No Show/No Call Policy: We understand that there are times when you must miss an appointment due to emergencies or obligations for work or family. However, when you do not call to cancel an appointment, you may be preventing another patient from getting much needed treatment. Conversely, the situation may arise where another patient fails to cancel and we are unable to schedule you for a visit, due to a seemingly full appointment book. If an appointment is not cancelled at least 24 hours in advance you will be charged an $85 missed appointment fee. We will forgive any weather related last minute cancellations at any time, as most of our clients must travel a distance. If you no show for your appointment, it will NOT be rescheduled. If you disagree with this policy, please do not schedule an examination appointment at The Animal Ophthalmology Center.
What if I am running late for my appointment?
We understand that most of our clients must travel a great distance to our clinic and unforeseen traffic and weather related issues may occur during your travels. If you think you may be running late, please call our office so that we may advise you if your late arrival can be accommodated, or if we will need to reschedule your appointment. In most cases, we can accommodate you, (unless you will arrive after we close) but please understand if you arrive late, we may delay your appointment to keep on schedule and you will be worked in as soon as possible.
Should I inform Dr. Ramsey and his staff if my pet may bite?
PLEASE inform us PRIOR to exam if your pet may become nervous with restraint or close contact so that we may have you place a muzzle. Even if your pet has never snapped at, or bitten anyone before, our exam requires us to be eye-to-eye with your pet, and can cause some pets to become nervous and/or anxious. Please understand that this is for our protection and will not harm or traumatize your pet in any way. If your pet shows ANY sign of fear or aggression (growling, showing teeth, etc) we will require a muzzle be placed by you to complete our exam. If you are unable (or unwilling) to muzzle your pet when necessary, please understand that we may be unable to attempt or complete an exam. Thank you for your cooperation and understanding!!
Should I inform Dr Ramsey and his staff if my pet does not like other animals?
Absolutely. We can arrange a scenario so that your pet will not come into contact with another pet while entering or exiting our building. Please check in with the front desk WITHOUT your pet and we will make sure that an exam room is available to isolate your pet.
What is the approximate cost of an examination?
Our standard examination fee starts at $240. Same-day emergency appointments will start at $325 for the exam and pressure reading. This includes a complete ophthalmic examination of both eyes, using slit lamp biomicroscopy and indirect ophthalmoscopy and Tonometry (measures pressures of the eyes). Any additional diagnostic procedures that are indicated for your pet’s particular problem (such as tear testing, fluorescein staining of the eye, etc.) are not included in the standard examination and charges will be incurred for any other diagnostic tests in addition to the standard examination fee. If medications are dispensed, additional charges for medications will also be incurred in addition to the examination fee and diagnostic testing fees. Same-day work-in emergency appointments will start at $325 for the exam and eye pressure (tonometry) reading.
Therefore, the cost for an ophthalmic evaluation of your pet will depend on the nature of your pet’s eye problem, and if any specialized diagnostic testing is required for your pet. For example, when cataracts are suspected, we may or may not have to perform an ultrasound in addition to the complete ophthalmic examination, thus adding $165 to your exam fee. Medications may also be dispensed when indicated and additional charges for medications will also be incurred. Financial estimates provided by telephone, based on your description of the eye abnormality present, are approximate estimates. We cannot give an exact cost of services over the telephone.
How much does surgery cost?
Financial estimates provided by telephone, based on your description of the eye abnormality present, are approximate estimates. We reserve the right to modify any estimate provided by telephone once an examination has been completed. For most surgical procedures, we cannot provide you with a definitive financial estimate without first examining your pet. This is because each patient is different and the same abnormality may vary in severity or conformation, requiring different surgical treatments. For example, some eyelid surgical procedures are more complicated than others and require additional surgical and anesthetic times. If surgery is indicated for your pet, we will provide you with a complete written financial estimate for the surgical procedure immediately after the examination on the day of your appointment. It is also our policy that blood work (a CBC, serum biochemical profile and electrolytes) must be performed prior to sedation or general anesthesia and surgery. You have your regular veterinarian perform blood work prior to the day of surgery, or we can perform it here on the day your pets surgery is scheduled. It is NOT an option to decline blood work. We can accept blood work that has been performed by your veterinarian within the last 3 months, unless the results were abnormal. If blood work was abnormal, your pet is elderly, or diabetic, we may require that it is repeated as close to the surgery day as possible.
What forms of payment do you accept?
Visa, Mastercard, Discover, American Express, personal checks and cash. Payment for services is due in full upon discharge of your pet. We do not offer in-house payment plans or financing (see below). We currently DO NOT accept Wells-Fargo Financing.
We do offer a third-party, credit card program called CareCredit for payments: (please apply before your appointment if you would like to use this option)
- 6 months no interest term for ANY amount over $200. WE DO NOT OFFER 12, 18 OR 24 MONTH INTEREST FREE OPTIONS.
- Amounts from $1000 and up have a 24, 36 or 48 month term with interest rate starting at 14.90%*. *interest rate starts at 14.90% when choosing 24 mo. and increases when longer terms are chosen/
- Amounts from $2500 and up have a 60 month term with 14.90% interest rate
Can I make payments?
Payment plans are accepted through CareCredit only. See above terms. If you already have an account, you may bring your card with two pieces of I.D. Cardholder MUST be present at time of sale.
If my pet requires eye surgery, when (which days) is surgery performed by Dr. Ramsey?
Surgical appointment drop-off times are scheduled between 8am-10am on Tuesdays and Wednesdays.
What should I expect on a surgery day?
We try to schedule your pet’s drop-off time at least 2 hours before surgery is scheduled to allow for blood work, pre-medication, IV catheter placement, and other pre-surgical diagnostic testing and surgical preparation. Most pets are hospitalized for an average of 4-6 hours. PLEASE NOTE: This period of time can vary as we see emergency appointments almost daily, thus our surgical schedule may be later than anticipated or scheduled. Discharge times from the hospital are scheduled between 3-4:15pm. We will contact you when surgery for your pet is finished and give a pick up time. We will also provide you with a complete report on how your pet’s surgery progressed, and assign a pick-up time your pet will be ready to be picked up. None of our surgeries require your pet to remain hospitalized overnight. We understand the importance of minimizing hospitalization, especially in older and anxious pets.
Can I schedule my pet’s consultation and have surgery done the same day?
We understand that many of our clients must travel a great distance, however there are many instances where surgery is recommended and we find that it is not needed after examining the patient, or we need to treat a condition medically prior to doing surgery. The only procedure where surgery is almost always recommended is Cherry Eye (Nictitan gland) Replacement surgery. If we do a consultation for cherry eye and surgery on the same day, the appointment must be early morning so that we have time for all surgeries to be completed that day. If surgery is recommended and we judge your pet to be a good candidate for general anesthesia and surgery, your pet will be hospitalized for the day, and surgery will be done as soon as possible but we may have other surgeries that have to go ahead of your pet. Your pet may not be discharged until late afternoon.
Patients with cataracts cannot have a consultation and surgery on the same day as they may require medical treatment prior to surgery and we must also perform an eye exam to determine if your pet is a good candidate for surgery first. We do not schedule initial consultation and surgery for the same day for patients with cataracts.
Does Dr. Ramsey guarantee successful medical treatment and/or surgeries performed?
Unfortunately, there are no guarantees in human or veterinary medicine with any medical or surgical treatment because the ultimate outcome of any medical or surgical therapy depends on the response of the patient receiving treatment. Although the same exact treatment can be done for many different patients, each patient may respond differently, and unpredictably.
What if my pet has an emergency and Dr. Ramsey is unavailable?
The Animal Ophthalmology Center is not a 24-hour emergency clinic. If your pet has an emergency after hours (business hours are Mon-Thurs 8am-5pm) or Fri-Sun (we are closed), please call your regular veterinarian immediately for guidance or an appointment/referral to another ophthalmologist closest to you.
Other Veterinary Ophthalmology Clinics in Michigan:
What training does a Veterinary Ophthalmologist Receive?
- College/University (undergraduate study) – 4 years
- Veterinary School – 4 years
- Internship in a Veterinary Hospital – 1 year
- Residency in a Veterinary Ophthalmology Program – 3-4 years
- Successful completion of Credentials and successful completion of the Certifying Examination by The American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists
What are some of the major causes of blindness in animals?
- Glaucoma – pressure inside the eye which becomes so high that it damages the optic nerve–the most common cause of blindness in middle age dogs
- Cataracts – opacification of the crytalline lens which may be caused by genetics, inflammation, infection, aging, or injury
- Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (Dry Eye) – decreased volume or abnormal composition of tears
- Eyelid disorders – abnormal carriage or confirmation of the lids, third eyelid or conjunctiva
- Corneal Disorders – abnormalities of the anatomy or transparency (clouding, pigmentation) of the cornea
- Retinal detachment – when the retina is separated from its underlying blood supply
- Trauma to the eye
What instruments are used by the Ophthalmologist?
Veterinary Ophthalmologists use instruments which are identical to those used in Human Ophthalmology, including the following:
- Veterinary Ophthalmologists use instruments which are identical to those used in Human Ophthalmology, including the following:
- Slit-Lamp Biomicroscope which illuminates the front and interior of the eye with a beam of light
- Tonometer, an instrument used to measure the fluid pressure in the eye
- Binocular Indirect Ophthalmoscope used to examine the posterior vitreous and retina
- Ophthalmic Laser, which can be used to perform precise, delicate operations on the eye
- CryoSurgical Instrument – a device to control the precise flow of liquid nitrogen in the excising of tissue
- Operating Microscope which is used for various types of surgery
- Ocular Ultrasound for imaging and diagnosing eye problems
- Electroretinogram for evaluating retinal function
- Phacoemulsification Machine – ultrasonic emulsification machine for removal of cataracts
What types of problems are seen by the Ophthalmologist?
- Dry Eye – the deficiency in the quality or quantity of tears lubricating the eye which causes constant pain from eye irritation, and a sandy or gritty sensation that, if untreated, can lead to scarring, pigmentation or ulceration of the cornea, and loss of vision
- Cataracts – opacification of the crystalline lens resulting in vision impairment
- Conjunctivitis (inflammation, discharge, etc.)
- Distichiasis Trichiasis (extra or deviated eyelashes)
- Entropion (Eyelids turned in) & Ectropion (Eyelids turned out)
- Enucleation (eye removal)
- Evisceration removal of the contents of a blind, painful eye and placement of an intraocular spherical prosthesis
- Eyelid Tumors
- Prolapse of the Gland of the 3rd eyelid (“Cherry” eye)
- Pannus (chronic superficial keratitis)
- Progressive Retinal Atrophy (hereditary retinal degeneration resulting in progressive blindness)
- Ptosis (drooping upper lid)
- Retinal dysplasia – folding and/or thinning of the retina
- Scrolled 3rd eyelid Cartilage (“Popped/flipped” Cartilage)
- Strabismus (eyes not facing same direction)
- Anisocoria (unequal pupils)
- Buphthalmos (enlarged eyeball)
What sorts of emergency problems do Veterinary Ophthalmologists treat?
- Glaucoma (excessive pressure inside eye globe)
- Hyphema (blood in the eye)
- Luxated Lens (loosened or detached lens)
- Corneal Laceration/ulceration
- Orbital Abscess
- Proptosed Globe (eye popped out)
- Uveitis (inflammation inside the eye)
- Exophthalmos (eye protruding from socket)
- Blindness, acute onset
- Keratitis (inflammation of the cornea)
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The following are definitions of some basic terms used frequently within population geography.
Natural Increase - The rate, at which a population increases, basically birth rate minus the death rate, and excluding immigration. This number is usually expressed per 1000 of the population, and may be expressed as a percentage.
Birth Rate- The number of births annually within a country or realm. Usually expressed by numbers of births per one thousand of the population, and may be expressed as a percentage.
Death Rates - The number of deaths annually within a country or region. Usually expressed by numbers of death per one thousand of the population, and may be expressed as a percentage.
Infant Mortality Rates - The number of deaths within a country or region, age 1 or below. Usually expressed by numbers of deaths per one thousand of the population, and may be expressed as a percentage. If infant mortality rates are considered in life expectancy rates and are high, it may impact the numbers significantly.
Life Expectancy Rates - The number of years a newborn can expect to live, calculated annually. Usually expressed as a percentage.
Population Density - The number of people per square mile or kilometer, usually takes total population of a country or region and total area. Can vary dramatically within a state, an example is density figures for Tokyo and all of Japan.
Double Time - The number of years it would take for a population to double in size if it continues to grow at the current rate.
Migration - permanent movement of the population. May be voluntary or forced.
Immigration- migration of the population from one sovereign state to another.
Out- Migration - movement of a population out of a sovereign state, usually a result of a lagging economy or civil strife.
Median Age - the middle or fiftieth percentile in regards to age within a population.
Average Age - the
sum of all ages divided by the total number of the population.
Demographic Transition Models
Demographic transition models
are models that attempt to link economic development to changes in birth
and death rates within a region or country. These models presented below
should reveal a stateís ability to meet the needs of their home population,
and where priorities lie in relation to governmental and economic policies.
The last section presents factors that can disrupt or interrupt the application
of the following stages.
Stage 1 - High Birth Rates - High Death Rates
Often found in underdeveloped
realms. Factors/Conditions found in these areas are as follows: high disease
rates, high infant mortality rates, low life expectancies, undeveloped
medical technology or little access to medical facilities, malnutrition,
and endemic diseases. Population growth overall stays static due to high
death rates, and the populationís age is usually quite young, maybe as
much as 60% of the population may be under 16 years of age.
Challenges for stage one
category: feeding the general population, providing basic medical care,
and educating a young population. Recently controlling H.I.V infection
rates as proved to be a sometimes-overwhelming task within these realms.
Stage Two - High Birth Rates - Low Death Rates
Found in undeveloped realms
and newly industrialized countries. Underdeveloped regions usually have
via governmental policy improved medical technology to provide basic health
care to the general population. Stage two regions have improved basic health
care to the point of combating most endemic diseases and other disease
that is commonly classified as having a cure, treatment, or immunization.
Medical technology here usually does not extend to birth control, treatment
of many cancers, and treatment that requires very high levels of technology
or capital, such as heart disease and H.I.V. Infant mortality rates can
vary dramatically in this category. Some discussion should focus on countries
or realms that remain in this category not due to lack of medical technology
or economic development, but rather due to religious beliefs. Often the
acceptance of a religious doctrine that discourages the use of birth control
will, if accepted by the majority, result in the region consistently remaining
within category 2 despite levels of economic development. Good examples
of this are the influence of Catholicism in Latin America, and Islam within
Middle Eastern countries that have developed rapidly due to oil resources.
This category is worldwide the greatest area of growth, generally this
stage has a relatively young population, overall age is usually determined
by the number of years it has been since transition from stage 1 to stage
Challenges for stage 2 category:
feeding a rapidly growing population, depending on the area of land available,
there may be competition for land devoted to human occupancy and land devoted
to agricultural production, meeting the educational needs of a growing
population, basic medical needs for larger numbers, providing jobs for
large numbers entering the workforce and often providing infrastructure
in cities for a rapidly urbanizing population. In recent years combating
A.I.D.s and H.I.V. has been a difficulty within these regions. An area
that is barely meeting the medical and educational needs of their population
is forced to divert capital towards A.I.D.s education, prevention, and
Stage Three- Low Birth Rates - Low Death Rates
Found in some areas that
are newly industrialized, more often found in the post-industrialized world.
Medical technology and economic development is such that life expectancies
are quite high. Countries or regions that fall within this category usually
have widespread use of some form of birth control. Often immigration is
the primary factor behind overall population growth. Some countries have
static or negative natural growth rates. Generally within this category
you see the median age in the late thirties or early forties and growing
Challenges for category 3:
providing medical care for an aging population, meeting taxation and labor
needs with a shrinking base, treatment and care of a growing elderly population,
immigration policies and/or legislation aimed at increasing the natural
The following are factors
that can interrupt or negate transition; war, fatal diseases without a
known cure, religious doctrine, and famine. You may have this under the
well-known heading of the "four horsemen". All of the following are capable
of rendering all categories to High Birth - High Death, or Low Birth -
Web Links and Exercises
The CIA Factbook gives a country profile on every state in the world. The following exercise demonstrates differences between a state in category 1 of the demographic transition model and a state in category 3.
Go to CIA Factbook - Country Profiles.
This takes to the country
profile section of the CIA Factbook. When you enter this section click
on the countries of The Democratic Republic of Congo and Japan. Compare
the age structure, birth and death rates, infant mortality rates, and life
expectancies and document the differences.
Go to United Nations Population Information Network.
This takes you into the United
Nations page on world population. When this site is contacted, click on
Brief Packet World Population Estimates for 1998. Next, click on Aging,
(at the bottom of the page). What region has the oldest population? Then
go back to World Population Estimates and click on Demographic Impact of
HIV/AIDS. What country is hardest hit by AIDS? How dramatic is the impact?
Go to National Geographic.
This link will allow you
to glimpse what life is like in Tanzanian Refugee Camp. After you reach
link, click on "refugees".
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H. P. Lovecraft (band)
|H. P. Lovecraft|
|Origin||Chicago, United States|
|Genres||Psychedelic rock, folk rock, acid rock|
|Associated acts||Bangor Flying Circus, Lovecraft, Elixir, Love Craft|
|Past members||George Edwards
H. P. Lovecraft was an American psychedelic rock band, formed in Chicago, Illinois, in 1967 and named after the horror writer H. P. Lovecraft. Much of the band's music was possessed of a haunting, eerie ambience, and consisted of material that was inspired by the macabre writings of the author whose name they had adopted. Combining elements of psychedelia and folk rock, the band's sound was marked by the striking vocal harmonies of ex-folk singer George Edwards and the classically trained Dave Michaels. In addition, Michaels' multi-instrumentalist abilities on organ, piano, harpsichord, clarinet and recorder provided the band with a richer sonic palette than many of their contemporaries.
The band was signed to Philips Records in 1967 and released its first single, "Anyway That You Want Me", in the early part of that year. Their first album, H. P. Lovecraft, followed in late 1967 and included what is arguably the band's best-known song, "The White Ship". The band then relocated to San Francisco, California, where they became a frequent attraction at various San Francisco Bay Area venues, including The Fillmore and the Winterland Ballroom. In 1968, a second album, H. P. Lovecraft II, appeared, but the group disbanded in early 1969.
Edwards and fellow original member Michael Tegza subsequently formed a new line-up of the band with the shortened name of Lovecraft, although Edwards left this new group before the first album was recorded. This second incarnation of the band released the Valley of the Moon album in 1970 and, after a further name change to Love Craft, the We Love You Whoever You Are album in 1975.
Formation and first album
The first line-up of H. P. Lovecraft was formed when the ex-folk singer George Edwards, who was working as an in-house session vocalist for Dunwich Records at the time, entered the studio to record a cover version of Chip Taylor's "Anyway That You Want Me" (a song that had recently been a UK hit for The Troggs). Edwards had previously been a folk troubadour in Chicago, California, and Florida, and had released a commercially unsuccessful cover of The Beatles' "Norwegian Wood" on Dunwich in 1966. He had also recorded a cover version of Bob Dylan's "Quit Your Low Down Ways" for the label, but this remained unreleased until the early 1970s. For the "Anyway That You Want Me" session, Edwards was backed by members of the Chicago band The Rovin' Kind and was also joined by Dave Michaels, a classically trained singer and multi-instrumentalist with a four-octave voice, who Edwards had met while playing in a lounge jazz trio at a local Holiday Inn. The song was coupled with "It's All Over for You", a George Edwards solo outtake from the previous year, and released as a single under the moniker of H. P. Lovecraft in early 1967 by the Mercury Records' subsidiary Philips. The decision to release the single as H. P. Lovecraft, rather than as a George Edwards solo release, was made by Dunwich founders Bill Traut and George Badonsky, who were both fans of the literary works of horror writer H. P. Lovecraft and had, in fact, named Dunwich Records after Lovecraft's short story "The Dunwich Horror". Edwards and Michaels were both enthusiastic about the band name and after permission from Lovecraft's estate was secured, the duo set about recruiting other musicians to form a permanent line-up of the band.
Auditions were held in March 1967, which resulted in the recruitment of Tony Cavallari (lead guitar), Mike Tegza (drums), and Tom Skidmore (bass). Skidmore soon departed the band, however, and was replaced by Jerry McGeorge, who had previously been a guitarist for Chicago band the Shadows of Knight. McGeorge had seen H. P. Lovecraft perform a number of times at a Chicago dance club called The Cellar and although he considered himself primarily a guitarist, he accepted Edwards' offer to join the group as their new bassist. With Michaels and Edwards as the creative driving forces behind the group, H. P. Lovecraft began to develop a blend of folk rock and psychedelia, with a repertoire that encompassed contemporary and traditional folk songs and some self-penned material. The band's sound was highlighted by the oddly striking harmony work that resulted from the juxtaposition of Edwards' folk-influenced singing and Michaels' operatic vocal phrasing, a blend that was influenced by folk singer Fred Neil's work with Vince Martin. The band's music was made all the more unique by Michaels' virtuosity on organ, piano, harpsichord, clarinet, and recorder, which gave H. P. Lovecraft a much wider range of sounds and timbres than many of their contemporaries.
An excerpt from "The White Ship" highlighting the eerie ambiance present in H. P. Lovecraft's music and the unconventional sounding harmonies produced by ex-folk singer George Edwards and the classically trained Dave Michaels.
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In late 1967, the band recorded and released their debut album for Philips, H. P. Lovecraft. A cover of the traditional song "Wayfaring Stranger" was issued just ahead of the album as a single in September 1967, but it failed to chart. The album itself was released some weeks later and although it also failed to reach the U.S. charts, it sold reasonably well over time. Featuring a nine-piece orchestra and songs that exhibited a wide-ranging stylistic variety, the album was possessed of a haunting, eerie ambiance that lived up to the band's intention of making music inspired by H. P. Lovecraft's "macabre tales and poems of Earth populated by another race" (to quote the LP's back cover). While the album did include a smattering of self-penned material, including the jazzy "That's How Much I Love You, Baby (More or Less)" and the vaudeville psychedelia of "The Time Machine", the majority of H. P. Lovecraft consisted of cover versions. Among these covers were Dino Valente's hippie anthem "Get Together", Randy Newman's "I've Been Wrong Before", Travis Edmonson's "The Drifter", and the Fred Neil compositions "That's The Bag I'm In" and "Country Boy & Bleeker Street". The centerpiece of the album, however, was the Edwards—Michaels—Cavallari composition "The White Ship", which was based on author H. P. Lovecraft's short story "The White Ship". The six-and-a-half-minute opus, which featured baroque harpsichord passages, droning feedback, somber harmonies, and the chiming of a genuine 1811 ship's bell, has been described by music historian Richie Unterberger as having a "wavering, foggy beauty, with some of Michaels' eeriest keyboards." The song became something of an underground FM radio favorite and was also issued in an edited form as a single, although it failed to reach the Billboard Hot 100.
Relocation and second album
H. P. Lovecraft embarked on their first tour of the West Coast in late 1967, establishing themselves as a live favorite with the hippies of San Francisco and Los Angeles. In November 1967, Billboard magazine reported that the H. P. Lovecraft album had become something of an underground hit in San Francisco and had already sold 1,100 copies there. In San Francisco the band were championed by concert promoter Bill Graham and this led to appearances at such high-profile venues as The Fillmore and the Winterland Ballroom. After returning to Chicago briefly, the group embarked on an early 1968 East Coast tour, appearing at the Boston Tea Party, Philadelphia's Electric Factory, and concluding with an aborted engagement at New York's Cafe Au Go Go alongside Al Kooper's Blood, Sweat & Tears. These obligations fulfilled, the group relocated to Marin County, California permanently in mid-February 1968 in an attempt to advance their careers. Notable post-relocation performances were at the Fillmore and Winterland with Traffic, Salt Lake City's Utah State Fairgrounds Coliseum with Buffalo Springfield and The Youngbloods, Los Angeles' Whisky-A-Go-Go with Colors, and in Palm Springs, appearing with the James Cotton Blues Band.
Eight weeks after the group's relocation bassist Jerry McGeorge made his final appearance with H. P. Lovecraft at the Los Angeles Kaleidoscope on April 12–14. He was replaced by Jeffrey Boyan, who had previously been a member of the Chicago band Saturday's Children. Critic Jeff Jarema has noted that Boyan was an accomplished bass player with a strong singing voice and that his addition to the band improved their abilities as a live act considerably. The band subsequently played West Coast concerts with the Grateful Dead, Jefferson Airplane, and Moby Grape, as well as with touring British bands such as Pink Floyd and The Who. The band's prowess and imagination as a live act during this period can be heard on the Live May 11, 1968 album. The live album, which boasts very good sound quality for the period, was released in 1991 by Sundazed Records (Edsel Records in the UK) and was reissued in 2000.
In June 1968, H. P. Lovecraft decamped to I.D. Sound Studios in Los Angeles with engineer Chris Huston to record their second album. Due to the intensive touring that the band had undertaken during the first half of 1968, there was a lack of properly arranged new material and consequently much of the album was improvised in the studio. Huston was pivotal in enabling the underprepared band to complete the recording sessions and was also responsible for creating many of the album's psychedelic sound effects. The album was released as H. P. Lovecraft II in September 1968 and although it was less focused than its predecessor, it managed to successfully expand on the musical approach of the band's first album. Among its nine tracks, the album included "At the Mountains of Madness", another song based on the works of the author H. P. Lovecraft (this time his 1931 novella At the Mountains of Madness). The album also included a cover of Brewer & Shipley's "Keeper of the Keys", the Edwards-penned tracks "Electrollentando" and "Mobius Trip", a contribution from voice artist Ken Nordine, on the track "Nothing's Boy", and two songs written by Edwards' friend Terry Callier: "Spin, Spin, Spin" and "It's About Time". Like the band's first album, H. P. Lovecraft II failed to sell in sufficient quantities to reach the U.S. charts.
Michaels decided to leave the band in late 1968, to return to university, and as a result, H. P. Lovecraft effectively collapsed in early 1969, with Tegza joining the band Bangor Flying Circus. A successor group, Lovecraft, was formed in 1969 and included Edwards and Tegza from the original line-up, although Edwards departed from the group soon after its formation. Edwards has subsequently undertaken production work and played in folk clubs under his real name Ethan Kenning, occasionally reuniting with Michaels, who records and performs under his real name David Miotke.
Lovecraft and Love Craft
|Lovecraft / Love Craft|
|Years active||1969–1971, 1975-1976, 1980|
|Associated acts||H. P. Lovecraft, Aorta, The Call|
|Past members||Michael Tegza
Jorge Juan Rodriguez
After the breakup of H. P. Lovecraft, a spin-off band with the shortened name of Lovecraft was formed in late 1969 by George Edwards and Michael Tegza. The new band's line-up included two recruits from the Chicago band Aorta: guitarist Jim Donlinger and bassist Michael Been. Initially, it was hoped that Dave Michaels would also join the new incarnation of the band, but he withdrew and the group instead recruited keyboard player and singer Marty Grebb, previously of The Buckinghams. After securing a recording contract with Reprise Records, Edwards pulled out of the project and returned to performing as a solo folk singer.
The remaining band members successfully completed recording sessions for an album titled Valley of the Moon, and promptly headed out on tour, supporting the Boz Scaggs Band and later Leon Russell. The Valley of the Moon album saw the group abandoning the eerie psychedelic ambiance that had characterized H. P. Lovecraft's music and instead featured a more laid-back, mainstream rock sound, somewhat reminiscent of Crosby, Stills & Nash or Uriah Heep. By the time that Valley of the Moon was released, Lovecraft had split up and the album, along with its attendant single "We Can Have It Altogether", failed commercially and did not chart.
Following the demise of the band, Tegza rejoined Edwards in the band Elixir, playing a handful of shows in 1971 but never releasing any recordings. Of the other ex-members of Lovecraft, Grebb went on to form The Fabulous Rhinestones and eventually developed a career as a solo artist and session musician; Been joined Jerry Miller and Bob Mosley (both ex-members of Moby Grape) in Fine Wine and recorded the self-titled Fine Wine album in 1976, before going on to front the new wave band The Call during the 1980s and 1990s; and Donlinger recorded a number of solo albums and published an autobiography titled Space Traveller: A Musician's Odyssey.
In 1975, Tegza put together yet another variation of the group, this time a funk band with the name Love Craft, featuring vocalist Lalomie Washburn. Love Craft released the We Love You Whoever You Are album on Mercury Records in 1975 but it sold poorly and as a result, the band were dropped by their label and disbanded shortly thereafter. In 1980, Tegza and Love Craft guitarist Frankie Capek reunited to form a second version of the band, recruiting vocalist Marc Scherer and bassist Mark Gardner to complete the line-up. With a repertoire consisting of contemporary pop music and older psychedelic material, the band garnered some label interest but broke up before they had secured a recording contract, due to Scherer leaving the band. Since then, Tegza has become a Pastor currently living in Eureka Springs, Arkansas. Scherer is currently signed to Frontiers, Italy and records with Grammy winner Jim Peterik of 'Eye of the Tiger' fame. Their upcoming Peterik/Scherer (PS) album 'Risk Everything' is set for release Spring of 2015. Despite the involvement of Tegza and Edwards in Lovecraft and Love Craft, neither band is regarded as being fundamentally connected to H. P. Lovecraft or its history, beyond the obvious similarities in names and crossover member association.
H. P. Lovecraft:
- George Edwards – vocals, acoustic guitar, electric guitar, guitarrón, bass (1967–1969)
- Dave Michaels – vocals, organ, piano, harpsichord, clarinet, recorder (1967–1968)
- Tony Cavallari – lead guitar, vocals (1967–1969)
- Michael Tegza – drums, percussion, timpani, vocals (1967–1969)
- Tom Skidmore – bass (1967)
- Jerry McGeorge – bass, vocals (1967–1968)
- Jeff Boyan – bass, vocals (1968–1969)
- Michael Tegza – drums (1969–1971)
- Jim Donlinger – guitar (1969–1971)
- Michael Been – bass (1969–1971)
- Marty Grebb – keyboards, vocals (1969–1971)
- George Edwards – vocals, guitar (1969–1970)
- Michael Tegza – drums (1975–1976)
- Lalomie Washburn – vocals, percussion (1975)
- George Agosto – percussion (1975)
- Craig Gigstad – bass (1975)
- Mark Justin – synthesizer, keyboards (1975)
- Jorge Juan Rodriguez – guitar (1975)
- Frank Capek – guitar (1975–1976)
- Shawn Christopher – vocals (1976)
- Jeff Steele – bass (1976)
- Theodis Rodgers – keyboards (1976)
- H. P. Lovecraft (1967)
- H. P. Lovecraft II (1968)
- Valley of the Moon [as Lovecraft] (1970)
- We Love You Whoever You Are [as Love Craft] (1975)
- Live May 11, 1968 [live recordings] (1991)
- At the Mountains of Madness (1988)
- H. P. Lovecraft/H. P. Lovecraft II (1997)
- Two Classic Albums from H. P. Lovecraft: H. P. Lovecraft/H. P. Lovecraft II (2000)
- Dreams in the Witch House: The Complete Philips Recordings (2005)
- "Anyway That You Want Me"/"It's All Over for You" (Philips 40464) (1967)
- "Wayfaring Stranger"/"The Time Machine" (Philips 40491) (1967)
- "The White Ship" (Part 1)/"The White Ship" (Part 2) (Philips 40506) (1967)
- "The White Ship"/"I've Been Wrong Before" (Philips BF 1639) [UK release] (1968)
- "Keeper of the Keys"/"Blue Jack of Diamonds" (Philips 40578) (1968)
- "We Can Have It Altogether"/"Will I Know When My Time Comes?" (Reprise 0996) [as Lovecraft] (1971)
- "I Feel Better"/"Flight" (Mercury 73698) [as Love Craft] (1975)
- "Ain't Gettin' None"/"We Love You" (Mercury 73707) [as Love Craft] (1975)
- "H. P. Lovecraft Biography". Allmusic. Retrieved 2010-07-14.
- Laffler, William A. (5 Nov 1967). "'H. P. Lovecraft' Group Named for Horror Writer". The Times Recorder. Zanesville, Ohio. p. 30.
- Unterberger, Richie. "Liner Notes for H. P. Lovecraft/H. P. Lovecraft II". Richieunterberger.com. Retrieved 2010-07-16.
- Joynson, Vernon (1997). Fuzz, Acid and Flowers. Borderline Productions. ISBN 1-899855-06-8.
- Buckley, Peter. (2003). The Rough Guide to Rock. Rough Guides. p. 510. ISBN 1-84353-105-4.
- Jarema, Jeff (1991). Live May 11, 1968 (CD booklet). H. P. Lovecraft. Edsel Records.
- "Valley of the Moon album review". Allmusic. Retrieved 2010-07-16.
- "The White Ship: The Psychedelic Voyage of H.P. Lovecraft". Nick Warburton's Rock Music Archive. Retrieved 2012-04-27.
- "Live May 11, 1968 album review". Allmusic. Retrieved 2010-07-24.
- "Marty Grebb Biography". Hammondb3.com. Retrieved 2010-07-31.
- "Fine Wine Biography". Allmusic. Retrieved 2010-07-31.
- "The Call Biography". Allmusic. Retrieved 2010-07-31.
- "We Love You Whoever You Are album review". Allmusic. Retrieved 2010-07-31.
- First Assembly of God, Eureka Springs, Arkansas: Support staff. Retrieved 3 December 2014
- The White Ship: The Psychedelic Voyage of H.P. Lovecraft - fan site with an in-depth biography of the group.
- H. P. Lovecraft: An interview with George Edwards, Ptolemaic Terrascope, 1991
- H. P. Lovecraft at Rokpool.com
- H. P. Lovecraft performing their song "The White Ship" on U.S. television in the late 1960s.
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Have you ever wondered why yogurt is so good for you? Do you want to build immunity naturally? Would you like to optimize health and enhance digestion while restoring proper balance of your gut bacteria through real, whole foods? In this nutritional workshop and cooking demonstration, you will learn how prepare natural, probiotic foods that kept our ancestors healthy and allergy-free for thousands of years in a most delicious way. Naturally fermented foods are essential to health, but sadly lacking in most modern diets. Learn how to make enzyme-rich fermented foods such as yogurts, milk, water and coconut kefirs, kombucha tea, sauerkraut and homemade Kimchi.
Nutritional Tutorial with Nutritionist, Gut Health Expert and Author Dorota Trupp includes:
- A scientific round-up of the gut; how it works & how it can influence your health
- Explanation of the pathophysiology of the most common gut issues
- The role of microbes who live on & inside of you and how to optimize their diversity to improve gut functions
- How to decrease the inflammation in the gut and the body through the diet and nutritional supplementation
- Why the addition and elimination of certain foods can assist in rebalancing the gut functions
- 6 weeks dietary protocol hand out that has demonstrated in my practice to help rebalance gut flora
- Fermented foods and drinks tasters
- Take home with you Fermented Drinks Bacterial Starters
- Take home recipes booklet and Nutritional Information handout
Who will benefit from this workshop?
- People with leaky gut, Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Small Intestinal Bacteria Overgrowth, Constipations, Diarrhea, Autoimmune Conditions and Food Intolerances.
- Anyone who would like to improve digestion and strengthen immune system functions.
- Anyone who would like to learn how to make key fermented foods and drinks.
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The second debate is a lively conversation between British analytic philosopher Alfred Ayer and Norwegian philosopher Arne Naess, the father of the deep ecology movement (a term he would coin shortly after this debate).
It begins with both men's thoughts about skepticism. They agree that a skeptical approach is useful, but differ on its limitations. A skeptical approach, Ayer says, should be tempered with common sense or "natural belief." For instance, he feels "convinced beyond a reasonable doubt" that those watching the debate are not, in fact, robots, or about to suddenly transform into swans. That level of skepticism would lead to complete uncertainty and inaction.
Naess puts forward an approach he refers to as "total view." It is a philosophy that embraces interconnectedness, and which sees the wellbeing of all as contingent on that of each individual. Naess is firm on this point: if threatened with death, he would rather die than kill his attacker. Ayer dismisses the notion of total view as one without "any useful application."
The conversation moves to a discussion of the utility of the concepts of fact and truth. Naess says that a dismissal of fact runs counter to the British empiricist tradition, while Ayer believes they are essential in order to distinguish truth from falsehood.
Shot in an intimate setting, with the participants seated around a table - Ayer smoking the whole time - this debate highlights not only divergent philosophical approaches, but also distinct debating styles, with Ayer frequently on the attack, and Naess often using humor to quietly counter his points, foreshadowing many of the concerns that would drive the deep ecology movement.
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GLOBAL CONCEPTS FOR YOUNG PEOPLE
Stories, Lessons, and Activities to Teach Children about Our World
Paperback with reproducible pages
With ready-to-use lesson plans and activities, this thoughtful resource is designed to help bring real-world issues into the classroom, encourage understanding of different cultures, and teach five key global concepts: change, interdependence, culture, scarcity, and power. Five lessons are provided for each concept, and additional resources and graphic organizers are also included. Correlations to C3 and Common Core standards are provided.
K–5, but valuable for students in 6–9 as well
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The future will hold quite a few unpleasant surprises, and one of the biggest will be the persistence of comments made on social media. People who make thoughtless, ill-considered, or nakedly hateful comments will find themselves haunted by them for years. They will apply for jobs and not get hired, they will ask people out on dates and be rejected, and they will find themselves shunned by their social groups and not know why.
New businesses will develop a promise to scrub the web of embarrassing past commentary, but the service will be expensive and never 100 percent effective. Instead, people will slowly learn a simple lesson: Never write anything online that you won't be comfortable with people reading 20 or 30 years down the road.
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Time travels in divers paces with divers persons - William Shakespeare, As You Like It
What is astounding is that natural wine is the only segment of the massive natural food market that has carved out an authentic consumer definition without certification, without governmental control, without a governing body of any sort.
The inspiring creativity of the winemakers themselves within this segment, the support of an ever-growing and aware consumer market, and a global supply chain of producers, importers, shops, restaurants, bars, bloggers and super enthusiasts have come together to make this so. This change could only happen from a bottoms up market-driven movement, not one mandated top down by legislating bodies.
Great post by Arnold Waldstein: “Rethinking natural wine”.
New scenarios for the digital economy
Eager to buy wine through Apple Pay, a frictionless way to pay for your next wine bottles.
As time and digital progress in wine marketing go by, more and more focus is centered on wine consumer behavior and more sophisticated ways to dialogue with her or him. André Ribeirinho, a Portuguese entrepreneur and digital wine marketing pioneer, gives to us some glimpses on a not very far future for this industry.
☆ Wine Lister - the holistic new standard in wine rating systems - has this interesting post about investing in fine wines in a post-Brexit financial scenario:
In a new climate of Brexit-induced uncertainty, with volatile fund performance and some economists forecasting recession, can fine wine offer some shelter? Research has consistently shown that wine has weak correlation with traditional financial assets, and can therefore be a useful diversification tool. Moreover, returns have been attractive historically, and less risky.
☆ Samuel Scott for Tech Crunch / Crunch Network:
“Television” is a marketing channel, not a marketing strategy. If I choose to advertise on television, “advertising” is the strategy, the advertisement itself is the content and “television” is the channel over which I transmit the advertisement. In the same way, “Facebook marketing,” “social media marketing” and “content marketing” are not “things.” “Facebook” is a marketing channel. “Social media” is a collection of marketing channels. “Content” is a tactic, not a strategy. “Content” is produced in the execution of strategies such as advertising, SEO and publicity.
☆ The “thermonuclear confrontation” (cit. Steve Jobs) between Apple and its copycats now escalates with a legal case at the US Supreme Court. It’s not a matter of money because
designers are concerned that if the court reduces the damages, it reduces the worth we attribute to design and could encourage copying in fashion and other industries.
☆ Alder Yarrow at Vinography writes about Colares marvellous wines.
☆ Jamie Goode has a different stance over a debated report…
☆ Interesting interview at Evernote’s CEO - my best note taking app with many more uses in everyday productivity…
This is the annual report written by Rob McMillan, EVP and Founder Silicon Valley Bank Wine Division.
This report “addresses current conditions and future views on wine industry growth, consumer demand trends and winery financial performance for 2016. It's excellent and very insightful”. [thanks to Robyn Lewis and Paul Mabray]
Click on the image to download the report (PDF file).
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Mitchell scholarship was established in 1998 named to honor the former U.S senator Goerge J. Mitchell as an alliance between the United States of America and Ireland.
Mitchell scholarship is one of the most prestigious scholarship programs across the country, it’s a program that helps young individuals over 300 annually across the globe. A recorded number of 453 scholars every year from all ethnic and racial backgrounds.
Criteria for eligibility requirements
- Students must be between the ages of 18-30 years old.
- Scholars must be citizens of the United States of America.
- Students must have a degree from an accredited college or university before applying to the institution.
- Applicants must have a strong academic achievement record from their various colleges or universities.
Mitchell scholarship benefits
Mitchell scholarships come with various annual benefits such as:
- Students accommodation.
- A stipend for living.
- Travel expenses.
Methods of applications and Acceptance Rate
The applications should be submitted online
- A passport photo is needed.
- All students transcripts must be scanned into a PDF/JPG/ PNG.
- A personal statement made by the student to express to Mitchell scholarship why you need to study with them and how it will benefit your future.
- Finally, students signatures should be scanned and sent along with all other documents listed above ( JPG, PNG, PDF).
Deadline for application for Mitchell scholarship program
- The deadline for applications for 2020 applicants is the 24th of September 2021, by 5 pm eastern time.
- The scholarship announcement commences on the 21st of November 2021.
- The closing date for applications is late September/early October of the preceding year.
- Application for Mitchell scholarship for 2022/2023 is now open, visit the website email@example.com for more details on how to apply.
- Note that students applying for the Mitchell scholarship can also apply for other scholarship programs such as Marshall and the Rhodes, but if the offered final interview for Mitchell scholarship the student must withdraw from all other scholarship competitions, so we advise you make your choice on the scholarship you want most within the next 48hours.
- Also, an unsuccessful applicant from the previous year can reapply, by sending in new applications and materials needed.
- At the final stage, finalists must present official transcripts and proof of citizenship, either in a sealed envelope or a secured electronic version from the registrar.
- The scholarship is open to graduates, graduating students, and recent graduates.
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Completing the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act was a long and arduous process for the Obama Administration and the new Congress. Now that President Obama has signed the bill into law, our nation can begin the journey of restoring our economic stability through the programs and initiatives this law will make possible.
Throughout the process of creating this law, the library community demonstrated a steadfast commitment to the American public by working to inform our leaders in Washington about the programs and services libraries across the country are providing to help America get back to work, such as assistance with resume building and online job searching as well as free classes to teach the public 21st century job skills.
With many opportunities available to libraries through the stimulus bill, the library community must continue our efforts to educate our elected officials on the benefits of investing in libraries — focusing now on the state level.
Implementing the law will no doubt be as complex a process as creating it, and for this reason the ALA Washington Office has created www.ala.org/knowyourstimulus as a one-stop source with resources on how to make sure libraries benefit from the package and the most up-to-date information on the stimulus. As information becomes available, the ALA Washington Office will post updates on this page with details, such as how funding will be distributed and how to apply.
We have compiled a list of the programs that libraries can benefit from included in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. More information will be posted on each section as it becomes available.
$7.2 billion for Broadband
This includes $2.5 billion for Rural Utilities Service and $4.7 billion for the National Telecommunications and Information Administration’s (NTIA) broadband grant program to increase broadband access and usage in underserved areas of the nation. This includes $200 million in competitive grants for expanding public computer capacity at public libraries and community college libraries. Additionally, this includes $650 million for DTV, of which $90 million may be used by organizations, including libraries, for education and outreach to vulnerable populations including one-on-one assistance for box installation.
$53.6 billion for the State Fiscal Stabilization Fund
This program includes $48 billion in block grants allocated among the states. Out of each state’s allocation, 81.8 percent is reserved for education and 18.2 percent is reserved for the governor to use as he or she sees fit. $39.5 billion for education using existing funding formulas, which can be used for preventing cutbacks, preventing layoffs, school modernization (school libraries will benefit from this), or other purposes and $8.8 billion for state fiscal relief for high-priority needs such as public safety and other critical services (including public libraries), renovation and repairs of public school facilities and institutions of higher education facilities. Encouraging state officials to invest the funds they receive from Congress in public and school libraries will be critical. It is also important to note that with the billions of dollars states are receiving, there should be no need for drastic state cutbacks in services.
An additional $120 million for the Senior Community Service Employment Program
This funding will provide community service jobs at nonprofit and public facilities, including libraries, for an additional 24,000 older Americans. The Senior Community Service Employment Program is a community service and work-based training program for older workers. Program participants are placed in a wide variety of community service positions at non-profit and public facilities, including daycare centers, senior centers, governmental agencies, schools, hospitals, libraries and landscaping centers. There are currently 74 grantees. Grant awards are made to 18 national nonprofit organizations and 56 state and territorial governments. In most states, the governor has selected the State Office on Aging to administer the program. The contact information for all existing grantees is available by going to www.doleta.gov/seniors. Click the contacts link on the right and on that page go to grantees PY 2007.
An additional $130 million for the Rural Community Facilities Program
The Community Programs is a division of the Housing and Community Facilities Programs at the United States Department of Agriculture. Community Programs includes the Community Facilities Guaranteed Loan Program, the Community Facilities Direct Loan Program, and the Community Facilities Grant Program. These programs help develop essential community facilities for public use in rural areas. These facilities include schools, libraries, childcare, hospitals, medical clinics, assisted living facilities, fire and rescue stations, police stations, community centers, public buildings and transportation.
Emily Sheketoff, Executive Director
ALA Washington Office
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The archaeological trenches can still be seen at the site where the builders are now working
When archaeologists began digging the fields in 2010 they knew it was a site of historical interest, but even they were surprised by the wealth of ancient finds their trowels unveiled.
As plans progressed for 3,300 new homes, schools and shops on the 180-hectare site, archaeologists were called in to investigate.
It has taken them nearly three years to excavate 30 hectares, but they now know people have been living in Didcot for about 9,000 years - since the end of the last ice age.
Read the rest of this article...
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- Historic Sites
A visit to two villages that still share the nineteenth century’s conviction that we can communicate with the dead
April/May 2005 | Volume 56, Issue 2
We walk down a street that seems lifted from a Victorian-era children’s book, and there, on the white clapboard cottage’s wall, is the small sign we have been told to look for: MRS. HANSON—MEDIUM . Reverend Hanson answers the door, and behind her sits Mr. Hanson, with his newspaper, in what can only be called a front parlor. We are invited in, but only my wife, Hayden, may enter the reading room, lest my “vibrations” disturb the clarity of Mrs. Hanson’s focus. On the left of the entrance to the reading room, pinned to the wall, is Hanson’s certificate of ordination from the International General Assembly of Spiritualists and her Florida State business license, entitling her to give readings from her home.
Psychic “channeling” is no recent development in America, and the New Age movement we know today is really only the most recent iteration of a feature of the nation’s religious and spiritual landscape that can be traced back deep into our colonial past. Nor did the country’s fascination with communes and “intentional” small communities start in the 1960s. By the end of the nineteenth century there were dotted across the nation villages, sometimes called camps or colonies, devoted to the practice of the same metaphysical disciplines that are in vogue today. Some were permanent from the beginning, others were inhabited only seasonally, and most have disappeared or shrunk to mere remnants of a larger past. We know of Utopians such as the Shakers because of their lovingly maintained buildings and their furniture, which touches us with its beautiful, economical style. But we have only a removed sense of their communities as living centers. Yet their lesser-known cousins, the villages of the American Spiritualist movement, are still to be found, as I have discovered, tucked away here and there across the land. Two of them—Lily Dale, in New York, and Cassadaga, in Florida—are remarkably well-preserved examples of the American camp style.
The nostalgic architecture isn’t what first catches my eye; it’s the small signs that say things such as KITTY OSBORNE—MEDIUM.
Lily Dale—formally, Lily Dale Assembly—founded in 1879, is located on 173 acres in Chautauqua County in upstate New York, not far from Lake Erie. Built along the banks of a small lake a mile from the town of Cassadaga and Highway 60, it is the mother of all Spiritualist communities in America and describes itself as “the world’s largest center for Spiritualism.”
Lily Dale began as an auditorium tent around which smaller tents on platforms were erected for the summer season, when families gathered to hear speakers and ministers there. By the 1880s the tents had become permanent structures notable for their small scale, ginger-bread scrollwork, and encircling screened porches, homes built in a time before television and air conditioning, when sitting on your porch in the dark talking with friends was an appreciated pleasure. The streets are narrow and tree-shaded, but as soon as I go through the gates, I can see that more than a century of New York weather has taken its toll. Some cottages are pristine, but others are what realtors would call fixer-uppers.
Susan Glasier, executive director of the assembly, who answers my many questions, tells me that the town is still seasonal, “although we have a permanent population of about 275 people. Our season runs from the last Friday in June to September 5, and during that time the population doubles.” She adds, “Visitors are always welcome,” and about 22,000 a year stop by, though there seem to be fewer than a dozen the day we are there at the height of the season.
The nostalgic architecture, though, is not what first catches my attention. Rather, it is the small signs hanging in cottage gardens that say things such as KITTY OSBORNE—MEDIUM . This is a religious village; its residents are practitioners of their faith’s central tenet, “the demonstrated fact of communication, by the means of mediumship, with those who live in the Spirit World”—those who are physically dead. Modern Spiritualism is informed in many ways by one of America’s great religious impulses, transcendentalism. In the same solidly American theological realm reside Emerson, Thoreau, and, some say, Abraham Lincoln.
Lily Dale is a company town, the land owned by Lily Dale Assembly, Incorporated, and the houses on 99-year leases. It practices a cottage industry whose products are readings and energetic healings. There are between 10 to 15 mediums, individuals “sensitive to vibrations from the spirit world,” in permanent residence, and their number grows to 40 during the season. Many more in Lily Dale are healers. Most carry the title Reverend and are ministers under the umbrella of the National Spiritualist Association of Churches, forming a loose, broad community of believers as old as the Mormons.
At the northern edge of the hamlet stands the Forest Temple, a modest, white, open-air structure facing many rows of outdoor seating. At the back is a green and white stained-glass window bearing the words Memory of My Mother . Below the window is a small mirror with black writing over its silvery surface. It says, “This temple erected by B. F. Bartlett and dedicated in remembrance of his mother Obera Bartlett.” There is no one there as I walk around, but a woman passing by tells me to come to the auditorium for the public service at two-thirty, when there will be a talk and someone will channel.
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A “counter-terrorism” group has been subpoenaed by Republican staff on the investigative committee of the House of Representatives. The group is associated with the Real IRA, which is legally designated as a terrorist organisation by the UK government.
Who is on the list?
The subpoena sought everything from phone records to bank accounts. But there is no evidence that any action taken by the Real IRA or its followers have caused any harm to the US or its citizens.
How did they become associated with Real IRA?
The Real IRA started in the early 1980s to support the republican cause in Northern Ireland. The IRA carried out a number of attacks, including the killing of two British soldiers and the attack on British soldiers on Bloody Sunday in 1972. The group splintered in late 1998 following a ceasefire agreement after the Good Friday agreement.
In March 2016 the Real IRA announced that it was seeking to end its 20-year ceasefire and launch attacks on the British mainland and its embassies. The group subsequently split into two factions: one seeking to remain loyal to its chief commander and the other said to be led by a former member of the Irish National Liberation Army, a paramilitary group that followed the republican movement in the 1970s and 1980s.
Are they criminals?
The RHI investigation has focused on four administrators of the renewable heat incentive scheme. All four are members of the Irish republican movement. Two administrators’ names were also mentioned in a Supreme Court judgment from a senior official of the Irish republic who was convicted of fraud in relation to the same scheme. The senior official is now serving a two-year prison sentence.
What will be asked of them?
The subpoenas seek phone records, bank account details, emails and social media, as well as those of anyone associated with the group. The subpoenas also require them to make a detailed statement in writing on the amount of social media accounts they have, their passwords, routing, account and ownership information, and copies of their correspondence with credit card companies.
How did the Real IRA’s name come up?
In the wake of the anonymous death of former Egyptian President Mohamed Morsi and while thousands of people were protesting in Tahrir Square, the Rev Paul Duffy, a former priest, and a group of other anti-militarist people came to Cairo and began a vigil at an old Jewish synagogue. The group worked with the government to get the historic synagogue reopened and to find a Jewish burial plot for Morsi. The council who presided over Morsi’s funeral ordered his body to be set on fire and smuggled his body into Israel for burial. The speaker of the Egyptian parliament then made an appointment to meet with the RHI managers. The speaker was none other than Anwar Gargash, then undersecretary for economic and social affairs at the UAE ministry of finance.
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This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages)(Learn how and when to remove this template message)
A pet store or pet shop is a retail business which sells different kinds of animals to the public. A variety of animal supplies and pet accessories are also sold in pet shops. The products sold include: food, treats, toys, collars, leashes, cat litter, cages and aquariums. Some pet stores provide engraving services for pet tags, which have the owner’s contact information in case the pet gets lost.
In the USA and Canada, pet shops often offer both hygienic care (such as pet cleaning) and esthetic services (such as cat and dog grooming). Grooming is the process by which a dog or cats's physical appearance is enhanced and kept according to breed standards for competitive breed showing, for other types of competition, like creative grooming or pet tuning contests, or just to their owners taste. Some pet stores also provide tips on training and behaviour, as well as advice on pet nutrition.
There are many large pet stores located in the US and Canada, including: Petland, Pet Valu, and PetSmart. In the United States, Petco is also a popular pet store. In addition, there are many smaller pet shops that aren't part of big chains, such as Big Al’s and Pet Food Express, which have a smaller number of locations.
Pet stores are extremely popular in today’s society. In 2004, according to the American Pet Products Manufacturers Association, in the pet industry, live animal sales reached approximately $1.6 billion. Moreover, in a 2003 survey in the US, merely 38% of U.S. pet shops claimed that they did not sell any live animals.
||This article may lend undue weight to certain ideas, incidents, or controversies. (September 2015)|
A major concern with pet stores and the reason why puppies and kittens may not be sold in certain stores anymore is largely due to puppy mills. Happy mills are commercial dog breeding businesses that breed dogs primarily for profit, often with little regard for animal welfare. According to the Puppy Mill Project "more than 2.5 million puppies are born in puppy mills each year" in the United States. Kitten mills are not as widely known as puppy mills, but they still do exist. The animals in these mills are kept in tiny, unsanitary cages, receive little to no nourishment, and often receive no veterinary care. Some cities in Canada, such as Toronto, have altogether banned the sale of cats and dogs in pet stores in order to put an end to this animal abuse.
In Canada and the US, another area of concern regarding pet stores is the laws that guide pet stores. In the US, there are no federal laws in place that protect animals in retail pet stores. There are state laws to protect animals, however they all vary and some are not sufficient enough. In twenty states plus D.C., a license is required before being able to manage a pet store. The welfare of animals in pet shops also relies heavily on the veterinary care available to them. In the United States, there are only 16 states that enforce veterinary care laws in pet stores. In Ontario, Canada the Provincial Animal Welfare Act states that the Ontario Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals has the authorization to examine places where animals are kept for sale, including pet shops.
In computer science
In computer science, a "pet store program" is an example of how to use a particular software framework or set of libraries to build a real program. Its concept is similar to the Hello world program. It has been made popular by Sun Microsystems for illustrating Java EE, and many other vendors followed.
- "Ten Fast Facts about Pet Shops". Retrieved 3 April 2014.
- "The Truth About Puppy Mills". Retrieved 3 April 2014.
- Criger, Erin. "Toronto bans the sale of cats and dogs in pet stores". Retrieved 3 April 2014.
- Duncan, Ashley. "Brief Overview of Retail Pet Stores". Retrieved 3 April 2014.
- "Ontario's Animal Protection Law Strongest In Canada". Retrieved 3 April 2014.
- Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council - Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council (PIJAC) is the world’s largest pet trade association, representing all segments of the pet industry.
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pet shops.|
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I was going to ask Daniel some follow on questions but it's a bit late for that. So here it is, republished on my own blog. sigh.
Jack Zaientz: When I read about or listen to people talk about Jewish music, the same images tend to repeat: the European klezmer, the superstar cantor, the contemporary songleader, the Yiddish Theater star, the Sephardic singer, the Chassidic rebbe, the family zemirot. Could you tell me about the Jewish art music tradition, where it comes from and why you think it hasn't achieved the same cultural status as the others? (Or has it, and I've just missed it?)I was planning on asking a few follow up questions because it felt we were talking past each other a bit. Oh well. Here's The Feinsmith Quartet rehearsing Feinsmith's "Elokim / See".
Daniel David Feinsmith: The Jewish Art Music tradition is as ancient as Judaism and music itself. In every generation where musicians have authentic spiritual feeling and love for the Creator, the purpose-made talents that God gives them allows for an expression of those feelings. For whatever reason, what is called “Jewish Music” nowadays is mostly music that doesn’t come from the heart, or from genuine spiritual experience, but more often, comes from copying forms of the past, such as Klezmer, etc. Who today can honestly claim to experience and feel the feelings and emotions of the klezmorim of eastern Europe? At the time of the building of what we have now as the klezmer forms, these works were new and fresh and spoke directly to the hearts of the Jews of the time. Do we have those times today? Yes, we can take joy in that music, but ultimately, they only speak to us at a certain level, because they don’t speak to the real experience of Jews today. The great cantorial soloists of the postwar experience, were also truly great Jewish musicians. They felt the profound emotions of Jewry, and their musics were deeply felt and filled with profound emotion. In this day, these kinds of profound feelings, the intense longing and spirituality accompanying the feelings of the prophets, are rarely heard. You can sometimes hear this longing, this combination of exaltation in divinity and sorrow at the human state in genuine niggunim as well, when sung by masters who can feel and project the emotional and spiritual states that the niggunim project. More often than not, what we have today are copycats in Jewish music. Empty forms devoid of real experience or real effort. Forms over time naturally become empty and devoid of real meaning, of genuine emotion.
The Jewish Art tradition can be compared to, for example the paintings of Marc Chagall, a unique and personal expression of the love of God and the Torah. It is unique in that it comes directly from the heart of spiritual practice, rather than coming from the ossification of tradition and traditional form. Therefore, it has always historically refreshed Jewish art, refreshed Jewish thinking, and enabled people, through the powerful force of music, to enter the feeling of the composer.
There are so many examples of Jewish art music, that I will confine myself to the near present in discussing them. The many works of John Zorn and Steve Reich are good examples. My own works as well as my father’s works are other examples coming from more the romantic ideal in music. These are works that deal with either themes or questions that arise from the study of the Tanakh or esoteric studies such as the Zohar or the Sefer Yetzirah.
It must be remembered that the flowering of music is what we can call art music. This music is not folk music, but it is a studied music that is equal part philosophy, spirituality and science, and is involved in the study of sound, the study of genuine emotion as projected through sound, the study of the creation of worlds through the power of sound. This is very different from a folk music, which evolves along different, usually communal lines.
Of course, many non-Jewish composers have concentrated on themes from the Tanakh, notably Stravinsky, and the many Christian composers….. But the very specific Jewish feelings associated with those themes makes the Jewish treatment perforce have a different voice.
JZ: Your biography says that "your family history boasts a multigenerational line of composers, musical performers and writers which has been traced in an unbroken line as far back as the 1600s." Did this multigenerational line participate in Jewish art music as well? How did Jewish art music relate to the other types of music in which they were involved?
DDF: Only back a few generations. Prior to that time, there were Hazzanim.
JZ: Your biography also says that you're a "modern experimental classical composer" When so much of art music, particularly experimental contemporary art music, is abstract, what do you personally feel is the significance of labeling some of it Jewish? Do you think that's consistent with other Jewish art music composers, or do you think that other composers might have very different ideas?
DDF: All music is abstract only to those that don’t understand the language of music. To a person who is not cultured in music, descriptive lyrics, or onamatapoeticism is necessary. But to a person who has awakened the inner ear, who can hear depth in sound, there is no abstraction in music, but just the opposite: A concreteness of feeling, emotion and a concreteness of the worlds created through the potency of the composers craft.
JZ: One of your current projects, the Feinsmith Quartet, has a concert coming up on January 19th in New York. What music will you be performing? Do you feel that this concert is representative of a community of musicians and composers, or that the Quartet is fairly unique?
DDF: We will be performing two works of mine, ELOKIM, a 45-minute work for the quartet, HAVAYAH, a duet for cello and bass, as well as a work by MIchael Manring and two works of Gyan Riley.
The quartet is unusual in that it is the most powerful assemblage of virtuosi playing Jewish art music today. We also play music that is not Jewish art music, for example, Michael and Gyan’s works are not Jewish in content. They are both spiritual men, so there is a genuine feeling of love that comes from their works and their performances, so it is important for me to recognize the universality of the spiritual experience and life.
That said, there is no equivalent ensemble anywhere. Every player is a well-known star in their own right, and I put the ensemble together expressly to be able to perform works that have spirituality as their main thrust. Most ensembles will play whatever is popular, or whatever can bring an audience. Our thrust is different. We want to project depth and ideals that have eternal value, not abstract and clever principles of passing meaning.
JZ: If one of my readers wanted to know more about Jewish art music scene, maybe to keep track of new recordings or to find shows in there area, could you point them to any resources? Maybe a magazine, web page, or mailing list?
DDF: Just keep your eye on google.
Rehearsal San Francisco Two
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Amtryke? What it is and Why its not just a bike
An Amtryke is a therapeutic tricycle that is modified to meet the particular needs of handicapped children and adults and as the child grows, the Amtryke can be modified. Amtryke makes foot trykes, hand trykes, and hand & foot trykes in a wide range of sizes. Nearly every rider can be successful, no matter their diagnosis, because Amtrykes are highly adjustable trykes and have a huge range of adaptive accessories.
Parents and therapists report that Amtrykes build strength, coordination, tone and self-esteem. “For parents, the Amtryke fills the need of every child to have a bike—just like their siblings and friends.” (AMBUCS, “Parents”) They have been found to create independence and mobility as well as providing social opportunities such as helping establish new friends, promoting family activities and enabling greater interaction with peers. One should see the face of the child light up in joy when knowing that this bike is made for them and they can have fun riding a bike!
The Amtryke Project was started in 2017 and is still going strong.
Adaptive tricycles are expensive but we know theirs a need for them. Many Families who would benefit from them are already under financial strain due to therapy and medical bills. We knew we could help! Thus, we started doing projects to help raise funds for them (our spaghetti dinners) and working with area service agencies to select children that would be capable and benefit from the presentation of an Amtryke. We not only donated them for families; but also donated bikes to schools, where many children could use them. So far, six amtrykes have been assembled and presented to children in the area. We are currently working on making two more!!
Thanks to Cindy Hemsoth, for taking charge of this project and making contact with the school to find a need. Thanks to the our other members for their help in guiding us thru the process to get this off the ground and make it a reality.
A Murray Ridge School student got an early Christmas present on Dec. 19 2017 with the help of the Kiwanis Club of North Ridgeville.
A team of volunteers put the bicycle together over the course of about five hours, getting it ready for the special presentation.
“We try to stay positive but when something like this comes together, it’s really nice,”
Makenzie, a fourth-grader at Murray Ridge, struggled to contain her excitement when the bicycle was overwhelmed with tears of joy before getting the chance to take her first ride around the school’s sprawling gymnasium.
“Putting this all together, Kiwanis if you don’t know about us we are all about helping the children and the community but we focus on the children. But I think having this opportunity to bring the Amtryke in at the time, is really close to our hearts. It is really our pleasure,”Cindy Hemsoth, who coordinates the Kiwanis Club’s Amtryke program.
Michelle Hyer, a paraprofessional at North Ridgeville Schools, said the district is grateful for the donation. “They are so generous, not just for her bike, but for the four others as well,” Hyer said. “Kiwanis has been a huge help.”
“These bikes aren’t cheap; they are at least $1,000 (the bike that was purchased is listed at $1,316.69 on americanqualityhealthproducts.com), so it’s really a huge donation.” (The Morning Journal).
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When a child gets his or her first tooth, it is a good time to consider making an appointment with a pediatric dentist. From the first baby tooth until the last of the adult teeth come in, a pediatric dentist understands the unique needs of children as they grow. Consider some of the top reasons to visit a Pediatric Dentist Homewood patients and parents recommend.
Establish a Routine of Good Dental Hygiene
Taking a child to a pediatric dentist at a young age teaches them positive habits that last a lifetime. They also learn a dentist is there to help them, which eliminates the fear sometimes associated with going for dental visits. As the child grows into adulthood, they will realize the need to continue to get treatment from a dentist.
Learn How to Fight Tooth Decay
Learning how to combat childrens tooth decay is another good reason to visit a pediatric dentist. The dental staff teaches children the proper way to brush and floss their teeth. They learn how important it is to brush and floss properly each day. Children be professional cleanings to keep their teeth clean and bright. They discover how good it feels to maintain good oral hygiene.
Take Care of Minor Issues Before They Become Major Problems
Even with good oral hygiene, certain dental issues may arise. It is better to detect a cavity in its early stages, before the tooth decay gets more advanced. Sometimes a child experiences a trauma from falling or having a tooth hit. These issues should be addressed immediately by a pediatric dentist.
Proper Diet and Dentistry
A young person also learns the connection between proper diet and his or her dental health. Vitamins and minerals help build strong bones and teeth. Eating sweets can lead to tooth decay. A dentist provides meaningful information to teach children about the right and wrong foods to eat for optimum dental health. A pediatric dentist also knows how to work with special needs patients.
Schedule an appointment with a pediatric dentist before your child's first birthday and continue to teach them positive dental hygiene habits throughout their teen years.
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So I’m an aero geek; always have been, always will be. But with SpaceX’s latest big update, I have to say that I absolutely can’t wait to see the first Falcon9 launch.
For background, Falcon 9 can lift just over 10,000kg to Low Earth Orbit. The future Falcon 9 Heavy (which is the standard Falcon 9 with two additional Falcon 9 1st stages bolted on for a total of 27 engines at the start) will be able to lift 29,610kg to Low Earth Orbit!
To put that in relative terms, here is what other rockets/systems can lift to LEO:
- Apollo: 118,000kg
- Space Shuttle: 24,400kg
- Delta IV Heavy: 22,950kg
In other words, this small, entrepreneurial rocket company that was founded less than ten years ago is building some of the biggest rockets around.
But enough of that… let’s get to the pictures! (Which are all from the SpaceX updates page here.)
The nine engines of the Falcon 9 first stage:
The assembled Falcon 9 first stage engines & thrust assembly (at 17,000lbs this is over half the weight of the unfueled rocket):
The first stage engines getting ready for shipping:
The Dragon capsule, which sits at the top of the rocket for Space Station resupply missions:
The full rocket, on the launch platform at Cape Canaveral:
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"Don't let go, now!"
- Bertha Jorkins
Voldemort again attempts to kill Harry but their spells clash, shades of Voldemort’s victims emerge from his wand, and Harry escapes through the Portkey.
Calendar and Dates
This chapter takes place immediately after end of the preceding chapter.
Interesting facts and notes
And now another head was emerging from the tip of Voldemort's wand...and Harry knew when he saw it who it would be...
But who is it? In the first edition, the next sequence is the infamous "wand order error" (see Edits and Changes to the Text).
Exceptional character moments
Harry's determination to go down fighting even though he accepts the situation as hopeless.
Voldemort's classic villain reaction: "Stand aside! I will kill him! He is mine!"
And as he heard Voldemort draw nearer still, he knew one thing only, and it was beyond fear or reason: He was not going to die crouching like a child playing hide-and-seek; he was not going to die kneeling at Voldemort's feet...he was going to die upright like his father, and he was going to die trying to defend himself, even if no defense was possible...
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If your Start menu is corrupted, you can try to fix it by following these steps:
Open the Settings app on your computer.
Click System and Security.
Under System, click Restart.
On the screen that pops up, select Troubleshoot.
Click Advanced options.
Under Startup, click Restart now.
The easiest way to re-register the Start menu in Windows 10 is to open the Settings app and head to System. From here, you can click on “Start” and then select “Customize Start.” From here, you’ll be able to select which items from the old Start menu you’d like to see in the new one, as well as add any new items that you might want.
To open Settings without the Start menu, you can use one of the following methods:
-Press the Windows key and type “settings” (without the quotation marks).
-Press the Windows key and type “control panel” (without the quotation marks).
-Open the Start menu, click on Settings, and then click on Control Panel.
There are a few ways to fix explorer.exe not being registered:
1) Run regedit and open the “HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon” registry key. If there is a value named “Explorer” with a value of “0”, change the value to “1”.
2) Run the chkdsk utility from the command prompt.
To reinstall ShellExperienceHost, you will need to uninstall it first and then reinstall it. To uninstall ShellExperienceHost, follow these steps:
-Open the Control Panel.
-Click on Programs and Features.
-Select ShellExperienceHost from the list of programs.
-Click on the Uninstall button.
-Confirm your uninstall by clicking on the Yes button.
There are a few ways to enable a disabled key on your keyboard. The easiest way is to go to the Control Panel, click on Keyboard, and then find the Disabled Keys option. You can also use a software program like Keyboard Maestro or AutoHotkey to enable or disable keys on a per-application basis.
To activate Windows key, you can press the Windows key + C keyboard shortcut.
There are a few reasons why your Windows key might be disabled. One possibility is that you accidentally hit the Windows key while pressing another key, such as the Delete key. If this happens, Windows will disable the Windows key so you can’t accidentally activate it. Another possibility is that you’ve installed a keyboard extension that conflicts with the Windows key.
To restore Explorer EXE, boot your computer into Safe Mode with Networking and then use the following steps:
Open the Start menu and click on “All Programs”.
Click on “Microsoft Windows Explorer”.
Right-click on the “Explorer.exe” file and select “Properties”.
In the “General” tab, click on the “Restore” button.
Get AppXPackage is a command-line tool that allows you to get the package contents of an app from the App Store.
One common reason for the Start menu not working is that the system cannot find the program or files it was designed to open. This can be caused by missing or corrupted files, damaged registry entries, or incorrect settings in the Windows Registry.
There are a few reasons why your Start button might not be working on your Windows computer. One possibility is that you may have accidentally disabled it in the settings of your computer. To check if this is the case, open the Settings app on your computer and look for an option called “Start.” If it’s not present, you may have to enable it by clicking on the “Start” button in the lower-left corner of the screen and selecting “Settings.
If you have a Windows 10 home edition disk, you can use the Media Creation Tool to create a new installation disk. If you don’t have a Windows 10 home edition disk, you can use the Windows 10 installation media to install Windows 10.
To re-register Explorer EXE, follow these steps:
Open “explorer.exe” in Windows 10 or 8.1.
Click on the “File” menu and select “Properties”.
In the “General” tab, click on the “Uninstall/Reinstall” button.
Enter your product key and click on the “OK” button.
There are a few ways to fix Start menu not working on your PC. One way is to try reinstalling the operating system. Another way is to try updating the operating system. You can also try uninstalling and reinstalling the Start menu program from Control Panel.
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Thank you for helping us by reporting bad content.
BANPO bridge, fountain framed by "Moon Rainbow" - one of the new attractions of Seoul - South Korean capital. Every minute, a fountain emits 190 tons of water. This building has fallen into the Guinness World Records as the longest bridge-fountain in the world: its length is 1140 meters.
*Photos do not belong to me.
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Republicans in the House of Representatives Saturday announced they would vote on a plan to fund the government through December 15th and delay the Affordable Care Act for one year.
The bill, at odds with the Senate continuing resolution, almost certainly means the government is headed for a shutdown.
The GOP's bill, as announced by Speaker John Boehner, R-Ohio, also includes a provision that ensures members of the military will get paid, even if the shutdown occurs. It also includes a permanent repeal of the Affordable Care Act's medical device tax.
The bill, which will likely pass the Republican-controlled House Saturday afternoon, will also certainly fail in the Senate -- and be vetoed by the president.
House Republican leaders, including Boehner, Majority Leader Eric Cantor, R-Va., Majority Whip Kevin McCarthy, R-Calif., and GOP Conference Chair Cathy McMorris Rodgers, R-Wa., released the following joint statement:
“The American people don’t want a government shut down and they don’t want ObamaCare. That’s why later today, the House will vote on two amendments to the Senate-passed continuing resolution that will keep the government open and stop as much of the president’s health care law as possible.
“The first amendment delays the president’s health care law by one year. And the second permanently repeals ObamaCare’s medical device tax that is sending jobs overseas.
“Both of these amendments will change the date of the Senate CR to December 15th. We will also vote on a measure that ensures our troops get paid, no matter what.
“We will do our job and send this bill over, and then it’s up to the Senate to pass it and stop a government shutdown.”
Unless one side blinks -- and President Barack Obama has indicated he won't budge -- the non-essential government operations will shutter beginning Tuesday, October 1.
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If your computer contains sensitive information, keep prying eyes away by restricting who is allowed to log on to your computer at startup. This can be particularly beneficial if you have a business with employees and multiple computers. The easiest way to restrict access at startup on Windows XP is to implement a user account system with password protection. This entails assigning your employees user account names and passwords that they must enter before they can gain access to a computer.
Create a New User Account
Click the “Start” button and “User Accounts.”
Click “Create a New Account” from the list of available tasks in the “Pick a Task” box.
Enter the username you’d like to use for the account. If you have an employee named Rufus, enter “Rufus,” for example. If you’re running a larger organization, consider using first and last names or employee numbers. Click “Next” when you’ve entered a username.
Click an account type, then click “Create Account.”
Assign an Account Password
Click “Start,” “User Accounts” and “Change an Account.”
Select the user account for which you’d like to assign a password, then click “Create/Change the Password.”
Enter a password in the provided field. A user now must enter this password in order to log on using this account at startup.
- Martin Poole/Stockbyte/Getty Images
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At high temperatures
Cooking meat in ovens set at high temperatures allows immediate protein coagulation and water
evaporation, which forms the crispy skin, substantial browning and flavour production will take place
on the meats surface. Heat will be transferred more quickly to the centre of the piece of meat, which
will reach a higher temperature during cooking and may risk to dry out. The meat will cook more
quickly but therefore be more likely to overcook.
Maillard reactions will be more pronounced in a traditional oven (which has dry air) compared to a
steam oven (humid air), yet so will the rate with which the meat dries out.
The oven door should not be opened because the volatile aromatic molecules that are produced
during roasting will be released, so more aromatic molecules will diffuse from the meat by diffusion.
High temperature roasting is more suited to smaller cuts of meat, which will be cooked before they
have enough time to dry out. The oven should preferably be pre-heated. The meat then takes less
time to reach the required temperature, so cooking time is further reduced and more juice is
The best compromise is to start the oven at a high temperature to encourage surface browning, and
then to finish the cooking at a lower temperature to cook the meat more slowly and prevent undesired
Steaming is a very efficient and quick way of transferring heat –...
Steaming is a very efficient and quick way of transferring heat – there is therefore a risk that the meat
will dry out very rapidly. It is thus only really suitable for thin tender cuts of meat that will cook quickly
at the centre before the outside has dried out too much. Thicker cuts to be steamed are often wrapped
in leaves to protect the surface from cooking so quickly.
III/II - 9 (of 9)
In pressure cookers, water boils at approximately 130 °C. This greatly increases heat transfer, and
therefore cooking time, and allows the collagen-gelatine conversion to occur much more rapidly.
Cooking times are much shorter, and this easily leads to over-cooking. Meat cooked in a pressure
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PI: Andrei Tokovinin, NOAO, firstname.lastname@example.org
Address: CTIO, Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, La Serena, Chile
Title: Complete census of wide companions to nearby stars
Abstract: Many potential binary companions to nearby stars are found in the 2MASS survey, but most of them are chance projections. The status of 45 companion candidates within 30 arcsec from a carefully selected large sample of nearby solar-type dwarfs (including many targets of exo-planet search) will be determined by a 2-nd epoch imagery at the 1.3-m telescope. This is a continuation of the successful program carried out in 2010A which has increased the number of known visual companions by 55% (47 discoveries, including 15 new triples) and enabled a robust estimate of the companion fraction and mass-ratio distribution in the separation range from 500 to 1000 AU. However, only part of the sky was covered in 2010A. The aim of this project is to contribute to the multiplicity statistics in the full range of periods (complementing radial velocities and adaptive optics) and to provide reference data for the binary-formation theories.
National Optical Astronomy Observatory, 950 North Cherry Avenue, P.O. Box 26732, Tucson, Arizona 85726, Phone: (520) 318-8000, Fax: (520) 318-8360
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Interestingly, Reinhart does not denounce this new tax. Financial repression is an expedient way of reducing debt, she says. For banks as well as the government, debt overhang is a major economic problem. But every tax has costs, including distortionary effects. Because financial repression punishes savers, its unknown to what degree it inhibits savings. What is clear is that all the elements are in place for more financial repression in the U.S. In the wake of Dodd-Frank, public sentiment is moving against laissez-faire capitalism. Reinharts advice for pension funds facing this potential onslaught is simple: I think awareness is the first step to being able to do something about it.
Financial repression arrives not with a bang but with a whisper. It is a very stealthy tax, says economist Carmen Reinhart of the Peterson Institute for International Economics. Reinhart is the toast of economic circles these days for speaking out about the newest way Western governments are using financial repression to liquidate their debts, particularly after a financial crisis. Theyre doing this on the backs of savers, including pension funds, according to economists. In practice, financial repression can lead to the rape and plunder of pension funds, Reinhart tells Institutional Investor. Financial repression consists of very low nominal interest rates combined with captive lending by large banks or pension funds to a government. The low, stable interest rate facilitates the servicing costs of large public debts. Sometimes modest inflation is added to the mix. This results in zero to negative real interest rates that reduce government debt. Hence, broadly defined, financial repression is a wealth transfer from savers to debtors using negative real interest rates with the government as one of the key debtors. Financial repression is manifesting itself right now, says Reinhart, who works at the nonpartisan Washington-based research institute chaired by Pete Peterson, co-founder of Blackstone Group. Low interest rates are a fact of postcrash economic life, designed to kick-start greater borrowing. However, these rates tend to be combined with regulatory measures that give preferential treatment to holders of government debt. Reinhart outlined examples in her recent paper Financial Repression Redux, written with Peterson Institute colleagues Jacob Kirkegaard and M. Belen Sbrancia. The authors assert that governments in France, Ireland, Japan, Portugal, Spain and the U.S. are taking steps to create captive markets for their debt. The subtle, perhaps unnoticed result is a new form of taxation: financial repression.
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|
The Louisiana legislature won’t adjourn until 06 June, so it’s still a boiling cauldron of creationist madness.
Representative Frank A. Hoffmann, whose page at the legislature’s website gives his occupation as “Retired – Ouachita Parish school system, assistant superintendent,” has introduced HB 116. This isn’t breaking news; his bill was pre-filed back in March, but it’s just come to our attention.
The bill was referred to the House Committee on Education in April and it was passed by that committee on 01 May. Now it’s scheduled for debate by the House on 13 May. The thing is 8 pages long. It adds to and deletes from an existing statute about public school textbooks; and it changes the functions of the State Board of Elementary and Secondary Education (BESE).
The bill removes BESE’s state-wide power to adopt textbooks, and it adds a provision saying that BESE can’t require “specific textbooks or other instructional materials that are to be purchased or used” by local school boards. Each local school board will be able to select its own textbooks and materials.
Ah, we see that one of you has a question. Okay, go ahead. You ask: Is this about creationism?
Oh, how cynical you are! Why would anyone suspect such a thing? Have you no confidence in the integrity of the Louisiana legislature? All right — if it will put your suspicious mind to rest, we’ll look around a bit.
Rep. Frank Hoffmann, R-West Monroe, said Friday his bill to give local school districts more flexibility in selecting textbooks has been wrongfully characterized as being about teaching creationism in the classroom.
Shocking! It seems there are others who are suspicious of Hoffmann’s bill. The news story continues:
The bill shifts responsibility for selecting classroom textbooks from the state Department of Education to local school districts. Hoffman says local districts should be allowed to choose whatever materials they think will help them best educate their students and to help them reach the state’s achievement goals.
Nothing there but apple pie, right? Let’s read on:
Attorney and American Civil Liberties Union member Charles Kincade said Hoffmann’s bill does a disservice to taxpayers and students.
Troublemakers! We continue:
“Hoffmann continues to carry water for the Louisiana Family Forum, an out of the mainstream group that opposes the teaching of human evolution,” Kincade said. “It would lower standards, oversight and accountability. It would open the door to local boards to try to interject pseudoscience and creationism into the public classroom.”
Well! This is getting interesting. The Louisiana Family Forum is the flamingly creationist lobbying outfit responsible for passing (and then defending) the Louisiana Science Education Act. Here’s more:
This is not the first time that Hoffman has tried a similar bill. An attempt failed last year in the Senate. “We were accused of trying to teach some things in the science area,” he said of last year’s bill. “That’s not what this is about.”
Your Curmudgeon, for one, believes the honorable lawmaker. We’ve been told over and over again that creationism is the only path to logic and truth and morality. Therefore, even if Hoffmann were a creationist, why would he lie about his noble intent to promote creationism? As the creationists say: What is he afraid of?
While you’re pondering that cosmic dilemma, we’ll move on. The story ends with this:
Hoffmann is assistant superintendent of Ouachita Parish Schools, which has used the Holy Bible as the basis for elective courses.
Okay, dear reader, who (yeah, we know, it should be whom) are you going to believe — a Louisiana legislator or the ACLU? To help you decide, we kept looking for information. We found an editorial in The Town Talk of Alexandria, Louisiana, titled Teach Louisiana students standard science from standard texts. It says:
Without knowing the background, there is no apparent reason to object to a bill in the Louisiana Legislature that would give school districts more freedom to choose textbooks. Unless you remember that the sponsor of House Bill 116, Rep. Frank Hoffman, R-West Monroe, has a history of opposition to standard science textbooks.
After giving us a bit of Hoffman’s shady legislative history, they tell us:
These latter-day flat-earthers push “alternatives” to evolution — a thinly veiled effort to introduce into public-school classrooms, and substitute for evolutionary science’s discoveries, the Bible’s story of Genesis.
Strong stuff. You’ll want to read it for yourselves, so we’ll skip most of it. The editorial concludes with this:
Hasn’t Louisiana been embarrassed enough by creationism and its successive versions intended to be more politically sellable? We urge lawmakers to reject H.B. 116 and other efforts to push political and religious agendas in science education.
So there you are. It seems there’s always monkey business in Louisiana.
Update — it passed in the House: Louisiana: Still More Creationist Madness.
Copyright © 2013. The Sensuous Curmudgeon. All rights reserved.
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Born in Cumbria, Philipson moved to Scotland with his family when he was fourteen. He studied at Edinburgh College of Art, where he joined the teaching staff in 1947 and taught until his retirement in 1982. His early work - mainly landscapes, still lifes and interiors - was strongly influenced by Kokoschka, whose painting ‘Zrání’ Philipson had studied at length. Later in the 1950s he became interested in the work of the American Abstract Expressionists. He became particularly well known for his paintings of cock fights, which helped to establish his reputation as a painter. Philipson’s paintings were notable for their energy and use of rich, jewel-like colour. His diverse subjects included catherdral interiors, soldiers, exotic wild animals and poppies.
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| 0.99449
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Unit 7: Animals Form and Function
Time Line: 6 Weeks
1. Distinguish the characteristics of animals from other organisms.
2. Analyze the phylogeny of the animal kingdom.
3. Evaluate the characteristics of the animal phyla from Porifera to Arthropoda.
4. Derive an understanding of the characteristics of the phylum chordata.
5. Compare and contrast the characteristics of the seven classes of vertebrates
6. Analyze the form and function of animal tissue.
7. Analyze the form and function of the organs of the mammalian digestive system.
8. Identify and evaluate human nutritional needs and be able to analyze a nutritional label on packaged foods.
9. Develop a working knowledge of the human circulatory system.
10. Evaluate the form and function of the human respiratory system.
11. Differentiate between the non-specific and specific defense mechanisms of the human immune system.
12. Develop a working knowledge of the human kidney.
13. Develop a working knowledge of the human endocrine system and its affect in the body.
14. Analyze the form and function of the human reproductive system.
15. Develop a working knowledge of vertebrate embryonic development
16. Apply the forms of animal behavior to various situations.
1. Teacher worksheet: On the phylogeny of the animals. Chart to be completed covering all animal phyla subdivided based on Tissue composition, symmetry, development of the coelom, and development of blastocoel. Objectives: 1 and 2. Worksheet
2. Teacher Lab: A series of short papers on the characteristics of of each of the invertebrate phyla. Guided Practice Objective: 3.
3. Summative exercise: Construction of a flow chart comparing and contrasting the invertebrate systems. Objective 3.
4. Teacher Lab: A series of short papers on the characteristics of each class of vertebrates. Guided Practice. Objectives: 4 and 5.
5. Teacher Lab: Compare and contrast the 4 groups of human tissue. Prepared slides of assorted tissue and the compound microscope. Guided Practice. Objective: 6.
6. Worksheet: Form and function of the human digestive system. Students are to trace the digestion of a meal through the human alimentary canal. Independent Practice, Objectives: 7 and 8.
7. A P Lab # 10, Circulation. Objective: 9.
8. Teacher Demonstration: How the Lungs fill and empty its air. Objective: 10.
9. Teacher worksheet: Compare and contrast the specific and non-specific defense mechanisms. Objective: 11.
10. Teacher Lab: Fetal Pig Dissection. Objectives: 7,9,10,11,12,13, and 14.
11. A P Lab # 11, Behavior Habitat Selection. Objectives 15 and 16.
1. A P Labs are summative.
2. Major tests are summative and will follow the A P test format.
3. Fetal Pig Dissection is summative.
4. The flow chart on invertebrate characteristics is summative.
5. Teacher labs are formative.
6. Pop quizzes are formative and will not count in final grade.
1. A P Biology Laboratory Manual, The College Board and Educational Service, Form C, 1992.
2. Biology Fourth Edition, Neil Campbell, Obj. 1, Pp. 603-04; Obj.
2, Pp. 604-07; Obj. 3, Pp. 607-34; Obj. 4, Pp. 641-45; Obj. 5, Pp.
645-64; Obj. 6, Pp. 782-88; Obj. 7, Pp. 798-806; Obj. 8, Pp. 807-
814; Obj. 9, Pp. 813-27; Obj. 10, Pp. 827-38; Obj. 11, Pp. 849-66
Obj. 12, Pp. 882-92; Obj. 13, Pp. 916-27; Obj. 14, Pp. 936-52;
Obj. 15, Pp. 959-61; Obj. 16, Pp. 1139-1162.
3. The Biology Problem Solver, Research and Education Assoc.,
Pp. 326-414; 418-567; 661-751; 996-1022.
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Anthrax drill shows weaknesses, officials say
From Suzanne Malveaux
CNN Washington Bureau
Holes were exposed and lessons were learned by the exercise, say officials.
WASHINGTON (CNN) -- A drill testing U.S. agencies' ability to distribute and administer antibiotics in the event of an anthrax attack found the federal government unable to respond quickly enough to prevent large numbers of deaths, officials said Sunday.
The simulation -- held in mid-November and dubbed Scarlet Cloud -- demonstrated that perhaps thousands of fatalities might have occurred had such a widespread attack been real, according to a Department of Homeland Security official.
"It's an exercise to find our weaknesses, our vulnerabilities," the official said. "We did. It showed us how to determine where to apply our different efforts and energies.
"The drill showed we are much better at protecting Americans from an anthrax attack than we were two years ago or before September 11."
The two-day classified drill involved simulating the simultaneous release of anthrax in different types of aerosols in several American cities, said the officials, who declined to identify which locations were involved.
Homeland Security Secretary Tom Ridge, Transportation Secretary Norman Mineta and John Gordon, the head of the White House's Homeland Security Council, oversaw the exercise, the official said. Health and Human Services Secretary Tommy Thompson also was to participate but was involved in interviews regarding the flu outbreaks.
The Department of Homeland Security will take measures to make the antibiotic supply chain more efficient and improve the coordination of national disaster medical teams as a result of the drill, the department official said.
There is no plan to declassify any portion of Scarlet Cloud's results since it was done on the federal level and did not involve local or state agencies, the official said.
The drill was described as a routine exercise, part of a series of tests that the Department of Homeland Security will be conducting with other federal agencies to test vulnerabilities in protecting the country, the official said.
The drill comes two years after the anthrax-laced letter attacks that killed five people in the United States.
No one has been arrested in connection with the case.
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|
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|
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| 0.971385
| 436
| 2.046875
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Eminent intellectual seers have paid glorious tributes to the immortal messages conveyed by our sages, saints and noble leaders. Ever relevant to humans of all ages and parts of the universe. Let us resurrect and recall a miniscule thereof.
There is this immaculate discussions in Brhadaranyaka Upinshad between Yajnavalkya and his enlightened spouse, Maitereyi, the symbol of enlightened Bharatiya womanhood. Maitereyi seeks information from him specifically on that, which would confer immorility since wealth would not bestow that. The sage is elated by that sprightly question and more so since that issue of prime wisdom had come up for clarification from his own endearing, matchless spouse. One of the clssical Carnatic Trinity,Sri Mathuswami Diksitar specifically felt happy in eulogizing the intimacy between the Lord and Devi. One could find a reflection of the same ennobling appreciation in the adress of the saint to his beloved wife. He asks her to sit down and concentrate.
He clarifies further that a particular beat of drum, the instrument of percussion, present its effect and beauty only in the context of the full and genral note and that it is so in respect of musical sounds and others too. That saintly Prince of Bharatya intellectual eminence requisitions parallels from the melody since that would be close to the heart of his wonderful spouse. Isolated drum stroke or thesolitary musical note would not provide the intend full thrill to appriciate assimilate. They lend themselves to comprehension and appriciation only in the context of the full set of the notes. The inter se wisdom soaked conversation pass on to the reader too. The special intrest shown on this issue by the respected lady is significant, especially in the context of her spurning wealth for its incapability to confer immorality. She cares for the ultimate, assured dividend and not the ephermeral joy of possessing riches, as common humans are apt to believe. This has a lesson not to be missed particularly in the present envoirment, which is slowly into the vitals of the sane andsaltuary principles of Bharatiya culture and religion.
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Common Sports-Related Head Injuries
Experiencing a traumatic brain injury while participating in sports can be devastating, leaving survivors and their families to deal with medical, financial, and legal issues.
If you or a loved one has sustained a head or brain injury while participating in sports, you might be entitled to compensation.
To find out whether you qualify to engage in a sports head injury case, contact a Seattle head injury attorney today.
Athletes may suffer from traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) and head trauma in a number of ways. A traumatic brain injury is caused by a serious blow or jolt to the head or body that causes the brain’s normal functioning to be disrupted.
An item entering the brain’s tissue may also cause traumatic brain injury. TBI symptoms range from mild to severe, depending on the degree of brain injury. You should talk to Seattle sports injury attorneys if you’ve had that experience.
Most Common Sports-related Head Injuries
In sports, concussions are the most common traumatic brain injury. In the United States, between 1.6 million and 3.8 million sports-related concussions occur each year.
A concussion can occur in sports as a result of players colliding, a player falling and hitting his or her head, a piece of equipment striking a player’s head, or even soccer headers.
Concussions affect a person’s emotional state and can cause the brain’s normal functioning to be disrupted. Athletes who sustain multiple concussions are at risk of long-term, chronic damage.
When a player suffers a concussion, it’s important to grade the injury so that he or she doesn’t play when they shouldn’t. The severity of a concussion is determined by:
- Consciousness loss (presence or absence)
- The length of time you were unconscious
- Maintain memory loss after a traumatic event
Symptoms such as dizziness, headaches, or failure to focus persist. If you believe that you’ve been forced to play with an injury not graded properly, contact Seattle sports injury lawyers.
A contusion is a bruising of the brain caused by a blow to the head. Brain contusions can happen right at the point of impact, called a coup contusion, or on the opposite side, called a contrecoup contusion, and a Seattle brain injury lawyer can help investigate your injury.
A hematoma is a blood clot on the brain caused by ruptured blood vessels in the brain. Hematomas can affect the Dura, the Dura lining, and the deep tissues of the brain.
Hematoma clots can press against the brain, causing confusion, seizures, and loss of consciousness.
Fractures of the Skull
A skull fracture occurs when the bones that cover the brain crack. The magnitude of the fracture is determined by the form and position of the fracture.
It is less likely that brain injury will occur if the skull bones split but stay in place. However, bone fragments can cut into the brain, causing bleeding and serious brain damage, and you might need to speak with a Seattle head injury lawyer if this occurs.
How Do I Handle a Sports Head Injury?
If you suspect you or someone else has suffered a concussion or a sports-related head injury, stop playing. Tell a coach what happened and that you or the other person may be hurt, and then seek medical help.
If you’re on a squad, request to be removed from the game. Notify the referee or the player’s coach if you see a teammate or player on the opposing team showing signs of confusion or lack of coordination.
If you’re coaching a team and find a player who may have a brain injury, pull them out of the game and make sure they get the medical care they need.
Contact a Seattle brain injury attorney at Albert Law PLLC if you or someone you know has sustained a traumatic sports-related injury so we can help you get the compensation you deserve.
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Speaking of Russia, according to the Wall Street Journal (subscription required), Campbell Soup is making a big push into both Russia and China. The company makes most of its money from the US and just a small amount of money overseas, which is not the best place to be if you want to ride the growing global economy.
According to the article, “Chinese and Russians eat soup more than five times a week, on average, compared with Americans’ once-a-week, Campbell says. In China, 320 billion bowls of soup are consumed each year, compared with 32 billion in Russia and just 14 billion in the U.S.”
Campbell took a crack at China in the 1990s but didn’t do well because it made no effort to localize the product. Campbell is not alone in this regard; see my post on Disney.
For Russia, Campbell has invested in learning all about how the locals make and view soup. For starters, the company has learned that Russians have created unique words specifically to describe soup, such as navaristy. Says the article, navaristy “refers to a thick, heavy soup like the ones Campbell plans to sell in Russia: a beef broth with pieces of meat, onions and potatoes; a chicken broth with chicken, onions and potatoes; and a mushroom soup with large pieces of mushrooms, onions and seasonings.”
I checked to see if Campbell had a Russian Web site in place. Nothing so far that I could find. What’s worse, it appears that www.campbellsoup.ru has been taken by a squatter.
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Main Article Content
In this work copper nanopowder was created at different liquid
medias like DDDW, ethylene glycol and Polyvinylpyrrolidone
(PVP). Copper nanopowder prepared using explosion wire process
and investigated the effects of the exploding energy, wire diameter,
the type of liquid on the particle size, and the particles size
distribution. The nanoparticles are characterized by x-ray diffraction,
UV-visible absorption spectroscopy and transmission electron
microscopy (TEM). The x-ray diffraction results reveal that the
nanoparticles continue to routine lattice periodicity at reduced
particle size. The UV-Visible absorption spectrum of liquid solution
for copper nanoparticles shows sharp and single surface Plasmon
resonance (SPR) peak centered at a wavelength of 590 nm in
ethylene glycol media, but don’t have peak in PVP fluid. This peak
indicated the production of pure and spherical copper nanoparticle.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work’s authorship and initial publication in this journal.
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Senator Richard Shelby (R-AL) has asked the Federal Reserve Board to provide the analysis used to determine that the proposed regulations implementing the Basel III Accord would leave the banking system adequately capitalized. In a letter to the Fed, he also asked the Board to provide a quantitative analysis of how the proposal will affect the capitalization levels of US banks by size and asset class. The Ranking Member of the Senate Banking Committee also requested that the Fed provide a cost-benefit analysis of the impact these rules would have on both the
banking system and the overall
By omitting key data from this important rulemaking, he noted, the Fed is preventing public understanding of the impact of the rules and undermining the ability of Congress to hold federal agencies accountable for the regulations they promulgate. Senator Shelby emphasized that it is imperative that Congress and the public have the information they need to independently assess the proposed regulations before they are adopted.
While reaffirming his belief that strong capital requirements are essential to safety and soundness, Senator Shelby said that the proposal fails to explain how the Basel III Accord is appropriate for the
system and how the agencies calibrated Basel III for domestic financial
institutions. Although he agrees with the Fed’s assertion that the financial
crisis showed that the amount of high-quality capital held by banks globally
was insufficient to absorb losses during the financial crisis, the Senator said
that the proposed regulations do not explain why Basel III will ensure the
adequate capitalization of the US
banking system. US
The Senator also strongly believes in transparent cost-benefit analysis in the federal rulemaking process to ensure full disclosure of the impact of new regulations. In that regard, the proposal implementing Basel III fails to explain with the requisite specificity the impact of the proposed regulations on the banking system and the overall economy. He asked the Fed to provide Congress with a cost-benefit analysis estimating how existing capitalization levels will change, the cost of complying with the rules and their aggregate impact on the economy.
While the banking agencies said that they conducted an impact analysis using bank regulatory input data, and made assumptions when such data was unavailable, noted the Senator, such assumptions and the underlying data were not disclosed. Essentially, the banking agencies have proposed regulations based in large part on a global quantitative impact study using non-public data and relying on non-public assumptions. More transparency is needed in this process, concluded the Senator, adding that such a cloistered approach to rulemaking is inconsistent with
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In the pretty town of Seydisfjordur the multi-colored wooden houses are sheltered by a jaw-dropping backdrop of snowcapped mountains and tumbling waterfalls. Seydisfjordur started out in 1848 as a trading center for foreign merchants, fishermen and whalers, but its wealth came from herring– with its long, sheltered fjord giving it an advantage over other fishing villages.
The picturesque 19th-century timber buildings seen throughout the village were imported in kit-form from Norway during the herring boom. The most prominent of these buildings is the pretty Blue Church which is home to a popular series of jazz, classical and folk music concerts offered in mid-summer. The friendly community is a draw for artists, musicians and craftspeople from all over the country and shopping in the area for local handicrafts is a rewarding treat.
Hiking opportunities abound in the lush green hills that tower over the fjord as well as mountain biking, camping and sea kayaking. Just east of Seydisfjordur is the remote farm of Skalanes, a wonderful private nature reserve which showcases the incredible flora and fauna, ecosystems and settlement history of the reserve. The stunningly beautiful coastal cliffs are home to a mind-boggling array of seabirds, including eider ducks and Iceland’s famous puffins.
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This is a site of the Sanrizuka commemoration park near Narita Airport. It is the Imperial Stock Farm memorial hall that is back visible. This was the farm and pasture in Japan which produces the agricultural products which the start of Meiji Era is established and are used in the Imperial Household. It is consistent from the beginning and organic farming is performed. The Imperial Stock Farm began production of horse riding for the Imperial Households, produced breeding management of various livestock and domestic fowls, milk, meat, an egg of the Imperial Household and guests for inside-and-outside guest, and was used also as a place of diplomatic corps's in Japan treatment. The pasture relocated to Takanezawamachi, Shioya-gun, Tochigi-ken in connection with the Narita International Airport building program in 1969 now. And the part is opened wide by citizens as a commemoration park. Fallen leaves spread in the site so that deepening of autumn might be shown, and in front of the memorial hall, the small children by whom it was accompanied to the mother were picking up fallen-leaves.
Critiques | Translate
ikeharel (76167) 2014-04-18 3:55
First noticed that the mild light created an undersaturated image, and that's easy to add.
I can post a WS with my saturated vesion - but only if you allow me.
Nevertheless, those kids play in front of the entrance, made a marvelous scene, and applied good depth on.
Have a nice weekend,
pajaran (64428) 2014-04-18 7:04
Interesantan i dobar tekst o mestu sa opisom, lep pogled i trenutak ...
Dobar trenutak snimka, kontrast i perspektiva, lepo pokazano mesto i trenutak sa gospodjom i decom, lepe boje.
Dobar rad i kompozicija, lepo uhvacen trenutak.
Sve najbolje za vikend, srecno.
An interesting and good article on the place with a description , a nice view and a second ...
Good time recording , contrast and perspective , nice place and shown the moment the ladies and children, beautiful colors .
Good work and composition , well captured moment .
All the best for the weekend , good luck.
holmertz (57405) 2014-04-18 7:11
I like the mild colours of this photo which was probably taken on a cloudy day. There are very fine tones of grey and light brown found on the ground, in the trees and also in the persons' clothes. I also like the calm and quiet atmosphere among the children playing. You composed this very well from a slight distance and it is also a perfectly exposed photo.
photoray (13981) 2014-04-18 7:16
Interesting view with golden brown leaves scattered on the gray pebble foreground, then the Mother with children collecting them, center of green shrubs, and light grey house blending in the background. Peaceful scene and the opposite of current Spring time.
Thanks for sharing,
saxo042 (37966) 2014-04-18 8:03
An good picture of daily life, an interesting snapshot with a pleasant atmosphere. Good colours and a good note!
jhm (157932) 2014-04-19 0:51
The autumn can are a nice time of the year, but here see we not the autumn colours.
But played children, this is a lot better that before the PC with games.
Perspective and depth make these picture very well.
Sharpness and clarity make these picture attractive.
Excellent composition and nice presentation.
Very well done, TFS.
Have a nice weekend,
abmdsudi (57168) 2014-04-20 17:15
Lovely soft muted autumn colours and light, the low viewpoint takes the eyes to the backdrop and human interest. The attractive building and foreground fallen leaves add some interest and element into the shot with green adds bit of spark as effective contrasting colours. A shot evoking a sense of stillness and peace. Wonderful well balanced composition nicely taken, Congrats
mcmtanyel (26994) 2014-04-21 21:16
This is a very powerful composition. I like the slightly imperfect symmetry. It's a very pleasant photo, TFS.
nikkitta (17068) 2014-04-23 12:44
I understand your point of view after reading the note, lot of space at the front
Well composed capture where I mostley enjoy the activity of people and children at the back
Regards, well done
- Copyright: mikio kato (kato) (11630)
- Genre: Places
- Medium: Color
- Date Taken: 2007-10-14
- Categories: Daily Life, Architecture
- Camera: Canon IXY DIGITAL 900 IS
- Exposure: f/5.8, 1/100 seconds
- More Photo Info: view
- Photo Version: Original Version
- Date Submitted: 2014-04-18 1:19
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Diagnostic Imaging Services Market Overview
Diagnostic imaging is a process of imaging human body with the help of various imaging services. These services includes several technologies, techniques, and equipments to monitor, diagnose, screen, and treat medical conditions for effective medical intervention.
Diagnostic imaging has improved the ability of doctors to treat, diagnose, and detect an injury or disease precisely at an initial stage. In addition, diagnostic imaging services are used to provide information associated with a specific area of the body to be treated or studied.
Various advancements in imaging techniques in the field of modern medicine have facilitated the acquisition of information related to the human body for clinical interventions. In addition, advancement in imaging provides physicians with new tools to improve care in innovative ways. Increasing prevalence of chronic diseases across globe and growing demand for its diagnosis has encouraged diagnostic imaging companies to develop new and improve the existing services.
Diagnostic Imaging Services Market: Drivers and Restraints
Increasing geriatric population and prevalence of chronic diseases, rising awareness for early diagnosis of diseases, technological advancement, widening application of diagnostic imaging devices, and increasing funding from government bodies are the factors to fuelling growth of diagnostic imaging services market.
However, increased risk of cancer owing to exposure to radiation, high cost of diagnostic procedures, and shortage of helium for magnetic resonance imaging systems are major concerns for the global diagnostic imaging services market.
Diagnostic Imaging Services Market: Market Overview
Research study conducted by WHO indicates that diagnostic imaging, especially, X-ray based examinations is crucial in variety of medical settings. Thus, X-ray segment of the global diagnostic imaging market is expected to have highest market share over the forecasted period.
Medical and clinical assessment can be done prior to prescribing the treatment, but diagnostic imaging services supports confirmation and correct assessment of disease in calculating responses to particular treatment. Effective and qualitative diagnostic imaging is important for making medical decisions.Thus, improved health care policy and increasing demand for global diagnostic imaging procedures will drive the global diagnostic imaging services market with significant CAGR over the forecasted period.
Diagnostic Imaging Services Market: Region-wise Outlook
Geographically, the global diagnostic imaging services market is classified into seven key regions namely, North America, Latin America, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Asia-Pacific Excluding Japan (APEJ), Japan, and Middle East & Africa (MEA). In the geographical perspective, North America is leading market for global diagnostic imaging services owing to rising prevalence of chronic diseases and injuries, and increase in geriatric population in the region.
In addition, APEJ is expected to show high growth rate in global diagnostic imaging services market owing to increasing familiarity among patients about several diagnostic procedures. The key driving forces fuelling growth of diagnostic imaging services market in developing countries like India and China are the large pool of patients, increasing awareness about the disease, improving healthcare infrastructure and rising government funding in the countries.
Diagnostic Imaging Services Market: Key Players
Key companies operational in global diagnostic imaging services market include Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Hitachi, Ltd., Carestream Health, TOSHIBA CORPORATION, Koninklijke Philips N.V., GE Healthcare, Hitachi Medical Corporation, Shimadzu Corporation, Fujifilm Corporation, Esaote SpA, Hologic, Inc. among others.
The report covers exhaustive analysis on
- Market Segments
- Market Dynamics
- Market Size
- Supply & Demand
- Current Trends/Issues/Challenges
- Competition & Companies involved
- Value Chain
Regional analysis includes
- North America (U.S., Canada)
- Latin America (Mexico, Brazil)
- Western Europe (Germany, Italy, U.K, Spain, France, Nordic countries, BENELUX)
- Eastern Europe (Russia, Rest Of Eastern Europe)
- Asia Pacific Excluding Japan (China, India, ASEAN, Australia & New Zealand)
- Middle East and Africa (GCC, S. Africa, N. Africa, Rest Of MEA)
The report is a compilation of first-hand information, qualitative and quantitative assessment by industry analysts, inputs from industry experts and industry participants across the value chain. The report provides in-depth analysis of parent market trends, macro-economic indicators and governing factors along with market attractiveness as per segments. The report also maps the qualitative impact of various market factors on market segments and geographies.
Diagnostic Imaging Services Market: Segmentation
The global diagnostic imaging market is segmented based on type of diagnostic imaging and its end use.
Based on diagnostic imaging, the global diagnostic imaging market is segmented into the following:
- Computed Tomography (CT)
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
- Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT)
- Position Emission Tomography (PET)
Based on end use, the global diagnostic imaging market is segmented into the following:
- Ambulatory Surgical Centers
- Diagnostic Imaging Laboratories
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In Beyond Science, Epoch Times explores research and accounts related to phenomena and theories that challenge our current knowledge. We delve into ideas that stimulate the imagination and open up new possibilities. Share your thoughts with us on these sometimes controversial topics in the comments section below.
Mermaids have been a subject of fascination for centuries. Cultures from all over the world, that had no contact with each other, have mermaids in their folklore, all with very similar descriptions. From these stories and modern movies everyone know what mermaids are, but few people have been able to provide evidence to testify to their existence. Skeptics are many, but there are also those who believe. For those intrigued by the question of whether or not mermaids exist, see below for a handful of documented mermaid sightings—then decide what you believe.
1. May 2013 – Kiryat Yam, Israel
Kiryat Yam is the only place in the world where a $1 million reward is up for grabs for the first person who can provide conclusive footage capturing a real mermaid. The local government has offered this reward in response to the numerous mermaid sightings there.
Allegedly there is a mermaid that appears sometimes at sunset. One of the first people to see the mermaid was Shlomo Cohen: “I was with friends when suddenly we saw a woman laying on the sand in a weird way. At first I thought she was just another sunbather, but when we approached she jumped into the water and disappeared. We were all in shock because we saw she had a tail,” Cohen was quoted as saying by Israel National News.
See the short clip featured below for a taste of what some are claiming to be a real mermaid caught on camera this year, at Kiryat Yam.
2. March 2013 – Greenland Sea
This year, on March 6, 2013, marine geologist, Dr. Torsten Schmidt, released extraordinary footage of what he believes to be a mermaid that he captured on camera during one of his deep-sea explorations.
Contracted by the Iceland GeoSurvey, Dr. Schmidt and his Danish team worked on “seismic mapping and sampling of the ocean floor” to locate promising sites for oil and natural gas reserves.
At nearly 3,000 ft (1,000m) below the ocean’s surface, Dr. Schmidt reported not only seeing some interesting phenomenon, but also hearing some remarkable things. After reporting to the Iceland GeoSurvey about the strange sounds he heard when he was scanning the ocean floor, he requested to undertake an investigation, which was declined.
“We were reminded of our confidentiality agreements. And we were told we could not share our recording with anyone else,” Dr. Schmidt told journalist Jon Frankel on Animal Planet’s documentary, “Mermaids: The New Evidence.”
Dr. Schmidt ended up conducting his own investigation where he “took down two cameras on every dive, just in case we see them.” Commenting on his footage, Dr. Schmidt said Jon Frankel, “well I looked at it, and knew I was looking into the face of another intelligent species, like us.”
3. 2012 – Zimbabwe, Africa
Mermaids have been sighted on a number of occasions in Zimbabwe. It’s claimed that efforts to complete the building of dams were delayed by mermaids. Apparently, mermaids had harassed the workers when installing water pumps. “All the officers I have sent have vowed not to go back there,” Minister Nkomo was reported as saying in Zimbabwe’s state-approved Herald newspaper.
“We even hired whites thinking that our boys did not want to work but they also returned saying they would not return to work there again,” Nkomo added.
4. August 1991 – South Africa
About 30 percent of the remains of an unknown, humanlike creature were found in the belly of a dead great white shark in Southern Africa. The body was then examined and it was determined to have hands and a humanoid skull. A stingray barb was left jammed in the shark’s jaws, and this is claimed to be a mermaid’s weapon.
5. 1967 – British Columbia, Canada
A sighting occurred when tourists who were on a ferry saw a woman with the tail of a dolphin. She was described as having beautiful blonde hair and was seen eating salmon. It was reported in the Times-Colonist newspaper and drew a lot of attention, but no one has since spotted it again.
6. 1943 – Kei Islands, Indonesia
In 1943, at the time of World War II, several mermaids were spotted by Japanese soldiers on the shores of the Kei Islands in Indonesia. They reported seeing them swimming in the water, and one on the beach. A description of the one sighted on the beach is as follows: roughly 4-foot 9-inches (150 cm) tall, pinkish skin, human looking face and limbs, spikes along its head, and a mouth like a carp.
When Sgt. Taro Horiba heard news of a dead mermaid that was washed up on the shore, he went to examine it. After seeing it with his own eyes he was convinced. After his return to Japan, he urged scientists to go and study such mermaids, however his claims were turned down as they didn’t believe him, hence no investigation was undertaken.
Locals refer to mermaids as Orang Ikan, or “fish people” in Malay. There have been several such sightings in the area, and apparently mermaids have been reportedly been caught in fishing nets on the odd occasion.
7. August 1886 – Cape Breton, Canada
This reported mermaid sighting from Canada in 1886 is quoted by zoologist Dr. Karl Shuker on his website. The report comes from the Cape Brooklyn Eagle newspaper in August, 1886.
“The fishermen of Gabarus, Cape Breton [an island off the coast of Nova Scotia, Canada], have been excited over the appearances of a mermaid, seen in the waters by some fishermen a few days ago. While Mr. Bagnall, accompanied by several fishermen, was out in a boat, they observed floating on the surface of the water a few yards from the boat what they supposed to be a corpse. Approaching it for the purpose of taking it ashore, they observed it to move, when to their great surprise, it turned around in a sitting position and looked at them and disappeared. A few moments after[,] it appeared on the surface and again looked toward them, after which it disappeared altogether. The face, head, shoulders and arms resembled those of a human being, but the lower extremities had the appearance of a fish. The back of its head was covered with long, dark hair resembling a horse’s mane. The arms were shaped like a human being’s, except that the fingers of one hand were very long. The color of the skin was not unlike that of a human being. There is no doubt, that the mysterious stranger is what is known as a mermaid, and the first one ever seen in Cape Breton waters.”
8. June 1737 – Spain
Shuker quotes another newspaper report from Daily Kennebec Journal of Augusta, Maine, 24 June 1873:
“About the same time [c.1737] a story came from Virgo, in Spain, to the effect that some fishermen on that coast had caught a sort of a merman, five feet and a half from head to foot. The head was like that of a goat, with a long beard and moustache, a black skin, somewhat hairy, a very long neck, short arms, hands longer than they ought to be in proportion, and long fingers, with nails like claws; webbed toes, and a fin at the lower part of the back.”
9. June 1608 – Henry Hudson Near Russia
Henry Hudson, explorer and discoverer of the Hudson River, records seeing a real mermaid near Russia. He wrote in his log: “Two crew members—Thomas Hilles and Robert Rayner—sighted a mermaid at 75° 7′ N, and shouted at the rest of the crew to come and look.” Hudson further recorded it as having a “tail of a porpoise and speckled like a mackerel.”
10. January 1493 – Christopher Columbus’s travels
Christopher Columbus has reported sighting mermaids whilst he was out at sea. He stated, “They were not as beautiful as they are painted, although to some extent they have a human appearance in the face….”
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We are going to Venice by the way of Cremona, and hope for amusement from external objects: let us at least not deserve or invite disappointment by seeking for pleasure beyond the limits of innocence.
FROM MILAN TO PADUA.
The first evening’s drive carried us no farther than Lodi, a place renowned through all Europe for its excellent cheese, as out well-known ballad bears testimony:
Let Lodi or Parmesan bring up the rear.
Those verses were imitated, I fancy, from a French song written by Monsieur des Yveteaux, of whose extraordinary life and death much has been said by his cotemporary wits, particularly how some of them found him playing at shepherd and shepherdess in his own garden with a pretty Savoyard wench, at seventy-eight years old, en habit de berger, avec un chapeau couleur de rose[Footnote: In a pastoral habit, and a hat turned up with pink], &c. when he shewed them the famous lines, Avoir peu de parens, moins de train que de rente, &c. which do certainly bear a very near affinity to our Old Man’s Wish, published in Dryden’s Miscellanies; who, among other luxuries, resolves to eat Lodi cheese, I remember.
The town, however, bringing no other ideas either new or old to our minds, we went to the opera, and heard Morichelli sing: after which they gave us a new dramatic dance, made upon the story of Don John, or the Libertine; a tale which, whether true or false, fact or fable, has furnished every Christian country in the world, I believe, with some subject of representation. It makes me no sport, however; the idea of an impenitent sinner going to hell is too seriously terrifying to make amusement out of. Let mythology, which is now grown good for little else, be danced upon the stage; where Mr. Vestris may bounce and struggle in the character of Alcides on his funeral pile, with no very glaring impropriety; and such baubles serve beside to keep old classical stories in the heads of our young people; who, if they must have torches to blaze in their eyes, may divert themselves with Pluto catching up Ceres’s daughter, and driving her away to Tartarus; but let Don John alone. I have at least half a notion that the horrible history is half true; if
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As you may have seen in the news last week, an additional mRNA booster has been recommended by the CDC and FDA for those over 50 years of age, and particularly for those 65 and older and those 50 and older with underlying health conditions that may increase their risk of severe disease. It also includes all adults who are immunocompromised, as well as those who received a primary J&J vaccination and booster dose. Folks in these categories would be eligible to receive an additional mRNA booster 4 months after the last vaccination.
So what to do?
While we know that the original booster continues to do a good job of preventing hospitalizations and death, there is some evidence that this protection wanes over time. Additionally, there is some evidence that indicates a 4th dose does provide additional protection, albeit not as much of a boost as the third dose.
Your decision to get this next booster, and when, may depend on your own health status as well as those around you, your risk of exposure, and the potential side effects you may experience for a few days after getting the vaccines.
The new variant of Omicron, BA.2, is even more transmissible but thankfully does not appear to be more severe. It has now become the predominant strain in the U.S. It is still unclear if this will cause another wave of infections, however. Hopefully, as things warm up here in New England, more people will be outside to minimize the extent of any surge in infections, but per usual, spring is slow to arrive! It is also expected that we’ll likely have another wave come the fall/winter.
I strongly recommend reading this blog post from Katelyn Jetelina, MPH, PhD. She lays it out very well, and it might help in your decision-making.
“Fourth Dose Q&A” – Blog Post by Katelyn Jetelina, MPH, PhD, “Your Local Epidemiologist,” 03/31/2022
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Education yourself about the collaborative divorce process. Go to www.iacp.com to learn more about collaborative divorce.
Look for resources in your local community. Ask your doctor, therapist, or bar association about the availability of collaborative divorce in your state.
Interview attorneys trained in collaborative divorce.
When interviewing attorneys, ask them about process options. In the last decade or two divorce process options have expanded. You no longer have to use the adversarial process to resolve your divorce issues.
Alternative dispute resolution options include, among others, collaborative divorce and mediation. Alternative dispute resolution means alternatives to trials and lawyer to lawyer negotiation.
Potential Advantages to Collaboration.
Collaborative divorce is private, not public.
Collaborative divorce is a future focused planning process, not a court battle.
Collaborative divorce keeps the decision-making for the family within the family.
Collaborative divorce focuses on the needs of the children and family - it doesn't focus on fighting who is right and who is wrong.
Collaborative Divorce is a team approach.
In medical care, it is becoming common to have a multi-disciplinary team address the "problem" in the context of the whole person. Collaborative divorce is also a team approach. The benefit is that mental health professionals and neutral financial experts help the family facing divorce keep focused on problem-solving, not on blaming or fighting the same old fights.
Rememer: this is your divorce.
You don't have to have a destructive divorce process. You don't have to battle with your spouse. You don't have to put your children in the middle of conflict. Decide what kind of a divorce process you want and then find the professionals who can help.
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March 22, 2021: Over doing the Gardening? Top 10 tips from your Chiropractor to take care of your back
How gardening affects your back
With lockdown anyone who has a garden has been spending much more of their copiously available free time making them look the best they have for years.
As a nation, we love our gardens and spend a considerable amount of time and money on them. As we rush to get those essential jobs done, there is a risk that we may end up injuring ourselves, especially our back.
What everyone wants is to be fit and healthy enough to sit in their garden and enjoy the fruits of their labour come summer time, so here are some helpful tips from our Principal Chiropractor, Rebecca from Maidenhead Podiatry and Chiropractic clinic:
What can I do? – Top ten tips –
Dress appropriately –
Don’t wear clothes that are tight or constrict your movement.
Gardening is like any other exercise, you need to warm up first –
Don’t go straight into heavy garden work, start off with lighter jobs first, this will lessen the chance of muscle strain.
Don’t twist again –
If you have to use a ladder for any of your gardening tasks, make sure you are always facing it. Rather than lean or reach, move the ladder regularly, always keep your shoulders, hips and knees pointing in the same direction and make sure the ladder is firmly and safely planted in position. If possible, have someone else standing there to keep an eye on things.
Clever pruning –
Get as close as possible to the things you are pruning; avoid overstretching to reach the area you are dealing with and invest in some long handled secateurs to reach plants and bushes that are beyond your normal reach.
Digging deep –
When digging, try not to bend or twist during the movement and alternate the foot you use to drive the spade into the ground.
is best achieved with short movements; don’t reach out too far.
Use a mat and kneel when doing close weeding work, planting out or when potting up your plants, it is much better to do this at a table.
Take a break –
Vary your activity; spend no more than 20-30 minutes on any one thing and take regular breaks.
Be clever with the paving –
If laying a patio keep the slab close to your body and bend your knees. It is sometimes better to bend one knee rather two, as your supporting leg gives you a position of strength and if using railway sleepers, two people will probably be needed. Don’t be afraid to ask for help.
Plan ahead –
If you are planning a trip to the local DIY store and buying heavy items, such as cement or gravel, buy smaller bags rather than one big bag as they are easier and safer to carry. Shovel the contents of large bags straight into smaller containers or wheelbarrow from the back of the car. If you are having items delivered, have them unloaded as close to where you need them as possible. This will save the effort of moving them again and a specialist garden trolley might be worth investing in to move these sorts of materials around, especially so if you have lots of patio pots to move.
Rebecca Rees, BSc and Lucy Steel BSc MSc DC have over forty years of experience between them, are members of the British Chiropractic Association (BCA) and are registered with the General Chiropractic Council (GCC).
If you would like more information or to make an appointment with one of our Chiropractors, call – 01628 773588 and speak to one of our receptionists or email email@example.com.
Sign up for our latest offers and news direct to your inbox. Your email address will never be given to 3rd parties.
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Ahab King of Israel
2 Chronicles 18:3
18:3 Ahab King of Israel. As is frequently the case, the parallel account in I Kings and II Chronicles have obviously drawn upon the same original record of the events in this key chapter, probably “the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel (I Kings 22:39). Thus II Chronicles 18:3-34 is very similar to I Kings 22:3-35.
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A criminologist for the cruise industry, Dr. James Alan Fox, published an article earlier this week which contains a great deal of unsubstantiated and misleading opinions about crime on cruise ships.
The cruise industry routinely hires Dr. Fox when Congress scrutinizes the cruise lines for not honestly reporting crimes. The Cruise Line International Association (CLIA) paid Dr. Fox to comment on select crime data to try and and stave off mandatory cruise reporting legislation proposed by Senator Rockefeller.
Dr. Fox's subsequent article, published in a Boston newspaper, is entitled "Safe at Sea." He cites five "factors" which he says support CLIA's claim that cruising is safe. You can read my criticisms below his comments:
1. "Cruise passengers are hardly a cross-section of be U.S. population," Dr. Fox says. He argues that the "age distribution" and "socio-economic standing" of the typical cruise line passenger tends "to limit the number of passengers with criminal intent."
Dr. Fox does not explain what specific types of U.S. citizens are more likely to board a cruise ship with "criminal intent." And I don't know how he could possibly know that. The limited crime data disclosed by the cruise lines doesn't provide the age, race, social status or economic standing of either the victim or the assailant such that anyone could determine who is the most likely person to commit a crime on a cruise ship.
Dr. Fox also does not identify any type of methodology or scientific analysis he conducted to arrive at his conclusions. The "factors" he cites are subjective opinions which mirror the press releases of the cruise industry which paid him in the first place.
In my experience representing in excess of a hundred cruise victims over the years, cruise passengers are victimized by a wide variety of criminals of all ages, races, ethnicities, social groups and economic backgrounds. They are no different than perverts ashore.
Carnival's $399-a-week for a "fun ship" cruise has opened up cruises to the masses which includes both good and bad people. Carnival's Micky Arison commented in an article I wrote about the problem of violence during cruises - Cruise Ship Brawls - A Problem that Will Get Bigger with Bigger Ships. Carnival's former CEO acknowledges that violence is a by-product of cheap cruise tickets which attract a more diverse group of passengers:
“Cruise ships are a microcosm of any city or any location and stuff happens . . . The negatives of discounting might be less commission for agents and less revenue for us but the positive is it opens up the product to a wider audience.”
From my perspective, the "wider audience" includes a large slice of perverts, porn addicts, pedophiles, molesters, rapists, drunken brawlers, murderers, serial rapists, and even serial killers from across the U.S. And don't forget that people on a cruise ship are not just a slice of U.S. citizens across the country, but a slice of people from all over the world.
Consider for the moment the disturbing number of passengers and crew members who bring graphic child pornography onto cruise ships on their iPhones, laptops, computers and thumb drives. Look here, here, here, here and here for a small example. Child perverts who attack children on cruise ships come in all ages, races and ethnic backgrounds, as you can see here, here, here and here. One child predator alone employed aboard Cunard cruise ships, Paul Trotter, a child counselor no less, molested at least 13 U.K. boys in the last few years. There are many other child victims. Rapists who target single women and girls come in all sizes and colors, some wearing cruise ship uniforms. Violence rare? You can watch YouTube videos all day long of drunken cruise passengers brawls which resemble gang fights that rival the meanest street in a major urban city. Yes, there are murders too, as you can see here, here, here, here and here. There are few arrests or convictions. A cruise ship seems to be the perfect place to commit the crime and get away with it.
Serial killers sailing on cruise ships too? There's no way, you say. But consider this headline from FOX News just last year: "FBI: Confessed Serial Killer Boarded Cruise Ship in New Orleans," and this sensational headline from ABC News "Serial Killer's Methodical Plan to Rape and Strangle Teen, Then Go on a Cruise." The articles involve serial killer Israel Keyes who abducted, robbed, raped, strangled, and mutilated a young woman in Alaska. The FBI says that he was involved in a number of similar crimes across the country. Following his last grisly crime, where did serial killer Keyes go on vacation? He went on two back-to-back cruises out of New Orleans.
The lesson to be learned is that when you cruise, you never know who you're cruising with. Don't be fooled for a second that there are any fewer criminals on cruise ships than anywhere else.
2. "In addition to passenger self-selection is the type of screening performed by the cruise lines themselves. While most vacation venues do background checks on prospective employees, cruise lines also submit passenger manifests to both U.S. Customs and Border Protection and the U.S. Coast Guard for screening."
Cruise lines don't conduct background investigations on their employees. Hiring agents in countries like Jamaica and India are suppose to do that, but rarely do. Read our article: Do Cruise Lines Conduct Background Checks of Crew Members? Learn what the cruise industry's pre-employment vetting of cruise ship employees is really all about.
Yes, cruise lines send their passenger manifests to U.S. Customs & Border officials, but the federal government usually does not conduct a screening of the list until after the cruise ships sails. Lots of people with outstanding warrants get arrested, but only after the ship returns to port.
People who are on "no fly" lists on suspicion of terrorism can still board cruise ships and travel by ship when they can't fly for security reasons.
If you think that cruise line vetting and federal officials keep rapists off cruise ships, read this blockbuster article: Most Wanted Rape Suspect Arrested On Carnival Cruise Ship - Worked As Manager Of Onboard Hair Salon.
3. "Passengers and crew are searched for weapons and other contraband every time they board ship. In fact, except for only extraordinary circumstances (e.g., security details protecting certain dignitaries), passengers are not permitted to carry guns, even off-duty police personnel."
Dr. Fox is correct on this one point. Your chance of being robbed at gunpoint on a cruise ship is extremely remote. But armed robbery on a ship is not a problem and has never been debated before Congress. The most likely crimes are rape and sexual assault. The most likely rapist is an employee of the cruise line. 18% of sexual assaults on cruise ships are against children. Plus, a significant number of passengers and crew go overboard without an explanation.
But as far as guns are concerned once you disembark a cruise ship into a port chosen by the cruise industry, the risk of being shot or robbed at gunpoint increases significantly. The risk is particularly high in Mexico and the Caribbean. 22 Carnival passengers from the Splendor were robbed at gunpoint in Mexico. 17 Celebrity passengers were robbed at gunpoint in St. Kitts. A total of 29 Disney and Royal Caribbean cruise passengers were robbed at gunpoint in two incidents in the Bahamas which you can read about here and here. 14 NCL passengers were robbed at gunpoint in St. Lucia. And to top it off a year later 55 cruise passengers and 2 crew members from the Celebrity Eclipse were robbed at gunpoint in St. Lucia. I'm sure that none of these 125 people expected to have a gun pointed at their face during their family cruise.
Cruise lines don't like to discuss the problem, but cruise lines are responsible for warning passengers of crime they know or should know about in ports where they take their guests. Courts consider excursions ashore to be an integral part of the cruise experience. You may never be shot on a cruise, but passengers and crew have been murdered in ports of call such as cases like this and this and this.
4. "Although cruise ships do not have immediate access to law enforcement while at sea, the level of security and surveillance provided by the cruise lines is relatively high compared to that of many other types of vacation destinations."
Dr. Fox does not explain what "relatively high" security and surveillance means. On a typical cruise ship with 3,000 passengers and crew members, there are only around ten security guards and a security chief and security supervisor. There are many hundreds of waiters, assistant waiters, bartenders, bar servers, cooks, cleaners, and stateroom attendants on a ship but relatively few guards. There are far more dancers, singers, beauticians and spa employees than security guards. At nighttime, there may be only one or two guards making rounds and a security supervisor in his office, which is grossly inadequate given the substantial amount of alcohol sold on cruise ships and potential for physical and sexual violence.
Most surveillance cameras on cruise ships are not actually manned by anyone. Some cruise lines staff the security cameras in the casinos in order to protect their money, but they don't monitor cameras positioned on the exterior decks and interior hallways. Virtually no cruise lines have state-of-the-art man overboard systems to detect passengers and crew who go overboard, as required by the 2010 Cruise Vessel Safety & Security Act ("CVSSA").
The biggest problem with the absence of an independent police force on cruise ships is that the ship's security personnel have a conflict of interest when crimes are committed. Some crimes against women are committed by the ship's security personnel or officers who are far senior to the security guards. When a woman is sexually assaulted at a hotel ashore, the local police will arrive and preserve the scene and apprehend the criminals involved. On a cruise ship, the ship security will often begin to build a case against the victim to protect the crew member and the cruise line. Sometimes the cruise ship officers and staff negligently or intentionally destroy evidence making the victim's case impossible to prove.
5. "Last, and certainly not least important, the confined space on cruise ships limits the opportunity for would-be offenders to attempt a quick getaway. They certainly can't escape apprehension by jumping overboard or making off in a stolen lifeboat."
Crew members who commit crimes don't need to jump overboard or steal a lifeboat to escape. Cruise lines have been known to sail the cruise ship out of the jurisdiction where the crime occurs and then fly the criminal employee home from the next port of call in order to avoid prosecution. Just earlier this week, the Miami Herald wrote an editorial stating the following about an assault by a Disney employee against a girl on the Disney Dream:
"There’s another serious problem that lawmakers should address: Some cruise lines egregiously help crew members accused of sexual assault and other crimes elude prosecution. Unfortunately, it’s an old story being given new life in an awful case reported by WKMG-Channel 6 in Orlando. A crew member on a Disney cruise was caught on video molesting an 11-year-old girl while the ship still was in port. Ship authorities waited a full day before reporting the crime to the FBI. By that time the ship was on its way to the Bahamas, where the alleged perpetrator was allowed to disembark, out of the reach of U.S. law enforcement. Disney then did the guy a further favor and flew him home to India."
Final Thoughts: Crime statistics don't tell the whole story. The more important considerations are whether the cruise lines are being truly honest with the public about crimes which occur, whatever the statistics may be. True transparency by the cruise industry is the key. Unfortunately, it is sorely lacking. Cruise lines have never voluntarily released statistics of sexual crimes against children.
Cruise lines must be obligated to inform passengers about the specific types of dangers which exist on cruises. The cruise industry must be required by law to promptly report crimes when they occur. There must be penalties levied against cruise lines which delay reporting crimes or assist criminals who prey on women and children during cruises - especially if the criminals are their own employees.
Gary Lee Read - Child Pornography - Monarch of the Seas
Milton Braganza - Sexual assault / molestation of 11 year old girl - Disney Dream
Timothy Webb - Child Pornography - Grandeur of the Seas
Israel Keyes - Serial killer later vacationing on unknown cruise ship
Amado Nichols Hernandez - Child Pornography - Celebrity Constellation
Sherwood Stevenson - Sexual molestation of 6 year old girl - Liberty of the Seas
Casey Dickinson - Gang rape of 14 year old girl - Carnival Sensation
Lucas George - Sexual Assault of 13 year old girl - Disney Wonder
Paul Trotter - Sexual abuse of over 13 boys under age 14 - various Cunard cruise ships
Kris Herypiyanto - Rape of 14 year old girl - Carnival Freedom
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New thoughts about chronic kidney disease (Part 1) (Proceedings)
Aug 01, 2010
CVC IN KANSAS CITY PROCEEDINGS
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common problem that affects an estimated 0.5 to 7% of dogs and 1.6 to 20% of cats. Nephron damage associated with CKD is usually irreversible and can be progressive. Renal failure results when three-quarters or more of the nephrons of both kidneys are not functioning. Whether the underlying CKD primarily affects glomeruli, tubules, interstitial tissue, or renal vasculature, irreversible damage to any portion of the nephron renders the entire nephron nonfunctional. Healing of irreversibly damaged nephrons occurs by replacement fibrosis and therefore a specific etiology is often not determined. Chronic kidney disease occurs over a period of weeks, months, or years and is an important cause of death in dogs and cats. It is often not possible to improve renal function in CKD and therefore treatment is aimed at stabilizing renal function. Importantly, there is increasing evidence that dietary and anti-hypertensive/anti-proteinuric treatments (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors [ACEI]) can decrease the progressive nature of CKD.
Staging of Canine and Feline CKD
Clinical Signs and Diagnosis
In general, the diagnostic approach to patient once CKD has been identified and staged is focused on three areas: 1) characterization of the renal disease, 2) characterization of the stability of the renal disease and function, and 3) characterization of the patient's problems associated with the decreased renal function. Further definition of the renal disease (beyond a standard minimum data base) could include for example, quantitation of proteinuria, measurement of blood pressure, urine culture, kidney imaging, and possibly kidney biopsy. The stability of the renal function would be assessed by serial monitoring of abnormalities identified during the initial characterization of the renal disease. This monitoring should always include serum biochemistry profiles, urinalyses, quantitation of proteinuria, and measurement of blood pressure but may also include follow-up urine cultures and ultrasound examinations. Characterization of the renal disease and its stability is most important in the earlier stages of CKD when appropriate treatment has the greatest potential to improve or stabilize renal function. Characterization of patient problems becomes more important in the later stages of CKD when clinical signs tend to be more severe. In the later stages of CKD, diagnostic (and subsequent therapeutic) efforts should directed at assessing anorexia, vomiting, acidosis, potassium depletion, hypertension, anemia, etc.
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JEFFERSON CITY – Some younger faces are going to be showing up if disaster hits Missouri this summer. Six students are part of a new Disaster Relief (DR) pilot project between the North American Mission Board (NAMB) and three state conventions, including the Missouri Baptist Convention (MBC).
“The idea is three-fold,” said Joe Banderman, the point man for the Missouri student team. “The first is bringing awareness to the next generation that Disaster Relief is for all.”
The second is to bring in some fresh workers to the ever-growing task that is DR. The students are staying in Jefferson City May 15-Aug. 15 and will be trained and certified in mud-out/ash-out, mass care (feeding), childcare and chainsaw recovery. They will travel with several dozen Missouri DR volunteers to provide childcare during the Southern Baptist Convention annual meeting next month in Baltimore and will be on call for any and all disasters Missouri DR responds to. Already, they responded to the tornado recovery in Orrick (see story, page 9).
The third goal is to send them back out once the summer is over to help other students get plugged in to DR. Banderman led a group of Missouri college students to New York during Hurricane Sandy in the fall of 2012 and saw the success they had there. He said that experience leads him to have high hopes for this summer.
“This generation is going to serve,” Banderman said. “We can either watch them get involved with some other organization, or we can come alongside them and figure out how we can help them use that desire.”
The students are: Danielle Slocum from Missouri Southern University; Adam Steel, a recent graduate of Southeast Missouri State University; Jordan Caudle from Ozark Technical College; Mary Parsons from College of the Ozarks; Jordan Johnston and Edwin Aquino, both from Hannibal-LaGrange University.
“They’re ready and they’re excited for whatever wherever,” Banderman said.
Many DR volunteers are older retirees, simply because they are the ones that have the time available from work to complete longer callouts. Banderman said he hopes a project like this summer’s will tap into an unused manpower resource with lots of free time and bridge the gap between generations.
“I’ve heard nothing but excitement from the veteran DR workers,” he said.
Depending on the results this summer in the three pilot states, NAMB may expand the project in the coming years. In the meantime, Banderman noted that college students are welcome to become trained at any Missouri DR training event. The two remaining dates this year are: Sept. 5-6 at New Hope Baptist Church in Sedalia and Oct. 10-11 at First Baptist Church in Houston.
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Abu `Ali Ahmad b. Muhammad b. Ya'qub Miskawayh (932-1030) is a brilliant intellectual and philosopher of 10th-century Buwayhid Baghdad. His effect on Islamic philosophy is mainly concerned with ethical issues. His book Tadhib al-akhlaq (Ethical Instruction) is considered as the first major Islamic work on philosophical ethics. Focusing on practical ethics, conduct, and refinement of character, it contains an original theory on the education of young boys.
By Dr Nadia Jamal al-Din1
Table of contents
1. Mikawayh: his life and works
2. Ethics and education
3. The training of young men and boys
4. The aims of training young boys, according to Miskawayh
5. Methods of training the young boy
5.1. Methods of Training the Boy's Soul
5.2. Manners Linked to the Boy's Conduct
6. General rules of conduct
7. Observations and critique
8. References and further reading
8.1. Some of the writings of Miskawayh, printed and in manuscripts
8.2. More materials about Miskawayh
8.3. Education, teaching and learning institutions on MuslimHeritage.com
Note of the editor
The following text was originally published as: "Miskawayh (A.H. 320-421/A.D. 932-1030)" by Dr Nadia Jamal al-Din in the series "Thinkers on Education" published by Prospects: the quarterly review of comparative education (Paris, UNESCO: International Bureau of Education), vol. 24, no. 1/2 1994, p. 131–52. ©UNESCO, 2000. Our republishing of the article relies on the authorisation embedded by the publisher according to which the document may be reproduced free of charge as long as acknowledgement is made of the source. The version we republish hereafter was edited and revised; we publish it with a slightly different title, new images and captions. Click here for the original version (in PDF format).
Figure 1: Scenes of teaching and learning in Islamic history (Source).
The 4th century H (10th century CE) is regarded as one of the most brilliant periods of Islamic civilization; during this time the Muslims reached the peak of their intellectual maturity and progress in ideas. Indeed, a number of historians have seen it as the ‘Golden Age' of this outstanding civilization . It was in this century that Abu 'Ali Ahmad b. Muhammad b. Ya'qub Miskawayh (also known as Ibn Miskawayh) was born. It is established now that his name is actually Miskawayh, yet we find a number of his works, especially those not edited, but in fact attributed to him, where the name on the cover is Ibn Miskawayh. Those few works that are edited bear the correct name, Miskawayh; and that is how he is referred to by his contemporaries and the intellectuals and writers who worked with him .
Miskawayh lived in the 4th century H and its scientific environment, and his very productive life extended for around 20 years into the 5th century, as is shown by the date of his death. So he spent the whole of his life within the period of the Abbasid empire, the rule of which extended from 132 to 656 H (750-1258 CE). This period of time is well known for the Muslims' concentration on translating the sciences from other languages, and it witnessed also a flourishing of writing in Arabic, once the translation process had yielded its results. Many Muslims excelled in the branches of learning known at that time. As a result of the many books translated into Arabic, the various compositions in all kinds of fields, and the spread of the use of paper, the caliphs turned their attention to the establishment of what were known as Dar al-`ilm or Dar al-hikma (House of learning, or house of wisdom) in Baghdad, Cairo, Cordoba, and in other countries of the Islamic world. These operated somewhat like public libraries, well provided for the needs of the general readers and specialists. Stationers' shops also appeared, for selling books or renting them out to readers; and there was increased competition among the caliphs, viziers, learned men, and others, to acquire books and to establish their own private libraries in their castles, and to gather people together for learned discussions on the content of these books, in what might resemble seminars or study circles today.
Miskawayh himself worked as a librarian for the libraries of a number of the viziers (ministers) of the Buwayhids during the Abbasid rule. Maybe this work helped him to be in such evident contact with the culture of his age, so varied in its sources and its types, to be able to learn for himself, and to make such a thorough study of the branches of science and human knowledge. Though Miskawayh was born to Muslim parents in Rayy, in the land of Persia, he travelled to Baghdad, where he studied and worked, and was well known there for a time. Then he returned to live in Isfahan, in Persia, for a period of time; it was here that he died and was buried - according to the most reliable account - after a life of nearly a 100 years.
Figure 2: Two recent editions of the Arabic text of Miskawayh's Tahdhib al-akhlaq: Dar al-kutub al-'ilmiya (Beirut, 1985) and Dar maktabat al-hayat (Beirut, 1989).
Miskawayh is one of the outstanding personalities in the history of philosophical thought among the Muslims; so, as seems clear, his fame did not come about as a result of his involvement with teaching or with writing on education, in our modern terms, but his fame arose from his work in philosophy. Miskawayh was attracted to Greek philosophy, the books of which were available in a variety of Arabic translations because there were so many translators. However, he did not stop short at logic and theology, as did preceding Muslim philosophers such as al-Farabi (260-339/873-950), considered among Muslims as the Second Teacher after Aristotle, who was known to them as the First Teacher. Rather, he continued his path to deal with matters left aside by most of his predecessors or contemporaries among the philosophers. He differed from them in his concern for ethics more than most other studies of traditional philosophy at that time. Hence he was named by some the ‘Third Teacher', since he was considered the first ethical thinker among the Muslims .
If Miskawayh was famous particularly in the field of ethics, yet like others of the best Muslim intellectuals he was very much attracted to the philosophy of the famous Greeks such as Plato and Aristotle and others, whose books, translated into Arabic, exerted their special fascination on those who worked with philosophy or were devoted to it . Perhaps the influence of Plato and Aristotle on Miskawayh is shown most clearly in his book Tahdhib al-akhlaq wa-tathir al-acraq (Refinement of character and purification of dispositions). He did not confine himself to the works of the great Greek philosophers, but studied others and referred to them also in his various works. These included Porphyrius, Pythagoras, Galen, Alexander of Aphrodisias, and Bryson. From this latter he took over most of what he wrote in connection with the education of young boys, although this man was not well known, as will be detailed later .
In addition, Miskawayh is very clearly distinguished from others who worked in science and philosophy, within Islamic civilization, by the fact that he indicated clearly and distinctly the sources on which he drew; something which proves his scientific reliability, and also emphasizes his patent admiration for the branches of learning which he studied, well known and widespread throughout the Islamic community. So he did not hesitate to rewrite these in his own language, Arabic.
Just as he was influenced by the Greek philosophers, so he was by his predecessors and contemporaries among the Muslim philosophers and scholars. Some of those he referred to distinctly in his writings, such as al-Kindi or al-Farabi, while with others he was content to mention their ideas only.
Maybe one of the most important characteristics of Miskawayh also, emphasizing his great admiration for the Greek philosophy which had reached him, is that he did not aim for a reconciliation between religion and philosophy, as other previous Muslim philosophers had done. Nor did he attempt to combine them, as was done by the Brethren of Purity for example; but the opinions he set forth remained Greek in nature, and usually attributed to their original exponents .
Miskawayh's scientific output is not restricted precisely to the field of philosophy and ethics, but he made a distinguished contribution to history; he also busied himself with chemistry, and was concerned with literature and other subjects. This emphasizes the multiple facets of his culture, making him a mirror for his age; for he is distinguished by the many sources of his culture and the encyclopedic nature of his writings .
Miskawayh said himself in his book Tahdhib al-akhlaq, for example, that it is a book composed ‘for the lovers of philosophy in particular, and it is not for the general public' . Maybe this simply indicates how much he was influenced by the culture coming to the Islamic nation, and well known at his time. It may be, too, that it distanced him to some extent from the Islamic tendency, which did not recognize particularity in the field of learning, because the specialization of the élite in rational sciences was merely a Greek idea, as is well known.
Figure 3: Front cover of The Refinement of Character, the English translation by Constantine Zurayk of Miskawayeh's Tahdhib al-akhlaq (The American University of Beirut, 1968).
The book Tahdhib al-akhlaq is considered the most famous book of Miskawayh; so this is the work of which we shall examine the contents quite carefully, so as to base on it our presentation of Miskawayh's remarks on the education of young boys, only. For the work contains, in general, the majority of opinions which he introduced in this subject, although he did aim for a basis to acquaint the reader with the way to reach the supreme happiness. Maybe this tendency of his can be considered an effective translation, or a practical application, of the views he embraced, such as ‘seeing comes before action' i.e. knowledge precedes action. For if the reader knows moral happiness, and is influenced by the contents of the book, all his actions will be fine, according to his interpretation. Hence it can be said that Miskawayh's book prepares the way for anyone who examines its contents to reach supreme happiness. So it is not possible to separate the learner's personality and character from the science he learns, and the aim and objective for which he is striving to learn it .
The second maqala (section) of the seven in the book discusses character, humanity, and the method of training young men and boys. This is preceded in the first maqala by a discussion of the soul and its virtues. This all amounts to a general introduction, which needed to be presented because of the prevailing opinion in Miskawayh's day, where psychological studies took precedence over any other philosophical subject. This was like an obligatory introduction to every philosophical study.
This ‘moral happiness' was the happiness enabling the human being to live happily, in accordance with the requirements of virtue. Thus it was a personal happiness which the human being could reach through intellectual effort, and striving to acquire the sciences which would make his thought inclusive of all the areas and all existent beings, and make him free himself from material things so as to reach the degree of wisdom whereby to grasp human perfection.
The knowledgeable one who reaches this degree of supreme happiness is, in Miskawayh's opinion, called ‘the one completely happy', and the pleasure he attains, in this case, is an intellectual pleasure . Miskawayh mentions supreme happiness in the third maqala of Tahdhib al-akhlaq, and gives a detailed account of it in order to attract the attention of one who does not know it, so that he will seek it and will be seized by the desire to reach it .After this Miskawayh sets out to clarify the various kinds of happiness and its virtues, which the human being is able to approach, and to live happily in this world following the requirements of virtue, in his view. To realize this, he cites a number of conditions, some internal and some external. Among internal conditions, which influence the rational state of the human being and his moral direction towards good or bad, are conditions within his own body, in respect of his enjoyment of health and moderate temperament. Other conditions are external to the human body, and help him to rise above shortcomings, and to love good for others, to include friends, children, and wealth. For love of others, and affection towards them, can play a part in the progress and upward movement of all people; that is because these are a sphere for fulfilling the different virtues. In addition, there are conditions in the environment surrounding the human being, inasmuch as human society is one of the basic conditions of reaching supreme happiness. The human being can only fulfil his perfection if it is affirmed that he is a social being, as well as being rational.
As a result of human beings living together with others, and being in contact with them, their experience is enriched and virtues are rooted in their soul by way of putting these virtues into practice. The importance of transactions with people, as Miskawayh says, refers to the fact that transactions lead to the appearance of virtues which only do so in company and in dealings and interaction with others, such as integrity, courage, and generosity. If the person did not live in this human milieu, these virtues would not be apparent, and the human being would become just like people frozen or dead. Miskawayh repeats in several places that it is for this reason the wise men said that man is civil by nature, meaning that he needs a city, containing many people, for his human happiness to be complete. This being so, it is easy to refer the idea back to its original source, since Aristotle presented it in his book the Nicomachean Ethics .
Figure 4: A scene of teaching from a manuscript of the Rasa'il Ikhwan al-Safa dating from 1287 CE (Süleymaniye Library, Istanbul) (Source).
Besides all this, the basic conditions for reaching happiness are psychological conditions and factors; this is because training the soul, cleansing it, teaching it, making it profit from general and particular experiences, are centred on the human's will and his ability to raise his inclinations, so as to attain the degree of happiness appropriate for him. The sixth maqala, entitled ‘Medicine for souls', clarifies the importance for man to know his own defects. The seventh, entitled ‘Restoring health to the soul', clarifies the method of treating the illnesses of souls. In this maqala, Miskawayh does not distinguish between evil and illness; and the psychological evils or illnesses he lists are: rashness, cowardice, pride, boasting, frivolity, haughtiness, scorn, treachery, accepting injustice, and fear. Miskawayh is concerned with talking about the fear of death, also grief. For he considers that it is not difficult for the rational man who desires to free his soul from its pains and save it from its dangers to examine the illnesses and treat them so as to be set free from them. This must be by success from God and by the man's own personal striving; both are required, one completing the other .
The above may serve to explain that, for Miskawayh, ethics are very closely bound up with the objective of the human being's education; for he stresses continually that it is not possible to distinguish between the learner's personality and character, on the one hand, and on the other the science he learns and the aim and objective for which he is striving to learn it. This is what he stresses very clearly in the introduction to his book, stating: Our aim in this book is that we should acquire for our souls a character, whereby we shall give rise to deeds which are all fine and good, yet will be easy for us, with no trouble nor hardship. This will be by craft and educational organization, and the way here is that we should firstly know our own souls, what they are, and what kind of thing they are, and for what reason they were created within us - I mean, their perfection and their aim - and what are their faculties and abilities, which, if we use them as is needful, will bring us to this high rank; and what are the things holding us back from it, and what will purify them so they prosper, and what will come upon them so that they fail .
Ethics as a philosophical study is considered a practical philosophy, which strives to decide what should be; so examining this field of study does not lead to philosophical reflection as a final aim, but rather it is used in practical life. Maybe Miskawayh himself emphasizes this in his looking at philosophy and its divisions, for he sees that it is divided into two parts: a theoretical part and a practical part, each completing the other .
It should be pointed out that when Miskawayh set out to talk of the training of young boys, he only approached this subject as his serious intellectual concern with the final end to which the human being is heading, or should be heading; and his moral philosophy, as a whole, brings the human being to reach supreme happiness; for there is no paradise nor fire, no reward nor punishment, since he distinguishes between philosophy and religion. He considers that religion retains man in his state of childhood and boyhood, where the faculty of the intellect is weak, while philosophy and supreme happiness remain for the human being's youth and manhood, where his intellect is mature and he knows how to use it towards the highest virtues and most perfect aims .
The foregoing clarifies, to a great extent, how Miskawayh remained one of the Muslim thinkers most devoted to Greek philosophy. For he distinguishes between reason and faith, or between philosophy and religion, since the supreme happiness is a human happiness, one which is neither imposed on man nor withheld from him by anything outside the scope of his will, and issuing from an intellect greater and stronger than his . Within this framework Miskawayh's discussion of the training of young men and boys is placed, and within this framework also his viewpoint must be understood and read, in what concerns the choice of this age-group rather than another to talk about, and to present some opinions and viewpoints on the matter of their training.
Figure 5: Laila and Majnun at school, a painting by Bihzad painted in 1494 in Heart, kept now in the British Museum in London. The painting illustrates a scene of a school with few boys and girls studying and learning from their teacher (Source).
In his writings Miskawayh did not use the word ‘education' (tarbiya) since it was not a word widely used in his day and his milieu with the technical meaning it has today. It may also be well known that the word ‘education' was only quite recently used in modern European languages with the meaning now intended. The tendency here has been to use the very same word which Miskawayh used in his writings, ‘training' (ta'dib) so as not to impose on it more than was actually said, and in order to present his thoughts in connection with this important human process without encroaching on his rights . The opinion here is that reading the text in accordance with the language of his age, and the meanings it carries which the writer himself intended to express, is more precise and closer to scientific integrity.
It is also useful to point out that the word ‘teaching' (ta'lim) was the word in widest circulation and most used in Islamic civilization to express what we mean today by the word ‘education' in many of its aspects. So the words ‘teaching' and ‘learning' (ta`allum) are also very close to words like ‘training' and ‘culture' (adab), where they express the meaning intended. Their use was widespread also in the 3rd and 4th centuries H, likewise the word ‘education'; now some consider that the Qur'an's use of them restricts them to what we today call the period of early childhood. This can be attested by reference to the Qur'anic words, for instance: ‘Say, Lord, have mercy on them, as they nurtured (rabba) me when young.' (17:24).
This being so, education indicates a task, of an obligatory nature, which is undertaken by adults, particularly parents, for the young . If so, it can be said that the meaning of training primarily indicates the effort expended and directed by adults, to impart to the young desirable knowledge, morality, customs, and behaviour, to prepare them in the manner which makes them the acceptable human model within their society, i.e. the Muslim community of that time.
Miskawayh aimed to discuss ‘refinement of character' and realizing this; he reflected, and based this on what was said by Aristotle in his book of Ethics, and in the book of Discourses also, that evil may be transmitted through training, even to the best; but not in all circumstances. For he sees that repeated warnings, and training, and people's adopting good virtuous policies, must have some sort of influence among the kinds of people; there are some who accept training and move swiftly towards virtue, and others who approach it, and move towards virtue slowly .
Miskawayh ends his discussion of this opinion by explaining his view that every person can be changed; having done this, he indicates its influence on young men and boys, and the necessity to train them. Miskawayh does not confine himself to this view of Aristotle, but deduces it also from the reliable laws that are the way God deals with His creation . So Miskawayh held that what the boy has been accustomed to since youth will be of influence when he grows up; hence, he discussed the training of young boys, to which subject he devoted some pages of his book. This was one part of his thinking to realize his aim; consequently he made use of one of the books available and well known in his academic environment, and indicated it with exceptional confidence. Maybe this was a result of his trusting that what he did not write about his original aim, despite its importance, the Greek author, well known in his day, achieved the very same objective. So he borrowed from him, and thus in the second maqala of Tahdhib al-akhlaq there is the following heading: ‘Section on training young men and boys, the ideas taken from the book of Brusun'.
Certain Orientalists came across some copies of this book, including a copy in the Egyptian National Library (Dar al-kutub al-misriyya), with the title ‘the book of Brisis on a man's management of his household (domestic economy)' (Kitab Brisis fi tadbir al-rajul li-manzilihi). However, the name was also written on an inside page of the book, as ‘Brusun': which the German Orientalist Paul Kraus corrected to Bryson .
Whatever the opinion, this book, or manuscript, turned his attention to treating the method of domestic economy, through the discussion of four points: a. money; b. servants; c. women; d. children. Miskawayh took from this Greek author only what he said about children, which emphasizes what was already indicated, and it could almost be a literal transmission in many places; however, he sometimes added certain personal experiments and observations resulting from his own life experience . So it is useful to extract from this discussion some detail on: The aims of training young boys, according to Miskawayh.
Figure 6: Teacher and Students by Musa Roosta, from the School of Tabriz, 17th century (Source).
Maybe reflection on the title of his book, ‘Refinement of character', will produce a swift result, the import being that he trusted in the possibility of refining and purifying morals from the evils and wickedness attached to them. To this end we see him determining ‘that the art of character forming which is concerned with the betterment of the actions of the human being as human, this is the most excellent of the arts' .
This trust is emphasized by the fact that in many places in his book he considers that his remarks about young boys are equally suitable for adults . It is not easy for the adult to change his character, with which he has grown up and been nurtured, except according to special conditions; unless indeed he himself grasps the extent to which his morals are corrupt, and forms the purpose of changing them. This sort of man it is hoped will abstain from his (evil) morals gradually and have recourse to the exemplary way by repentance and by keeping company with the good and the wise by the pursuit of philosophy .
The reason behind his emphasis on the possibility of refining character and purifying souls, and freeing the self from evil habits and the like, stems from his opinion about people, which is that they are either good by nature or good by reason of the law and learning . Despite this, people differ in receptivity to training as regards eagerness for it, and their share of virtuous morality and fine dispositions . Hence, they are not all in one single rank as regards acceptance of virtuous morality; and if they differ, then this difference and disparity between them, which is beyond reckoning, merits the greatest concern with training and habituation of young men to approved actions. For neglect of training will cause every human being to remain in the condition he was in during childhood. Put in another way, Miskawayh considers that humanity is in constant need of adapting what he was brought up to and became accustomed to in childhood, and also what suits him naturally. If he does not do this, he falls into the place of the wretched, and his link with God is severed.
This wretchedness is confirmed if he continues in four characteristics:
1. Laziness, idleness, and wasting his life without work, with no human benefit;
2. Stupidity and ignorance, caused by failure to investigate and exercise the soul with the teachings spoken by wise men;
3. Insolence, which results from neglect of the soul when it pursues desires and is unrestrained and seeks to commit sins and evil deeds;
4. The preoccupation which arises from persistence in ugly deeds .
For each one of these kinds of wretchedness or illnesses there is a treatment, with which the intelligent man can heal himself, if he tries to set himself free. So the manners spoken of by Miskawayh to train young men and boys can bring about benefits which revert to the person so trained. From another angle, training (or education) can be regarded as realizing specified aims, equally whether this be from the viewpoint of the one who assumes responsibility for it, or of the one subjected to it. To clarify this, we can present Miskawayh's own explanations, to extract from them the aims that can be directed to this business of training. Miskawayh says: These good manners, which are useful to boys, are likewise useful to older people; but they are more useful to the young, because they habituate them to the love of virtues and so they grow up accordingly. Then it is not hard for them to avoid evils, and later it is easy for them to follow all the prescriptions of wisdom and the regulations of the Law (shari'a) and Tradition (sunna). They become accustomed to keep themselves from the temptations of wicked pleasures; they restrain them from indulging in any of those pleasures or thinking too much about them. They make them desire the high rank of philosophy and promote them to the high matters described at the beginning of this work, such as seeking proximity to God the Most High, and being near to the angels. They will also be favoured in this world, with a pleasant life, and a fine reputation. Their enemies will be few, many will praise them and seek their friendship, especially the virtuous .
From this text, which is repeated in various forms in the Tahdhib, we can deduce more than one aim for refining and training in Miskawayh's view. Indeed, it can be said that these aims include some which are temporal, for this earthly life, and some which are concerned with the time after death, with the eternal abode. Each is interconnected. That which is connected with training and avoidance of evils, and exercise of the soul, and following what the Law and Tradition define, and what wisdom prescribes: all this together leads to a goodly condition in this world, and a pleasant life, and a fine reputation; this is clarified in what actually happens, by way of having few enemies and many who praise him and seek his friendship and company. Thus, the practical aim attached to this earthly life, and resulting from the refinement of character, is bringing about the human being's adaptation to those around him: and this is exemplified in his conduct and his relationships with them. If he conforms with this, continues in it, and his knowledge becomes true and his action correct, ‘sufficiency lies not in the knowledge of virtues, but in acting with them', as Miskawayh continually determines . When the human being really acts in accordance with his knowledge, this demonstrates that he has reached the rank of the wise, or what can be expressed as the highest point of perfection in humanity . The human being's personal effort in seeking knowledge, and in his work and his conduct, leads him to be: ‘the happy, the perfect, seeking to come close to God the Most High, the loving, the obedient, and worthy of his friendship and love' .
Since in Miskawayh's opinion, and as he says, also in Aristotle's, God is ‘the Wise, the Happy, the Perfect in wisdom; He is loved only by the happy and the wise, for a being is only happy with its like'. Hence, whoever approaches God and so earnestly seeks His favour, ‘God loves him and brings him close to Him, and he will be worthy of His friendship' . Whoever approaches God, and God brings him close, becomes in this way supremely happy, with a happiness that cannot be surpassed .
This is the final aim of man's journey through life, the conclusion of his work and his service here; and his striving to purify his character, as Miskawayh prescribed, and presented to others who desired his knowledge, in the hope of being helped to realize it. By this definition of the final aim, there must perforce be the means enabling it to be reached; and consequently leading questions can be put, concerning the method of the upbringing of human beings in the way which helps them to fulfil this aim; and following on what Miskawayh said, the reply to this requires concern for the training and refining of souls; hence it is possible to begin by acquaintance with the souls of the young men and boys, and the factors influencing them, or what we could call in today's language ‘Human nature and the factors influencing its formation'.
Humanity in general, Miskawayh considers, is the noblest of all existing beings on the earth which we inhabit . The soul of the boy is ready to receive virtue, because it is ‘simple, not yet impressed with any form, nor has it any opinion nor determination turning it from one thing to another' . Also because the soul of the boy is ready to accept training; so there must be concern for the boy, and he must be cared for, and not left to one who cannot do this training well or who does not have fine characteristics and excellent habits. Miskawayh remarks that these opinions are taken from Aristotle, but he very soon turns in another direction to present the boy's soul and its faculties in a picture that agrees with what Plato had earlier said in the Republic. This is that the soul, as has been said, is divided into three faculties, the appetitive, the irascible, and the rational. These faculties appear gradually, as the boy grows, until he reaches his perfection and is then called rational. And diffidence is the sign of this intelligence, and the indication that the boy has reached the stage of discernment, and consequently training, since diffidence means his fear of doing anything unseemly .
Also Miskawayh presents the means or the way by which it is possible to recognize or deduce when the boy has reached this state: which is, that by careful scrutiny of the boy his intelligence can be deduced. This is that when the inquirer looks at him and finds he has lowered eyes, does not stare, and his face is not insolent, this is among the signs of his nobility and his fear of doing anything unseemly, and his preference for the good, and attaining reason. So his soul is ready for training, fit to be taken care of, and must not be neglected. Miskawayh's experience in this field, with his Greek culture, is his guide and the source of his ideas.
The social environment in which the boy grows up plays an evident role in the formation of the boy's soul, or what can be called the business of bringing him up. That is because the boy's soul is simple, and as yet without imprint, and is ready and receptive to training, fit to be taken care of; when it finds itself in a bad social milieu, this leads to its being influenced by those around, and consequently its corruption: the soul accepts what it grows up with and is accustomed to, and hence comes the concern to watch over young men and boys in particular .
The basic responsibility for this falls upon the parents . The aim in watching over the family here, and training the parents, is to reform the soul of the boy; for when he mixes with his peers and plays with those of his own age-group, he is influenced by them. In his early life, as Miskawayh remarks, he will be bad in his actions, relating what he has neither heard nor seen, passing on false tales. He may even stretch out his hand to other people's possessions, or may transmit stories which he hears, and may be overinquisitive.
Because of all this, there must be a concern for training and refinement as long as he is a child, for children usually take more swiftly to learning and training. Their characters appear in them from the very earliest stage, and they cannot hide them nor dissimulate as an adult can who has developed to the point where he knows his own defects and so conceals them by carrying out actions which in fact are contrary to his nature. This being so, it is easy to recognize evil character among young men and boys and to work to set them free from it, and habituate them to virtuous morals since it is possible for them to receive these swiftly .
Beginning with these views, Miskawayh presents the methods that are followed in training and refining the boy's soul. Some of these seem abstract, seeking to influence the boy's soul, and some are connected with his conduct and his external appearance. These can all be detailed as follows.
5.1. Methods of Training the Boy's Soul
For him the psychological aspect is the most important, so he began with mentioning a number of abstract methods; to start with, Miskawayh gives a number of positive aspects, i.e. attraction, and these ways include:
- Praise is considered one of the most important of these means and methods suggested; that is, praising the boy for the good things he does which are acceptable to the adults; and also adults who do good deeds should be praised in his presence. All this emphasizes fine actions, whether performed by him or by adults, and by those considered to be an example for him.
- Encouragement to rise above the desire for food and drink and fine clothing. Encouragement here is by commending abstinence from these things and contentment with only the small amount necessary.
- He should be trained to admire generous characteristics, such as preferring others over himself in matters of food and drink, and he should confine himself to what is moderate and seek it.
- He should be warned of punishment, and made to fear blame for any evil deed he may demonstrate. If intimidation is employed, this must be by degrees, for if the boy transgresses in any matter which has been mentioned to him, and made attractive to him, or he ceases to do this, then it is best, in this case, to pretend not to have noticed, especially if he himself realizes the error and tries to conceal it and hide it from others.
If it is necessary to reproach the boy for what he has done, so that he will not revert to it, then this should be done in secret; because disclosing these matters might lead the boy to be impudent, and he would think little of hearing blame, and consequently indulging in detestable pleasures to which his nature incites him. These pleasures are numerous . After all these psychological methods, the educator can have recourse to physical punishment if the preceding methods are not successful, and if it is really needed .
5.2. Manners Linked to the Boy's Conduct
Figure 7: Painting atelier of the Ottoman Sultan dating from 1595-1603. The miniature shows the author, probably the court chronicler Talikizade, caligraphist and miniature painter, working on the Shahname for Mehmet III (ruled 1595-1603). Topkapi Saray Museum, Istanbul (Inv. 1609/74a) (Source).
These rules of conduct are connected either with sensory pleasures such as food and drink, or with the external appearance such as clothes, or finding relaxation from the weariness of study. However, these also have their rules such as play and physical exercise, and other rules linked to his conduct and his relationships with others; these are now given in detail.
Rules of food and drink
In this case, the boy must understand the basic aim of taking food, that it is a necessity and is desired for the health of the body, not as a means of sensory pleasure; hence he looks on it as medicinal for the body, to remedy the pains of hunger and guard against illness. Since food is not desired for its own sake, nor for its sensory enjoyment, or that should be the case, Miskawayh presents a collection of advice which can be said to be more appropriate for the ascetic Sufi novice than for a boy in his prime, and at a fundamental stage in his growth.
In Miskawayh's view, the educator is meant to make the boy despise the idea of food, and should reduce its amount and its variety; so he should restrict himself to one kind when he is eating, and should sometimes eat dry bread on its own. Miskawayh considers that if these manners are commendable for the poor, it is even better to have the rich seek them. Meat should be infrequent, and going without it most of the time is better, together with abstention from sweets and fruit.
The main meal is best taken at supper, so that it will not lead him to sleep during the day, for this is not approved. Food has its manners which must be watched over, and here Miskawayh advises the boy not to hurry over it, and to chew it very well; not to let his glance dwell for long on the food and the people eating, and where they put their hands, and not to stain his hands or clothing. The boy must not drink during the meal, and must beware of wine and any kinds of intoxicating drinks, for these are harmful to both body and soul. Furthermore, the boy must avoid attending any drinking sessions, so that he will not hear the follies which go the rounds at such times, unless they are attended by well-bred, virtuous people, from whose conversation and knowledge he can profit. Here, it is noticeable that Miskawayh did not say that wine is something forbidden, as is clearly laid down in the Islamic religion; hence, in his view, the prohibition is not from the rulings of the Islamic religion as they are the exemplary view of how the virtuous man should be, and the morals to which the boy must be trained and habituated.
There are rules of etiquette connected with the boy's external appearance also:
Rules of etiquette for clothing
Miskawayh explains that the boy must grow up in the way right and fitting for people of nobility and honour; so he should wear white clothing, and avoid coloured or patterned clothing, since that is more proper for women and slaves. This has to be repeated in the boy's ears many times, so that he may be brought up, or grow up, in this way. Also the boy is asked not to adorn himself with what women would wear, nor to wear a seal-ring except when this is needed, nor to wear his hair long. This counsel extends to not taking pride in his father's possessions, whether food or clothing or anything else. Love of gold and silver is a disaster, and the boy must be advised to avoid them and not to use them in any shape or form .
It is a duty to care for the body, since it brings its benefits to the boy, and here there are rules of etiquette which he should learn and follow; so Miskawayh is concerned with physical exercise. Despite the importance of this exercise for the body, Miskawayh did not neglect also the psychological effect of play, and hence he puts forward some features that must be present.
Rules for physical exercise and play
Miskawayh advises giving the boy the opportunity to play at certain times, although this play must be of a good kind, to let him relax from the weariness of learning and observing etiquette; however, there should be nothing in this play to cause the boy pain or distress . If play here is necessary for relaxing from the exertion of training, physical exercise is important to the body, since the boy must be accustomed to walk, to move, and to ride, so that he does not become lazy; this because the various kinds of exercise dispel dullness and awaken energy and purify the soul .
In connection with this, too, Miskawayh warns against sleeping for too long; for this makes him lazy, dulls his mind, and deadens his thought; and he determines the boy must be prevented from sleeping at all during the day .
Miskawayh then presents a group of the various manners with which the boy must be provided. These as a whole prescribe the features distinguishing what may be called the refined man or the virtuous man, those features that society in general accepts and which can be defined as follows.
Figure 9: Laila and Majnun at School: Page from the Khamsa of Nizami (Quintet of Nizami), dated 835 H/1431–32 CE from Timurid Afghanistan (Herat), painted possibly by Mir Khalil. (Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York; ink, opaque watercolors, and gold on paper) (Source).
The preceding may give a picture of the basic features of Miskawayh's educational ideas that he put forward in one of the most important of all his books; it contains also a selection of his words from The Book of Happiness (Kitab al-sa`ada). His words of ‘advice to the seeker of wisdom' or philosophy which were included in Yaqut's biographical dictionary of literary men (Mu`jam al-udaba') drew a picture of the philosopher of ethics as he imagined him. This is almost explained and repeated in his words in the Tahdhib . Perhaps it is also possible, from the books referred to and the previous swift overview of his opinions, to set out a clear picture of the Greek influence on the thinking of a Muslim philosopher who drew on the culture of the age he lived in and took from it what was best. He had the greatest admiration for, and confidence in, the famous Greek philosophers, those who still hold their place in human thought. This confirms the clarity of his vision and his ability to choose from among the kinds of culture reaching the Islamic community; indeed, it also confirms the ability of Islamic civilization to take up the sciences coming to it from previous civilizations, to make use of them, to work with them, and add to them.
Maybe this is emphasized by Miskawayh's indication that he borrowed what he found suitable in the works of the Greek ‘Brusun', as he referred to him. Of all the Muslim philosophers and thinkers whose intellectual works have come down to us, he is the only one to have said this. Something which emphasizes and clarifies our view here is the fact that there are some who think that certain well-known Muslim philosophers, apart from Miskawayh, borrowed from this book of Greek origin, though they did not mention their source - such as Ibn Sina (370-428/980-1037) and al-Ghazali (450-505/1059-1111) .
Further clarification can be found in the work of an Orientalist M. Plessner, who in the 1920s published an ‘Arabic' translation of a Greek text entitled Kitab Brusun fi tadbir al-rajul li-manzilihi (Book of Brusun on domestic economy) (Heidelberg 1928). He observed that ‘the Book of Policy attributed to Ibn Sina is no more than a summary of the book of Bryson' .
When comparing the Book of Policy (Kitab al-Siyasa) published by Louis Cheikho, in a collection of ancient philosophical articles of some famous Arabic philosophers (maqalat falsafiyya qadima li-bacd mashahir falasafat al-`arab) (Beirut 1911), he found that the content is concerned with the theme that the human being is a civil animal needing to live in society for the sake of fulfilling his basic needs. He divides up man's policy for his needs or management of his affair into five sections: a man's conduct of himself, his directing his income and expenditure, his ruling his family (wife), his guidance for his children, his governing of his servants. What comes under these headings is in the Epistle of Policy, a precise summary of what is in Bryson'sbook already mentioned .
This is what has been said by some, to explain Ibn Sina's borrowing from Bryson. Abu Hamid al-Ghazali may have done just the same, although he does not indicate that he borrowed from anyone. However, a reading of the section in The Revival of the Religious Sciences (Ihya' 'ulum al-din) on training boys, entitled ‘Explanation of the way in the exercise of boys when they are first growing, and how to train them and improve their character' shows clearly the points of resemblance between what was said by both Ghazali and Miskawayh, borrowing from another source; which has led some to say that al-Ghazali copied from Miskawayh without indicating the fact . Despite this, and as it is now known that Miskawayh borrowed from and clearly defined his Greek source, then it may perhaps be said that the source of both was the same, except that it is the Greek heritage translated into Arabic in a variety of versions. In this case perhaps al-Ghazali was one who copied directly from the text of Bryson, well known before his time and perhaps also during it, and did not borrow from Miskawayh; or perhaps he read the Greek original, and also read Miskawayh, and took from them both; for not much real difference exists between the translation and the composition.
Despite all this, the fact remains that both were influenced by an Arabic translation known as ‘the Book of Brusun (or Brisis) on domestic economy'; that each of them still kept his distinctive viewpoint and his aim in training young men and boys in particular, and the aspects of his philosophy as a whole. Maybe it can be said also that although al-Ghazali was influenced by this, yet his expression of the final aim of training young boys remained closer to the spirit of the Islamic religion than Miskawayh; that is because for al-Ghazali the actual content of education, or its material, was taken from the Qur'an and the Prophet's sunna .
Perhaps it also needs to be pointed out that Miskawayh was content simply to talk about the training of boys, without giving any details concerning the content of this training or the educational material which should be learnt by the boy; likewise he did not refer to the teachers, nor their manners and culture, as did others whose aims were in fact to write about the educational process and things connected with it .
If Miskawayh wove together his thinking from both religious and philosophical sources, or he did not hesitate to take over what the minds of wise men had concluded in the moral realm and met with the objectives of the Islamic shari`a - yet his being influenced by the new cultures was not entirely good. For what is particularly noticeable in everything Miskawayh said previously is that he spoke only about training young boys, to the exclusion of girls, and he did not direct any obvious care towards them nor to women in general. In this he was influenced by the source from which he drew, or the portion of the book that he uses, and did not add to it. In this case, it would seem Miskawayh was writing for an imaginary, non-existent society, one in which women had no place, and hence he restricted his discussion to boys, the men of tomorrow, and no more. Maybe it has been said also that he did acknowledge the existence of women in his society, yet the evil opinions widespread about them, and influenced by the new cultures, caused him not to give any concern to them. For the philosophers, or those who were influenced by the new philosophies, opposed the spirit of Islam and what was decreed by the Tradition (hadith) and sunna of the Prophet, in this point in particular, where they confined themselves to men in expressing their educational opinions, and kept women well outside their concerns in the sphere of teaching .
If Miskawayh did distance himself from natural life on this point, yet the rules of conduct which he presents and the exercise desirable for training young boys did not show concern for this boy's existence in everyday life, and did not prepare him for customary practical human life, to the extent that it prepared him for a life closer to that of the military, harsh, tough, and ascetic. In addition to this, what he would acquire as a result of this endeavour would be much clearer when the soul freed itself from the body; for the reward is for later, when this life is finished, when the spirit will obtain closeness to the Perfectly Happy, as has already been mentioned.
Although Miskawayh indicated society in a city, and its necessity for the human being, he did not refer to the various kinds of work with its necessity and importance for the permanence of this city and also for the human beings living in it. That is, he did not speak about preparing the boy for work, and his various roles as producer and consumer, one with a profession or craft or labour by which to provide for his future. By reference to his words about the necessity of linking learning with action, the action meant here seems to be human conduct in general, and not productive work from the economic angle as we understand it today. This also places him nearer the thought of the new culture, regarding its elevation of intellectual activity and leaving work to the lower orders in society, to servants and slaves. So he did not consider preparation for earthly life, from the angle of work and acquiring a livelihood, to be among the aims of the upbringing and training of young boys. Maybe this could be interpreted as saying he did acknowledge that his book was for the few, and not for the general public; therefore that he was presenting an education to prepare a learned, thinking élite, striving to purify the soul, with sufficient time and maybe also ampleness of life-style which permitted them that, for then the aim of training was all concentrated on benefit for the individual in the first place and not for the whole community.
Although the responsibility of refining and purifying the soul is an individual one, where every human being is responsible for himself in the first place, and then to complete the virtues he can help others in following along the way - yet Miskawayh did not speak of acts of worship obligatory for mankind in Islam, for these are responsibilities which fall on the shoulders of the adult person. Nor did Miskawayh mention any one of the foundations of culture in the Islamic community, except for religion and the learning and sciences and so on, which are closely connected with it. Maybe he considered this among the matters which are completed at an early stage, which the individual can reach and practise without much assistance; or that they have their foundations to which the boy can be directed; then what he presents in his book is only concerned with particular matters known only to the privileged. This may be born out by the fact that Miskawayh's talking about training young boys was only one part of his ethical thinking, and was not one of his precisely intended aims.
To sum up the foregoing, the basic aim of training and exercise and acquisition of knowledge, and working by it, is the refinement and purification of the soul: hence fulfilling its perfection in this world, then reaching its happiness, realized by proximity to the Perfectly Happy. So the basic, and final, aim of training is an ethical aim, although it speaks of closeness to God by way of seeking to resemble Him in the hope of proximity to Him, and acquiring absolute happiness by this proximity. This idea is taken mainly from Aristotle, following what Miskawayh says about happiness by closeness to the Perfectly Happy, and is not satisfaction of God and attaining the reward in His paradise which God the Most High promised to His servants who follow His commands and avoid what He prohibits. It is confirmed that ‘the Happy' is not one of the attributes of God the Most High in the Islamic view; so bringing the human soul to realize supreme happiness by closeness to the Perfectly Happy after being set free from the body, in its picture which Miskawayh presents, expresses only an ethical philosophical aim, rather than a religious aim. Hence, although Miskawayh lived in an Islamic cultural environment, he directed his intellect to Greek thought, and his aims for upbringing and training and refinement, or education in today's language, were an expression of the culture which he had borrowed from, not the culture in which he lived. Nevertheless, the basic credit here goes to the spirit predominant in the Islamic community, which could permit at least some of its thinkers to transmit, or be influenced by, cultures of other nations previous to itself, without impediment; and it confirms also the idea of the meeting of cultures and the cross-fertilization of world civilizations and their mutual influence, in an ongoing movement of human thought.
The human being will always remain capable of producing knowledge, seeking to increase it, transmitting it to others, adding to it, renewing it; which means it merits continual care and attention, to teach it, and, following Miskawayh's example, to refine character and purify the dispositions.
Miskawayh's advice to the seeker of wisdom, for example, we find published in the book of Yaqut al-Hamawi, the Dictionary of Learned Men (Mu'jam al-udaba') (more usually Ma'rifat al-udaba'), trans. & ed. Margoliouth, ii. 49 ff.
- Javidhan Khirad (Persian) (Eternal wisdom) The Library of Cairo University, on the margin of manuscript of Nuzhat al-arwah wa-raudat al-afrah of Shahrazuri, microfilm No. 23005.
- Nadia Jamal al-Din, Ma'a kitab tahdhib al-akhlaq wa-tathir al-a'raq, published in the book of Hassan Muhammad Hassan (jointly), Madaris al-tarbiya fi l-hadara al-Islamiyya (Schools of education in Islamic civilization), Cairo, Dar al-fikr al-'arabi, 1984, 268, 301.
- Ibn Miskawayh, Tahdhib al-akhlaq (Cultivation of Morals), ed. C. Zurayk (1966), American University of Beirut Centennial Publications, Beirut; trans. C. Zurayk (1968), The Refinement of Character, American University of Beirut, Beirut. (A summary of Ibn Miskawayh's ethical system; this work is also known as Taharat al-a'raq (Purity of Dispositions)).
- Arkoun, M. (1970), Contribution à l'Étude de l'humanisme arabe au IVe/Xe siècle: Miskawayh, philosophe et historien (320/325-421) = (932/936-1030) (Contribution to the Study of Arab Humanism in the 4th/10th Century: Miskawayh, Philosopher and Historian), Paris: Vrin; revised 2nd ed, 1982. (The standard exegesis of Ibn Miskawayh's contribution to philosophy and history).
- Goodman, L. (1996), 'Friendship in Aristotle, Miskawayh and al-Ghazali' in O. Leaman (ed.) Friendship East and West: Philosophical Perspectives, Curzon, Richmond, pp. 164-91. (A range of views on friendship, and their philosophical significance explained.)
- Leaman, O. (1996a), 'Ibn Miskawayh' in S.H. Nasr and O. Leaman (eds.) History of Islamic Philosophy, Routledge, London, pp. 252-7. (An account of the context within which Ibn Miskawayh worked and the influence of his views).
- Leaman, O. (1996c), 'Secular Friendship and Religious Devotion' in O. Leaman (ed.) Friendship East and West: Philosophical Perspectives, Curzon, Richmond. (account of Ibn Miskawayh's notion of friendship and a comparison with contrary views).
- <a "="" data-cke-saved-href="http://muslimheritage.com/topics/default.cfm?ArticleID=1070#section8" href="http://muslimheritage.com/topics/default.cfm?ArticleID=1070#section8"" data-cke-saved-name="sec8" name="sec8" title="">Miskawayeh's books in arabic from Maktabat al-Mostafa al-iliktruniya (Al-Mostafa Electronic Library): Tahdhib al-akhlaq; Tajarib al-'umam; Tajarib al-umam wa ta'aqub al-himam.
- Miskawayh and al-Tawhidi, Al-Hawamil wa'l-Shawamil. Edited by A. Amin and A. Saqar. Cairo: Matba'a Lujna al-Ta'lif wa'l-Tarjama wa'l-Nashr, 1370/1951.
- Miskawayh, Al-Fawz al-Asghar. Edited by Tahir Efendi. Beirut, 1319/1900. Translated by J. W. Sweetman, Al-Fawz al-Asghar: The Shorter Theology of Ibn Miskawayh. In Islam and Christian Theology, 2 vols., 1945,1947. London: Lutterworth Press, vol. 1, Part One, pp. 93-185.
- Miskawayh, Jawidan Khirad. Edited by A. R. Badawi. Beirut: Dar al-Andalus, 1983.
- Miskawayh, Kitab al-Sa'ada. Edited by A. al-Tubiji. Cairo: al-Madrasa al-Sina'iyya al-Ilahiyya, 1335/1917.
- Miskawayh, Tajarib al-Umam. Edited by H. F. Amedroz and D. S. Margoliouth in The Eclipse of the `Abbasid Caliphate, 2 vols, 1914/1916. Cairo: Matba'at al-Tamaddun al-Sina'iyya. Translated by H.F. Amedroz and D.S. Margoliouth. 1920-1921. TheEclipse of the Abbasid Caliphate. Oxford: Blackwell. Vols. IV, V and VII.
- Miskawayh, Tahdhib al-Akhlaq. Edited by C.K. Zurayk. Beirut: American University of Beirut, 1966. Translated by C.K. Zurayk, The Refinement of Character. Beirut: American University of Beirut, 1968.
8.3. Education, teaching and learning institutions on MuslimHeritage.com
- Ibn Sina on Education
- Muslim Heritage and Education
- Education in Islam - The role of the Mosque
- Al-Azhar University - 1000 years of Scholarship
- Al-Ghazali's Views on Children's Education
- Ottoman Educational Institutions during the Reform Period
- Madrasas of the Ottoman Empire
- The Development and Decline of Ottoman Madrasas
- Madrasa Education during the Early Ottoman Period
- Islam, Science and Learning
- General Organisation of Education and Teaching Methods in Islamic Civilisation
- Learning Institutions in Islam
- Knowledge, Learning Institutions and Libraries in Islam: Book Publishing and Paper Making
- Al-Ghazali's Views on Children's Education
- Ranking of the Ottoman Madrasas
- The Development and Decline of Ottoman Madrasas
- Curricula in Ottoman Madrasas
- Primary Schools under the Ottomans
- Al-Qarawiyyin Mosque and University
- Learning Institutions in Islam
- Islam and Learning
- The world-class University of Sankore, Timbuktu
- The Ottoman Madrassa
- Karatay Madrasa, Konya 1252
Nadia Gamal-al-Din (Egypt) Professor in the principles of education, College of Education, ‘Ayn Shams University, Cairo. In 1987, she was awarded the State Prize for the Advancement of the Socail Sciences (Education). Her books on education among the Muslims include Falsafat al-tarbiya ‘Inda Ikhwan al-Safa' [Philosophy of Education in (the works of) the Brethren of Purity] (1983); Madaris al-tarbiya fi lhadara al-islamiyya [Schools of Education in Islamic Civilization] (co-author, 1984). She has also published papers in a number of adult education periodicals, with particular reference to illiteracy among village women. The most recent of these papers was published in Women and Literacy Development in the Third World, edited by Eve Malmquist (1992).
See for instance: Adam Metz, Al-hadara al-islamiyya fi l-qarn al-rabi' al-hijri (Islamic civilization in the fourth century H) trans. Muhammad 'Abd al-Hadi Abu Rayda, Cairo, Lajnat al-ta'lif wa-l-tarjama wa-lnashr, 1957.
See for instance Abu Hayyan al-Tawhidi, Al-Imta' wa-l-mu'anasa (delight and sociability), Beirut, Maktabat al-Hayat, n.d.; T.J. De Boer, Ta'rikh al-falsafa fi 'l-Islam (History of philosophy in Islam), trans. Muhammad 'Abd al-Hadi Abu Rayda, Cairo, 1938.
'Abd al-'Aziz 'Izzat, Ibn Miskawayh, falsafatuhu al-akhlaqiyya wa-masadiruha (Ibn Miskawayh: his ethical philosophy and its sources), Cairo, Maktaba wa-Matba'at Mustafa al-Babi al-Halabi, 1946, 8. For more detail on the life of Miskawayh, see pp. 77-123.
For more detail on books translated from Greek in particular, and their translaters, see e.g. Ibn al-Nadim (Abu l-Faraj Muhammad b. Abi Ya'qub Ishaq, known as al-Warraq), Kitab al-Fihrist, ed. Rida Tajaddud, Tehran, 1971.
For more detail, additional to the above, see: al-Qifti (Jamal al-Din Abu l-Mahasin 'Ali b. al-Qadi al-Ashraf Yusuf), Ikhbar al-'ulama' bi-akhbar al-hukama' (on wise men and philosophers), Beirut, Dar al-Athar li-l-taba'a wa-l-nashr wa-l-tawzi', n.d.
'Abd al-'Aziz 'Izzat, Ibn Miskawayh, 349 ff. See more detail at the end (of this article), the section on Ibn Miskawayh's scientific works. For more detail on the special effect of the writings of this period on Islamic civilization, in addition to Adam Metz, see: Ahmad Amin, Zuhr al-Islam (Islam's noon-day), Cairo, Maktabat al-Nahda al-Misriyya, 1966 (4 parts).
Abu 'Ali Ahmad b. Muhammad, known as Ibn Miskawayh, Tahdhib al-akhlaq, Cairo, Maktabat Muhammad 'Ali Subayh, 1959, 76. The opinion we think reliable is that he is Miskawayh, not ‘Ibn Miskawayh'; but this work is not edited, and the name on the cover is ‘Ibn Miskawayh'. So we need to point this out here, as it is given thus on the cover, in accordance with usual academic practice.
(Ibn) Miskawayh, ibid., 76.
Ibid., 30.
Ibid., 7.
Ibid., 137.
'Izzat, Ibn Miskawayh, 387.
(Ibn) Miskawayh, 226-235.
Ibid., 3.
Ibid., 40-41.
Ibid., 42, 60, 203.
'Izzat, 383.
For more detail on the various meanings and uses of this word, see: Nadia Jamal al-Din, in: Hassan Muhammad Hassan and Nadia Jamal al-Din, Madaris al-tarbiya fi 'l-hadara al-islamiyya (Schools of education in Islamic civilization), Cairo, Dar al-Fikr al-'arabi, 1984, 194-8.
For more detail on this point in particular see: 'Abd al-Fath Jalal, Min usul al-tarbiya fi l-Islam (of the sources of education in Islam), Sars al-liyan (Sierra Leone) Matba'at al-markaz al-duwali li-l-ta'lim al-wazifi li-l-kibar fi l-'alam al-'arabi, 1977, 17 ff.
(Ibn) Miskawayh, 35.
For more detail, and for information on what Miskawayh took from the Greek philosopher Aristotle, and his books translated into Arabic, see: 'Izzat, Ibn Miskawayh, 366 ff. On the comparison with what Miskawayh mentioned, taken from the book of ‘Brusun', as he referred to his name, translated into Arabic, see ibid., 425 ff. This point will be treated in detail later.
For more detail see ibid.
(Ibn) Miskawayh, 36.
Ibid., 31.
Ibid., 66-67.
Ibid., 76.
Ibid., 34-35.
Ibid., 126.
Ibid., 64-65.
Ibid., 176.
Ibid., 67.
Ibid., 177.
Ibid., 174.
Ibid., 75, 105, 125, 175.
Ibid., 37.
Ibid., 57; see also 77.
Ibid., 58-59.
Ibid., 66.
Ibid., 35.
Ibid., 60.
Ibid., 35.
Ibid., 61-64.
Ibid., 64.
Ibid., 65.
Ibid., 62.
Ibid., 64.
'Izzat, 43.
(Ibn) Miskawayh, 66.
Ibid., 35.
Ibid., 104.
Ibid., 51.
Ibid., 35.
Ibid., 35-36.
Ibid., 65.
'Izzat, 137.
Hisham Nashaba, al-Turath al-tarbawi al-islami fi khams makhtutat (The Islamic educational heritage in five manuscripts), Beirut, Dar al-'ilm li-l-malayin, 1988, 8.
Ibid., 9. See also, 'Izzat, 367, 425, 430. There is one copy of the manuscript of ‘Brusun', in Dar al-kutub al-Misriyya (the Egyptian National Library), Taymur Pasha No. 290, Ethics, entitled ‘The book of Brusis on domestic economy'; also under the title, ‘from the words of the sage Brusun on domestic economy'; published by the Orientalist Paul Kraus, authenticating this, in the Journal of the College of Arts, Fu'ad I University (now Cairo University), Egypt, vol. 1, May 1937. 'Abd al-'Aziz 'Izzat gave many details in his book, q.v.
Imam al-Ghazali, Ihya' 'ulum al-din (Revival of the Religious Sciences), foreword by Badawi Tabana, Egypt, Dar Ihya' al-kutub al-'arabiyya, n.d., iii. 69-72.
Zaki Mubarak, al-Akhlaq 'inda al-Ghazali (Ghazali's Ethics), Cairo, Dar al-kitab al-'arabi li-l-tibaca wa-lnashr, 1968, 224 ff.
For more detail, see: Muhammad Nabil Nawfal, Abu Hamid al-Ghazali wa-ara'uhu fi l-tarbiya wa-l-ta'lim (Abu Hamid al-Ghazali and his views on education), unpublished MA thesis, Cairo, Maktabat Kulliyat al-tarbiya, 'Ayn Shams University, 1967, 339.
See, e.g., Ben Sahnun, Adab al-mu'allimin (Manners of teachers), and al-Qabisi (Abu l-Hasan 'Ali b. Khalaf), al-Risala al-mufassila li-ahwal al-muta'allimin wa-l-mu'allimin (Detailed epistle on the conditions of learners and teachers), both published in: Ahmad Fu'ad al-Ahwani, al-Tarbiya fi l-Islam (Education in Islam), Dar al-ma'arif al-misriyya, 1961.
See, e.g., Nadia Jamal al-Din, Falsafat al-tarbiya 'inda Ikhwan al-Safa' (Philosophy of education in (the views of) the Brethren of Purity), Cairo, al-Markaz al-'arabi li-l-sahafa, 1983.
For more details on the sources of this objective see 'Izzat, 368.
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This extension serves as a helper to stringify documents in a way that they can be indexed
by full-text search engines such as Foswiki:Extensions/KinoSearchContrib
It supports all major office document formats such as:
is organized in plugins to serialization a document format by delegating it to according backends.
For some formats there are alternative backends to chose from. For example a DOC file can be serialized
by any of
. Use the one that serves best your needs and
is available on your platform. For instance
is a very good choice to serve as a document converter.
However using it is rather performance demanding. The more simpler ones suffice most of the time but may
have an inferior quality of text being extracted.
Backends for Word Documents
To index Word Documents (
) you will need to install one of the following:
Backend for PDF
files you need to install
Backend for PPT
files you may select one of the following:
Backends for DOCX, PPTX, XLSX
To index these file types, you will need to install the following tools from Sourceforge:
Then set the command path to these tools in
Backend for OpenDocument and Staroffice documents
To index these file types you need to install odt2txt
Installing the Contrib
You do not need to install anything in the browser to use this extension. The following instructions are for the administrator who installs the extension on the server.
Open configure, and open the "Extensions" section. Use "Find More Extensions" to get a list of available extensions. Select "Install".
If you have any problems, or if the extension isn't available in
, then you can still install manually from the command-line. See http://foswiki.org/Support/ManuallyInstallingExtensions
for more help.
There are a number of settings that need to be set in
before you can use the Contrib.
Test of the Installation
- Test if the installation was successful:
- Check that
wvHtml is in place: Type
wvHtml on the prompt and check that the command exists.
- Check that
pdftotext is in place: Type
pdftotext on the prompt and check that the command exists.
- Check that
ppthtml is in place: Type
ppthtml on the prompt and check that the command exists.
stringify some files (see below)
Test of Stringification with
Some users report problems with the stringification: The stringifier scipts
fails, takes too long on attachments. Some times this may result from
installation errors, especially of the installation of the backends for the
give you the opportunity to test the stringification in advance.
In the result you see, which stringifier is used and the result of the
Umlaute: Grober, Uberschall, Anderung
In this extension, a plug-in mechanism is implemented, so that additional
stringifiers can be added without changing the existing code. All stringifier
plugins are stored in the directory
You can add new stringifier plugins by just adding new files here. The minimum
things to be implemented are:
- The plugin must inherit from
- The plugin must register itself by
- The plugin must implement the method
$text = stringForFile ($filename)
All the stringifiers have unit tests associated with them, and we would
encourage you to provide unit tests for any you wish to contribute. See
for more information on unit testing.
|Spreadsheet::ParseExcel||>0||Required for |
|Spreadsheet::XLSX||>0||Required for |
|pdftotext||>0||Required for indexing |
.pdf. Part of poppler-utils
|soffice||>0||One of antiword, abiword, soffice or wvWare is required for |
|antiword||>0||One of antiword, abiword, soffice or wvWare is required for =.doc files|
|abiword||>0||One of antiword, abiword, soffice or wvWare is required for |
|wvWare||>0||One of antiword, abiword, soffice or wvWare is required for |
|html2text||>0||Required for indexing html files|
|odt2txt||>0||Required for indexing OpenDocument and StarOffice documents|
| 18 Oct 2015:
|| (4.20) removed dependency on File::MMagic; now using extension-based mime detection
| 01 Oct 2015:
|| (4.10) don't default to pass-through for non-supported document types; fixed unit tests
| 29 Sep 2015:
|| (4.00) added unicode support with Foswiki > 2.0
| 22 Jul 2015:
|| (3.10) added support for stringification of ppt using catdoc as ppthtml isn't available on some distros
| 29 Aug 2014:
|| (3.00) added support for stringification using open/libreoffice
| 07 May 2012:
|| (2.20) added configuration parameter to specify the encoding of the output of each external helper in use
| 17 Oct 2011:
|| (2.10) using wvText instead of wvHtml now; encoding stringified files to the site's charset now; fixed unit tests to use utf8 exclusively
| 05 Sep 2011:
|| (2.00) added OpenDocument serializer; removed dependency left-over on Text::Iconv; added dependency on odt2txt; fixed defaults for wv serializer
| 01 Dec 2010:
|| (1.20) moved core from StringifierContrib to Stringifier not to disturb
| 12 Nov 2010:
|| (1.14) Foswiki:Main.PadraigLennon - Foswikitask:Item9311
| 23 Oct 2010:
|| (1.12) made system fault-tolerant in case of missing dependencies for a given file type; doc cleanup -- Foswiki:Main.WillNorris
| 12 Feb 2010:
|| robust parsing of password protected XLS files
| 02 Oct 2009:
|| extracted from Foswiki:Extensions/KinoSearchContrib (MD)
|
<urn:uuid:f28b74b5-c64a-4f1f-863b-4a40d63d7813>
|
CC-MAIN-2016-44
|
http://foswiki.org/Extensions/StringifierContrib
|
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|
en
| 0.682763
| 1,388
| 1.96875
| 2
|
[Unlock Answer From 10/Pg] Two Additional Posts
Each week, you will be asked to respond to the prompt or prompts in the discussion forum. Your initial post should be 75-150 words in length, and is due on Sunday. By Tuesday, you should respond to two additional posts from your peers.
The Kirkpatrick Model
Kirkpatrick is known for four levels of evaluation:
- Level 1: Reaction
- Level 2: Learning
- Level 3: Behavior
- Level 4: Results
How can these simple four levels be applicable in most organizations? Why would we want the same four levels in most organizations?
|
<urn:uuid:1b20db6e-8ae8-483d-8b7d-514ab2762dce>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://nursinghomeworkshelp.com/unlock-answer-from-10-pg-two-additional-posts/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00478.warc.gz
|
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| 0.929533
| 130
| 1.53125
| 2
|
From its first month of existence in July of 1911 to its corporate peak in the late 1970s and early 1980s, International Business Machines Corporation developed to become one of the computer industry's powerhouses. Depending on the definition of the market, IBM once controlled between 40 percent (by their definition) and 70 percent (by the United States Government's definition) of the computer market. According to Scott McNealy, chairman and chief executive of Sun Microsystems, "monopoly sets in at about a 30 percent market share." By this definition, there is no question that IBM's monopolistic powers reached a point where government intervention was necessary.
In the early years, IBM concentrated on solving the census problem. After merging with Herman Hollerith, inventor and patent holder of three census machines, IBM was well on its way to becoming a force in the business industry. Their next endeavor was to hire creative engineers who could think beyond the present technology. Some of the technology developed were several accounting machines and the IBM Card, which was used for the US Census and commanded twice the information compared to previous methods for calculating the census. Internal competition led to increased morale and faster rates of production. In the 1940s, the government-funded ENIAC was a setback for powerful IBM. However, in 1946 and 1947, IBM came out with the industry's first products employing electronic digital computation; the IBM 603 Electronic Multiplier and the IBM 604 Electronic Calculating Punch provided speed and flexibility of operation unmatched by any calculator in the marketplace.
IBM's belief was that innovation, creativity, and hard work would lead to positive turnover. This motto definitely worked to IBM's advantage. Between 1914 and 1993, the worldwide gross revenue of IBM increased 15,000-fold from about $4 million per year to about $63 billion per year. Over that time period, IBM introduced many new technologies including the IBM 407 Accounting Machine in 1949, the Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) in 1956, and the IBM Personal Computer in August of 1981. The impact of these and their other products was immense. The personal computer is arguably the most important piece of technology to come out of the late 1970s and early 1980s. However, partly because IBM had such a stronghold over the market, these machines cost the public up to $6500 for the CPU, monitor, and keyboard. The lack of competition led to IBM's complete control over prices as well as direction of technology. IBM's excessive powers made it that much more difficult for startup companies and even established companies in the computer industry to succeed. Essentially, a monopoly takes away a market as an option for other companies to pursue. It also leads to a totalitarian state of affairs. If IBM had continued their market hegemony through the present, the world market, which is increasingly dependent on technological products and services, would be at the hands of one organization.
Back to Danger of Corporate Monopolies Main Page
|
<urn:uuid:c389518f-5d1f-4dfc-bd04-5341aa79f53f>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://cs.stanford.edu/people/eroberts/courses/cs181/projects/1995-96/corporate-monopolies/development_ibm.html
|
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|
en
| 0.973112
| 595
| 3.421875
| 3
|
Articulate Presenter and Articulate Quizmaker have always had the option to publish to LMS. And, as Tom noted back in November, now Engage ’09 gives you the option to publish to LMS, too. This post will cover the basics for publishing Studio ’09 content for your LMS.
A Consistent Authoring Experience
As Studio ’09 customers know, one of the nice things about using the products in the suite is the similar look and feel of each product’s interface — from the Office-style Ribbon toolbar:
…to the Publish Success dialog:
A key point to note in the Publish Success dialog is the option to zip your published output. In previous versions of Presenter and Quizmaker, if you published to LMS, your output would be zipped by default. With the Studio ’09 products, make sure to select the Zip button if you’re publishing to a SCORM-compatible LMS.
Here are the Steps to Publish for Your LMS From Studio ’09
Whether you’re working in Presenter ’09, Quizmaker ’09, or Engage ’09, the steps are the same.
- Go to Publish -> LMS.
- In the LMS drop-down menu, specify the elearning standard supported by your LMS — SCORM 1.2, SCORM 2004, or AICC (we’ll use SCORM 1.2 in this example since it’s the most common):
- Input your desired Reporting and Tracking Options to send to your LMS:
- Click Publish and wait for your content to be converted to Flash:
- When you see the Publish Success dialog, click the option to Zip:
- In the New Zip File dialog, specify the location and file name for your zip file and click Save.
- After the save is complete, the folder where you saved your zip file will automatically open:
If you’re curious what’s inside the SCORM zip package you just created, it’s the standard published output files and folders (player.html, player, data, etc.). In addition, there are some files and a folder specific to LMS publishing:
Leave these files and structure intact. In fact, there’s really no need to unzip the package… it can usually just lead to trouble.
Getting the .Zip to Your LMS
Next, all you need to do is the following:
- Login to your LMS as an admin or author.
- Create a new content item in your LMS (often referred to as a SCO for “Sharable Content Object” — that’s the “SCO” part of “SCORM”).
- Upload the SCORM zip package you just created to this SCO in your LMS.
- Your LMS will do the rest, automatically unzipping the content after uploading, and reading your imsmanifest.xml file to obtain necessary tracking and reporting details, along with other metadata related to your course, quiz, survey, or interaction (it should also automatically launch your content via index_lms.html).
If you run into any issues with getting your content to work in your LMS, your first stop should be the blog entry I wrote last year: 9 Ways to Troubleshoot Articulate & LMS Issues.
You can also contact your LMS provider directly with any questions specific to the upload portion of this tutorial.
New Features in Studio ’09 LMS Publishing
No entry about new products would be complete without highlighting a few key changes in the new versions from our old products:
- LMS Support in Engage ’09: As noted earlier, you can now create a learning object directly from Engage ’09 to track in your LMS, as you would a course, quiz, or survey. Just look for the LMS publish option in Engage ’09.
- Resume Support in Quizmaker ’09: As with Presenter ’09, you can now opt to have your users resume a quiz from the point where they left off. To enable, look for the resume section in Player Templates: Navigation.
- Option to Disable Resume in LMS: If your LMS supports resume (the cmi.suspend_data call), a course will always resume using the LMS’s resume functionality when you have the Prompt to resume on presentation restart feature enabled. What’s new in Presenter ’09 is that if you uncheck that box, Presenter ’09 will no longer send cmi.suspend_data to the LMS (you told us you wanted the option not to resume in your LMS, and we listened). There’s also a new option called When running in LMS, ignore Flash cookie. As noted in our documentation on the topic: “If checked, the course will always resume by using the LMS’ bookmarking feature (if your LMS supports it). If unchecked, your content will resume using the LMS’ resume data, but will use the Flash cookie if the LMS does not support resume.” In other words, you should always be able to get the resume functionality you desire.
- Launch in New Window: In old versions of Presenter, you might run into tracking issues if you launched your course in a new window via your LMS. Now, with Presenter ’09, you have the option to safely launch your course in a new window via your LMS and rest assured that tracking will work as expected.
Saba 5.4 customers: If you run into any tracking issues, please refer to this Knowledge Base article to learn more.
Finally, if you need assistance troubleshooting issues with your specific LMS, contact Rustici Software, a consulting firm you may want to hire to assist you.
|
<urn:uuid:28ce6760-4a2c-49ed-b3d2-75114b3b1e83>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://blogs.articulate.com/word-of-mouth/publish-to-lms-with-studio-09/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573029.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817153027-20220817183027-00275.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.891776
| 1,265
| 1.648438
| 2
|
I am doing cooking project with about 10-15 kids a week and a half from now. The recipe needs to be from Brazil, and the kids range in age from 3-10 but are mostly in the younger segment of that age group (3-6). I have several friends from Brazil and may need to consult them, but I thought first I'd consult the "Cafe Brazil" cookbook I was given by someone in preparation for the project.
I found two recipes that seem like they might be useful. One is a simple recipe for fried plantains. It calls for 2 large plantains and oil or clarified butter for frying. I thought the older kids could pierce the plantains with a knife (well supervised of course) and the younger kids could try peeling it. The kids can also slice the peeled plantains into lengthwise quarters for fries (using a butterknife-- are fresh plantains soft enough to cut with a butterknife?). Of course, then I would have to spend several minutes frying the plantains while the kids did something else, and then we could eat them warm like french fries.
An alternative recipe is for "Angels' Cheeks" and the recipe came from Potugese nuns who came to Brazil and introduced them. I might ask my Potugese father-in-law if he has ever had them too because they sound yummy and interesting.
That recipe would require me to beat egg whites until they were firm (Maybe before the kids arrived? Also-- what exactly does "firm" mean?). Then the kids could beat in the 6 egg yolks, which need to be beaten in individually, as well as beat in the baking powder and flour. Kids who didn't want to help with beating could butter muffin tins, and then they could help pour the batter into the tins. The cakes bake for 20 minutes and are supposed to puff up and turn a "lovely golden color." There is a syrup, made from sugar and water that is brought to a boil (and then when cool, vanilla extract is added), which I could make or have some of the older kids help with. After the cakes cool, the kids could place them in a shallow dish so I could pour the syrup over them.
The second recipe might take too much time, but perhaps not (we have about 45 minutes to one hour for all our activities, and we have at least one other activity to do besides the cooking). On the other hand, I like that the second activity has several ways the kids can get involved and I'm not stuck frying something on my own. Then again, the fried plantains could be a more manageable activity with the number of young kids I expect. But that would require me to add shopping to my to-do list for the week, as I don't have any plantains on hand. The plantains are probably are less sugary, but we could go light on the syrup with the puffed cakes. I'm gonna hopefully have some time to try the recipe a little later this week. Any suggestions about which one might work better?
|
<urn:uuid:4f7a918a-0c52-4214-b3ba-714a93417102>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.mothering.com/forum/267-nutrition-good-eating/165662-cooking-project.html
|
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|
en
| 0.983921
| 634
| 1.90625
| 2
|
Your garden is planted and filled with those little plastic plant markers that come with your potted herbs and flowers. Why not make a fun, artistic statement in your garden instead? These easy plant markers are made from rocks you can find in your yard, or you can purchase a bag at the craft store. This is a great project for kids too.
Note: The rocks you choose need to accommodate the names of plants you have growing in your garden — keep in mind that you'll need a longer or larger rock for "marjoram" than you would for "kale." Use a piece of paper to map out what rocks will get what names.
•Outdoor craft paint in white and color(s) of your choice
•Black paint marker or Sharpie
•Paintbrushes, one large and one small
•Pencil or toothpick
•Clear outdoor sealer
1. Wash the rocks; dry thoroughly. It may be necessary to let them sit for an hour or so because rocks are porous and can absorb water.
2. Paint the rocks in desired colors. We used bright hues, but consider what's best for your yard; earth tones may be a better choice — or a single color. For the longest life of your plant markers, it's important to allow adequate drying time; allow at least one hour between coats. Some colors may need more coats than others in order to cover.
3. Once your rocks are painted and dry, use a black paint pen or Sharpie marker to write the names of the plants.
4. To decorate, use the handle end of a large craft paintbrush and place dots on various spots in different colors. Use a smaller paintbrush handle to add smaller spots. Finally, use the tip of a pencil or a toothpick to add tiny white dots to the center of the larger dots. Allow the rocks to dry for two to three hours.
5. Apply a clear coat; allow to dry overnight.
Amanda Formaro is a professional crafter; find more projects at her website, craftsbyamanda.com.
|
<urn:uuid:fd3fde0e-0b9e-4f40-b599-113ed55c5cee>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.redeyechicago.com/sc-fam-0702-craft-plant-marker-20130701-story.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281331.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00225-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.921571
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Today's article cites a report from the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs (ACMD) that sheds light on the increased role industrial cleaners A-butyrolactone and 1,4-butanediol were playing in rape cases.
"This reality makes a recent ruling by a UK appeal court that a student was not raped, because she had voluntarily consumed large quantities of alcohol, even more troubling," the editorial continues.
According to the Lancet, the ACMD has recommended that the Department of Health (DoH) develop new guidelines for staff in accident and emergency departments to improve the management of victims of rape involving drugs.
The editorial asks: "Because people who have been sexually assaulted often do not seek help from emergency departments or the police, should other health-care professionals be trained in the management of rape and sexual assault instead?
"Doctors in different specialties are likely to encounter people who have been sexually assaulted, but often have not received any training in this area. Correct examination, evidence gathering, and immediate medical care are essential but often lacking as the latest report from the Crown Prosecution Service inspectorate highlights," it continues.
"A recent survey of UK medical schools showed that only a quarter provide teaching about sexual assault, with many thinking that this topic is too specialist for the undergraduate curriculum. By contrast, in other countries, such as Canada, training in how to deal with victims of sexual assault is routinely given to medical students."
The editorial concludes: "The UK survey concluded that because rape is so common and traumatic, all medical schools should consider teaching in this area. Victims of rape deserve a better response, and teaching future doctors how to respond would be a good start."
Click here to run an energy price comparison, and see if you could be paying less for your gas and electricity.
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<urn:uuid:8a6c660a-6d73-4ec1-9cd0-5876e4652e4e>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
https://www.ukpower.co.uk/gas_electricity_news/4592-med-students-need-rape-victim-training
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281226.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00375-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.969542
| 369
| 2.390625
| 2
|
Irrigation limited to one day a week beginning Nov. 1
Starting Sunday, Nov. 1, landscape irrigation will be limited to one day a week across the 18 counties of the St. Johns River Water Management District, including in Seminole County.
Plants and grass need less water in cooler months and watering restrictions ensure the efficient use of water for lawn and landscape irrigation. One of the most important ways to help meet Florida's water supply needs for today and the future is through conservation.
Lawn and landscape irrigation often accounts for more than half of residential water use. Watering wisely promotes healthier lawns and landscapes and conserves Florida's water resources.
Because lawns need significantly less water in Florida's winter months, landscape irrigation is limited to one day a week on the following schedule when Eastern Standard Time is in effect:
Saturday at addresses that end in an odd number or have no address
Sunday at addresses that end in an even number
Tuesday for nonresidential landscape irrigation
No irrigation allowed between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m.
In addition, irrigation is limited to 3/4 inch of water per irrigation zone and to no more than one hour per irrigation zone.
The one-day-per-week restrictions will be in place until daylight saving time returns on March 13, 2016.
The restrictions apply to water withdrawn from ground or surface water, from a private well or pump, or from a public or private water utility, but they do not apply to irrigation using reclaimed water or storm water.
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|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://seminole.wateratlas.usf.edu/news/details/15197/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571987.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813202507-20220813232507-00266.warc.gz
|
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| 0.932434
| 313
| 2.296875
| 2
|
Thus far unaware of Dido's tragic demise, Aeneas stands aboard his ship, watching the city of Carthage burn in the distance. When the fleet reaches open water, Palinurus, the pilot, calls out to Aeneas that the wind has shifted; they will not yet be able to sail to Italy. Aeneas replies that struggling against the winds is useless, so they should seek shelter in the Sicilian town of Drepanum, where his father is buried and his friend Acestes lives. Acestes greets the voyagers joyfully and offers them shelter and food.
Aeneas realizes upon docking that it has been one year since the death of his father, so he orders a series of competitions to commemorate his passing. First, however, the Trojans offer sacrifices to Anchises. The moment that Aeneas calls out to his father, an enormous serpent crawls out of Anchises's shrine, tastes the feast that has been laid out, and returns harmlessly to the tomb. The men believe the serpent is the spirit of Anchises, and they resume the rites.
First, Aeneas calls for a boat race. Four boats are selected, with four captains to man them: Mnestheus, Gyas, Sergestus, and Cloanthus. The boats are to race out to an island in the ocean, where they will find an ilex branch that will signal them to turn around. Virgil offers a detailed description of the race, with all four captains determined to win at any cost. Cloanthus is the victor, though Aeneas offers prizes to all four captains - even to Sergestus, the loser, who receives a female slave as compensation for his humiliation.
The next competition is a footrace. The first two Trojans to enter the race are Nisus and Euryalus (whom we will meet again during the battle against the Latins). Although Nisus initially has a strong lead, he slips in sacrificial blood and falls. He trips up Salius, who was in second place, so that his friend (and probable lover) Euryalus will win. Aeneas, the "best of fathers" (472), is such a fair leader that he again gives all the men prizes, so that Nisus is not punished for having slipped and Salius is not punished for having been tripped.
Next, Aeneas calls for a boxing match. The enormous, young Dares enters immediately but can find no one brave enough to challenge him. Finally, after much urging, the legendary Entellus enters the match. It is a battle between youth and experience, and it is the latter who ultimately emerges victorious. Aeneas, in the end, must intervene and tell Dares to give up so that the younger man is not killed in the fight.
The final event is an archery competition, in which all the men must attempt to shoot a dove out of the air. This competition is most noteworthy because Acestes's arrow bursts into flames and disintegrates, which the men interpret as a powerful omen. Following this event, Aeneas calls for Ascanius, who is permitted to come out with his friends and "show himself in arms" (724). This is a great honor for the young man, in essence marking his coming-of-age.
The happy festivities take a turn for the worse when Juno intervenes to cause dissent among the Trojan women, many of whom are tired of traveling and wish to settle in Drepanum. She appears to them in the guise of Beroe, an elderly woman, and urges them to set fire to the Trojan ships so that they will be unable to continue their journey. When the goddess reveals her true shape, the women are stunned into action, and they light the ships aflame. Fortunately, Aeneas notices the burning ships in time to appeal to Jupiter. Jupiter takes pity on the Trojans and sends a thunderstorm that saves all of the ships except four.
That night, Anchises's shade appears to Aeneas in a dream, urging him to take the bravest of his group with him to Italy. First, however, Anchises tells Aeneas to travel to Dis, in order to seek a meeting with him in the underworld. Upon awakening, Aeneas calls his companions together and tells them that anyone who wishes to remain behind - those who do not seek "great fame" (990) - may do so. Aeneas founds a city to be reigned over by Acestes, and he uses a plow to separate it into two districts named Troy and Ilium.
In the meantime Venus, distressed by Juno's unending efforts to harm the Trojans, appeals to Neptune, asking the god of the sea to help the fleet reach its destination safely. Neptune replies that he will watch over the Trojans and that only one man will be lost. Thus, after the Trojans set out to sea once again, the god of sleep enchants Palinurus, the pilot: his eyelids grow heavy, he relaxes his limbs, and he falls, in a deep sleep, into the dark ocean. Book V ends with Aeneas mourning the loss of his friend.
The lighter Book V stands in marked contrast to the tragedy and emotionality of Book IV. By following the climactic death of Dido with this relatively joyful, easygoing period, Virgil not only heightens the impact of Dido's demise, but also gives his audience a release period during which to process the events that have taken place thus far. This is not to say that Book V is unimportant or even unexciting: the Book describes a series of thrilling competitions that would have been immensely exhilarating and familiar to Virgil's contemporaries. Furthermore, the Book is shot through with elements of sorrow; the Trojan women threaten the future of the fleet, and Aeneas's companion and trusted pilot Palinurus falls overboard to his death. Virgil is, quite clearly, aware of the tragedy that can strike even those who are destined for greatness.
The competitions are being held to honor Anchises, who was buried on that very island exactly a year ago. By holding elaborate funeral rites and an extended series of festivities, Aeneas is demonstrating once again the great respect he has for his father. The fact that Aeneas now deals with the reality of his father's death also makes the following Book, in which Aeneas descends into the Underworld in the company of his father, more understandable.
There are two notable points in Book V where Aeneas demonstrates his remarkable leadership skills: first after the footrace, and again after the boxing match. When Nisus trips Salius so that his friend Euryalus wins the race, Salius is quite understandably angered by the unfairness of the situation. Aeneas declares Euryalus the victor - and the respect that he receives is evidenced by the fact that no ones dares question the decision - but also gives prizes to Salius and Nisus, both of whom lost through no flaw in their abilities. In the boxing match, Aeneas urges Dares to accede victory to the older, stronger Entellus. Although Dares initially bristles at Aeneas's words, he is pacified when Aeneas tells him that he should not question the will of the gods.
Another moment that demonstrates Aeneas's ability to pacify the masses occurs when he allows the Trojan women to remain in Drepanum. Although he momentarily questions his destiny and wonders aloud whether he should build his city in Sicily, Anchises's shade helps him see that he can please everyone by taking the strongest with him on his journey, while giving a home to those who wish to remain behind.
The death of Palinurus at the close of Book V casts a pallor over the entire chapter. Palinurus is one of Aeneas's most trusted companions: a truly honorable, courageous, loyal man. Even the very best men, it seems, are not rewarded for their valor if such rewards do not serve the dictates of fate. Palinurus is not even rewarded in death; in Book VI, Aeneas will find his comrade's shade wandering in misery alongside other unburied, restless souls. Although the sibyl of Cumae assures Palinurus that his corpse will one day be put to rest, it is clear that Palinurus is expendable, and even his good deeds in life do not guarantee him happiness or peace in death. Through Palinurus's death, Virgil reveals the depth of the sacrifices that must be made in the service of destiny.
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Ingalls Wilder's Little House on the Prairie
This is the original
home page devoted to Laura Ingalls Wilder and her nine Little House books,
and is the most comprehensive - and back after a hiatus!
This page is to share
my love of all the Little House books with you, and to keep you up-to-date
on new book releases about Laura Ingalls Wilder and special events at
the Laura Ingalls Wilder heritage sites. I hope you enjoy it!
Laura Ingalls Wilder for Homeschoolers
Activities for homeschoolers and teachers, including free printable worksheets,
lesson ideas and more.
Laura Ingalls Wilder Historical Sites
Take a holiday and visit the memorial sites across the US. Find more information
about the history of each location, what a visitor will find in the present,
and hours and admission prices for each site.
Music from the Little House Books
Lyrics to some of the favorite songs & hymns from the series.
Crafts & Activities from the Little House
Make butter, grind wheat, and other fun activities from the Little House
books. Complete instructions, perfect for fun, or incorporated as part
of a lesson plan.
Pioneer Recipes from the Little House Books
Do you want to make vinegar pie, cornbread or horehound candy? Look no
further than here for the recipes.
Biographies of Laura Ingalls Wilder's Friends
Ever wonder what happened to Cap Garland? Or what Mary did after the books
ended? Learn more about some of your favorite characters from the series.
Little House Books
Learn more about each book, including the new series of books fearturing
Martha, Caroline & Rose.
Primarily for scholars of Laura Ingalls Wilder, you will find things such
as wedding and birth announcements and obituaries.
Little House on the Prairie Television
Information on the television series, including a complete comprehensive
episode guide, cast, guest stars, emmy and golden globe awards, and the
popular Visitor's Guide to TV's
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By Whining And Being An Emotional Wreck, Hillary Clinton Is Embodying Every Negative Stereotype Women Have Been Trying To Get Rid Of For Years
Want to advertise with Turtleboy? Email us at firstname.lastname@example.org for more information.
Women have worked their ass off to achieve equal rights in this country. And one of the most important ways to do that is by showing the world that women are just as capable in the workplace as men are. For too long there has been a stereotype that women are more emotional than men, and it will affect productivity. Obviously this is not true of all women, which is why we’re so pro-feminist at Turtleboy Sports. Female turtle riders in particular are just as crafty and capable as their male counterparts.
But Hillary Clinton is apparently hellbent on undoing this by perpetuating every possible negative stereotype that has ever existed about women:
Yup, Hillary has been going around blaming pretty much everyone but herself for losing to the biggest joke of a candidate in American history. I cannot emphasize what a massive failure you are if you can’t beat Donald Trump, three weeks after a tape comes out that shows him talking about grabbing women by the pussy. That’s almost impossible to do, but she found a way to do it.
But shit happens. She lost. Get over it. You know what you do in a situation like this to prove that women are no different than men? You own it. You admit your mistakes and you move on with your life. You don’t write a book and go around blaming Bernie Sanders, Obama, the Russians, James Comey, and everyone else not named Hillary Clinton.
Not Hillary though, she announced in her book that she threw herself a pity party on election night because she didn’t have a concession speech written:
Remember when John Kerry, Al Gore, and John McCain moped around 11 months after losing and complained about how they “couldn’t feel” after they lost? Oh yea, me neither. Way to show the world that a female candidate for President can handle defeat the same way a male can Hillary!
What sucks about this is that Hillary is perpetuating this unfortunate stereotype that women are more emotional than men. This is why I’m eternally grateful that she’ll never be President. I want my daughters to see a female President before they die. And Hillary couldn’t possibly set a worse example for them. Think of the example that would set about how to become a successful woman in this country:
- Marry a guy who has aspirations to become President
- Stick with him through infidelity because a divorcee is unelectable
- Use your status as a former first lady to basically get handed a Senate seat in a state you haven’t lived in in a million years
- Run for President against a guy no one has ever heard of, lose, and then get handed the most important cabinet position out of pity
- Get four Americans killed in Libya and blame a Youtube video
- Leave that job, raise a shitload of money through your “non-profit” from foreign governments and billionaires who want influence so that you can be handed the Presidency
- Call everyone you don’t like a racist, sexist, Islamophobe
- Accept questions from your corrupt friends before your debate against the democratic candidate that people actually like
- Make sure all your commercials don’t even mention what your platform is about, and instead focus on demeaning people who support your opponent
- Do your best to constantly come across as a basic rich elitist white chick
- When you lose, don’t give a concession speech to your loyal supporters on election night because you’re too busy crying and feeling bad for yourself in a hotel room. Make them wait a day.
- Profit off of what you did to your party and your country when you handed us all a Trump presidency, by writing a book in which you blame everyone but yourself
These are all things that any normal parent would not want their daughter to aspire to do.
Look, there’s only one kind of person that likes Hillary – 45 year old cat ladies. That’s it. Every democrat I know hates her and wants nothing more than for her to go away forever. Hopefully she listens, but you know she won’t.
We urge you to support the following local businesses. They provide terrific services for the community!
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December 11, 2020
The samples can be divided into two groups:
- Self-extracting archives that contained the original Remote Utilities executable files and a malicious module loaded via DLL Hijacking. This module prevents the operating system from displaying the program’s windows and other signs of operation. Dr.Web detects it as BackDoor.RMS.180.
- Self-extracting archives that contained the original Remote Utilities installation module and a pre-configured MSI package that silently installs the remote access software and then sends a notification that it’s ready to be remotely connected to the server the attacker specified. Dr.Web detects it as BackDoor.RMS.181.
Both groups of malware are united by the Remote Utilities software used and the layout of the phishing emails. These emails can be described as relatively well-written and lengthy Russian messages designed to entice recipients to open and read about various topics of interest. Also noteworthy, is that malicious payload is password protected, while the password itself is attached to the same email as the text file. The password is the date when the email was sent.
Here’s an example of an email with a malicious attachment that uses DLL Hijacking.
This email is disguised as an official notification requesting the recipient appear at the Prosecutor's office for investigative actions in a criminal case. It has a fake digital signature, which is just a random string in Base64.
The attached archive contains a protected RAR archive and a text file with a password to it.
An automatic password is set to protect the privacy of this attachment: 02112020
The archive named “Электронная повестка.гаг" contains the dropper as a self-extracting RAR archive, which in turn contains BackDoor.RMS.180.
Below is an example of an email with an attachment that uses the MSI package.
This email, disguised as a notification from a transport company regarding cargo arrival, asks the recipient to specify the shipping address. This email also contains a fake digital signature.
“Документы.гаг” contains dummy documents in addition to an archive with the malicious payload (BackDoor.RMS.181) and a password.
Due to corporate security policy, this attachment is protected with an access code: 12112020
During our research, we also uncovered a sample phishing email containing a link to a dropper that launched the Remote Utilities installation from a configured MSI package (detected by Dr. Web as BackDoor.RMS.187). This email implements a different malicious module with another infection method.
This email is disguised as a message from a job seeker with an attached CV. The "CV_resume.rar” attachment is a link to a compromised website that redirects the user to another resource to download a malicious archive with BackDoor.RMS.187.
Analyzing the network infrastructure attackers used to distribute BackDoor.RMS.187 allowed us to unearth several more compromised websites and a sample of the Trojan.Gidra malware. According to our data, the program Dr.Web detected as Trojan.GidraNET.1 was used to initially penetrate the system through a phishing email with further capabilities to upload a backdoor that silently installs the Remote Utilities software on a compromised computer.
For a detailed description of the malware used and how it works, see the Dr.Web Virus Library.
The backdoors based on the remote desktop software remain a threat and are still widely used in corporate sector cyberattacks. In turn, phishing emails are the most common way to deliver payloads to targeted computers. Payload archiving using a password is a distinctive feature of malicious attachments. This allows messages to overcome mail servers’ built-in security tools. Another marker is the presence of a text file with a password to the bogus archive. In addition, using a malicious library and DLL Hijacking attack ensures unauthorized remote access software runs silently.
Tell us what you think
To ask Doctor Web’s site administration about a news item, enter @admin at the beginning of your comment. If your question is for the author of one of the comments, put @ before their names.
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- The need of more provinces for Federation or Division?
- Shouldn’t Punjab government be held responsible for the deaths due to consumption of poisonous cough syrup in Punjab?
- Is Delimitation without census alone in Karachi is fair with the people of Karachi?
- Extremist Religious Groups in Pakistan Justifies: "Attack on Malala Yousuf Zai is a Reaction of Drone-attacks"
- In Quaid’s Pakistan Independence is a Responsibility not a Privilege: Are you ready to play your part?
- Do you think that the recent statement of Mr. Altaf Hussain is an eye opener for the Pakistani Nation?
America’s women, young and minorities back President – and he heralds victory via Twitter
Communication & Media Cell MQMUSA; Chicago, 7 Nov, 2012
Patron in-chief, Dr. Khalid Maqbool Siddiqui, Ibad Rehman Patron MQM North America, Junaid Fahmi Central Organizer and the members of the Central Organizing Committee have extended congratulations to President Barack Obama for re-election triumph.
President Obama won another four years in office, rising triumphant from a brutal campaign against his Republican foe, Mitt Romney, who failed to harvest the votes he needed in enough of the handful of swing states that was always going to decide this election.
Romney in a short concession speech wished the president well. "This is a time of great challenges for America and I pray the president will be successful in guiding the nation," said Romney, who thanked his running mate, Paul Ryan, his volunteers, his family and his wife. He urged an end to partisan bickering.
In a joint statement issued MQM leaders urged a re-elected President Barack Obama to play a leading role on issues from boosting the economy to climate change and relations with Pakistan as they congratulated him on his victory. They expressed the hope that the relationship between Pakistan and the US would continue to prosper during President Obama's new term in office.
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Your location is outside the National Library of Australia. Resources you can access:
Parliament of Victoria: Provides access to the full text of over 10,000 Victorian parliamentary papers dating back to 1851. All documents are fully searchable. Types of documents include parliamentary committee reports, Ombudsmans reports, Auditor Generals reports, royal commissions, annual reports of deparments and agencies and budget papers.
Parliament of Australia: The website includes links to Hansard, Bills, committees and publications as well as ParlInfo, the Parliamentary Document Repository. Information about curent and historical parliaments (including links to Australian state and territory parliaments), elections and referendums, publications and key Internet links are available through the Parliamentary Library link.
Parliament of Australia: Provides an index and full text access where available to the proceedings and documents produced by the Parliament of Australia, the Senate and the House of Representatives. Documents include Hansard (both the Senate and House of Representatives Hansard are available back to the first sitting day of 9 May 1901), Bills, Senate Journals, Votes and Proceedings, Notice Papers, Committee reports, Parliamentary Handbook, newspaper clippings, media, publications and much more.
Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet: This collection of transcripts from Australian Prime Ministers contains approximately 20,000 individual speeches, media releases and other transcript items dating from the early 1940's. Information and transcripts from the current Prime Minister can be found on the website pm.gov.au
This resource lists political sites sorted by country, with links to parties, organisations, governments, media and more from all around the world.
Centre for the Government of Queensland: Queensland Speaks presents interviews with key politicians (including former premiers), senior public servants and others (including academics and office holders in political parties), providing insight into the personal and political world of decision making in Queensland from 1968-2008.
Parliament of Australia: Biographies of Australian senators and clerks of the Senate who completed their service in the Senate between 1901 to 1983. Printed volumes are available at RF 328.94092 B615 in the Main Reading Room Reference Collection of the National Library and cover the following years: vol 1 (1901-1929), vol 2 (1929-1962), vol 3 (1962-1983).
Gale: This digital collection reviews U.S.-China relations in the post-Cold War Era, and analyzes the significance of the 1989 Tiananmen Square demonstrations, China's human rights issues, and resumption of World Bank loans to China in July 1990. Reproduction of the original documents from the George H.W. Bush Presidential Library. Available for document delivery to Australian libraries.
Proquest: UK Parliamentary Papers Online provides access to the parliamentary papers of Britain from the House of Commons (1715 to 1900) and the House of Lords (1800-1910). Earlier documents are also included. As the working documents of government, parliamentary papers encompass all areas of social, political, economic and foreign policy, and are vital to the historical record of Britain, its former Colonies and the wider world. Available for document delivery to Australian libraries.
State Library of Victoria: This online archive of historic government gazettes provides access to over 160 years of official information published in and about Victoria. It contains images of every relevant page in the Victoria Government Gazette produced since 1836, as well as a searchable index based on the published indexes in each publication. Not all names in the Gazette are indexed. First published in the earliest days of the colony, the Victoria Government Gazette (1836 to 1997) documents the official notifications of government decisions and legal actions to other governments, government agencies and the general public.
A guide to United States congressional publications held at the National Library of Australia. Refers to documents held in both print and online formats, including the microfiche collection of documents from the United States Government Printing Office (SUDOC collection).
Information on material relating to Australian politics and government held at the National Library of Australia. Includes references to both print and online resources at all levels of government; Federal, State and Local.
A guide to the publications of the League of Nations held by the National Library of Australia. Includes advice on researching, locating and requesting this material from the Library. Also includes information on associated material of interest.
A guide to finding information in both Australian and overseas government gazettes held at the National Library of Australia. Refers to both print and online publications.
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Judging by the stocked shelves at paint retailers, there seems to be no shortage of architectural paints and coatings. But you can never get too much of a good thing. Manufacturers are continually tweaking the performance of their paints and launching new and improved products in an effort to capture a bigger share of the architectural coatings market.
In the U.S., the architectural coatings market is a mature one. In 1997, 641.4 million gallons of architectural coatings were produced by U.S. manufacturers, representing just over $6 billion, according to a study by Business Trend Analysts, Commack, NY. The Freedonia Group is predicting only modest growth in the U.S. market between now and 2002. Architectural coatings demand will increase just 1.9% each year to 680 million gallons in 2002, according to the Cleveland, OH market research company.
According to Information Research Limited, London, sales of architectural paints and coatings in Germany totaled 563 kilotons in 1997. Italy, France and the UK reported sales of 407, 360 and 290 kilotons, respectively (see chart, page 32).
Manufacturers looking for market growth in Europe may want to enter Poland. According to "World Paint File 1998-2002," a new study conducted by Market Tracking International, the Polish paint market will grow faster than any other European country's market over the next five years. Paint production volumes there will increase eight to 10% each year, according to the London-based firm.
Economic, Political Factors
What are some of the factors affecting the world's architectural paint market? Of course, new building efforts can help increase sales, just as bad weather can hinder them. However, other "external" factors are affecting the marketplace, according to manufacturers that spoke with Coatings World.
In 1997, the architectural paint market in Turkey grew more than 11.6%, according to Yasar Paint's estimates. However, current economic woes have stopped that growth in its tracks.
"There is no market growth estimated for 1998, as the paint industry is affected by the global crisis and by the measures taken by the Turkish government to fight the high inflation rate," said B�lent Atabay, general manager of Yasas, a subsidiary of Yasar Paint Group.
According to Mr. Atabay, tough market conditions have forced manufacturers to step up their efforts. "These negative conditions in the architectural paint market have led companies to be more effective in the marketing area." He added, "Marketing efforts aim to increase the paint consumption per capita, as it is still very low in Turkey compared to western countries."
D.C. Han of Samhwa Paint Ind. Co., Ltd., Seoul, said economic factors are also affecting the Korean market. According to Mr. Han, the 1998 architectural coatings market finished at the same level as 1997. (Estimates for the total market range between $292-$320 million, according to industry sources.) Mr. Han is predicting that things will take a turn for the worse this year. "The market is expected to decline in 1999, even if the government is making successive economic support policies. Most of our domestic economic scale has been drastically reduced," he said.
Despite what seem to be tough market conditions ahead, Samhwa Paint is continuing to develop new products to serve the Korean marketplace. The company is readying the launch of Bangsu-Tan, a new waterproof urethane. Available in a gloss finish, Bangsu-Tan can be used on cement, concrete and mortar. It will be sold at the company's licensed stores and will be promoted through advertising and in-store merchandising efforts, according to Samhwa.
Daihan Paint and Ink of Korea contends it controls 14% of the Korean architectural coatings market. Like Samhwa, Daihan is not expecting the market to improve this year. "We do not estimate the market in 1999 will be considerably improved due to the depressed economy since the IMF bailout," said Eunkyoung Jung, international business representative, Daihan. "To get over these difficult situations, we have been trying our best to reduce manufacturing costs," he remarked.
According to Sandip Mitra of Jenson & Nicholson (India) Ltd., politics played a role in the Indian paint market. Mr. Mitra contended there was a "five percent improvement in 1998 as compared to 1997." He said the numbers could have been higher. "The political instability and lack of investment in infrastructure facilities, as well as a general economic slowdown, has affected growth." He expects the 1999 market to fare slightly better, posting growth between seven and eight percent.
Filling in Niches
To expand share in tough markets, many companies are adding niche products. Yasar has launched a niche product line designed for difficult masonry applications. The new Dr. Dyo range includes DyoStop, a low-odor, high-build matte paint for damp masonry surfaces; Dyotek, a low-odor, stain-blocking matte finish for ceilings and walls; and DyoFlex, a water-based coating for waterproofing and protecting exterior surfaces.
Mold and mildew protection is another niche product area, and two firms have launched products to fulfill consumers' needs. Yasar's new product is Dyoterm, a water-based interior paint that prevents condensation and mold growth. Wm. Zinsser & Co., Somerset, NJ, has added a new exterior version of Perma-White mildew-proof paint. The new, 100% acrylic exterior house paint joins an existing interior product that has been on store shelves for about eight years. "We've gone a step further and formulated a product for long-term performance that is directed at the problem," said Bob Senior, president, Wm. Zinsser.
ICI will be looking to fill in niches in 1999. The company's efforts will focus on expanding its product range at its stores. According to Bob Small, director of brand management for the store group, ICI will look to "fill in holes" at its existing business. Potential product introductions include new stains and other "specialized" products. Additionally, the company will continue the introduction of ready-mixed colors on the west coast of the U.S., a project it began in 1998.
Another niche product was launched in October. Samhwa added a new urethane, non-flammable lacquer in gloss and flat finishes. The company is supporting the new product with in-store merchandising and new advertisements, according to Mr. Han.
At Benjamin Moore, filling a niche meant addressing a new customer base. Among the company's newer products is ColorScapes. According to Dan Claybaugh, consumer product manager, ColorScapes was created to fill the gap between premium and economy products. Basically, ColorScapes' lower price point targets consumers who want to buy Benjamin Moore, but may not be able to afford Regal. "ColorScapes is directed at the price-value buyer," Mr. Claybaugh said.
Focusing on the Professional
Younger, less affluent consumers may be seeking paint with lower price points, and are therefore heading to home improvement centers that tout lower prices (see The Retail Report-Tales for the Register Tape, p. 44). However there is a growing trend in the U.S. and other markets that has caused manufacturers sit up and take notice.
The "Baby Boom" generation has become a boon to the professional contractor market. With more disposable income and less free-time, baby boomers and more affluent consumers are willing to pay for the paint-and for someone else to put in on the walls for them! U.S. paint manufacturers are looking to the professional contractor market for growth rates above the rest of the architectural paint market.
"We expect the professional market to grow a little better than paint as a whole. We expect professional to be two to three percent higher," said Mr. Small of ICI.
Among ICI's new products is Dulux Professional. The line has been "tweaked" to answer the needs of the professional painter, according to Mr. Small. For example, the coatings can be applied in temperatures as low 35�.
For painting projects when weather isn't a factor, Coronado Paint Company, Edgewater, FL, has added new Air Care zero VOC, interior acrylic coatings. Three finishes-flat, eggshell and semi-gloss-and a primer are available. Because it is an odorless product, Coronado Paint contends that it is well suited for painting contractors who need to paint in occupied areas such as office complexes, hospitals and apartment buildings.
Texture was the focus for two of ICI's other new products, which geared towards the professional market. New Decra-Flex elastomeric coating provides a long-lasting, weather-resistant finish for concrete and masonry surfaces. Offered in smooth, fine and coarse textures, Decra-Flex comes in a tintable white and deep base, according to the company. Also new is Ultra-Hide Buildtex, a tintable, high-build acrylic latex offered in medium and coarse textures. It can be used on interior and exterior surfaces.
Canadian coatings firm Sico has also added new products for the professional painters market. The new line is Sico Select, a full range of products that can be tinted to 1,400 colors, according to Sico.
"The paint market is growing, and Sico Select addresses that market and compliments our Sico Supreme line," said Pat Matton, national accounts and Ontario sales supervisor, Sico Coatings. Ms. Matton said that the professional contractor market in Canada is "a bit behind the U.S., but it is growing."
The trend toward professional contractors is beginning to grow in markets outside of North America, too.
Mr. Atabay commented, "1997 was a fruitful year for new products. In 1998, Dyo's strategy was to put more effort in promoting these new products to the trade and end-users." The company's new efforts to reach the contractor market include direct mail pieces and ads promoting the Dr. Dyo brand. In addition, Yasar created training films that were shown in various regional seminars for paint professionals.
"More and more people are resorting to professional consultancy in choosing shades," said Mr. Mitra of Jenson & Nicholson. "We have started a new division-Living Space-to provide a complete solution to their decorating needs." In addition, Jenson & Nicholson is also increasing its contact with professional contractors. "Besides advertising, we are conducting painter meetings and are meeting with architects and engineers," Mr. Mitra added.
Daihan Paint and Ink has also been targeting the professional market. The company is actively promoting its new oil- and water-based, fire blocking, fire-proofing paint to construction companies. "We have been briskly promoting the sale of the product mainly to construction companies, design offices and so on," said Mr. Jung.
Adding to the Roster
Research into consumer needs can often be the starting point for new product development. Yasar's research revealed that consumers wanted products with improved hiding power and whiteness and better roller application. The company incorporated those attributes into its new interior emulsion paint, Dyosan. Yasar has been actively promoting the product since its March, 1998 launch. Efforts have included TV, radio, print and outdoor advertising, direct mail and new point-of-purchase displays.
Some of the new introductions to the architectural coatings marketplace include the hot faux finish and designer paint categories. Ace Hardware's paint division added new Ace Royal Touch Artistic Finishes, a stand-alone, latex glazing liquid for ragging, stencilling, marbleizing, and other types of faux finishes. According to a company spokesperson, Ace is working on a new interior/
exterior product which will be ready for a spring launch. In August, Sico added a new glaze for special effects, and in December, Jenson & Nicholson added its own premium acrylic exterior wall finish, also with special effects.
On the designer paint front, Norton & Son, Bayonne, NJ, is now selling a paint under the Waverly name. Norton hopes to build off the success of the Waverly name, which is one of the top U.S. home fashion brands. The line includes off-whites that coordinate with Waverly's wallpaper borders, which coordinate with the company's bed linens and other products.
Norton has chosen a selective distribution route for Waverly�the line is only available at independent dealers, according to Lee Flemming, vice president, Norton & Son. Speaking at the Paint and Decorating Retailers Show in Chicago in November, Mr. Flemming said that 100 dealers had signed on to sell the licensed brand since its launch in mid-1998. Another 100 dealers are expected to join the ranks by the end of the year.
Waverly Finishes include waterborne interior products, faux finishes and specialty primers. The line incorporates a water-based resin system that behaves like an oil, without the negative effects, according to Mr. Flemming.
Also new to the architectural paint market are products from Coronado Paint and PPG. Coronado has launched new Maxum UltiMAX, a low-luster, cold temperature cure house paint that can help retailers extend the house-painting season. The company used a 100% acrylic resin when formulating Maxum UltiMAX, which allows application at surface and ambient temperatures down to 35�F. Its low temperature compatibility will be enticing to consumers who need more time for painting projects in the late fall and early spring. Maxum UltiMAX, which dries to a soft-eggshell sheen, offers superior color and sheen retention, weather resistance and flexibility, according to the company.
PPG, which recently completed its acquisition of the Courtaulds' brand, Porter Paints, from Akzo Nobel, added two new products to the Porter family before the end of 1998. PPG extended the Hi-Hide line with a new eggshell finish. The company also launched Acri-Pro 100, a series of 100% acrylic exterior paints in flat, satin and semi-gloss.
If R&D activities are any indication, more new products are on the way. According to Gautam Ray, director of manufacturing at Jenson & Nicholson, R&D efforts have been focused on developing an "absolutely non-sagging exterior paint." At Yasar, R&D personnel are working on an exterior paint based on a "pure acrylic," a flexible exterior coating, and new parquet varnish and floor coatings.
Repackaging, Restaging, Reformulating
But what if a company isn't ready to launch a new product? Even in a mature market, there are strategies that can help manufacturers improve their position without new product entries. Repackaging, restaging and reformulating can help breathe new life into existing products.
Although Paints and Chemical Industries (Pachin), based in Cairo, did not launch a new product in 1998, the company repackaged three of its main brands, Dyroton, Safir and Syntal. Sherif El Attar, sales and marketing director, contends that the company will unveil a new brand this month.
Yasar has also revamped its packaging. Following the creation of new package design standards, the company replaced tin cans with plastic containers for all of its water-based products.
Jenson & Nicholson is reformulating enamel paints and is looking to "rationalize manufacture by using bases, clears and colorants and consolidating facilities," according to Dr. Ray.
Benjamin Moore has "restaged" its Super Spec line to give it a "clear focus targeted to the contractor," according to Mr. Claybaugh.
Akzo Nobel realized the positive results that can come from taking a new look at a well-established brand. The company added a lighter color to its Cetol 1 & 23 siding product�the first new color in eight years. According to Mark Pastir, marketing manager, after the new color hit the shelves, the brand's sales grew 25%. "Sometimes you take your flagship product for granted," Mr. Pastir said.
That's a lesson every paint company can learn from.
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Learning `Ukulele Chords
There are two approaches to learning chords, the song based approach and learning the fundamentals approach. I'm a big advocate of building a solid base of the fundamentals. A lot of players new to the ukulele like to jump right in and learn songs.
The Song Approach
For the SONG APPROACH you pick a song and learn the chords you need to learn know for that particular song.
A song is like a recipe, the chords are one of the ingredients. Look them up, ask a friend or take a lesson or two. Then learn at least one version of each of the chords in the song. Repeat the process for the next song and additional songs. This is like learning to paint by numbers – you can't really a take much from one song to the next, Only what you have learned in the context of that one particular song. You actually don't learn much about chords with this song approach.
Another approach is to learn the most common chords that show up in common keys and songs. This is especially helpful for occasions where you might have never played a particular song before or are reading the chords as you go. This happens a lot at jam sessions and club play-a-longs. You never know what songs are going to be played and would like to participate in every song. No time to look up chords - you really need to know the chords.
For most simple songs the chords will all be from the main key and stay in that key. There are a lot of songs with just two or three chords.
The Fundamentals Approach
The FUNDAMENTALS APPROACH, which is almost required with movable form chords and “jazz” chords. You need to have a core set of chords and a system for deriving additional chords from those known chords. And, knowing where and how chords are created and used. The skills that really help with this is knowing the names of the notes of the ukulele fingerboard and you can use that information to locate the root or letterman of the chord for your already known chords and transpose those chords along to fingerboard to additional keys.
End of Lesson - Thanks, Hope You Enjoyed It!
Related Lessons for Learning `Ukulele Chords.
Basic Open Position `Ukulele Chord Chart
Updated: 29 Nov 2019
A core set of basic ukulele chords that ALL Ukulele players should know in the five common keys of C, G, D, A and E. With the possible seventh chords for the same common keys. The chart is organized in common keys and covers basic chords in these keys.
Basic Open Position `Ukulele Chord Chart for Lefties
Updated: 26 Mar 2019
A core set of basic ukulele chords that ALL Left Handed Ukulele players should know in the five common keys of C, G, D, A and E. With the possible seventh chords for the same common keys. The chart is organized in common keys and covers basic chords in these keys.
Related Books for Learning `Ukulele Chords.
Beyond learning basic Ukulele chords, most players struggle with advanced chords. Commonly called "jazz" chords, these more sophisticated voicings find a wide use in all forms of music. A Guide to Advanced Chords for Ukulele - presents a highly organized and efficient approach to the mysterious subject of advanced chords. Chord dictionaries are not the answer.
The Blues are at the heart of all American music. It has influenced Country, Rock, Folk, Jazz, Bluegrass and just about every form of American music we listen to today. 26 blues progression in C and G tuning, progressing from basic to advanced jazz progression, with chord grids and substitutions explained.
Covering basic ukulele chords that ALL uke players MUST know, movable chord forms, rock uke chords, how to transpose chords, learning the ukulele fingerboard and an introduction to 4-part jazz chords and more... FOR LEFTIES - Tunings: C, G, or D Tunings. Low or high string four variations.
Before individual chords become the background of songs, they must be put into orders called chord progressions. The Advanced Guide to Chord Progressions for Ukulele organizes progressions according to string family, position, voice leading and chord magnetism.
Related Songs for Learning `Ukulele Chords.
Related Lesson Series
Related Lessons Series for Learning `Ukulele Chords.
Core “Jazz” Ukulele Chords - The Big Six
Updated: 01 Jan 2003
Core Chords for Ukulele, The Big Six - From four F7 chord voicings or shapes, your can build your massive 4-part, a.k.a., “jazz” chord vocabulary. Beyond basic open position chords, basic movable form chords and a core set of 4-part chords. There are just too many chords shapes too memorize.
Related Lesson Files, Resources and Assets
Related Assets for Learning `Ukulele Chords.
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Chapter 1301:1-4 Miscellaneous Provisions
An emergency warranting the immediate transfer of assets and liabilities from one bank to another pursuant to section 1115.15 of the Revised Code exists when, in the opinion of the superintendent such transfer is necessary to prevent the probable failure of one of the banks involved. Factors to be considered by the superintendent in making this determination are: the financial and managerial resources of the banks involved, the future prospects of the banks involved, and the convenience and needs of the public to be served.
As used in section 1105.02 of the Revised Code, "outside director" means a director of a bank who is not an executive officer or employee of the bank. An executive officer of a bank is defined as a person who participates or has authority to participate (other than in the capacity of a director) in major policymaking functions of the bank, whether or not the officer has an official title. The chairman of the board, the president, every vice president, the cashier, the secretary, and the treasurer of the bank are considered executive officers, unless the officer is excluded, by resolution of the board of directors or by the bylaws of the bank, from participation (other than in the capacity of a director) in major policymaking functions of the bank, and the officer does not actually participate therein.
No bank that wants to purchase shares of its own stock pursuant to authority in its articles of incorporation shall make a purchase without prior written approval from the superintendent of financial institutions. To request the superintendents' approval, a bank shall submit both of the following:
(A) A written plan proposing the purchase that shall address all of the following:
(1) The circumstances surrounding the transaction;
(2) How the bank proposes to finance the share purchase;
(3) How and when the bank will dispose of the shares; and
(4) Any other information the superintendent requires.
(B) Both of the following supporting documents:
(1) Certified board resolution evidencing the directors' decision to purchase the shares; and
(2) Pro forma financial statements.
(A) As used in this rule
(1) Acquisition means a purchase, assignment, transfer, pledge or other disposition of voting shares, or an increase in percentage ownership of a state bank resulting from a redemption of voting shares.
(2) Acting in concert means knowing participation in a joint activity or parallel action towards a common goal of acquiring control of a state bank, whether or not pursuant to an express agreement.
(3) Control means:
(a) The power, directly or indirectly, to direct the management or policies of a state bank; or
(b) Ownership, control of, or the power to vote twenty-five per cent or more of any class of voting securities of a state bank.
(4) Person means an individual, corporation, partnership, trust, association, joint venture, pool, syndicate, sole proprietorship, unincorporated organization, and any other form of entity; and a voting trust, voting agreement, and any group of persons acting in concert.
(5) "State bank" means any state-chartered bank and includes any bank holding company that has control of any such state bank. and any other company that controls a state bank.
(6) "Securities" means all equity interests in a bank and includes rights, interests, and powers with respect thereto.
(B) Any person, acting directly or indirectly or through or in concert with one or more persons, shall give the superintendent of financial institutions sixty days prior written notice before acquiring control of any state bank through a purchase, assignment, transfer, pledge, or other disposition of voting securities of such bank, or through any other transaction used in lieu of such a purchase, assignment, transfer, pledge, or other disposition of voting securities of such bank.
(1) It is presumed, subject to rebuttal, that a person acquiring ownership, control of, or the power to vote ten per cent or more of any class of voting securities of a state bank constitutes the power to direct that bank's management or policies requiring prior notice to the superintendent if either of the following apply:
(a) The state bank has registered securities under section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78); or
(b) No other person will own, control, or hold the power to vote a greater percentage of that class of voting securities immediately after the transaction. If two or more persons, not acting in concert, each propose to acquire simultaneously equal percentages of ten per cent or more of a class of voting securities of a state bank, each such person shall file prior notice with the superintendent.
(2) Transactions other than those set forth in paragraph (B)(1) of this rule resulting in a person's control of less than twenty-five per cent of a class of voting securities of a state bank are deemed not to constitute control requiring prior notice.
(3) A person may request an opportunity to rebut any presumption established by paragraph (B)(1) of this rule with respect to a proposed transaction. The superintendent shall afford the person the opportunity to present views in writing or where appropriate, orally before the superintendent or the superintendent's designated representatives either at informal conference discussions or at informal presentations of evidence.
(C) To request the written consent of the superintendent to a proposed acquisition of control of a state bank:
(1) A person who is also required to file a notice or application with the federal deposit insurance corporation the federal reserve system in regard to the proposed transaction, pursuant to the Change of Bank Control Act (12 U.S.C. 1817(j)) or section 3 of the Bank Holding Company Act (12 U.S.C. 1842), shall file with the superintendent an originally executed copy of the notice or application.
(2) A person who is not required to file a notice or application with the federal deposit insurance corporation or the federal reserve system in regard to the proposed transaction shall notify the superintendent by letter of the proposed transaction, which letter shall include a summary of the proposed transaction and the reason the person is not required to file a notice or application in regard to the proposed transaction with the federal deposit insurance corporation or the federal reserve system. A person filing notice under this section shall submit the information set forth in division (C) of section 1115.06 of the Revised Code and any other information the superintendent requires.
(D) The sixty day notice period specified in paragraph (B) of this rule shall not commence until the superintendent has accepted the notice required in paragraph (C)(1) or (C)(2) of this rule for processing.
(E) The proposed acquisition of control may be made within sixty days of the superintendent's acceptance of the notice for processing unless the superintendent has done either of the following:
(1) Disapproved the proposed acquisition of control; or
(2) Extended the time during which the superintendent may disapprove a proposed acquisition of control as follows:
(a) For an additional thirty days in the discretion of the superintendent; or
(b) For two additional extensions of not more than forty-five days each if any of the following applies:
(ii) In the superintendent's judgment, any material information filed is substantially inaccurate;
(iii) The superintendent has been unable to complete the investigation of an acquiring person because of any delay caused by, or the inadequate cooperation of, that acquiring person;
(iv) The superintendent determines that additional time is needed to investigate and determine whether any acquiring person has a record of failing to comply with the requirements of subchapter II of Chapter 53 of Subtitle IV of Title 31 of the United States Code.
(F) Any person filing notice under this rule shall be required to publish, within ten days from receipt of the superintendent's acceptance for processing of information required to be filed under this rule, an announcement on the proposed acquisition in a newspaper of general circulation in the community in which the state bank has its principal place of business. In the case of information filed with the superintendent in contemplation of a tender offer, publication of the announcement required by this paragraph may be delayed until thirty days after the superintendent's acceptance of the information for processing. Whenever a person required to publish an announcement pursuant to this paragraph is also required by federal law or regulation to publish an announcement regarding the same transaction, the announcement published pursuant to federal law or regulation shall satisfy the publication requirement of this paragraph if the announcement includes all of the information required by this paragraph. The newspaper announcement shall include:
(1) The name of the state bank and the name of each person identified in the information as a proposed acquiror and the proposed date of the acquisition of the securities;
(2) A statement that interested persons may submit comments on the proposed acquisition to the superintendent at the superintendent's place of business for a period of twenty days from the date of publication of the announcement, along with the superintendent's address; and
(3) A statement that the superintendent will consider all public comments received in writing within the twenty days following the required publication.
(G) The superintendent may do either of the following with respect to the newspaper publication requirement:
(1) Permit delay of the publication if the superintendent determines, for good cause, that it is in the public interest to grant a delay; or
(2) Shorten the public comment period, waive the public comment, waive the newspaper publication, or act on a notice before the expiration of a public comment period, if the superintendent determines that either an emergency exists or disclosure of a proposed acquisition, solicitation of public comment, or delay of its action until expiration of the public comment period would seriously threaten the safety or soundness of a state bank.
(H) Any person who is required to file information with the superintendent pursuant to paragraph (C)(1) of this rule shall also file with the superintendent any additional information filed with the federal deposit insurance corporation or the federal reserve system in connection with a notice regarding the same proposed transaction together with a copy of any request from the federal deposit insurance corporation or federal reserve system in response to which such information was filed.
(I) An acquisition of control may be made prior to the expiration of the denial period, or any extension thereof, if the superintendent issues written consent to the acquisition.
(J) The superintendent may deny consent to a proposed acquisition of a controlling interest in a bank if:
(1) The proposed acquisition of control would result in a monopoly or would be in furtherance of any combination or conspiracy to monopolize or to attempt to monopolize the business of banking in any part of this state or any markets served by the state bank;
(2) The effect of the proposed acquisition of control in any part of this state and any markets served by the state bank may be substantially to lessen competition, tend to create a monopoly, or in any other manner restrain trade, and the anticompetitive effects of the proposed acquisition of control are not clearly outweighed in the public interest by the probable effect of the acquisition in meeting the convenience and needs of the community to be served;
(3) The financial condition of any acquiring person might jeopardize the financial stability of the bank or prejudice the interests of the depositors of the state bank;
(4) The competence, experience, and integrity of any acquiring person or of any of the proposed management personnel indicates that it would not be in the interest of the depositors of the state bank, or in the interest of the public, to permit such person to control the state bank;
(5) Any acquiring person neglects, fails, or refuses to furnish the superintendent all the information required by the superintendent; or
(6) The superintendent determines the proposed acquisition would have an adverse effect on the bank insurance fund or the savings association insurance fund administered by the federal deposit insurance corporation.
(K) Within three days after deciding to disapprove any proposed acquisition of control of a state bank, the superintendent shall notify the acquiring person in writing of the disapproval. The notice of disapproval shall provide a statement of the basis for the disapproval.
(L) Whenever a change in control of a state bank occurs, the state bank shall promptly report to the superintendent any changes or replacement of its chief executive officer or of any director occurring in the next twelve-month period, including in its report a statement of the past and current business and professional affiliations of the new chief executive officer or directors.
(M) A person acquiring control of a state bank is not required to provide prior notice to the superintendent, but is required to notify the superintendent within ninety days after control is acquired and to provide to the superintendent with any information requested, if the person has acquired control by any of the following means:
(1) Through testate or intestate succession;
(2) Through a bona fide gift;
(3) In satisfaction of a debt previously contracted in good faith, except that the acquiror of a defaulted loan secured by a controlling amount of bank voting shares shall file a notice before the loan is acquired:
(4) Redemption of voting shares by the issuing bank; or
(5) Sale of shares by any shareholder that is not within the control of the person resulting in that person becoming the largest shareholder.
(N) The following transactions do not require notice to the superintendent:
(1) A customary one-time proxy solicitation; and
(2) The receipt of voting securities through a pro rata stock dividend.
Rescinded eff 11-6-08
(A) For purposes of this rule and section 1117.04 of the Revised Code, a banking office is considered to be relocated within its current service area if it is to be relocated within a one mile radius of the banking office's current location.
(B) A bank that intends to relocate a banking office shall, not less than thirty days prior to the effective date of relocation, give the superintendent of financial institutions written notice that includes:
(1) The present and new address of the office to be relocated;
(2) The date the office will open for business in the new location;
(3) How the bank will publicize the relocation; and
(4) A map of the office's new service area with the present and new locations marked.
(C) If federal law requires a bank to give written notice to its federal regulator that meets or exceeds any of the requirements of paragraph ( B) of this rule, then the bank may satisfy the requirements of paragraph ( B) of this rule by submitting the same notice to the superintendent that the bank submitted to its federal regulator.
(D) For purposes of this rule, the relocation of a banking office includes the consolidation of that office with one or more banking offices within the present service area.
(E) If the date of the relocation stated in the written notice as required by paragraph ( B) of this rule changes, the bank shall notify the superintendent in writing of the new date.
(F) In addition to the specific requirements of this rule, the superintendent may at any time require of the bank any other information or actions the superintendent deems necessary or relevant under the circumstances of the relocation.
(G) In emergency circumstances, the superintendent may establish an alternate time period for any time period stated within this rule.
(A) A bank that intends to close a banking office shall do all of the following:
(1) Not less than ninety days prior to the effective date of the banking office closing:
(a) Give written notice to each person who is either a depositor or a holder of a safety deposit box at the banking office. The notice shall state the address of the closing office, the effective date of the closing and the locations of the bank's closest offices. The bank may send one notice to a person who is both a depositor and safety deposit box holder. The notice required by this paragraph may be sent by ordinary mail or may be included with any regularly mailed statement of account activity.
(b) File a written notice of the banking office closing with the superintendent of financial institutions that indicates the location of the closing banking office and effective date of the closing.
(2) Not less than thirty days prior to the effective date of the closing, the bank shall post a notice of the closing in a conspicuous manner on the premises of and on any money transmission device, such as an automated teller machine, at the banking office to be closed stating the effective date of the closing and the locations of the bank's closest offices. The notice shall remain posted continuously until the banking office is closed. If the bank will maintain a money transmission device at the same location after the banking office closing, the bank may include that fact in the notice posted and in the notices required by paragraph (A)(1) of this rule.
(1) If federal law requires a bank to take actions regarding written notices that meet or exceed the requirements of paragraphs (A)(1)(a) and (A)(2) of this rule, then taking actions required under federal law will satisfy the requirements of paragraphs (A)(1)(a) and (A)(2) of this rule.
(2) If federal law requires a bank to give written notice to its federal regulator that meets or exceeds the requirements of paragraph (A)(1)(b) of this rule, then the bank may satisfy the requirements of paragraph (A)(1)(b) of this rule by submitting the same notice to the superintendent that the bank submitted to its federal regulator.
(C) For purposes of paragraph (A)(1) of this rule, a person is a depositor of the banking office to be relocated if the records of the bank show that person's account as having been opened at, or transferred to, the banking office. "Depositor" does not include a person whose account was closed or transferred prior to the time written notice is required to be sent under this rule.
(D) The bank shall notify the superintendent in writing if the effective date of the closing stated in the notice required by paragraph (A)(1)(b) of this rule changes. When a banking office is officially closed, it cannot be reopened. If at some later date the bank proposes to establish a banking office at the same location, the bank shall submit a new application pursuant to section 1117.02 of the Revised Code.
(E) In addition to the specific requirements of this rule, the superintendent may at any time require of the bank any other information or actions the superintendent deems necessary or relevant under the circumstances of the closing.
(F) In emergency circumstances, the superintendent may modify or waive any requirements of this rule.
Five Year Review (FYR) Dates: 05/20/2015 and 08/06/2020
Promulgated Under: 119.03
Statutory Authority: 1121.03
Rule Amplifies: 1117.04
Prior Effective Dates: 6/8/81, 9/19/88, 7/11/94, 2/14/99
(A) Subject to paragraphs (C), (D), (E) and (F) of this rule, a bank may contract to receive deposits, renew time deposits, close loans, service loans, and receive payment on loans and other obligations for its customers through an affiliate depository institution, at any and all offices of the affiliate depository institution, without being required to obtain the prior written approval of the superintendent of financial institutions.
(B) A bank that wants to contract to provide services other than those listed in paragraph (A) of this rule or to provide services to its customers through an unaffiliated depository institution must individually seek prior approval from the superintendent in accordance with section 1117.05 of the Revised Code.
(C) A bank may not contract to establish new deposit accounts, extend credit, or create new banking relationships through offices of agent depository institutions.
(D) A bank may not, as agent or as principal through its agent, conduct any activity which the bank is prohibited from conducting under applicable federal or state law.
(E) All agreements to act as agent pursuant to this rule shall be in writing and address the nature of the services to be provided and the rights and responsibilities of each party.
(F) Any agency relationship shall be on terms that are consistent with safe and sound practices.
(G) The banking office of the depository institution acting as agent pursuant to this rule and section 1117.05 of the Revised Code is not considered to be a branch of the contracting depository institution.
Any federal savings association converting to a state bank may retain the term "Federal" in the name of such institution.
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Twins Liam and August Easton-Calabria of Seattle have both been active Boy Scout members since they were eleven-years-old, but because one brother is gay, he will be forced to leave the Boy Scouts when he turns 21 while his brother will remain.
Liam is openly gay, but his brother August is straight. Because the Boy Scouts of America policy bans openly gay adults, but not gay youth, Liam will soon be forced out of the Boy Scouts despite his achievements. The brothers did all their activities together while in the Boy Scouts; both share 22 identical merit badges and both earned the Eagle Scout Badge, the highest level of recognition but because of the BSA rules, Liam will not be able to continue to be involved.
“It’s really an interesting revelation to see the Boy Scouts come together as a non-inclusive organization,” Liam told reporters. “I don’t think it’s true to the scouting way.”
The brothers and their father were all involved in scouting together, and Liam said he hoped that one day he would be able to scout with his own children.
Liam said, “I want to do as much as I can to see my children in scouting with me involved.”
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The 42029 Pick Up has been one of my favorite designs as soon as i saw it. It’s a rather small kit, only 1060 parts compose it. 3 main functions, a front winch, a tipping bed and a hand of god steering to manipulate the truck, all of them are manual. The instructions integrate a guide that allow you to add a motor and a battery box to the winch and the tipping bed. Those functions are basic and not really playable, the choice of a tiny actuator for the tipping bed won’t allow heavy loads, and the winch is funny… few minutes. Poor functions perhaps, but what a look ! The choice of the red color makes it aggressive and the huge cabin and its impressive guard gives a good impression of power.
What is fun on such a model for me, is to transform it into a fully remote controlled car so it becomes really playable, allowing you to slalom among stack of tires, carry small things or just play like you would with any other remote controlled car, Lego or not. My 7 years old kid kinda shares that opinion with me 🙂
So, no need to argue much, the decision to build it again and to add motors to its chassis was taken in 10 minutes !
My choice went to :
– An XL motor for the propulsion, it has lots of torque and won’t require much gearing down like the other motors would need.
– A servo motor for the steering. First, I checked how much rotation was need to steer the front wheels from center to the sides and the servo motor was offering me exactly what I needed, with the big gain of offering an automatic return to center, which makes the driving much more easy from the remote controller.
For the building, I took the original instructions and built the model, then, when the chassis was made, I started to examine it from close to find where to add the motors. The main problem was to keep the V6 engine operational whereas it was located very far of the rear axle. I did this by creating a new path between the rear differential and the front of the truck, going just over the 2 motors that I positioned the lower possible, to hide them and keep the original look preserved.
This task asked me to remove lots of pieces and replace them by the needed ones. Once the parts originally needed for the steering removed, most of the job was done and I could finish the entire build.
The end of the assembly was a kid game, since I kept it as close as possible of what it was at its origin, I had no difficulty to finish to build it with the original booklets. The very last modification concerns the roof which now has to support the infra red receiver, settled inside the cabin.
I’m pretty happy of that moc because it’s not distorted by the modifications made, and it’s really playable. My son and I played a full afternoon with it trying to film ourselves to build footage for the Youtube video to come.
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When one party agrees to provide goods, services or money to another party the Payment Agreement letter is an indispensable component of the transaction. This document clearly and legally defines the agreement between the parties and may be used as evidence in a lawsuit if one of the parties fails to uphold their side of the bargain. These documents don't have to be long or complicated. However, it's essential that they include a few basic elements so that the terms can be understood and interpreted by anyone who reads them.
Sometimes called a promissory note or an installment agreement, a Payment Agreement letter defines a transaction between at least two parties. Such agreements are common between companies that are agreeing to exchange money for goods or services. These documents also may be utilized by insurance companies who ask customers to agree to certain payment terms. Payment agreements may also be arranged between private parties. Friends, family members and colleagues may all use these documents to help ensure fair dealings when loaning or accepting money.
Payment Agreement Protects each Party
The Payment Agreement protects each party in various ways. It clearly defines what the transaction is, such as a loan between friends. It identifies the parties and how much money is involved. It further delineates how and when the money will be paid back. For instance, the party loaning the money may require that the borrower pay them back with a cashier's check while prohibiting the use of a personal check. Moreover, the agreement may define what sort of penalty is involved if the money is not paid back as agreed upon. Interest rates are not always a part of these agreements. If the borrower will be required to pay interest, then this should be defined in the agreement, including how the interest will be calculated.
It is strongly recommended that the agreement be notarized or at least witnessed and signed by an impartial third party. This makes the agreement easier to defend in court, and makes it less likely that the document will be tampered with later. Each party to the agreement should receive a fully-executed copy for their files.
Well-Defined Payment Plan?
This level of detail is necessary for the protection of both parties because it makes it far less likely that disputes will arise. The promisor, the party borrowing the money, receives the assurance that the payee, the party loaning the money, will not claim that the loan was actually for a much larger amount. Moreover, the written agreement makes it possible for the payee to prove that the promisor had a well-defined payment plan and that they did not comply with the schedule. Accordingly, it is less likely that litigation will arise from a dispute, and if litigation does occur, then the agreement may be what the court relies upon to make a decision.
A single page document is all that is required to make a binding Payment Agreement Letter. The following example is a template that can be easily customized to suit a variety of transactions.
Sample Payment Agreement Letter
Full, legal name of Payee
Full, legal name of Promisor
Total Amount of Loan
Final Due Date for Repayment
I, Payee Name ("Payee"), borrowed $1,000 from Promisor Name ("Promisor") on Loan Date. By signing this agreement both Payee and Promisor acknowledge that Payee will pay back Promisor using the following payment schedule.
Payee agrees to repay Promisor with a personal check for $100 on the first of each month for 10 months beginning with January 1, 20__. The last payment will be made October 1, 20__, at which time the loan will be fully repaid.
Payee further agrees to pay a $35 per week late charge for every week that payment is delayed after the first of the month. This $35 late charge may be prorated as a $5 per day charge for each day that the payment is late for segments of time shorter than seven days.
Both Payee and Promisor agree to the payment agreement defined above.
Signature of Payee with Date
Signature of Promisor with Date
Signature of Witness or Notary with Date
By Andre Bradley
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We all need to practice good customer service, no matter what our job title is. This path will help you develop the customer service skills you need to be successful in any position.
Why is customer service so important? What is customer service, anyway? These resources will help you answer those questions and more.
It's important to be able to communicate a positive message in an effective and efficient manner, and it's equally important to be able to actively listen to your customer and clients in order to really hear them and understand their needs.
Sometimes your customer will tell you what they want, and sometimes they'll expect you to be psychic. Since we can't give you tips on how to become psychic (well, we could...), here are some resources that will help you understand what your customer really wants -- and how to deliver it to them.
Customer service is about relationships. Fostering those moments when you can connect with a customer can change their perception of you and your business. Learn how to do that with these resources.
Setting expectations is key to customer service -- if your client expects something that you can't deliver, the experience will always be negative. Learn to help your customers and make a positive impact by effectively managing their expectations.
You can do it! Providing exceptional service isn't easy, but some companies have it figured out. Learn from these experts and from examples like Apple, a company that has a reputation for excellent customer service.
Sometimes things won't go well. Learning how to solve problems with ease can make customer service less of a nightmare.
Did you know that your co-workers are technically your customers? Learn how to give your colleagues the best customer service for an optimal work environment.
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is the type of person that enjoys just about all drugs
, but is not regularly using (besides scripts and a chronic daily dose of the chronic). At one point in his life, swim was pretty much doing whatever he could get his hands on that day so he does have somewhat of a psychological tolerance to just about all classes of drugs. Now, swim has been "clean" of any type of opiate
going on about ten months now. His question is how much of a suboxone
strip would be safe to eat while slowly redosing to achieve the real peak of his experience? He is aware that the strips contain naloxone, but thinks it would be a waste to spend the money on a strip to take all at once with no tolerance when he can get just as high from a smaller piece and not have to worry about the effectiveness of the naloxone. The last time swim used an opiate, he insufflated half of a 40 mg Opana ER, split into about 4 lines with about 10 - 15 mins in between each line. This was the most doped he has ever gotten and since his friend has access to suboxone all the sudden, he would like to get that feeling once more.
The picture attached shows a 4 mg strip, he is not sure yet on the mg content of the strips he will be receiving.
He would use the same method as shown and just place the piece of strip on his tongue until it dissolves.
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People who live in towns/cities have much higher risks to acquire lung cancer compared to those who live in the mountains. The air people breathe is one of the most common reasons for this disease besides smoking, smog, genetics, or working in a mine. The air is thicker in the lowlands which means richer oxygen. It has great benefits, but is also dangerous, because oxygen is an unusual element and when we eat, our body use it to transform the food into energy. Oxidation is a metabolic process that helps the body release free radicals that are very carcinogenic. The atoms have the power to make a real chaos in the organism, damaging the DNA and mutate the cells, causing cancer.
This is a natural process, but if you want to decrease the risk of acquiring the disease, move to a higher altitude above sea level. Mountains are the best because of the air is thinner making lungs spread more and work in a different way as well as they have less dangerous oxygen with which they have to fight.
There was a great research conducted by American scientists where they calculated that on every 1000 meters of altitude above the level of the sea, the number of people who acquire lung cancer decreases multiple times.
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Working from home has become more common than ever before. There are multiple benefits to telecommuting that go beyond the ability to stay in your pajamas all day. The effect on the environment alone is substantial as it reduces:
- Traffic congestion
- Greenhouse gasses
- Energy use
- Carbon footprints
Businesses who employ remote workers also benefit from the reduction of:
- Real estate costs
- Travel-related costs
- Turnover and absenteeism
- Healthcare costs
Whether you work remotely for a business or pay the bills with freelance work, your home office is your workspace. How you equip it is essential to your success.
Some Office Supplies Are Non-Negotiable
You’re going to need a solid home internet connection. That’s point number one. What follows is all a matter of personal taste. Your desk, your chair, your office supplies, and even your Pandora channel preferences are all negotiable. The two most important things you’re going to need from your home internet provider are:
Speed. Your home internet needs to be fast. As in gigabit-speed fast. You’ll need a fast connection to upload or download content like video, audio, and design files. This isn’t going to happen with home internet from a DSL provider. You’re going to need business quality, high-speed fiber internet connections in your home to do your job well.
Stability. If two words can send shivers up the spine of a remote worker, its packet loss. Packet loss refers to the loss of data packets due to failed transmissions or data overload. When packet loss occurs, it can cause your browser to crawl along at a slow rate, which is a nightmare for researchers and writers. Hopefully, your home internet provider can cover your packet loss issues as well as your speed needs.
Though there are other factors that make your remote job successful, it all begins here.
Property Managers Play A Role In The Work/Home Integration
The number of people working from home will only continue to grow, especially as the next generation continues to show the world how beneficial it is to everyone from the company to the planet. As a property manager, you know how many young professionals are choosing to rent before they buy. Your tenants are more interested in your Wi-Fi capabilities than your workout facilities. When you provide gigabit internet for your urban apartment residents, you’re providing them the ability to work from home without worrying about speed or stability. Reduce your churn rate and increase your property value with an amenity they can’t live without.
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All About Cataracts
Did you know that more than 22 million Americans over the age of 40 are diagnosed with cataracts? The risk of cataracts developing and worsening increases as you age, in fact over half of Americans over the age of 80 have this eye disease.
Though this eye problem isn’t uncommon, caring for individuals with cataract disease can be incredibly challenging, especially without the proper resources. Learn more about cataracts and the different options to make caring for cataracts easier.
What is a cataract?
Before delving into the definition of a cataract, it’s important to understand what the eye’s lens is and how it affects vision.
The lens lies beneath the eye’s cornea and assists in focusing light and images onto your retina. Once light and images pass through the transparent lens and reach the retina, they are transmitted into nerve signals and transported to the brain.
As individuals grow older, the proteins inside the lens painlessly clump together, clouding this typically clear lens. This clouding of the lens is called a cataract.
What are the types of cataracts?
Though most cases of cataracts are age-related, other types of cataracts do exist.
- Secondary Cataract: A cataract can occur after surgery or other
health problems, like glaucoma, diabetes, and steroid abuse.
- Traumatic Cataract: Cataracts can occasionally develop days
or even years after the eye experiences a traumatic injury.
- Congenital Cataract: Babies can be born with cataracts or
may develop them at a young age. Though both eyes are
typically affected with congenital cataracts, they are often
so small that vision is not altered.
- Radiation Cataract: Cataracts have also been known to
develop after extensive exposure to various types of ionizing
radiation like that used in cancer therapy and X-rays.
What causes cataracts?
Though cataracts begin small, affecting only a small portion of the lens, time and age typically worsen this disease, causing vision impairment over time. Though this is a painless process, the deterioration of vision can be both frustrating and frightening.
Recently, researchers have discovered that lifestyle habits and certain behaviors can add to the risk of cataract disease, like:
- Frequent sun exposure without proper eye protection
- High blood sugar
- High blood pressure
- Steroid medications
- Hormone replacement therapy
- Excessive amounts of alcohol
What are common symptoms of cataracts?
No matter how well we care for our eyes, the development of cataracts is often inevitable. However, with regular eye exams and attention to our vision health, cataracts can be detected early with the possibility of treatment. If you notice any of the following eye symptoms, make an appointment with your VSP network doctor as soon as possible:
- Your vision appears cloudy, blurry, or dim.
- Doing activities at night becomes much more difficult.
- Your eye’s lens appears darker with a hint of yellow or brown.
- Eyes become extremely sensitive to light.
- The clouded lens diffracts light entering the eye causing halo-like rings to surround the light source.
- Eyesight worsens rapidly and your prescription changes frequently.
- The yellow or brownish clumps of protein in your lens give everything a yellowish tint.
- Clouding of your eye causes double vision or diplopia.
How can I find out if I have cataracts?
If you notice any of the above symptoms, it is recommended that you make an eye exam appointment with your eye doctor immediately. If cataracts are diagnosed, you may be referred to an ophthalmologist, or an eye specialist who performs cataract surgery. Here are a few things you can do to prepare for your eye exam:
- Write down a list of questions you want to ask your doctor. You might want to ask about surgery protocol, risks, timelines, and more.
- Make a list of all the medications you are taking. Be sure to include vitamins and supplements as well.
- Bring a family member or friend along to your appointment to take notes or keep track of questions.
- Make note of any life stressors or changes that could be impacting your health.
- Most importantly, be sure to write down all symptoms you’ve experienced and how long you’ve been experiencing them.
VSP Individual Vision Plans Can Help You Save on Vision Care
Care for your eyesight with comprehensive vision insurance coverage from VSP Individual Vision Plans. With annual plans starting as low as $13 per month, VSP Individual Vision Plans provide a Well Vision Exam each year and access to a vast network of eye doctors you can trust. Enrollment is open year-round, and you can choose a future effective date that works with your schedule. Sign up for a vision insurance plan online or learn more about eye insurance coverage today.
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IBM chief executive and chairman Ginni Rometty says the world, and the company, is at the start of a seismic technological shift that occurs only once every 25 years and will be driven by artificial intelligence.
Speaking at the company's first THINK conference, which is expected to attract 40,000 people from across the world over three days, Ms Rometty said for the third time in 60 years the foundations were right for an "exponential shift" in technology to an era of exponential learning, driven by data.
"You might call it a watershed moment, an urgent moment, a critical moment, but none of them seem truly sufficient for this very unique moment," she said.
"Something happens when both business and technology architectures change at the same time and you look back in time and it's about every 25 years and it has the potential to change everything.
"It's a business that can learn exponentially and if you learn exponentially you become the disrupted, versus being disrupted."
Ms Rometty said while the previous major technological shifts had been deemed Moore's Law (transistors doubled every 18 months), followed by Metcalfe's Law (the principle that the value of the network is equal to the square of the nodes in the network), the next wave would be known as Watson's Law, after the tech giant's cognitive computer.
"Take all the data... add AI to it and that's what I mean by you get exponential learning," she said. "The ultimate competitive advantage of that is that you out-learn every body else. The corollary to that law is that contrary to conventional wisdom out there, many can win. Not just a few companies and if you ask why, the answer is the data."
For the past 25 years IBM has been granted the most patents of any company in the US. In 2017, it received 9043 patents, 3300 more than the next highest company Samsung.
These patents, which were granted to researchers in 47 countries, include inventions to help personalise AI speech, better manage self-driving cars and use blockchain to efficiently process transactions.
Ms Rometty, who is the first female chief executive in the 106-year-old company's history, has transformed the business to have an emphasis on services and research around artificial intelligence, quantum computing, cloud and blockchain. She received her biggest bonus as leader of the company last year after IBM's shares rose for the first time in four years in 2016.
As part of her keynote speech on Tuesday night, Ms Rometty touched on a range of major announcements from IBM, including an expansion of its deal with Apple that will see the tech companies join their AI and machine learning technologies, giving the 16 million developers creating apps for iOS access to Watson.
Apple and IBM will also launch a new developer console that lets Swift (Apple's coding language) developers use the IBM Cloud to build apps that are easier to code.
Ms Rometty also announced that IBM would be making its Watson Studio, which is IBM's service for building machine learning workflows and training models, available in the public cloud. This will let companies train Watson with their own data in the cloud, but then run them anywhere and keep the data within the company.
IBM also launched an enterprise voice assistant, like Siri or Alexa for corporates, named Watson Assistant.
To support this new era of data and exponential learning, Ms Rometty said IBM had bulked up its capability in emerging technologies and now had 8000 cyber security experts, 15,000 designers, 1500 blockchain staff and 1200 risk and compliance specialists within IBM.
She said the change in technology would lead to 100 per cent of jobs changing in all industries, but not everyone would have to have a PhD or university degree.
"It comes down on all of us to prepare the world and everyone to have these new skills," Ms Rometty said.
"We've even coined a phrase called 'new collar', not blue collar, not white collar. No stigma. It applies to mid career re-training and we're spending $US500 million ($650 million) on re-training every year and it's the point that we can't think of education ending at grade 12 or even grade 16. It will be lifelong.
"It's going to be man and machine, not man versus machine."
The writer travelled as a guest of IBM.
Fetching latest articles
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Usually when you go and buy a new car, that car loses, on average, 11% as soon as you drive off the lot. This, according to Graham. Within a year, it’ll be worth about 25% less than what you paid for it. And within five years, the average car value will have decreased around 63%. It makes sense. As the miles add up, so does the wear and tear. And even if it’s hardly ever driven and just sits in a garage, the tech will seem prehistoric after just a few years, won’t it?
But in 2020, when Covid hit, auto manufacturers were forced to shut down for a while. During that time, obviously, no new cars were being built. On top of that, you’ve got the semiconductor (aka chip) shortage that’s still going on. Those are the things that run the electric windows, the sensors, the navigation, and pretty much everything else. Graham says a car can easily have 3,000 chips or more. And that this shortage is getting better but it could last into 2024.
So with less new cars being built, it’s just economics 101, right? High demand, low supply, whaddya think’s gonna happen to car prices? They’re gonna go up. Depending on the make and model, a lot. All of a sudden, a three-year-old car’s selling for more than its original sticker price. “And that’s where the problem begins,” Graham says, in his latest YouTube video. “See, when buyers purchase a car, the vast majority of them are financed. In fact, 85% of new car purchases (and 55% of used cars) are bought with debt.”
“And what makes this so unique,” he continues, “is that, unlike real estate, auto loans are not subject to strict underwriting requirements. This means nearly anyone can get a loan if they really wanna drive off with a new purchase. It’s like the Wild West, it’s super predatory. Meanwhile, borrowers with good credit are talked into high interest loans that are more than double the average rate. It’s estimated that 25- to 50% of loans are given to customers who might not be able to afford them.”
Graham adds that about 5% of all auto loans are behind on payments and nearly half are underwater. Meaning, the buyer of the car owes more than what the car’s actually worth. Which says a lot since, as we just discussed, cars are selling for stupid prices right now. Graham believes that the automative industry is about to collapse, similar to the housing market of ’08. It’s interesting, when car buyers obtain a loan, be it through a bank or a dealership, those loans are bundled together and sold (on the secondary market) to investors who wanna get paid back with interest.
As a result, the original lenders get all their money back plus make a little extra from fees and whatnot. Then what do they do? They go hand out more auto loans to every Tom, Dick, and Harry who thinks they need a used G-Wagon for $85k over MSRP, and repeat the process, right? But what happens when inflation nickel-and-dimes everyone to death and more people start losing their jobs (which is expected to happen) and chip supply gets back to normal, thus evening out supply and demand for the car market?
Well, ya get a bunch of people with a bunch of loans they can’t pay back on cars that are now plummeting in value, so what’s the point anyway, right? Cars’ll probably start getting repossessed left and right, flooding the market with new inventory, which’ll only worsen the problem. “At a certain point, it’s just not sustainable,” Graham says, “and that needs to be acknowledged. Very few people are talking about this, and the more people understand what’s going on, the more we can prevent the problem from getting worse in the future.”
TRENDING: The Top Recession-Proof Business
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It's that time of year. Tassels and robes. Meaningful speeches about life. Pomp and circumstance.
And at some graduations, inflated beach balls, noisemakers, Mardi Gras beads and silly string.
Known for being steeped in tradition, and well, let's face it, stodginess, commencement ceremonies can be long and boring.
That's one of the reasons some schools allow for lighthearted interjections.
After all, says Del Garrick, principal at Woodland Park High School, "It's a celebration of accomplishments for students, families and friends."
The school, in the mountains west of Colorado Springs, puts on an event described as "fun" with a capital F.
Each year, the 200 or so graduates are allowed to chant or cheer whenever a speaker at the ceremony at the Pikes Peak Center mentions their class, in this case 2014.
They can bring inflatable balls or other shapes (like last year's sheep) to bat around while they're seated on stage.
Cowbells are A-OK, as is decorating their graduation cap with sayings or references to their future college. Sunglasses are a common accessory, to help cut the glare of the lighting.
"It's special and unique to our school and our students," Garrick said of the ceremony style. "The kids have the freedom to express themselves because it's their accomplishment."
But, there are rules.
During the practice on the morning of graduation day, Garrick said, administrators lecture students on what they can and cannot do.
"We talk a lot about what respect looks like," Garrick said, "and while they're more than welcome to have a good time, they're no longer in kindergarten and need to respect fellow classmates and guest speakers."
That means students cannot be noisy or disrespectful during a speech or musical performance, and they're reminded of the parameters right before the ceremony starts.
Allowing some leeway seems to help students honor the boundaries, Garrick said.
"They do a great job with their behavior. They hold it down when they're supposed to and have fun at the right times," he said.
"People seem pleasantly surprised because it's different, but it works."
Graduation at Colorado Springs Early Colleges, a charter high school authorized by the Colorado Charter School Institute, runs along the same lines, with props such as beach balls, noisemakers, sunglasses with the graduation year and personalized caps.
"It's a little on the light side," administrator Keith King said.
"We get the senior class involved in the planning, and the fun is the students' idea," he said. "It's a ceremony, but it's also a moment for them to do something that's memorable to them."
Traditional elements are included: the grand march into First United Methodist Church where the ceremony is held, a few speeches and official awarding of diplomas and degrees. Students also add serious features, such as a flute or vocal solo by a talented classmate.
The approach fits the school's identity as "an engine of innovation," King said. As its name suggests, Colorado Springs Early Colleges focuses on students charting their future by taking college courses and earning associate's or bachelor's degrees at the same time as their high school diploma.
"Because of the entrepreneurial aspect of our school, the kids feel engaged in all aspects, including the graduation ceremony," King said.
Out east at Calhan High School, longtime traditions that have become community-wide expectations prevail. Alumni who graduated from the school, both decades ago and more recently, are asked to stand and be recognized. A senior class member always sings a solo. A memory video with baby pictures of graduates plays on a big screen. Teachers wear long robes with hoods indicating their college alma mater.
"It's very structured and formal because we believe it's important for students to understand the importance of education," Calhan School District RJ1 Superintendent Linda Miller said.
But every year at the conclusion, it's time to kick up some heels. The 50 or so graduates are allowed one "playful" act involving Miller. Last year, every graduate put a string of Mardi Gras beads around her neck. Another year she got a plastic beach ball and a challenge to toss it around. Then there were the mounds of red plastic cups, which she made into a tower on stage. Sometimes it's been silly string or goofy hats.
"I'm a little scared each year - I don't know what I'll get," Miller joked. "But it's controlled fun, and there are expectations around behavior."
Some school districts wouldn't dream of including even one deviation from their usual commencement format.
Five years ago, Cheyenne Mountain School District 12 switched its venue from the high school football field to the Colorado Springs World Arena.
That created concern about whether the district would be able to continue longstanding traditions related to the look and feel of the ceremony, Superintendent Walt Cooper said.
But the school was able to set up the seating and other aspects in a similar fashion and maintain the culture of the event - which has never permitted anything out of the ordinary.
"Oh, no, no." Cooper said.
"Our students and their families and friends are respectful of the ceremony and are mature and appropriate in the way they celebrate their accomplishment," he said. "Proper decorum doesn't often become an issue."
Lewis-Palmer School District 38's two high schools also go formal, all the way.
Graduation ceremonies for Lewis-Palmer High and Palmer Ridge High are held at the U.S. Air Force Academy's Clune Arena, where everyone must pass through a metal detector, and event staff from the arena direct guests and sell refreshments.
The ceremonies attract up to 5,000 people and are "formal, professional and well-orchestrated," D-38 spokeswoman Robin Adair said.
"Occasionally, a kid jumps after getting the diploma," she said, "but that's about all."
And, if students misbehave, "They're turned over to the MPs (military police)."
"So that sets a serious tone," Adair said.
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Tuesday looms as a crucial day in the U.S. presidential race as Democrats Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton battle in four states holding primaries. Meanwhile, Republican John McCain is on the verge of wrapping up his party's presidential nomination. VOA National Correspondent Jim Malone reports on the election campaign from Washington.
Ohio, Texas, Vermont and Rhode Island hold primaries Tuesday in what could be a decisive showdown in the race for the Democratic nomination.
Hillary Clinton is pinning her hopes of staying in the race on winning the two largest states, Ohio and Texas.
The latest polls show Clinton leading in Ohio, while Obama may have a slight edge in Texas.
Foreign policy and national security have emerged as key issues in recent days.
The Clinton campaign is running a television ad questioning whether Obama is ready to handle a crisis overseas as president.
"It is 3:00 am and your children are safe and asleep. But there is a phone in the White House and it is ringing. Something is happening in the world. Your vote will decide who answers that call."
Clinton rallied supporters in Ohio by emphasizing her experience as a senator and as First Lady during her husband's administration.
"Who would you hire to end the war in Iraq and answer the phone at 3:00 am in the White House? I promise you, I will work my heart out for you," she said. "I hope you will come out and vote for me tomorrow! Let us go make history! Thank you!"
During his campaign stops in Texas and Ohio, Obama has countered that Clinton's initial support for the war in Iraq undermines her claim of better experience and judgment on foreign policy.
"To this day, she will not even admit that her vote was a mistake or that it was even a vote for war," he said. "So besides the decision to invade Iraq, we are still waiting to hear Senator Clinton tell us what precise foreign policy experience that she is claiming."
Obama leads in delegates for the party nomination and has won 11 straight contests against Clinton.
The latest estimate from the Associated Press shows Obama has nearly 1,400 committed delegates, while Clinton has nearly 1,300. To win the Democratic nomination 2,025 are needed.
Democrats award delegates on a proportional basis, which means it will be difficult for Clinton to catch up to Obama unless she wins individual primary and caucus contests by wide margins.
At least one prominent Democrat believes his party should be willing to close ranks behind one of the two remaining contenders following Tuesday's primaries. New Mexico Governor Bill Richardson told the CBS program Face the Nation the party should rally around whichever candidate has more delegates after Tuesday's voting.
"We have to have a positive campaign after Tuesday," he said. "Whoever has the most delegates after Tuesday, a clear lead, should be in my judgment, the nominee. I think we have to be ready for a very strong John McCain. Republicans are united right now."
Richardson withdrew from the Democratic race in January, but has yet to endorse either Obama or Clinton.
In the Republican race, Senator John McCain is in a position to effectively clinch the party nomination with victories in the four states holding primaries on Tuesday.
McCain is within striking distance of the 1,191 delegates needed to secure the nomination against two remaining Republican challengers, former Arkansas governor Mike Huckabee and Texas Congressman Ron Paul.
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- Xystus III
Chosen 44th pope in 432. Approved the results of the Council of Ephesus. Corresponded extensively with Saint Augustine of Hippo. Fought Nestorianism and Pelagianism. Restored several Roman basilicas including Saint Peter’s and Saint John Lateran. Defended the supremacy of the pope over local bishops, and over Illyria which the emperor wanted to transfer to the control of Constantinople.
- “Pope Saint Sixtus III“. CatholicSaints.Info. 22 March 2016. Web. 28 October 2016. <>
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In order to be a good reader children not only need to be able to read fluently but they must also be able to make sense of what they read. How can we help our children become good readers? How can we encourage them to make connections to what they read?
Reading comprehension and the building of vocabulary is a huge focus in 1st grade. As both a mom and an educator, I know that education begins here at home, with me. Although both Lil Divas are being taught reading strategies at school, I know how important it is to continue to build on what they learning at school, here at home. Of course, after a long day at school the last thing the Lil Divas want to do is sit and work some more. How do I combat this? By making our learning fun. We play games, read books they want to read and work on activities that are both inviting and engaging.
The Lil Divas love to play. They enjoy board games, computer games, apps - well you get the idea. So I am always willing to let them try educational toys such as Hot Dots whose aim is to help children develop various skills such as reading comprehension, vocabulary, phonics, math, science and social studies.
We were recently given the opportunity to review the interactive Talking Hot Dots Pen along with Phonics Flash Cards - Blends & Digraphs, Reading Comprehension Cards - Getting the Main Idea and Laugh It Up Vocabulary Cards - Synonyms by Educational Insights. You know that we have had a relationship with this company for some time and they never disappoint. You can check out some of our previous reviews here.
The Pen works much like our old friend Ace. It is interactive and great for independent learning. A simple press to the card gives an immediate response - a green light and positive answer means you were correct and a red light and "Whoops! Not it", or other such response let you know it was not correct and encourages the child to try again.
The Oldest Diva was able to choose titles that appealed to her and work on reading comprehension - understanding the main idea independently. This was great to have when I was working with the Littlest Diva on homework. It provided us with an activity that was beneficial, she found it fun and she could do it 100% on her own with me listening to the pen to give me an idea of how she was doing.
The synonym cards were more of a challenge. We usually work on these together but I like that they are helping enrich her vocabulary. It gives us an opportunity to talk about new words and I have caught her using a few of them in conversation. Isn't that fabulous?
The Hot Dots Pen & card sets have been a wonderful learning tool in our home. We have not experienced any technical issues with the pen and both girls find it very easy to use. It's been a wonderful independent learning tool for 1st grader and I can see this being an asset in the classroom as well as in the home. This would be great at an independent reading learning center.
Onto the fun stuff - the fabulous people over at Educational Insights are giving away a Hot Dots Pen and 2 card sets (of choice!) to one lucky Mom to 2 Posh Lil Divas reader. Yay! Isn't that an awesome giveaway?
Entering the giveaway is easy peasy - just use the rafflecopter form below to enter to win. This one is open to both US & Canada residents and ends on October 11, 2012. See official sweepstakes rules here.
Disclaimer - I received the products mentioned in this post free from Educational Insights in order to facilitate this review. The opinions expressed are 100% my own and based on our personal experiences with the products. Your experience and opinions may differ.
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|How to pronounce Maidan|
MAY + Day + mAN
Each block is a syllable. Thick black border indicates stress/emphasis. Other pronunciations are acceptable.
|Arabic Spelling (How to write Maidan in Arabic)||مَيْدان|
|Alternate spellings of Maidan||Maydan Maydaan Maidaan |
All of the above spellings are acceptable for this name. You may also create your own spelling.
Meaning of Maidan
Maidan is an Arabic name for boys and girls that means “arena”, “courtyard”, “square”, “plaza”.
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Click Here to Purchase Individual Heat Pipes
Heat pipes are a transport mechanism to move heat from the hot source to an area where the heat can be dissipated. Heat pipes do not actually dissipate the heat and are therefore incorporated into many different types of heat sinks as helpers. A heat pipe is a copper tube with an internal wick structure that is sealed on both ends with a small amount of water inside. As heat is applied to the pipe, the water will boil and turn to a gas, which then travels to the colder section of the heat pipe where it condenses back to a liquid. It is the evaporation and condensing of the water that forms a pumping action to move the water (and thus the heat) along the pipe.
If you are from canada you can play online mobile casino such as mobile casino sites from Canada.
There are many types of wick structures that can be used within the heat pipe and they are generally classified as grooved, mesh, powder, and hybrid. A grooved heat pipe is a copper tube with a series of shallow grooves around the internal perimeter of the heat pipe. While the water is a liquid, it travels in the grooves and while it is a vapor it travels in the open space of the pipe. Grooved pipes can be used in horizontal orientations, but are very limited in performance if used about 15° out of horizontal.
A mesh heat pipe is a smooth walled copper tube with a woven copper mesh installed along the interior of the pipe. The mesh is designed to remain in contact with the walls of the pipe in areas where the pipe may be bent or flattened. Mesh pipes can be used in horizontal and about 30° out of horizontal orientations.
A powder wick heat pipe can also be known as a sintered heat pipe. During the manufacturing process a mandrel is installed in the center of the pipe and copper powder is poured into the pipe around the mandrel. After the powder is sufficiently packed, the parts are placed into a sintering oven. Once at temperature, the copper powder will stick to the pipe and to itself, forming lots of internal pockets like a sponge. Because of the small pocket sizes, sintered pipes can efficiently move the water and can be used horizontally, vertically, and at all points in between, including upside down.
The performance (amount of heat that can be transferred) of a heat pipe is a function of its length, diameter, wick structure, and overall shape. The larger the diameter, the more power that can be transported, but the longer the length, the less capable the pipe. Sintered heat pipes are better than meshed, which are better than grooved. Heat pipes can be bent and flattened in order to move the heat where needed or to fit into smaller spaces, but these types of modifications impact the total heat that can be transported. In cases where the amount of heat needed to be transported is too great for a single pipe, multiple pipes can be used in parallel and series to move more heat over greater distances.
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Wondering how to paint a boat? Well, when it comes to painting a boat, there are a few things you need to take into consideration before you start. The type of paint, the weather conditions, and the preparation all play a role in how your boat will turn out. In this blog post, we will discuss each of these factors in detail and provide some tips on how to paint your boat like a pro!
You should follow these steps when painting a boat.
1) Choosing The Right Type Of Paint
When you start painting fiberglass boats, it is important to choose the right type of paint. The two most common types of paint are:
Oil-based paint is more durable and resists fading, but it is also more difficult to apply. Water-based paint is easier to apply, but it will not last as long as oil-based paint. When choosing bottom paint, it is also important to consider the type of boat you are painting.
If you are painting a small boat that will be used in freshwater, any type of paint will work. However, if you are painting a large boat that will be used in salt water, it is best to use oil-based paint.
Salt water can damage water-based paint, causing it to flake and peel. Oil-based paint will resist salt water damage and will last longer, making it the best choice for boats that will be used in salt water.
2) Preparing The Surface For Painting
Before painting any surface, it is important to take the time to properly prepare the surface. This will ensure that the paint adheres properly and creates a smooth, even finish.
The first step is to clean the surface with a mild detergent and water. This will remove any dirt, dust, and grease that could prevent the paint from bonding properly. Next, any old paint should be sanded off and any holes or cracks should be filled in.
3) Using A Primer
Once the surface is smooth, it should be primed with a quality primer. This will create an even base for the paint and help to prevent chips and flaking.
Finally, the surface should be allowed to dry completely before starting loose paint. By taking the time to properly prepare the surface, you can create a beautiful and long-lasting finish.
4) The Best Way To Apply The Paint On Boat
Once the surface is prepared, it is time to apply the paint. There are two main ways to apply paint:
Both methods will work, but we recommend using a roller. This will create a smooth, even finish and help to avoid any brush strokes. When painting with a roller, it is important to use light, even strokes. Start at the top of the boat and work your way down, using long, smooth strokes.
Once the painting process is done, it should be allowed to dry completely before adding any additional coats. By taking the time to properly prepare and paint your boat bottom, you can create a beautiful finish that will last for years.
Roll And Tip Method
The roll and tip method is the best way to paint a boat.
When using this method, you will need:
-A roller frame
-A roller sleeve
-Ladder (if painting the hull of a large boat)
First, you will need to fill your paint tray with paint. Next, attach the paint roller sleeve to the frame and dip it into the paint. Once the sleeve is saturated with marine paint, begin rolling it onto the boat. Start at the top of the boat and work your way down, using long, smooth strokes.
Once you have rolled the paint onto the boat, use a brush to tip the paint. This means that you will use the brush to slightly feather the edges of the paint. This will create a smooth, even finish and help to avoid any brush strokes. Finally, allow the paint to dry completely before adding any additional coats.
Tips For Keeping Your Boat Paint Looking Good For Years To Come:
Boats are a big investment, so it’s important to take care of them. Here are some tips for keeping your boat paint looking good for years to come:
1. Keep It Clean
Regular cleaning will help to prevent dirt and grime build-up, which can lead to corrosion and other damage.
2. Protect It From The Elements
Sun, wind, and water can all take their toll on your boat. Use a cover or tarp when possible, and be sure to wax and polish regularly.
3. Monitor The Condition Of The Hull
The hull is the most important part of your boat, so it’s important to keep an eye on its condition. Look for cracks, holes, or other damage and repair them as soon as possible.
4. Store It Properly
When not in use, your boat should be stored in a dry, well-ventilated place. This will help to prevent mildew and other moisture-related problems.
Variety Of Painting Products On The Market:
There are a variety of painting products available on the market, each designed for a specific purpose. For example, primer is used to help paint adhere to surfaces, while sealant is used to protect surfaces from moisture. Enamel is a type of paint that is durable and resistant to scratches, making it ideal for surfaces that will see a lot of wear and tear.
Paint thinner is used to clean brushes and other painting equipment, as well as to remove paint from surfaces. So you should choose the one that is best suited for your needs.
Aftercare & Maintenance
Now that you have your newly painted boat, it is important to know how to take care of it in order to maintain the paint job and keep your boat looking new. Here are some tips on how to do just that.
- One of the most important things to do is to keep your boat clean. That means regular washing with soap and water and drying it afterward.
- You should also avoid using any harsh chemicals or cleaners on your boat as they can damage the paint.
- In addition, it is important to wax your boat regularly in order to protect the paint from the sun and other elements.
- if you hit something while docking or if you rub up against something while out on the water, you do end up with scratches or chips. Be sure to touch them up as soon as possible so that they don’t rust or further damage the paint job.
By following these simple tips, you can help keep your boat’s paint job looking new for many years to come.
The Ending Note:
Paint can really help to improve the look of your boat and protect it from the elements. However, it is important to take the time to properly prepare the surface and apply the paint. Additionally, you should regularly clean and wax your boat to keep the paint looking new.
If you do end up with scratches or chips, be sure to touch them up as soon as possible to prevent further damage. By following these simple tips, you can keep your boat’s paint job looking new for years to come.
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Home' Teacher : July 2010 Contents 24 TEACHER JUNE/JU LY 2010
I was smiling so much my face was
starting to hurt. Look at all that learning, I
thought to myself.
Then came the com ment that made me
stop in my tracks. 'We're so, like, feminist.'
I've never thought of feminists and physics
in the same sentence before. It was quite a
revolutionary idea for all of us.
At the end of the class we discussed the
different components that we'd found in
the equipment. We discussed the reasons
for the differences in the sizes of the circuit
'Where would we be without physics?'
I asked. This was real science, but had it
helped to change attitudes? Would this new
hands on approach help get me enough
enrolments to run a Years 11 and 12 phys-
ics class, or was it too little, too late? Would
simply pulling apart electronic equipment
help these girls believe they could do physics
in Years 11 and 12?
Of course not, I told myself, but it's a
start and we all have to start somewhere.
Hopefully we started to break down a few
mental barriers, and even if all I did was
raise my students' curiosity about how stuff
works so that next time their MP3 stops
working they consider fixing it themselves,
that in itself, has to be a valuable thing.
* Stude nts' names have been changed.
Emm a Rhodes teaches Science at Clon ard
A version of this article first appeared in
Looking into Practice: Cases of Science
teachers' professional growth, published by
Monash Print Ser vices/Catholic Education
Office, Melbourne, as part of the Com-
monwealth government's Qu ality Teacher
Program. Reproduced with kind permis-
sion . For the full set of cases on which this
series draws, see Berry, A., & Keast, S.
(Eds). (2009). Looking into Practice: Cases
of Science teachers' professional growth
Melbourne: Mon ash Print Services/Catho -
lic Educ ation Office, Melbourne.
Em ma Rhodes, in describing how she dealt
with a group of girls who had already decided
that physics was not for them, asks a signifi-
cant question: how do we best encourage
participation in science? That question, of
course, raises another one: who is sciencefor?
Consider how scientists are portrayed in
our mass media. If most people were asked
to describe or draw a scientist the image
formed is usually a male wearing glasses
and a white lab coat, with uncontrollable,
crazy white hair! Do all scientists look like
How do we combat these entrenched
views and assist students to see what sci-
ence really is, how it is done and who does
it? How do we as teachers introduce science
as interesting, enjoyable and suitable for all
students in our classrooms?
Science classrooms often perpetuate a
view of school science that reinforces the
stereotype -- we even get our students to put
on lab coats to do experiments. A good way
to start countering such stereotypes might
be to get the students out of the classroom,
to investigate science in their local envi-
ronment, for example, looking carefully at
the natural environment within the school
grounds, taking water samples in the local
creek, or tracking the weather patterns for
their area and comparing them with another
region. These are simple things that involve
careful observation and collection of data,
but don't necessarily require the students to
wear a lab coat. Similarly, you might organ-
ise a visit to a local venues to identify the
science done there, for example, to the local
football club to look at the ways a sports
scientist improves the players' fitness and
Completing a tour of a working labo-
ratory may also help students to better
understand some of the work that scientists
engage with and offer them the chance to
think about why scientists do experiments;
it certainly isn't just to prove or demon-
strate a theory they've just learnt. Many
laboratory scientists conduct tests to check
that the processes in a factory are produc-
ing the materials or items as expected. In
the health industry, likewise, scientists con-
duct blood tests, to measure glucose, say,
Scientist-in-residence programs have
operated at many schools in a variety of
formats and can involve a scientist making
regular visits to a schoolto assist withprac-
Who is science for?
ASKING HOW WE BEST ENCOURAGE PARTICIPATION IN SCIENCE RAISES ANOTHER
QUESTION: WHO IS SCIENCE FOR? THE ANSWER, SAY STEPHEN KEAST AND
REBECCA COOPER, IS NOT JUST MEN WEARING GLASSES AND WHITE LAB COATS,
WITH UNCONTROLLABLE, CRAZY WHITE HAIR.
Links Archive May 2010 August 2010 Navigation Previous Page Next Page
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The Jataka, Vol. II, tr. by W.H.D. Rouse, , at sacred-texts.com
"The best, the best you always," etc.--This story the Master told in Jetavana about the Elder Dhanuggahatissa. Mahākosala, the father of king Pasenadi, when he married his daughter, the Lady Kosalā, to king Bimbisāra, gave a village of Kāsi, producing a revenue of a hundred thousand, for bath and perfume money. When Ajātasattu murdered the king his father, the lady Kosala died of grief. Then thought king Pasenadi, "Ajātasattu has killed his father, my sister has died from sympathy with her husband's misfortune; I will not give the Kāsi town to the parricide." So he refused to give it to Ajātasattu. About this village there was war betwixt these two from time to time. Ajātasattu was fierce and strong, and Pasenadi was a very old man, so he was beaten again and again, and the people of Mahākosala were generally conquered. Then the king asked his courtiers, "We are constantly being beaten; what is to be done?" "My lord," said they, "the reverend fathers are skilled in incantations. We must hear the word of the Brothers who dwell in the Jetavana monastery." Then the king despatched couriers, bidding them listen to the converse of the Brothers at a suitable time. Now at the time there were two old Elders living in a leaf-hut close to the monastery, whose names were Elder Utta and Elder Dhanuggahatissa. Dhanuggahatissa had slept through the first and second watch of the night; and awaking in the last watch, he broke some sticks, lit a fire, and sitting down said, "Utta, my friend!" "What is it, friend Tissa?" "Are you not asleep?" "Now we are awake, what's to do?" "Get up, now, and sit by me." So he did, and began to talk to him. "That stupid, pot-bellied Kosala never has a jar full of boiled rice without letting it spoil; how to plan a war he knows not a bit. He is always being beaten and forced to pay." "But what should he do?" Now just then the couriers stood listening to their talk. The Elder Dhanuggahatissa discussed the nature of war. "War, Sir," said he, "consists of three kinds: the lotus army, the wheel army, and the waggon army 2. If those who wish to capture Ajātasattu will post garrisons in two hill-forts right away in the hills, and pretend that they are weak, and watch till they get him among the hills, and bar his passage, leap out from the two forts and take him in front and in the rear, and shout aloud, they will quickly have him like a landed fish, like a frog in the fist; and so they will be able to secure him." All this the couriers told their king. The king caused the drum to be beaten for the attack, arranged his army waggon-wise, took Ajātasattu alive; his daughter, Princess Vajirā he gave in marriage to his sister's son, and dismissed her with the Kāsi village for her bath-money.
This event became known among the Brotherhood. One day, they were all talking about it in the Hall of Truth; "Friend, I hear that the king of Kosala conquered Ajātasattu through the instructions of Dhanuggahatissa." The Master
came in; "What do you sit here talking about now, Brothers?" asked he. They told him. He said, "This is not the first time that Dhanuggahatissa was clever in discussing war": and he told them an old-world tale.
Once upon a time, when Brahmadatta was reigning in Benares, the Bodhisatta came to life as a tree-spirit. At that time there were some carpenters settled in a village near Benares. One of them, on going into the forest to get wood, found a young boar fallen in a pit, which he took home and kept. He grew big, with curved tusks, and was a well-mannered creature. Because the carpenter kept him, he went by the name of Carpenter's Boar. When the carpenter was chopping up a tree, the boar used to turn the tree over with his snout, and with his teeth fetch hatchet and adze, chisel and mallet, and pull along the measuring line by the end. The carpenter was afraid somebody might eat him up; so he took him and let him go in the forest. The Boar ran into the forest, looking for a safe and pleasant place to live in; and at last he espied a great cave up in a mountain side, with plenty of bulbs, and roots, and fruits, a pleasant living-place. Some hundreds of other boars saw him and approached him.
Said he to them, "You are just what I am looking for, and here I have found you. This seems a nice place; and here I mean to live now with you."
"A nice place it certainly is," said they, "but dangerous."
"Ah," said he, "as soon as I saw you, I wondered how it was that those who dwell in so plentiful a place could be so meagre in flesh and blood. What is it you are afraid of?"
"There is a tiger comes in the morning, and every one he sees he seizes and carries off."
"Does this always happen, or only now and then?"
"How many tigers are there?"
"What--one alone too many for all of you!"
"I'll catch him, if you only do what I tell you. Where does this tiger live?"
"On that hill yonder."
So at night he drilled the Boars and prepared them for war; explaining to them the science. "War is of three kinds--the lotus army, the wheel army, and the waggon army:" and he arranged them after the lotus pattern. He knew the place of vantage; so, says he, "Here we must set our battle." The mothers and their suckling brood he placed
in the middle; around these he put the sows that had no young; around these, the little boars; around these, those which were rather young; around these, all whose tusks were grown; around these, the boars fit for battle, strong and powerful, by tens and by twenties; thus he placed them in serried ranks. Before his own position he had a round hole dug; behind it, a pit getting gradually deeper and deeper, shaped like a winnowing basket 1. As he moved about amongst them, followed by sixty or seventy Boars, bidding them be of good courage, the dawn broke.
The Tiger awoke. "Time now!" thought he. He trotted up till he caught sight of them; then stopped still upon the plateau, glaring at the crowd of Boars. "Glare back!" cried the Carpenter's Boar, with a signal to the rest, They all glared. The Tiger opened his mouth, and drew a long breath: the Boars all did the same. The Tiger relieved himself: so did the Boars. Thus whatever the Tiger did, the Boars did after him.
"Why, what's this!" the Tiger wondered. "They used to take to their heels as soon as they saw me--indeed, they were too much frightened even to run. Now so far from running, they actually stand up against me! Whatever I do, they mimic. There's a fellow yonder on a commanding position: he it is who has organised the rabble. Well, I don't see how to get the better of them." And he turned away and went back to his lair.
Now there was a sham hermit, who used to get a share of the Tiger's prey. This time the Tiger returned empty-handed. Noticing this, the hermit repeated the following stanza.
At this address, the Tiger repeated another stanza:
"Oh, don't be afraid of them!" urged the hermit. "One roar and one leap will frighten them out of their wits, and send them pell-mell." The Tiger yielded to this insistence. Plucking up his courage, he went back and stood upon the plateau.
Carpenter's Boar stood between the two pits. "See Master! here's the scoundrel again! "cried the Boars. "Oh, don't be afraid," said he, "we have him now."
With a roar the Tiger leapt upon Carpenter's Boar. At the very instant he sprang, the Boar dodged and dropped straight into the round hole. The Tiger could not stop, but tumbled over and over and fell all of a heap in the jaws of the other pit, where it got very narrow. Up jumps the Boar out of his hole, and quick as lightning ran his tusk into the Tiger's thighs, tore him about the kidneys, buried his fangs in the creature's sweet flesh, and wounded his head. Then he tosses him out of the pit, crying aloud--"Here's your enemy for you!" They who came first had tiger to eat; but they who came after went about sniffing at the others' mouths, and asking what tiger's flesh tasted like!
But the Boars were still uneasy. "What's the matter now?" asked our Hog, who had noticed their movements.
"Master," said they, "it's all very well to kill one tiger, but the sham hermit can bring ten tigers more!"
"Who is he?"
"A wicked ascetic."
"The tiger I have killed; do you suppose a man can hurt me? Come along, and we'll get hold of him." So they all set forth.
Now the man had been wondering why the Tiger was so long in coming. Could the Boars have caught him? he thought. At last he started to meet him on the way; and as he went, there came the Boars! He snatched up his belongings, and off he ran. The Boars tore after him. He threw away his encumbrances, and with all speed climbed up a fig-tree.
"Now, Master, it's all up!" cried the herd. "The man has climbed a tree!"
"What tree?" their leader asked.
They replied, "A fig-tree."
"Oh, very well," said the leader. "The sows must bring water, the young ones dig about the tree, the tuskers tear at the roots, and the rest surround it and watch." They did their several tasks as he bade them; he meanwhile charged full at a great thick root, --’twas like an axe-blow; and with this one blow he felled the tree to the ground. The Boars who were waiting for the man, knocked him down, tore him to pieces, gnawed the bones clean in a moment!
Now they perched Carpenter's Boar on the tree-trunk. They filled the dead man's shell with water, and sprinkled the Boar to consecrate him for their king; a young sow they consecrated to be his Consort.
This, the saying goes, is the origin of the custom still observed. When people make a king now-a-days, he is placed on a fine chair of fig-wood, and sprinkled out of three shells.
A sprite that dwelt in that forest beheld this marvel. Appearing
before the Boars in a cleft of his tree-trunk, he repeated the third stanza:
After this discourse the Master identified the Birth: "Dhanuggaha the Elder was the Carpenter's Boar, and I was the tree-sprite."
275:1 See Morris, Folk-lore Journal, iv. 48.
275:2 These are technical terms in Sanskrit also (padmavyūho, çakaṭa°, cakra°); see Manu 7. 188, 7. 187, and B. R. diet. s.v. The 'wheel' explains itself: the 'waggon' was a wedge-shaped phalanx; the 'lotus,' as noted by Bühler (trans. of Manu in S. B. E. page 246), is "equally extended on all sides and perfectly circular, the centre being occupied by the king."
277:1 The winnowing basket has low walls on three sides, two of them sloping towards the open end. See a picture in Grierson, Bihar Peasant Life, 118.
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- She is betrothed to a son of the Li family.
- The test yesterday was a son of a gun.
- The king who is fuc-king is a son of the king who had fuc-ked.
- The team was given a pep talk on the morning of the big match.
- The bird-song is the echo of the morning light back from the earth.
- In the Old Testament, a son of Jacob and the forebear of one of the tribes of Israel.
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We look at a passage of the Bible which is among the most abused regarding money, but also underpins the way our western society is structured.
In this talk we look at how to keep good relationships, be selfless, receive from God and refuse to criticise.
How to make room in our lives, learning to be generous with time, money and personal skills.
In this talk we look at the two wealthy men in Luke 18-19, and their different reactions as they encounter Jesus.
Can we look at our own lives and see where we have privilege? How can we use these to bless others? God gifted Solomon with wisdom, but things went wrong when he misunderstood this gift as being for himself.
When your best isn’t good enough you can be left feeling unworthy. In Jesus, even though we have failed and fallen short of the mark, he has reached it for us.
God has given us gifts as a blessing. Andrew talks about how we use these spiritual gifts as part of the body of Christ (the Church).
The Holy Spirit helps us on mission. God wants to use ordinary people like us — he’s looking for people who are open to him, listening to his voice and walking in obedience.
When you have something better to live for, it affects your whole life.
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Comets and Deep Impact Mission
by: Meghana Kalavagunta- 5th period
First of all...what is a comet?
-Comets can be a few miles long.
- They live in the Kuiper belt.
-They are large icy structures until they come closer to the sun, where they start to melt.
-When they come close to the sun, comets melt to form a ‘tail’ called the Coma, giving the comet it's shape.
-No matter what, the Coma will face away from the Sun.
-Tempel 1 is a comet that lives in the Kuiper Belt.
-Was discovered by Wilhelm Tempel in 1867.
-Has a mass of 370 kg
-Was traveling at a rate of 68,800 mph when Deep Impact hit it.
-Deep Impact was a spaceship created by NASA to explore a Comet!
-Deep impact was used to see not only the outside of Tempel 1 but the inside too.
-Unfortunately, taking pictures of the inside of Tempel 1 was very difficult and expensive for the Deep Impact Mission.
-It took 6 YEARS to reach Tempel 1 in the Kuiper Belt.
-July 4th 2005 the spacecraft Deep Impact landed on Comet Tempel 1.
The Coma of a Comet is made of gas and dust; the stuff on the outer layer of a comet that melts when it goes near the sun.
Deep Impact was released in Pasadena, California.
Like everything else in the Kuiper Belt, Comets are waste particles of planets formed billions of years ago and were pushed further out into our Solar System.
NASA. NASA, n.d. Web. 27 Apr. 2015
"Spaceflight Now | Deep Impact | Deep Impact Fires Its Bullet at Comet Tempel 1." Spaceflight Now | Deep Impact | Deep Impact Fires Its Bullet at Comet Tempel 1. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Apr. 2015.
"Deep Impact: Mission Results: Mission Results." Deep Impact: Mission Results: Mission Results. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Apr. 2015.
"Video in the News: Countdown to Comet Crash." National Geographic. National Geographic Society, n.d. Web. 27 Apr. 2015.
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Pick up and delivery from €29
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Joseph Heinrich Beuys was a German artist, teacher, performance artist, and art theorist whose work reflected concepts of humanism, sociology, and anthroposophy. He was a founder of a provocative art movement known as Fluxus and was a key figure in the development of Happenings. In 1982, he was invited to create a work for 'Documenta 7'. He delivered a large pile of basalt stones. From above one could see that the pile of stones was a large arrow pointing to a single oak tree that he had planted. He announced that the stones should not be moved unless an oak tree was planted in a stone's new location. 7,000 oak trees were then planted in Kassel, Germany. This litho (72 x 57 cm) dates from 1983, is signed, and is no. 29 of a series of 200. It is in immaculate condition part due to the framing with acid-free Barth products (see certificate). Price is € 900.
As good as new with no signs of wear
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Name of Dish: Coconut lane cake by Edna Lewis
Lane Cake is named after its first baker Mrs. Emma R. Lane. She called it ‘Prize Cake’ as it won her the first prize at county fair in Columbus, Georgia. As Lane belonged to the city of Clayton, Alabama, this cake is also known as ‘Alabama Lane Cake’.
Complexity level: Moderate
Time taken: 45 minutes to 1 hour
Ingredients for cake
- Three and half cups cake flour
- Two teaspoons cream of tartar
- Two teaspoons baking soda
- One-fourth teaspoon salt
- One cup milk, at room temperature
- One teaspoon pure vanilla extract
- Two sticks ( half pound) unsalted butter, softened
- Two cups sugar
- Eight large egg whites, at room temperature
Ingredients for filling in the cake
- Twelve large egg yolks
- One and half cup sugar
- One and half sticks (Six ounces) unsalted butter, melted and cooled
- One and half cup (Six ounces) finely chopped pecans
- One and half cup (Ten and half ounces) finely chopped raisins
- One and half cup freshly grated coconut
- Half cup bourbon
- One and half teaspoons pure vanilla extract
- One- Fourth teaspoon salt
1. Preheat the oven to 325°.
2. Apply butter and flour to three 9-inch round cake pans that have their bottoms lined with parchment paper.
3. Sort the flour with a sieve and mix it with cream of tartar, baking soda and salt in a mid sized bowl. In a small bowl, mix milk and vanilla. Beat the butter first without, then with sugar until fluffy. Start adding dry ingredients and the milk slowly in batches, around 2-3.
4. Now use different beaters or clean the current ones to beat the egg whites till they form soft peaks. Pour and mix one-third of the egg white into the beaten cake to soften it. Next fold in the remaining egg white, using a rubber spatula so that no white streaks remain.
5. Pour the batter into the cake pans. Cover the pans lightly. Bake the cakes for approximately 30 minutes on the middle and lower racks of the oven. After 30 minutes, remove it from oven and leave it to cool on wire racks for 5-10 minutes. Empty the cakes onto the racks. Ensure to remove parchment paper and cool completely before frosting.
6. Take a large saucepan and stir the combination of egg yolks and sugar until smooth. Now, add melted butter to it and cook at moderate heat, continue to stir till it becomes a thick paste. Pour in the pecans, raisins and coconut and cook for about a minute. Now, add bourbon, vanilla and salt and leave it till lukewarm.
7. Place first layer (keeping right side up) of cake on a serving plate, and spread it with one and quarter cups of the filling. Now place the second cake layer and another one and quarter cups of filling. Carefully apply the last cake layer and frost the cake with remaining filling.
Refrigerate the cake in a tightly covered container for up to one week.
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Himes pushes for Darwin Day for evolutionary pioneer
Published 3:57 pm, Saturday, February 8, 2014
No, natural selection is not a synonym for what happens at the ballot box -- not in this part of the country, at least.
But if U.S. Rep. Jim Himes, D-Conn., is to win a fourth term this fall in the 4th District, he will have done so hitching his political wagon to the much-debated evolutionary teachings of Charles Darwin.
A Harvard-educated Rhodes scholar, Himes is one of three co-sponsors of a bill in the House that would designate Feb. 12 -- a birth date shared by Darwin and Abraham Lincoln -- as Darwin Day to recognize the scientific contributions of the late naturalist and geologist from England.
Evolution is the idea that there is a biological link between living beings, most notably humans and apes, which adapt over time to their surroundings for survival.
Somewhat unusual for a mid-term election year political cause -- one that Himes acknowledged has "zero" chance of passing through the GOP-controlled House -- the measure has rankled some of those who subscribe the tenets of creationism, even in moderate Fairfield County.
"There is a realm for science and facts and there is a realm for faith and those are separate realms," Himes told Hearst Connecticut Newspapers. "I will be on the side of science."
Himes said pioneers such as Darwin need to be celebrated, not silenced as so often has happened throughout the course of history. He drew an analogy between Darwin's theory of evolution and the break-throughs of Galileo, the Italian physicist and astronomer who was a central figure during the scientific revolution.
"Since Galileo's day, science and analysis has been met with suspicion and, in Galileo's case, with the Inquisition," Himes said. "That's true today. There are people who actively deny evolution. There are people who actively deny climate change."
Himes' support of a Darwin Day initiative with fellow Democrats Rush Holt of New Jersey and Mike Honda of California has drawn the scorn of Bob MacGuffie, a tea party organizer from Fairfield and frequent critic of the congressman.
"Both the text of the bill and its press material make plain the bill is a stick in the eye of his constituents who believe God imbued us with an eternal soul," MacGuffie wrote in a recent letter to the editor of Hearst Connecticut Newspapers.
MacGuffie is co-founder of Right Principles, a tea party-affiliated political action committee based in Fairfield.
"Since his comfortable win in the last election, Mr. Himes is showing his true colors exposing himself as a rigid statist, trying to codify into law his ideological beliefs," MacGuffie wrote. "For those who think this is too strong an indictment, consider that this bill sponsorship shows he is willing to denigrate and treat as dangerous those who hold beliefs and views merely different from his."
Himes disputed MacGuffie's characterization, saying that he is an elder at First Presbyterian Church in his hometown of Greenwich.
"I consider myself a religious person," Himes said. "I completely respect people's right to believe what it is they wish to believe."
"A lot of credit deservedly needs to go to Darwin, who really changed the way we view the natural world," Turner said. "It can conflict, not always, with people's religious beliefs about the place of humans in the world and how special we are."
Turner contends that harmony is attainable between the science of evolution and a person's faith.
"Evolutionary biology is not out to get religion," Turner said. "It's almost as if Darwin takes a lot of the blame for being the messenger. The evidence for evolution is undeniably solid. People can believe that gravity doesn't work, too, but if they jump off of a building they'll fall to their deaths."
Himes said there is a danger to being so close-minded about evolution.
"How is a young Texan going to compete with a South Korean if they believe creationism is on par with evolution?" Himes said.
So despite the long odds the bill faces, Himes said the principle is worth supporting.
"I think it's important to constantly be on the right side of history," Himes said. "You would rather be Galileo than the Inquisition."
firstname.lastname@example.org; 203-625-4436; http://twitter.com/gettinviggy
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To promote his latest annual letter, Bill Gates, co-chair of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation—and, of course, founder of Microsoft—answered questions today in a reddit Ask Me Anything interview.
The most important topics Gates discussed were related to the Foundation's work. Gates believes that, in spite of the efforts of the anti-vax crowd, the eradication of polio is less than six years away. After polio, the focus will be measles and malaria.
Gates also stressed the importance of investment into the development of energy sources that don't produce carbon dioxide.
However, technology questions were, of course, inevitable. Luckily Gates was happy to answer them. When asked "Windows 7 or Windows 8?" the response was simple: "Higher is better." He thinks Windows 8 is a "huge advance," though he suggested it will only really shine when hardware and apps that take advantage of it come out.
His biggest technology disappointment? The failure in bringing WinFS to market. WinFS was to be a database-like storage layer for Windows that would provide synchronization and structured storage in a system-wide, application independent way. The WinFS project was originally to be part of Windows "Longhorn" before being scrapped as part of the reset that ultimately produced Windows Vista.
Gates hasn't given up on that particular dream, however. He argued WinFS-like technology would be a feature of future software, with structured cloud storage to store your data and partial replicas of that data on local devices.
He still programs from time to time—C, C#, and "some Basic"—though says he doesn't get to do it as much as he would like. Gates also expressed surprise that programming languages fundamentally haven't made programming any simpler, adding "It would be great if most high school kids were exposed to programming...."
The Microsoft chairman also entertained reddit's more trivial side. What do you give the man who has (or at least, can afford) everything? Books. What cheap thing still gives him pleasure? Cheeseburgers and kids. Kids aren't traditionally thought of as cheap, but Gates purports to prefer the old-fashioned method of stork delivery, and this apparently keeps the cost down.
Concluding the chat, the billionaire philanthropist asked for a little help from reddit—he asked for them to assist in his quest to remove a certain picture from the Internet....
Listing image by The Internet.
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Politicians from both Houses of Parliament were in attendance to hear Sir Patrick give a personal perspective and his fellow speakers give a factual overview of their experience of Oregon and Belgium where assisted dying has been legalised.
Veteran US campaigner Barbara Coombs Lee spoke about the practical results of the Death With Dignity Act in Oregon which has empowered patients – giving them greater choice and the reassurance that they can take control if they need to. Professor Jan Bernheim explained that the Belgian experience showed “after years of intense study there is no evidence of the slippery slope”.
The room was full to capacity and the mood of the audience was palpable – everyone was thinking the same thing: “what can we do?” When the audience started asking questions it was clear that this was a room ready to take action.
Chair of the All Party Group, Penny Mordaunt MP, recognised the need for more urgent action, noting that the issue had been “in Parliament’s ‘too tough’ in-tray for too long”. One of the MPs present, visibly moved, was inspired to pledge greater support for a change in the law. Combined, the emotional story of a preventable tragedy and the factual accounts of systems that work so much better than ours had given the room a new determination to challenge the status quo and think about how we can help people like Sir Patrick’s friend’s wife, who clearly need it so much.
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THDL Toolbox > Places & Geography > THDL Gazetteer > Gazetteer DTD Decoded For Dummies > Geogname Element
<!ELEMENT geogname (#PCDATA) > <!ATTLIST geogname >
geogname = The <geogname> element is a container for the actual name of the feature. Feature class should not be included as part of the <geogname> in the case of administrative features, e.g. Chamdo, not Chamdo Prefecture. Other features may need to retain the feature class part of their name, e.g. Green Lake, Mt. Saint Helens. There are however cases where the administrative feature is part of the name, in particular the 1 syllable counties in TAR like "Ma Township", in which case the style sheet would have to suppress the double-appending of the word 'Township'.
There must be one <geogname> for each <fname>.
geogname is a container element, that is, it only contains content within itself and take no attributes, for example:
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Construction engineers manage and direct construction operations. They analyze the labor, materials, and equipment for each job to determine the proper quantity of each and ensure availability at the appropriate time and place.
Civil engineers are often responsible for specifying, designing and manufacturing the materials with which they build their structures. Studies in construction materials are intended to make structural, transportation and foundation engineers aware of the fundamental properties of the materials they use.
Energy-Water-Environment Sustainability (interdisciplinary program)
The program in Energy-Water-Environment Sustainability (EWES) is a cross-cutting program focused on providing and supporting sustainable solutions for the exploration, production, delivery and use of energy, and their intersection with water and the natural and built environment. The program focuses on integrating scientific principles, engineered processes, and systems analyses to address diverse challenges related to society's growing energy needs and their nexus with water and the environment.
Environmental engineers help solve problems of air, land and water contamination. They design, construct and operate systems that purify water for drinking, industrial use and recreation. They develop and implement air-purification devices and protocols for solid and hazardous waste management.
Hydrologic and hydraulic engineers help solve complex water challenges, including providing society with safe and reliable water supplies, managing impacts of floods and drought, and enhancing environmental quality. They plan, design, manage and operate surface water and groundwater systems that are sustainable and adaptable to changing climate and human activity.
Geotechnical engineers use soil, rock and geosynthetics as engineering materials. They design earth- and rock-filled dams, tunnels, landfills and foundations for structures of all types.
Societal Risk Management (interdisciplinary program)
The Societal Risk Management (SRM) program is a cross-disciplinary program that focuses on the development of a secure and safe society. The program concentrates on risk determination, risk evaluation and risk management for natural and human-made hazards, and disaster response and recovery.
Structural engineers design economical structures that resist forces induced by wind, earthquakes, blasts and heavy traffic. The tools of the structural engineer include physical testing, mathematical modeling and computer simulation.
Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure Systems (interdisciplinary program)
The interdisciplinary program Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure Systems (SRIS) addresses emerging approaches to infrastructure systems focusing on resiliency and sustainability of inter-connected infrastructure, for example, structural, geotechnical, and water interactions in urban environments. The program aims to prepare new generations of civil engineers who are ready to address pressing societal issues while developing needed infrastructure.
Transportation engineers design, build, operate and maintain all types of facilities for railroads, automobiles, airplanes and ships. They deal with such problems as moving millions of people in and out of cities at rush hour and moving carloads of wheat from the fields of Kansas to the port of New Orleans.
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Hotels in La Ferté-sous-Jouarre
La Ferté-sous-Jouarre Hotels
La Ferté-sous-Jouarre is located in the northeast part of France in the Seine et Marne region. This town has much historical significance in WWI, as the Germans ransacked the town. There is a memorial here to the more than 3000 British soldiers who died here and fell into the sea while fighting the Germans. The memorial is quite impressive and certainly worth a visit while you’re staying in the region.La Ferté-sous-Jouarre is just 68 km east of Paris, so you can certainly take a day trip to Paris while making La Ferté-sous-Jouarre your home base. There are just a few hotels in La Ferté-sous-Jouarre, but EasyToBook.com can help you find the one that’s perfect for you. A stay in La Ferté-sous-Jouarre will give you a great sense of history and allow you to relax in the quiet French countryside while enjoying all the wonderful food and wine that makes France so famous.
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The eastern wing of Pakistan, much smaller in size than the western wing, was densely populated and extremely poor. It was just over 15% the size of the western wing (Bangladesh's total area is 143,998 sq km, whilst Pakistan is 796,095 sq km) but had more people. And though Dhaka remained a prominent city, the government headquarters and the capital of the country (Karachi in 1947) were also in West Pakistan.
Thanks to this location of the bulk of political power and privilege in West Pakistan - its central bureaucracy was composed of 80% Pakistanis from other provinces mostly from Punjab - the Bengalis of East Pakistan faced systematic discrimination in every area of government employment.
The rulers from West Pakistan did not want to share power with the Bengalis and all the higher posts were invariably occupied by West Pakistanis, chiefly Punjabis who held a dominant share in the senior military and civilian jobs in 1947.
The leaders of the Muslims League thought that we (Bengalis) were a subject race and they belonged to the race of conquerors.
Ataur Rehman, a Bengali leader and Member of Constituent Assembly (MCA) declared in the assembly
The national budgets showed great disparities in terms of resource allocation and sector wise expenditure between East Pakistan and other provinces of Pakistan. Most foreign investment was directed into West Pakistan, and the largest share of international assistance was disbursed there.
In 1969-1970, East Pakistan, with a population of 75 million had 7,600 physicians, while West Pakistan with a population of 55 million had 12,400. Even in the educational sector, the number of colleges in West Pakistan grew from 40 to 271 between 1947 and 1969, whilst in East Pakistan this grew from 42 to 162.
Matters were no better in the elite Civil Service of Pakistan where, in 1948, only 11% were composed of Bengali officers. And this discrimination remained even until 1970 when the Bengalis only made up 16% of the civil service.
Their share in private business was also disproportionate – Bengali Muslims owned no more than 3.5% of the assets of all private Muslim firms.
Just before the 1965 war with India, East Pakistani men composed 6% of the army, 15% of the navy, and 16% of the air force. This was in large part due to the fact that the East Pakistanis were not considered to be a "martial race" – a British colonial notion where the Bengalis, seen as puny and 'naturally' rebellious intellectuals, were considered the black sheep of the Pakistani army.
East Bengalis who constitute the bulk of the population, probably belong to the very original Indian races. It would be no exaggeration to say that up to the creation of Pakistan, they had not known any real freedom or sovereignty. They have been ruled either by caste Hindus, Moghuls, Pathans, or the British. In addition, they have been and are under considerable Hindu cultural and linguistic influence. As such they have all the inhibitions of downtrodden races and have not yet found it possible to adjust psychologically to the requirements of new-born freedom.
Self-styled Field Marshall Mohammed Ayub Khan exemplifying the typical belief and contempt of the West Pakistani elite towards their Bengali-speaking Muslim brethren
The main effect of the language question was to exaggerate this growing sense of alienation in East Pakistan.
The main reason for opposition to Urdu was, however, not merely linguistic or even cultural. It was because Urdu was the symbol of the central rule of the Punjabi ruling elite that it was opposed in the provinces.
One explanation is that the Bengali salariat – people who draw salaries from the state (or other employers) and who aspire for jobs – would have been at a great disadvantage if Urdu, rather than Bengali, had been used in the lower domains of power (administration, judiciary, education, media, military etc). However, as English was the language of the higher domains of power and Bengali was a 'provincial' language, the real issue was not linguistic. It was that the Bengali salariat was deprived of its just share in power at the centre and even in East Bengal where the most powerful and lucrative jobs were controlled by the West Pakistani bureaucracy and the military.
Moreover, the Bengalis were conscious that money from the Eastern wing, from the export of jute and other products, was predominantly financing the development of West Pakistan or the army which, in turn, was West Pakistani- (or, rather, Punjabi-) dominated. The language, Bengali, was a symbol of a consolidated Bengali identity in opposition to the West Pakistani identity.
Dr. Tariq Rahman, Professor at Quaid-i-Azam University
Roots of language controversy can be traced as far back as mid-19th century when Urdu was promoted as the language (lingua franca or working language) by political and religious leaders of Indian Muslims, especially by non-Bengali leaders for All-India Muslim League (AIML), popularly referred to as just Muslim League. The Uttar Pradesh-based Urdu-speaking stalwarts of the Muslim League had begun mobilizing their support and resources in favor of establishing Urdu as the lingua franca of Pakistan.
The Central Parliamentary Board of Muslim League prepared a 14-points Manifesto in June 1936 for the "protection and promotion of Urdu language and script". Another 25-points program was also designed for "setting out the special needs of Bengal" in 1936 by the same board. The board did not feel any need of adopting the Bengali language and script as Urdu-speaking leaders and their Bengali collaborators of Bengal Provincial Muslim League (BPML) supported the idea that "Urdu should be the official language of Bengali Muslims" as advocated in the 3 October 1937 Lucknow session of the Muslim League.
On this momentous occassion Muhammad Ali Jinnah, who was bestowed with the title of "Quaid-i-Azam" (Great Leader) for the first time at this session, propagated unity amongst the Indian Muslims whilst warning they’d be subjected to tyranny and hardship.
To the Muslims of India in every province, in every district, in every tehsil, in every town, I say: your foremost duty is to formulate a constructive and ameliorative program of work for the people's welfare, and to devise ways and means for the social, economic and political uplift of the Muslims…Organize yourselves, establish your solidarity and complete unity. Equip yourselves as trained and disciplined soldiers. Create the feeling of an esprit de corps, and the cause of your people and your country.
No individual or people can achieve anything without industry, suffering and sacrifice.
There are forces that may bully you, tyrannize over you and intimidate you, and you may even have to suffer. But it is going through this crucible of the fire of persecution which may be levelled against you, the tyranny that may be exercised, the threats and intimidations that may unnerve you - it is by resisting, by overcoming, by facing these disadvantages, hardships and suffering, and maintaining your true glory and history, and will live to make its future history greater and glorious not only in India, but in the annals of the world.
Muhammad Ali Jinnah tells Indian Muslims to be strong and united
Ironically, few decades later it would be the Muslims and Hindus of East (Purbo in Bengali) Pakistan who would embody the qualities that he is advising here against West (Poschim) Pakistan during Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971.
Nevertheless, many Bengalis started to voice their support for the Bangla language more publicly.
The debate over the position and use of Bangla, the mother tongue of the people of Bengal, particularly of the Muslims, traces as far back as 17th century.
Muslim poet Abdul Hakim was the first litterateur to condemn in writing those Bengalis who looked down upon their own language. In his famous work "Nurnama" (Story of Light) - a depiction of the life of prophet Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him) in lyrical Bengali, and considered as an important step in creating a Bengali Muslim identity - he wrote the poem "Bangobani" where he expressed his profound love for Bangla. In the poem, he criticised the Bangla detractors saying such people had no identity ('I cannot tell who gave birth to them') and urged them to change their attitude or to leave Bengal for good ('if one is not happy with his own language why doesn't he leave Bengal and go somewhere else'). Abdul Hakim's great patriotism fuelled him to promote Bangla at a time (medieval ages) when Persian and Arabic tended to be court languages all over South Asia and perceived by some as the literary language of choice.
"Bangobani" by Abdul Hakim
In 1918, Khan Bahadur Ahsanullah, an influential educationist and social reformer, expressed similar views to Abdul Hakim. In one of his writings, "Bangabhasha o Musalman Shahitya" (Bengali Language and Muslim Literature), he advocated the need to respect Bangla and recognise it over other languages such as Urdu.
Social welfare should ideally be the aim of literature...
A nation which does not have its own literature does not have self-esteem. The development of such a nation will always be a forlorn prospect. If one is to introduce oneself as a true Muslim and an equal to the rest of the world, then one has to uphold one's mother tongue with a nationalistic fervour. For restoring the very existence of the nation, the development of the Bengali language is a must.
Around the same time as Khan Bahadur Ahsanullah other social activists such as the Muslim feminist Roquia Sakhawat Hussain (aka Begum Rokeya) were choosing to write in Bengali to reach out to the people and develop it as a modern literary language. On 28 February 1927 - twenty five years before Ekushey February - two papers were presented on the second day of the two-day First Annual Literary Conference of the Muslim Sahitya Samaj (Muslim Literary Society) held in Dhaka. The papers discussed the role of Bangla in a Muslim society, specially in relation to education. Kazi Nazrul Islam inaugurated the Conference. Abul Hussain, the secretary and one of the founders of the Sahitya Samaj, wrote that the mother language barrier had been the major obstacle to the social development of the Muslim community in Bengal.
The new language controversy of Pakistan started even before the creation of Pakistan.
In 1946, Abul Hashim, General Secretary of Bengal Provincial Muslim League (BPML), had proposed in his party's election manifesto that Bangla be the state language of Bengal. He remained active during the Bengali Language Movement and days after Ekushey February tragedy he was arrested and jailed. He was to remain a prisoner of the Pakistan state for sixteen months.
By the early 1940s, Abul Hashim emerged as a politician of a different kind with his preachings of Islamic socialism on the one hand, and his ardent belief in the principle of self-determination of every nation in India, on the other. He was often believed to be a communist, which he was not, in the Marxist sense of the term. It seemed that he was a separatist and a supporter of Jinnah’s “two-nation” theory but, in fact, he believed in the right to self- determination of every nation. According to him, India was a multi-national geographical entity where people of different religions, castes, races and languages lived side by side. Hashim was the exponent of the idea of the “multi-nation” in India and believed in nationalism, regionalism, lingualism and socialism. His political moves for the United Independent Bengal in 1946-1947, with Sarat Chandra Bose and others clearly exposed him as a secular and democratic leader.
Rana Razzaque, author
When the independence of India became imminent, Chowdhury Khaliquzzaman, a Muslim Leaguer, declared at an Urdu Conference held in Hyderabad on 17 May 1947 that the national language of Pakistan would be Urdu. This view was supported by Dr. Ziauddin Ahmed, a former Vice Chancellor of Aligarh University of India, who stipulated on 14 July 1947 since Hindi was going to be the state language of India, Pakistan should adopt Urdu as her state language. Dr. Muhammad Shahidullah, a renowned Muslim linguistic researcher and a respected Bengali scholar from Dhaka University, challenged his suggestion. He rejected this discriminatory proposal which he believed was "tantamount to political slavery".
Bengali being the mother tongue of 55% of the total population of Pakistan deserves to be the state language of new nation. Once Bengali is being adopted as State language, we may then deliberately focus on the question whether or not Urdu can also be afforded the status of one of the State languages of Pakistan.
Dr. Muhammad Shahidullah in an article titled "Pakistaner Bhasha Shamashya" (The Language Problem in Pakistan) in Daily Azad newspaper, Kolkata, on 29 July 1947
A month before Dr. Shahidullah, award-wining essayist (and later Director of Bangla Academy) Abdul Haque had written an article entitled "Bangla Bhasha Bishoyok Prostab/Bhasa Bisayak Prastab" which initiated the debate on the role of Bangla in the soon-to-be Pakistan. Published in two installments in the Kolkata daily "Ittehad" on 22 and 29 June 1947, the article argued for Bangla as Pakistan's state language. Abdul Haque had written many more essays on Bangla language and Bengali nationalism during the 1948-1952 Language Movement. These included 'Pakistaner Rastrabhasa' (1947), 'Urdu Rastra Bhasa Hale' (1947), and 'Arbi Harafe Bangla' (1949). In 1966, he wrote two essays 'Muslim Jatiyatabad: Punaniriksa' and 'Yuddha O Sampradayikata' which were published in the monthly Samakal under the pseudonym of Abul Ahsan. The Government of Pakistan confiscated the issues of Samakal for publishing these two essays.
Like Abdul Haque, Dr. Shahidullah continued his efforts for protecting his mother tongue after independence and his principle stand on this issue added much confidence and legitimacy to language movement in both 1948 and 1952 phases. As the President of the East Pakistan Arabic Association, he also campaigned for Arabic as one of the national language but never favoured for writing Bengali in Arabic script. He opposed the plan of central government for Arabization of Bengali script and called it an external aggression against Bengali language and culture.
In July 1947 the Gono Azadi League (People's Freedom League), or GAL for short, was formed by a small group of workers including some discontented Muslim Leaguers for mobilizing public support to make Bengali as one of the state languages of new country. It was formed in Dhaka, capital city of the province of East Pakistan, under the leadership of Kamruddin Ahmed, a well-known Bengali leader. He was one of the pioneers of the first phase of the Bengali language movement of 1948.
Bangla will be our State language. All necessary steps need to be taken immediately for making Bangla language suitable for all parts of Pakistan. Bangla shall be the only official language of East Pakistan.
Kamruddin Ahmed, Gono Azadi League (GAL) leader
Though the group was small in size yet it aroused the sentiments of progressive workers who played important role in the coming years for political development in East Pakistan. However, GAL could not become a political organization because government restricted its activities. In 1950, this organization was renamed as Civil Liberties League.
At the same time as the creation of GAL, the Gonotantric Jubo League (Democratic Youth League) was established at Dhaka by students, political workers and non-communal and secular elements of the society. One of its primary task was to highlight to the government the distinctive features of languages, literatures and cultures of various regions of Pakistan. It decided to call a conference for 6th and 7th September 1947 to forge unity among the various pro-Bengali forces to build up resistance against the imposition of Urdu and decide on future course of actions. A draft manifest was adopted a month earlier on 5 August 1947. However, no single newspaper reported the September conferences due to the intervention of government agencies.
Government made sporadic attacks on organization along with repressive measures against its members in the name of eradication of "communism", but the dedicated workers of the Gonotantric Jubo Leauge remained as vanguards in both phases of 1948 and 1952 of Bengali language movement. In spite of initial enthusiasm, the organization did not make much headway and became practically defunct.
The Bengali 'salariat' – people who draw salaries from the state (or other employers) and who aspire for jobs – would have been at a great disadvantage if Urdu, rather than Bengali, had been used in the lower domains of power (administration, judiciary, education, media, military etc). However, as English was the language of the higher domains of power and Bengali was a 'provincial' language, the real issue was not linguistic. It was that the Bengali salariat was deprived of its just share in power at the centre and even in East Bengal where the most powerful and lucrative jobs were controlled by the West Pakistani bureaucracy and the military.
Moreover, the Bengalis were conscious that money from the Eastern wing, from the export of jute and other products, was predominantly financing the development of West Pakistan or the army which, in turn, was West Pakistani - (or, rather, Punjabi-) dominated. The language, Bengali, was a symbol of a consolidated Bengali identity in opposition to the West Pakistani identity. This symbol was used to 'imagine', or construct, a unified Bengali community, as communities, such as nations, were constructed through print language and other unifying devices in Europe.
Dr. Tariq Rahman, Professor at Quaid-i-Azam University
On 15 August 1947 India was partitioned and Pakistan was born. Two weeks later a Bengali cultural organisation was formed made up of scholars, writers and journalists with an Islamic approach.
Tamaddun Majlish (Cultural Association) was organized by professors and students of Dhaka University under the leadership of Professor Abul Kashem, a young Physics professor from Dhaka University, on 1 September 1947. Abul Kashem was the first person to convene a literary meeting to discuss the issue of national language. In the coming days, many other non-communal and liberal organizations supported this issue which finally turned into a mass movement.
Meanwhile, provocative speeches and statements of Pakistan's Minister of Education Fazlur Rahman, for adopting Urdu as the only state language, forced Majlish to make serious preparation for countering him on various forums. Sainik, the weekly organ of the Tamaddun Majlis, Muslim League’s President Akram Khan’s daily paper Azad and many other newspapers came out to support Bengali in spite of central government’s opposition. The only opposing newspaper was the Daily Morning News.
On 15 September 1947, a mere month after Partition and Independence, Tamuddun Majlish issued a pamphlet in Dhaka entitled "Pakistaner Rashtra Bhasha: Bangla Na Urdu?" (Pakistan's national Language: Bangla or Urdu?). The authors of this historic booklet, Dr. Qazi Motahar Hossain, Abul Mansur Ahmed and Professor Abul Kasem made a strong case advocating that Bengali had all the qualities to become the language of instruction in education, offices and courts of East Bengal, as well as the language of central government.
Those who ran the country failed to appreciate the significance of this claim.
The proposals were the manifestation of the aspirations of the Bengali-speaking people of Pakistan. Unfortunately, the Central Government of Pakistan failed ot appreciate the depth of feelings of the majority community of Pakistan and to allot the rightful place for the Bengali language in state affairs.
Rafiqul Islam's contribution on "Language and Civilization Change in South Asia" (1978)
Londoni © 2014
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The website: "surveydownline.com," which claims that they will pay you to take surveys, should not be trusted. The website should not be trusted because they do not provide a secure connection on their registration pages or other sensitive pages, which is used to secure information like your email address, password and other personal information, when it is sent from your computer to their website.
Please continue reading below.
A secure website starts with "https", instead of the standard unsecured "http".
Every legitimate website that deals with personal or financial information must have a secure connection (https://) that is used to protect its users information when it is transmitted over the internet.
Remember, always research a website before registering with it. There are many bogus websites that are tricking people into working for free. These websites usually ask their victims to do surveys or other tasks, and when they have earned a certain amount of money and are ready to cash-out, they are either kicked out or shown a message claiming that their payments are currently processing, which never goes away.
Remember to leave your question or comment, and read the ones made by others below. And, please report malicious, phishing or scam email messages, social media posts and websites to us. You may click here to contact us, or forward the email messages to: firstname.lastname@example.org .
Submit your comment or question in the box below to share what you know or to get answers about this article.
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OBJECTIVES: To examine changes in maternal-child health surrounding the April 2015 civil unrest in Baltimore, Maryland, following Freddie Gray's death while in police custody.
METHODS: We conducted cross-sectional Children's HealthWatch surveys January 2014 through December 2015 in pediatric emergency departments and primary care clinics on maternal-child health and June 2015 through October 2015 on daily and community routines. We used trend analysis and piecewise logistic regression to examine effects of time, residential proximity moderation, and mediation analysis to assess proximity and maternal-child health relations via maternal concerns.
RESULTS: Participants comprised 1095 mothers, 93% of whom were African American and 100% of whom had public or no insurance; 73% of participants' children were younger than 24 months. Following the unrest, prevalence of maternal depressive symptoms increased significantly in proximal, but not distal, neighborhoods (b = 0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.03, 0.79; P = .03). Maternal concerns were elevated in proximal neighborhoods and associated with depressive symptoms; mediation through maternal concern was not significant. Five months after the unrest, depressive symptoms returned to previous levels.
CONCLUSIONS: Civil unrest has an acute effect on maternal depressive symptoms in neighborhoods proximal to unrest. Public Health Implications. To mitigate depressive symptoms associated with civil unrest, maintain stability of community routines, screen for maternal depressive symptoms, and provide parent-child nurturing programs. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print July 20, 2017: e1-e8. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303876).
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The right side of jersey knit fabric is smooth with a slight single rib knit, while the backside of jersey is piled with loops. The fabric is usually light-to-medium weight and is used for a variety of clothing and household items.
Is knit or woven smoother?
Woven Fabrics are more durable and less likely to lose their color. This is because they come in less contact with cleaning agents such as bleach and detergent. like clothing. Knitted fabrics have a softer feel but can be less durable in the long run.
Are knit fabrics comfortable?
Knits are comfortable fabrics, as they adapt to body movement. The loop structure contributes to elasticity beyond what is capable of the yarns or fibers alone. A knit fabric is prone to snagging, and has a higher potential shrinkage than a woven fabric.
What knit fabric feels like?
Most knit fabrics are soft to the touch. If it’s a tight-knit fabric, it will feel smooth; if it’s a looser-knit fabric, it will feel bumpy or ridged due to the ribbing. Easy to maintain. Knit fabric doesn’t require a lot of special care like hand-washing and can easily handle machine-washing.
Is knit fabric flexible?
Knitted fabric is a textile that results from knitting, the process of inter-looping of yarns or inter-meshing of loops. Its properties are distinct from woven fabric in that it is more flexible and can be more readily constructed into smaller pieces, making it ideal for socks and hats.
Is knit fabric cotton?
Knits come in the same variety of fiber contents as woven: 100% cotton, 100% polyester, cotton/polyester blends, cotton/spandex blends, wool, nylon, rayon, etc. … If the pattern calls for knits, there is very little chance you’d be able to substitute a woven, even a woven with some stretch.
Is knit fabric warm?
Knitted fabrics are generally warmer and more comfortable than woven fabrics, which is why they are worn closer to the body. Moreover, knitted fabrics are often made from wool, which stays warm even when wet; wool is preferred since it is more elastic than most fibers and produces more even, beautiful knits.
Is knit fabric good for summer?
This soft, fluffy and lightweight fabric is perfect for the summers and can help you keep cool. Moreover, cotton knits are fashioned in the manner that there are airy loops which allow proper air circulation and make the heat bearable.
What are the advantages of knitting?
What are the advantages of knitting?
- Stress relieving. In a stressful life, we all must accustom ourselves to one or many stress relieving activities. …
- Makes us feel productive. …
- Improves memory and concentration. …
- Reduces anxiety. …
- Knitting is not expensive. …
- Knitting is simple. …
- Anybody can knit. …
- Knitting builds relationships.
Is cotton knit warm?
Cotton is an inviting material for sweaters. Cotton pullovers, zip-front hoodies, chunky knits, or fine-weave tunics: a cotton sweater delivers a certain amount of warmth and incredible softness. Lightly woven and open-knit cotton sweaters are also great for spring and summer.
Is cotton knit stretchy?
Jersey is a single-knit cotton fabric that’s known for its stretch and softness. Because of how jersey is knit, there is a natural elasticity without using stretch fibers like elastane.
Is cotton knit soft?
Cotton Jersey Knit Fabrics
These are either made of cotton fibers or cotton blends. They’re usually very soft to touch and can be a little bit heavyweight.
What does knit feel like?
Hacci sweater knit feels very soft, like sweater material, but it’s generally a little lighter in weight than most sweaters you’d buy at the store (and it’s not like a cable knit, or a sweater someone would actually knit for you). It’s soft and stretchy and sews up just like normal knits.
Is knitting or crocheting easier?
Once you’ve learned the basics, many people find crocheting easier than knitting because you don’t have to move the stitches back and forth between needles. Crocheting is less likely to unravel by mistake than knitting is. This is a major benefit of crocheting when first learning how to crochet vs knit.
Why are knitted fabrics warmer?
On top of that, wool hair fibres act as an insulator to trap the air inside the cloth, which helps stabilise your body temperature. Since air conducts heat, this means the warmth you might generate through exercise or general movement also gets trapped by wool, which keeps you even warmer.
Is Silk a woven or knit fabric?
How Is Silk Made? … The raw silk is woven or knit into a fabric or spun into a yarn.
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