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Which Industries Use Forgings?
Thanks to possessing a wide-range of benefits, forged parts are one of the most popular metal components in the world. As a result, countless industries rely on these parts. Which industries use forgings? Keep reading to learn about the 5 most common industries that use forged parts! 5 Common Industries That Use Forgings 1) Automotive Industry The automotive industry has greatly benefited from the forging process, specifically either hot or cold forging, thanks to their high-demand for complex shapes. Some specific forging parts used by the automotive industry include: engine parts, steering parts,... Read More About This
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The nation needs a government backed investment bank to secure capital at reasonable interest rates for development of advanced nuclear reactors.
This blog post describes the kinds of mechanisms that could be developed to provide the capital and financing sources that are the missing links in the chain of events that need to be completed for nuclear start-ups to get the one thing they need most – customers.
There is a whole ecosystem of nuclear startups that believe they can build a better reactor, and faster than ever before. Designers of advanced nuclear reactors seek to bridge the gap between concept and prototype. While it is too early for investors and potential customers to easily pick winners from an increasingly crowded field of advanced reactor projects, new patterns of investment, including public/private partnerships, are creating opportunities for entrepreneurial developers.
Despite the excitement and enthusiasm associated with the work of nuclear energy start-up entrepreneurs, and a few risk taking venture capital investors, the prospects for them getting to market are dim without stable sources of loans and equity financing once these projects attain enough maturity to warrant it. (See also Third Way “Advanced Nuclear 101“)
Long Walk, Short Pier
I have come to the conclusion that all the so-called “happy talk” and congressional testimony about advanced reactors isn’t driving money into the hands of startups. Also, I am convinced that unless they have investors with lots of patience and very deep pockets, like TerraPower’s deal with China, that the most “product” some of them will ever develop, after long development time lines, are paper designs and maybe some intellectual property that can be sold to cash out the VC or angel Series A investors.
This is an unacceptable outcome to their investors and to the technologists who are committed to bringing their visions of a new generation of nuclear technologies to physical form.
New Kinds of Partnerships
The focus of a nuclear investment bank, in this view of it, is on firms that have passed through their initial conceptual development work and and have real prospects for producing a feasible design. Also, they need to have established viable partnerships, as startups, with much larger partners/potential customers, to take their work to the next stage. The example that comes to mind is X-Energy’s relationship with Southern Nuclear.
In January of this year my blog predicted that utilities, as customers of innovative developers, will not be content to wait 20 years for DOE national laboratories to kick R&D projects out of their sandboxes.
I wrote that the business paradigm of time to market for useful innovations will produce a demand factor that will drive utilities to try to get early, hands-on, looks at innovative reactor designs.
Four months later Southern Corp. and X-Energy proved the principle by inking a deal to collaborate on the development of advanced nuclear reactor technologies. Neither Southern nor X-Energy explained in their press statements where their R&D work intersects.
The technological link between the two projects is Triso fuel. Some GEN IV designs of very high temperature molten salt reactors specify the use of it. The pebble bed design depends entirely on Triso fuel.
Similar partnerships are possible with many other types of nuclear reactor technologies and fuels. For instance, in 2011 a group of nuclear engineers reviewed the design of the Integral Fast Reactor and concluded that there were no technical barriers to developing an NRC licensing application for it.
However, not every utility is as bullish on nuclear start-ups as Southern. In fact, many are adverse in varying degrees to the idea of this kind of partnership due to their mixed portfolios of nuclear, coal, gas, and renewable energy generation technologies all competing for capital investment dollars.
Stockholders seeking maximum return on investment, in markets that values quarterly earnings reports, appear to have little patience for the time it takes to bring a new reactor design to market. The exception, so far, besides Southern, is UAMPS with its commitment to NuScale’s SMR now targeting an NRC license submission by the end of this year.
Even TVA is cautious having backed away from a ground breaking relationship with B&W to design and license a 180 MW SMR. Instead, the quasi-government utility has opted for a technology agnostic Early Site Permit that has a shelf life of up to two decades.
The Federal Government’s Potential Role at a Nuclear Banker
The “bank” would have multiple roles. As a quasi-government corporation, it would raise funds by selling government bonds against a debt ceiling authorized by Congress. This financial arrangement would buffer the bank from the volatility of the annual appropriation cycle.
Here’s a short list of possible investment vehicles. The list is expressed in general terms. Financial experts would need to work out the details.
- Series A funding for start ups perhaps in partnership with VC firms. The money would be repaid once more significant resources are found producing the possibility of a revolving fund of $1-5M investments for start-ups.
- Cost sharing grants (50/50) for technical design and development of license applications.
- Investments in permanent test facilities, with flexible infrastructure and configurations, to be used on a cost-reimbursement / grant basis by nuclear start ups to prove the viability of fuels, materials, and components.
- SBA type loans and/or grants to suppliers of nuclear parts, components, and systems to obtain NQA-1 certification for them to be used in advanced reactors
- Sale of bonds to generate funds for significant equity investments in maturing firms
- Loan guarantee like the ones granted to Southern for Vogtle
- Finally, DOE needs to do a much better job at due diligence to avoid another Solyndra type scandal which appears to have been driven in part by political deals cut at the White House.
DOE Progress Shows Promise
DOE is to be commended for having taken several important steps in promoting financial futures for startups.
- It created the Gateway for Accelerated Innovation in Nuclear (GAIN) which includes the Nuclear Voucher System for small grants to start ups.
- It awarded loan guarantees to cover $8.3 billion in costs for the twin Westinghouse AP1000 reactors at Georgia Power’s Vogtle site.
- It awarded two large grants worth $40M each to developers of advanced nuclear technologies.
- It funded a cost sharing agreement with NuScale to support design and licensing expenses for its 50 MW SMR.
So what’s missing? The financing strategy is piecemeal. It lacks broad congressional support, and the Obama White House, a reluctant sponsor of these programs for much of its eight years in office, never pushed for an integrated program of policy objectives and financing tied to nuclear energy as a key technology to address climate change.
SEAB Report on the Future of Nuclear Power
On September 22 the Secretary of Energy Advisory Board (SEAB), composed of senior level experts from industry and government, published its final report on the future of nuclear power.
In its report, and accompanying slide presentation, SEAB identified the huge costs needed to build a first of a kind (FOAK) advanced nuclear reactor, and the time frame to complete one for commercial deployment. The chart below from the report shows that total program costs for as single design could be $8-13 billion over a period of up to two decades.
The SEAB report is unnecessarily cautious, and like TVA, seems to want to bask in the reflected light of market options that might never bear fruit. The government and the industry must come up with better numbers. These types of prognostications represent a kind of thinking that harks back to the lumbering progress of national labs decades before there ever were any nuclear start ups or the Internet.
The government needs to learn from the start-ups with their focus on rapid prototyping, modeling in super computers, the blazing speed of web enabled communication, and public / private partnerships with new lab organizations like GAIN.
Lack of Speed Kills
Venture capitalists like Ray Rothrock, which is also a nuclear engineer, know that speed is the hallmark of developing new disruptive technologies like advanced reactors. In a paper published in September by the Breakthrough Institute, he writes that the Silicon Valley innovation model involves “many shots, one goal.”
DOE seems to have the idea, at least as embodied in the SEAB report, that one design fits all and that taking a “moonshot” approach to it will solve the problem.
Rothroack says this isn’t the right approach. Instead, the government ought to think in baseball terms, and that is that the more “at bats” you get, the more times you are likely to get a hit, get on base, and score a run. This means placing many “bets” on a variety of designs to see which ones which ones will fail quickly and which ones can go the distance.
Need for Leadership
Rothrock writes that the next President must start “by making nuclear energy a national priority to meet our climate and energy needs and explicitly setting the goal for deployment and commercialization of advanced reactors.”
And Rothrock says the SEAB report, “has the right idea.”
But he also says its recommendations must be and it can be done even faster if we are to have any chance against climate change.
“The math suggests that we’re going to need to be already deploying a range of clean technologies including new nuclear technologies starting in 2030 if we want to stay on target to meet our climate goals by 2050. That means our first deployments have to come earlier—we’re talking 2025, fully commercialized and ready to go. Bold goals indeed that need to be expressed.”
He points out that China is planning to deploy advanced reactors in 2018, so clearly this is less of a technology barrier than just a decision to do it. Russia is also placing many bets on advanced reactor R&D and has connected one of its advanced reactors, with its new fuel type, to the grid.
A government bank that provides funding at various stages of maturity for many different types of reactor start up efforts would be consistent with the concept of placing multiple bets to find out which ones would have the greatest potential to get the one thing they all want – paying customers.
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Phil Are Go! spotted a beautiful Gloria Vanderbilt outfit from 1968. As Phil explains it:
It all begins with basic black leggings of black velvet. Everyone knows that less is more.. and less is WAY more when it's velvet. Add to that some thigh-high pirate boots for high-seas practicality and you've got the foundation that will have everyone hoisting their flags! Don't forget some pilgrim buckles or the indians won't share their maize with you.
The blouse is an eighteenth century burial gown with a kicky lace lampshade sewn on as a collar. As you can see, Gloria felt that it was pretty fancy already, but not quite fancy enough without some multicolored ribbons adorning the elegant multi-tiered doily sleeves. We're on a hovercraft to classytown!
Its time for a splash of color, so grab some three-inch satin ribbon and make yourself a bandolier, or sash or whatever. Then, choose a belt of classic simplicity from your belt vault. As you can see, Gloria has chosen her opalized ruby and gold filigree girdle. It gives her a +3 modifier when making saving throws against psionic attacks AND really pops against the red sasholier! The pendant was made from six smaller pendants. If you don't have six pendants, you can just use six of your bottle openers. Be careful when soldering. It's hot!
Top it all off with a shoulder-draped set of striped curtains and you're ready for any occasion. You can wrap the curtains around you if the evening turns chilly or simply give it a shake to punctuate particularly incisive observations.
Gloria Vanderbilt - Relaxed, simple fashion for any occasion.
Section 1201 of the 1998 Digital Millennium Copyright Act makes it both a crime and a civil offense to tamper with software locks that control access to copyrighted works — more commonly known as “Digital Rights Management” or DRM. As the number of products with software in them has exploded, the manufacturers of these products […]
Five years ago, we won an unprecedented victory: spurred on by blackouts of more than 50,000 sites, more than 8 million Americans called Congress to object to the Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA), a brutal internet censorship bill that would have been a stake through the heart of the open net. SOPA, which had been […]
Sean Bonner’s posted his share of viral images over the years, but the most recent time was a little different: he tweeted a picture of an anti-Trump political sticker he spotted in Tokyo, created by street artist 281_Anti nuke.
You know as well as I that writing complex, long-long form text requires significant organization. You’re probably also well aware that Word just isn’t up to the task. That’s why I’m a huge fan of Scrivener, the software suite used by best-selling authors and technical writers alike.Scrivener is much more than another digital typewriter. With a […]
Looking to upgrade your weekend? Here are three randomly awesome products on my mind this week.#3 FRESHeBUDS Pro Magnetic Bluetooth EarbudsAs more and more phones and gadgets switch to Bluetooth-only compatibility, you’ll need to get Bluetooth headphones like the rest of us. I’ve been super impressed with these affordable magnetic headphones. Pull the magnetic earbuds apart to auto-connect […]
Traditional folding wallets are designed for paper bills—but these days, carrying cash is rarely a necessity. More often than not, I don’t carry cash at all. This Bogui Clik Wallet is the best answer I’ve found for avoiding the hassle of those tight-fitting credit card pockets.This attractive, minimalist wallet features a protective lip, so my cards don’t […]
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This guide is being actively updated as we prepare to publicly release WRF-GC. Stay tuned for updates.
There have already been successful efforts and guides on setting up WRF and GEOS-Chem on the AWS cloud and GEOS-Chem input data is already readily available on AWS S3. Thus it is very easy to set-up the WRF-GC coupled model to run ultra-high resolution simulations on the cloud.
In this tutorial we will learn how to use AWS ParallelCluster to create your own cluster on the AWS cloud and run WRF-GC on it. WRF-GC supports MPI-based parallelization so it can take advantage of multiple compute nodes.
In this guide I will document steps for:
- Setting up AWS ParallelCluster to create your own HPC cluster
- Configuring the software environment for building WRF-GC
- Running a test WRF-GC simulation across nodes
I will not go into much detail on setting up AWS infrastructure. I’d like to point you to an excellent tutorial written by Jiawei Zhuang.
Setting up AWS ParallelCluster
Work in progress - refer to Jiawei’s AWS HPC Guide for setting up.
Creating the software environment for WRF-GC: Compilers
First, get the
spack package manager for HPC:
cd /shared # install to shared disk git clone https://github.com/spack/spack.git echo 'export PATH=/shared/spack/bin:$PATH' >> ~/.bashrc # to discover spack executable source ~/.bashrc
intelmpi in your modules:
module load intelmpi source /opt/intel/compilers_and_libraries/linux/mpi/intel64/bin/mpivars.sh -ofi_internal=0
You might want to put this in your
You have two paths to choose now for your compiler choice:
- Use the Intel C/Fortran compilers, if you have a license. They generally afford better performance. If you choose to go this route, skip to the Intel section.
- Use the free and open-source GNU C/Fortran compilers. In this case skip to the GNU section.
You will need a valid Intel compiler license. (You may be eligible as a student).
Setting up Intel compilers with spack requires some additional configuration. You can follow Spack’s official guide or the quick and dirty version below:
- Edit the compiler specification file using
spack config --scope=user/linux edit compilers. Your file should look like this: the stub paths will be filled later.
compilers: - compiler: target: x86_64 operating_system: centos7 modules: spec: [email protected] paths: cc: stub cxx: stub f77: stub fc: stub
- Now install the compilers using
spack install [email protected] %[email protected].
- Find the actual paths of the compiler executables using
find $(spack location -i intel) -name icc -type f -ls.
- Put these paths in the
spack config --scope=user/linux edit compilerscompiler specification file. It should look something like this, but do not copy the paths below:
compilers: - compiler: target: x86_64 operating_system: centos7 modules: spec: [email protected] paths: cc: /shared/spack/opt/spack/.../linux/bin/intel64/icc cxx: /shared/spack/opt/spack/.../linux/bin/intel64/icpc f77: /shared/spack/opt/spack/.../linux/bin/intel64/ifort fc: /shared/spack/opt/spack/.../linux/bin/intel64/ifort
Noting that the compilers for cc, cxx, f77, fc are
- Load the compilers using
source $(spack location -i intel)/bin/compilervars.sh -arch intel64.
intelmpiand everyone else to use the Intel compilers. Add this to your
source $(spack location -i intel)/bin/compilervars.sh -arch intel64 export I_MPI_CC=icc export I_MPI_CXX=icpc export I_MPI_FC=ifort export I_MPI_F77=ifort export I_MPI_F90=ifort export CC=icc export FC=ifort export CXX=icpc
You should be ready to go although with an older compiler. Add this to your
export I_MPI_CC=gcc export I_MPI_CXX=g++ export I_MPI_FC=gfortran export I_MPI_F77=gfortran export I_MPI_F90=gfortran export CC=gcc export FC=gfortran export CXX=g++
Software: Required Libraries
The list of dependencies for WRF and WRF-GC are as follows:
- MPI (we are using
intelmpibuilt-in with AWS here)
- netCDF-C, netCDF-Fortran
- JasPer JPEG library 1.900.1
intelmpi is already available, by creating the file
packages: intel-mpi: paths: [email protected]: /opt/intel/compilers_and_libraries_2019.4.243/linux/mpi/intel64/ buildable: False
(You may want to check if that is indeed the path for
intel-mpi on your system. Usually,
which mpirun will tell you the rough path.)
Install these dependencies using
spack - no need to compile your own, so easy!
spack -v install netcdf-fortran %intel ^hdf5+fortran+hl ^intel-mpi spack -v install [email protected] %intel
Tell WRF how to locate these dependencies. I recommend adding these to your
export PATH=$(spack location -i netcdf-c)/bin:$PATH export PATH=$(spack location -i netcdf-fortran)/bin:$PATH export HDF5=$(spack location -i hdf5) export NETCDF=$(spack location -i netcdf-fortran) export JASPERLIB=$(spack location -i [email protected])/lib export JASPERINC=$(spack location -i [email protected])/include export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$HDF5/lib:$NETCDF/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
netcdf-c to be installed in the same place as
netcdf-fortran, so you need to do some moving around. Just link netcdf-C to the netCDF-Fortran folder (ugly ugly…)
# Only need to run this once NETCDF_C=$(spack location -i netcdf-c) ln -sf $NETCDF_C/include/* $NETCDF/include/ ln -sf $NETCDF_C/lib/* $NETCDF/lib/ ln -sf $NETCDF_C/bin/* $NETCDF/bin/
~/.bashrc entries, courtesy of Jiawei and some I added for convenience when you run the model:
# this prevents segmentation fault when running the model ulimit -s unlimited # WRF-specific settings export WRF_EM_CORE=1 export WRFIO_NCD_NO_LARGE_FILE_SUPPORT=0 export WRF_CHEM=1 # compile WRF-GC # Some quick aliases to work with alias vn="vi namelist.input" alias vrc="vi ~/.bashrc" alias tt="tail -f rsl.out.0000" alias te="tail -n 50 rsl.* | less" alias mco="rm rsl.*; rm wrfout_*"
Downloading WRF, GEOS-Chem and WRF-GC
A quick recap of the WRF-GC directory hierarchy. WRF-GC is driven by the WRF model exactly like how WRF-Chem is driven by WRF.
The WRF model rests at the top-most directory, usually named WRFV3:
[[email protected] WRFV3]$ ls arch configure dyn_exp hydro phys README.hydro README.SSIB run var chem configure.wrf dyn_nmm inc README README.io_config README_test_cases share clean configure.wrf.backup external main README.DA README.NMM README.windturbine test compile dyn_em frame Makefile README.hybrid_vert_coord README.rsl_output Registry tools
chem directory contains all code pertaining to chemistry. Inside
chem, you can find the WRF-GC files and a copy of GEOS-Chem in the
chem/gc subdirectory, usually like:
chem/ gc/ config/ chem_driver.F wrfgc_convert_state_mod.F chemics_init.F ...
Let’s get started.
- Downloading WRF: Obtain from the WRF GitHub repository a copy of the compatible WRF model version, currently
22.214.171.124for WRF-GC 1.0, and extract it:
mkdir WRFV3 wget https://github.com/wrf-model/WRF/archive/V126.96.36.199.tar.gz tar -xvzf V188.8.131.52.tar.gz --directory WRFV3
You may want to rename your WRF folder to
WRFV3or something easy to type.
- Removing existing WRF-Chem code. WRF has recently begun shipping WRF-Chem code alongside its main source. We do not need that code for WRF-GC operation and you should remove it. Go inside the WRF directory and remove the
cd WRFV3 rm -f chem
- Downloading WRF-GC: Obtain from the WRF-GC Release GitHub repository and obtain a copy of WRF-GC, cloning the git repository to a
chemfolder (that you’ve just deleted) in WRF’s folder:
git clone https://github.com/jimmielin/wrf-gc-release.git chem
Note: WRF-GC has not been publicly released yet. During the private beta period please refer to the WRF-GC website to contact Prof. Tzung-May Fu for obtaining a copy.
Only if using older versions of WRF-GC:
Downloading GEOS-Chem: Obtain from the GEOS-Chem GitHub repository a copy of GEOS-Chem. WRF-GC 1.0 currently only supports GEOS-Chem versions 12.2.1 and you will need to clone that specific version.
cd chem wget https://github.com/geoschem/geos-chem/archive/12.2.1.tar.gz tar -xvzf 12.2.1.tar.gz --directory gc
You should already have a
chem/gc folder before cloning the GEOS-Chem repository. That is fine. There is code to interact with the GEOS-Chem modules in the
chem/gc/GCHP folder pre-existing as part of WRF-GC. You will need to keep those.
Downloading HEMCO emissions and GEOS-Chem input data
You will need to download HEMCO emissions and a set of basic GEOS-Chem input data for use with the WRF-GC model. In your
/shared directory, create a
ExtData folder to store all GEOS-Chem inputs, according to GEOS-Chem conventions.
cd /shared mkdir ExtData mkdir ExtData/HEMCO
This section is under construction - I am coordinating with the GEOS-Chem developers to work on a download script from S3. Stay tuned!
I would like to refer you to the excellent GEOS-Chem on the Cloud guide if you have any questions.
Downloading WRF input data
Lots of different meteorological boundary and initial conditions can be used to drive the WRF model. Refer to this list of free data sets for driving WRF.
You can find more information on input data from the official WRF-GC guide.
Building WRF-GC is just like WRF-Chem. If you have used the above
~/.bashrc you will be ready to go -
cd to your
WRFV3 directory and
Noting that the
-hyb option must be enabled for WRF 184.108.40.206 to include the sigma-eta hybrid grid, required by GEOS-Chem.
If you chose to use the Intel compiler set, choose
(dmpar) option; if you chose GNU, then choose
Once configured successfully, proceed to install the WRF-GC registry file:
cd chem make install_registry cd ..
This step is mandatory - you may otherwise get
Registry: errors during WRF-GC compile complaining about species not found.
Issue the compile command:
You may want to run this in a
screen, because the compile process takes quite long. Once finished WRF should tell you “Executables successfully built”. If you find errors you may want to look at my other “common compile problems” blog post 🙂
WRF requires meteorological fields (boundary and initial conditions) and configuration of the simulation domain before proceeding. You will also need to compile WPS (WRF PreProcessing System). The procedure is exactly the same as on a regular Linux cluster, noting a few important compile issues.
Download WPS and extract it in the same level as your
wget https://github.com/wrf-model/WPS/archive/v3.9.1.tar.gz tar -xvzf v3.9.1.tar.gz --directory WPS rm v3.9.1.tar.gz
Configure WPS using the
./configure command, choosing
(serial) and the appropriate compiler option. Compile using
If you are experiencing issues compiling WPS and cannot find
WPS/configure.wps and look for
COMPRESSION_INCLUDE. Change these to the output of:
spack location -i [email protected]0.1
include/ to the path. The JasPer library is required for compiling
ungrib.exe, so if you cannot find
-ljasper then this is the issue.
Preparing WRF input data and configuring WRF-GC (GEOS-Chem)
To prepare input data and more information on WPS, please refer to the WRF-GC user’s guide.
Up to now we have all worked on the login node. This is not good practice if you have a shared cluster or need lots of resources. When running WPS tasks for generating the geographical grid, ungribbing the met fields and gridding them to the simulation domain, we need to run them on a compute node. So how do we run things on the compute nodes?
We will instruct compute nodes to run tasks using the
srun command for SLURM. SLURM is a scheduler, which in short manages the resources on your cluster. It is very well integrated with AWS ParallelCluster and will automatically add compute nodes when necessary, so essentially you have a pay-per-use “private supercomputing cluster”. Neat!
You will likely only need one node to run the
metgrid.exe scripts. You can do this in two ways:
- Creating a one-node interactive shell session. If you’ve worked in a supercomputer cluster before, you might have heard of a “interactive” session. This launches a shell on a compute node and you can do compute intensive tasks on it. To do this you can use:
srun -N 1 --pty /bin/bash
Then you can run WPS tasks simply using
./metgrid.exe. Remember to
exit from the shell after you are finished, so your compute node can shut down.
- Running the task using
srun. The following command will run the task on a designated number (
-N 2, etc.) of computational nodes:
srun -N 1 --ntasks-per-node 1 ./geogrid.exe
Note that since we compiled WPS as
(serial) we are forcing one core here - more cores will not make WPS faster. If you are running a huge domain you may want to compile with
(dmpar) for MPI-parallel of WPS, then you can use multiple nodes and cores.
To run WRF-GC, you will likely need to run the
real.exe pre-processor in
WRFV3/run first to generate the WRF input files from the met fields generated in WPS. This is the first task you likely need to run in multiple nodes. If I am using
c5n.18xlarge nodes with 36 physical cores and 72 “virtual” hyper-threading cores, and want to use, say, 12 nodes, then I can run
real.exe like so:
srun -N 12 --ntasks-per-node 36 ./real.exe
Since WRF is a resource-intensive task, you should always use the number of physical cores. Virtual cores will not do you good in this case. Here is some further information from AWS or on the GEOS-Chem wiki about scalability in “hyperthreading” cores.
To run WRF:
srun -N 12 --ntasks-per-node 36 ./wrf.exe
You can track your model progress by looking at the output from each core. Usually the master node has more information, so you can
tail -f rsl.out.0000 to look at information.
What if I have errors?
Please stay tuned as this guide is being updated and a separate guide for “compile woes with WRF(-GC), GCHP” follows.
# User specific aliases and functions export PATH=/shared/spack/bin:$PATH module load intelmpi export I_MPI_CC=icc export I_MPI_CXX=icpc export I_MPI_FC=ifort export I_MPI_F77=ifort export I_MPI_F90=ifort export CC=icc export FC=ifort export CXX=icpc source $(spack location -i intel)/bin/compilervars.sh -arch intel64 export PATH=$(spack location -i netcdf-c)/bin:$PATH export PATH=$(spack location -i netcdf-fortran)/bin:$PATH # Environment variables required by WRF export HDF5=$(spack location -i hdf5) export NETCDF=$(spack location -i netcdf-fortran) # run-time linking export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$HDF5/lib:$NETCDF/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH # this prevents segmentation fault when running the model ulimit -s unlimited # WRF-specific settings export WRF_EM_CORE=1 export WRFIO_NCD_NO_LARGE_FILE_SUPPORT=0 export WRF_CHEM=1 export ESMF_COMM=intelmpi export ESMF_COMPILER=intel export I_MPI_PMI_LIBRARY=/opt/slurm/lib/libpmi.so # enable slurm export I_MPI_FABRICS=shm:ofi # use libfabric (default) export FI_PROVIDER=efa # enable EFA (default) source /opt/intel/compilers_and_libraries/linux/mpi/intel64/bin/mpivars.sh -ofi_internal=0 # do not use intel-provided libfabr$ # Some quick aliases to work with alias vn="vi namelist.input" alias vrc="vi ~/.bashrc" alias tt="tail -f rsl.out.0000" alias te="tail -n 50 rsl.* | less" alias mco="rm rsl.*; rm wrfout_*" alias itr="srun -N 1 --ntasks-per-node 36 --pty /bin/bash" # NCL export NCARG_ROOT="/shared/ncl" export PATH="$NCARG_ROOT/bin:$PATH"
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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China is one of more than 20 countries to which Newegg plans to expand its marketplace in 2017.
Now that many online consumers are comfortable engaging agents in live chats, it's time for retailers to take full advantage of this cost-effective method of communicating and selling.
Human beings are social animals—and yet some interactions with other people make us anxious. Consider that 13% of consumers recently told the Pew Internet Research Project that they sometimes pretend to be on a cell phone to avoid a face-to-face interaction with another human being.
Those human foibles help explain why so many consumers have embraced live chat, choosing to type text messages into a box on an e-commerce site and receive text replies, rather than calling or e-mailing. Live chat provides immediate replies, but can avoid phone conversations some shoppers might find awkward, such as a weight-conscious shopper asking where on a retailer's site to find plus-size apparel. For some, typing that question into a chat box might be a welcome way to get the information they need without directly speaking to another person.
Whatever the reason, the statistics show that a growing number of consumers are taking advantage of live chat. In fact, one in five called it their preferred method of communicating with a retailer, in a recent survey by The E-tailing Group, a research and consulting firm. Further, 58% of U.S. online shoppers surveyed said they communicated with an online retailer via live chat the prior 12 months, up from 54% a year earlier.
Beyond avoiding embarrassment, live chat offers several advantages, for both the shopper and the retailer. For example, unlike an agent speaking on the phone, a live chat agent is using her computer to communicate with the online shopper, which means she can push product pages, images or video instantly to the shopper's screen to guide him to the products or information he seeks.
That powerful feature helps explain why consumers who engage in live chat are four times more likely to purchase than consumers who don't chat, according to The E-tailing Group.
"Consumers that use chat are more responsive to product recommendations, cross-sells and up-sells because they intend to buy," says Diane Buzzeo, CEO and founder of Ability Commerce, provider of integrated e-commerce and personalization solutions. "The important element of any live chat strategy is to remember that shoppers engage through it because they are not seeing what they need to make a purchase or they don't know how to get where they want to on the retailer's web site. That creates a fabulous sales and service opportunity."
Taking full advantage of the sales opportunity starts with training agents so that they can quickly and confidently provide the information the shopper wants, and to recommend related products the shopper may not have thought of.
"Having knowledgeable service agents is crucial to success in live chat, and the foundation of the agent's knowledge begins with training," says Ross Haskell, vice president of marketing for Bold Software LLC, provider of the BoldChat live chat product, as well as click-to-call and e-mail management applications. "A primary reason retailers that don't use live chat have not installed it is that they are uncertain how to recruit, train, manage, and incentivize their agents. They realize training differs from standard call center training."
Bold Software, which sponsored The E-tailing Group's survey, found that many of the responses to survey questions related directly to how well the agent was prepared to handle customer inquiries.
"A lot of responses were focused on how empowered chat agents are to offer incentives and how knowledgeable the agent is about the products and services the retailer offers," says Haskell. "The key takeaway is that retailers are focusing less on the technology itself and more on quality of agent training, because they recognize consumer expectations of live chat are growing along with the number of consumers engaging with it."
Part of properly training service agents on live chat is to help them understand that chat will make it easier for them to respond to customer inquiries, and is not just one more task. For example, with live chat an agent can conduct several chats at once, handling multiple customer queries simultaneously in a way that's not possible on the telephone.
"There can be some staff pushback to the addition of live chat, because agents may view it as extra work," says Kurt Bager, CEO of Netop Solutions A/S, provider of remote engagement solutions for communications and customer service. "Agents need to understand how live chat can help them better manage their workload just as much as they need to understand how it benefits consumers."
It's also important to find the agents who are best suited to live chat. Rotating agents between live chat and the call center helps retailers spot which agents to assign to live chat. "An agent that is great on the phone may not be as successful in servicing consumers using live chat," says Bager. "It is important to determine to which communications channel an agent's skills are best suited, so that the best agents are fielding live chats and using the technology to its fullest potential."
Netop's Live Guide is a live chat application, delivered in a software-as-a-service-based mode, which means Netop hosts the chat technology that connects with the retailer's site through an Internet link. The Netop technology allows retailers to initiate two-way text chat, two-way audio and two-way video. Agents can also redirect a shopper's web browser to guide him to the appropriate page on the retailer's web site to answer his questions or find a desired product.
When to ask
While retailers naturally must be ready when customers ask to chat, online merchants can benefit even more from live chat if they develop the sense of when they should reach out to a web site visitor who seems to need help. The difficulty in determining when to offer a chat invitation is that there is no sure-fire way to know whether the consumer genuinely needs help at that moment, unless she asks for it.
A consumer who appears to be undecided because she is lingering on a page too long, for instance, may actually be multi-tasking, such as taking a break to answer a phone call.
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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https://www.internetretailer.com/2011/08/31/sponsored-supplement-september-2011
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Buying a used car is an excellent way to avoid the ridiculous costs of new vehicles. Besides, you can always find a good deal at an old car dealership. With the wide range of prices for used cars and the level of detail that comes behind each price, it is essential to understand what makes up each part of the selling price. You may often not have time to shop around, so this guide will help you choose from some high-level points such as features and mileage while keeping your budget in mind.
The first thing you need to consider is the goal of your purchase. For example, if you plan to drive long distances, you will want a bigger car with a large engine. If, however, you intend to drive short distances or your main focus is on running quick errands, then a smaller vehicle will do. Also, remember who uses the honda fresno (if anyone else than yourself) and when it will be driven most of the time.
As for the second part of your investigation, remember that new cars often include standard equipment, and additional costs don’t come until later when buying used cars. For example, in new cars, you can get a warranty; however, used vehicles do not always have this added feature.
These used cars are not always cheap, so you may need to buy them for a specific price. Also, the longer a car is on the road, its value will be lower. Of course, this is dependable from region to region and car to car.
As for the third part of your investigation, it is helpful to find out about any optional features that are not included in cars that have been produced for an extended period. For example, if you are purchasing an older used car with satellite radio or lane keep assist systems, you may want to consider whether these are available.
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https://jockeyp2p.com/auto/buying-a-used-car-is-an-excellent-idea/
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|5||$45.00|| ADD TO CART|
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Significance and Use
4.1 Procedure A—This procedure is an index type test which can be used as a guide for acceptance of commercial shipments of geosynthetics. The standard cone and pyramid test fixtures can establish critical height (ch) consistency with similar material from previous lots or different suppliers, as well as testing from other laboratories. However, due to the time required to perform tests, it is generally not recommended for routine acceptance testing.
4.2 Procedures B and C—These procedures are performance tests intended as a design aid used to simulate the in-situ behavior of geosynthetics under hydrostatic compression. These test methods may assist a design engineer in comparing the ability of several candidate geosynthetic materials to conform to a site specific subgrade under specified use and conditions. In procedure B, the pressure is increased until a failure is observed. In procedure C, a given set of conditions (pressure, temperature and test duration) are maintained constant and the performance of the system is observed at the end of the test.
1.1 This test method evaluates the stress/time properties of geosynthetics by using hydrostatic pressure to compress the geosynthetic over synthetic or natural test bases consisting of manufactured test pyramids/cones, rocks, soil or voids.
1.2 This test method allows the user to determine the relative failure mode, points of failure for geosynthetics, or both.
1.3 This test method offers two distinct procedures.
1.3.1 Procedure A incorporates manufactured test pyramids or cones as the base of the testing apparatus. Procedure A is intended to create comparable data between laboratories, and can be used as a guide for routine acceptance test for various materials.
1.3.2 Procedures B and C incorporate site specific soil or other material selected by the user as the test base of the testing apparatus. Procedures B and C are methods for geosynthetic design for a specific site.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific warning statement, see Section 6.
2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by Displacement
D1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-Gradient Technique
D2488 Practice for Description and Identification of Soils (Visual-Manual Procedure)
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
D5199 Test Method for Measuring the Nominal Thickness of Geosynthetics
D5261 Test Method for Measuring Mass per Unit Area of Geotextiles
D5994 Test Method for Measuring Core Thickness of Textured Geomembranes
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
ICS Number Code 59.080.70 (Geotextiles)
UNSPSC Code 30121702(Geotextile)
|Link to Active (This link will always route to the current Active version of the standard.)|
ASTM D5514 / D5514M-14, Standard Test Method for Large Scale Hydrostatic Puncture Testing of Geosynthetics, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2014, www.astm.orgBack to Top
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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Only if it takes you forward, go with it! Your emotions! Forget it if it’s pulling you down! 😉 Thank you and welcome all our new friends and readers from everywhere: the US, Japan, Slovenia, Mexico, the UK, Australia, Switzerland,India, Chile, Algeria, the UAE, Philippines, New Zealand, France, and Macedonia 😉
When it’s the right song at the right time, nothing else would be more satisfying! Hearts and emotions are great blessings that we have.
May be it’s not the same for everyone, but for me, it could be similar to what the fire does to the candles, melting them so slowly with that special smell.
“Show Me The Face” is the song that has done that to me. Enjoy it if you’re that kind of a person, like me.
We’ll give you the clue for the first picture we published just before the last one. Here we go:
The first one is mine. Every time I pass by a playground with this type of shapes and colors, I remember my kids when they were young. I remember how they love the colors of these play shapes, and they could spend hours and hours moving up and down practicing a kind of extreme physical fitness, while I was sitting down watching them. They could go from the swings, to the play systems or wide tubes, the balancing equipment, the climbers, Merry go round/whirls, motion/spinning, you name it! 🙄
I never held a book or a magazine in my hand while watching them. I mean it when I say never. I care so much for their safety, and for the safety of any child in general.
You can make the playground entertaining and safe for your kids by checking equipment for potential hazards and following some simple safety guidelines.
Teaching kids how to play safely is important: If they know the rules of the playground, they’re less likely to get hurt.
Adult supervision can help prevent injuries by making sure kids properly use playground equipment and don’t engage in unsafe behavior around it.
Playgrounds have such an enormous role in your kids’ life. One article recites 77 reasons for the benefits of taking your kids to the playground, and spending enough time there. And I believed in that.
I was able to see how the playground had that strange influence on my kids. They seemed to be happier every time I took them to any playground, and we’ve seen a few. Their happiness was mine!
That is why I carry this beautiful memory with me everywhere I go. Whenever I see a colorful playground, I automatically feel relaxed smiling inside of myself, reminding myself of those cherished moments.
The other two photos had something totally different from my first one, which you’ll know next time we talk.
Until then, dear readers, pls take the time to go through our topics list, and our 7000 SuperStars tab, and if you have any suggestion, comment, or question, pls let me know. Stay cheerful with our hugs and kisses ❤
. Playground Safety
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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How Much do Automatic Sprinkler Systems Cost? Part VApril 28, 2011
Do you need drip irrigation or garden valves in certain areas?
Drip irrigation is a very cost effective to install a system and it also happens to be a very cost effective way to water, as well. The valve, filter, and pressure regulator combination that is required for a drip zone will cost more than a control valve for a spray head or rotor zone, but the overall cost of the zone is much lower, especially if you are using emitter tubing. Drip zones require careful planning, but are well worth the effort.
Do you need a sprinkler timer that can automatically calculate the amount of water to apply?
The sprinkler timer or “controller” can be a fairly big driver of the cost of your sprinkler system, especially if a professional contractor is installing it. The latest trend is toward “smart controllers” which automatically calculate the amount of water to apply for a given geographic location at point of time in the season. Smart controllers help reduce the amount of overwatering while helping ensure survival of your landscape in the hottest months. The downside to these controllers is that they cost more, are harder to install (they require the mounting of sensors on a roof or other unobstructed location), and more difficult to program. Surveys of homeowners show that, while they like the concept of smart controllers, the complexity of operating them leads many homeowners to turn off the smart features and use them as a regular controller. Perhaps over time these controllers will become easier to use.
Do you need a rain sensor to automatically delay or shut off the system if it is raining?
The addition of a rain sensor to your system is pretty much a no-brainer. You can set these sensors to delay or shut off watering once they detect a certain amount of rainfall. This saves you from wasting water on rainy days and the annoyance of fines (in some communities) and public embarrassment as neighbors become more aware of water conservation.
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<urn:uuid:ded36668-97d1-4d49-876f-b3717ede9019>
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CC-MAIN-2016-44
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http://www.orbitonline.com/blog/how-much-do-automatic-sprinkler-systems-cost-part-v/
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Despite his many flaws, Charlie is a man whom almost everyone can’t help but like. It’s surprising that Charlie’s so likeable considering his wild past of uncontrollable alcoholism, his possible complicity in his wife’s death, and the fact that he essentially abandoned his child. Charlie is hard to dislike in part because he seems so earnest in his efforts to turn over a new leaf. If we’re wary of him in the beginning of the story, we increasingly trust him as he rebuffs his former friends and sticks to just one drink a day. Fitzgerald also conveys Charlie’s great personal charm. Charlie is a physically attractive man, a quality that clearly affects Lorraine and possibly even Marion. He is also a winning, persuasive speaker, able to manipulate listeners without seeming to try.
If we can’t help but like Charlie, however, neither can we help feeling slightly suspicious of him. His justification for taking one drink per day makes sense when he explains it—he implies that he doesn’t want to give alcohol undue power over him by avoiding it altogether—but seems nonsensical later. We wonder if he has hoodwinked us and worry that he’ll slip back into drinking heavily. When Charlie disavows his former friends, we think back to the beginning of the story when he gives Lincoln and Marion’s address to Alix, knowing that it’ll land in Duncan Schaeffer’s hands. As a result, we wonder whether some part of him actually wants to return to the old days. Although we’re naturally inclined to take Charlie’s side because of his good intentions, Fitzgerald doesn’t allow us to root for him unrestrainedly.
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<urn:uuid:a021c5b7-3a09-4ea6-aa24-cc4707ef57b6>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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Among the most memorable vets I have encountered were two from World War II, Herb Sussan and Dan McGovern. They shot the official military footage in the ruins of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and then struggled to have it released so the world could be warned of the true dimensions of what the bomb could do. But they could not break through an incredibly harmful "coverup."
Since meeting Sussan, I have covered this and related stories, journeyed to the atomic cities, written dozens of major articles, was adviser to an award-winning 2005 doc film (Original Child Bomb) and co-authored with Robert Jay Lifton the book Hiroshima in America (click on book cover at left for more about it). You can read a long take on all of this at Huff Post today. Below: some of the suppressed footage, now released.
Thursday, November 12, 2009
For Veterans Day: The Great Atomic Film Cover-Up
is author of a dozen books (click on covers at right), including the new "THE TUNNELS: Escapes Under the Berlin Wall and the Historic Films the JFK White House Tried to Kill." He was the longtime editor of Editor & Publisher. Email: firstname.lastname@example.org. Twitter: @GregMitch
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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Advances in MIL-D-38999L connectors lead to smaller, lighter, and greater bandwidth
The military circular connectors have been around since the beginning of time, or so it seems. They were developed in the 1930s for Army and Navy severe applications. The "AN" Series of Circular connectors, as they were known, originated in the 1930s as a dependable, rugged military electrical connector that has evolved into the 38999 electrical interconnect system today that now has many more demands on it than simple point-to-point electrical connections. It has been utilized by not only the military, but has also found its way into Industrial, Aerospace, and Automotive applications where dependability is paramount.
Sorry, the full text of this article is not currently available. Please try back later.
The editor was notified of this error on: Wednesday 27th of July 2022 05:29:09 PM.
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This article first appeared in the St. Louis Beacon: The Missouri Department of Health’s new report failing to link piles of uranium, thorium and radium to cancers in current residents of North St. Louis County is just like the old joke about a man who is searching for his car keys under a streetlight. When a passerby asks him where he had last seen the keys, he points toward a dark alley nearby.
"Then why aren't you looking over there?" asks the bystander.
The man looks up and replies, "Because the light is better over here."
The Department of Health looked where the light was shining, not where we think the keys were lost.
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://news.stlpublicradio.org/term/radioactive-waste
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- Diversity, Equity, & Inclusion
By Vice President for Research Lisa Cassis
With new funding and increased emphasis, collaborative community networks are targeting complex health issues such as chronic disease management and healthy lifestyle. But how effective are these networks? A recent study published in Health Affairs by Rachel Hogg Graham, at the UK College of Health Sciences, and Danielle Varda at the University of Colorado.
Hogg Graham and Varda analyzed the characteristics of 260 cross-sector community health networks from 2008 to 2015, with data from PARTNER—the Program to Analyze, Record and Track Networks to Enhance Relationships—a tool developed by Varda.
Hogg Graham said, “The PARTNER tool asks some really interesting questions on trust and value and resources contributed. Trust and value are incredibly important to these networks, as well as how you perceive those partners. Partners working across sectors need to develop a collaborative process in which each partner sees the benefit of participation, thereby increasing motivation to stay engaged and make investments to support network goals.”
The data showed that nonprofit organizations were more prevalent than private firms or government agencies in these networks, but nonprofit organizations were not rated as highly as other sectors on value. Traditional types of partners in community health networks such as hospitals, community health centers, and public health agencies were the most trusted and valued by their fellow network members. However, nontraditional partners, such as private employers or universities, reported contributing relatively high numbers of resources to their networks.
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<urn:uuid:19de1a53-d91a-40d1-bc9a-47682b6ee62a>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.uky.edu/chs/college-information/news/2017-01-12/insights-trust-and-value-collaborative-health-networks
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A life in the corporate world is great for building experience and learning how the market works. As an employee for a corporation, you’ll improve your leadership capabilities while understanding what makes a business successful. This puts you in a great position to start a company of your own. As you navigate the difficult process of launching a startup, you’ll be able to draw on your experiences in the corporate world to make smart decisions.
With all that being said, going from a large corporation to your very own startup requires some adjustments. Running your own company involves challenges and responsibilities that you never dealt with in your years as a corporate worker. Here is a list of 7 tips that will help you succeed in the transition from corporate life to an entrepreneur.
1. Focus on Building a Positive Mindset
Being an entrepreneur requires more self confidence than simply working for a company. Any business you start will be your project, and yours alone. This means it’s on you to maintain the “can do” attitude that allows a business to succeed. Before you’ve actually launched the project, do everything you can to build a positive mindset. Give yourself an optimistic mantra to repeat throughout the day. Try exercise and meditation to relieve stress. Remind yourself that you’re smart and capable, and that your business is bound to be a success. Tell yourself that setbacks are all just minor blips on the road to victory.
2. Build Up Your Skill Set
In order to be a successful entrepreneur, you’ll need more skills than were necessary in your corporate job. It’s often the most well-rounded managers who have the most success. This means you should use your transition period to acquire new skills. If you’re clueless about technology, try to expand your knowledge. If social psychology was never your thing, consider studying group dynamics. Taking online courses is a great way to enhance your knowledge and abilities.
3. Make Sure Your Finances Are In Line
Even the smallest business will require a sizable initial investment. Before committing to any new venture, take a long, hard look at your personal finances. Make sure you’re in a position to take on a new project. Remember, most new businesses take months (if not years) to start making a profit.
4. Be Comprehensive In Your Planning
When you’re just one of many employees at a company, you can focus on your specialization and leave the overall plan to others. When you’re an entrepreneur, you’re responsible for the company’s entire game plan. From a general mission statement to the finer details, make sure you have your plan ironed out before you make your initial investment.
5. Try To Stay Flexible
While planning is essential, it’s almost important to think on your feet and make last minute adjustments. Recognize right away that not everything will work out exactly as you had planned. Sometimes, an unexpected development will force you to change course. Perhaps, a sudden change in regulations means you have to shift the focus of your proposed business. Or maybe a similar business to your own will open right down the street, radically altering the state of the local market. By developing a flexible mindset, you’ll be able to deal with whatever curveballs the world throws at you and your burgeoning business.
6. Make a Point of Networking
When moving from corporate to entrepreneur, you’ll need contacts outside the areas of your previous connections. Perhaps you once worked in marketing, and so your contacts were principally connected to advertising agencies and media outlets. Now, as an entrepreneur, you’ll have to reach out and expand your networking horizons. Attend trade shows, speak to industry insiders, and do everything you can to reach out to people you think could help you down the road.
7. Consider Franchise Opportunities
Starting a new business is always a complicated process, but you can make it much easier by opening a franchise. Instead of starting from scratch, you’ll be able to follow a proven strategy that has already brought success in other locations around the world. You can look up different franchise opportunities to find one right for you. But remember, always choose something that you truly love. For example, if you are a dog person, and understand a lot about their behavior you should invest in a dog franchise. Marketing and brand recognition will be a breeze, and you’ll avoid the risks of launching your own project.
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El Mostrador takes a look at the long-standing controversy over Chile's anti-terrorist law, which was passed in 1984 during the Pinochet dictatorship. It allows for holding people without charges, phone tapping, and the like. If you'd like to see the law itself, here is the text. Pinochet's name, along with the junta, is right there at the bottom.
It clearly obstructs due process. The law is an authoritarian legacy that was used for repression and during her 2013 campaign Michelle Bachelet said she would not invoke it. She has not kept that promise and is even trying to parse her own past language.
[E]l Ejecutivo “no puede renunciar a ejercer alguna de las atribuciones que le entrega la ley” y que lo que dijo la Presidenta durante su campaña “tiene que ver con el juicio político que se hace de su eficacia y de las características de esta ley”.
And so her administration has used it five times in two years. Not surprisingly, that has created tensions within the Nueva Mayoría coalition. Added to this is the fact that it has been used a lot against Mapuche, to the point that the United Nations took notice in 2013 and condemned it.
It's amazing how "sticky" so many Pinochet-era laws have been, not to mention the constitution itself. Bit by but they've been removed or revised, but they've last a really long time.
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In case you are wanting a chef career that goes past a short-order cook dinner and primary food preparation worker, you will want further coaching from what you can get on the job. A highschool diploma is required to be accepted to culinary colleges that will practice you to be a professional chef. It is usually potential to start your primary coaching whereas nonetheless in high school.
One other top school is The French Culinary Institute in New York City. At this particular faculty training is completed at a really fast tempo and in depth by a palms-on curriculum known as Total Immersion. The French Culinary Institute additionally has a sister faculty in Italy which their college students are also invited to train at so as to get the total experience of the Italian culinary expertise. What this school affords by their Total Immersion method is having their students skilled in six to 9 months what takes other schools years to teach. Depending on what kind of a learner you might be, that may hinder or provide help to. The French Culinary Institute additionally offers their students the opportunity to be taught by legends within the area of culinary arts equivalent to Jacques Torres, Alain Sailhac, and even Andre Soltner.
That is the Chinese equal of dimsum!
That is why, more than ever, these days people are looking for healthy cooking options. Natural food supplies you with essentially the most fundamental raw materials which you require for cooking healthy. Also, cooking with natural foods means not having to use extremely processed foods. Flavors are normally enhanced using sea salt or kosher salt in the place of iodized salt. Many organic cooks even keep away from using microwaves to prepare dinner the food – preferring to use the stove as an alternative. In addition they favor to cut back the amount of liquids like stocks, sauces and and tomatoes (a excessive water content material food) to enhance the style of a dish. They also choose to use natural, unsalted butter for baking and cooking.
Natural animal farming can be used so that we can have organic meat and poultry. Animals at such farms are given natural feed and they’re allowed to go open air. Preventive measures like rotational grazing and clean housing are used to forestall disease. These animals are given a balanced weight-reduction plan which does not embody chemicals to boost their progress.
Native to the lowlands. No silly English Backyard Thyme.
Hvar for the crops they grow! To peel tomatoes in a simple means make a horizontal cut on the base, dip them in boiling water for jiffy and then drain and peel them with a knife. It makes the method a lot simpler. If using dried beans do not forget to soak overnight and boil them for about an hour and a half
Where does chocolate come from If you are speaking of sautéed or fried food, consider the fry cook. There are some similarities between the broiler cook dinner and the fry prepare dinner. The fry cook dinner also specializes with preparing a specific type of food. 2 How a lot solar does it get? Does it get 4 hours or more; or is it mostly shade?
Trade faculties are sometimes the number one source of culinary arts info. Examples of trade colleges offering most of these levels embody Stratford College, Devry and The Arts Institute. Sous-chefs are additionally managers however are below government chefs. There are other campuses which might be located throughout America from Denver, to North Miami, and Charlotte.
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PHILADELPHIA (CBS) – Area animal shelters expect to be hopping with unwanted Easter bunnies in the weeks to come.
A bunny as an Easter gift may not be the best idea, said Angela Messer, director of operations at the Pennsylvania SPCA in Hunting Park. “Typically what we see is an influx of rabbits after Easter. A couple weeks after Easter we have people bring them in to surrender them as no longer wanted,” Messer said.
If you’re thinking of getting a pet rabbit, know what you’re in for. “They do require a lot of care. They require to have their cage cleaned quite often. They need food and water every day. They need attention and enrichment and they also need fresh vegetables and fruits available to them on a frequent basis as well.”
Messer said rabbits can be adopted at the PSPCA for $40. That includes spaying or neutering and a micro chip.
Reported by John McDevitt, KYW Newsradio 1060
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Termites dine out in bank vault
Published 22/04/2011 | 08:57
Termites have devoured currency notes worth 10 million rupees (£135,260) in a steel bank chest in northern India, police revealed.
Officer Navneet Rana said the bank manager discovered the damage when he opened the reinforced room in an old bank building.
Mr Rana said: "It's a matter of investigation how termites attacked bundles of currency notes stacked in a steel chest."
He added that the termites had damaged bank furniture and documents in the past. The money was put in the bank chest in January.
Mr Rana said police have registered a case of negligence by bank officials in Barabanki, a town 20 miles south-west of Lucknow, the Uttar Pradesh state capital.
In India, police register a case before opening an investigation.
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In their contributions to the Foreign Policy In Focus strategic dialogue on Cuba, Samuel Farber discusses the problematic economic reforms and nonexistent political reforms in Life After Fidel while Saul Landau looks at the fragile achievements of the Cuban revolution and the hostile U.S. policy toward the island in Cuba: The Struggle Continues. Here, they respond to each other.
I agree with Samuel Farber that the left should rid itself of illusions about that nature of the Cuban regime. Cuba does not serve as a model for other third world countries. But neither does China or Vietnam – unless savage capitalism run by Communist parties is somehow preferable to the state socialist system in Cuba. Farber does not offer other models because there are none.
I feel frustrated when I read essays that use the speculative sport of Cubanology as if some mysterious crystal ball clearly shows the correct path for Cuba’s healthy future. In this game, people like Vice President Machado Ventura acquire “hard liner,” labels, meaning that they are “dedicated to preserving the ideological purity of the system.” I think of Machado Ventura as a practical man, who would chuckle if he heard himself referred to as an ideological purist. Others like Vice President Carlos Lage is “reputed to be a moderate.” If Fidel or Raul offered these labels I would accept them. From those who have never met or interviewed these Cuban leaders, such descriptions seem almost funny, or gossipy, the kind of thing former CIA analyst Brian Latell offers to his commercial clients. Latell, who for decades was the CIA’s man on Cuba, never went to the island or met any of its leaders.
I have met many of these leaders over the decades and still have no idea what “hard” or “soft” means in practical terms in 2008. Nor can I discern the meaning of ideological purity on an island whose economy and social structure have seriously decayed for 17 years. Similarly, the Talibanes label Farber gives to some of the younger leaders doesn’t help describe the nature of the current debate.
Cuban history, according to Celia Sanchez in a 1957 letter to her father, called for a caudillo to liberate the island. “Fidel,” she wrote, “is our caudillo.” Cubans like most other people cannot erase their history, the centuries of formal Spanish rule and 60 years of informal U.S. domination, the legacies of bureaucracy, hierarchy, racism, and corruption. The revolution has taught egalitarianism, social consciousness, and the best of socialist values. Once out of school, however, Cubans find such values difficult to practice in an economy of shortages and scarcity – the description that fits most third world countries.
If one measures success by comparing goals to achievements, the Cuban revolution, which began in the 1860s, succeeded in creating sovereignty, independence, and a healthy and educated population. It converted Cubans and Cuba from a hapless colonial experience into one where Cubans have become actors on the world stage. Countless poor people in several countries owe their eyesight and other health improvements to Cuban doctors. How ironic that Havaneros complain about the shortage of doctors because so many have gone abroad to tend to other people. Even with the “shortage” Cuba’s doctor-patient ratio is close to that of Beverly Hills.
Cuban painters have exhibitions in Paris, New Delhi, and New York. Their athletes win a disproportionate (to the size of the population) number of Olympic medals. But they do not practice Trotskyist-style democracy – and never will.
I ask myself: what would I have done had I been a member of Cuba’s governing elite when faced with five decades of real U.S. threat while attempting to build a model society steeped in equality and justice?
Democracy and military force, openness and state security police do not produce harmony. Cuban leaders opted to protect the revolution, and that decision became the defining guidelines for Cuban socialism. Cuban socialism became a system based on orders from above, participation from below – but little choice. Such a system worked with the Soviet model and with certain strands of Cuban culture and history.
The collapse of the Soviet system forced the Cuban state to break its social contract with the people. Its leaders opted for political control, eschewing economic models that purported to deal with “transition.”
Social inequality emerged more dramatically than ever, thanks to Cuba’s economic desperation. But Washington could not successfully punish the disobedient upstart. Cuba survived – but not as viable social order.
I can say from my own conversations with some of Cuba’s leaders that there is a lively debate about where to go, which models or parts of them, to follow.
China and Vietnam have converted decades of struggle and bloodshed into a thriving capitalism wrapped in communist ribbons. All of Cuba’s leaders see clearly the pitfalls of such a path. And they do not see enough accumulated wealth on their island to begin to forge a European-style social democratic model.
Over the past months, Cubans have been discussing these themes formally and informally. While the U.S. media write of the cell phone fad and the availability of appliances, few journalists have underscored the key facts. Cuban leaders continue to invest in infrastructure, refurbishing the badly damaged electrical generating capacity. They have bought thousands of new busses. And to counteract the failure of Cuban agriculture, the government had to import 84% of the island’s food.
While building a new model amid constant harassment from the United States – even if the “invasion threat” was overblown – Cuban leaders made mistakes. Two million people live in Havana, for example. Most do not produce anything – other than services for tourists – that yields foreign exchange, but all consume, although not as much as they would like. Walk the streets of Havana during work day hours and see thousands of people hanging out, catching the rays. Official unemployment (2%) is a joke. Cubans are horribly underemployed, one of the gaping holes in its economic system – especially in urban areas. How did this happen after Fidel literally starved Havana of investment for the first 10 years of the revolution? When people become educated, they don’t want to work the land.
What can a non-Cuban do in the way of action or suggestion in a situation where socialism on one island – albeit state socialism – remains threatened by powerful U.S. forces? Work to get the U.S. embargo lifted, says Farber. I agree. But such a solution would also leave Cuba naked. Try to calculate the impact of a million US “tourists,” some with fat wallets, looking to invest in anything that looks lucrative or sexy. All that money circulating without control by state authorities would transform the island rapidly into…well, we will eventually see.
“Too long have the workers of the world waited for some Moses to lead them out of bondage. I would not lead you out if I could; for if you could be led out, you could be led back in again. I would have you make up your minds there is nothing that you cannot do for yourselves.” Eugene Victor Debs, 1905.
I agree with Saul Landau that holding high the values and practices of sharing and equality are critical to any socialist society worthy of the name. But holding high the values and practices of democracy and civil liberties are no less important to a socialist society. Landau seems to minimize the importance of these, and mentions them almost as if these were an “extra” feature instead of being a fundamental cornerstone of socialism.
Cuba’s one-party state is, by its very nature, antithetical to socialist democracy. Its constitution enshrines the political monopoly of the Cuban Communist Party and criminalizes other competing parties. The constitution also enshrines the ruling party’s monopoly over Cuba’s mass organizations, such as the state’s trade unions and women’s organizations, which are to act as its transmission belts. This outlaws all independent organization of unions, women, blacks, gays, and other groups.
Landau may cite Fidel Castro’s slogan that “inside the revolution everything; outside the revolution; nothing.” But in light of Cuba’s political system, this slogan is disingenuous and misleading since it is up to the top leadership to decide what and who qualifies as being “inside the revolution.” It should be noted that when the slogan was originally coined back in 1961, it was accompanied by repressive measures directed not against counterrevolutionaries but against other leftists. That is when those new cultural policies were used to shut down Lunes de Revolución, the weekly mass circulation literary and political supplement of the government newspaper Revolución, which published a wide variety of non-Communist independent left-wing authors from all over the world. The documentary titled PM, depicting the apolitical pleasure- loving night life of poor people in Havana and directed by Saba Cabrera Infante, the brother of Guillermo, the editor of Lunes, was also suppressed.
The very real economic harm inflicted by the U.S. imperialist blockade has obfuscated the other major source of economic problems in Cuba: the inefficiency and waste inherent in the bureaucratic administration of the economy. The old maxim attributed to Soviet and East European workers that “they pretend to pay us and we pretend to work” fully applies to Cuba. There is a very visible lack of care, attention, and maintenance of every kind of public sector property. While economic hardship and the U.S. blockade may explain the lack of building materials necessary to carry out certain kinds of maintenance and upkeep, it does not explain the absence of the simple, labor-intensive activities that have no significant capital components such as cleaning, sweeping, and just run-of-the-mill neatness. The fundamental problem in Cuba is the lack of initiative, motivation, and both managerial and labor discipline. Over the centuries, capitalism developed methods to make workers perform at a certain level of competence prodded by sticks (produce or you will get fired) and carrots (the promise, if not the reality, of higher wages and promotions).
On the whole, Cuba and the other Soviet-type systems have not been able to develop a parallel type system of motivation that could at least match the effectiveness of capitalist methods. Workers in this equally, if not more, bureaucratic and hierarchical system do not grasp any better than in capitalism what the whole process of production is for or about. One of the “sticks” available to the single government employer was removed by the policy of overall security of employment (except for those who get in political trouble with the authorities). The built-in, systematic scarcity of consumer goods characteristic of what the Hungarian economist Janos Kornai called “shortage economies” has taken care of removing a good part of the carrots.
Since the early years of the revolution, the Cuban regime has oscillated between so-called “moral” and “material” incentives to address the lack of motivation among Cuban workers and peasants. But it never even considered the “political incentives” of opening the economy, polity, and society to democratic control, including the control of the workplace by working people. It never considered the possibility that by participating and controlling their own productive lives, people could become interested and responsible for what they do for a living day in and day out; that only thus would people get to care and give a damn. Workers’ democracy is not only a good in itself – people controlling their own lives – it can be a truly productive, economic force.
Instead, the bureaucracy on the island, since its early institution in the 1960s, has inevitably led to systematic misinformation such as inflated production figures because nobody wants to take responsibility for the failure to meet production targets. This in turn has led to poor planning based on imagined inputs. The lack of an open press and mass communications has facilitated cover-ups, corruption, and inefficiency. These problems, common to all Soviet-type bureaucratic systems, were exacerbated in Cuba due to the arbitrary interventions in economic affairs by the commander-in-chief.
Although Fidel Castro is undoubtedly a very intelligent and talented man, he is not an expert on everything under the sun. The overall balance of his personal interventions in economic affairs has been quite negative, like his economically disastrous campaign for a 10-million-ton sugar crop in 1970; the predictable failure of the F1 hybrid cows, a new breed of cattle, against the advice of British experts he brought to Cuba; the economic “gigantism” of such projects as the unnecessarily wide and wasteful eight-lane highway traversing a good part of Cuba; and more recently in the economic disruptions and improvisations that were part of his “Battle of Ideas.” Fidel Castro’s strong tendency to micro-manage also silenced and paralyzed the initiatives of responsible and capable people who were simply afraid to contradict him. All in all, Castro created a perfectly avoidable economic chaos. This kind of chaos cannot be confused with the creative chaos that can result from enthusiastic mass participation and is more than compensated by people’s involvement and excitement with what they do. Avoidable waste is a crime against the time, effort, and sacrifice of working people.
Citing Eduardo Galeano, Landau points out that the development of democracy in Cuba has been blocked by the actions of U.S. imperialism against Cuba. There is no doubt that U.S. aggression was and has been decisive in creating a siege climate on the island, which has facilitated the growth of undemocratic practices and ideas. However, this view unwittingly deprives the revolutionary leaders, such as the Castro brothers and Che Guevara, of any ideological and political agency and responsibility. As I show in my The Origins of the Cuban Revolution Reconsidered (University of North Carolina Press, 2006), prior to the revolutionary victory these leaders did have clear ideological and political tendencies, if not fully formed ideas, about what they would do once they came to power. These tendencies were incompatible with a view of socialism that placed the ideas and practices of workers and peasants’ democracy and self-management as a top priority.
The existing political structure is based on popular support, although it has greatly declined since the early 1990s. But it depends on the manipulation of that support as well as on censorship and repression. There are 200-300 political prisoners in Cuba today; the great majority of these have been jailed for activities of an entirely peaceful political nature. As recently as April 21, 10 women belonging to the organization “Women in White” were roughed up and arrested when they were peacefully demonstrating in support of their imprisoned relatives. The government claims that these women, along with other dissenters, are influenced and financed by U.S. imperialism. Even so, the peaceful political nature of these dissidents’ activities turns this into a political, not a police matter. It should be openly debated with the opposition in front of the Cuban people, who should be the ultimate judge of who is right and wrong in these questions.
Saul Landau says that when the Cuban artists and intellectuals declared they would not tolerate censorship, the leadership agreed with them. But nothing has been done to alter the institutional arrangements that maintain Cuban censorship, particularly those in the mass media organs under the control of the ICRT (Cuban Institute of Radio and Television). Thus, for example, the official Cuban press, radio, and television have been silent about the major protest at the University of Oriente in September 2007 and its aftermath. This is consistent with the long censorship record of the Cuban mass media, including the days-long delay in broadcasting the news of such major events as the Soviet Union’s 1979 invasion of Afghanistan, the Cuban radio stations’ decades-long ban of the music of Celia Cruz, and the extremely limited and distorted coverage of the Cuban intellectuals’ protest at the beginning of 2007.
Sometimes this censorship has been quite crude. One example is the deliberate failure to translate into Spanish Noam Chomsky’s critique of the human rights situation in Cuba in an appearance on Cuban television during a visit to the island a few years ago. Another example is the reporting on Javier Bardem’s recent visit to the country by the newspaper Juventud Rebelde, where a very detailed biography of the Spanish actor omitted mention of his first Oscar nomination for playing the role of the Cuban dissident writer Reinaldo Arenas in Julian Schnabel’s Before Night Falls. Censorship reflects the state’s lack of trust in what people may think and do when privy to unfiltered information.
The same lack of trust underlies the regime’s approach to democratic rights. While it is true, as Landau indicates, that Cuba recently signed the UN covenants on human rights and labor, there is no evidence to suggest that the Cuban government intends to amend the constitution and laws of the country to comply with these new international commitments. This may happen only to the extent that the open protests from below that began in 2007 grow in strength and intensity and become national in scope. In the last analysis, it is only through the efforts of independent popular organizations that the majority of the people can defend themselves against the privileges and abuses that erode their civil rights and liberties. The same applies to maintaining the equality and sharing that are indispensable to socialism.
However, the issue is not about equally sharing poverty but sharing in an improved standard of living for all. Landau seems worried about whether Cubans will “succumb to the shiny lure of mass consumerism.” Besides being premature, such a judgment lacks any sense of proportion and is thus insensitive to the huge differences between Cubans on the island and the far wealthier North American consumers. “Consuming” for the majority of Cubans on the island is not primarily about the purchase of sophisticated electronic goods but the daily struggles of trying to obtain scarce construction materials to fix either their leaking or collapsing roofs, eating adequately without having to spend endless hours and scarce hard currency securing food, and acquiring the expensive and sometimes hard-to-get soap and other toiletries that are so essential to human self-respect and dignity in a modern society.
A socialism without democracy and civil liberties, where equality is limited to sharing poverty, is little different from a beehive with a Queen Bee in command. In such a society individualism would surely be eliminated, except for the Queen Bee’s, but so would political pluralism and individuality, which is not the same thing as individualism.
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Learning in Different Social Contests
This paper aims at analysing the effects of learning on the individual behaviour in an experiment that requires cooperation and coordination within teams. Using artificial agents, different social contests are created, as training environments. The results confirm previous findings (on the tendency to repeat the strategies that proved to be successful and to apply them also in other situations) and propose new hypothesis. Learning is not only based on a mechanical repetition of past choices, but also on reflection, imitation and on the attitude to build a model of the world. Besides the paper empirically tests the role of satisfaction in the routinization (this is one of the first empirical attempt of this kind). The training in an unfair and difficult environment leads some individuals to reinforce also strategies that have not been successful, but that involved emotions. Another contest seems not to determine detectable effects.
|Date of creation:||14 May 2004|
|Date of revision:|
|Note:||Type of Document - pdf; pages: 22. Paper prepared for the Conference 'Cross-Fertilization Between Economics and Psychology', Sabe and Iarep joint meeting, Philadelphia, July, 2004 Session Number F1 “Cognitive Economics 1” A preliminary version of this paper has been presented at the II Conference of the Italian Association for Cognitive Economics, held in Ivrea (To), March, 2004|
|Contact details of provider:|| Web page: http://econwpa.repec.org|
When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:wpa:wuwpga:0405008. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.
For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: (EconWPA)
If references are entirely missing, you can add them using this form.
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Thermal Spray to Occupy Title Role in the Coatings Market with its Numerous Benefits
Posted On October 17, 2020
Overpassing the conventional means of coatings, innovative procedures, and novel functionalities are getting combined to enhance the field of coatings. Thermal coatings fall under the category of one such smart coating procedure that has been broadly escalating these days.
Since the past decade, the smart thermal coating has become the talk of the town, owing to its greatly sophisticated and optimized procedure. It has now evolved to be a cost-efficient and consistent technique applying dense coatings with a wide variety of substrates and raw materials. Thus, thermal-sprayed coatings have turned out to be a crucial element for the fields, including automotive, production, aerospace, electricity, and numerous other industries.
Various Advantages Associated With the Smart Thermal Spray Coating
The thermal spray procedure carries the potential to convert a large variety of materials, including alloy, metal, polymer, plastic, and ceramic, into high-quality coatings. Moreover, it also supports substance in the form of wire, rod, and powder. In addition to that, the selection of the coating material can also be done based on the functions conducted by the substrate to make an ideal combination.
Anything and everything carrying the capability to bear the heat can be used for thermal spray coating. On the other hand, a large variety of thermal spray coating processes are also available that can be performed at lower temperatures, thereby broadening the coatings range for substrate materials.
An effective and durable thermal spray coating, along with extending the lifespan, also enhances the quality of the substrate by protecting it against decomposition, erosion, and numerous other surface damages. The thermal spraying process enables a much denser coating, unlike other coating procedures. As a result, the substrate gets a potent barrier against all destructible damages.
Repairing a worn-out object by applying a smart thermal coating over it proves to be a cost-efficient process than replacing the entire thing. Moreover, a complete waste-less experience is offered by this process, unlike all other exorbitant coating procedures.
Several factors, such as improved standard of living in the developing economies, expenditure capacity of consumers and an upsurge in the disposable income contribute to the growth of the Global Thermal Spray Coating Market. Furthermore, the increasing production rate and growing demand for vehicles skyrocket the market demand. Besides, developments and advancements in the automotive sector have also escalated the demand.
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The increasing reliance on cloud underscores the role data centers play in ensuring services delivered over the Web are available and accessible at all times.
I invited this week's Tech Podium guest blogger, T. Rajan, to provide some insights on what goes on behind the scenes in managing a data center.
Rajan, technical director at Basis Bay Properties, is a certified electrical engineer and has over 20 years of experience in building services design and consulting. He has spent the past five years specializing in data center design with Basis Bay, helping to design, build and operate the company's Tier III and Tier IV data centers in Cyberjaya and Glenmarie, Malaysia.
Established in Malaysia in1996, Basis Bay currently has direct presence in 11 locations across Asia-Pacific and Europe including Singapore, Hong Kong and the Philippines. Its clientele includes organizations from the financial services industries such as banks and insurance companies. The company operates several data centers including the 70,000 square feet, Tier IV facility located in Cyberjaya, which offers network operation center (NOC), co-location and disaster recovery services, among others.
The day-to-day running of a data center in the present economic situation is challenging enough to push the capabilities of managers and administrators to the maximum and ensure that the facility is operating according to industry best practices.
The emergence of competitors and new data center players in the Asian region has pushed the efficiency bar further a notch to keep data centers operating and delivering at the optimal level. Expectations are as high as operating a five-star hotel.
My experience in managing Basis Bay's data center facility starts from my involvement in the construction of the data center from ground zero through to the management of its operations. There is a fine line that separates IT and facilities management, and sometimes they do occasionally overlap, causing confusion. Hence, it is best to identify and segregate upfront tasks related to IT from tasks related to facility management prior to starting your business operations.
The existence of standard operating procedures (SOPs) for operating a data center must be in place for all who are involved in the operations. Emphasis should be on providing maximum security with regard to entry into the facility by identifying every customer--internal and external--vendor, contractor as well as employee that has this access. Accessibility to the data center itself should be monitored separately from the facility and privy only to the designated resources.
The daily operations involve managing individual SLA (service level agreement) that has been committed to customers, be it internal or external, and making sure that power to IT equipment is monitored 24-7 with the proper management tools such as the building management system, environmental monitoring system and central monitoring system. The consumption of power is crucial to determine that power to the IT equipment is sufficient under any circumstance, and this is easily done by performing a quick daily, weekly and monthly threshold reading of available power from the UPS (uninterruptible power supply) and the utility company.
Cooling the data center environment is equally important and like power consumption, it must be monitored round-the-clock and ensured that the operating temperature and humidity are within the acceptable range. Hot spots are a real challenge and without the proper tools it is not possible to identify them all.
At Basis Bay, we ensure that the "hot aisle/cold aisle" configuration is deployed at all times to maximize cooling of the servers. We also check that the access floor is free from obstacles that may be preventing the necessary cold air from being delivered to the respective IT equipment. We encountered these problems recently and performed some minor adjustments to eliminate this problem, both above and below the raised flooring.
High density racks need to be treated differently, as they require more cooling than the standard low-density racks, via the deployment of higher-percentage perforated floor boards with damper control.
It is also advisable to check the air-flow coming out through these floor boards simply by placing a measurement object over the board and raising it slowly to see how far the air is blowing up into the racks.
The issues I highlighted are different from other data centers as I discovered during my assessment of our other facilities in the region where, for example, "hot spots" might be caused by other factors and require additional monitoring such as checking whether the CRAC (computer room air conditioner) unit is working to its maximum capacity.
The facility team has to conduct preventive maintenance on all mechanical and electrical equipment on a regular basis, while ensuring that the data center is managed properly. The cooperation between the IT and facility departments must be seamless while, concurrently, executives at the management level including the CIO, CFO and CEO should be advised accordingly.
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"Our philosophy is to begin with an environment that encourages, supports and reinforces positive behavior in children. If and when a child behaves inappropriately, we will use a number of methods to further encourage positive behavior. Depending on the individual child and situation we use a variety of methods. We use redirection, positive reinforcement, logical consequences and offering choices. We attempt to focus our energy on recognizing the positive behavior in all children, rewarding and giving them attention for it.
This, in turn, encourages positive behavior, increases the child's self-esteem, and sets a good example for others to follow. We encourage parents to share their methods with us so that we can all try to work together to form a consistent form of guidance between home and school. Consistency works the best with children!
Excerpted from the preschool's website
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The AGRICULTURAL STORAGE MARKET OPPORTUNITIES – MALAWI tool allows users to explore the potential market opportunities for agricultural storage facilities in Malawi. Users can select from a number of crop layers and view the current production levels for the selected district, point or polygon. Additionally, users can view the number of small and medium enterprises within the area. Users can define current storage capacities, storage utilization ratios, future changes in production and future utilization ratios to explore the future storage need and storage market opportunities. The data used here comes from acdivoca.org and HarvestChoice, 2011. “Agricultural production, yield and harvested area (2000).” International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC., and University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN. Available online at http://harvestchoice.org/maps.
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Three Words of Self Doubt
You're not serious about your goal if you use one of these three words.
People confuse desire with determination. You may well like to run a marathon. Whether you do or not will depend not on whether you desire that achievement, but whether you are committed to it and are determined to succeed. How much do you want to achieve it? How motivated are you? You say you want to realize your ambition – but how serious are you? I can tell you one thing for sure – the chance that you will reach your goal is not predicated on your genuine interest in that achievement but on whether you can muster real drive and enthusiasm.
Dearly wishing for something is not the same as being dead serious about accomplishing it.
I know people who would love to start their own business or write a book, and I don’t doubt their sincerity. I also don’t doubt that it will never happen. Why? Because dearly wishing for something is not the same as being dead serious about accomplishing it. Only when an idea changes from a dream to a concrete goal, complete with a detailed plan of action, will things start to happen. Why do so many truly great ideas prove unsuccessful? A key reason is that in our own minds we are undermining ourselves; we are subverting our own success. Are we prepared to believe in ourselves?
Your choice of words has the ability to reveal what you are really thinking. Here are three words to look out for: If, Try and But. Use them and you may get caught red-handed practicing self-doubt. These expressions usually indicate that you don’t believe what you are saying, so what chance do you have of bringing your goal to fruition?
IF – “If I finally manage to get my act together, I will have an amazing business plan.” “If?” What kind of language is that? I thought you were serious? Not if – When! I thought you said it was a great plan? So why start with “If”? I have no idea what your business plan says, but if you don’t wholeheartedly go for it, there’s an excellent chance it will remain one big “if.”
If is iffy. Ban that word! “If” can imply choice, but often it simply means that you doubt it will ever happen. Our Sages say (Talmud Kiddushin 40a) that God regards a positive intention as if it were an action. Why? Because if you have serious intent, it will most likely result in action. Any disbelief – whether in God or yourself – is problematic. Is there something you would like to do? Then do it! On various occasions in the Bible, the Hebrew word for “if” (“im”) actually means “when” – I guess “if” is not always an option.
TRY – “I will try to get my office sorted out before I am literally submerged under my papers.” What do you mean by “try”? Are you or are you not going to clear out your office? No one in the history of the planet has ever tried to clean out his office – he either did or he didn’t.
The word “try” presupposes failure. The word “try” is often used when there is an expectation of defeat. You are not going to try to tackle your office deluge – you “will” tackle it! I cannot guarantee you’ll succeed, but I can guarantee that if you try to do it, you won’t. You don’t try to do your accounts – you just do it. To achieve a goal, don’t try; just do. As Yoda said in The Empire Strikes Back: “Do, or do not. There is no ‘try.’“ R. Menachem Mendel of Kotzk (1767-1859), known as the Kotzker Rebe, said: “To say, ‘I wish to do it,’ is a bad trait; to say, ‘I will do it’ is better; to say ‘I am doing it’ is a good trait.” With God’s help, you will succeed.
BUT – “I am committed to working my way through this computer manual, but I need to get a few things sorted out first.” The word “but” is the verbal equivalent of the reverse gear in your car. It negates whatever is said before. “But” is a great eraser. It rubs out whatever positive intentions you had expressed previously.
If a friend says to you: “Goldie, you’re looking great today, but it’s a shame about the hairstyle,” she would have been better saying nothing. When someone says, “Yes, but…” you know the emphasis is on the “but,” not the “yes.” When you are expressing your positive affirmation, there is no “but.” Don’t use the word again.
Changing your language is not a panacea, but it is an essential ingredient. When we speak, even if no one listens to a word we say, the brain pays close attention. It registers the caveats, the hesitation, the doubt. It sends out a message to your body: don’t overexert yourself; this guy’s not serious.
So start speaking as if you mean it. No ifs ands or buts.
Excerpted from There Must Be a Better Way, by Yossi Ives
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Most kids love a tall glass of milk, mac and cheese, and dessert. But for some, their love for noshing is causing more than just a sugar rush—it’s actually causing a disease.
It’s what pediatric otolaryngologist Dr. Julie L. Wei calls ‘Milk and Cookie Disease.’
What is Milk and Cookie Disease?
Wei spent years treating children who were otherwise healthy, but had chronic runny and stuffy noses, coughs, sore throats, constipation, and fatigue. When the children weren’t improving on prescription medications, Wei – who practices at Nemours Children’s Hospital in Orlando, Fla. – started asking questions.
She discovered that in many cases, her patients were eating lots of dairy and sugar throughout the day and snacking right before bedtime. This food was likely backing up into the stomach, the esophagus, and the throat and causing reflux, cold- and allergy-like symptoms, and sleep problems.
Wei recommended her patients eliminate all dairy and sugar before bedtime, and their symptoms improved significantly. “That’s why I call it the ‘Milk and Cookie Disease,’ because I believe so many American children may be suffering from these symptoms for the same reason,” she said.
A growing problem
Kids are sitting down less for meals and snacking more than ever. In fact, about 25 percent of children snack after dinner, according to a survey by the American Dietetic Association Foundation.
Wei estimates approximately 50 to 75 percent of children have Milk and Cookie Disease, eating lots of dairy and sugar, as well as snacking before bedtime. They are otherwise healthy but have these symptoms without any other medical reason.
Five-year-old Jonathan Giambrone is one of these children. A heavy snorer since he was a baby, his enlarged tonsils and adenoids made it difficult to sleep. “It was really hard for him to take in a breath; he sounded like Darth Vader,” said Becky Giambrone, Jonathan’s mother of Winter Park, Fla.
Eating also became such a chore that he would pick foods that were easy to swallow, like yogurt, smoothies, applesauce and cottage cheese. And every night he would drink chocolate milk before going to sleep.
Yet all this dairy and sugar was actually causing reflux, which made it even harder for him to breath. After learning about Wei, Giambrone cut down on Jonathan’s nighttime snacking and allowed him to drink only water before bedtime. “In a three week period, we noticed a substantial difference,” she said. Jonathan also had his tonsils and adenoids removed two weeks ago, which Giambrone hopes will make even more of a difference.
If you think your child may have Milk and Cookie Disease, here’s what you can do:
Make a doctor’s appointment
If your child’s symptoms are lingering or not improving with medication, Wei suggests seeing a pediatric or general Ear, Nose and Throat doctor who can check for enlarged adenoids or tonsils, rule out any other medical condition, and recommend surgery if necessary.
Keep a food journal
“We’re busy people; no one’s really thinking about what their kids are eating,” said Wei. She found that parents are often surprised by how much dairy and sugar their kids are eating each day when they started to keep track of it.
Stop the bedtime snack habit
Your child shouldn’t have any snacks 90 minutes to two hours before bedtime to avoid food sitting in the stomach before bed. Nix all milk, juice, soda, and snacks with dairy and sugar – and offer water only.
Avoid or minimize dairy and sugar in the evening
Your kid can still enjoy ice cream, but he should eat it after school – not after dinner.
Offer healthy snacks only
If your kid is still hungry after dinner, rather than a bowl of cereal, offer healthier options like a banana or whole grain crackers, which are less acidic.
A balanced diet filled with fiber rich foods like fruits and vegetables and whole grains can relieve constipation. A laxative can temporarily help too, but if your kid isn’t getting better, it’s best to talk with your doctor. “You really have to unclog the plumbing if you want to minimize the problem up top,” Wei said.
Julie Revelant is a health journalist and a consultant who provides content marketing and copywriting services for the healthcare industry. She's also a mom of two. Learn more about Julie at revelantwriting.com.
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photo courtesy of Cambria
Whether you’re the next aspiring Top Chef or a kitchen novice, selecting the best countertop material for your kitchen space can be a daunting task. Do you covet the sleek appearance of granite, or would you rather opt for Corian or a durable, long-lasting stone-synthetic composite, like Formica’s Crystalite? Consider also a green alternative, such as stainless steel, concrete, paper composite, recycled plastic or cambria, a durable, non-porous, all-natural quartz.
In the past, identifying a countertop material could be an easy decision based on your budget. Now, however, DoItYourself.com writer Katherine Salant reports that many countertops are within a similar price range. And even if you choose a less expensive alternative, such as plastic laminate, major manufacturers still offer hundreds of colors and patterns.
In addition to identifying the most popular types of countertop materials, Salant lists the inherent problems of each surface–granite, for instance, requires periodic resealing. (And from personal experience, white countertops require constant cleaning and an arsenal of scrubbing supplies!)
Other countertop resources include a top 10 list, complete with pros and cons; more information on green alternatives; and a thorough overview of several materials, complete with installation suggestions.
More kitchen countertop help:
Kitchen Countertop Decisions
Transform Your Formica Countertops
Install Concrete Countertops
DIY Granite Countertops
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A group of young migrants were the first to be moved from Greek islands to mainland Europe under new plans to rapidly relocate illegal aliens due to supposed concerns about the spread of coronavirus.
Twelve 'unaccompanied children' were brought to Luxembourg on Wednesday, marking the first wave of over 1,000 transfers set to take place across Europe.
"Another group of 50 children is expected to fly from Athens to Germany on Saturday, and 20 more will head to Switzerland at a later date. Greece hopes to relocate some 1,600 unaccompanied minors in the coming months," Reuters reports.
"The children relocated on Wednesday were aged between 11 and 15. Ten were from Afghanistan and two from Syria."
There are reportedly over 5,200 'migrant children' currently living in Greece, most of whom hail from Africa and the Middle East.
“Greece faces a crisis within a crisis; migration and the pandemic together,” said Greece's deputy migration minister Giorgos Koumoutsakos.
“The combination makes an already difficult situation even more so, and more complex.”
Migrants in Europe claiming to be underage have frequently been found to be grown adults.
Greece's eastern islands have suffered the brunt of an endless migration flow that rapidly escalated again during the second half of 2019, as Infowars Europe has regularly reported.
Dr. Shiva Ayyadurai joins The Alex Jones Show to break down who is behind the criminal takeover of society.
(PHOTO: ORESTIS PANAGIOTOU/POOL/AFP via Getty Images)Dan Lyman: Follow @CitizenAnalyst
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UC scientists are deep-freezing molecules. Here's why they're so excited about it
Over the next five years, the University of Cincinnati’s College of Medicine is creating a cool cutting-edge space to study the “images of life.”
The way the Center for Advanced Structural Biology (CASB) will do that is through cryo-EM, or electric microscopy. This structural biology methodology gained a lot of attention following the 2017 Nobel Prize awards for chemistry. Cryo-EM is valuable for studying any kind of proteins that are related to any kind of human disease.
What is it and why do scientists do it?
Researchers can prepare and image samples at very cold temperatures to visualize them in a near-native hydrated state. This helps them get a look at proteins at the atomic level.
“We’re actually visualizing a single protein,” says Rhett Kovall, Ph.d., of the Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, who has helped get the funding and plan the cryo-EM facility in the CASB. “This is quite different from other structural techniques where you don’t get this direct visualization.”
For research scientist and facility manager Desiree Benefield, Ph.d., it’s valuable for studying any kind of proteins that are related to human disease. She first learned about cryo-EM in graduate school.
“I just fell in love with it because you could actually see the science,” she says. “It wasn’t a clear liquid in a tube or a band on a gel — you were looking at your question, which is really exciting to me.”
The samples are flash-frozen with a Vitrobot (specimen preparation unit) and then scientists study them on the Talos L120C Transmission Electron Microscope. In this video, Benefield shows how it all works.
The $1.5 million to buy the equipment came from Research 2030 as part of a JobsOhio grant.
Eventually, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, the University of Kentucky and Miami University will have access to UC’s equipment.
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Two years after a coroner ruled that more lives are at risk if safety work doesn't take place to control high winds around Yorkshire's tallest building, improvements still haven't begun.
Doctor Edward Slaney from Sowerby Bridge died after a lorry was blown onto him near Bridgewater Place in Leeds.
CPPI which owns the building says it's working closely with Leeds City Council to finalise a safety program.
Commuters are being warned that Bridgewater Place in Leeds could be closed later this morning.
High winds are expected in the area and Leeds City Council say roads around the building could be shut as a safety precaution.
The Bridgewater Place junction in Leeds is to close at 4pm today due to forecasts of increasingly high winds. It is expected to reopen at 10pm.
From 2pm diversion signs will be operating for high-sided vehicles. When the road reopens at 10pm these signs will again be operational until midnight.
Leeds City Council will continue to monitor the wind conditions and further updates will be issued as necessary.
A detailed design scheme aimed at tackling problems with high winds at Bridgewater Place in Leeds will be considered by councillors next week.
Leeds City Council’s City Plans Panel is being recommended by officers to approve a complex scheme submitted by the building’s owners CPPI Bridgewater Place Limited to reduce the impact of high winds on pedestrians and traffic in the area.
They are seeking approval for a solution that combines screens and canopies- on the building itself and in the surrounding area- and a series of perforated “baffles”- described as being similar in design to aircraft wings- at least six metres above the road.
Bridgewater Place junction will be closed from 4pm this afternoon, as winds of up to 60 mph are expected to hit.
The council say anyone working in the area may want to consider staggering journeys home and people should be aware that pedestrians as well as traffic will be diverted from the junction of Water Lane, Victoria Road and Neville Street.
It is expected that the diversions will be in place until the early hours of the morning, sometime between 2am-4am.
Video Credit: Lee Collings Photography
Severe winds have been knocking over pedestrians around Bridgewater Place in Leeds.
The road was closed to cars around Yorkshire's tallest building this morning.
It comes days after a coroner said action needed to be taken after a lorry blew over outside the building, crushing a man to death in 2011.
Thousands of drivers in Leeds have faced huge delays this morning, because of road closures in the city centre.
The Council chose to close the road past the Bridgewater Place tower - the tallest building in Yorkshire - after predictions wind speeds in the area could reach 75mph.
Surrounding roads are still congested as drivers try to find alternative routes.
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Cookie & Ad Policy
What Are Cookies?
Cookies are small files containing an identifier that are stored on your browser or device.
There are different types of cookies. Cookies served by the entity that operates the domain you are visiting are called “first party cookies.” Cookies served by companies that are not operating the domain you’re visiting are called “third party cookies.”
Canary also uses other identification technologies, such as pixel tags (also called clear GIFs, web beacons, or pixels) which are small blocks of code on a webpage or app that allow them to read and place cookies or transmit information to us or our partners. The resulting connection can include information such as a device’s IP address, the time a person viewed the pixel, an identifier associated with the browser or device, and the type of browser being used. Local storage is an industry-standard technology that allows a website or app to store and retrieve data on a person’s computer, mobile phone or other device. Some examples include device or HTML5 local storage and caching.
Most web browsers are set to accept cookies by default. You can usually choose to set your browser to remove or reject browser cookies. To do so, follow the instructions provided by your browser which are usually located within the "Help" or “Preferences” menu. Some third parties also provide the ability to refuse their cookies directly by clicking on an opt-out link located on their website.
It is important to note that some cookies and other technologies is essential in providing the Services to you, so you should be aware that if you choose to refuse or remove cookies, this could affect the availability and functionality of the Services.
Removing or rejecting cookies does not necessarily affect third-party flash cookies which may be used by us or our partners in connection with our Services. To delete or disable flash cookies please visit this site for more information. For further information about cookies, including how to see what cookies have been set on your device and how to manage and delete them, you can visit www.allaboutcookies.org and www.youronlinechoices.eu.
Types and Purposes of Cookies
The following table sets out the different categories of cookies that our Services use and why we use them. The lists of third party cookie providers are intended merely as illustrative not comprehensive.
1. Features and Services
2. Analytics and research
- Crazy Egg
- Google Analytics
Third Party Ad Networks & Opt-Out Options
We use third parties to display advertisements on other websites. Through a process called “retargeting,” also known as “remarketing,” network advertisers place a cookie on your browser that allows us to show you ads on other websites based on your previous activity on our site.
Our third party vendors, including Google, use first party cookies (such as the Google Analytics cookie) and third party cookies (such as the DoubleClick cookie) together to inform, optimize, and serve ads based on someone's past visits to our website. We also use Google Analytics Demographics and Interest Reporting, to tailor advertisements relevant to you based on demographic information such as age, gender, and interests.
You may, however, opt-out of many third party ad networks, including those operated by members of the Network Advertising Initiative (“NAI”), the Digital Advertising Alliance (“DAA”), and the European Interactive Digital Advertising Alliance (“EDAA”). For more information regarding your choices regarding having this information used by these companies, including how to opt-out of third party ad networks, please visit their respective websites: www.networkadvertising.org/optout_nonppii.asp (NAI); www.aboutads.info/choices (DAA) and www.youronlinechoices.eu (EDAA).
Opting out of one or more member networks only means that those members no longer will deliver targeted content or ads to you. It does not mean you will no longer receive any targeted content or ads on other websites. You may continue to receive advertisements, for example, based on the particular website that you are viewing.
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This weekend could mark a turning point in the history of Formula 1 and perhaps even in the history of modern motor racing. The eagerly awaited British Grand Prix will take place and will include a new format including a second race to complement the main event.
This is an unprecedented event as, for the first time in history, the grand prix will not be the only F1 race on a world championship weekend.
We are referring to the nascent “sprint qualifying”, a shorter race that will take place on Saturday afternoon and will decide the grid for the conventional race on Sunday.
The length of this innovative race will be just over 100km (or about one third of the distance of a grand prix) and its starting order will be determined in a normal qualifying session, scheduled for Friday afternoon.
There will be over 17 laps, the choice of tyres for the start will be completely free and pit stops for different compunds will not be mandatory.
This modification to the traditional format has been made with the aim of providing a greater competitive jeopardy to the drivers which in turn gives the event a “spicier” feel and attracts more interest.
So far, drivers have given a cautious welcome to this new and risky idea.
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Living in harmony with agriculture and animal husbandry
Minsur has a deep commitment to the preservation of our environment. Therefore we have equipped all our operations to deliver the highest standards of environmental management.
We carry out mining operations using eco-friendly technology and care for the local landscape, water, flora and fauna. Not only do we meet the national environmental standards, but we exceed them and we pursue a policy of transparency in our management of the environment.
In San Rafael, we carry out daily checks of the water and treat the tailings to return water in good condition to the river, which the local villagers use in livestock management and agriculture with excellent results.
In Pucamarca our operations do not use a single drop of water that supplies the city of Tacna. We operate using the Azufre River groundwater, unfit for human consumption or for agriculture, which we then recirculate and reuse. Neither do we dump effluent or generate tailings.
Our Pisco Foundry plant is equipped with a modern monitoring system to control emissions and the chimneys only discharge water vapor rather than smoke.
Together we can build a better world for future generations.
Categorizado en: Contenido de Pagina Ingles
Esta entrada fue escrita poradministrator
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Indonesia, the world's most populous Muslim nation, has been quietly cooperating with the U.S.-led anti-terrorism effort. But the nation's internal problems have hampered the effort.
Singapore and Malaysia have announced several arrests in connection with the global crackdown on terrorism. The Philippines has welcomed hundreds of American soldiers to conduct joint exercises to help the Philippine army track down people with links to the al-Qaida terrorist network.
But Indonesia has been different. Beyond President Megawati Sukarnoputri's visit to the White House last September and her statements of support for the anti-terrorism fight, her government has been noticeably quiet about its efforts to capture terrorist suspects on its territory.
The vice president of the U.S. Indonesia Society, Dan Getz, says it makes sense that Indonesia's approach has been lower-key than its neighbors'.
"Indonesia has extremely porous borders, and Indonesia lacks the capacity in terms of security to guard those borders with a navy or air force or army," he said. "Indonesia is 90 percent Muslim. Singapore is a much more multi-ethnic state, and, for example, the Philippines is predominantly Christian with a Muslim minority. Malaysia is majority Muslim, but has a much stronger government. So for those reasons those three neighbors of Indonesia can cooperate in the global war on terrorism."
Mr. Getz, whose organization is aimed at promoting understanding of Indonesian affairs in the United States, says the media has portrayed Indonesia as dragging its feet. That may have been true in the early months, he says, when President Megawati was under pressure not to take part in what some Indonesians misunderstood as a war against Islam. But, Mr. Getz says, Indonesia has come a long way in the last six months and is doing the best it can in contributing to the war on terrorism.
Indonesia specialist, Dan Lev, at the University of Washington, says President Megawati understands the threat posed internationally and domestically by radical Islamic fundamentalists. But Professor Lev says she is likely concerned that efforts by the army or intelligence agents to round up suspects could cause more social unrest.
"It wouldn't surprise me if by chance they actually reported to Megawati, [and] Megawati would say, 'Oh my God, let's not get a whole bunch of Muslims very angry again. But on the other hand, let's collaborate or let's cooperate with the United States to prove that we're not against them,'" he says. The Washington Post reported this week that Indonesian intelligence agents captured and extradited to Egypt a Pakistani man with suspected links to al-Qaida. The Post says the secret transfer occurred in January at the request of the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency.
Dan Getz says that is one example of how Indonesia is quietly cooperating. In addition, he says Indonesia has made progress on tracking assets of suspected terrorist groups and has shared intelligence with the United States. But Mr. Getz, says President Megawati is engaged in a balancing act.
"Megawati and her government are proceeding at a pace and with a level of aggression to rein in these radical organizations with some caution. And it's understandable that she do so in order to maintain political stability. There [are] efforts that are made especially by the security apparatus so as not to appear anti-Islamic," Mr. Getz says.
Mr. Getz says the anti-terrorism campaign is only part of a complex mix of pressing problems confronting the Megawati government. He points to political differences among the parties that make up her coalition government, as well as a huge national debt, high rates of inflation and unemployment. In addition, the Indonesian army is dealing with violent separatist movements, and communal and religious conflicts.
According to Dan Lev, President Megawati is not able to do much about the terrorist threat or any other problem because Indonesia is in what he calls a state of substantial breakdown and government institutions just don't work. "They have been extraordinarily corrupt," he said. "They have not been oriented at all to their functional responsibilities. They have been oriented rather to collecting money."
Professor Lev does not blame President Megawati for the problems. He says the only Indonesian leader able to make things work was President Suharto who kept the country stable, but at great cost to the Indonesian people in terms of civil liberties and human rights.
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You’d be amazed at what you can say without uttering a word. Your body can speak wonders about your thoughts, attitudes, and focus. Body language is a very important thing to pay attention to at all times. Your body language can even play a factor in whether you get hired or not.
How are you sitting right now? What does it say about you? Are you an attentive, trustworthy, outgoing, focused person? Or are you a lazy, unkempt, cranky punk? What would other people think of you?
Now take a look at the people around you. In your head, what’s your first impression of them based solely on their body language? What do you notice? Hopefully, just by observing yourself and others you’ll be able to note that body language offers a good glimpse into what you really stand for.
Can you guess what body language people notice?
- Poor Posture – Posture is important for both your body language and your health. You’ve probably heard school teachers tell you to stand up straight. They didn’t do it just to hear themselves speak. They said it to help you get a job later in life. Now is the time to fix your posture. Trust us. It’s important.
- Bad Handshake – The biggest factor in handshaking is your grip strength. If you shake hands like a wet noodle, you’re in big trouble. You’ve had a bad handshake before so you know what it feels like. Here are some handshaking tips if you need some practice.
- Lack of Eye Contact – It’s annoying when people don’t look you in the eye. You don’t have to lock on to their eyes and never look away, but you do need to make eye contact throughout a conversation. It shows that you are attentive and confident.
- Distraction – If you’re easily distracted this can be hard. People (especially recruiters) want you to stay focused. Don’t move around to much or constantly check the time on your iPhone. Remember to breath and keep your focus.
- Lack of Facial Expression – Facial expressions are one of the most telling body language signs. When you smile, frown, raise an eyebrow, or nod your head it shows that you’re a part of the conversation.
- Fidgeting – Sit still. Fidgeting is said to show a lack of power. Don’t play with your hair, twirl a pencil, tap your foot, or touch your ears. Stay cool, calm, and collected. You can fidget as much as you want after you land the job (or at home!)
There is an interesting book called The Power of Body Language by Tonya Reiman. If you’re truly interested in how your body language plays a role in how you present yourself, then this is a must read.
It’s important to remember how much our body says. Your body language can speak volumes about who you are and where your mind is at. Pay attention to your body language. Try to keep your body language as professional as possible. It will pay off in your job hunt.
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From the Oval Office Monday, President Obama, sitting alongside Attorney General Loretta Lynch, announced a new round of executive gun control actions he says are "well within my legal authority."
The president assured that even the strictest Second Amendment-rights advocate would stand behind his proposals:
It is my strong belief that for us to get our complete arms around the problem, Congress needs to act. What I asked my team to do is to see what more we could do to strengthen our enforcement and prevent guns from falling into the wrong hands.
The good news is, is that these are not only recommendations that are well within my legal authority and the executive branch, but they're also ones that the overwhelming majority of American people, including gun owners, support and believe in.
Then, just as soon as he announced that these initiatives aim to prevent guns falling into the wrong hands, Obama admits guns will still fall into the wrong hands:
We have to be very clear that this is not going to solve every violent crime in this country. It's not going to prevent every mass shooting. It's not going to keep every gun out of the hands of a criminal. It will, potentially, save lives in this country and spare families the pain and extraordinary loss that they've suffered as a consequence of a firearm in the hands of the wrong people.
Despite this contradiction, and ignoring that fact that more laws have never stopped criminals from breaking them, the president said with confidence, "The recommendations that are being made by my team, here, are ones that are entirely consistent with the Second Amendment and people's lawful right to bear arms."
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What you'll learn
- Important concepts in probability theory including random variables and independence
- How to perform a Monte Carlo simulation
- The meaning of expected values and standard errors and how to compute them in R
- The importance of the Central Limit Theorem
In this course, part of our Professional Certificate Program in Data Science, you will learn valuable concepts in probability theory. The motivation for this course is the circumstances surrounding the financial crisis of 2007–2008. Part of what caused this financial crisis was that the risk of some securities sold by financial institutions was underestimated. To begin to understand this very complicated event, we need to understand the basics of probability.
We will introduce important concepts such as random variables, independence, Monte Carlo simulations, expected values, standard errors, and the Central Limit Theorem. These statistical concepts are fundamental to conducting statistical tests on data and understanding whether the data you are analyzing is likely occurring due to an experimental method or to chance.
Probability theory is the mathematical foundation of statistical inference which is indispensable for analyzing data affected by chance, and thus essential for data scientists.
You may also like
- OnlineLearn skills and tools that support data science and reproducible research, to ensure you can trust your own research results,...
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Over the past 15 years, research in biology, physics and engineering have created opportunities at the interface of these disciplines. It has also become evident that the principles of mechanical engineering can be applied to biology in the new field of “synthetic biology”.
Research in this area investigates how to design and build artificial, biological based machines using engineering principles and procedures. This is by taking molecular and sub-cellular components and the principles of naturally occurring biological systems. Then characterising and simplifying them. These components can then be used to engineer what would essentially be artificial (synthetic) biological materials, devices, machines and systems. Such development can be used for applications in medicine, energy, the environment and industry. There are two main areas of synthetic biology. One is the ‘top down’ approach. Here the cells genetic and protein synthesis systems are used – essentially a variation of genetic engineering. The second is the ‘bottom up’ approach. Here individual molecules or collections of molecules are used and assembled. These components could be taken from different species and combined together to produce a new device or machine that does not already exist in nature.
It is a considerable challenge to work at the molecular scale. The technologies of nano-imaging and manipulation of biological samples has progressed significantly. One can now image, characterise and manipulate biological molecules from the macro down to the nano-scale. Current microscopy techniques can use living samples and so the dynamic nature of cellular and molecular processes can be shown. Thus their behaviour can be predicted, quantified and used in ways not possible previously. These advanced techniques have made synthetic biology possible.
Internationally, synthetic biology is still in its early stages of development. The challenge is to integrate biological molecular components with each other and with non-biological components to yield new technologies. The initial focus being on bio-photonic, bio-nanodevices and molecular bio-materials. However considerable progress has been made in some areas – particularly in the more conventional ‘top down’ genetic engineering approach. This has mainly be due to the fact that this approach arose from an already existing established research methodology. Another significant stimulus came from the establishment of the systematic method developed at MIT using standardised components and chassis for how genes can be added to a genome. Alongside this was the introduction of the iGEM (internationally Genetically Engineered Machines) competition. This is a competition run by MIT primarily for undergraduate students. The competition grew rapidly from an initial few groups from MIT being involved to what is now a competition involving hundreds of groups and thousands of students from all around the world many from world leading Universities.
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You’re here to see the very first mockups for the new coloradocollege.edu – and we’ll get right to it! There are a few things to know about the following links:
- First, these are flat images, and not real, live Web pages. We have to simulate some interactivity at this stage, but we think it’s pretty easy to figure out the basics.
- Second, we’re only looking at a few variations on a homepage design, and some sketches of possible inside pages. Some of you who manage pages might not see something in here that fits your needs – but rest assured, there will be piles and piles of page designs to come!
- Finally, we need your ideas, enthusiasm, and feedback! Do you know a great course to feature, or an under-the-radar student photographer? Make sure to let us know.
So let’s go!
We’ll start with the most important part: how to get around.
Right now, much of the architecture of the CC site is based around its institutional structure. This can be confusing even for internal users, not to mention first-time visitors looking for the big picture. To help with this problem, none of the top 25 pages that tell you about Colorado College represent any one office or administrative unit. Instead, they are meant to be an introduction to that section, and to then guide users to relevant information and offices.
Full size: Navigation only
Next, emphasizing what makes us different.
Above the navigation band, there will be a space dedicated to highlighting the Block Plan, in real time. This area will feature a current course, related photograph, and links to learn more about the Block – including student-curated events and stories!
Full size: Homepage: Romanticism and Nature
Full size: Homepage: Featured Course expansion
Seconds after the page loads, the photos on the bottom split in the middle to reveal a few campus happenings.
Full size: Homepage: Neuropharmacology – Photos Open
Any photo can be clicked, and it will move to the top of the pile and show a caption. Any of these photos could also be play-in-place videos.
Full size: Homepage with photo caption
A special page, eight times a year.
On only the first day of the block, the area doubles to reveal more of the photo.
Full size: Homepage: First day of Block Five
And of course, adjusting accordingly for Block Break.
Full size: Block Break 1
Full size: Block Break 2
Styles and sketches for possible inside pages:
Full size: Student Activities
Full size: The Application Process
UPDATE: The video of the unveiling presentation is up — you can view it here: http://vimeo.com/17887527. Thanks to the students who helped with the video: Zane Bridgers and Sarah White for videography and editing and Ryan Loeffler for help with sound.
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One expects individuals to engage in virtue signalling, but sometimes institutions can do it as well. Today’s headline news: the Supreme Court has asked the Indian parliament to enact a new law to stop lynching.
This is so pointless. Lynching is already covered by the law. Beating people is already a crime. Killing is a crime. There are even laws under which the people who spread fake news on Whatsapp can be prosecuted. Exactly what will the new law cover that existing laws don’t already?
Our problem isn’t the laws that we have–though we do have some shitty laws–but the dual one of will and capacity. There are crimes that the state may not want to prosecute. And even when it does want to prosecute them, state capacity is not up to the task. These are the hard issues to tackle–and a Supreme Court diktat would make no difference in these areas.
If parliament does enact a new law to tackle lynching, it will be yet another new law that is never enforced. What we lack in India is not laws, but the rule of law.
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The “Word of the Cross”
God’s message to humanity
1st Cor 1:17.18 “The Word of the Cross is foolishness…”
Introduction: Years ago, a University student asked me the question,” what does the death of a 1st Century Jewish carpenter have to do with me living in the 21st Century?
That’s a worthy question. Even the disciples of Jesus had difficulty understanding what happened the day Jesus was crucified. To them the crucifixion was a tragedy, a massive defeat of all their hopes.
On the surface, it looked as though Christ’s death was the result of his being caught up in the religious politics of his day. Thus, one could say as Peter did in his sermon at Pentecost, that the Jews killed Jesus. He certainly held them responsible.
- Early on the Apostles blamed the Jews and the Sanhedrin. See Peter’s message in Acts 2:23 & Acts 3:13-14, Acts 4:10
- Early on the Apostles focused on the meanness of crucifixion, not the meaning of the Cross.
The book of acts shows us a slow, developing understanding of the meaning of Christ’s death.
The idea of “the cross” as theological truth comes later from Paul in 1st Co 1:17-18
Apply: It took 20 years for the early Church to hear the “word of the Cross.” Paul will teach them that God put Christ on that tree! God’s grace put him on the cross. Romans 3:24 says that in Christ’s death we were, “justified freely by His grace…”
Man, or human governments were not in control of the death of Christ. He (Jesus) was a “Lamb slain from the foundation of the world” Jesus said in John 10: “No man takes my life from me, I freely give it.” The “I freely give it” is God’s grace, a gift Therefore, since it was God the Father that put His Son on that tree- then that death has much to do with you and me, living in the 21st Century.
How Paul answers the Question about this 1st Century Jew’s death:
Paul uses five “Picture Words” from Roman & Jewish culture to explain the death of Christ. It took him years to really process what God was doing in allowing his Son to die on a cross, but when it was revealed to him, it became a message God was sending us from the cross.
1 – The 1st word picture from the Cross is “Redemption” –Freedom is the key idea.
The background of this word and its cognates-redeemed, redemption, ransom, is the ancient slave market. Even as Jesus was dying on that cross, somewhere there in Jerusalem, slaves were being bought and sold. The definition of “redeemed” might be to be freed from slavery by the payment of a ransom price. Jesus used this imagery of his own death when he said, “For the son of man did not come to be served, but to serve, and to give his life a “ransom’ for many.” (Mark 10:45) Slaves are redeemed from slavery by the purchase (ransom) price being paid. The imagery is that Satan “owned” the human race; The day Christ died there was a war going on to free the slaves! The ransom price to set sinners free is the sinless life of God’s Son for the sinful lives of the sons of Adam. Christ by his death paid the ransom to set us free. Sins are paid for -in full. Satan has no claim on the redeemed. They are slaves no more- but rather are freed sons of God.
The day Jesus died slaves of sin were being set free! The two key ideas in Redemption is forgiveness and freedom. (See Ephesians 1:7; Romans 3:24; Col.1:13, 14; 1st Peter 1:18, 19)
2 – The 2nd word picture from the cross is “Atonement” – Peace with God is the key idea
The background of “atonement” is the Jewish sacrificial system. Just a short distance from the crucifixion scene was the Temple where the blood of animals was being sacrificed as an appeasement to the wrath of God against sinners. The most often used words of Christ’s death are that he “atoned” for sin or that he made “propitiation” for sins by his blood being shed in our behalf. The NIV translates this word as “atoning sacrifice.” (see 1st John 2:2); while the KJV, NASV, and others translate it as “propitiation.” (see Romans 3:25) Atonement means “at one- meant.” The idea behind this atonement is peace with God. The entire Book of Leviticus is about atoning sacrifices being made as an offering for sins. Because God is Holy, he cannot be approached without blood sacrifice for sins. This explains why John the Baptist said of Jesus, “Behold the Lamb which God has provided, to take away the world’s sin.” Col 1:20 says, “through Him to reconcile all things to Himself, having made peace through the blood of His cross.” Rom 5:1 tells us that Christ’s death is our atonement that makes peace with God possible, by the “taking away “of sins. The background of this idea is the Day of Atonement in Jewish Culture. On this atonement day a scape goat is released by the High priest to symbolically carry away the nation’s sins for a year. (see Isaiah 53:6 and Hebrews 9 & 10)
This “peace with God” is made possible because the shred blood “cleanses, blots out, and removes the guilt caused sins. These are the words used by Scripture to describe what was happening the day Jesus died on the cross. Jesus is our scape goat and our God provided lamb that was slain for us, that we might have all guilt and shame blotted out and forever cleansed. Hebrews 9:22 says, “Without the shedding of Blood there is no redemption.”
You might ask, “Why does God require blood to remove guilt?” Scripture says that life is in the blood, and the pure (sinless) blood of Jesus is sacrificed for our sins. It was his life for our life, his blood for our life. Jesus blood is the atonement for Guilt and the removal of Guilt. Jesus death both propitiates and expiates our sins; meaning it provides a substitute sacrifice in our place and in so doing removes all our guilt and shame before the face of Holy God. This is the second reason the death of that 1st Century Jew has everything to do with you living in the 21st Century!
3 – The 3rd word picture from the Cross is “Justification” – the key idea is to be declared innocent
This word picture is from a Roman court room. Scripture often uses court room legal words like, “justified” or “justification” to describe what was really going on the day Christ died. God is the judge, we are the accused, and we have been found guilty.
Illust: The Cross event has these participants in the drama of a court room:
The Judge-= God
The judged= the sinner
The justifier= Jesus
the justified = those who believe!
Because of Jesus’ sacrifice on the cross, the issue of guilt is settled “out of court” The Cross is God’s court room! The righteous Judge of the universe now can look upon us “just as if I’d never sinned.” (justified). This is true because in Christ all sins are blotted out, forgiven and all guilt removed. Paul will say “there is now therefore no condemnation to those who are in Christ Jesus.” (see Romans 8:1-4) Later in Romans he says there is no charge against us in the court room of eternity:
‘Who will bring a charge against God’s elect, it is God who justifies…” (see Romans 8:31-34) The Judge has become our savior, our justifier and even our Father. These are the words often used to describe Christ’s death, words like “justification, and “justified.” God has declared us guiltless and innocent before the Law of God. What a glorious idea. We are not innocent, unless God says we are, and He says all who believe in this word of the Cross are declared not guilty!
4 – The 4th word picture from the Cross is “Reconciliation” – the Key idea is family and fellowship (see Romans 3:25, Romans 5:11, 2 Cor. 5:19)
This word picture comes from family life. It is best illustrated in the parable of the runaway son we call the prodigal. Recorded in Luke 15 is a beautiful “reconciliation story,” of a father who welcomes home his wayward son. In this story, God is the father whose son was lost and was returning from the far away country. The forgiving heart of the prodigal’s father is a picture of God reconciling the world unto himself through the death of his only begotten Son. God the Father sent His son to the cross, so we could be accepted back into His family. We are “adopted” in Christ, the sons of Adam can become sons of God by simply believing this word of the cross. (see Romans 8:14-16).
How amazing is this- the Judge has become our Father in Heaven when we believe this message from the cross.
Take Aways: “What does the death of a 1st Century Jew have to do with me?”
- Everything because you were there with Jesus on the Cross! Gal 2:20
- When Jesus died, our sins died and were buried with Him.
- We are declared innocent, though we are not, we are made guiltless, though we are guilty; We are set free from our bondage to sin; we have peace with God and are even adopted into God’s family.
- Yet we must not count all this as “foolishness (1st Cor 1:18) as unbelievers do. Our task is to believe this message from the cross. Our faith brings these marvelous truths into our reality of daily living. This word is the power of God to those who believe (1st Cor. 1:18) So-believe this Word of the Cross and live in freedom, peace, innocence and fellowship.
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Current Trends in the Propane Market
Jun 17, 2021
As the time has passed since our initial lockdown for the Covid-19 pandemic, states and businesses have begun to reduce restrictions on travel, gatherings and events. This is happening just over a year after we saw the lowest price per barrel of crude oil in the nation’s history, bottoming out at around -$40.00/barrel. This drastic change in demand for fuel has caused an astronomical price increase as we’ve transitioned back into a world more akin to daily life before the breakout of the Covid-19 virus.
While propane and crude oil prices aren’t directly correlated, it should be no surprise to you that the wholesale cost of propane has risen throughout the past 12 months as oil refineries reopen their plants to full capacity and attempt to satiate the rise in demand for fuel. Typically, we see a drop-off in propane prices throughout the summer months as a great majority of the country uses very little in comparison to the winter months. That is not the case this year. Over the past 6 months, we’ve seen a steady increase in wholesale propane prices of around 1-3%/week. This may not seem like much, but since June of last year, our cost of propane has risen over 125%.
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|City/Town: • Deland|
|Location Class: • Residential|
|Built: • 1911 | Abandoned: • 2008|
|Historic Designation: • Historic District (November 20, 1992)|
|Status: • Abandoned • Endangered|
|Photojournalist: • David Bulit|
The Dutton House
The John Dutton House is located in the West Deland Residential District, a historic district in Deland, Florida, added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 20, 1992. The district encompasses approximately 1,000 acres and contains 375 historic buildings. It is Deland’s oldest and most historic residential neighborhood with buildings dating back to 1884.
John Wesley Dutton was born on April 14, 1868, in Statesboro, Georgia. He was a prominent businessman who made his fortune in the turpentine and lumber business. Dutton also became a real estate developer later in life, starting the Westwood Subdivision in 1924 where a street, Dutton Avenue, was named after him. He began plans to build his mansion in 1908 when turpentine, lumber, and citrus were Central Florida’s main industries. The Classical-Revival style house was designed by Cairns & Fitchner, a local architectural firm, and is considered their greatest design.
Built in 1911 at the cost of $25,000, it was constructed under the supervision of local contractor Gus Lauman whose portfolio includes the 1925 Landis-Fish Building in downtown Deland. The two-story house features Corinthian Columns that supported tiered verandas, ceramic tiles on the roof and gable ends, and scroll brackets, modillions, and dentils along the frieze. The house also features a variety of exotic woods procured through Dutton’s business connections. He lived here with his wife, Lilla Hart Dutton, and their seven children until 1921. Dutton died on October 28, 1925, and is buried alongside his wife in Oakdale Cemetery.
In a letter written by Dorothy Douglass Dickey in May 1992, she explained how she and her family moved to Deland in 1918 and lived across the street from the College Arms Hotel, now the site of the College Arms Tower apartment building. In 1921, she wrote that her father traded their house for the Dutton family home. It’s not clear how long they lived in the house as she explains, “The last six years before I married my Stetson sweetheart, we lived in 7 states and 13 houses, three of which were in Deland. We left at the end of July 1924.”
Griffith-Stith Funeral Parlor
After the Douglass family moved out, it became known as the Griffith-Stith Funeral Parlor sometime around the 1920s. Jesse Milton Stith was born on August 19, 1868, in Hardin County, Kentucky, and died on February 24, 1955, and is buried in Oakdale Cemetery alongside his wife, Mercedes Stith. By the time of his death, Jesse M. Stith had retired as a funeral director and owned a furniture store where he presumably sold caskets.
The rest of his family was in the funeral business as well. His brother, Jack Achilles Stith, came to Deland in 1902 after graduating from the Louisville School of Embalming and practiced funeral directing and embalming in Deland for the next six years before moving to Atlanta. He opened the Stith Funeral Home in Danville, Kentucky in 1926. Around the same time, a relative of theirs by the name of Charles Bonar Stith began selling coffins out of his general store located in Butler, Kentucky, as well as practicing embalming and funeral directing within the community. It wouldn’t be long before he owned his own funeral homes in Alexandria and Dayton, Kentucky.
Colonial Guest Home
In later years, the Dutton house was converted into the Colonial Guest Home which rented rooms out to visiting tourists. Last known as the Colonial Arms Apartments, the city condemned the building for numerous code violations. First Union Bank, now Wells Fargo, foreclosed on the property in 1990 and was put up for sale for $129,000. When no buyer could be found, First Union applied for a demolition permit in 1993 which was approved by the Deland City Commission. Just before its impending destruction, Peter Warrick, a publishing executive from Fort Lauderdale, purchased the home for $90,000.
Future Plans and Preservation
With plans to restore the home, Warrick soon fell ill and asked the City of Deland to take over the restoration of the house. The City felt a non-profit organization would be a better fit for its restoration and in 1995, Historic Deland Inc. was established. The group was awarded several grants through the state which allowed restoration to resume. By 2005, the organization’s board of directors had diminished and a new board was established, in turn changing the name from Historic Deland Inc. to Dutton House Inc. After applying for more grants, restoration continued until 2008.
According to the organization’s website: “Although Dutton House Inc was approved for several State grants in 2008 because of the recession no historic restoration funding was allocated. We were allowed to reapply for 3 consecutive years all with the same results. By the time the State was once again allocating funds too much time had passed and our previous spent funds were now too old to use as matching funds for the grants. Without matching funds, we can’t apply for new grants to continue the restoration. We are actively seeking any and all possible avenues for matching funds. Unfortunately, we have not been successful to date. But we continue to try.”
The group was able to complete the first phase of stabilization and 80% of the exterior was completed before funds diminished. After 25 years since restoration first began, the future of the mansion remains uncertain.
Trespassing on the property is illegal and anyone caught could face arrest.
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*** Pick fruit while still a little greenish. After picking the fruit place in water containing cooking soda (about 1 tbs for 4 cups figs). Then put drained un-stemmed figs in a pot using 2 cups of granulated sugar to 4 cups of fruit. It is not necessary to add water, but if figs are exceptionally dry you may add 2 tbs water to get started. After figs are cooked you may place them in sterilized jars with sterile covers and sealed.
Cajun Country -- New Iberia, Louisiana
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The praying mantis is the only insect that can turn its head.
Earthworms have "bristles" they use to try to hold themselves in the ground when robins tug them out. And earthworms, by the way, do not belong here. The non-natives were carried here, mostly from Europe, by fishermen and imported soils.
These are the types of factoids that emerge when a collection of college biology professors descend upon a Quad-City nature preserve.
The 350-acre Green Valley Nature Preserve in Moline was at the center Saturday of a bio-diversity day, which sent scientists and their volunteers into the woods and watersheds in search of bugs, birds, plants, amphibians, even earthworms. The goal was to get a basic inventory of the species present in the habitat.
Teaming up with the group was River Action, which is in the process of restoring a wetland area between Moline's softball complex and the Rock River.
Amy Blair, a biology professor at St. Ambrose University, Davenport, spent several hours Saturday morning trying to coax worms out of the drought-hardened ground. She took her two gallons of water and package of dried mustard seed into right field of one of the baseball diamonds at Green Valley, hoping the irrigated ground would produce better results.
With her young assistant, Ismael Chambers, she poured the dried mustard seed into a gallon of water, which she poured onto the ground. Mustard seed burns earthworms' skin, which, along with the water, encourages them to move to the surface. But the worms weren't biting.
She ultimately captured just one worm, which she found near a creek bed.
Placing the worm on one of the microscopes that were set up on a picnic table, Blair and Chambers took turns counting the number of "sections" from its head to its clitellum, which is part of its reproductive system. An earthworm guidebook then helped identify, by the number of "sections," the species of worm.
"I counted 24 from the head to the bump," Chambers announced, before counting again. "Actually, I think I count 28."
Blair also counted 28, declaring it a leaf worm.
She explained other earthworm details, such as the fact they are both useful and potentially harmful to your gardens at home. While their movements help aerate soil and also prevent it from clumping, earthworms also eat dirt, sometimes consuming plant seeds, too.
Meanwhile, another group came out of a wooded area of Green Valley, carrying nets over their shoulders.
Tierney Brosius, an entomology professor at Augustana College, Rock Island, carried part of the insect bounty, which included two healthy looking praying mantises.
"I'd like to take them to class, and I'd like to keep them alive," she said. "They're much more interesting alive."
Michael Reisner, director of the Upper Mississippi Studies Center at Augustana, said he hoped the day of study would produce a preliminary map of the "hot spots" in the preserve for various plants and animals.
"Next time, we'll get some counts — understand the abundance," he said. "We'd like to know the dominant species. You don't want the invasives dominating."
Ultimately, he said, an inventory would help guide future wetland maintenance plans and conservation efforts.
Kathy Wine, executive director of River Action, pointed out the group also is interested in what happens in Quad-Citians' yards and not just in large parks and preserves.
"For instance, just look at tax assessments, and you'll see that homes along urban forests (ravines) have higher values," added Reisner. "These kind of habitats also improve people's attitudes. They are happier, living among the canopies and near wildlife."
In fact, a sociology professor also was part of Saturday's team, looking into the attitudinal effects the area has on humans.
"It's truly an interdisciplinary effort today," Reisner said.
Back at the microscope, Blair continued her assessment of the day's lone earthworm.
"Some burrow deep, others feed off the surface, and some never go underground," she said. "Minnesota is interesting, because they shouldn't have any earthworms at all. Discarded fishing bait accounts for a lot of it.
"The classic night crawler, the big one, is from Europe. Some worms are one inch long and never get bigger. When it gets this hot, some go into estivation, which is like a mini-hibernation. They go way down deep and take a snooze."
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WASHINGTON (AP) - A federal judge ruled Friday that the National Labor Relations Board cannot require millions of private employers to put up posters informing workers of their right to form a union.
U.S. District Judge David Norton in South Carolina said the labor board exceeded congressional authority when it approved the poster requirement last year.
The decision Friday conflicts with a ruling last month by another federal judge in Washington, D.C., who found the posters were a reasonable means to make workers aware of collective bargaining rights.
Both lawsuits were brought business groups that claim the posters are too one-sided in favor of unions. The labor board contends the posters simply explain workers' rights and protections under federal labor law.
NLRB spokeswoman Nancy Cleeland said attorneys were reviewing the decision and had no immediate comment. The rule was supposed to take effect on April 30.
While the board is expected to appeal the South Carolina decision, it is unclear whether it will continue to enforce the rule in other jurisdictions.
"We would hope they would suspend the regulation until all these legal uncertainties can be sorted out," said Randel Johnson, the U.S. Chamber of Commerce's vice president on labor issues.
Labor unions had praised the rule, saying many workers are unaware of their legal right to organize.
In his ruling Friday, Norton said the power to make employers post notices explaining the law must come from Congress, but the National Labor Relations Act grants no such power to the labor board. By contrast, Congress did give that power to other agencies, including those that regulate employment discrimination and workplace safety.
Norton also found it telling that the board went 75 years without requiring such a notice "but it has now decided to flex its newly discovered rulemaking muscles."
The NLRB rule requires nearly every private business to post an 11-by-17-inch notice in a prominent location explaining the right to bargain collectively, distribute union literature and engage in other union activities without reprisal from employers.
It also explains that workers have a right not to join a union and that it is illegal for union officials to coerce employees into joining a union.
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The number of unemployed people in Spain jumped by 154,058 in February, as the deepening recession forced companies to lay off more workers.
The total number of people out of work in Spain now stands at almost 3.5 million, official figures show.
It means the number of unemployed has risen by more than 10% in the past two months alone, and 50% in a year.
Although the rise is smaller than that in January, analysts expect many more Spaniards will soon be out of work.
More job losses
"We'll hit four million around the third quarter - in the summer we could get there , or even at the end of the second quarter," said Angel Laborda at Funcas.
"This rate of job losses is going to drag on - the rate of decline has not hit the bottom."
The official figure of 3.48 million claiming jobless benefit is the highest since 1996.
Spain has by far the highest unemployment rate in the EU. The latest quarterly figure, released at the end of 2008, was 13.9%.
The European Commission has forecast that the rate will continue to increase in Spain to 16.1% in 2010 and 18.7% the following year.
The ranks of Spain's unemployed have swelled by more than one million in the past year, with 199,000 workers losing their jobs in January alone.
Spain was until recently one of Europe's fastest-growing economies, but the global financial crisis has hit the country hard, particularly affecting the property and construction sectors.
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Unformatted text preview: Abstract Algebra: The Basic Graduate Year Robert B. Ash PREFACE This is a text for the basic graduate sequence in abstract algebra, offered by most universities. We study fundamental algebraic structures, namely groups, rings, fields and modules, and maps between these structures. The techniques are used in many areas of mathematics, and there are applications to physics, engineering and computer science as well. In addition, I have attempted to communicate the intrinsic beauty of the subject. Ideally, the reasoning underlying each step of a proof should be completely clear, but the overall argument should be as brief as possible, allowing a sharp overview of the result. These two requirements are in opposition, and it is my job as expositor to try to resolve the conflict. My primary goal is to help the reader learn the subject, and there are times when informal or intuitive reasoning leads to greater understanding than a formal proof. In the text, there are three types of informal arguments: 1. The concrete or numerical example with all features of the general case. Here, the example indicates how the proof should go, and the formalization amounts to substi- tuting Greek letters for numbers. There is no essential loss of rigor in the informal version. 2. Brief informal surveys of large areas. There are two of these, p-adic numbers and group representation theory. References are given to books accessible to the beginning graduate student. 3. Intuitive arguments that replace lengthy formal proofs which do not reveal why a result is true. In this case, explicit references to a precise formalization are given. I am not saying that the formal proof should be avoided, just that the basic graduate year, where there are many pressing matters to cope with, may not be the appropriate place, especially when the result rather than the proof technique is used in applications. I would estimate that about 90 percent of the text is written in conventional style, and I hope that the book will be used as a classroom text as well as a supplementary reference. Solutions to all problems are included in the text; in my experience, most students find this to be a valuable feature. The writing style for the solutions is similar to that of the main text, and this allows for wider coverage as well as reinforcement of the basic ideas. Chapters 1–4 cover basic properties of groups, rings, fields and modules. The typi- cal student will have seen some but not all of this material in an undergraduate algebra course. [It should be possible to base an undergraduate course on Chapters 1–4, traversed at a suitable pace with detailed coverage of the exercises.] In Chapter 4, the fundamental structure theorems for finitely generated modules over a principal ideal domain are de- veloped concretely with the aid of the Smith normal form. Students will undoubtedly be comfortable with elementary row and column operations, and this will significantly aid the learning process....
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- Spring '11
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APRIL 1, 2020 — Social distancing and other nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) have proven to be effective tools in most pandemics. But their effect on the spread of the novel coronavirus is not yet clear, experts say.
The goal of NPIs — which include personal actions, such as staying at home when sick and washing hands, and communal ones, including school closures and canceling mass gatherings — is to flatten the height of the infection curve and build herd immunity, thus buying time to increase hospital capacity and to come up with drugs or vaccines to treat the illness.
State and local officials have been issuing stay-at-home and social distancing orders and closing schools at different times and with varying levels of restrictions.
Marc Lipsitch, DPhil, director of the Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics at the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, says that social distancing is one of the only tools left to contain the spread, because the time has passed for widespread testing and contact tracing — the initial steps that could have been taken.
“I’m trying to look forward rather than back, because looking back makes me so sad,” Lipsitch said during a March 25 teleconference convened by the American Public Health Association and the National Academy of Medicine.
Although social distancing has bad effects on everyone — especially the disadvantaged — it’s paramount to try it, Lipsitch continued. “If we waste this time and don’t do everything to build up capacity for testing, for personal protective equipment, for ventilators, for intensive care beds — all the things we know we need — it will be a further tragedy.”
“There is a lot of science on this. We do know that these measures work,” said Nancy Messonnier, MD, referring to NPIs during the telebriefing.
“There are enough similarities between influenza and COVID-19 to expect that we may see some of the same impact,” said Messonnier, director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases. “But it’s important to look at all the layers of all of the nonpharmaceutical interventions to find out for sure that we’re using the most optimal interventions at the right time.”
Messonnier and Lipsitch said modeling the impact of social distancing on the coronavirus curve is a work in progress.
Lipsitch said that estimating the trigger for — and how long to maintain — social distancing depends largely on whether the novel coronavirus will follow a seasonal path like influenza viruses and other coronaviruses do.
“We don’t currently know that’s true for this virus,” he said.
If the virus transmits at the same rate year round — that is, if it is not seasonal — a one-shot social distancing period will be effective, Lipsitch said. Under that scenario, “a modest amount of social distancing over a long period would be the best because you spread out the cases better than very intense social distancing.”
But if the virus is more widespread in the winter months and wanes during warmer months, “then delaying the peak can in fact backfire,” he said. In that scenario, it would be likely that more people would be infected with a one-time social distancing period than if no distancing were put in place. That “is a discouraging outcome to say the least.”
He calls a one-time shot at social distancing “treacherous,” but adds that “the views about seasonality are varying in the community.”
Lipsitch suggests an alternative: multicycle social distancing. That is, instituting social distancing until the infection curve bends downward to a point at which it seems safe to resume social activities. Cycling such as this would result in multiple peaks but would allow for a modulation in the number of cases so that intensive care capacity would not be overstressed. If the virus declines in warmer months, on-and-off social distancing would be better, Lipsitch continued.
Other speakers noted the ongoing variability — and difficulty — of instituting social distancing in the United States.
Because the economic, political, and social costs of NPIs are high, the costs need to be carefully weighed against the severity of the circulating virus, said Howard Markel, MD, PhD, the George E. Wantz Distinguished Professor of the History of Medicine, at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor.
For instance, school closures can create many perplexing problems, including where children go during the day if their parents are hourly wage earners with no sick leave and thus have to work, continued Markel, who is also director of the Center for the History of Medicine.
Social distancing does pose unequal burdens, said Mitch Stripling, national director of emergency preparedness and response for the Planned Parenthood Federation of America. “If the social and economic costs are too high now, society may not comply if we ask them to do this repeatedly,” he said.
©2020 WebMD, LLC. All Rights Reserved.
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Who hasn’t heard of Botox at this point? Be it through advertisement, entertainment, or word of mouth, it doesn’t take long to hear someone talking about the fantastic anti-aging treatment. But with so much information flying around, it can be easy to get lost. Some people say the treatment is safe and fabulous; others claim it’s dangerous.
So where does the truth lie? If you’re looking for Botox injections in NJ, read on to learn the truth about this tried and true anti-aging treatment.
Botox is a cosmetic anti-wrinkle injectable. It’s made from a substance called botulinum toxin type A. Botox is safe to use as an injectable treatment because only very small amounts are needed at a time. Additionally, the substance is only injected into a specific area, minimizing risk.
Botox works by blocking information from reaching the nerve cells in selected muscles. This weakens and relaxes the muscles which pull on the skin and cause wrinkles. When the muscle relaxes, the skin on top smooths out as well. Only very small amounts of Botox are needed per muscle to achieve the desired result.
This nerve-blocking function can also be used to treat a wide range of medical conditions, which are outlined below.
Cosmetically, Botox is mostly used for smile lines, crow’s feet, forehead lines, and frown lines. Tiny amounts are injected into the relevant muscles to help them relax and stop pulling on the skin, which causes most wrinkles.
Botox isn’t just a cosmetic treatment. You might get referred for Botox injections in NJ by a doctor to treat a range of medical conditions. ;For example:
Botox has shown to be an effective treatment in providing relief from chronic migraines and headaches.
By injecting Botox into specific muscles around the head, face, and neck, the muscle strain and tension that leads to headaches and migraines subsides. This can provide relief for anywhere up to 6 months.
TMJ, TMD, or “Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction,” is a fairly common medical condition suffered by a great many people. It’s caused when the muscles connecting the lower jaw and the skull — the temporomandibular joint — become strained or overworked.
This can be for a variety of reasons, such as severe under or overbite, teeth grinding, and jaw clenching due to stress. The result is chronic pain and headaches.
Botox injected into the TMJ relaxes the muscle and relieves the pain, discomfort, and tension. Despite relaxing the muscle, it doesn’t interfere with your ability to eat.
Sweating? Yes, Botox can even be used to treat excessive sweating. Rather than injecting into a muscle, Botox is injected into the sweat glands themselves. The same function that relaxes muscles prevents sweat glands from activating and producing sweat.
This is only recommended for people with excessive sweating for whom other treatment methods haven’t worked. Results are well tolerated and last up to about seven months.
Much like with Botox for TMJ, Botox can be used to prevent teeth grinding as well. By relaxing the associated muscles, there’s less inclination to grind the teeth.
Botox can also be used to treat muscle spasms in the face and neck, and blepharospasm, which is uncontrolled twitching in the eyelid.
For cosmetic applications, a treatment of Botox will last around 3-4 months. First-time users may experience the Botox wearing off sooner than people who have had repeat treatments.
For medical applications, Botox tends to be effective for longer, around 5-7 months.
In both cases, treatment duration will depend on a few factors, such as the person and the amount of Botox used at a time.
It’s important to remember that Botox is made of botulinum toxin, and improper use can have severe consequences. Botox injections are safest when performed by a professional, preferably someone with experience in the field.
As with any medical or cosmetic treatment, there is the possibility of side-effects occurring when getting Botox injections. Most are mild and temporary at best, such as pain and swelling at the injection site. Some people report slight headaches after the treatment which subsides rapidly.
More severe side effects include a drooping eyelid, which only lasts a few days but can last much longer.
Always consult with your doctor before getting any treatment to discuss the benefits and potential risks involved.
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Main Street Communities (4 Sites, 12 Hits) 02/18/1998
| ||Communities which are participants in the Main Street Program of the National Trust for Historic Preservation, or other communities that subscribe to its four point plan.
Acts of Kindness (26 Sites, 42 Hits) 12/31/1996
| ||This site is to connect those people who wish to make a
difference in the world. By each person taking a moment
out of their week to perform a random act of kindness, we
will join our hands in making the world a better place.
This not only includes making your homepage a place where
you welcome all people into your world, but also remembering
in your day to day activities the feelings of others.|
Volunteers Around the World (14 Sites, 39 Hits) 10/17/1998
| ||The Circle of Caring is dedicated to charitable organizations, and the people who volunteer with them. Our goal is to help people find organizations in their communities. Everyone can make a difference, simply by helping someone less fortunate than themself. The circle of caring promotes volunteerism, and celebrates the people who give of themselves. If you are part of a volunteer organization, or have a page which talks about your experience as a volunteer, we would love to have you join.
Children Charity (4 Sites, 8 Hits) 09/08/1999
| ||This Web Ring Is For Children and Youth Charity Organizations.
Loyal Order (6 Sites, 28 Hits) 09/30/2001
| ||A webring for all Loyal Order Websites and only for Loyal Order Websites.|
Global Homeless Network (4 Sites, 10 Hits) 02/20/2001
| ||The Global Homeless Network is intended to provide a registry of homeless organizations, to share resources and information, and to increase awareness of homelessness issues and promote activism in the community.|
QI Clubs and their members (7 Sites, 8 Hits) 09/05/2000
| ||Take a virtual tour around the world and visit Quota International's clubs, districts and areas with stops at the sites of the members, both personal and professional.|
Help me! (3 Sites, 56 Hits) 05/24/2003
| ||This ring welcomes pages which are on the topic of mental illness, or depression that is caused by environmental conditioning, ranging from spiritual, physical or emotional abuse. The purpose of this ring is to provide helpful resources for recovery for those who seek help for a variety of problems.|
PRISON PEN PALS (3 Sites, 7 Hits) 06/28/2001
| ||Prison Ministry Network webring.|
Small-Town-Resurgence (3 Sites, 29 Hits) 05/06/2004
| ||This webring is for sites that are interested in helping small communities grow and thrive in the face of current economic conditions, and to promote regional cooperation among small towns and cities.
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Laramie, WY – A Wyoming weather expert says this spring, the state ahs seen the most widespread flooding in eleven years.
Meteorologist Don Day tracks weather for farmers and ranchers. He says every major river system in Wyoming is running at above-normal runoff levels right now.
Day says this months' rain is coming at a great time for the state's row crops. He says all the runoff and rain should put some water into Wyoming's badly depleted reservoirs.
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I'm sure every single one of you can relate to the stress of your period being late. If you are not wanting to be pregnant, it can be the worst feeling ever, and it brings up a lot of questions until you finally get your period or take a pregnancy test.
Did you know that stress could also be the cause of your late period? Stress can affect the functioning of the hypothalamus - the gland in the brain that regulates emotions, as well as the hormones required to release your eggs. If you're feeling stressed, worried, or nervous, you may ovulate later in your cycle or not at all. This in turn will make you get your period later than expected, or sometimes you'll skip your period altogether.
This info is only helpful if you are not on some kind of hormonal birth control (you don't ovulate, so you don't have to worry). If you use condoms, a diaphragm, or the FAM (Fertility Awareness Method - also known as the Rhythm Method), than knowing how your emotions affect your cycle is going to be key in preventing a major meltdown if your period is late.
If you want to know how you can prevent a possible late period, then
During the time you ovulate, which is usually about 10-18 days after the first day of your period (depending on your cycle), try to eliminate any work-related or relationship stress. Get a massage, take a walk, slip into a relaxing bath, or spend some downtime reading a book on the couch - do things that make you feel calm and happy.
Also, make sure to get regular exercise and eat a balanced diet. Remember that your period is there so you can have a baby (if you want to), so if you're not taking care of yourself, your body will delay or prevent ovulation until your body is fit to be pregnant. It is important to do all you can to keep your mind and body healthy.
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Another excellent way to fight pneumonia is the use of vitamin A. This can be by oral administration or in IVs for critically ill persons. The dose is very high for a short duration, either three days or seven days, with dose adjustment based on time used.
Vitamin A acts to protect the mucous membrane lining of the respiratory tract.
Probiotics 'may stop pneumonia'
Probiotics could be used to protect critically ill patients from developing pneumonia, according to scientists.
The friendly bacteria can block the colonisation by dangerous bugs of the airways of ventilated patients, the Swedish study concluded.
The probiotic solution performed just as well as normal antiseptics used to keep pneumonia-causing bacteria at bay, the journal Critical Care reported.
Being more natural it could pose fewer side effects, the authors said.
The probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus plantarum 299 is normally present in saliva and is also commonly found in fermented products like pickles and sauerkraut.
Although rare, some patients are allergic to the antiseptics normally used to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia, namely chlorhexidine.
There is also a very small risk of the pneumonia-causing bacteria developing chlorhexidine resistance.
Pneumonia is a common complication in patients on breathing machines and occurs when harmful bacteria from the mouth, throat or breathing tube are inhaled into the lungs.This is a plausible idea. But we need much larger trials that focus on clinical outcomes to prove it is an effective and affordable treatment
Bob Marsterton of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
Swabbing the mouth with chlorhexidine is widely recommended to reduce the risk ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill patients requiring mechanical ventilation.
Bengt Klarin and colleagues at the University Hospital in Lund, Sweden, compared the probiotic treatment with chlorhexidine in 50 critically ill patients.
Microbiological testing revealed both treatments appeared to be equally effective at preventing potentially harmful bacteria from flourishing in the mouth and throat.
In addition, a probiotic that adheres to mouth lining will be able to work around the clock, unlike antiseptics which wear off after a few hours, say the authors.
The scientists said bigger studies were now needed to investigate the feasibility of using probiotics in this setting.
Bob Marsterton, chair of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy's working party on hospital acquired pneumonia, said: "This is a plausible idea. But we need much larger trials that focus on clinical outcomes to prove it is an effective and affordable treatment."
He said chlorhexidine highly effective, affordable and readily available.
Story from BBC NEWS:http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/2/hi/health/7708895.stm
Published: 2008/11/06 © BBC MMVIII
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Kamber Dervishaj says that he paid a full 20 thousand euros, after unknown persons contacted him on social networks and then persuaded him to adapt to their scheme according to which he would be given a sum of 720 thousand euros.
The people behind the scheme told they were representatives of a French citizen, who was in the last days of her life and wanted to donate the amount of 720 thousand euros.
According to the fraudulent instructions, part of the amount should have been for churches, mosques and the rest for ordinary citizens.
She wrote to the Vlora man that she wanted to give him 370 thousand euros and this is where the fraud began.
But to disburse this amount with various excuses he was asked for and paid a full 20 thousand euros.
Kamber Dervishaj complained to the editorial office of the show “Fiks Fare”, who told the whole story of fraud.
He has on his phone set a host of fake documents and communications via Facebook and Whatsapp with different telephone numbers, which were allegedly from the donor or legal representatives of the donor.
The phenomenon has spread a lot in recent years with internet technology and with weak, naive or elderly people who do not understand the insensitivity of the virtual world and the widspread manipulation it enables.
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Back in the 80s, the volcano scare in the Mammoth Lakes area made big news and put locals on edge. Since then, the U.S. Geological Survey has monitored Long Valley for any volcanic and earthquake activity. Now, USGS has established their California Volcano Observatory at existing facilities to increase “awareness of and resiliency to the volcano threats in California.” The new facility consolidates monitoring of all volcanic threats in the state.
The seriousness of these threats lies with geologic speculation and analysis. USGS Director Marcia McNutt said in a press release that the consolidated observation of all of California’s potential volcanoes will help with monitoring and early warning and connections with emergency managers. This new facility does replace the former Long Valley Observatory established in 1982 to monitor the then restless Long Valley Caldera and Mono-Inyo Craters region near Mammoth Lakes.
Leslie Gordon of USGS assured Sierra Wave that this new facility in no way reduces in monitoring observation of Mammoth Lakes and Long Valley. The same people will continue to monitor from Menlo Park. Gordon said that Instrumentation in the ground near Mammoth Lakes remotely transmits and monitors digitally activity here and sends information to USGS.
The list of threatening volcanoes on the watch list includes Long Valley Calder, Mono-Inyo Craters, Mounta Shasta, Medicine Lake Volcano, Lassen Volcanic Center, Ubehebe Craters in Death Valley and several others around the state.
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Since cyber bullying is an all new phenomenon, many people need to get a better understanding of how it can affect their lives. Parents and kids may want to take a look at some of the cyber bullying facts available out there and be informed. This can help them realize that they are not alone and can get help with these problems. Many people can get a clearer picture of this issue by reviewing some of the cyber bullying statistics as well. This may give people the inspiration that they need to improve on their life in a few important ways.
First, many people will just want to get a picture of the national prevalence for cyber bullying. There are reports that indicate that 1 in 3 young people have received some kind of threat online. It is also estimated that fewer than 1 out of 5 threats of cyber bullying will actually be reported to the police. Though these figures may be hard to believe, they do represent a clear trend in society. Cyber bullying has undoubtedly taken root in society, so it will be important to find ways of controlling it soon.
Most people will want to check out how they can actually get help by just understanding more about what qualifies as cyber bullying. It can also help to just get a definition of what to expect when cyber bullying does occur. It is important to note that cyber bullying can occur through a wide variety of different mediums, making it somewhat challenging for parents. Over 80% of teens now use a cell phone, making it one of the most popular forms of communication. But this has also opened the door for cell phones to be used for bullying. It has blurred the lines for many parents, who may not be sure how cell phones can be used to cyber bully, which will make it even more challenging for parents to adapt when they notice that their child is abused or bullied on a medium they don’t understand. There are an estimated 10-20% of teens that report being cyber bullied on a fairly regular basis. This could actually impact their life greatly over time. Most parents will want to check in on their kids during this process, since they may need to monitor their situation. They should make sure that these cyber bullying attempts are decreasing in prevalence over time.
Parents should be ready to identify some of the warning signs associated with the way that these events may unfold as well. Many cyber bullying victims are wondering if there is some reason why they have been abused in this way. Research has shown that cyber bullying has the capacity to affect people of all different types of races. It can affect both genders as well, so parents should be ready to identify some of the common warning signs along the way. It is important to note that girls as well as boys are likely to engage in cyber bullying and to be affected by it. Drawing in a lot of media attention, the sheer prevalence of this issue has been a major cause for concern among people in the community.
There are some considerable effects that may go along with incidents of cyber bullying. Victims will tend to have lower self esteem, which can actually influence their whole life negatively. Some will be impacted in a number of ways because of this, due to the fact that low self esteem is challenging. Parents will want to understand how cyber bullying may actually impact the performance of their child in school as well. Their academic performance may slip, which can have a lot of different types of ramifications. Some students may actually get to the point where they feel like they have developed suicidal thoughts due to cyber bullying.
Many cyber bullying incidents can have far reaching consequences as well. It is estimated that 1 out of 10 teens has had damaging information leaked about them. This has actually prompted many to seek professional help, because it can have a substantial impact on the way that their lives may change over time. Most parents will want to make sure that these issues are resolved in just a short amount of time, since it can help students keep their lives on track. Parents should do their part by trying to understand more about the situation that they are facing over the years.
Finally, many parents will just appreciate the chance to keep up to date with news reports on the subject to better understand all the new ways in which it could happen and in which one could combat it. Talk to your kids and let them know that they aren’t alone. This can be an isolating experience, which will affect the lives of many kids in different ways. Getting the cyber bullying facts can help them maintain confidence in themselves during the difficult times.
We encourage you to spread this infographic with the top 11 cyber bullying facts wherever you can. Hang it at your school or share it with your friends! Awareness does help.
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162. Eriogonum esmeraldense S. Watson, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts. 24: 85. 1889.
Herbs, erect to spreading, annual, (0.5-)1-5(-10) dm, glabrous or glandular proximally, mostly grayish. Stems: caudex absent; aerial flowering stems erect, solid, not fistulose, 0.5-1(-3) dm, glabrous or sparsely glandular proximally. Leaves basal; petiole 0.5-4 cm, strigose to hispid; blade obovate to round-ovate, 0.5-2.5 × 0.4-2 cm, sparsely strigose to pilose-hispid, often slightly glandular, grayish, greenish, or reddish on both surfaces, or reddish adaxially, margins plane. Inflorescences cymose, open to diffuse, 5-40(-70) × 5-50 cm; branches not fistulose, glabrous or sparsely glandular near proximal nodes; bracts 3, scalelike, 0.5-3 × 0.5-2 mm. Peduncles spreading to reflexed, straight, slender to filiform, 0.2-1.5 cm, glabrous. Involucres narrowly turbinate, 0.8-1.8 × 0.5-1.2 mm, glabrous; teeth 4-5, erect, 0.2-0.4 mm. Flowers 1-3 mm; perianth white to pinkish with greenish or reddish midribs, glabrous, minutely pustulose proximally; tepals monomorphic, oblanceolate to oblong; stamens included, 1-1.5(-1.8) mm; filaments glabrous. Achenes light brown, 3-gonous, 1.4-2.5 mm, glabrous.
Varieties 2 (2 in the flora): w United States.
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Technology is defined as the “application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, especially in industry.” But how does this apply to ranches? Well, technology is changing the way livestock ranches manage their operations. RanchHacks, a Dillon, Montana based business is helping ranchers across the state effectively utilize technology to save time and money on everyday ranching operations.
RanchHacks has found a way to utilize drones to assist riders in gathering cows. By using thermal imaging, RanchHacks can help find those missing cattle from up to 1 mile away and can see the cattle if they are in a draw or hiding in a bush, thus, finding cows faster and easier and helping direct riders in the correct direction. RanchHacks can also drop the drone down and try spooking the cattle in the right direction.
Finding cows isn’t the only thing this Montana based business can do. RanchHacks also has the tools available to help you with your websites, wi-fi networks, computers and other office applications. If your having problems with it, RanchHacks can help!
All information is derived from:
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HERITAGE enthusiasts are campaigning to save historical parts of Bolsover’s old Sherwood Lodge building which is due to be demolished to make way for a supermarket and petrol station development.
Bolsover Civic Society and Old Bolsover Town Council have appealed to both Bolsover District Council and Morrisons to salvage parts of the old building, off Hill Top, after Morrisons has been given permission to transform the council’s old Sherwood Lodge building into a service station and the council’s former Sherwood Lodge offices into a supermarket.
The development plans follow the council’s agreed move to the former Clowne college campus and the civic society and the town council are determined to salvage the old Sherwood Lodge building’s 1897 date stone, Victorian tiling, stained glass windows, panels, engraved plaques and other historical elements.
Civic Society spokesman Bernard Haigh said: “The elements we want to preserve are in the original Sherwood Lodge building which was built by the former Director of Bolsover Colliery Company Abel Sykes as a private house in 1897 and he also had the Methodist Chapel built on the front of the property.
“Whatever we’re able to save may be used in other future developments in Bolsover and will help preserve an important part of the town’s history.”
The Save Sherwood Green campaign group had opposed Morrisons’ development which was approved by Bolsover District Council’s planning committee who have also give permission for a new district council Contact Centre to be built on Middle Street.
Old Bolsover Town Council and Bolsover Civic Society had also opposed plans for the Contact Centre because of its size, loss of parking and its appearance but, according to Mr Haigh, the development is now going to include more stonework than glass and will be slightly lower.
Mr Haigh explained that Morrisons is willing to provide archive drawings of the old Sherwood Lodge so they can be preserved and access will be allowed to the town council and civic society in April to photograph and identify anything of interest.
A district council spokesman said Bolsover district Council is happy to help preserve these heritage pieces, but the final decision on what can be preserved will be down to Morrisons and a representative has indicated there should not be any problems.(PICBOOKEDFEB138AM)
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Compare House’s path-goal theory of leadership with the Situational Leadership model.
Answer to relevant QuestionsDescribe alienated followers, sheep, yes people, survivors, and effective followers. In what way is Heidi Ganahl’s leadership transformational, charismatic and visionary? Give examples. Would you characterize the conflict evident at Barcelona Restaurant as functional or dysfunctional? Explain. What are the salient features of the social information processing (SIP) model of job design? Interview an employee in your organization or another organization and develop an oral presentation about how his or her job could be enriched. Make sure you ask questions about all aspects of the employee’s work (e.g., ...
Post your question
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Between April 11th and April 19th, 2017 CMW worked with Calluna Archaeology to investigate what is likely the Alms House built by James MacFarlane in the 1600's. This site was identified as "Site 28" during the 2016 Walkover survey of the Arrochar Parish
An excavation was carried out on a site at Creag a’Phuirt on the west shore of Loch Lomond in 2017. It was thought that this might be an almshouse built by James Macfarlane opposite his house on Island I Vow between 1612 and 1625 to provide for travellers passing through the district. The building proved to be a small, well-built, slightly trapezoidal-shaped structure, with a slate roof, but no obvious entrance or fireplace. The floor consisted of re-deposited loch-side material with water-rolled stones and contained a sherd of late 16th/17th century window glass and a broken sherd of 17th century pottery. Considering its location and date, this structure may well have been the almshouse perhaps comprising two stories, with access from an outer stair. By the mid-19th century the walls had been robbed and the site left ruinous.
Click the attachment (visible with a paid membership) to download.
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Meet Our Librarians
At Quinton Church we have 8 librarians (4 from year 5 and 4 from year 6) that help to run and organise the library. They work in a group on a Monday and Wednesday lunchtime to sort and manage
the returned books from class visits to the library throughout the week. They are responsible for ensuring that the books are arranged by catergories and ready for the classes to use when reading for pleasure.
The librarians work to improve and provide an inviting reading atmosphere by creating posters and book recommendations for other children to read. They take part in meetings with the literacy lead to talk abut how they can conitinue to make exciting changes and developments to the school libray.
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Gum Tissue Therapy For Dental Caries
If you have bleeding gum tissues and also tooth decay, you may require gum tissue therapy. This article will certainly go over a few alternatives for treating gum disease. A nonsmoker can likewise gain from treatment, as do individuals that don't smoke. But if you are a smoker, you may not get the very best therapy choices. Fortunately is that 85 percent of people can be dealt with for gum condition. So do not avoid your consultation until your periodontals obtain so poor that they need to be drawn out.
Tooth cavities are holes in the teeth that develop as a result of a build-up of plaque. The acid in plaque deteriorates the enamel as well as at some point reaches the softer dentine below. If the decay does not get dealt with in time, the cavity may expand as well as spread right into the surrounding teeth, triggering a lot more significant difficulties. If left untreated, it can even spread to the bone, needing origin canal therapy. The good news is that a dentist can do periodontal therapy for dental cavity to save teeth and gum tissues.
The onset of dental caries can be dealt with relatively quickly with a fluoride therapy. Fluoride can aid strengthen teeth versus acids, and also it is important to brush and also floss daily. If the tooth is seriously damaged, the dental expert will certainly get rid of the pulp, which includes the blood and nerves. If the tooth is damaged beyond repair, it might require to be drawn out as well as replaced by a bridge, partial denture, or implant.
Hemorrhaging Gum tissues
Whether the gums are bleed-intense or just a little red, it is always best to see a dental expert when experiencing bleeding gums. Your medical care carrier can carry out a physical examination and get any kind of needed blood work to determine what is creating the bleeding gum tissues. Therapy will rely on the problem. Bleeding gum tissues can be a indicator of a more significant underlying trouble. If you have hemorrhaging periodontals and also your dental practitioner can not locate a reason, you can attempt a natural method such as cleaning your teeth with an electrical toothbrush or an antibacterial mouthwash.
Although this is an very early warning sign of diabetic issues, decreased immune function may also contribute to a individual's enhanced threat for periodontal disease. Additionally, vitamin shortages can raise the risk of gum tissue bleeding. Vitamin C and vitamin K consumption can help in reducing periodontal bleeding. As mentioned above, a healthy diet regimen can assist avoid the beginning of hemorrhaging periodontals. The major goal is to obtain your teeth to look their best as well as feel great. The bleeding periodontals brought on by gingivitis might be the early indicator of diabetic issues.
While foul breath is humiliating and also can be an very early sign of various other illness, it does not need to control your life. By understanding just how bad breath occurs as well as what the very best techniques of treatment are, you can discover relief. To start, schedule a oral examination. Your dental professional will certainly talk about different options for avoiding, detecting, as well as dealing with bad breath. In addition to cleansing the mouth and also teeth, dentists additionally offer a variety of items that can help to remove the smell.
While consuming garlic as well as onions may trigger temporary foul-smelling breath, persistent foul breath can be humiliating and also even a measure of underlying illness. If you experience persistent halitosis, you ought to see a dental practitioner as soon as possible to receive treatment for it. Bacteria staying in the mouth are the key root causes of periodontal illness and halitosis. If left untreated, these microorganisms can bring about gum condition as well as dental caries. In addition to making you feel uneasy, these bacteria can additionally bring about serious illness.
However there are some other remedies around this like Dentitox Pro.
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Search for: tertiary-recovery
Article CHISA 2006 - 17th International Congress of Chemical and Process Engineering, Prague, 27 August 2006 through 31 August 2006 ; 2006 ; 8086059456 (ISBN); 9788086059457 (ISBN) ; Kharrat, R ; Ghazanfari, M. H ; Khodabakhsh, M ; Sharif University of Technology
In reservoirs that have been water flooded or gas injected, it is still a significant amount of the remaining oil. Water alternative gas injection is a tertiary oil recovery method which was used for the first time in Canada for recovering remained oil in place of reservoir. The pore-scale mechanisms of this process are not fully understood yet. Such knowledge is essential for accurate modelling of reservoir. In this study various experiments on the WAG process is carried out by means of high pressure glass type micromodel instrument. The micromodel apparatus in this experiment was capable to operate at pressures up to 3500 Psi and temperatures up to 85°C which is similar to conventional...
Investigation of oil recovery and CO2 storage during secondary and tertiary injection of carbonated water in an Iranian carbonate oil reservoir, Article Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering ; Volume 137 , 2016 , Pages 134-143 ; 09204105 (ISSN) ; Ayatollahi, S ; Riazi, M ; Sharif University of Technology
Gas injection process for more oil recovery and in particular CO2 injection is well-established method to increment oil recovery from underground oil reservoirs. CO2 sequestration which takes place during this enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method has positive impact on reducing the greenhouse gas emission which causes global warming. Direct gas injection into depleted oil reservoirs, encounters several shortcomings such as low volumetric sweep efficiency, early breakthrough (BT) and high risk of gas leakage in naturally fractured carbonate oil reservoirs. Carbonated water injection (CWI) has been recently proposed as an alternative method to alleviate the problems associated with gas...
Experimental Investigation and Comparison of Water Alternative Gas (WAG) and Continuous Gas Injection (CGI) Processes in One of Iranian Oil Reservoirs, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Ghotbi, Sirous ; Kharrat, Reyaz
Gas injection processes are considered as the second largest Enhanced Oil Recovery processes after thermal processes. In Dealing with the problems of Continuous Gas Injection (CGI) processes, the substitute method of Water Alternating Gas (WAG) is gaining ever increasing attention in field applications. The Hybrid method has the advantages both CGI and WAG processes. Laboratory studies of gas injection methods to show the optimum method and the effect of pressure on the performance of this method is the main objective of this project. Results obtained from these tests can be used in the Enhanced Oil Recovery scenarios for this reservoir. In this project, experiments for Continuous Gas...
Investigating the efficiency of MEOR processes using Enterobacter cloacae and Bacillus stearothermophilus SUCPM#14 (biosurfactant-producing strains) in carbonated reservoirs, Article Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering ; Volume 113 , January , 2014 , Pages 46-53 ; ISSN: 09204105 ; Niazi, A ; Oboodi, V ; Ravanbakhsh, M ; Hezave, A. Z ; Ayatollahi, S ; Raeissi, S ; Sharif University of Technology
Microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) process is divided into two main categories, namely in-situ and ex-situ techniques. It utilizes reservoir microorganisms or specially selected bacteria to use their metabolites for more oil recovery from depleted oil reservoirs. In the present study, the potential of two biosurfactant-producing strains of Enterobacter cloacae and Bacillus stearothermophilus SUCPM#14 were investigated on tertiary oil recovery efficiency in carbonated cores using different designed injection protocols. The required operational time, process cost and proper selection of bacterial formulation during the MEOR process were the main objectives of this study. The results of...
Article Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology ; Volume 3, Issue 3 , September , 2013 , Pages 179-188 ; 21900558 (ISSN) ; Ayatollahi, S ; Rahmanifard, H ; Jahanmiri, A ; Riazi, M ; Sharif University of Technology
Naturally fractured reservoirs (NFRs) contribute in large extent to oil and gas production to the ever increasing market demand of fossil energy. It is believed that the vertical displacement of oil during gas injection assisted by gravity drainage (GAGD) is one of the most efficient methods for oil recovery in these reservoirs. Hence, in this work, unconsolidated packed models of cylindrical geometry surrounded by fracture were utilized in order to perform a series of flow visualization experiments during which the contribution of different parameters such as the extent of matrix permeability, physical properties of oil (viscosity, density, and surface tension) and the withdrawal rate was...
Modification of rock/fluid and fluid/fluid interfaces during MEOR processes, using two biosurfactant producing strains of Bacillus stearothermophilus SUCPM#14 and Enterobacter cloacae: A mechanistic study, Article Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces ; Vol. 117 , May , 2014 , pp. 457-465 ; ISSN: 09277765 ; Zeinolabedini Hezave, A ; Mohammadi, S ; Niazi, A ; Ayatollahi, S ; Sharif University of Technology
During any microbial enhanced oil recovery process, both cells and the metabolic products of bacteria govern the tertiary oil recovery efficiency. However, very accurate examination is needed to find the functionality of these tiny creatures at different reservoir conditions. In this regard, the effect of cell structure on ultimate microbial recovery efficiency which is the most dominant mechanism based on the microorganism types (gram-negative or gram-positive) was systematically investigated. At the first stage, possible different active mechanisms using Bacillus stearothermophilus SUCPM#14 strain were tested using specially designed injection protocol, in situ and ex situ core flooding...
Article Special Topics and Reviews in Porous Media ; Volume 1, Issue 2 , 2010 , Pages 179-191 ; 21514798 (ISSN) ; Rostami, B ; Kharrat, R ; Ayatollahi, Sh ; Ghotbi, C ; Sharif University of Technology
The amount of residual oil trapped in the matrix of a fractured reservoir after water drive, either natural water drive or water injection, depends on the wettability of the matrix rocks. Gas oil gravity drainage (GOGD) has been proposed as the tertiary oil recovery process for this type of oil reservoir. The current work focuses on experimental investigation of tertiary GOGD in fractured porous media under different types of matrix wettability. Results of a set of experiments performed in artificial porous media composed of sand packs and glass beads of different wettability have been used to check the GOGD rate and the ultimate oil recovery for previously waterflooded models. A novel...
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The Texarkana Arkansas Police Department is urging the public to help keep the streets safe this St. Patrick’s Day by drinking responsibly and designating a sober driver before heading to the local parade or pub. Statistics from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration show that over the past five years, 851 people lost their lives in motor vehicles crashes during the St. Patrick’s Day holiday. Out of that number, 327 were killed in crashes that involved a drunk driver or motorcycle rider (operator) with a blood alcohol concentration of .08 or higher.
“St. Patrick’s Day is supposed to be a time to celebrate Irish heritage and gather with friends, but it can quickly end in tragedy due to impaired driving,” said Sgt. Todd Harness. “If you plan on drinking, don’t rely on luck to keep you safe or to keep you out of trouble. Be responsible and take appropriate precautions.”
The Texarkana Arkansas Police Department recommends the following tips:
- Plan a safe way home before your celebrations begin
- If you plan to get a ride home with someone else, designate a sober driver before any drinking begins
- If you’re impaired, use a taxi, call a sober friend or family member, or use public transportation so you are sure to get home safely
- If you happen to see a drunk driver on the road, don’t hesitate to contact your local law enforcement
- And remember, if you know someone who is about to drive or ride their motorcycle while impaired, take their keys and help them make other arrangements to get to where they are going safely.
“Driving impaired or riding with someone who is impaired is an extremely risky thing to do,” said Sgt. Harness. “If you plan on using alcohol, plan ahead and look out for your friends too. Remember, friends don’t let friends drive drunk.”
According to NHTSA research, impaired driving remains one of America’s deadliest problems. In 2007, 41,059 people nationwide were killed in motor vehicle crashes. Out of that number 12,998 people were killed in traffic crashes that involved at least one driver or motorcycle rider (operator) with a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of .08 or higher. To learn more, please visit www.StopImpairedDriving.org.
Thank you and you can visit the Texarkana Arkansas Police Department online at http://www.txkusa.org/arkpolice.
Officer Kristi Mitchell
Public Information Officer
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Jordan, home to several refugee camps, is facing a resource crisis during the last ten years. In an already resource-poor, food-deficient country, the influx of Syrian refugees, accounting for almost 10% of Jordan’s population has added great pressure to the economy. Consequently, one of the biggest problems facing Jordan today is finding a way to feed its swelling population and secure a safe and healthy shelter for families (Rotsky, 2016).
One of the main local NGOs, which made significant strides towards alleviating hunger in Jordan is Tkiyet Um Ali (TUA). It was established in 2003 to represent the first initiative of its kind in the Arab World that seeks to eradicate hunger. TUA has established a comprehensive database of more than 54,000 poor families in Jordan to identify their situation and specify their needs. Accordingly, and besides their flagship “Feeding Program”, other programs have been introduced that aim at enhancing the living standards of these families. One of the most impactful and successful programs is the “House Renovation” program.
TUA believes that the success of the House Renovation program is achieved through creating strong partnerships with other local organizations and private sector companies. This forecast SROI study has been prepared to enable TUA understand the real social value of this program; not only on poor families, but also on supporting companies, local organizations and employees.Download Report
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What are the main motives at the beginning of the Puritan Anne Bradstreet’s poem?
As we mentioned before, Puritan Plain Style tends not to use elaborate figures of speech, but in this poem, we can find different literary devices such as allusions or inversions. Allusions are the most important literary device used in this poem and consist of a brief and indirect reference to a person, event or thing. The writer usually expects the reader to be able to recognize them. In the case of this poem, we encounter several biblical allusions (which we will analyze later), and we see how Bradstreet can create strong religious messages within the context of an everyday situation. On the other hand, we encounter an inversion when we have sentences that are not written in their normal word order. This often used to maintain the rhyme scheme or meter in a poem and makes sentences seem to have a more complex meaning than what they really have.
As we begin reading the poem, Anne starts describing the moment she realized her house was on fire. The first four lines of this stanza are full of inversions like “In silent night rest I took” or “For sorrow near I did not look.” From lines 8-10, Bradstreet asks God to save her and is grateful that she has only lost material goods, but we can also see that she does not fully trust him as she asks God not to leave her without comfort instead of just simply trusting that he will do what is best for her.
After that, Anne tries to comfort herself. We find an allusion in line 14 to Job: 1:21 “The Lord giveth and the Lord taketh away” with which we see that she realizes that she cannot complain about what happened because God is the creator and has the right to take her things away. Bradstreet also tries to accept the loss of her possessions and tries to submit herself to God. This idea of submission is really present in Puritan faith.
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Everyone here at some point of time must have desired of strolling in their street block, flaunting their shredded or buffed biceps & triceps bulging out from their tank tops. Wait, but only desiring such scenario won’t help much. You got to work and earn them in the first place.
Besides giving you a charismatic look, arms are also a parameter to show how powerful you are. They are in fact the most versatile organs of your body as they provide assistance in all your basic daily activities and help in almost all the upper body workouts as well.
Sportskeeda is here with articles and blogs comprising of arm workout tips and the anatomy of the forearms, biceps and triceps, their function and location in the body.
The human arms are divided into 2 basic regions namely upper arms and forearms, both are connected by vital elbow joint and the latter end of forearm is connected to the hand by wrist joint.
Starting with the upper arms, it is divided into 2 main subdivisions- anterior compartment, located in front of your humerus and posterior compartment, located behind the humerus.
Anterior compartment: This region has 3 main muscles-
- Biceps brachii: Or in other terms referred to as your biceps. This muscle contains two heads. One starts at the front and the other at back of your shoulder before flowing together at your elbow while managing the 4 functions- flexion, extension, abduction and adduction.
- Brachialis: This muscle acts as a base for your biceps. It is a kind of bridge between the humerus and ulna, one of the main bones of your forearm.
- Coracobrachialis: This muscle is located near your shoulder. It helps to stabilize your humerus within your shoulder joint.
Posterior compartment: This section of upper arm is made up of 2 muscles-
- Triceps brachii: Or in other terms referred to as your triceps. This runs along your humerus and allows for the movements of your forearm. Also helps in stabilizing your shoulder joint.
- Anconeus: This small sized muscle is a kind of extension to your triceps as it helps triceps to extend your elbow and rotate your forearm.
Lower Arms, or Forearms
Now comes the forearm section. This region has muscles overlapped in layers and divided into basically 2 compartments namely posterior and anterior, alike the divisions in the upper arms.
Anterior compartment: This comprises mainly of 3 layers- superficial, intermediate and deep layer, in the order as the name suggests.
- Superficial layer consists of the muscles such as flexor carpi ulnaris, pronator teres and palmaris longus, with the sole function of flexion and adduction of the wrist.
- Intermediate layer has only one muscle- flexor digitorum. The muscle flexes your second, third, fourth, and fifth fingers.
- Deep layer of the anterior compartment contains the flexor pollicis longus and flexor digitorum profundus, with the function of thumb and wrist flexion respectively.
Posterior compartment: This section of the forearms comprises of only 2 layers- superficial and deep, but the constitution in these layers is more complicated and intense as compared to its anterior counterpart.
- Superficial layer consists of the muscle like brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus and Extensor digitorum. When you flex your forearm or extend your hand at your wrist joint, it is these muscle who are at work.
- Deep layer of the posterior compartment consists of the muscles like supinator, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis and extensor indices. These muscle do some vital functioning such as extending your index finger and thumb.These muscles allows your forearm to rotate outward to your palm faces up.
This was the anatomy of our arm. Sportskeeda will make sure that you develop each muscle of the arm by penning effective workout tips, which if followed, will bear guaranteed results.
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The easiest choice may not be the best choice when it comes to health care
Sticking with the status quo may seem like the easiest choice, but you may you may be paying more than you need to for health insurance
When faced with choices that sound confusing, it’s human nature to hold tight to what we already have. Introduce the word “insurance,” and most people head for the hills.
But good health insurance is ultimately about financial security and access to the health care you need. It’s in your best interest to consider all your options and think carefully about what is best for you – because insurance isn’t one size fits all.
As you may know, people who had their plans since March 23, 2010, were allowed to keep them even if they don’t meet the Affordable Care Act standards; President Obama recently extended that option, allowing insurance companies to renew non-compliant plans in 2014 for everyone. Anthem announced that people that have bought its plans since March of this year have until mid-December to renew policies that won’t be offered in 2014. People can also stay on the state’s high-risk plan into 2014.
Sticking with the status quo may seem like the easiest choice, but be aware that you may be settling for an insurance plan that won’t meet your needs and you may be paying more than you need to.
The reason policies are being discontinued is that they don’t offer a complete array of benefits. They may limit what health care they pay for or have unaffordable cost-sharing. In a crisis, you may find yourself under-insured and paying more than you would under a plan that meets the Affordable Care Act guidelines.
Financial assistance is available for many, but only if you buy insurance through the marketplace. For those considering staying on the state’s high-risk plan, keep in mind when you transition coverage, your deductible may restart – even if it hasn’t been a full year; the same is true if you early renew your insurance.
The good news is that finding out what new options are available is getting easier every day.
For starters, you can go on healthcare.gov. In the last few weeks, many of the bugs have been worked out and it keeps getting better. More and more Granite Staters are finding out about the improved coverage and financial assistance — tax credits and subsidies — they can receive if they buy their insurance through the new marketplace.
Recent reports say 90 percent of people who went back on the website have been able to create accounts the second time around. We don’t know if these people bought a policy, but they got into the system and got information about their options.
The other option is to reach out to one of the new trained and certified assisters located across the state. Assisters won’t keep any of your personal information. It is entered into your private account on the federal website; it doesn’t remain in their hands. You can also get help from an insurance broker that is registered to help you explore your options through the marketplace.
Together, you will boot up the computer and walk through the website until you have the information you need. These professionals can make sure you know and understand your options – including costs, deductibles, co-pays, prescription or dental benefits and whether your doctor is in the plan – and brokers can help you choose a plan.
You can also shop for plans from insurers outside of the marketplace, including those with broad provider networks.
No one has to make a decision on the spot. Once you get information about the health plans, costs and financial assistance, you can take that information with you, think about it and talk to your family. When you’re ready, you can enroll – or not.
Some people may still opt to stay on their old health plans, but it should be a decision you make understanding all your options and the relative pros and cons. No one likes to think about getting sick or injured – but if the worst happens, you’ll be glad you took the time to get the coverage you need.
Lisa Kaplan Howe is policy director of Concord-based NH Voices for Health.
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Only 11 new cases of Covid-19 reported on Monday.
Tuesday, 21 September 2021 | PNS | Dehradun
Uttarakhand achieved a milestone in the ongoing battle against the pandemic of Covid-19 when it crossed the mark of administering one crore doses of the vaccine on Monday. The state health department administered 74,572 doses of vaccine on the day in 1077 sessions held in different parts of the state.
As per the data of the state health department 72,42,874 people in the state have received the first dose of vaccine while 27,86,119 have received both doses of the vaccine which means that the department has administered more than one crore doses of the vaccine in the state.
Congratulating the health department for the feat of administering one crore doses of vaccine, the health minister Dhan Singh Rawat said that everyone should get vaccinated without any hesitation.
Expressing happiness at the achievement the founder of Social Development for Communities (SDC) foundation, Anoop Nautiyal said the people should continue adhering to the Covid-19 safety protocols.
Meanwhile the cumulative count of Covid-19 patients in the state increased to 3,43,393 on Monday with the state health department reporting only 11 new cases of the state. A total of 3,29,651 patients have recovered from the disease so far while 7390 people have lost their lives to Covid -19 till date. The recovery percentage from the disease is at 96 while the sample positivity rate on Monday was 0.07 per cent.
The state health department reported two new patients of Covid -19 from Pauri, Pithoragarh, Almora and Chamoli districts on Monday while one Bageshwar, Dehradun and Nainital districts reported one patient of the disease on the day.
No new cases of the disease were reported from Champawat, Haridwar, Rudraprayag, Tehri, Udham Singh Nagar and Uttarkashi districts on Monday.
The state now has 267 active cases of Covid-19. Dehradun with 129 cases is at the top of the table of active cases while Pauri has 30 active cases. Tehri has active cases of the disease.
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Are you planning to escape the hustle and bustle of big cities for a more tranquil and quiet environment? If yes, consider moving to a small town. A bigger city presents better job opportunities, but it’s not the best place to enjoy a safe, quiet, and peaceful lifestyle.
When looking for somewhere to stay, you’ll have to decide whether to move to a big city or a small town. However, we’ve witnessed an unprecedented increase in the number of people moving to small towns. Thankfully, we are about to find out why that happens:
Reasons to Move to a Small Town
So, what makes small towns so appealing to many people? Moving to a small town comes with numerous benefits, like affordable housing and a peaceful environment.
Now, let’s dive deeper into the benefits you’ll enjoy when you move to a small town.
Affordable Housing Costs
It’s no secret that houses in smaller towns are more affordable than in big cities. You’ll be surprised by the amount of money you’ll save by renting a home in a small town. You’ll even find it easier to buy a house in a small town than in a big city.
Notably, the amount of money you could spend buying a small apartment near a big city would be enough for a more spacious home in a small town. The new build homes in Keswick are an excellent example of spacious family homes with big yards.
Refreshing Peace and Quite Neighborhoods
There’s usually much noise in big cities, right from blaring sirens, hooting cars, to the everyday hustles and bustles. However, living in a small town comes with a refreshing peace that you won’t find in big cities. It’s because there is less noise in the small cities.
Another advantage of a peaceful neighbourhood is that it’s suitable for quiet activities, such as meditation, reading, and yoga. So, if you are after peace and calmness, consider moving to a smaller town where there are no hooting cars and construction works.
Lower Cost of Living
It is no doubt that the cost of living is generally cheaper in small towns than in big cities. You’ll buy everything at affordable prices, from housing rents, groceries, gas, food, and utility supplies. In other words, the prices of consumer goods are usually low.
Not to mention, expenses like insurance rates, property taxes, and restaurant prices are also low in small towns. You’ll generally get more value out of your money when you live in a small town than in a big city.
Lower Crime Rates
Would you want to live in a neighbourhood where thieves keep breaking into people’s houses? Of course not! Unfortunately, big cities have recorded high crime rates for the past few years, making them insecure. You wouldn’t even walk alone at night.
The good news is, small towns are 80 percent more secure than big cities due to a few criminal cases. You don’t have to install top security technologies in your home, helping you save on security costs. Besides, police density is usually high in small towns.
Strong Sense of Community
A strong community appeal is one of the biggest advantages of living in a small town. It is the best place to retire, raise a family, and enjoy life. Rest assured that you’ll get adequate communal support when you move to a small town, as everyone cares for each other.
It’s not easy to get noticed by someone when you live in a big city. But when you move to a smaller town, you’ll interact more with your neighbours. Expect your new neighbours to introduce themselves to you when you move to a smaller town.
Low Competition Between Businesses
New businesses in big urban cities strive to thrive but face stiff competition from other well-established companies. So, if you’re to start a new business in a big city, you’ll struggle to find your first clients. However, that doesn’t happen in small towns.
Businesses in small towns face less competition, making the environment friendlier and more favourable for startups. You won’t struggle to find new customers when you open a new business. Not to mention, you’ll enjoy the benefits of customers’ loyalty.
Improved Job Security
It’s no doubt that big cities provide more job opportunities than small towns. However, it is not a guarantee that you’ll stay in that job forever because the job market is very competitive. So, it’s challenging to build a long-term relationship with employers.
If employed in a small town, the chances are high you won’t lose your job soon, especially if highly-qualified. The job market is less competitive, and it’s easy to build a long-term relationship with employers because they value all their workers.
Less Traffic and Air Pollution
It is so intimidating and annoying to get trapped in heavy traffic on your way home or work. Unfortunately, that’s what happens to many people living in big cities. The best way to escape heavy traffic is by moving to a small town.
If you move to a small town, you won’t compete with hundreds or thousands of vehicles to drive from one point to another. Instead, you’ll enjoy shorter commutes, less traffic, and cleaner air since few cars are moving on the roads.
Moving to a small town is incredibly beneficial. You’ll enjoy a peaceful environment, low living costs, improved job security, and a strong community sense. However, you need to visit the small town before the moving day to learn more about it.
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Berlin - Berlin's Jewish community denounced on Thursday the city's rejection of male circumcisions conducted by traditional specialists, saying the restriction was “flagrant interference” in religion.
The city-state of Berlin had announced a day earlier that it would not prosecute doctors conducting the ritual on boys in accordance with ancient Jewish and Muslim practice. But it said a mohel, a professional Jewish circumciser, could not claim the privilege.
The assembly of the city Jewish community passed a unanimous resolution saying, “this is flagrant interference in a Jewish tradition going back more than 3,000 years.”
A mohel is trained in the circumcision of baby boys and must live strictly according to kosher rules. Jewish groups said it would be rare to find a man who is both a mohel and a doctor at the same time.
The city-state said immunity from prosecution would apply on its territory if doctors used painkillers and obtained written parental consent and proof that the family belonged to a Jewish or Muslim community. Two other states said they had set similar conditions.
A legal row erupted after a ruling in June by a court in Cologne, which found that a doctor had inflicted unlawful bodily harm by circumcising a 4-year-old Muslim boy at his parents' request.
Although the Cologne ruling was only binding in a small region, doctors across the country halted the operations for fear of prosecution. The federal government has said it will soon introduce a law to ensure circumcision remains legal.
Jews are also concerned that Germany will demand use of a local anaesthetic during circumcision. One of Israel's two chief rabbis has visited Berlin to say that this is not allowed in traditional circumcision.
Germany's President Joachim Gauck released Thursday a letter to his Israeli counterpart, Shimon Peres, assuring him “the way of life and beliefs of Jews in Germany” needed to be protected. Peres had earlier asked Gauck to intervene and speak up for Jews.
Jewish groups plan a demonstration on Sunday in Berlin with Christian supporters to protest against the restrictions on circumcision. They have appealed to Muslims to also take part.
Muslims in Germany mostly ask doctors to perform circumcisions and have no equivalent of the mohel. - Sapa-dpa
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Date (report) – The date the grading report was issued. If GIA reports are older than 2006, you might want to get the diamond re-graded.
De Beers – a company involved in the mining, processing and marketing of diamonds. De Beers also functions as a diamond cartel, controlling more than half of the entire market. In recent years, it has revamped and re-positioned itself in lieu of losing raw diamond distribution and supply to new sources.
Depth – the distance between the table (the top facet) and the culet (the bottom facet) of the diamond, usually expressed in millimeters or as a percentage of the girdle diameter.
Depth % – For rounds it is the depth of the diamond divided by the average diameter and for other shapes it is the depth divided by the width of the diamond.
Diagram Plot – a diagram that shows the shape and cutting style of a diamond. Typically, you will see the layout of the individual facets in a 2D plot.
Dimensions – For round shapes, the dimensions are stated as “largest diameter – smallest diameter X depth” and for other shapes, dimensions are shown in reports with the format of “length X width X depth”.
Dispersion – Light that is refracted by a diamond that usually results in colored light. As refracted light exits the diamond, this phenomenon is also known as fire.
Eye-Clean – a jargon used to describe diamonds that have no imperfections visible to the unaided naked eye.
Eight-Cut – smaller, pavement diamonds which only feature 18 small facets instead of the 58-facet full cut.
Estate – A piece of jewelry that is being sold as 2nd hand.
Facet – the polished planes of a final, cut diamond. A full-cut round brilliant features 57 facets.
Fancy Color – the “color” characteristic of diamonds only apply to usual diamonds which should be colorless. However, there are rare diamonds which feature a deeper saturation of colors that can range from green through vivid pink to purple, even black.
Flawless – Absolutely no inclusions or blemishes observable under 10X. The pinnacle of clarity grades which demands high premiums.
Finish – Polish and symmetry grades representing the quality of the diamond’s surface condition, and the size, shape and placement of the facets.
Fire – technically known as dispersion. It describes the ability of diamonds to scatter white light into the colors of the rainbow.
Fisheye – is a phenomenon that is observed in shallow cut round diamonds. Affected diamonds appear to have a centrally dark circular pattern under the table resembling the eye of a fish.
Fluorescence – Diamonds placed in UV (ultraviolet) light or even strong sunlight might exhibit a unique property called Fluorescence. Usually you’ll notice that these diamonds glow bluish in color. Depending on the diamond properties and the exact wavelength of the UV light that passes through, a huge variety of other colors can be observed too.
GIA – Gemological Institute of America, the most renowned issuer of diamond certificates with its headquarters at USA, Carlsberg.
Girdle – the widest diameter of the diamond, situated between the crown and the culet. The girdle can be faceted, polished or unpolished.
Gemologist – a professional whose area of expertise is the study of different gemstones. These professionals rarely operate individually. They are usually a member of some associations or institutes, like the Gemological Institute of America (see GIA above)
Graining – Graining/grain lines reflect irregularities in the diamond’s structure. Colorless graining usually does not affect the clarity grade significantly. However, reflective graining that are white or colored will downgrade the clarity of a diamond.
Head – refers to the prongs that hold a diamond in its setting.
Hearts and Arrows – an optical pattern identifiable in some ideally cut brilliant cut diamonds. The presence of these patterning is often used as a marketing tool to demonstrate precision cut.
Inclusion – apart from blemishes, inclusions are the other types of imperfections that commonly appear in diamonds. The number, size, type and relief of inclusions defines the clarity of a certain diamond.
Heavily included rough stone for industrial uses.
Industrial bort – Low quality or very tiny diamonds are often used for industrial purposes. For example, industrial bort is usually used for grinding or cutting softer materials.
Internally flawless – the second highest clarity grade. Denotes a diamond that does not have any inclusions visible at 10X but allows the presence of minor blemishes on the surface.
Kimberley – a small town located in central South Africa. The town has gained worldwide fame thanks to the nearby diamond mine, commonly known as the “Big Hole”. The “Big Hole” has been considered the biggest cave dug by hand for decades.
Koh-i-Noor – probably the most well-known diamond ever. Today it is part of the British Crown Jewels.
Laser drilled – refers to a diamond that had been artificially enhanced in clarity to remove inclusions by means of a laser beam.
Length-to-width ratio – a ratio found by dividing the length and the width of a given diamond. It also expresses how round or square is a diamond. For other fancy shapes, it refers to the degree of being oval, rectangular or just simply elongated.
Loupe – a small magnifying glass used by jewelers worldwide to examine the quality goods. Standard magnification is tenfold. Loupes are simple tools that can and should be used by consumers too.
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C9 aloe vera: 11 Thing You're Forgetting to Do
Acne is a quite common illness. People who have it are inclined to acquire very similar sorts of questions on it and its treatment method. This portion addresses some of the typical queries requested by those with acne. You should keep in mind that your dermatologist is always the best source of certain information about your person health concerns, together with acne.
Thoughts and Remedy does follows:
one. What leads to acne?
The brings about of acne are connected to the adjustments that take place as young people experienced from childhood to adolescence (puberty). The hormones that trigger physical maturation also lead to the sebaceous (oil) glands of the skin to make far more sebum (oil). The hormones with the best effect on sebaceous glands are androgens (male hormones), which might be present in girls along with males, but in bigger quantities in males.
Sebaceous glands are found along with a hair shaft in a unit named a sebaceous follicle. For the duration of puberty, the cells of the skin that line the follicle start to lose extra promptly. In those who develop acne, cells drop and adhere with each other much more so than in folks who tend not to produce acne. When cells blend with the greater level of sebum staying generated, they can plug the opening from the follicle. In the meantime, the sebaceous glands continue to supply sebum, along with the follicle swells up with sebum.
Additionally, a standard pores and skin germs identified as P. acnes, starts to multiply quickly within the clogged hair follicle. In the method, these microbes create irritating substances that could potentially cause inflammation. Sometimes, the wall on the follicle bursts, spreading inflammation on the surrounding pores and skin. This can be the procedure by which acne lesions, from blackheads to pimples to nodules, are shaped.
2. I wash my confront a number of periods on a daily basis. How come I continue to get acne?
Lots of people however feel that acne is due to dirty skin. The reality is, washing on your own is not going to very clear up or reduce acne. Washing does, nonetheless, assist take out excessive area oils and lifeless pores and skin cells. Lots of individuals use all kinds of merchandise, such as alcohol-based mostly cleansers, and scrub vigorously, only to irritate the pores and skin additional and worsen their acne. Washing the pores and skin twice every day gently with water as well as a gentle soap is generally all that is required. On the other hand, acne is in fact a result of several different biologic factors which might be past the Charge of washing. For that purpose, you should use proper acne treatment options to the acne.
three. Does tension trigger acne?
Strain clean 9 fit 15 is often blamed for the development of acne. Pressure may have lots of aloe vera c9 forever living physiologic consequences on your body, which includes variations in hormones that could theoretically bring about acne. In some instances the worry may well in fact be because of the acne lesions, not the opposite way all over! If your acne is remaining treated efficiently, pressure is not going to obtain Significantly impact on the vast majority of men and women.
four. I by no means experienced acne as being a teen. Why am I now getting acne as an Grownup?
Ordinarily, acne commences at puberty and is particularly gone by the early 20s. Sometimes, acne might persist into adulthood. This kind of different types of acne include serious types that have an impact on your body as well as the face (which afflict males over women) and acne connected with the menstrual cycle in Women of all ages. In other situations, acne might not current by itself until eventually adulthood. These types of acne is a lot more very likely to affect ladies than males.
There are many factors for this. As ladies grow old, the pattern of alterations in hormones may well alone adjust, disposing sebaceous glands to produce acne. Ovarian cysts and pregnancy may also result in hormonal changes that bring on acne. Some women get acne if they discontinue start Command products that have been retaining acne at bay. In some cases young women may well have on cosmetics which might be comedogenic-which is, they can create ailments that trigger comedones to form.
5. What job does diet Enjoy in acne?
Acne just isn't brought on by foods. Subsequent a rigid diet regime will likely not, apparent your skin. Although a number of people feel that their acne is aggravated by certain foods, especially chocolate, colas, peanuts, shellfish and many fatty foods, there is no scientific evidence that suggests meals results in or influences acne. Keep away from any foods which manage to worsen your acne and, to your overall wellness, take in a balanced eating plan–but food plan shouldn’t truly make any difference If your acne is remaining correctly handled.
six. Does the Sunshine assistance acne?
Many individuals feel that sunlight enhances their acne lesions and head to terrific lengths to uncover resources of ultraviolet mild. There is no confirmed effect of sunlight on acne. Also, ultraviolet light in sunlight enhances the possibility of skin most cancers and early ageing in the skin. It is actually, hence, not a advisable procedure of acne administration, Particularly considering the fact that there are many other established forms of therapy for acne. What's more, a lot of acne remedies increase the skin’s sensitivity to ultraviolet light, producing the risk of ultraviolet light-weight publicity every one of the worse.
seven. What is The easiest way to take care of acne?
Absolutely everyone’s acne needs to be treated separately. In case you have not gotten superior outcomes in the acne merchandise you have got tried, contemplate observing a dermatologist. Your dermatologist will choose which treatment plans are finest for yourself. For more info about the kinds of acne therapies that exist, and for simple acne cure clean 9 diet suggestions, remember to see Acne Treatment options in the principle A part of AcneNet.
8. What type of cosmetics and cleansers can an acne client use?
Hunt for “noncomedogenic” cosmetics and toiletries. These solutions have already been formulated to ensure that they will not result in acne.
Some acne medications lead to irritation or pronounced dryness especially in the early months of therapy, and some cosmetics and cleansers can in fact worsen this outcome. The choice of cosmetics and cleansers must be built with all your dermatologist or pharmacist.
Hefty foundation makeup ought to be prevented. Most acne patients should pick out powder blushes and eye shadow above cream goods mainly because they are fewer irritating and noncomedogenic. Camouflaging techniques can be utilized proficiently by applying a green undercover beauty more than purple acne lesions to promote coloration blending.
9. Can it be hazardous to squeeze my blemishes?
Indeed. On the whole, acne lesions should not be picked or squeezed by the individual. Particularly, inflammatory acne lesions ought to never ever be squeezed. Squeezing forces contaminated materials further into the skin, resulting in more inflammation and achievable scarring.
ten. Can anything at all be done about scarring due to acne?
Scarring is best prevented by acquiring rid from the acne. Dermatologists can use various ways to improve the scarring due to acne. The treatment method ought to usually be individualized for the specific client. Chemical peels might be employed in some people, while dermabrasion or laser abrasion may reward Other individuals. It is crucial the acne be perfectly controlled just before any procedure is utilized to reduce scarring.
eleven. How much time before I see a visual result from making use of my acne medication?
Enough time for improvement depends on the product or service being used, but in Pretty much all scenarios it is a lot more a make a difference of weeks or months instead of times. Most dermatologists would advocate the usage of a medication
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Everything you ever wanted to know about the MCA!
The Mental Capacity Act (MCA) protects and empowers people who may lack the mental capacity to make their own decisions about their care and treatment. It applies to people aged 16 and over.
The MCA covers decisions about everyday things, like what to wear or what to buy for the weekly shop. It also covers serious life-changing decisions.
In this episode of Safeguarding Matters, Laura Thorpe talks to ACT’s safeguarding adults lead Lisa Curtis about the MCA. They talk about the key principles of the act, and who it applies to. They also discuss more detailed aspects of the MCA, such as lasting powers of attorney and the need for the “least restrictive” option in every decision.
PLEASE NOTE! We’re aware of the sound issues on this podcast. We’ll record a new version and upload it as soon as possible.
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Taenia solium cysticercosis is a public health and agricultural problem in many low and middle-income countries where health education, sanitation, pig management practices and meat inspection infrastructure are insufficient. Cysticercosis affects both human and animal health and has important economic consequences. Very few studies have been conducted to evaluate the monetary burden of cysticercosis. This study aimed at estimating the 2015 costs associated with cysticercosis in humans and pigs in Mexico.
The monetary burden of human cysticercosis was estimated based on costs incurred by living with and treating epilepsy and severe chronic headaches associated with neurocysticercosis (NCC). The estimated cost of porcine cysticercosis took into consideration losses due to the reduction in the price of cysticercosis-infected animals. Epidemiologic and economic data were obtained from the published literature, government reports, and setting-specific questionnaires. Latin hypercube sampling methods were employed to sample the distributions of uncertain parameters and to estimate 95% credible regions (95% CRs). All results are reported in 2015 U.S.$.
The overall monetary burden associated with NCC morbidity was estimated at U.S.$215,775,056 (95% CR U.S.$109,309,560 –U.S.$361,924,224), with U.S.$436 (95% CR: U.S.$296 –U.S.$604) lost per patient. If loss of future years of income and productivity due to NCC-associated deaths was included, this value increased by U.S.$54.26 million, assuming that these individuals earned Mexico’s median wage salary. An additional U.S.$19,507,171 (95% CR U.S.$5,734,782 –U.S.$35,913,487) was estimated to be lost due to porcine cysticercosis.
Taenia solium cysticercosis is a parasitic disease, which can be transmitted between humans and pigs in areas of the world where pigs are raised in a traditional manner and latrines are not always used by the local population. Because cysticercosis affects humans and pigs, it is important to assess how much this infection costs both the public health and agricultural sectors in endemic countries such as Mexico. Costs associated with infection of both humans and pigs, in Mexico, were estimated using the literature, questionnaires, and publicly available data. Study findings suggest that T. solium cysticercosis results in considerable monetary losses to Mexico. The methodology developed here can be applied to estimate the monetary burden of cysticercosis in other regions in order to better prioritize disease control initiatives.
Citation: Bhattarai R, Carabin H, Proaño JV, Flores-Rivera J, Corona T, Flisser A, et al. (2019) The monetary burden of cysticercosis in Mexico. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 13(7): e0007501. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007501
Editor: Mar Siles-Lucas, IRNASA, CSIC, SPAIN
Received: December 19, 2018; Accepted: May 31, 2019; Published: July 10, 2019
Copyright: © 2019 Bhattarai et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Data Availability: All relevant data are within the manuscript and its Supporting Information files.
Funding: The authors received no specific funding for this work.
Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Cysticercosis is a public health and agricultural problem caused by the larvae of the zoonotic cestode Taenia solium. Humans are the definitive hosts of T. solium, with adult tapeworms found in the intestines after ingestion of undercooked pork containing cysticerci. Infection with the adult stage of the parasite is known as taeniasis. Pigs acquire cysticercosis when ingesting eggs shed in the feces of humans with taeniasis. Porcine cysticercosis results in the development of cysts in the muscles, including the tongue, heart and diaphragm, the brain, and other organ systems . When humans accidentally ingest eggs shed in the feces of an infected human, they develop larval cysts (cysticercosis) similar to infected pigs. Neurocysticercosis (NCC) occurs when T. solium cysticerci infect the central nervous system, which can result in symptoms such as epilepsy, severe chronic headaches, hydrocephalus, stroke, and dementia .
Porcine cysticercosis and NCC have important economic consequences [3,4]. NCC incurs direct and indirect costs. Direct costs include fees associated with medical services, diagnostic procedures, surgical interventions, prescribed chemotherapeutic treatment, hospitalization, and traditional therapies. Indirect costs are associated with loss of working days due to visits to a healthcare provider or hospitalization, loss of working days due to illness not requiring immediate medical attention, over-the-counter medication, loss of income due to reduced productivity, transportation to and from medical treatment, and time lost by the patient’s family to take care of them or to accompany them to receive medical care . In pigs, cysticercosis can lead to partial or full condemnation of the carcass and economic losses in areas where meat is inspected . In some areas, pigs are evaluated for the presence of cysts in the tongue via palpation. The owner of a pig suspected of being infected with cysticercosis will usually receive a lower price for the animal or will be unable to sell the animal. NCC has been shown to result in a significant economic burden to people in Mexico requiring hospitalization . However, no previous study has evaluated the burden of cysticercosis in Mexico incorporating both human and pig losses. Cysticercosis-associated monetary losses to both the human health and agricultural sectors have been evaluated in South Africa, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Cameroon, Tanzania, and India [3,4,10–12]. Studies are needed to estimate the burden of cysticercosis in endemic countries to facilitate comparisons with other locally important health conditions and to better prioritize disease control initiatives. The research presented here provides the first estimate of the monetary burden of human NCC-associated epilepsy and severe chronic headaches and porcine cysticercosis for the country of Mexico.
Materials and methods
Mexico is the third largest country in Latin America, with a 2015 population of almost 125 million and an annual population growth rate of 1.18% . It is the eleventh most populous country in the world, with 21% of the population living in rural areas . Traditional pig rearing practices in T. solium-endemic areas allow pigs to have access to human feces in open fields facilitating the completion of the T. solium life cycle [14,15]. Confined pigs in yards next to dwellings may also have direct access to poorly maintained outdoor latrines .
Estimation of the number of NCC cases with epilepsy and severe chronic headaches in Mexico
The exact number of NCC cases in Mexico is not known. The proportion of people with NCC who develop epilepsy, severe chronic headaches or other clinical manifestations is also unknown. Therefore, the numbers of cases of NCC-associated epilepsy and NCC-associated severe chronic headaches in 2015, in urban and rural areas of Mexico, were estimated based on the model used in . Details on the epidemiologic parameters used to estimate the number of NCC cases with epilepsy and severe chronic headaches are provided as supporting information (S1 Supporting Information).
Treatment-seeking behavior of people with NCC in Mexico
People with NCC-associated epilepsy and severe chronic headaches were divided into two categories; 1) those who do not seek modern medical treatment, and 2) those who seek modern medical treatment. Modern medical treatment is defined as western medicine. These categories were further divided into sub-categories (see the next sections). Fig 1 depicts the treatment end-points for Mexicans with NCC-associated epilepsy and severe chronic headaches. Literature-based information on healthcare-seeking behavior and treatment gaps was used to estimate the number of people with NCC in each of the above groups. A setting-specific questionnaire was developed in Spanish in 2014 to obtain information not found in the published literature. The details of this setting-specific questionnaire are presented as supporting information (S2 Supporting Information).
Note: Please refer to Table 1 for information concerning the uncertainty distributions associated with the specific parameters. All data were stratified by rural/urban residence. Localities of 2,500 or more inhabitants were considered urban (UN 2010).
People with NCC-associated epilepsy or severe chronic headaches seeking modern medical treatment
A recent systematic review of epilepsy and NCC in Latin America was used to estimate the number of NCC-associated epilepsy cases receiving modern medical treatment in urban and rural areas of Mexico . The percentage of patients with severe chronic headaches not seeking modern medical care was assumed to be 10% more than that of epilepsy patients due to the generally greater clinical severity of epilepsy. This estimate was based on studies conducted in the United Kingdom (U.K.) where the epilepsy treatment gap was reported at 2%, while the migraine treatment gap was 14% [19,20] (Table 1). People with NCC receiving modern medical treatment were further broken down into six sub-categories representing the highest level of care obtained; i) those who receive medical attention from a primary care provider, ii) those who receive medical attention from both a primary care provider and a traditional healer, iii) those who receive medical attention from a secondary care provider and are not hospitalized, iv) those who receive medical attention from a secondary care provider and are hospitalized, v) those who receive medical attention at a tertiary care hospital and are not hospitalized, and vi) those who receive medical attention at a tertiary care hospital and are hospitalized.
In Mexico, people with epilepsy or severe chronic headaches generally initially seek treatment at a primary care clinic. Hence, all NCC patients seeking modern care were assumed to have visited a primary care physician. A proportion of NCC patients seen at a primary care clinic are referred for further treatment at a higher care facility. For epilepsy patients in urban areas, data from a 2007 study conducted in Brazil and a 2010 study conducted in the U.K. were used due to a lack of published data from Mexico. The proportion was modeled as a uniform distribution between the U.K. study (23%) and the Brazilian study (59%) [21,22]. Similarly, the proportion of people with severe chronic headaches referred to upper level care in urban areas was assumed to follow a uniform distribution between an estimate from a study of people with migraine conducted in Latin America in 2005 (8%) and a study conducted in the United States (U.S.) in 1993 (30%) [23,24]. A 2003 U.S. study showed that urban physicians are twice as likely to refer people for upper level care on the suspicion of hereditary breast cancer compared to rural physicians . Since referral data based on a rural versus urban setting are not available from Mexico, the proportions of cases of epilepsy and severe chronic headaches referred in urban areas were multiplied by 0.5 to obtain the proportion of cases in rural areas.
The proportion of patients referred to a tertiary care hospital directly from a rural primary care clinic was based on questionnaire responses provided by physicians working in a primary care clinic in the state of Michoacán. The state of Michoacán was chosen since it is a known endemic area for cysticercosis and the authors had contacts within the local healthcare system and Ministry of Health that facilitated questionnaire distribution. The proportion of patients referred to a tertiary care hospital directly from a secondary care clinic was based on questionnaire responses provided by neurologists working in a secondary care clinic in Michoacán. The estimates were modeled as triangular distributions using the provided values for minimum, mode, and maximum. It was assumed that secondary care providers and tertiary hospitals are primarily located in urban areas; therefore, the proportions of patients that were referred to tertiary hospitals from secondary care clinics would be the same for both urban and rural areas.
The proportions of people with epilepsy or severe chronic headaches referred from a primary care provider to a secondary care provider, in rural areas, were estimated by subtracting the proportion of people referred to a tertiary care hospital from all referred patients with epilepsy and severe chronic headaches. Based on the assumption that the referral rate is double in urban areas, the values in rural areas were multiplied by two to estimate the proportions referred from primary to secondary care in urban areas.
People with NCC-associated epilepsy or severe chronic headaches not seeking modern medical treatment
It was assumed that some individuals with epilepsy or severe chronic headaches seek treatment exclusively from traditional healers. Questionnaire findings from employees at the Michoacán Office of the Ministry of Health estimated that an average of 23% (min: 0%, mode: 0%, max: 70%) and 26% (min: 0%, mode: 0%, max: 80%) of people with epilepsy and severe chronic headaches from rural areas, respectively, seek medical attention exclusively from traditional healers. Questionnaire findings are in line with a 2015 study conducted in rural Mexico where 33% of people with epilepsy sought treatment from traditional healers after their first seizure . There was no literature to support the proportion of people with severe chronic headaches seeking treatment from traditional healers in Mexico. However, questionnaire findings are similar to those of a study conducted in rural and urban Taiwan where 24% of people with migraines sought treatment from practitioners of traditional Chinese medicine . Triangular distributions using the minimum, mode, and maximum values from the questionnaires were used to estimate the number of NCC-associated epilepsy and severe chronic headaches cases seeking treatment solely from traditional healers in rural areas of Mexico.
According to Hoeven et al. 2012, individuals residing in rural areas of South Africa were twice as likely to prefer treatment from a traditional healer compared to individuals residing in urban areas . Since such data are not available from Mexico, the proportions of individuals with epilepsy and severe chronic headaches who seek medical attention exclusively from a traditional healer in rural areas were multiplied by 0.5 to obtain the proportions of individuals who seek medical attention exclusively from a traditional healer in urban areas. The numbers of NCC-associated epilepsy and severe chronic headaches cases seeking treatment solely from traditional healers were estimated by multiplying the number of NCC-associated epilepsy and NCC-associated severe chronic headaches cases in rural and urban areas by the proportion of people seeking treatment from traditional healers (Table 1).
The proportion of people with NCC-associated epilepsy or severe chronic headaches who do not receive any treatment was estimated by subtracting the proportion of people who only receive treatment from traditional healers from the proportion of people who do not seek modern medical treatment. These proportions were multiplied by the numbers of people with NCC-associated epilepsy and severe chronic headaches in rural and urban areas to obtain the respective numbers of people with NCC not receiving any form of treatment.
People with NCC-associated epilepsy or severe chronic headaches seeking both traditional and modern medical treatments
Questionnaire responses provided by employees of the Michoacán branch of Mexico’s Ministry of Health were used to estimate the proportion of NCC patients seeking care from both modern and traditional medicine in rural areas (35% for epilepsy and 31% for severe chronic headaches; see S2 Supporting Information). The estimate provided is consistent with findings from a study conducted in the Rio Grande Valley of Texas where 44% of Mexican Americans were found to use alternative medicine in addition to modern medicine . Based on the assumption that individuals residing in rural areas are twice as likely to prefer treatment from a traditional healer compared to individuals residing in urban areas, the above values were multiplied by 0.5 to estimate the proportion of people who seek medical attention from both a modern doctor and a traditional healer in urban areas.
Parameters associated with use of healthcare resources among NCC patients in Mexico
Parameters associated with the use of healthcare resources, including diagnostic testing and prescribed medications, by people with NCC-associated epilepsy and severe chronic headaches are provided as supporting information (S3 Supporting Information). For patients seeking care from primary care clinics, the frequency of doctor visits and prescribed medications were based on data provided by primary care physicians in Michoacán. For patients referred to secondary care clinics, the frequency of doctor visits, medications, diagnostic tests such as computed tomography (CT) scans and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and hospitalization were based on data provided by neurologists working at a secondary care clinic in Michoacán. Data on frequency of electroencephalogram (EEG) and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) testing for people who received treatment at a secondary care clinic were not available from study questionnaires and were assumed the same as for people seen in tertiary care facilities.
For people referred to a higher level of care, a single consultation with a healthcare provider was attributed to the referring lower level facility or facilities. For patients referred to tertiary health care settings, the frequency of doctor visits, medications, hospitalizations, surgical intervention, and diagnostic tests, including CT scans, MRIs, CSF testing, EEGs, enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blots (EITBs), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were based on the results of a recent study conducted in two tertiary care hospitals in Mexico City, Mexico . It was assumed that all NCC-related surgical interventions were performed at a tertiary care facility. Patients with epilepsy and severe chronic headaches seeking care in primary and secondary care facilities were assumed to receive the same non-NCC specific medical treatment protocols received by people with epilepsy and severe chronic headaches treated in tertiary care hospitals . The assumption was also made that general drugs used to treat epilepsy and severe chronic headaches were available in both urban and rural settings. However, since diagnostic tests, including CT, MRI, and serology, are not typically available at primary care clinics, it was assumed that antihelminthic treatment was only prescribed in secondary and tertiary care clinics. Data on length of hospitalization in a secondary care facility were not available from the questionnaires and hospital stay length was assumed the same as that observed for non-surgical cases hospitalized at a tertiary care facility.
People with epilepsy exclusively seeking traditional medicine were assumed to visit a healer 4 to 6 times per year. These values were chosen in light of available data from a cross-sectional study conducted in 2002 in India suggesting that individuals with epilepsy visited a traditional healer 1 to 8 times per year . For severe chronic headaches, the number of visits was assumed to be only 2 to 3 times per year, due to lesser clinical severity. It was also assumed that the number of visits to a traditional healer would be less for those people who seek medical attention from both a modern doctor and a traditional healer (2 to 3 times and 1 to 2 times per year for people with epilepsy and severe chronic headaches, respectively).
Parameters associated with productivity losses in people with NCC
Table 2 shows the parameters associated with productivity losses in people with NCC. Information on loss of working days due to NCC-associated epilepsy and severe chronic headaches among patients seeking medical attention at a primary care clinic was based on values provided by physicians at a primary care clinic in Michoacán. Information for patients seeking medical attention at tertiary care hospitals was based on a study conducted in a referral hospital in Mexico . People seeking care in secondary healthcare facilities were assumed to lose 25% fewer working days than those pursuing care at tertiary care facilities. For cases not seeking modern medical treatment, productivity losses were based on values provided by employees of the Michoacán branch of Mexico’s Ministry of Health.
Epidemiologic parameters for porcine cysticercosis
Epidemiologic parameters for porcine cysticercosis are presented in Table 3. The number of pigs slaughtered in Mexico was obtained from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Foreign Agricultural Service for the year 2015 . Proportions of pigs slaughtered in federally inspected, municipal, and in-situ facilities were obtained for the year 2009 since this was the only year for which slaughter numbers were reported by facility type . These proportions were then applied to the 2015 pig population. In-situ facilities are those without inspection, including home slaughtering. The prevalence of porcine cysticercosis was assumed lower in federally inspected and municipal facilities because most pigs slaughtered there would come from industrialized establishments. The prevalence of porcine cysticercosis at in-situ facilities was assumed to vary between 5% and 33% based on a study conducted in 13 villages located in the Sierra de Huautla region of Morelos, Mexico . Due to limited data on porcine cysticercosis in pigs slaughtered in federally inspected and municipal facilities, the prevalence was assumed to be between 0 and 0.05%. This value seems reasonable when compared with a study conducted in Brazil from 2008 to 2013 where the prevalence of porcine cysticercosis in pigs reared under an intensive management system was 0.009% .
Human and pig economic parameters
Table 4 contains the economic parameters used to estimate the monetary burden of cysticercosis in Mexico in 2015 U.S. dollars. Direct costs included fees associated with medical services, diagnostic procedures, surgical interventions, prescribed chemotherapeutic treatment, hospitalization, and traditional therapies. The cost of doctor visits, diagnostic techniques and tests, a one-day stay in the hospital, and surgery were obtained from the 2006 standardized tariffs for healthcare services in Mexico . Year 2006 tariffs were used due to their availability to study personnel and the period when data collection had occurred among patients seeking care in two tertiary hospitals in Mexico City . The costs of medications used by people with NCC were based on year 2006 prices obtained from several pharmacies in Mexico. All 2006 costs were converted to the 2015 value according to the general Consumer Price Index for Mexico . The cost for a visit to a traditional healer to treat epilepsy or severe chronic headaches was based on the minimum, mode, and maximum values provided by employees of the Michoacán branch of the Ministry of Health who completed the questionnaire.
Indirect costs included loss of working days due to visits to a healthcare provider, hospitalization or illness not requiring immediate medical attention, and loss of income due to reduced productivity. The 2015 median wage was applied to lost working days for those who were officially employed outside of the home in urban areas [38,39]. According to the 2016 Mexico National Household Income and Expenditure Survey, urban households had an average income more than double that of the rural households . Therefore, for those people who lived in rural areas and were officially employed outside of the home, half the urban median wage was applied. The 2015 minimum wage was applied to lost working days for those who were not employed outside of the home in both urban and rural areas . To capture the productivity losses of the unemployed population, excluding retirees, the minimum wage approach was used where time lost was estimated at an 8-hour workday. The proportion of the population that was not economically active in 2015 was obtained from Mexico's Instituto Nacional de Estadistica y Geografia . It was assumed that losses for a child less than 15 years of age would be the same as for an adult since a parent would need to take time off work or would lose productivity while caring for the child.
Loss of future years of income and productivity, due to NCC-associated deaths, was calculated based on a 2012 study . In 2012, NCC cases resulted in an estimated 7,062 years of life lost due to premature mortality in Mexico . After adjusting for the increased population size in 2015, this value increased to 13,575 years of life lost. Three approaches were used to capture wage and productivity losses due to premature mortality. The first method used the minimum wage approach where time lost was estimated at an 8‐hour workday paid at Mexico's 2015 minimum wage of U.S.$4.30 per day . The second method used the median wage approach where time lost was estimated at an 8‐hour workday paid at Mexico's 2015 median wage of U.S.$15.80 per day . For the third method, time lost was estimated using the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita (U.S.$9,298) . All three approaches calculated losses based on life expectancy in Mexico.
The price of an average finished live pig (weighing 150 lb) in Mexico in 2015 was obtained from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations . The average reduction in the price of a cysticercosis-infected pigs, regardless of slaughter location, was estimated at 20–30% of market value based on information from the only identified study of its kind, which was conducted in Africa . A 2015 exchange rate of 16.51 Mexican pesos for 1 U.S. dollar was used for all estimates .
Economic losses due to NCC-associated epilepsy and severe chronic headaches, with 95% credible regions (95% CRs), were estimated using @Risk (Palisade Corporation, Ithaca, NY, version 5.7). Latin Hypercube sampling was used for uncertain parameters. The model was run for 20,000 iterations to achieve convergence. Uncertain epidemiologic and economic parameters were modeled using normal, uniform, and triangular distributions. Regression sensitivity analysis was conducted in @Risk by varying the value of each parameter to estimate its correlation to the total cost estimate. The relative values of the regression coefficients indicate which parameters had the greatest impact on the total cost estimate.
Nearly half a million people were estimated to suffer from NCC-associated epilepsy and severe chronic headaches in Mexico in 2015. Details on the number of cases according to their treatment patterns are shown in Table 5.
Monetary losses incurred by people with NCC-associated epilepsy and severe chronic headaches who received modern medical treatment
The total estimated losses incurred by people with NCC-associated epilepsy and severe chronic headaches who received treatment at a primary care clinic was U.S.$51,735,344 (95% CR: U.S.$21,905,869 –U.S.$98,121,733), with U.S.$288 (95% CR: U.S.$173 –U.S.$427) lost per patient of which 53% was due to indirect costs. Total estimated losses for people with NCC-associated epilepsy and severe chronic headaches who received treatment at a secondary care clinic was U.S.$41,909,153 (95% CR: U.S.$13,681,434 –U.S.$92,952,715), with U.S.$750 (95% CR: U.S.$515 –U.S.$1,074) lost per patient of which 38% was due to indirect costs. Total losses incurred by people with NCC-associated epilepsy and severe chronic headaches who received treatment at a tertiary care hospital was U.S.$37,572,440 (95% CR: U.S.$11,346,254 –U.S.$88,345,267), with U.S.$1,313 (95% CR: U.S.$476 –U.S.$2,157) lost per patient of which 30% was due to indirect costs. Tables 6 and 7 show the total direct and indirect losses and the cost per patient associated with individuals with NCC-associated epilepsy and severe chronic headaches who received modern medical treatment.
Monetary losses and the cost per case associated with people with NCC-associated epilepsy and severe chronic headaches who did not receive modern medical treatment
The total monetary losses for people with NCC-associated epilepsy and NCC-associated severe chronic headaches who did not receive any treatment in Mexico in 2015 was U.S.$57,744,271 (95% CR: U.S.$14,615,051 –U.S.$143,750,099) and U.S.$25,674,058 (95% CR: U.S.$5,724,834 –U.S.$72,571,944), with U.S.$454 (95% CR: U.S.$154 –U.S.$913) and U.S.$237 (95% CR: U.S.$104 –U.S.$455) lost per patient, respectively. The total monetary losses for people with NCC-associated epilepsy and NCC-associated severe chronic headaches who exclusively received treatment from a traditional healer was U.S.$640,301 (95% CR: U.S.$74,556 –U.S.$1,891,517) and US$223,024 (95% CR: U.S.$16,260 –U.S.$851,633), with U.S.$14 (95% CR: U.S.$6 –U.S.$28) and U.S.$6 (95% CR: U.S.$2 –U.S.$14) lost per patient, respectively.
Loss of future years of income and productivity due to NCC-associated deaths
Loss of future years of income and productivity due to NCC-associated deaths was estimated at U.S.$14.68 million, U.S.$54.26 million, and U.S.$126.22 million based on the minimum wage, median wage, and GDP per capita approaches, respectively.
Monetary losses associated with porcine cysticercosis were estimated at U.S.$19,507,171 (95% CR U.S.$5,734,782 –U.S.$35,913,487) in 2015.
Total economic losses
The total 2015 monetary losses associated with NCC-associated epilepsy and NCC-associated severe chronic headaches morbidity along with losses to the agriculture sector, was estimated to be U.S.$235,282,227 (95% CR U.S.$128,732,265 –U.S.$379,204,670), with U.S.$436 (95% CR: U.S.$296 –U.S.$604) lost per patient of which 60% was due to indirect costs. When loss of future years of income and productivity due to NCC-associated deaths based on the median wage approach was included, the estimate increased to U.S.$289,864,009 (95% CR U.S.$182,249,456 –U.S.$439,210,431).
Fig 2 shows how uncertain parameters influenced the total monetary burden estimate. Prevalence of epilepsy in 15–44 year-old males and females and number of working days lost due to untreated epilepsy were the three parameters with the greatest effect on the total cost estimate.
This study is the first to estimate the monetary burden of cysticercosis incurred by people with NCC-associated epilepsy and severe chronic headaches, as well as pig-associated losses, in Mexico. Table 8 summarizes estimations of monetary losses due to T. solium cysticercosis in Mexico (the current study) and studies conducted in West Cameroon, the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa, and Tanzania [3,4,10].
The overall monetary burden reported in the current Mexican study was higher than what was reported in the South African, West Cameroon, and Tanzanian studies. However, these studies only accounted for the disease burden due to human NCC-associated epilepsy and pig losses and not for severe chronic headaches. When only NCC-associated epilepsy and pig losses are considered, the Mexico estimate falls to U.S.$186.2 million, which is still considerably higher than the previous estimates. However, the cost per epilepsy patient (U.S.$542) is similar to the estimate produced for South Africa and higher than the estimates for Cameroon and Tanzania. This may be due to lower salaries and treatment costs in Cameroon and Tanzania. Indeed, compared to Tanzania and West Cameroon, the cost of a visit to the hospital, doctor or traditional healer was higher in Mexico. Also, patients in South Africa and Mexico may have better access to diagnostic tests, such as CT and MRI, and surgical interventions compared to patients in Tanzania and Cameroon.
In the current study, the median wage was used to value productivity losses of all economically active individuals and Mexico’s minimum wage was used to value productivity losses of all economically inactive individuals. The minimum wage approach was used since these individuals do contribute to society even though they are not formally employed outside of the home and make-up about forty percent of the population. In contrast, the South African study used three approaches (the mean wage approach, opportunistic cost approach, and the generalist replacement costs approach) to calculate productivity losses whereas the Cameroon and Tanzanian studies used the minimum and maximum salary and applied either a uniform or a gamma distribution. In the Mexican study, a large proportion (60%) of the total cost was related to indirect costs, which is in line with the conclusions of the South African, Cameroon, and Tanzanian studies.
NCC patients with epilepsy symptoms incurred larger annual monetary losses than those with severe chronic headaches. This may be due to the higher costs associated with epilepsy drugs compared to drugs used to treat severe chronic headaches. Other reasons might be the higher frequency of doctor visits and additional working days lost compared to patients with severe chronic headaches. In contrast, hospitalized NCC patients with severe chronic headaches incurred larger per-person monetary losses than those with epilepsy. This was due to the lower number of patients with NCC-associated epilepsy who had surgery compared to the number with severe chronic headaches who had surgery. The annual monetary losses per untreated NCC-associated epilepsy or untreated NCC-associated severe chronic headaches case were higher than the annual losses for their counterparts who received treatment at a primary care clinic in Mexico. This was due to a greater number of lost working days for those people not receiving any form of treatment.
Based on the regression sensitivity analysis, the most influential parameters were prevalence of epilepsy in 15–44 year-olds and the number of working days lost due to untreated epilepsy. The epilepsy prevalence estimates were based on a single study that may not fully reflect the regional variation in epilepsy cases. Numbers of days lost due to untreated epilepsy were based on questionnaire responses obtained from people who worked in the Ministry of Health in Michoacán, with the obtained values having quite large ranges. Studies on the impact of NCC on productivity are needed for both treated and untreated individuals to refine estimates of disease burden.
Our study has some limitations. The model most likely overestimated the costs associated with people manifesting both epilepsy and severe chronic headaches since the model assumes that costs associated with these two conditions were additive, which is most likely not the case. However, the total estimated cost was most likely underestimated since only the NCC-associated clinical manifestations of epilepsy and severe chronic headaches were included. Other neurological manifestations of NCC, such as stroke and dementia may also carry a significant burden, but were not included due to the absence of valid frequency data. Costs associated with family members who may accompany adults with NCC to clinics or hospitals were also not included due to the absence of reliable data. Moreover, this study relied on responses provided by physicians working in primary care clinics, neurologists working in secondary and tertiary care clinics, and employees at the Office of the Ministry of Health in Michoacán. Since these values come from a single endemic region, they may not be applicable to the entire country. The uncertainty placed around these parameters and the findings of the sensitivity analysis suggest that additional studies about healthcare-seeking behavior and treatment gaps are needed.
Burden of disease estimates, using the disability adjusted life year (DALY), not only consider losses due to morbidity, but also losses due to mortality. When monetized, these values appear to be substantial. However, it is difficult to ascertain the actual lost value to society for an individual, such as a rural manual laborer, whose position may be readily replaced by an able-bodied worker. It is also difficult to estimate the losses in revenue following retirement. Nonetheless, these estimates further support the fact that the cost of NCC in Mexico is still considerable.
Due to the absence of data evaluating how infection affects the cost of pigs that are not slaughtered in formal settings, it was assumed that there would be a reduction across all settings. This was also the assumption for the South African and Cameroon studies . However, losses due to porcine cysticercosis in non-inspected facilities may be variable depending on whether or not there is suspicion of cysticercosis. If only losses in inspected pigs were assumed, pig-associated losses would decrease from U.S.$19,507,171 to U.S.$78,250.
It should be noted that this study only incorporated medical and agricultural costs. However, NCC also produces social impacts on an individual and community level that were not captured in the current study. For example, patients with epilepsy or severe chronic seizures are often stigmatized. Entire communities may also face stigmatization if they are known for producing infected pigs, thereby reducing the marketability of their animals. Therefore, the true societal burden is likely higher than that estimated by this study. On the other hand, it has been suggested that cysticercosis may be a diminishing problem in Mexico due to the implementation of control programs and improved living conditions . Therefore, improvement in socioeconomic conditions may be resulting in decreasing numbers of infected humans and pigs, at least on a regional level.
This preliminarily estimate suggests that T. solium cysticercosis results in considerable monetary losses in Mexico even when compared to other diseases. For example, a study showed that the monetary burden of dengue in Mexico was U.S.$170 million in 2010. Although the estimated number of people affected by dengue was three times lower than the estimated number with cysticercosis, the cost was similar because surveillance and vector control accounted for 48.9% of the total economic burden of dengue . In conclusion, this is a first study to estimate the monetary burden of cysticercosis in Mexico. The methodology developed here can be applied to estimate the monetary burden of cysticercosis in other regions in order to better prioritize disease control initiatives.
S1 Supporting Information. Epidemiologic parameters used to estimate the number of NCC cases with epilepsy and severe chronic headaches.
S2 Supporting Information. Setting-specific questionnaire to obtain information on healthcare-seeking behavior and treatment gap parameters in Mexico.
We would like to acknowledge Michoacán Ministry of Health and to Comités Pecuarios for their assistance with the questionnaire.
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- 5. Bhattarai R, Carabin H and Budke CM (2013). The Burden of Cysticercosis, Novel Aspects on Cysticercosis and Neurocysticercosis, Prof. Humberto Foyaca Sibat (Ed.), InTech, https://doi.org/10.5772/51668 Available from: https://www.intechopen.com/books/novel-aspects-on-cysticercosis-and-neurocysticercosis/the-burden-of-cysticercosis
- 6. Carabin H, Budke CM, Cowan LD, Willingham AL 3rd, Torgerson PR (2005) Methods for assessing the burden of parasitic zoonoses: echinococcosis and cysticercosis. Trends Parasitol 21: 327–333. pmid:15922667
- 7. Zoli A, Shey-Njila O, Assana E, Nguekam JP, Dorny P, et al. (2003) Regional status, epidemiology and impact of Taenia solium cysticercosis in Western and Central Africa. Acta Trop 87: 35–42. pmid:12781376
- 8. Goussanou JS, Kpodekon TM, Saegerman C, Azagoun E, Issaka Youssao AK, Farougou S, Praet N, Gabriël S, Dorny P, and Korsak N (2013) Spatial Distribution and Risks Factors of Porcine Cysticercosis in Southern Benin Based Meat Inspection Records. International Research Journal of Microbiology 4: 188–196.
- 9. Bhattarai R, Carabin H, Proano JV, Flores-Rivera J, Corona T, et al. (2015) Cost of neurocysticercosis patients treated in two referral hospitals in Mexico City, Mexico. Trop Med Int Health 20: 1108–1119. pmid:25726958
- 10. Trevisan C, Devleesschauwer B, Schmidt V, Winkler AS, Harrison W, et al. (2016) The societal cost of Taenia solium cysticercosis in Tanzania. Acta Trop.
- 11. Singh BB, Khatkar MS, Gill JP, Dhand NK (2016) Estimation of the health and economic burden of neurocysticercosis in India. Acta Trop.
- 12. Choudhury AA, Conlan JV, Racloz VN, Reid SA, Blacksell SD, et al. (2013) The economic impact of pig-associated parasitic zoonosis in Northern Lao PDR. Ecohealth 10: 54–62. pmid:23417333
- 13. The World Fact Book (2015). Available: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mx.html. Accessed 13 May 2015.
- 14. Morales J, Martinez JJ, Rosetti M, Fleury A, Maza V, et al. (2008) Spatial distribution of Taenia solium porcine cysticercosis within a rural area of Mexico. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2: e284. pmid:18846230
- 15. Copado F, de Aluja AS, Mayagoitia L, Galindo F (2004) The behaviour of free ranging pigs in the Mexican tropics and its relationships with human faeces consumption. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 88: 243–252.
- 16. de Aluja AS (2008) Cysticercosis in the pig. Current Topics In Medicinal Chemistry 8: 368–374. pmid:18393899
- 17. Bhattarai R, Budke CM, Carabin H, Proano JV, Flores-Rivera J, et al. (2012) Estimating the non-monetary burden of neurocysticercosis in Mexico. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 6: e1521. pmid:22363827
- 18. Bruno E, Bartoloni A, Zammarchi L, Strohmeyer M, Bartalesi F, et al. (2013) Epilepsy and neurocysticercosis in Latin America: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7: e2480. pmid:24205415
- 19. Kurtz Z, Tookey P, Ross E (1998) Epilepsy in young people: 23 year follow up of the British national child development study. BMJ 316: 339–342. pmid:9487166
- 20. Lipton RB, Scher AI, Steiner TJ, Bigal ME, Kolodner K, et al. (2003) Patterns of health care utilization for migraine in England and in the United States. Neurology 60: 441–448. pmid:12578925
- 21. Reuber M, Torane P, Mack C (2010) Do older adults have equitable access to specialist epilepsy services? Epilepsia 51: 2341–2343. pmid:20662895
- 22. Li LM, Fernandes PT, Noronha AL, Marques LH, Borges MA, et al. (2007) Demonstration Project on Epilepsy in Brazil: situation assessment. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 65 Suppl 1: 5–13.
- 23. Lipton RB, Stewart WF (1993) Migraine in the United States: a review of epidemiology and health care use. Neurology 43: S6–10.
- 24. Morillo LE, Alarcon F, Aranaga N, Aulet S, Chapman E, et al. (2005) Prevalence of migraine in Latin America. Headache 45: 106–117. pmid:15705115
- 25. Koil CE, Everett JN, Hoechstetter L, Ricer RE, Huelsman KM (2003) Differences in physician referral practices and attitudes regarding hereditary breast cancer by clinical practice location. Genet Med 5: 364–369. pmid:14501831
- 26. San-Juan D, Alvarado-Leon S, Barraza-Diaz J, Davila-Avila NM, Ruiz AH, et al. (2015) Prevalence of epilepsy, beliefs and attitudes in a rural community in Mexico: A door-to-door survey. Epilepsy Behav 46: 140–143. pmid:25882322
- 27. Chang YY, Tsai YT, Lai JN, Yeh CH, Lin SK (2014) The traditional Chinese medicine prescription patterns for migraine people in Taiwan: a population-based study. J Ethnopharmacol 151: 1209–1217. pmid:24389028
- 28. van der Hoeven M, Kruger A, Greeff M (2012) Differences in health care seeking behaviour between rural and urban communities in South Africa. Int J Equity Health 11: 31. pmid:22691443
- 29. Keegan L (1996) Use of alternative therapies among Mexican Americans in the Texas Rio Grande Valley. J Holist Nurs 14: 277–294. pmid:9146186
- 30. Pal DK, Das T, Sengupta S, Chaudhury G (2002) Help-seeking patterns for children with epilepsy in rural India: implications for service delivery. Epilepsia 43: 904–911. pmid:12181010
- 31. National Institute of Statistics and Geography, Mexico 2014. Available at http://www.inegi.org.mx/est/contenidos/proyectos/inp/Default.aspx.
- 32. USDA FAS 2015. Available at: https://gain.fas.usda.gov/Recent%20GAIN%20Publications/Livestock%20and%20Products%20Annual_Mexico%20City_Mexico_9-1-2015.pdf. Accessed at 20 February 2019.
- 33. USDA FAS 2009. Available at: http://gain.fas.usda.gov/Recent%20GAIN%20Publications/LIVESTOCK%20AND%20PRODUCTS%20ANNUAL_Mexico_Mexico_9-20-2010.pdf. Accessed at 20 March 2013.
- 34. Almeida H.M.S., Rossi G.A.M., Gatto I.R.H., Gonçalves A.C.S., Ribeiro L.F., Garnica M.F., Oliveira M.E.F., Vidal-Martins A.M.C. & Oliveira L.G. 2014. Occurrence of cysticercosis in pigs at slaughterhouses in São Paulo State, Brazil. Proceedings of the 23rd International Pig Veterinary Society (IPVS) Congress, Cancun, Quintana Roo, Mexico. http://www.amvec.com/blog1/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Proceedings-IPVS-2014-Volume-2-Cancun-Mexico.pdf. Accessed 5, November 2017.
- 35. Instituto Nacional de Neurologia and Neurocirugia Manuel 2006.
- 36. Bhattarai R, Carabin H, Proano JV, Flores-Rivera J, Corona T, et al. (2015) Cost of neurocysticercosis patients treated in two referral hospitals in Mexico City, Mexico. Trop Med Int Health.
- 37. National Institute of Statistics and Geography, Mexico 2015. Consumer price index
- 38. Median Wage salary of Mexico (2015) Available: http://www3.inegi.org.mx/sistemas/temas/default.aspx?s=est&c=25433&t=1. Accessed at 13 October 2015.
- 39. National Commission on Minimum wages in Mexico, 2015. (Available from: http://www.conasami.gob.mx/pdf/tabla_salarios_minimos/2012/01_01_2012.pdf Sm. Accessed at 5 November 2017.
- 40. National Survey of Household Income and Expenditure (ENIGH) 2016. http://www.beta.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/proyectos/enchogares/regulares/enigh/nc/2016/doc/presentacion_resultados_enigh2016.pdf.
- 41. The World Bank 2015. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD?locations=MX.
- 42. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
- 43. Yearly Average Currency Exchange Rates. https://www.irs.gov/individuals/international-taxpayers/yearly-average-currency-exchange-rates.
- 44. Flisser A, Correa D (2010) Neurocysticercosis may no longer be a public health problem in Mexico. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 4: e831. pmid:21200418
- 45. Undurraga EA, Betancourt-Cravioto M, Ramos-Castaneda J, Martinez-Vega R, Mendez-Galvan J, et al. (2015) Economic and disease burden of dengue in Mexico. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9: e0003547. pmid:25786225
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0007501
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Upcoming Curriculum Pilot Program and Cover Art Contest.
While there are statewide standards for science in Louisiana, exactly how to teach these principles (aka curriculum) is left up to the teacher in the classroom. And, although designing a curriculum can give a teacher much-needed room for creativity, it can be a daunting task to tackle every year. So, science teachers of the Pontchartrain Basin, we'd like to introduce you to your new best friend: Lessons on the Lake Third Edition. Replete with fully designed activities that meet Louisiana's science standards, Lessons on the Lake is a textbook designed for educators by educators.
Interview with Editor of a Class Room Favorite, Laine Farber:
Interviewer: What do you think the biggest difference is between the old and latest editions? What did you change?
Laine Farber: A lot has happened since the second edition was published in 2001: Hurricane Katrina; reopening the lake for recreational use; advances in science, and the development and implementation of dozens of new coastal restoration plans. The new edition includes updates on all of these important developments and much more! Our goal when rewriting this book has been to make it more accessible for educators. Keeping busy teachers in mind, we removed activities that require a plethora of expensive equipment and hours of prep-work. Plus, we added some new activities that focus on engaging students without breaking the bank.
Our Education Coordinator, Anne Barret, teaching Lusher Charter Students how to measure water clarity using a transparency tube. As an educator at the Pontchartrain Conservancy, she oversaw editing of the second edition of Lessons on the Lake.
I: What was your motivation?
LF: Our goal with this book is to provide educators with an aid for teaching children about coastal Louisiana and inspire environmental stewardship.
I: Who is this book meant for?
LF: The textbook is geared toward educators, elementary students, and middle school students, but we encourage anyone interested in learning more about the lake to pick up a copy.
I: What do you want students to take away from this book?
LF: One can learn quite a lot from Lessons on the Lake, but the one thing I hope students take away from the text is the cultural, economic, and environmental importance of Louisiana’s wetlands.
AmeriCorps and author/editor of the third edition of Lessons on the Lake, Laine Farber. She's pictured teaching Lusher Charter Students about water turbidity using a Secchi disk.
I: What part of the book are you most proud of?
LF: There is truly no one thing that I am most proud of in Lessons on the Lake. I am proud of everything! It has been a tedious, but fulfilling task thus far, and I am looking forward to seeing it through to the very end. I feel like a proud parent and I will probably cry when I unbox the first collection of reprints. We’re proud to be able to put environmental science curriculum into the hands of Louisiana’s teachers. What they do every day - educating our youth - is one of the most important jobs in our society.
I: When’s the rollout?
LF: Our plan is to begin the 2019-2020 school year with a pilot program, having teachers use the book with their students and give us feedback. We want teachers to find this to be a valuable asset to their classroom instruction and step one is that is getting feedback from the front line - the teachers in the classroom! A full rollout is planned after we revise the book based on our teacher feedback.
I: Tell me more about the cover art contest!
LF: We are excited to get the public involved with this project! On February 1, we will be launching a cover art contest. We are looking for submission of art inspired by the beautiful natural scenery of the Lake Pontchartrain Basin from local artists and student-artists. The contest is open to the public and will run through March 22.
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Shear Behaviour of Disturbed Regions in Reinforced Concrete Beams with Corrosion Damaged Shear Reinforcement
Suffern, Christopher Andrew
MetadataShow full item record
Corrosion of reinforcing steel is a major problem facing infrastructures owners with billions of dollars spent in repairing our aging infrastructure. One of the first steps in the repair process is to quantify the strength degradation in a reinforced concrete element caused by the corrosion of reinforcing steel. An understanding of the forces involved in the load carrying mechanisms is imperative; the transfer of shear forces in reinforced concrete beams is one of these load carrying mechanisms. The shear transfer mechanism is different near the end of beams, adjacent to point loads, and near changes in cross section. These regions are known as disturbed regions. Structural engineers have a good understanding of the shear transfer mechanism in disturbed regions. However, the effects of corroded shear reinforcement in these regions have not been widely investigated. The current study is comprised of an experimental program and analytical strut and tie modeling aimed at quantifying the strength reduction that occurs in disturbed regions of reinforced concrete beams with corroded shear reinforcement. The feasibility of strengthening a beam with dry lay-up carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) to repair the damage caused by corrosion of the shear reinforcement was also investigated. In the experimental study, a total of 16 reinforced concrete beams were cast. The specimens were 350 mm deep, 125 mm wide and 1850 mm long. Three shear-span to depth ratios (1.0, 1.5, 2.0) were selected. Each specimen was reinforced in flexure with two 25M bars and the shear reinforcement was 10M spaced at 150 mm on centre. The specimens were corroded for 21 days, 60 days, and 120 days corresponding to low, medium, and high corrosion levels. In addition, three specimens were constructed without shear reinforcement in the shear-span in order to compare the results from the corroded specimens. One specimen was also corroded to a high level and repaired with dry lay-up CFRP. The specimens were corroded using an accelerated corrosion technique. There was evidence of cracking of the cover concrete in all specimens, and in the more severely corroded specimens delamination of the cover concrete was recorded. The stiffness of the corroded specimens was less than their corresponding control specimen, and a strength reduction was evident in most specimens. The maximum recorded strength reduction was 52% compared to the companion uncorroded specimen. It was revealed that a more critical case occurs when the corroded shear reinforcement was shifted during placement or was inclined closer to the direction of the compressive force flow. Also, it was observed that the corroded shear reinforcement still provides limited ductility in comparison to the un-corroded reinforcement. A strut and tie model was developed based on the experiments to explain the behaviour of disturbed regions with corroded shear reinforcement. The model consisted of direct and indirect struts. The effects of corrosion were expressed in terms of a reduction in the stirrup cross-section, a reduction of compressive strength due to corrosion cracking, and a reduction in the concrete cross section width. It was hypothesized that the corrosion crack width influences the concrete compressive strength in the strut; consequently, a mathematical model was developed that related the reduction in concrete compressive strength with corrosion crack width. Also, a relationship between reinforcing steel mass loss and corrosion crack width was utilized from the published literature. An effective cross section width was obtained by reducing the width by the damaged concrete cover. The results from these models were input into a strut and tie model as a reduction in concrete compressive strength. The output from the strut and tie model was the ultimate shear strength of the specimen. The developed models were compared with a model from the literature and compared with the experimental results. The major contribution of this research is to allow designers to analyze disturbed regions with corroded shear reinforcement and determine the strength degradation; subsequently, one can determine what strengthening procedure would be most appropriate.
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<urn:uuid:bdb0ff46-41e0-4852-ba8c-a0a5c2ad7666>
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CC-MAIN-2016-44
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https://uwspace.uwaterloo.ca/handle/10012/3933
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en
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The network of streams forming the tributaries of the Darling and Murray system give an idea of a well-watered country.
Leaving the main body of his party at Menindie on the Darling under a man named Wright, Burke, with seven men, five horses and sixteen camels, pushed on for Cooper's Creek, the understanding being that Wright should follow him in easy stages to the depot proposed to be there established.
It is from 1842 that the universal fame of Tennyson must be dated; from the time of the publication of the two volumes he ceased to be a curiosity, or the darling of an advanced clique, and took his place as the leading poet of his age in England.
It is this tropical downpour that fills and floods the rivers flowing into Lake Eyre and those falling into the Darling on its right bank.
This is especially the case with the tributaries of the Darling on its left bank, where in seasons of great rains these rivers overspread their banks and flood the flat country for miles around and thus reach the main stream.
The expedition reached the Darling on the 25th of May 1833, and after establishing a depot at Fort Bourke, Mitchell traced the Darling southwards for 300 m.
On the west the Darling Range faces the Indian Ocean, and extends from Point D'Entrecasteaux to the Murchison river.
The chief tributaries of the Murray are the Darling and the Murrumbidgee, which is joined by the Lachlan.
It was left to the veteran explorer, Sturt, to achieve the arduous enterprise of penetrating from the Darling northward to the very centre of the continent.
This pledge he redeemed, and he is, in consequence, the darling of Persian tradition, which bestows on him the title of Gor (the wild ass), and is eloquent on his adventures in the chase and in love.
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https://www.all-dictionary.com/sentences-with-the-word-The%20Darling
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Q. WHAT ARE SCALY PATCHES ON THEIR BACKS NEAR THE TAIL, I HAVE SEEN THIS FOR THE SECOND TIME ON A CAT AND NEVER GET AN ANSWER FROM THE COUPLE VETS I HAVE
JESSICA L DESROSIERS
A. Scaly patches of skin near the tail may be an indication of possible external parasites (such as fleas) cats may scratch or chew at this area in an attempt to relieve itching which could lead to scaly or irritated skin. Treating for external parasites can help. Skin infections may also cause a similar appearance especially if your cat has chewed or scratched at the area excessively. Preventing licking and chewing of the area if excessive with the use of a T-shirt or Elizabethan collar can help, as well as a vet checkup as needed.
Dry skin from too often of bathing or even changes in temperature (such as exposure to dry, cold air) may also happen. A soothing pet wipe or shampoo that includes aloe or oatmeal may help to soothe irritated skin and decrease flaking and dryness.
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<urn:uuid:2c7499e8-de12-4ada-9a1b-4e1fa92cc39a>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://www.petmd.com/askpetmd/47/19534
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en
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E2S Power AG was incorporated as a joint venture between SS&A Power Development and WIKA Group, a global leader in the field of measurements technology (www.wika.com). The purpose of the company is to develop and implement thermal energy storage with a major focus on retrofitting and repurposing existing coal fired plants.
Our solution is based on a concept to utilize most of the infrastructure of coal fired plants and turn them into fossil-fuel free energy storage plants. For this we developed a technology that convert surplus electrical energy into heat using novel storage materials developed by our Australian partners MGA Thermal (https://mgathermalstorage.com/) and, then returns that stored energy in a form of superheated steam running existing steam turbines and generators. This technology is superior compared to existing solutions enabling super-fast charging of the system, near to 100% conversion of electricity to heat and very high storage capacity enabling utility scale storage fitting into existing power plant plots, and moreover offering the lowest levelized cost of storing electricity.
Our goal is to build a lab-size demonstrator in 2020 followed by a power demonstrator in 2021 or 2022 at the latest. To address the retirements of coal plants in Germany we are incorporating our E2S Power Germany GmbH.
E2S Power thermal energy storage technology is using innovative concept of electrical charging based on direct resistive heating of the storage modules, which enables utilization of AC current, with voltage and current levels identical to those at generator terminals. In this way the amount of necessary additional electrical equipment is minimized and, additional frequency converters/inverters or AC/DC converters can be avoided. Utilization of this charging system enables rapid charging, with less than 1-hour charging time to reach the full storage capacity.
The figure below shows a P&ID diagram of the energy storage system.
Ready to discuss your next project? Get in touch.
CH- 8832 Wilen b. Wollerau
+41 (0)56 222 8009
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<urn:uuid:db96983e-9bfc-4e74-a610-b2dba2d089b2>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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http://www.new.ssa-power.com/index.php/e2s-power/
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Our curriculum has two parts, the first using Scheme and the follow-up using Java. The materials are (or will be) available free on-line, so you can check them out (and later use them) at no cost.
Our primary textbook is How to Design Programs (HtDP). HtDP has been translated into several languages including Chinese and Polish, with other translations (Japanese, Korean, etc.) on the way.
Some readers have found the initial portion of the book a little dry—a problem that is thoroughly corrected in the second edition, which introduces programming through animations and reactive systems from the outset. You can see this at work in drafts of the second edition.
We are working on a follow-up text, How to Design Class Hierarchies (HtDCH), that covers the transition from Scheme to Java. This book is currently in draft and available to people who are already part of our project.
For those interested in using HtDP, we have several additional exercises that accompany HtDP (but aren't in the current edition). Similarly, those interested in the animation-based approach of the second edition will find additional exercises in How to Design Worlds.
Other authors are also building on our approach. Readers comfortable with German will be interested in Die Macht der Abstraktion, a university-level textbook with an associated project for introductory teaching. The English-language textbook Picturing Programs: An Introduction to Computer Programming takes a graphics-first approach: students learn about image manipulation, function composition, variable and function definition, the Design Recipe, and event-driven GUI programming before they ever see an arithmetic operator (the author has a lot of mathophobic students).
For more advanced students of programming languages, we have Programming Languages: Application and Interpretation, which is suitable for undergraduates and beginning graduate students, and Semantics Engineering with PLT Redex for advanced undergraduates and graduate students.
All these books use the same programming environment, DrRacket, which is cross-platform and runs natively on each platform. One simple download gets you a rich environment for using each of these books.
|Talks and Papers||Papers and talk slides explaining the Project|
|Scheme Testimonials||What others have said about our Project and on using Scheme|
|Java Testimonials||What others have said about the Java part of our Project|
|FAQs||Questions and answers, and a contact email address|
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<urn:uuid:ef1aa9fb-5082-4ff1-8bc4-147d93615173>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://www.teach-scheme.org/Materials/
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Scientists have found the world's fastest ant - the Saharan silver ant. It runs at just over 3kph. This is the ant speed of a human running 580kph. The ant runs 108 times the length of its own body every second. An Olympic 100-meter runner runs using 4 strides a second. The Saharan silver ant uses up to 50 strides a second. Scientists say this movement almost breaks the physical limits of what is possible for a living thing. The ants' feet make contact with the ground for a very short time - just seven milliseconds before they take the next stride.
The silver ant runs so fast because it lives in the hot desert. The sand can reach temperatures of 60 degrees Celsius. The ant doesn't want to spend time with its feet on the hot sand. Another reason is that if the ants' feet spend a long time on the sand, they will sink a little and slow them down. A professor wrote about why the ants' feet move so fast. He said it could be because of the sand dune habitat. Their fast speed could stop the ants' feet sinking into the soft sand. He said: "We knew these ants would be fast, but nobody knew how fast exactly, and how they would achieve that speed."
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https://breakingnewsenglish.com/1910/191020-worlds-fastest-ant-2.html
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en
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Saskatchewan has long been recognized as Canada’s breadbasket. But these days, it’s quickly becoming known beyond our borders as the world’s largest producer of plant protein.
And that’s drawing the attention of some of the world’s leading agricultural companies.
Among them is Singapore-based Agrocorp International, which recently made a significant multi-million-dollar investment in the province.
“The Saskatchewan grower has really done a great job of establishing the province as the protein basket of the world,” says Colin Topham, managing director of Agrocorp Processing, the Canadian division of Agrocorp International.
“And with whole commodities and opportunities in the proteins, flours, fractions space evolving, it’s a very exciting place to be right now.”
In fact, the company sees so much promise in Saskatchewan that it recently moved its Canadian headquarters from Vancouver to Moose Jaw, Sask.
“We wanted to be close to the farms because knowing what’s going on there — on the ground — is incredibly important trade knowledge that we can relay directly to our global trade network,” he says. “And that’s imperative to making sure we are doing everything we can to execute quality agricultural products from farm gate to consumer as quickly as possible.”
In business 26 years, the international trader exports 23 different commodities to more than 30 countries from Saskatchewan alone. Agrocorp has annual revenues of US$3 billion (CAD$3.6 billion), shipping more than nine million tonnes of commodities, while processing 700,000 tonnes of goods at eight facilities located in the world’s largest agricultural producing regions.
“We deal in anything at the farm gate level, whether it’s in Saskatchewan or Africa, from pulses, grains and oilseeds, to cotton, sugar and even fertilizer.”
Two key pieces of Agrocorp’s infrastructure are its Saskatchewan plants in Moose Jaw and Cut Knife that process, clean and size pulse, grain and oilseed products to meet the demands of the global consumer. These facilities processed 200,000 tonnes in 2016, including 100,000 tonnes of lentils, peas, flax and durum wheat in Moose Jaw.
“Although we are operating a multinational business, now with origination assets in Australia and Canada, we stay close to our roots — Saskatchewan is where it all started and the province continues to play a very important role in our global processing and distribution networks and our mandate of connecting farms to the global consumer.”
While oilseeds such as canola and grains are important commodities in its Saskatchewan operations, Agrocorp sees the province’s strength in pulse production as the driving force behind its growth. Demand for proteins, starches and oilseeds is rising in lockstep with standards of living in expanding markets such as India, China, Turkey, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Indonesia and the Philippines. The international company, with offices in 12 countries, also sees North Africa as an opportunity for expansion.
“These countries have a massive need for food as net importers, and we have great exposure to what are essentially the fastest growing pulse consumer markets in the world.”
Saskatchewan, however, offers more than just its enormous production capacity for pulses such as chickpeas and lentils. Topham adds that the province is a great place for companies to do business, regardless of industry.
“First of all, the provincial government has been extremely supportive right through to the top,” says Topham. “Premier Brad Wall has been a champion of our story and he and his government have gone above and beyond to ensure that we have the best access to incentives and support in navigating all levels of government.”
The province has a full suite of programs to help reduce the cost and complexity for companies such as Agrocorp that are looking to establish operations.
“The specific tax incentives that exist are especially helpful,” Topham says.
These include the Manufacturing and Processing Profits Tax Reduction, which lowers a company’s provincial corporate tax rate from 11.5 to 9.5 per cent.
Others programs help burgeoning companies in the province connect with global customers, such as the Market Development Program administered by the Saskatchewan Trade and Export Partnership (STEP).
The Manufacturing and Processing Investment Tax Credit reduces the cost of doing business by decreasing the provincial sales tax paid.
In short, Saskatchewan just might be the best kept business secret in the global agricultural industry, Topham adds.
As the first Asian company to invest in the province’s pulse export market and the largest Asian investor in the province’s agrivalue sector, Agrocorp has already spent $20 million on facilities in the province along with hiring dozens of full-time employees.
“Going forward, we are expecting to add another 20 jobs in the next few years, and we’ve launched an aggressive capital expenditures program to invest another $20 million in our facilities and additional investments as we continue to expand in Saskatchewan,” he says.
“It’s really just a no-brainer doing business and having our headquarters here.”
This story was created by Content Works, Postmedia’s commercial content division, on behalf of Saskatchewan’s Ministry of the Economy.
By Joel Schlesinger
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It brings together experienced teachers from wide ethnic, cultural and educational backgrounds to allow them to examine modern educational theories and approaches under the guidance of expert staff
The Faculty of Education provides modern and innovative programmes to support the development needs of the education system in the UAE, the Gulf and the wider Middle/Far Eastern context. It brings together experienced teachers from wide ethnic, cultural and educational backgrounds to allow them to examine modern educational theories and approaches under the guidance of expert staff. This allows the participants to reflect on their own educational contexts, to examine the latest international research findings, and to use this process to develop as individual teachers and as future managers of education.
The Faculty offers full-time and part-time research-based Masters, and Diploma degree programmes and the region's first accredited Doctorate in Education. Students can specialise in any one of the four areas for their Masters programmes: International Management, Special and Inclusive Education, Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages and Information Communication & Technology. For the Doctorate in Education BUiD's Faculty of Education welcomes applications from those who are interested in pursuing a Professional Doctorate through research in TESOL, Special and Inclusive Education or International Management & Policy. Both the Masters and the Doctorate Degrees are awarded by The British University in Dubai according to standards set.
The Faculty of Education offers postgraduate degree in Education. A Masters degree is fast becoming an essential qualification for those wishing to progress their careers. For example, within TEFL/TESOL a Masters degree is needed for teaching at the tertiary level in most countries in the world. A Masters qualification also allows teachers to become subject specialists either as heads of departments or inspectors.
The BUiD MEd has accreditation eligibility from the Ministry of Education in the UAE and is thus recognised in all GCC countries as well as internationally.
Our mission is to provide outstanding programmes that support the development needs of the education system in the UAE, and the region.
Our vision is sustainable partnerships which aim to provide quality education that is responsive to the needs of the communities
As of 2013/14 academic calender the following MEd and EdD course will be offered as a General Course (20 credits) in Term 1. It is therefore important that students are made aware of this by enlisting this under the General Course list. These new courses are EDU 517 Sociolinguistics for TESOL and DED 619 Current Issues in Sociolinguistics.
BUiD is organised around specialised faculties. The Faculties offer postgraduate programmes and strive to be centres of excellence for research in their respective disciplines through shared environments with the UK partners.
BUiD offers a full-time and part-time Masters degree programmes in SDBE, IBDA, Systems Engineering, Structural Engineering, Engineering Management, Informatics and IT Management in collaboration with the Welsh School of Architecture at Cardiff, The University of Edinburgh and Manchester.
We offer a rapidly developing alumni network of leaders and managers who contribute to our events and programmes, as well as providing advice and ideas for career development. Our university is a research intensive institution that hosts and participates in major conferences and seminars on current issues in business, management and technology. Most lecturers in the Faculty of Business have worked in several countries learning through practice how to involve and relate to the diverse experiences and ideas of our students.
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If you binge-watch YouTube or spend hours scrolling through social media, pretty soon you’re going to stumble across something queer — like maybe the famous drag queen Jasmine Masters’s viral “And I Oop…” video. YouTubers and Tik Tok-ers are obsessed with queer slang – that’s the tea, sis! – and in turn, so are their legions of stans.
But for queer people who know our herstory, it wasn’t a YouTuber who taught us our words.
It was Jennie Livingston’s “Paris Is Burning,” an iconic film from 1991 that introduced viewers to the New York City ballroom scene and with it, the expansive vocabulary that is still used today.
The film brings us into the lives of the city’s queer and transgender youth of color who, in response to the hardships they faced, formed tight-knit families called houses. Together, they’d compete in balls and walk-in categories based on fashion and beauty with a chance to win trophies, money and name recognition.
Their slang was a secret code and only meant for one another. Decades later, it’s mainstream. But lots of people don’t even know the origin of the language they’re using.
So I made a queer vocabulary glossary. Now you’ll know where today’s slang really came from.
No, an ecstatic Lady Gaga fan did not invent “Yass!,” nor did Ilana Glazer of “Broad City.” Yass! is a variation of Yes! The word has been used for decades. Yass! comes from the raw emotion and excitement of watching an amazing performance, which happened all the time at the balls. If you’re living for the moment, then you’d yell out, “Yass!” The longer the enunciation, the higher the emotion. Think of “Yass! queen slay!” as the queer translation of “You go girl!”
A gag is the physical emotion that comes from being shocked. For example, when someone does something that is so amazing it leaves you gasping with your jaw dropped and you’re left speechless, you’re gagged.
This is a type of dance, not just Madonna’s 1990 song. Voguing has been around for years and it originated in balls. In the words of the grandfather of vogue Willi Ninja himself, “Imagine runway modeling … in freeze frame.” The dance is characterized by its sharp, angular movements inspired by the poses seen in “Vogue Magazine” as well as by Egyptian hieroglyphics. Vogue exploded beyond the balls and has influenced countless artists over the decades.
You don’t even have to tune into “Rupaul’s Drag Race” to see some voguing. Pop stars like Ariana Grande are adding vogue to their performances.
Today, when celebrities unfollow each other on social, we call it shade. But it’s really much more than that. True shade is about the art form of a calculated, often backhanded insult. Instead of directly insulting your outfit, I would compliment it in a condescending tone, letting you know exactly how I really feel.
This is one of the more obscure words in queer slang, and it has nothing to do with cleaning. Mopping is another way of saying stealing or robbing. Balls are built around glamour and fantasy, but for the poor queer people of color who competed in them, expensive accessories were out of reach. So if your fantasy is being a glamorous rich woman, but you don’t have the money to furnish the lifestyle, you find other ways to make ends meet. When people want to participate in a ball but don’t have the clothes, they mop. These queens did what they had to do for their trophies.
Nowadays, anything our favorite pop star does is legendary. But in ballroom, one could only be legendary through hard work and talent. Legendary meant you put in the effort to win your trophies, that you were the best of the best. Becoming a legend didn’t come easy.
In the ballroom world, these kids were legends. They had trophies and prestige from their community, but outside the balls, they were marginalized — black and Latin queer people in poverty at the height of the AIDS crisis. This is what made ballroom so powerful. They were able to create a space for themselves to live their fantasy and to win something.
As queer representation in media has increased, queer slang has entered the lexicon of the English language, trickling down to our internet-speak. Through shows like “RuPaul’s Drag Race” and “Pose,” queer culture is reaching millions. That’s not a bad thing. But now that our culture is finally being appreciated by mainstream media, we should pay respect to the real creators who didn’t live to see it treasured.
This story was originally published on July 23, 2019.
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Good purchase order software will ensure that your business receives the inventory it requires from suppliers quickly and easily. It simplifies the procurement process and allows you to rest assured that your business will receive the products it needs later.
There are many purchase order software options. Which software should your company choose? Before we get into the list, let’s first understand what purchase order software is.
Table of Contents
- 1 What is a Purchase Order?
- 2 How does a Purchase Order work?
- 3 When to use a purchase order vs. an invoice
- 4 How to create a purchase order
- 5 5 Free Purchase order software for your Amazon business
- 6 Methodology to Choose Purchase Order Software
- 7 Conclusion
What is a Purchase Order?
A purchase order (PO) is a legally binding document created by a buyer and given to a seller. A purchase order, similar to your “cart” on an e-commerce site, is a list of the products you wish to buy. It contains all the order details, including the quantity and type of products that the buyer requires, payment terms, and delivery details.
A purchase requisition is different from a purchase order—the latter acts as a contract between buyer and seller. The buyer commits to purchase goods or services at the agreed amount by submitting an order. A purchase order provides insurance for the seller against non-payment because the order is completed before the buyer receives the bill.
How does a Purchase Order work?
Small businesses that order large quantities of goods often use purchase orders. A pet shop might need to order large quantities of different types of dog food, so it may have to purchase several kinds from the supplier. This is how a pet shop owner would order the goods:
- The shop owner creates an order to purchase from the supplier.
- If the supplier has enough inventory, they will accept the purchase order, fulfill it and deliver the goods on the due date.
- The supplier will send you a bill or sales invoice for the items purchased.
- The buyer pays the item, and the transaction is completed through the seller’s point-of-sale system.
Buyers have the option to place special orders for large shipments and recurring purchases. A standing order allows buyers to purchase the exact same product multiple times using the same PO number.
A blanket order allows two parties to agree on multiple deliveries within a specified time frame and at a fixed price. Blanket orders are usually used by companies that have a strong relationship. They may include discounts or other incentives.
What is the difference between a purchase order and an invoice?
It’s not surprising that purchase orders and invoices, which are legally binding documents that are sent between buyers and sellers, are often confused. They are often linked because purchase orders can be used to create invoices, which refer to goods purchased and their respective prices. Each document is used at a different stage of the buying process and sometimes by different people.
There are some differences between purchase orders, invoices, and purchase orders.
- Created by the buyer
- Created Before purchase
- Layout the goods required
- Includes proposed payment details
- Created by the seller
- Created after purchase
- Confirms goods delivered
- Requires payment by a particular date
When to use a purchase order vs. an invoice
A buyer can use a Purchase Order to order. It is issued prior to delivery. After delivery, a seller issues an invoice. It identifies the amount due by the buyer for the goods purchased and the date that the buyer must pay.
How to create a purchase order
Online software is available to assist with purchase orders for business owners. However, you can also create your own order forms using a Word or Excel document.
Here are the things you need to include
- Issue date
- The quantity and products required
- Details about the product, including SKU numbers, model numbers, and brand names
- Each product’s price per unit
- Delivery date
- Number of PO
- Information about your business, including shipping and billing addresses, company name, and contact information
- Payment terms, such as “paid on delivery” or specific payment dates options.
5 Free Purchase order software for your Amazon business
1. Paramount WorkPlace
Paramount WorkPlace works best for automated processing.
Paramount WorkPlace allows you to create and manage purchase orders easily. It gives employees and managers the tools to streamline the PO approval process and manage to spend efficiently.
The modern interface is easy to use and accessible by all employees, regardless of their skill level. You can send approved requisitions for PO creation and create detailed audit logs automatically.
Paramount Workplace allows seamless integration with ERP applications such as Sage-ERP and Sage Intacct. This will enhance the user experience.
Paramount WorkPlace offers Punchout Capabilities, which allows you to keep information regarding guided buying catalogs with large or changing catalogs. This allows organizations to reduce the time required for maintenance and catalog management. Punchout Capabilities are able to speed up the ordering process, lower procurement costs, and give organizations more control over their purchasing.
Vendors can also use the self-service portal to send their invoices electronically, which simplifies the PO process. Users can also easily access quotes from multiple vendors to find the best match and then choose the one that suits them best.
- Automated PO creation
- Electronically submit invoices to vendors
- Facilitate the management of multiple quotes simultaneously
- Unlimitable approval and Routing Rules
- Spend Control
- Integrations of ERP systems seamlessly and in real-time out-of-the-box
- Catalog and Punchout Capabilities
Verdict Paramount WorkPlace is a great tool that simplifies the PO process for vendors and businesses. It’s very simple to set up and use. If you are looking to reduce your PO processing costs by nearly half, we recommend this tool.
KissFlow is a fantastic purchase order software. Its robust PO processing function is one of the main reasons for this. This software allows users to use a paperless solution, which allows for efficient execution and management of all PO documentation.
To ensure that PO’s are compliant with established policies, users can use rule-based customizable workflows. It ensures that there are no mistakes in the creation of PO’s. This allows for unregistered vendor enrollment to be done in a flexible manner.
Management has access to real-time, actionable insights that can be used to reduce waste and save money on procurement.
- Attractive UI
- Flexible PO processing
- Compliance with the enhanced policy
- Real-time insights into spend
Verdict KissFlow is one of the most intuitive purchase order processing solutions on the market today. It’s great for vendor management and easy PO approvals. It’s a great tool that allows large and mid-sized enterprises to manage their purchasing system.
3. Planergy Purchase Control
Planergy’s Purchase Control offers its clients a simple, user-friendly PO processing solution that is perfect for small businesses. It is a cloud-based PO management solution that works well for small businesses.
It allows users to manage purchase orders, requests, and spending, create invoices, and streamline the whole PO process. It has a powerful reporting feature that provides managers with the information they need to improve their performance.
- Manage PO’s, purchase orders, and create them
- Management of spending
- Robust filtering of reports
- Processing centrally of POs
Verdict Purchase Control seamlessly connects small businesses’ entire software environment to provide a seamless and seamless PO processing experience. For a more efficient procurement process, the software is focused on reducing waste and increasing productivity.
4. O2b Technologies
The best for multilevel and single-level PO authorization workflows.
O2b technology offers purchase management software that greatly simplifies the PO process. It automates and streamlines the creation, tracking, and management of PO’s, as well as purchase requests, to make it less chaotic.
The software focuses on creating agile POs that users can complete in just a few clicks. The software allows seamless integration of other applications. These integrations allow for efficient vendor relationship management and accounting as well as customer relationship management and inventory management.
The software is capable of executing single-level or multilevel PO authorization workflows. It also offers a comprehensive audit track mechanism that allows you to keep a detailed record of all approved and rejected PO’s.
- Multi-application integration
- Management and creation of POs
- Workflow for single- and multilevel PO authorization
- Complete audit trail of all PO’s approved and rejected
VerdictO2b is a purchase management system that streamlines and automates all aspects of the PO process. This software is perfect for you if you want to create, maintain, and track purchase orders and requests.
Best for controlled Po processing.
WorkflowMax is an all-in-one project management software. It also offers a fantastic PO processing solution. It provides companies with an easy-to-use, visually appealing, and user-friendly tool.
This tool automates and streamlines the PO process. It allows bulk purchase orders to be processed, spending management can be improved, and crucial data can be entered without errors. It integrates seamlessly into Xero, allowing managers to push bills through without delay and reduce double handling.
The software gives you the tools to track your purchase order and keep track of the order details. This software ensures that invoices are paid on time and vendors are not surprised at the end of the month.
- Seamless integration of Xero
- Elimination of double-handling
- Real-time tracking and analysis of PO’s throughout the processing chain
- Bulk processing of PO’s
Verdict WorkflowMax is a winner because of its simplified approach to bulk PO processing. The biggest selling point is its seamless integration with Xero, which automatically pushes bills. It is very affordable and easy to use.
Methodology to Choose Purchase Order Software
There are many factors to consider when choosing purchase order software.
We reviewed three factors that we considered most important when selecting a PO software.
A good purchase order software must have automated features like invoicing and billing. Notifications to all stakeholders are also important.
This is the “set-it-and-forget-it” method of ordering inventory from vendors. The process is quick and easy. It will be easy to facilitate the relationship between buyer and vendor.
The software will allow you to place a purchase request and automatically send it to the appropriate stakeholder for approval. It automatically goes to the vendor once it is approved.
There’s no need to follow up with people to verify that it was indeed sent. Automation is the best!
You will need a purchase order software to meet the needs of your employees and team. A purchase order software that has a complete catalog of products is essential to achieve this end. This will give your team an easy and quick way to order office supplies or tech products. These can be supplied by suppliers or managed on-site by a procurement team. You want to have access to the items you need, regardless of what you do.
Good purchase order software should not break the bank. This means that the price should not be too high, but also that the software should help your business remain within your budget. There are many ways to do this. Most people use a budgeting tool that is customized to their business goals and needs.
The tool should allow you to adjust the budget dollar amount and should also be capable of working with different types of budgets. Your business may not have one budget that covers everything. It is like subdividing your company by projects, teams, or divisions. This should be possible with your purchase order software.
The best PO management software will allow you to create PO’s without errors, track purchases, and improve your relationship with vendors. It will also help you fulfill orders promptly. So choose wisely
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An annual review of your current career status will reveal if you need to make yourself a more valuable worker or job candidate — or just happier. The review will help determine if you are not quite where you ought to be and what you need to resolve the situation. Here are some ways to give yourself a yearly career checkup.
Reflect on career: Ask questions that determine how you feel about your current career and whether you are satisfied with the work-life balance. Depending on the answers, write down a one-page summary of what you would like to change or achieve in your career in the coming year, as well as a list of your recent accomplishments and professional-development activities. By doing so, you’ll have this key information at the ready if you need it for your performance review or to apply for a new job.
Update marketing materials: You never know when the perfect job opportunity might surface. Take time to revamp and update your career marketing materials like your resume and LinkedIn profile so they accurately reflect your current career and objectives. Identify opportunities for professional development and training. Your career review might reveal areas that could use some attention.
Audit digital footprint: Every time you make a comment on a blog, post a photo or do anything online you leave a trail of personal information on the web. Sometimes, that online behavior can be problematic because it sends the wrong message about you to prospective employers. Spend time to review, and if necessary, clean up your digital footprint.
Schedule networking commitments: You know how important networking is for your career. But between work and family obligations, it is often hard to find the time. The best way to counteract this dilemma is by scheduling networking activities into your calendar. Try to set aside at least two hours per week for networking; more if you’re in active job search mode.
Research new possibilities: Making a job change or career switch can take longer than you expect. So if you are considering either, begin the process now — before you feel pressured into it. Read industry trade journals, attend professional conferences and follow industry-related discussions online. Set-up Google Alerts for your field, too, so you will stay on top of news and developments that could impact your career. Schedule at least one hour each week for career research. Blocking out that time on your calendar will make it more likely that you’ll honor this commitment going forward.
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An inventor may want to attract investors (e.g., angel investor) to help with the finances of launching an invention. The inventor might just have an idea and nothing else. They may not have started the patent process, engineering, prototyping, or proof of concept and are really at the very beginning of the launching process. However, they may want the investor to share in the development costs. How does the inventor go about pitching the invention invention to the investor?
Dilemma between the investor and the inventor
The inventor needs to protect the invention so that an investor cannot steal the idea and launch the product themselves. Hence, the inventor wants to bind the investor with a nondisclosure agreement. However, the investor does not want to bind him or herself to a confidentiality agreement unless he or she is going to do the deal. The investor needs enough information to evaluate the deal. How can the inventor pitch the invention to the investor while stopping the investor from stealing the idea / invention from the inventor.
Four options for pitching the invention to investors
The four options for pitching the invention to investors are:
- After establishing patent pendency;
- Under a nondisclosure agreement;
- Both 1 and 2; or
- Neither 1 nor 2.
1. After establishing patent pendency
A safe way to pitch the invention to an investor so that the investor can evaluate the deal is to disclose the invention after establishing patent pendency of the invention. Patent pendency is established by filing either a provisional or nonprovisional patent application. The patent application should include detailed information about the invention. What are its benefits? How does it work? This information and much more should be included in the patent application.
By establishing patent pendency before disclosing the idea to an investor, any efforts by the investor to commercialize the invention or file their own patent application on the invention would be trumped by the investor’s first filed patent application.
The downside to establishing patent pendency first is the cost. Patent application cost can range between a few hundred dollars up to $10 000 to $20 000. If the patent application is being filed for the sole purpose of establishing patent pendency before pitching the invention to an investor then the upper range of the cost to file the patent application is not a worthwhile investment. If that investor declines to invest in the idea / invention, then the cost to file the patent application will have been wasted. If the patent application is also filed for other additional purposes, then it may be worthwhile spending the money to establish patent pendency.
At the lower end of the range, the patent application may be inadequate to protect the inventor. Patent applications at the lower end of the cost spectrum generally mean that the patent attorney had less time to prepare the patent application. Less time generally means that they may not have included all of the information that they should have included in the patent application. Patent protection afforded by establishing patent pendency is dependent upon the information that is included in the patent application. If the information does not fully describe the full scope of the invention then the lower cost patent application, and thus lower quality does not provide any type of patent protection for aspects of the invention that were not disclosed in the patent application.
Depending on the inventor’s financial means and the value of the invention, the inventor needs to decide for themselves if it is financially beneficial to spend the money to establish patent pendency for their idea.
2. Under a nondisclosure agreement
A nondisclosure agreement (or confidentiality agreement) is a contract that would prohibit the investor from disclosing or commercializing the invention on their own. The inventor could pitch the idea to the investor under a nondisclosure agreement. It would also prohibit the investor from using the information pitched to the investor for any other reason (e.g., benefits of patent protection) than to evaluate whether the investor would like to invest in the invention or product launch. The investor could be liable for breach of contract if they violate the terms of the nondisclosure agreement.
For the investor, the downside is that the nondisclosure agreement locks them in and prevents them engaging in businesses elsewhere that they might otherwise want to invest in. To mitigate this, there are often exceptions to the agreement to not disclose the information. Nondisclosure agreements often have an exception that the investor is not prohibited from investing in a similar business if the investor had previously received similar information from another inventor.
Even with this and other exceptions, many investors are reluctant to enter into nondisclosure agreements. Some online commentators have stated that “Real investors don’t sign NDAs.” I was an update author for Trade Secret Practice in California published by the Continuing Education of the Bar of California for a number of years. The standard recommendation to companies and investors was to have a standing negative nondisclosure. It is a notice that they would not keep any information confidential and that the inventor should establish patent pendency prior to pitching the invention to the investor or company. Patent pendency had to be established by the inventor before submission. It was better to require that inventors file a patent application on the invention and establish patent pendency before receiving any type of idea submission. This requirement limited the number of idea submissions but it would also limit liability to companies and investors for any potential breach of a nondisclosure agreement.
Not all investors are unwilling to enter into a nondisclosure agreement—it is worth at least asking to see if they would consider it. If they won’t, then the inventor would have to choose whether to spend the money to establish patent pendency, disclose the invention without any sort of protection, or to forego pitching the idea to that investor.
3. Both 1 and 2 (After establishing patent pendency and under a nondisclosure agreement)
This would be the best of both worlds—patent infringement and breach of contract. This would also be the safest way to disclose the idea to the investor. The inventor would have the patent application prepared and filed before disclosing the invention to the investor. The inventor would also ask the investor to enter into a nondisclosure agreement. If the investor says yes, then great. If not, then the inventor would have to decide whether to pitch the invention with patent pendency only, which in many circumstances would be acceptable.
4. Neither 1 nor 2
If patent pendency is not established and the investor does not want to enter into a nondisclosure agreement, then the inventor has to choose whether to disclose the idea / invention without any protection, or to forego pitching the invention to the investor.
The United States is a “relative novelty country.” This means that the United States allows its inventors to disclose and even commercialize an invention for one year, and they must establish patent pendency before that one year time period has expired. This is referred to as the “one year grace period.” If the patent application is not filed within the one year time period, the invention is dedicated to the public.
Unfortunately, the United States changed its patent laws in 2013 to be a “first-inventor-to-file” country. With this, the United States retained the one year grace period, but made it detrimental to rely on this grace period. The reason is that a third party (i.e., investor) could file their own patent application for an improved version of the invention within this period and be awarded the patent if they were the first to file.
There are actions and procedures that the inventor could take against the third party to remedy this situation. However, the costs and uncertainty of the outcome would, in my estimation, dissuade many inventors from pursuing those actions. Many would give up their idea.
Nevertheless, this is a valid option, and it occurs frequently, especially among family and friends. However, it is not the ideal situation.
I invite you to contact me with your patent questions (949) 433-0900. Please feel free to forward this article to your friends. As an Orange County Patent Attorney, I serve Orange County, Irvine, Los Angeles, San Diego and surrounding cities.
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|
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A World Health Organization official says there could be up to 10,000 new cases of Ebola per week within two months. WHO assistant director-general Dr. Bruce Aylward says if the response to the Ebola crisis isn't stepped up within 60 days, "a lot more people will die" and there will be a huge need on the ground to deal with the spiraling numbers of cases.
Aylward said for the last four weeks, there have been about 1,000 new cases per week, though that figure includes suspected, confirmed and probable cases. WHO increased its Ebola death toll tally to 4,447, nearly all of them in West Africa, and the group said the number of probable and suspected cases was 8,914.
WHO is aiming to have 70 percent of cases isolated within two months to reverse the outbreak, which has hit Sierra Leone, Guinea and Liberia hardest. Aylward said that the death rate in the current Ebola outbreak has increased to 70 percent.
- Every Second Counts: New Ebola Report Predicts Huge Spike
- How Did the Nurse Get it? What We Know (and Don't) About Ebola
- Ebola Survivor Brantly Donates Blood to Stricken Nurse
-The Associated Press
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|
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|
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| 0.955206
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| 2.96875
| 3
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Living off grid has many perks. From saving money to freedom from the system, off grid living is becoming the fastest growing lifestyle for retirees and the next generation coming up. We’re sure the high cost of living has something to do with it. But there’s many other benefits to unplugging from the matrix. Check out LandCentral’s 7 Perks to Living Off Grid:
#1 – Amazing Views
If you find yourself on an off grid property, chances are you’re surrounded by nature. Whether it’s desert or forest land, the views are amazing. This is what it means to live off grid. Waking up to awe inspiring sunrises and falling asleep beneath a blanket of stars. That’s right, the lack of light pollution means the stars come out in full force on your off grid lot. But this isn’t the only perk to living off grid.
Check out this Sprawling 12 Acres of Off Grid Paradise.
#2 – Save Money
We mentioned it above, but it’s worth repeating. You actually save money by living off grid. Sure, it may cost a bit up front, but off grid living can be tailored to you depending on your budget and just how much time you want to invest in your new homesteading life. Check out the variety of ways you can save your money:
- Collect rainwater – This is free water you can collect and store, ready to use later.
- Live on a well – If your land doesn’t come with a well, you may have to put one in, but you’ll have no recurring utilities bill after that. Not a bad trade if you ask us.
- Use solar panels – Another way to ditch the utilities bill, solar panels are an affordable way to power your home, especially if you live in a sunny climate. Solar panels can be placed on your roof or somewhere else on your property then wired in to your home.
- Grow a Garden – Ditch the grocery bill and grow your own produce and herbs in your very own garden. This is an easy way to save hundreds of dollars and know exactly where your food is coming from. Since most healthy food comes from natural ingredients, you’d be surprised at how many things you can make with a well planned garden.
- Raise Your Own Animals – Many people living off grid raise chickens not only for eggs, but for the meat too. Other easy and useful animals to raise on your homestead include ducks, goats, sheep, and quail.
Check out this Over 100 Acre Property Only 27 Miles Northwest of Sierra Blanca.
#3 – Peace, Quiet, and Freedom!
Starry nights, the gentle sound of nature; this is all possible when you remove the neighbors. Having space from the urban jungle brings about a peace and quiet one can only dream of. There’s a freedom to be had when you wake up to the sound of birds and not your neighbor’s lawn mower. If that’s not a big enough reason to try off grid living, we don’t know what is.
#4 – Pride in What’s Yours
There’s something primal about going back to basics, about living off the land and being self sufficient. It’s almost like it’s built into our DNA. Surviving on your own and making your own way brings a sense of pride that when the zombie apocalypse comes, you’ll be ready. At the very least, you’ll learn some long forgotten skills on how to truly make a living.
#5. – Cleaner Air
City air has a suffocating element to it. The pollution from the car exhaust, manufacturing plants, and other sources can have us forgetting how to breathe. All of this goes away when you head to the country. Being able to take a deep breath of fresh air on your own off grid lot is worth the trade off of having to work more for the modern conveniences.
#6. – Smaller Footprint
If you have the state of the planet on your mind, you can rest easy knowing that living off grid significantly reduces your carbon footprint. You’re taking less and giving more when you scale back your lifestyle and live smaller. Growing your own food, using less power, and utilizing what mother nature gives you are all impactful ways to make a difference for your planet.
Check out this Bargain Beginner Pack of Arizona Desert Acreage.
#7. – You don’t Have to Work as Hard
Now hear us out on this one. Yes, you may have to work harder on your land for the smaller conveniences, like growing your food verses buying it at a store, but where you don’t have to work as hard is for your paycheck. Freeing up monthly expenses means you don’t need to make as much money. Which means you can potentially have more time on your hands to devote to your new off grid life.
So there you have it. LandCentral’s 7 Perks to Living Off Grid. Of course there are more, but these 7 do the trick to convince anyone who’s tired of the rat race to consider a better, more conscious way of living. So when you’re ready to give off grid living a try, let us know. We have just the properties to get you started!
|
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Source: Massey University
The first episode of our new podcast series tackles equality and equity and the role of our education system as a solution. Subscribe now to Conversations that Count – Ngā Kōrero Whai Take, for essential insight into the future of Aotearoa.
The idea that all New Zealanders should have access to equal opportunities is one that rarely meets with opposition. But if inequality is baked into a society, how can we redress the issues underpinning that? Dispensing assistance according to who needs it most might be unequal by definition, but in a world where we don’t all use the same starting blocks, is that the kind of approach needed to ensure fair outcomes?
That problem – of equity v equality – is exactly what the first episode of Conversations that Count – Ngā Kōrero Whai Take, our new podcast produced in partnership with The Spinoff, seeks to unravel. Broadcaster, author and Massey University lecturer Stacey Morrison hosts the kōrero, joined by Massey University Professor in Innovation and Economics Christoph Schumacher and The Spinoff’s Justin Latif, a former communications director for the Child Poverty Action Group and current chair of the board of a South Auckland primary school.
One of the key measures used by Shared Prosperity to map New Zealand’s overall equality is accessibility of education, and quantifying such access can give researchers “a measurable reflection of the distribution of opportunities for individuals.” The study highlights the ability of education to drive substantial change in all areas, stating that “availability of education is an important method of removing barriers to equitable outcomes of other kinds, by generating future prospects that are not tethered to an individual’s initial or current situation.”
For Dr Schumacher however, ensuring equal academic opportunities requires more than simply regulating for equal access.
“Somebody who grows up with both parents having gone to university will end up with a good degree, and we know that’s correlated to a good-income job, which will open doors for you,” he says.
The result is an unequal social structure, where those with a family history of higher education are better equipped to follow that path than those without. And while studies like the Legatum Prosperity Index tell us that education is more accessible here than in many other countries, he points out that access to those opportunities still varies significantly based on circumstance.
“Telling someone they have the opportunity to attend [higher education] – if that infrastructure isn’t there – doesn’t make any difference.”
The potential solutions the panel explores are numerous and wide-ranging – everything from direct government interventions and cooperative efforts by public entities to shifts in the way that we design and implement curricula. One unique opportunity for New Zealand is the value in looking to kaupapa Māori to lead our approach, says Latif.
“A friend of mine who grew up in Ihumātao was telling me about how she grew up sitting at her grandparents’ feet in marae meetings. And she really got a sense of who she was – her culture, her language – but also about the expectations of duty, of responsibility to make the world a better place. And it really struck me that she’s gone on to become a successful journalist and business owner, and many of her cousins are [successful] as well, and they’ve done that based on a really strong anchor that their marae provided them,” he says.
“Not everyone can whakapapa back to a marae in the heart of Mangere, but what are other ways that we build those anchor points? The principles that come out of that te ao Māori perspective can really be spread across New Zealand.”
Created: 05/08/2020 | Last updated: 05/08/2020
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|
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| 0.956556
| 807
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Ransomware attack vectors: more sophisticated than you think
The common stereotype of a ransomware attacker is a single person in a darkened room, trying everything they can to get into your system. When you think about ransomware like that, it’s easy to lull yourself into a false sense of security. After all, how much damage could some random teenager do to your business?
But this false sense of security is just that: false. The reality is that ransomware attack vectors are a lot more complicated – not to mention sophisticated – than the conventional wisdom of one person in a darkened room.
A ransomware attack is almost never just one person. Rather, ransomware attacks will be complex teams, distributed all over the world.
These teams roughly break down into two groups. The first group look for ways in to your system – in other words, the ransomware attack vectors. This is where the stereotype comes from, as this is the “grunt” work of a ransomware attack.
The second group exploit the vulnerability once the first group find it. These people are much more sophisticated, and look more like a corporate software development team than a group of criminals (although make no mistake – they are criminals).
This division of labour means that everyone is highly specialised. When you finally learn about a ransomware attacker, that person is usually highly experienced, and has pulled of many ransomware attacks – not just breaches, but full-blown locking down of victims’ systems and successful extortion of a ransom payment.
Defending against these teams
These teams are so skilled, that the best way to defend against them is to keep them from getting in in the first place. To read more about why this is the case (including an introduction to ransomware-as-a-service), and learn about three more common ransomware myths, download our guide: Four ransomware myths that you need to stop believing.
It’s the best first step you can take towards adequately protecting yourself from these sophisticated ransomware attack teams.
|
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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|
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|
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| 0.957832
| 407
| 2.3125
| 2
|
Mainly used in air conditioner indoor and outdoor units with the pipingl.
Copper-Aluminum connecting pipe for Air conditioner
Applications: The two ends of the pipe use a copper and the middle is aluminum pipe. The joint method between copper pipe and the middle is aluminum pipe adopts insertion resistance welding, which not only satisfies the requirement that the pipe connector material must be copper but also achieves the same effect.
Advantages:Low cost and Antioxidant: It doesn’t exist the quality risk that copper-aluminum connecting pipe both ends and the valve contact is easy to produce the oxidation and corrosion, the material for two ends of copper and aluminum pipe is copper, to avoid this problem from occurring, to achieve a lower cost of purpose.Long Life, the outer surface of copper-aluminum connecting pipe used cross-linked polyethylene (pyrocondensation pipe) antiseptic treatment to ensure the separation of water and moist air on the corrosion of aluminum tubes, life is more than 20 years. Both sides connected to the valve is copper, the connection will not have any effect. Construction of facilities, and all brass lighter than 1 / 3, easy handling, excellent bending properties, easy to install and movement.The outer protective film of Copper and aluminum tube has a strong anticorrosion ability
Inside and outside of the welding parts are prohibited have the tumor surface, cracks, holes, impurities, such as welding defects
Pressure: test pressure 4.9MPa, packing 5min, pipeline leaks and cracking phenomenon may not occur.
Airtightness by root test, test pressure 2.0MPa, 10s should not be packing bubbles
Canal cleanliness: inner surface, the sum of residual impurities ≤ 30mg/m2
Salt spray test, no corrosion at room temperature 500h
Welded joints of the mechanical properties: Tensile strength :60-118MPa. Elongation: δ10 ≥ 18%
|
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|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.b2bage.com/product-refrigerator-parts/1688269/copper-aluminum-connecting-pipe-for-air-conditioner.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281424.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00339-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
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| 0.887707
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Irish texts available on CELT, edited by Whitley Stokes
Select bibliography of works of Stokes
1830 February 28: born in Dublin; educated St Columba's College,
taught by Denis Coffey, from Munster; through his father's interests
got to know John O'Donovan, George
Petrie and Eugene O'Curry.
1847: entered Trinity College Dublin, graduated B.A. in 1851.
1851 October 9: became student at Inner Temple; called to the
bar in 1855; practised in London until 1862 when he left for India
visiting Madras and Calcutta.
1859: published "Irish Glosses from a MS. in Trinity College,
1860: "A Treatise on the Liens of Legal Practitioners"
published; as was A Mediaeval Tract on Latin Declension,
with Examples explained in Latin and the Lorica of Gildas, with
the Gloss thereon and Glosses from the Book of Armagh by
the Irish Archaeological and Celtic Society, for which he received
the gold medal of the Royal Irish Academy.
1861: "Powers of Attorney" published.
1862-1865: in India made secretary to the governor-general's legislative
council and then secretary to the legislative department.
1864: edited and translated the Cornish mystery "Gwreansan
Bys" (Creation of the World).
1865: married Mary Bazely by whom he had two sons and two daughters;
Hindu Law Books published in Madras.
1874: edited and translated "The Life of St. Meriasek".
1876: Middle Breton Hours published in Calcutta.
1877-1882: law member of the council of the governor-general.
1877: made C.SI.
1879: appointed president of the Indian law commission; made C.I.E.
1882: left India for London.
1884: married Elizabeth Temple (d.1901).
1887-1888: Anglo-Indian codes (two volumes) published, with supplements.
1909 April 13: died in London.
1910: his daughters present his library of Celtic volumes to University College, London.
Dictionary of National Biography
For an obituary of Whitley Stokes by Eleanor Knott, click here.
|
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|
CC-MAIN-2016-44
|
http://www.ucc.ie/celt/stokes.html
|
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|
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| 0.952945
| 515
| 2.21875
| 2
|
Kentucky Department of Military Affairs
37th - 76th Regiments Enrolled Militia Primary Source Documents (1861-1866)
Box 80, Folder 55th-56th Regiment 1862-1865 Recruiting
Place of Creation
Louisville, Jefferson County, Kentucky
Date of Creation
23 June 1864
David R. Haggard to Thomas E. Bramlette, 23 June 1864, 37th - 76th Regiments Enrolled Militia Primary Source Documents (1861-1866), Box 80, Folder 55th-56th Regiment 1862-1865 Recruiting, Kentucky Department of Military Affairs, Frankfort, KY. Accessed via the Civil War Governors of Kentucky Digital Documentary Edition, discovery.civilwargovernors.org/document/KYR-0002-022-0058, (accessed August 10, 2022).
|
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|
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|
http://discovery.civilwargovernors.org/document/KYR-0002-022-0058
|
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|
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| 0.789787
| 227
| 2.28125
| 2
|
- Doctors treating severe COVID-19 cases in New York attempted stem cell therapy on 12 patients, 10 of whom came off ventilators after receiving treatment.
- It’s unclear whether the novel coronavirus disease can be cured with stem cells, but researchers at Mesoblast are going to conduct a clinical trial on 300 severe patients to find more answers.
- Anecdotal evidence indicates that stem cells can be helpful, but the science behind it has to be explained.
- Visit BGR’s homepage for more stories.
The novel coronavirus might not have a cure right now, but it’s still worth acknowledging the massive research effort that goes into discovering treatments that can limit COVID-19 complications and prevent death. Doctors have observed the positive effects of a garden variety of drugs that are supposed to treat other illnesses, and some of these medicines are included in massive trials around the world. Scientists are also working on over 70 vaccine candidates for COVID-19, with some of them already showing promising results. On top of that, there’s plasma from survivors that’s rich in antibodies that can help people with weaker immune systems. And doctors think they’ve discovered another promising treatment for COVID-19: Stem cells.
You often hear about stem cells and those reports are often miraculous in nature. Stem cells are human cells that have the “superpower” to transform into almost any cell of the body and they can be used to treat some medical conditions. Stem cells could regenerate lung tissue, fight inflammation, and help severe COVID-19 patients breathe on their own again. The problem with this line of thinking is that we just don’t know.
Doctors at Mount Sinai treated 12 patients with stem cell therapy, and 10 of them came off their ventilators soon after, CBSNews reports. The doctors themselves have no idea what helped the patients improve, and can’t definitively say that it’s the stem cells that saved their patients.
“What we saw in the very first patient was that within four hours of getting the cells, a lot of her parameters started to get better,” Dr. Karen Osman told CBS. The doctor made it clear that they can’t claim the stem cell treatments are what saved the patients. “We don’t know,” she said. “And we would never dare to claim that it was related to the cells.”
The doctor explained that only a randomized controlled trial would be able to tell them whether the stem cells can help with the recovery of COVID-19 patients. Thankfully, one such study is about to get underway. Mesoblast will trial stem cell treatments on 300 patients suffering from severe lung inflammation.
Osman and her team believe that stem cells extracted from bone marrow could suppress the inflammation in COVID-19 patients, and that’s why they attempted the therapy. One such patient was 60-year-old Luis Naranjo who spent 14 days unconscious on a ventilator and lost 25 pounds while hospitalized of COVID-19. Naranjo has completely recovered following stem cell therapy, and he’s at home working on regaining his strength.
If it works, stem therapy would still not be a “miracle treatment,” Osman says. “The miracle treatment will be a vaccine.” While we wait for any sort of efficient COVID-19 treatment, here’s a simple explainer for stem cells:
|
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|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://bgr.com/science/coronavirus-usa-stem-cells-treatment-heading-to-clinical-trial/
|
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|
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| 0.956784
| 732
| 2.796875
| 3
|
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