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Yeast is an ingredient that induces fear into many beginning bakers and at-home cooks. In fact, I was one of them. I wanted to make cinnamon rolls but kept procrastinating and making excuses until I decided to overcome my fear. I successfully made two different overnight cinnamon roll recipes (my first attempt; and my second attempt – which was much better). My mom’s large scallion pancake recipe also used yeast, and I have to admit that the ingredient wasn’t quite as scary as people made it sound.
Many of my online cooking friends have successfully made their own pizza dough, and I figured it was time to join the bandwagon. There’s nothing better than a freshly made pizza, and how cool would it be to make an entire one from scratch?
I found this recipe on Annie’s Eats and the dough was surprisingly easy to make. I followed the instructions to a T and froze half of the dough for later use. For our pizza, I made a barbecue chicken pizza with sliced grilled chicken, Sweet Baby Ray’s bbq sauce and shredded cheddar and mozzarella cheese. I baked mine in a 400 degree (Fahrenheit) oven on my pizza stone for 10 minutes and it was perfect.
My husband was impressed with the dough and said that it tasted even better than the ones we used to buy at the farmer’s market. Whoo hoo! Maybe homemade bread will be next on my list, but we’ll see about that…
Homemade pizza dough
- ½ cup warm water
- 2 and ¼ teaspoons instant yeast
- 4 cups (22 ounces) bread flour, plus more for dusting
- 1 and ½ teaspoons salt
- 1 and ¼ cup water at room temperature
- 2 Tablespoons extra-virgin olive oil
- Measure the warm water into a 2-cup liquid measuring cup. Sprinkle the yeast over the top. In the bowl of a stand mixer fitted with the paddle attachment, combine the bread flour and salt, mixing briefly to blend. Measure the room temperature water into the measuring cup with the yeast-water mixture. With the mixer on low speed, pour in the yeast-water mixture as well as the olive oil. Mix until a cohesive dough is formed. Switch to the dough hook. Knead on low speed until smooth and elastic, about 5 minutes. Transfer to a lightly oiled bowl, turning once to coat. Cover with plastic wrap and let rise until doubled in size, 1½-2 hours.
- Press down the dough to deflate it. Transfer the dough to a lightly floured work surface. Divide the dough into two equal pieces. Form each piece of dough into a smooth, round ball. (If freezing the dough, wrap in plastic wrap and freeze at this point.) Cover with a damp cloth. Let the dough relax for at least 10 minutes but no longer than 30 minutes.
- To bake, preheat the oven and pizza stone to 500˚ F for at least 30 minutes (I preheated my oven to 400 and left my pizza stone in there; I took the stone out as soon as the oven was done preheating). Transfer the dough to your shaping surface, lightly sprinkled with cornmeal. Shape the dough with lightly floured hands. Brush the outer edge lightly with olive oil (I did not do this). Top as desired. Bake until the crust is golden brown, and cheese is bubbling, 8-12 minutes (my pizza baked at 400 degrees F for 10 minutes). | <urn:uuid:9e99d15b-ab0e-48fa-a34f-a94cbb3faa1e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.eva-bakes.com/homemade-pizza-dough/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00668.warc.gz | en | 0.95829 | 736 | 1.539063 | 2 |
A sermon [on Ecclesiastes vii. 10] preach'd before the Society corresponding with the Incorporated Society in Dublin, for promoting English Protestant Working-schools in Ireland, at their anniversary meeting in the parish-church of St. Mary le Bow, on Saturday, March 17. 1738-9. By ... Joseph Lord Bishop of Rochester.
|Main Creator:||Wilcocks, Joseph, 1673-1756.|
|Published / Created:||
London : printed by M. Downing, 1739.
With an abstract of the proceedings of the society, accounts, list of schools, etc.
Physical description: 32 p. ; 4to
|Call Number||View in||Collection|
|P 495||Main Reading Room||Pamphlets|
|Ir 372941 i 1(15)||Main Reading Room||Irish| | <urn:uuid:e8153650-b5bb-4445-a1a9-a52b953eefb8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://catalogue.nli.ie/Record/vtls000198984 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283301.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00512-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.762772 | 182 | 1.71875 | 2 |
"Them Confugion steamers," said Mrs. Gamp, shaking her umbrella again, "has done more to throw us out of our reg'lar work and bring ewents on at times when nobody counted on 'em (especially them screeching railroad ones), than all the other frights that ever was took. I have heerd of one young man, a guard upon a railway, only three years opened — well does Mrs. Harris know him, which indeed he is her own relation by her sister's marriage with a master sawyer — as is godfather at this present time to six-and-tuenty blessed little strangers, equally unexpected, and all on 'um named after the Ingeins as was the cause. Ugb!" said Mrs. Gamp, resuming her apostrophe, "one might easy know you was a man's invention, from your disregardlessness of the weakness of our naturs, so one might, you brute!" [Martin Chuzzlewit, chapter 40]
"Oh, you're a broth of a boy, ain't you?" returned Miss Mowcher, shaking her head violently. "I said, what a set of hummbugs we were in general, and I showed you the scraps of the prince's nails to prove it. The Prince's nails do more for me in private families of the genteel sort than all my talents put together. I always carry em about; they re the best introduction. If Miss Mowcher cuts the prince's nails, she must be all right. I give 'em away to the young ladies. They put 'em in albums, [31-32] I believe. Ha! ha! ha! Upon my life, 'the whole social system' (as the men call it when they make speeches in Parliament) is a system of Prince's nails!" David Copperfield
It does not seem to me to be enough to say of any description that it is the exact truth. The exact truth must be there; but tbe merit or art in the narrator, is the manner of stating the truth. As to which thing in literature, it always seems to me that there is a world to be done. And in these times, when the tendency is to be frightfully literal and catalogue-like — to make the thing, in short, a sort of sum in reduction that any miserable creature can do in that way — I have an idea (really founded on the love of what I profess), that the very holding of popular literature through a kind of popular dark age, may depend on such fanciful treatment. [John Forster, The Life of Charles Dickens, Book Nine, Chapter I]
s his eventful career bears witness, Dickens was very much a man of his times; and it is in the full context of an age primarily characterized by rapid change that his writings must, in the first instance, be read if they are to yield their full meaning. Equally partial and therefore reductive are the views of Chesterton and the Pickwickians, who find the best of Dickens in the overflowing vitality of the early novels with their nostalgic looking back to an older order, and the views of writers like Gissing and Shaw, who prefer the later works for their somberly realistic portrayal of the new industrial society. The very grounds for disagreement between the two approaches suggest the importance of establishing a firm historical basis for the criticism of Dickens' achievement.
In their exuberant and heterogeneous inclusiveness, Pickwick Papers, Nicholas Nickleby, The Old Curiosity Shop, and Martin Chuzzlewit are unmistakably the work of the same inspired reporter who wrote Sketches by Boz. Dickens might have been offering his own apology for these early literary excursions when he had Pickwick say at the end of his pilgrimage: [33/34]
I shall never regret having devoted the greater part of two years to mixing with different varieties and shades of human character: frivolous as my pursuit of novelty may have appeared to many.... If I have done but little good, I trust I have done less harm, and that none of my adventures will be other than a source of amusing and pleasant recollection.
The guise in which The Uncommercial Traveller came before the public in 1860 shows that late in his career the writer still held to the aims with which he had set out:
Figuratively speaking, I travel for the great house of Human Interest Brothers, and have rather a large connection in the fancy goods way. Literally speaking, I am always wandering here and there from my rooms in Covent-garden, London — now about the city streets: now, about the country by-roads — seeing many little things and some great things, which, because they interest me, I think may interest others.
If Dickens' initial adoption of the picaresque mode was primarily determined by his boyhood reading of Cervantes and Smollett and Fielding, he could hardly have made a choice better suited to his purposes and talents. This form has been called the novel of successive encounters; and surely the great unrelated scenes of comedy and melodrama are the passages from Dickens' early stories which remain memorable. That, indeed, he constructed his narratives to link these scenes is apparent from the accompanying illustrations, the subjects of which were customarily specified by the writer. Examples crowd to mind: Pickwick in the Pound, the death of Sikes, the breaking up of Dotheboys Hall, Dick Swiveller teaching cribbage to the Marchioness, Sarah Gamp and Betsey Prig over tea.
Left to right: (a) Pickwick
in the Pound. (b) The breaking up of Dotheboys Hall. (c) Mrs. Gamp
Propoges a Toast. [Not in print version.]
Not surprisingly Dickens was to find that the material [34/35] most readily adaptable for public reading came from the earlier works. When, on the other hand, he wanted to carve out a section from David Copperfield, he ran into problems which he described to Forster as follows: "There is still the huge difficulty that I constructed the whole with intense pains and have so woven it up and blended it together, that I cannot yet so separate the parts as to tell the story of David's life with Dora." It has not been sufficiently remarked that the episodic nature of the picaresque tale was ideally suited as well for displaying the eccentricities in speech and behaviour of the comic and grotesque characters who constitute the indisputable triumphs of Dickens' art at this period. Sam Weller or Quilp or Mrs. Gamp or Pecksniff enjoy absolutely free and autonomous existences; to cramp any one within the exigencies of a tightly woven plot would be to deprive him of the opportunities for uninhibited self-expression which are the very principle of his being.
The reader who uncritically abandons himself to the panoramic vagaries of Dickens' first novels will hardly be disposed to linger over the occasional passages of social comment, incisive as these often are. The reforming conscience is present, but still diffused, principally concerned, as Shaw said, with "individual delinquencies, local plague-spots, negligent authorities." Real injustice and oppression occur within a framework of melodramatically contrived incidents. The victims suffer under private rancor which, as in the case of Monks' persecution of Oliver or Ralph Nickleby's of Kate, is preposterously motivated. The evil-doing of the villains is countered by the equally gratuitous benevolence of such characters as Brownlow, the Cheeryble brothers, and Garland. The distance which Dickens had yet to travel to achieve the sustained satire of his final period can be gauged by [35/36] contrasting the sporadic incursion of social criticism into his early novels with the full development of the same themes later on. Thus, Pickwick's brief incarceration in the Fleet looks forward to the Marshalsea setting which dominates so much of the action in Little Dorrit. Both Nicholas Nickleby and Hard Times take off from schoolroom scenes; but Squeers' brutal regime at Dotheboys Hall lacks the thematic relevance of Gradgrind's Benthamite institution. The horrors of the industrial landscape to which Nell is fleetingly exposed are little more than a preliminary sketch for the spiritual wasteland of Coketown in Hard Times.
Evil always darkens the world of Dickens' fiction; but the novelist was at the outset of his career more occupied with its effects than its causes. Suffering is visited on characters who are both defenseless and blameless, and whose plight, therefore, elicits a primarily emotional response. The forlorn child protagonists of Oliver Twist and The Old Curiosity Shop, and the idiot Barnaby Rudge sound depths of pathos better calculated to stir the sympathies than to awaken the critical intelligence.
Not before the mid-1840s did Dickens begin to view society in its organic wholeness, and so to perceive the importance of grouping individual lives within encompassing cultural patterns. This was a decade of extreme political and economic unrest, when the populace first felt the full oppression of the Industrial Revolution. Barnaby Rudge is the first of Dickens' novels to evince a consistent awareness of contemporary problems. The widespread apprehension aroused by the Chartist agitation for parliamentary reform is mirrored in the treatment of the mob scenes, even though these ostensibly describe the Gordon Riots of 1780. The American episodes in Martin Chuzzlewit [36/37] further illustrate Dickens' growing recognition of the power of society over its individual members. Those would-be individualists, Colonel Diver, Jefferson Brick, LaFayette Kettle, General Cyrus Choke, the Hon. Elijah Pogram, and Hannibal Chollop share a common identity in their blatantly nationalistic prejudices.
With Dombey and Son the dynamic operation of change on the life of the age begins to dominate Dickens' imagination. In the railways, spreading their network from city to city across the face of England, the novelist found an emblem for the innovating spirit which had overnight replaced the leisurely world of stagecoaches and country inns celebrated in Pickwick Papers. Although too lengthy for quotation, the description of Todgers's immemorial disorderliness in Chapter 9 of Martin Chuzzlewit should be compared with the description in Chapter 6 of Dombey and Son of the very different kind of disorder visited on Staggs's Gardens by the coming of the railroad. In Todgers's the past is inviolably preserved in the present; the scene from the ensuing novel asserts that today is only prelude to tomorrow. Equally suggestive is the contrast between the great commercial firm of which Dombey is the head and those piratical ventures belonging to a precapitalist era of which Dickens makes sport in Nicholas Nickleby and Martin Chuzzlewit under the ludicrous appellations of the United Metropolitan Improved Hot Muffin and Crumpet Baking and Punctual Delivery Company, and the Anglo-Bengalee Disinterested Loan and Life Assurance Company
Both Ralph Nickleby and Montague Tigg are entrepreneurs, and, as such, assignable to no fixed social station. Dombey, on the other hand, is a pillar of middle-class respectability, and his inordinate pride is [37/38] inseparable from his social position. Along with its emphasis on change, then, Dombey and Son shows Dickens' growing into the class structure of Victorian society. To such characters as Pickwick and the Cheeryble brothers, material possessions imply no privilege beyond the opportunity to dispense charity, and they treat their beneficiaries as equals. Dombey is the progenitor of a long line of figures in later novels for whom wealth has become the symbol of status, conferring the right to oppress the less fortunate. Variations on the type are Bounderby, Merdle, and Podsnap. William Dorrit joins this company when he inherits his fortune and is able to translate into actuality his playacting in the role of Father of the Marshalsea. Boffin and his wife are Dickens' agents for ridiculing respectively the snobbish aspiration for culture and the love of fashionable display which accompany newly gained riches. Altogether more biting in its reflection on Podsnappery, however, is the miserly pretense which the Golden Dustman assumes to bring Bella Wilfer to her senses. An article from Blackwood's Magazine for 1855, quoted by Humphry House, perceptively attributes the novelist's success to his understanding of the capitalist mentality, but seems curiously obtuse in suggesting that Dickens was temperamentally sympathetic with that habit of mind:
We cannot but express our conviction that it is to the fact that he represents a class that he owes his speedy elevation to the top of the wave of popular favour. He is a man of very liberal sentiments — an assailer of constituted wrongs and authorities — one of the advocates in the plea of Poor versus Rich, to the progress of which he has lent no small aid in his day. But he is, notwithstanding, perhaps more distinctly than any other author of the time, a class writer, the historian and representative of one circle in the many ranks of our social scale. Despite their descents into the lowest class, and their occasional flights into the less familiar [38/39] ground of fashion, it is the air and breath of middle- class respectability which fills the books of Mr. Dickens.
In the novels written during the 1850s Dickens came increasingly to associate everything he found amiss in the world about him with the concentration of power in the moneyed middle class. Institutions which had traditionally existed to safeguard the general welfare seemed to him to have passed into the hands of vested interests, committed to perpetuating rather than reforming existing evils. Beginning with Bleak House, the writer set out to strip away the hypocritical facades masking the abuse of authority in high places. His blanket term for the monopoly of power by privileged groups was the "System." In a moment of lucidity Gridley, the litigant from Shropshire, makes the following despairing comment on the toils of Chancery which have enmeshed him:
The system! I am told, on all hands, it's the system. I mustn't look to individuals. It's the system. I mustn't go into Court, and say, "My Lord, I beg to know this from you — is this right or wrong? Have you the face to tell me I have received justice, and therefore am dismissed?" My Lord knows nothing of it. He sits there, to administer the system.... I will accuse the individual workers of that system against me, face to face, before the great eternal bar!
Society in its institutionalized aspect has replaced the individual malefactors of the earlier novels as the true villain.
Dickens' scorn for the governing class dated from his days as a journalist, when he reported the parliamentary debates leading up to the passage of the Reform Bill of 1832. During the subsequent decades his pessimism was accentuated by a variety of factors: the ineptitude of legislative attempts to deal with the [39/40] distress brought on by the Industrial Revolution, the disillusionment of his tour in America, the influence of Carlyle's antidemocratic writings. In 1854 the novelist was proclaiming his "hope to have every man in England feel something of the contempt for the House of Commons that I have." And the following year after the Crimean debacle he stated:
I am hourly strengthened in my old belief that our political aristocracy and our tuft-hunting are the death of England. In all this business I don't see a gleam of hope. As to the popular spirit, it has come to be so entirely separated from the Parliament and Government, and so perfectly apathetic about them both, that I seriously think it a most portentous sign.
This attitude dictated the brilliant parody of party faction in Bleak House, with its portrayal of the "'oodle-ites" and the "'uffy-ites" maneuvering for the spoils of office. Broader based and more searching in its implications is the mockery in Little Dorrit of the Circumlocution Office under the domination of Lord Decimus Tite Barnacle and his parasitic clan. Dickens' political satire culminates in the chapter in Our Mutual Friend describing how the upstart Veneering bribes his way into Parliament with the wealth derived from wildcat speculation in corporation shares.
Early experience had left Dickens with as little respect for the legal profession as for politicians. With rare exceptions, such as Jaggers in Great Expectations, the attorneys in his novels discredit their calling. They are the venal and frequently fraudulent supporters of the established order, masters of prevarication and double-dealing. The "Wiglomeration" against which John Jarndyce rails is their natural element. Many of Dickens' most memorable scenes from Pickwick Papers to A Tale of Two Cities take place in courtrooms [40/41] and make fun of legal procedures. Bleak House, however, contains Dickens' most concentrated attack on this form of institutionalized chicanery. The lineaments of Tulkinghorns Vholes, Conversation Kenge, and Guppy are carefully differentiated, but all make their living off Chancery and have a common interest in preserving that outworn relic. The blighting effect of the case of Jarndyce and Jarndyce on the lives of its innocent victims is conveyed in the catalogue of names for Miss Flite's birds, which swells to a crescendo of wild humor: "Hope, Joy, Youth, Peace, Rest, Life, Dust, Ashes, Waste, Want, Ruin, Despair, Madness, Death, Cunning, Folly, Words, Wigs, Rags, Sheepskin, Plunder, Precedent, Jargon, Gammon, and Spinach."
In the world of Dickens' novels the irresponsibility of religious bodies matches that of the law. The nonconforming sects in particular aroused the writer's animus, and he took savage delight in pillorying such canting hypocrites as Stiggins, the Reverend Melchisedech Howler, and Chadband. Although always ready to enrol his name in support of legitimate causes, Dickens recognized that too often organized philanthropy was only incidentally occupied with its professed goals. The fashionable sponsorship of charitable enterprises calls forth from Boffin a memorable tirade; and the type of professional "do-gooder" is scathingly anatomized in Bleak House. The rapaciously benevolent Mrs. Pardiggle, forcing her Puseyite tracts on the bricklayer and his family, is as little mindful of their true needs as Mrs. Jellyby, immersed in schemes for the colonization of Borioboola-Gha, is attentive to her domestic duties.
Dickens shared the belief of all leading Victorian reformers that more and better education was requisite if the lower classes were to be helped to better [41/42] their condition; but he also perceived that the delegated authorities used educational reform as an excuse for regimenting the minds of pupils, indoctrinating them with class prejudice and instilling an uncritical acceptance of debased values. Along with those like Paul Dombey and David Copperfield who suffer under outmoded methods of instruction, he created a gallery of youths spoiled by more progressive schooling. Included in this category are Rob the Grinder, Uriah Heep, Bitzer and Tom Gradgrind, and Charley Hexam. The descriptions of the teaching in Gradgrind's school and in the Ragged School which young Hexam attended are object lessons in how young minds are sacrificed to the application of pet theories.
Sometimes Dickens' heart leads him astray, and he presents a misleading view of the institution he is satirizing. Forster truthfully observed that "he had not made politics at any time a study, and they were always an instinct with him rather than a science." A case in point is the novelist's persistent failure to do justice to the programs for reform supported by the Philosophic Radicals. The Benthamites' dislike of administrative inefficiency and their passion for systematizing obscured his eyes to the deeply humanitarianism which prompted the efforts of these thinkers to ameliorate existing evils. Thus, the sympathy aroused for Oliver Twist's hard lot in a badly run workhouse makes no allowance for the fact that the Poor Law of 1834 was enacted to do away with the much greater hardships of outdoor relief. By the same token, the reader of Hard Times can hardly be expected to infer that the parliamentary blue books on Gradgrind's shelves contain the reports of responsible and public-spirited governmental committees created to investigate the insufferable living and working conditions of the industrial populace.[42/43] Dickens was always generous in giving credit to social agencies whose benefactions he had observed. He ardently supported the great work of Shaftesbury and Chadwick on the General Board of Health. It has been pointed out that his legal satire does not extend to the bench, although it includes unpaid magistrates like Fang in Oliver Twist, modeled on a notorious original. In the slumworker, Frank Milyey of Our Mutual Friend, and the jolly muscular Christian Canon Crisparkle in The Mystery of Edwin Drood, Dickens presented types of churchmen unselfishly devoted to their clerical duties. From first-hand experience the novelist admired the even-handed maintenance of law and order by the Metropolitan Police; and an Inspector Field of the Detective Department was the model for the admirable Bucket in Bleak House, generally accounted the first sleuth in English fiction. The setting for Johnny's death in Our Mutual Friend was based on the Hospital for Sick Children in Great Ormond Street. In 1858 Dickens was the principal speaker at a banquet which raised �3000 for this foundation.
The accusation is often lodged that Dickens social criticism, for all its cogency, is largely negative in tendency. The Utilitarian Harriet Martineau was among the first to take the novelist to task for the absence of constructive proposals in his writings, even while she granted their immense prestige. In her History of the Thirty Years' Peace she wrote:
It is scarcely conceivable that anyone should, in our age of the world, exert a stronger social influence than Mr. Dickens has in his power. His sympathies are on the side of the suffering and the frail; and this makes him the idol of those who suffer, from whatever cause. We may wish that he had a sounder social philosophy, and that he could suggest a loftier moral to sufferers....[43/44]
In rebuttal one can argue that through legislative and other means the Victorian age amended the worst offenses to which Dickens was among the first to draw attention, and that his writings demonstrably contributed to this betterment. Nevertheless, the charge is not really relevant, since it derives from a misapprehension both of Dickens' habit of mind and of his artistic purposes.
At no time did Dickens espouse any narrowly doctrinaire position, and all attempts to associate him with a school of political philosophy, whether Benthamite, Socialist, or Marxist, seriously distort his message. The London Times was nearer the mark in calling him "pre-eminently a writer of the people and for the people . . . the 'Great Commoner' of English fiction." Like Cobbett in the preceding and Carlyle and Ruskin in his own generation, his iconoclasm is of a peculiarly British stamp, an emotional blend of traditional and revolutionary elements without regard for intellectual consistency. In the term which he often used of himself, Dickens is perhaps best described as a "radical." Humphry House, who noted that this designation was still vaguely defined in the novelist's time, suggests that "by so often arrogating it to himself he helped to extend its application to cover almost any person whose sympathies, whenever occasion offered, were with the under-dog." House's opinion receives confirmation from Anthony Trollope's statement: "If any man ever was so, he was a radical at heart, believing entirely in the people, writing for them, speaking for them...." Radicalism so interpreted sets the proper context for Dickens' frequently misunderstood summary of his political faith, uttered in the year before he died to the Birmingham and Midland Institute: "My faith in the people governing [44/45] is, on the whole, infinitesimal; my faith in the People governed is, on the whole, illimitable."
As a novelist, Dickens' concern was with characters, not principles. This is simply to say that he did not think of himself as a practical reformer, responsible for advocating specific measures to eliminate the evils he deplored, but rather as a moralist whose mission was to lay bare the origins of those evils in prevalent attitudes of heart and mind. As early as 1838 a writer in the Edinburgh Review correctly identified the purport of Dickens' teaching:
One of the qualities we most admire in him is his comprehensive spirit of humanity. The tendency of his writings is to make us practically benevolent — to excite our sympathy in behalf of the aggrieved and suffering in all classes; and especially in those who are most removed from observation.... His humanity is plain, practical, and manly. It is quite untainted with sentimentality.
Through his fiction Dickens aimed at arousing the conscience of his age. To his success in doing so, a Nonconformist preacher paid the following tribute: "There have been at work among us three great social agencies: the London City Mission; the novels of Mr. Dickens; the cholera."
The moral purpose which sustains Dickens' work from beginning to end is voiced by Marley's ghost in "A Christmas Carol." In response to Scrooge's assertion that he was "always a good man of business," the ghost cries: "Business! . . . Mankind was my business. The common welfare was my business; charity, mercy, forbearance, and benevolence, were, all, my business. The dealings of my trade were but a drop of water in the comprehensive ocean of my business!" The Dickensian ideal of community spirit is perhaps most appealingly [45/46] embodied in the Christmas festivities at Dingley Dell, or in the humbler celebration of the same holiday by the Cratchit family. Such scenes led the French critic Cazamian to attribute to the author what he called "la philosophie de Noel," suggestive of a hearty but vague social altruism. In the early novels this doctrine is promulgated by a series of Santa Claus figures: Pickwick himself, Brownlow, the Cheeryble brothers, Garland, and old Martin Chuzzlewit. Gissing bitingly characterized these stories as presenting a "world of eccentric benevolence," in which the author's "saviour of society was a man of heavy purse and large heart, who did the utmost possible good in his own particular sphere."
Apart from the ministrations of such benign dei ex machina, however, Dickens looked primarily to the lower classes for evidences of that sense of kinship which represents his social ideal. In The Old Curiosity Shop he writes: ". . . if ever household affections and loves are graceful things, they are graceful in the poor. The ties that bind the wealthy and the proud to home may be forged on earth, but those which link the poor man to his humble hearth are of the truer metal and bear the stamp of Heaven." Throughout the novels there occur scenes of shared family life among the lowly and unpretending which mordantly reflect on the divisive effects of wealth and social station. Such little refuges of domestic harmony in their respective stories include the homes of the Toodles in Dombey and Son, the Peggottys in David Copperfield, and the Plornishes in Little Dorrit. But for Dickens the instinctual sympathies uniting the poor transcend the bonds of blood, and never manifest themselves more strongly than in times of hardship and distress, again in contrast to the selfish behavior of members of the privileged classes in like situations. Addressing the Metropolitan [46/47] Sanitary Association in 1850, Dickens said: "No one who had any experience of the poor could fail to be deeply affected by their patience, by their sympathy with one another, and by the beautiful alacrity with which they helped each other in toil, in the day of suffering, and at the hour of death." One recalls the devotion of Liz and Jenny, the brickmakers' wives in Bleak House, or the way the hands in Hard Times turn out to help rescue Stephen Blackpool from the mineshaft. Of the disreputable circus performers in the same novel, Dickens writes: "Yet there was a remarkable gentleness and childishness about these people, a special inaptitude for any kind of sharp practice, and an untiring readiness to help and pity one another.. . ."
The satiric intent which so uniformly underlies Dickens' social criticism, however, tends to put what he was against in bolder relief than what he was for. Whether manifested in political and economic terms as the "cash-nexus" of laissez-faire capitalism, or in religious terms as the smug self-righteousness of the Protestant ethos, or in social terms as ostentatious class snobbery, the temper of the age is subsumed for Dickens under the one all-pervasive vice of egoism. To Forster the novelist wrote of his despair for the future of a people enslaved to the doctrine of "everybody for himself and nobody for the rest." He displays this habit of mind in all its meanness in the parody of Utilitarian ethics by means of which Fagin brings Noah Claypole to heel. To avoid the gallows, says the Jew to his creature:
you depend upon me. To keep my little business all snug I depend upon you. The first is your number one, the second my number one. The more you value your number one, the more careful you must be of mine; so we come at last to what I told you at first — that a regard for number [47/48] one holds us all together, and must do so, unless we would all go to pieces in company.
Selfishness, which provides the organizing theme of Martin Chuzzlewit, conditions the behavior of other characters as formidable in their capacity to inflict unhappiness on their dependents as Bounderby, Mrs. Clennam, and Podsnap. All of Dickens' real villains are ruthlessly bent on their own interests. None represents the type better than the sinister Blandois of Little Dorrit, who cynically invokes the way of the world to justify his scheming. Asked by Clennam whether he sells all his friends, he answers: "I sell anything that commands a price. How do your lawyers live, your politicians, your intriguers, your men of the Ex- change? . . . Effectively, sir, Society sells itself and sells me: and I sell Society."
In Dickens' presentation this dog-eat-dog philosophy has extinguished the very principle of communal concern, leaving the weak perpetually at the mercy of the strong. Oliver Twist's words, while he is being led to Sowerberry's undertaking establishment, so poignantly dramatize the helplessness of the unprotected that even Bumble is momentarily abashed: "I will be good indeed; indeed, indeed I will, sir! I am a very little boy, sir; and it is so so — . . . So lonely, sir! So very lonely!" The novelist habitually chooses children and distressed members of the working class to awaken moral outrage soon visited by society on its defenseless members. And this oppression is most destructive of human dignity when it assumes an institutional form; for then it operates with complete impersonality, treating its victims like soulless objects. Thus, Jo, the crossing-sweeper of Bleak House, is always being "moved on" by authorities who do not know what to do with him, [48/49] except when he is being treated as a pawn for self-interested ends which are unintelligible to him. He is used by Tulkinghorn, by Chadband, by Lady Dedlock, by Bucket, by Skimpole. In the same way Stephen Blackpool in Hard Times, having successively served his purpose as a butt for the labor-agitator Slackbridge and for his employer Bounderby, is cast off by both to become Tom Gradgrind's tool. Stephen's dying prayer "that aw th' world may on'y coom toogether more, an' get a better unnerstan'in o' one another," is, under the circumstances, a charitable arraignment of the appalling inhumanity under which so many individuals suffer in Dickens' novels. From the disintegration of all traditions making for social cohesiveness in an age so given over to self-aggrandizement not even the family is immune. Dickens' portraits of hard-hearted parents, it has been suggested, are a reflection of his own bitterness against his father and mother for abandoning him during a crucial period in his boyhood. However this may be, the neglected children in his novels are perhaps less to be pitied than those who are callously exploited to further their parents' own selfish ends. Among those who traffic in the love of sons and daughters, sometimes but by no means always under the pretext of altruism, are Mr. Dombey and Mrs. Skewton in Dombey and Son, Turveydrop, Mrs. Jellyby, and Skimpole in Bleak House, Gradgrind in Hard Times, William Dorrit in Little Dorrit, and Gaffer Hexam and Mr. Dolls in Our Mutual Friend.
The hardships afflicting so large a part of the populace in the Victorian era produced, in reaction, an extensive and eloquent body of social criticism. Dickens' denunciation of filth and ignorance, as well as of the lack of responsible attention to those conditions and the degradation resulting therefrom, adds [49/50] nothing substantially to the preachments of Carlyle and Ruskin, and the other great reformers who were his contemporaries. Furthermore, the reader in search of factual information about conditions in the slums and factories will find fuller documentation in the work of novelists who wrote with a more obtrusively didactic purpose. As tracts for the times Disraeli's Sybil, Kingsley's Alton Locke, and Mrs. Gaskell's Mary Barton and North and South possess greater sociological value than Dickens' novels. Yet, these novels achieve an imaginative amplitude absent from more programmatically realistic treatments of the contemporary scene. For at the heart of Dickens' endeavor lay the profound conviction that man does not live by bread alone, that physical well-being is not enough if unilluminated by the vision of higher things. A piece in Household Words, entitled "The Amusements of the People," and written at the time of the Great Exhibition, summarizes the author's belief: "There is a range of imagination in most of us, which no amount of steam-engines will satisfy, and which The-great-exhibition-of-the-works-of-industry-of-all-nations, itself, will probably leave unappeased." He wrote in Hard Times:
The poor you will have always with you. Cultivate in them, while there is yet time, the utmost graces of the fancies and affections, to adorn their lives so much in need of adornment; or, in the day of your triumph, when romance is utterly driven out of their souls, and they and a bare existence stand face to face, Reality will take a wolfish turn, and make an end of you. [Dickens, of course, reserved his most forthright pronouncements on existing evils for his speeches and the pages of Household Words and All the Year Round.]
In contrast to other Victorian novels with a sense of the social pressure [50/51] of environment on the inner, as well as the outer, lives of the characters. The reader learns not only what life was like in the world portrayed, but how it really felt to have to live in such a world. Especially in the later stories, the moral atmosphere is polarized by at one extreme the hopeless despair of the lower classes, and at the other the hard-hearted complacency regnant throughout the middle class. The two tempers of mind combine to create an impression of joyless apathy, indicative of that paralysis of the social will which for Dickens seemed increasingly to be the true mal de siècle.
A scene from "The Chimes," the Christmas story for 1844, illustrates in brief Dickens' sense of how the theories of the political economists reduced human nature to a bloodless abstraction. This is the passage in which the Malthusian statistician converts to feelings of guilt Trotty Veck's innocent pleasure in his luncheon of tripe. Later in the same tale Fern speaks for the author in voicing the workingman's plea for social justice; and it is noteworthy that he does not stop with the need for better living conditions, but goes on to lay the blame for class antagonism to the systematic neglect or abuse by those in authority of all ties promoting community of interest. Dickens was making much the same point ten years later when, after a visit to the strike-bound town of Preston in preparation for writing Hard Times, he declared in Household Words that "political economy is a mere skeleton unless it has a little human covering and filling out, a little human bloom upon it, and a little human warmth in it."
On much the same grounds Dickens scorned the sectarian spirit in religion. In summarizing the articles of his own simple faith, he wrote to a clergyman on Christmas Eve 1856:
[51/52] There cannot be many men, I believe, who have a more humble veneration for the New Testament, or a more profound conviction of its all-sufficiency, than I have. If I am ever . . . mistaken on this subject, it is because I discountenance all obtrusive professions of and trading in religion, as one of the main causes why real Christianity has been retarded in this world; and because my observation of life induces me to hold in unspeakable dread and horror, those unseemly squabbles about the letter which drive the spirit out of hundreds of thousands.
The failure of religion to redeem the age from materialism Dickens laid especially to the inherence in the middle class of that sour Puritanical strain which equates salvation with worldly prosperity. Cheerless itself, it was bent on suppressing the instinct for joy in others. The type is most memorably presented in the guilt-ridden and life-denying Mrs. Clennam of Little Dorrit. Arthur Clennam places her among those whose "religion was a gloomy sacrifice of tastes and sympathies that were never their own, offered up as a part of a bargain for the security of their possessions. Austere faces, inexorable discipline, penance in this world and terror in the next�nothing graceful or gentle anywhere...." For Dickens the dismal gloom of Sundays in London epitomized all that was most forbidding in the religious temper of Victorian England. As far back as 1830 he had written under the pseudonym of Timothy Sparks a fervid pamphlet entitled "Sunday under Three Heads: As it is; As Sabbath Bills would make it; As it might be." The immediate occasion for this diatribe was Sir Andrew Agnew's Sunday Observance Bill, which the writer regarded as a conspiratorial measure on the part of the governing classes to deprive the populace of its one day in the week of carefree pleasure.
Despite his advocacy of mass education, Dickens found that too many systems of education, whether [52/53] sponsored by the state or the church, operated on the same killjoy principles. At a dinner for the Warehousemen and Clerks' Schools in 1857 he denounced all schools
where the bright childish imagination is utterly discouraged, and where those bright childish faces, which it is so very good for the wisest among us to remember in after life, when the world is too much with us early and late, are gloomily and grimly scared out of countenance; where I have never seen among the pupils, whether boys or girls, anything but little parrots and small calculating machines.
In another address the following year he developed his educational ideals with reference to Christ's manner of teaching: "Knowledge has a very limited power when it informs the head only; but when it informs the heart as well, it has a power over life and death, and body and the soul, and dominates the universe." Doubtless with the rewards of his own early reading in mind, the novelist insisted especially on the importance of nurturing the instinct for wonder in the young. Beginning with "The Mudfog Papers," which appeared in Bentley's Miscellany (1837-1838), he persistently satirized the Utilitarian doctrinaires who neglected the fancy in their insistence on the acquisition of factual information. His most masterful treatment of this theme occurs, of course, in Hard Times. The textbook definition of the horse which enables Bitzer to show up Sissy Jupe makes no provision for the dancing circus animal that foils his pursuit of Tom Gradgrind. And in the face of the havoc wrought by his educational theories, Mr. Gradgrind is brought humbly to acknowledge the supremacy of Sissy's impulsive wisdom of the heart. Sleary's account of the devotion exhibited by Mr. Jupe's performing dog stands as the [54/55] final comment on Dickens' meaning. "It theemth," the circus-master says to Gradgrind
to prethent two thingth to a perthon, don't it, Thquire? . . . one, that there ith a love in the world, not all Thelf-interetht after all, but thomething very different; t'other, that it hath a way of ith own of calculating or not calculating, whith thomehow or another ith at leatht ath hard to give a name to, ath the wayth of the dogth ith!
The preliminary notice to Household Words set forth the goals which Dickens hoped to realize in his weekly:
No mere utilitarian spirit, no iron binding of the mind to grim realities, will give a harsh tone to our Household Words. In the bosoms of the young and old, of the well-to-do and of the poor, we would tenderly cherish that light of Fancy which is inherent in the human breast; which, according to its nurture, burns with an inspiring flame, or sinks into a sullen glare, but which (or woe betide that day!) can never be extinguished. To show to all, that in all familiar things, even in those which are repellent on the surface, there is Romance enough, if we will find it out: — to teach the hardest workers at this whirling wheel of toil, that their lot is not necessarily a moody, brutal fact, excluded from the sympathies and graces of imagination; to bring the greater and the lesser together, upon that wide field, and mutually dispose them to a better acquaintance and kinder understanding -- is one main object of our Household Words.
The same controlling purpose carried over to All the Year Round, in which the editor announced that he would continue to strive for "That fusion of the graces of the imagination with the realities of life, which is vital to the welfare of any community...." A like intent was to the fore in Dickens' fiction. The Preface to Bleak House states that in this story he had "purposely dwelt on the romantic side of familiar [54/55] things." Any estimate, therefore, of the significance of Dickens' novels as social commentary on their age must take into account the author's concept of his dual function as critic and entertainer.
As he clarified his social vision, Dickens at the same time discovered more imaginative means of projecting that vision. Although the discussion of the formal aspects of his achievement properly belongs to the later chapters of this volume, some indications may here be given of how the writer combined extraordinary astuteness in his response to the life of the age with the ability to transmute his observations into themes of enduring relevance. As a result, his work surmounts the limitations of both the roman social and the naturalistic novel: the one confined to topicality by its didactic purpose, the other overly literal in its striving for verisimilitude.
Of Dickens' novels, Bleak House, Hard Times, Little Dorrit, and Our Mutual Friend are the richest in reference for the student of Victorian life. Scholars have demonstrated the historical accuracy of most of the situations in these stories, whether it be the spreading pestilence of Bleak House, the labor unrest in Hard Times, or the financial panic in Little Dorrit. Yet, the author has so generalized his treatment of contemporary phenomena that they transcend their localized settings. Bleak House came out at a time when a series of ministerial crises was underscoring the want of responsible leadership in England; but it is not necessary to have these facts in mind to recognize in the goings on at Chesney Wold a timeless satire on political patronage and the spoils system. Similarly, although the Circumlocution Office in Little Dorrit was immediately inspired by the revelation of flagrant mismanagement on the part of all departments entrusted with the conduct of the Crimean War, Dickens' indictment of [55/56] bureaucratic red tape and muddleheaded officialdom has lost none of its cogency.
The novelist's success in harnessing reforming zeal to artistic ends is perhaps most apparent in his development of associative images. The fog which shrouds the opening of Bleak House by metaphoric expansion embraces the murky procedures of Chancery. In the same way Old Harmon's dust-mounds in Our Mutual Friend, real enough as a feature of the city landscape, emblematically represent the whole sordid, money-grubbing basis of capitalist economy. In contrast to the baldly factual accounts of tenement and factory conditions provided by other novels of the period, Dickens' method in Hard Times is impressionistic. The description of Coketown does not insist on the unguarded machinery in the mills or the open sewers under the dwellings, but rather, evokes the deadening monotony which was the truly brutalizing element in the lives of the workers. It is doubtful, however, whether any amount of naturalistic reportage could impart so indelible a sense of the blighting effect of the machine age on the human spirit as the fanciful breadth of the following description:
It was a town of red brick, or of brick that would have been red if the smoke and ashes had allowed it; but as matters stood it was a town of unnatural red and black like the painted face of a savage. It was a town of machinery and tall chimneys, out of which interminable serpents of smoke trailed themselves for ever and ever, and never got uncoiled. It had a black canal in it, and a river that ran purple with ill-smelling dye, and vast piles of building full of windows where there was a rattling and trembling all day long, and where the piston of the steam-engine worked monotonously up and down, like the head of an elephant in a state of melancholy madness. It contained several large streets all very like one another. and many small streets still more like one another, inhabited [56/57] by people equally like one another, who all went out at the same hours, with the same sound upon the same pavements, to do the same work, and to whom every day was the same as yesterday and to-morrow, and every year the counterpart of the last and the next.
Last modified 4 November 2011 | <urn:uuid:866dd871-fcbd-4f78-bd05-3ca690258209> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.victorianweb.org/victorian/authors/dickens/edh/2.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00467.warc.gz | en | 0.964802 | 9,948 | 1.859375 | 2 |
Why Engines for Trucks Are Diesel? - Vol.57
In today's world, fuel prices are increasing day by day. Diminishing supply and spiraling demand for the fuel is resulting into higher prices of fuels. So, it is essential to seek for various methods to save fuel. Obviously one needs to choose a cost effective fuel to meet needs. We should be thankful to Rudolph Diesel for his invention of diesel engine. Due to his invention, many car and truck drivers are enjoying the benefits of extremely efficient and cost effective engines.
Diesel engines are commonly utilized as power generators and mechanical engines. They contribute well in mobile drives as well. In addition to this, this highly efficient engines find its wide spread use in countless industrial applications, locomotives, automobiles and construction equipments.
As compared to gasoline, diesel fuel is priced relatively higher; however, diesel has a higher energy density. In other words, more energy can be extracted from diesel than gasoline. So, diesel engines in trucks offer higher mileage. Diesel fuel is an apparent choice for heavy-duty equipments and transportation. Diesel is oilier as well as heavier as compared to gasoline. Further, it has a higher boiling point than water. In addition to this, diesel engines are highly effective and efficient. That is why diesel truck engines are gaining great popularity.
To understand it correctly, it is essential to know how a Diesel Engine works.
The distinction lies in the type of ignition. To ignite fuel, Gasoline ignition makes use of spark ignition whereas diesel engines operate on compression - ignition technique. In the diesel engines, air is drawn into the engine where it is subjected to high compression which heats it up. Due to this, engine attains a very high temperature which is very higher as compared the temperature obtained in a gasoline engine. Diesel enters in the engine at this peak temperature and pressure.
In a gas engine a mixture of gas and air is introduced in the engine. On the other hand, in a diesel engine, fuel and air are infused in the engine at different stages. For injecting fuel, a separate injector is used in a diesel engine whereas a carburetor serves the purpose in gasoline engines. As fuel and air are infused into the engine together, and compressed afterwards, the fuel and air mixture restricts fuel compression. Thus, it lowers the overall efficiency. In a diesel engine, only air is compressed at comparatively higher ratio of 14:1 up to 25:1. The combustion by-products are eliminated from the engine by means of the exhaust after combustion.
Benefits of a Diesel Engine -
Modern diesel engines have defeated all drawbacks of former models with higher maintenance costs and noise.
· Diesel engines are more reliable and rugged.
· Fuel cost per Kilowatt generated is 30% - 50% lower as compared to gas engines.
· As gas units burn hotter than diesel units, they have an extensively shorter life than diesel units.
· Diesel engines offer easier maintenance, better fuel economy, and more torque. In terms of miles per gallon and performance for trucks, diesel engine is the leader over gas engines.
· The cost for diesel is slightly cheaper than that of the gas these days. With gas costs on the rise nowadays, diesel will persist on to be preferred choice for years to come.
It is clear that diesel engines are the best options for trucks. A well-maintained diesel truck engine will give the best performance in its long run. It will make you enjoy the great benefits in terms of performance and efficiency without making a big hole to your pocket. Get ready to enjoy great benefits of these diesel engines for your truck now! | <urn:uuid:87a63973-aab0-4a17-8235-52b443bf3079> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.picknbuy24.com/column_57.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280900.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00000-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959907 | 741 | 2.9375 | 3 |
By Arthur Zaczkiewicz
As you may have read, a recent study revealed that open space in the nearby Shawangunks — Minnewaska, Sam’s Point and Mohonk preserves — feeds over $12 million to the local economy each year. The money comes from the 392,000 or so annual visitors to these areas. This spotlights an important trend: open space has value.
For us here in the Kingston area, we may be best served by taking stock of our open space and opportunities for people to recreate in it. At first glance, there are two major assets in and near Kingston that could be promoted, namely the Catskills and the Hudson River.
For the Catskills, Kingston can tout itself as a gateway to this massive forest preserve where tourists can hike, bike, fish, hunt, birdwatch, ski, and commune with nature in a stunning setting. Small, elegant signage near the Thruway could direct daytrippers to outdoor recreation supply stores such as Potter Brothers and Kenco. Once there, they could peruse large display maps of recreational destinations within the area such as Onteora Lake, the Ashokan Reservior and the Esopus.
Other signage could direct hungry recreationists to eateries in Uptown Kingston. The idea would be for recreational tourists to start and end their trips to the region in Kingston.
Regarding the Hudson River, we need to consider this a vital open space that can be enjoyed by boaters, kayakers and fisherpeople as well as nature observers. Again, a thoughtful marketing strategy is needed. This would include signage directing tourists to the Rondout and Hudson — including key recreation points. Marketing of retail services in the Rondout would also be included.
Perhaps a map could be created that visually connects Kingston retail businesses that serve active tourists to recreation points. This would be a worthwhile project for the city and its business associations to pursue. And to make it successful, the marketing campaign would need to reach the tourists where they live, such as NYC, Westchester, Rockland and Long Island. | <urn:uuid:d4370e3f-4083-472e-82ff-1a534d9038cc> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.kingstoncitizens.org/2010/06/30/the-economic-power-of-open-space/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283301.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00506-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957093 | 428 | 1.789063 | 2 |
The Internet is full of grumbling this morning over the news that Comcast plans to buy Time Warner Cable—a deal that would combine the the nation's two largest cable providers, both of which are already loathed for their villainously awful customer service, into one big ole' leviathan controlling just less than 30 percent of the pay-television industry.
So you may be wondering, is there any chance the federal government will step in to stop this union?
Any merger this huge is going to earn scrutiny from Washington regulators. And since this deal involves the telecom industry, it will have to make it past two hurdles. The Justice Department and Federal Trade Commission will need to decide whether the corporate marriage passes muster on antitrust grounds, while the Federal Communications Commission will get to weigh in on whether it's in the "public interest."
Comcast, for its part, argues the deal won't harm consumers because, gigantic as it and Time Warner Cable already are, the two don't actually compete for customers in any local markets, as shown in this handy GIF from Quartz.
That's one reason to believe that antitrust concerns won't scuttle this merger, even though it would further consolidate the cable industry nationally.* As for the "public interest" angle, Comcast has released a fact sheet that more or less says it currently offers better service than Time Warner Cable, such as faster Internet, so its new customers will really be getting an upgrade.
But that might not be the end of the story. Back in November, when whispers about a potential Comcast-Time Warner Cable union first started, a knowledgable former U.S. official told the Wall Street Journal that regulators might worry that the merged companies would have too much power over content providers. With so much of the national television and broadband market locked up, a super-sized Comcast would have vastly more power to bargain with companies like Netflix or ESPN.
“The FCC would be concerned that Comcast would have de facto control over what content would be available on television,” industry analyst Craig Moffet told Bloomberg. “If a TV programmer couldn’t cut a deal with Comcast, they wouldn’t exist. Comcast becomes a behemoth.”
Those sorts of concerns might not stop the deal in its tracks. Rather, the government could approve it with conditions designed to keep Comcast in check and competition alive, much the way it did when it approved its purchase of NBC Universal, or when the Justice Department approved the recent merger of American Airlines and U.S. Airways.
Would those conditions amount to much? It's hard to say. But it's probably a little early for reactions like this.
Here's my cartoon on Comcast and Time Warner and now I'm going to have a drink pic.twitter.com/qnoJKArXpJ— Panoptisuz (@susie_c) February 13, 2014
*Over at New York, Kevin Roose argues that AT&T and T-Mobile made a similar argument to no avail in 2011 before the government challenged their proposed merger in court. I'm not so sure the situations are analogous. When the Justice Department filed suit, it showed that the two wireless providers actually compete head-to-head in at least 97 the country's top 100 markets, containing over half the U.S. population. Meanwhile, Comcast EVP David Cohen told reporters on a conference call today: "This is simply not a horizontal merger. We do not compete in a single market in America." | <urn:uuid:fe557614-e8f1-4d46-b377-afd8fd5775be> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2014/02/can-the-government-block-the-comcast-time-warner-cable-merger/283818/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279650.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00436-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956634 | 718 | 1.9375 | 2 |
The Bhikkhus Rules
A Guide for Laypeople
The Buddha allowed several ways of showing respect to others for the beauty and good of the community (of both monks and lay people). These include:
vandanaa — bowing or showing reverence with the five points, i.e., the forehead, two forearms, and the two knees
Vandanaa Thai style.
Note that the male and female movements start and finish slightly differently.
u.t.thaana — standing up to welcome
anjalii — joining the palms together in respect
saamiicikamma, any other ways of showing respect that are beautiful and good. (See EV,II,p.78)
Another ancient way of showing respect is circumambulation or walking around the object of veneration three times in a clockwise direction — so that ones right shoulder is towards, for example, the cetiya, bodhi tree or pagoda.
In many parts of Asia it is considered extremely rude to point ones feet at anyone or any religious object [see End Note 122]. An example, is found in the Confession Rule 51 (Paac. 51) where a highly gifted bhikkhu is made drunk and in his stupor turns and points his feet at the Buddha.
Bhikkhus use these ways of etiquette to show respect to those who have been bhikkhus for longer than themselves, irrespective of their actual age. A younger bhikkhu may call another bhikkhu, "Bhante," ("Venerable Sir" or "Reverend Sir"), and, similarly, a lay person may use this as a general form of address to bhikkhus. Each country will have its own way of addressing older, more senior bhikkhus appropriate to their age and experience. (See below.)
"...there is the custom of bowing to the shrine or teacher. This is done when first entering their presence or when taking leave. Done gracefully at the appropriate time, this is a beautiful gesture that honors the person who does it; at an inappropriate time, done compulsively, it appears foolish. Another common gesture of respect is to place the hands so that the palms are touching, the fingers pointing upwards, and the hands held immediately in front of the chest. The gesture of raising the hands to the slightly lowered forehead is called anjalii. This is a pleasant means of greeting, bidding farewell, saluting the end of a Dhamma talk, concluding an offering." (from: A Lay Buddhists Guide to the Monks Code of Conduct)
"To bow correctly, bring the forehead all the way to the floor; have elbows near the knees which should be about three inches apart. Bow slowly, being mindful of the body. As nearly as possible, the buttocks should be kept on the heels,... (from: Advice for Guests at Bodhinyanarama Monastery)2.
In NE Thailand, the people will more often squat down to welcome with respect.3.
The cetiya (or stupa, chedi, sometimes pagoda) is one of the most ancient objects used as a focus of recollection and devotion towards the Lord Buddha. Buddha ruupas (statues of the Buddha) came later through, probably, Bactrian Greek influence. Thus there are several traditions and practices:
"It is a tradition of bhikkhus that whoever enters the area around a cetiya, which is a place for the recollection of the Master, should behave in a respectful manner, neither opening his umbrella nor putting on sandals nor wearing the [robe] covering both shoulders. They should not speak loudly there or sit with their legs spread apart with their feet pointing (at the cetiya), thus not showing respect for that place. They must not stool or urinate, spit upon the terraces of the cetiya (or) before an image of the Exalted Buddha, their good behavior thus showing respect for the Master." (EV,II,p.82)
Sanskrit renditions of the Paa.timokkha Rule contain extra Sekhiya Training rules often concerned with ways of showing respect. For example, Rules 60 to 85 are all concerned with Buddha Stupas:
Rule 63: "Not to wear leather shoes into a Buddha Stupa is a rule I will observe; Rule 77: Not to carry a Buddha image into a privy is a rule I will observe; Rule 84: Not to sit with my feet stuck out in front of a Buddha Stupa is a rule I will observe." (Shaikshas from the Pratimoksha Precepts)
Also one of the Sanskrit Sekhiya Rules (Muulasarvaastivaadin Saika) disallows "sitting on a seat stretching out the feet in a public place." (Buddhist Monastic Discipline p.99)5.
"In Asian society old age is highly respected. The Buddha adapted this tradition for the Sangha by recognizing seniority according to ones age in the Sangha counted from the day (and time) of receiving the Upasampada. This is of course simply a practical conventional hierarchy and not an absolute hierarchical structure. In the functioning of the Sangha this would be offset by the principle of consensus democracy where every bhikkhu, regardless of seniority, has a voice, and by the power of wisdom (not to be confused with conviction) exhibited by the more highly realized members." (HS ch.22)
"The theme of a hierarchy of respect first came up for serious consideration in regard to obtaining lodgings. One time the Buddha set out from Savatthi with a large following of bhikkhus. The bhikkhus who were pupils of the group of six bhikkhus went ahead and appropriated all the [lodgings] and sleeping places for their preceptors, teachers and for themselves. Venerable Sariputta, coming along behind, was unable to find a suitable lodging and sat down at the foot of a tree. The Buddha found him there and, finding the reason, asked the assembled bhikkhus:
Bhikkhus, who is worthy of the principle seat, the best water, the best alms food?"Some bhikkhus said that one gone forth from a noble family was most worthy of these things; some said one gone forth from a brahmana family... a merchant family... one versed in the suttas — a Vinaya expert... a teacher of Dhamma... one having the first jhana... the second... the third... the fourth jhana;... a stream enterer... a once returner... a non returner... an arahant... one with the Three fold Knowledge... one with the six Psychic Powers. The Buddha then related the story of a partridge, a monkey and a bull elephant who were friends and agreed to respect and heed the advice of the eldest. The Buddha concluded by saying:"Well then, bhikkhus, if breathing animals can live mutually respectful, deferential and courteous, so do you, bhikkhus, shine forth so that you, gone forth in this well taught Dhamma Vinaya, live likewise mutually respectful, deferential and courteous." (HS ch.22)
Article published on | <urn:uuid:0d696af1-e5cb-4bfa-9aac-7ba1ad933bc1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.wisdomlib.org/buddhism/book/the-bhikkhus-rules/d/doc1788.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279410.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00162-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.940458 | 1,526 | 2.9375 | 3 |
TMJ Disorders and Occlusal Guard:
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is the place where your jaw and skull meet. The sole purpose of this joint is to help you move your jaw allowing you to speak, eat, and even yawn. The special anatomy of this joint makes it vulnerable to many disorders. Please reach to us, if you have any of the following symptoms:
- Pain on the face and neck while moving your jaw.
- Severe discomfort when you open your mouth.
- Swelling on the sides of your face.
- An uncomfortable bite.
Our team will refer you to the Occlusal Guard. A plastic mouth guard is worn at night to prevent your teeth from clenching and grinding which worsens your TMJ disorders. | <urn:uuid:8f14f6ef-5c56-4cfe-b694-a8d32f0c2212> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://springfieldvadentalcare.com/service/tmj-disorders-and-occlusal-guard/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00666.warc.gz | en | 0.945976 | 161 | 2.1875 | 2 |
On Parade: Drum Major Edgar T. MacIntyre.
I was recently asked to review an excellent publication, On Parade: A Manual for Drum Majors Modified British Style for Highland Scottish Pipe Bands and Other Marching Bands by Drum Major Edgar T. MacIntyre.
The bound book measures 9 x 6 inches 238 pages. There are 29 plates, and 70 well executed illustrations by Tom Jones. Directions and good advice range from: basic drill movements individual and band, through commands, methods of teaching the band, all the various drills, marching, formations (more than you could think of), manual of the mace (basic positions, signals, walking, flourishing and much more. There is even a section on Pipe Majors' signals when no Drum Major on parade. Included also are sections on uniforms, accoutrements, instruments, and procedures for various ceremonies.
Sons and Daughters of Old ScotiaThe acknowledgements for this book starts with the following and sets the tone for the "spirit" of the publication. The book is a fine contribution to spreading the message for Scottish Arts
To Old Scotia's sons and daughter's, who have from the very beginning spread the Scottish aura to every distant land and clime. To our skirling pipes, and to the magical, even arrogant swing of our tartan kilts.
Staggering Content and IllustrationsThe detailed directions and helpful clear illustrations in this manual are immense, even staggering, and an excellent guide and reference for any experienced and budding Drum Majors that they should not be without.
About The Author and IllustratorEdgar MacIntyre for by being well experienced in North America has also drawn on the experience of others including Drum Major Roy Dear of the Black Watch (Royal Highlanders). In my estimation the drills etc., are as close as you can get to the Scottish regimental and civilian way as possible, allowing for tasteful flexibility.
Tom Jones Has been sketching for over 50 years. His art reflects an earthiness born of long experience at grass roots levels, skillfully illuminating the text with clarifying accuracy.
The original price in about the copyright date of 1995 was very reasonable, almost a steal. For enquiries contact Bill Jones at PiperWill@aol.com or email@example.com
Exit On Parade page and return to the Bagpiping Articles
Some Of The Chapter Tittle's Include ...
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> Copyright© 2004- All Rights Reserved | <urn:uuid:c37ff8cc-6638-4938-a5ee-a0f1a0467374> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.bagpipe-tutorials.com/on-parade.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280364.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00034-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.931161 | 527 | 1.703125 | 2 |
3rd tank, also with one foot of the volatile liquid remaining, was buried along eastern side of building
The old expression "bad things come in threes" certainly played out over the past week for a small business located at the highly visible intersection of Main/Triangle/Dickinson Street just below the Emily Dickinson Museum .
The first underground storage tank, resembling a large aerial bomb dropped from a B52, was bad enough considering it lay almost directly under the main entry immediately in front of the building.
Assistant Fire Chief Don McKay was instantly suspicious there would be a second due to a large connecting pipe visible on top of the tank, which sure enough proved accurate. The third tank alongside the building came as more of a surprise, kind of like the initial discovery.
The first gas pump appeared in Amherst in 1905 on the corner of Kellogg Avenue planted there by Melrose Paige. Probably installed properly, since Mr. Paige went on to become Amherst Fire Department Call Chief in 1911, and by 1925 he was Chair of the Amherst Select Board.
's office in May, 1914.
By the late 1930s Amherst hosted 24 "filling stations" and the citizens did not want a 25th. At a routine Monday night Select Board meeting in July of 1939, eighteen citizens turned out for a public hearing to protest a gas station permit for a proposed business (by a large oil company) on North Pleasant Street.
Their battle cry was a simple but inflammatory one: North Pleasant Street, the busiest commercial street in Amherst, should not become "gasoline alley".
The Select Board denied the permit.
The building on Main Street where the underground tanks were just discovered is located very near Classic Chevrolet, formerly Paige's Chevrolet, founded in 1883 -- the first auto service business in Amherst.
Patterson's Garage, Main Street Amherst circa 1940
Prior to becoming a pizza shop it was an entrenched location for auto service: Ledoyt's Garage shows up in 1923, two years later becoming Bilger's Garage, and in 1936 Main Street Garage. Between 1940-1950 the location was operated as Patterson's Garage and, finally, Dick's Auto Service operated by Dick Stedman.
Amherst Record ad 11/28/1963
A valve fitting found on one of the tanks was manufactured by the Evertite Corporation, a business established in 1935, indicating that Main Street Garage is probably responsible for the tanks -- although they could have gone in years earlier and were added to or replaced after 1935.
Now of course the explosive question: how many more large underground tanks, with gasoline still in them, remain buried and forgotten around town?
The tanks, measuring 5 feet in diameter and 16 feet long, were peeled open after a chemical solution poured in to neutralize explosive fumes, siphoned, and then replaced with an equal amount of concrete. Old gas was taken to a "waste burning facility" by New England Environmental, Inc so it did not completely go to, err, waste.
Board of Health regulations banning underground tanks in the aquifer recharge zones was a volatile issue in 1983, vociferously protested by local farmers, gas stations owners and others with underground tanks. Those who, according to then Board of Health Chair Davis Ross, "had a vested interest in not being regulated." | <urn:uuid:d70f6bc5-0f07-48a2-9873-a5328ac27861> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://onlyintherepublicofamherst.blogspot.com/2012_11_01_archive.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279224.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00482-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.973128 | 683 | 2.25 | 2 |
The Mobster Cemetery
Located in the town of Yekaterinburg in Russia, the mobster cemetery—Shirokorechenskoe Cemetery officially—is the home of thousands of ornate gravestones etched with the person buried and, often, their car.
The laser engraved granite puts a modern twist on what look like Mafiosos from 90s movies. The extravagant tombs are often shown full-bodied in sharp suits with cars, gold chains, food, and their girlfriends surrounding them.
Though the town of Yekaterinburg went through the same organized crime struggle of other Russian cities in the transition to free markets, the town has become somewhat infamous as the home of many of Russia’s most dangerous mob bosses and hitmen.
The Epitaphs are as equally strange as the artwork:
- “Expert at knife-throwing”
- “Possessed deadly fist-fighting skills”
- “He was only 29 when he died, but he already had a Toyota Celica!” | <urn:uuid:5882e05f-8aa4-4275-865d-3cb7e8aeb1ae> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ripleys.com/weird-news/mobster-cemetery/?utm_source=Ripley%27s+Believe+It+or+Not%21&utm_campaign=30d0bde3df-news17&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_226499d22b-30d0bde3df-292679233&mc_cid=30d0bde3df&mc_eid=19679f431e | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00075.warc.gz | en | 0.97033 | 226 | 1.515625 | 2 |
Understanding properties of continuous functions w/ intervals
I am working on a written (essay) assignment regarding the properties of continuous functions on a closed interval [a,b]. In my case, I chose to discuss this set of theorems, but I am having trouble understanding one in specific. Graphically I can follow it along. I believe I have a pretty good grasp on Theorem 1 (f(a) < 0 < f(b) means we must have an f(x) = 0), Theorems 4 and 5 (if f(a) < c < f(b), then we must have f(x) = c. Theorem 5 is the same but with f(a) > c > f(b)).
The theorem I am having trouble understanding has to do with what are called Theorem 10/11. Specifcally, I am looking at Theorem 11, which is an extension of theorem 10. Here is Theorem 10:
This is more the part I am having trouble understanding. From the graphical analysis, it seems like it's manipulating an interval (or choosing an interval) such that when we look for f(y) <= f(x), , that f(y) <= f(x) for the entire line, not just at a point (because there could be a function where y0 isn't necessarily the lowest point on the entire line, just on an interval) . Is that a correct way of describing what theorem 10 entails?
Now, here is theorem 11:
To me, Theorem 11 is saying something that I can graphically show easily, but am having trouble describing just in plain English. Seems just to show that up to a certain point, if we take the function of a number below a constant c, that we will be guaranteed to have a solution to the equation and if c < m, it fails.
Is there a better way to describe Theorem 10 and 11? As always, thanks again in advance, you guys are the best! | <urn:uuid:9698b5f9-a39b-4c84-9a7b-032c8cfb74e1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://mathhelpforum.com/calculus/159237-understanding-properties-continuous-functions-w-intervals-print.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280266.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00492-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.93928 | 416 | 2.875 | 3 |
“The human voice is the most beautiful instrument of all, but it is the most difficult to play.”
Teachers spend hours preparing learning materials. When this material is presented to students, we want to make sure students make a connection to the material and fully evaluate and consume the material. This means all students must have the opportunity to voice their opinions, perspectives, or ideas about the material. Even if class time is limited, the use of collaborative web tools and apps allows every student in class to contribute their thoughts, questions, and ideas extensively. Real-time online conversations that take place while you are teaching are possible through backchanneling.
Below is a list of free web tools your students can use to carry on a class discussion while you lecture, show a video, or present reading material. This allows you to share your ideas and points about the material and make sure your teacher talk time doesn’t limit your students’ opportunities to exchange ideas and opinions with each other about the material.
Online Class Discussion Tips
Online discussions with peers can be rich and meaningful, because everyone contributes and peers offer feedback to one another. However, online exchanges can also quickly go awry. Students may go off topic, be reluctant to post their opinions, not know how to disagree respectfully, or not have the vocabulary, grammar, or fluency to express themselves comfortably. The following tips will help ensure your online discussions are successful:
As a class establish norms and expectations. Let students know they will participate in an online discussion that is visible to you and peers. Ask them to come up with at least 10 good expectations for ensuring the discussion is successful. All students should feel that their opinions and values were heard and respected. You can compare their list to the expectations outlined in this document. Ask students if they would like to change their norms and expectations with ideas from the document.
Define consequences. Outline consequences if students go off topic, fail to participate, bully, disrespect others, or post something offensive. One consequence (with grade schoolers) should be that you will highlight the inappropriate behavior and send this to their parents. Students should be aware that what they post online is recorded and they will have to take responsibility for the consequences. This is also an important digital citizenship lesson.
Provide examples of how to contribute to the discussion. Show students examples of rich online discussions or do a practice round where you highlight meaningful exchanges or sharing. Let students know they should feel free to ask questions, contribute prior knowledge, share experiences related to the topic, express ideas, share links to articles, share why they agree or disagree and the reason behind their opinions.
Help students feel confident and safe expressing themselves. Don’t grade for grammar or spelling. Do encourage students to do their best. Allow them to use emojis or stickers when they can’t figure out the right word. Also, provide a list of useful phrases and vocabulary words before the chat for students to reference. You might also want to give them a few minutes before the chat to jot down ideas about the topic to share in the discussion. You might also want to provide sentence frames. Here is a PDF full of sentence and question starters to help students frame their ideas. You could print this out or create these as a class poster for students to reference.
Show students how to disagree/agree respectfully. Most students don’t understand how to debate or disagree respectfully. They might see an opinion and react emotionally or heatedly. Students aren’t often exposed to different ideas and may tell another peer they are wrong or cast judgment. We need to prepare our students to listen to opposing views and teach them how to consider them and come up with healthy responses and reactions that spur the conversation instead of stopping the discussion. Help students understand that they learn more from disagreement versus everyone contributing the same beliefs or ideas.
Collaborative Discussion Tools
Now that your students are prepared for their online discussion, introduce them to the web tool they will use. Show them how to register, log on, and create a username. If you are giving a participation grade then you might want to create usernames for your students. Also, introduce students to key features, such as how to specifically reply to someone, use any emojis or stickers, or how to highlight parts of the material and add notes. You might want to direct them to tutorials to learn more about the tool. The following are some web tools your students and you can use for meaningful online class discussions and collaboration.
Backchannel Chat is a very basic backchanneling tool designed with teachers in mind. Teacher scan control all aspects of the online discussion, such as removing messages, preventing posts, or managing the pace of the discussion to allow time for students to respond. You can provide students with a code to join the conversation.
With NowComment, anyone can see comments, but to add to the discussion students must register for a free account. Any sentence, paragraph, image, or video can have multiple conversations. The interface is very easy to use. Check out this detailed description about NowComment with screenshots in the Life Feast blog.
Hypothes.is and Genius
Hypothes.is and Genius are both tools that allow students to annotate any website as well as have a collaborative discussion. Students can highlight parts of the website, respond to peers, and vote up really great responses from peers. Both require registration and signing in.
Teachers register for a free LinoIt account and create a web wall where they can share pdfs, files, audio, video, images, and more! Teachers share the link to the wall with students who can choose between different colored sticky notes and add video, pdfs, links, and more. Students don’t have to register and can access the web wall on any device.
Padelt is also accessible on any device and similar to LinoIt with more features, but educators only get 3 padlets free. Teachers can upload videos, images, pdfs, audio clips, and more! Students only need the link to the web wall to contribute via text, sticky notes, chatting, liking, upvoting, and more. Students can share audio, images, files, links, and video.
Flipgrid is a video response tool designed for schools. Students contribute a short video response to the discussion you start with a video. Students will enjoy their selfie videos they can decorate with stickers. Registration is free and students can also contribute with a mobile device. Create a Grid (group), add your question or topic, and students contribute short video responses. You send students a code or link to make the discussion private. You can determine the length of the video, embed the videos, and download the videos. This is an example of children replying to the question, “What does a quality education mean to you?”
GoBubble is a social networking tool designed for schools that looks similar to Twitter and other messaging apps so students must sign up. Students can respond with images, stickers, or text. They can also upload videos. They can participate in groups, add friends, and more!
With Active Textbook, students can respond to each other in comment threads added to any text as well as highlight. Teachers can enrich the discussion by adding videos, songs, and images for students to also engage with. Check out this detailed description about Active Textbook with screenshots in the Life Feast blog.
With Google Docs students can sign in with their Google accounts or you can provide them a link where anyone is able to participate with no sign-in required. Students can highlight parts of any text and add comments on the side. Students can reply to specific comments by clicking on the comment box. You can add visuals, charts, links and more. Check out other GSuite tools that offer collaborative discussion and contribution to slide presentations, spreadsheets, and more!
Similar to Google Docs in that you can provide a link or invite others through email, OneNote looks more like a digital notebook with sections. You can add images, links, drawings, and more. Check out other Microsoft 360 tools that offer collaborative discussion and feedback to slides, spreadsheets, presentations, and more!
Voicethread is a multimedia discussion web tool and app that allows teachers to add slides or images to spark a discussion. Around the border of the slide, students contribute ideas through audio, video, text or doodling. Students can use avatars to protect their identities, but need to register.
What other tips or tools do you recommend for facilitating engaging class discussions?
If you want to read more tips for online resources for teaching English, then check out Shelly’s blog feed! | <urn:uuid:5d647ed5-1d37-4773-a92b-1c140b4ffc0f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ellii.com/blog/12-participation-tools | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.932257 | 1,848 | 4.21875 | 4 |
I’ve known groups that limited themselves in the boldness of their actions, even though to reach their goals they had to step it up. School closings, prison construction, tuition hikes, fracking, drone mania — this is only a sample of the causes today that cry out for stronger resistance.
One reason that groups restrain themselves is because “bolder” means that they could get in over their heads without the resources they need when the pressure grows. In this column I’ll share some examples of how some movements in the past have handled this problem; one of the models might work for a group you know.
The International Workers of the World — the IWW, or the “Wobblies” — showed one way to expand its forces when it needed to. The IWW was a radical, mostly anarchist movement that flourished in the early 20th-century United States and Canada. While its strategic goal was to organize large industrial unions, it did a lot of the early agitation work in smaller groups. Because the 1 percent considered the Wobblies a menace, the police of the day often arrested them.
The Wobblies turned repression into an opportunity — the legendary “free speech fights.” A Wobbly agitator would come to town and find a street corner where workers passed by. Standing on a soap box, the organizer spoke until he was arrested.
An arrest would be the signal for other Wobblies in the region to catch a freight train and ride to town to replace that brother or sister on the corner. More Wobblies came, and the initial incident swelled into a campaign. By the time the police figured out what had happened, the jail was full, and the workers were roused enough to form a union!
I was a part of Movement for a New Society, a radical network of action groups and alternative institutions in the 1970s and 1980s, which adopted a variant of this mutual-aid approach. The network agreed that one of the responsibilities of each collective would be to respond to another collective that “called crunch” — that is, got into a situation over its head where aid was needed.
For example, in 1972 a Movement for a New Society group led a campaign in a North Jersey military port town, Leonardo. The goal was to build anti-war sentiment by trying to stop arms shipments to U.S. armed forces in Vietnam. The group began by trying to stop the trains that brought the weapons to the military depot by sitting on the tracks.
The drama of the action induced many to join, and the group escalated by adding a naval component: People were urged to bring canoes and other small craft and go into the sea to try stopping the munitions ships from leaving port.
U.S. Marines joined local police in attacking our blockade tactics, so reinforcements were needed. The Movement for a New Society group leading the campaign “called crunch.”
I was a member of the Movement’s outreach collective in Philly, and our group promptly met to decide how to respond to the crunch call. The group agreed that I should volunteer, and in two days I was in a carload of MNS-ers from various collectives on our way up the New Jersey Turnpike to Leonardo.
We were quickly put to work by the MNS-ers there who weren’t in jail, and I soon found myself in a canoe with a new friend paddling furiously toward a munitions ship.
We were stopped before we got there; a police boat pulled us out of the way. In the courtroom the arresting officer testified emotionally about risking his own life to save us from our likely deaths in a collision with a ship already picking up speed. Although my canoe partner and I were sentenced to jail time, others replaced us and the blockade campaign continued for months, contributing to the growth of the anti-war movement. Some U.S. military personnel were even inspired to refuse continued participation in the war.
That scenario went smoothly because we were part of a network and had some level of trust for each other. I’m not imagining that a “crunch” mechanism can be negotiated among people who don’t have some reason to trust each other and who don’t believe in mutual aid. Actually, trying to organize a network of many groups at the outset might be a mistake. The more organic way would be to join one existing group to another in an agreement for mutual aid, then add a third and then a fourth, and so on.
Mutual aid can work, as many of us have seen firsthand. But becoming more intentional about it can help us increase our forces and our boldness.
The power grid
A power grid assumes that the flow of electricity needs to grow and diminish over time in its various parts; when more is needed in one place, energy flows from other parts to the place that needs it. For instance, Denmark generates more wind power than it needs during some parts of the year, and the same is true of Norway’s hydroelectric power. The two countries are connected in a grid, so the abundance can flow across borders where it needs to go.
The civil-rights organization SCLC, or Southern Christian Leadership Conference, operated that way in the 1960s, and its grid model might work well in many contexts today.
The SCLC, based in Atlanta, was best known for its leader, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., but I don’t think the model depends on a charismatic figure. A series of local action groups in the South became affiliates of SCLC, and they were expected to be developing campaigns that made sense in their local circumstances. If a local campaign escalated beyond the ability of people there to handle it — especially in terms of the level of violent repression — then national resources flowed to that campaign: mass media connections, relationships with institutional allies, the presence of Dr. King, money and organizers.
This model gave everyone a lot of strategic flexibility. It honored the local fights led by local people, and at the same time the model encouraged them to know they wouldn’t be alone if a fight got overwhelming. At the same time, the SCLC could pay attention to the national level of power — since power is organized nationally as well as locally — and partner with a local campaign strategically to bring a particular fight to national significance.
The classic (but not the only) example of this is told by Dr. King in his book Why We Can’t Wait, about the 1963 Birmingham campaign. King reportedly had talked with President John Kennedy about the necessity of White House action on behalf of civil rights, and Kennedy had turned him down for fear of harming his chances of becoming a two-term president.
A simplistic, mechanical strategy would mean that King might start a campaign in Washington to force the President’s hand, and indeed that is sometimes exactly the thing to do — as Alice Paul showed in the women’s suffrage campaign of 1917.
But the power-grid model offered another possibility. King went to the Birmingham affiliate of SCLC, led by the warrior-pastor Fred Shuttlesworth. SCLC resources flowed there, and Alabama became the site for the struggle that tipped the country. With the industrial city of Birmingham dislocated by nonviolent struggle, President Kennedy was forced to back legislation that became a landmark in the fight against segregation.
The route to contradicting despair
All over the country, officials are now following the U.S. 1 percent’s instructions to flush public education down the toilet. The resistance by Chicago teachers last fall sparked interest many states away and could have been used as this kind of opportunity; for a brief moment, the fog of despair lifted.
Significantly for us today, the SCLC’s power-grid model was not only a back-up plan for affiliates. It was a strike against despair, which is just what students and parents and teachers need now — and people in debt, and climate justice activists.
Local action groups are critical for many reasons, but they are not enough on their own to fight powerful, highly-organized opponents. The power of the 1 percent is being wielded more effectively on a national level than ever before, and increasingly on an international level, too. Networks and other large movement structures need to understand the synergies of multi-level organizing and get their groove on. Small action groups, meanwhile, need to find ever more creative ways to band together and support each other in the fights to come.
This story was made possible by our members. Become one today. | <urn:uuid:c2cf1020-0e35-49a6-abf6-d7dffa7be01b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://wagingnonviolence.org/feature/get-militant-but-get-backup/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281450.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00182-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.975756 | 1,783 | 2.859375 | 3 |
New system leads to faster pothole fixes
It's the start of spring and pothole season. This year, the city has a new online tool that lets you not just report potholes, but track the city's progress in fixing them.
The viewer plots all pothole requests received through the Mayor's Action Center on a map of Marion County. Green dots represent pothole requests addressed by the city and red dots signify requests that are still open. It also shows the most recent requests by date and time.
Wednesday morning, Eyewitness News checked three locations showing the most red dots. (This doesn't mean any one location has the most potholes, simply the most requests to have potholes filled.) One location was 55th Street between Keystone and Rural. Of the nine dots displayed, five were red.
While that stretch of 55th Street is just a few blocks long, with a post office there, it sees a lot of traffic. Those who work along 55th Street also see a lot of zigging and zagging.
Bill Nelson, who owns Nelson Alarm said, "It's rough. We call it the washboard street."
Lisa Allington works next door at Landmark Realty.
"I see a lot of people slowing down and going back over trying to miss the potholes," she said. "There are a lot of accidents or (near) accidents out there."
Geneva Tompkins, who stopped at the post office, knows the danger of landing in a crater. Two months ago, it did some serious damage to her car.
"It was one of those kinds you go down in and come back out," she said. "It was deep enough to blow out a tire."
Tompkins was intrigued by the pothole viewer but also skeptical the city would respond within 3-7 days.
"I've reported potholes before," she said. "I've never seen a pothole fixed that quickly."
Other people were impressed they could not just report potholes, but track the city's progress in fixing them.
One woman said, "when you call the MAC, you sometimes feel like you're going through a lot of run-around and are they really putting this down?"
"I've bent a few rims before, so yeah, if I thought something would get done, I'd probably report it. I just assumed it was going to fall on deaf ears," said Scott Rieger.
The Department of Public Works reports it has 10-15 crews addressing potholes daily, filling close to 1,000 so far this month.
But Nelson and others along 55th Street say it's time the city do more than fill in the cracks.
"I've been here over 13 years and to my recollection they've never repaved, just repatched," he said.
In fact, at Landmark Realty, they have a petition urging the city fix 55th Street once and for all. So far, they've collected 67 signatures.
Owner Karen McNamara described the street condition as "terrible and it's been terrible a long time...in previous years they'll come out and patch and a month later they're back again."
So when is it time to stop the patching and start repaving?
According to DPW, the city uses a Pavement Condition Index to rank street quality on a scale of 0-100, with 0-10 being failed and 86-100 being excellent.
Along with engineering reports, the city also relies on information they receive from the MAC and City-County councilors to determine the "priorities for projects."
According to DPW, the city resurfaced 139 lane miles last year with the 2013 construction list (and money allocated) being finalized now.
As for 55th? No word on whether it's made the resurface list for 2013, but chances are crews will be back several more times to fill in the holes. | <urn:uuid:07f55c69-bbd3-4de0-ad97-a48b61fcf788> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.wthr.com/article/new-system-leads-to-faster-pothole-fixes | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280266.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00498-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.976014 | 825 | 1.65625 | 2 |
Monday, May 02, 2011
The president's announcement last night of the death of Osama bin Laden is an example of negative PR -- a warning to terrorists throughout the world that the US won't stop trying to bring them to justice. It was a long hunt and it cost the US billions but it was successful. Others who would try to harm US citizens now know that they too will be hunted down slowly and implacably. It is unlikely that his death will stop terrorism, but it raises the ante for those who engage in it. Bin Laden's death is more a symbolic message than news. | <urn:uuid:174c283d-1d00-4a68-a31a-52b71c3e9267> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://online-pr.blogspot.com/2011/05/negative-pr.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281226.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00375-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.978599 | 120 | 1.882813 | 2 |
Energy SMEs tempted to diversify with £35,000 prize
A new innovation competition has been launched to promote the adaptation of energy technologies for health sector applications.
23rd August 2016 by Networks
The scheme was announced today by the Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) and the Manufacturing Technology Centre (MTC), part of the Advanced Manufacturing Catapult. It forms part of a wider “horizontal innovation” agenda which was initiated by the IET last year.
IET and MTC will award £35,000 worth of support to one small or medium sized (SME) energy technology company which can prove that it’s products and experience could help solve healthcare challenges. Applicants have been asked to particularly address NHS challenges in the UK.
Naomi Climer, IET President, said: “The UK is renowned across the world for creativity and innovation, but we aren’t always so good at commercialising our innovations. This is particularly difficult for SMEs who face barriers and challenges at the product development stage including funding, expertise, business processes and technologies.
“Through this programme we are offering one lucky SME the opportunity to gain access to highly skilled engineers and some of the world’s most advanced manufacturing equipment, enabling them to develop and commercialise a technology solution on an industrial scale.”
The selected applicant will have access to the MTC’s flexible factory capabilities, as well as receiving support in business planning, product design, IP protection and engineering expertise.
For more information, visit www.theiet.org/hi-sme. Entries must be received by 30 September 2016.
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Discover Citigen. Deep in the heart of our bustling capital | <urn:uuid:7ec17cf8-ccaf-4f92-9e15-b3573608982c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://networks.online/technology-operations/energy-smes-tempted-to-diversify-with-35000-prize/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00478.warc.gz | en | 0.921193 | 549 | 1.507813 | 2 |
A new survey suggests a growing number of older Canadians are rethinking their retirement plans, amid deteriorating economic conditions.
The poll was conducted between June 9 and June 12 by the Angus Reid Institute for financial advisors Advisorsavvy and debt consolidation firm Bromwich and Smith.
“It’s a combination of factors, coming out of the pandemic, the war that’s going on and inflation. People are feeling inflation, whether its at the pumps, whether its in the grocery store or whether its just the general cost of housing,” Advisorsavvy founder Sol Amos told Global News.
“A lot of these factors wouldn’t have been considered when people were planning their retirement 10 or 15 years ago.”
Along with the rising cost of living, the poll found several other major factors delaying Canadians’ retirement plans.
More than six in ten respondents said they had or would delay retirement because they didn’t have enough savings or investments, while four in ten said were doing the same because of too much debt.
More than a quarter of respondents reported putting retirement on hold because they had children who needed financial support.
The survey also found significant financial anxiety among retirement-age Canadians on numerous fronts.
More than seven in 10 reported fears they would run out of money after retirement, while more than six in 10 said they feared they’d never be able to retire.
Just under a quarter of respondents said they feared they’d have to go back to work after retiring because of the rising cost of living.
“For those that are 55-plus that are concerned about the delay or worried they won’t have enough money, there’s really a couple of things they can look at,” Amos said.
“One is looking at the time horizon they originally would have predicted for their retirement and saying ‘can I delay that five or eight years?'”
People with retirement concerns can review their spending habits and see if there are things they can forego in the short term, he suggested.
With rising interest rates, people carrying debt may want to look at eliminating it as quickly as possible, he added.
Amos also suggested Canadians struggling with retirement anxiety consider talking to a money management professional, such as a financial planner, investment advisor or licensed insolvency trustee.
“Revisit those numbers and see how long you might need to push it out,” he said.
The Angus Reid Institute survey was conducted between June 9 and June 12, 2022, among an online representative sample of 1,519 Canadians who are members of the Angus Reid Forum. For comparison purposes, the sample plan would carry a margin of error of +/- 2.5 percentage points, 19 times out of 20. | <urn:uuid:6e4a1e38-2153-47be-91d3-86e92fd7da20> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://globalnews.ca/news/8929396/inflation-retirement-delay-poll/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00271.warc.gz | en | 0.976131 | 573 | 1.757813 | 2 |
The Canadian Camping Association, as a federation of camps across the country, is experiencing a variety of challenges: rising costs, shrinking youth market share, increased government scrutiny and regulation, and risk management issues.
Validated research is a powerful instrument for addressing and protecting this common interest because today more than ever before there is a vital need to back up our claims with evidence based research.
We now possess authoritative confirmation of our industry’s value through the findings of the CCA/ University of Waterloo (UW) “Canadian Summer Camp Research Project.” The next steps are to now effectively broadcast this information, keep it in the public view, and to put it to practical purposes.
The research proved that camp provides development in five key areas:
Additionally, in the survey of over 1400 parents from across Canada, the overwhelming (or statistically significant) response was that lessons learned at camp successfully transfer from the camp environment to home, school and neighbourhood settings. Parents reported that they saw either a change for the better or an enhanced and continuing positive attitude in their children.
We do not intend to allow this study to languish. So, this is what we are now doing in order to assist you as camp professionals: | <urn:uuid:1c97d514-41bc-42d5-85ed-28f1ad983201> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ccamping.org/camp-research-project-purpose-findings-and-practical-applications/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283008.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00089-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956672 | 249 | 1.742188 | 2 |
Young People at a Healthy Weight sounds the gong
Young People at a Healthy Weight (Jongeren Op Gezond Gewicht JOGG) open trading to focus attention on healthy New Year’s resolutions. Ambassador Erben Wennemars sounds the gong in the company of the JOGG-board, aldermen, business partners, neighbourhood sports coaches and Young People at a Healthy Weight’s national ambassadors Prince Pieter-Christiaan van Oranje and Juvat Westendorp.
Using the JOGG-approach, over 100 JOGG-municipalities are now working year-round at providing today's youth with a healthier environment to stick to those Healthy New Year’s resolutions. They are working together with existing local initiatives, entrepreneurs and various other parties. Schools and sports canteens receive help and encouragement on offering healthy choices in their canteens. And to ensure it meets their needs, JOGG-municipalities are also taking a closer look at the care available for overweight and obese children. All of these efforts, along with intelligent social marketing, are geared towards tempting parents and children to drink more water, to get more exercise and to maintain a healthier lifestyle.
At the gong, aldermen for Dordrecht and Purmerend were present, as well as neighbourhood sports coaches from Purmerend and Harderwijk. For 2015, these municipalities already showed excellent results. Since the JOGG-approach was first implemented, the number of overweight children in Dordrecht-West has declined by 20 %. Compared to 2011, the number of overweight 4-, 5- and 10-year-olds in the Purmerend JOGG-neighbourhoods has declined as well.
For more information: www.jongerenopgezondgewicht.nl | <urn:uuid:63133caf-7e12-4343-a112-f4526797d5ef> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.euronext.com/en/about/media/bell-ceremony-archive/jogg | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571246.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811073058-20220811103058-00273.warc.gz | en | 0.920981 | 391 | 1.640625 | 2 |
Galaxy S5 might be categorised as “medical equipment” in South Korea
One of the more intriguing features on the Galaxy S5 is the built-in heart rate sensor. You can check your pulse by placing your finger on the sensor, which sits next to the LED flash at the back of the device. South Korea’s health agency seems quite taken with this new feature, and is said to be considering designating the Galaxy S5 as “medical equipment.” A ministry official from the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety did clarify that Samsung would be allowed to launch the device on schedule regardless of the decision undertaken by the review board. “Even if it is designated as a medical device, the procedure for testing its safety and functions is not complicated.”
In addition to the heart rate monitor, the Galaxy S5 comes with a slew of new features that include a finger scanner, new camera sensor that can shoot 4K videos and enhanced battery saving techniques. The device is slated to launch globally on April 11 and will be available on all major carriers. | <urn:uuid:5ba9ce54-f925-4abd-9824-ffa73ad6bf73> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.sammobile.com/2014/02/28/galaxy-s5-might-be-categorised-as-medical-equipment-in-south-korea/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284352.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00192-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960054 | 221 | 1.554688 | 2 |
Guest post by Eric Zuesse. Investigative historian Eric Zuesse is the author, most recently, of They’re Not Even Close: The Democratic vs. Republican Economic Records, 1910-2010.
Since we’ve bailed out the 10 largest banks $83 billion this year alone, should they give it back to us by paying into the U.S. Treasury the amount of this year’s sequester? After all, it’s the same amount.
On February 20th, Bloomberg News editors headlined, “Why Should Taxpayers Give Big Banks $83 Billion a Year?” and issued the first-ever thorough and current analysis of the taxpayer-subsidy to the Wall Street mega-banks. They found that this subsidy is $83 billion this year, but they made no note of the fact that this amount is only $2 billion less than this year’s sequester cuts are estimated to be, so that all that would need to be done, in order to avoid those cuts, would be to have those mega-banks that we bail out every year forego their subsidy from taxpayers, for just one year. Unfortunately, this would be easier said than done.
That $83 billion subsidy this year is, according to Bloomberg’s, also approximately the amount of profits that those banks are “earning” this year. So, if the mega-banks wouldn’t refund it out of what we gave them last year, then they could just refund it by paying to us – who, after all, bailed out their stockholders enormously in 2009 – the “profits” that they made this year.
The editors at Bloomberg News (hardly a bunch of populists) calculated this $83 billion figure based upon their analysis of the figures in a sadly ignored but rigorous study that had been done by IMF economists, a study that had been issued months back, in May 2012, and which was titled “Quantifying Structural Subsidy Values for Systemically Important Financial Institutions.” As Bloomberg’s editors summarized the reason for this ongoing federal subsidy: “The banks that are potentially the most dangerous can borrow at lower rates, because creditors perceive them as too big to fail,” due to the special Government backing for too-big-to-fail (TBTF) institutions.
The taxpayer-funded annual subsidy to these TBTF banks has never before been calculated as to its actual annual dollar-value, but this rigorous IMF study finally provided the means for doing that. Bloomberg’s summarizes: “What if we told you that, by our calculations, the largest U.S. banks aren’t really profitable at all? What if the billions of dollars they allegedly earn for their shareholders were almost entirely a gift from U.S. taxpayers?”
“The top five banks – JP Morgan, Bank of America Corp., Citigroup Inc., Wells Fargo & Co. and Goldman Sachs Group Inc. – account for $64 billion of the total subsidy, an amount roughly equal to their typical annual profits.”
This $83 billion, in other words, is the current value of the annual subsidy received by America’s 10 mega-banks, from our Government’s special treatment of them as “Systemically Important Financial Institutions” (i.e., fully guaranteed by U.S. taxpayers, irrespective of the normal $250,000-per-account limit in savings and checking accounts), or TBTF institutions, which the other 7,053 (out of the total 7,063 FDIC-insured) banks are not – other banks can fail without destroying the U.S. economy. In a certain sense, these are the banks where the super-rich can enjoy FDIC protection without that $250,000-per-account limit, and can even gamble under the protection of that comforting umbrella.
The Dallas Federal Reserve has issued a superb study showing that even at the peak of the crash, when the highest percentage of loans were in arrears, which had occurred around January 2010, only around 3% of loans were in arrears at banks that had “less than $1 billion” in assets, whereas banks that had “over $250 billion” (and only 12 banks are in that august category) were experiencing around 12% of loans in arrears. The following chart on page 7 of the Dallas Fed’s study showed that the 2008 crash was virtually entirely a Wall Street (or mega-bank) phenomenon:
The big-ten banks are the ones that benefited from that $83 billion handout this year, and, as was noted, they did so because they are TBTF. Because these banks (basically the top line there) are TBTF, their top executives can have them engage in, essentially, high-risk gambling (such as “no-doc” or “liars” loans) with the vast sums that are under their command, since the people who buy stock in these banks know in advance that if these high-risk bets fail, then U.S. taxpayers (we) will eat their losses. Consequently, the only incentive for CEOs of these banks is to increase their bank’s size even more, so as to increase their bonuses even bigger, since these executives don’t really need to worry about risk (except as a PR issue, perhaps, but they hire PR people – including politicians – to deal with that).
When Wall Street got bailed out to the tune of trillions of dollars by the U.S. Treasury, and the Federal Reserve (and with Fannie Mae, and Freddie Mac serving as a conduit between them and Wall Street), this left very little remaining for the Government to spend on the rest of the economy, such as infrastructure and education (the kinds of things that we supposedly pay taxes for), which might be why the recovery has been so slow, from the 2008 crash that was caused by Wall Street’s federally-insured gambling with the trillions that they control of everybody else’s money. If so, then this sequester is a result of Wall Street’s failed bets: instead of cutting back on the subsidy to Wall Street, the politicians in Washington have chosen to cut back on government services to the public. Politicians like Barack Obama and his team, and the George W. Bush team before them, and all of the supporters of TBTF in Congress, made the basic choice to subsidize the mega-banks instead of the needy or the deserving, and this is also why the “Top 1% Got 93% of Income Growth as Rich-Poor Gap Widened” under Obama. It really is a plutocracy; that’s precisely the way today’s USA is functioning – no doubt about it.
There were other possible ways of dealing with the 2008 crash than to continue to throw trillions of dollars at Wall Street, but that is what “our” Government did, and continues to do, because, essentially, this is what the super-rich pay them to do.
Bloomberg’s $83 billion/year finding here is so vast that it suggests that the U.S. is a crony-capitalism, hardly an authentic capitalism. The “cronies” are these giant Wall Street firms and their “counterparties” (namely, each other, plus Fannie & Freddie and the government officials and lobbyists, who all serve Wall Street), and also the stockholders and bondholders in these huge financial institutions: the mega-banks that would otherwise be “cleaned out” but for the TBTF backing they receive from U.S. taxpayers. We’re getting reamed by Wall Street and K Street, and this is the first estimate of the actual circumference of that reaming. The Dallas Fed’s study says that this reaming must stop, and that, despite what the Federal Reserve itself says, the mega-banks must be broken up. The easiest way to do that might be for Congress to pass a law that prohibits the largest ten banks from participating in the FDIC. That would transform the entire financial system, but Wall Street would hate it because it would yank their honey-pot.
Because Wall Street’s Mayor Michael Bloomberg made his roughly $20 billion fortune by serving the mega-banks, this editorial from Bloomberg News constituted remarkable news, in and of itself.
One other study of “Valuation in Systemic Risk at U.S. Banks During 1974-2010” found that the taxpayer-subsidy was $300 billion in 2008 but supposedly near zero after 2009. Matt Levine linked to that study on 7 May 2012 under the optimistic headline “Markets Are Telling Us That Too Big To Fail Is All Better.” The editors at Bloomberg ignored that study. The financial expert Yves Smith, when I called to her attention that that study, which she had relied upon, zeroed-out the megabanks’ systemic risk after 2009, wrote in reply, “I didn’t realize they were doing this using bank equity volatility as the proxy. He did not make clear how he was going to do about it in the talk. Methodologically, that’s crap.” So, Bloomberg’s editors have issued the only reliable study that has ever been done on the size of this important subsidy.
Bloomberg’s editors were courageous to do this, and they are already getting flak for having done it. On February 24th, they issued a follow-up, “Remember That $83 Billion Bank Subsidy? We Weren’t Kidding,” and explained in more detail how they had calculated this $83 billion sum. They explained why the $83 billion estimate was far likelier an underestimate than an overestimate.
Anyway, this subsidy is a major problem, probably at least as big as the sequester, which it might have helped to cause.
On February 28th, Yves Smith posted at her “Naked Capitalism” website, “Occupy the SEC, Frustrated With Regulatory Defiance of Volcker Rule Implementation Requirements, Sues Fed, SEC, CFTC, FDIC and Treasury,” and she linked to a new legal filing in the Eastern District of New York “over the failure of the relevant financial regulators to issue a Final Rulemaking as stipulated in Dodd Frank.” She summarized what the evidence clearly showed: “Not only are the[y] out of compliance [with the Dodd-Frank Act’s Volcker Rule provision for these regulators to draft rules restricting the mega-banks from gambling with investors’ money], they [the regulatory agencies over the mega-banks] appear to have no intent of finalizing the Volcker Rule.” She went on to say: “Much of the public still fails to understand the degree to which the ruling classes no longer represent their interests. Oh, they may resent the banks, and they may also hate Congress, but most people deeply need to believe they live in a system that is fair and where business and political leaders (some if not all) still deserve respect and admiration.”
Meanwhile, click here to find out why Republicans want the sequester, even though economists, the International Monetary Fund, and even the Congress’s own research service (the Congressional Research Service), have amply warned that it will be destructive to the nation. | <urn:uuid:3a27b0a2-b709-4814-8718-6794afff7c30> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ritholtz.com/2013/02/this-years-subsidy-to-wall-street-this-years-sequester-cuts/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00277.warc.gz | en | 0.970409 | 2,390 | 1.882813 | 2 |
Were you unable to attend Transform 2022? Check out all of the summit sessions in our on-demand library now! Watch here.
Unlike the last election cycle, the 2012 presidential debates will largely be available online. It’s also perhaps the first set of debates where you should turn off your television and move over to your computer to get the full experience.
All the major broadcast stations have teamed up with reputable tech companies/services to offer a more interactive experience than the traditional boring TV channel coverage. A few websites are hosting a live stream of the debates while doing things like fact checking statements made by both Republican nominee Mitt Romney and incumbent Barack Obama. There’s even a slew of services that let U.S. viewers see the collective reactions from everyone else watching, create debate memes, and earn Halo 4 gear.
Below is a list of sites and services that either provide a live stream of the debates or enhance the experience with a second screen (or both).
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YouTube Elections Hub
YouTube is teaming up with ABC News to offer a live stream of the debate via its Elections Hub, which offers users access to tons of election coverage from several different sources, including ABC News, Al Jazeera English, BuzzFeed, Larry King, New York Times, and others. As the largest and most trafficked video site, it’s unlikely that YouTube will suffer from technical glitches during the live event either via the Web or through mobile devices.
Live video staple Ustream is hosting a stream of the presidential debate (as well as subsequent debates) through its channel partner, CBS News. The channel pages will sport their own debate-branded skin and provide access to Ustream’s social tools. And while Ustream isn’t erecting its own “hub” of election coverage, the startup is debuting a new front page site design, complete with a team of people curating the hottest videos of the moment. And for anyone who wants more than just the debate live stream, there will be plenty of commentary from other Ustream channel partners via debate watch parties. Also, no ads.
The 24-hour news cable network is once again providing viewers with a live stream of the debates via its website. In the 2008 debates, we were “treated” to a mood meter showing how the audience was reacting throughout the night. This time, CNN has some new tricks up its sleeve thanks to its partnership with Snappy.tv, such as allowing viewers to easily grab and share video clips from the debate on Facebook and Twitter. And while it wasn’t much of an issue in 2008, this year you’ll be able to watch the live stream on most web-connected mobile devices.
Want to watch the live stream, but don’t have the attention span to furiously Google search every time a candidate makes a bold statement? Well, you can either take notes for fact-checking purposes after the debate ends, or you can visit the Sunlight Foundation’s live stream. The nonprofit organization — which is dedicated to government openness and transparency through online tools and resources — is providing fact checking alongside the video stream.
Other news organizations
Plenty of other cable networks and news publications are offering a live stream of the debates on their websites, such as Fox News, PBS, the Wall Street Journal, Huffington Post (via HuffPost Live), Univision (translated into Spanish), and probably a few more I’m leaving out. You can bet that each of the aforementioned options will also provide additional analysis and coverage leading up to, and after, the debate. The most basic option for watching the debate, however, is through the C-SPAN 2 website.
Xbox Live Election Hub
Microsoft is providing debate coverage through its Xbox Live Election Hub channel, which launched back in August. You need an Xbox Live Gold account to access the Election Hub channel, which (in addition to a live stream of Romney v. Obama) gives you access to daily YouGov polls, election coverage from NBC News, and factoids about each candidate via Face the Facts USA. Probably the most interesting thing Microsoft is doing is offering a Halo 4 Warrior Armor avatar award to anyone who watches at least three out of the four scheduled debates. (I can’t decide if adding gamification elements to get U.S. citizens to pay attention to the election is a stroke of genius or just very sad. Still, it’s something new.)
Second screen apps & services
Regardless of how you’re watching the debate, you can enhance the viewing experience by grabbing your smartphone or tablet.
Twitter Political Index. If you plan on tweeting during the debate, know that Twitter has created its own Political Index, which translates all those politically charged tweets into raw data showing how users feel about the candidates.
Social check-in services. I fully expect sites like Foursquare, Miso, and (of course) GetGlue to offer their users a badge when checking in during the debate. GetGlue in particular could be a good place to get a quick scan of any friends also watching the debate as well as some of their comments or impressions.
IntoNow (Yahoo). One check-in service that is stepping up during the presidential debate is Yahoo’s IntoNow app. The company just released a new version of IntoNow for the iPad. The app lets you predict who will “win” the election, provides an electoral map, up-to-date political news from Yahoo, and a freaking presidential Meme generator. And while most of the features sadly paint the debates like semi-finals of American Idol, the overall app looks like it’ll improve your viewing experience. (Seriously, a meme generator. Awesome.)
Ponderoo. A few news organizations are attempting to track the audience’s “pulse” during the debate — showing how people feel about each candidate in real-time. Ponderoo, an iOS app released Monday, focuses entirely on this feature. The app lets you touch portions of the screen to indicate your positive and negative feelings during the debate, tracking your activity along the way. You can even see a line for how others across the country are reacting. The app is free and available via Apple’s App Store.
[If we missed a service you plan to use during the debates, please let us know in the comment section below.]
Photo via @gov/Twitter
VentureBeat's mission is to be a digital town square for technical decision-makers to gain knowledge about transformative enterprise technology and transact. Learn more about membership. | <urn:uuid:52869b57-66b5-4942-bf9c-aa10f666ac38> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://venturebeat.com/media/watch-2012-debate/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572215.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815235954-20220816025954-00668.warc.gz | en | 0.941941 | 1,405 | 1.65625 | 2 |
Last month we reported DelMonte was entering the beverage market. Now Unilever is entering the fray in a very small way and (curiously) using its Promise margarine brand. Promise activ SuperShots are the first mini-drink with added natural plant sterols, ingredients that have been proven in more than 140 clinical studies to help actively remove bad LDL cholesterol, according to the company.
The 100ml (3.3-oz.) bottle contains 2g of plant sterols plus heart-health ingredients omega-3 alpha linolenic acid and omega-6, as well as being a good source of vitamin E. Unilever officials say it would take about 100 lbs. of fruits, vegetables and nuts to get 2g of natural plant sterols.
Promise activ SuperShots also contain fruit and yogurt and come in three flavors: strawberry, peach and raspberry. They became available in stores in the dairy aisle beginning June l, priced at approximately $3.99 for a four-pack. They're recommended twice daily with meals.
Most Americans are not at optimal levels of cholesterol, said Lori Mosca, director of preventive cardiology at New York Presbyterian Hospital. We can manage our levels through a comprehensive lifestyle approach that includes good nutrition and novel approaches to cholesterol reduction. One way ... is through using foods that are rich in natural plant sterols. | <urn:uuid:dd8e2556-bd19-432f-9aff-a02fbfc662b9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.foodprocessing.com/industrynews/2007/108/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00403-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948422 | 279 | 1.570313 | 2 |
German poultry industry gives up GMO-free promise
The German poultry farmers association (ZDG) recently withdrew its 14 year old commitment to only use non-GMO soybeans in poultry feed. ZDG stated that imports of non-GMO soybeans are no longer reliable since Brazil will reportedly cut supplies by 50% in 2014.
ZDG also said that the danger of cross-contamination between GMO and conventional crops puts producer and handlers at legal risk in the EU. Germany is one of the EU's largest poultry producers, using over 800,000 tons of soybean meal annually as a protein feed ingredient.
"The German poultry industry has made great efforts to offer poultry meat from animals raised on GMO-free feeds" but that "chicken and turkey production cannot be undertaken in Germany without use of genetic technology" the association said.
"Specialized factories for the production of poultry feed require a continuous supply of uncontaminated GMO-free soybeans, but supplies can no longer be guaranteed in the required volumes."
Germany is one of the EU's largest poultry meat producers. In 2013, Germany produced about 1.4 million tons of poultry meat (out of total EU production of about 12.5 million tons). Germany is also one of the EU's largest users of soybeans and soybean meal, importing for all uses (feed, biofuels, etc.) about 6.8 million tons of soybeans and products in 2013.
Chicken and turkey farmers in Germany annually use about 4.1 million tons of animal feed, of which soy meal is a key protein component. It is estimated that German poultry famers use over 800,000 tons of soybean meal annually, a figure that is not likely to change much even if the industry and uses GMO soybeans more broadly.
German poultry production has been a celebrated success story in recent years, buoyed by both rising production and rising consumption. The ZDG announcement is a clear signal that producers do not want to be limited to a single product type or supplier of animal protein feed.
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Report on Kujusan (Japan) — October 1995
Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network, vol. 20, no. 10 (October 1995)
Managing Editor: Richard Wunderman.
Kujusan (Japan) Additional data on the sudden aseismic eruption of 11 October
Please cite this report as:
Global Volcanism Program, 1995. Report on Kujusan (Japan) (Wunderman, R., ed.). Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network, 20:10. Smithsonian Institution. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.GVP.BGVN199510-282120
33.086°N, 131.249°E; summit elev. 1791 m
All times are local (unless otherwise noted)
On 11 October, aseismic phreatic eruptions started within the Kuju volcanic group, on Hosho (Hosyo) dome's E side (BGVN 20:09). On 12 October observers found an E-W trending line of vents ~300-m long; also, at that time an ash-bearing plume rose to ~1 km above the crater.
The eruption deposited a 100 m2 blanket of fist-sized volcanic clasts; it also emitted mud that flowed down an adjacent valley. After that, the volume and height of the plume gradually decreased until finally ash-bearing eruptions ceased at the month's end. Seismicity stayed low during October.
Geological Summary. Kujusan is a complex of stratovolcanoes and lava domes lying NE of Aso caldera in north-central Kyushu. The group consists of 16 andesitic lava domes, five andesitic stratovolcanoes, and one basaltic cone. Activity dates back about 150,000 years. Six major andesitic-to-dacitic tephra deposits, many associated with the growth of lava domes, have been recorded during the Holocene. Eruptive activity has migrated systematically eastward during the past 5000 years. The latest magmatic activity occurred about 1600 years ago, when Kurodake lava dome at the E end of the complex was formed. The first reports of historical eruptions were in the 17th and 18th centuries, when phreatic or hydrothermal activity occurred. There are also many hot springs and hydrothermal fields. A fumarole on Hosho lava dome was the site of a sulfur mine for at least 500 years. Two geothermal power plants are in operation at Kuju.
Information Contacts: Volcanological Division, Seismological and Volcanological Department, Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), 1-3-4 Ote-machi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100 Japan. | <urn:uuid:a53a9f56-dded-4d81-9bef-e3a4e22e775e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://volcano.si.edu/showreport.cfm?doi=10.5479/si.GVP.BGVN199510-282120 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00470.warc.gz | en | 0.900406 | 597 | 3.0625 | 3 |
Dec 17, 2008 · In the Midwest, Eastern red cedar fence posts have been found to last for decades. Here is the life expectancy (in years) of some wood fence posts, from the Virginia Cooperative Extension: Black ...May 14, 2009 · A fence that is properly cared for will give lude some of the following suggestions in your regular maintece program: Repair or replace anchor post assemblies when-ever they show signs of weakness. Refasten loose wires to posts and splice broken wires when necessary. Keep the fence wires properly stretched.Oct 09, 2021 · For high-tensile fences, we res apart. You may use more strands if you have a densely packed small spacepared to a large, roamable space with fewer cows. Fence Types In your property, you will have a variety of fence types ranging from holding pens to pasture fences.When you set your fence posts, space them far enough apart. When you are using barbed wire, you will want a post every sixteen or so feet, but in an electric fence, you really only need posts every eighty to one hundred feet. For other types of fences, though, you might need to space about twenty to thirty feet apart. | <urn:uuid:c8d9fcc3-61d9-4f32-a43c-5fe39ba80228> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.catnet.shop/long-service-life-farm-fence-how-to-in-belgium.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00475.warc.gz | en | 0.922286 | 251 | 2.453125 | 2 |
This course is the final course in a three part algebra sequence, In this course, students extend their knowledge of more advanced functions, and apply and model them using both algebraic and geometric techniques. This course enables students to make logical deductions and arrive at reasonable conclusions. Such skills are crucial in today's world. Knowing how to analyze quantitative information for the purpose of making decisions, judgments, and predictions is essential for understanding many important social and political issues. Quantitative Skills and Reasoning provides students the skills needed for evaluating such quantitatively-based arguments.
About this Course
Johns Hopkins University
The mission of The Johns Hopkins University is to educate its students and cultivate their capacity for life-long learning, to foster independent and original research, and to bring the benefits of discovery to the world.
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TOP REVIEWS FROM ALGEBRA: ELEMENTARY TO ADVANCED - POLYNOMIALS AND ROOTS
Great class, some mistakes here and there for the videos. THat stuff doesn't matter, it the matht that was taught in a way that is great. only complaint- it is quite dry-
I liked the way of explanation very simple and understandable
I highly appreciate your classes where we could learn and gain so much from you.
This course is very informative. I think this will help my students
About the Algebra: Elementary to Advanced Specialization
This specialization is intended for students looking to solidify their algebra and geometry necessary to be successful in future courses that will require precalculus and calculus. Quantitiative skill and reasoning are presented throughout the course to train students to think logically, reason with data, and make informed decisions.
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More questions? Visit the Learner Help Center. | <urn:uuid:5eec0ddd-1bd2-459f-b3e1-2d089ff07eee> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.coursera.org/learn/polynomials-roots?authMode=signup | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00475.warc.gz | en | 0.934913 | 412 | 3.453125 | 3 |
Engineering the Costumes
Costumes look just like regular clothes on the outside but are engineered differently on the inside. They are built to be easily altered for different body types, and designers often strengthen fabric with layers of heavy-duty cotton in a process called flatlining. The shop has dress forms in about 10 sizes, and a model with legs was recently purchased for making pants. Designers can tailor costumes to match exact measurements by padding the forms with foam.
“These are the workhorses,” Ms. Johannesdottir says. The shiny domestic Bernina sewing machines are safer to learn on than their industrial counterparts, and the manual process allows garment makers to perfect complex stitches, like zigzags and overlocks.
The Show Bible
Designers meet with actors before a production and take all kinds of measurements—from head size to wrist width. That information goes into what designers call “the show bible.” Garment mockups are made with muslin, a coarse cotton weave that serves as a stand-in for expensive fabrics.
Elizabeth Acevedo, BA '10, one of the 2014 National Poetry Slam champions, mixes poetry and performance to explore life and identity as a Dominican woman and first-generation American.
Poetry can be anything. An exhibit at GW's Brady Gallery had visitors create "found poems" by redacting, reordering, refashioning or colorizing a canvas of words made from a few pages of Oscar Wilde's The Picture of Dorian Gray.
When the Corcoran School of the Arts and Design unveiled its end-of-the-year thesis exhibition this spring, a group of little plastic dragons celebrated the opening with more revelry than anyone in the gallery.
It was a surprise to find four graduation hoods and a spiffy Stetson top hat in a box described as "cap and gown of Frank Alexander Wetmore."
A pair of politicos reconnect on the air, Eric Cantor appears at GW's Wall Street Symposium and more.
Laverne Cox, Rick Santorum, five top CEOs and more.
In Berkshire Beyond Buffett, GW Law professor Lawrence A. Cunningham offers an inside look at Warren Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway, a colossus that manages to feel like a small business. | <urn:uuid:573092ec-8686-4ce8-aaaf-8ba674ec1a14> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://archives.magazine.gwu.edu/stitch-stitch | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00478.warc.gz | en | 0.947685 | 473 | 2.15625 | 2 |
Having read some of the Brontë sisters’ work and consistently getting them confused with each other, I decided to read the youngest sister, Anne, who wrote Agnes Grey (1847) and the extremely shocking (for the time) Tenant of Wildfell Hill. (In fact, Tenant was soooo shocking that one of her elder sisters refused it to be re-published believing it not to be a good representation of the family).
Agnes Grey is written arguably as a bildungsroman in many ways – it’s a reflective look of younger years from the perspective of an older person, and all from the personal pronoun “I”. Written as it was smack dab in the middle of Victorian times, it fits their style: extremely loquacious, sermonizing, ridiculously melodramatic. But despite these flaws, I still enjoyed the read and was sucked into both the plot, the numerous characters involved and the usual twisting strategies of what to do with Victorian daughters as they aged out of the school room.
Brontë proves to have a pretty good sense of humor sprinkled throughout the book, and easily describes the thought processes of a young adult in the throes of growing up. (Anne wrote this first novel when she was in her mid-twenties and it was based heavily on her own experiences as a governess just a few years before. It is easy to see some of this freshness of experience in how she relates the character’s own experience of working in wealthy families.)
So, yes, Agnes Grey is wordy and verbose and heavy-handed. However, when you align the writing of the novel with the life experience of Anne and her sisters, it’s hard to argue that she could have written otherwise, really. They were all children of a poor Irish clergyman (originally called Brunty*) and lived out on the moors of Yorkshire getting home-schooled and being autodidactic. Anne got a couple of years at a boarding school, and then aged 19 (similar age to the governess in Agnes Grey, methinks), she went to work as a governess. If Agnes Grey is anything to go by, it seems that that experience wasn’t too happy overall.
Her parents were pretty reproductively active, and popped out a kid every year between 1815 and 1818, with a year off until another at 1820. This can’t have made life easy on a clergyman’s salary, plus imagine trying to wonder how to get all four of the girls married when the family is isolated out on the moors. (Plus the son wasn’t that great a help either, being an alcoholic womanizer for most of his life.) Their mum died in 1821, so her (the mother’s) sister moved in to help, but it doesn’t seem to have been too happy an arrangement for them all. (Nothing brutal is reported, but it doesn’t seem to have been done with love.)
In the summer of 1845, the Brontë sisters were at a loss for income – they had few to no options so, deciding to write under male pseudonyms (Charlotte/Currer Bell, Emily/Ellis Bell, and Anne/Acton Bell), they self-published their first collection of poems. Although not a success, the three sisters each went ahead and wrote a novel of their own: Emily (Wuthering Heights) and Anne (Agnes Grey) were both published whilst Charlotte’s first was rejected. (Her second, Jane Eyre, was of course more of a success.)
Anne’s feelings about authorship and gender are explained further here:
“I am satisfied that if a book is a good one, it is so whatever the sex of the author may be. All novels are or should be written for both men and women to read, and I am at a loss to conceive how a man should permit himself to write anything that would be really disgraceful to a woman, or why a woman should be censured for writing anything that would be proper and becoming for a man.”[
Despite the success of their writings, the Brontës as a family were not to continue in good health – brother Branwell abused alcohol and had an affair with the wife of an employer of both he and Anne, leading to unemployment for both of them. He died unexpectedly in 1848. Two of the girls died quite quickly after that of various ailments – Emily first, and then Anne.
It seems to have been rather a hard-knock life for the Brontë sisters (through no fault of their own), and I’m curious now to learn more about their family life and social history of the time…. (More for the TBR pile.)
Good read overall – it’s a shame this volume tends to be overlooked in favor of her older sisters’ writing. It’s perhaps not as strong as some of their books, but it’s a good old-fashioned read if that’s what you’re looking for.
*Her father changed his name from a very Irish one to the more Anglicized Brunty when he went to Cambridge University to study theology. His father had grown up in poverty and married a woman from a comfortable background to live a life of lower-middle class – perhaps. (Shades of Agnes Grey plot emerging again.) | <urn:uuid:7976398b-e080-4a15-b794-196af73c8531> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://ravingreader.wordpress.com/2012/11/27/agnes-grey-anne-bronte-1847/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282202.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00556-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.983285 | 1,135 | 2.046875 | 2 |
Acquiring the fruits of Jannah but not eating them or not having the ability to eat them means he will acquire deen but he will not profit from it . Sometimes a dream of this nature could also mean that he will acquire the knowledge of Deen which not benefit him in any way.... Islamic Dream Interpretation
(Blow; Hit; Lash; Whip) To hit someone with a staff in a dream means bringing back to life something that died away or investigating the cause of a death or clarifying something.
To beat someone with a wooden stick in a dream means failing to fulfill a promise, or it could mean lying to someone. Ifsomeone in authority hits his employee in a dream, it means that he will give him a raise.
If he hits him on his back in the dream, it means that he will pay his debt.
If he hits him on his backside in the dream, it means that he will give him a daughter in marriage. Ifone hits someone head with a stick in a dream, it means that he desires his position or it may denote his jealousy.
If one hits someone between the eyes in a dream, it means that he wants him to get lost. Beating someone in a dream also means to rebuke, revile or insult him, or it could mean to admonish him. Beating someone over his scull in a dream means that the victim in the dream will attain excellence of expression and reach his goals.
If he hits him over the earlobe and if it bleeds in the dream, it means that the assailant will rape and deflower the daughter of the victim. Like that, interpreting the subject of beating must be associated with the meaning of the limb affected in the dream. (See Body’), Beatings in a dream also connotes supplications.
If one sees himself beating a donkey in a dream, it means that he does not earn his daily bread unless he regularly prays for it.
To beat someone in a dream also means cursing him. Ifhe hits him over the head in the dream, it means speaking ill of him and that one cannot retrieve his words or apologize for them. Beating a family member in a dream means that one’s wife is committing adultery. Beating someone in a dream also means benefiting him, or it could mean business losses. Ifone is beaten in a dream, it means profits and benefits, unless if the one beating him is an angel, or a deceased person, or a member of his family. Beating someone with a leather belt or with a cane in a dream means bad consequences in wakefulness. Hitting the floor in a dream means taking a trip.
If one receives one hundred lashes on his back in a dream, it means that he has committed adultery, or it could mean that he has the intention to do so.
If one receives forty lashes in a dream, it means that he indulges in drinking alcohol or uses intoxicants.lfhe is lashed eighty times in a dream, it means that he slanders married women.lfhe is whipped by a deceased person in the dream, it means that he is pursuing wrong ideas and should reverse his course, for a deceased person dwells in the kingdom of truth and follows only what pleased God Almighty. However, if one sees himself in a dream beating a deceased person, this could be interpreted to denote the strength of his faith, certitude, prayers and charitable nature. It also could mean benefits from a business trip or pursuing a lost interest. Beating in a dream when it causes no pain, bleeding or scratches means receiving a new garment, paying debts, or hearing sarcastic comments. Beating an animal in a dream means either training him, or it could mean ignorance and being unfair toward such an animal.... Islamic Dream Interpretation
If a person sees himself as becoming the owner of will animals and these animals are under his full control so that he leads them to wherever he desires, it means he will become the leader of a people.... Islamic Dream Interpretation
If a person sees himself drinking or being fed milk from the breast of a woman, it means he will either be imprisoned or find himself in utter poverty, as the maximum period for suckling is tow years. Anything beyond that means imprisonment or dire straits.... Islamic Dream Interpretation
If a person dreams that he is drinking sea water and the water is not turbid or muddy nor are any waves seen in such waters it means he will acquire as much of the wealth of this world as the amount of water he had drunk. Moreover he shall lead a clean and happy life. But if the water is brackish or filthy or the ocean is shrouded in darkness or the water assumes the form of huge, frightening waves it suggest he will be afflicted with grief, fear and hardship, the intensity of which will depend on how much of the above conditions prevail in the water or ocean.... Islamic Dream Interpretation
If a person sees himself drinking dirty or muddy water from a river it means he will suffer grief, anguish and heartache, the extend depending on the amount he drinks of such water.... Islamic Dream Interpretation
Consuming clean, sweet water in the dream means he will enjoy a clean and happy life provided he does not know its quantity nor is he aware of himself being in a state of tuhr nor does he know himself to be on a journey in a strange, unknown place.
The same applies if the water is not sweet. But it the water is brackish and muddy, it means he will suffer from some ailment or disease whose seriousness will depend on how brackish or muddy the water is.... Islamic Dream Interpretation
If a person sees himself eating specific number of grapes (ie he counts them while eating them) it suggest that he will either be given the same number of lashes or the same number of pimples will appear on his body.... Islamic Dream Interpretation
Eating fire which has no flames means he will usurp what is due to orphan. But if such a fire does have flames he will be questioned regarding what is due to orphans. Moreover, people will speak ill of him causing him much agony and mental disturbance.... Islamic Dream Interpretation
If a person sees himself eating his own intestines, liver or kidneys or any other organ situated in or around the stomach it means he will have access to all his wealth which was not available to him hitherto.
The same is the interpretation if – instead of eating them-he sees himself or another picking them up or carrying them.... Islamic Dream Interpretation
If a person sees himself as eating or keeping pearls in his mouth, it means he will conceal the knowledge of Deen thereby depriving the people from benefiting from his ilm. At times eating pearls could mean reciting the Qur’aan and deriving benefit theregfrom.... Islamic Dream Interpretation
Eating roasted meat means that the observer of the dram will be given meager livelihood and will face much hardships an anxiety for, roasting is called shayyun in Arabic meaning a wound. And a wound causes harm and grief.... Islamic Dream Interpretation
Seeing oneself eating the fruits of Jannah or giving it to someone else is an excellent dream for the fruits of Jannah symbolize utterance of virtue, excellence and benevolence.... Islamic Dream Interpretation
If a person dreams that he is eating any portion of the innards (such as the liver, fat, spleen, heart etc.) of a goat, it means acquiring wealth.
The same is the case if the becomes the owner of any portion of the innards. There is no difference as to whether they are cooked, roasted or fried. There is also no difference as to whether they are of a goat or any other animal. But the innards of a human being is regarded as more excellent.... Islamic Dream Interpretation
Eating the shell or white of the eggs but not the yolk means he will usurp wealth belonging to the deceased or a slain person. It could also mean that he will dig up graves for the purpose of stealing the shroud (kafn) of the dead people.
And Allah knows best.... Islamic Dream Interpretation
If a person sees himself milking and drinking cow milk it is a glad tiding that he will become rich, or if he is rich his wealth will increase; or if he is a slave he will become free and marry his mistress.... Islamic Dream Interpretation
If the males thereof are seen in the dream with no desire to hunt them, they represent such people who have no Deen; they have alienated themselves from the Muslim community so as to follow their own whims and fancies.... Islamic Dream Interpretation
(Forest; Hidden; Manifest; Woods) Eating wild plants in the wilderness in a dream represents hard earned money. Wild plants are also interpreted as a person whose goodness is hidden and whose heart is better than what his appearance may suggest. (Also see Wild thyme)... Islamic Dream Interpretation
In a dream, wild thyme means hoarding money, or it could mean virility and rejuvenation of one’s sexual appetite. In a dream, wild thyme also means continuous blessings, power, a good business, a woman or a child. Seeing wild thyme in the field is better than seeing it cut in a dream, for once any fragrant plant is cut in a dream, then it means distress and worries. (Also see Wild plants)... Islamic Dream Interpretation | <urn:uuid:522bba68-bcf0-4fdb-a9bd-a2062057e05b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.islamicdreaminterpretation.org/eating-and-drinking-in-the-wild | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00277.warc.gz | en | 0.970325 | 1,935 | 2 | 2 |
Focusing on East Germany’s capacity to innovate and diffuse technology, this book sheds light on the technological gap that has developed between the two Germanies. Dr. Bentley compares the sophistication of GDR and FRG technology in different industrial branches, evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of the GDR’s research and development system, compares the R&D effort of the two Germanies, and discusses the government policies that affected technological change in GDR industry from 1945 to 1975. He identifies and analyzes hindrances to research, innovation, and diffusion in the fields of planning, organization, economic stimulation, and ideology, and looks at the formation of interest groups. He also compares evidence from the GDR with data from other countries, including the USSR.
Table of Contents
Westview Replica Editions -- Foreword -- Introduction -- The Technological Background -- The Industrial Research and Development Effort -- The System of Detailed Central Planning, 1945–1962 -- The New Economic System and Its Successor, 1963–1975 -- The Offensive Strategy for Technological Change, 1967/68–1971 -- The Effort to Link Academic Science with Industry, 1945–1975 -- Conclusion -- Tables -- Experimental Comparison of Industrial R&D in the GDR and FRG for 1964 and 1970 According to the Frascati Definition
Raymond Bentley wrote this study as a guest researcher of the Abteilung fuer Wissenschaftsforschung (Department of Science Studies) at the University of Ulm, Federal Republic of Germany. | <urn:uuid:f141e2ed-5b52-459a-8c83-286fb68edabf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.routledge.com/Technological-Change-In-The-German-Democratic-Republic/Bentley/p/book/9780367289591 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00477.warc.gz | en | 0.854694 | 328 | 2.890625 | 3 |
INDIANAPOLIS (AP) — Indianapolis Mayor Joe Hogsett condemned “a deafening silence” in the community about violence after more than 20 shots fired into an Indianapolis home killed a 1-year-old girl died and injured a 19-year-old woman.
Hogsett told a news conference that apathy and silence about gun violence is his biggest fear following the shooting early Thursday. He urged residents to report people with guns.
The full names of the girl and the woman have not been released.
Police say about 10 people, mostly members of the same family, were in the home at the time of the shooting. The Indianapolis Star reports evidence markers showed at least 21 bullet holes in the home.
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Police Chief Bryan Roach says a dispute on social media escalated into the shooting. | <urn:uuid:00766cee-79c5-4d31-bbf5-823eff21a6ef> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/police-1-year-old-dead-woman-hurt-in-indianapolis-shooting/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00275.warc.gz | en | 0.956801 | 248 | 1.679688 | 2 |
Some travelers use the place name Bahia to refer to the city of Salvador. In Brazilian Portuguese the term Bahia with the meaning of “Salvador” is a regionalism. It is only used by some people of the state of Bahia to refer to Salvador. Elsewhere, Bahia refers only to the state. Tourism companies (travel agents, airlines) always use Salvador or Salvador de Bahia to refer to the capital of the state.
So now you know it, if you want to avoid confussion, make sure you use Bahia to refer to the state and Salvador to refer to the city.
Category: Destination: Bahia | <urn:uuid:61a2352c-4af6-4ba7-8f74-bedb2ecc03f3> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.braziltravelblog.com/2009/03/19/a-city-called-bahia/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718296.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00539-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.945772 | 134 | 2.859375 | 3 |
We can’t afford another round of MBTA fare increases.
Raising the cost of public transit would burden residents who can least afford transportation alternatives and punish commuters who are doing the most to ease traffic and improve air quality. But the heaviest cost is that focusing on whether to raise or maintain fares distracts from what should be our larger goal: free public transportation. We need bold proposals to make public transit the most reliable, convenient, and affordable transportation option.
In Massachusetts, fares from bus and subway riders contributed just over 20 percent in revenues for the MBTA budget in 2018. The agency and elected leaders should be proposing big ideas to reduce and eliminate that burden.
City, state, national, and international reports have documented a dire climate future, where our ability to mitigate intensifying storms, flooding, and high-temperature days depends on aggressively expanding public transit as a baseline, along with larger initiatives such as widespread electrification and transitioning to 100 percent renewable energy. The city’s recent Carbon Free Boston report requires dramatically increasing the share of commuters taking the T as a necessary condition to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. Governor Baker’s Commission on the Future of Transportation highlights building public transit ridership to move more people in fewer vehicles for the sake of our environment and economy by 2040. The United Nations set a deadline to implement transformational reductions in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030, or face temperatures that will spiral into climate disaster.
By the MBTA’s own projections, the proposed fare increases would result in additional transit ridership declines, making it harder to meet these aggressive deadlines as well as worsening traffic around the region. Forget fare hikes; let’s seek the sustainable revenue sources to take action on improving service levels, electrifying trains, and speeding up buses.
Eliminating financial barriers must be one of the big ideas we explore, because geographic mobility underlies economic mobility. Access to public transit is more than just a calculus about the number of cars taken off the road. Cities that have adopted free public transportation have benefited from a surge in transit equity, with more low-income residents, seniors, and youth using transit to access opportunities. In a city and region where income inequality and racial disparities reflect our geographic segregation, cost and unreliability of public transportation adds an additional barrier for youth, people of color, and everyone who has been left out of the prosperity of our city. Removing this barrier would unleash the full potential of our workforce and talent from every neighborhood.
Making the investment in fare-free transit would not only nourish our future, but also align with our history. Over the course of nearly four centuries, Massachusetts boldly invested in shared prosperity, including the nation’s first public school, park, and library. By removing financial barriers to access, each of these innovative investments led to widespread recognition of a fundamental right — the right to quality education, the right to open space, the right to our shared knowledge, free and available to all.
Investing in free public transportation would establish a right to mobility — the right of every person to access every part of our city, regardless of income level, race, background, or home zip code.
As we advocate for large-scale sustainable reform, there are many feasible steps toward fare-free transit that could open up opportunity immediately. Massachusetts students (including college students at our public universities) should be the first group to ride fare-free. We should also pilot free resident fares on bus routes where the majority of riders are low-income residents. New fare collection technology should be implemented with a fare-capping policy, allowing riders to ride for free after reaching a monthly threshold, rather than having to purchase a monthly pass up front or accumulate costs ride-by-ride that surpass that threshold.
Free public transportation is the single biggest step we could take toward economic mobility, racial equity, and climate justice. Let’s once again make a historic investment for our shared future in the Commonwealth.
Michelle Wu is an at-large Boston city councilor. | <urn:uuid:fb8e5db6-a3d6-49bd-b24e-83bca7ff62a1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www2.bostonglobe.com/opinion/2019/01/31/opinion-michelle-forget-fare-hikes-make-free/vJpKVu6Rft2C4Esi50mB5M/story.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572063.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814173832-20220814203832-00674.warc.gz | en | 0.933719 | 828 | 2.75 | 3 |
Written By Admin
Thursday, August 4, 2016
Hopefully, you are not laboring under the delusion that Coca-Cola is good for you. Even people who choose to drink this beverage regularly know that it is toxic to their health. But did you know that even one can of Coca-Cola can significantly change how your body works and weaken your immune system?
WHAT HAPPENS TO YOUR BODY IN 10 MINUTES
Once you finish your can of Coke, the sugar starts moving through your body. Within 10 minutes, the body has absorbed all 10 tablespoons of sugar present in your soda. Thanks to the phosphoric acid in your drink, you do not taste how incredibly sweet the Coke is, and so you do not vomit.
20 MINUTES TO 45 MINUTES AFTER DRINKING
Now your body is really starting to work with other chemicals and sugar you have thrown at it. Your insulin levels are spiking and trying to process sugar as quickly as possible. This excess sugar is turned into fat, which stays in your body until you burn it off.Between 40 and 45 minutes after drinking a can of Coke, your liver starts absorbing all the caffeine found in Coke.
This leads to an increase in your blood sugar levels and a temporary increase in energy. Dopamine levels are also high, making you feel happy and excited.
YOUR BODY ONE HOUR AFTER COCA-COLA
Your calcium, magnesium, and zinc levels are dipping, thanks to your body’s efforts to get rid of sugar and phosphoric acid through urine. in addition, you may start to feel dehydrated. Because Coca-Cola is a diuretic, your body flushes out water and electrolytes at the same time as it flushes out the chemicals from Coca-Cola.
Are you starting to get cranky yet? The sugar and caffeine buzz you enjoyed just 15 minutes ago has worn off and your body no longer has extra sugar to support a higher energy level. This sudden drop in blood sugar and energy can make you irritable, tired, and thinking that you need another can of Coca-Cola.
WHAT THIS MEANS FOR YOU
It is clear that drinking Coca-Cola affects your body in far more ways than ever thought possible. One can of Coca-Cola is bad enough, as it can impact your bodily functions for up to 24 hours. But the real danger comes with regular Coca-Cola consumption.If you have a habit of drinking Coke—even just once per day—it is incredibly important to stop.
You may see the effects of this dietary choice for years or even decades to come, and no food or drink is worth that.Rather than switching to diet soda or another fizzy drink, consider making the switch to flavored water or tea. Both of these beverages boost your hydration levels without the negative health effects of Coca-Cola. | <urn:uuid:90f36b18-becc-4f71-94e8-7a4973edb829> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.thescienceofearth.com/2016/08/this-is-what-happens-one-hour-after.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281746.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00285-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947269 | 588 | 2.453125 | 2 |
Last night, I took an enormous leap of faith and took my first grader to her first poetry reading. This particular reading – part of the Iota Reading Series curated by Miles David Moore and hosted by Iota Club & Cafe in Arlington, Virginia – seemed a good fit. I promised her a brownie sundae, and packed a bag of books, paper/crayons, and other items to keep her entertained while I listened.
Poetry readings can be a wild card: profanity happens, and just about any subject can come up in a poem. When that happened last night (and it was possible to see it coming) I whispered in her ear about what she was writing/drawing/reading to distract her. I suppose at those times we could have taken a bathroom break as well. We hear “adult content” in public places anyway (just take a ride on the Metro to hear plenty of choice words, not redeemed by any possible artistic value). Explanations must be given at some point; she knows that adults sometimes drink different drinks than kids (alcohol, soda with caffeine), and make different choices (in behavior, language), so I felt I could handle whatever questions might emerge.
She loved it, and amazingly, asked when we could go to another one. Part of it was probably the brownie sundae and being out after her usual bedtime, but she also seemed to view other poets as exotic creatures (“Is she a poet? Is he a poet?”) and liked the lit-up stage and the bar stools. She paid more attention to the poetry than I’d anticipated, quoting lines back to me later, and citing particular poems (“I loved the pirate poem where they walked the plank.”). I did miss the usual moments of reflection afterwards; when my mind would normally be buzzing with the energy of the evening, I was bombarded with questions on the way home: “How did they get those lights to work? Can I get some for my room? Can I read up on the stage next time?”
She came out of the reading with a book she had written and illustrated, “Humphrey Saves the Cow,” about a heroic hamster who has to use advanced engineering skills (and tissues, string and rubber bands) to create a parachute for a cow falling from an airplane during a tornado. (Now, there’s a poem.) 🙂
One of my favorite poems by Sylvia Plath is “Child,” which illustrates the perfect vision that we all begin with:
Your clear eye is the one absolutely beautiful thing.
I want to fill it with color and ducks,
The zoo of the new
Whose name you meditate —
April snowdrop, Indian pipe,
Stalk without wrinkle,
Pool in which images
Should be grand and classical
Not this troublous
Wringing of hands, this dark
Ceiling without a star. | <urn:uuid:c711f74a-31da-4599-bd50-b9f28a05df97> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://betweengods.com/2013/04/15/kids-at-poetry-readings/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00076.warc.gz | en | 0.966874 | 620 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Image provided by: University of Oregon Libraries; Eugene, OR
About The Oregon daily journal. (Portland, Or.) 1902-1972 | View Entire Issue (Oct. 26, 1913)
. I , . ',
SQPPLY AND DEMAND
BUTTER BUGABOO IS, IS SHUVVINli INUKtASt ; V;:.
I . NOT SCARING TRADE WIJH TARIFF FACTOR 'M-M
THE OREGON SUNDAY JOURNAL, PORTLAND, SUNDAY MORNING, OCTOBER 3, 1913
' 'v .-,11.' i Si ..!. .... ' : ", ' a . ..
j Product Xot . Likely to . wcnonsiy
; Compete for American Trade 'in
1 Fresh Goods; , My. Affect Price
, of the Storage Product. 1 V
'.' By Hyman U. Cohen,
Foreign food products have been
'bugaboo that hta been held before the
American producer for some year. The
I name thin haa been held to the gase of
t the ' average consumer i godsend
1 which would lower the price of food
I prSa"?ymen Of this country ' were 're.
cently given a chill by the
inent llat Heavy 'v"".
trallan, New Zealand end South Ameri
can butter would-be broufht.to this
country and eventually would force the
Americana oat of the indaatry
Knnh tAmm are far from the ,trutn-
! The American dairymen) -eed Jntor-.
tain not tha slightest roar of 'aclngtbe
bankruptcy court on account of - any
competition that Will come in the butter
I or cream matket- While It JsUuethat
j prices prevailing in Some of the foreign
i tountrfcs have been several centa a
pound lower than the American price for
I best product, still the freight and other
I carrying charges would soon bring tne
total cost to practically tha same one
' now ruling. , t- 1
Heat Imports Affect tittle,
, . Importations of beef from - South
American sections ha ve not proven the
! success that some interests have led the
'Americana to believe. - In the first place
i the cattle of that section is of rather
poor quality compared with the modern
' cattle grown in the United States. The
1 beef there Is xf the range of ferlng, and
, there is little really good finished stuff
to be had. Compared with our cheapest
grade of cattle, which is better than the
average offerings which ara available
in South -America, the prices here are
probably as low as the stock can be ot
talned elsewhere. 1
Then again, the American consumer
rrefers not only fresh beef, but likewise
freshly churned butter. The long dis
tance that foreign beef and butter would
come would of necessity cause shippers
to place it in cold storage en route.
This alone would take It out of the fresh
product, class and place It in the storage
. column, where It belongs. . , ? '
Foreign Demand Za Heavy. ' 1
-Europe Is today taking about all the
beef and-mutton that South America
and Australia have to offer. If there is
to be tan additional demand from . the
United States It would mean that values
In both of these places would be forced
lilgher and would within a-. short time
.come to the parity Of American values.
Such a condition was' shown in (Mexico
' several years ago.: Before the advent of
Americans Into, the cattle buying of
that country, livestock could be pur
chased at much lower prices than were
in effect here, although the quality gen
erally was so poor that few i American
packers who thought anything of their
rep utatlon, would havo ; the cattle for a
gift. lAter when the demand from this
country became qui to general, there was
a sharp advance in the prica and soon
if nonared that cattle values in the
United, States anft in Mexico wets on a
TV,k iVlr. in th ITnited States wafc
not hurt by the Mexican purchases, in
rapt it advanced -atill - further. ; It was
the Mexican stock that made the great
est advance. -nt soon met ms worm
competitive value -v -
The only possible effect that the Aus
' ;tralian-New Zealand-South American
'butter can have on the American mar
ikets Is to keep the price of tlje storage
.product from ruling too high , In t the
Winter Tnonine,'-..a uin
slight bearing upon the price of fresh
If the Australian and New Zealand
butter makers Intend to do any business
in thia Mimtn, thtcr will be compelled
to abide by the pure food law. At the
present time a marked percentage .of
the outpu,t of-those countries is either
directly preserved with borlo acid or
else has a trace of It. Either would ex
clude the product from this country.
III CEREAL MARES
General Conditions Almost Stagnant
-Russian Shipments .Affect- ,
tag Wheat Trade.'
1 ? i
Paring Aanst It Was More Than
f 20,000,000 Greater Than a Tear
' Ago While Import' Were ! Less;
' Money Situation Beassnrlng.
By Henry Clews.
New Tork Banker.
Our foreign trade' In August ' snowed
an Increase or mora than sgv.wuv.uuu
over last year,, while Imports were f 1T,
000,000 less, the latter aeeuns oeing
probably due to tha tariff. Now that
tha new rates ara coming t into foree
we may expect -larger arrivals of for
sign, goods. We may also have to get
over tha fallacy, that international pros
perity depends upon an excess of mer
chandise exports; since several of the
richest countries in the woricv notamy
Great Britain, , regularly show -an ex
cess of importa All the Items of in
ternational commerce, such as freights.
commissions, securities, remittances.
etc, do not appear in tne mommy iraas
t&tnmenta: And without these an exact
knowledge of affairs is Impossible. It
must be tasen tor graniea, nowarer,
that 'foreign trade is striotly a matter
of barter, and that, in the long run it
balances Itself and is profitable or It
would not oe continues, una sausiac
tory feature in our exports ia the ateady
growth of manufactures, which now
constitute about 16 par cent of tha to
tal. This compensates for tha loss In
food products, which, because wanted
at home, only form 21 per cent of the
total. - . . , .
The home monetary situation is fairly
reassuring. .As just said, there is no
danger of a crisis such aa was antici
pated some months. ago. Business has
been slowing down Somewhat, and this,
in conjunction with the assistance af
forded by the treasury for moving the
crops, has averted ail disaster. Eu
rope, nowever, is not in as conuortaoie
a position from tha monetary point of
view as ourselves. The markets of
London, Paris and - Berlin, are still
choked by excessive new capital Is
sues. This has become ao extreme that
Tendon , bankers have'- been driven to
reach a common unders tandln g f or dis
continuing all underwriting until finan.
cial conditions improve. For example,
a recent .New zeaiana Joan ror
000.000 was a practical failure: more
than, 80 per cent being forced upon the
unaerwriiers.-aii oi tne Dig Danas or
Europe are 'now engaged in protecting
their gold Bupply, and a further advance
in the Bank of England rate is among
the early probabilities. The political
situation in Europe la clearing some
what, and there Is less anxiety concern
ing, the Balkans, but . attention is now
being diverted to the Mexican problem,
which is quite likely to receive serious
attention 'from ,the great powers 4n Eu
ropeEngland, Germany and France
all having large Investments in that
SHOWN FOR VHEAT
Chicago Trade Ia Very Small With
. Only Fractional Change' In
, the Price Yesterday,
SHOU LD ALONE ' MAKE- PRICE
A FRAIL FOUNDATION!
1 , i t !
New Drouth Resister May Prove a Big
Thing in Making This premier CbrnSection
Tnere was a generally quiet tone moat
of the week ia the cereal trade. The
nmall volume of business that ,passej
for- wheat was . scarcely sufficient to
firmly establish quotations. While mil
lers - continue to purchase practically
everything that is sold in the market,
few of them are really een to take
. hold. -
The ' ttueslan situation eontlnnes to
dominate the world's wheat trade, and
there has been no recent demand for
. cargoes from the - Pacific Northwest
The long continued lack of appreciation
of our' wheat by foreign Interests this
season is scaring some of the trade and
lew are willing to buy anything ? ex
cept for immediate needs. ,:' .?
, Thj raima craln market was nominal
during the week. Little business passed
for either oats and parley, xne ior
mef market waa generally quoted with
a. loss of 60a a ton. There was no anap
tb the trade in any quarter.
The hay situation is one of strength
especially for alfalfa and timothy.
Prices In the' former line have again
been advanced with more limited Of'
r.rint hv tha Interior. . . ,
Miflstuffs are quiet with a sagging
. A small amount of export flour
business is reported but trade generally
l n tjinrlKtill
wteElAawNomlnal producers' prices,
track fbaals: Club, 78c; . milling blue
Ptem. te8ci Turkey red, 83c; forty-fold.
7ic: red Jtussian 'ana hybrids, 7cj vai'
riAKLEx" -Nominal producers' prices,
track basis: v-.Feed,, 125.00; brewing,
$25.60 w.oo; rolled, ZB.to per ton.
OATS New, feed, 126.00 025.60; mill
. lnr I25,0 toer ton.
lLOUBrSelllns price: Patent. 14.70:
Willamette' valley, 70; local etraight
f s.tt&4.10; export. 3.658.7u; bakers',
a r.i)fio4.70. if -.
1 HAVr-Px'm!a',a' prices: Wlllametle
i 'alley timothy, fancy, in.00 14.50;
, eastern uregon-ioa.io tancy timothy.
1 t.ts, 11.00 12.00; clover,, $9.QOi310.00
i pr ton. , '
MI LLiSTUFFft -Selling price: Bran,
' Ji0.60i2i.00; middlings, tlMOOSO.00;
. bhorts, J2.602H.OOper ton.
, CLOVER SEE! Buying price: No.
1 red, country points. Vkc; fortlan
I lOe; Alatka, UCHcm1 )V , ,
Ship Jamloson ProdncU. :
' (Bpvelsl to' The Journal ) '
' Jamieson. Or.. Oct. f B.-There was
total of five rarloads of peaches shipped
from the Willow River valley this fall.
, JamifKon alon has 00 acres of fruit
. Just bout ready to bear. -
' One carload of honey was shipped
to Seattle - from here a , few davs asro.
Tw carloads of potatoes will be ready
; to whin in about a werk. Two have al
. ' ready been shipped. There will be about
; total of 10 carloads of potatoes
. !T"j.-(j rrom this vauey this ran.
' There were a'o approximately 100,000
i Vend of sheep shipped from Brogan this
Chicago, lit, Oct. 15.-The narrowest
wheat market for many days was re
corded for tha Saturday session. Bot
tom prices for the day were made in
line with a somewhat unexpected dip In
corn futures soon after the opening. An
hour later shorts in wheat were cover
ing on a slow rally, chiefly because of
a strong rebound in coarse grains, '
Early cables told of realising sales
and heaviness at Liverpool, due to Brad
street's figures and Modern Miller's re
ports from this side overnight This
action was followed by a rally, based on
active demand for wheat from the con
tinent and firmer holdings of both
Manitoba and Russian wheat. It was
noted that outside markets In this coun
try were rather, firm all day.
St Louis No. a red wheat was lo
higher and indicated a further Increase
in premiums on soft wheat there. A
l sane street leader, arter selling De
cember on tha early dip, became a good
buyer of May. taking $60,000 bushels
off the market. Northwest houses de
clare that comparison of receipts and
changes in stocks at terminal, markets
from now on will be bullish, because
the heaviest movement of spring wheat
last year was two or three weeks later
than this season. Millers took 10,000
bushels of wheat here, mostly Soring.
Tha market' was wanting in snap all
day and much of tha firmness after the
first hour was traced to. tha better sup
port In corn. ,i . i : ' , -
$ Local . bear operator . la the ' corn
market Ignored the, strong and higher
Liverpool market at tha outset . today.
Belling pressure caused the early de
cline, wtrne the pit traae was selling,
commission houses had well distributed
buvinsr orders to absorb tha oorn. .- Of
ferings i dried uo verv : suddenly and
hemed by some soeeiai sunoort from
ouii . leaaers ana acuve covering y
early short sellers, prloes advanced to
K ana. in The. way closing practically
the too. Forecast of wet and colder
weather was a bullish feature In this
trade The sample market was steady.
and shipping sales were: reported at
220,000 bushels. -
Kanae of Chtcaso oriees furnished by
Overbeck St Cooke company, 216-117
Board of Trade building.
42 ' 42
1080 ;. 19T
Oct ' .... ... ' .'
Jan. ......... 10A3 ' 1085
lUy .1070 1080
Oct 10M J060
JD- .........1060 1067 ,
May ........ .1067 , 1070
08 " .
' By Hyman H. Cohen. ' ;. '
h Corn growing in -Oregonand 'other
states of the Pacific northwest Is to
day scarcely an experiment for It has
been thoroughly demonstrated thatthe
cereal will grow to perfection It proper
care ia taken in its culture.
Tha cartoon by 3. IX Murphy Jn last
Sundays Journal which had for its text,
"Big stalks from little kernele grow;
why not plant the kerneir seems to
have bit the situation squarely, in the
Th matter of growing oorn in
Oregon.1 Idaho "And Washington Is cpnj
fined simply to planting the nroper kind
or seea, ana tas-ing cars ,y
Ki. mil other oereala Will grow
without this needed attention if tha seed
im planted, but where proper oare is giv
en the plantin la generaUya success.
iieias or so to aw iob i
per acre hays been reported from vari
ous' sections of the Paciflo northwest
and the quality of the cereal has been
eniiv tin Trt r n a r rruwn in any ui iu aw-
called corn sections of tha United States.
Hew srontn xesisxer.
There are aeveral seotloni in the Pa-
ti nnhwa thafe tiava n Ideal ell
matlo conditions for tha maturing of
corn, Tha only drawback heretofore has
been tha laok of a corn that would be
drouth resisting, i A new seed of , this
character and of. good quality has been
discovered in tha southwest and Its use
Sromlses to revolutionise the corn ' ln
ustry of tha country. Conditions in
that section are Tery iimiiai w v' "Y""
of the Inland Empire . of the Paciflo
northwest. The foflowlnsv articla from
the Forth "Worth, Texas, Star-Telegram
will -therefore be of much interest to
prospective corn growers: i
"Kaffir corn, milo maise and several
other strains . Of non-saocharina . sor
ghums or durras have been wldely Plant- i
ea ror ins pas jru w
of these may fairly be classed as drouth
reslsters, but not to tha extent that is
desired: under extreme weather condi
tions they fall, as was the case- this
year, -when millions of acres failed to
tlBfantnrtlv at atL Black hulled
white kafflr corn has been the general
favorite among tnis ciass ox oropa, oui
Its long period of growth gives too much
opportunity for the drouth and lneecta
to get It -It "waits for-the rain.' but
this year It waited-; in valn in most
? laces. Mllo tnaise Is earlier in maturl
y, and Will often get by with .a crop
of grain when kafflr cannot, but It
too, has failed when needed tha most
XHsoovered In Oklahoma. -
About four 'years ago. John Bchribar.
a German farmer residing In Garfield
county, Oklahoma, began talking about
a new grain and , forage crop whioh ha
had produced by crossing two or. throe
atralna of sorghum obtained i.from
southern Europe and northern Jndla,
while on a visit there In 1807. People
to whom he showed his maturing orop
all realised i that It poasessed . much
merit but at that time all crops were
godd, and fsw paid much attention to
the new grain. Moreover, Mr. Schriber
had hut a verr Small natch then.' hav
ing practiced careful selection of seed.
In 1812 he had an acre or two, and It
produced at the rate of about 0 bush
els per acre, while the kafflr and malse
fields yielded very poorly, in tha same
locality. From that orop he sold a few
pounds of seed each to about 80 farm
era, mostly ln; Garfield county. This
resulted in that many small, fields or
patches being planted this year, besides
two fair . Bisea neias . grown . oy mr.
Schriber. Several of these fields were
In tha Hillsdale neighborhood, about 20
miles northwest of Enid, where practl-
CORSt INTEREST HfCIlEASINa
' , , " . ' ' i-. -t '.
Interest, In corn growln is,; lo
creaslng at ail Paciflo Northwest
points.' The . fact that . corn"" will
safely mature' In many sections of
Oregon, Idaho and Washington has
been ' a big aurprise to,, many pro
ducers. . 'Seemingly' the most' im
portant thing about successful corn
growing -la to get aultable- seed.
Much' climated stock has been grown
In the Pacific Northwest during the
last few sea'sona. Yields of from 60
to ioo bushels to the acre) hare been
reported , from various . sections.
Proper care la essential to forcing
big yields. The discovery of a new
drouth resisting corn In the south
west means much to the semi-arid
lands of the Paciflo Nortnweat,'. .
OF m YORK TRADE
severe Weakness i:
'..',,.,.,"..". i., 'i.: .V ..:.u ' i 1 i. ,. "if i ': '' '''..)' 1 ' . "J "
TRADE' DURING WEEK
Stock Market Ia Irregular at .the
Opening but Slight Rise Is Forced
Later by Sulllsh Interests; Blexl
can Events Are Followetl. '
Ifsw York. Oet 2-Early irregulaj
lty In the stock market was followed
by- auiet strensth and a resumption of
bullish operations In the last half hour
Dy interests wnicn nave ueenvurouimu
with working 'for an extension of - rise.
This .was reflected by a amart upturn
but taken as a whole there was nothing
In the news of the market to account for
tne hardness. -
. Alvlnra with ree-ard to Mexico were
meager, but It was nevertheless general
ly felt that tne outcome or tne eiecuuue
scheduled for Sunday would afford a
rather fair Index aa to what may be
expected from now on. .
- AAvtnna aa tn tha state .of trade de
note that Irregularity predominates, in
most, lines ana mat tne steei ana iruu
trade Is quieter until signs become more
distinct of' a revival in the Investment
demand for obligations Wf mixed ma
turities, which, when me same. mater
ialises, will, denote a return of confi
" Range of New York prices furnished
by Overbeck A Cooke Co, 116-217 Board
of Trade building: -
OpenlHIsh Low (CloeT
FEED 1000 HEAD STEERS
Big Bunch . Goes on Alfalfav Ranch
at Jamlesont Will Be Mar
keted In Portland.
Jamteson, Or., Oct 85 One thousand
head of fine looking steers have been
plated here to pasture on the Oxman
alfalfa ranch by, the Oregon Livestock
company. Thev were forced from the
hills on the account of snow. From
here they will be shipped to Echo, where
they will be fed for the market at Port
land. About 8000 tons of alfalfa hay
has been purchased in thia. valley for
iiure leeuing, - , j
; -i . - 'j "" " )i""S ti ' w it
f 7 San Francisco Barley Oallsv .
San Francisco, Oct 25. Barley calls
. - ' Open, ', Close.
December ..;:..lSH '' 188 1
May -,k...M..,.,.146 A . 16 J
oally no rain fell during , May." June,
July and ? August v Othase '.were near
Enid, and still others were In other
paru'of the oounty. .The attention of
the editor of the Interstate Farmer was
..n.A i, thesa fielda and oatohea in
July, and the writer drove to nearly all
of them, to make, personal inspection,
and for the purpose of comparing it
with other crops, particularly fetazita,
which Is very closely resembles - so
closely as to be confused with It In
some instances. . it iuj
th(. artinio tn rfesorlba this new srraln.
which so far is only known aa "Bohriber
corn," and to give to the readers of this
paper tha results of these examinations
and comparisons. ' ,
,st neiae nature.
Bvery known field of "Schriber oorn4
planted before .July 1 haa matured a
crop, frequently right beside kafflr
and mllo malse that soored total fail
ures. In no Instance was a field or any
?art of a field of "Schriber oorn" round
o be fired, wilted or in any manner ap
parently affected by tha drouth or beat,
even though the meroury stood at 110,
hot wind was blowing, and there had
been no rain whatever since the plant
ing of the crop. Tha leaves did not curl
In midday, as do tha kafflr leaves, but
seemed as fresh and vigorous aa though
the season was good.. It appeared to
make no difference at what stag of
growth the heat caught the growing
plants, they were absolutely unaffected
By it or apparently , so. Repeated visit
to the same fields, growing under the
most trying weather condition ever ex
perienced here, proved that there was
no checking or halting on the part of
.the plants, hut they grew right on, and
matured la spite of all. The heads all
filled and' there waa a Uniformity that
was remarkable. It was1 not merely a
few favored stalks here and there that
reached maturity, but ail did so. s
talks Grow High.
The ' stalks grew between five and
six feet high usually. The heada aver
age about . eight inches long, and
nearly three inches In diameter, com
pactly Constructed. ' Soma c heada are
over tan Inches long and In a normal
season, properly planted and cultivated,
they, would undoubtedly average larger
and heavier. Tha grain Is muoh larger
and softer . than ' kafflr, almost pure
white, - and -i limited feeding tests fndl-
Aiualuiusted Cower Oo.
Americas O. Fir., a..
Amarleaa Cotton Oil, e..
AsMricaa Smelt :e..
americaa emeu, pi.
AIU. 'ABt. m IHilil .
Aaaconda aUalof Uo....
Atctilwo, pf. ..........
Baltimore A Ohl, ..,.
Brooklyn Rapid Traatlt. .
Central Leather, f...f
Central Leather. pf..i.
..... r ...
vol. a w. tv
Chicago, O. W, pf..
ViCU, At. S DC F..l
Chi. iV N. W., ..,
Chino Copper .......
Colnrada r.' A 1.. a....
Colorado Bouthera, a....
Cora Products, e......
uorn rroaucia, pi. ......
Delaware at . Hudwo..
. . . ,".-. . .
Deaver B. O., pr....
una. w iii.i.iiiMi.ii
Erie, 1st pr
General Klaetrlo ......
O, Northaro, ore laads.
Q. Northern, pf. ......
lee Securities .........
IlllnoU totrai. ........
1st MetropoUtas, e...
Int. MetropoUtas, pt.
Kaa. Olty Soothem. ..
oi., a,, a c. ..,..
M., K. Tm, pf.. ......
Missouri Paciflo .....t.
new jibtwi ........
New' Xof k Central. , . . , .
N. i., O. w.
Northern Pacific, e. ; . .
Padflc Hall cf. 8. Co..v
P. 6. L. & Co
Presaed Steel Car c....
Preased Stsel Car, pf..,.
Bay Coos, Coppar....
Heading, d pf. ........
Heading, 1st pf.. .....
Eapublle I. 8.. .......
BepubUe I. A 8.. pf. . ..
Reck Island, pf.......
Hock laland. pf.
Bt. L, 8. K. M Pf-
st. l. a a. it pf.
Bourhern Paciflo, 0....
Southern Hallway, e...
Bouthera Railway, pf . . , .
Texas A Paciflo. .......
T., St. L. W., ....
T St. U W P.
Ualoa Padf lo, e. ...... .
U. 8. Habber, e.........
U. B. Btsei uo., a......
. . I
utan vwpper ...........
Virginia uienucai. ......
Wabash, e. - ........
W. U. TaUgraph.......
Wlseonaln Central, e,
a so (
With Not Scotlan Season at Height
' ' Enrope Will Secure Its Full "
(1 't fteonireinenta. - M
Indlcatlona ara present which would
tend to cause a alight lowering of apple
prices abroad during the next few
weeks. Nova Scotia is now In the midst
of Its heavy shipping season, and as the
bulk of these apples go. to Europe, thia
will- have a direct effect pon the mar
katlnar and nrica of apples abroad. , r S
One of 'the real good features of this
is that it is not likely; that the Nova
KKnii.n ataason will extend mora than
a. month. This therefore will leave tha
bulk of the holiday traae for the Amer
ican offerings. - '
Roiant Mim in the apple market at
Pacific Northwest points, indicate cau.
lion on the part of buyers. . While
some high priced transactions have been
nnted for anerlal account and for es
tablished brands, still there has been
little tendency to take hold of ordinary
offerings-with the exception of Jona.
thans. Jn this variety there baa been
eate that US value in that respect Is
high. . It tests upwards of 80 pounds
to tha meaaured bushel. The rstalks
and leavea are all greedily, eaten by
horses and cattle. - . .
Part of the stalks branch from - the
Joints, and each branoh produoes a
head, smaller than the main head, but
all mature the same also grains. The
root system is slight' and the roou
nnimntlT An not run rieeo. ,
ft so happened that all tha "Bohriber
corn"' In existence waa planted la tha
region of the greatest drouth, and thus
th moat severe test possible was given
It r ) ' ; f
Waver Aarala Siaoovarad.
' lis order to establish tho identity of
this new grain and fix Its classification,
sample heads were sent to the depart
ment of agriculture at Washington and
to several states' experiment stations.
With one exception, all these authorities
state that it Is botanically different
from feterita, or from any of tha known
crops. To the ordinary " observer, tha
frlncipal difference between known fe
erita and "Schriber corn" la that the
latter la muoh more vigorous ana uni
form in growth. Choicer heads from
feterita fields compare favorably With
heads from ''Schriber corn fields, but
In no - circumstance under , observation
was the average yield or aBpearance of
a known ' feterita r field equal to the
other. On the Garfield county state dem
onstration farm, near Enid, the feterita
grew on after the kafflr and mllo died,
but i did i; not : -mature properly, ? while
"Schriber corn" a mile nortn, ana an
other field a '-mile south, -under exactly
tha same conditions,, matured perfectly.
At the aame time, there were a few
large, well filled .heads In the feterita
field. This same difference was quite
generally noted in practically an oi tne
comparisons made. . ,
i etertta is a comparatively new grain
that has made a fine record as a drouth
resister and grain producer the past
few rears. . It is becoming fairly well
known, and. as statedw&bove. Its appear
ance la substantially the same as Bcnn-;;---r-i-j, nt. MP cent
bar corn.", .a O. Churchill, agronomist W;74"? SlSf.?i7
at the .Oklahoma experiment station. I
Leo that "the feterita. seed scoured i
end grown In this country! waa of great
variation in its ootanicai cnaracter, ana
In 'several other respects. " The glumes
or chaff may be black, reddish, pinkish
br white, ana may Do smootn or suzsy."
Mr. Cburohill evidently uses thei word
"feterita? as a general term, and classes
under It Several types, Including "Schri
ber corn." This view Is not. concurred
in by the other authorities consulted.
R. v. Edwards, Mtrperintendent of the
United States experiment station at Chil
llcothe, Texas, ahd 11. B. Rothgeb, sol
entlfio assistant government experiment
farm at Amarlllo, Texas, pronounces thg
samples submitted to them different
from feterita, and class them aa hybrids,
aa does Professor Leldlgh of tha Kansas
station, ' ' -
' ' Premier "Drouth Beslstar, '
' But whatever its botanical classifica
tion, "Schriber corn" has In this ex
treme year universally proved - that it
la the premier drouth resister. Of this
there is not the slightest room for doubt
It haa Droduced at tho rata of IS to 40
bushels per acre, on thin land, without
one cultivation, and practically without
rain conditions under v which kafflr,
mllo, cotton and ether crops have wholly
failed. There are hundreds of reputable
eye witnesses to these facts. One field
grown by N. P. Hill yielded a trifle
over -B9 bushela , of cured ' grain, by
weight" per' aore. This waa on good
land an old alfalfa field but In. tha
drouth section. I
Total sales 78,000 hara.
North Tort land Market Ia Severely
', Lower la Both tdnesj Drop In
, Swine About 60 Cents, but North,
Portland Is Still Highest, ,
' PORTLAND LIVESTOCK BTJW
ending ' Hogs. Cattle.Calves.Sheepk
Oct is 8507 ' 2000
Oct 25 660 '" 1862
Oct. 11 ,.... 8867- 989
Oct 4 8855 , 1291
Sept 27 S3HJ ' 1634
Year ago. ti. . 487S . 1 996
9. years ago S109 AZU
-. ' JBy Xlymau II. Cohen. ,
." This has been a very eventful week 4
in tha local livestock trade.- Weakness' ;;
of a rather severe character. et in both
the swine and cattle) trade and the
outlook for tha immediate future , in
both lines ia far from the best -
There was quit a liberal increase in
tha marketing of hogs at North Port
lnnd during the wouk. Prloes showed
strength at one time With sales rather
higher. Then values began to strike the ;
toboggan and every shipment seemed -to
add to the weakness in the trade,
until the total drop tot tha week ag
Notwithstanding this rather heavy
loss In the price, here. North Portland
continues as the highest market ' for ,:
hogs In the entire country. The best -figures
available at any point in the
east stand no higher than $8.28: there
fore local values at the closing of the
week were a dime above the bast obtain
- While this differential is the small-'
est that has existed between the trade !
here and In the east for some time,
still It Is fully what can be expeoted.
There appears no very rood reason at '.
this time 'why prloea here, should ba
above a basis where stock can be ob-
talned elsewhere. At competing centers ;
it is a walkaway for North Portland to
take supplies from ether sections,- be
cause the net - returns to shippers ara .
better. - . f -
General hog market rangei
Top killers ....(.. .' . t-la .
Good and light ........ 8.15
Heavy .... . 8.10 8.18 ,
Bough and heavy.... ...... 7.607.76
4, Cattle Weakness Intense,- -'
Weakness tn the cattle trade at North1
Portland was Intense for the last six"
days. There was a fractional decrease
in: the run as compared with the prev
ious week, but klilora had -more than
their requirements, therefore took a leas
hopeful view of prices.
Perhaps an influence of weakness In
the local trade was the bringing of A (
carload of Auatrallan fro sen beef to tha
tra.de heaji by a local meat company.
This Was t&a first shipment of foreign !
stuff to be received here, but from what :
Is heard among the retail interests, the
shipment was by no means the grand
success that - some believed It would :
be. While the Australian stock arrived
in a good condition, the faot that It
was froxen and that the trad here had "
little if anv facUlUes for the handling
of meat la suoh condition, the experi
ment may prove a boomerang; to those
that have all along believed that the
Araerioan cattle market was going to
tho bow wows as soon as the tariff was
taken off,' . . 4
General cattle market range:
Best ateera ... ...-.$ 7.8 S7.S5
HOP MARKET IS SICK v
WITH PRICES LOWERED
V " . . . ' ' i - A.
Sales Made Down to 20 Cents "With
Short Coveringj Buyers Ajt ; 1
1 Afraid to Purchase. .' '.,'''
The hop market
is sick. Tha nrtne
to 20o a nound for best
offerings." Business of a' limited na
ture Is shown at this figure for the
aooount of short sellers wjio ara cover
ing. 1 Foreign Interests are entirely out
of the market and no recent cables tell
ing of European conditions have . been
received here... w 'K-':?.'. . i.'t-i '-.
.American brewers have been quite fair
buyers recently, but everyone seems to
be holding off at the moment in the
fear that they would offer more than
ttie goods could-ba purchased the next
24 hours. J
rather, liberal business offering but the
bulk- of .the stocks have already been
clemed up. . . ' -
The rail for Enltzenburr has : bean
dlsnppolnting In the extreme but most
noiaers are asatng xuu prices.
Money and Exchange.
London, Oct 15-Consols, 71dj ell
York. Oct IB. Sterling exohange
long, M.82t short, !.. , Silver bul
lion, 80c. ' ' ' " '
-nan Franotsco. Oct 28. Sterling 'ex
change Sixty days, 4.80i sight 14.86;
documentary, 14.79 T4. Transfers Tele-
graphlo, IV per oentj signt, i par cent
TJnited States Government Bond.'
New Tork. Oot' 25. - Government
bondsi . . ,-..' . - , ' ,
' 1 sua, - , ask.
registered 17 M
do oounon ......,.... 97 ', .99
Threes registered ....10J14
io coupon ,..,!;
Fours registered .i(....,,.H0
s" ' MBMBBBg ' "Y " '
' NEW TOKK STOCK EXCttANCM .
NEW TORK COTTON EXCHANGJB
r- riiminn ttrtATin OV TRADB
THS STOCK AN1 BOND EXCHANGB
089 Oak Oronnd lloor, Xiewis Bldg,
. -, raoias jnuuaiiau vuv. ' Tn.
Ordinary steers ...,,..,,
poor steers ,j.i.m-mm
Best hel f era -. '
Best cows 7 '
Medium co Ws .v..
Ordinary bulls ..... . 4.80 6.00
Fancy stags ................a.. 6.65
fancy nuns .... ......
Prima light calves, . 8.809.00
Prime heavy O.607,60
' - Bheep Wanes Very nrnt
There was a very heavy decrease in
the marketing of mutton in the North
Portland market during tha week. Be- ,
celpts were but 2668 head, compared
(Continued. ' on Following Page).
a sat Sea
mmm ' aatUns ' '
tram NSW YORK
ha are nnuTfce snira tmmm asa.
anvld'a m waadwa. an ar SrllM Mai 4mm, aha
Mlatane lhaaa Miw-
vithooa ebcun a eata, aiililna)
AiisjL Lmn. Modtm. Tui-Scm9 SttOMtn
Cnneronla, Cciornla, Caledonia, Cotaniia
TUSCANIA, 14,000 tons, (Building) -;
v.'".' wm4 wH Wlralm WiainliK mi Blsra ! urn
it tbawlu Bonaa, LountfM, Bmokxag Hula. OlilmUaSa ,
. . . tamkwlr Apvalutod Uilue ao inoal OaHa.
tnasrpausi TOM Clin FuRr Fornlhsa-Uw Idea
Sjaa Im i i hil iiaiila ml laialllai nf I. 4 aart f iaaa, ',
asooao passaos bays, is hours) '
IJeclltcrraiiean Service from New-York
First Cabin Fasssso to Rapist $69 and ft
Third Class a! Very Low Rates.
Aaaker Una Drafts Payable Free at ensise
,, tr Bwfc ml Tom. ,,a. awr a
' ' afSWOBRaOff BSOTMBIRS.oannA j
gg W. aartolpli at. S. S. Oor. O.ai aarw. t stasger
u. - - g. s. ut-LSSSO, asatle Waa. y :
COOS BAYLINE .
, Steamship Breakwater ': - .,
ails from Alnaworth deck, Portland, at a ,
p. so.,v erery Tueadny evening. Ireiitbt rs
eelved nntll 12 o'clock tnoon) oa ealUos day. .
Passenfar fare: ' Flnt elaas 10, second elaae .
(mea onlj) 7, lncludlns bertn sod aoeala. Tlok- '' ,.
et office at lower Alnawettb dock. Portland A
Ceos Bay Steamship Una. Phenee Mila 8000), '
A-SSSa. lu B. KeaUog, Agant '
Gem State Overloading Trade tn Its
; AnrJrty to lt Go; snipping '
CUQ la Iirnlted. '
' The present weakness in the potato
market so far as shipping stock Is con
cerned, is the direct result of the very
liberal offering by Idaho, which is soil
ing at extremely pw prices In order, to
unload. ' ' , ' ' '
-Were it not' for this 1 extraordinary
heavy offering by the tlm state there
is little doubt that not'only would bet
ter prloes be iln affect today,, hut -the
trend of the trado would be stronger
and the market Itself In healthy con
dition. At the. moment the weakness In the
markets east of the Bockles is rather
severe. 8o great have been the otfer
ings at Arlsona end Texas points that
most of tho shipments in that direction
have been relented upon receipt because
other shipments could be purcluised
from unwilling holiiura at less money.
Charter Not 4J14 x ;
THE UNITED STATES
NATIONAL BANK ,
OF PORTLAND, OREGON
Submitted to tho Comptroller of tha Currency at tho Close of Builnesi
"W 4 W ' f ' October at, I91S. , r Hv
"totns and -Dls- ' :NV !"
' l3f, . Bonds tt -
; v par t.ttSooo.oo
Municipal and Ry ,
' Bank Building. . . 125,000.00
''Cash 'and Ix-, ' ,' y j'"
change ...... 4,706,027.13;
Total 14,262,390. 14
' ' j,' ,n '( LUSlU'nES, m'v ',
Capital .. i . , , )$ ; 1,000,000.00 ,:'
Undivided Proflta ' 182,948.44 , | <urn:uuid:cd427405-0c20-4a0e-8650-1a200ee253ec> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://oregonnews.uoregon.edu/lccn/sn85042444/1913-10-26/ed-1/seq-19/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00468.warc.gz | en | 0.853169 | 11,596 | 1.640625 | 2 |
Client: Randwick City Council
Author: Dr Sue Rosen
One of Dr Sue Rosen's favourite projects in 2020 was a Heritage Assessment of ANZAC Parade, commissioned by Randwick City Council.
The project developed out of Council’s 2017 resolution to ‘…endeavour to restore and recreate the ANZAC Parade corridor as intended…’ with the overall aim of restoration, recreation and presentation of Anzac Parade as a significant memorial route.
100 years earlier, in 1917, the Anzac Memorial Obelisk was constructed at the head of Randwick Road which had been widened and beautified with a flower bed running down the centre through the Moore Park precinct by Sydney City Council. The thoroughfare was renamed ‘Anzac Parade’, and the Anzac Memorial Obelisk was dedicated to honour the ANZACs in the aftermath of the Gallipoli campaign and the then ongoing conflict of WWI.
Through her extensive research, Sue uncovered a whole host of defence-related places associated with ANZAC parade which added to the memorial’s significance and complexity within its context.
Such memorials symbolise and evoke responses to deep community feelings of respect, sadness and loss, and pride concerning the conflicts commemorated so prolifically along the route of Anzac Parade. Such memorials along ANZAC parade have evolved from, and became associated with, defence and strategy often through pressing need in a time of crisis. Some were planned as functioning facilities and constructed in a relatively leisurely fashion. Many had ‘other lives’, such as showgrounds and racecourses, and adaptation and responsiveness are at the core of military memorials of all types. | <urn:uuid:eb8b8245-f457-4fc9-b88a-c54164053040> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://suerosenassociates.com/reports/anzac-parade-heritage-assessment-a-military-themed-cultural-route | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00668.warc.gz | en | 0.966631 | 344 | 1.945313 | 2 |
By Covenant, Not Contract
Thus says the LORD, the King of Israel and his Redeemer, the LORD of hosts: “I am the first and I am the last; besides me there is no god. Who is like me? Let him proclaim it. Let him declare and set it before me, since I appointed an ancient people. Let them declare what is to come, and what will happen. Fear not, nor be afraid; have I not told you from of old and declared it? And you are my witnesses! Is there a God besides me? There is no Rock; I know not any” (Isaiah 44:6-8, ESV).
Prophets like Isaiah were all about being God’s spokesmen. They often began statements with, “Thus says the LORD.” And in the Bible, “LORD” is the title for God as a covenant God.
We have a covenant relationship with God—one that is not contingent upon our conduct—because that’s what He decided. He is the covenant-making-and-keeping God. He is not a contract God, and the difference has eternal significance.
Imagine you have an appointment with a dentist and decide not to keep it. When the dentist finds out, he won’t give you another thought and will just go on to the next patient. Or if you make a deal to sell your house, but suddenly your buyer walks away—the relationship is over. That’s how contracts work.
A covenant is not a contract. When the Bible reveals God as a covenant God, it means He has entered into a relationship that cannot be changed by your behavior.
If God was a contract God, when you act incorrectly or live sinfully the contract would be broken. But a covenant is a relationship that's not dependent on the performance of one of the parties. Instead, all the responsibility lies with the one participant who can keep the covenant—in this case, God Himself.
If you’re saved by faith in His Son Jesus, God says, I’m making a covenant commitment to you. I’m entering into a relationship with you that you can’t mess up in any way.
The prophet Isaiah understood this—he described God's covenant relationship with us as being like a mother’s love for her newborn child (Isaiah 49:15). If you’re a parent and your child fails to obey or do something you ask of them, does it end the relationship? Absolutely not. While failures may hurt fellowship, they don’t destroy covenant relationship.
God has declared His unchanging partnership with His children through a covenant. You are in relationship with One who is like no other, anywhere, anytime! Because of His covenant love, God will forgive you in His mercy and satisfy you with His kindness. His life in you can bring an absolute delight that you will never find apart from Him.
Even though you may stumble many times and in many ways (James 3:2), “Fear not.” Our God is the ultimate covenant keeper.
When was the last time you let your performance dictate the closeness of your relationship with the Lord?
Do you believe God loves you no more on your good days and no less on your bad days? How can you strengthen your faith in His covenant-keeping character?
Covenant-keeping Lord, how glad I am to be in Your presence, boldly coming to the throne of grace to receive what You have for me today. There are needs to mention and gratitude to express, but I know You have drawn me close to simply experience covenant with You. Your grace is so amazing! Though I am unworthy, You welcome me as Your child and assure me of Your love. I am eternally grateful You are the covenant-keeping God! In Jesus’ name I pray, Amen. | <urn:uuid:f8d56460-3337-4e01-b246-1384dd322a91> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.christianity.com/devotionals/our-journey-online/our-journey-online-september-22-2014.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719041.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00169-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96194 | 806 | 1.875 | 2 |
| || || |
| Peppermint or Spearmint? |
Answered by: Inge Poot
Question from: Irene Salinas
Posted on: November 10, 2005
I have a plant growing but, don’t know which it is: peppermint or spearmint? I trimmed it last night and noticed it had long bunches of tiny lavander flowers. Can you help me know what kind it is?
True spearmint, Mentha spicata has long branched, slender inflorescences at the tops of the plant. The leaves are pointy and quite narrow. Peppermint looks more like its Mentha aquatica parent with fairly wide leaves and unbranched, much wider inflorescences. It would be much easier to tell them apart if you had both varieties growing in your garden, because peppermint is much sweeter in scent than spearmint.
An added complication is that there are so many hybrids around that unless you know that you have either one of these two varieties you might have one of the other types that are a mixture of characters and could well look like one but taste like the other. For example, Austrian mint is rather similar to water mint and peppermint in appearance, but has more of a spearmint flavour.
I would suggest that you buy a bunch of fresh spearmint or peppermint in the grocery store and compare the taste to that of your plant. You can then decide how to use your plant. | <urn:uuid:d85e7875-d87e-4455-87c5-9e0c5481de9c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.richters.com/show.cgi?page=QandA/Growing/20051110-1.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571987.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813202507-20220813232507-00277.warc.gz | en | 0.965356 | 318 | 2.1875 | 2 |
Hydraulic System Care – A 10-Point Weekly Checklist
Hydraulic system maintenance is a critical component to ensure your machinery stays in top working order. Basic system maintenance can help you avoid an untimely and expensive breakdown. Here’s a quick basic checklist that you should be familiar with.
10 Point Check: Any operator responsible for hydraulic system maintenance should, at minimum, perform the following 10 point checklist as part of a weekly “quick scan” of every hydraulic system.
- Check fluid levels. Add hydraulic fluid as needed (if needed). Not all hydraulic fluids are the same, DO NOT MIX OILS! Use the same oil brand and viscosity grade that is specified.
- Inspect breather caps, breather filters, and fill screens — DO NOT punch holes in screens in order to expedite adding oil as this may allow contaminants into your system.
- Check filter indicators and/or pressure differential gauges. Immediately replace any that show signs of wear or other negative indications.
- Visually inspect all system hoses, pipes, pipe connections for leaks, frays, bubbling, or chaffing spots. Hydraulic fluid leakage is a common problem for industrial systems. Excessive leakage is an environmental and safety hazard, increases waste streams and oil consumption, and, if ignored, can reduce the system capacity enough to overheat and slow normal system operation. Further, leakage is often an indication of seal wear or other compromise associated with impending failure.
- Check system temperature via built-in thermometers or hand-held infrared detectors. Normal temperature range for most systems is 110-140ºF but may vary. If temperatures are high, check fluid quantity, cooler operation, and relief valve settings.
- Visually inspect the inside of the reservoir for signs of aeration (via the fill hole using a flashlight). Aeration is a condition in which discrete bubbles of air are carried along in the stream of oil as it enters the pump. Visual signs of aeration in the reservoir are generally foaming and/or little whirlpools taking small gulps of air into the suction strainer. Causes of aeration include: low fluid levels; air leaks in the suction line, low fluid temperature, fluid too viscous to release air or maintain suction at the pump, or faulty shaft seals. When air leaks are suspected on the suction line, smothering these points with oil will usually pinpoint the leaks by creating a marked change in pump noise. A pump ingesting air sounds as if it were gargling marbles.
- Listen to pumps for the signs of cavitation. Cavitation is slightly more complicated than aeration, but has some similarities. Cavitation occurs when air is released from the hydraulic oil during momentary depressurization at the pump suction and then implodes onto metal surfaces upon discharge. These implosions are extremely destructive to pump surfaces. A cavitating pump will emit a high-pitched whine or scream. Causes of cavitation are the same as those of aeration with the exception of suction side air leaks. How do you discern aeration from cavitation? One way is to install a vacuum gauge on the suction side and make sure the pressure is equal to or greater than that prescribed by the pump manufacturer. Foaming in the reservoir is usually the telltale sign of aeration.
- Inspect a small sample of fluid for color, debris, and odor. Keep in mind that visual inspection is limited in that it will only detect signs of excess contamination.
- Scan electrically controlled servo valves with an infrared thermometer. High valve and solenoid temperatures (over 150ºF) usually indicate the valve is sticking or bypassing. Sluggish operation and violent system “jerking” around valves is a sign of possible contamination.
- Scan the electric drive motor for housing hot spots and rotor bearing temperatures using an infrared thermometer. Any such finds and the system should be immediately tagged out and serviced.
These basic tips will help keep your hydraulic system in top operational shape and reduce chances of untimely and expensive breakdowns. | <urn:uuid:474e8b26-a801-4c9a-8f05-2558e2b5611a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.coastalhydraulics.net/test-post/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00474.warc.gz | en | 0.910246 | 852 | 2.109375 | 2 |
If you are planning to leave South Africa or have already left South Africa, there are key financial factors to consider in order to minimize tax obligations. William Louw, South African Tax Director at Emigration Specialist Sable International talks to BizNews, about how to navigate South Africa’s delicate tax system. – Jackie Cameron
William Louw on the current tax scenarios he is currently seeing:
One of the common things I see is that a lot of South Africans have left without informing SARS of their changing tax status and that can have a ripple effect. We’re also finding that many more people are planning the tax exit, which means they can then plan what taxes to pay and make sure they have the cash they need. There are also quite a few South Africans coming back, who then have to decide what to do and how to value their assets coming back into the South African tax net.
On problems related to tax obligations when working abroad:
What you need to understand is that while you are a South African tax resident, you are paying taxes on your worldwide income. You are liable for capital gains tax on your worldwide assets. As a non-tax resident in South Africa, you are only liable for taxes on your income of South African origin and your assets of South African origin. There is a twofold change here – one being income streams and the other being capital assets subject to tax in South Africa.
Because SARS loses its tax rights on your assets the moment you change your tax status, SARS considers that you are selling your global assets from your own local to your foreign self, triggering capital gains before you leave. the South African tax net. This is usually the biggest risk for people who don’t plan properly.
Certain assets are specifically excluded because they are still considered a South African source or do not trigger a tax event. South African property, because it cannot leave South Africa, is still subject to South African tax. As such, it does not trigger any tax when you change your tax status. When you sell it at the end, then you will pay your taxes at that time.
When moving offshore:
You should get tax advice from both countries, to make sure you understand what happens when you enter tax jurisdiction and what happens when you exit tax jurisdiction. One of the key factors is that the South African capital gains tax works slightly differently than many other countries. In other countries, this is often a fixed rate that you pay based on the capital gain. However, in South Africa what happens is that part of the capital gain is added to your normal taxable income in that tax year.
If you don’t plan properly and leave towards the end of the South African tax year, then you will add your capital gains tax on top of any income you earned for the year. full – which could represent 11 months of salary. Then you pay a higher tax rate because in South Africa you go from 18% to a maximum of 45%. If you go at the start of a South African tax year, you usually have very little South African income, which means that when you add capital gains tax to that, you find that the Tax is much more acceptable and easier to manage, which means you don’t have as much of a cash flow problem.
You should also be aware that if you have to pay tax on the change in your tax status, that tax is often due before you actually change your tax status – which is a tax burden that you should plan for and be prepared to. pay immediately. . If you don’t pay it and then file your income tax return, SARS is allowed to charge penalties for late submission and late payment of taxes – which you don’t want to do.
When emigrating to retirement:
It can be just as complex. Another thing that needs to be tossed into the mix for someone like that is that they may have retirement pensions or the like in South Africa – which they have already converted into a living annuity. Once it is in a living annuity it should always be paid like that from South Africa. These living annuities are controlled, in large part, by a double taxation agreement – how countries can tax them. For the UK, if you receive an annuity from a South African source, you must exempt it from South African tax, as you are only supposed to pay tax in the UK.
Then in South Africa you have to apply for an exemption every year with SARS and you have to file a tax return every year with SARS. It takes extra work, even if you’ve been away from South Africa for 10 or 15 years – you could continue to do so for the rest of your life. If you have significant savings and planning like this, we recommend that you speak to a wealth management team like ours so they can plan what to do with it. One of the main things our wealth team could help you with is trying to convert your retirement annuity to a foreign currency base so that it is easier to monitor the security of your capital base rather than the volatility of the South African rand.
On the complicated scenarios facing South Africans:
One of the most complicated scenarios where the family unit begins to move. Often in South Africa it is difficult for a white man to find work, especially when he is older. The family doesn’t necessarily want to leave the country, which means if he goes abroad to earn an income his tax status might not have changed – even if he can spend a week or two in South Africa – because his family is still there.
He returns the funds, making it difficult for tax residency – and he’s likely to be a South African tax resident. If so, then he is sitting with a potential problem. The other problem that is often a problem for South Africans is when they are working on boats in the Mediterranean or the Caribbean, and they are on a private charter which is not rented by the owners. to third parties. Then that income stream is exempt from South Africa and everything is pulled into the South African tax net. Many of these people don’t like to hear this news.
* This podcast is proudly brought to you by Sable International.
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Martial arts can help your child grow, not only as a martial artist but also as a person. We see it first-hand on a regular basis with both our adult and child students. The impact it has on children is particularly important because the skills and benefits they acquire through martial arts help them greatly during their formative years, potentially setting the blueprint for the person they’ll grow into.
Here are 5 ways kids martial arts will help your child grow:
1. Self-Confidence – As your child grows in skill in their martial art of choice, their self-confidence will get a big boost as well. The belt system is a reflection of the hard work they put in; acquiring knowledge and applying it. The public recognition they get from their peers at a belt ceremony is very exciting and gives them the satisfaction of repeatedly setting goals and working hard to achieve them. This occurs with every belt promotion they receive.
2. Discipline. – Kids martial arts teaches your child the value of coming to class even when they don’t feel like it. While it’s a fun atmosphere, there’s also a list of strict rules and protocols that must be followed inside the gym in order to create a safe and respectful environment. This structure is a model that kids will have to follow throughout their lives, at home, school and eventually work.
3. Fitness – With the rise in the use of smartphones, video games, tablets and Netflix, childhood obesity and diabetes have become a global epidemic. Martial arts will not only help your child build muscular endurance and burn fat but also increase cardiovascular endurance. This is where kids martial arts has some advantages over team sports because they’re engaged in physical activity throughout the class regardless of skill level, whereas in team sports many children end up sitting on the bench because of the limited number of spots available in the game at any one time.
4. Social skills – Generally, kids martial arts classes consist of some type of calisthenics warm-up, followed by a technique lesson and some kind of sparring or game based on the techniques they’ve been taught. During these activities, your child will be paired with different partners that they will work together within order to drill the technique of the day. Working together to accomplish a common goal in addition to being in regular contact with the same faces every week helps build strong bonds and friendships that transcend the confines of the gym environment. It’s very common to see new students be shy and reserved at the beginning only to be excited to see all their new friends at the gym a short time later after they become more comfortable.
5. Humility – In martial arts, everyone is going to lose on a regular basis. Just as being successful in a tournament or sparring has the effect of boosting your child’s self-confidence, everyone no matter the skill level, will also lose and this has the effect of teaching humility. In the gym, losing is extremely common regardless of skill level or athletic prowess and the normal reaction is to shake hands, say “good job” and go back at it. This teaches your child that not everything will go their way in life and the value of getting back on the horse and trying again. | <urn:uuid:e8d0675e-f44e-4e68-93fc-3e77b070ddc3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://attftl.com/2019/07/29/martial-arts-offers-kids-a-chance-to-grow-personally/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00075.warc.gz | en | 0.967516 | 663 | 2.765625 | 3 |
When Yevtushenko and Voznesensky began to tour the world in the 1960s, they entered the Western imagination as more than celebrities. Perhaps only Allen Ginsberg came close to achieving a comparable effect, and saying as much suggests one reason for a certain unease in present-day assessments of these writers. The preference for poetry that lives in words on the page, without the benefit of voice and presence, has once again reasserted itself. There are other reasons for one’s unease, however. The most important of these, suspicion of Russian poets who are not seen to oppose the regime, was given expression in this journal by Clive James some years ago,1 and continues to be widely felt; hence no doubt the stress the editors of this volume lay upon poems such as “The Driver,” in which the Caesar hailed in Soviet Georgia is clearly Stalin. Other responses are to do with our perception of what is acceptable poetry in translation.
It is hard to live anywhere close to the centers of privilege with clean hands, and while the threats and temptations of Soviet society are incomparably greater, the charges Leonid Borodin makes against the Moscow intelligentsia in his novel Partings are not so easily repudiated in the West: “The intellectual’s constitution…permits only one object of worship—himself.” It is at this level of self-examination that Andrei Voznesensky’s finest lyrics ask to be considered. Voznesensky, with Bella Akhmadulina, was among the most centrally placed of Glavlit, or union, writers to take part in the publication of the short-lived literary paper Metropol. A Lenin Prize winner, with an enormous popular following, he was attracted to the idea of helping good writers not accepted by official unions to publish alongside established literary figures. He was also a friend of Aksyonov, Yevgenia Ginsburg’s son, who was one of Metropol’s leading spirits. Of the twenty-three contributors, fourteen were members of Party unions in good standing; of these fourteen, predictably, the least celebrated writers suffered most when Metropol was banned. Voznesensky and Akhmadulina continued to enjoy a very high reputation, and it was Aksyonov who went into exile. The most significant idea in the lyrics of Voznesensky to be included in Metropol, an ironic questioning of the desirability of taking man as the measure of all things, runs throughout his Selected Poetry.
A bitterness in this questioning makes him an altogether less ebulliently personal writer than Yevtushenko. “We’ve lived shamefully. Pettily,” he writes in “A Conversation in Rome.” Perhaps for this reason, it is language rather than thought or feeling that has dominated his responses. Throughout the extremely varied poems in his Selected Poetry, we are always conscious of the literature of the past. We can hear echoes of Paul Eluard and García Lorca alongside early Mayakovsky, and unmistakable notes of Whitman:
I exalt what is common.
I discover, wheezing,
Perhaps it is in the freshness of his impressions of America that we are most conscious of Voznesensky’s experience of the present, but that is a matter to which I shall return. He can write equally movingly of a hare crying out before death or a girl freezing in a telephone booth, huddled in her flimsy coat, her face stained by tears:
It is the start of winter glittering on her cheek,
the first frost of having been hurt.
He enjoys the conceptually fanciful, and is for that reason intrigued by bizarre lives that can generate fanciful imagery. Where he writes about an Amazonian motorcyclist riding around a “Wall of Death,” of the kind used in the Moscow circus, what interests him is her “longing/ for the horizontal” as “her orbit whirls her round the wall.” The absurd thought occurs to him that
It’s the plight
only of vestal virgin and suburbanite
to live vertical and upright.
He takes a sharply sensual pleasure in visions of extremity: a czar’s wife’s head, cut off by her husband’s ax, is held up like a red-topped turnip root. We are asked to smell borscht and peas as the czar is rocked by the passion that speaks from her dead lips. At his best, the everyday world is transfigured by resemblances that demand no further explanation, as when he sees the floor of a garage as a “trout’s back stippled with light.”
In what I believe is a mistaken attempt to secure dissident status for Voznesensky, the editors severely restrict the meanings of certain poems such as “Old Song,” written for George Dzhagarov. (“Who can doubt,” the editors write, “that in ‘Old Song,’ although he is referring to Turkish janissaries, he is in reality writing eloquently of his revulsion at the Soviet occupation of Czechoslovakia.”) The references in “The Driver” are another matter. It seems entirely plausible that a hitchhiker in Soviet Georgia would challenge a youngster with a picture of Stalin displayed on his truck’s windshield because Stalin remained a favorite son in his native state in spite of everything he had done to the local peasantry. “What do you really know about Caesar, kid?” he asks. In the mind of the poet the statues of those whom Stalin killed, and those who killed themselves, lean toward the truck and follow its progress. It is a line that is not likely to pose many questions, except in the mind of an English reader, priggishly disturbed by the Americanism.
The translations in this book are in general extraordinarily good. Voznesensky has attracted a very high caliber of translator: notably W.H. Auden, Stanley Kunitz, and Richard Wilbur. The reason for this is clear. Voznesensky’s poetry, even in literal versions, remains highly metaphorical, dazzling. Yevtushenko, in contrast, is at his best using a very spare colloquial Russian, whose purity is a translator’s nightmare. With Voznesensky the loss is subtler. The poems are often produced by a pattern of sounds that suggest and lead the sense, and the translator without such a thread can be lost. A famous example of that thread being caught and held with near genius is to be found in the early poem “I Am Goya,” where the words for “grief,” “hunger,” and “gullet,” miraculously assonant in Russian, are charged with something of the same inevitability in Stanley Kunitz’s version.
Some of the poems here are so musically translated that we accept the pleasure instantly. I am thinking now of the poem for Robert Lowell, “Family Graveyard,” somewhat broadly translated by William Jay Smith and Fred Starr:
How is it, Robert, there in your wild land?
Within us we all bear our family graves;
How can we name the heart of sor- row’s flower
As it races past us through dark cosmic waves?
Here on the stone the name that you once had rests like discarded clothes.
The translations of Richard Wilbur are remarkably felicitous throughout, sometimes indeed finding rhymes and neatness not there in the original, as in “Anti-worlds,” which is a tour de force:
But Anti-Bukáshkin’s dreams are the color
Of blotting paper, and couldn’t be duller.
W.H. Auden’s effortless command of rhyme similarly enabled him to deal with the excitement of the opening section of “Parabolic Ballad,” so that the sounds of his English version make a detour comparable to the Russian.
Ironically, a reader of this volume faces as much difficulty in making the transition from the Sixties to the present day as from Russian to English. I’ve already spoken of Voznesensky’s eager seizing upon his experiences in the West, and particularly those in the United States. It is a problem. Yevtushenko, essentially, brought the Soviet Union to us. He spoke for Russia, perhaps even Siberia—in any case for a peasant world. Voznesensky seems instead to have been ensnared by his observation of the details of our style and behavior. As a result many of these poems express the thoughts and occasionally the slogans of an age—the Sixties—that has gone, one we observe more coolly because we can place it even as we may regret its innocence.
Of Voznesensky’s poems in this vein, one of the most telling is “American Buttons,” translated here with some verve by Lawrence Ferlinghetti. The word button for a bell to be pressed for admission is exotic in Russian, and perhaps for that reason it leads Voznesensky to explore assonances that leave Ferlinghetti with a trail of much less evocative associations. What Voznesensky is doing is making a game out of American references, and teasing his Russian readers with their strangeness. He is taking the world of Allen Ginsberg and hippie slogans back to the country of Mayakovsky. It’s almost impossible for a translator to cope with these ironies:
Buttons flash over yawns.
The funnier they are, the more terrifying
And like bull’s-eyes for bullets.
GOD HAS MOVED TO 43 AVENUE OF PEACE.
Voznesensky’s prose is more difficult to assess. It is likely to strike most contemporary Western readers as pretentious. The influences upon it seem to belong to another part of the century, to a modernism now bypassed. We have never lived in the situation of enforced Socialist Realism, and so it is difficult for us to understand the seduction of this kind of modern experiment.
Of the two prose pieces, the one on Pasternak is more interesting because of its subject matter. Pasternak has attracted a great many reverent memoirs already, of course. Two or three of us were, I remember, taken to Peredelkino by Yevtushenko on the last night of our trip to the Soviet Union in 1978. He took us to Pasternak’s grave, where we sat with a bottle of wine in the moonlight, discussing Pasternak’s genius. Yevtushenko reflected with awe on the age Pasternak had reached. “A fantastic age for a Russian poet,” he added somberly. Ghosts from the past, of D’Anthès and Captain Martynov, have always haunted Russian poets, and for the generation of which Voznesensky and Yevtushenko formed a part Pasternak was in several ways an encouraging figure, and not only because his reputation was reestablished as theirs emerged.
Russian tyrants have traditionally feared poets as dangerous political opponents, and during much the same period as these moving, adolescent encounters Voznesensky had with Pasternak, Zhdanov was making a brutal assault on the arts, of which Akhmatova and Zoshchenko were notable victims. It is not something a Russian reader of Voznesensky would forget, any more than he is likely to forget where he was when he received the revelations of Khrushchev’s Twentieth Party Congress, or his astonishment upon reading the great neglected poets in Novy Mir, under the editorship of Tvardovsky. To all these events Pasternak is intimately connected in the consciousness of any Russian lover of poetry, which is why an almost iconic significance has gathered about his name.
But this is not the significance that Voznesensky has chosen to stress. His insights are more human. He reflects on Pasternak’s generous interest in his own early poetry, and the pleasure he took in listening to Pasternak read his own poetry aloud. “Perhaps what he liked in me was himself, who had run to Scriabin as a schoolboy. He was drawn to his childhood. The call of childhood never died in him.” There are passages describing Pasternak’s talk in which we can almost hear the stumbling voice of the poet himself. There is a diversion about a vividly observed secondhand bookseller, to whom Pasternak had introduced him, who keeps a first edition of Tsvetayeva’s Versts in a dusty glass case. And, best of all, there are vivid pictures of Pasternak striding about Moscow, with his coat open and his hat on one side, with the snow just beginning to melt, talking about the importance of losing things, and claiming to have lost a third of what he had done without regret.
There is another, more surreal, vision of the poet, approaching from the other side of Peredelkino pond, and seeming to soar above it supernaturally because his trousers blend with the color of the boards of a bridge. Voznesensky describes him as floating on the waters with a “childlike smile of puzzlement and delight on his face.” Something in Pasternak touched the homages that were written to him with a sense of his being more than human; Bella Akhmadulina’s tribute to him has a similar quality. It is as if in writing about him, Russian poets were honoring something close to an ideal of poetry itself.
The second piece of prose here—“O”—is an occasion to explore other memories; it consists of sharp, quick sketches and fancies, often a matter of only a few lines. There is a portrait of Akhmadulina reading with “her crystal chin so high that neither her lips nor her face is visible, her face is in shadow [so that] all we can see is her defenselessly open neck with the pulsing, unearthly, chilling sound of convulsive breathing.” A black hole flies into Voznesensky’s room in the writers’ colony and ironically claims to be his lost civilization. He makes a kind of pet of it and comments, “I learned that black holes are clots of compressed memory.” The O that gives this piece its title is playfully used to string together reflections about meetings with Henry Moore, Picasso, and many others. Voznesensky is more interested in language than he is in anecdote.
December 3, 1987 | <urn:uuid:75710fd0-db5a-438c-804a-b0ba11a7f7ae> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nybooks.com/articles/1987/12/03/ringing-the-button/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00078.warc.gz | en | 0.972013 | 3,167 | 2.078125 | 2 |
Economists said Biti’s hands are in effect tied, noting that President Robert Mugabe as he did Tuesday in a speech reopening Parliament has continued to attack the West and push investor-unfriendly policies
Zimbabwean Finance Minister Tendai Biti will have to dig deep to find a bright economic future for the country in his mid-year budget review, given the scarcity of foreign direct investment, mounting inflationary pressures, high interest rates, a scarcity of capital and and erratic electric power supplies crippling industry.
Economists said Biti’s hands are in effect tied, noting that President Robert Mugabe as he did Tuesday in a speech reopening Parliament has continued to attack the West and push investor-unfriendly policies.
Economist Eric Bloch said Biti may try to boost the economy through tax relief with a break for workers earning less than US$300 monthly. Economist Masimba Kuchera said he expects the finance minister to try to calm investor fears by guaranteeing foreign investments from seizure under the indigenization initiative.
The Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions for its part is calling for a pro-poor budget from the finance minister, calling on him to lower the tax rate for workers from 35 to 10 percent.
Economist Prosper Chitambara of the Labor and Economic Development Research Institute of Zimbabwe told reporter Jonga Kandemiiri that workers are taxed higher than corporations at 25 percent. | <urn:uuid:0092d24a-fc81-4961-8d20-454b65219516> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.voazimbabwe.com/a/zimbabwe-mid-term-budget-review-uphill-battle-98346024/1457678.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285315.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00574-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949891 | 291 | 1.570313 | 2 |
Luong Van Can Fund organized a training program “Translation is not just about using Google Translate”
Machine translation tools have improved to meet the diverse needs of users. However, humans still play a role in translation, and the translator-interpreter is still a crucial factor in determining the quality and accuracy of the texts. Luong Van Can Fund conducted a training session entitled “Translation is not just about using Google Translate” to meet the requirements of students whose major is linguistics and those who are interested in translating and interpreting.
The training session Translation is not just about using Google Translate took place on the Zoom platform on May 3, 2022, with professional support from speaker Lan Anh, currently a lecturer at VNU Hanoi-University of Languages and International Studies and a freelance translator-interpreter in Hanoi. Besides, she used to be the Editor/Reporter of the Department of Television for Foreign Service, Vietnam International Television (VTV4 channel).
Within the coverage, Ms Lan Anh systematically organised the presentation into two sections so that students could easily catch up and pay attention.
1. Understanding the source text clearly before translating
At the beginning of this session, Ms Lan Anh had students do an exercise of translating the answer of Miss H’Hen Nie in the final round of Miss Universe 2018. Thanks to this example, Ms Lan Anh gave the first rule – translation involves understanding the original text. Understanding the source text depends on the translator’s perception and knowledge. Due to the lack of experience and vocabulary, translators who cannot express and grasp the idea of the source text are prone to misunderstanding and mistranslation Ms Lan Anh also pointed out that online translation tools such as ‘Google translate’ often make mistakes in expressions. If the translator did not have enough knowledge of comprehension and coherency, the translation process would be nonsense and machine-like. Furthermore, to avoid expression errors, the speaker reminded students to check syntax errors and search for collocations to maintain text coherence.
2. Ensuring expression in translation
After ensuring a deep understanding of content, grammar and vocabulary, students have to be aware of how to convey ideas naturally and suitably given the context. Students then practiced translation skills under Ms Lan Anh’s guidance. At the end of the program, the speaker answered some commonly asked questions about translation and provided tips to enhance students’ translation skills.
Luong Van Can Fund would like to give special thanks to Ms Lan Anh for spending time to conduct the sharing. After the session, students gained some insight into translation and interpretation. Consequently, they may gain insights and confidence as they embark on their journey as translators and interpreters
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Submitted by: Linda Eastman UNIT: Recycling - Sculpture Lesson: Go Fish! Fish or other Sea Creature from Recycled Materials Grade Level: Elementary
Make connections to science - protect the environment and recycle - learn the parts of the fish.
Art Concept See things in a different way - think creatively - fish around for new ideas.
Art Problem Create a unique, interesting, visually appealing 3D sculpture of a fish (or underwater creature) out of mostly recycled materials.
1. Get some IDEAS!
• Brainstorm - What does a
fish look like? Determine the parts from schema and research.
• Assemble some recyclable materials and let them inspire you.
• Make sketches.
• Adapt other artists’ solutions.
2. Make a PLAN!
• Where to get materials?
• What supplies are needed?
• Will it be ART? or ICK! Solve the aesthetics!
• How to assemble?
• How to hang or display?
1. Understanding and applying media, techniques, and processes
2. Using knowledge of structures and functions
3. Choosing and evaluating a range of subject matter, symbols, and ideas
4. Reflecting upon and assessing the characteristics and merits of their work and the work of others
5. Making connections between visual arts and other disciplines
Students know the differences between materials, techniques, and processes
Students know the differences among visual characteristics and purposes of art in order to convey ideas
Students explore and understand prospective content for works of art
Students understand there are various purposes for creating works of visual art
Students describe how different expressive features and organizational principles cause different responses
Students select and use subject matter, symbols, and ideas to communicate meaning
Students identify connections between the visual arts and other disciplines in the curriculum
(make connections to science)
Students use different media, techniques, and processes to communicate ideas, experiences, and stories
Students use visual structures and functions of art to communicate ideas
use art materials and tools in a safe and responsible manner
Note on Matisse Beasts of the Sea Lesson:
Matisse lesson was done with 2nd grade. Student scan "Sea Beasts by Henri Matisse
and try to figure out what the picture is about. Then they use Tissue paper and glue (watered down) to cover a 12x18 white paper. Next class, Linda shows them how to cut 3 of Matisse's conventional shapes: the "see through spiral", the leaf (sea weed), and the "spiny creature" (star). She limits color selection on the Construction Paper to blue, orange, black and white. After that they can add their own creatures/details.
Kindergarten Swimmy Lesson:
Kindergartners painted cool colors for the background - fill the page. Linda taught basic painting skills and procedures. Next time, she read them Swimmy by Leo Lionni and they looked at their paintings to see if there were any "caves" or dark secret hiding places. They also talked about how all Lionni's fish were printed. Linda made the fish stencils from oak tag and the students used red and yellow tempera with little sponges and clothes pins to stencil the fish on the paintings. Next came the oil crayons for seaweed. | <urn:uuid:e5e40648-1364-4b8c-aaf1-7b466f1ace43> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.incredibleart.org/lessons/elem/Linda-fish.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718285.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00107-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.901748 | 687 | 3.609375 | 4 |
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The pre-cooler is the first type of vaporizer. It requires the comfortable vapor and cools it down. Some pre-coolers will cool off faster than others, nevertheless if you need a quicker vaporizer, this is the one to obtain.
The second kind of vaporizer may be the electrical vaporizer. These vaporizers are very easy to use, the ones that come with a pre-heat specifically. You plug it in and turn it on simply. It heats up a tray or bowl, which will allow the vapor to become expelled through the device then.
Once you start pre-heating the tray, you may make sure it really is hot enough for you to have a puff and obtain a good vapor. For any of these types of vaporizers, if you work with a holder that is as well little, you could end up receiving vapor around your hands, as it may drip down the medial side. The bowl must be a good fit.
The 3rd type of vaporizer may be the dry herb vaporizer. This type of vaporizer works best if you have a total large amount of space. This vaporizer is the only type of vaporizer, which requires that you’ve got a vaporizer tray with a few inches of open space on the bottom.
The drier your dry herb is, the better the experience shall be. It shall change lives with regards to vapor manufacturing. This is among the reason why many people buy smaller vaporizers, they don’t want to have to hold a tray while they make their hits.
The fourth kind of vaporizer may be the electric vaporizer. These vaporizers are used for home make use of in addition to medical settings. They can be utilized to make the perfect encounter also.
They can be a great tool for taking a quick hit or if you are likely to be smoking on the run. There are lots of choices for this vaporizer, some with warming capabilities, others that can be heated, some are self-contained, plus some are transportable.
The last kind of vaporizer may be the right size. If you are not sure about what size you will need, you should consult your local vape shop. They can offer you some very nice information about what size vaporizer is usually right for you personally.
As I stated before, the genuine way in which the vaporizer works will figure out the results from the vaporizer. Some of the vaporizers use dry herbal treatments very best. Others are better with steam-type vaporizers.
There are several different types of vaporizers, but each provides its own special characteristics. When you are shopping for a vaporizer, look at the features and do your research.
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DICK GREGORY ON POPPY (1969) Record store poster by Milton Glaser
Np: Poppy Records, . Vintage original 36 x 24″ (91 x 61 cm.) poster, folded (as issued), fine.
A portrait of legendary African American comedian and social activist Dick Gregory, designed by Milton Glaser, a famous artist in his own right. This poster is in the collection of the National Portrait Gallery.
“In 1969, graphic designer Milton Glaser produced this poster advertising Dick Gregory’s comedy album for the Poppy label, The Light Side: The Dark Side. Gregory had begun his career as a standup comedian in the early-1960s in Chicago, part of an emerging generation of black comedians who drew on current events and racial issues for material. An appearance on The Tonight Show made him nationally famous. At the same time Gregory became an activist in the civil rights and anti-Vietnam movements and ran unsuccessfully for president in 1968. Gregory has remained an author and activist, often going on hunger strikes to show his commitment to various causes.
“In an era when collecting decorative posters turned into ‘postermania,’ Glaser produced a distinctive image with quirky stylization, bold, unexpected colors in the flesh tones, and a bifurcated, light-dark reference to the title.” (National Portrait Gallery – Smithsonian Institution)
Out of stock | <urn:uuid:0a571d52-bd2c-4a8c-8787-54c24739b780> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.walterfilm.com/shop/posters/dick-gregory-on-poppy-1969-record-store-poster-by-milton-glaser/?add_to_wishlist=18356&_wpnonce=d91e051716 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00671.warc.gz | en | 0.945674 | 296 | 1.921875 | 2 |
EEatHU2020: Website for the Electrical Engineering (EE) Students with NEW 2020 Curriculum
Electrical Engineering (EE) Program
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
College of Engineering and Architecture
Advisor: Dr. Charles Kim (email@example.com; 202-806-4821; #3014 LKD)
The primary purpose of this website is to provide information on the EE degree curriculum 2020 and to help EE students to register correct courses in the correct order to satisfy the curriculum requirement for EE degree. Note that this curriculum applies from Fall 2020 Semester entrants.
*NOTE: Course registration for the first semester of new entrants will be done by designated University personnel following the EE curriculum. Please note that your first Math course is determined by your Math Placement score. So be familiar with your EE curriculum by reading the materails provided below.
For registration, follow the order below.
1. Know your EE 2020 Curriculum
2. If you are a freshman, be ready with the result of Math/English placement test. The test score will place which Math/English course you're allowed to take. Here is an example. If you do not start with MATH156-Calc I, this is the sequence of taking MATH courses: MATH005-College Algebra >> MATH007- Pre-Calc >> MATH156-Calc I. Then you take MATH157- Calc II, followed by MATH158- Calc III.
3. Pre-select your courses (University Class Schedule Search web site) and make sure there is no time conflict. Use this trial schedule form (Excel or pdf or image(png)). In this step, contact your advisor to discuss about the course selection and request for suggestion of courses.
4. Complete CEA Registration Form (in Excel, Fillable Pdf, or simple Pdf format, or image (png) format). Remember (a) If you are in a scholarship, you need to take a certain minimum credit hours every semester (12 or 15, so please check with the financial office): (b) If you want to keep "full time" status financially, you need a minimum of 12 credit hours.
5. Bring (or email) the signed CEA Registration form and the Trial Schedule (showing no time-conflict) to you advisor. Once approved, your PIN for registration will be given to you, which you use in BisonWeb.
6. If you get registration error, read the Error Message Description and, knowing what to do, fill out the CEA Registration Error Request form ((simple pdf and Fillable pdf and png (image))) and bring/send it to the instructor or your advisor.
Valuable Information (with additional Forms)
1. List of Elective Courses (African-American Studies, Social Science, Humanities, Basic Math/Science, and EE elective courses)
2. Bisonweb Registration Errors (and their descriptions)
3. CEA Registration Error Request Form (simple pdf and Fillable pdf and png (image))
4. Link to Forms & Petition (for Course withdrawal, Major change, course transfer, transfer course credit etc)
5. Freshman English Requirements: Take one of the following pairs in sequence: ENGW102 & ENGW103 or ENGW104 & ENGW 105. | <urn:uuid:1904a4b0-76a4-4225-8e95-415a59bff3a4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://mwftr.com/EEatHU2020.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00266.warc.gz | en | 0.851649 | 704 | 1.703125 | 2 |
As Donald Trump heads to Vietnam for the second summit of his presidency with North Korean dictator Kim Jong Un, one big question remains: Is the rogue nation still a nuclear threat or, well, isn’t it?
Following the first summit with Kim, Trump tweeted: “Just landed - a long trip, but everybody can now feel much safer than the day I took office. There is no longer a Nuclear Threat from North Korea. Meeting with Kim Jong Un was an interesting and very positive experience. North Korea has great potential for the future!”
So that seems pretty clear, right? “There is no longer a Nuclear Threat from North Korea.” Problem solved! Nothing to see here, folks!
Which brings me to Sunday morning, when Secretary of State Mike Pompeo sat down with CNN’s Jake Tapper to talk about, among other things, the coming summit. And this exchange happened:
TAPPER: Do you – do you think North Korea remains a nuclear threat?
TAPPER: But the President said he doesn’t.
POMPEO: That’s not what he said.
I mean, I know – I know precisely…
TAPPER: He tweeted: “There’s no longer a nuclear threat from North Korea.”
POMPEO: Right. What – what he said is that the – what he said was that the efforts that had been made in Singapore, this commitment that Chairman Kim, may have substantially taken down the risk to the American people. It’s the mission of the secretary of state and the President of the United States to keep the American people secure. We’re aiming to achieve that.
TAPPER: OK. I mean, that’s just a direct quote, but I want to move on.
I mean, WHAT?
Let’s detail Pompeo’s response when called on his direct contradiction of the President’s assertion that North Korea is no longer a nuclear threat:
1) “That’s not what he said.” It is, in fact, exactly what he said.
2) “What he said was that the efforts that had been made in Singapore, this commitment that Chairman Kim, may have substantially taken down the risk to the American people.” But – it is what he said. Like, exactly.
It is logically impossible to conclude anything from Trump’s tweet and Pompeo’s comments about North Korea other that the President and the secretary of state are in direct opposition in their analysis of the threat posed by the rogue nation. One says North Korea remains a nuclear threat. The other says it doesn’t. This isn’t about a hairsbreadth difference between two very similar positions. Those positions are in direct opposition. The end.
Trump’s governing-via-Twitter has always been problematic – and never more so than when it comes to foreign policy and diplomacy. Whether you love Twitter or hate it (I feel both ways), you have to acknowledge that 280 characters may not leave enough room to express the complexities and nuances of America’s dealings with North Korea (or, really, any country.)
When you combine the limits, quite literally, of Twitter with Trump’s own thin-skinnedness and tendency to always create a story where he is the hero, you can see how we got to this state of contradiction on North Korea. Trump faced heavy criticism for sitting down with Kim with no preconditions. The meeting was viewed skeptically because North Korea made no hard-and-fast pledges coming out of it. Trump, deeply sensitive to how he was being covered, decided to declare total victory: “There is no longer a Nuclear Threat from North Korea.”
That pledge was, from the second it was made, overly optimistic. By a lot. But because he is the President and because Pompeo likes serving as secretary of state, the former Kansas congressman can’t just come out and tell Tapper that Trump spoke too soon in regard to the nuclear threat posed by North Korea. Because to do so would jeopardize his job – even if it’s the reality.
And so Pompeo is left trying to convince us that he and Trump are on the same page, when it’s clear to any person who is paying even the least bit of attention that their views are not in accord at all.
The bigger issue here? We are talking about whether a rogue nation continues to pursue a nuclear weapon. And even as the President of the United States heads halfway around the world to sit down with Kim again, he and his top diplomat can’t seem to agree on that basic point. | <urn:uuid:8d9bcb0c-d2ef-495a-b490-6e5a181507b7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www-m.cnn.com/2019/02/25/politics/jake-tapper-mike-pompeo-donald-trump-north-korea/index.html?r=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Furl%3Fq%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2019%2F02%2F25%2Fpolitics%2Fjake-tapper-mike-pompeo-donald-trump-north-korea%2Findex.html%26sa%3DD%26source%3Dhangouts%26ust%3D1551215176859000%26usg%3DAFQjCNGfwsPtxDWg5Clr0DHIMvDTGKtkEg | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00666.warc.gz | en | 0.967808 | 998 | 1.671875 | 2 |
Emphasising the need of adoptive
parents for older children.
It s vital that adoptive
families get the help they need to transform the lives of their children.
CHAPTER 1: Introduction CHAPTER 2: Checkpoint Inhibitors CHAPTER 3: Therapeutic anticancer vaccines CHAPTER 4: Adoptive
Immunotherapy for Cancer CHAPTER 5: Summary and Conclusions For more information visit http://www.
State Employees' said its participation and goal is to promote the adoption of foster kids and encourage North Carolina citizens to become foster or adoptive
Bacchetta's words echo with the collective voice of over 100 adoptive
parents interviewed for this book.
But the new scheme will collaborate with local authorities nationwide in a bid to pair children on the Register with an adoptive
family more swiftly.
parents undergo an in-depth assessment and approval process and are given comprehensive training - delivered at the weekend - to ensure adoption is right for them.
Department for Education statistics show that in KirKlees it taKes an average of 712 days between a child being placed in care and moving in with an adoptive
On top of that, the court heard that the adoptive
couple had agreed to pay the mother e1/410,000.
It''s full of useful information, advice and real-life stories from adoptive
With enquiries to adopt significantly down from this time last year, it is more vital than ever to meet the needs of the rising numbers of children waiting for adoptive
mum died My adopted dad died three years ago and earlier this year my adoptive | <urn:uuid:91ba18c0-7909-4692-98cf-20da7852b881> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/adoptive | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00240-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.928743 | 325 | 2.546875 | 3 |
What are data warehousing and data mining? How do businesses use these tools?
Answer to relevant QuestionsWhat is an unnormalized design, and how do you convert an unnormalized design to 1NF? In your answer, refer to specific pages and figures in this chapter.Visit the bookstore at your school or in your area. Interview the manager or store employees to learn more about the business and the entities that are involved in bookstore operations. Remember that an entity is a person, ...Suppose you had a client who never used a network. Explain, in everyday terms, the role of network servers and clients.1. Should an organization choose a new system based on client/server architecture? Why or why not?2. Explain the pros and cons of thick or thin client characteristics.3. What is the difference between physical and logical ...Describe three main types of testing and the order in which they are performed.
Post your question | <urn:uuid:33af7723-20fc-48d0-997a-ffae695b7013> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.solutioninn.com/what-are-data-warehousing-and-data-mining-how-do-businesses | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279650.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00433-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947308 | 191 | 2.703125 | 3 |
- Baking Bites - http://bakingbites.com -
The Sweet Book of Candy Making
Posted By Nicole On February 4, 2013 @ 7:06 am In Magazines & Cookbooks | No Comments
Candy making is intimidating to many home chefs because you usually need some extra equipment and you definitely need to be more exact than you do with either cooking or baking. You’ll hear professional chefs on reality shows complain about how challenging it is to bake a cake – but you’ll also notice that they’re never asked to make candy. But even though it requires precision, making candy does not have to be difficult at all and once you have the basic techniques down, you’ll find yourself wanting to make caramels, toffees and truffles a lot more often. The first thing that you’ll need is a good starting point and you can find that with The Sweet Book of Candy Making.
The Sweet Book of Candy Making is set up to give you the basic tools for candy making at home. It starts out with two introductory chapters that cover candy making ingredients and equipment, as well as basic techniques for working with sugar and chocolate. This introduction has enough information to set you up for success with the rest of the recipes, since these basics are always important – and you’ll want to minimize the number of accidental failures that you might have while learning the art of candy making at home. The recipes themselves cover a wide range of categories, from hard sugar candies to fudge to marshmallows, and they include both classic recipes and ones with more modern flavor twists. The final section of the book covers decorating techniques that will help you make your chocolate and candies look picture-perfect.
The recipes are all clearly written with plenty of detail, and the author takes a lot of time to cover common problems and offer troubleshooting tips. With a little patience, you’ll be able to master each recipe and turn out treats that are just as good as what you can buy in a chocolate shop. There are plenty of step-by-step photos that illustrate the process, as well as photos of the finished candies, included with the recipes. But candy making is a process that can’t be rushed, and while you could get away with skipping around to a few of the easier recipes early on, you’ll get the best results if you treat this like a little bit of a sweets class and learn the art step-by-step.
Article printed from Baking Bites: http://bakingbites.com
URL to article: http://bakingbites.com/2013/02/the-sweet-book-of-candy-making/
Thanks for visiting Baking Bites! Enjoy this recipe and don't forget to check back to the original posts for comments from other readers who have tried it! | <urn:uuid:89478c10-c787-409f-9edf-acbf8e9c00fc> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://bakingbites.com/2013/02/the-sweet-book-of-candy-making/print/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00047-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956887 | 597 | 1.835938 | 2 |
Recalled Session At Wheeling, Virginia,
Address of the Delegates
New State Constitutional Convention
Adopted February 18th, 1863.
1. This address was not included in the debates and proceedings of the Convention as reported by Granville D. Hall. Nor was it printed in any available newspaper of the period. Explanation of these facts is found perhaps in the convention authorization of the printing and distribution of 10,000 copies, but at the time of the present printing only two copies of this sixteen page pamphlet could be found. One was in the New York Public Library, New York, the other in the State Department of Archives and History, Charleston, West Virginia.
Fellow-citizens: Your delegates in convention having made the change in the constitution proposed by Congress, have submitted the same, as amended, for your final ratification or rejection, at an election to be held on the twenty-sixth day of March next.
Before remarking on the proposed change, we call your attention to some of the features of the Constitution which differ from the system to which you have been accustomed. The most important is that which abolishes the county courts. In this we have the sanction of your frequently expressed opinions, and of the almost unanimous action of your delegates in the Constitutional Conventions of 1829 and 1850. Whatever may have been the merits of these courts as judicial tribunals, for which purpose the establishment of the circuit courts made them unnecessary, their inefficiency as administrators of county affairs, owing mainly to their want of adaptation to the purpose, has been apparent. The union, in one body, of judicial, legislative and executive powers, is sufficient to condemn them.
To supply their place in the judiciary we have raised the jurisdiction of the justices and increased the number of the terms of the circuit courts, by which much unnecessary expenditure will be avoided.
To secure a just and faithful administration of the fiscal and other concerns of the counties, they are sub-divided into townships, each of which elects annually a member of a county board charged with such administration; but to the people of each township is reserved the right to transact, under such regulations as the legislature may prescribe, the public business relating exclusively to their township. In short, the endeavor has been made to apply practically the maxim of Montesquieu, that "in a democracy the people ought to do for themselves whatever they conveniently can; and what they cannot do themselves, they should commit to the management of ministers chosen by themselves."
Objections are made to the township system on account of its novelty. It is indeed a novelty in practice in Virginia, but is not now first proposed. When the defects of the first state Constitution became apparent, and the propriety of revising it began to be discussed, Mr. Jefferson, in letters to different correspondents, proposed the division of the counties into wards. In one letter he says: "These wards, called townships in New England, are the vital principle of their governments, and have proved themselves the wisest invention ever devised by the wit of man for the perfect exercise of self-government and for its preservation." He also says that this system, "by making every citizen an acting member of the government, and in the offices nearest and most interesting to him, will attach him by his strongest feelings to the independence of his country and its republican constitution." In another letter he says: "The wit of man cannot devise a more solid basis for a free, durable and well administered republic."
In the convention of 1829-30, the late Judge Lewis Summers, a distinguished jurist and an earnest and active friend of the West, proposed the adoption of the ward or township system; but it was defeated by a vote of fifty-two to thirty. This was the convention that feared to trust the people with the election of any officers besides members of the General Assembly, and whose constitution was condemned by the counties west of the Alleghanies by a vote of nearly twenty thousand against less than one thousand.
By the constitution now presented, the legislative power of the State is vested in a senate and house of delegates. This power would be supreme in all cases were it not limited by the state and National constitutions. The restrictions inserted in the constitution now proposed, to prevent the abuse and the unnecessary use of this power, cannot be enumerated in this address. Your attention, however, is called to the fact, that in all practicable cases, the legislature is required to act by general laws. This obviates, to a great extent, the necessity for special legislation, and discourages that private solicitation of the members, the tendency of which is to introduce corruption and bribery as elements of legislation. It will also tend to shorten the sessions, and thus economize expenditure. The system presented for your adoption contemplates, as before remarked, that the people of each township will, to a certain extent, have the personal superintendence and direction of the public business relating exclusively to their township; the county boards of that which concerns two or more townships of their county, and of the general county affairs; while all that concerns two or more counties, or the State at large, will devolve on the legislature, as under the national constitution that which concerns two or more states, or the whole Union, is confided to Congress.
There are no fundamental changes in the executive and judiciary besides those already noticed. The three great departments of government are practically kept separate and distinct, so that neither can exercise the powers belonging to either of the others, and no person can be invested with, or exercise the powers of more than one of them at the same time. These rules are applied to the county as well as to the state organization.
In the proposed system of taxation and finance, an attempt is made to equalize the burdens of the people, and to prevent extravagant, wasteful and profligate expenditures. Besides a small capitation tax on white males over the age of twenty-one years, taxes are to be laid on property of every kind in proportion to its value, so that no one species of property can be taxed higher than another of equal value. No debt is to be contracted except for merely temporary purposes, or in cases of great exigency, such as war or public danger; and the credit of the State is to be loaned only in the latter contingency. The State cannot become a stockholder in a bank on any terms, or in any internal improvement company for an amount greater than can be paid for out of funds in hand, or by a tax levied the ensuing year.
The experience of the re-organized government makes it morally certain that, in a time of peace, the amount to be raised by taxation within the new State will be greatly below former experience, even after it has assumed its equitable proportion of the debt of the State of Virginia, contracted before January, 1861. On the other hand, the expansion which will certainly be given to the population, business and value of property of the new State by legislation adapted to its wants and condition, and tending to the development of its resources, will greatly augment the ability of the people to pay such taxes as may be found necessary.
Not the least beneficial feature of the proposed constitution is that which relates to forfeited and unappropriated lands. The land office, so often denounced, even by eastern men, for its iniquitous operation and demoralizing tendency, and as the source of general and interminable litigation in the West, is finally and forever closed. All private rights and interests in land derived from the State of Virginia, including entries that have been perfected, are secured. Tracts of land forfeited for non-payment of taxes not exceeding twenty dollars, or for the non-entry on the books of the Commissioner of the Revenue where the quantity does not exceed one thousand acres, are, by the constitution itself, exonerated from forfeiture and from the payment of the taxes and damages charged or chargeable against them. Lands forfeited prior to 1832, and not again forfeited or sold, or by subsequent forfeiture or purchase at the sheriff's sales vested in the State, unless exonerated as above, or redeemed within five years, will be condemned and sold under proceedings to be instituted in the circuit courts, and a perfect title given to the purchaser, while the former owners will be entitled to receive the excess of the purchase money over the taxes, damages and expenses of condemnation and sale.
Provision is made for the education of the children of the State by the establishment, at no distant day, of a system of free schools, and the accumulation of a school fund, to be derived from the extraordinary revenues of the State, or from other sources than taxation. The division of the counties into townships, makes such a system, heretofore thought impracticable by many on account of the sparseness of our population, entirely possible if the people desire it. It will be for the voters of each township to determine how efficient the system shall be within their boundary by their voluntary taxation of themselves for the purpose.
Among the miscellaneous provisions of the proposed constitution is one intended to aid the development of all the material resources of the State. It provides that any number of persons associated for a purpose useful to the public, except the issuing of bills to circulate as money or the construction of a work of internal improvement, may become a corporation under general laws to be passed by the legislature, and amendable at their pleasure by like laws. This takes away from such corporations the character of monopolies, and avoids the occasion for that personal solicitation of the members of the legislature, which, as above remarked, has been the fruitful source of evil. The confinement of the action of the legislature to general laws in reference to those practical matters which concern every citizen and every section of the State, gives assurance that, if not at first, yet speedily, those laws will receive that form which is most in accordance with the united wisdom and experience of the whole population. This illustrates the true theory and object of representative government.
The changes in the fundamental law above noticed, and others, perhaps not less beneficial, prove the necessity of our separation from the East if we would promote our moral and material prosperity. In the sight of God and man this is our sacred duty to ourselves, to those now dependent upon us, and to those who will hereafter occupy our places. Inequality of representation and taxation, had that been all, we might have borne until increased population gave us the power to correct it. But when the legislation of the eastern majority was directed to our injury; when we were heavily taxed for the construction of eastern improvements, and repeatedly denied the legal power to make them in our own section without the pecuniary or other assistance of the State, when there were open and avowed endeavors to prevent, or at least discourage, our increase in population; when, in short, we found we were not considered or treated as equals in the commonwealth of which we were part, we should have been more or less than men if we had submitted to the intended degradation, and not resolved to right ourselves when the opportunity occurred.
Since so many of the other portion of the State embraced the cause of secession and rebellion, they have been more bold in their denunciations and more open in their exhibitions of hostile feelings, and have avowed their intention to subject us to a moral subjugation or to drive us into exile. Our offense has always been our devotion to those principles of free government which we learned from the fathers of the commonwealth, but which they have repudiated, and is aggravated by the fact that we still cling to that Union which their fathers and ours assisted in forming. They declare their intention, whatever may be the issue of the rebellion, to destroy the line of railroad constructed through our section without their assistance, and maintained, notwithstanding their adverse legislation, in order to destroy with it our business and personal intercourse with other states, and to prevent the increase of our population. They have recently attempted to repeal the more liberal provisions engrafted in the present Constitution, mainly by the efforts of western statesmen, and to renew the provisions of the constitution repudiated by the people of the west in 1830 with almost entire unanimity, and again to govern us by a centralized oligarchy.
Fellow-citizens, while so many of you were witnesses of the indefatigable exertions of our Doddridge, our Summers, our Campbell, and so many others, who, nobly but in vain, fought for our political enfranchisement in 1820 and 1830, are you prepared to repudiate their principles and condemn their conduct by a voluntary subserviency to those by whom you have been oppressed? We trust there are none among us capable of such self degradation.
There are considerations of a different character which also make the separation of the two sections desirable if not indispensable. There is little in common between them. Their views and policy in reference to various matters are diverse, if not antagonistic. The characteristics and social conditions of the two populations are different. The west is hilly, or mountainous, is for the most part in a state of nature, and may be made to afford a variety and abundance of mineral products; while the section occupied by those who have always, by their power or their influence, ruled the State, is, for the most part, easy of cultivation and has been cultivated for many years, and its leading products are agricultural. The directions of the channels of trade and the commercial relations of the two sections, divided as they are by a lofty range of mountains impassable by the rail car or canal boat, are necessarily not the same. In the west there are few enjoying acquired fortunes or hereditary wealth; few who are exempt from personal labor of the hand or head, and the equality of condition of the people is most remarkable. In the east great diversities exist. The men of wealth and their descendents and connections fill the offices and occupy the seats in the legislature, thus excluding their poorer neighbors from all actual participation in the government. How is it possible that with such diversities the citizens of either section can acquire that practical knowledge of the wants and condition of the other, without which they cannot, if ever so well disposed, intelligently legislate for them.
Under these circumstances it is surprising that any West Virginian should hesitate as to the course which both duty and interest now call upon him to pursue. There are, however, some who are indifferent, and some who openly oppose the formation of the proposed State; and among both classes are some who heretofore favored the separation. Various objections are urged against it, none of which, however, include a denial of the fact that West Virginia will be greatly benefited by taking the principal charge of her own affairs. The objections that would deter her from doing so, should be at least as weighty as the arguments that urge her on. Let us, therefore, candidly examine the objections that are made with a view of determining to which side duty should incline us.
The objection most insisted on relates to the change of the seventh section of the eleventh article of the Constitution. By some it is urged that the imposition of a condition by Congress on the admission of a new state into the Union is a dangerous precedent, and derogatory to those accepting it. This objection comes too late. The precedent is already the rule rather than the exception, as few states have been admitted without the acceptance of some condition prescribed by Congress. Changes of boundary, the taxation of public lands, trial by jury, the use of the English language in public proceedings, as well as the prohibition of slavery, have been the subjects of these conditions. The admission of new states by Congress is not, under the United States constitution, obligatory, but merely discretionary. The words are: "New states may be admitted into the Union." It is as true in law as in mathematics, that the greater includes the less. If Congress can constitutionally refuse its consent to the admission of a state, it may certainly prescribe terms of admission within constitutional limits.
This objection would not probably be pressed if the alleged condition related to some other subject than slavery, or if that subject had not been for so many years an element of party strife. There is so much prejudice, both for and against its existence in any locality, that the merits of a particular case are overlooked or ignored, and the prejudices on the general subject are permitted to decide it. With the latter we shall not concern ourselves in this address, as we do not think the abstract question of the propriety of the continuance or abolition of slavery should affect the vote you are called upon to give. The true question for your decision is, whether the continuance of the slavery existing within the limits of the proposed State promises any practical benefit to its people, and if so, whether the promised benefit is sufficient to induce you to forego the many positive and decided advantages which you can not obtain unless the proposed State is erected?
There is one class of objectors whom we do not desire to conciliate while they retain their present views, and to whom, therefore, we have nothing to say. Of those who are traitors in heart, if not yet in act, and whose sympathy with rebels in arms has overcome their consciousness of duty to their country, it is sufficient to remark that their opposition is necessarily factious, and their object the injury and not the welfare of their loyal fellow-citizens. But there are others whom we are earnestly desirous to convince that the proposed State is worth greatly more than the price that will, in any event, be paid for it; and that the effort to secure it now, is not only sanctioned but demanded by every consideration of duty to themselves and their posterity.
The convention at its first session were nearly equally divided as to the propriety of inserting in the constitution a clause providing for gradual emancipation. There was at that time no one in or out of the convention who contended that the perpetuation of slavery, as it existed in the proposed State, would be of any practical importance. Some desired to avoid the contention the agitation of the question would inevitably engender, while others thought that without the insertion of such a clause the consent of Congress would not be given. It was admitted on all hands, and cannot be denied, that causes, unconnected with the rebellion, and beyond human control, were at work, which within a very few years must extinguish slavery within the proposed State. It was not denied that in a grain growing, manufacturing and commercial community, the labor of slaves is unprofitable, except perhaps as domestic servants. It was known that in twenty-seven of the forty-eight counties there had been a decrease in their respective numbers of slaves from 1850 to 1860, and in only thirteen counties an actual increase. The numbers in the years given were 14,210 and 12,783. The decrease was 2661, and the increase including those in the eight counties formed after 1850, was 1234; giving a net decrease of ten per cent, or 1427, to which should be added a number equal to the whole natural increase. Those therefore who opposed the emancipation clause, did not contend that its insertion would injuriously affect the proposed State; but, on the contrary, insisted, that the causes mentioned above would extinguish slavery more rapidly and surely than any system of gradual emancipation could, if their operation was withdrawn.
Under these circumstances a compromise clause was agreed on, received the unanimous vote of the Convention,* and was inserted in the Constitution. It provided, simply, that slaves should not be brought into the State for permanent residence, and was accepted and ratified by the vote adopting the Constitution in April 1862. Thus both the Convention and the people have signified their willingness, that the natural causes tending to the extinction of slavery should not be counteracted in their operation. There were slaveholders both in the Convention and among the people, who voted for this compromise, and they must be allowed to be as able to determine what their interests require or permit, as many among the most vociferous of the objectors who have no personal interest in slavery. That it is doomed to rapid diminution, whether aided by law or constitution, or not, must be apparent to every intelligent citizen.
*There was one vote against compromise, that cast by William W. Brumfield of Wayne County. See Vol. III, page 436; Convention, Journal, page 168.
The question then presents itself for your consideration, whether the great and important advantages you are sure to derive from the erection of the proposed State, shall be postponed until slavery dies the natural death to which it is hastening? This is what you are called upon to do when asked to reject the amendment proposed by Congress. Slavery cannot be perpetuated by its rejection; and, as it exists among us, it cannot be of any service in a public point of view. With or without emancipation, the proposed State will be to all intents and purposes a free state, and its legislation and social condition will necessarily be controlled by that fact.
The amendment proposed by Congress strikes out the whole of the seventh section of the eleventh article of the Constitution, including the clause prohibiting the immigration of free negroes. The objectors allege that this opens the State to that class of population. Had they looked at the section immediately following, they would have seen that the laws of Virginia will remain in force within the proposed State until altered by its own legislature; and they cannot be ignorant that a law forbidding such immigration is in the Code. Almost all the northern states prohibit it, but only two or three by constitutional provisions. The rest, like Virginia are content with legislative enactments on the subject, and the power of the legislatures of the States to pass such laws has not been seriously questioned. The act of Congress declares that West Virginia shall be "admitted into the Union on an equal footing with the original states in all respects whatever." The so called condition imposed by Congress cannot, by even a forced construction, be tortured into a prohibition of the exclusion of free negroes. It requires no more than that the emancipation clause proposed by them shall be inserted in the Constitution.
These keen eyed objectors, many of whom find in the United States Constitution a warrant for the alleged right of secession, have constitutional scruples about the power of Congress to admit the proposed State into the Union under any circumstances. By separating a clause from its context, they make that instrument absolutely forbid the formation and erection of a new state within the jurisdiction of any other state. They have the misfortune to differ with Mr. Madison; who, in the forty-third number of the Federalist, while commenting on the section of the United States Constitution now in question, observes, that "the particular precaution against the erection of new states, by the partition of a state without its consent, quiets the jealousy of the larger states; as that of the smaller is quieted by a like precaution against a junction of states without their consent." But if the contemporary exposition of "the father of the constitution" is not sufficient to convince these very strict constructionists, this objection, like another noticed above, comes too late. Congress many years since consented to the formation and erection of the States of Vermont, Kentucky and Maine, within the jurisdiction of other states, the second having been formed and erected within the jurisdiction of Virginia.
But the objection most relied on is that which denies that any competent legislative consent has been given to the erection of the State of West Virginia. This objection implies that the usurping body sitting at Richmond, and pretending to exercise legislative authority, but in open rebellion against the United States, is the true legislature of Virginia, one of those states; or that the State is without a legitimate government. Those who uphold the first alternative uphold rebellion and are secessionists and traitors, with whom, as before observed, we, and we trust our constituents, have nothing to do until they divest themselves of that character. The second may be honestly entertained by some who are not familiar with the history of similar events, or with the verdict of all free nations in similar cases; or by those who have not sufficiently examined the subject. Sincerely desirous to vindicate the authority under which we have been and are now acting, we ask your further attention while, as briefly as possible, we relate the events which led to the restoration of the state government, and cite the precedents which sanction that most solemn and formal proceeding.
Soon after the secession of the planting states, the then Legislature of Virginia was called to meet in extra session at Richmond early in January 1861. Among their first proceedings, was the passage of an act directing an election to be held on the ensuing fourth of February for delegates to a convention, which was directed to assemble at Richmond on the thirteenth of the same month, and to "proceed to adopt such measures as they may deem expedient for the welfare of the commonwealth." What this meant was easily understood, as the same act provided that at the time of the election of the delegates, a separate poll should be opened "to take the sense of the qualified voters as to whether any action of the said convention dissolving our connection with the federal Union, or changing the organic law of the state, shall be submitted to the people for ratification or rejection." A large majority of the delegates elected were professedly opposed to secession, thus indicating that at least a proportional majority of the people, distributed in nearly every section of the state, were also opposed to it. A majority of nearly sixty thousand demanded that any action of the convention contemplating secession should be submitted to the people and receive their ratification before it became of force.
It is not intended to discuss here the alleged right of secession which has been amply elucidated by abler pens. We plant ourselves upon the doctrine asserted by Virginia herself, in her ratification of the Constitution of the United States. In that instrument, speaking by the mouths of some of her ablest statesmen ("there were giants in those day") she says, "that the powers granted under the Constitution, being derived from the people of the United States, may be resumed by them whensoever the same shall be perverted to their injury or oppression." There is no mistaking the force and import of this language. It, in express terms, asserts, that the Union can be dissolved only by those who made it, the people of all the states, and by them only in the extreme case of a palpable perversion of the powers granted, to their injury or oppression. The act of ratification has for Virginia all the force of a declaration of rights, or a constitutional provision. The act calling the convention for the purpose avowed on its face, and all the proceedings and ordinances of that assemblage in reference to "dissolving our connection with the federal Union," whether by peaceable means or by force, being in derogation of an organic law, are therefore illegal, null and void, and no ratification by the people of a single state can give them validity or effect.
But admitting, for the moment, that without even an allegation that the powers of the federal Union had been perverted to the injury or oppression of the people, a legislative act could give authority to a convention to dissolve the connection of the state with the Union, and that an ordinance fairly passed by the latter in due parliamentary form and ratified by the votes of a majority of the qualified voters, would be effective for the purpose, we deny that any such ordinance has been so passed or ratified. When the convention assembled, the hired ruffians brought from states farther south for the purpose, who until that time had beset the legislature, began their work of intimidation within and without the hall where the convention held its sessions. Western members were threatened and spit upon from the galleries while in their seats, and mobbed and assaulted on their egress from the hall.
Under such circumstances, the so called secession ordinance was passed in secret session and directed to be submitted to the voters. But before the fact of its passage was allowed to be made known, or its provisions had been published, the convention, which by that time, with the consent of a subservient governor and other state officers, had practically usurped the powers of both the legislature and executive, dispatched their armed emissaries to take possession of the National Armory at Harper's Ferry and to obstruct the entrance to the Gosport Navy Yard, and had begun to levy troops with a view to the capture of the national capital, and the overthrow of the national government. Thus was the state plunged into rebellion and its consequences, without the sanction and even without the previous knowledge of the people. In the black catalogue of crime which disgraces humanity, these acts of the iniquitous and perjured leaders of the secession movement in Virginia, will be forever prominent.
But these were not all. Again before the vote to ratify or reject their traitorous ordinance was taken, they entered into a league with the so called Confederate States looking to the accession of Virginia to that rebellious organization. By a special provision, to take effect immediately, "the whole military force and military operations of the state," were placed under the control and direction of the pseudo confederacy "for offensive as well as defensive purposes." Allow that their whole proceedings were revolutionary in the best sense of that word, it would nevertheless seem that no such steps should have been taken without the previously expressed direction of the people; but even after their accomplishment they did not pretend* to submit these measures to the voters. They merely directed that if the secession ordinance was negatived, these should be deemed and taken to be annulled.
At length the day appointed to take the vote of the people for or against the secession already in operation, arrived. Every means of intimidating the voters who had not already been driven from their homes, and who still clung to the Union, was used. The military, a portion of which was brought from other seceding states, beset the polls; threats of personal violence were made, and intimations were broadly given that those who would not acquiesce in secession would be compelled to leave the state. Whatever may have been the result of that vote, we repudiate it on account of this intimidation, as well as on account of the illegality of the convention and its acts. That which was wrong in its inception, could not be made right by subsequent proceedings which did not change its character.
These high handed and violent acts of the usurpers compelled the people to abjure their allegiance to the United States, or to denounce the authority of the Richmond oligarchy. Those charged with the administration of the state government, had voluntarily submitted to a jurisdiction unknown to the convention and laws, and had thus practically vacated the offices with which they had been charged. With great unanimity the people of West Virginia determined to remain faithful to the state and national constitutions and laws to which they had been accustomed. If they remained loyal, and could prevent their section of the state being occupied by the rebel forces, it was a necessity, in order to avoid a state of anarchy, that some government should be constituted to take the place of that which had been subverted.
On the 13th of May 1861, by a movement almost spontaneous, the loyal people of the northwestern counties assembled in mass meeting at the city of Wheeling, to deliberate on their condition and the steps it behoved them to take. After much discussion, the result was that they invited the loyal people of the whole state to assemble in convention at the same city, on the eleventh of June then next, "to devise such measures and take such action as the safety and welfare of the loyal citizens of Virginia may demand." This convention was formal in every respect. It was to be composed of the members of the legislature previously duly elected under the existing constitution and laws, and of delegates proportioned to the population of the counties, each being entitled to at least one.
The convention duly assembled, having delegates from counties situated to the east as well as to the west of the Alleghanies. On the 13th of June, 1861, they unanimously adopted a Declaration of Right, in which, after briefly reciting the acts of the usurping convention and executive, "in the name and on the behalf of the good people of Virginia," they solemnly declare "that the preservation of their dearest rights and liberties, and their security in person and property, imperatively demand the reorganization of the government of the commonwealth; and that all acts of the convention and executive tending to separate this commonwealth from the United States, or to levy and carry on war against them, are without authority and void; and that the offices of all who adhere to the said constitution and executive, whether legislative, executive or judicial, are vacated." Is there a loyal man anywhere who will dissent from the operative part of this declaration?
The loyal convention then proceeded to appoint for a limited period a governor and other executive officers, and to pass such ordinances as the circumstances in which their constituents were placed required, but carefully abstained from any alteration of the state constitution not imperatively demanded by the exigencies of the time. They directed the legislature, elected under the old regime, to assemble at Wheeling within a month, requiring the members to take an oath to support the re-organized government; which body, in due time, provided for an election by the people of the officers temporarily appointed by the convention and elective under the constitution, and re-appointed the others. Since then the government has been administered under the constitution and laws theretofore in force. The courts of justice have been open in every part of the state not occupied by the rebels; taxes have been levied and collected, and, in short, all the powers of a regularly organized government have been exercised and respected.
The gravamen of the charge preferred by the loyal people of the state through their convention is that the powers of the state government, granted for the promotion of the welfare and the protection and security of the people, had been, by those formerly charged with their administration, perverted to their injury and oppression. This is the very case which the Act of Ratification of Virginia declares would justify a resumption by the people of the United States of the powers granted under their constitution. The principles established by the great revolutions of the sixteenth, seventeenth and eighteenth centuries - the Dutch, the English and the American - are confidently appealed to for example and justification wherever free government, or the love of it, finds a resting place. To those principles and to the acts which led to and accompanied their promulgation, the loyal people of Virginia confidently appeal for the vindication of the measures they solemnly, and with a due sense of their responsibility, adopted, in the difficult circumstances in which they were placed.
On the 26th of July, 1581, the United Provinces of the Netherlands, having then passed through fifteen of the eighty years of their war of independence, renounced their allegiance to Phillip II of Spain by a solemn act of abjuration. In that instrument they set forth the grievances they had suffered at his hands for a quarter of a century, and declared "that they were sufficiently justified in forsaking a sovereign who for more than twenty years had forsaken them." In the preamble they say: "All mankind know that a prince is appointed by God to cherish his subjects, even as a shepherd his sheep. When, therefore, the prince does not fulfill his duty as protector; when he oppresses his subjects, destroys their ancient liberties, and treats them as slaves, he is to be considered, not a prince, but a tyrant. As such, the estates of the land may lawfully and reasonably depose him, and elect another in his room."
A little wore than a century later, on the 12th of February, 1688-9, the Lords and Commons of England, sitting, not in Parliament, but in a convention of two houses, published a Declaration of Right, by which they deposed their king, James II, and called William and Mary to the throne. "The Declaration," says Macaulay, "began by recapitulating the crimes and errors which made a revolution necessary. James had invaded the province of the legislature; had treated modest petitioning as a crime; had oppressed the church by means of an illegal tribunal; had, without the consent of Parliament, levied taxes and maintained a standing army in time of peace; had violated the freedom of elections, and perverted the course of justice. Proceedings which could lawfully be questioned only in Parliament had been made the subjects of prosecution in the King's Bench. Partial and corrupt juries had been returned. Excessive bail had been required from prisoners; excessive fines had been imposed; barbarous and unusual punishments had been inflicted; the estates of accused persons had been granted away before conviction. He, by whose authority these things had been done, had abdicated the government."
It is unnecessary to quote at length from the Declaration of Independence by which our sires declared themselves absolved from all allegiance to the British crown and claimed their political independence. They too set forth their grievances, and plainly declared that, whenever a government becomes destructive of the ends for which it was instituted, it is the right of the people to alter or abolish it, and to provide new guards for their future security. This principle was the basis of action in the preceding resolutions, as it was of the proceedings of the loyal people of Virginia in 1861.
In the first two cases there was no change in the form of government, although the United Provinces subsequently became a republic; nor has any such change been made or attempted by the loyal people of Virginia. A simple deposition of the officers who had perverted the powers with which they had been intrusted was made, and the vacancies filled by new appointments, and then the new constitution of 1850-51 and the laws made under it were again in force. If it was a revolution, it was produced by intolerable grievances, and was conducted with all the formalities of the world-approved and time-honored precedents we have cited. The complaint was not that oppressive laws had been passed in legal form; but that the measures inaugurated by the usurpers, and which they were attempting to enforce, tended to the overthrow of the very foundations of the government, and the substitution of an oligarchy or military despotism.
The reorganized government has been formally recognised by the executive, by the Congress, and in one instance at least by the judiciary of the United States. Elections, under its authority, for Representatives in Congress, have been held in the east as well as in the west, and those elected have been admitted to seats in that body. Its legislature is the legislature of the whole state, and is competent to do what any previous legislature could have done. The fact, that in a large portion of the state the citizens are in open rebellion, cannot affect its constitutionality or the extent of its powers, although the exercise of the latter is temporarily circumscribed. Nor does it detract from its authority to do all that the Constitution permits, that there are numerous vacancies in its membership. Are not the two houses sitting at Washington the constitutional Congress of the United States, although the exercise of its authority is also temporarily circumscribed and many of its seats are unoccupied? There can be but one reply to this question; and the same reply must be given when a similar inquiry is made as to the legislature recently in session at Wheeling.
If that legislature is legally competent to do any act whatever, it was competent to give the consent of the State of Virginia to the formation and erection of the State of West Virginia within the jurisdiction of the former. Say that it was ungenerous or unwise to act upon the question at a time like this, still the consent given was a legal and constitutional consent; and that, with the approbation of a majority of the voters voting on the subject, and the consent of Congress, is all that is required to place West Virginia by the side of Vermont, Kentucky and Maine. But we contend that the movement was neither ungenerous nor unwise. Are we expected to seek the approbation of those who have disfranchised themselves by their disloyalty? The reorganized government will remain the constitutional government of the residue of Virginia, with power to extend its operations as fast and as far as the progress of the Union armies will permit; and in whatever way the national difficulties may be adjusted, the reorganized and the proposed governments must be recognised as the governments of states of the United States, on an equal footing with the original states.
We have thus disposed of the last, and, as our opponents profess to think, the most formidable objection to the erection of the proposed State. We have dwelt upon it at more length than was necessary simply to confute it. We embraced this opportunity to show upon what impregnable foundations the reorganized government of Virginia has been reared. It was due to those who composed the Convention of June 1861, and to the people who have approved and ratified what they proposed, to vindicate their bold, but deliberate and well considered act, against the aspersions by which it has been recently assailed.
We deem it superfluous to urge you to use your best exertions to secure a full vote in favor of the amended Constitution. You are too well aware of the numerous advantages a separate organization will secure to you and your posterity, to yield to objections preferred, for the most part, by those whose sympathies are with the rebels who are seeking your destruction. These objections, however plausibly urged, do not relate to matters which can have any practical effect upon your welfare, or the prosperity of the proposed State. Your duty in all cases is to promote the moral and material interests of yourselves, your children, your fellow- citizens, and your country. No case can be presented for your consideration and action where the opportunity to secure that result is more certainly in your power. A unanimous, or nearly unanimous, vote of the people, accepting the amended constitution, will be the most effectual refutation of all the objections that have been or can be urged.
By order of the Convention,
A. D. SOPER, President of the Convention.
Ellery R. Hall, Secretary.
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Naming of Parts
‘Today we have naming of parts. Yesterday
We had daily cleaning. And tomorrow morning,
We shall have what to do after firing. But today,
Today we have naming of parts. Japonica
Glistens like coral in all the neighbouring gardens,
And today we have naming of parts.
This is the lower sling swivel. And this
Is the upper sling swivel, whose use you will see,
When you are given your slings. And this is the piling swivel,
Which in your case you have not got. The branches
Hold in the gardens their silent, eloquent gestures,
Which in our case we have not got.
This is the safety-catch, which is always released
With an easy flick of the thumb. And please do not let me
See anyone using his finger. You can do it quite easy
If you have any strength in your thumb. The blossoms
Are fragile and motionless, never letting anyone see
Any of them using their finger.
And this you can see is the bolt. The purpose of this
Is to open the breech, as you see. We can slide it
Rapidly backwards and forwards: we call this
Easing the spring. And rapidly backwards and forwards
The early bees are assaulting and fumbling the flowers:
They call it easing the Spring.
They call it easing the Spring: it is perfectly easy
If you have any strength in your thumb: like the bolt,
And the breech, and the cocking-piece, and the point of balance,
Which in our case we have not got; and the almond-blossom
Silent in all of the gardens and the bees going backwards and forwards,
For today we have naming of parts.’ Henry Reed (From warpoets.org )
Henry Reed wrote three war poems in the 1940s, one of which is ‘Naming of parts’. Reed was conscripted into the Royal Army Ordnance Corps in England in 1941 but after falling ill he was transferred to the Bletchley Park Code and Cipher School. There, being fluent in Italian he was assigned to breaking Italian codes, later learning Japanese and moving to the Japanese section.
Two worlds, in one tight discipline instilled according to a set of rules, making it easy to spot the offenders, the non-compliers. The life or death need to know your rifle, rote learning and Army Regulations, the internal world of the soldier, discipline and power. Thumb, not finger on the safety catch to make you an efficient killer. And in the background the other world of life of the human being, golden Japonica in the garden, the bees busy in the flowers, following the path of the seasons. Spring with two meanings.
Naming of terms
All scientists have one thing in common, whichever school they come from, quantitative or qualitative, philosophical or engineering. They always start work with the naming of parts, because however complete your knowledge of what to do and how to do it, it’s useless if you don’t know which bit of the universe you’re going to apply it to.
In schools discipline undefined is everything to everyone. A report this week says that comprehensive schools with grammar-school like discipline, detention, exclusion and all, achieve the best results. Another report says that exclusion is linked to the rise in children’s mental ill health.
Exclusion is presented as the undefined ‘last resort’ by Government and Guru alike and in line with their advice a prestigious London Grammar school is in the news for excluding students on the grounds their A level scores are below the standard the headteacher sets.
In a primary school the headteacher has made the headlines because she disciplined badly behaved children by excluding them from class and shutting them up in a small room for a spell of solitary confinement. Yet this school within a multi academy trust has declared values;
“We offer children a balanced curriculum in a rich and purposeful environment, focused on preparing our pupils for the future. We have good teachers, good standards, a well-developed sense of pastoral care, and values that underpin all that we do. Above all, Tollgate is a community in which children can grow. We seek to develop the whole child, so that ultimately he or she can enter the fast changing world with confidence and ready to make a really positive contribution.”
“Tollgate Primary School aims to provide an environment where children have the independence, respect and opportunities to make good choices which will increase their learning potential throughout their lives.” Presumably locking children up was her way to carry the values through into practice and a well-developed sense of pastoral care.
Meanwhile the current Government Behaviour Adviser says that detention works and schools should be using it more, on the grounds that removing a disruptive child from class means they can’t disrupt it, the same argument that Michael Howard advanced for his claim that prison works which lead to a dramatic rise in the prison population. If you lock up burglars they don’t burgle, Q E D. But there’s no mention of the educational rationale for detention, in school or prison.
The naming of parts and The Table of Exclusion.
The scientist Mendeleef created the Periodic Table of Elements to solve a messy problem. Elements exist in three phases and in a bewildering number of types and colours, but do they have any fixed relationship to one another? He decided to try ordering them according to the number of protons they had in each atom and it worked. They fell into a stable pattern that even predicted the position of elements that hadn’t been discovered in Mendeleef’s lifetime. He named all the parts.
What could we use as a basic ordering characteristic for exclusion?
Is it exclusion as pedagogy? Can we list types of exclusion, a form of punishment, in terms of intended learning outcomes? So public naming and shaming = a, naughty step = b, in-class segregation = c, out-of-class isolation = d, after school detention = e, fixed-term exclusion = f, permanent exclusion = g? The behavioural psychologists who ordered reward and punishment as reinforcers of behaviour clearly stated that punishment interrupts existing behaviour but does not lead to new learning, so it can’t be that.
Is it judicial? For an offender to be found guilty of a crime there has to be due process, with a statutory offence, impartial evidence of guilt and intention to offend, a defence lawyer and a means of assessing guilt by judge or jury. Does the behaviour policy detail due process? Is there automatic right of appeal against sentence? No, so it can’t be that.
Is it an act of retribution? Is it revenge for defiance of authority, for failure to comply? Is no more than the expression of the power adults can exert over children?
And running the background is the life of the child, with attachment and belonging, playing with friends in the park, dreaming of dragons in the night. Trying to make sense of words with two meanings.
Exclusion is a mess. There’s no way I can see of ordering it at all, so let’s start somewhere else. Zero exclusion and what comes next. | <urn:uuid:0cc4611a-9b2a-44f5-8e80-e211f2bf52ec> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.solution-support.co.uk/2017/09/03/naming-of-parts/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00271.warc.gz | en | 0.947413 | 1,533 | 2.515625 | 3 |
At least 400 ISIS fighters trained for attacks on Europe – report
Terror cells have been reportedly set up all across Europe and their main goal is to carry out as many attacks as possible, not just to kill as many people as possible – all in order to force European authorities to spend more money, the report said.
Leaders of these terrorist cells appear to be French-speaking individuals with links to North Africa, France and Belgium, according to a European security official who talked to AP on condition of anonymity. They are usually tasked with creating new attack strategies in Europe, he said.
When IS claimed responsibility for Tuesday’s attacks on Brussels, the extremist group mentioned a “secret cell of soldiers” that was sent to Brussels.
This kind of structure has also been confirmed by the EU police agency, Europol, which said in January that IS had “developed an external action command trained for special forces-style attacks.”
The training of the recruits seems to be a priority now, as it reportedly went from a short span of just a few weeks to a much longer time period. It also started to include battleground strategies, explosives, surveillance techniques and counter-surveillance, according to the security official.
“The difference is that in 2014, some of these IS fighters were only being given a couple weeks of training,” he said. “Now the strategy has changed. Special units have been set up. The training is longer. And the objective appears to no longer be killing as many people as possible but rather to have as many terror operations as possible, so the enemy is forced to spend more money or more in manpower.”
Moreover, it came to light that IS sometimes reuses terror cells. For example, IS militants who were involved in the Paris attacks have spread out across Europe, leaving for Germany, Britain, Italy, Denmark and Sweden, a senior Iraqi intelligence official said.
French Senator Nathalie Goulet, co-head of a commission tracking jihadi networks, estimated that anywhere from 400 to 600 IS fighters are being trained specifically for external attacks. She also said that around 5,000 Europeans have left the continent to go to Syria and join IS.
“The reality is that if we knew exactly how many there were, it wouldn’t be happening,” Goulet said.
The training camps are reportedly located in several countries, including Syria, Iraq and some unidentified “former Soviet bloc states.” Islamic State is also now giving its cells more control over when and how to proceed.
AP’s sources believe that the attacks on Brussels were a response to the arrest of the fugitive Salah Abdeslam, which happened just a few days earlier.
“To pull off an attack of this sophistication, you need training, planning, materials and a landscape,” Shiraz Maher, a senior research fellow at the International Centre for the Study of Radicalisation at Kings College in London, told the news agency. “Even if they worked flat out, the attackers in Brussels would have needed at least four days.”
After the attacks on Paris in November, Abdesalam fled and managed to create a new network, while hiding out in his childhood neighborhood of Molenbeek, Belgium, which has a large Muslim population, Belgian officials said.
“Not only did he drop out of sight, but he did so to organize another attack, with accomplices everywhere. With suicide belts. Two attacks organized just like in Paris. And his arrest, since they knew he was going to talk, it was a response: ‘So what if he was arrested? We’ll show you that it doesn’t change a thing,’” Goulet added.
Belgian authorities fear that one fugitive connected to Tuesday’s attacks in Brussels might follow the same path as Abdesalam. They discovered that a man in a white jacket, who was caught conversing with two suicide attackers on security footage, was able to disappear.
Tuesday blasts that rocked Brussels’ Zaventem Airport and the city’s Maalbeek Metro station, killing at least 31 people and injuring about 300. Two Brussels airport suicide bombers have been identified as Belgian-born brothers Khalid and Brahim El Bakraoui.
The third suspect, the bombmaker, has been named as Najim Laachraoui. He reportedly made his explosives out of regular household items. French and Belgian officials told AP that Laachraoui also made suicide vests for Paris attacks. Authorities said that DNA evidence points to the likelihood that he died during Brussels attacks.
'Ordered to strike when they see fit'
An American intelligence official speaking to The Mirror estimated the number of possible independent ISIS cells in Europe at more than 100. According to the source, the FBI has been working closely with the Belgians on identifying “a wider network” of terrorists operating in Europe.
Similar to the other estimates, the Americans believe around 450 bomb makers and other experts could have already received orders to carry out attacks at will: “They are to carry out coordinated attacks in their cells, but are left to decide a time and place of their choosing,” the source told the British newspaper on condition of anonymity.
“We understand the orders these men and women have been given are basic in the extreme… They are not waiting for anyone to tell them when.”
The warning comes as the FBI continues to work closely with Belgian intelligence on combatting what the source calls “a wider network” of jihadists in Europe.
“Currently attempts are being made from the information that is being gathered on the ground in Brussels to identify a wider network of fighters Tuesday's killers were in contact with.
“It seems although there has been a concentrated allied effort to take out the head of the snake in places like Mosul, the tail is where the sting lies,” the official said. | <urn:uuid:4da65761-3a01-4273-9384-843fdde5f70f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.rt.com/news/336978-isis-training-external-attacks/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279368.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00320-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.979948 | 1,230 | 1.578125 | 2 |
And drawing back from my own (reasonably low-key) issues for a moment. Betterhelp Plugin…could e-counselling be the answer to the mental health concerns escalating among under-30s? With cuts to mental health services really beginning to bite, digitised treatment could be simply the ticket for young people who already filter nearly every aspect of their lives– good friends, work, sex, entertainment– through a screen.
Not everybody is totally convinced that moving mental healthcare online is the method forward. “For me, what operate in treatment is when you fulfill somebody face-to-face, in the very same room,” states London-based psychotherapist Sandra Tapie. “You learn more about not only what it’s like to talk with the person, but how it feels to be in a space with them. Utilizing Skype is the next best thing: it’s ‘sufficient’, however it does not develop the closeness, the intimacy, that really gets people to open and check out things.”
” I have actually carried out some research into Skype counselling,” states London-based psychotherapist Dr Aaron Balick, “and it’s not the ‘functional equivalent’ of standard counselling; it’s simply not quite the same thing. It’s truly important that individuals who participate in it know that it’s a different experience from being in the space with somebody, speaking in person.”
” In terms of accessibility, it’s an excellent start and definitely better than nothing. It’ll hopefully lead them to ultimately showing up in the room.
In cases of mild depression, the NHS is now directing some clients towards online programs rather than face-to-face counselling, a phenomenon that worries Dr Balick. | <urn:uuid:a648aeea-7d47-4d15-ada9-e7dff3378cf3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.annmariewhatmough.co.uk/betterhelp-plugin/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00277.warc.gz | en | 0.946036 | 386 | 1.710938 | 2 |
Michel Houellebecq’s novel Submission raises important questions about the cultural crises of modernity. It reflects on the dialectics of post-secularism and post-democracy in ways that have become particularly salient in light of the terror attacks in Paris and San Bernadino. Today on TELOSscope, we continue our series of discussions of the novel with the following contribution by Michael Allan.
For scholars of religion and literature, Michel Houellebecq’s Submission glimmers like a shiny lure. The storyline contains the sorts of details that appeal to an easy and seductive journalistic gloss. The year is 2022. A charismatic Muslim prime minister is elected in France, and an almost caricatured series of events follows: men and women are separated; the university president converts to Islam and weds a young wife; professors are coerced to convert or retire early; and so on. Add to the plot Houellebecq’s professed Islamophobia and the massacre at Charlie Hebdo, and you have the ingredients of a newsworthy book to be addressed by critics, journalists, and readers across the world. Like a number of reviewers, I initially found myself lured to consider religion, secularism, and contemporary French politics against the backdrop of the newly published English translation. But as I began reading, I was confronted with a challenge of a different sort.
For a novel so frequently approached journalistically, it surprisingly begins not with any explicit discussion of religion or politics, but with a still more elusive category: literature. The opening section introduces us to the narrator, François, a professor of literature at Paris III, and to the nineteenth-century author Joris-Karl Huysmans, to whom François’ academic career is devoted. We learn in the first line that François’ connection to Huysmans exceeds that of any simple academic interest: “Through all the years of my sad youth Huysmans remained a companion, a faithful friend . . .”(5); and later, “. . . my boring, predictable life continued to resemble Huysmanss’ a century and a half before” (11). Alongside specific biographical details linking Huysmans and the narrator, the novel also offers more general reflections on the status of literature: “only literature can put you in touch with another human spirit, as a whole, with all its weaknesses and grandeurs, its limitations, its pettiness, its obsessions, its beliefs . . .” (6–7). We thus encounter a framework that underscores the identification of the narrator with the nineteenth-century author and simultaneously draws our attention to the place of literature in the modern world: “Much, maybe too much, has been written about literature” (6); and later, “The academic study of literature leads basically nowhere, as we all know” (10). Literature, then, serves at once as a humanist value, connecting human spirit across place and time, and an entirely trivial, professionally fruitless undertaking. In a novel otherwise presented as a projection into the future, we confront quite explicitly a literary past. The nineteenth-century Huysmans—that quintessential figure of authorship—haunts the work as more than a simple literary echo.
The late Edward Said famously remarked, “texts are worldly, to some degree they are events, and even when they appear to deny it, they are nevertheless part of the social world, human life, and of course the historical moments in which they are located and interpreted.” These lines have gone on to be interpreted by scholars such as Talal Asad, Gil Anidjar, and Stathis Gourgouris, each of whom in differing ways helps to consider the contours of Said’s secular criticism. At first blush, a novel like Submission would seem to call out for a situated, worldly reading. For one, Houellebecq is quite explicit about the resonance the scenario he plots has for the world in which he writes—so much so, in fact, that Adam Schatz describes Houellebecq as “a sly and witty chronicler.” That the novel engages as explicitly as it does with a contemporary France, even alluding to Marine Le Pen by name, would seem to invite exactly the sort of grounded, secular criticism that Said describes. The concurrence of Éric Zemmour’s notorious bestseller or the events surrounding Charlie Hebdo necessary lend to understanding this novel in its historical moment. The gravity of Houellebecq’s novel derives, it would seem, from its capacity to diagnose underlying cultural anxieties around questions of religion and politics.
And yet, it strikes me that Submission invites considerations that exceed any simple contextual or thematic reading. On the pages of the New Yorker, Adam Gopnik reads Houellebecq’s novel as a satire; Mark Lilla in the New York Review of Books takes it to be a new genre of “the dystopian conversion tale”; and in an interview with Sylvain Bourmeau, Houellebecq claims the novel is best understood as political fiction. Genre matters not because one needs to classify the text, but because it delimits how this novel comes to be read. And whether satire, a conversion tale, or political fiction, no one disagrees that the story is a work of fiction. And as a work of fiction, it immediately functions differently than it would were it a speech act of a different sort. Not only does the novel itself complicate historical temporality, projecting forward to France in 2022 and looking backward to the nineteenth century, but it assumes a frame that makes reading this story as a story possible. This frame, we could say, is the status of the novel not as journalism, nor as history, but as fiction. In this sense, yes, of course, the text is worldly, but it is also a fictional world imagined through the literary contours of the genre it assumes. And as a fictional world it relies heavily upon the terms of the literary education embodied in François and his connection to Huysmans.
I wonder, then, what it might mean to take seriously a speculative observation at the conclusion of Michel Foucault’s famous essay “What is an Author?” Reflecting on the formation of the author in the eighteenth century, Foucault writes, “if we are accustomed to presenting the author as a genius, as a perpetual surging of invention, it is because, in reality, we make him function in exactly the opposite fashion.” And in what follows, Foucault speculates further about the connection between the author and fiction in general: “I seem to call for a form of culture,” he writes, “in which fiction would not be limited by the figure of the author.” He notes that since the eighteenth century the author has “played the role of the regulatory of the fictive,” and he considers what might happen if fiction is no longer contained, restrained, and domesticated by the author function. Houellebecq’s novel—and even the story it contains on its pages—is fundamentally concerned with the contours of the literary regime that Foucault describes. Indeed, authorship haunts Houellebecq’s work in the form of Huysmans, in the form of the literary career of its narrator, and in the form of Houellebecq himself, who enjoys the status of literary celebrity, albeit not always favorable, in the French press. Reading for secularity in the novel, I would argue, extends us beyond the details of the story to the conditions in which the story itself comes to be understood as fiction. And as fiction, it comes to matter in a particular way in large part due to the author function it performs.
My point here is not to target Houellebecq for good or bad representations of a political future, nor to anchor his imaginings in him as an author or the world from which he stems. Instead, if we take the literary dimensions of the novel seriously, then we are led to address the form of representation the novel makes possible—that is, the status of the novel as fiction. The fictive world on the pages of Submission affirms, celebrates, and, yes, even critiques the literary, but nevertheless relies upon its conventions. It is the literary, after all, that helps secure Houellebecq’s speech as a journalistic curiosity, but merely a curiosity. Were it speech of any other sort—scripture, law, history, or even an interview—it would be subject to a different sort of inquiry. Literature, then, presumes its own hermeneutic, and it is a hermeneutic carefully policed by those readers who claim to appreciate literature the most. It is a hermeneutic offered to us at the start of this particular novel in François’ reflections and his scorn for the world that fiction has now become. It is a hermeneutic, we might say, that renders the novel the domain of purposelessness inquiry—merely fiction.
What a luxury this must be. What a luxury to hide in the shroud of literariness. The novel at once intrigues for its engagement with contemporary politics and yet retreats at precisely the moment it would be read as a speech act—it is a work of literature, we are told. The question that confronts us when taking stock of the text, then, is to consider the contours of the literary as itself an outgrowth of secularity. The reflections with which the novel both opens and closes, the musings of Huysmans confronted with questions of conversion, and the narrator connecting his own situation to that of the nineteenth-century past—these are the reflections made possible through the novel as form, its formulation of characters, identification, and modes of consciousness. In this regard, Houellebecq is not so much exceptional. He merely does what other novelists do. But we readers, easily seduced by the journalistic lure of the fictional future, may all too easily overlook the prominent haunting of the literary past.
1. Michel Houellebecq, Submission (Paris: Flammarion, 2015), and in English, Submission: A Novel, trans. Lorin Stein (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2015). Page numbers and citations in what follow draw from the English version.
2. Edward Said, The World, the Text, and the Critic (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1983), p. 4.
3. See Talal Asad, “Historical Notes on the Idea of Secular Criticism,” The Immanent Frame, 2008; Gil Anidjar, “Secularism,” Critical Inquiry 33 (Autumn 2006): 52–77; Stathis Gourgouris, Lessons in Secular Criticism (New York: Fordham University Press, 2013).
4. Adam Shatz, “Colombey-les-deux-Mosquées,” London Review of Books 37, no. 7 (2015).
5. Here I refer to Éric Zemmour’s Le suicide français (Paris: Albin Michel, 2014) and to the publication of Houellebecq’s Submission on January 7, 2015—the same day as the massacre at Charlie Hebdo.
6. Tempting though it would be to read the status of conversion in the text—and the interchangability of Islam (for François) and Catholicism (for Huysmans) as parallel conversions—here I would suggest that secularity be sought not as a thematic issue in the text, but rather a function of the literary frame the text itself occupies.
7. Adam Gopnik, “The Next Thing: Michel Houellebecq’s Francophobic Satire,” New Yorker, January 26, 2015; Mark Lilla, “Slouching Toward Mecca,” New York Review of Books, April 2, 2015; Sylvain Boumeau, “Scare Tactics: Michel Houellebecq Defends His Controversial New Book,” Paris Review, January 2, 2015.
8. Michel Foucault, “What is an Author?” in Paul Rabinow, ed., The Foucault Reader (New York: Pantheon, 1984), pp. 101–20.
9. Ibid., p. 119. | <urn:uuid:7a4bb064-f388-4ec9-96c2-bde425583cc0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.telospress.com/fictional-futures-and-literary-pasts-reflections-on-houellebecqs-submission/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281450.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00171-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.946478 | 2,590 | 1.570313 | 2 |
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Endangered Animal Presentation *Panda Bears*
Transcript of Endangered Animal Presentation *Panda Bears*
How many of these species are left in the world? Panda Bears! Presented by: Kaitlyn Myles What does your animal look like as an adult? Adult Pandas weigh as much as 330 lb. What do pandas look like when its born? How many babies does the female panda carry? How long does it take babies to mature into adulthood? Panda cubs develop slowly, which makes them very vulnerable. Like many newborn animals,baby pandas are blind,helpless and tiny -about the size of a rat- and they can't walk for the first 4 months. What do Panda Bears eat?
How do Pandas interact with their own species? Pandas normally only eat bamboo. They eat up to 85 pounds of bamboo each and everyday. That's almost a third of their body weight! . Due: May 8th 2013 Pandas are endangered because humans leveled whole bamboo forests to make room for homes and farms. About 1600 pandas are left in the wild with Around 150 pandas in zoos around the world Panda bears live in temperate-zone bamboo forests in central China The mother can carry up to 2 babies but sadly can only care for 1 so usually the other baby dies. After a year pandas are able to defend themselves. It takes 3 years for pandas to be fully grown and completely independent. Pandas normally don't interact with other pandas. What is your animals habitat? How do they spend most of their time? When bamboo is gone in one area they move to a new area. Pandas spend most of their time eating because bamboo doesn't give them a whole lot of energy so they have to eat more bamboo to get energy. What can we do to help your animal to not be endangered? We can STOP cutting down bamboo forests! WORK CITED:
Where Have All The Padnas Gone? Questions and Answers about Endangered Species. BY: Melvin Berger. Up to 6 feet long On all four legs they are 2 to 3 ft. tall. Black and white fur Handle with Care BY:Philippa Werry | <urn:uuid:f37285a3-f2d7-413e-913e-025a73de6ad7> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://prezi.com/h4aznomcw_j9/endangered-animal-presentation-panda-bears/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279410.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00167-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.936407 | 596 | 2.84375 | 3 |
The hibachi is a Japanese cast-iron charcoal grill, used both indoors and out for barbequing and cooking. The word “hibachi” translates to “fire box” or “fire bowl.” While given a Japanese name, the origin is believed to be Chinese. The original hibachi was not a grill at all, but used as a heat source. This portable burner has been used for centuries to warm the home, cook food, and keep tea hot. Just like the stove or fireplace, the hibachi was a central place where family could gather together.
Hibachis come in a variety of shapes, sizes, and materials. They can be round, rectangular, or oval. One type of traditional round hibachi is designed so that a pile of charcoals lies in the center, surrounded by ash in the shape of a crater. This is meant to resemble the fires of the great Mt. Fuji. While the smallest hibachis are tiny burners made for individual use, they range in size up to double-grills that are twenty-four by twelve inches, comparable to an American barbeque grill. Most hibachis are made from black cast-iron, but some are made from ceramic or porcelain. In the past, hibachis have been crafted from exotic woods like pagoda or mulberry, or even bronze. While traditional grills use charcoal, there are some modern models that use gas.
Despite differences in style and material, each type of hibachi is made up of the same main components: the grill, the grate, and the draft door. The grill, where hood is prepared, has handles. This allows the grill to be removed when you start your fire or adjust the firebed, as well as for cleaning purposes. The removable grate, lying three to four inches below the grill, is where the charcoal is held. Kindling and paper are placed in the bottom of the hibachi to get the fire going. This is where the ashes of the fire end up and where the draft door sits. By opening this vent, you can let air into the hibachi and control the temperature of fire.
Hibachis have a wide variety of traditional and nontraditional uses. They can be used to roast nuts, prepare appetizers and grilled dishes (yakimono) from meat, rice cakes, or vegetables, and even make desserts. They can also be used as a stove for stir fry dishes or “nabe,” one-pot, cooking. It is important to note, however, that hibachis should not be used to prepare an entire meal, or meats that are high in fat or have a long cooking time.
While the hibachi is a grill, this does not mean that it can only be used outdoors. In Japanese culture, grilling is often done inside, even tableside. Always make sure to allow for proper ventilation.
When cooking seafood, meat, or poultry, it is important to obey certain rules to ensure that your meal comes out right. When cooking fish, it is best if it is fresh. It is also important to be sure the fire is not too hot; if overcooked, your fish could turn out dry. To avoid this, baste often and wrap in wet cornhusks or aluminum foil. For beef, the more tender, the better. If your recipe calls for thin strips, trim your beef and then freeze it. A sharp knife will be able to cut through it easily. Leg of lamb is best for cooking on skewers. Loin chops are better for grilling. Be sure to cook pork thoroughly; it should be white when done. Poultry requires more grilling time than seafood, fish, or other meats. Like fish, it should be basted often. If you marinade your chicken with wine, vinegar, or lemon juice, it will help tenderize the meat. When adding sauce, wait until ten to fifteen minutes before cooking is done, as it can char.
The hibachi can also be used to grill fruits such as bananas or apricots for a variety of delicious desserts. Be sure to clean the grill well when transitioning between meat and fruit.
If you think you’re ready to own your own hibachi, look no further. Our cast-iron Hibachi Grill is stylish and durable. Or try our Shabu Shabu/Hibachi Grill Base, perfect if you are grilling for two. While you’re shopping, be sure to browse our excellent selection of cookbooks for Asian recipes you can make at home.
Get a head start with the hibachi grill recipes below (from Honorable Hibachi):
1 lb. shrimp, cleaned
1/3 cup soy sauce
¼ cup sesame oil
1 Tbsp. brown sugar
1 Tbsp. finely chopped fresh ginger root or ¾ tsp. powdered ginger
3 scallions, including some of the green, chopped fine
Combine all ingredients and marinate 3 to 4 hours in the refrigerator.
Drain the shrimp, reserving the marinade.
Skewer and grill them over a medium bed of coals 5 to 6 minutes, turning, and basting frequently with marinade.
Japanese Broiled Chicken (Yakitori)
2 whole chicken breasts
½ cup shoyu or soy sauce
½ cup sake (rice wine) or sherry or vermouth
2 Tbsp. brown sugar
1 tsp. Pressed fresh ginger root or ½ tsp. powdered ginger
Split, skin, and bone chicken breasts and cut into ¾-inch squares. Clean scallions and cut into ¾-inch lengths.
Remove from coals, sprinkle lightly with a little cayenne pepper. If desired, marinade can be used as a dip.
On well-soaked bamboo skewers, alternate chicken and scallion pieces.
Combine shoyu, wine, brown sugar, and ginger, and pout over skewered chicken and scallions in a deep platter. Marinate at least 1 hour, turning occasionally.
Set oiled grill at level highest from glowing charcoal bed. Lift skewers from marinade and drain excess. Grill for 10 to 12 minutes, removing from heat 3 or 4 times to roll in marinade.
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Sometimes, just near to publishing something, or sending it to the printer, I envy a bit other authors – everything they write is so terrible clear easy to understand — and then I remember what a colleague one wrote, Kant, it is some comfort …
many a book would have been much clearer if it had not been made quite so clear. For the aids to clarity helpb in the partsbut often confuse in the whole, since the reader cannot quickly enough attain a survey of the whole; and all their bright colors paint over and make unrecognizable the articulation or structure of the system, which yet matters most when it comes to judging its unity and soundness.
In the following the forward is published, in German and English language. Thinking back the line of my academic work since then, I have to say that I never did what so many of the colleagues said oder the years: I closed this chapter once and forever. I did not even think this would be tempting …
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Die Organisation. Eine Analyse Moderner Gesellschaft – Vorwort zur unveränderten Wiederauflage
Organisationen sind, so wird gesagt, lernende Einheiten. Sicher ist dies in mancher Hinsicht nicht zu bestreiten, aber doch lässt sich auch schnell zögern, denn die Frage ist doch zunächst sehr grundsätzlich, ob denn Organisationen überhaupt als handlungsfähige Einheiten bestehen. Ihnen einen solchen Charakter zuzusprechen bedeutet letztlich, dass man sie als vollständig verselbständigte Einheiten sieht, die Menschen darin im Grunde zu unselbstständigen Ausführungsorganen degradiert, und zugleich die historisch-gesellschaftlichen Bedingungen zu Randglossen verkommen (sind).
Das mag tatsächlich oft durchaus so erscheinen – und die persönliche Erfahrung des Engagements in den fast dreißig Jahren seit der hier unverändert aufgelegten Studie, gesammelt in verschiedenen Bereichen und verschiedenen Ländern, gaben oftmals Anlass zu solchem Gedanken an ein „Vergib Ihnen nicht – sie machen sonst doch nur, was sie selbst wollen“. Zugleich aber ist doch ein Punkt hervorzuheben, der in der Arbeit gemacht wurde – vor allem mit einem Zitat von Antonio Gramsci belegt: bei solchen scheinbaren Detailbetrachtungen wie Parteien, Organisationen etc., muss man die ganze Geschichte der relevanten Länder mitdenken.
Tatsächlich kann daran wohl der Kern gesehen werden, der allen Zweifeln entgegensteht: die damalige Analyse hat sicher manches voreilig verallgemeinert. Aber die grundlegende Unterscheidung der handlungstechnischen Dimension der Aneignung einerseits, der verwertungsmäßigen Dimension andererseits ist eine sinnvolle Handreichung vor alle auch bei der Entwicklung strategisches Handeln und bei Überlegungen, innerhalb von Organisationen ein solches zu entwickeln. Dies gilt es dann eben konkret in den historischen Analysen zu entwickeln. Und wird dann auch schnell deutlich, dass „Verselbstständigungen“ schlicht morbide Erscheinungen sind.
Das ermöglicht auch, Organisationen in einem gesamtgesellschaftlichen Rahmen von doch immer noch modernen kapitalistischen Gesellschaften zu verorten. Intermediär ist ihre Rolle nicht nur als Vermittlungsinstanz verschiedener „Ebenen“ gesellschaftlichen Handelns, sondern auch im Sinne von Vermittlungen zwischen verschiedenen Möglichkeitshorizonten. In diesem Sinn muss man wohl sagen, dass der Sieg der verselbstständigten Organisation nichts anderes ist, als der Sieg der konservativen Kräfte auch in einer Zeit des Interregnum, jener Phase, von der Antonio Gramsci schrieb, dass die Krise darin bestehe, dass das Alte zwar im Sterben liege, aber das Neue noch nicht geboren werden kann. Die morbiden Erscheinungen, die bei dem italienischen Hegemoniekritiker betont wurden, sind eben nicht zuletzt Organisationen, die ein „Heim“ für jene bieten, die den Weg in die Neuzeit verpassen.
Dank gilt dem Wiener Verlag, namentlich Herrn Heribert Renkin. Nunmehr hat der Verlag unter neuer Leitung dieses Projekt übernommen.
Łódź/Berlin, March 2019
The Organisation. An Analysis of Modern Society – forword to the republished original work
Organisations are, it is said, learning units. Of course, in some respects this cannot be denied, but one may well hesitate, because the initial question is a different, and a very fundamental one, namely whether organisations do exist at all as units capable of action. To attribute such a character to them ultimately means that they are seen as completely independent units, people being basically degraded to dependent executives, and at the same time the historical and social conditions made to marginalia.
This may indeed often seem to be the case – not least the personal experience of engaging during the almost thirty years since the study had been originally published, experience made in different areas and different countries, often gave rise to he thought “Do not forgive them – they will otherwise only do what they want to do themselves“. At the same time, however, one point should be emphasised – made in the study itself above all by quoting Antonio Gramsci who suggested that in such analysis of detailed phenomena as parties, organisations, etc., one has to think along the line of the entire history of the country in question.
In fact, we can see the core of this demand indeed also in the presented work: while the analysis certainly generalised some issues prematurely, one point proved to be valuable: the fundamental distinction between the technical dimension of appropriation on the one hand, and the exploitative dimension on the other. This is a meaningful help, especially in the development of strategic action and when it comes to considerations of developing change oriented action within organisations. This must then be developed concretely in the historical analyses: it becomes quickly clear that “autonomies” are simply morbid phenomena.
This makes it also possible to locate organisations within the overall social framework of still modern capitalist societies. They are not only intermediaries in their role as mediators of different “levels” of social action and classes; they are so as well in the sense of mediation between different horizons of possibility. In this sense, it must be said that the victory of the independent organisation is nothing else than the victory of the conservative forces even in a time of interregnum, the phase of which Antonio Gramsci wrote that the crisis consists in the fact that the old is dying, but the new cannot yet be born. The morbid phenomena stressed by the Italian critic of hegemony are not least organisations that offer a “home” for those who miss the road to modern times, some kind of zombies.
My thanks go to the Vienna Press, namely Mr. Heribert Renkin; he has taken over this project in the publishing house which is now under a completely new management.
Or New Years Eve, celebrated those days when it had been linked to the vernal equinox. Some uproar in the BaseCamp because of some mates celebrating NEWRUZ … not worthwhile elaborating on this quarrel in detail (though there is much to learn about this holiday, now also internationally recognised). But I was chatting with Loay about it, and expressed my conviction that we have in general so much nationalism in our thinking, not the extreme but just the apparent need to classify everything and everybody, not least making reference to nationality: “We” (people of the country 1 or 2 or country 148 …) are so different, special, compared with the others … . It may well be about being especially good, but also about especially neglecting, neglected, poor untidy … And “they” are … and yes, so often it is about negative things: “their music”, “their meals and eating habits”, “their law”, “their attitude to work” … and one may even add: though often there is some truth in it, there are too often ridiculous prejudices, stereotypes and unjustified generalisations.
Still, I am wondering why we are so often sticking together – I still remember my time in Brussels:
Les Français avec les Français, Język polski z polskim, Na Gaeilge leis na Gaeilge, Gli italiani con gli italiani, Die Deutschen mit den Deutschen – occasionally one felt alone, not being French, Polish, Irish, German or anything … until one decides for this and other reasons it is Time to Say Good-Bye, moving forward, leaving so many behind
A lot has to do with lack of knowledge, missing opportunity to engage in deep learning. Why are we talking about deep learning for computers and any IT-“self”-driving cars, while we are forgetting over all this the need to have deep learning as part of school and university curricular?
Soon to be published, interesting in this context:
Peter Herrmann: Right to Stay_Right to Move, With a preface by Lorena Ossio Vienna: Vienna Academic Press.
(well, anything though surely no slide-presentation-simplification)
A colleague in Turkey had been
charged with “propagandizing for a terrorist organization” (Article No. 7/2 of Turkey’s Anti-Terror Law No. 3713) for signing the Academics for Peace statement “We will not be a party to this crime”. The statement criticized military actions in the Kurdish regions of Turkey and called for international observers to monitor the situation in place.
The colleague had been charged, and confronted with a “choice”: accepting being sentenced, with this admitting that the political activism had been a criminal verdict – then being “gratified” with the suspension of the sentence – the alternative: appealing and going to jail if the appeal is rejected.
Looking at it as matter of human rights, the case grasps attention on this/such case as it is the state who hinders the citizen to express a personal opinion – other issues may be raised.The human rights issue is about the fact, that HR emerged especially (if not only) as matter of protecting citizens (thought as being “global”, though implicitly “private”) against arbitrariness of the state.
So far, so good. Only now comes the interesting part.The message – and call for action – came from the UK, currently also known as BREXITUK and had been sent by a colleague, using the university office mail at the
University of [… ] which is a charity and company limited by guarantee, registered in England (reg.no …)
Hesitation: First, I simply thought “a university”
Second thought (not the first time though): uni as charity sounds strange – education as charity, doing good. Doing so but to and for whom in whose name?
charity (n.) late Old English, “benevolence for the poor,” also “Christian love in its highest manifestation,” from Old French charité “(Christian) charity, mercy, compassion; alms ….caritas by ‘charity.’ But the 16th c. Eng. versions from …
Doesn’t it say in Mathew 5.3.
“Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.
Well, this opening for other field . I will have a go for that in another occasion …
For here and now, adding to the puzzlement: does it mean a private body, engaging something like “spirit of general interest”, benevolent to society by providing education. This is actually a tricky one (yes, sloooooooooww reading, more thinking): it easily entails
the public, commonly understood as “statutory”, provided by the state, is not providing what it should provide, thus some other instance has to do it
The public cannot look after itself, thus an “instance from outside”, e.g. a benevolent “private”
Or it is
possibly “benevolence” itself the public and finally becoming true (well, for the philosophers, of course, a bit of Hegel’s cunning of reason and the absolute idea)?
Now, down to earth, nearly trivial, my question was and is: are (those) universities public institutions or not. Later I met Jeremy, how is fearing about the future of his home [he is European] as the Brexiters want to take it off him [well, their name does not say it clearly: they are Brits = they do not want to leave Britain but that want Britain to leave]) and asked him – he confirmed that nearly all British universities are public. Part of the exact definition of these universities is then, institutionally and legally that in this case we are dealing with a body that is
“registered as a higher education provider with the Office for Students (OfS) and is subject to the OfS Regulatory Framework. The OfS is also the University’s principal regulator for charity law purposes on behalf of the Charity Commission for England and Wales.”
Is then the OfS the public and who/what is it? Possibly a kind of council, or “soviet” to use another term?
So, coming back to the HR-issue: Having stated
The human rights issue is about the fact, that HR emerged especially (if not only) as matter of protecting citizens (thought as being “global”, though implicitly “private”) against arbitrariness of the state.
it now means that one state (to be more precise: an institution from one state, or even more precise: somebody working in a representative position of one institution of one state has to stand ups against one the breach of HR by another state.Did I say by another state? Well, more precision would suggestBreach of HR by one person (Erdogan) who claims that he represents the state – as the public – and can thus oblige every citizen to accept those rules, even if they are finally private rules in the sense of the rules an individual defines …
Still to be added: representing in the one case means “speaking for”, in the other case it claims to mean “to be”. ‘L’État, c’est moi’
At the end it surely still remains a lot to be clarified, and even to be formulated as question. I suppose it is a challenge I may pass on to my new students, when commencing teaching next week
“It’s indisputable that there’s a real pay gap. People can argue about how big, but that’s almost besides the point, The point is that every woman, every girl deserves to get paid what they’re worth.”
These are words by Sheryl Sandberg, taken from the Huffington Post, looking only on the year, not day, it had been five years ago. I am wondering if this is about a modern form of slavery and trafficking? Is payment about worth, even value of people in monetarised form? The difference is today’s deference of women: in old slave societies “owners”, the previous slave owner had been paid; Sandberg proposes to pay the slaves themselves. Hummmm, enslave yourself as alternative to wage work? Or is it just the same?
Surely an interesting question, most appropriate for the 8th of March, the International Women’s day.
A different point – as matter of a different chapter in the same book. In a brief note, titled
(even) the IWD (Institute of the German Economy) contends that inequality is going far beyond the gender pay gap, engraved in the entity and the expectations:
Although an attractive basic salary is at the top of the employers’ wish lists for both sexes, women in the various disciplines have on average significantly lower expectations than men in this respect.
The plan for the weekend is concluding the final touch – the topic a huge one – and the aim to put struggle on the human rights agenda, understanding these rights not as matter of achieving global harmony but als permanent contest about self-determination in a world without borders – obviously an oxymoron.
The subtitle of the present intro, well, actually the title of the book will be
The Right to Stay – the Right to Move
Aren’t we living in a world of abundance?
The present two contributions emerged in rather different contexts than being immediately concerned with what the title suggests: first, the topic employs my thinking for several years – background had been discussions with a former student, Lucey O’Leary, a while back, when I had been teaching in Ireland. She did have a degree in law and discussions emerged from my teaching: social policy, which in my understanding included political economy and also law (social law, philosophy and sociology of law). My background in Political Economy is that of Marx(ism), that of law the learning experience and work at the Max Planck Institute for Foreign and International Social Law/Max Planck Institute for Social Law and Social Policy in Munich. Over the years, it never worked out to elaborate the reflections which had been nevertheless engaging my mind, guided by the idea of the need of a ‘fourth generation of human rights’.
These considetations moved back towards the top of the agenda while working more recently on economic issues: digitisation and the subsequent hollowing out of social protection systems, but more importantly the far-reaching, though often not sufficiently reflected changes of the mode of production. Leaving the many aspects aside (technology and economics, composition of capital, investment of otherwise overaccumulated capital, shift of and between sectors to name but a few – and considering also that some of the legal issues are very ‘simple’, i.e. issues of blocking social-protection-flight as subspecies of capital flight, applying labour (protection), employment law and (re-)establishing collective bargaining (law) or even more ordinary the criminal offenses of bullying and (sexual) harassment, there are others that require revisiting fudamental issues of law and even further issues around the meaning of justice in a world that is at the very same time shaped by two tensions that are increasingly meaningful and also increasingly interwoven:
it is the tension between globalisation, accompanied by standardisation on the one hand and processes of diversification on the other hand.
the other trend is about the possibilities of overcoming poverty;but this is just one side of the coin, the other being about an increasing impoverishment, the quasi-destitution of the middle-classes, the shift of impoverishment to the countries that are still the countries of the north and not least the re-establishment of the concurrency of public poverty and private wealth
Against this background, quesitons of human rights, universality and not least the meaning of socio-economic developments gain new importance, not least demanding overcoming even the standard criteria, or we may also say the standards of criteria. If the present volume had been successful in pursuing this goal is, remains to be decided by the reader.
For me as author remains to thank too many people to list them by their names. There are the many discussants; and there are – two exceptions may be allowed to be personally mentioned: Dorota Borkowska from the Faculty of Economics and Sociology at the University of Łódź, looking after the many students who come every year, diving into what is even today an adventure: studying in a foreign country; and still finding time to support me. The second is Peter Kube, yes, a priest, aus Halle – still, appreciated as discussant and friend to laugh with. Talking with and to him means so much about listening to oneself and I can only hope that it does not mean that he has to go one day a similar way as a person from whom he apparently learned – that person was finally condemned to drinking the hemlock, then price for saying the truth.
Not least, I am grateful for the generous support by The EKSOC Visiting Fellowship Programme at the University of Łódź, Poland (2018/2019) and the preceeding support by the Max Planck Institute for Social Law and Social Policy in Munich, Germany (2017/2018).
I see thisas core of the entire process while I am admittedly still not entirely sure about the range and wider meaning – the standard answers: (i) nothing really changed, (ii) we witness fundamental changes but they are limited to niches, possibly only temporary outlayers and finally (iii) we are already at the doorsteps of a new mode of production are not really satisfying.
Evidence may be taken from the success in combatting poverty in China, and also the increasing number of people from the so-called emerging economies joining e.g. the club of the superrich (e.g. Mc Carthy, Niall, 9/2018: Where Super Rich Populations Are Growing Fastest [Infographic])
The following gives an outlook on a new publication, contributing to the work at the HIGHER SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC SCHOOL IN GDAŃSK (WSSE) on Security issues in education and management, selected aspects of social security
Discussing increasing populism and right-wing political movements and social law together is commonly – and without any doubt importantly – dealing with issues of social legislation, employability and emphasising the importance of ‘honesty and reliability’ from the political side. And while globalisation is not condemned, it is at least in tendency suggested to be a centre piece of the present quarrels; migration, low-wage policies, capital-flight and tax competition are then highlighted as major issues. The present contribution aims on taking a wider approach, arguing that one of the major problems is the aggravation of a secular process that may be called – alluding to Karl Polanyi’s work – disembedding of law.
Recently I had been proofreading an article I wrote, looking at
The Particular and the Universal – Indigenous Sports for the Integrity of the Global Village
Though too often this work is the annoying part – but in this case I actually enjoyed it, thinking that there could be other criteria for peer reviewing etc.
How often does one interrupt reading to thing, reflect deeply on what had been written
How often does one detect connections that are unusual, though showing uo as being interesting
How often does one find new knowledge instead of new information confirming what one knows
How often is something written with which one does not agree, while one feels nevertheless stimulated by it and is provoked to think about the own ideas and the own standard arguments
Is there anything in the text that really provokes looking something up in order to gain some deeper insight, especially is there any “strange cat” – equally alive and dead – mentioned: something that one may have vaguely come across but one is now keen to recap, or study more in detail though it has nothing to do with one’s usual focus (e.g. Schroedinger’s cat – if it is alive of dead is not centrally a matter of [animal] welfare but still may of interest for everybody)
Recently, after having given a presentation, I received a mail by the Dean who was actually hosting the event, He said
…. I thought about a few explanations you shared with us. Nice job. Inspiring …
Leaving aside that there had been some interesting discussion at the end, a line as the one quoted may be the “highest praise” one can get after giving a presentation or writing something. A kind of “slow listening”.
For journal reviews (and reading, of course), it may be good to revisit the usual “comments to the editor”/”comments to the author”.
I remember once about an author, let’s call her A. A’s submission to a journal had been rejected by the review (anonymised process on all sides). The reason, brought forward:
The author did not make any reference to the work that had been undertaken by A.
Again, mind, the reviewer did not know that A had been actually the author of the reviewed article.
And the moral of an amoral academia: Never say anything new, always repeat what you said … – with a wee bit of change, possible just put in the new data: instead of 2xyz, the new article has the data of 2xyz+5. Interesting …
The other day, booking a flight, I was browsing a bit, also looking at the options of seat-reservation. Another time that I was thinking about this strange construct of today’s economy, reading
The passenger named above has chosen a seat in an emergency exit row. In the unlikely event of an evacuation they will be expected to assist in the opening of the emergency door.
One interpretation is that one pays for some extra space – for more comfort, for medical reasons – or perhaps even to force oneself to store the hand-luggage properly in the overhead bin.
Another interpretation: I see myself as part-time casual worker, serving the airline on demand (sure, in the unlikely event they stress), actually even giving up the extra comfort) … – and I pay for it.
Now, a silly remark you may say – but is it really silly? As far as it is known some airlines “offer the opportunity to fly as co-pilot”, the payment being the hours needed to secure the validity of the license. | <urn:uuid:368b2634-bf23-4d97-a8bf-b2083b75db80> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://danteskaleidoscope.blog/category/works-projects-publications/page/3/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00666.warc.gz | en | 0.890184 | 5,828 | 1.789063 | 2 |
Could Zoloft cause Gerd - from FDA reports
Gerd is found among people who take Zoloft, especially for people who are female, 50-59 old , have been taking the drug for 2 - 5 years, also take medication Prilosec, and have Depression . We study 91,119 people who have side effects while taking Zoloft from FDA. Among them, 127 have Gerd. Find out below who they are, when they have Gerd and more.
What to expect?
You are not alone!
Personalized health information
On eHealthMe you can find out what patients like me (same gender, age) reported their drugs and conditions on FDA since 1977. Our tools are simple to use, anonymous and free. Start now >>>
Zoloft has active ingredients of sertraline hydrochloride. It is often used in depression. (latest outcomes from Zoloft 99,022 users)
Gerd (gastro-oesophageal reflux disease) has been reported by people with high blood pressure, gastroesophageal reflux disease, high blood cholesterol, osteoporosis, pain (latest reports from 18,131 Gerd patients).
On Jan, 20, 2017
91,119 people reported to have side effects when taking Zoloft.
Among them, 127 people (0.14%) have Gerd
Number of reports submitted per year:
Time on Zoloft when people have Gerd *:
- < 1 month: 0.0 %
- 1 - 6 months: 0.0 %
- 6 - 12 months: 0.0 %
- 1 - 2 years: 0.0 %
- 2 - 5 years: 66.67 %
- 5 - 10 years: 33.33 %
- 10+ years: 0.0 %
Gender of people who have Gerd when taking Zoloft *:
- female: 73.39 %
- male: 26.61 %
Age of people who have Gerd when taking Zoloft *:
- 0-1: 2.88 %
- 2-9: 0.0 %
- 10-19: 3.85 %
- 20-29: 7.69 %
- 30-39: 7.69 %
- 40-49: 26.92 %
- 50-59: 27.88 %
- 60+: 23.08 %
Top conditions involved for these people *:
- Depression (16 people, 12.60%)
- Stress And Anxiety (11 people, 8.66%)
- Pain (11 people, 8.66%)
- High Blood Pressure (10 people, 7.87%)
- Joint Pain (8 people, 6.30%)
Top co-used drugs for these people *:
- Prilosec (28 people, 22.05%)
- Lipitor (16 people, 12.60%)
- Xanax (15 people, 11.81%)
- Neurontin (14 people, 11.02%)
- Ibuprofen (14 people, 11.02%)
Top other side effects for these people *:
- Chest Pain (33 people, 25.98%)
- Breathing Difficulty (26 people, 20.47%)
- Pain (20 people, 15.75%)
- Nausea (16 people, 12.60%)
- Constipation (16 people, 12.60%)
* Approximation only. Some reports may have incomplete information.
** Reports from social media are used.
How to use the study: print a copy of the study and bring it to your health teams to ensure drug risks and benefits are fully discussed and understood.
Do you have Gerd when taking Zoloft?
Browse all side effects of Zolofta b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
Drugs that are associated with GerdGerd
Could your condition cause GerdGerd
Can you answer these questions?
I have been taking a combination of medications for several disorders tha I suffer from. I am concerned because I have a friend with tardive dyskinesia which she believes she got from taking Xanax, and my great grandmother had it also, but I have no idea the medications she was on at that time. ...
You may be interested in these reviews
If your being lowered your dose of eloquis after being on eloquis 5mg twice a day to 2.5 twice a day because of elevated ddimer from starting zoloft for about 1 month. I had originally had a pe from a small pe from 8.5 hour spinal fusion. My thrombosis hematologist us allowing me to stay on due ...
I took Zoloft for anxiety for approximately 10 years. When I was about 45 I weaned myself off Zoloft. I then experienced changes in my legs. They became larger in the calves and thighs. I was diagnosed with lipedema and/or lymphedema. Not really sure of the difference at this point. I wore ... | <urn:uuid:1d7750fd-dcb7-46d2-9989-082ac7af5441> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ehealthme.com/ds/zoloft/gerd/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00051-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947718 | 1,077 | 1.90625 | 2 |
ExCo endorses sewage treatment and outfall option (Revised) (5/1/1999)
1 January 1997
The following supersedes press release GIS990105018 issued at 5 pm today (Tuesday).
The full text of the press release is as follows:
ExCo endorses sewage treatment and outfall option
The Chief-Executive-in-Council today (Tuesday) directed that the second phase of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Study for the treatment system and oceanic outfall to be built under stage II of the Strategic Sewage Disposal Scheme (SSDS) should assume that chemical treatment would be used, enhanced by disinfection, and that the outfall would be in the East Lamma Channel.
ExCo also directed that land should be reserved at the quarry on Lamma Island, pending consideration of upgrading the level of treatment, and that Hong Kong should continue to liaise with the Mainland authorities through the Expert Group on Sewage Disposal to consider what further work might be necessary to plan for the possible longer term development of the Scheme.
A Government spokesman said that the decisions had been made on the basis that:
a) upgrading the existing treatment plant at Stonecutters with disinfection systems and building an outfall to the East of Lamma would be the fastest way to address the severe water quality problem in the inner harbour area in an environmentally acceptable manner;
b) it would not involve any abortive expenditure if further studies either locally or with the Mainland Authorities indicated a need to increase the level of treatment or plan additional outfalls; and
c) reserving the land on Lamma Island would preserve the necessary flexibility to upgrade the system should this be necessary.
He added that in reaching these decisions, the Council had considered:
a) the options identified during phase I of the EIA study;
b) the state of sea water quality in the inner harbour and surrounding waters, and the urgency of measures to address pollution problems;
c) progress with stage I works for providing treatment to sewage from the main urban area; and
d) views presented by the Advisory Council on the Environment (ACE) and from academics, environmental NGOs, professional bodies and individual legislators during hearings arranged by the Environmental Affairs (EA) Panel of the Legislative Council.
"It was an important step towards giving the whole of Hong Kong an effective, modern sewage treatment system that would protect public health and the quality of local and regional waters," the spokesman emphasised.
He pointed out that the decisions had been made after lengthy and intensive study and consultations, both in Hong Kong and with counter-parts in the Mainland. The administration would seek to build on the co-operation with Mainland authorities that had been established during the project, so as to better co-ordinate efforts to protect regional water quality.
He welcomed the extensive discussions that had been held with the ACE and in the EA Panel during the consultation on the four environmentally acceptable options.
"They have been very helpful for building up understanding on all sides," he said.
The SSDS EIA study was commissioned by the Environmental Protection Department in May 1996.
"The consultants have now completed all the field survey work, and shortlisted four combinations of outfall locations and treatment levels that would be environmentally acceptable," he added.
The Administration briefed the ACE, the EA Panel, green groups, tertiary institutions and various professional bodies on the consultants' findings in September and October last year.
Also, the Expert Group on Sewage Disposal and its Technical Group, which were formed in July, 1998 between Hong Kong and the Mainland to take forward the discussions on SSDS, have each met twice to consider the consultants' findings.
At its second meeting, the Expert Group agreed that the four options identified were acceptable and that Option 1, i.e. the option endorsed by ExCo, should be recommended to the HKSAR Government for consideration.
It was further agreed that the selected option should not be seen necessarily as the final arrangement. In the long term, the selected option may need to be further improved or refined, by upgrading the treatment level or constructing a longer outfall.
"It is most important for the protection of public health and for the restoration of local water quality that we get a comprehensive treatment system in place as quickly as we can," he said.
"For the past decade or so there has been an inexorable increase in the concentration of bacteria in the Harbour. This is putting the health of a lot of people at risk."
"If the sewage is not dealt with there is a danger that the contamination will increase to such an extent that it begins to have a significant impact on our beaches," the spokesman added.
With the introduction of disinfection and a modern outfall system that will diffuse the treated effluent in deeper oceanic waters, we will be able to meet our present water quality objectives before the end of the next decade.
The other three options which the consultants have identified are:
Option 2 : chemical treatment plus disinfection with a discharge in the Lema Channel (in Mainland waters);
Option 3 : Biological BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) removal plus disinfection with a discharge east or west of Lamma;
Option 4 : Biological BOD and nutrient removal plus disinfection with a discharge east or west of Lamma.
End/Tuesday, January 5, 1999 | <urn:uuid:128a7488-c320-4c47-a930-dc22d4309b50> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.dsd.gov.hk/EN/Publicity_and_Publications/Press_Releases/news96.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00078.warc.gz | en | 0.959244 | 1,107 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Madoff and Dreier are the yin and yang of white-collar captivity.
yang said cyber hacking in the U.S.-China relationship is no longer an issue solely for China to address.
“He needed Ruth because she was the yin to his yang,” says Baggett.
In this way, anabolism and catabolism exist in balance with each other and are the ying and the yang of metabolism.
An email sent to yang, whose public record lists her as “president” of the church, was not returned.
I spent a day each at two market towns on the way, and two days in Ch'ao yang itself.
“Notscha,” No. 18); the second is the mother of yang Oerlang (comp.
yang was mounted on a mustang, while the doctor and Jack trudged through the dust.
Note: yang Oerlang is a huntsman, as is indicated by his falcon and hound.
One of my volunteer helpers said, 'There is the residence of the official yang, where you can find shelter.'
1670s, from Mandarin yang "male, daylight, solar."
Two forces in the universe, according to a Chinese theory: yin is the passive, negative force, and yang the active, positive force. According to this theory, wise people will detect these forces in the seasons, in their food, and so on, and will regulate their lives accordingly. | <urn:uuid:1fd52502-4307-4e79-ba74-0736e2c52d83> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.dictionary.com/browse/yang | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280483.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00300-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949525 | 322 | 1.726563 | 2 |
OAKLAND -- Gabe Pulliam has saved a single dog in the 12 years he's been a rescue swimmer for the U.S. Coast Guard, and he was rewarded by being bitten.
A dog owner himself, Pulliam said he'd risk his own safety again to try and save a canine. But that's only if he is on the job and decked out in a dry suit and other rescue gear.
For everyone else whose noble impulse is to go into Northern California's rugged surf after a pet in distress, Pulliam's message basically boils down to a single word:
The Coast Guard on Friday hosted a media event at the East Bay SPCA in Oakland to highlight that message amid a particularly deadly winter in which four beachgoers have perished in Northern California during events triggered by efforts to save dogs from drowning.
Since 2008, at least seven people have drowned off the coast while making such an attempt. Others have had near misses or been killed after they and their dogs were swept away by a wave, as was the case last Sunday at Shelter Cove in Humboldt County, where officials said a 32-year-old woman drowned after she, her boyfriend and their dog were overcome by a large wave.
The sad irony is that the dogs in all of these cases survived the ordeal save for one, a pug that in 2008 drowned off Portuguese Beach in Sonoma County.
Troubled by the trend, the Coast Guard has launched a public awareness campaign aimed at getting people to reconsider their own natural impulses to rescue their pets.
The campaign features a poster depicting Pulliam wearing his rescue gear and next to him his dog, Peaches, beneath the headline: "Naturally speaking, who is the better swimmer?"
Without the protective gear, the award goes to the dog, which because of its anatomy is more naturally buoyant and better able to withstand the ocean's frigid temperatures.
"We get in the water and we're in deeper," said Allison Lindquist, executive director of the East Bay SPCA. "A dog will bob along."
She said dogs also don't panic like humans do.
The dog Pulliam rescued had been stranded on a boat in a river delta, not flailing about in rough surf.
Lindquist said it's "understandable" that people try and save their pets. But her "unequivocal" advice is to never attempt it.
"Just don't," she said.
Two women have died off Portuguese Beach in Sonoma County since 2008 after they attempted to rescue their dogs. A third woman drowned that year after she went after her dog off Gualala Beach.
On Nov. 24, three members of a Eureka family drowned at Big Lagoon in Humboldt County after one of them tried to save the family dog from drowning.
And on New Year's Day this year, 59-year-old Charlie Quaid of Richmond drowned at Point Reyes National Seashore after Quaid's wife and the couple's pit bull were swept up in the waves.
Even at beaches where the surf appears calm, hidden riptides or steep underwater drop-offs represent a risk to anyone who ventures into the cold water without proper attire and advanced swimming skills.
By law, dogs are not allowed off leash at any beach on the Sonoma County coast and in several places dogs are banned outright to protect sensitive wildlife or vegetation. | <urn:uuid:d863d726-6a4d-4033-be11-df188a74c15a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.pressdemocrat.com/csp/mediapool/sites/PressDemocrat/News/story.csp?cid=2212460&fid=181 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283301.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00504-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.980561 | 702 | 1.945313 | 2 |
Naturealms Organics Amla Capsules are 100% natural so you can be sure you’re getting the best possible product. Amla is a fruit that originated in India. Its scientific name is Phyllanthus emblica. Amla or Amalaki can be said as the most used Ayurvedic ingredient. It is food as well as medicine. The little fruit is stuffed with innumerable health benefits.
According to Ayurveda, amla fruit is sour (amla) and astringent (kashaya) in taste (rasa), with sweet (madhura), bitter (tikta) and pungent (katu) secondary tastes (anurasas).
It has been used for centuries. The name amla means “the sour one” because of its sour taste. It contains many powerful antioxidants and nutrients that are important to good health, such as vitamin C, calcium, iron, niacin, riboflavin-5-phosphate (B2), thiamine (B1) and zinc.
Amala contains much more of each nutrient than most other fruits. It has been used for centuries and first came from India. This might have happened because of how prevalent these nutrients are here!
All parts of the plant are used in various Ayurvedic medicine herbal preparations, including the fruit, seed, leaves, root, bark and flowers. Indian gooseberry is a common constituent, and most notably is the primary ingredient in an ancient herbal rasayana called Chyawanprash. Our Amla Capsules are one of the best Immunity building products
Health Benefits OF Amla Capsules
- Amla is a natural source of Vitamin C, which has been used for centuries to promote healthy hair and skin.
- Amla, also known as Indian Gooseberry, is a powerful antioxidant that has been used for centuries to promote healthy hair and skin.
- Amla contains vitamin C which helps to prevent free radical damage in the body. Free radicals are highly reactive molecules that can cause cell damage leading to premature ageing.
- The high levels of vitamin C found in amla help neutralize free radicals, preventing them from causing any further harm to your body. This results in younger-looking skin and healthier hair with less breakage.
- Amla is the best herb for rejuvenation in Ayurveda. It is also beneficial for health and longevity.
- Amla Capsules are very useful to maintain healthy hair. It helps to prevent premature greying of hairs and it makes your hair soft and shiny with regular use of this product.
- It provides a natural cure for high cholesterol. It also decreases inflammation.
- Amla Capsules are naturally sourced, herbal supplement capsules containing the antioxidant flavonoids from Indian gooseberry
- The health benefits of amla include maintaining healthy cholesterol levels, managing blood sugar levels and promoting overall heart and brain health.
The main ingredient present in this capsule is Amla which helps to keep your skin healthy and glowing. Our capsules are made from 100% pure amla extract. They are suitable for vegetarians and vegans.
You will see a huge difference in your health by incorporating Amla Capsules into your daily schedule.
Additional reading source: TimesofIndia | <urn:uuid:230d947f-bb0a-41f0-ab91-755d8797caf6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.naturealmsorganics.com/shop/amla-capsules/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.936045 | 684 | 2.140625 | 2 |
Architectural Gem | Mexico’s Cave of Crystals
It’s been referred to by geologists as “the Sistine Chapel of crystals,” but most us of us can’t help thinking of Superman’s Fortress of Solitude. BBC offers us this spectacular footage from inside Mexico’s Cueva de Cristales, discovered accidently by miners in Naica back in 2000 and which, up until now, houses the largest crystals in the world.
Now that’s what I call an architectural gem, designed by Mother Nature herself.
The footage is featured in an episode of the new BBC series How Earth Made Us (Deep Earth). | <urn:uuid:b1799c8f-0153-4d55-93c9-d748b0f290f0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://arkinetblog.wordpress.com/2010/01/19/natural-architectural-wonder-mexicos-cave-of-crystals/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00235-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.910699 | 141 | 2.265625 | 2 |
The Lady Musgrave Trust believes all women deserve to feel safe and live a life free from hardship.
While the reasons for homelessness and services provided now are different since we were established over 135 years ago, there remains a strong and growing need for safe shelter for Queensland’s vulnerable women.
Our services are more in need today than ever as homelessness figures continue to worsen.
Throughout Queensland there are close to 10,000 homeless women, including over 2,000 in the Brisbane area alone, that are homeless at any given time.
Frightening figures provided by the Australian Bureau of Statistics indicate that the rate of homelessness in Australia increased by 8% between 2006 and 2011 and 9% between 2011 and 2016 (with the majority being attributed to younger and older people).
One quarter of homelessness is attributed to youth – equating to around 2,500 young women in Queensland being homeless.
Domestic violence is the leading cause of homelessness for women.
Women’s homelessness is caused by:
- Domestic Violence – many women having been sexually/physically abused
- Family Violence – many women reporting crisis/serious levels of violence in their lives
- Poverty – many women with no source of income
- Poor mental and physical health
- Lack of suitable housing – about a third of women are couch surfing (staying with friends/family) and many are living in cars or staying in motels with their children (with no cooking facilities).
- Exiting state care or prison
The cause of a woman’s homelessness can often be a complex mix of the above-mentioned circumstances.
The cost of homelessness to the community is significant – people experiencing homelessness often interact with multiple local government organisations with an estimated cost up to $35,000 per annum per person (based on sleeping rough costing).
Young women are our future. But those impacted in their early years by homelessness will embark on a life-long journey of homelessness unless we can all help them change their circumstances – and importantly – that of their children.
The Lady Musgrave Trust provides safe accommodation to young women between the ages of 18 and 30 – but more support is needed for these women.
We believe a community-wide collaborative approach is the way forward.
See our Get Involved options on the main menu to find out how you can help. | <urn:uuid:bcb5edc4-06f9-4d3c-9abf-488392db9511> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ladymusgravetrust.org.au/about/our-research-on-homelessness-and-young-women/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00468.warc.gz | en | 0.964025 | 479 | 2.265625 | 2 |
Apple shareholders this past week made a request of Apple’s Board of Directors to provide a report regarding how Apple and its board oversees security and privacy risks. The request cites many of the recent privacy and security issues that have plagued Apple, making headlines and even leading to litigation. The issues include the those surrounding UDIDs and iCloud, which they fear could lead to slow growth of the company and negatively affect shareholder value.
The request cites Ponemon Institute reports that highlight the cost of data breaches to corporations and how data breaches negatively affect brand reputation, leading to a decline in sales. In addition, they cite Carnegie Mellon University Cylab’s 2012 Governance Study “How Boards & Senior Executives Are Managing Cyber Risks,” listing recommendations for reviews and assessments of a company’s security posture, including the need for regular reports from senior management regarding privacy and security risks.
Tripwire and the the Ponemon Institute recently highlighted in their joint study “The State of Risk Based Security” the need for systematic techniques in the evaluation of risks that impact an organization’s information assets and infrastructure. When we begin to see shareholders of a company like Apple with one of the highest market caps in technology demand security risk assessments from their boards, we understand why connecting security to the business is so critical.
The trick is how will security executives be able to communicate to the board and in turn the shareholders to put their minds at ease? With all of the variables involved in securing systems, servers, network devices, how can you easily quantify and measure the security risk of your organization? To borrow a phrase from Apple themselves: Tripwire has an app for that. | <urn:uuid:547bd03b-05e7-438b-a4b5-765e11c4eaf6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.tripwire.com/state-of-security/risk-based-security-for-executives/risk-management/apple-shareholders-demand-security-risk-reports-from-the-board/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283301.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00508-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942782 | 342 | 1.835938 | 2 |
Welcome to the home of Cairns Basketball Officials (Referees).
Referees play an integral role in any basketball game to ensure it is played in a fair and safe manner and within the rules. On this site you can find out how to become a referee, including resources to improve your officiating.
If you love basketball, want to make new friends, and contribute to the growth of Australia’s favourite sport, then the chances are you may have what it takes to become a referee and experience the following:
Earn money and work flexible hours
Be physically active and get fit
Be involved in basketball (especially if you love the game)
Gain a better understanding of basketball and its rules
Meet new people, make new friends and share many great experiences
Improve your life skills (e.g. communication, independence, confidence, decision making and awareness)
Opportunity to travel
Cairns Basketball coordinates training courses for new referees. Depending on your age, you may be trained as an Association Community referee or Association Development referee. New referees begin in a Basketball Australia green shirt and run alongside a mentor referee who will train new referees over a number of weeks.
All referees are coached and observed by referee coaches and senior referees who provide feedback and solutions to areas for improvement. Most referees improve through match experience which is gained each week by being faced with challenges that you learn to overcome. With this experience and knowledge come better opportunities to referee higher quality games and an increase in payrates.
The below diagram shows the pathway for referees in Australia from learning to become a referee to state, national and international accreditation. Please contact Cairns Basketball Junior Referee Development Manager to understand where you
might fit in with the Basketball Queensland and Cairn Basketball accreditation systems. For further information please contact
Cairns Basketball Junior Referee Development Manager
P: 07 4041 2145 | <urn:uuid:ea2b0bbf-7ccb-4a5c-a4a3-0c53f51f953d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cairnsbasketball.com/referees/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.937761 | 431 | 1.546875 | 2 |
How archaeology is revealing the economies supporting feasting in the ancient world
2 August 2022
Cardiff archaeology applies acclaimed bioarchaeological expertise to ancient Greek city-states and identity
Research by Cardiff bioarchaeologists is taking the first ever multi-scalar study of animals and feasts in the first millennium BCE, focusing on the well-studied and self-contained island of Crete.
From animals herded in the landscape to large-scale sacrificial feasts, animals were a central component to the development and resilience of citizen-states in this ancient period.
The Zooarchaeology of Historical Crete: A Multiscalar Approach to Animals in Ancient Greece - commonly known as ZOOCRETE - is unique in its approach to the zooarchaeology of historical period Greece, representing both the first large-scale synthesis of the evidence for animals in this period and region, as well as spanning the development of several citizen-states.
By adopting an interdisciplinary approach to the evidence for animals on Crete and in ancient Greece more broadly, it aims to understand better the socioenvironmental organization of group feasts that underpinned civic identity.
While isotope analysis of ancient human remains is well established, the application of these revelatory methods is a rapidly emerging field in the zooarchaeological record.
In ZooCrete, researcher Dr Flint Dibble is examining skeletal, biomolecular, and textual evidence to produce a fresh narrative of these citizen-states. The project investigates the role of feasts in establishing communal identity, explores the interconnections between the political economy and the natural environment, and compares and contrasts the evidence for animals in the ancient Greek archaeological and textual records.
The two-year project is exploring animal skeletal evidence from recently excavated sites, creating the first large-scale multi-site isotope analysis of faunal remains from the historical ancient Greek world and adopting a complementary digital humanities analysis to animals in ancient Greek literature.
Conducting this ambitious study, archaeologists aim to:
- reveal the ways in which foodways were used by local communities to craft cohesive identities and regulate social hierarchies
- ascertain provisioning and seasonality, in order to understand landscape impact of animal rearing and the true mobility of society
- evaluate the relationship between the zooarchaeological and textual records, offering interdisciplinary conclusions relevant to foodways studies in the Greek world and beyond
Significantly, the project progresses new directions in archaeology, investigating little studied faunal evidence of ancient feasts to offer animal production for large-scale civic gatherings as markers of the resilience of city state systems.
It covers an entire millenium from the early state-sourced large-scale animal sacrifice during the Geometric period (approximately 750BC) to the commercial butchery and civic feasting in Hellenistic cities on Crete.
ZOOCRETE builds on the well-documented significance of feasting revealed in classical archaeology, textual sources and iconography to elaborate on patterns of ritualised dining and the significant resources required to support the monumental venues celebrated today.
Combining archaeology and texts through bespoke digital humanities methods, this interdisciplinary approach bridges the fields of archaeological science, classical archaeology and history, feeding into the university’s Mediterranean Archaeology and Ancient History research groups.
This new study represents an innovative approach to analysing the formation of new communities and their relationships to the natural environment by actively combining new scientific analyses with Dr Dibble’s recently completed zooarchaeological research, undertaken in collaboration with several international archaeological projects.
Commenced in September 2021, The Zooarchaeology of Historical Crete: A Multiscalar Approach to Animals in Ancient Greece is funded thanks to a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions Individual Fellowship, awarded from the European Commission (grant number 101026314). Follow #ZOOCRETE for latest project findings.
Researcher Dr Flint Dibble focuses on foodways in ancient Greece, with research touching on urbanism, climate change, religious ritual, and everyday life. | <urn:uuid:0e138aec-bccc-4067-ad28-228b4b5e7c35> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cardiff.ac.uk/news/view/2641608-how-archaeology-is-revealing-the-economies-supporting-feasting-in-the-ancient-world | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00078.warc.gz | en | 0.908501 | 836 | 2.875 | 3 |
Linux Foundation Courses Fundamentals Explained Linux Guide To Linux Certification Chapter 1 Discovery Exercises Answers
This Linux training is thought about admin-level Linux Structure training, which implies it was created for systems administrators (Linux Foundation Certified Engineer). Linux guide to linux certification chapter 1 discovery exercises answers. This LFCS course is valuable for new IT experts with a minimum of a year of experience with Linux and experienced systems administrators looking to verify their Linux Foundation skills. New or hopeful systems administrators. Linux guide to linux certification chapter 1 discovery exercises answers.
Today’s IT infrastructures, whether in the data center or on the cloud, are filled with Linux-based servers. New sysadmins are going to need Linux, and this accreditation must offer your profession an excellent boost and you an upper hand on the competitors. Linux guide to linux certification chapter 1 discovery exercises answers. Experienced systems administrators. Anyone who thinks they understand whatever about Linux is incorrect.
Linux Guide To Linux Certification Chapter 1 Discovery Exercises Answers The Definitive Guide for Linux Foundation Discount
Hands-on Labs are assisted, interactive experiences that assist you learn and practice real-world situations in genuine cloud environments. Linux guide to linux certification chapter 1 discovery exercises answers. Hands-on Labs are flawlessly integrated in courses, so you can find out by doing.
They need to guarantee the computer systems are following the security practices and established standards., information technology, information science, telecommunications or any other related field.
Our Linux + Certification PDFs Linux Guide To Linux Certification Chapter 1 Discovery Exercises Answers
Linux guide to linux certification chapter 1 discovery exercises answers. If you still can’t discover what you’re looking for, try utilizing the search function by clicking the magnifying glass icon above. CSS And Java, Script Programs Language And Python Programming Language Complete Course 6 Realistic Practice Tests Updated Practice Test Covers The Whole Examination Curriculum 6 Most Current Practice Test With NEW 2021 CEHv11 Topics Practice and Pass Exam Be a Licensed Ethical Hacker Start Live, Streaming and Recording to Jerk, You, Tube, Mixer & more using Open Broadcaster Software (OBS Studio) Sign up with 150,000+ students – Find out cyber security, penetration screening (pentesting) and ethical hacking, How To Set up WordPress On Your Domain And How To Set Up Basic Pages.
Linux Guide To Linux Certification Chapter 1 Discovery Exercises Answers Little Known Questions About Linux Foundation Certifications.
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The Definitive Guide to Linux Foundation Store
How to Prepare for the LFCS Test? Getting ready for the LFCS Linux Structure Certified System Administrator Certificate exam? Do not understand where to start? This post is the LFCS Certificate Research Study Guide (with links to each examination goal). Linux guide to linux certification chapter 1 discovery exercises answers. I have actually curated a list of articles from Microsoft documents for each goal of the LFCS examination.
I receive a commission when you buy through them. Important Commands 25% Log into local & remote visual and text mode consoles Browse for files Examine and compare the standard file system functions and choices Compare and manipulate file content Usage input-output redirection (e. g (Linux Foundation Certifications). >, >>,, 2 >) Examine a text using fundamental regular expressions Archive, backup, compress, unpack, and uncompress files Create, erase, copy, and move files and directory sites Create and handle hard and soft links List, set, and alter standard file approvals Check out, and use system paperwork Manage access to the root account Operation of Running Systems 20% Boot, reboot, and closed down a system securely Boot or alter system into various operating modes Set up, configure and troubleshoot bootloaders Diagnose and handle procedures Find and evaluate system log files Schedule tasks to run at a set date and time Verify conclusion of set up tasks Update software to offer required functionality and security Confirm the stability and accessibility of resources Confirm the stability and accessibility of essential procedures Change kernel runtime criteria, relentless and non-persistent Usage scripting to automate system upkeep tasks Manage the startup procedure and services (In Providers Setup) List and recognize SELinux/App, Armor file and procedure contexts Manage Software Determine the part of a Linux circulation that a file comes from Amazon link (affiliate) User and Group Management 10% Develop, delete, and customize local user accounts Develop, erase, and modify regional groups and group memberships Manage system-wide environment profiles Manage template user environment Configure user resource restricts Manage user advantages Configure PAM Networking 12% Configure networking and hostname resolution statically or dynamically Configure network services to start automatically at boot Implement package filtering Start, stop and examine the status of network services Statically path IP traffic Integrate time using other network peers Service Configuration 20% Set up a caching DNS server Preserve a DNS zone Configure e-mail aliases Configure SSH servers and customers Limit access to the HTTP proxy server Set up an IMAP and IMAPS service Inquiry and customize the behavior of system services at various operating modes Configure an HTTP server Configure HTTP server log files Set up a database server Restrict access to a websites Manage and set up containers Handle and set up Virtual Devices Storage Management 13% List, develop, erase, and customize physical storage partitions Manage and configure LVM storage Produce and configure encrypted storage Configure systems to install file systems at or throughout boot Configure and handle swap space Produce and manage RAID devices Configure systems to mount file systems on need Create, manage and diagnose advanced file system approvals Set up user and group disk quotas for filesystems Produce and configure file systems. Linux guide to linux certification chapter 1 discovery exercises answers. This brings us to the end of the LFCS Linux Structure Licensed System Administrator research study guide. Linux guide to linux certification chapter 1 discovery exercises answers. | <urn:uuid:bf8b6edf-688e-409f-8bb4-ca855257b25f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://linuxcertifications.net/linux-certified-systems-administrator/linux-guide-to-linux-certification-chapter-1-discovery-exercises-answers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00076.warc.gz | en | 0.820664 | 1,306 | 2.421875 | 2 |
Table of contents:
- What does dogma mean?
- What's the opposite of dogma?
- Is Dogma a religion?
- What is cognitive rigidity?
- What are three metacognitive strategies?
- How can I be a flexible thinker?
- What is an example of cognitive flexibility?
What does dogma mean?
1a : something held as an established opinion especially : a definite authoritative tenet. b : a code of such tenets pedagogical dogma. c : a point of view or tenet put forth as authoritative without adequate grounds.
What's the opposite of dogma?
What is the opposite of dogma?
Is Dogma a religion?
Dogma means the doctrine of belief in a religion or a political system. The literal meaning of dogma in ancient Greek was "something that seems true." These days, in English, dogma is more absolute. If you believe in a certain religion or philosophy, you believe in its dogma, or core assumptions.
What is cognitive rigidity?
Cognitive rigidity, or the inability to mentally adapt to new demands or information, has long been recognized as a fundamental component of personality and psychosocial functioning./span>
What are three metacognitive strategies?
Implementing Metacognitive Strategies
- Think-Alouds (for reading comprehenshion and problem solving)
- Organizational Tools (such as checklists, rubrics, etc. for solving word problems)
- Explicit Teacher Modelling (for math instruction)
How can I be a flexible thinker?
- 7 Ways to Develop Cognitive Flexibility. ...
- Alter your everyday routine. ...
- Seek out new experiences. ...
- Practice thinking creatively. ...
- Don't always take the easy way. ...
- Go out of your way to meet new people. ...
- Transfer your learning. ...
- Challenge your morals.
What is an example of cognitive flexibility?
Your original plans or routine were changed by an unexpected situation, but your cognitive flexibility and shifting allow to you think of possible alternative solutions to help you get to work on time. ... Being able to understand this and look for another solution is another example of mental flexibility.
- What are some examples of quality assurance?
- What are the 5 indicators of quality of life?
- What is a quality attribute?
- Is QA engineer a good career?
- What are quality gates in software testing?
- What happens when you corrupt Tabula Rasa?
- What is a quality assurance team?
- What are management functions and skills?
- What is a QA QC?
- What is Quality by Design FDA?
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- What is KPI in QA?
- What is meant by Quality Function Deployment? | <urn:uuid:7f49c5a1-4673-4084-9199-cf9022ddb6d6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://philosophy-question.com/library/lecture/read/43540-what-does-dogma-mean | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00274.warc.gz | en | 0.920779 | 686 | 3.046875 | 3 |
LAN Speed Test Lite
The motherboard’s Intel I219V is quite a common network interface and incorporated into a number of LGA1151 products. In this case, the C7Z170-OCE upheld a reliable connection in both read and write throughput.
Passmark Performance Test 8 – Ethernet
Here we can see the primary network interface managing to report good TCP and UDP figures. While there is some room for improvement, it shouldn’t have a negative impact on day-to-day networking tasks.
Passmark Performance Test 8 – CPU Work Load
The motherboard’s CPU utilization remains very steady at 2% in both TCP and UDP testing. This is very low and worthy of recognition. | <urn:uuid:6bbb793d-8e71-4acb-928d-2695df5206ac> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://beta.eteknix.com/supermicro-c7z170-oce-lga1151-motherboard-review/9/?amp | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00474.warc.gz | en | 0.907387 | 151 | 1.75 | 2 |
Peru Pasamayo: Dozens killed as coach plunges off cliff
At least 48 people have been killed after a coach plummeted 100m (330ft) down a cliff and landed upside down on a beach in Peru, officials say.
The health ministry said six people had survived the accident, one of whom had jumped from the bus before it fell.
The accident happened on a notorious stretch of road known as Curva del Diablo (devil's bend) in Pasamayo, north of the capital Lima.
The coach, with more than 50 people on board, collided with a lorry.
Transit police said the lorry driver had been detained for questioning.
The bus, which belongs to the San Martín de Porres transport company, was travelling to Lima from Huacho, about 130km (80 miles) north of the capital.
The stretch of road winding alongside the Pacific Ocean where the accident happened is considered one of the most dangerous in Peru.
It has no barriers separating it from a sheer drop to the ocean and the sea spray and frequent fog can make it particularly slippery.
The bus company that said its driver was very experienced and was travelling with an assistant. The company also said that the bus had passed a mechanical check before leaving Huacho.
Footage showed rescue workers struggling to reach the bus, with a helicopter winching down some emergency workers while others were lowered down the cliff with ropes.
Rescue work had to be halted overnight as the tide rose and engulfed parts of the coach. A Peruvian navy boat helped get the rescuers off the beach.
Local media reported that one of the passengers managed to survive by jumping out of the coach before it plunged down the cliff.
The doctor in the hospital where 24-year-old Máximo Jiménez Vilcayaure was being treated for a broken arm said the man had jumped out of a window and onto the tarmac with seconds to spare.
Five other survivors were pulled from the wreckage and are being treated for multiple fractures.
Twenty-four bodies have so far been recovered.
Peru's President Pedro Pablo Kuczynski said it was "painful for the whole country to suffer an accident of this magnitude".
He sent a message of "deep solidarity" to the families of the victims. | <urn:uuid:3a2ae8b8-ac4d-420d-978d-44f385a61ac2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://icetruck.tv/2018/01/03/peru-pasamayo-dozens-killed-as-coach-plunges-off-cliff/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00278.warc.gz | en | 0.974345 | 482 | 1.6875 | 2 |
President Barack Obama has thrown away decades of foreign policy wins in the Mideast, says Niall Ferguson, a Harvard historian and biographer of Henry Kissinger.
Frank Kendall has a lot of power with the defense industry, and he represents its number one customer — the U.S. taxpayer.
Defense companies are seeing fewer contracts, so they are using part of their profits to buy back shares and boost stock prices. However, Frank Kendall thinks some of those profits, which come from taxpayers, should be put into R&D. He is the Undersecretary for Acquisitions at the Pentagon, the man with the checkbook.
The F-35 is the most expensive program in Pentagon history, and has been filled with setbacks. But Defense Undersecretary for Acquisitions Frank Kendall has faith in the aircraft, though he would have developed the program differently.
In the face of lower defense spending, defense companies may consolidate. Lockheed Martin's purchase of Sikorsky may close this month and the man at the Pentagon in charge of spending money -- Undersecretary Frank Kendall -- is concerned he will end up with only a few large companies to choose from.
Boeing successfully challenged a decision awarding the Air Force refueling tanker contract to a rival, but at a cost. The program has been delayed and expensive, and the Pentagon's head of acquisitions says Boeing is on the hook for much of the extra costs, impacting its ability to make money on the program.
President Obama is set to announce he will slow plans to draw down U.S. troops from Afghanistan and keep the current force of 9,800 through most of 2016.
The number of troops to remain in Afghanistan is much higher than President Obama's original target of 1,000, reports CNBC's Joe Kernen.
The U.S. Defense Secretary said the US military would sail and fly wherever international law allowed, including the disputed South China Sea.
Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 was shot down over eastern Ukraine by a Russian-made Buk missile, the Dutch Safety Board has concluded.
India, Japan and the U.S. will hold joint naval exercises each year, Indian government sources said, a move likely to concern China.
Eurogroup’s president, Jeroen Dijsselbloem, urges the Kremlin to work together with the West when it comes to the Syrian crisis.
Eurogroup’s president, Jeroen Dijsselbloem, and ECB's executive board member Benoît Cœuré, discuss the current situation in Greece in terms of servicing its own debt and reforms.
Turkey is targeting Islamic State in investigations of a double suicide bombing in Ankara that killed up to 128 people, officials said.
Russian warplanes pounded Syrian rebels on Sunday, insurgents said, helping Moscow's ally Bashar al-Assad reclaim territory.
Justin Hastings, senior lecturer at University of Sydney, discusses news that North Korean leader Kim Jong Un declared the country ready to respond to any kind of war against the U.S.
The U.S. is grappling with a dramatic change in the Syrian civil war brought about by Moscow's intervention in support of the government.
The Pentagon will replace its failed program to "train and equip" Syrian rebels with a far less ambitious program. NBC News reports.
U.S. officials said four Russian cruise missiles fired at Syria from a warship in the Caspian Sea had crashed in Iran instead.
The military involvement by Russia in Syria could force OPEC's largest member to capitulate on production cuts, entrepreneur Boone Pickens tells CNBC. | <urn:uuid:b14de3a4-7ebb-45e2-812e-9906c15880ce> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.cnbc.com/wars-and-military-conflicts/?page=47 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281226.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00384-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.953308 | 735 | 1.664063 | 2 |
The Shakespeare Conference: SHK 10.2167 Tuesday, 7 December 1999.
Date: Monday, 06 Dec 1999 14:58:52 -0500
Subject: Q: Teaching
I am a masters student attempting to develop an interesting method for
teaching Shakespeare. It's difficult for students on the secondary level
to appreciate Shakespeare when they're trying to interpret the meaning
of the language. Only beyond that difficulty can an appreciation of
Shakespeare emerge. Presenting Shakespeare with modern English obviously
makes it easier to grasp. Altering the setting to accommodate present
day society would also bring understanding within the grasp of a much
Do you have any suggestions as to how Shakespeare might be taught to
high school students that will bring them closer to the inner
Shakespeare? Can you recommend any web sites or educational software
which might be helpful?
Below are two which I thought might be useful
Emphasis: Drama Story-telling; Creative Writing
Opening Night draws it's inspiration and visual appeal from the British
stage, with actors, settings, props, and sound effects designed for the
classic Sherlock-Holmes-type mystery. This title features
photo-realistic actors, including aristocrats, sleuths and chimney
sweeps who appear in castles and tea rooms, Stonehenge, the Tower Bridge
and other actual sites.
Opening Night offers intricate stage and editing options which simulate
the feel of a real theatre. The user can manipulate a huge number of
sets, sound effects, lighting types (floods or footlights), and props.
They can arrange furniture, barrels and plants, put books or food on
tables, and even have the actors sit down, stand up, curtsy and perform
other movements. Changes in any of these elements are automatically
updated in the playbill and script.
This software arrives with a CD, which offers an inside look at the
workings of a real theater, providing a solid support for a class drama
Emphasis: Storytelling; Drama
Hollywood allows students to plan, write, and script their own animated
stories and movies. Students can choose from an range of sets, add
characters and start typing. A well-designed, straightforward interface
offers step-by-step guidance throughout, with endless storehouse of
story starters, plot twists, and dialogue suggestions-all completely
customized to each character | <urn:uuid:25f3e170-4e33-44c9-b3a1-0f4b5e436f6f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://shaksper.net/archive/1999/156-december/9517-q-teaching | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00362-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.901992 | 497 | 2.34375 | 2 |
November 28th has come and gone, and it's the 29th. You wake up from your turkey and mashed potato-induced coma, and the only thing you want to do is curl up and go back to sleep. Unfortunately for you, it's the time of day when you need to get up and do your workout--the very last thing you want to do after stuffing yourself silly the previous night. That pumpkin pie was just too good to pass up on, and who can say no to fourths on turkey? Don't even think about how much you drank...
So, it's time to drag yourself out of bed, put on your gym clothes (which may be feeling suspiciously tight at the moment), and get yourself ready for your workout.
Step 1: Start Slow
No matter who you are, your body is going to feel it after a night of heavy eating and drinking. You're not going to be overflowing with energy, as your body will have spent most of the night digesting all of the food and drink you consumed.
Get into your workout slowly, starting out with a walk around the block a few times. Don't zip out to the gym for a "quick" workout, and certainly don't jog your normal route. It's a day to take it slow--you can get back into the hectic pace of full-intensity workouts tomorrow!
Step 2: Get in Your LISS
Low-impact steady state (LISS) aerobics will help to get your body working, your blood pumping and your digestive system rolling. Start out with a bit of cycling--stationary bike or regular bike both work--as jogging or running will probably set your stomach bouncing--definitely not what you want the morning after a heavy meal.
Start your LISS slowly, at a leisurely pace. You're probably going to be pretty low on energy, so let your body catch up with the workout you're doing. After about five minutes, you'll start to feel better, and it's time to up the speed and difficulty on the bike. Within 10 minutes, you can probably be cycling at full speed--which you should then sustain for the next 15 to 20 minutes for the proper aerobic workout.
Step 3: Time to Train
Once you've gotten in your aerobics, it's time to hit the weights for your muscle-building routine. You aren't going to have enough energy for a HIIT workout, or for a full-on bodybuilding workout that leaves your muscles shaking and drained. It's time to go for a circuit training routine that will hit all of the muscles in your body and burn away all those food calories.
Your circuit workout should include (in the following order):
Do this circuit routine twice, and your body will feel so much better!
Step 4: Digest Well
Your digestion is going to be a bit iffy the morning after a heavy Thanksgiving meal, so it's important that you drink a lot of water, use the bathroom as your body directs, and find a way to detox all that alcohol, turkey and pumpkin pie.
The best post-Thanksgiving breakfast: oatmeal. The soluble fiber in the oats will help to absorb a lot of the toxins, and the insoluble fiber will scrub out your intestines. By the time workout rolls around, you'll feel much better
Don't forget to drink a lot of water the morning after! Both heavy eating and heavy drinking can leave your body dehydrated, so tank up on water to avoid problems when it's time to work out.
Some people get lucky and are born with fit, toned bodies. Andy Peloquin is not one of those people... Fitness has come hard for him, and he's had to work for it. His trials have led him to becoming a martial artist, an NFPT-certified fitness trainer, and a man passionate about exercise, diet and healthy living. He loves to exercise--he does so six days a week--and loves to share his passion for fitness and health with others. | <urn:uuid:4cf43141-c9a6-40f0-9cd5-ab1b9bd8cf24> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.fitday.com/fitness-articles/fitness/how-to-work-out-the-morning-after-thanksgiving-dinner.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281353.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00070-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964767 | 830 | 1.710938 | 2 |
Iran: 'U.S. Power Grid Prime Target for Cyber Attack'
On April 16, the head of Iranian cyberwarfare within Iran’s Revolutionary Guard, Gholam Reza Jalali, officially blamed the U.S. and Israel for Stuxnet -- a mysterious computer worm that has harmed Iran’s nuclear program. The Guard’s officials have repeatedly warned of retaliation: both for the assassinations of the Iranian nuclear scientists inside Iran, which they called acts of espionage, and for Stuxnet.
Reports from Iran indicate that during a recent meeting among Iran’s Revolutionary Guard commanders and Iranian scientists, America’s vulnerabilities for a cyber attack were discussed. They concluded that the U.S. power grids represent the best opportunity for such attacks, as more U.S. utilities are moving their control systems to the Internet and using smart-grid technology.
The Iranian leaders have acknowledged Stuxnet hit a limited number of centrifuges at both its main uranium enrichment facility in Natanz and its nuclear power plant in Bushehr. Although the Iranians quickly replaced the defective centrifuges at Natanz and have steadily enriched uranium to a holding of over 8000 pounds (enough for three nuclear bombs), they have not been able to recover as fast at the Bushehr nuclear power plant. Rejoining the country’s power grid has been delayed several times.
It was reported last month that the Iranian cyber warfare program was moved under the supervision of the Passive Defense Organization of Iran. The European Union lists this as an entity linked to either Iran's proliferation-sensitive nuclear activities or Iran's development of nuclear weapon delivery systems.
A recent report by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Inspector General found that the nation’s power grid is still prone to a cyber attack. The vulnerable state of the power grid was blamed on several different factors, especially the fact that the “critical infrastructure protection” (CIP) cyber standards, which power companies were to have fully implemented a year ago, are not effective.
Other reports within the U.S. have concluded that cyber spies have penetrated the U.S. electrical grid and left behind software programs that could be used to disrupt the system. It is also believed that the Chinese have attempted to map the U.S. infrastructure, including the electrical grid.
While China has little incentive to disrupt the U.S. economy, the Iranian leaders see it as an opportunity to further weaken U.S. supremacy. A successful cyber attack on the North American power grid could disrupt the economy and possibly create a national trauma.
Iran’s cyber warfare unit is now actively recruiting hackers from around the world for what they promote as the goals of the Islamic Republic. | <urn:uuid:1646730d-8034-4351-b770-51d3e0d21b1c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://pjmedia.com/blog/iran-u-s-power-grid-prime-target-for-cyber-attack/?singlepage=true | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284352.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00199-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955973 | 564 | 1.953125 | 2 |
Clay Disability Lawyers
Disabilities Under Alabama Law
Both Alabama and Federal law give individuals with disabilities protection against discrimination in the workplace. Such laws provide equal opportunities for persons in Clay with disabilities to obtain employment and advance in their profession of choice. Employers are required by disbility laws to make reasonable accomodations for disabled persons to execute their tasks.
Alabama Employment for the Disabled
Both government and private employers are prohibited from discriminating against the disabled according to the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). In Alabama, any employer decisions to hire, assign a job position, or issue a promotion may not be based on a person's disability.
Employers in Clay must also provide any special equipment that the disabled person may require for performing duites, so long costs are reasonable. This is in addition to providing fair treatment. The act also prohibits discrimination against someone based on their relation to a person with a disability that poses special needs.
When do I need an Attorney in Clay?
Clay has many lawyers specializing in employment law and persons with disabilities. It can be helpful to consult with a lawyer who may be able to help guide you should difficulties come up. | <urn:uuid:0d2c21aa-e3d3-43a5-b4ad-f6854f7e3ac0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://employment-law.legalmatch.com/AL/Clay/disability-lawyers.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281151.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00107-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.963528 | 237 | 1.90625 | 2 |
This information is intended to provide clarity and transparency to pupils and parents or carers about what to expect from remote education where national or local restrictions require entire cohorts (or bubbles) to remain at home.
For details of what to expect where individual pupils are self-isolating, please see the final section of this page.
The remote curriculum: what is taught to pupils at home
A pupil’s first day or two of being educated remotely might look different from our standard approach, while we take all necessary actions to prepare for a longer period of remote teaching.
What should my child expect from immediate remote education in the first day or two of pupils being sent home?
Please use our online resources found on the Learning Links page for self-directed learning. Your class teacher will be in touch as soon as possible with information about upcoming remote learning.
Following the first few days of remote education, will my child be taught broadly the same curriculum as they would if they were in school?
Yes, although it may be necessary to modify some content due to the restrictions of remote learning.
Remote teaching and study time each day
How long can I expect work set by the school to take my child each day?
We expect that remote education (including remote teaching and independent work) will take pupils approximately 4.5 hours per day. This is equivalent to core lesson time in school. For our youngest children, this would necessarily include learning through play. Class teachers will provide a suggested timetable to help parents structure learning at home.
Accessing remote education
How will my child access any online remote education you are providing?
We use Google Classroom - your child has their own account and login details.
If my child does not have digital or online access at home, how will you support them to access remote education?
We are able to provide Chromebooks for remote learning - please speak to the school office if you need one. Our school technician may be able to provide technical support with the set-up at home if needed.
If all else fails, the school will provide a pack of paper-based resources to be collected from the school office at an agreed time, giving children access to the same learning as those online.
How will my child be taught remotely?
Teachers will set work on Google Classroom which will become available at 6:00 pm for the following day. This is so that parents can look ahead and prepare.
We will provide frequent and clear explanations of new content using high quality resources and pre-recorded videos.
Children will then be set independent tasks to complete at home and submit via Google Classroom.
Teachers will be available live online from 9.30-10:00 am and 2.30 – 3.30 pm to respond to student questions about the work and to provide feedback.
Engagement and feedback
What are your expectations for my child’s engagement and the support that we as parents and carers should provide at home?
We recognise that everyone's circumstances are different, and that children of different ages and abilities need different levels of support with remote learning. We trust that parents will do their best to support their children with remote learning, as far as their circumstances allow.
The most important way to do this is by ensuring that children have the space and resources needed for their learning, and a clear routine with a timetable that includes regular physical activity.
We actively encourage parents to maintain good communication with their child's class teacher during lock down, and to make us aware of any difficulties or concerns you have with remote learning - we will do our best to help.
How will you check whether my child is engaging with their work and how will I be informed if there are concerns
Teachers monitor children's activity on Google Classroom daily. We will contact parents via email or phone if we have any concerns. For children unable to access Google Classroom, teachers will ring parents at least weekly to ensure learning has been access and explain future activities.
How will you assess my child’s work and progress?
Feedback can take many forms and may not always mean extensive written comments for individual children. For example, whole-class feedback or quizzes marked automatically via digital platforms are also valid and effective methods, amongst many others.
Teachers will review every piece of work submitted remotely. Each child will receive individual feedback at least twice a week. This might be written comments on work, an email, or verbal feedback through group chats on Google Meet when appropriate.
Additional support for pupils with particular need
How will you work with me to help my child who needs additional support from adults at home to access remote education?
We recognise that some pupils, for example some pupils with special educational needs and disabilities (SEND), may not be able to access remote education without support from adults at home. We acknowledge the difficulties this may place on families, and we will work with parents and carers to support those pupils in the following ways:
- Using Google Meet for 1:1 or group tuition
- Providing individual / tailored work or additional resources
- Agreeing with parents a variation of the class timetable
Remote education for self-isolating pupils
Where individual pupils need to self-isolate but the majority of their peer group remains in school, how remote education is provided will likely differ from the approach for whole groups. This is due to the challenges of teaching pupils both at home and in school.
If my child is not in school because they are self-isolating, how will their remote education differ from the approaches described above?
The teacher will make every effort to provide learning at home which follows what they are missing in school.
For practical lessons, parents may be asked to collect resources from school for children to use at home.
For lessons which require taught input or group work, children can join their class virtually through Google Meet. | <urn:uuid:207ceef8-cc76-4274-bee8-cc90f52b9f9f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://powellcorderoy.co.uk/Learning/Remote-Learning/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572286.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816090541-20220816120541-00264.warc.gz | en | 0.961523 | 1,207 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Remote Procedure Call, commonly known as RCP, allows a user to execute a procedure remotely on other devices such as printers connected on a shared network. Sometimes users may come across an error which mentions 'RCP server not available'. This generally happens while installing a new printer or accessing printers. The reason could be if Spools.exe or Spools.dll is missing or infected by a virus. To resolve this issue with the RCP server, one must select Remote Procedure Call from the Control Panel and choose the start up type as Automatic.
RCP stands for Remote Procedure Call. If the computer displays "Operation could not be completed. The RPC server is unavailable" while trying to access the printers installed on the computer or trying to install a new printer on the computer, the issue can be resolved.
The source of the problem comes from the Spoolss.exe and Spoolss.dll files. They might either have been infected by a virus residing in the folder %SystemRoot%System32, or the files might be missing from the same folder.
However, this issue can be easily solved by following the steps below:
Step 1: Go to the Start button and select Control Panel.
Step 2: Open the Performance and Maintenance option and browse for Administrative Tools.
Step 3: In the section labeled Services, click Remote Procedure Call Service.
Step 4: When done, select Startup. Browse for Startup Type and choose Automatic.
Step 5: Click OK to apply the changes. | <urn:uuid:250b1501-3175-40da-bca8-c254476980f1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://ccm.net/faq/356-rcp-server-not-available | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279368.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00319-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.891718 | 305 | 2.328125 | 2 |
This week we talk about two parts of an incredible whole, Male and Female. No, not gender, but energy. There are 3 parts to this one, First, Energy. Then we look at Brain Hemispheres, and then the Indigo Children and Super Psychics (Because i promised we’d talk about that after lesson 2).
As a standalone lesson, the topic discussed wont seem to fit into the bigger picture that is presented across the series of spirit science. If you’re just watching this one, please check out lesson 6, 10, and 11 to better understand why Male and Female plays such an important role in Sacred Geometry.
Links and Sources | <urn:uuid:d4d4b125-e3fc-48c6-b083-742ca7e8a705> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thespiritscience.net/malefemale/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00479.warc.gz | en | 0.945324 | 137 | 1.984375 | 2 |
News agencies in Colorado and elsewhere have reported on the bottom line of Judge Naves’ decision, couched as “no reinstatement.” In fact, there are three key elements to the Order and several interesting nuances.
1) In deciding to terminate Churchill’s employment, the Regents were acting in a quasi-judicial capacity that provides immunity from any lawsuits that arise from unhappy recipients of their adjudicative responsibilities. Therefore the jury’s verdict is vacated—void, gone, made as if it never happened.
2) And even if quasi-judicial immunity were not applicable, Churchill should not be reinstated because a) the jury did not find that he incurred any damage from the First Amendment violation, so the court cannot now apply the equitable remedy to non-existent damage; and b) Churchill’s past behavior—in statements to the press and in retaliatory complaints filed against CU faculty investigating him—indicate that his animosity toward CU will inhibit CU’s effective operation as a university.
3) Nor is Churchill due any front pay because he failed to mitigate his loss of job damage (i.e. look for a new job or accept any of the several job offers he claimed he received).
One of the questions that must come to a thinking person’s mind is why would Judge Naves allow such an extensive trial to happen only to nullify it on what is essentially a legal technicality? The answer is that CU attorney Patrick O’Rourke did not raise this defense until after the trial on the basis that the specific elements would have to be proven in a trial-like setting anyway. If the jury had ruled for CU, there would be no reason to have raised the defense; since the jury ruled for Churchill on the First Amendment claim, O’Rourke could raise it as a post-trial motion.
(For the non-legal readers, there are several points in the process of a trial when either party can ask the judge to rule as a matter of law, based on what has been presented to that point. Some are after the initial claims are filed but before evidence is presented, some are after evidence is presented, and some are after a jury trial has been held and a verdict reached. Judgment as a Matter of Law is the later, and allows a judge to overturn a jury decision that clearly ignores the law. That is not the case here, but it also allows post-decree motions to be considered.)
The elements that must be proved to establish that quasi-judicial immunity exists come from Gressley v. Deutsch, 890 F.Supp. 1474, 1480 (D.Wyo. 1994):
“(a) the officials’ functions must be similar to those involved in the judicial process; (b) the official’s actions must be likely to result in lawsuits by disappointed parties; and (c) there must be sufficient safeguards in the regulatory framework to control unconstitutional conduct.”
Pat O’Rourke made sure that there was ample testimony during trial regarding elements (a) and (c) with references to the extensive investigatory and review procedures and to the fact that Churchill had access to counsel at all times and opportunity to question witnesses and reply to allegations. Judge Naves details these evidences of quasi-judicial function in the Order in support of his findings. Element (b) is pretty well self-evident. There is ample case law for Judge Naves to follow, including a Colorado Supreme Court case and a 10th Circuit case, giving quasi-judicial immunity to university regents when they act to adjudicate a case of faculty misconduct.
Judge Naves notes, in a footnote, that the order vacating the jury decision “may” make the question of reinstatement moot. Nevertheless, in the time-honored legal custom of hedging one’s bets, he issued a ruling on reinstatement and front pay.
Reinstatement is an issue that required Judge Naves to cut the Gordian knot of speculation around what could or will happen if Churchill is or isn’t reinstated and make a common sense decision. In the end, Judge Naves noted that since an employer’s hostility to an employee should not deny reinstatement, his decision “rel[ied] upon Professor Churchill’s statements demonstrating his hostility to the University.” And that while Churchill could have contested the P&T Committee’s findings of academic misconduct, Churchill chose to file retaliatory complaints against members of the committee. In other words, Churchill’s actions and out of court comments denigrating CU and CU personnel and staff convinced Judge Naves that “There is only a miniscule possibility that his return to the University will be amicable and productive.”
Judge Naves also gave credence to the notion that reinstatement would “effectively negate the principle of autonomous faculty control over standards of performance and membership.” Both Churchill and the incoming Chair of Ethnic Studies rejected the P&T Committee’s “judgment defining appropriate standards of scholarship or its unanimous conclusions that Professor Churchill had repeatedly violated them.” Judge Naves: “I conclude that reinstating Professor Churchill would entangle the judiciary excessively in matters that are more appropriate for academic professionals.”
The issue of front pay was quickly dispatched after Churchill testified that he had not pursued employment and has even “received a few job offers.” He therefore has not fulfilled his duty to mitigate his job loss and front pay is not appropriate in such an instance.
The Order is exhaustively thorough, as would be expected from a judge who anticipates the judgment will be appealed. The rationale for each decision is clear, logical and supported with case law and evidence. As Mr. Lane himself has noted, it will be a difficult job to have it overturned. | <urn:uuid:a0075fcc-61b9-4341-a766-279eb42dec55> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.theracetothebottom.org/ward-churchill/looking-closer-at-judge-naves-order.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281649.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00440-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.971597 | 1,211 | 1.59375 | 2 |
What is fatigue?
Fatigue, within a human factors context, can be defined as "1, physical or mental weariness resulting from exertion", which, at least physiologically, is expressed as "3, the decreased capacity or complete inability of an organism, an organ, or a part to function normally because of excessive stimulation or prolonged exertion" (all meanings by The American Heritage Dictionary, 20091).
A detailed explanation of fatigue in aviation embedded from YouTube on 16 August 2012
Fatigue could be considered as a symptom of medical problem but, more commonly, it is a physiological reaction due to exertion, lack of sleep, boredom or even a change in sleeping cycles. Excess fatigue arising from sleep loss, circadian disruption, and other factors tends to decrease alertness, impair performance, and worsen moods. Therefore, it may be expected to influence the performance, health, and safety of people.
Fatigue can be classified into two areas:
- Physical fatigue, due to the inability to continue functioning at the level of one’s normal abilities.
- Mental fatigue, which can surface through decreased wakefulness, also known as somnolence, or just as a general decrease of attention. Fatigue becomes important in aviation when efficiency is reduced or performance is impaired (Hawley, 19974).
Although estimates vary, official statistics indicate that fatigue is involved in at least 4-8% of aviation mishaps. Lyman and Orlady (1980) showed that fatigue was specifically implicated in 77 (3.8 percent) of 2,006 incidents reported by pilots to NASA’s Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS). When the ASRS analysis was expanded to include all factors that could be directly or indirectly linked to fatigue, incidents potentially related to fatigue increased to 426 (21.2 percent). Major problems with statistics relating fatigue to accidents and incidents include the lack of a coherent definition of fatigue itself and the absence of a reliable and valid assessment tool to measure it retrospectively. Fatigue is generally difficult to investigate on a systematic basis and to code in databases. Therefore, any statistics related to fatigue and incidents/accidents are likely to be an underestimate and should be interpreted as such (Skybrary, 20105).
What causes fatigue in pilots?
There are several factors which cause pilots to be fatigued.
These factors consist of: jet lag, disturbed sleep, high workload, the in-correct use of drugs and unresolved stress.
Fatigued pilot Image embedded from The Pacific Northwest Islander on 17 August 2012
Jet lag occurs when circadian rhythms are desynchronised. Our body has many body rhythms which include internal body temperature rhythm, the sleep-wakefulness rhythm and the digestive rhythm (Robson, 2008). These rhythms have the constancy of around 24 hours and thus called the circadian rhythms, as in latin circa is about and dies is day (Robson, 2008). Jet lag is experienced because of these rhythms being desynchronised as a result of flying through different time zones (Robson, 2008). This effects sleep as the body takes time to re-adjust so a pilot may be awake when he/she is supposed to be asleep or vice versa. Lack of sleep is a very common cause of fatigue (Immune health solutions, 2012). Therefore, long-haul pilots can experience fatigue due to jet lag on a regular basis. Jet lag is more evident in people travelling from west to east since the length of day that their internal body rhythm expects is shortened. The body can stand better the change in time if the length of day is lengthened which happens if one travels from East to West. These flights cause Jet Lag because they involve travelling through different time zones and because of this travelling from South to North or vice versa does not cause Jet Lag because the time zone is same throughout the travel in these cases.
Disruption in sleep is a very common cause of fatigue among pilots. Pilots have a very restricting schedule which they have to abide by; which accounts for very little sleep. Sleep disruption can be caused by insomnia which is the inability to fall asleep or having difficulty to sustain sleep (Merrill & Zieve, 2011). This can occur due to jet lag – crossing different time zones. It is very likely that some long haul pilots could suffer insomnia as they cross several different time zones which in turn affect their sleep-wakefulness cycle. Insufficient sleep or disrupted sleep can cause sleep deprivation which effectively results in the pilot to feel fatigued. Short haul flights also can cause disruptions to the sleeping patterns of pilots whose first flight of the day starts very early in the morning as such is the case in flights that require to report before 7am. Under circumstances as this, the pilot is forced to attempt sleep before the normal bed time his body is used to. Due to the body's internal biological clock, the pilot will find it difficult to sleep and this makes it complicated since it is just as if he was still awake and towards the morning, when he has just found sleep comfort, he is forced to wake up at a very unfortunate time when his body is mostly recovering from the previous day's stress. As he wakes up, he has a sleep debt and if this pattern continues for several days, the sleep debt accumulates leading to fatigue on the pilot's behalf (Stokes & Kite, 1994).
High workload can be considered as having to perform many tasks in a confined space of time. Pilots have to deal with many pieces of information at a single time which makes their task of flying very arduous. It is crucial that pilots are alert and up to date with all the information in order to carry out a safe flight. In a high work load environment of the cockpit it is quite possible for pilots to experience mental and physical fatigue. However, it is very important that the workload is managed in an efficient and effective manner to prevent the occurrence of fatigue.
Use of drugs and medication
Drugs are commonly used by individuals to induce relaxation and sleep. Many of these drugs have adverse effects on the quality of ones sleep and without correct monitoring and advice by an aviation medical examiner, have no place in the aviation environment. Alcohol is a particularly common example. While sleeping after a session of heavy drinking, may give the illusion of a deep sleep, this is not the case. The sleep cycle is altered and the sleepers REM cycle is reduced (Hawkins & Orlady, 1993; Robson, 2008). REM sleep is vital for a pilots mental rejuvenation. Caffeine is often used to offset the urge for sleep, and reduce tiredness by pilots on long shifts. Depending on the time and the amount of caffeine consumed, it can also have negative effects on their sleep. While it may temporarily increase alertness, like alcohol, it later reduces REM sleep. Therefore the use of drugs can lead to and increase the effects of fatigue. (Hawkins & Orlady, 1993).
Stress is a natural part of everyday life and it involves direct and in-direct stressors. In aviation the physical act of flying, the aircraft's cockpit environment, the weather and workload are the direct stressors. The in-direct stressors include the pilots work situation and their home/family life (Ewing, 2008). On-going unrelieved stress and the feeling of inability to cope will lead to fatigue (Ewing, 2008). Insomnia, an inability to sleep, is also often linked to unresolved stress. On-going insomnia or unrelieved stress can lead to sleep deprivation (Robson, 2008).
How can fatigue be overcome?
Fatigue can be overcome by sufficient sleep, exercise, a balanced diet (Portenoy & Miaskowski, 2007), medication and with use of relaxation techniques. It is important to get at least the recommended eight hours of sleep (Robson, 2008). Sufficient sleep is among one of the best remedy for fatigue. Having rest periods between flights can aid the pilot in staying alert in the cockpit and thus battling the symptoms of fatigue. A decent amount of exercise keeps the body fit and healthy and therefore helps prevent fatigue. Eating a balance diet is also very important as it ensures that our body receives the right nutrients that it needs to function optimally thus helping toward preventing fatigue. Various medications can be used to combat fatigue provided that it doesn’t interfere with the pilot’s cognitive or physical abilities. Therefore, fatigue can be prevented and cured. It has also been proven that to better combat fatigue, a person travelling across different time zones who is likely to suffer fatigue through jet lag can minimise the likelihood of being fatigued if he or she sticks to his usual daily timings. This means that a pilot who travels from say the east to the west coast of the United States should sleep at the time he usually sleeps in the east coast rather than trying to sleep according to the new time zone he is in. This works best for people who will stay in the new area for a short time such as pilots. It helps pilots to feel exactly the same as if they are still in their homes. | <urn:uuid:7a26b7ac-d350-4df0-9131-d41b29218831> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://aviationknowledge.wikidot.com/aviation:fatigue | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279410.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00173-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952748 | 1,848 | 3.828125 | 4 |
I have a planner that I use. It is from The Old Schoolhouse Magazine and is FULL of information and pages to plan your entire life. I have pulled from this planner so my daughter can make a planner of her own. Well, no more, because The Old Schoolhouse has come up with a planner designed specifically for High School students.
This student planner really does “have it all”. It is written to your student, not the parent. When I asked Sarah (13) to use it and see what she thought this is what she said.
“The TOS High School Planner is brimming full of information. It is divided into five sections. My favorite sections are Calendars, Informational Must-Knows Lists, and Organizational Forms. What I like about the calendar pages is they give you four different styles of calendars. My favorite calendar is the blank one you can fill out on your own. Some of my favorite informational must-know lists are: Famous Authors and their Works, the Newbery Medal, the Caldecott Medal, Kitchen Conversions cheat sheet, and Seven Wonders of the Ancient world. A couple of the Organizational forms that I like are the Daily schedule, One of these Days, I would like to, My Daily Chores, and Dates to Remember. The High school planner has a lot more that I like but these are the major ones.”
My Sarah has always been a “planner” girl. She absolutely loved this planner. She really liked that it was for her, not me. We created a folder on the computer and she can access this planner whenever she needs a new form or to look up information. Then she simply prints it out and puts it in her 3 ring binder.
- Articles specific to High School planning
- Calendars – multiple styles
- Informational Must - Know Lists
- Homeschool Forms
- Organizational Forms
One of the best features, in my opinion, is the ability to either print out each page and fill in by hand, or type the information in the PDF format and then print. The abundance of styles is also an asset. This way if one page, such as a daily schedule, is not working for you, there is another style to try for the next week.
Being a planner specifically designed for homeschool high school students, there are pages dedicated to helping plan their high school careers. Other pages let your student become involved in knowing what courses they have to look forward. They can begin to track what grades they have in certain courses on their own. Transcript pages keep track of classes they have taken. Also included when you buy this planner is a Parent Pack with articles for parents of high school students.
Overall Sarah and I are pleased with The 2010-2011 High School Schoolhouse Planner. We have only begun to use it, and keep finding forms and information sheets that have been overlooked. It has been a positive asset to our school day and beyond.
The 2010-2011 High School Schoolhouse Planner is available from The Old Schoolhouse Store. It is an e-book download with a cost of $29.00.
I received The 2010-2011 High School Schoolhouse Planner for free from The Old Schoolhouse Store in exchange for my honest review of their product. | <urn:uuid:952a9d5f-32e2-4035-b5a5-6c928301f316> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://clarkclancraziness.blogspot.com/2010_10_01_archive.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00407-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966933 | 678 | 2.15625 | 2 |
Canadian Consulting Engineer
New 10-kilometre long tunnel to boost power at Niagara FallsEngineering
Construction of an additional tunnel at Niagara Falls' generating facilities was due to begin in September. It is p...
Construction of an additional tunnel at Niagara Falls’ generating facilities was due to begin in September. It is part of the ongoing efforts to boost power production at the famous site.
The new tunnel is being constructed under a design/build contract awarded to Strabag AG of Austria. Morrison Hershfield, consulting engineers of Toronto, are part of the Strabag team.
The design-build contract, worth $600 million, involves the use of a 14.4-metre diameter tunnel boring machine to excavate the tunnel about 140 metres below ground level. The tunnel is over 10 kilometres long. It will supply additional water from the falls to the Sir Adam Beck generating complex at Queenston Heights, increasing its output by an average of 1.6 Terawatt-hours a year. The power is enough to provide electricity to meet the annual needs of a city twice the size of Niagara Falls. | <urn:uuid:31ed1047-7f72-443e-9ec4-9de7f1771e43> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.canadianconsultingengineer.com/engineering/new-10-kilometre-long-tunnel-to-boost-power-at-niagara-falls/1000044875/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00276.warc.gz | en | 0.953532 | 227 | 1.953125 | 2 |
Consumers believe product sustainability to be more important when buying items for the home than when purchasing anything else. Yet, in Home, aside from furniture leader IKEA, supermarkets and department stores are leading the way with ethical initiatives, with shoppers perceiving these retailers to be more environmentally friendly.
33.3% of consumers buying furniture and floorcoverings selected 9 or 10 on a scale of importance for product sustainability. This exceeded food and grocery (32.8%), and health and beauty (32.7%). But it’s supermarkets, including Sainsbury’s with a newly launched pledge to become ‘net zero’ by 2040, and department stores, such as John Lewis with its ‘sustainability edit’ (106 items that are responsibly sourced) that are doing much more in the field than specialist home retailers.
How important consumers think product sustainability is on a scale of 1 (not important) to 10 (very important) when purchasing from each sector, %
Home shoppers score general merchandise retailers M&S and John Lewis in the top three for being environmentally friendly, while other home specialists fall lower in the ranking; scores for Oak Furniture Land, Harveys and Sofology have all dropped since last year. IKEA, however, remains an outlier, ranking first, and is the only retailer among the top five whose score has markedly increased over the last three years (M&S’s score has increased marginally this year compared with last).
Average score given to retailers for the criteria ‘it is environmentally friendly’ by shoppers of homewares and furniture | <urn:uuid:090348d4-a373-4589-8538-fb9184be42d6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.retail-insight-network.com/comment/ikeas-sustainability-efforts/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.950568 | 330 | 2.25 | 2 |
Olive oils are not just for salad dressings! You can use olive oil for all sorts of cooking like sautéing, roasting, grilling and even baking.
I’m using extra virgin olive oil for this poached tuna, which works really well because olive oil coats food instead of being absorbed into it –so the end result is a crisp exterior with a moist, flaky inside.
You can filter and re-use olive oil from poaching or pan-frying a couple times and still get the same appealing texture and quality results.
Although some of the flavor will diminish with extended heating, the monounsaturated fats and antioxidants in extra virgin olive oil help the oil hold up well in the pan – just take care not to reach the smoke point.
Because extra virgin olive oils vary based on the type of olives, the growing region, and harvesting and processing, the smoke point falls along a range. However, this range is easily above the average home stovetop cooking temperature of 350 degrees.
You can go ahead and swap in the same amount of olive oil in almost any recipe that calls for another cooking oil. To avoid changing the flavor of the dish, use olive oil. To amp up the flavor, use extra virgin.
For this grilled bread pizza, I brushed the outside with extra virgin olive oil – this coats the bread for a nice finish that’s not soggy. If you’ll be grilling something for an extended period of time, remember olive oil is actually a blend of refined olive oil with some extra virgin olive oil added back for flavor -
Since it’s mostly refined, the smoke point range is higher and more consistent, so you might consider olive oil over extra virgin olive oil when grilling or cooking at higher temperatures or for longer times.
But the flavor is really the best benefit. This tomato sauce has great flavor from the “hidden vegetables” that’s really enhanced by the extra virgin olive oil in the sauce.
Remember, like wine, you can experiment with extra virgin olive oils from different regions and different olives or blends, and discover how the variety of flavors affects different foods. | <urn:uuid:ffd2e9fe-fee4-490b-8e57-77a31c1832b6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.aboutoliveoil.org/olive-oil-poached-tuna-video | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573029.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817153027-20220817183027-00274.warc.gz | en | 0.92278 | 448 | 1.742188 | 2 |
I hope you are all having a good week so far! This week in writing along with "showing, not telling," we are also working on adding adverbs to make our good writing even better! I had the kids close their eyes and I gave them the sentence, "The fish swam." Then they had to describe the picture they had in their head. All the pictures were different! Then I gave them the sentence,
"The mama fish swam quickly upstream after laying her eggs." (We are studying the life cycle of fish this week!) The kids described their visualization and were so much closer in what they "saw." Adverbs are a way to revise writing to make our stories more clear for our readers! We want to make our good writing even better!
We brainstormed three different kinds of simple adverbs.
Then the kids got busy creating and building their own sentences full of adverbs. A quote from one of my little cuties, "I just love doing this! I can't wait to use adverbs in my draft book writing!"
They were so proud of their 15+ word sentences!!
I was too!!!
Unit includes nouns, verbs and adverbs. The kids know how to add adjectives.
OK! Gotta run!! Working on some decor for our school's 10 year birthday party!! It's going to be spectacular!!
Have a great rest of the week!!
Don't be shy! Leave a comment! Your words make me want to be better! | <urn:uuid:4030a127-7787-4beb-846a-59dedcb621b7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://firstgradewow.blogspot.com/2015/04/april-adverb-adventure.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00477.warc.gz | en | 0.984039 | 317 | 2.828125 | 3 |
researching this article I realized there are three certain things in life
for those of us living in Euro-North American societies and many other
parts of the world: death, taxes and the census. Many governments, past
and present, do not rely on population records — a census — to collect
and spend taxes.
Just as taxes are
often collected for reasons other than paying for government services,
censuses are performed for reasons other than a head count. The Church
of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (LDS Church) defines a census on their
Web site [http://www.familysearch.org]
as "An official count of the population taken by a government or church."
Censuses come in
two kinds: head counts with little or no personal information, and a nominal
census, i.e., a census with names or an enumeration which identifies each
individual counted by name, as a minimum, and other personal information.
(For a concise history of the census, see Infoplease.com [http://www.infoplease.com].)
Most nominal censuses
collect personal information, sometimes in great detail, and in exchange
for a guarantee of privacy until several decades have elapsed. These historical,
nominal census schedules with personal information are among the most important
research sources for family historians (genealogists) and, since the late
1970s and the rise of personal computers, historical demographers.
to census schedules and also prized by genealogists, parish (ecclesiastical)
registers contain names and dates associated with Christian religious rituals
such as baptism (and sometimes birth information), marriage, burial (and
death information). Some parish registers also record the movement of individuals
into and out of a parish. In Europe, these records are generally considered
part of the historical demographic record for reconstructing population
counts. In North America, because governments normally sponsor censuses,
the same class of records are regarded as vital statistics documents. While
we will mention a few examples here, a future Searcher article will cover
online parish registers, vital statistics and related databases for genealogical
research. Many of the sites operated by genealogical societies or individual
family historians contain additional links that readers should click and
explore. No one article can do justice to the wealth of current and historic
census and demographic data available on the Web or through commercial
data services and data libraries.
Part I of this
article looks at the census tradition within the U.K., the Scandinavian
countries, and selected European nations where governments, genealogists,
social science researchers, and the LDS Church have begun, over the past
20 to 30 years, cooperative projects to extract valuable data from these
records. (Part II will focus on the history of the Canadian census.) We
will discuss some of the software and standards developed by research communities,
in particular historical demographers, as well as some of the copyright
and privacy issues surrounding census data. However, we will only mention
some of the various ethnic and religious groups that develop and maintain
their own genealogical Web sites for members. Nor will we cover the many
CD-ROM databases of census transcriptions. The majority of these CD-ROMs
cover the U.S., Canada, and the U.K.
General Guides to the Census
and Population Statistics
and demographic (population) resources are abundant and easy to find on
the Web. Besides well-known directories such as Google Directory [http://directory.google.com/]
and Yahoo!, several specialized guides cover online census records. Google's
directory contains entries under Science > Math > Statistics and Science
> Social Sciences > Demography and Population Studies. Web sites specific
to a country may also appear in an equivalent Regional category.
The Google Directory entry for family history is under Society > Genealogy.
/ Statistics Guides
bills itself as a Yahoo!-like directory for research statistics and statistical
analysis. The site includes software, courses, and a site search engine.
A comparable academic site is StatLib [http://lib.stat.cmu.edu/],
managed by the Department of Statistics, Carnegie-Mellon University.
The U.S. Census
Bureau maintains a reference page to various world population data
and an International Data Base (IDB) with demographic data for 227
countries and regions [http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idbnew.html]
from 1950 to the present, as well as projected data up to 2050. A free,
downloadable copy of the IDB, updated to May 10, 2000, is available for
the Intel PC platform. The U.S. Census Bureau also tends a list of national
Statistical Agencies (International) [http://www.census.gov/main/www/stat_int.html].
within many countries also maintain government statistical agencies that
rely upon and interpret national census data. In my province, for example,
this function is performed by BCStats [http://www.bcstats.gov.bc.ca/].
The Norwegian central statistics office (Statistisk sentralbyrå)
tracks Web Servers at Statistical Agencies [http://www.ssb.no/english/links/main.shtml].
Still going strong
after 8 years, the World Wide Web Virtual Library: Demography &
Population Studies: The Internet Guide to Demography and Population Studies
is one of the oldest categories in the WWWVL collection. One of the topic
lists is Census and Data Servers. Its counterpart, the World
Wide Web Virtual Library: Statistics [http://www.stat.ufl.edu/vlib/statistics.html],
is managed by the University of Florida Department of Statistics.
site-search engine [http://www.about.com]
offers a good way to start looking for online census records. Its main
drawback, as experienced searchers know, is that the various subject guides
duplicate one another's work. In a March 31, 2002, search, the keyword-based
site-search engine produced nearly 1,600 hits for the word "census." Limiting
the search to only the About Genealogy guide from Kimberly Powell produced
about 300 hits. About Genealogy references heavily emphasize U.S. and U.K.
resources, barely touching on the wealth of online census data on the international
Web. A short list of information about international census records in
the About Genealogy guide appears at http://genealogy.about.com/cs/census/
with links to online census records at http://genealogy.about.com/cs/censusonline/.
If imitation and
linking are criteria for success, then Ancestry.com [http://www.ancestry.com]
clearly prevails. So many commercial and personal Web sites look like and
link to Ancestry.com that inexperienced searchers may believe they have
arrived at Ancestry.com or that Ancestry.com contains all they need. An
integrated search interface to its databases covers more than 1.3 billion
names, and one can limit a search by name to just census records. The drawback
to Ancestry.com is that its databases only cover the U.S., Canada, and
the U.K. The special section devoted to U.K. resources contains general
descriptions of various census records and background information on the
geographic locations of records in the Ancestry.com databases.
The most famous
and well-used (over 27 million visitors since 1996) personal links directory
is Cyndi's List of Genealogy Sites on the Internet [http://www.cyndislist.com/].
Compiled and maintained by Cyndi Howell, Cyndi's List is hosted by RootsWeb.
I visited the site twice at a 1-month interval to see whether she was still
adding the same number of links she claims to average each month. On February
28, 2002, it held more than 123,550 links, with 115,300 of those organized
into more than 150 categories. On March 31, it had grown to over 126,850
links with 118,550 in the same number of categories. That's 3,300 "new"
links or 110 links per day, assuming the 30-day period stated in her FAQ.
This is a full-time job, as she says, because she also updates and deletes
another 1,000 or so each month, as well as wading through a couple hundred
e-mail messages each day. Even more impressive, the site appears to be
Cyndi's List has
three site search engines: FreeFind, Atomz, and Google. And here we see
the drawback and why there are so many links. A FreeFind search for "Scots
Origins" got me 26 results, Atomz yielded 94 matches, and Google split
the difference with 43 hits. Cyndi uses the same set of links on multiple
pages, apparently counting each of those as a new link. In the census category,
for example, there is one main link to Scots Origins and seven sublinks.
Some of the same set of links appear in the Google search.
Cyndi's List has
a Census Related Sites Worldwide category, with 142 sites on February
26, 2002, and 144 sites on March 22, the last two times it was updated
prior to my visits. This category divides into two sections: Census
Tools & Information, with some commercial products included, and
Census Indexes & Records, i.e., lists or databases compiled by
genealogists or produced by government agencies, such as the Public Record
Office of England. Unfortunately, while the list appears to be in date
order, it is actually in numeric-alpha order, with site titles beginning
as a numeric value, in this case a census year, filing before the letter
A. Researchers would probably find filing by date and country-census district
more helpful. Despite its repetitive nature, however, Cyndi's List remains
one of the most helpful starting points for census research.
directory lists independent genealogy and historical Web sites from around
the world. RootsWeb [http://www.rootsweb.com]
is a volunteer-driven genealogical site supported by Ancestry.com. Several
family history databases and search engines help hunt down census lists
compiled by genealogists. The WorldGenWeb Project [http://www.worldgenweb.org],
hosted by RootsWeb, includes a non-searchable Online Digital Archive
with transcriptions of public domain records, including censuses. Browse
the archive by country to download files stored as ASCII text and sometimes
Guides to Historic
/ Census Databases
Cyndi's List of
— Searchable Online [http://www.cyndislist.com/database.htm]
includes a subsection on historic census databases. Although this page
does not include some of the census databases listed in the main census
category of her site, it does point users to the other section of her site
("Census Related Sites Worldwide").
Tim Doyle maintains
the Online Genealogical Database Index [http://www.gentree.com/gentree.html],
which he claims "links to all known genealogical databases searchable through
the Web." Access is by the letter of the alphabet which begins the database
name. With no search engine, you can spend some time guessing the name
of a specific database. Even though he states the index "does NOT include
links to sites devoted to a family unless a database is available for searching,"
most of the index pages I checked contained databases devoted to a specific
surname or a family.
The Census Online
Finder(Free online census records directory) [http://www.imagin.net/~tracers/census1.htm]
includes U.K. (Ireland and Scotland) links. CensusLinks [http://censuslinks.com/]
is a portal site with a geographic directory to online census databases,
as well as research guides and tools for using various census records.
Microdata Around the World [http://www.rhd.uit.no/nhdc/micro.html]
is a Norwegian guide to online census and demographic data. GenSource
maintains a guide to international census sources.
Metasearch Sites for Census
Only a few metasearch
sites cover census records outside the U.S. GenealogyPortal.com [http://www.genealogyportal.com/]
combines a topic directory and search engine, including one to census records.
or GENealogy ReSOURCEs [http://www.gensource.com/]
contains I Found It, a family history Web directory and search engine,
and the IFI Archives. Site owners Deb Kinneer and the GenSource Group describe
the latter as "actual historical records to assist your genealogy research.
Many individuals have taken the time to transcribe records and place them
on the Net for your use. I have indexed the contents of these sites....
" GenSource also contains a virtually unpopulated and geographically inaccurate
Guide to online international census records. The U.K. Channel Islands
are listed under Oceania > New Zealand, France is listed not under Europe
but under Mediterranean Counties [sic], and England falls under British
Isles but not United Kingdom.
Free Census Online & Genealogy Records [http://www.censusdiggins.com/].
Started as a census transcription project, this site claims to have "thousands
of census records in our online census transcriptions along with marriages,
death records, Civil War soldier records, Civil War prison information,
photos and links. Genealogy search engines books,tips, links, resources,
software and more." And the site promises, "Our Genealogy Records Will
Always Be FREE." The census transcriptions, which can be searched, are
U.S.-centric, but the site includes links to other sites with international
census data.Oddly enough, the site search engine (PicoSearch) is placed
below the Ancestry.com search engine.
For a free database
service to help locate online census databases, go to FamilyTreeSearcher.com
You can store up to 10 names with some mandatory and optional vital statistic
information for searching multiple databases of genealogical information.
For those not
wishing to navigate the main European Union site, the European Union
in the U.S. site [http://www.eurunion.org/infores/resguide.htm]
contains an A-Z list of EU Web sites. Conducting a page search for "statistics"
will locate EuroStat [http://europa.eu.int/comm/eurostat/],
the EU's main statistical office. The EuroStat site has interfaces in English,
French, or German: Look for Population & Social Conditions to uncover
current demographic data.
(Statistics Denmark) [http://www2.dst.dk/internet/startUK.htm]
is the national statistical agency. The Danish Demographic Database
Demografisk Database) [http://ddd.sa.dk/DDD_EN.htm],
a service of the Danish Data Archive [http://www.dda.dk/]
within the Danish State Archives, provides free searches of Danish censuses
between 1769 and 1916. While there are several fields for searching, two
of the fields are required: name (at least three characters) and the county
(from a pick list). Results can be sorted by name, record number, parish,
offers the free Web-based StatFin-Online Service which includes population
data. The Genealogical Society of Finland [Finnish: http://www.genealogia.fi/
and English: http://www.genealogia.fi/indexe.htm]
maintains an excellent site with many online articles, some transcribed
from public domain sources, about Finnish emigration to North America and
other parts of the world. A database, the HisKi project, is transcribing
pre-20th century parish registers containing christenings, marriages, burials,
and moves into and out of a parish.
National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques
(INSEE) [French only: [http://www.insee.fr/fr/home/home_page.asp]
— the National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies — comes closest
to being France's national statistical agency and provides a variety of
downloadable Adobe Acrobat PDF files on current and historic Population
statistics. An explanation of the French public statistical system appears
on the INSEE site at [http://www.insee.fr/EN/stat_pub/accueil_stat.htm.
The National de l'Information Statistique (CNIS) [French: http://www.cnis.fr/
and English: [http://www.cnis.fr/ind_english.htm]
or National Council for Statistical Information coordinates statistical
a ctivity by public sector agencies with INSEE. The most recent French
census (recensement) was held in 1999. Data results can be consulted
in French at http://www.recensement.insee.fr/
or in English at http://www.recensement.insee.fr/RP99/rp99/
national d'études démographiques (INED) [http://www.ined.fr/]
in French and English contains historic census records for France back
to 1769. A special bilingual database, History of Demographic Statistics:
Census, Registers and Other Demographic Forms and Other Documents [http://www-census.ined.fr/],
offers "material on the 19th and 20th century censuses (contents of the
forms, instructions, propaganda,...), and more generally on the history
of demographic statistics." You can query this database by country, document
type, and year. Documents store as scanned images and include posters encouraging
the public to complete their census returns.
An English version
of the Federal Statistical Office Germany [http://www.destatis.de/e_home.htm]
offers population and other statistics in tabular and graph formats. Some
of the data and services are only available through German language displays.
http://www.gesis.org/ and English:
the German Social Science Infrastructure Services, maintains data archives.
Like other small
European nations, the Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek (Statistics
provides free access to its StatLine database. The Dutch Census of
was published in 1904 and is available in digital facsimile form (in Dutch
as OCR text and GIF images) via the Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek.
This document is also available as a CD-ROM set, as is De Nederlandse
Institute of Social History in Amsterdam maintains The Historical Sample
of the Netherlands [http://www.iisg.nl/~hsn/index.html],
which consists of "a representative sample of about 80.000 people born
in the Netherlands during the period 1812-1922." Database sources include
birth, marriage, and death certificates, as well as population (census)
registers. According to the site, the Netherlands "is one of the few countries
in the world that has kept a continuous population register starting as
early as the mid-19th century" and continued this practice until at least
1920. Access to the complete database requires signing a license agreement.
research institute, the Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute
provides some basic total population figures. Its Links page references
over 500 census and statistical Web sites. The Netherlands Institute
for Scientific Information Services(NIWI) [http://www.niwi.knaw.nl/us/homepag.htm]
maintains data archives, including the Netherlands Historical Data Archive
(NHDA) with data sets of historical demography. Some of the "deposited"
data sets, once found through the online NHDA catalog, are downloadable.
sentralbyrå (Statistics Norway) [http://www.ssb.no/]
contains current population tables through the online Statistical Yearbook
of Norway 2001. According to the online guide How to Trace Your Ancestor
in Norway [http://odin.dep.no/odinarkiv/norsk/dep/ud/1996/eng/032005-990804/index-dok000-b-f-a.html].
were taken in 1769, 1801, and every tenth year from 1815, up to and including
1875. From 1890 (1891) a population census has been taken every tenth year.
All census returns from 1900 and earlier are available for inspection.
They are all located in the National Archives, except for the 1875 and
1900 returns, which are kept in the regional archives.
about the history of the Norwegian censuses, including pre-1769 censuses,
occur in Michael Drake's article "Getting into the Norwegian Census" [http://www.rhd.uit.no/nhdc/michael02.html]
and in the Norwegian Historical Data Centre's "Documenting the Norwegian
(The Digital Archives) [http://www.hist.uib.no/arkivverket/index-en.htm]
is a joint project between the National Archives of Norway, the Regional
State Archives of Bergen, and the University of Bergen's Department of
History. This site features the national censuses of 1801, 1865, 1875,
and 1900, as well as portions of censuses from the 1660s. To view a pick
list of all the censuses and the search interface, select the Source
categories (Kjeldetype) link at the bottom of the page. A list of all
the Digital Archives online censuses appears at http://www.hist.uib.no/arkivverket/teljing.htm.
A Norwegian language summary of historical censuses, Folketeljingar
i Noreg (Censuses in Norway), is available through the Useful links
section of The Digital Archives.
Historical Data Centre [http://www.rhd.uit.no/indexeng.html],
based at the University of Tromsø, is a national research and production
facility that creates databases of the Norwegian national censuses from
1865 forward. Census data can be ordered in print form or as ASCII files
on diskettes, as well as searched. The Fylkesarkivet i Sogn og Fjordane
County Archive of Sogn og Fjordane in Leikanger, is an example of a county
archives with a large number of genealogical databases limited to its jurisdiction,
including eight censuses between 1701 and 1900. Searches of the census
ASP databases are by parish, farm, first and father's names, or occupation.
Selecting a farm name calls up a table listing all individuals enumerated
at that location.
Like many other
countries, the Norwegian Social Science Data Services [http://www.nsd.uib.no/english/]
assists the research community in gaining access to computerized numeric
and textual data sources. Archivnett (Archive Net Norway) [http://arkivnett.kulturnett.no/artikkel.php?navn=archivenet],
part of Kulturnett Norge (Culture Net Norway), offers searches for additional
census and census-like records, including transcriptions of the tingbøker
from the 1600s. (A tingbok is a court record book containing summaries
To pick up the
largest number of matches to census records in Norwegian archives, use
the word "folketeljing" (census; the plural is folketeljingar).
According to the
1890 site, the first Swedish census was taken in 1749. The National
Archives of Sweden is transcribing the 1890 census, a project begun in
1994, with the goal of indexing all 4.8 million individuals then living
Anno 1890: The
Swedish Census 1890 [Swedish: http://www.foark.umu.se/folk/
and English: http://www.foark.umu.se/census/Index.htm].
Produced by Arkionand the Research Archives in Umeå, this census
covers the Swedish countiesNorrbotten, Västerbotten, Västernorrland,
Jämtland, and Värmland. The database can also produce statistics,
but only at the parish level within a county. All data from the original
schedules is recorded only in Swedish. A glossary/dictionary is available
which translates into English many of the most common terms.
Data Base [http://www2.ddb.umu.se/index_eng.html],
hosted at Umeå University, contains a subset of the main DDB database
called Popum. Indiko ("individuals from selected cohorts") [http://www.ddb.umu.se/indiko/index_eng.html],
the subset, can be searched or browsed. Ecclesiastical parish registers
form the primary data sources for Popum and Indiko. Only the parish of
Tuna in the Sundsvall region is searchable for free; the other 47 parishes
require a subscription.
Social Science Data Service [http://www.ssd.gu.se/enghome.html]
at Göteborg University is the data archives for the arts and humanities.
The United Kingdom's
contains a population start page [http://www.statistics.gov.uk/themes/population/default.asp].
is the U.K.'s browsable/searchable catalog of statistical information and
links to data sets in various formats from statistical agencies throughout
According to the
Record Office [http://www.pro.gov.uk]
of England, Wales and the U.K., official census data was compiled every
decade beginning in 1801. Records remain closed for 100 years. Personal
information was not recorded until 1841, and World War II prevented the
taking of a census in 1941. The 1901 census is the first national census
of the 20th century to be digitized in its entirety by any government and
made accessible through a public Web site on a user-pay basis. Unfortunately,
after its launch this year, the site was overwhelmed with requests and
remained shut down 3 months later (April 1, 2002). Additional information
about the U.K. census appears in the PRO's Learning Curve virtual exhibit
"Focus on ... The Census" [http://learningcurve.pro.gov.uk/focuson/census/],
and an online exhibit from its "Pathways to the Past" series prepared for
the release of the 1901 Census Online: "1901: Living at the Time of the
will appreciate the gateway site Origins.net [http://www.origins.net],
which as of April 1, 2002, could be searched simultaneously or independently
for English and Scottish ancestors by surname. More search options are
available by visiting English Origins and Scots Origins, as well as the
newest addition, Irish Origins.
The Census Information
was established in partnership with the British research community and
contains information about data sets from the most recent U.K. census held
on April 29, 2001. Additional information about the establishment of the
gateway can be found through the ESRC/JISC Census of Population Programme
hosted at Leeds University.
Collection of Historical and Contemporary Census Data and Related Materials
(CHCC) into a Major Learning and Teaching Resource [http://www.chcc.ac.uk/]
received funding for 4 years beginning in October 2000 from the Joint Information
Systems Committee (JISC). Some teaching resources are available through
the Links to Learning and Teaching Materials section. Individual
university initiatives such as Staffordshire University's Victorian
Census Project [http://www.staffs.ac.uk/schools/humanities_and_soc_sciences/census/vichome.htm],
already underway at the time the CHCC was started, are developing statistical
data sets and educational resources covering counties.
The Great Britain
Historical Database Online (GBHD Online) [http://hds.essex.ac.uk/gbh.asp],
is part of the History Data Service, U.K. Data Archive, University of Essex.
Created by Humphrey Southall, David Gilbert, and Ian Gregory as part of
the Great Britain Historical GIS Programme (University of Portsmouth)
the GBHD Online database includes some statistical data from selected censuses
dating between 1841 and 1931. The database is only accessible upon registration
with the History Data Service for a period of 12 months.
The U.K. Data
Archive (UKDA) [http://www.data-archive.ac.uk/]
holds the largest collection of electronic numeric data for social science
studies in the U.K. One of its units, the History Data Service [http://hds.essex.ac.uk],
maintains the Great Britain Historical Database Online. The HDS also contains
resources that support the use of census and statistical data in an educational
or Manchester Information & Associated Services, formerly known as
MIDAS, also operates as a national data center, with support from the Joint
Information Systems Committee (JISC). The site provides a gateway to various
types of data sets, including census and statistical information, for eligible
U.K. institutions. The MIMAS Census Dissemination Unit [http://census.ac.uk/cdu/]
maintains a Census Knowledge Base, which covers the 1981 and 1991
U.K. census data sets. Extensive online resources, including software (some
for purchase), are available to help use these data sets. Developed by
members of the MIMAS Census Dissemination Unit, CasWeb [http://census.ac.uk/casweb/]
offers U.K. registered institutional users 1991 U.K. census statistics
and digitized boundary data.
The Data Depot
in the U.K. offers demographic and GIS data sets for the U.K. and Europe.
Some free population data is available as downloadable tables and reports.
of Genealogists (U.K.) [http://www.sog.org.uk/]
operates thefee-based English Origins [http://www.englishorigins.com],
itself part of Origins.net. There are, however, no historical census records
on English Origins, instead these sites rely on other documents such as
wills, land transfers, etc.
English Origins, the RootsWeb-hosted U.K. Census Online or FreeCen
project provides a free, searchable database of 19th century U.K. census
returns. FreeCen is part of FreeUKGEN, an initiative aimed at helping make
high quality primary (or near-primary) records of relevance to U.K. genealogy
conveniently and freely available online. (Other projects associated with
the FreeUKGEN initiative include FreeBMD and FreeREG)." FreeGEN was started
in July 1999 by Brian Randell (GenUKI, Devon and Newcastle University)
and John Lerwill (genealogist and computer systems developer).
within U.K. Census Online is the Cornish Online Census Project [http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~kayhin/ukocp.html]:
"Over 100 volunteers worldwide are transcribing the returns for the Cornwall
1891 and 1841 census.... Another 14 counties are also underway or about
St Andrew the Less 1891 Census Index [http://www.cfhs.org.uk/CambridgeStAndrewtheLess1891/index.html],
Cambridgeshire Family History Society. This database, covering only one
enumeration district, contains 17,096 transcribed records.
Census Search [http://www.haverhill-uk.com/genealogy/census/index.shtml],
Haverhill Family History Group, Suffolk Family History Society. The database
contains 14,087 records for Haverhill and surrounding communities bearing
charming English names such as Helions Bumpstead, Shudy Camps, and Steeple
1901 March 31,
England and Wales: 1901 Census Online [http://www.census.pro.gov.uk/],
Public Record Office. This site had a rude awakening to the realities of
consumer demand when it opened and then closed again in early January 2002.
As of April 1, 2002, a more robust configuration is undergoing testing
to simulate high demand. The name index contains over 32 million entries
and can be searched for free. The individual digitized census schedule
pages can be purchased through a credit or debit card, or through a voucher
card system similar to prepaid cell phone cards. According to the online
tutorial, you can search by name (Person Search), address, place,
institution, or vessel. A successful search will yield a name, age, birthplace,
county, and civil parish. In the payment section, the minimum charge is
£5. Viewing a transcription of an individual page costs 50p. A transcription
for others living in the same household will cost another 50p. Viewing
the digital facsimile or image of the original census schedule costs 75p
per image. Searches are session-based, and a session may be suspended for
up to 48 hours by the user (for a bathroom break or another pint of medicinal
Statistics Office [http://www.cso.ie/]
maintains current statistics for Ireland (excluding Northern Ireland).
The category for population figures in the Principal Statistics link is
called Demography and Labour Force. Tabular data is linked to downloadable
Adobe Acrobat PDF files. The EireStat Spreadsheet Service [http://www.eirestat.cso.ie/],
also known as Databank Direct, contains population and vital statistics
launched on March 25, 2002, as the latest addition to Origins.net, indexes
"over 22,351 Irish genealogy Web pages, containing 1,437,505 names, including
census data, Griffith's valuations, ships passenger lists, church records,
convict records, and more." Searches are free and many of the matches link
to free Web sites.
According to the
National Archives of Ireland [http://www.nationalarchives.ie/],
the only two online census databases are those of Leitrim-Roscommon for
1901 and that of Clare County Library [http://www.clarelibrary.ie],
also for 1901. The Leitrim-Roscommon Genealogy Web Site [http://www.leitrim-roscommon.com/]
covers the Irish counties of Leitrim and Roscommon. Two census databases
are available: 1749 and 1901. The 1749 census was conducted by Bishop Synge
of Elphin for the Church of Ireland as a means of determining the ratio
of Protestants to Catholics. (The former lost.) The 1901 database includes
five other counties besides Leitrim and Roscommon. The Leitrim-Roscommon
site also offers two other databases for use with the 1851 Ireland census:
the Townland Database, with information on the towns and townland
in these counties, and the IreAtlas Townland Database, whichdoes
the same, but for all of Ireland in the 1851 census.
of Irish Historical Statistics [http://www.qub.ac.uk/cdda/iredb/dbhme.htm],
maintained at the Centre for Data Digitisation and Analysis (CDDA), Queen's
University of Belfast, contains all population censuses from the first
count in 1821 to 1971. The CDDA also has a data set based on the incomplete
Irish census of 1813. The database records carry no nominal information.
According to the site, many of the 19th century schedules were destroyed
by fire in 1922. I recommend the History Data Service [http://hds.essex.ac.uk/]
as the first access point to these data sets.
The 2001 Scotland Census [http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/grosweb/grosweb.nsf/pages/censushm],
hailed as the first under a Scottish parliament, was held on April 29 and
managed by the General Register Office for Scotland (GROS) [http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/].
The office is working with two vendors to develop online and offline delivery
of statistical data from the census returns. You can access the pilot Web
site for this system, known as the SCROL (Scottish Census Results
Output Library) Project, at [http://www.scrolpilot.org.uk/.
The site, not fully functional yet, features analytic tables and census
data mapped to a Geographic Information System. The project is targeted
for completion by March 2003. GROS also provides online demographic statistics
in tabular form or as downloadable files.
1881, 1891, 1901, Scotland:
Scots Origins [http://www.scotsorigins.com/],
General Register Office for Scotland. Described as the "official government
source of genealogical data for Scotland," Scots Origins includes digital
facsimiles of the 1891 and 1901 Scottish censuses. Although searchable,
the 1881 Scottish census, also available, does not have any page images.
Scots Origins charges "£6 (check currency) for 30 'page credits'
valid for 24 consecutive hours."
Many multinational collaborative
projects involve the genealogical community in census transcriptions. Many
of these, independent of WorldGenWeb, are based in the U.S. and the Scandinavian
The Council of European Social
Science Data Archives (CESSDA) [http://www.nsd.uib.no/Cessda/]
"promotes the acquisition, archiving, and distribution of electronic data
for social science teaching and research in Europe." Its site features
three clickable maps of social sciences data archives in Europe, North
America, and elsewhere in the world. CESSDA is affiliated with the International
Federation for Data Organizations (IFDO) [http://www.gesis.org/en/cooperation/data_service/ifdo/].
The International Institute of
Social History [http://www.iisg.nl/]
in the Netherlands contains a searchable database for retrieving online
census data or the locations of census and statistical data.
Headquartered in Paris and established
twice, once in 1928 and again in 1947, the International Union for the
Scientific Study of Population [http://www.iussp.org/]
"promotes scientific studies of demography and population-related issues."
Some of its publications are available for free. The IUSSP-sponsored
Population and Environment Research Network (PERN) [http://www.populationenvironmentresearch.org/]
contains a research database that leads, in some cases, to full-text demographic
"a directory of databases in the Nordic Countries" sponsored by NordInfo
and the Nordic Council, is the most convenient starting point for locating
publicly available databases in the Scandinavian countries and Iceland.
Census databases list in the subject category, Demographics.
The North Atlantic Population
is an enormous project to compile a database of personal information for
90 million individuals enumerated in five North Atlantic nations in the
19th century. The countries are Canada, Iceland, Norway, the U.K. (England,
Wales, and Scotland), and the U.S. Primarily, this project coordinates
funding and sets standards for encoding data to facilitate analysis and
research by social scientists and others. The database will use, unless
plans change, a software system under development called the Integrated
International Microdata Access System (IIMAS). Simultaneous release of
the data is planned in Britain, Norway, and the U.S. in late 2005.
The SSNE Database or Scotland,
Scandinavia, & Northern Europe, 1580-1707 [http://www.abdn.ac.uk/ssne/],
hosted at the University of Aberdeen, Scotland, was authored by Dr. Steve
Murdoch and Dr. Alexia Grosjean. The database contains over 6,000 records,
drawn from a variety of text sources, on individuals from "Scotland, England,
Ireland and Wales who migrated to or worked in Denmark-Norway and Sweden-Finland."
Although none of the text source fields contain the word "census," the
SSNE is an important research resource due to the amount of narrative detail
for each individual and the number of search options.
The U.N. Statistics Division [http://www.un.org/Depts/unsd/]
contains some free population tables, along with other statistical data
available by subscription. The UNSTATS Common Database, which includes
demographic information, is available in demonstration mode.
Software, Standards, and the Academic Research
The granddaddy of statistical analysis
software, as every college and university math and social science major
knows, is SPSS [http://www.spss.com/].
Some other well-known general statistical software packages developed in
the U.S., often by the academic community, over the past 20 to 30 years
include GenStat [http://www.vsn-intl.com/],
Statistical Analysis System[http://www.ncss.com/],
SAS Family [http://www.sas.com/],
and SUDAAN [http://www.rti.org/sudaan/].
Users can find more examples of statistical software at the Stata Corporation
Not to be outdone, since 1981 the
U.K. academic community has developed and licensed an impressive range
of software for working with census and statistical data sets. Some of
this software, including Web-based interfaces such as CasWeb, is described
on the MIMAS Census Dissemination Unit's Software page [http://census.ac.uk/cdu/software/].
formerly Iris and one of the most interesting and available in a demonstration
mode as a Java applet, is a visualization tool for census data. The Descartes
software (described in more detail through links at [http://borneo.gmd.de/and/)was
developed in Germany by the Knowledge Discovery Team of Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft's
(Fraunhofer Company) Institute für Autonome intelligente Systeme (AiS,
Institute for Autonomous Intelligent Systems) [http://ais.gmd.de/index.en.html].
In its commercial version (dialoGIS), you can view Descartes at the University
of Idaho's Idaho Geospatial Data Center [http://geolibrary.uidaho.edu/].
The AiS Knowledge Discovery Team is also involved in several other data
mining projects involving visualization modes [http://www.ais.fraunhofer.de/KD/index.html].
under development by Statistics Netherlands, is "a tool for data collection.
It also helps you in an easy and straightforward way through the subsequent
data processing steps (like, tabulation, adjustment weighting, and statistical
analysis)." Available for Windows only, the product is used worldwide.
NESSTAR (Networked Social
Science Tools and Resources) [http://www.nesstar.org/]
is a client-server software suite funded by the European Commission and
developed by the data archives community and its users. Jostein Ryssevik
and Simon Musgrave, lead co-developers of NESSTAR, called the system "The
Social Science Dream Machine" in a paper delivered at the May 1999 IASSIST
conference.NESSTAR is used for distributing statistical and other kinds
of numeric data via the Internet. The NESSTAR site supplies the client
and server software, along with extensive documentation.
The Virtual Data Center Project:
An Operational Social Science Digital Data Library [http://www.thedata.org/],
ajoint project of the Harvard-MIT Data Center and Harvard University Library,
sounds very much like an American version of NESSTAR. Given that both use
the DDI and that NESSTAR already has a full suite of software serving the
same purpose, one can't help but wonder about the future of this project.
The project sponsors claim it will be unique as open-source software and
as a public collection of social science data. The project's grant, funded
by agencies such as the National Science Foundation, the FBI, DARPA, the
Library of Congress, and the National Library of Medicine, among others,
runs from July 1, 1999, to June 30, 2002.
The Data Documentation Initiative
is an XML Document Type Definition (DTD) led by the Inter-University Consortium
for Political And Social Research (ICPSR) [http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/index.html].
Beta testing of the DTD began in 1999 following 4 years of meetings by
the DDI Committee. Version 1 of the DTD was published on March 24, 2000,
and is used around the world in various numeric data projects.
The GEDCOM (Genealogical Data
Communication) specification for the storage and interchange of family
history data was developed by the LDS Church. The current version 5.5 is
dated 1995 [http://www.gendex.com/gedcom55/55gctoc.htm].
Beginning in the early 1990s, several individuals developed programs to
convert GEDCOM data files to HTML [see the WorldConnect Project history
for details; http://worldconnect.genealogy.rootsweb.com/wchistory.html].
a nonprofit corporation, released version 1.1 of its Genealogical Data
Model in May 2000. GenTech also operates the GEDCOM Testbook Project [http://www.gentech.org/TestBook2001/],
a scorecard to see how well GEDCOM acts in its capacity as a data interchange
standard. GedX.com is developing GEDCOM Explorer (GedX) [http://www.gedx.com/gedx/default.html]
as a shareware "utility for viewing, modifying, converting, and otherwise
working with GEDCOM Files."
The Historical International Classification
of Occupations (HISCO) [http://www.iisg.nl/research/hisco.html]
is an important component in the international effort by historical demographers
to standardize census data. Hosted by the International Institute of Social
History, HISCO is based on the 1968 version of the International Labour
Office's International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO). Occupational
information dates range between 1690-1970.
IPUMS (Integrated Public Use
Microdata Series: Census Microdata for Social and Economic Research) [http://www.ipums.umn.edu/],
created in October 1997 at the Minnesota Population Center, University
of Minnesota, is both a specification and a database. Two versions of the
standard exist: IPUMS-USA, a free census database covering 1850 to 1990,
and IPUMS-International (IPUMSi), under development by international teams.
The IPUMS databases form the core of the North American partners' contribution
to the North Atlantic Population Project [http://www.pop.umn.edu/napp/index.html].
Academic Research Community
In addition to academic and research
department units working with specific census data, as well as the various
multi- and international organizations already mentioned, a number of multinational
research projects involving the academic community are underway.
The International Federation for
Data Organizations (IFDO) [http://www.gesis.org/en/cooperation/data_service/ifdo/],
hosted by GESIS (German Social Science Infrastructure Service), is an international
association established to coordinate the development, collection, and
use of social science research data. UNESCO supports IFDONet [http://www.ifdo.org/index.htm],
also known as Social Science & Data Archives on the Net. IFDONet includes
documentation about data archiving and links to IFDO and CESSDA member
A volunteer association of demographic
scholars and others, the International Microdata Access Group(IMAG)
exists "to preserve original population data, microdata, and their supporting
documentation, and to improve access to these data in accordance with national
confidentiality standards." The Participants and affiliated projects
link contains a list of various projects involving online census data.
The Inter-University Consortium
for Political and Social Research (ICPSR) [http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/index.html],
founded in 1962 and currently based at the University of Michigan as part
of the Institute for Social Research, "maintains and provides access to
a vast archive of social science data for research and instruction and
offers training in quantitative methods to facilitate effective data use.
To ensure that data resources are available to future generations of scholars,
ICPSR preserves data, migrating them to new storage media as changes in
technology warrant." ICPSR's membership includes 400 colleges and universities
around the world.
Statistical and Scientific Database
Management (SSDBM) [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/conf/ssdbm/],
part of the Association for Computing Machinery, Special Interest Group
on Management of Data (ACM SIGMOD) [http://www.acm.org/sigmod/],
contains links to descriptions of the SSDBM conferences from 1981 to the
present. Beginning with 1997, the descriptions link to selected SSDBM conference
Web sites. The SSDBM is part of the larger Anthology digital library
operated by ACM SIGMOD for database systems researchers. Bibliographic
records for Anthology form part of the DBLP Bibliography [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/index.html
and mirrors]. The DBLP also contains a list of DB Research Groups[http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/groups.html].
A non-profit organization chartered
in the U.S., Very Large Data Bases (VLDB) [http://www.vldb.org/]
promotes "scholarly work in databases and related fields throughout the
world." The VLDB Journal [http://www.vldb.org/dblp/db/journals/vldb/index.html]
is published on behalf of the VLDB Endowment by Springer Verlag. The VLDB
Conferences, begun in 1975, distribute leading-edge research into VLDBs.
According to its Web site, "The full text of all VLDB Conference papers
from 1982-1999 is available online from www.vldb.org
and from ACM SIGMOD."
Genealogical research is forever.
Family trees, to borrow physicist Freeman Dyson's memorable phrase, are
infinite in all directions, at least into the future. I've never met a
genealogist who's completed a family tree, because, at some point, written
records of past events are unavailable (accidentally lost or purposefully
destroyed). While statistical data can provide a starting point for genealogical
research by giving the researcher an idea of the volume of data available,
it is the personal information found in nominal census schedules that most
serve a genealogist's purpose. This information helps verify family relations
and whether the individual described in the census is a person of interest.
Family history organizations, social
science researchers, the historical community, and the LDS Church all play
an invaluable role in ensuring the survival and conversion of public census
records to electronic formats. New Web tools and massive online databases
make it easier than ever to begin locating one's ancestors.
|The author's opinions in this
article do not necessarily reflect those of his employer.
"Adam, Eve, Cain, Abel..."
Census records begin with the development
of writing and mathematics in Mesopotamia with the Sumerians, along with
the first civilizations in China and the Indus Valley. There are several
Old Testament references in the Bible to censuses. For example, the first
few verses of Numbers (appropriately named) begin with God commanding Moses,
"Take a census of all the congregation of the people of Israel, by families,
by fathers' houses, according to the number of names, every male, head
by head; from 20 years old and upward, all in Israel who are able to go
forth to war, you and Aaron shall number them, company by company."
Likely the most famous biblical census
mandate, however, came from Rome (Luke 2:1-6):
In those days a decree went out from
Caesar Augustus that all the world should be enrolled. This was the first
enrollment, when Quirin'i-us was governor of Syria. And all went to be
enrolled, each to his own city. And Joseph also went up from Galilee, from
the city of Nazareth, to Judea, to the city of David, which is called Bethlehem,
because he was of the house and lineage of David, to be enrolled with Mary,
his betrothed, who was with child. And while they were there, the time
came for her to be delivered.
The Bible, Revised Standard Edition,
The Electronic Text Center, University of Virginia [http://etext.virginia.edu/rsv.browse.html]
|The Commercial Side of Family History
As you should have gathered by now,
genealogy or family history research and publication is a multimillion-dollar
industry. With new e-commerce initiatives aimed at genealogists, such as
the U.K. 1901 Census Online project, some governments anticipate a new
source of steady revenue from public information in their custody. In some
countries and local jurisdictions, genealogists are crucial to the success
of these projects because volunteer organizations often enter the database
records in exchange for access or a copy of the database.
Many individuals and organizations,
frustrated with government bureaucracies and seeing the data as a public
domain commodity, use the Web to post their transcriptions and family trees.
Because many census transcription projects store the records in some kind
of database-like structure such as a spreadsheet, a word-processing table,
or the GEDCOM file format, savvy genealogists can now create their own
personal databases of census and other kinds of comparable historical records.
Although not a genealogical organization
per se, the LDS Church's Family History Library and Family History Center
operations throughout the world benefit family historians, many of whom
contribute to the Ancestral File database accessible through the LDS Church's
service. The search interface can simultaneously query all the databases
or individual selections. Results are grouped by individual databases.
None of these public databases, however, include census records. The LDS
Church markets CD-ROMs of census transcriptions compiled by volunteers
working under the guidance of the Genealogical Society of Utah (founded
November 1894 by the LDS Church and the predecessor of its Family History
Various language, ethnic, and religious
groups maintain gateway and portal services to genealogical information
on the Internet about their
communities. Among these are ChineseRoots.com
in Chinese and some English. FrancoGene
already mentioned, is for French Canadians and Franco-Americans, including
Acadians and Cajuns. GermanRoots.com [http://www.germanroots.com]
assists those tracing their Germanic origins. JewishGen [http://www.jewishgen.org/]
serves those researching their Jewish ancestry and contains a number of
databases compiled by researchers based on census and similar records.
The best way to locate these is through the JewishGen Databases [http://www.francogene.com/]
page. To find many more examples, use Cyndi's List and RootsWeb (the GenWeb
|Crown Copyright, Census Data, and No
Both Canada and some of the U.K.
national governments zealously guard government data through a section
of Copyright Acts known as Crown copyright. Basically, this means that
unless the information is published or unless copyright is waived by the
government, a government record in any medium (print, audio-visual, still
image, cartographic, electronic) is protected forever or until it is published.
The Scots Origins Web site, for example, contains this foreboding copyright
General Register Office for Scotland
Indexes are Crown copyright and are reproduced with the permission of the
Queen's Printer for Scotland.
1. Permitted use
Visitors to this Web site are granted
permission to access this material, to download and copy such material
on to electronic, magnetic, optical or similar storage media, and to make
printed copies of any such downloaded material, provided that such activities
and copies are for private research or study only.
2. Restricted use
Visitors to this Web site may not
copy, distribute, sell or publish any of the Crown copyright material downloaded
or copied from this Web site. Any other use of the material requires the
formal permission of the Queen's Printer for Scotland. For the avoidance
of doubt, no other permission is given for the transfer of any of this
material to an open Internet site.
In contrast, a section of Her Majesty's
Stationery Office (HMSO) [http://www.hmso.gov.uk/guides.htm]
on copyright states:
Unrestricted copying and reproduction
of certain categories of Crown copyright material was announced in the
White Paper "The Future Management of Crown Copyright" [http://www.hmso.gov.uk/document/copywp.htm].
The categories on which guidance has been issued to date cover unpublished
public records, court forms, legislation, National Curriculum, literacy
and numeracy materials, and Government press notices. Copyright is waived
in this material to encourage its widespread use for reference and onward
dissemination to all with interests in these areas.
The HMSO Guidance Note "Copyright
in Public Records" states this even more clearly: "Unpublished public records
and those open for public inspection are reproducible freely under waiver
of copyright." There are, however, several exclusions which counteract
this fit of government largesse. The PRO England copyright statement [http://www.pro.gov.uk/about/copyright.htm]
is quite a contrast to the Scots Origins one. | <urn:uuid:7dc74a0e-7869-46ef-8c5d-77f9f814b524> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.infotoday.com/searcher/jun02/mattison.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280410.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00449-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.850172 | 12,789 | 2.828125 | 3 |
These findings have implications for the numerous individuals with sleep disturbances including those with Alzheimer’s disease.
“To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of circadian clock genes rhythmic expression in the human forebrain, or the front part of the brain,” says senior author Nicolas Cermakian, a Douglas researcher and Director of the Laboratory of Molecular Chronobiology. “In addition, we showed that these rhythms are disrupted in the brains of Alzheimer’s patients."
Doktor Cermakian and his colleagues looked for the presence of the circadian clock genes, PER1, PER2, and BMAL1 in the brain tissue of 58 donors; 27 were Alzheimer patients and 31 were controls. (Brain tissue was obtained from the Brain Bank of the Douglas.) All these clock genes were detected in three brain areas in both control and Alzheimer patients. In addition, there was a significant diurnal (day/night) expression of these genes in all three structures of control samples. In samples from Alzheimer’s patients, the shape of these rhythms and the synchronization between brain areas were altered.
“The abnormal clock gene coordination that we observed in the tissues of Alzheimer’s patients, might explain the sleep-wake deficits that are observed in this population,” says Douglas Centre for Study and Treatment of Circadian Rhythms Director, Diane B. Boivin. “The altered sleep pattern worsens with disease progression and is the most frequent reason for institutionalization. Improved understanding of the process that underlies sleep-wake disruption may lead to better treatments or therapies. “Our ultimate goal is to improve the physical and mental health of individuals by providing scientifically grounded information.”
This study was funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and the Fonds de la recherche en santé du Québec.
MEDICA.de; Source: Douglas Mental Health University Institute | <urn:uuid:3dd02729-a179-4945-aefe-922150bb22e3> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.medica-tradefair.com/cgi-bin/md_medica/lib/pub/tt.cgi/Clocks_in_the_Human_Brain.html?oid=33352&lang=2&ticket=g_u_e_s_t | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281574.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00025-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.940204 | 392 | 3.5625 | 4 |
The stage manager
The stage manager, who acts as a chorus in explaining and commenting on the action and the characters as the play unfolds.
Emily Webb, a sweet young woman who grows up in Grover’s Corners, a small American town. She works hard in school, tries to be cheerful, and falls in love with the town’s best baseball player. She dies in childbirth while still young and shyly takes her place among her relatives and friends in the little graveyard. She tries to relive her twelfth birthday, only to discover that to relive is no joy and that the dead can only pity the living who know not what joy they have in life.
George Gibbs, a typical young American boy who loves baseball. He gives up going to college to marry Emily, whom he dearly loves. When his wife dies, he is filled with grief and goes to sob at her grave, not realizing that she pities him for not valuing the life he still enjoys.
Dr. Gibbs, the local physician and George’s father. He is shocked to find that his son wants to marry and become a farmer but finally realizes that the youth is really no longer a child, any more than the doctor was when he married. Dr. Gibbs is a hardworking man whose hobby is the American Civil War; his idea of a vacation is an excursion to some battlefield of that conflict.
(The entire section is 415 words.) | <urn:uuid:ae9e1b45-bb75-4f06-9519-b99a079a4fdc> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.enotes.com/topics/our-town/characters | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281353.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00062-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.97524 | 297 | 2.796875 | 3 |
The Detroit Three are poised to create new auto jobs for the first time in years. But an expert at the Center for Automotive Research warns that auto manufacturing jobs will never recover to their former levels.
Ford, GM, and Chrysler closed a lot of plants over the past ten years, so many of the remaining plants are working at full capacity as new car sales improve.
Sean McAlinden is an economist with the Center for Automotive Research .
"Almost the last layoff at GM and Ford have been recalled," says McAlinden, "so any additional production through the summer requires new hiring."
McAlinden says the Detroit Three will likely hire 35,000 people in the next five years.
But that’s only about a third of the people who lost jobs with the companies in the past few years.
McAlinden says auto jobs will plateau after 2015, which is why Michigan still needs to diversify its economy. | <urn:uuid:7805240c-611b-4cae-90dd-912ef19ce697> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://michiganradio.org/term/center-automotive-research | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00237-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.967002 | 197 | 1.953125 | 2 |
In 2006 a very special artist with an amazing story passed away.
The amazing story is that he left this world nearly 30 years before he died.
Roger "Syd" Barrett is one of the most incredible artists of all time, maybe even the most incredible in the music world. It's extremely difficult after all these years to separate the myth from the fact and the fact is MOST of what you've heard or believe about Syd is myth.
Syd Barrett was only in the band that made him famous, his band, for two years. He joined a stodgy blues covers band at the age of 19 and changed everything. He changed their name, to Pink Floyd. He wrote a bunch of original and utterly unique songs that took them to the top of the pop charts, signed to EMI, one of the biggest labels in the world and bought Psych to his heroes, who within months were trying, unsuccessfully to emulate his genius. At the height of his career with this band, after recording just one album of which he wrote eight of the twelve songs and co-wrote three more, he was kicked out of HIS band in one of the most unsympathetic and insensitive ways anyone has ever been kicked out of a band. He was not picked up for a show, and told three months later. This was the utterly unique creative genius behind the band ......... Not picked up for a show.
Myth would have you believe that Syd was stark raving barking foaming at the mouth crazy by this stage and the rest of the band found him not only impossible to work with, but he was no longer creative or interested in creating anymore. This would of course be true except for the fact that Syd wrote some of his best songs during this six months and both video and audio material from this time shows Syd as a man on top of his game. Pink Floyd had played over 130 shows in 1967 and in December, when he was supposedly at his most unreliable and uninterested, they recorded two Peel Sessions, both of which show a front man on fire both vocally and on guitar. Syd was dismissed January 1968.
While its true Syd had lost interest in music as it was known is no understatement. You see, he was not ........ Normal. The myth is that Syd is the archetypal and ultimate "acid casualty" that took too much LSD and flipped out for the rest of his life. In reality Syd was a visual artist who just happened to be a genius with words and music. He came to both of them from a completely different angle from anyone before, or since. Things didn't gel for Syd as a musician or songwriter until lights were introduced into the equation, and then everything came together. Syd was, after all, a visual artist.
To say Syd was one of the most unique guitarists ever is to sell him short.
His playing is absolutely incredible. He follows absolutely no preexisting rules for rhythm, progressions or style. No-one else before, or since plays guitar like Syd Barrett, or indeed could.
Syd wrote two more solo albums after "leaving" his band mostly at the insistence of friends and fans, like the man who had replaced him in the band. His old friend David Gilmour. It's the only redeeming feature any of his old band mates ever did in regards to Syds post Floyd life, and Gilmour did in fact spend the rest of his life "looking out" for Syd while actually never making contact with him again. None of his other old band mates, who had been friends since school ever spoke to Syd again.
While his first solo album is absolutely solid and amazing, his second was patchy and less inspired, although still had moments of absolute unmatched genius. Gilmour is mostly responsible for getting an ever increasingly uninspired Syd into the studio to get these songs on tape. Gilmour managed against all odds to patch together a reasonably coherent album by patching takes together and adding a "band", mostly played by himself, to fill out the not quite baked ideas.
At the age of 24, Syd walked away from music, forever. This, is one of the most amazing parts of an amazing man. Having become totally and utterly apathetic and disenfranchised with the "music industry" as, rightly so, a selfish and shallow business that promotes and supports mediocrity and money over genuine artistic prowess and ability. The truly amazing part of this is that Syd literally just walked away from it, completely, entirely ....... For the rest of his life. He NEVER spoke of, defended or involved himself in his past career again.
Sure, Syd wasn't completely sane. His short few years of drug abuse had sparked a chemical reaction that was always present and changed his brain forever. He also drank and smoked heavily for the rest of his life, but, he always believed art was for the here and now. As a painter and drawer he would create and then just give away or destroy his artwork. It was the process and the experience (for both artist and participant) that was important to him, not the praise or lasting fame that came with it. He had quickly grown tired of playing the same song, the same way night after night after night. This, was his lack of enthusiasm for the machine that was the music industry.
To me, this is an amazing thing to behold and believe. While the rest of his contemporaries were beginning to rehash and recycle old rock n roll, Syd was truly trying to push music into a genuine art form where change and progress are not only "normal", but expected. Fine artists don't paint the same painting they did 50 years ago, not good ones anyway. Film makers don't make the same films they made 50 years ago, why would musicians keep writing and playing the same song ? While bands like the Rolling Stones and the Beatles were starting to conservatively play old rock n roll by '68 , Syd was already disheartened by it all. By the time the decade closed the Stones had become an embarrassing group of coked up middle class white boys playing sloppy caricatures of old standards. At least the Beatles had the decency to bow out, even if it was three years too late.
The difference is the Rolling Stones (and many others) still, fifty years later still play these trite versions of sloppy blues and call it art, or even music. Syd never spoiled his legacy. He never went out there and became a sad old version of himself playing old songs from his golden period. He wrote three albums of absolute unique, unequaled genius and then walked away, maybe satisfied, maybe complete but absolutely with his integrity as a true artist intact.
The rest of Syds life wasn't all fun and games. He went back home (literally) and lived a fairly "normal" life for someone with mental issues, drug induced psychosis and alcoholism. He never understood why people came to his house asking for autographs or photos. He'd left that life in the early seventies and was no longer part of it. The myth that he was a barking mad recluse is also just a myth. Syd, or Roger as he was again now rode his bike or went for walks most days. He would go to the shops for paint supplies and garden in his yard regularly. He continued to paint at a rate until days before he died. That, after all was his first love anyway. Experts have said that had he kept up his studies at art college, which he dropped out of to form Pink Floyd, he had the talent to be known as one of the great British artists.
As far as I'm concerned, he is one of the greatest British artists. His entire musical career, while only lasting 4 years and ending before his 24th birthday has influenced more music than any of us are aware of, and ever will be. | <urn:uuid:9dc7511e-012b-4156-9ab3-a5466bda96f4> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://tymguitars.com.au/blogs/blog/8415729-roger-syd-barrett-6-jan-1946-7-july-2006 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280587.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00558-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.992551 | 1,601 | 1.570313 | 2 |
You will soon have your unique identification number. The Delhi government has decided to launch the scheme to give Delhiites unique identification (UID) number on January 26.
Senior Delhi government officials said they intend to the complete the process in a year’s time.
“We are in process of finalising the enrolment agencies. The chief minister is likely to launch the scheme on Republic Day,” Delhi chief secretary Rakesh Mehta said.
According to senior officials, Delhi government had started giving out UIDs to the city’s 40 lakh homeless in October 2010. Officials said the government will now start enrolling the rest of Delhi.
“There will be one enrolment agency in each of the nine districts of Delhi... we are finalising everything,” Mehta said.
Officials said Delhi government’s Mission Convergence is the nodal agency for enrolling the homeless for the UID. Officials said about 1,200 homeless in Delhi have already been issued UID.
UID, also known as ‘Aadhaar’, is a 12-digit unique number, which the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) will issue to all citizens of India.
Officials, however, said contrary to general perception, UID will not be a card.
“We will generate the number and send a communication to individuals. We expect residents to either memorise, write or store the number,” UIDAI deputy director general Ashok Pal Singh said.
According to Singh, the enrolment agency will collect the demographics (name, age, residence and other such details) and biometrics (photograph, 10 fingerprints and iris) of each individual.
“The biometric information of each individual will be matched with the details of the individuals already issued the unique number. If the details do not match, the unique number would be generated,” Singh said.
Singh said there will be several banks, post-offices and offices of oil marketing companies where residents would be able to submit their demographic and biometric details.
“The individuals will get their unique number within 20-30 days of registering their details,” Singh said. He added that the UIDAI is close to issuing one million UIDs. | <urn:uuid:fdf8432d-1ac9-4072-8876-d95df159d91a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi/uid-s-delhi-launch-on-r-day/story-oz5Icnwih4RsYPYALHeNFL.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280266.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00497-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.939971 | 468 | 1.570313 | 2 |
track and field athletics
Record-setting Achievements and Illegal Drugs
Continuous, and often astonishing, improvement has characterized the sport in the 20th cent. Performances once considered unattainable, such as the 4-minute mile (first achieved in 1954 by Roger Bannister, the 8-ft (2.44-m) high jump (achieved by Javier Sotomayor in 1993), and the 20-ft (6.1-m) pole vault (achieved in 1994 by Sergey Bubka) are especially well known. Since the 1970s, many have questioned whether some record-setting achievements have been produced with the aid of performance-enhancing drugs or other unsanctioned techniques. Testing of athletes has therefore become standard, and results have occasionally been nullified, as when Canada's Ben Johnson lost his world record and 1988 Olympic gold medal for the 100-m race after tests detected anabolic steroids in his system.
Sections in this article:
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
See more Encyclopedia articles on: Sports | <urn:uuid:8dafb05b-cde6-402b-aeff-bfaaaea75db1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/sports/track-field-athletics-record-setting-achievements-illegal-drugs.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00063-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942165 | 230 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Derry Area Plan 2011
Villages and Small Settlements: Eglinton
Eglinton lies at the southern end of the flat land of the Foyle estuary some 11 kilometres east of Londonderry and some 1 kilometre off the A2 Londonderry to Limavady Road. The inherent attractiveness of Eglinton, its proximity to the large industrial areas at Campsey and Maydown together with the good road links to the City have combined to produce rapid growth of the village and it increasingly functions as a dormitory settlement for the City.
The Department proposes to limit the further expansion of Eglinton in order to protect its character. Accordingly, the development limit does not encompass significant change but will provide for some opportunities for growth within Eglinton over the Plan period.
The Department designates 4 areas of open space/recreation use within the village. These are located at the paddock, the Cricket Club, the playing field to the east of Cottage Row and land associated with the primary school at Woodvale Road. Proposals for development in these areas will be judged against Policy R1.
The Department designates an Area of Townscape Character centred on Main Street. Proposals for development in this area will be judged against Policy BE 12.
The Department defines 2 Areas of Local Nature Conservation and Amenity Importance within or adjacent to the village. Proposals for development in these areas will be judged against Policy ENV 4. These areas are designated to protect the following features considered to be of greatest local amenity value:
- the Castle River adjacent to the south eastern development limit of the village;
- the landscape around Foyle Park House.
The Department will require that development proposals along the development limits and at the interface with landscape features should provide for substantial and appropriate tree planting in order to protect the character of the rural area and setting of Eglinton village. These areas include:
- the southern development limit on the western side of Woodvale Road. Proposals for development should include substantial and appropriate tree planting;
- the northern development limit on the western side of Ballygudden Road. An appropriate tree planting scheme should be incorporated with development proposals;
- the northern development limit along Carnmoney Road west of the existing Wheatfield housing development. This boundary shall be defined by a 3 metre wide deciduous planted strip which shall be continued along the western boundary. In addition, a 3 metre strip of trees shall be planted along the northern side of Carnmoney Road. | <urn:uuid:6599309e-791e-47f5-8c79-bb5e69853a9e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.planningni.gov.uk/index/policy/dev_plans/devplans_az/derry_2011/derry_villages_ssetts/derry_villages/derry_eglinton.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00363-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.938392 | 517 | 1.8125 | 2 |
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