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We have just completed our fourth week of lockdown, and we have at least three more weeks of this to come.
Compared to what our lives used to be like, we are absolutely swimming in time. Our manic schedules have been put on pause, indefinitely, and we finally have the space to take a breath.
Why then, are so many of us still feeling like we are just a touch too busy? Like we ‘don’t have time’ to get everything done?
All we have is time… so is this phenomenon of still feeling ‘too busy’ a consequence of poor time management? Or is it all in our heads?
Part of it comes down to our expectations. Within days of lockdown coming into force, the concept of staying at home began to be romanticised online and on social media. Suddenly, everyone was baking banana bread, colouring, meditating, going for runs, and posting about it in a frenzy of isolation oneupmanship.
Everybody online seemed to be talking about how they were going to fill the endless, empty hours that lay before them in lockdown, and coming up with gratingly wholesome ways to pass the time.
But if our instant priority is to fill every hour, it’s no wonder that we quickly feel as though we don’t actually have that much time left over. And the pressure to live-up to the perfect lockdown life that we’re seeing online might leave us feeling as though we should always be doing more.
Another possible cause behind this unjustified feeling of busyness, is that it’s just what we’re used to. We’re so used to being run ragged and ticking things off our to-do lists every second of the day, that slowing down our lives so abruptly just isn’t computing in our brains.
Emily, 29, is a publishing assistant, and has been working from home for the last five weeks. She says she can’t understand where her time goes, and she feels almost as busy as before lockdown.
‘I finish work at 5 pm on the dot – and obviously I’m already at home,’ she tells Metro.co.uk.
‘I feel like, wow – such a long, luxurious evening ahead of me, I can get so much done. But I feel like I have dinner, I blink, and then it’s 10 pm. I genuinely don’t understand it. It’s like time has sped up or something.
‘I keep saying that I’m going to do some baking, and I want to properly clean out my wardrobe, or get back to painting – but it just never happens. I go to bed disappointed that I haven’t achieved what I wanted to, which makes no sense when I, in theory, have all the time in the world.’
How to be more efficient with your time during lockdown
Always write a plan for the day. Give your head space to think about what really needs to get done, and be ruthless.
Try to impose time limits on things to keep your brain on track, don’t make the plan too long – this can lead to overwhelm, feeding the brain things little and often is the best way. If you find you have done everything you wanted to achieve by lunch then just go ahead and write another little plan for the rest of your day.
Be conscious of what you are actually doing… ask yourself if this really fits in with your plan for the day and does it need to be done, if it doesn’t, stop.
Include some rituals in your day. A ritual, in this context, is just something that puts an end to something so you can move cleanly onto the next task.
Don’t just flit from task to task, part of your attention is likely to be left with the last task if you don’t take a minute to sign it off. It can be as simple as making a brew or going and sitting outside for 10 minutes.
Nadia O’Boye, Life coach
Part of this depends on your lockdown circumstances. If you have kids, for example, you’ll probably feel much busier than before because now you’re looking after them all day every day. And if you’re furloughed or unemployed, that will feel different to if you’re working from home.
But for those who have turned their living rooms into makeshift offices, it might again be a case of adjusting expectations. Despite being at home, work will still take up the majority of your day. On top of that, there is more housework to do when you’re in your house all the time (why are we hoovering every day now?). Cooking three meals almost every day is time consuming too, and food shops take longer than they used to at the moment.
Maybe there just genuinely isn’t as much time for baking and yoga as you were led to believe.
Psychologist Charlotte Armitage says the uncertainty and stress of living through a global pandemic may also be contributing to feeling as though you have no time.
‘Feeling busy when we are not, is a state of mind which provides us with a distraction from our own fears and anxieties,’ Charlotte tells Metro.co.uk. ‘If you are feeling constantly busy, it may be that your mind is busy with thoughts but the reality is that you aren’t busy on a practical level.’
She suggests that we consider why we feel the need to be busy.
‘Right now, it could be, understandably because of the current situation. Some may be more aware of their anxiety than others. Some may use distraction techniques to avoid feeling anxious and the feeling of being busy could be a distraction technique to prevent confronting those uncomfortable hidden feelings.’
She says in this current situation, as long as your distraction techniques aren’t unhealthy, it’s OK to find different techniques to manage your anxiety because it is a natural response to the unstable environment around us.
‘Try to spend some time focusing on relaxation,’ she adds. ‘You can try deep breathing for three minutes, or grounding techniques which help you to focus on being in the present moment.
‘You could also try writing a schedule of tasks that you need to complete, this helps to organise your thoughts and can help to de-clutter your mind, reducing that feeling of being busy.’
Time is definitely acting strangely during this lockdown period, so if you feel your days racing away from you, or entire weeks feel like they’re merging into a single day, don’t worry, you’re not alone. Most of the frameworks that we use to structure our lives, to differentiate the days, to mark the passing of time, have been stripped away – so it’s normal to feel a little adrift at the moment.
‘Even if we try to map out a structure or routine for our day, what happens if we break it? Probably nothing. During this strange time, there are likely no consequences for not sticking to the routine,’ explains life coach Nadia O’Boye.
‘Ordinarily, if you’re late for work several times you might get fired. Now, no one will probably know if you’re late if you work from home. Without the consequences, we are naturally finding it more difficult to stick to the structures and routines we once did.
‘Without structure or routine, your brain fires off in all sorts of directions making you feel “busy” doing things that in reality you don’t really need to do.’
Nadia says that the key is self-discipline and trying to replicate the consequences of breaking the structure, and rewarding yourself for sticking to that structure.
‘If you don’t do the thing you need to do, you can’t watch that TV show you wanted to catch up on. If you get the thing done and you get rewarded, your brain fires off dopamine and makes you feel good, meaning it will want to help you get that feeling again.’
Nadia adds that it is important to think about your priorities. All those things you feel like you ‘don’t have time for’, are they really important to you? If so, why?
‘Connecting with the real reason behind why you want to do something can make you more motivated to put time aside to get it done,’ she says.
It can also make you realise that maybe making sourdough so you can put a picture on Instagram isn’t quite as important as you thought it was.
The key is to take the pressure off. Outside of work, cooking and essential chores, if you don’t get anything else done, that’s really OK. Sometimes, simply getting through the day with your mental health in tact is enough of an achievement. | <urn:uuid:13ef45f2-4dd4-4276-ae63-d3ef84aaf12e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://metro.co.uk/2020/04/17/still-feel-like-no-time-even-though-literally-nothing-12567168/?ico=more_text_links | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00270.warc.gz | en | 0.961221 | 1,894 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Virtually the entire tradition strategies mentioned above rely, in some unspecified time in the future, on microscopic examination for definitive identification of the infectious agent. Microscopy could also be carried out with simple instruments, such because the compound light microscope, or with devices as complicated as an electron microscope. Samples obtained from sufferers may be viewed instantly underneath the sunshine microscope, and can typically quickly lead to identification. Microscopy is commonly additionally used at the side of biochemical staining strategies, and may be made exquisitely specific when utilized in mixture with antibody primarily based strategies.
For example, the usage of antibodies made artificially fluorescent (fluorescently labeled antibodies) can be directed to bind to and determine a selected antigens current on a pathogen. A fluorescence microscope is then used to detect fluorescently labeled antibodies sure to internalized antigens inside clinical samples or cultured cells. This approach is particularly useful in the diagnosis of viral ailments, where the light microscope is incapable of figuring out a virus immediately. The diagnosis is aided by the presenting symptoms in any individual with an infectious disease, but it normally needs additional diagnostic methods to confirm the suspicion.
Some indicators are specifically characteristic and indicative of a illness and are known as pathognomonic indicators; however these are rare. Common fecal-oral transmitted pathogens include Vibrio cholerae, Giardia species, rotaviruses, Entameba histolytica, Escherichia coli, and tape worms. Persistent infections happen because the body is unable to clear the organism after the initial infection. Persistent infections are characterised by the continual presence of the infectious organism, often as latent an infection with occasional recurrent relapses of lively infection.
If the an infection has unfold or you’ve a generalized infection, you could develop different indicators and symptoms, corresponding to fever, fatigue, ache, and so on. Your body’s temperature should keep fairly fixed, round 98.6 levels Fahrenheit (37 levels Celsius), moving up or down a bit depending in your exercise, the surroundings, and time of day. A temperature of 100 degrees Fahrenheit (37.7 degrees Celsius) is considered to be hyperthermia, a fever. When you have an infection, your physique’s temperature often rises because it tries to fight off the bug inflicting the an infection.
There are some viruses that can keep a persistent an infection by infecting different cells of the physique. A typical example is the herpes virus, which tends to cover in nerves and turn into reactivated when specific circumstances come up. An infectious disease, also called a transmissible disease or communicable illness, is an sickness ensuing from an infection.
Interestingly, some individuals see their physique temperature go down (hypothermia) as an alternative of up. If you have an infection of the bone, referred to as osteomyelitis, it may lead to sepsis. In people who find themselves hospitalized, the micro organism that set off sepsis can enter the body through IV lines, surgical incisions, urinary catheters, and bed sores.
Thus, avoiding utilizing antibiotics longer than necessary helps preventing micro organism from forming mutations that aide in antibiotic resistance. Biochemical exams used within the identification of infectious agents embody the detection of metabolic or enzymatic merchandise attribute of a particular infectious agent. Since bacteria ferment carbohydrates in patterns characteristic of their genus and species, the detection of fermentation products is usually used in bacterial identification. Acids, alcohols and gases are normally detected in these checks when micro organism are grown in selective liquid or solid media. Another principal device within the prognosis of infectious illness is microscopy.
Some individuals, particularly the elderly, could not present typical signs of infection. Instead, they may present a sudden change in mental standing, changing into confused, or a worsening of dementia and confusion. | <urn:uuid:de67c91f-b5f0-4b2b-b5bc-b3a9b0fbceab> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://iranvajahan.net/2018/03/24/how-to-tell-if-you-have-a-skin-infection-9-telltale-symptoms/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00668.warc.gz | en | 0.919396 | 785 | 3.234375 | 3 |
Domestic sewage, produced in urban residences, institutions, and businesses, is usually collected by pipes and conduits called sanitary sewers, which lead to a central discharge point. In rural residences domestic sewage is often collected in a septic tank on the property. Industrial wastes, which consist of liquids produced in manufacturing processes, are sometimes collected in sanitary sewers, but the nature of many industrial wastes may make it dangerous or difficult to do so. Often industries dispose of their own wastes. Storm sewage, which comes from rain and groundwater, is collected either in a storm sewer or, with domestic sewage and industrial wastes, in what is called a combined sewer.
Sewer pipe must be strong enough to withstand the structural stresses to which it is subjected by being buried in the ground. In addition, the pipe itself and the joints between sections of pipe must be capable of withstanding at least moderate water pressure without significant leakage of sewage into the environment. Materials used for sewer pipe include plastics, vitrified clay, cast iron and steel, corrugated iron, concrete, and asbestos cement. Although usually circular, pipes are also made egg-shaped or semi-elliptical so that suspended solids do not accumulate even at a relatively low rate of flow, about 2 ft (.6 m) per second. Sewer pipes are usually inclined downward toward the central collection point so that sewage will flow to it naturally, although pumping stations may be required.
Sewage is eventually discharged into underground or surface watercourses that naturally drain an area. In past centuries, the dilution produced by discharging sewage into large bodies of water was considered sufficient to render harmless any toxic substances contained in it. However, the volume of sewage is now so great that dilution is no longer considered an adequate safeguard.
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. | <urn:uuid:be55fd94-aa94-45bc-afaa-9463988f8357> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.factmonster.com/encyclopedia/science/sewerage-types-sewage-disposal-systems.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279169.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00216-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.950569 | 385 | 3.9375 | 4 |
Have HVAC Questions? Ask an HVAC Expert for Answers
Hello, My name is XXXXX XXXXX I will do my best to help you today.
Your system is either freezing up due to low refrigerant charge or poor airflow (dirty filter, dirty coil, malfunctioning blower motor). If this was the case then your home would not be cooling. If your home still seems to be cooling you just have water in the pan then.....
Your drain line is plugged up causing the condensation to exit the coil drain pan and flow into this safety drain pan.
Or the coil drain pan has a crack in it
yes - not alot but the house is for sale and there have been concerns expressed
If the system was freezing up the house would get hot it would not hold a temperature not even 78 degrees on a 85 degree day.
Chances are the drain line is plugged. There is a 3/4" pvc line that comes off the coil drain pan and exits the home. If this drain is restricted or has poor gravity fall then the water will back up and overflow this coil drain pan causing the water to go into the safety overflow pan.
If the drain was plugged wouldnt there be alot of water in the pan 90 degrees and high humidity?
Does the safety pan have a drain on it that drips out over a window somewhere on the outside of the house?
It could be that the main drain is just partially restricted and it can't keep up so only some of the water goes into the safety pan.
I dont thik so I would have to recheck
If the safety pan doesn't have a drain off of it then it has to have a float switch installed on the pan which cuts the unit off if the safety pan fills with enough water to engage the float.
If not then if enough water gets into the pan it will flood the ceiling of the house. below. | <urn:uuid:51f587c1-500c-49a4-a6ae-c837d48572b5> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.justanswer.com/hvac/3yz2n-does-mean-when-water-pan.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721174.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00281-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960098 | 394 | 1.515625 | 2 |
The alliance of Chrysler and Fiat will bring a huge dose of Fiat's fuel-saving technology into the gas-guzzling lineup of Chrysler in order to hit CEO Sergio Marchionne’s target set in 2009 of boosting fuel economy by 25 percent from 2010 to 2014. With Fiat’s aid, Chrysler is shifting from the six- and eight-cylinder engines to more four-cylinder powerplants.
Chrysler previously said in its 2009 product plan that by year 2014, 38 percent of its engines would have four cylinders, an increase from 19 percent in 2010.
The strategy of Chrysler is to use a suite of systems in order to improve fuel economy and performance. Among these systems include MultiAir from Fiat that varies valve timing for each cylinder independently, eight- and nine-speed transmissions as well as a dual-clutch transmission.
MultiAir is designed to boost torque and power 10 percent while reducing emissions and fuel consumption up to 10 percent by regulating intake valves for each cylinder independently. The only vehicle built by Chrysler that has MultiAir is the 2012 Fiat 500.
However, more models will have it beginning 2012 with a Dodge compact sedan that would replace the Caliber. In 2013, MultiAir will be included on the Pentastar V-6 engine. As for the eight- and nine-speed automatic transmissions, Chrysler is licensing technology from Germany-based supplier ZF Friedrichshafen AG to build two advanced transmissions.
The eight-speed, also known as the 8HP, is for longitudinally mounted engines in rear-wheel-drive cars. Marchionne told reporters last July 27 that a Chrysler 300 with the transmission will obtain 31 mpg highway.
The 8HP will be manufactured in North America, specifically in Chrysler's Kokomo transmission plant in Indiana in 2012, and a new ZF plant in Greenville, South Carolina in 2013. | <urn:uuid:ca4ad87a-e56b-452d-a6fb-f85a6ddc4df1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.4wheelsnews.com/auto/chrysler-to-boost-fuel-economy-using-fiat-technology-15245.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281226.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00381-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949822 | 385 | 1.835938 | 2 |
Entrepreneurs and managers of startup companies and small business often under-value the "root" value of their enterprises. Similar to how a car, if it simply runs no matter how poor its condition, has a baseline value, so does a business.
At Growthink, we like to call this a business' "flywheel" value. By this we refer to the value of a business that comes simply from the core aspects of its existence - the assembly of a team of people committed to a common cause, an ability to process business from customers/clients (incorporation, a business bank account, etc.), a brand/history in the marketplace, and the learning/information/intelligence advantages that accrue to the business' principals via the expertise gained from repetitively grappling with and meeting client product and service expectations.
This "flywheel" value is borne out by statistics that, contrary to public perception, show that most businesses - once started - do NOT go out of business at the very high rates usually surmised. A survey conducted by the National Federation of Independent Business' Education Foundation bears this out. While the "common wisdom" is that 9 out of 10 small businesses fail within the first 3 years, the NFIB estimates that over the lifetime of a business, 39% are profitable, 30% break even (providing a living for the principals), and 30% lose money, with 1% falling in the "unable to determine" category.
In other landmark study in this regard in the Journal of Small Business Management, a study was conducted of 5,196 startups in 51 managed shopping centers across Australia over a 30 year period. The statistics showed that over 1/3 of all businesses survive 10 or more years, with less than 6% of theses businesses filing for bankruptcy within a decade.
What does this mean? While for sure growing a successful business requires large doses of talent, perseverance, opportunity, and yes luck, it is by no means an insurmountable challenge. And while weighing the risks and costs of originating and growing a business keep in mind the very large opportunity costs of NOT doing it. And don't be overly swayed by the naysayers who rely on faulty failure statistics for their pessimism. | <urn:uuid:86a587fa-91c2-4a0e-8eff-f585f09d54cd> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.growthink.com/print/content/flywheel-value-business | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279368.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00322-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955112 | 456 | 1.875 | 2 |
Legendre Polynomials(redirected from Angular degree)
Also found in: Wikipedia.
Legendre polynomials[lə′zhän·drə ‚päl·i′nō·mē·əlz]
a system of polynomials of successively increasing degree. The polynomials were first investigated by A. Legendre and P. Laplace independently of each other between 1782 and 1785. For n = 0, 1, 2, …, the Legendre polynomials Pn(x) can be defined by the formula
The first few polynomials are
p0 (x) = 1
p1 (x) = x
p2 (x) = 1/2(3x2 - 1)
p3 (x) = 1/2(5x2 - 3x)
p4 (x) = 1/8(35x4 - 30x2 + 3)
p5 (x) = 1/8(63x5 - 70x3 + 15x)
All the zeros of P n (x) are real, lie in the interval [–1, + 1], and alternate with the zeros of Pn + 1 (x). The Legendre polynomials are a complete set of orthogonal polynomials on the interval [–1, + 1]. Thus, it is possible to expand an arbitrary function /(jc) integrable over the interval [– 1, +1] in a series of Legendre polynomials:
The type of convergence of this series is roughly the same as that of a Fourier series. The Legendre polynomials are given explicitly by the formula
The generating function is
that is, the Legendre polynomials are the coefficients in the expansion of this function in powers of t. They are recursively defined by
nPn (x) + (n - 1)Pn-2 (x) - (2n - 1)xPn-1 (x) = 0
Pn (x)satisfies the differential equation
which arises when separating the variables in Laplace’s equation in spherical coordinates.
REFERENCESJanke, E., F. Emde, and F. Lösch. Spetsial’nye funktsii; grafiki, tablitsy, 2nd ed. Moscow, 1968. (Translated from German.)
Lebedev, N. N. Spetsial’nye funktsii i ikh prilozheniia, 2nd ed. MoscowLeningrad, 1963.
V. I. BITIUTSKOV | <urn:uuid:0be1f3b6-dc0e-4975-89d6-4b30b275c1a8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Angular+degree | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00157-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.756663 | 582 | 2.421875 | 2 |
Valley Bounty: Blueberries
Robert Sobieski is a man who loves blueberries. “I never get sick of them,” he told me during a recent conversation. “Every time I’m out there I take a few handfuls. It’s just too hard to resist.” As the owner of River Valley Farm in Whately, it’s easy for Sobieski to indulge his passion for blueberries, or ‘blues’ as he affectionately calls them. Sobieski grows over 10 acres of blueberry bushes and is excited for pick-your-own blueberry season to begin any day now. “If you’ve never tried the local blues versus the ones you’d buy in the store, there’s just no comparison … It’s a burst of flavors when you bite down on it.”
Sobieski explained that his fruit set looks good this year, largely thanks to an active bumblebee season. Each May, Sobieski’s blueberry bushes bloom for only a few weeks. “At bloom time, you have this short window of opportunity to get the blueberries pollinated,” Sobieski explained. “If you’re only relying on honeybees, you’ll have a problem. They only want to work when it’s warm and sunny.” Bumblebees, on the other hand, will still emerge to work in cool and wet conditions. “One bumblebee can do the work of ten honeybees because they move so quickly and are so efficient. They’re native so they’re basically evolved to pollinate blueberry flowers.”
Sobieski’s preparations for harvest season began, of course, well before May. Blueberry bushes are perennial crops so instead of harrowing in his fields at the end of each year, Sobieski prunes his bushes to revitalize them. “You’re taking out the old growth, which is the least productive,” he told me, “and stimulating new growth which will turn into newer, healthier canes. Pruning River Valley Farm’s ten thousand bushes is a massive task that often lasts from November through April. However, maintaining the bushes is essential to the long-term sustainability of the crop. “You’re creating a cycle that will result in a healthier bush.”
That perennial cycle has been going on for decades; Sobieski manages the same blueberry bushes today that his father Francis planted the year after he founded River Valley Farm in 1977. “I’ve been pruning the bushes for 17 years,” Sobieski reflected. “It’s funny, after doing it for so long, I kind of know each bush a little bit.” He clarified with a laugh, “They don’t have names or anything like that, that’d be over ten thousand.” With plants as old as some family members, it’s not surprising that Sobieski has developed a close relationship with his blueberry bushes. Fortunately for the rest of us, pick-your-own season will give us all an opportunity to begin to get to know the Sobieski blueberry patch for ourselves.
Noah Baustin is the Communications Coordinator at CISA (Community Involved in Sustaining Agriculture) | <urn:uuid:2e75eedc-dfc4-42ce-b876-dfa5b1d107aa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.buylocalfood.org/valley-bounty-blueberries-3/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00466.warc.gz | en | 0.958585 | 718 | 2.0625 | 2 |
LONDON, July 30 (UPI) -- British lawmakers are too aggressive in their efforts to duplicate the shale natural gas boom in the United States, an advocacy group said.
New drilling technologies have given energy companies access to natural gas reserves in shale formations previously out of reach. The North Dakota state government, for example, said its natural gas production levels continue to set records.
The British government said in mid-July it would offer a tax break on profits from shale production. Energy companies IGas and Cuadrilla are frontier players in the emerging industry, though there has been no commercial shale natural gas yet produced in Britain.
Oil Change International, an advocacy group critical of a carbon-intensive economy, said it's too soon to herald the dawn of a British shale natural gas industry.
"Britain's politicians love to talk about evidence-based policy, but then are ignoring the latest evidence showing water pollution from fracking," the group said in a statement Tuesday. "They are also ignoring the other fundamental flaw about fracking: this is not a precise technology, it is not a precise science."
The controversial practice known as fracking was halted briefly when Cuadrilla reported minor tremors near drilling sites last year. The government enacted a series of safety benchmarks to permit the practice. | <urn:uuid:2c350afc-bec9-4d24-ad7d-79bf9321757d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.upi.com/Business_News/Energy-Industry/2013/07/30/Too-soon-for-British-shale-boom-group-says/UPI-98071375191113/?spt=hs&or=er | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280065.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00539-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960946 | 258 | 2.15625 | 2 |
Christian Identity, Jews, and Israel in 17th-Century England is a cultural history of seventeenth-century England. It assesses the complexity and fluidity of Christian identity from the reign of Elizabeth I and the early Stuart kings through the English Revolution, and into the Restoration, when the English Church and monarchy were restored. Throughout this tumultuous period, which included debate about readmission of the Jews, England was preoccupied with Jews and Israel. As the Reformation sharpened national identity and prompted reconsideration of the relation of Christianity to Judaism, English people showed intense interest in Jewish history and Judaism and appropriated biblical Israel's history, looking to the narratives in the Hebrew Bible, even as reformed Christianity was thought to be purged of Jewish elements. There was an unstable, shifting mix of identification and opposition, affinity and distance, in English attitudes towards Jews - a mix that held positive possibilities for Jewish/Christian relations as well as negative. Grounded in archival research, this book analyzes writings ranging from those of Foxe and Hooker to Milton and Dryden, from sermons to lyrics, from church polemic to proposals for legal and economic reform. Literary texts discussed include Herrick's Hesperides, Vaughan's Silex Scintillans, Bunyan's Grace Abounding, Milton's major prose and poems, and Dryden's Annus Mirabilis and Absalom and Achitophel. Attention is also paid to publications associated with James I, Charles I, and Cromwell, and writings by and about such figures as William Prynne, Gerrard Winstanley, Margaret Fell, George Fox, Menasseh Ben Israel, and self-proclaimed prophets such as John Rogers, Abiezzer Coppe, and Anna Trapnel. | <urn:uuid:7358783d-f54d-4e34-a339-65d58240dae2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ecampus.com/christian-identity-jews-israel-17thcentury/bk/9780199681709 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280483.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00299-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957864 | 357 | 3.015625 | 3 |
Life seems to be a complex puzzle of emotions, feelings and happenings we seemingly don’t know how to relate to or direct. Many of us choose to cling to some kind of religion, spirituality or something the consumerist society provides for us. We endlessly search for that which we would like to call “My true self”.
We say STOP!
Desteni I Process is an online course where you'll learn essential life skills and practice simple common-sense tools such as self-forgiveness, writing and self-corrective application. Based on years of research & practice, developed with attention to detail, proven by hundreds of people and delivered to you comfortably through the web.
Acquire the necessary tools to identify the recurring problems that are causing friction within your life and do so in specificity and detail.
Master tools and approaches with which you can take apart and deconstruct thoughts, feelings and emotions and remove the control and influence they have over you.
Develop the ability to pull all the threads together and construct the whole picture of what it is you're going to take on and eventually transcend.
Once the old patterns that do not serve you are gone you can design the new you. Gain understanding into how to consider your reality as a whole and how to position yourself for the ultimate outcome that is best for all.
When you're signing up you can specifically pick or automatically be assigned someone that has already walked the Desteni I Process for a while. This person will support you with the curriculum and will help you with the DIP assignments you'll be completing as a part of each lesson. View Buddies | <urn:uuid:410f678f-32c9-4c83-a3d1-ca6bfc0ecad9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://desteniiprocess.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280587.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00567-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956464 | 331 | 1.796875 | 2 |
You have used Outlook Express and Windows Mail previously and you’re surprised that your new Windows 7 operating system does not have an e-mail client. Inside is a step-by-step guide to setting up your native Windows e-mail client.
Where is Windows Mail?
Consumers have long criticized Microsoft for making Windows overly bloated with a lot of programs that they do not want installed by default on their systems. Microsoft has taken these complaints into consideration and slimmed down the operating system with Windows 7. Applications Microsoft removed from the operating system’s default installation, such as Windows Mail, MSN Messenger, Movie Maker, are available for free download. With these applications, Microsoft also made some value-added applications available for download such as Photo Gallery, Writer, Family Safety and Live Toolbar. All these applications were called “Windows Live Essentials" and they have the word “Live" in their names, such as Windows Live Mail, Windows Live Photo Gallery etc.
As you have just noted, Windows Mail was renamed to Windows Live Mail and is available for free download from Windows Live Essentials’ homepage. Your Windows Mail for Windows 7 is now named Windows Live Mail.
How do You Get Windows Mail to Work On Windows 7?
Windows Mail setup (or Windows Live Mail setup if you will) is easy, given that you can follow the wizard and download files from the Internet. The first thing that we have to do is to go to the Windows Live Essentials’ homepage and click the Download button on the right of the screen. Follow the instructions to download the Windows Live Installer Package. Upon completing the download, the wizard will initialize and ask you which Live products you want to install. In our case, we will go with the Windows Live Mail setup. Tick the box next to Windows Live Mail and continue. You can select the additional Live products that you want to install in this screen. Once you click the Install button, the wizard will download the necessary files from the Internet and install on your computer. Upon completion, you will see Windows Live Mail in All Programs in your Start Menu.
You can read a comprehensive tutorial on Windows Live Mail setup and configuration in How to Install Windows Live Mail.
What’s New in Windows Live Mail?
When you install and get Windows Live Mail working for the first time, you will immediately see some new features, such as the integration of Calendar, Feeds and Newsgroups to the application. You can link your Windows Live Mail with your Windows Live ID (your hotmail.com, windowslive.com or live.com e-mail addresses are your Windows Live IDs) and work with your e-mail and online calendars from your Windows Live Mail. The reading pane is also customizable. You can get an Outlook-like e-mail view with putting the folders on the left pane (default), e-mails in the middle pane and reading pane in the right. If you have more than one Windows Live IDs, you can easily add them to your Windows Live Mail and consolidate them in one window. You are not limited to Windows Live, though. You can also add your Gmail and Yahoo e-mail accounts (Yahoo account requires Plus subscription) to Windows Live Mail. With Calendar, you can share your calendars with your family, friends, colleagues or the whole world. You can set reminders for your events to be sent to you with e-mail or instant message in MSN Messenger or even to be delivered to your mobile phone with SMS, given that your mobile provider supports the function and you agree to be charged for the service.
Image credit: Windows Talk
Windows Live Mail surpasses the previous e-mail applications from Microsoft with the ease of use, Live ID integration, working both online and offline, support for the RSS feeds, calendar integration and included spam mail support. If you are looking for an integrated Windows E-mail program, or you are deciding to switch from other e-mail programs, then I can safely recommend you to use Windows Live Mail. | <urn:uuid:8a8dc2ee-0a23-4c79-9308-5a46561dccf8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.brighthub.com/computing/windows-platform/articles/68191.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283301.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00507-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.890753 | 824 | 1.71875 | 2 |
So now New York will soon join the modern transit age so why not Boston?
The General Manager of the MBTA, Daniel A. Grabauskas doesn't think it is necessary.
In May of 2006 Mac Daniel wrote in the Boston Globe
The system can count down the minutes until a train arrives, but Grabauskas said that isn't necessary.
''You don't need 15 minutes lead time for a rapid transit train," he said. ''If you know you have enough time to get down the stairs, that may be all the information our customers need."
The T is in the process of spending $35 million dollars to upgrade the PA system in the subway including $3 million for new signs that at present simply say "Train Arriving" when they work at all. So the T has the ability to show real time announcements on the Red and Orange lines but won't because Grabauskas doesn't think we need the information.
We can't blame Grabauskas for the Breda streetcars, the phantom Siemens Blue Line cars or even the choice of Scheidt & Bachmann to install the new fare equipment as those decisions happened before he came to the T but we can call him on this. I would think most passengers would be delighted to know how long they have to wait on the platform. If you know it will be a few minutes you might decide to sit down and take out a book. This is not a case that they would have to go out and spend money to implement it, they already can but just won't do it. I also take issue with the way the signs are being installed. As you can see they face the platform instead of being on the platform overhead. The problem with doing it this way is unless you happen to be on the platform directly in front of the sign you can not see it. Overhead signs like the example in New York lets everybody on the platform see them.
The irony here is Grabauskas when he ran the Registry of Motor Vehicles touted the improvements in customer service including a service that you could check on the web to see what the wait time is at any branch and signs at the branches giving the same information. So why did he think Registry patrons needed the information but not provide the same for the T?
Even on the low tech Blue Line there is one station that offers train status information now. When you enter at Maverick there is a sign hanging overhead that shows the location of every train between Orient Heights and Bowdoin and it has been there for decades. A passenger can see quickly where the next train is and if it is moving. That low tech solution could easily be converted to a sign that could simply say "Next Train in 5 minutes or less" based on what signal has been tripped. With the new signal systems on the Red Line and being installed on the Orange Line the information can be more precise.
For riders on the Green Line however there won't be any kind of messages giving train status anytime soon. The T can tell you when the next train is arriving at a station but not where it is going. A major overhaul to the signal system would be needed to implement that and in the T's current project list that indicates what they plan to spend money on through 2011, the Green Line signals are not on the list. The T is probably wise in waiting to do this as recent trolley signal upgrades in San Francisco and Philadelphia proved to be very difficult to implement. San Francisco trolley riders now get real time updates on signs in the subway stations and it can also be seen on the web as seen below.
Since last spring the T has had computer generated messages informing us that "The next train to wherever is now arriving" as part of the $35 million dollar overhaul. Since the new system began riders have been getting less information about train status. The T used to have live PA announcements that would say "train approaching Kendall, Park St and Broadway" so you had some sense what was going on but those announcements now are few and far between.
What information you do get from the computer announcements is no more than the low tech system the T has had at several stations for decades. Riders at Park St waiting to go towards Alewife can simply glance at the track light on the left side of the tunnel looking towards Downtown Crossing. When the light blinks off it means there is a train at Downtown Crossing and should be at Park in 2 minutes or less. Riders at JFK/UMass have the indicators that tell you if the next train is Braintree or Ashmont. There are others in the system.
It really is simple. Riders may grumble if they know the next train is 10 or more minutes but will appreciate the information. The T says they can do it now so there is no excuse not to do so.
What about the Commuter Rail?
Well back in May the T told the Globe
Daniel A. Grabauskas, general manager of the MBTA, said a similar system at commuter rail stations could be in place in from eight months to a year.Commuter Rail riders are probably laughing at this after dealing with the $5 million dollar system the T installed on the Commuter Rail 5 years ago that has never worked and now it appears they are scrapping. If the T really wants to find a system that works we are happy to point them to California where Amtrak runs commuter service between San Jose and Sacramento that passes through Oakland with connections to San Francisco. This is how their system works.
About the Passenger Information Display Signs (PIDS)They admit there are still some bugs but when I was in the Bay Area last spring it worked perfectly at the Oakland Coliseum station. I hope that whatever system the T buys this time they will only install it on the new Greenbush Line that opens this summer and see if it actually works before installing it system wide. Look my $100 cell phone can find me within 100 feet, the T should be able to find a locomotive.
Most of our stations are equipped with electronic message boards (PIDS), which display the date and time, provide much-needed up-to-date train status information, as well as other service-related messages. The signs provide real time train information status via electronic message boards. The system retrieves the trains location from an on-board GPS system, installed on each dining car, and transmits the data automatically to software programs that in turn send the status directly to the message boards. Starting 30 minutes prior to a trains scheduled arrival at a station, ADA-compliant visual displays provide waiting passengers with train status information every 5 minutes, with audio announcements at the station provided every 10 minutes.
Please bear with us, there may still be some lingering "bugs", and if that is the case, please let us know! We'd love to hear how the signs are working - please tell us what you see and hear. Call us at 1-877-9-RIDECC or E-mail us at email@example.com.
Really all I want to know is where my train is. Is that asking too much??? | <urn:uuid:4930ac50-df52-4306-a6d8-dfb8f685655c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://charlieonthembta.blogspot.com/2007_01_21_archive.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280900.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00008-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962642 | 1,455 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Women who regularly consume alcohol could be increasing their risk of developing breast cancer, a leading campaign group has claimed.
According to the Breast Cancer Campaign, incidence rates of breast cancer have increased by in excess of 50 per cent during the past 25 years.
Moreover, the past ten years have seen a 13 per cent rise in female breast cancer with eight in ten cases being diagnosed in women aged 50 or over.
Pamela Goldberg, chief executive of Breast Cancer Campaign, warned: 'Regularly drinking alcohol can increase the risk of breast cancer so consumption should be limited.'
'As well as regular exercise, a balanced diet rich in fruit and vegetables, high in fibre and including oily fish will help to maintain a healthy body weight and general good health,' she advised.
In a recent report, the Breast Cancer Campaign also indicated that vigorous exercise can play a part in reducing the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer.
© Adfero Ltd | <urn:uuid:197329b7-8c3a-45f7-9f8f-6c13abd78fb4> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/healthy-living/news/a17366/alcohol-consumption-can-increase-breast-cancer-risk/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721027.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00550-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962787 | 191 | 2.34375 | 2 |
Major Boost for Renowned Stained Glass Archive
One of the finest archives of medieval stained glass in England has received a £31,000 grant. The archive comprises 667 boxes of records, reports, and photographs compiled by the famous Norwich glazing firm, G. King and Sons, over seventy five years between 1927 and 2003. [Fig. 1. Dr John Alban, County Archivist, examines the King Archives © Norfolk Record Office]
The firm worked at a number of important East Anglian churches, including Long Melford, East Harling and St Peter Mancroft in Norwich, as well as sites such as Great Malvern Priory, Wells Cathedral and Winchester College. [Fig. 2. The prophet Nathan with parts of an inscription below. The photograph records Dennis King’s arrangement of this glass in Thurbern’s chantry at Winchester College in 1951]
When the firm closed, the future of the archive was uncertain until it was acquired by the Norfolk Record Office in 2004, following a grant from the Norwich Town Close Estate Charity. Now, thanks to a successful bid for £31,000 to the National Cataloguing Grants Scheme run by The National Archives, this important collection will be professionally catalogued before being made publicly available at the Norfolk Record Office and online. Special acknowledgement is due to the applicants, as the bid for support of the G. King and Sons archive faced tough competition. The application was one of only ten to succeed. [Fig. 3. The Norfolk County Record Office in Norwich © Norfolk Record Office]
Dr John Alban, the Norfolk county archivist, said: ‘The King archive is undoubtedly the finest collection relating to stained glass in the UK. We were extremely grateful to the trustees of the Norwich Town Close Estate Charity for their great generosity and public spiritedness in enabling us to acquire this wonderful resource, back in 2004. Now, thanks to The National Archives funding, we will soon have an online catalogue which will give researchers access to the fantastic treasures in the King archive.’
The catalogue of the collection is expected to be available online in spring/summer 2010. It will include the firm’s job files and account books, many thousands of photographic prints, slides and negatives and more than 9,000 outline rubbings made before panels were taken apart for conservation and reassembly in the workshop.
For more information see Vidimus 5.
Following last month’s report about damage caused by an intruder to an important 13th-century medallion in window s.28 at Lincoln Cathedral, we are delighted to report that around 95 percent of the glass has now been recovered and tentatively reassembled. [Fig 1. The Lincoln panel before damage © Gordon Plumb]
Early in 2009 the cathedral authorities will meet Tom Kupper, head of the cathedral stained glass workshop, and Nicholas Rank, cathedral architect, to discuss the repair of the medallion. Possible options include the immediate restoration of the panel, or a major conservation programme for the entire window of which it is part. To find out more about this story see Vidimus 24.
To see other panels from Lincoln Cathedral visit the CVMA Picture Archive.
Saxlingham Nethergate Glass Protected
Important glass from St Mary’s church, Saxlingham Nethergate, in Norfolk, is being cleaned and provided with internally-ventilated protective glazing by the Norwich-based conservators, Devlin Plummer. The church has one of the richest collections of glass in Norfolk, with good examples from the 13th to the 16th centuries. The windows undergoing conservation include the east window and those of the south side of the chancel, s.II, s.III, and s.IV.
Last month Vidimus spoke to Terry Devlin about the work to date:
‘We have just finished conserving s. III. which includes a composite tracery light, two 14th century apostles and some interesting grisaille of the same date. [Fig. 1. Saxlingham Nethergate, s.III © Devlin Plummer] The tracery light includes the head of an unknown saint, and an eagle [Fig. 2. Tracery light before conservation © Devlin Plummer; Fig. 3. Tracery light after conservation © Devlin Plummer] The apostles represented are St Philip and St James the Less. St Philip is dressed in red and brown robes and is set against a blue background. He holds a basket of loaves in his left hand. [Fig. 4. © Devlin Plummer] St James the Less wears white and brown robes, is set upon a red background and holds a fuller’s club. [Fig. 5. © Devlin Plummer] As well as cleaning the glass, we have reset the panels in a bronze frame and used kiln-distorted clear glass for the protective glazing system. Our next priority is s.II which includes four 13th-century medallions, the oldest glass in Norfolk.’
The apostle figures are particularly important. The stained glass historian, Christopher Woodforde, thought they were similar to some well-preserved apostle figures at St Mary’s church, Elsing, Norfolk, about twenty miles away [Figs. 6. and 7. © Mike Dixon] The inclusion of attributes – the basket of loaves and the fuller’s club – is testimony to how artistic ideas spread in medieval Europe. According to CVMA (US) author, Meredith Parsons Lillich, (The Stained Glass of Saint –Père de Chartres, Wesleyan University Press, Connecticut, 1978) such attributes were introduced into gothic art in the late 13th century as part of a general attempt to create visual differentiations between the apostles, who were formerly shown with nothing more specific than a book or a martyr’s sword. [Fig. 8. St James the Less with a fuller’s club, St Père Church, Chartres, France].
Vidimus is grateful to Terry Devlin for his help with this item and to the parishioners of Saxlingham Nethergate, who care for the glass. Thanks are also extended to Mike Dixon. To see further panels from Saxlingham and Elsing visit the CVMA Picture Archive.
Sales of 16th-Century Roundels
Some attractive 16th-century roundels will be auctioned by Christie’s in London on 20–21 January. The roundels are from the collection of the well-known antique dealer, Roger Warner (1913–2008) and comprise: a 16th-century roundel depicting St Elizabeth of Hungary, described in the catalogue as a female saint with a hermit, (Lot 382) [Fig. 1]; a composite panel with male and female heads (Lot 383); an Adoration of the Magi, formerly in the collection of John Mead Faulkner (1858-1932) (Lot 384) [Fig. 2]; a 16th-century German panel depicting the Prodigal Son as a swineherd (also owned by Faulkner) together with a Flemish representation of Susannah and The Elders of c. 1520 (Lot 385) [Fig. 3]; and finally, a composite panel with bird quarries and various fragments, including a ‘Green Man’ (Lot 386). To view the complete sale see Christie’s website. See also an obituary of Roger Warner published by the Independent newspaper.
This auction follows a sale of roundels by the same firm which took place in Amsterdam in December. The highest price reached in this sale was 1700 Euros for two 16th-century roundels depicting, respectively, a bishop and the Crucifixion (Lot 93) [Figs. 4. and 5]. Other lots included a depiction of The Burying of the Dead (from the Seven Works of Mercy) (Lot 92) [Fig. 6]; Samson carrying the Gates of Gaza (described in the sales catalogue as a man carrying two doors) and a rectangular panel depicting a shepherd with his sheep (Lot 95) [Figs. 7. and 8]; and a roundel of c.1500 depicting St James (Lot 94) [Fig. 9]. Some of the panels were cracked, chipped and overpainted. [Note: The story of Samson tearing down the bronze gates of Gaza and removing them from the city is told in the Book of Judges 16, verses 2–3. In typological picture books such as the so-called Biblia pauperum, the story signified the Christian triumph over adversity and was paired with images of the Resurrection where Christ is depicted rising and forcing open the gates of his tomb]
All images in this item are © Christie’s Images 2008 Ltd. and are reproduced with permission. Vidimus is grateful to Alexandra Buxton, Johanna Swetenham, Maarten van Gijn and Adrienne Kovats for their help with this item.
Countdown to Forum on Conservation: New York, June 2009
A provisional programme is now available for the International Forum for the Conservation and Restoration of Stained Glass Windows, to be held in New York later this year. Organised by the American Corpus Vitrearum and the International Committee of the Corpus Vitrearum for the Conservation of Stained Glass, the three-day conference will be take place between 1–3 June at the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
The theme of the Forum is ‘The Art of Collaboration: Stained-Glass Conservation in the Twenty-First Century’. Papers will be delivered in English, French and German with simultaneous translation. Texts of the oral presentations and summaries of the poster presentations will be published by Brepols Publishers in cooperation with the American Corpus Vitrearum. Preprints will be available at the Forum and afterwards will be sold by Brepols. Conference delegates will also be able to visit the extensive collection of medieval stained glass at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. This will include a visit to the wonderful Cloisters Museum.
[Fig. 1. Panels from the Cloisters Collection depicting scenes from the Legend of St Germain of Paris and the History of his Relics. On the left, the vision of a sleeping monk (63.8 x 40.0 cm); on the right, a servant carrying two flasks (63.8 x 39.8 cm), France, Île de France, Paris, 1247-50, pot metal glass and vitreous paint. From the former Lady Chapel of the Benedictine abbey of Saint Germain-des-Pres in Paris. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Cloisters Collection, 1973 (1973-262.1-.2) Reproduced with the permission of the Trustees of the Metropolitan Museum of Art]
Presentations listed in the provisional programme include:
•’Duyckinck to Tiffany: New York stained glass 1650–1920′. Alice Cooney Frelinghuysen.
•’Moguls and museums: a history of collecting stained glass in America’. Timothy B. Husband.
•’From plumber to glazier: the story of stained-glass restoration’. Sebastian Strobl.
•’Handle with care: approaches, perils and best practice in stained-glass conservation today’. Ivo Rauch.
•’Rediscovering Henry Sharp: the conservation of Faith and Hope’. Drew Anderson, Janis Mandrus and Alice Cooney Frelinghuysen.
•’The restoration of a 14th century stained-glass window from Assisi, Italy’. Roberta Bollati, Elisabeth Huber, Maria Elisabetta Prunas, Paola Santopadre and Marco Verità.
•’York Minster: past histories, future challenges – a new strategy for stained-glass conservation’. Sarah Brown, Tim Ayers, Andrew Arrol, Richard Marks, Christopher Norton and Richard Shephard.
•’Reversibility of modern treatments on stained glass’. Joost Caen and Kristel de Vis.
•’Conservation Programmes to St George’s Chapel, Windsor Castle’. Stephen Clare, Tobit Curteis and Sarah Brown.
•’Les collaborations autour des problèmes actuels de conservation-restauration des dalles de verres’. Laurence Cuzange, Claudine Loisel, Elisabeth Marie-Victoire.
•’Multi-disciplinary investigation of the windows of John Thornton, focusing on the Great East Window of York Minster’. Ian Freestone, Jerzy Kunicki-Goldfinger, Heather Gilderdale-Scott, and Tim Ayers.
•’Modellversuch zur Spalttemperierung an den mittelalterlichen Glasmalereien der Divi Blasii Kirche in Mühlhausen, Deutschland’. Oliver Hahn, Harald Garrecht, Kim Kappes, Susanne Scheibner, and Nicole Sterzing.
•’Schutz von Restaurierungsmaterialien vor photochemischer Alterung’. Anne Kaiser and Matthias Rothkegel.
•’Die Restaurierung des mittelalterlichen ‘Mosesfensters’ in der Basilika St. Jakob in Straubing: Eine interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit von Kunsthistorikern, Restauratoren, Designern und Naturwissenschaftlern’. Markus Kleine, Rainer Drewello and Paul Bellendorf.
•’Mise au point de techniques de consolidation des grisailles, des vitraux du XIIIe siècle, de l’église Saint-Pierre à Chartres’. Claudine Loisel and Flore Desquins.
•’L’Art de la collaboration: Tiffany et les verriers. Jean-François Luneau.
•’Conservation of a stained-glass collection ranging from the 11th to 17th century at The J. Paul Getty Museum’. Ariana Makau, Brian Considine and Jane Bassett.
•’The CONSTGLASS project: screening of conservation-restoration campaigns and materials development for the sustainable preservation of European stained-glass windows’. Peter Mottner, Ulrike Brinkmann, Isabelle Pallot-Frossard, Thomas Warscheid, Leonie Seliger, Stefan Trümpler, Joost Caen, Franco Zanini, Patric Jacobs, Norman Tennent, and Paweł Karaszkiewicz.
•’Conservation and restoration of stained-glass panels from Sainte-Chapelle in the Musée National du Môyen Age: a multidisciplinary synthesis’. Frédéric Pivet, Sophie Lagabrielle and Bruce Velde.
•’Optical coherence tomography (OCT) for non-destructive investigations of structure and properties of historic glass’. Piotr Targowski, Paweł Karaszkiewicz, Bogumiła J. Rouba, Dariusz Markowski, Ludmiła Tymińska-Widmer, Magdalena Iwanicka, Ewa Kwiatkowska and Marcin Sylwestrzak.
•’Investigation of historic glass samples and restoration of the medieval stained glass windows of the St. Marien Church in Frankfurt (Oder)’. Manfred Torge, Gerlinde Mohrle, Ulrike Brinkmann, and Marina Flugge.
•’The Art of Collaboration’als [nationales Konzept] de Glasmalereikonservierung: Versuch der Bilanz einer zwanzigjahrigen Erfahrung in der Schweiz’. Stefan Trumpler.
•’Paintwork in medieval stained-glass windows: composition, weathering, conservation’. Marco Verita.
•’Peles Castle: stained-glass windows’. Simona Violeta Gheorghe.
•’Le vitrail des armoiries de la famille de Simiane de l’ancienne cathédrale d’Apt: technique et préservation’. Joëlle Guidini-Raybaud.
•’Cupolas and area lights: a study of connections and sealers between glass and metal’. Kristien Hanselaer, Kristel De Vis, Patrick Storme and Joost Caen
•’War memorial windows in churches: significance and conservation’. Oliver Karnau.
•’Restoration of ten completely destroyed 19th century glass windows: cooperation between the National Heritage of Belgium, Church Community, a conservation studio, a contemporary artist, King Baudouin Foundation and many others’. Marlous Peijnenborg.
•’Die Entwicklung farbiger Glasklebstoffe für die Restaurierung von Glasmalereien’. Martina Raedel, Manfred Torge and Michael Bücker.
•’Evidence of repair and rearrangement in the Hampton Court window at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston’. Diane Rousseau.
•’Restoration and light control in the church of St. Peter in Cologne’. Christoph Sander and Peter Kaufmann.
•’The Willow Tea Room Doors’. Marie Stumpff.
•’Collaborating for better stories and better care: study and treatment of 15th and early 16th century stained glass from the Monastery of Batalha’. Márcia Vilarigues and Pedro Redol.
•’Study of the patrimony of stained glass produced in Porto Alegre, Brazil, 1920-1980′. Mariana Wertheimer and Raquel Alberti.
For details of registration and other information about the Forum, click here.
The Vision of Ervin Bossanyi
An important study of the life and work of the Hungarian stained glass artist Ervin Bossanyi (1891-1975) has just been published. Copies are available at a special introductory price to Vidimus readers. For more details and a full review of this exceptional publication, see the Books section.
York East Window Masterclass Follow-Up
Readers who were interested in the report on the York Minster Great East Window masterclass in December’s Vidimus, might also be interested in a report about the conservation of the Apocalypse altarpiece in the Victoria & Albert Museum that was mentioned during the conference.
Until 16 January 2009 Art of the Middle Ages: A Winter Exhibition, at Sam Fogg, 15D Clifford Street, London, W1S 4JZ. The exhibition features some rare stained glass, including a finely-painted roundel showing Saint Martin as a young man on horseback dividing his cloak to clothe a half-naked beggar. The roundel, which is thought to be French and is datable to 1500–1510, was formerly in the Sibyll Kummer-Rothenhäusler Collection, Zurich.
29 January–24 May Medieval and Renaissance Treasures from the Victoria and Albert Museum, the Millennium Gallery, Sheffield.The exhibition includes four panels of stained glass. For further details, see Vidimus 15 and the Millennium Gallery website.
29 March to 2 August 2009 Glass and Light. An important exhibition of stained glass from a private German collection at the Knauf-Museum, Iphofen, Germany.
On 25 April CVMA Secretary, Heather Gilderdale Scott will be giving the postponed Deerhurst 2008 lecture at Deerhurst Church, Near Tewkesbury, in Gloucestershire. Heather will be speaking on, ‘Deerhurst, St Werstan and monastic mythmaking’. For more information see the Friends of Deerhurst website.
7–10 May Kalamazoo International Congress on Medieval Studies. Sometimes includes lectures on stained glass. For more information see the University of Michigan website.
1–3 June 2009 Forum for the Conservation and Restoration of Stained-Glass Windows, Metropolitan Museum, New York.
13 –16 July Leeds Medieval Congress. The LMC sometimes includes lectures on stained glass. For more details see the LMC website.
18 –22 July British Archaeological Association Annual Conference, Canterbury. The BAA conference sometimes includes lectures on stained glass. For more details see the BAA website.
20 –23 July Harlaxton Medieval Symposium. This symposium sometimes includes lectures on stained glass. For more information see the Harlaxton website. | <urn:uuid:983ab8dd-fc26-4c98-bba8-6a6982a618ee> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://vidimus.org/issues/issue-25/news/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00160-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.854625 | 4,369 | 1.914063 | 2 |
If you can spray on a tan, why not a contraceptive? The Australian pharmaceutical company Acrux Limited has teamed up with the Population Council to develop a contraceptive spray that would be absorbed into the bloodstream through the skin -- likely via a daily squirt on the forearm -- and that would work by inhibiting ovulation.
Primary studies of the spray seem promising; Phase 2 trials will begin later this year.
"An important part of the Population Council's mission is to meet the need for reproductive healthcare products on a global scale, and we believe that Acrux's technology can be an attractive option for many women around the world," Population Council CEO Peter Donaldson said in a press release. We'll keep an eye out for the confirmed-safe contraceptive, and for the subsequent stonewalling by the Food and Drug Administration. | <urn:uuid:74d087a2-a3a4-4ae0-bde7-9dd7c9cce021> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.salon.com/2006/02/15/spray_contraceptive/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571246.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811073058-20220811103058-00275.warc.gz | en | 0.950681 | 167 | 2.09375 | 2 |
The Rosary of Saint Michael and All Angels consists of nine sets of prayers;
one Our Father and three Hail Mary's is prayed for each of the nine choirs of angels.
The nine choirs of angels are:
Cherubim Dominions Principalities
Seraphim Virtues Archangels
Thrones Powers Angels
One day, Saint Michael, Prince of Angels, appeared to a devout servant of God named Antonia d' Astonac. The Arch-angel Michael said to her, "I wish to be honored by nine salutations corresponding to the nine Choirs of Angels, consisting of one Our Father and three Hail Mary's for each of the angelic choirs." Saint Michael went on to promise that anyone who prayed this devotion in his honor would have, when approaching the Holy Altar to receive the Eucharist, an escort of nine angels chosen by himself from each of the nine choirs of angels.
In addition, he promised that anyone who recited this devotion daily would be given during his life St. Michael's own protection as well as the continual assistance of all of God's holy angels. Furthermore, after death, such a one will obtain for himself and his relations deliverance from purgatory.
This is the method of reciting the chaplet:
The chaplet is begun by saying the following
invocation on the
Powerful Medal (Saint Benedict's Medal):
God, come to my assistance.
O Lord, make haste to help me.
Glory be, etc.
These are the nine salutations to be followed by one Our Father and three Hail Mary's:
Following the nine salutations, pray one Our Father in honor of each of the following leading angels: Saint Michael, Saint Gabriel, Saint Raphael, and our Guardian Angel.
Almighty and Everlasting God, who by a prodigy of goodness and a merciful desire for the salvation of all men, hast appointed the most glorious Archangel, Saint Michael, Prince of Thy Church, make us worthy, we beseech Thee, to be delivered from all our enemies, that none of them may harass us at the hour of death, but that we may be conducted by him into the august presence of Thy Divine Majesty. This we beg through the merits of Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen.
By the intercession of Saint Michael and the celestial Choir of Seraphim, may the Lord make us worthy to burn with the fire of perfect charity. Amen.
By the intercession of Saint Michael and the celestial Choir of Cherubim, may the Lord vouchsafe to grant us grace to leave the ways of wickedness to run in the paths of Christian perfection. Amen.
By the intercession of Saint Michael and the celestial Choir of Thrones, may the Lord infuse into our hearts a true and sincere spirit of humility. Amen.
By the intercession of Saint Michael and the celestial choir of Dominions, may the Lord give us grace to govern our senses and subdue our unruly passions. Amen.
By the intercession of Saint Michael and the celestial choir of Powers, may the Lord vouchsafe to protect our souls against the snares and temptations of the devil. Amen.
By the intercession of Saint Michael and the celestial Choir of Virtues, may the Lord preserve us from evil and suffer us not to fall into temptation. Amen.
By the intercession of Saint Michael and the celestial Choir of Principalities, may God fill our souls with a true spirit of obedience. Amen.
By the intercession of Saint Michael and the celestial Choir of Archangels, may the Lord give us perseverance in faith and in all good works, in order that we gain the glory of Paradise. Amen.
By the intercession of Saint Michael and the celestial Choir of Angels, may the Lord grant us to be protected by them in this mortal life and conducted hereafter to eternal glory. Amen.10 Saint Michael
The concluding prayer:
O glorious Prince Saint Michael, chief and commander of the heavenly hosts, guardian of souls, vanquisher of rebel spirits, servant in the house of the Divine King, and our admirable conductor, thou who dost shine with excellence and superhuman virtue, vouchsafe to deliver us from all evil, who turn to thee with confidence, and enable us by thy gracious protection to serve God more and more faithfully every day.
V. Pray for us, O glorious Saint Michael, Prince of the Church of
R. That we may be made worthy of His promises. | <urn:uuid:44b68354-3c05-4576-baaf-c60a182b3412> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.ainglkiss.com/prayers/anros.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721555.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00180-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.915527 | 940 | 2.296875 | 2 |
Miners’ fate still uncertain
We certainly identify with the joy felt by people in Chile who learned over the weekend that 33 miners had survived a mine collapse 17 days previous.
We remain equally apprehensive about the miners’ prospects for the next 120 days, the amount of time that officials estimate will be required to free the miners from their pitch-black jail more than 2,200 feet below the surface.
Though the gold and copper mine lies thousands of miles south of here, much of the experience there was reminiscent of the Crandall Canyon mine collapse in Utah that trapped six miners three years ago this month.
In Chile, as in Utah, the collapse sent shock waves across the nation, which watched a desperate attempt to make contact via a drill bore down through solid rock.
In Chile, the effort was rewarded with the sight of miners holding up a sign deep below reading: “All 33 of us are fine in the shelter.”
No such reward came to the rescuers in Utah, of course. A drill bore sent down into the mine resulted in no contact with any of the miners and no sign as to their fate. Oxygen readings in the mine were none too encouraging.
An effort to reach the miners met with tragedy when another collapse claimed the lives of three rescuers.
All of which illustrates the continuing danger that remains for the miners in Chile.
In the best of circumstances, they can expect to emerge into the light about Christmastime. While they will have been supplied nourishment, it sounds like something other than food.
Earth, meanwhile, is hardly steady and unchanging even deep beneath the surface.
The miners’ survival could be transitory at best and we wish them well for the coming months and beyond. | <urn:uuid:4375154a-ccf3-4f6c-9d15-76f0cae8c594> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.gjsentinel.com/news/articles/miners_fate_still_uncertain | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283689.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00347-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959085 | 361 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Question: What do you believe?
Richard Meier: Well I think if I have a personal philosophy, it would stem from people who were extremely important to me during my education; not only my early education, but the time that I spent at Cornell. My closest faculty advisor was a man in the government department, and I just learned from them sort of freedom with responsibility. That’s ____________. Architects are optimistic by nature. I don’t think you can be an architect without being an optimist. So I am always hopeful that no matter what’s happening, it can be better.
Question: What is the measure of a good life?
Richard Meier: I think the feeling of accomplishment; the feeling of giving something to society that is meaningful, hopefully lasting, and has quality and endurance that people will appreciate over the years.
Recorded on: September 17, 2007. | <urn:uuid:52e517a4-ba6b-4104-b1d1-3515c6be8144> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://bigthink.com/videos/what-do-you-believe-46 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279933.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00118-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.977211 | 185 | 1.710938 | 2 |
Peter M Denk, MD, FACS, Rachel Dearie. GI Surgical Specialists
Minimally invasive hiatal hernia repair has evolved with increasing surgeon expertise with the goal of more durable repair while minimizing potential complications. Contemporary synthetic mesh repair of all types of abdominal hernia had lead to better understanding of the role of larger mesh pore size in tissue incorporation providing more strength with less risk of infection through extensive tissue ingrowth. Synthetic mesh use in hiatal crural repair however brings risk of gastric and esophageal erosion. Bioresorbable mesh varieties probably mitigate this erosion risk at the expense of weaker crural repair.
We present a novel technique of hiatal crural repair that balances synthetic and bioresorbable mesh benefits with a mechanically sound and technically facile interwoven suturing method with barbed suture. Strict adherence to meticulous primary crural closure is maintained. Large pore synthetic mesh completely effaced to the crura will provide high strength and minimize risk of infection. Bioresorbable mesh effacement to the synthetic mesh both protects the stomach and esophagus from the synthetic mesh and assures broad attachment of the bioresorbable mesh to the crura which is problematic with other mesh fixation techniques.
Barbed suture provides continuous fixation at each of the interweaves through the crural fascia and mesh, firmly effacing the mesh layers together more effectively and expeditiously than individual sutures.
We present video demonstrating the Interwoven Technique in a patient with a moderate sized crural defect. Short term (up to one year) follow up in 5 patients using this technique shows no mesh related complications, no hernia recurrence, and operative times comparable to alternative mesh fixation strategies. Ongoing follow up with attention to radiologic recurrence and synthetic mesh complications will determine the potential long-term value of this method for crural repair. | <urn:uuid:0c8172d1-c25d-4a38-a483-083225664312> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.sages.org/meetings/annual-meeting/abstracts-archive/interwoven-technique-for-hiatal-crural-repair-with-synthetic-and-bioresorbable-mesh-using-barbed-suture/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571246.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811073058-20220811103058-00276.warc.gz | en | 0.897325 | 392 | 1.546875 | 2 |
March 6, 2015
By Sarah Vander Schaaff
Parents such as Jean and John Gianacaci are examples to many of us in how to love a child. They lost their daughter, Christine Gianacaci, in January 2010, when an earthquake destroyed the hotel she and fellow students from Lynn University were staying in the country of Haiti.
Instead of looking at the trip as the end of their 22-year-old daughter’s life, they express her journey and ultimate death as a culmination and fulfillment of her calling, “…in her short life, Christine achieved something many of us never achieve; she found a purpose and a calling that gave her true happiness and purpose. She died doing what she was meant to do. She died doing what she loved.”
For the young woman from Hopewell, New Jersey, the desire to help children in need became a passion after a trip to Jamaica her sophomore year.
Her own life had not been without isolation. From the age of 11 to the end of high school, Christine suffered from the effects of Tourette’s Syndrome. Her parents describe that phase as one during which she became more quiet, shy, and sensitive to the power of teasing.
Perhaps, as many hardships do, however, it increased her compassion for others and, ultimately, her passion for missionary work.
Today, Christine’s parents are fully committed to their daughter’s calling with a thriving foundation created in her honor five years ago this month. Christine’s Hope for Kids (CHFK) raises money to help less fortunate children and to support local community agencies that work with or benefit children in need.
The foundation is also the first organization in Mercer County to be selected as the 2014-2015 NJ Association of Student Council’s State Charity of the Year.
Christine’s mother, Jean said of that distinction, “These kids are the next generation of community leaders. If we can facilitate the spirit of volunteering at a young age…they will carry it on.”
CHFK is honoring its five-year anniversary with a specific campaign this month: Five for Five. With a contribution of $100, donors can support the foundation via the purchase of a package of five celebratory notecards. Each package contributes to supporting five different children. Donors can then use the notecards to tell a recipient that a donation has been made to the foundation in their name.
While much of the organization’s focus is in New Jersey, the foundation also has a small group based in Florida near Lynn University. As Jean Gianacaci said, “There is need everywhere.” The organization has reached tens of thousands of children, ” …those that received the services and goods and the kids that volunteer and experience the joy of giving back,” she added.
If you’d like to get a sense of who Christine was, and the spirit her parents celebrate through their foundation’s work, I invite you to take a look at the CHFK website. There are opportunities to read more about the foundation, learn how to donate or purchase the “Five for Five” gift cards, as well as short videos.
One of the hardest things as a parent, I believe, is to keep an open heart in the face of tragedy or with the perception that the world is a dangerous place. Jean and John Gianacaci are reminders that love is always stronger than fear.
Mindprint Learning, the first online cognitive assessment parents can administer to their children from their home computers, would like to extend a special hello to Blogelina 2015 Commentathon. They are offering a code for 50% off the full price using this code: EdMomSpecial. If you’d like a discount code to offer your own readers, please email Eric at email@example.com
Learn more at the website and watch the video: click here. | <urn:uuid:b73172cf-5ea7-4828-a575-ad8519003282> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://v1.mindprintlearning.com/blog/christines-hope/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00477.warc.gz | en | 0.97109 | 816 | 1.789063 | 2 |
NEW ORLEANS (AP) - The panel that runs Louisiana's Superdome approved spending up to $100,000 on Wednesday for a study of possible enhancements to backup power systems that run escalators, toilets and essential operations during emergencies.
Dome manager Doug Thornton says the emergency systems worked during the Super Bowl - when a problem traced to a utility company's equipment caused a partial power outage and suspension of the NFL game for 34 minutes. But he said the current backup generator system was designed to maintain generator power when the dome is being evacuated, not accommodate fans staying through a temporary outage.
In addition to emergency systems, Thornton said, the study would also include a comprehensive look at dome electrical and mechanical systems and operating and maintenance procedures.
In an interview after Wednesday's meeting of the Louisiana Stadium and Exposition District, Thornton said the enhancements he envisions wouldn't avoid interruption of a game in the event of an outage. It would be aimed at improving comfort and safety during a temporary outage. ``I'm talking specifically about escalators, elevators, water pumps that are required to flush toilets in the upper levels of the building, maybe a chiller for air conditioning and possibly even a video screen or a message board for messaging to the public,'' Thornton said.
Fans interviewed as they exited the dome on the night of the outage described it as an annoyance, reporting inconveniences such as being unable to use credit cards at some concession stands. But there were no reports of disturbances or other emergencies. NFL officials have had praise for the city's successful hosting of the game and said the outage would not affect the city's chances of hosting the 2018 Super Bowl, which it's vying for.
There have so far been no indications that equipment in the state-owned stadium was at fault. Officials with Entergy Corp., the parent company of the utility that serves the dome, have said the outage was caused by an electrical relay device it installed specially to prevent a power failure at the stadium. But it's unclear whether the device had a design flaw or a manufacturing defect or if there was a problem in the way was set to trigger a break in current in the event of a power surge or other electrical problem.
Entergy and the management company that runs the dome for the state, SMG, recently announced the hiring of Utah-based forensic engineer John Palmer to perform an independent analysis of the outage. Thornton, an SMG vice president, told the board that Entergy is bearing the full cost of that analysis. It is unclear when Palmer will report. | <urn:uuid:c55fcf91-5446-4734-bcef-cb39e9231057> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.vegasinsider.com/nfl/story.cfm/story/1377936 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00421-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968964 | 515 | 1.578125 | 2 |
Graphene possesses excellent properties such as, high Young’s modulus (1 TPa), high fracture strength (~125 GPa) and extreme thermal conductivity (~5000 W/m/K), therefore, can serve as an ideal reinforcement material for the metal based High Tech structural nanocomposites. In the present work, a novel chemical synthesis method has been adopted for the in-situ synthesis of aluminium-graphene (Al-Gr) nanocomposite powders with varying compositions using graphene oxide (GO) as the precursor. The pure aluminium powder was initially cryomilled to refine the crystallite size. Subsequently, Al-reduced graphene (Al-Gr) nanocomposite powders were synthesized employing different volume proportions of GO (referred as 0.5, 2, 4, and 6 ml) dispersed in deionized water. The synthesized nanocomposite powders were ball milled followed by consolidation using spark plasma sintering under the optimized conditions. The nanocomposite powder as well as SPSed samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman Spectroscopy and electron microscopy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies of nanocomposite powders have depicted wrinkled structure typical of reduced graphene. Raman spectra have shown regular D, G, 2D and D+G bands and a modulated 2D peak having intensity significantly less than the G peak was observed for the nanocomposite powders confirming multilayered graphene is synthesized. The graphene wrinkles were determined in the size of 100 nm or more. Microhardness of SPS sintered nanocomposites is found progressively increased with the increasing content of reduced graphene with up to 58% improvement over pure Al was observed for the maximized GO content depicting potential for energy efficient high strength applications. The synthesized Al-graphene nanocomposites are novel in terms of an innovative, indigenously developed and scalable to bulk synthesis approach based on in-situ chemical synthesis route adopted. Copyright © 2017 VBRI Press. | <urn:uuid:b346edc8-44a8-4bf9-ae83-3312961a46aa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://amp.iaamonline.org/article_16219.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00277.warc.gz | en | 0.942311 | 443 | 2.109375 | 2 |
hot air (page 2)
Place a piece of sheet metal of about 150 x 120 mm at the hot air gun´s nozzle. It acts like a shield to protect the housing of the hot air gun from getting too hot. It is not attached to the oven. I remove it when I put the sections into or remove them from the oven.
All in all I spent about $10 for the material to build the oven. To power up the whole thing requires a some more money. I use a hot air gun made by BOSCH, type PHG 600 CE, 2000 watts, 110-600 °C temperature range, infinitely variable. There still are some misguided souls out there who think that this device only good for stripping off old paint. I my humble opinion it is the best heat source for straightening nodes, bamboo strips and rod sections, so it is a excellent investment for every rodbuilder's workshop.
To control the temperature I use an electronic thermometer with separate thin wire feeler, temperature range from -65 to 115 °C. This kind of thermometer is very accurate and reacts very quickly to temperature changes. The feeler can be inserted into the inner tube at the locations marked "1", "2", and "3" in the drawing on the previous page.
Operation: The combination of the fully adjustable hot air gun, the thermometer and the operator makes the "thermostat". This works very simple. To heat up the oven for a 180 °C heat treatment, set the gun to maximum air output and temperature, insert the gun into the oven, place the "shield" sheet metal between the oven's opening and the hot air gun's nozzle and wait for about 8 - 10 minutes. Control the temperature in between.
During the first several minutes the oven gets very hot at point "3", compared to point "1", but after 10 minutes there will be an equilibrium between all three measuring points. That means an effective temperature difference of about 4 - 6 °C between point "1" and "3". Let the temperature rise up to about 200 °C, then reduce the gun's temperature setting and wait until the thermometer's reading is about 190 °C. constant control.
Immediately after hanging the sections into the oven, the temperature drops from 190 °C to about 170 °C, but within 1 1/2 to 2 minutes the temperature rises to 180 °C. Adjust the temperature setting of the hot air gun if necessary. Normally there is no further temperature adjustment required once the oven has reached 180 °C. After the desired time has passed, the rod sections can be taken out of the oven.
Cookbook: For honey colored bamboo, bake for about 15 minutes at 180 °C. After 30 minutes at the same temperature, you'll recieve a medium brown tone. The bamboo still is crisp but not too brittle. Bon Appétit!
Summary: The sections hang freely in hot, streaming air, short time for warming up, no lids to open and close, no turning of the sections required, no insulation required (if the size of the oven is not increased), usable for very light heat treatments, glueing under heat, or just for drying, inexpensive.
Good luck and have fun, but be careful not to burn your fingers or other important parts of your body while operating the oven! | <urn:uuid:9875a6bb-aebf-490f-b36c-42804ca5b123> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.fneunemann.com/fpwot/index.php?id=41 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280266.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00498-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.910267 | 687 | 1.9375 | 2 |
EVERYTHING YOU NEED to improve your Spanish GRAMMAR SKILLS with over 2200 QUESTIONS. Includes a clear and easy-to-understand guide to the VERBS and GRAMMAR ...
EVERYTHING YOU NEED to improve your Spanish GRAMMAR SKILLS with over 2200 QUESTIONS. Includes a clear and easy-to-understand guide to the VERBS and GRAMMAR of Spanish OVER 180 ACTIVITIES The biggest Spanish grammar app available gives you all the practice you will need. 10 units with more than 186 activities – that’s 2285 questions – all available in practice and test modes! TEST YOURSELF OR PRACTICE Choose to use ‘practice mode’ where you check your answers as you go and where you can browse the grammar explanations in the reference section, or ‘test mode’ to challenge yourself and test your knowledge of a topic. COLLINS EASY LEARNING Collins Easy Learning Spanish Grammar and Practice has been designed for all those learning Spanish at SCHOOL, at WORK or at HOME. It provides easily accessible information in an easy-to-use App. Key grammatical points are highlighted. A full glossary gives clear explanations of grammatical terminology.
Size: 4.66 MB
Price: 0,00 €
Developed by HarperCollins Publishers Ltd
Day of release: 2013-01-25
Recommended age: 4+ | <urn:uuid:f332f741-efb9-4b50-9d53-e8319b91c9bb> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://rockapproll.com/app/Spanish-Grammar---Practice | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281649.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00446-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.860718 | 292 | 2.125 | 2 |
This essay has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work written by our professional essay writers.
Xenotransplantation is basically the transplant of organs and tissues from one species to a different species i.e. animal to human. There has been a long history of this dating back to 1682. It is not a new procedure that is being researched. Pigs and primates, mostly chimpanzees and baboons, are most often used in experiments concerning Xenotransplantation.
In 1682 a bone from a dog was used in Russia in an attempt to repair an injured skull. It was reported successful, but the Russian had the bone removed soon after the procedure was complete due to pressure from his church.
In the late 1800s, frog skins were often used as a way of healing burns or skin ulcers by grafting the affected skin
In 1905, a French surgeon grafts kidney tissues from a rabbit into a child. However the child died two weeks later.
In 1963-64, Thomas Starzl grafts baboon kidney into six patients. All six patients died, only surviving between nineteen and ninety-eight days.
Also in this year, Dr. Keith Reemtsma gave twelve patients chimpanzee kidneys. Most failed within two months of surgery. However one patient lived for nine months which is the longest time for a Xenotransplantion patient to live up to now.
In 1977, a twenty-five year old woman receives a baboon heart but dies only six hours after surgery. About the same time, a sixty year old man receives a chimpanzee heart to assist his own heart but died four days later.
More recently in 1995, immune cells from a baboon were used for an AIDS patient. The patients' condition improved though the cells died quickly.
In 1997, pig fetal nerve cells used in patients with Parkinson Disease. Pig cells survived in one patients' for seven months.
One of the most famous Xenotransplantation cases is the 'Baby Fae Case'. Stephanie Fae Beauclair was born on October 14 1984. She was born with hypoplastic left heart syndrome. This is where the left side of heart is severely underdeveloped. She underwent a procedure to give her a baboon heart. The procedure was carried out by Leonard L. Bailley at Loma Linda University Medical Centre in California. It was thought that she would have been an ideal patient for this procedure as she was so young that her immune system would not have been fully developed therefore theoretically eliminating the risk of organ rejection. She died twenty-one days despite the use of immunosuppressive drugs. It has been suggested that the baboon heart was too large for her body to handle. However organ rejection is more likely to have occurred. There was huge ethics and legal rights surrounding this case which will be discussed later. 75 complaints were received in regards to cruelty to baby Fae whereas 13,000 complaints were received with regards to cruelty to the baboon.
Is Xenotransplantation being used today?
Pig and cow heart valves have been used to replace human heart since 1975. They are still commonly used however they only last 10-15 years. They are referred to as biological valves. The pig heart is like the human heart and therefore it makes the best anatomical fit if the valves need replaced. Mechanical valves are now also available. However with this type of valve an anticoagulant is needed to stop blood clots from forming on or around the valve. The use of biological valves does not require the need for anticoagulant drugs. The valve is first examined and must be of a high quality before it is then treated with a solution to preserve and stiffen it. Glutaraldehyde is used to do this process. In bovine heart valves, leaflets are sewn onto a metal frame made from a cobalt nickel alloy. A wire is used to make three U-shaped prongs. Biological valves are better suited for elderly patients as they have a durability of ten to fifteen years, and in elderly patients they will probably only have to endure this procedure once.
Advantages of Xenotransplantation
There are many advantages of xenotransplantation.
Once xenotransplantation becomes available, there will be no shortage of organs and it will be possible to offer transplantation to all patients in need. There are huge waiting lists for organs and many people die whilst waiting for an organ. Xenotransplantation has the potential to save lives.
With access to pig organs, more liberal age limits could be applied making it possible to accept elderly patients who are not accepted today.
Using pig organs, the transport procedure can be prescheduled allowing for the pre-treatment of the recipient with immunosuppressive agents.
Pig organs would make it possible to alleviate graft rejection by modifying the donor tissue through genetic engineering therefore making the outcome dependent on recipient treat with immunosuppressive drugs.
Pigs are already slaughtered on a daily basis.
What are immunosuppressive drugs?
Immunosuppressive drugs are taken in order for a patient who has received an organ or a tissue, human or animal, immune system not to attack the organ or tissue. In xenotransplantation, immunosuppressive drugs will be taken to stop the immune system recognising the new organ or tissue as foreign i.e. non-self and start to destroy it. They suppress the activity of the lymphocytes which are responsible for anti-body production.
What is genetic engineering?
Genetic engineering means altering the genes in an organism to produce an organism with a new genotype. It is also known as recombinant DNA technology.
Isolate the desired gene
Insert it in a host using a vector
Produce as many copies of the host as possible
Separate and purify the product of the gene
This is a basic overview of how genetic engineering works. It could play a major part in Xenotransplantation and making it a successful procedure because a patient could be less dependent on drugs.
Stem cell use in Xenotransplantation
Stem cells, an already hot topic, have a high role to play in xenotransplantation. The animal stem cells would perform the same function as human stem cells or hoped to assume, and because of the fact that these stem cells would not come from human embryos scientists hope to gain more support in their research. Organ transplants have been the main theme in xenotransplantation for the most part as can be seen in the history of xenotransplantation. There are a couple of different ways these organs can be used. The most common is to replace the original organ with the animal organ. Another idea is to actually add the animal organ as a helper to the human organ as both a permanent and temporary fix. One of the more obscure, but still important uses of xenotransplantation is the delivery of genes for therapeutic purposes. The idea behind this is the hope that certain animal sources might be genetically engineered to better express a gene under regulated conditions.
Disadvantages of Xenotransplantation.
There are also many disadvantages to Xenotransplantation.
Pigs are distantly related to humans therefore diseases can be transmitted and rejection is more likely to occur
Primates are slow-breeding and due to the potential threat of extinction that could result from the extremely large practice of using primates for transplant outweighs the potential benefits
It is not known how animal organs could affect humans
It is unknown how this will impact on the human race- should a new infection be introduced for which there is no cure
The most common issue of xenografts is that it could be seen as doing something unnatural
Some already see human-human transplants as wrong
Some believe that man has no right to interfere with natural life
There are also many animal rights that come into the argument - why should animals be killed even for food?
It could be argued that the bible allows animals to be killed for food and some would say xenotransplantation could come into this as it would save human life
Many believe that xenograft technology is just another way for biotech companies to make money and they are not concerned with the welfare of the animals or mankind.
The emotional impact on a person who has an animal organ or tissue inside their body.
Are we creating our own subclass of human? Patients who underwent a xenograft would be genetically and anatomically different from the rest of our species.
Dispute would also arise from those of a Judaism and Islam background. They believe that swine are unclean and are forbidden to eat it therefore I doubt they would be willing to allow their organ to be replaced with a pig organ.
The future for Xenotransplantation.
Xenotransplantation needs to be perfected in such a way that there is no need for a replacement human organ or extensive therapy after the procedure has been carried out. The largest barrier which needs to be overcome in a xenotransplant is to genetically alter the donor organ, either by gene therapy or gene splicing, in order for the organ to be acceptable to human antibodies to eradicate the problem of organ rejection. It is becoming more apparent that a new breed of pigs and/or baboons would be need to be developed solely for harvesting their organs.
It is very clear to say that the history of xenotransplantation is not very convincing. Practically all of the patients have died after the procedure where a major organ has been replaced. However with the use of biological heart valves, it does prove that animal tissues can successfully be used in humans. I do believe we are closer than ever before to perfecting the xenotransplantation because of techniques such as genetic engineering. However I believe that the mountain to climb with regards to the science behind xenotransplantation is just as big as public attitudes towards it. In 1998, the National Kidney Foundation releases results from a survey which they had conducted regarding attitudes towards xenotransplantation. The results were very interesting.
50% of healthy persons would accept organs from other species
62% of those in the survey agreed that xenotransplantation is an option due to the short supplies of human organs
75% would consider xenotransplantation for a loved one if no human organs were available.
However, I have to question to these results. They are published to show that public attitudes are more for xenotransplantation. The first bullet point states that half of those surveyed would accept animal organs. Obviously the other half would not accept it. Also, it is very easy to say you would accept an animal organ or would want a loved to accept one, but if they were really in that situation would their feelings be the same?
It is obvious that a lot more research is needed in this field. It could take many more years to perfect this procedure and some would argue that it is unnecessarily killing animals for this research.
I am somewhere in the middle of this topic. I do believe that it should be researched because it could save lives. However, we will not know how this will affect a patient in 1 year, 5 years or 10 years because it is a new procedure and we will not know the long term effects. And also, all the research in the world would not show if a new strain of a virus or disease would arise to which there would be no cure for. I also believe that is will cause a lot of controversy from animal activists and from religious groups. | <urn:uuid:9866e8fc-7090-4b11-b147-77822147d02b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.ukessays.com/essays/biology/the-history-of-xenotransplantation-biology-essay.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281424.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00337-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.972404 | 2,376 | 3.25 | 3 |
Posted on: February 22, 2018
“What’s the difference between advertising and public relations?”
This is one of the top questions that we get asked by new and prospective clients. And, it is an important question to ask yourself when trying to figure out a high-performing marketing mix. Here are three reasons to use public relations in place of or in addition to paid advertising.
#1 — save money and increase ROI
Paid advertising is expensive and measurement of your return, if not customized, can be unclear. This is where public relations can save the day.
Our job is to get free publicity for you and we can do this through our relationships with the media. We pitch story ideas and products, create press releases, and keep your business top-of-mind for writers and producers at a multitude of outlets. Articles and television segments provide third-party endorsements of your business and add a layer of credibility that advertising does not.
#2 — increase your reach with PR
You’ve created the perfect newspaper ad for your company. The local paper has a circulation of about 6,500, so you can assume that 10% or less saw your ad and paid any attention to it. If you spent the same amount of time creating a press release or pitch, you’re able to send this to many different outlets, including print, television, radio, and online. If the story gets picked up, it will likely be picked up in other outlets, increasing the reach of your business’s message. Plus, the shelf life of a good article is much longer than a one-off advertisement.
#3 — be more active with targeting your customers
The average person encounters hundreds of advertising messages throughout their day. Cut through the noise with a perfectly placed article or fascinating television segment. People pick up the paper to read articles, not to browse advertisements.
A good article in a carefully selected media outlet can actively target the audience your business is looking to attract and help convert them to customers. We sit down with each of our clients to find out what their goal is. Based on that, we devise a “most wanted” media list to help us cater our messages to the individual outlets. This increases our chances of landing a story based on the ideas we have pitched because we know what the media is looking for.
Goals and objectives behind a successful PR campaign revolve around the fact that consumers place more trust in and are more likely to do business with a company they know and admire. By using PR, businesses can enhance their brand awareness and public persona, something that advertisements can’t do alone. That’s why the best way to promote a business is to incorporate both public relations and advertising into your marketing strategy in an integrated way. Remember, people must be exposed to your marketing message multiple times before they’re able to recall it. We would love to have an opportunity to talk with you about coordinating your advertising, public relations, social media marketing and digital marketing under one brand umbrella. | <urn:uuid:0a48222f-3374-47f2-9ebc-e99f5335a436> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.marshallpr.com/top-3-reasons-to-use-pr-instead-of-advertising/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00078.warc.gz | en | 0.954574 | 624 | 1.65625 | 2 |
This week the United States Supreme Court began hearing arguments on the constitutionality of the 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, commonly known as “Obamacare.” Whatever the justices eventually decide, most observers seem to have concluded—and most Americans seem to accept the conclusion—that the Supreme Court will have the final word on the constitutional question.
It shouldn’t. And it doesn’t.
As far as the legal challenges are concerned, the Supreme Court does represent finality in the sense that there is no other court to which the losing side in this case may appeal. That does not mean, however, that the constitutional issue will be settled. If anything, this week opens new opportunities for discussion of questions that every American ought to regard as crucial to their existence as a self-governing people.
It is an opportunity for Mitt Romney to change the tone of his Etch-a-Sketch campaign by making a serious and plausible constitutional argument. As governor of Massachusetts in 2006, Romney signed a health care reform law called “An Act Providing Access to Affordable, Quality, Accountable Health Care,” commonly known as “Romneycare.” The average voter understandably struggles to identify any substantial difference between “Romneycare” and “Obamacare.” For months, therefore, Romney’s challengers in the Republican presidential race have bludgeoned him with this issue. Now is the time for Romney to make the argument he should have been making all along, which is that the Tenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution acknowledges that all power not ceded to the federal government belongs to the people and the states; that the people and the states never ceded to the federal government the power to require that individuals purchase anything; and therefore that while the people and state of Massachusetts may adopt whatever health-care laws they wish, the federal government does not enjoy such power.
It is an opportunity for Thomas Jefferson to make a welcome reappearance in our political and constitutional conversations. The idea that the Supreme Court ought to serve as the final arbiter of all constitutional questions struck Jefferson as a dangerous doctrine. If it’s true that the courts have the power to decide all constitutional questions, Jefferson wrote in 1819, then instead of “three departments, co-ordinate and independent,” designed to “check and balance each other,” we have foolishly extended “to one of them alone, the right to prescribe rules for the government of others, and that one, too, which is unelected by, and independent of the nation.” In this case our constitution amounts to “a mere thing of wax in the hands of the judiciary, which they may twist and shape into any form they please.” Each branch of the federal government, Jefferson declared, “has the right to decide for itself what is the meaning of the constitution in the cases submitted to its action.” In other words, according to Jefferson, if we accept the argument that the Supreme Court gives the final word on the constitutionality of “Obamacare,” then constitutional self-government amounts to a sham.
Finally, it is an opportunity for the sovereign people of the United States to reflect on what it means to be sovereign. Too often we reduce popular government to the simple act of voting. Well-intended-yet-ultimately-absurd initiatives such as MTV’s old “Rock the Vote” campaign merely reinforce our misconceptions about what democracy means. Voting is important, of course, but it is far more important that voters develop habits of constitutional reflection. They must understand that the federal government exists at their sufferance. Its powers derive solely from them. This is true of the Supreme Court as well as the president and the Congress. To those Americans who are unconditioned to think in constitutional terms, this might sound like a prescription for anarchy. In fact it is quite the opposite. Popular government, Jefferson observed in his First Inaugural Address, is the strongest government in the world because it is the only form of government that commands the affections of all the people. To make our popular government worthy of the affection, however, we must do more than simply cast our ballots. Our judgment must depend not simply on whether “Obamacare” is a good piece of legislation but on whether we’ve given the federal government the power to enact it in the first place—and, if we haven’t, whether or not we wish to do so.
It is a week, therefore, not of finality but of profound opportunities—to think, to reflect, and to remind ourselves that no matter the Court’s ruling the ultimate authority rests with us.
Michael Schwarz is an assistant professor of history at Ashland University and a fellow of the Ashbrook Center. | <urn:uuid:47470872-be30-4193-9eef-391abd85745e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://ashbrook.org/publications/oped-schwarz-12-obamacare/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284411.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00461-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960491 | 997 | 2.359375 | 2 |
Prebiotics are an important part of your overall health. The first thing that comes to mind when discussing prebiotics is better gut health. Prebiotics are known to be the food of probiotics, which are necessary good bacteria that promotes a healthy system. When it comes to having a health gut, you will want to have a healthy dose of both prebiotics and probiotics.
PREBIOTIC HEALTH BENEFITS
Prebiotics selectively increase the number of two of those types: bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. Currently Prebiotics are beings studied for specific diseases (Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, mental health and mood disorders, and even cancer. Although most studies are currently inconclusive, there is no doubt good gut health is important for everyone.
It is still unclear how much prebiotics one needs but ensuring it is a part of your daily diet is ideal. Foods that are high in prebiotic fibers include bananas, asparagus, dandelion greens, garlic, onions and anything in the onion vegetable family, like leeks. A good thing to remember is that raw foods will typically have more prebiotic than anything that is cooked.
In general, raw foods have more prebiotic fibers than cooked foods.
Prebiotic fibers are also commonly added to processed foods like low-fat salad dressings and low-fat yogurt to reduce calories without affecting taste.
GOOD GUT HEALTH
Prebiotics are different types of fiber that encourage gut flora to grow. This means that the job of prebiotics is simply to allow more floras to grow in your gut, and that flora is often known as probiotics. Prebiotics are an important part of any diet for good gut health. While medical testing is still not complete it is clear that you can greatly benefit from having prebiotics in your diet.
Before you decide to take any supplements or make drastic changes to your diet, consult with your medical professional. | <urn:uuid:dc1a62d2-3dff-4c2f-a536-9b0de5e4dede> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.crohns.net/blog/resources/prebiotic-benefits/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283008.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00082-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957621 | 415 | 2.921875 | 3 |
A particle detector used by the CMS team at CERN's Large Hadron Collider. (Michael Hoch, CERN )
Scientists are quivering with anticipation -- flying halfway around the world for a close-up view of the action and devouring the latest updates from the blogosphere the way some girls track the doings of Justin Bieber.
Careers hang in the balance. Not to mention a cache of chocolate handed out by the folks who award Nobel Prizes.
All the fuss is over an elusive subatomic particle called the Higgs boson, which is key to understanding mass in the universe. No one has ever presented proof of its existence, but that may be about to change.
"There will be people who will see years of work and things for which they got tenure consigned to the dustbin of history," said MIT theoretical physicist and Nobel laureate Frank Wilczek, who believes that the particle's days of anonymity are numbered.
For The Record
Los Angeles Times Saturday, December 10, 2011 Home Edition Main News Part A Page 4 News Desk 2 inches; 77 words Type of Material: Correction
Higgs boson search: In some copies of the Dec. 9 Section A, a headline accompanying an article about the search for a mysterious subatomic particle ("Data suggest that the crucial, long-hunted subatomic particle may have been found") implied that results from the search had already been released. As the article noted, preliminary results are not expected until next week. In the final version, the headline reads, "Scientists await data that may prove the long-hunted 'God particle' exists."
Hundreds of researchers are sifting through data from CERN's Large Hadron Collider outside Geneva, which sends beams of protons hurtling toward one another at nearly the speed of light. They are hoping that some of the collisions produced telltale tracks of the Higgs boson -- and thus provide a key piece of experimental confirmation of the Standard Model of particle physics, which describes how subatomic particles interact to form the basic building blocks of the universe.
Teams at CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, will make a preliminary announcement about their search next week. Scientists expect to get a general indication of whether the Higgs is what they think it is -- or not.
The Higgs boson lies at the heart of a fundamental question: Why is there mass in the universe?
Physicist Peter Higgs of the University of Edinburgh and other theorists came up with a possible answer 47 years ago, suggesting that particles gain mass by traveling through a particular type of energy field. It came to be known as the Higgs field; the process by which mass is created, the Higgs mechanism. There also had to be a particle associated with the field: the Higgs boson.
Ferreting out the Higgs -- which has earned the nickname "God particle" -- had been beyond the capabilities of the world's atom smashers.
That was a major reason why CERN built the $5-billion Large Hadron Collider, a 17-mile loop buried nearly 600 feet underground.
Scientists think they know what the tracks of the Higgs should look like. Once formed, the Higgs decays almost instantaneously into other subatomic particles that physicists can spot at the collider.
The tricky part is figuring out whether the tracks really are evidence of a Higgs boson -- or just unrelated noise.
"You have to determine that it is the Higgs bomb and not some shrapnel from the background," said Vivek Sharma, a UC San Diego physicist who heads up one of the two search teams at CERN. To tell the difference, he added, requires painstaking analysis of data from trillions of collisions.
Just getting to the point where that work became possible has been a tall order, and some physicists are more than a little impatient.
"It slowly drives you crazy," said UC Davis theoretical physicist John Gunion, who began work on his textbook, "The Higgs Hunter's Guide," in 1983. "You wonder, am I going to be dead before they find this damn thing?"
Leon Lederman, who coined the term "God particle" in a 1993 book of the same name, wrote that he had really wanted to call it the "Goddamn Particle," but his publisher wouldn't let him. He knows a thing or two about finding subatomic particles -- he won the Nobel Prize in 1988 for discovering subatomic particles known as the muon neutrino and the bottom quark.
The LHC began its Higgs-hunting experiments in 2010. It has been unexpectedly productive this year, generating 400 trillion proton-proton collisions, almost six times more than expected.
The more collisions scientists can study, the more confident they can be that their results are statistically sound.
At a scientific meeting this summer in France, researchers from Sharma's team, known by the acronym CMS, and a rival group, known as ATLAS, presented early results. Both groups had seen hints of the particle, fueling speculation that the search was coming to an end.
But a month later, CERN physicists at a meeting in Mumbai, India, reported that the Higgs signals were getting weaker, setting off another flurry of excitement -- this time focused on the possibility that the Higgs did not exist after all.
Now the pendulum has swung back: This week, rumor had it that the Higgs signals had strengthened again.
The allure of the Higgs has spread beyond scientists. When Sharma gave a speech at UC San Diego about the Higgs search in January, more than 400 people -- including elementary school children, engineers from nearby tech companies and retirees -- showed up at the auditorium, which seated only about 200. The dean of physical sciences couldn't find a seat.
But no one is more excited than physicists. | <urn:uuid:2dec1feb-5086-4d7e-81bb-4892f6f8bd31> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://articles.latimes.com/2011/dec/09/science/la-sci-higgs-boson-search-20111209 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280292.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00336-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959251 | 1,202 | 2.328125 | 2 |
Introducing Chem Pro, the ultimate Chemistry application for the iPhone and iPod touch. Chem Pro is the only Chemistry resource you will need to excel in either AP Chemistry or General Chemistry. Chem Pro combines three great applications into one. An amazing lesson library containing a total of 80 videos that cover the entire course of AP/General Chemistry, eight incredible sets of flash cards which will help you memorize all the needed element and polyatomic ion names and formulae, and two essential tools – a molar mass calculator and a unit converter which will save you an enormous amount of time doing Chemistry problems.
Developer Website: http://www.ihelpnyc.com/chempro/ | <urn:uuid:4790e79c-3cd7-40f7-80f1-e49eb726c7ea> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.appchatter.com/tag/ihelpnyc/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281419.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00482-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.852745 | 137 | 1.570313 | 2 |
Newspaper Page Text
J?- i»» Jig*
Alaska lies between almost exactly
the same parallels of latitude as do
the Scandinavian countries and Fin
land. Alaska is warmed by the Japan
current as the Scandinavian countries
are warmed by the gulf stream. Alas
ka is 100,000 square miles larger than
Norway, Sweden and Finland put to
gether. Cut off that much of the north
ern part of Alaska as worthless, and a
territory remains as large as the three
countries named and with a climate
averaging little colder. Alaska has as
much copper as Sweden has iron.
Alaska has more forests than all three
countries. Alaska has coal in quite un
.. limited quantities and large deposits
^j 0t fold.—Chicago Journal.
Table Linens by the yard. 60 inch, bleached and unbleached, all
linen damask, values at 65c. Cfl#»
During this sale
72 inch bleached and unbleached, all linen table damask regular
$1.00 values. CC/
During this sale O O
72 inch bleached and unbleached table damask, extra heavy all lin
en, regular $1.25 values. d»i A A
During this sale «p 1
72 inch bleached, extra heavy table damask, regular (t»*|
$1.50 values. During this sale «pl*«3«J
72 inch, bleached, extra heavy table damask, regular d»
$2.00 values. During this sale
All linen extra heavy huck towels, hemmed, size 22x36 d»o nr
During this sale at per dozen p£. I O
Vz dozen dj-i 4 A
During this sale tpl.TrU
Odds and ends in all kinds of towels will be closed at 1-3 off former
Linen towelings by the yard, 17 and 18 inch, all linen towelings,
extra heavy, bleached, round thread,
At from per yard I Ic to I O
FANCY HUCK TOWELINGS BY THE YARD
Our entire line of fancy huck towelings, all linen, extra good qual
ity, 20x22 inches wide, formerly sold at 65c and 75c A
per yard. During this sale, per yard
12 Yards to the Piece Sold in Full Pieces Only.
No. 704 during this sale at £l 9
Per piece pl**£D
No. 710 during this sale at «7|J
Per piece 1
No. 300 during this sale at d»| A A
Per piece 1«%7U
No. 4000 during this sale at dJO O A
Per piece p£«£iU
42 inch Continental at 1
Per yard IOC
42 inch Dwight Anchor O
Per yard 1 OC
45 inch Dwight Anchor Oiig*
Per yard &.UC
45 inch Continental at Oft*
Per yard &
He was a tall colored man with the
stamp of a loafer He enteied a pawn
shop in a businesslike manner and laid
down a bundle.
"Ah wants two bits." he said.
The pawnbroker unwrapped the bun
dle. It contained a savings bank. In
side the bank money rattled.
"Yo' all thinks Ah don* know much
pawnin' dat dere bank," explained
the dusky financier. "Ah's not gwine
open it, case I'd spen' it all, an" Ah jes'
wants two bits, mister."
The broker handed out the two bits.
When the borrower left he opened the
bank with a master key and found $3
in dimes and nickels. Indianapolis
WhiteGood and Line Sale
Five more days in which to buy White Goods and Linens at
money saving prices. During the first five days we sold large
quantities. The bargains are so apparent that you cannot help but
buy. If you haven't already laid in a supply, don't fail to visit our
store and inspect the bargains offered you for the next five days.
You will find many other items in the Linen and White Goods line not mentioned here
at very attractive prices.
THE LEADING STORE
The old, the young, the middle
aged all can wear white. Now is the
time to buy High Quality, White
Goods, because the mills have made us
low prices to keep us busy during
what would otherwise be an idle sea
son. We are always on the lookout to get good values
for our patrons. We have them and advise that you
"Buy White Goods Now" and Save Money.
No. 895 all linen bleached napkins, 20 inch size
During this sale
Hard to Suit.
"When your mother-in-law fell into
the water, why didn't -you help to get
"My dear madam, you must know
that nothing I've ever done has pleased
Rftad the "Want" Calnm*
All linen napkins to match table linen by the yard will be sold dur
ing this sale at 20 per cent off regular prices.
No. 360 all linen bleached napkins, extra heavy, 20x22 inch size
values at $2.25 per dozen.
During this sale 1 «7
Our entire line of Pattern Cloths with napkins to match during this
sale 20 per cent off former prices.
Odds and ends in Lunch and Tray Cloths will be closed out at from
off former prices.
9x4 unbleached, Pennant A
Per yard LLC
9x4 bleached, Atlantic
Per yard LIC
9x4 bleached and half bleached Pequot, best quality O A
8x4 bleached and half bleached, Pequot, best quality A A
Per yard LOC
No. 80 Cambric, 36 inch, nainsook and cambric finish -i
During this sale, per yard 1
Lonsdale Cambric, 36 inch, nainsook and cambric finish
During this sale, per yard I O
A shrunk cotton for skirts and suits, 36 inches wide,
During this sale, per yard I
FRUIT OF THE LOOM
During this sale, per yard
During this sale, per yard JJC
During this sale, per yard OC
A heavy checked Nainsook, 35 inches wide,
splendid for underwear, repular 25c 1 (J
value, during this sale per yard JLOC
also good bow and case
For Sale Cheap. This is
an ex'ellent sweet-toned
instrument, is in good
condition and is sure to please you.
I could send it on trial.
MISS. BERTHA W-.MARDIS
Route No. 5 Rcsedale, Kansas
The Roman senate was a judicial
and legislative body and for several
centuries numbered 300 men, carefully
selected from the patricians. The ma
jority of votes decided a question, and
the order in which the senators spoke
and voted was determined by their
rank. Their decisions, called senatus
consulta. were the supreme law of the
republic, from which, of course, there
was no appeal. After the establish
ment of the empire the character of
the senate was greatly lowered, and
at last it became simply the tool of the
emperor, to do his bidding regardless
of the consequences.—New York Amer
ican. -, -55-,-,-v
n* •,* Didn't Want Any.
Swlgsby came downstairs to a 10
o'clock .breakfast, with a vacant coun
tenance and a backward tendency In
his hair that made bis eyes ache. He
sat down at the table and, picking up
his fork, glared in uneasy wonder at
something on the plate before him. It
had evidently been fried and was in
tended for food.
Swlgsby harpooned it with his fork
and lifted it bodily, gazing at- it with
"What under the sun," he exclaimed
at last, "is this thing?"
"Well," replied his patient wife, with
the shadow of a sigh, "it looks like
your new soft felt Jiat. and that is
what I thought it was. but you pulled
it out of your pocket when you came
home this morning and said it was a
nice steak, and you wanted it fried for
breakfast. You needn't give me any of
it. I'm not hungry."
And Swigsby, who was Just wild to
know what else he said when he came
home, and what time it was, for the
life of him didn't dare to ask.—Pear
8hocked and Grieved Her Husband.
Jimson was a little, sharp ed shoe
maker with stooped shoulders and a
chin whisker. He lived in a Missouri
river town, and whenever he drank too
much he used to wind up by going
home and thrashing bis wife. She
never failed to go over to a neighbor's
after a session with the old man and
complain bitterly of his treatment.
After awhile the neighbors grew wea
ry of the oft repeated tale and remark
ed: "Well, you seem to like it. You
always take it willingly. Why don't
you pick up something and hit him
with it the next time he whips you?"
The wife considered the matter, and
the next time her lord began to beat
her she grasped a chair and smashed it
over his head. The old man fell back
in-stark amazement, dropped his hands
and stared at her.
"Why, Mary—why, Mary!" he whim
pered. "What on earth is the matter
with you? You never done this way
before."—Kansas City Star.
Humanity to Mules.
"In the fifteen years that I have been
connected with societies for the pre
vention of cruelty to animals in this
and other cities I never have received
a complaint alleging cruelty to a mule,"
said the humane looking man. "That
immunity of mules from harsh treat
ment is an Interesting question. Why
are they immune? There are plenty
of mules, even in Philadelphia. Does
nobody beat them? Does nobody un
derfeed them? If not, why not? Does
a mule show such a decided ability to
take care of himself that his owner is
afraid to abuse him, or do men beat
mules and starve them and escape
punishment because the persons who
witness the beating and starving think
it is only a mule and not worth both
ering about? What is the explanation
of that phase of the mule question,
An Old Scotch Sundial.
Record is contained in the Bible of
a sundial set up in 771 B. C. by Ahaz to
commemorate the miraculous healing
of his sod, Hezekiah. A very ancient
one was some time ago discovered ly
ing in the grounds of the ruined castle
of Finlarig. Killin. Perthshire, Scot
land, the ancient seat of the Breadal
banes. Unlike most dials, it has twelve
planes for recording the hours and two
circular planes for use in summer and
winter respectively. For many centu
ries the occupants of the castle deci
phered its many angles as it stood
reared on a tall pedestal, reflected in
the waters of a fountain. The interval
of nearly 2.000 years between this dial
and that set up by Ahaz shows for how
long the dial held its own as an object
The Critic Criticised.
Whistler once gave a tart answer to
a critic of one of the "nocturnes." This
critic said the nocturne in question
wasn't good. Whistler screwed his
monocle and grinned at the man.
"Don't say it isn't good," he said.
"Say you don't like it. Then you'll be
safer. And now come over here. Here
is something you do like."
And Whistler led the critic to a side
board whereon there stood a whisky
Not In His Clase.
The young "man with a perpendicular
measurement of six feet and breadth
in proportion had asked the demure
little maiden of four feet six to marry
"Harold." she said, flashing out a re
sentful glance up at him, "that isn't
fair! It isn't sportsmanlike! Take
one of your size!"—Chicago Tribune.
"Brierly Is always very cautious
about the statements he makes."
"Yes he had occasion the other day
to refer to Shakespeare, whom he call
ed 'the greatest English poet, accord
ing to many good Judges.' "—Chicago
Correct*d Jan. 29,1913
Prices on creamery buner.Dour, bran,snorts
and apples are dealers' selling prieea, all other
are prices paid to producers.
Wheat, No. 1 Northern 80c
Wheat, No. 8 78c
Wheat, No. 3 76c
Wheat, No. 4 7i
Wheat, rejected 66cc
Wheat, No. 1 VelTet Chaft 79c
Wheat, No. 2 Velvet Chaff. .76c
Wheat, No. 3 Velvet Chaff. 73c
Wheat, No 1 Durum
Wheat, No. 3 Durum
Wheat, No. 8 Durum
Wheat, No. 4 Durum
Potatoes .-. 30c
Beans $2.90 per bushel
Cabbage lHc perpound
Batter, separator. 29
Butter, creamery 32c
Onions 50c perbushel
LrimbB.- $4.00 to $8.00
Chickens 6 to 9c
Veal calves #6.00
24.0 to 28c
35c to 45c
50c to 5?c
...$1.11 to $1.26
26c to 28c
SQSjSt JlTa,»«».••#•••..» •»•«•••••.•..•.*•.«**••.»•»••» Bw.oO
TBE NEW YORK PLAY CO.
Viola Aliens Great Play
By E. Marion Crawford
word each insertion. No
15 cents, cash with
One cent a
ad for leas
30 per cent discount for additional
Insertions—No accounts booked for least
WANTED—Good girl for general
housework. Inquire at this of
COMPETENT GIRL WANTED for
general house work. Mrs. J. H.
Taylor, 109 Bertha street, 'phone
WANTED—Trav ling man a
wife, two or three nicely furnished
rooms in modern home, with board
preferred. Address Chas. Rodeen,
Houses and Rooms.
FOR RENT—Steam heated room
in old Postoffice block. Inquire of
R. W. Stanford. 572
WANTED—To rent after Mar. 1,
5 to 8 room house. Modern if pos
sible. R. M. Noren, Pouch A, City.619
WANTED—Many rooms for Sem
inary students. Call A. C. Pederson,
'phone No. 9, between Jan. 1st andfor
FOR RENT—Large front room,
well furnished in modern house to
lady only. Inquire at 721 W. Litch
field avenue. 589
FOR RENT—Rooms furnished for
housekeeping in Willmar, opposite
Steam Laundry. Mrs. J. S. Day,
Raymond, Minn. 623
FOR RENT—Good business loca
tion with store fixtures good opening
for drug store, or will sell building.
Peter Thulin, Kandiyohi, Minn. 610
HOUSES FOR SALE—On the in
stallment plan. If interested in buy
ing a house it will pay you to call at
our office and get full particulars.
Anderson Land Co., Willmar, Minne
Lost, Found, Etc.
FOUND—A child's black fur coll
ar. Owner can have same by calling
on J. J. Brown, Merchants Hotel and
Stock For Sale.
YOUNG HORSES for sale. Anton
Bjorling, Willmar, Rt. 2. 613
HORSES FOR SALE—Inquire of
Mrs. J. S. Day, Raymond, Minn. 624
FOR SALE}—One greldmgr, black, 3
year-old. $150 If taken at once. C. L.
Roske, Rt. 3, Willmar. 533
FOR SALE—Horse, harness and
buggy. Apply J. L. Cale, Willmar,
FOR SALE OR TRADE—One year
old full blooded Poland China boar.
Gunerius Bartberg, Spicer, Rt. 1.587
HOLSTEIN BULLS FOR SALE—
One coming two-year-old and two
calves all registered full bloods.
Address David Swenson, Rt. 1, Spic
FOR SALE—Good sound work
ing horses, old and young, which, I
will sell reasonably, if taken this
month. Mrs. A. Mikkelson, Pennock,
Route 1. 632
EGGS FOR HATCHING —Pure
bred Barred Plymouth Rock chick
en eggs for hatching 5c each. No
replace. T. J. Lawson, New London,
Saturday. Feb. 1st
WITH THE TALENTED ACTRESS
And a Metropolitan Cast
Prices: 25, 50, 75, $1.00, $1.50
Bronze Turkey Toms weight o\er 20
lbs. Very tame $5 each only 3 left.
T. J. Lawson, Willmar, Minn. 629
ACRE TRACTS FOR SALE—At J5.0C
cash and 15.00 per month. For price and
further particulars call at our office
Anderson Land Co., Willmar. 314
NORTHERN MINNESOTA LANDS—
$12.50 to $15.00 per acre $2 per acre
cash, balance on easy terms at 5 per
cent. For further particulars call at
our office or write Anderson Land Co.,
Willmar, Minn. 550
FOR SALE OR TRADE—40 acres
school, land, 3 miles from New Lon
don 25 acres timber 15 acres good
meadow. G. W. Lord, St. Cloud. 627
FARM FOR RENT—240 acres, all
new, nice buildings, and farm in good
condition. Wish to rent for cash.
For furth information write or call.
Mrs. A. Mikkelson, Pennock, Route
FOR SALE OR RENT—A 320
acre farm in northwest Souj Dako
ta. 110 acres under cultivation,
newly broke 100 acres rolling prai
rie, which can be broken. Balance
meadow and pasture land. Has run
ning water. A splendid opportunity
stock, especially sheep best of
climate, finest kind of watery stock
graze out all winter 11 miles from
railroad will sell cheap or will rent
on favorable terms splendid oppor
tunity for some one with a small cap
ital. Will pay railroad fare both
The only Baking Powder made
from Royal Grape Cream of Tartar
MO ALUM, MO LIME PHOSPHATE
ways to party who buys. Address
all communications to A. W. Lind
berg, Graceville, Minn. 630
FOR SALE—14 horse power gaso
line engine. Call at the Tribune of
FOR SALE—Dry cordwood at $3
per cord. William Olson, Spicer,
Historical and Anniversary
Calendar for 1913
THE cover page has two local parcels post maps
with table of rates. The leaf for each month
carries anniversary dates of local interest.
The dates are shown in figures one and one fourth
inches in size, making it a utility calendar appreci
ated by busy people at home or office.
PRICE, 15 Cts. THE COPY, POSTPAID
Alt persons paying subscription to the WILLMAR
.. TRIrJUNE will receive one free of charge
HAY FOR SALE—At from $3.00
to $14.00 per ton in stock. Inquire
of Anderson Land Co., Willmar, Min
FOR SALE—White oak posts and
mixed cordwood, mile northeast
of Bethesda Homes at Eagle Lake.
0. O. Birkeland, Rt. 5, Willmar. 626
SEED CORN FOR SALE—Minne
sota No. 13 and Minnesota No. 7.
Guaranteed to grow 95 per cent. My
corn took first prize at Short Course
show and at county fair. John Ahl
strom, Spicer, Minn. 625
GRAVEL—F. O. B. cars at New Lon
don pit. Address John Wright, New
MONEY TO LOAN—See S. L. Ben
ton for farm loans, on the optional
payment plan, and at IOAV interest,
as he has charge of the loaning bus
iness while I am away from home.
A. P. Adams. 562
Tribune Wan-Tads Brim Results. | <urn:uuid:1cc18f19-b814-41aa-b287-ee2e20fa428c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn89081022/1913-01-29/ed-1/seq-8/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279489.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00017-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.890588 | 4,731 | 1.515625 | 2 |
East Japan Railway Co. has reached a settlement in a dispute over wage discrimination against workers belonging to a union that opposed the 1987 privatization and breakup of the national railway service, according to company and union sources.
Under to a deal reached through a government mediation panel, JR East will pay an undisclosed settlement in exchange for the union, known as Kokuro, to withdraw 23 petitions for redress filed with labor arbitration panels for what they see as discrimination against promotion, the sources said.
JR East, one of the six regional railways that emerged from the breakup, had stood firm in the battle with unionized workers of Japanese National Railways.
The settlement could impact other labor disputes and lawsuits between union members and regional operators of the JR group.
Although JR East and Kokuro have not disclosed the sum of the settlement, it is estimated to be around 360 million yen.
The settlement, reached Oct. 31, covers 23 petitions filed with the Central Labor Relations Commission, the top government labor mediation body, and the mediation body of the Tokyo Metropolitan Government, the sources said.
The petitions, filed after 1991, affect around 1,800 union members in six prefectures.
From these petitions, discrimination against unionized workers was recognized in three prefectures — Kanagawa, Tokyo and Akita, and a local mediation panel issued an order for redress to compensate involved workers. | <urn:uuid:e0aeffa5-e6de-472e-8565-51437ae252a0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2005/11/09/news/jr-east-settles-kokuro-wage-discrimination-row/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283008.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00084-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.97152 | 278 | 1.859375 | 2 |
Foreign exchange plays a very important role in the balance of payment of the country. Foreign exchange takes within its fold purchase (import), sale (export) of goods and services across the boarders. Although foreign remittance is a component of the Current Account Transaction and as such part of foreign trade, the area is being given special attention due to its immense contribution in national economy.
Bangladesh being one of the emerging economies, the import mix of the country is built of multifarious items from cookies to capital machinery. On the other hand the major items of export for more than a decade have been Readymade Garments which replaced the traditional items of jute, tea and leather in terms of value and volume. In this time of globalization, countries tend to export the items in which they have competitive advantage and import those items where they lack the advantage. Import meets the need of consumer goods, industrial inputs and other essentials causing outflow of foreign currency while Export business takes the role of minimizing the gap in balance of trade through inflow of foreign currency by remittance business.
Traditionally, import business of the country surpassed export business in terms of value. Same is the case for individual banks, which bridge the exporters and importers of the country with the rest of the world. The involvement of the bank in the industrial sector as well as in the commercial sector has raised the import business of the bank disproportionately with that export business. Foreign remittance and export business of the bank jointly maintains a precarious balance with import business. In this backdrop, in order to optimize the foreign trade business to maintain a good balance between the inflow and outflow of foreign currency, to extend the banks position in foreign trade of the country, to emerge as a major foreign exchange market player of the country and thereby ensuring the stability of foreign exchange market of the country, the need for a Further study of the bank is being felt very deeply. This study will help to focus the issue and may raise further steps of the same.
As an employee of IFIC I want to focus the convergence in managing Foreign Exchange Business of IFIC in Bangladesh.
Origin of the Study:
This study on Foreign Exchange Activities of IFIC (International Finance Investment & Commerce) Bank Limited has been prepared and presented as obligatory requirement of the MBA program School of Business & Social Studies,International Islamic University Chittagong.
In fact, Foreign exchange department provide a descriptive framework of foreign exchange management under the regulation provided by Bangladesh Bank. This report treats foreign exchange policy & management system as an essential learning in Bank management. Foreign Exchange management focuses on decision making in an international context. It reveals different techniques that are offered by the foreign exchange related departments.
This report is real-life institutional experiences that demonstrate the use of foreign exchange and reasoning in solving foreign exchange related problems. These experiences have being amassed with the discussion to middle management at the time of three months internship program.
The educational trust of this report is greatly enhanced by the following learning & teaching aids:
1) The attitude of the central bank to the other commercial banks for monitoring and supervising.
2) The attitude of the employees towards the high official of BB.
3) Behind reasons for making policies for other financial institutions in Bangladesh.
This report is suitable for the people who are engaged in financial institutions or wants to be a banker or high official in the financial institutions that are engaged in foreign exchange related job. It is strongly believed that this study will be used as comprehensive & informative one.
Objective of the Study:
The prime objective of this report is to achieve practical exposure to organizational environment as well as to understand the system and methodology adopted in conducting day to day banking by IFIC Bank especially in the field of Foreign Exchange. Besides this report has been composed to obtain the following objectives:
- To achieve practical knowledge and overall understanding about IFIC Bank.
- To get an overall idea about the Foreign exchange dealings of IFIC Bank.
- To analyze the financing systems of the bank to find out any contributing field.
- To examine the profitability and productivity of the bank.
- To get an overall idea of banking from banker’s point of view.
- To review the techniques used by the bank to make it lucrative.
- To assesses the decision undertaken by the top-level management to keep the rein with the competitiveness of the market.
- To describe the organizational structure, management, background, functions and objectives of the bank and its contribution to the national economy.
- To determine the factors those influence the planning & implementation to boost up Foreign Exchange department.
- To find out the challenges associated with the activities concerned with Foreign Exchange department.
- To gather knowledge & functions and transactions of Foreign Exchange department.
- To observe the working environment of Foreign Exchange department.
- To determine the drawbacks of the exiting systems of Foreign Exchange department.
- To recommend some guidelines to improve the effectiveness of the operation of Foreign Exchange department.
Methodology of the Study:
Correct and smooth completion of research work requires adherence to some rules and methodologies. Rules were followed to ease the data collection procedure. Accuracy of study depends on the information and data analysis.
The area of my study has been encompassed the operation area of IFIC Bank, pallabi Branch, Plot No 2 & 4, Avenue, 2 Sec 11, Mirpur, Dhaka-1216.
To accumulate the required data I have contacted with departmental head Mijanur Rahaman and Ramat Ulla along with other concerned officers of IFIC Bank. In case of Export -finance department have got in close with the responsible personnel’s of Foreign Exchange department to collect the information.
Types of Research:
In this study, exploratory research has been undertaken to gain insights and understanding of the overall Foreign Exchange related activities and also to determine some of the attributes of service quality in Banks. After that a more comprehensive & conclusive research has been pursued to fulfill the main purpose of the study.
Sources of Data:
Figure-1.4: Sources of Data
Limitations of the Study:
This Internship Report is my first assignment outside our course curriculum in the practical life. I, the students of Department of Business Studies just have completed our formal education stage. After completing the institutional experience, practical performance in the formal stages becomes difficult. So in preparing this report, lack of proper knowledge greatly influenced me in this performance.
Besides above, I had to face some other limitations. These are as follows:
- Lack of availability of data.
- Improper combination among various departments.
- Up-to-date information was not available.
- Sufficient records, publications, facts, and figures are not available. These constraints narrowed the scope of the real analysis.
- For the reason of confidentiality, some useful information cannot be expressed in this report.
- Time frame for the research was very limited.
- Unwilling to give information by the concerned officials in many times in the name of extra harassment without their responsibility.
- Finally, this is my first job Experience. So my knowledge especially in such a research study is limited.
In spite of all the drawbacks faced, everything has been managed well at the end. I believe that the report on Foreign Exchange Activities of IFIC (International Finance Investment & Commerce) Bank Limited will give a clear idea about the given topics.
Chapter Two: Company Profile
International Finance Investment and Commerce Bank Limited (IFIC Bank) is a banking company incorporated in the People’s Republic of Bangladesh with limited liability. It was set up at the instance of the Government in 1976 as a joint venture between the Government of Bangladesh and sponsors in the private sector with the objective of working as a finance company within the country and setting up joint venture banks/financial institutions abroad. The Government held 49 per cent shares and the rest 51 per cent were held by the sponsors and general public. In 1983 when the Government allowed banks in the private sector, IFIC was converted into a full-fledged commercial bank. The Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh now holds 35% of the share capital of the Bank. Leading industrialists of the country having vast experience in the field of trade and commerce own 34% of the share capital and the rest is held by the general public.
Our Mission is to provide service to our clients with the help of a skilled and dedicated workforce whose creative talents, innovative actions, and competitive edge make our position unique in giving quality service to all institutions and individuals that we care for. We are committed to the welfare and economic prosperity of the people and the community, for we drive from them our inspiration and drive for onward progress to prosperity.
We want to be the leader among banks in Bangladesh and make our indelible mark as an active partner in regional banking operating beyond the national boundary.
In an intensely competitive and complex financial and business environment, we particularly focus on growth and profitability of all concerned.
Milestones in the development of IFIC Bank Ltd.
1976 – Established as an Investment & Finance Company under arrangement of joint venture with the govt. of Bangladesh.
1980 – Commenced operation in Foreign Exchange Business in a limited scale.
1982 – Obtained permission from the Govt. to operate as a commercial bank.
Set up its first overseas joint venture (Bank of Maldives Limited) in the Republic of Maldives (IFIC’s share in Bank of Maldives Limited was subsequently sold to Maldives Govt. in 1992)
1983- Commenced operation as a full-fledged commercial bank in Bangladesh.
1985 – Set up a joint venture Exchange Company in the Sultanate of Oman, titled Oman Bangladesh Exchange Company (subsequently renamed as Oman International Exchange, LLC).
1987 – Set up its first overseas branch in Pakistan at Karachi.
1993 – Set up its second overseas branch in Pakistan at Lahore.
1994 – Set up its first joint venture in Nepal for banking operation, titled Nepal Bangladesh Bank Ltd.
1999 – Set up its second joint venture in Nepal for lease financing, titled Nepal Bangladesh Finance & leasing Co. Ltd. (which was merged with NBBL in 2007)
2003 – Overseas Branches in Pakistan amalgamated with NDLC, to establish a joint venture bank: NDLC-IFIC Bank Ltd., subsequently renamed as NIB Bank Ltd.
2005 – Acquired MISYS solution for real time on-line banking application.
Core Risk Management implemented.
2006 – Corporate Branding introduced.
Visa Principal and Plus (Issuer and Require) Program Participant Membership obtained.
2008 – Observing 25th Anniversary of Customer Satisfaction.
2010 – 68 Branches offering Real Time On-line banking facility.
The thirteen members of the Board of Directors are responsible for the strategic planning and overall policy guidelines of the Bank. Further, there is an Executive Committee of the Board to dispose of urgent business proposals. Besides, there is an Audit Committee in the Board to oversee compliance of major regulatory and operational issues. The CEO and Managing Director, Deputy Managing Director and Head of Divisions are responsible for achieving business goals and overseeing the day to day operation. The CEO and Managing Director are assisted by a Senior Management Group consisting of Deputy Managing Director and Head of Divisions who supervise operation of various Divisions centrally and co-ordinates operation of branches. Key issues are managed by a Management Committee headed by the CEO and Managing Director. This facilitates rapid decisions. There is an Asset Liability Committee comprising member of the Senior Executives headed by CEO and Managing Director to look into all operational functions and Risk Management of the Bank.
Joint Ventures Abroad:
Bank of Maldives Limited
IFIC is the first among the banks in the private sector to have operations abroad. In 1983, the Bank set up a joint venture bank in Maldives known as ‘Bank of Maldives Limited’ (BML) at the request of the Government of the Republic of Maldives. This is the only national bank in that country having branches throughout that country. IFIC Bank managed the affairs of BML from 1983 to 1992. IFIC Bank sold its shares in 1992 to the Government of the Republic of Maldives and handed over the Management of BML to Maldives Government.
NIB Bank Ltd., Pakistan
IFIC Bank had two branches in Pakistan, one in Karachi and the other in Lahore. Karachi Branch was opened on 26th April 1987, while Lahore Branch was opened on 23rd December 1993.To meet the Minimum Capital Requirement (MCR) of the State Bank of
Pakistan, the Overseas Branches in Pakistan have been amalgamated with a reputed leasing company in Pakistan named National Development Leasing Corporation Ltd. Therefore, the existence of our above Overseas Branches has ceased w.e.f. 2nd October 2003 and a new joint venture bank entitled NDLC – IFIC Bank Ltd. emerged in Pakistan w.e.f. 3rd October 2003. The Bank was subsequently renamed as NIB Bank Ltd. IFIC Bank presently holds 7.31% equity in the Bank.
Nepal Bangladesh Bank Ltd. (NB Bank)
Nepal Bangladesh Bank Ltd. (NB Bank), a joint venture commercial bank between IFIC Bank Ltd. and Nepal nationals, started operation with effect from June 06, 1994 in Nepal with 50% equity from IFIC Bank Ltd. The Bank has so far opened 17 (seventeen) branches at different important locations in Nepal. IFIC Bank presently holds 25% shares in NB Bank.
NepalBangladesh Finance & Leasing Limited (NB Finance)
NepalBangladesh Finance & Leasing Co. Ltd. (subsequently renamed as Nepal Bangladesh Finance & Leasing Ltd.), another joint venture leasing company between IFIC Bank Ltd. and Nepali Nationals, started its operation on April 18, 1999 in Nepal. IFIC Bank presently holds 15% share in the company.
Oman International Exchange LLC (OIE)
Oman International Exchange LLC (OIE), a joint venture between IFIC Bank Limited and Oman nationals, was established in 1985 to facilitate remittance by Bangladeshi wage earners in Oman. IFIC Bank holds 25% shares, and the balance 75% is held by the Omani sponsors. The exchange company has a network of 10 branches covering all the major cities/towns of Oman. The operations of the branches are fully computerized having online system. The affairs and business of the company is run and managed by the Bank under a Management Contract.
Product and Services:
IFIC Bank LTD. launched several financial product and services since its inception. Corporate Banking, Retail Banking, SME Banking, Treasury, & Capital Market, Agriculture Credit All of these have received wide acceptance among the people.
Human Resource Development (HRD):
Human Resources Development is focused on recruitment and in-house training for both on the job and off the job Bank staff members through the Bank’s Academy. IFIC Bank Academy – the oldest institution in the private sector – was conceived of as an in-house training center to take care of the training needs of the Bank internally.
Academy is fully equipped with a professional library, modern training aids, and professional faculty. Library has about 4941 books on banking, economics, accounting, management, marketing, and other related subjects.
Main training activities consist of in-depth foundation programmes for entry level Management Trainees. Specialized training programmes in the areas like general banking, advance, foreign exchange, marketing and accounts etc. are also organized by the Academy depending on need.
During its 23 years of existence, Academy not only conducted courses, workshops and seminars as required by the Bank, but it also organized training programmes for the Bank of Maldives, Nepal Bangladesh Bank Limited and Oman International Exchange LLC. In addition, Academy has also the credit of organizing system of Bank of Maldives.
In addition to conducting courses internally, The Academy also selects candidates for nomination to various courses conducted by distinguished training organizations in the country including BangladeshBankTrainingAcademy and Bangladesh Institute of Bank Management.
Key Function of the IFIC Bank
Like other commercial Banks IFIC Bank performs all traditional Banking business including of wide range of credit products, retail Banking and professional management. But the IFIC Bank of Bangladesh Ltd emphasizes its functions in financing of Investment oriented industries will enhance wealth, quotes more employment’s opportunities, helps formation of capital, and reduce in the balance in the balance of payment of the country.
It has another function like Receiving Deposit, Granting Loan, and Creation of Deposit by Loan, Transfer of Money, Discounting of Bill of Exchange, Export, and Import, Bill Collection (Electric Bill, Telephone Bill, and Gas Bill etc).
Overview of Foreign Exchange Activities in Bangladesh
Beginning of Banking in Bangladesh:
After independence the Government of Peoples Republic of Bangladesh was formally to cover the charge of the administration of the territory now constitute Bangladesh. In an attempt to rehabilitate the war-devastated banking of Bangladesh, the government promulgated a law called Bangladesh Bank (temporary) Order branches all over the country., 1971 (Acting President’s Order No.2 of 1971). By this Order, the State Bank of Pakistan was declared to be deemed as Bangladesh Bank and offices, branches and assets of said State Bank was declared to be deemed as offices, branches, and assets of Bangladesh Bank. On that date there existed 14 scheduled banks with about 3042
On the 16th December 1971, there existed the following 12 banks in Bangladesh, namely:
- National Bank of Pakistan
- Bank Bahawalpur Ltd.
- Premier Bank Ltd.
- Habib Bank Ltd.
- Commerce Bank Ltd.
- United Bank Ltd.
- Union Bank Ltd.
- Muslim Commercial Bank Ltd.
- Standard Bank Ltd.
- Australasia Bank Ltd.
- Eastern Mercantile Bank Ltd.
- Eastern Banking Corporation Ltd.
Nationalization of Banks in Bangladesh:
Immediately after the Government of Bangladesh consolidated its authority it decided to adopt socialist pattern of society as its goals. Hence in order to implement the above mentioned state policy; the Government of Bangladesh decides to nationalize all the banks of the country accordingly on the 26th March, 1972, Bangladesh Banks (Nationalization) Order, 1972(President Order No. 26 of 1972) was promulgated.
The undertakings of existing banks specified in the 1st column of the table below stands transferred to and vested in, the new banks mentioned in the 2nd column of the said table:-
Table 3.1: Nationalization of Banks
Banking System in Bangladesh:
Bangladesh inherited its banking structure from the British regime and had 44 banks and other financial institutions before the partition of India in 1947. Till liberation of Bangladesh all banks were privately owned and thus the benefits / facilities of banking were enjoyed by only a small elite group of persons and the banks in private sector played a traditional role without fulfilling socio-economic objectives of a welfare state.
The Dhaka bank established in 1806 was the first commercial bank in the Bangladesh region of British India. Bangal bank, the first british-partionized modern bank established in India in 1784, had opened its two branches in 1873 in Sirajganj and Chittagong of Bangladesh region. Later in 1862, the Bengal Bank purchased the Dhaka Bank and opened its first branch in Dhaka in the same year by reconstituting and merging the Dhaka Bank. Thereafter, another branch of Bengal Bank was opened in Chandpur in 1900. A number of
other branches of Bengal Bank were opened in this region and some branches had been closed in course of time. There were six other branches of Bengal Bank in operation in the territory of Bangladesh until the partition of British-India in 1947 and these branches were at Chittagong (1906), Mymensing (1922), Rangpur (1923), Chandpur (1924) and Narayanganj (1926).
Following the emergence of Pakistan in 1947, State Bank of Pakistan, the Central Bank of the country, came into being in July 1948. Later, the National Bank of Pakistan, a strong commercial bank was set up in 1949. In all, 36 scheduled commercial banks were in operation in the whole Pakistan until 1971.
Pakistanis owned most of these banks and only three of them namely, National Bank of Pakistan, Habib Bank Ltd. And the Australasian Bank Ltd. Had one branch of each in East Pakistan in 1949. During 1950-58, three other Pakistani-owned banks, Premier Bank Ltd., Bank of Bhowalpur Ltd. And Muslim Commercial Bank had opened their branch in East Pakistan. Four Pakistani-owned banks, the United Bank Ltd., Union Bank Ltd., Standard Bank Ltd. And the Commerce Bank Ltd.
Conducted banking business in the province during 1959-1965. But all of them had their headquarters in West Pakistan. East Pakistan had only two banks owned by local business groups with headquarters in Dhaka. These were the Eastern Mercantile Bank Ltd. (presently Pubali Bank Ltd.) and Easter Banking Corporation Ltd. (presently Uttara Bank Ltd.) established in 1959 and 1965 respectively.
In the decade of seventies, in an atmosphere of fully regulated banking, the nationalized Commercial banks played the active role in intermediation and allocation of credit along With the specialized financial institutions. In the beginning of 1971, there were 1130 branches of 12 banks in operation in East Pakistan. The foundation of independent banking system in Bangladesh was laid through the establishment of the Bangladesh Bank in 1972 by the Presidential Order No. 127 of 1972 (which took effect on 16th December, 1971).Through the Order, the eastern branch of the former State Bank of Pakistan at Dhaka was renamed as the Bangladesh Bank as a full-fledged office of the
Central Bank of Bangladesh and the entire undertaking of the State Bank of Pakistan in, and in relation to Bangladesh has been delivered to the bank The main objectives of nationalization of banks was to ensure that the banking system serves a much wider section of the community by dispensing credit to the poorest and the weaker section of the society and also to remove the regional disparities and help in development of backward areas and serve better the needs of development of the economy in conformity with national policy and objectives formulated by the Government
Table: – Banking system structure (end of 2005)
|Bank type||Number of banks||Number of branches||Net assets (billion Taka)||% of industry assets||Deposits (billion Taka)||% of industry deposits|
Privatization of Banks in Bangladesh:
Until the early 1980’s the Government owned, controlled, and directed Bangladesh’s financial systems with the objective of allocating funds to priority sectors. In 1983 the Government began to reform the financial sector interest rates on deposits were raised to provide a positive real return in deposits. Private Banks were allowed to enter, two NCBs were denationalized, and another nationalized bank was converted into a limited liability company and partially privatized
After the amendment in the nationalizing law, the Pubali Bank, the Uttara Bank, and the Rupali Bank have been transferred to the private sector. These banks have now been re-designated respectively as Pubali Bank Ltd, Uttara Bank Ltd, and the Rupali Bank Ltd. Further in order to accommodate private sector share in Bangladesh Shilpa Bank, suitable amendments have been made in the Bangladesh Shilpa Bank Order 1972 (Presidents Order No. 129 of 1972). It is expected that the bank will formally get listed in the private sector in the near future. Recognizing the need to reform the financial sector, the Bangladesh Government appointed a National Commission on Money, Banking and credit to undertake a major study of the financial sector in late 1984. The Commission made its recommendations for financial sector reform in 1986.
Banking Operations in Bangladesh:
The development process of a country largely depends upon its economic activities. Banking is a powerful medium among other spheres of modern socio-economic activities for bringing about socio-economic changes in a developing country like Bangladesh. Three different sectors like Agriculture, commerce, and industry provide the bulk of a country’s wealth. The nourishment of these three is only possible through an adequate banking facility. The banking service facilitates these three to be integrated in a concerted way. For a rapid economic growth a fully developed banking system can provide the necessary boost. The whole economy of a country is linked up with its banking system. With the passage of time the functions of the bank has got a multi-dimensional configuration. Of all the functions of a modern bank, lending is by far the most important. They provide both short-term and long-term credit. The customers come from all walks of life, from a small business a multi-national corporation having its business activities all around the world. The banks have to satisfy the requirements of different customers belonging to different social groups. The banking business has, therefore, become complex and requires specialized skills. They function as catalytic agent for bringing about economic, industrial, and agricultural growth and prosperity of the country. The banking can, therefore, be conceived as “a sector of Economy on the one hand and as a lubricant for the whole economy on the other.” As a result different types of banks have come into existence to suit the specific requirements. Regardless of the numbers of banks and nature of their functions and activities, a central bank exists to regulate the activities of other banks. All the commercial private and/or nationalized, and specialized banks perform service related activities within the jurisdiction of the central bank. In our country, Bangladesh the role of the central bank is entitled to be executed by Bangladesh Bank
As different banks are in the field to satisfy the customers of different requirement, we can classify the banks using a diagram that is replicated in the following page.
Some words used in abbreviated form in the following diagram require explanation.
1. BKB = Bangladesh Krishi Bank
2. RAKUB = Rajshahi Krishi Unnayan Bank
3. BSB = Bangladesh Shilpa Bank
4. BSRS = Bangladesh Shilpa Rin Shangstha
5. BASIC = Bank of Small Industries and Commerce, Bangladesh Ltd
Banking in Bangladesh:
Banking is the backbone of national economy. All sorts of economic and financial activities revolve round the axis of the bank. As the industry produces goods and commodities, so does the bank creates and controls money-market and promotes formation of capital. From this point of view, banking-a technical profession- can be termed as industry. Services to its customers are the products of banking industry besides being a pivotal factor in promoting capital formation in the country. As all economic and fiscal activities revolve round this important ‘Industry’, the role of banking can hardly be over emphasized. Circumstances being such, it becomes imperative to find out the role that now playing in the country and analyze its operational aspects so as to ascertain the importance of this delicate financial sector and its over all impact on our national economy. To ascertain the role of banks and to analyze its operational aspects and its overall impact on our national economy a through study as to its distribution, expansion and contribution is essential to comprehend its past, present and future bearings for the growth and development of the banking sector of the country. In the global context, the role of banks is far – reaching and more penetrating in the economic and fiscal discipline, trade, commerce, industry, export and import- all carried through the bank. Banks are the only media through which international trade and commerce emanate and entire credit transactions, both national and international.
Concept about Foreign Exchange:
Foreign Exchange means all types of foreign currency, securities, foreign bill, foreign check, foreign documents etc. A hale reserve position of foreign exchange is important for smoothing business. Bangladesh is an import-based country i.e. the number of imports of amenities is higher than the number of exports. The payment must occur in foreign currency. Exporters exchange foreign currencies with taka from the Bangladesh Bank. Therefore, Bangladesh Bank has to enough money for paying the imported goods. If otherwise the exporters will not export amenities to the importers because they believe the importers are not capable for payment of their goods. As a result the country will face famine that has a great impact on the economy. The economy may dormant and the society will suffer disorder.
Today’s world economic is totally dependent on the exports or import and the volume of the international transaction has grown enormously. Similarly, annual capital flows occur among the nations worldwide. So the international trade and investment of this magnitude would be possible because of availability of foreign currencies. Foreign exchange market makes it easy to accumulate foreign currencies at requires. The trading of foreign currencies takes place in foreign exchange market whose primary function is to facilitate international trade and investment.
Most of the currency transactions are channeled through the worldwide inter-bank market, in which major bank trade with each another. Trading is generally done by the SWIFT (Society for Worldwide Inter-bank Financial Telecommunication) system. It is software of communication network that electronically links all international banks. Foreign exchange traders in each bank usually operate out of a separate foreign exchange trading room. Reuters monitor displaying up to the minute information and a computer with Internet connection surrounds each trader. In April 1992 Reuters, the news company supplies the foreign exchange market with the screen quotations used in internet trading introduce a new service, Dealing 2000-Phase 2. These services add automatic execution to the package, there by creating a genuine screen based market.
These electronic trading systems offer automated matching. Trading can enter buy and sell orders directly into there terminals on an anonymous basis and that price will visible to all market participants anywhere in the world and can execute a trade by simply hitting buttons. The foreign exchange market is not a physical place; rather it is an electronically linked network of banks whose functions are to bring together the buyers and sellers of foreign currencies.
There are Three Types of Market–
a) Spot Market in where currencies are traded for immediate delivery, which is actually with in two business days after the transaction has been concluded.
b) Forward Market in where contracts are made to buy or sell for future delivery.
c) Swap which involve a package of spot and forward contract.
Foreign Exchange any transaction in the foreign perspective needs foreign exchanges (currencies, bill, securities, check, draft etc). Foreign Exchange means convert the local currency into the foreign currencies for put an end to export essential goods and amenities or investment i.e.-local currency is exchanged with foreign currencies.
Determination of Exchange Rate:
The exchange rate is one of the most important prices in a country because it links the domestic economy and the rest of world economy. It affects relative national competitiveness. An exchange rate is simply the price of one national currency in term of another. Generally foreign currency is exchanged at a determined rate. Exchange rate determined by the market-clearing prices that equilibrate supplies and demand in foreign exchange market. The demand for the Taka, Bangladeshi currency, in the foreign exchange market derives from the American demands for Bangladeshi goods and services and taka denominated financial assets. Bangladeshi prices are set in taka, so in order for Americans to pay for their Bangladeshi purchases they must first exchange their dollars for taka. That is, they will demand taka.
An increase in the taka’s dollar value is equivalent to an increase in the dollar price of Bangladeshi’s products. This higher dollar price normally will reduce the US demand for Bangladeshi goods, services, and assets. Conversely, as the dollar value of the Taka’s falls, Americans will demand more taka to buy the less expensive Bangladeshi products, resulting in a downward-sloping demand curve for taka. As the dollar cost of the taka falls, Americans will tend to buy more Bangladeshi goods and so will demand more Taka.
Similarly, the supply of taka is based on Bangladeshi demand for US goods and services and dollar denominated financial assets. In order for Bangladesh took pay for their US purchases, they must first acquire dollars. As the dollar value of the taka increases, thereby lowering the taka cost of US goods, the increased Bangladeshi demand for US goods will cost an increase in the Bangladeshi demand for dollars and, hence, an increase in the amount of taka supplied.
Suppose that the supply of dollars increases relative to its demand. This excess growth in the money supply will cause inflation in the USA, which means that US prices will begin to rise relative to the prices of Bangladeshi goods and services. Bangladeshi consumers are likely to buy fewer US products and begin switching to Bangladeshi substitutes, leading to a decrease in the amount of taka supplied at every exchange rate.
Foreign Exchange Reserve Functions:
Bangladesh Bank Foreign Exchange Departments make foreign exchange reserve from several sources, which are-
1. Commercial Banks have to deposit excess amount of foreign currency (above 2 millions) in the Bangladesh Bank.
2. Invest their foreign currencies in different accounts, foreign bill, and bonds etc.
3. Export of domestic goods to the foreign buyers.
4. Bangladesh by the tourist or other foreign visitors.
5. Received loan, investment, and grand from the foreign countries or international organizations.
These foreign exchange reserves are used in different purposes. These are –
1. To settle several foreign claims arising from importing goods from that country.
2. To travel foreign countries for personal interest like wandering, education, medical treatment etc.
3. To participate in the foreign trade fair, it requires foreign currencies.
Bangladesh Bank has more interest for receiving foreign currencies than paying. Bangladesh Bank encourage export our products, take education in the country, and take service in the local medical institutions. Bangladesh Bank takes some steps for controlling discharge of the foreign currencies from the country. Bangladesh Bank makes policies for receiving excess foreign currencies for traveling in the foreign countries with several purposes. Bangladesh Bank also monitors the exporters’ banks that they receive equivalent amount of foreign currencies from the foreign importers.
Bangladesh Bank takes some decisions of foreign currencies for stable our economy. Some central banks prefer an overvalued domestic currency whereas other will prefer an undervalued currency. But Bangladesh Bank feels rate set by the market supply and demand can be the better judge for exactly exchange rate. Though Bangladesh Bank has control over the exchange rate through control on the supply and demand in the market. Equipment for controlling foreign exchange market is Treasury Bills that is purchase from the government. Then the commercial banks invest their money in the Treasury bill from the auction held in the Bangladesh Bank for a short period of time. In such way BB excess money from the local market.
Regulatory Frame Works in Foreign Exchange in Bangladesh:
1. Foreign Exchange Regulation (FER) Act, 1947 (Act No. VII of 1947) enacted on 11th March, 1947 in the then British India provides the legal basis for regulating certain payments, dealings in foreign exchange and securities and the import and export of currency and bullion.
2. Basic regulations under the FER Act are issued by the Government as well as by the Bangladesh Bank in the form of Notifications, which are published in the Bangladesh
Gazette. Directions having general application are issued by the Bangladesh Bank in the form of notifications, foreign exchange circulars, and circular letters.
3. Authorized Dealers (A Ds) in foreign exchange are required to bring the foreign exchange regulations to the notice of their customers in their day-to-day dealings and to ensure compliance with the regulations by such customers. The A Ds should report to the Bangladesh Bank any attempt, direct or indirect, of evasion of the provisions of the Act, or any rules, orders or directions issued there under.
4. The A Ds must maintain adequate and proper records of all foreign exchange transactions and furnish such particulars in the prescribed returns for submission to the Bangladesh Bank.
5. All scheduled banks must publish their daily exchange rates prior to start of their daily operation and these rates must be visible in a common area for the customers.
Foreign Exchange Products in Bangladesh:
Sale or purchase a specified currency at a fixed rate for delivery after 2 working days.
Sale or purchase of a specified currency at a fixed rate for delivery for delivery on the next working day
Sale or purchase of a specified currency at a fixed rate for delivery on the same day.
Fwd (Beyond Spot):
Sale or purchase a specified currency at a fixed rate for delivery beyond 02 working days.
This is the settlement date of a transaction
-The date when actual placement of funds take place
– Nostro account gets debited or credited on the value date
-Can be a different date than the transaction date whereas funds come into or go out of the Net Open Position (NOP) after the entry is passed in HUB, NOSTRO account does not get debited or credited until the value date.
Two simulations opposite transaction with different value date. This is mainly for funding purposes.
FOREIGN EXCHANGE DEALINGS OF
IFIC BANK LTD
Foreign Exchange Operation:
Foreign Exchange means all types of foreign currency, securities, foreign bill, foreign check, foreign documents etc. A hale reserve position of foreign exchange is important for smoothing business. Bangladesh is an imported based country i.e. the number of imports of amenities is higher than the number of exports. The payment must occur in foreign currency. Exporters exchange foreign currencies with taka from the BB. Therefore, Bangladesh Bank has enough money for paying the imported goods. If otherwise the exporters will not export amenities to the importers because they believe the importers are not capable for payment of their goods. As a result the country will face famine that has a great impact on the economy. The economy may dormant and the society will suffer disorder.
Today’s world economy is totally dependent on the exports or import and the volume of the international transaction has grown enormously. Similarly, annual capital flows occur among the nations worldwide. So the international trade and investment of this magnitude would be possible because of availability of foreign currencies. Foreign exchange market makes it easy to accumulate foreign currencies at requires. The trading of foreign currencies take place in foreign exchange market whose primary function is to facilitate international trade and investment.
Some Basic Features of the Foreign Exchange Markets:
– Global Markets
– 24 hours market
– No Geographical location
– Trust and confidentiality
– Perfect market
Documents used in Foreign Exchange:
Letter of Credit (L/C):
It is the most important and commonly used in connection with foreign trade. Letter of Credit is an undertaking by a banker of the importer to the exporter, to the effect that the amount of the L/C will be duly paid. The banker on behalf of the importer issues the L/C in favor of the exporter (beneficiary) and forwards the same to the exporter to the effect that the bill drawn by him shall be duly accepted and paid. It creates confidence in the mind of the exporter so far as payment of the bill is concerned. It is also facilitate the exporter to get the benefit of discounting the bill before the date lf maturity.
Bill of Exchange:
A Bill of Exchange is an instrument in writing, containing an unconditional order, signed by the maker, directing a certain person to pay on demand or on fixed or determinable future time a certain sum of money only to or to the order of a certain person or to the bearer of the instrument. From the definition – we get the features of bill of exchange. In generally there are three parties like- Drawer The person who prepares the bill Drawee The person who is ordered for the payment in future specified time; Payee: The person who is the amount of bill receiver as per the order of the drawer to the drawee.
Bill of Lading:
A bill of lading is a document that is usually stipulated in a credit when the goods are dispatched by sea. It is evidence of a contract of carriage, is a receipt for the goods, and is a document of title to the goods. It also constitutes a document that is, or may be, needed to support an insurance claim. The detail on the bill of lading should include:
- A description of the goods in general terms not inconsistent with that in the credit.
- Identifying marks & numbers (if any).
- The name of the carrying vessel.
- Evidence that the goods have been loaded on broad.
- The ports of shipment & discharge.
- The names of shipper, consignee and name & address of notifying party.
- The number of original bills of lading issued.
- The date of issuance.
- A bill of lading specifically stating that goods are loaded for ultimate destination specifically mentioned in the credit.
Commercial Invoice:A commercial invoice is the accounting document by which the seller charges the goods to the buyer. A commercial invoice normally including the following information:
- Name & address of buyer & seller.
- Order or contract number, quantity & description of the goods, unit price, and the total price.
- Weight of the goods, number of packages and shipping marks, & number.
- Terms of delivery & payment.
- Shipment details.
- Certificate of origin of goods:
- A certificate of origin is a signed statement providing evidence of the origin of the goods.
This is usually issued by an independent inspection company located in the exporting country certifying or describing the quality, specification or other aspects of the goods, as called for in the contract and / or the letter of credit. The buyer who also indicates the type of inspection usually nominates the inspection company he /she wish the company to undertake.
- Insurance policy or Certificate.
- The insurance certificate document must.
- Be that specified in the credit.
- Cover the risks specified in the credit.
- Be consistent with the other documents in its identification of the voyage and description of the goods.
Unless Otherwise Specified In the Credit:
- Be a document issued and / or signed by an insurance company or its agent, or by underwriters.
- Be dated on or before the date of shipment as evidenced by the shipping documents or establish that cover is effective at the latest from such date of shipment.
- Be for an amount at least equal to the GIF value of the goods and in the currency of the credit.
Proforma Invoice or Indent:
This is Seller’s Quotation or agreement between seller & buyer. In this-the seller declared the rate, quantity, quality, manufacturing, & other information about goods and that accepted by buyer.
G.S.P. Certificate (Generalized System of Preference):
When tariff concession is sought from those developed countries providing preferential treatment to exporters of the developing countries, a GSP certificate should be obtained from the EPB. In GSP scheme the tariff providing country is payer country & tariff consumer or receiver country is receiver country. Up to the period there are 16 developing countries under this scheme facility. From Bangladesh export development burro the industrialists may get necessary information & practical procedure.
Other Documents are: Packing list; Master’s receipt.
Letter of Credit (L/C):
Letter of Credit is an undertaking by a banker of the importer to the exporter, to the effect that the amount of the L/C will be duly paid. The banker on behalf of the importer issues the L/C in favor of the exporter (beneficiary) and forwards the same to the exporter to the effect that the bill drawn by him shall be duly accepted and paid. It creates confidence in the mind of the exporter so far as payment of the bill is concerned. It is also facilitate the exporter to get the benefit of discounting the bill before the date lf maturity.
Parties of Letter of Credit Transaction:
- Issuing Bank: It is the buyer’s bank. The bank that agrees to the request of the applicant and issues its letter of credit in terms of the instructions of the applicant.
- Advising Bank: It is the seller’s or beneficiary’s Bank. The bank usually situated in the seller’s or beneficiary’s country (most of the time with which there exists corresponding relationship with the buyer or issuing bank), request to advice the credit to the beneficiary.
- Confirming Bank: Sometimes issuing bank request advising bank or another bank to add confirmation to the letter of credit. When that bank do this then such bank is called confirming bank. So advising bank can be act as confirming bank.
- Reimbursing Bank: This is the bank that is nominated by the issuing bank to pay (it is also known as paying bank) or to accept drafts. It can be situated in another country. In this connection it is to say that American Express Bank & Nat West Bank act as reimbursing bank in case of IFIC Bank. The account, which maintains IFIC Bank with Nat West Bank & American Express Bank, is called Nostro Account” and in rivers the account, which is maintained by Nat West Bank & American Express Bank with IFIC Bank, is called Vostro Account.
- Negotiating Bank: The bank, which makes payment to the exporter after Inspection, the documents submitted by the exporter with the original letter of credit then it is called Negotiating Bank.
- Nominated Bank: The bank that is nominated by the issuing bank to pay (nominated bank is known as paying bank) or to accept drafts (nominated bank is known as
- accepting bank) or to negotiate (nominated bank is known as negotiating bank). Usually the advising bank is request & authorized to be the nominated bank unless the credit allows negotiation by any bank.
- Seller: Beneficiary of the letter of credit is seller.
Classification of Letter of Credit:
The letter of credit can be either revocable or irrevocable. It needs to be clearly indicated whether the letter of credit Revocable or Irrevocable. When there is no indication then the letter of credit will be deemed to be a revocable L.C. The details are as follows:
- Revocable letter of credit: A revocable credit is one, which can be amended or cancelled by the issuing bank. At any moment without “prior notice” to the beneficiary. So this is clear that revocable credit can be revoked any time without prior notice.
- Irrevocable letter of credit: An irrevocable credit is one, which cannot be cancelled or amendment able any time without the consent of each party. Through this letter of credit the issuing bank gives a definite, absolute, and irrevocable undertaking to honor its obligations, provided the beneficiary complies with all the terms & conditions of the credit.
- Government letter of credit: That letter of credits, which are done by the Defense Ministry and other Ministries of the government.
- Master or mother letter of credit: The L.C. which come from out side the country to the exporter from importer that is mother or master letter of credit.
Other Classes of Letter Of Credit:
- Revolving letter of credit: When the L.C. is used again & again in same amount for a specific period of time that is called revolving letter of credit.
- Transferable letter of credit: Exporter can transfer his / her right of letter of credit in full or partly to a third party. In generally, the exporter is not the supplier but act as a middleman with in the supplier & importer.
- Back-to-Back letter of credit: The letter of credit, which done by the security of mother letter of credit.
- Clean or open letter of credit: The letter of credit, which provides assurance of payment bill of exchange without submission, of any export documents that is called clean letter of credit.
- Confirmed letter of credit: When the Irrevocable letter of credit issued by issuing bank to the exporter as assurance of the L.C. then as per advice or documents the authorized representative or representative bank’s provide assurance or payment guarantee that is confirmed letter of credit.
- At sight letter of credit: That letter of credit which expires ninety days i.e. with in this period the documents must be sending to the negotiating bank.
- Deferred payment letter of credit: That letter of credit which expires one hundred & eighty days i.e. with in this period the documents must be send to the negotiating bank.
- Contract letter of credit.
- Refinance Letter of Credit.
- Marginal Letter of Credit and Traveler’s Letter of Credit.
Classification of Letter of credit as per function:
- LC under cash
- LC under loan
- LC under grant
- LC under wage
- Back to back LC.
Commission Charges Procedure:
For first quarter:
In case of – LC under cash: 0.5%
LC under loan: 0.75%
LC under grant: 0.75%
LC under wage: 0.75%
Back-to-back LC: – Inland LC (ILC): 0.5%
Deferred payment LC (DPLC): 0.75%
Second or any next quarter:
In case of – LC under cash: 0.25%
LC under loan: 0.50
LC under grant: 0.50%
LC under wage: 0.50%
Back to back LC: – Inland LC (ILC): 0.25%
Deferred payment LC (DPLC): 0.50%
Letter of Credit in Cash:
Introduction: After getting back the LCA (Letter of Credit Authorization) Form duly registered by Bangladesh Bank. IFIC Bank Foreign exchange Corporate Branch as letter of credit opening bank can open letter of credit at the request & on the instruction of the importer.
Steps of Opening Letter of Credit:
On receiving the documents or papers from the importer the letter of credit opening bank is to perform the following functions in connection with opening the letter of credit:
- To scrutinize the documents thoroughly and to consult with import policy, Bangladesh Bank & International Division’s circular.
- To prepare an “offering sheet”. This offering sheet is nothing but a prescribed office note on which the branch manager will sanction the margin to be obtained from the importer.
- Commission of letter of credit to be calculated as 50% of the total amount, equivalent to Bangladesh currency.
- P&T charges to be realized for TK. 100 (fixed charge) if the letter of credit dispatched through Airmail. If it is a cable or telex letter of credit the P&T charges to be realized at actual.
- Foreign correspondents adjusting charges (FCC) to be realized TK. 1500 (Fixed amount).
- To make entry in “letter of credit opening register.”
- Accounting treatment to prepare vouchers in prescribed forms:
Bank’s charges voucher –
Importer’s Current Account…………………………………..Dr.
Foreign correspondents charges adjusting A/C…………….Cr.
P & T charges recovered A/C……………………..……Cr.
Importer’s current Account………………………………………… Dr.
Marginal Deposit A/C (against import L/C)…………………….Cr.
Liability Voucher—(For opening letter of credit)
Liability of constituents for acceptance A/C………………..Dr.
Acceptance for constituents A/C…………………………………..Cr.
To dispatch the letter of credit as follows:
Original Copy – To the Exporter
First Copy – Advising Bank, which in turn forward
Second Copy – Advising Bank, which in turn forward
Third copy – Reimbursing Bank
Fourth Copy – Importer
Fifth Copy – Importer
Sixth Copy – C.C.I. & E (Chief Controller of Import & Export)
Seventh to Ninth Copy – Letter of credit opening banks copy.
Required Documents for Opening Letter Of Credit:
- Proposal letter (in proposal letter it must be mentioned that – price of goods, CCI & E registration, pass book number, LCA form dully filled in signed & sealed, Import form full set, insurance policy & addendum, P.I. number).
- Application and agreement for irrevocable LC with adhesive stamp of TK.150.
- Import license
- HS. Code.
- VAT registration.
- Indenting certificate.
- Performa invoice – two copies (with in this it indicate – Performa bill no. & date, item, particulars, quality, quantity, rate, and amount of goods, total invoice value (E &O.E.)
- LCA (Letter of Credit Authorization) form for industrial consumer – four copies. (With in this – IRC number, total amount)
- Signature of Director of the firm and manager of IFIC Bank.
- IMP form – Four copies (by this the declaration of the firm’s directors)
- Money receipts of insurance policy.
- After preparing the procedure the bank provide offer in prescribed “offering sheet.”
Vouchers Issued When The Offer Letter Accepted By The Bank:
- Commission & Other Charges Vouchers
- Margin Voucher and
- Liability Voucher
Approval Certificate of Bangladesh Bank on Behalf of the Importer:
- Particulars involved in offering sheet:
- Name of the party, Sanctioned limit, Facility applied for letter of credit (amount & previous outstanding).
- Forward exchange
- Foreign bills purchased.
- Trust receipts.
- Clean packing credits.
- Advance against imported goods.
- Goods particulars
- Import license
- Margin already at credit.
- Margin to be obtained.
- Guaranteed by.
- Balance of current account.
- Average Balance of bank account.
- Net worth of the firm.
- Customs duty.
- Country of export.
Procedure for Opening Letter of Credit:
After completion of the previous particulars, then the party take money and bank give letter of credit to the party by checking the declared particulars of the party. Then one copy sends to the Beneficiary / Negotiating bank. The beneficiary bank sends the document to exporter. The exporter & Beneficiary bank for shipment the goods. Then the beneficiary bank sends back to the letter of credit opening bank.
The LC opening bank scrutinizes the documents and sends to the importer. When the importer accepts the documents then LC opening bank do lodgment (it is the payment procedure in lodgment voucher).
Then the accounting treatment is:
PAD account ………………………………Dr.
IFIC Bank General A/c………………………..Cr.
Then the importer applies for endorsement as well as retirement. For retirement accounting treatment in retirement voucher is:
Importer or party’s account……………Dr.
P&T charges Account…………………………Cr.
Cost of Stationary Account…………………Cr.
Then the opening liability reversed by credit in liability voucher (FEF – 20 internal vouchers). Then the documents endorsed by the LC opening bank and send to the importer. The party goes for customs clearing. After clearing the importer submit the customs “Bill of entry” certificate with in four months to the LC opening bank. The LC opening bank matching the documents and report to the Bangladesh Bank within the month of retirement of LC. Then the letter of credit is fully closed.
Justification for Fitness of Opening Letter of Credit:
- Application from importer.
- Bio-data of the applicant.
- Current account opened by the applicant in the branch.
- Supplier’s acceptance & rate of goods.
- Is it a brand item or not?
- Contract on prescribed form of bank
- Performa invoice from supplier.
Export Financing Sectors of IFIC Bank:
Export financing can play a vital role in the development process of Bangladesh. With earning on export we can meet our import bills. The export trade is always encouraged because the major portion of foreign exchange earning is derived from export. Because of shortage of adequate capital exporters have to come in contact with commercial bank and financial institution to get finance from them. IFIC bank as a commercial bank provides certain facilities to the exporters to boost up export earnings.
The Traditional & Non-Traditional Sectors in Which IFIC Bank Provides Export-Financing Facilities are as Follows:
- Ready Made Garments In All Sorts.
- Jute Manufactures.
- Jute – Raw & Meshta.
- Fish & Prawns.
- Hides, Skins & Leather.
- Fertilizer etc.
Export Financing System of IFIC Bank:
Bangladesh as a developing country depends mainly on foreign exchange earning for its development activities. The major portion of foreign exchange earnings is derived from export obviously, to boost export, government provide certain incentives to the exporters namely:
- Export Financing
- Development Financing
- Export Credit Guarantee Scheme
- Export Performance Benefits
- Duty Draw Back
- Rebate on Duty & Tax
- Income Tax Rebate
- Insurance Premium Rebate etc.
Pre-Shipment & Post-Shipment:
In IFIC Bank export finance is required by the exports at two stages namely
Pre-shipment & Post-shipment stages:
It is required to purchase of raw materials, to meet cost of production, procurement of exportable goods, packing, transport, payment of insurance premium, inspection fee, freight charges, ware housing etc.
It is required by the exporters after actual shipment of goods in order to bridge the period between shipment of the goods and receipts of sales proceeds from abroad.
An exporter owns resource may not be adequate to meet all such expenses. So he / she have to come in contact with commercial bank and financial institutions to get finance from them. As a commercial bank IFIC Bank provides credits to exporters at a consideration rate of interest as an export promotion measure as per government directive.
Pre-Shipment Financing in Foreign Exchange:
The classes of pre-shipment financing extended to the exporters by the IFIC Bank are as follows:
This facility is generally extended when the goods become ready for shipment for a very short period usually from the date of dispatch of the stock from the godown (Store Room) up to the date of actual shipment of the goods that is for the transit period of shipment for further purchase of raw materials or procurement of exportable goods by exporter.
Back To Back Letter of Credit:
Pre-shipment facilities are also credited in the form of back- to-back letter of credit. When the beneficiary of an export letter of credit is not the actual manufacturer or producer of exportable goods mentioned in the relative export letter of credit as securities with his / her banker for procurement of exportable goods to enable him /her to execute the export letter of credit and such letter of credit is called inland back to back letter of credit.
Precautions Used By IFIC Bank To Sanction Pre-Shipment Credit:
- Before making lien on the original export letter of credit all the terms and conditions should be scrutinized so that no detrimental clauses including violation of foreign exchange regulation and UPCDC terms are included there in.
- Expiry date of letter of credit should be properly recorded in the book and no drawing is to be allowed against expired letter of credit.
- The credit worthiness or solvency of the foreign buyer as well as the exporters must be ascertained before hand.
- In case of mortgage of properties as collateral securities, the bank by engaging lawyer together with valuation certificate from proper authority must scrutinize the relative documents.
- The exporter should arrange forward sale of foreign exchange loss at the time of negotiation of export documents.
- In case of packing credit, the export letter of credit and relative documents have to submit in, such a way that the bank may not face any problem in negotiation of shipping documents in due course.
- To dispatch goods for shipment to post under packing credit the bank must verify the shipping mark on the each packet or cartoon and the relative invoice.
Post Shipment Financing in Foreign Exchange:
Post shipment financing refers to the credit facilities extended to the exporters by IFIC Bank after actual shipment of the goods against export documents. IFIC Bank generally finance
the exporters at post shipment stage after verifying the credit worthiness and export performances of the exporters as well as the reputation and financial soundness of the foreign buyers provided the shipping documents are drawn strictly in accordance with letter of credit terms and in accordance with foreign exchange regulation in force. Post shipment financing is extended to the exporters by the following terms:
- Negotiation of export documents under letter of credit.
- Discounting of export bills.
- Purchase of uses bills
- port Documents under Letter Of Credit
Most important and widely used method of financing export at post-shipment stage is negotiation of export documents. After the shipment of the goods the exporter generally submits the following documents to the bank for negotiation:
- Bill of exchange.
- Bill of lading or air way bill.
- Commercial invoice – eight copies within these four original copies.
- Custom invoice of importer’s country.
- Certificate of origin-original copy.
- Packing list – eight copies within these four original copies.
- Weight certificate.
- Declaration of shipment to the insurance company.
- Pre-shipment inspection certificate.
- Quality control certificate when required.
- Acknowledgement letter indicating received sample / approval letter.
- Frightful letter.
- Any other document if called for letter of credit.
Purchase of Uses Bills Drawn on D.A. Basis:
Sometimes export letter of credit stipulates payment at 30 to 40 months; the period is called askance period. The bills drawn under this letter of credit is termed as askance bill. On presentation of documents foreign buyers give written acceptance on the bill of exchange to pay after the askance period. In dealing such documents the banker must take proper pre-caution to realize the proceeds in time.
Discounting Of Export Bills:
When the export bills are not drawn under letter of credit or the goods send on consignment basis, the exporter may approach the bank for discounting the export bills on commission basis. Bank generally does not accept such proposal excepting on exceptional cases. If the exporters have very good credit worthiness and previous good export performance and foreign buyers have also good report & good reputation for past transaction.
The customer, now issued by the authorized dealers, must declare all export of which the requirement of declaration of exchange control manual of Bangladesh Bank applies on the Export Forms.
Disposal of Export Forms:
Origin : From custom authority to Bangladesh Bank (ECD) after shipment goods.
Duplicate : From negotiating bank to Bangladesh Bank after negotiation.
Triplicate : From negotiating bank to Bangladesh Bank after realization of the proceeds of the export bill.
Quadruplicate: Retained by the negotiating bank as office copy.
Export Development Fund:
The main objective of creating an export development fund at the Bangladesh Bank is to assure a continued availability of foreign exchange to meet the import requirement of non-traditional manufactured items, this facility is available to the non-traditional exporters, particularly newer exporters, exporters diversify into higher value export, and exporters diversify into new markets. An exporter identified above is eligible on the basis of the conditionally stated below: –
- One must be an exporter of non-traditional manufacturing items.
- The value added of these products could be 20% except in the case of garments where it has to be 30% & above.
- The loan should be utilized in the case of importing raw materials for manufacturing the exportable products.
- The exporter must have an export letter of credit.
- One must create a back-to-back for importing raw materials.
- The period of loan is 180 days.
Inspection of Export Document:
After the shipment of goods the exporters submit export documents to authorized dealer for negotiation of the same. As bankers deal with documents only, not with commodity they are required to be very much careful about the genuineness and correctness of the documents evidencing shipment of the respective commodities. The bankers are to ascertain that the documents are strictly as per the terms of letter of credit. Before negotiation of the export bill, the bankers are to scrutinize and examine each & every document with great care. Negligence in the part of the bankers may result in non-repatriation or delay in realization of proceeds as incorrect documents may put the importers abroad into unnecessary troubles. The Inspection procedure is as follows:
Inspection of Draft:
- The draft should be drawn by the party indicated as the beneficiary of the credit i.e. the exporter; drawee must be in accordance with the terms of the credit.
- The tenor and amount of the draft be in conformity with the credit terms.
- The bill of exchange should be properly stamped if necessary with the requisite value and the cost must be recovered from the drawers unless it is provided otherwise in the letter of credit.
- The draft or bill must bear the correct date and must be drawn or endorsed to the order of the bank.
- The drawer’s signature must be verified.
Inspection of Invoice:
- The physical description of the goods i.e. price, quantity, quality, markings etc. in the invoice must correspond with the specifications in the credit.
- If the credit stipulates a consular invoice, the requisite invoice should be furnished.
- All copies must be signed and certified as correct shipper.
- If the credit stipulate for any other particulars to be stated in the invoice these must complied with. It should not include charges such as postage; cable etc. unless specifically authorized under the credit.
Inspection of Shipping Bill:
- The bill of lading should be a full set clean on board ocean bill of lading, unless the credit stipulates otherwise. ‘Received for shipment’ bills of lading must not be accepted unless permitted by the credit.
- It must agree with the invoice as regards quantity and description of goods as well as in respect of ports of shipment and destination.
- The bill of lading must also indicate where it is ‘freight paid’ (C & F, GIF) or freight payable at destination (FOB transaction).
- Transshipment and port shipment clauses in the shipping bill should be in accordance with credit terms and the provisions of the uniform custom and practice.
- Credit frequently stipulates for shipment not letter than a specified date. Bill of lading must be examined to ensure that these are dated not later than the date mentioned.
- Must be properly signed by or behalf of the carries, must be properly stamped
and must be endorsed, expect when the relative credit stipulate for bill of lading to order of a named firm.
- Dock shipment not permitted unless specifically authorized and covers by insurance.
- Bill of lading must not be a stale one.
Inspection of Insurance:
- Where insurance is to be effected by the beneficiary for GIF consignment, the policy accompanying the documents should be examined to ensure:
- That the insurance covers the merchandise for the value stipulated in the credit.
- That the document is of the class stipulated in the credit.
- That the insurance documents describe the merchandise covered and mention the name of the carrying steamer. In case where ‘on board’ bill of lading are not presented the following clause or words of similar indent must follow the name of the steamer’ and / or ‘following steamer’.
- That all risk stipulate in the credit is properly covered in the insurance documents. When the credit stipulates that ‘all risk’ are be covered, it is not sufficient that various risks are mentioned but a clause to the credit that ‘all risk’ are covered, is required.
- That the policy is in the name of the bank and the importer.
- That the party designed in the documents to perform such act properly countersigns the insurance document.
- That the insurance document complies with the conditions of the letter of credit is in negotiable form that it is endorsed by the party to when the loss payable, unless the credit stipulates that the insurance must be issued ‘loss payable to a specified party in the country of destination’.
- That the date appearing on the Insurance document is not later than the date appearing on the bill of lading.
- That the insurance document covers transshipment when the bill of lading indicates that transshipment would take place.
- That the insurance claims are payable at the port of destination, that insurance certificate / policy acknowledges the payment of the premium.
Inspection of other Documents:
The other documents i.e. certificate of origin, packing list, weight / measurement certificate, inspection certificate, survey report, quality control certificate etc. should be issued or signed by the proper authorized and description of ‘export – order’ given in these documents not be in contradiction to the credit terms.
Risk of Export Financing:
In the trade – there are so many risk factors involved. In banking sector – the bank face risk basically from loans & advances and foreign exchange. In this section I discuss the risk of Export Financing.
While there are many advantages to exporting it is not without risk. In deed there are often factors present in international market, which make foreign exchange substantially more risky than domestic ones, including the credit risk of non-payment or non-acceptance of the merchandise by the buyer. For international sales, these risks are far more pronounced than they are domestically.
For these reasons IFIC Bank also accompanied with elements of uncertainty some which are as follows:
- Insolvency of overseas buyer, which result in non-realization of export proceeds.
- Failure of the buyer to retire credit already accepted by him / her in case of askance bill within stipulated period.
- Willful negligence of the importer to accept of pay bill or to accept goods for no fault of the exporter.
- Sudden out break of war revolution or civil disobedience in buyer’s country.
- Imposition of restrictions on remittance on any government action in the buyer’s country which may block or delay payment.
- Imposition of trade embargo or blockade against any country.
- New import restriction on the buyer or cancellation of the license.
- Additional handling transport or insurance charges due to interruption or
diversion of voyage, which cannot be recovered from buyer.
- Bankrupt or closure of a bank or stoppage of operation of a bank may hamper repatriation of exports proceeds of letters of credit opened by such a bank.
- Any other cause of loss occurring outside the exporter’s country beyond the control of importer or exporter.
Often credit information on the importer is not available or at best sketchy because buyers and sellers live in different socio-economic & political environment. It is much harder to judge the financial strength, reputation, integrity of a buyer who is thousands of miles away and belongs to a different culture. Moreover, many importers may have good reputation in their own environment based on local value system; they may – never the less engage in some surprising business practices when judged by a different set of standard.
Pre-Shipment Export Credit Risk:
- Pre-shipment export credit risk involves the following additional risks:
- There may be diversion of fund because of low interest rate.
- Uncertainties relating to non-availability of new materials may hamper processing of exportable products.
- The exporter may not be able to make shipment within the stipulated time due to power failure, strike, natural calamites etc.
- The materials under back-to-back letter of credit may not reach well in time to allow the exporter to process goods within the expiry date of original export letter of credit.
All over the world there is no country, which can meet its requirements from its own sources. Some imports raw materials, some finished goods & some food products or other commodities. As it is in export & import are invariably conducted through commercial banks. IFIC Bank is engaged to extend the facilities to the importers.
After getting the completed registration, application for opening letter of credit is made through a bank where applicant has a current account. An importer is required to fill up import application form & letter of credit authorization form & importer has to deposit margin money to the bank from 10% to 40% of the import value, depending on the credibility of the importer.
After the letter of credit is established the exporter after executing the export, submits the negotiable document through its bankers and in terms of exporter’s bank submit the documents to the corresponding bank of the importer’s bank in the country. If the documents are found correctly fulfilling all the terms & conditions stipulated in the letter of credit the corresponding bank of import’s bank will realize payment that will debited to the importer’s account. In banking term this is known as LATR and the importer has to pay the LATR amount in 90 days with the bank interest rate.
Import Financing Sectors of IFIC Bank:
- IFIC Bank is the major financer of import business in our country. In extend credit, grant and other facilities SB finance to the following sectors:
- Machinery & transport equipment.
- Petroleum & petroleum products
- Textile, yarn, fabrics, article & related products
- Iron & steels
- Cereal & cereal preparations
- Dairy products & eggs
- Other including loans & grants.
Import Financing System of IFIC Bank:
- Registration of import
- Income tax registration certificate
- Partnership deed in the cases of partnership concern
- Certificate of registration with the register of joint stock companies
- Articles & Memorandum of association in the case of limited companies.
- Nationality certificate & Bank certificate
- Ownership documents in place of business
- Trade license from the relevant authority.
- Survey clearance from the relevant authority
- Other documents prescribed in the import policy.
Import Registration Certificate (IRC):
In case of import IRC is the first necessity for the importer. The IRC is not required for import goods by government departments, Local authorities, statutory bodies, recognized educational institutes, Hospitals. In addition registration is not required for import goods, which do not involved remittance of foreign exchange like -medicine, reading materials etc. can be imported without IRC by the users within monetary limit.
Procedure for Obtaining IRC:
For IRC the interested person / firm’s submit the application along with the following documents directly to the Chief controller of Import & Export respective zonal office (CCI&E):
- Income tax registration certificate.
- Nationality certificate.
- Certificate from chamber of commerce & industry registered trade association.
- Bank solvency certificate. .
- Copy of trade license.
- Any other document if required by CCI&E.
On receiving application the respective CCI&E office will scrutinize the documents, conduct physical verification, and issue demand note to the prospective importers to furnish the following documents through their nominated bank:
- Original copy of treasury deposited as IRC fees.
- Assets certificate.
- Affidavit from 1s‘class magistrate.
- Rent Receipts.
- Two passport size photograph.
- Partnership deed in case of partnership firms.
- Certificate of registration
- Memorandum & Articles of association in case of limited company.
After securitization and verification the nominated bank will forward the same to the respective CCI&E office with forwarding schedule in duplicate through banks representative. CCI & E then issues import registration certificate to the applicant.
- Imports & Exports (control) Act 1950 regulates the import & export trade of the country. There are a number of formalities, which on ‘importer has to fulfill before import goods. The importer follows the following steps:
- The buyer & the seller conclude a sales contract provided for payment by documentary credit.
- The buyer instructs his / her bank i.e. issuing bank to issue a credit in favor of the seller i.e. beneficiary.
- The issuing bank asks another bank usually in the country of the seller, the advice or confirms the credit.
- The advising or confirming bank informs the seller that the credit has been issued.
- As soon as the seller receives the credit and is satisfied that he / she can meet its terms & conditions, he, / she are in a position to load the goods & dispatch them.
- The seller then sends the documents evidencing the shipment to the bank where the credit is available i.e. the nominated bank. This may be the issuing bank, or the confirming bank, bank named in the credit as the paying, accepting or negotiating bank.
- The bank if other than the issuing bank, sends the documents to the issuing bank,
- The issuing bank checks the documents and if they meet the credit requirement either
- Affect payment in accordance with the terms of the credit either to the seller if s/he has sent the documents directly to the issuing bank or to the bank that has made funds available to him/her in anticipation. Or
- Reimburses in the pre-agreed manner the confirming bank or any bank that has paid, accepted, or negotiated under the credit.
- The bank checks the documents against the credit. If the documents meet the requirements of the credit, the bank then pay, accept or negotiate accordingly to, terms of credit. In case of a credit available by negotiation, issuing bank or the confirming bank will negotiate with recourse; another bank including the advising bank has not confirmed the credit, which negotiates will with recourse.
- When the documents have been checked by the issuing bank and found to meet the credit requirements, they are released to the buyer upon payment of the amount due or upon other terms agreed between importer & the issuing bank.
- The buyer sends transport documents to the carrier who will then proceed to deliver the goods.
The import bills consist of the following documents & the order of their Inspection should be as below:
- Forwarding Schedule of Negotiating Bank.
- Bill of Exchange.
- Bill of Lading
- Insurance Documents
- Certificate of Origin
- Any other Documents.
- Intimation should be given to the party in time.
- Conversion of foreign currency in to Bangladesh Currency.
- Entry in PAD (payment against document) register
- Entry in Letter of Credit opening register by rounding the letter of credit number with date.
- Scrutinize the shipping documents meticulously.
- Inform the importer to deposit balance amount of letter of credit and to release the necessary documents.
- Enter the shipping documents in inward foreign bills register.
Import Bills Retirement:
a) Banker will prepare & pass retirement vouchers.
b) Importer will deposit the claim amount.
c) Certifying Invoices.
d) Passing & prepare the vouchers.
e) Entry in the register.
- Endorsement in the Bill of Exchange and Transport documents i.e. Bill of Lading; A. W.B.; T.R. etc.
- Accounting treatment of voucher passing:
Parry’s A/C …………………………Dr.
Margin on import A/C. …………….Dr.
I.A. Interest & other charges A/C… … .Cr.
- At the end of the total procedure, taking the retirement of import bills or clearing certificate from the bank, the importer will clear the goods from the port through the clearing & forwarding agent.
- On the other hand, completing the above all steps the issuing bank will prepare “foreign exchange transaction schedule” and send one copy to international division of Head Office and another one copy to reconciliation.
In the trade – there are so many risk factors involved. In banking sector – the bank face risk basically from loans & advances and foreign exchange. In this section I discuss the risk of import financing.
In international trade transaction takes place between buyers and sellers living in different socio-economic and political environments. There may be abrupt changes in socio-economic or political situation in the buyer’s country or in the seller’s country. Even the exchange value of currencies of the two countries had gone so much down that they were not acceptable or exchangeable in international market. More over the importer or the exporter may not be able to comply with the terms of credit for some reasons. Therefore, risk inherent in all credits. The bank has to consider following risk in financing the import procedure:-
Violation of the requirement of letter of credit authorization or letter of credit:
- Shipment effected before authentication of the letter of credit authorization from by the nominated bank and registration with the Bangladesh bank, whenever necessary and before opening of letter of credit or after expiry of the validity of the letter of credit authorization or letter of credit shall be treated as import in contravention of this order. Letter of credit authorization obtained in the basis of false or incorrect particulars or by adopting any fraudulent means shall be treated as invalid and void.
- Import against indent and Performa invoice: Letter of credit may be opened against and indent issued by a local registered indenter or against a Performa invoice issued by a foreign manufacturer or seller or supplier.
In addition to the credit and commercial risk we have outlined, international transaction such as import financing take on the whole new dimensions of political risk. They are as follows:
- Sudden outbreak of war, revolution, coups, or civil disobedience in the seller’s country.
- Imposition of restriction on remittance.
- Imposition of trade embargo or blockade.
- New import restriction on the buyer or cancellation of the license.
- Additional handing transport or issuance charges due to interruption or diversion of voyage, which can’t be recovered from the buyer.
There may be informational risk inherent in import financing on the importer because of shortage of required information. So it is much harder to judge the financial strength, reputation, and integrity of a seller or buyer who is thousands of miles away and belongs to a different culture.
Remittance is the sending of money etc. to a distance. Foreign remittance is the sums of foreign currency to a distance from one place another place i.e. country to country. The person who is the receiver of the remittance is remittee. The person who is the sender of the remittance is remitter or remiitor. There are two types of foreign remittance, which are as below:
- Foreign Inward Remittance
- Foreign Outward Remittance
Foreign Inward Remittances:
The remittance of freely convertible foreign currencies which IFIC Bank Foreign Exchange Corporate branch is receiving from abroad against which the authorized dealers making payment in local currency to the beneficiaries may be termed as foreign inward remittance.
Mode of Inward Remittances
The term inward remittances includes not only remittances by TT., MT., Drafts etc. but also purchases of bills, purchases of drafts under travelers letter of credit and purchases of travelers cheques. Foreign currency notes against which payment is made to the beneficiary also a part of inward remittances. Thus the following are the Mode of inward remittances:
- TT: Telegraphic Transfer.
- MT.: Mail Transfer.
- FD: Foreign Drafts.
- TC: Travelers Cheque.
- Foreign currency notes.
Purpose of Inward Remittance:
The purpose of remittance is of various reasons. Such as:
- For family maintenance.
- Realization of exports proceeds.
- Export brokers commission.
Payment Procedure of Telegraphic Transfer:
- To verify the ‘test number’.
- To inform the beneficiary for submission of “Form – C”.
- To confirm from issuing bank or reimbursing bank.
- To covert of foreign currency into Bangladesh currency with T.T.
- To make entry in T.T.s, drafts, M.T.s, received registration.
- To prepare vouchers.
- To prepare FET schedule.
Purchase of Drafts & Cheques:
Authorized dealer may purchase drafts & cheques which are not drawing on IFIC Bank at the request of the beneficiary. Procedures of purchase are as below:
- To obtain an application or undertaking from the beneficiary with ‘Form – C’
- To verify the signature of the drafts (if possible).
- To make entry in the register for drafts & T.C. purchased.
- To convert foreign currency into Bangladesh currency.
- To prepare voucher.
- To prepare FET schedule.
- To send the instrument for collection.
Collection Procedure of Drafts & Cheques:
- To make entry in foreign Bills Collection Register.
- To prepare forwarding schedule in quadruplicate.
- To prepare vouchers on realization of proceeds i.e. on receipt of advice from the collecting bank.
Payment of Foreign Currency Notes:
- To check the custom declaration (if any).
- To made entry in (kateha) raw register.
- To convert foreign currency into Bangladesh currency.
- To prepare vouchers.
- No FET schedule is required to be prepared & sent to head office because in this case there is no transaction with head office.
Cancellation of Inward Remittance
In the event of any inward remittance which has already been reported to the Bangladesh Bank being subsequently cancelled, either in full or in part because of non-availability of beneficiary. Authorized dealers must report the cancellation of the inward remittance as an outward remittance of “Form-T/M”. Required documents are:
- The date of return in which the inward remittance was reported.
- The name & address of the beneficiary.
- The amount of the purchase as effected.
- Reasons for cancellation.
Reporting to Bangladesh Bank:
On the last working day of each month the transaction during the month to be reported to Bangladesh Bank through the following schedule:
- Schedule -J-l / 0-3 for TK. 5000 & above.
- Inward remittance voucher-1/04 for below TK. 5000.
Foreign Outward Remittances:
The remittance in foreign currency that is being made from our country to abroad is known as foreign outward remittance.
Mode of Outward Remittance:
TT : Telegraphic Transfer. MT : Mail Transfer.
FD : Foreign Drafts. PO : Payment Order
FC : Foreign currency notes. TC : Travelers Cheque.
Approval of Bangladesh Bank:
Bangladesh Bank provides permission or approval for outward remittances to the applicants who are to lodge an application for the purpose on the following prescribed forms with an authorized dealer who forwarded the same to Bangladesh Bank for approval:
- The IMP form (cover remittances for imports).
- Form T/M (Traveling & Miscellaneous).
- Issuance procedure of FD, MT. & TT.:
- To prepare the instrument.
- To make entry in DD, MT, TT issued register.
- To prepare draft advice in duplicate one for drawee bank & one for reimbursing bank.
- To make entry in draft advice dispatched register.
- To send reimbursement authority in case of MT & TT.
- To prepare FET schedule.
Issuance Procedures of Traveler Cheque:
- To verify the approved T / M form or Bangladesh Bank permit.
- To issue TC by obtaining signature of the purchaser on the TC.
- To endorse in the passport.
- To prepare FET schedule.
- To make entry in the travelers cheque issue register.
- The TC issuing slip of the issued TC to be sent to that bank (whose TC issued)
- With reimbursement inspection
Issuance Procedure of Foreign Currency Notes:
- To verify the approved T.M form or Bangladesh Bank permit.
- To issue foreign currency notes by endorsing in the passport.
- Voucher preparing with accounting treatment:
Foreign Currency Notes on Hand A/C…………….. Cr.
Facilities for Wages Earners:
- Bangladeshi national/Bangladesh origin dual citizen working abroad may open Foreign Currency account (F.C. A/C) in US Dollar and Pound Sterling without initial deposit.
- Nominee can operate the account
- Interest is paid on F.C. A/C
- Balance in F.C. A/C can be utilized for import of goods
- Balance available in the F.C. account may wholly or partially be sent abroad.
- Foreign currency brought in by Wage Earners can be deposited in the F.C. A/C
- Wage earners Development Bond in Taka can be purchased from the balance of F.C. A/C
- Non-Resident Foreign Currency A/C (NFCD A/C) can also be opened by Wage Earners.
- F.C. A/C & NFCD A/C may be maintained as long as the account holder desires.
- These accounts can be opened from abroad on submission of required papers duly attested by our Embassy/ Branch/ Representative office abroad.
Position of the Foreign Exchange Department:
Foreign Exchange Business:
The total Foreign Exchange Business handled during the year 2009 was for BDT. 12,917.00 Crore as compared against BDT 10,599.60 crore in the previous year.
Comparison Foreign Exchange Business with Previous Years
Amount in BDT
Table-4.7.1: Foreign Exchange Business of IFIC Bank
Source: Annual Report of the year of 2005 to 2010.
Figure-4.7.1: Diagram of the Foreign Exchange Business of IFIC Bank 2005 to 2010
In case of Foreign Exchange Business of IFIC Bank ltd, they just showed that their market position is increasing as we see from the above diagram – in 2005 its figure was BDT 5296.95 Crore as 2010 it seems like BDT 12,917.00 Crore
4.7.2 Import Business
The total Import Business handled during the year 2009 was for BDT 5033.70 crore as compared against BDT 4435.3 crore in the previous year.
Comparison Import Business with Previous Years
Amount in BDT
Table-4.7.2: Import Business of IFIC Bank
Source: Annual Report of the year of 2005 to 2010.
Figure-4.7.2: Diagram of the Import Business of IFIC Bank 2005 to 2010
In case of Import Business of IFIC Bank ltd, they just showed that their market position is increasing as we see from the above diagram – in 2005 its figure was BDT 2562.21 crore as 2010 it seems like BDT 5033.70 Crore.
The total Export Business handled during the year 2009 was for BDT 6655.70 Crore as compared against BDT 5486.60 Crore in the previous year.
Comparison Export Business with Previous Years:
Table-4.7.3: Comparison Export Business with Previous Years
Source: Annual Report of the year of 2005 to 2010
Figure-4.7.3: Diagram of the Export Business of IFIC Bank 2005 to 2010
In case of Export Business of IFIC Bank ltd, they just showed that their market position is increasing as we see from the above diagram – in 2004 its figure was BDT 2755.74 crore as 2009 it seems like BDT 6655.70 crore
The total Remittance Business handled during the year 2010 was BDT 1227.70 crore as compared against BDT 677.70 crore in the previous year.
Comparison Remittance Business with Previous Years
Amount in BDT
Table-4.7.4: Comparison Remittance Business with Previous Years
Source: Annual Report of the year of 2007 to 2010
Figure-4.7.4: Diagram of the Remittance Business of IFIC Bank 2008 to 2010
In case of Remittance Business of IFIC Bank ltd, they just showed that their market position is increasing as we see from the above diagram – in 2008 its figure was BDT 658.29 crore as 2010 it seems like BDT 1227.70 crore.
KEY FINDINGS RECOMMENDATION & CONCLUSION:
The findings obtained from the study on Foreign Exchange Business of IFIC Bank are follows:
- Toward the growth and economic development of Bangladesh IFIC Bank is playing an important role.
- There are three types of modes of foreign exchange market, which are: Export Finance, Import Finance & Foreign Remittance. Out of 82 branches 22 branches are directly related to the foreign exchange activities and 56 branches provide online facilities to the customer.
- With wide network of branches at home and also a large number of correspondent banks worldwide it is singularly handling the largest volume of export-import business including remittances.
- The total foreign exchange business of the Bank for the year 2010 was Tk. 12,917.00 crore as against Tk. 10,599.60 Crore in 2009 showing an increase of 21.86%. (Annual Report 2008, Page19)
- The foreign exchange department is semi computerized. Paper-based works are still in existence.
- The liquidity & profitability condition of the Foreign Exchange Corporate branch is standard.
- Employees are loyal to the organization but they need training for providing better service.
Foreign exchange Activities department play a vital role in any banking institutions. On the basis of some analysis of this topic I have got some suggestions .These are given below-
- The Bank should develop sectors wise export-financing facilities.
- Letter of Credit (L/C) opening system for the importer should be easier.
- For customer’s convenience, IFIC Bank should provide more personnel to deliver faster services to the customers in case of foreign exchange dealings.
- The Bank should develop an effective database needed for analyzing Foreign Exchange Business.
- Proper communication system and maintenance of files & machineries like phone, computer, fax, and photocopier need to be ensured.
- To ensure error free faster services, the bank should be fully computerized.
- Effective strategies must be undertaken against defaulters.
- More employees are to recruit. For the better service, training is must and according to the skill and education background of employee needs to be positioned.
- The Bank should apply modernized Marketing Information System
The Banking arena in recent time is one of the most competitive business fields in Bangladesh. As Bangladesh is a developing country, a strong banking sector can change the socio economic structure of the country. So we can say, the whole economy of the country in linked up with its banking system. IFIC Bank is the bank which is highly potential commercial Bank of Bangladesh. This bank performs hundreds of important activities both for the public and for the government as a whole. It has an outstanding bearing to thrive our business sector. It has strong performance on General Banking, Loans & Advances, Industrial credit, and foreign Exchange. I had the privilege to learn many things from the Foreign exchange Corporate Branch through my active involvement in this branch. In this paper I have tried to highlight Foreign Exchange Business of IFIC Bank. With wide network of branches at home and also a large number of correspondent banks worldwide it is singularly handling the large volume of export-import business including homebound remittances. The effective and efficient Foreign Exchange Business of the Bank helps in the continuous growth and progress of national economy.
- Annual Report of IFIC Bank (Published-2008)
- Annual Report of IFIC Bank (Published-2006)
- Annual Report of IFIC Bank (Published-2005)
- Various Official Records of IFIC Bank.
- Syed Ashraf Ali (1995) Foreign Exchange and Financing of Foreign trade.
- A Text book on Foreign Exchange 1st edition-L.R.Chowdhury (2000)
- A Hand Book of Bank Management-S.A.Sakoor
- Chowdhury, Dr. T.A., an Overview of Banks and Their Services. Reading Materials on Theory & Practice of Banking (B-101), Bangladesh Institute of Bank Management (BIBM), 2000.
- Foreign Exchange Act 1947.
- Website of IFIC Bank (http://www.ificbankbd.com)
IFIC Bank Ltd. at a Glance
Taka in Million
|Total Loan & Advances||33018.39||28361.46||25490.66||21694.90|
|Total Contingent Liabilities & Commitments||20536.26||19422.59||16521.41||13101.84|
|Credit Deposit Ratio||91.48%||94.85%||89.06%||96.40%|
|Percentage of classified Loan Against total Loans & Advances||5.92%||8.11%||5.64%||9.66%|
|Profit after Tax & Provision||657.31||964.93||253.83||82.25|
|Amount of classified Loans During the year||1953.07||2299.90||1437.39||2094.72|
|Provision kept against classified Loans||651.85||984.02||970.77||1195.08|
|Provision Surplus / Deficit||30.20||1.59||678.03||232.66|
|Cost of Fund||6.12%||6.58%||6.35%||6.12%|
|Interest Earning Assets||39806.29||35520.23||30940.57||25656.36|
|Non-interest Earning Assets||5931.20||4393.92||5139.91||4544.69|
|Return on Investment (ROI)||13.59%||13.56%||9.11%||6.83%|
|Return on Assets (ROA)||1.44%||2.42%||0.70%||0.27%|
|Income from Investment||691.44||569.53||301.93||202.83|
|Earning Per Share||49.00||71.93||62.46||20.24|
|Income Per Share||411.98||774.77||149.56||36.80|
|Price Earning Ratio (Times)||24.26||16.13||15.23||28.30|
Table-4.3: Performance of IFIC Bank Limited
Source: Annual Report, IFIC Bank Ltd. 2010 | <urn:uuid:30e46842-5b77-4560-8043-c9a28cce0769> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.assignmentpoint.com/business/finance/report-on-balance-of-payment.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280587.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00558-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.921769 | 20,671 | 2.390625 | 2 |
STOCKTON (CBS13) – People in Stockton say they are sick and tired of gang violence plaguing their streets, and on Thursday the Office of Violence Prevention held a community engagement meeting to talk about how people can help.
Gang violence has been a long-standing problem in Stockton, and now the community says it wants to be a part of the solution.
“We don’t connect until after there’s a shooting,” said Kathleen Gapusan.
The battle against gun and gang violence hits home for Gapusan. She lost her cousin and his wife to a double murder more than a decade ago and the violence didn’t stop there.
Gapusan had to bury her own daughter who was shot to death by an ex-boyfriend about three years ago.
“I kind of got involved in city hall and politics and I can’t be angry, so I have to do something positive,” Gapusan said.
She works with non-profit organizations in Stockton to help at-risk youth and now she wants to hit the core of what she says is sparking the violence.
“The one common thread we need to work on is family,” Gapusan said.
Family was a hot topic in Thursday morning’s meeting, with many of the community members saying a successful future starts at home.
“We are discussing what resources are available, solutions and ways to prevent future violence,” said Jayda Daniels.
Daniels has already begun contributing to her community.
She works in the retail industry and says she looks at all her customers like they are one of her own.
“Every person I meet I try to make an impact on them; I get the best out of them and help them recognize they are good people too,” Daniels said.
But Daniels says it’s not easy living in Stockton when you feel like there’s a target on your back. That’s why she says the community needs to band together and fight for a safer Stockton.
“It’s a constant reminder that it can be you, if I’m at the wrong place at the wrong time I could die,” Daniels said.
The U.S. Army base in Lathrop is also battling gang and gun violence; the base currently recruiting about two-hundred at-risk youth around the Stockton area for the Discovery Challenge Academy in Northern California.
The academy will begin in January of 2017. | <urn:uuid:1e5642f6-fda7-489a-97d4-7bbc6ac71af5> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://sacramento.cbslocal.com/2016/09/29/after-losing-3-family-members-stockton-woman-dedicates-her-life-to-stopping-gun-violence/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719784.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00426-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965756 | 535 | 1.539063 | 2 |
What is the healthiest way to thicken soup
How to thicken soupBlend all or part of it.
If you’ve made a broth with chunks of vegetable in it, such as minestrone soup, then pour the soup through a sieve.
Add cream or yogurt.
Add flour or cornflour.
Use a butter and flour paste.
Blend in bread.
Add lentils or rice.
5 of the best soup recipes to try next:Sep 23, 2020.
Do you use plain or self raising flour for gravy
Use flours that are low in protein and high in starch, such as cake flour, pastry flour or all-purpose flour. Avoid using self-rising flour to make gravy. It is much harder to control the thickness.
How do I know if my flour is plain or self raising
A simple test to tell if unlabelled flour is plain or self-raising: place a teaspoon of the flour into a cup of water. Self-raising will bubble up to the surface while plain flour will not.
What can I use instead of self raising flour
To make your own self-rising flour substitute you can use these three common pantry ingredients: all-purpose flour, baking powder, and salt!
Can you use self raising flour in sauces
It’s not recommended to use self raising flour for white sauce. This is because self-raising flour contains salt and baking powder which may interfere with the flavour of the other ingredients.
What happens if you use self raising flour instead of plain flour
Self-rising flour will work just fine in recipes using about 1/2 teaspoon (and up to 1 teaspoon*) baking powder per cup of flour. *What about recipes using more than 1 teaspoon baking powder per cup of flour? Add enough baking powder on your own to make up the difference.
How can I thicken sauce without flour or cornstarch
Puree some vegetables. Starchy vegetables—like potatoes, winter squash or celeriac—are excellent thickening agents, especially if they’ve been pureed. Simply roast or boil these vegetables and pop them into the food processor until smooth. Then, stir it into the sauce, and voila: It will instantly be thicker!
Can you use self-rising flour in place of yeast
Self-rising flour can be used to make a type of bread called a “quick bread” but it cannot be used as a substitute for yeast in a traditional yeast bread. Yeast functions very differently than baking powder. … If you would like to make bread using self-rising flour, choose a quick bread that does not call for yeast.
How do you add flour to thicken
The easiest way to thicken a sauce with plain flour is to make a flour slurry. Simply mix equal parts of flour and cold water in a cup and when smooth, stir in to the sauce. Bring the contents to a simmer for 5 minutes to cook away the raw flour taste.
How long does it take cornstarch to thicken
cornstarch to thicken 1 cup of sauce. Don’t continue to whisk vigorously once the sauce has fully thickened (which takes about 1 minute), and avoid simmering the sauce for a prolonged time after adding the cornstarch. In both cases, the gelatinous starch molecules may break apart, which will thin the sauce again.
Can you use self raising flour to thicken stew
either should be fine, just take a little of the liquid out of the stew and blend the flour into it thoroughly so you don’t have any lumps! … I would mix a spoonful flour (either will do) with some water (not too thick) in a cup and add it slowly (pref through a strainer) stirring as you go. Will work fine.
Which is a better thickener flour or cornstarch
Because cornstarch is pure starch, it has twice the thickening power of flour, which is only part starch. Thus, twice as much flour is needed to achieve the same thickening as cornstarch. To thicken sauces, cornstarch is combined with cold water first, which is called a slurry.
How do you reduce and thicken a sauce
For a thinner sauce, use one tablespoon of fat and one tablespoon of flour per cup of liquid; for a medium-thick sauce, use two tablespoons each of fat and flour; for a thick sauce, use three tablespoons each of fat and flour. Stir in equal parts flour to the sauce pan.
Why does my pasta sauce get watery
Given the high water content in fresh tomatoes, tomato sauce can get very watery. If you find yourself with sauce that is too runny, don’t throw your batch away.
How do you thicken a watery sauce
Thickening a sauce with cornstarch is very similar to using flour, you just need different quantities. Be sure to thoroughly mix the cornstarch and water together, then pour into your sauce. Cook and stir over medium heat until thickened and bubbly. Heat two minutes more in order to completely cook the cornstarch.
How can I thicken my stew without flour or cornstarch
A handful of uncooked rice. That’s all folks, just a handful of white rice. Any kind will do: jasmine, basmati, short grain, long grain. When added to a brothy (or watery, even) soup, and left to simmer for 20-30 minutes, the rice breaks down, releasing its starch and thickening the liquid that it’s cooking in.
What is the best way to thicken stew
Mix one teaspoon cornflour with a tablespoon of room temperature water and add to your stew. Then bring to the boil and cook until desired thickness is reached. Cornflour is a great gluten-free thickener. It has a slightly more gelatinous texture, so only add a teaspoon at time or your sauce may become a bit goopy.
Can you use self raising flour instead of plain flour in cheese sauce
Self raising flour will be fine and works just the same as plain flour in this particular instance.
Can I use self raising flour instead of plain flour for batter
Plain flour is the preferred batter base, but self-raising will work, too. Just be mindful the raising agents could make the batter less crispy when cooked.
How do you thicken sauce with flour in slow cooker
For the simplest method, mix equal parts of flour and hot water together to make a slurry, using 2 tablespoons of slurry for every cup of liquid in the slow cooker. Stir the slurry in and simmer the liquid in the cooker on high for 15 minutes.
What flour do you use to thicken sauce
Uses: Cornstarch and all-purpose flour are both useful for thickening creams, sauces and gravies. Cornstarch is best for thickening dairy sauces. When you are thickening with flour, mix 1 tbsp. of flour with 1/2 cup of warm water before you add the mixture to your food. | <urn:uuid:9dbd652a-c8a7-43d1-a270-8002a5ac261f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://2014pandaseo.com/qa/question-can-you-use-self-raising-flour-to-thicken-sauce.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00478.warc.gz | en | 0.905119 | 1,490 | 2.375 | 2 |
FAIRFIELD, Conn. -- The Greek Consulate General in New York City will display 35 drawings from the Parthenon by Fairfield University professor of art history Katherine A. Schwab in an exhibition called "An Archaeologist’s Eye."
It opens to the public Jan. 16, and will remain on view through Feb. 13. It then will tour nationally through 2017, marking the first time this collection of drawings travels in the United States.
The Greek Consulate is located at 69 E. 79th St., New York, N.Y. Visiting hours are Monday through Friday from 9 a.m. to 2:30 p.m. Admission is free.
In 2005, Schwab, an American art historian and archaeologist, began experimenting with graphite and pastel on paper in an effort to develop a new method for recording her research on the badly deteriorated ancient Parthenon metope sculptures in Greece.
She found that careful drawing enabled her to make new observations and scholarly discoveries, which have in turn contributed to the larger understanding of the east and north metope series.
Many of these drawings comprise the exhibition, inviting the viewer into an imagined world once inhabited by Pheidias and his fellow sculptors.
The exhibition opens with 16 pastel and graphite drawings depicting the fight for supremacy on Mount Olympus. It continues with 12 graphite drawings of the Sacking of Troy, and concludes with seven graphite drawings of figures from the frieze and pediments she developed to help visualize the metope compositions.
“Earlier archaeological renderings used lines to denote figures in the Parthenon’s metope sculptures,” said Schwab in a statement. “These images did not, however, convey important visual information, including the preserved depth of surviving contours of these figures, many of which were severely damaged in the 6th century when the ancient Greek temple was converted to a Christian church."
For updates about the exhibition and its exhibition schedule, visit the website . | <urn:uuid:7962a8ac-3767-4b15-803c-c359326ca9c9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://fairfield.dailyvoice.com/events/national-tour-of-parthenon-drawings-by-fairfield-university-professor-opens/443983/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282926.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00392-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954748 | 412 | 1.945313 | 2 |
There are two marriages in every marital union, his and hers. Men and women live in worlds that are organized around gender, and their marriages reflect differing realities. As life companions, they respond to each other; but they also respond to the cultural definitions of what it means to be a husband and a wife. What has fascinated social and behavioral scientists for several years, however, is not only that husbands' and wives' experiences are different, but also that 'his' marriage is better than 'hers'. Numerous findings have reported that married men are better off than married women on measures of both physical and mental health, but the reasons are not yet fully understood. In Marriage in Men's Lives Dr. Nock proposes an explanation to this issue. He focuses on marriage as a system of rules, customs, and expectations. The book shows that marriage changes men on basic dimensions of achievement, participation in public social life, and philanthropy because marriage reinforces such behaviors as part of adult masculinity. Men in modern society crave well-being, comfort, luxury, and prestige, and marriage affords a means of achieving these things within circumscribed legitimate boundaries. Using a huge data base of over 6,000 interviews with men the author has studied since 1979, Nock draws some interesting and far-reaching conclusions about the nature of marriage, and predicts that marriage is definitely here to stay. | <urn:uuid:6853bc39-a373-4a3a-b8f1-dd25f390d085> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.cheaptextbooks.org/9780195120561 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719416.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00364-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.978374 | 275 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Average time it takes to process applications
Office 1 Office 2 Office 3
Employee 1 15 11 17
Employee 2 17 21 15
Employee 3 14 12 17
Employee 4 16 27 16
Excel Output -
Anova: Single Factor
Groups Count Sum Average Variance
Column 1 4 62 15.5 1.666667
Column 2 4 71 17.75 58.25
Column 3 4 65 16.25 0.916667
Source of Variation SS df MS F Between Groups 10.5 2 5.25 0.258904 P-value 0.777455
F crit 4.256492
Within Groups 182.5 9 20.27778
Total 193 11
1) What does the F crit mean?
2) What numbers represent the SST, SSE and SS Total?
3) What does the P-value number mean?
4) How do the F and F crit relate to each other? What do these numbers mean?
5) Re-run an ANOVA in Excel and determine if the average processing times between workers (employees are in rows) are the same or different.
1) The F statistic is formed from the ratio of the two data-model variances. It is possible to compute critical values, Fcrit, for specific levels of confidence and degrees of freedom.
2) SST will compute a wide variety of descriptive statistics on your data set. These include means, standard deviations, ranges, correlations, one-way and multi-way cross-tabulations. These procedures are useful for checking data entry and exploring simple relationships between variables. AutoSignal uses four common goodness of fit statistics. In the following descriptions, SSM is the sum of squares about the mean, SSE is the sum of squared errors (residuals), n is the total number of data values, and m is the number of coefficients in the model. DOF, the degree of freedom, is n-m.
Coefficient of Determination (r-squared)
r² = 1 - SSE/SSM
Degree of Freedom Adjusted Coefficient of Determination
DOF r² = (1 - SSE*(n-1))/(SSM*(DOF-1))
Fit Standard Error (Root MSE)
StdErr = ...
The solution answers the question(s) below. | <urn:uuid:d111cf3b-fbad-4f8b-86c2-04611966fba2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://brainmass.com/statistics/central-tendency/sources-of-variation-10286 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00053-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.828212 | 502 | 2.375 | 2 |
Our doctrine which we teach and our religion (diyana) which we follow consists in clinging fast to the Book of God and the Usage (sunna) of His Prophet and to that which is handed down from the Companions, their immediate followers (tabi‘s) and from the leaders (imams) in tradition--with that we take refuge; and we teach that which Ahmad ibn Hanbal--may God illumine his face, exalt his rank and make great his reward--followed; and we shun that which is opposed to his doctrine. For he is the excellent leader, the perfect chief, through whom God made plain the truth, when error was made manifest, and showed the path and smote down the innovations of the innovators, the deviations of the deviators and the doubts of the doubters. So, the mercy of God be upon him for an appointed leader and an instructed chief, and upon all the leaders of the Muslims.
The sum of our doctrine is this, that we believe in God, His Angels, His Books, His Apostles, in all that has come from God, and what trustworthy men (thiqat) have reported from
the Apostles of God; we oppose nothing thereof. That God is One God, Single, One, Eternal; beside Him no God exists; He has taken to Himself no wife (sahiba), nor child (walad); and that Muhammad is His Servant (abd) and His Apostle. That Paradise and Hell are Verity and that the Hour (as-sa‘a) will come without doubt, and God will arouse those that are in the graves. That God has settled Himself (istawa) upon His throne, as He has said, (Qur. 20, 4); "the Rahman has settled Himself upon His throne." That God has a countenance, as He has said, (Qur. 55, 27); "and the countenance of thy Lord will abide, full of majesty and glory;" and two hands, as He has said, (Qur. 5, 69); "much more! both His hands are spread out," and (Qur. 38, 75); "that which I have created with both My hands;" and two eyes, without asking how (bila kayfa), as He has said, (Qur. 54, 14'); "which swims forth under Our eyes." That whoever thinks that God's name is other than He, is in error. That God has Knowledge (ilm), as He has said, (Qur. 35, 12); "Not one woman becomes pregnant and brings forth, except by His knowledge." We maintain that God has Power (qudra), as He has said, (Qur. 41, 14); "and have they not seen that God who created them is stronger than they?" We maintain that God has Hearing (sam) and Seeing (basar) and do not deny it, as do the Mu‘tazilites, Jahmites and Kharijites. We teach that God's Word (kalam) is uncreated, and that He has never created anything except by saying to it, "Be!" and it forthwith became, as He has said, (Qur, 16, 42); "Our speech to anything when We willed it was, 'Be' and it was." Nothing exists upon earth, be it good or bad, but that which, God wills; but all things are by God's Will (mashya). No one is able to do anything before God does it, neither is anyone independent of God, nor can he withdraw himself from God's Knowledge. There is no Creator but God. The works (amals) of creatures are created and predestined by God, as He said, (Qur. 37, 94); "and God has created you and what ye do." Man is able to create nothing; but they are created, as He has said, (Qur. 35, 31); "Is there any Creator except God?" and (Qur. 16, 17)
[paragraph continues] "and is He who created like him who created not?" and (Qur. 52, 35); "were they created out of nothing, or are they the creators?" and such passages are many in the Qur’an. And God maintains the believers in obedience to Him, is gracious unto them, cares for them, reforms them, and guides them aright; but the unbelievers He leads astray, guides them not aright, vouchsafes them not Faith (iman), by His Grace, as the People of error and pride maintain. For should He be gracious unto them and help them aright, then would they be pious, and should He guide them aright, then would they allow themselves to be guided aright, as He has said, (Qur. 7, 177); "whom God guideth aright, he allows himself to be guided aright, and whom He leads astray, they are he losers." God is able to help the unbelieving aright and to be gracious unto thorn, so that they shall become believing, but He wills that they shall be unbelieving as is known. For He has made them impervious to all help and sealed their hearts. Good and Evil happen according to the Destiny (qada) and Decree (qadar) of God for good and. evil, for the sweet and the bitter. We know that the misfortune that befalls us is not in order that we may go astray, and that the good fortune which befalls us is not in order that we may go aright. We have no control over that which is good or hurtful to us, except so far as God wills. We flee from our anxieties to God and commit at all times our distress and poverty to Him. We teach that the Qur’an is God's Word, and that it is uncreated, and that whosoever says that it is created is an unbeliever (kafir). We believe that God at the Day of Resurrection (yawm al-qiyama) will be visible to the eyes, as the moon is seen upon the night of the full moon; the believers will see Him, according to traditions which have come down from the Prophet. We teach that while the believers will see Him, the unbelievers will be separated from Him by a wall of division, as God has said, (Qur. 83, 15); "Surely not! They will be separated from their Lord, upon that Day." We teach that Moses besought God that he might see Him in this world; then God revealed Himself to the mountain and turned it into
dust and taught Moses thereby that he could not see Him in this world (Qur. 7, 139). We are of the opinion that we may not accuse anyone of unbelief (kufr), who prays towards Mecca, on account of sin committed by him, such as unchastity, theft, wine drinking, as the Kharijites believe, who judge that these thereby become unbelievers. We teach that whoever commits a great sin (kabira), or anything like it, holding it to be allowed, is an unbeliever, since he does not believe in its prohibition. We teach that Islam is a wider idea than Faith (iman), so that not every Islam is Faith. We believe that God turns the hearts upside down, and holds them between two of His fingers, that He lays the heavens upon a finger and the earth upon a finger, according to the tradition from the Prophet. We believe that God will not leave in Hell any of those who confess His Unity (muwahhid) and hold fast to the Faith, and that there is no Hell for him whom the Prophet has by his witness appointed to Paradise. We hope for Paradise for sinners and fear on their account, that they will be punished in Hell. We teach that God will release a few out of Hell, on account of Muhammad's intercession (shafa‘a) after they have been scorched there. We believe in the punishment of the grave. We believe that the Tank (hawd) and the Balance are Verities: that the Bridge as-Sirat is a Verity; that the Arousing (ba‘th) after death is a Verity; that God will set up His creatures in a place (mawqif) and will hold a reckoning with the Believers. 1 We believe that Faith (iman) consists in word (qawl) and in work (amal) and that it increases and diminishes. We trust in the sound Traditions handed down from the Apostle of God, which trustworthy people (thiqat), just man from just man, up to the Apostle, have transmitted. We hold by the love of the early
[paragraph continues] Believers (salaf), whom God chose to be Companions to the Prophet, and we praise them with the praise with which God praised them, and we carry on their succession. We assert that the Imam succeeding the Apostle of God was Abu Bakr; that God through him made the Religion (din) mighty, and caused him to conquer the Apostates (murtadds). The Muslims made him their Imam, just as Muhammad had made him Imam at prayers. Then followed [as legal Imam] Umar ibn al-Khattab; then Uthman ibn Affan; his murderers killed him out of wickedness and enmity; then Ali ibn Abi Talib. These are the Imams after the Apostle, and their Khalifate is that of the Prophetic office [i.e., they are, though not prophets, successors of the Prophet]. We bear witness of Paradise for the Ten (al-asharatu-l-mubashshara), to whom the Apostle bore witness of it, and we carry on the succession of the other Companions of the Prophet and hold ourselves far from that which was in dispute between them. We hold that the four Imams were in the true way, were rightly guided and excellent, so that no one equals them in excellence. We hold as true the traditions which the People of Tradition (naql) have established, concerning the descent of God to the lowest heaven (sama ad-dunya), and that the Lord will say, "Is there a supplicant? Is there a seeker for forgiveness?" and the rest of that which they have handed down and established, contrary to that which the mistaken and misled opine. We ground ourselves in our opposition on the Qur’an, the Sunna of the Prophet, the agreement of the Muslims and what is in accordance therewith, but put forth no novelty (bid‘a) not sanctioned by God, and opine of God nothing that we have not been taught. We teach that God will come on the Day of Resurrection, as He has said, (Qur. 89, 23); "When the earth shall be turned to dust, and the Lord shall appear and the angels, rank on rank," and that God is near to His servants, in what way (kayfa) He wills, as He has said, (Qur. 50, 15); "and We are nearer to him than the artery in his neck;" and (Qur. 53, 8); "Then He approached and came near and was two bows' length distant or even nearer." To our Religion (din)
belongs further, that we on Fridays and on festival days pray behind every person, pious and profane--so are the conditions for congregational prayers, as it is handed down from Abd Allah ibn Umar that he prayed behind al-Hajjaj. To our Religion belongs the wiping (mash) of the inner boots (khuffs) upon a journey and at home, in contradiction to the deniers of this. 1 We uphold the prayer for peace for the Imams of the Muslims, submission to their office, and maintain the error of those who hold it right to rise against them whenever there may be apparent in them a falling away from right. We are against armed rebellion against them and civil war.
We believe in the appearance of anti-Christ (ad-Dajjal) according to the tradition handed down from the Prophet; in the punishment of the grave, and in Munkar and Nakir and in their questions to the buried in their graves. We hold the tradition of the journey to heaven (mi‘raj, Qur. 17) of Muhammad as true, and declare many of the visions in sleep to be true, and we say that there is an explanation for them. We uphold the alms for the dead of the Muslims and prayer for them, and believe that God will help them therewith. We hold as true that there are enchanters in the world, and that enchantment is and exists. We hold as a religious duty the prayer which is held over the dead of those who have prayed toward Mecca, whether they have been believers or godless; we uphold also their right of testation. We acknowledge that Paradise and Hell are created, and that whoever dies or is killed, dies or is killed at his appointed time (ajal); that the articles of sustenance (rizq) from God, with which He sustains His creatures, are permitted (halal) and forbidden (haram); 2 that Satan makes evil suggestions to men, and puts
them in doubt, and causes them to be possessed, contrary to that which the Mu‘tazilites and the Jahmites maintain, as God said, (Qur. 2, 276); "Those who take usury will [at the Resurrection] stand there like one whom Satan causes to be possessed by madness," and (Qur. 114, 4 ff.); "I take my refuge in God, from the evil suggestion, from the stealthy one who makes suggestions in the hearts of men, by means of men and Jinn." We affirm that God may distinguish the pious by signs which He manifests through them. Our teaching concerning the little children of the polytheists (mushriqs) is this, that God will kindle a fire in the other world for them, and will say, "Run in there;"--as the tradition says. 1 We believe that God knows what men do and what they will to do, what happens and how that which does not happen, if it should happen, would happen. We believe in the obedience of the Imams and in their counsel of the Muslims. We consider right the separation from every inciter to innovation (bid‘a) and the turning aside from the People of wandering desires (ahl al-ahwa).--Translated from the Arabic text in Spitta's Zur Geschichte al-As‘ari's, pp. 133 ff.
296:1 For Muslim eschatology reference may still he made to Sale's introduction to the Qur’an, § 4. The punishment of the grave is what, in the case of unbelievers, follows the inquisition by the two angels Munkar and Nakir; see on them Lane's Modern Egyptians, chap. xxviii; on the whole subject, see translations by Gautier and Wolff and tractate by Rüling (Bibliography, p. 367)
298:1 This, one of the dividing questions between Sunnites and Shi’ites, belongs to theology as well as law. See p. 314 and Goldziher, Zur Literaturgeschichte der Si‘a, p. 87.
298:2 The Mu‘tazilites held that articles of sustenance of a forbidden nature, such as pork or wine, could not be called rizq in this technical sense; that God could not so use them. The orthodox retorted p. 299 that a man might live his life out on forbidden things; had he then been independent of God as to his sustenance? The Mu‘tazilites defined rizq as "a possession which its possessor eats" and as "that from which one is not hindered from profiting"; the orthodox, as a name for that which God sends to man and the other animals and they eat it and profit by it.
299:1 Some will run into the fire and find themselves immediately in Paradise; these would have been believers. Others will refuse, and will be treated as their parents. | <urn:uuid:ca5d743a-b6be-4673-9c1b-359de6994079> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://sacred-texts.com/isl/dmt/dmt20.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719784.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00427-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.973763 | 3,403 | 2.21875 | 2 |
U.S. Ambassador praises voter turnout in midterm polls
The U.S. Ambassador to Samoa, Scott Brown, said the mid-term elections this week have demonstrated that democracy works.
November 7th marked a highly anticipated election day in the United States which resulted in the Democratic party taking control of the House of Representatives, and the Republicans maintaining a majority in the Senate.
The New York Times reports the incomplete results show the US is deeply divided along political lines.
But for Ambassador Brown, a high election turnout should be celebrated.
“The thing I was most encouraged by is the fact that it was one of the largest, if not the largest turnout ever in our midterm elections.
“I was very excited; it showed me that democracy works and that people are part of the process and the solution,” he said.
Approximately 114 million votes were cast in U.S. House races this year, compared to 83 million in 2014, according to estimates by the New York Times.
The Associated Press reports Michigan alone saw the highest voting turnout since 1962.
Voting numbers have been widely reported as more than meets the eye, however.
The Boston Globe’s Renée Graham reports how in Georgia, the secretary of state Brian Kemp was also the Republican candidate, and “used every cheap, dirty, and probably illegal trick in the book to rig his tight contest against Democrat Stacey Abrams.”
Long waiting times, insufficient voting machines and even untrained staff also caused low voting numbers in some areas, reported by the Washington Post as “improperly challenging Americans’ right to vote.
“As folks may or may not know, democracy is messy, our politics is a blood sport,” said Mr Brown.
“You had some winners, you had some losers.”
Mr Brown said a divided house and senate is nothing new and even somewhat expected.
“What I believe will happen is it will force the branches of government to get together, and do some compromising and work together.
“I’m really excited to see what happens over the next couple of years, and I think it’s a great opportunity for not only the political process but for the American people.”
Ambassador Brown also pointed out the results do not affect his position or work at all. | <urn:uuid:019303e7-5853-4f80-b124-5bc82c7c7a96> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.samoaobserver.ws/category/article/9732 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00066.warc.gz | en | 0.97164 | 486 | 1.640625 | 2 |
Humans learn most effectively through hands-on activities, which is why many physics classes teach string theory using actual string. Tie on some knowledge with this Groupon.
Choose Between Two Options
- $11 for a children’s museum outing for two (up to a $21.90 value)
- $20 for a children’s museum outing for four (up to a $43.80 value)
The constant tug-of-war between education and fun finds middle ground inside this Central Jersey children’s museum, as entertaining exhibits and engaging staff members embed knowledge in each young visitor. Young guests can play veterinarian at the Pet Vet Center, read the news and see themselves on television at the TV News Room, or shed light on the complexities of the human body inside a replica doctor’s office outfitted with realistic equipment.
A motorcycle, retired fire engine, and a grounded airplane shows visitors the wonders of mechanized travel in the Varoom!!! Vehicle Showroom, which leads to an enchanted castle outfitted with a wooden drawbridge, a faux moat, and a new level 3 train exhibit. Party rooms manned by helpful staffers merge learning and celebration, and the onsite gift shop coaxes homebound brain building with a selection of scientific toys. | <urn:uuid:b557739d-1667-49a2-9f40-5d62537c95e2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.groupon.com/deals/imagine-that-15 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00246-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.928445 | 260 | 2.171875 | 2 |
Many low-income Americans, and people of color are constantly being pushed back 50 years because of strict voter ID laws, and limits on early voting times, locations. After the Nov. 8 election Democrats are picking up the pieces after billionaire Donald Trump won the electoral college vote, but lost the popular vote.
For some in one Milwaukee neighborhood, one of the poorest in the nation, the choice to not vote in the Nov. 8 election made the most sense.
The New York Times reported on a few men who didn’t vote and why they don’t regret their decision, even with a Trump presidency beginning in January.
Four barbers and a firefighter were pondering their future under a Trump presidency at the Upper Cutz barbershop last week.
“We got to figure this out,” said Cedric Fleming, one of the barbers. “We got a gangster in the chair now,” he said, referring to President-elect Donald J. Trump.
They admitted that they could not complain too much: Only two of them had voted. But there were no regrets.
“I don’t feel bad,” Mr. Fleming said, trimming a mustache. “Milwaukee is tired. Both of them were terrible. They never do anything for us anyway.”
As Democrats pick through the wreckage of the campaign, one lesson is clear: The election was notable as much for the people who did not show up, as for those who did. Nationally, about half of registered voters did not cast ballots.
Wisconsin, a state that Hillary Clinton had assumed she would win, historically boasts one of the nation’s highest rates of voter participation; this year’s 68.3 percent turnout was the fifth best among the 50 states. But by local standards, it was a disappointment, the lowest turnout in 16 years. And those no-shows were important. Mr. Trump won the state by just 27,000 voters.
Read the full story at the New York Times. | <urn:uuid:446c9b3b-2675-427b-9f4e-f3ecf4119757> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wiscindy.com/2016/11/analyzing-voter-turnout-one-milwaukee-neighborhood/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00476.warc.gz | en | 0.978966 | 423 | 1.6875 | 2 |
Greens Farms grad finds life on $1 a day yields valuable insights
Published 8:43 pm, Thursday, March 7, 2013
For Greens Farms Academy graduate Chris Temple, it wasn't enough to simply study world economics. He and his college roommate, Zach Ingrasci, wanted to experience firsthand what it meant to live in poverty.
So they and two filmmaker friends spent eight weeks living in the tiny village of Pena Blanca in Guatemala during the summer of 2010, subsisting on a total of just $224 for the entire summer.
"We were both economics majors studying economic development," said Ingrasci, who hails from Seattle, Wash. "We just kept running into this huge statistic, like 1.1 billion people live for under a dollar a day."
"We needed a deeper understanding of what that meant," he said.
The young men's experiences moved them to establish a nonprofit agency called Living on One, which, according to its website, "creates engaging media to connect our peers with the reality of poverty and inspire us all to take action."
The first fruits of that labor are a film called "Living on One Dollar," which records their $1-a-day experiences.
Along with his partner, Temple, 22, a 2009 Greens Farms graduate and former Fairfield resident who now lives in Los Angeles, came home to his native Fairfield County on Wednesday night to debut the film for an enthusiastic audience at Pequot Library.
"We were very excited to have them here," said Martha Lord, the Pequot Library director. "I actually knew Chris when he was a student at Greens Farms Academy, and it's so exciting to see where his experiences have brought him."
Lord said part of the goal of the library is to offer information and programs that relate to issues of world concern. "World poverty is one of those key issues," she said.
"You guys are the first people actually to see this final vision," said Temple, who was scheduled to address a group of 500 student at the United Nations on Thursday and announce that the film had been picked up for distribution by IndieFlix.
The film documents the struggles the four encountered in Guatemala -- fleas, hunger and, for Temple, a serious bout with an intestinal parasite -- as well as the faces of the locals they came to know and befriended.
"There are some things that a textbook just can't answer," Temple narrates in the film.
While audience members were moved by the film itself, many who knew Temple were also impressed with his accomplishments.
"It's amazing to see a little boy grow up and do something so incredible," said his stepfather Rod Fisher. "He's an amazing kid."
Janet Hartwell, head of school at Greens Farms Academy, introduced the team at Wednesday's screening, remembering Temple as "a bit of a scamp."
"He actually could never sit still," she said, "but Chris's restlessness, I think, served him well."
To date, she said teasers for the film have attracted more than 650,000 hits on YouTube.
"It's exciting," she said. "He's really followed a passion -- pursued it and followed it through to fruition. He was always a good students, and it's exciting to see him conclude a venture."
"The film was done really well, and it was really interesting," said Jill Birinyi of Southport, who chairs the GFA board of directors.
"It was courageous, I think, to do what they did," she said.
"The idea literally was born in a bar," Ingrasci said, "probably over too many drinks."
He said funding for the project was turned down 12 times, but they finally received $5,000 that was used to fund the whole undertaking.
"It really was just we wanted to spend our summer doing something meaningful," he said. | <urn:uuid:bd17f258-166c-4457-af16-10a845997851> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.newstimes.com/default/article/Greens-Farms-grad-finds-life-on-1-a-day-yields-4337791.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00046-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.990052 | 810 | 1.914063 | 2 |
If there’s a global oil crisis, does anyone really believe that Canada, which has bet its entire financial future on cashing in on high-priced tar sands, will give us a friend discount? Or is it more likely that, just as much higher oil production here in the U.S. hasn’t lowered gas prices, we’re just transferring our expensive addiction to a different dealer?
Sen. Mark Warner (D-VA) signed yet another letter today urging President Obama & Secretary of State John Kerry to approve the Keystone XL pipeline even before a public health, wildlife & climate review can be completed. Why the panic? Whose interests would approving Keystone XL even if it fails review serve?
Building the Keystone XL tar sands pipeline wouldn’t solve any of our energy problems – and would make the climate crisis much, much worse. That’s hard to explain to people who don’t follow politics. Even with Congressional approval ratings at all-time lows, people assume there must be SOMETHING in it for Virginia … right? Our members of Congress wouldn’t just go along with a terrible deal without asking hard questions … right? But Keystone XL really IS that bad of a deal:
- Keystone XL would raise gas prices. The whole reason TransCanada wants to build this pipeline so it can stop dumping tar sands oil at a discount in the Midwest. In fact, TransCanada admits Keystone XL would raise Midwest gas prices by 15 cents a gallon.
- Keystone XL would leave our energy supply just as vulnerable to price shocks as it is today. You really think Canada’s trying to do us a solid by building this pipeline (or Trailbreaker in New England or any of its other schemes)? Then why is it building the pipelines to our coasts? All Canada cares about is getting tar sands oil to the international market so it can get the highest price possible.
- Keystone XL would only create 20 permanent jobs. Total. That’s it. And not one job will be in Virginia.
But Virginia will have to deal with plenty of negative impacts. A locked-in national commitment to an expensive source of energy. Higher prices of products made in the Midwest thanks to those higher gas prices. And millions of tons of carbon pollution to make the impacts of global warming on Virginia even worse. (And we can keep that carbon pollution in the ground – Canada’s path to China & India is blocked by native tribes and Canada’s path to Europe is blocked by the fact that Europe knows tar sands are a dirty crappy fuel.)
Take a moment right now to tell your members of Congress that you want real energy solutions – not a new needle to feed our addiction to expensive, dirty energy. | <urn:uuid:9bb3ba33-7b97-47b0-898a-39b0b2e23b03> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://bluevirginia.us/2013/02/what-problem-would-the-keystone-xl-tar-sands-pipeline-solve | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00054-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951251 | 560 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Size: 184 MB | Duration: 0h 53m | Video: AVC (.mp4) 1280x720 15fps | Audio: AAC 44.1KHz 2ch
Genre: eLearning | Level: Intermediate | Language: English
Reality capture data digitally connects engineers with the building site before the project even starts. The context it provides is crucial for everyone involved, from architects to facility managers. This course, Preparing Reality Capture Data for BIM, will help you to understand and use the different kinds of data formats used for reality capture today. First, you'll learn how laser scanning and photogrammetry work. Next, you'll learn about automatic and manual 3D reconstruction of images. Finally, you'll cover how to prepare 3D laser scanner point cloud data for 3D modeling software. At the end of this course, you'll understand what reality capture data formats to use and when, and you'll be able to prepare them for BIM environments. Software required: Autodesk Recap 360. | <urn:uuid:5c158f4b-5c2a-47fc-8330-a5680812bc7c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.0daydown.com/04/535396.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281746.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00283-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.885546 | 207 | 2.84375 | 3 |
Several La Jollans took advantage of the opportunity to pitch their favorite cause or espouse their vision for the community. Questions and views were expressed on everything from the status of Children’s Pool to to bikesharing and cycling safety, combating drug abuse, traffic congestion and utilities undergrounding.
Zimmerman noted that policing San Diego, a 340-square-mile city whose 1.3 million people live in 133 neighborhoods, is a Herculean task. But she was quick to add that social media like Facebook, Twitter and Nextdoor are helping to greatly improve law enforcement’s outreach.
“If San Diego could get just 1 percent of people connected through social media, that’s more than 13,000 people all working together to make sure we’re the safest city. People should feel safe no matter where they live,” Zimmerman said.
Zimmerman pointed out it’s critical to “deter crime before it actually happens. My vision is to make San Diego the largest, safest [city] in the country.”
The police chief said her biggest problems with the department right now are recruitment and retention of officers.
“Half of our department is eligible to retire in the next four years,” Zimmerman said, adding “more than half of our patrol officers have six years or less experience. In some areas, that’s closer to 70 percent.”
Chief Zimmerman added that improving police response time is also critical in “getting officers to the scene to better apprehend criminals and achieve a positive outcome for everybody involved.”
Mayor Faulconer introduced his staff, then answered questions from La Jollans one by one.
In response to audience queries suggesting construction work on Cove and Children’s Pool lifeguard stations was taking too long, Faulconer noted, “I’m in the business of trying to make things happen.” He promised to get back to the community with specifics on both projects.
Architect and La Jolla Community Planning Association (LJCPA) trustee Phil Merten asked the mayor what direction the city was going in dealing with local land use regulations, which he pointed out have been ignored by city planners in the past.
“We need to have clear rules of the road,” Faulconer replied. “We need to follow those rules, and we need to get people through the process. Right now, the city’s taking too long to do that.”
“You’re never done changing the culture of a large organization,” added Faulconer.
Longtime La Jollan Melinda Merryweather urged Faulconer to look into opening the sluicegates at the Children’s Pool crescent wall to allow natural tidal flushing to gradually cleanse the pool.
Prompted by questions about potholes and other infrastructure woes, Faulconer said speeding up the undergrounding of utilities in La Jolla and elsewhere in the city is a priority.
“You can go on a city website and type in your address, and it will tell you when your neighborhood is scheduled to be undergrounded,” he said, adding, “My neighborhood is going to get undergrounded in 2054. We’re having barbecues getting ready for it.”
Faulconer said he intends to lobby to get utilities undergrounding fast-tracked.
“We’re doing one project or two a year per Council district, and that’s not the most efficient way to do it,” he said. “Not having overhead utilities is a safety issue. If we want utility lines undergrounded, we have to get smarter (about doing it).”
Mary Coakley Munk of the La Jolla Shores Association spoke about work on the North Comfort Station at Kellogg Park being stalled because of permitting issues and a policy change requiring construction work be done under “prevailing wages,” which she said has added $80,000 to the project’s cost.
Faulconer responded that “a lot of projects have been impacted by the prevailing wage requirement.” He pledged to look into the situation.
“If there’s any way I can help out with that issue, you can count on that,” the mayor said. | <urn:uuid:c9d6c4a9-bcc2-4a3d-abc3-c7566d13da4a> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://sdnews.com/view/full_story/25322127/article-Faulconer--Zimmerman-talk-shop-at-La-Jolla-Meet-the-Mayor-Chief-parley- | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719468.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00528-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.958114 | 918 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Tribute to Gram Parsons on The 40th Anniversary of His Death
Gram Parsons is given huge credit to helping found both country rock and alt-country shown in his work with The Byrds, The Flying Burrito Brothers and his solo work. After a rough childhood, which saw him losing both his parents in his formative years, Parsons dropped out of Harvard and pursued his musical career. What began after that is one of the most intriguing, whirlwind of a musical career that tragically ended too soon. On September 19, 1973, Gram Parson died at the age of 26 from an overdose under some very unusual circumstances. WYEP’s Roots & Rhythm Mix host, Jesse Novak, talks to Cindy Howes about the life and music of Gram Parsons on the 40th anniversary of his death.
The Byrds hadn’t done anything so country until Gram Parsons joined them, but “Sweetheart of the Rodeo” drove them to a much more country sound, although still palatable by fans of rock and roll. “He did that all in five or six months, he was only a member from February 1968 to August 1968,” says Novak.
Parsons started his own alt-country band in 1968, the Flying Burrito Brothers, which had a wide cult following, including lots of musician fans. The Rolling Stones were fans, in fact, and this lead to the introduction of Gram Parsons to Keith Richards. This relationship wasn’t so positive other than the musicians’ mutual love of music, but Parsons got into drugs and became less productive.
One of Gram’s most influential partnerships was his collaboration with Emmylou Harris. “He was able to pull out of her what she had inside her that she didn’t quite know how to put out. For him, I think she was the perfect musical foil for him,” Novak says. Their haunting cover of Felice and Boudleaux Bryant’s song “Love Hurts” was released posthumously on Parson’s album Grievous Angel.
Parson’s death was surrounded with some pretty strange circumstances. He was in Joshua Tree, California, where he took part in some substance abuse with his friends. While they partied, Parsons collapsed. His friends managed to revive him only to have him collapse again, this time permanently. Parsons wanted his ashes spread in Joshua Tree, which was his favorite place in California, but his stepfather wanted his body brought back to Louisiana. A couple of Parsons’ buddies absconded with his coffin and the body within, and tried to cremate it themselves, again unsuccessful.
Gram Parsons’ influence on music is huge. Despite his absence of 40 years, there are still bands that are obviously inspired by his sound. “Anything that is country influenced and rock has its roots back to Gram Parsons,” says Novak. “Whether its Wilco or the Jayhawks, anytime you here a pedal, a steel, and a pop for a rock oriented band it goes back to what he started.” | <urn:uuid:bb6d8c2e-dd45-412f-9666-99f35fd7e8ed> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.wyep.org/audio/tribute-to-gram-parsons-on-the-40th-anniversary-of-his-death | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282926.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00393-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.988487 | 645 | 1.65625 | 2 |
|2004N-0181 - Critical Path Initiative; Establishment of Docket|
|FDA Comment Number :||EC16|
|Submitter :||Dr. Barry Gidal||Date & Time:||08/02/2004 06:08:38|
|Organization :||University of Wisconsin School of Pharmacy|
| 1. Hurdle Identification. Please describe the product development issue, the nature of the evaluation tool that is out-of-date or absent, how this problem hinders product development, and how a solution would improve the product development process. |
| A significant hurdle exists regarding the evaluation and approval of new anti-epileptic drugs in the US. Despite the approval of many new drugs for epilepsy over the last decade, only 1 is approved for use as initial monotherapy. Because of the complex logistical and ethical issues surrounding monotherapy trials in this country (as opposed to Europe), very few have been conducted for the newer generation agents. Because of this, FDA approval is lacking. The result is, few patients are given the opportunity to start treatment with an agent that may be far better tolerated. In short, regulatory constraints may in effect be hindering patients access to optimal, timely epilepsy treatment.
Currently, the FDA will only accept data showing superiority of a new drug vs. a control group for a monotherapy indication. This has led to studies that intentionally under treat the control population in order to demonstrate a difference between groups. The control group typically would be a placebo; but, in epilepsy, a patient could get a very low dose of an anti-epileptic drug (pseudo-placebo). Recruitment and retention in these types of monotherapy trials is difficult, if not impossible. Many of us have concerns that the randomization of a patient with active, uncontrolled seizures to a pseudo-placebo is both unwise and unethical. These types of studies expose patients to an unacceptable risk of worsening of seizures.
One potential solution to this problem is to use alternative trial designs such as non-inferiority, equivalence trials. These trials are accepted for approval of drugs for monotherapy in Europe but not in the U.S. In this instance, the patients in the control group would receive a therapeutic dose of a comparator drug. The new drug entity would have to demonstrate similar efficacy and better tolerability. Alternatively, a trial could be conducted using historical controls, as has been proposed by Dr. French (U Penn).
I would strongly encourage FDA to consider alternative trial designs and allow this data to be considered.
The ?Critical Path? initiative by the FDA is an excellent step in identifying hurdles and improving the process for getting new and better treatments to patients. I sincerely hope that FDA will act to include Epilepsy in the ?Critical Path Opportunity List? .
|3. For each problem identified, please indicate the type of drug, biologic, or device to which the hurdle applies.|
| 5. Nature of the Solution. For each problem identified, please describe the evaluation tool that would solve the problem and the work necessary to create and implement the tool/solution. For example, would a solution come from scientific research to |
|Consider adopting the use of historical controls in AED monotherapy trial designs. The rationale for this has been extensively discussed in a paper|
|authored by Dr. Jackie French.|
| 4. For each problem identified, if a solution would facilitate the development of drugs, biologics, and/or devices for a particular disease or categories of disease, please indicate which diseases would be affected? |
|Epilepsy in both children and adults|
| 2. Please rank each hurdle identified in Question 1, above, in priority order according to which hurdles create the most severe product development problems. |
|The primary hurdle to be overcome is in the approach to AED monotherapy trial design.| | <urn:uuid:afb972b2-e2ba-42f5-a1c0-66996d29039a> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/dailys/04/aug04/080204/04N-0181-EC16.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719286.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00498-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.932652 | 802 | 1.773438 | 2 |
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Chronic/Community Care Nursing has 8 SCEs which focus on providing care to patients battling long-term diseases. Patient and family education, available community resources for managing the patient’s care, preventative measures, safety and access to care are topics covered.
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome with Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia
Aggressive Patient with Positive Test for Tuberculosis
Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome
Chronic Heart Failure and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
End of Life Care
Sickle Cell Crisis
AIDS and Mild Encephalopathy | <urn:uuid:61baf186-e687-4b1d-867c-a5153c6b2541> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.caehealthcare.com/patient-simulation/learning-modules/chronic-community-care-nursing | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00271.warc.gz | en | 0.841412 | 134 | 2.03125 | 2 |
An international team of astronomers has identified two new tidal streams in M31, the Andromeda galaxy. They are more-or-less intact remnants of dwarf galaxies that M31 has otherwise ripped to shreds.
One team – using the Suprime-Cam camera on Subaru – discovered two new dwarf galaxy shards by mapping the sky density of red giants in M31’s outskirts; the other – using the DEIMOS spectrograph on Keck II – separated the M31 red giant wheat from the Milky Way chaff.
In a project led by collaborators Mikito Tanaka and Masashi Chiba of Tohoku University, Japan, the astronomers used the Subaru 8-meter telescope and Suprime-Cam camera to map the density of red giants in large portions of M31, including the hitherto uncharted north side. This led to the discovery of two tidal streams to the northwest (streams E and F) at projected distances of 60 and 100 kiloparsecs (200,000 and 300,000 light-years) from M31’s nucleus. The study also confirmed a few previously known streams, including the little-studied diffuse stream to the southwest (stream SW), which lies at a projected distance of 60 to 100 kiloparsecs (200,000 to 300,000 light years) from M31’s nucleus.
The Spectroscopic and Photometric Landscape of Andromeda’s Stellar Halo (SPLASH) collaboration, a large survey of red giants in M31 lead by Puragra Guhathakurta, professor of astronomy and astrophysics at the University of California, Santa Cruz, has followed up with a spectroscopic survey of several hundred red giants in Streams E, F, and SW, using the Keck II 10-meter telescope and DEIMOS spectrograph at the W. M. Keck Observatory in Hawaii. Analysis of the spectra from this survey yields estimates of the line-of-sight velocity of the stars, which in turn allows M31 red giants to be distinguished from foreground stars (in the Milky Way). The spectral data confirmed the presence of coherent groups of M31 red giants moving with a common velocity.
Stars spread over the vast reaches of a halo in a big galaxy like the Milky Way or M31 are characterized by old age, few elements other than helium and hydrogen (i.e. low metallicities; astronomers call all elements other than hydrogen and helium “metals”), and high velocities. The exceptional nature of these halo stars, when compared to stars in a galaxy’s disk, reflects the early dynamics and element formation of the galaxy when its appearance differed significantly from what we see today. Consequently, the halo provides important insights into the processes involved in the formation and evolution of a massive galaxy. In the best Big Bang model we have today – ΛCDM (Lambda Cold Dark Matter) – the outer halos are built up through the merger and dissolution of smaller, dwarf, satellite galaxies. “This process of galactic cannibalism is an integral part of the growth of galaxies,” said Guhathakurta.
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The smooth, well-mixed population of halo stars in these large galaxies represents the aggregate of the dwarf galaxy victims of this cannibalism process, while the dwarf galaxies that are still intact as they orbit their large parent galaxy are the survivors of this process.
“The merging and dissolution of a dwarf galaxy typically lasts for a couple billion years, so one occasionally catches a large galaxy in the act of cannibalizing one of its dwarf galaxy satellites,” Guhathakurta said. “The characteristic signature of such an event is a tidal stream: an enhancement in the density of stars, localized in space and moving as a coherent group through the parent galaxy.”
Tidal streams are important because they represent a link between the victims and survivors of galactic cannibalism – an intermediate stage between the population of intact dwarf galaxies and the well-mixed stars dissolved in the halo.
The Andromeda galaxy is a unique test bed for studying the formation and evolution of a large galaxy, said Guhathakurta, “Our external vantage point gives us a global perspective of the galaxy, and yet the galaxy is close enough for us to obtain detailed measurements of individual red giant stars within it.”
One of the next steps will be to measure the detailed elemental compositions (“chemical properties”, in astronomer-speak) of red giants in these newly discovered tidal streams in M31. Comparing the chemical properties of tidal streams, intact dwarf satellites, and the smooth halo will be of particular significance, Guhathakurta said. Mikito Tanaka put it this way: “Further observational surveys of an entire halo region in Andromeda will provide very useful information on galaxy formation, including how many and how massive individual dwarf galaxies as building blocks are and how star formation and chemical evolution proceeded in each dwarf galaxy.”
At the present time, detailed studies of the chemical properties of tidal streams, intact dwarf satellites, and smooth stellar halos are possible only in the Milky Way and M31 galaxies and their immediate surroundings. Existing telescopes and instruments are simply not powerful enough for astronomers to carry out such studies in more distant galaxies. This situation will improve greatly with the advent of the planned Thirty Meter Telescope later in this decade, Guhathakurta said.
Tanaka’s team published their survey results in a recent Astrophysics Journal (ApJ) paper (the preprint is arXiv:0908.0245), and Guhathakurta’s team presented their results on the newly discovered tidal streams earlier this month at the 215th meeting of the American Astronomical Society in Washington, D.C.; they hope to have an ApJ paper on these results published later this year. You can read an earlier SPLASH paper, “The SPLASH Survey: A Spectroscopic Portrait of Andromeda’s Giant Southern Stream”, published in ApJ (the preprint is arxiv:0909.4540). | <urn:uuid:8ac2036d-3b08-4712-8f85-b0f0cfba84fb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.universetoday.com/52903/death-in-the-sky-m31-shreds-its-satellites/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00478.warc.gz | en | 0.907504 | 1,302 | 3.140625 | 3 |
If life is all a stage, as Shakespeare asserts, then for many, a journey home can be an intermission; a time to reflect upon preceding scenes and to contemplate the next Act. This week, returning home to the Caribbean island of Grenada with its picturesque backdrop provided such a Kodak moment for me. Similarly, for fellow travelers from 43 nations of the Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS) journeying to Grenada this week, the meeting provided a snapshot of the organization’s achievements as it celebrates its 20th Anniversary. It was also a moment to contemplate and plan for the challenges that lay ahead in Cancun.
The presence of Minister Xie, China’s chief climate negotiator and Todd Stern, his US counterpart at this AOSIS meeting, co-hosted by Mexico signaled that AOSIS had indeed come a long way. Having campaigned for the AOSIS chairmanship to go to Grenada when I served as its UN Ambassador, I must confess some personal pride. My successor and good friend, Ambassador Dessima Williams and her team had done us proud by going much further. AOSIS was also joined by senior climate officials from India, Egypt, the United Kingdom, Canada, Sweden, Belgium and other countries; testimony to the intense international interest, the role of AOSIS and perhaps an indicator of further complexities to come.
The island states, aka “the conscience of the convention” are calling upon the international community to limit greenhouse gases to well below 350 parts per million, to limit temperature rises to below 1.5 degrees Celsius and to enter into a legally binding agreement in order to achieve these targets. The impacts of climate change, they assert, are already being felt and therefore even a two degree target is too high. “One point five, to stay alive” their slogan goes.
Many who had travelled to Grenada for this meeting and who had suffered rescheduled flights and delayed baggage due to an unseasonal hurricane Tomas, found themselves face-to-face with climate change impacts. In the plenary, descriptions -with emotional outpourings- regarding the loss of lives and the damages visited upon St. Lucia, Barbados and St. Vincent were sobering. And Selwin Hart of Barbados struck a chord on this note; Hurricane Tomas was a reminder that that climate change was not just an abstract exercise in drafting language and bracketing text. Interventions by the low-lying island states emphasized the existential threat posed by sea level rise at a time when AOSIS found itself swimming amongst the climate giants.
What emerged as a possible way forward was the notion of a single COP decision reflecting a balanced package. Balance was described in three dimensions: balance between the Long-term Cooperative Action (LCA) and the Kyoto Protocol (KP), balance between commitments and actions by developed and developing countries and balance in the pillars of the LCA. There was an acknowledgement that the existing text may not serve well, such ends.
The World Bank Climate Envoy, Andrew Steer and I had the opportunity to discuss these matters over lunch with both the chairs of the KP and the LCA and the take-home message was one of cautious optimism. Earlier that day, Andrew along with Verle Vandewerd of UNDP, spoke just before the Grenada’s Prime Minister and Mexico’s Minister of Environment . Verle spoke not only about how UNDP could help the Small Island Developing States but also about the strengths of the World Bank. She ended by reciting the Bank’s slogan for the 2010 World Development Report on Climate Change; “Act Now, Act Together and Act Differently”. Andrew delivered, what was described by many others as a “powerful statement” regarding the leadership shown by SIDS on the climate issue, the Bank’s ongoing support to SIDS and how the Bank, working in partnership with UNDP and others could support SIDS in future including on renewable energy.
When you take away the frameworks, the brackets, the degrees and the parts per million, climate change is very much a human story of relationships and partnerships that touch lives. We at the bank are very much part of that narrative.
The engagement of the multilateral agencies with the smallest and most vulnerable nations sends a powerful message regarding commitment to the global climate challenge. | <urn:uuid:50541eb2-c3b6-4da3-91c1-4bf085fb8d52> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://blogs.worldbank.org/climatechange/comment/226 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00057-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959463 | 894 | 1.90625 | 2 |
Where The Heart Should Be
One of the giants of contemporary young adult fiction, Crossan returns with a searingly emotional historical novel set during the Irish potato famine which finds young Nell forced to make a devastating decision.
- Bloomsbury YA
- 400 pages
- United Kingdom
- General fiction (Children's / Teenage) | <urn:uuid:5d7613b9-0357-401a-84ba-86e317dcbfa0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://booksirelandmagazine.com/book/where-the-heart-should-be/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00678.warc.gz | en | 0.847962 | 87 | 2.078125 | 2 |
since the launch of Operation Ultimatum in August 2006, the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) have scored significant victories against the Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG). In the past four months, there has been a renewed intensity against the ASG. In mid-March 2010, Philippine President Maria Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo dispatched 700 additional Philippine Marines and Ranger Scouts as well as a naval task force to the Sulu archipelago to reinforce the existing deployments. Although the ASG’s capabilities and resources have waned, it has nonetheless regained a foothold in Basilan and on the Zamboanga peninsula in addition to their stronghold in Sulu. The ASG’s coordinated April 13, 2010 raid on Isabela City, the capital of Basilan, that left 11 dead affirmed that the ASG remains a threat to Philippine peace and security. This article traces the evolution of the ASG, shows how the group remains a weakened organization, identifies its current leadership and finally examines some of its losses on the international front.
Evolution of the ASG
The Abu Sayyaf Group was founded by Abdurajak Janjalani, a veteran of the Afghan mujahidin, in 1991, allegedly with al-Qa`ida seed money. From 1991-1996, the group’s operations were sectarian in focus, targeting Christian churches, missionaries and priests. Following the loss of support from al-Qa`ida in 1995—when Muhammad Jamal Khalifah was not allowed to return to the Philippines following his implication in Ramzi Yousef’s Operation Bojinka plot to destroy multiple commercial airliners—and the 1998 killing of Janjalani in a shootout with police, the group degenerated into a kidnap-for-ransom gang, gaining notoriety for brazen raids on Philippine and Malaysian dive resorts and the taking of Western hostages. These included the April 2000 raid on the Malaysian island of Sipadan, and the May 2001 raid on the Philippine resort island of Palawan; together, the two attacks netted approximately 50 foreign hostages. Between 2000 and 2001, the ASG abducted approximately 140 hostages including school children, teachers, priests and Western tourists; 16 of those hostages were killed.
Bolstered by U.S. training and assistance, the AFP scored some early successes, including the neutralization of ASG leaders Abu Sabaya and Ghalib Andang. By 2004, however, most kidnappings had ceased, and in conjunction with members of the Indonesian-based terrorist organization Jemaah Islamiya (JI), the group was once again involved in terrorism, including the February 2004 bombing of a Superferry in Manila harbor that killed 116 people. Between 2004 and 2007, the few kidnappings resulted in executions, not ransoms, including the 2007 beheadings of six workers in Jolo who were working on a U.S.-funded road project.
Before 2004, the ASG had few contacts with other militant groups in the region and in the Philippines. That began to change in 2003, when Indonesian and Malaysian militants sought ASG assistance in crossing the Sulu archipelago into Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) camps in Mindanao. By 2004, JI members were embedded with ASG units. While the MILF stated that they had no ties to the ASG, arguing that the ASG’s campaigns of kidnapping were “un-Islamic,” the MILF worked closely with the ASG, employing them in bombing campaigns to give the MILF a degree of plausible deniability. More importantly, ties to the ASG gave the MILF a beachhead in the Tausig-dominated Sulu archipelago and began to undermine the Moro National Liberation Front’s (MNLF) hold in the region. Although the MILF remains overwhelmingly an ethnic Maguindanao and Maranao organization, it always sought to challenge its rival Tausig-dominated organization.
The sustained AFP offensive against the ASG that began in August 2006 led to the death of the group’s commander, Khadaffy Janjalani (the founder’s younger brother) in September 2006 and then Abu Solaiman in January 2007. The ASG never recovered from the losses of Janjalani and Solaiman. Although the ASG was bolstered by an infusion of new combatants when disaffected members of the MNLF, under the leadership of Habier Malik, joined with the ASG in March 2007, any cohesion that the ASG was starting to display started to unravel. Spread across the Sulu archipelago from Zamboanga to Tawi-Tawi, the ASG broke down once again into autonomous units with no noticeable central command and control. Short on funds and leadership, the individual units reverted to kidnapping for ransom beginning in the second half of 2007. The year 2008 saw more than 55 kidnappings, most of which resulted in releases after ransoms were paid.
The rate of kidnappings declined to roughly 40 people in 2009. Nevertheless, four people were beheaded when ransoms were not paid. The second half of 2009 saw an uptick in bombings. There were nine bombings, including one in Zamboanga that killed six, and a bombing in Jolo that killed two U.S. military personnel. In addition, 12 bombs were found hidden on a ferry in July 2009, indicating the ASG’s continued interest in crippling the country’s maritime infrastructure. Perhaps the only reason that more bombings did not occur was a result of the government’s April 2009 seizure of an enormous cache of bomb-making materials.
The first quarter of 2010 has likewise seen a precipitous drop in kidnappings and bombings. In part, these declines can be explained by more frequent and costly encounters with the AFP.
On February 21, 2010, the most notorious ASG leader still at large, Albader Parad, was killed in an encounter in Sulu. It was the most recent setback to the group’s leadership continuity. As Philippine Lieutenant General Ben Dolorfino explained, “This will be a big blow to the Abu Sayyaf.” The most senior ASG commander, the one-armed Radullan Sahiron, has not been seen since a 2008 encounter, in which the AFP claimed to have wounded him. Other Jolo-based commanders include Umbra Jumandail, known as Dr. Abu Pula, and Isnilon Hapilon.
Philippine military and intelligence sources indicate that Khair Mundus has emerged as the leader of the Basilan-based ASG faction. Mundus was arrested by Philippine authorities in 2004 for his role in funneling foreign donations to the ASG and the MILF, but he escaped from a jail in 2007. Authorities are concerned that he continues to maintain ties to foreign donors in the Middle East as well as in Malaysia. Beneath Mundus is his deputy, Puruji Indama, a young commander implicated in the beheadings of 10 Marines in July 2007 and the February 2010 massacre of civilians on Basilan.
Philippine authorities seem buoyed by the death of Parad and the dearth of known leaders or authority figures. “There are no young leaders emerging,” Dolorfino assured. Another military leader contended that all command and control had broken down. “There is no such coordination among all the groups,” explained Marine commandant Major General Juancho Sabban. “The Basilan group has no contact with the Sulu group or with the Tawi-Tawi group. In effect, we have isolated each group and eventually piece by piece we will be able to neutralize these groups.”
In addition to killing Albadar Parad, Philippine authorities have arrested a number of other militants, either ASG or people affiliated with the Indonesian-based JI. In early March 2010, authorities arrested three people in metro Manila for plotting a bombing for the ASG. Bomb-making materials including detonating cords and blasting caps were recovered in the raid. Raids in March against two jungle camps led to seizures of bomb-making materials, as well as the deaths of 13 ASG militants. In recent months, Philippine authorities have captured a number of ASG militants linked to the spectacular kidnappings of 2000-2001.
There have also been some setbacks. In December 2009, a jailbreak on Basilan led to 31 ASG and MILF members escaping. On February 26, 2010, ASG gunmen attacked the town of Maluso on Basilan Island, killing a militiaman and 10 civilians. The recent April 13 assault on the Christian-majority capital city of Basilan, Isabela, was well-coordinated, and exposed significant weaknesses among government forces. A small team of ASG disguised as soldiers was able to detonate three bombs in the city, followed by automatic weapons fire. The attack left 11 dead, including three marines.
Regardless of these setbacks, the ASG appears weakened by the government’s renewed offensives and leadership decapitations.
The International Front
While the ASG is clearly weakened at home, there have been other developments on the international front that are harder to evaluate in terms of the significance for the ASG’s capabilities.
On January 14, 2010, Pakistan authorities announced that Abdulbasit Usman was killed in a U.S. drone attack in Waziristan along the Afghan-Pakistan border. The attack on a compound used by Haqqani network extremists left 11 others of various nationalities dead. If true, it would be a significant killing. Usman’s affiliations are often disputed. He has been alleged to have been a member of the MILF, the terrorist group JI, the ASG, or as an independent gun for hire. There has never been consensus, but what is clear is that he worked at times as a bomber and trainer for both the ASG and MILF, although the latter insists that he was expelled from the group. Regardless of his affiliation, how and why a man responsible for a string of bombings in the southern Philippines went to Pakistan is unclear.It is not known whether he was sent for advanced training in bomb-making, if he was training other Southeast Asians in Afghan or Pakistani camps, or whether he was simply trying to re-energize links between South and Southeast Asian militant groups.
Moreover, it is not even clear whether Usman was killed in the strike. One senior Philippine military commander, citing interrogations of three militant suspects arrested on March 3, asserted that Usman was still in Mindanao, and that Pakistan’s authorities had recovered the body of another Southeast Asian.
The second development was the March 9, 2010 death of Dulmatin, an Indonesian member of JI, killed in a shootout in a Jakarta internet cafe. Dulmatin, who was wanted for his role in the 2002 Bali bombing that killed 202 people, arrived in the southern Philippines in 2003. He and compatriot Umar Patek were given sanctuary in MILF camps until late 2004 when their presence was impacting the MILF’s peace talks with the government and bringing to light the MILF’s continued ties with JI. The two were forced out of MILF territory and sought refuge with the ASG in Sulu.
It is not clear when Dulmatin—and possibly Umar Patek—slipped back into Indonesia. Indonesian counterterrorism police learned of their presence following a February 22 raid of a terrorist training camp in the western-most province of Aceh. There is some speculation that Dulmatin’s return was necessitated by the September 2009 death of JI’s Noordin Mohamed Top, which created a leadership vacuum, especially among the hard line faction that articulates a strategy focused on Western targets. Noordin Top had established a breakaway group, al-Qa`ida in the Malay Archipelago, to signal his dissatisfaction of the proponents within JI of a strategy of sectarian bloodletting. The training camp in Aceh was ostensibly run by “al-Qa`ida in Aceh,” and in a recruitment video put online, the members actually denigrate JI leaders as being too moderate. The Afghan-trained Dulmatin, who had front line experience in the southern Philippines against the U.S. military, was an obvious choice to succeed Noordin Mohamed Top. Again, there is no hard evidence that Umar Patek, another veteran of the Afghan jihad, is in Indonesia, but there is considerable suspicion that he accompanied his compatriot to fill the leadership void.
There is an important logic to this. For JI/al-Qa`ida in the Malay Archipelago or al-Qa`ida in Aceh to regroup, it is essential that they have leaders with the pedestal of having “joined the caravan” in Afghanistan, personal contacts with militants in Afghanistan and Pakistan, and the trust and the respect of South Asians and Arab militants who tend to be condescending toward Southeast Asian Muslims. Ties to militant groups in South Asia also open new channels of funding to the Southeast Asian organizations, and on occasion offer new training possibilities.
The third international development involves an Indonesian national, Sanusi, believed to be a JI trainer of the MILF and ASG. In mid-March, Indonesia formally requested that Philippine authorities track down Sanusi who was implicated in sectarian violence in Poso, Sulawesi, including the beheadings of three schoolgirls in 2007. Philippine intelligence officials believe that Sanusi has emerged as one of the leaders of JI in the southern Philippines, along with Malaysian national Zulkifli bin-Hir (known as Marwan). The continued operational inter-connectedness of JI, ASG and the MILF continues to pose analytical questions.
The Philippine military is lodging successes against the ASG. Weakened and leaderless, the ASG has re-degenerated back into a kidnapping for ransom gang, with only occasional forays into jihadist violence. Nevertheless, the group cannot be discounted as a threat. The Philippine military does not appear to have the capacity nor the will to finish the job militarily, and the government’s refusal to develop a holistic peace process in the southern Philippines that has full support from both the MILF and MNLF will continue to support the ASG’s ranks. MILF commanders in Basilan, in particular, continue to operate alongside ASG units, while disaffected ethnic Tausigs, once loyal to the MNLF, are joining the ASG, giving them a continued lease on life. Regardless of the outcome of the May 2010 presidential election, it will be at least a year before the new president is able to restart the peace process in earnest, fueling continued Muslim resentment toward Manila. Sadly, the presidential candidates have not shown much willingness to resolve the conflicts in Mindanao nor have they offered an indication that they will put forward bold new policies to rekindle the peace process.
Dr. Zachary Abuza is Professor of Political Science and International Relations at Simmons College, Boston. His book on the insurgency in southern Thailand, Conspiracy of Silence, was published by U.S. Institute of Peace Press in 2009.
A number of the ASG’s top commanders have been neutralized as a result of the operation. Operation Ultimatum began on August 1, 2006, after previous offensives lost intensity, and the ASG began to regroup in sizeable numbers. The offensive was unprecedented in its immediate success and the AFP’s ability to sustain it over an extended period of time.
For details on Operation Bojinka, see Raymond Bonner and Benjamin Weiser, “Echoes of Early Design to Use Chemicals to Blow Up Airliners,” New York Times, August 11, 2006.
“Abu Sayyaf Kidnappings, Bombings and Other Attacks,” GMANews.tv, August 23, 2007.
These figures are drawn from the author’s own research.
Sabaya and Andang were two of the most notorious kidnappers in the late 1990s, responsible for the Sipidan and Palawan raids.
Simon Elegant, “The Return of Abu Sayyaf,” Time Magazine, August 23, 2004.
Paul Alexander, “Philippine Army Vowed to Crash Abu Sayyaf Militants after Beheadings,” Associated Press, April 20, 2007.
Zachary Abuza, “Balik Terrorism: The Return of the Abu Sayyaf Group,” Institute for Security Studies Monograph No. 625, September 2005.
Jainal Antel Sali (also known as Abu Solaiman) was killed in January 2007. He was one of the top military commanders for the ASG.
These figures are drawn from the author’s own research.
For details on the deaths of the two U.S. soldiers, see “2 U.S. Soldiers Killed in Philippines Bomb Blast,” CNN, October 2, 2009.
Arnell Ozaeta, “12 Bombs Found on Lucena Ferry,” Philippine Star, July 27, 2009.
The materiel included 700 kilograms of ammonium nitrate, 8,000 blasting caps, and 13 rolls of detonating cord. For details, see “Philippine Troops Seize Large Amount of Explosives,” Associated Press, April 23, 2009.
The abduction of an elderly Swiss man on April 4 was an exception. For details, see Jocelyn Uy and Julie Alipala, “Swiss-Filipino Kidnap Pinned on Abu Sayyaf,” Philippine Daily Inquirer, April 6, 2010.
Simon Montlake, “Philippines Kills Abu Sayyaf Most-Wanted Albader Parad,” Christian Science Monitor, February 22, 2010.
“AFP Expects New Abu Sayyaf Leader to Emerge,” GMANews.tv, February 23, 2010.
“Militant with Money Links Leads Abu Sayyaf Faction,” Associated Press, March 14, 2010.
“Philippine Raid Leaves Several Dead,” al-Jazira, February 27, 2010.
“Parad’s Killing Cripples Abu Sayyaf–AFP General,” GMANews.tv, February 22, 2010.
“Military Sees Advances vs Terror Group,” ABS-CBN, March 2, 2010.
“3 Suspected Abu Sayyaf Bombers Arrested in Taguig,” GMANews.tv, March 3, 2010.
These include Rasul Barro, Jumadail Arad (known as Abu Hurayra), Mubin Sakandal and Mujibar Alih Amon.
“Islamists Flee Philippines Prison After Militants’ Raid,” BBC, December 13, 2009.
Cecilia Yap and Katrina Nicholas, “Abu Sayyaf Attacks Southern Philippine Town, Kills 11,” Bloomberg, February 26, 2010.
“Clashes Kill 12 in Philippines,” Associated Press, April 14, 2010; “Behind the Raid,” Philippine Daily Inquirer, April 16, 2010.
Jim Gomez, “Filipino Troops Chase Militants After Deadly Raid,” Associated Press, April 14, 2010.
“Filipino Bomb Expert Killed by American Missile in Pakistan,” GMANews.tv, January 21, 2010.
“Basit Usman Alive, Hiding in Mindanao,” ABS-CBN, March 5, 2010.
Sara Schonhardt, “Indonesia Says Killed Leading Militant Dulmatin,” Christian Science Monitor, March 10, 2010.
Niniek Karmini and Chris Brummitt, “Indonesian Militants Recruit Fighters in Video,” Associated Press, March 16, 2010.
See, for example, Chris Brummitt, “Web Chats Point to al-Qaida’s Indonesian Links,” Associated Press, April 5, 2010.
“Philippine Hunts Indonesian Training Militants,” GMANews.tv, March 20, 2010.
Julie Alipala and Christine Avendaño, “14 Marines Killed; 10 Were Beheaded: MILF, Abu Join Forces in Basilan Ambush,” Philippine Daily Inquirer, July 12, 2007. | <urn:uuid:43c3637f-7963-4c46-b631-04076a4be195> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ctc.westpoint.edu/the-philippines-chips-away-at-the-abu-sayyaf-groups-strength/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00479.warc.gz | en | 0.95484 | 4,492 | 1.804688 | 2 |
Scientists at Chalmers University of Technology have developed a new way to study nanoparticles one at a time, and have discovered that individual particles that may seem identical in fact can have very different properties. The results, which may prove to be important when developing new materials or applications such as hydrogen sensors for fuel cell cars, will be published in Nature Materials.
"We were able to show that you gain deeper insights into the physics of how nanomaterials interact with molecules in their environment by looking at the individual nanoparticle as opposed to looking at many of them at the same time, which is what is usually done," says Associate Professor Christoph Langhammer, who led the project.
By applying a new experimental approach called plasmonic nanospectroscopy, the group studied hydrogen absorption into single palladium nanoparticles. They found that particles with exactly the same shape and size may exhibit differences as great as 40 millibars in the pressure at which hydrogen is absorbed. The development of sensors that can detect hydrogen leaks in fuel cell powered cars is one example of where this new understanding could become valuable in the future.
"One main challenge when working on hydrogen sensors is to design materials whose response to hydrogen is as linear and reversible as possible. In that way, the gained fundamental understanding of the reasons underlying the differences between seemingly identical individual particles and how this makes the response irreversible in a certain hydrogen concentration range can be helpful," says Christoph Langhammer.
Others have looked at single nanoparticles one at a time, but the new approach introduced by the Chalmers team uses visible light with low intensity to study the particles. This means that the method is non-invasive and does not disturb the system it is investigating by, for example, heating it up.
"When studying individual nanoparticles you have to send some kind of probe to ask the particle 'what are you doing?'. This usually means focusing a beam of high-energy electrons or photons or a mechanical probe onto a very tiny volume. You then quickly get very high energy densities, which might perturb the process you want to look at. This effect is minimized in our new approach, which is also compatible with ambient conditions, meaning that we can study nanoparticles one at a time in as close to a realistic environment as possible", says Christoph Langhammer.
Even though they have now reached the level where their results are ready to be published, Christoph Langhammer believes they have just scratched the surface of what their discovery and developed experimental methodology will lead to in relation to further research. He hopes that they have helped to establish a new experimental paradigm, where looking at nanoparticles individually will become standard in the scientific world.
"It is not good enough to look at, and thus obtain an average of, hundreds or millions of particles if you want to understand the details of how nanoparticles behave in different environments and applications. You have to look at individual ones, and we have found a new way to do that."
"My own long-term vision is to apply our method to more complex processes and materials, and to push the limits in terms of how small nanoparticles can be for us to be able to measure them. Hopefully, along the way, we will gain even deeper insights into the fascinating world of nanomaterials."
Johanna Wilde | EurekAlert!
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Researchers from the University of Hamburg in Germany, in collaboration with colleagues from the University of Aarhus in Denmark, have synthesized a new superconducting material by growing a few layers of an antiferromagnetic transition-metal chalcogenide on a bismuth-based topological insulator, both being non-superconducting materials.
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Among the general public, solar thermal energy is currently associated with dark blue, rectangular collectors on building roofs. Technologies are needed for aesthetically high quality architecture which offer the architect more room for manoeuvre when it comes to low- and plus-energy buildings. With the “ArKol” project, researchers at Fraunhofer ISE together with partners are currently developing two façade collectors for solar thermal energy generation, which permit a high degree of design flexibility: a strip collector for opaque façade sections and a solar thermal blind for transparent sections. The current state of the two developments will be presented at the BAU 2017 trade fair.
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19.01.2017 | Event News
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20.01.2017 | Awards Funding
20.01.2017 | Materials Sciences
20.01.2017 | Life Sciences | <urn:uuid:3709b6d0-3673-4852-9cea-5a1c32efdd66> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.innovations-report.com/html/report/materials-science/nanoparticles-small-but-unique.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281151.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00110-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.937806 | 1,203 | 3.671875 | 4 |
JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS (JCP)
ISSN : 1796-203X
Volume : 4 Issue : 9 Date : September 2009
Data Management of Mobile Object Tracking Applications in Wireless Sensor Networks
Jin Zheng, Weijia Jia, and Guojun Wang
Full Text: PDF (460 KB)
In this paper, we focus on the data management problem of object tracking applications in wireless
sensor networks. We propose link-segment storage and query protocol to track mobile object in
wireless sensor network dynamically. The main idea of our protocol is to combine advantages of
local storage with data centric storage methods to support the query of object movement
information efficiently. Object’s movement information will be stored in node near detecting sensor
and the relation of storage nodes is maintained using multiple access entry linked list along the
moving path of the object. Index-store node (a designated node) stores the access entry messages
of linked list. Performance analysis and simulation studies show that the proposed protocol is
energy efficient, with high probability of successful query and low query latency.
Wireless sensor networks, object tracking, linked list, segment. | <urn:uuid:0692437a-a171-4fa9-a6bb-35be2dc02af8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.academypublisher.com/jcp/vol04/no09/jcp0409845852.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280761.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00088-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.807413 | 241 | 1.515625 | 2 |
I agree with both AA4PB and KA4NMA.
With regard to the GFCI breaker, it is likely that a piece of house wiring is resonant at 40 meters.
Older GFCI breakers are notoriously sensitive to RF. Newer ones less so. I had the same problem and solved it by replacing the GFCI outlet. If you go this route use a good reputable brand. Pass and Seymour seems to work.
With regard to tripping the Non-GFCI breaker, I suppose it may be possible, but I never heard of an ordinary breaker tripping out on RF.
Operating with an indoor antenna can be tricky. You are too close to the antenna and strong RF can do some strange things, particularly if you are in the same room. Assuming you can't get further away from the antenna, you will probably have to reduce power and hope for better band conditions
Hope this helps
You should do your RF Exposure calculations as well... If you have an upstairs neighbor, you are probably exceeding the FCC limits for exposure... To say nothing of yourself... See:http://hintlink.com/power_density.htm | <urn:uuid:2320f334-864e-48ca-bea2-68f1966441a6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.eham.net/ehamforum/smf/index.php?topic=90507.0 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00059-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.939422 | 242 | 1.726563 | 2 |
Many transactions and agreements are made on the fly in the construction industry, sometimes even departing from what’s contractually agreed upon. This fact makes construction financial management in construction extra challenging. Handshake deals are not unusual, and ensuring that each financial decision is in line with business strategy can be difficult.
However, if a construction business is not meticulous about its finances, it can spell disaster. Profitability is still the ultimate goal for businesses, and financial traps may not be apparent until it has already dealt a blow to your business. It’s best to be prudent and smart! To help, here are five financial pitfalls you need to watch out for.
1. Relying solely on accrual accounting
Accrual accounting is an accounting method where a business records revenue before invoices are paid, or expenses are recorded as incurred even before they have been paid. Though this simplifies record-keeping during the planning and other preliminary phases, it can create a distance between your actual cash position and what’s on paper. In construction, where delays in payment and delivery are not uncommon, relying solely on accrual accounting can lead to poor construction financial management and operational decisions. Many companies fall into the trap of relying on accrual accounting to monitor the costs and running payments on a project, even if the actual transactions have not been completed yet.
2. Inaccurate estimation
Estimation is a significant component of running a construction business. Many deals and even contracts rely on estimates; that’s why many solutions help contractors and suppliers make accurate estimates to inform their dealings. However, poor estimation is also a practice that is common in construction. It can stem from not reviewing actual costs regularly and using outdated pricing to make estimates for new projects.
Especially over the last few years, price fluctuations have been drastic and making wrong estimates can sometimes favor your business profit-wise, but that can bite you back quite fast. It’s best to regularly review actual costs and project financials to get a feel for the actual cost of things, but always be prudent with checking prices at the point of creating estimates and bids.
3. Not protecting lien rights
Delayed payments are unfortunately the norm in construction, with the average days sales outstanding (DSO) numbering up to over 60 days in 2021, one of the longest across business industries in the US. Encouraging timely payments is good for your cash flow, but sometimes there are situations where the client cannot pay what’s owed on time or might even forgo it altogether. Lien laws protect contractors, material suppliers, and other construction professionals in these instances.
Mechanics liens work by placing a hold on the title of the project you’ve worked on or are working on as a security in the event of non-payment. However, to have the right to enforce a mechanics lien when you’re left unpaid, construction businesses are tasked with adhering to pre-lien requirements in the timing and manner stipulated by law.
Especially for companies that deal with many projects across state lines, ensuring that preliminary notices are duly filed can be cumbersome, sometimes leading to incorrectly filed or missed notices. Missed or incorrect notices often result in the loss of the right to lien–which is costly if ever you’d need to use a lien to recover payment but have already lost the right to do so.
Ensure that you protect your lien rights on all projects. You can automate this process by using lien construction financial management software that streamlines the process of protecting your payments and ensures that notices are filed on time and accurately.
4. Poor change order documentation
Change orders are part and parcel of construction projects. They are often made with little planning, with paperwork always “to follow” but sometimes never completed or adequately documented. This often results in the contractor getting the shorter end of the stick, completing unpaid work outside the contract, or having to front for materials and labor costs for work that’s ultimately not profitable or will not be included in the project price.
Examine your current change order process and ensure that the requested changes or additions have been cleared with the client–including all details regarding cost and timeline–before commencing new work.
5. Poor liquidity and cash management
Cash is still king, especially in construction, where many projects force or require contractors to make significant upfront financial investments into a project. The profits come in only at the end of the contract when the last payment has been made. This puts many contractors at great financial risk, primarily when their liquidity is tied up in a single project and taking on a new one is predicated on getting paid on the current project.
This painful and high-risk setup might have already been a place of comfort for contractors who have been able to make it work for many projects. However, one financial blow or delayed payment can force you to make poor financial decisions like delaying payroll, denting relationships with suppliers, or taking out loans where the interest rates eat up your profits.
One workaround is to require a substantial down payment on all your projects and establish progress billing on your projects. While this approach is a good stop-gap and can help you not “rob Peter to pay Paul,” establishing a sizeable cash reserve is still the wisest approach and can protect your company’s profitability in the longer run.
Protecting the long-term health of your construction business
Avoiding these pitfalls might seem like common sense, but many contractors fall into the trap of skipping over facing these issues head-on even when the effects are apparent in their business. Hardened practices take time to shift, and it takes intentional steps to create a culture of financial prudence to ensure that your business is financially healthy and profitable. It can be challenging, but facing truths about the state of your business earlier is better than being forced to come to terms with the harsh reality with no option but to close doors.
About the Author:
Patrick Hogan is the CEO of Handle.com, where they build software that helps contractors and material suppliers with lien construction financial management and payment compliance. The biggest names in construction use Handle on a daily basis to save time and money while improving efficiency. | <urn:uuid:8c92114b-eeaa-4b62-a166-b12c6a82543f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://esub.com/blog/5-construction-financial-management-traps/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00679.warc.gz | en | 0.949985 | 1,280 | 1.578125 | 2 |
How to protect your bike from thieves
With bicycle commuting on the rise and more bikes on the road, many cities are reporting more bike thievery. Here’s how to protect your ride:
Invest in a decent lock: Don’t cheap out and buy a cable lock or light-duty chain. They’re just too easy to cut through with wire-cutters. Get a U-lock or a heavy-duty chain and lock combination.
Use your lock correctly: U-locks are at their strongest when you leave no space between your bike’s frame, the rack, and the lock where a thief can slip a pry bar or a jack. If you can, lock around the frame and a wheel, or use two locks to secure both wheels. But never, never lock just a wheel.
If your expensive wheels are attached with quick release skewers, you might want to replace those with security skewers that need a key to unlock.
Pay attention to where you lock: Try to park in a well lit, high-traffic area preferably with other bikes. Lock to a strong metal rack or tall post that is solidly buried or bolted in concrete and can’t be easily dislodged or cut. Sign posts are no good if thieves can just unbolt the signs and slide your bike up off the pole. Thieves can also easily cut through chain link fencing, wooden posts, and even small tree trunks to get your bike.
Document your bike. Jot down its serial number, which is typically stamped under the bottom bracket where the two pedal cranks meet. Keep a receipt for the bike, or if you’ve lost that, keep the repair receipts. Keep this stuff with your other important documents so you can provide proof of ownership to the police. Photograph your bike so you can post pictures in case of theft. If you have homeowner’s or renter’s insurance, make sure your bike is covered for its full replacement value.
Below watch as bike mechanic Hal Ruzal grades the bike locking ability of New Yorkers… | <urn:uuid:2eaa9f40-ec07-48a7-a67b-c783adf95ee1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://nutcasehelmets.com/2014/08/protect-bike-thieves/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280483.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00300-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.941202 | 430 | 1.507813 | 2 |
A great deal has already been said and written about Hillary Clinton’s use of a private email address during her time as Secretary of State, and I’m sure there will be more such conversation over the 19 months leading up to the 2016 election. But little has been made of what I consider one of the more significant stories in response to this controversy/scandal/tempest in a teapot: Colin Powell’s statement that he also used a private email address during his time as Secretary of State, and that many of the messages he sent in that role have thus likely been lost.
There are, of course, reasons for the lack of widespread outrage about Powell’s revelations and actions; for one thing, he’s probably not running for president. But seen through the lens of history, the outrage over Hillary’s emails falls in line with one of America’s most longstanding social traditions: the overt application of double standards to men and women in both public and private life.
The second-wave feminist movement of the 1960s and 1970s worked consistently to highlight and push back on such double standards. Whether responding to wage gaps and other social inequalities with the proposed Equal Rights Amendment, supporting domestic abuse and spousal rape laws to combat marital imbalances, arguing for birth control and other means for women to achieve comparable sexual freedom to men, or critiquing popular culture’s more limiting and damaging depictions of women than those of men, these activists made double standards a focus of their ideas and efforts. But the American tradition of gendered double standards goes back much further than the mid-20th century, and better engaging with those histories helps us understand the depth and breadth of the issue.
Take communal responses to moments of cross-dressing, for example. In 1837, Harvard undergraduate James Russell Lowell famously dressed in women’s clothing to perform the role of Abby Roe in the Hasty Pudding Club’s annual theatrical production. Lowell’s drag performance was an instant hit and became an annual part of the Hasty Pudding Theatricals, one that has continued for more than a century and a half to nothing but laughter and applause. Similarly, the moment did not in any way derail Lowell’s Harvard career, nor his professional trajectory toward a role as one of the era’s most popular and beloved poets.
In “A Law More Nice than Just,” a July 1858 newspaper column for the New York Ledger, popular journalist Fanny Fern (a pseudonym for Sara Payson Willis Parton) highlighted a far different moment for a woman in public. Emma Wilson, like Fern a resident of New York City, had been recently arrested “for wearing men’s apparel,” in violation of a law prohibiting women for wearing “breeches” and other clothing deemed male. Fern would continue to write about similar laws and arrests, including a June 1866 column on an arrest of a San Francisco woman for the same offense. The same action that drew laughter and applause for Lowell, and inaugurated one of Harvard’s most famous annual traditions, led to dire and damaging outcomes for these women.
In her private life, Fern experienced another set of gendered double standards: those related to marriage, law, and property. Widowed young and raising two small children (after the death of a third), unable to find work in the few fields open to women in the era, and barely supported by either her parents or her in-laws, Fern remarried Samuel P. Farrington in 1849. Farrington turned out to be abusive and violent, and two years later Fern moved out. Because Fern was not legally able to file for divorce, however, Farrington maintained the upper hand—moving away from the area to avoid having to support his wife, spreading malicious rumors that impacted her ability to find work or other support, and filing for divorce after two years on grounds of “desertion.” Had Fern not begun publishing her newspaper columns in this period—and even there her brother, writer and editor N.P. Willis, attempted to block the publication of her writing in his and other papers—she and her daughters might well have been unable to survive. Thanks to these kinds of marital and legal double standards, many 19th century women were left in precisely that situation.
The 2016 presidential campaign will no doubt include many more such double standards, questions or perceptions that affect men and women in distinct and contradictory ways. The more we can remember that gendered American history, the more we’ll be able to recognize and push back on those narratives in this potentially historic moment as well.
Ben Railton is an Associate Professor of English at Fitchburg State University and a member of the Scholars Strategy Network. | <urn:uuid:2765beb2-fe32-4a4f-9fa0-040336f09b07> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://talkingpointsmemo.com/cafe/hillary-clinton-email-colin-powell-double-standard | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.96549 | 990 | 2.15625 | 2 |
|01 November 1998|
1998-064B (25520) PANSAT 30 Oct 1998-064A (25519) STS 95 29 Oct 1998-063B (25516) GE 5 28 Oct 1998-063A (25515) AFRISTAR 28 Oct 1998-062A (25512) Progress M-40 25 Oct 1998-061B (25509) SEDSAT 1 24 Oct 1998-061A (25508) Deep Space 1 24 Oct 1998-060A (25504) SCD 2 23 Oct 1998-059A (25503) MAQSAT 3 21 Oct 1998-058A (25501) UHF F/O F9 20 Oct 1998-057A (25495) Hot Bird 5 09 Oct 1998-056B (25492) SIRIUS 3 05 Oct 1998-056A (25491) EUTELSAT W2 05 Oct 1998-055A (25489) USA 140 03 Oct
|1998-064B||PANSAT is an American communications spacecraft that was released from STS 95 at 17:20 UT. It will serve to train students at the Naval Postgraduate School. Initial orbital parameters were close to those of STS 95.|
|1998-064A||STS 95 is an American Shuttle spacecraft that was launched from Cape Canaveral at 07:19 UT. It carried resources for 80 microgravity experiments, a mini-communications spacecraft named PANSAT that was released on 30 October 1998 at 17:20 UT, the SPARTAN 201 solar observatory for deployment/recapture (on 1 November/3 November), and seven astronauts. One astronaut is a 77-year-old U.S. Senator (and the first American to orbit, 36 years ago) who will enable the first set of data on microgravity's effect on the aging process; he wrote "Hopefully, the data will help NASA's medical experts and others to develop insights and set new directions in search to alleviate medical problems that plague astronauts in space as well as the elderly on Earth. Once scientists have had a chance to analyze the data, I'm confident we'll find new avenues of promising research for combating some of the frailties of old age." (Parade magazine, 25 October 1998). Initial orbital parameters were period 95.8 min, apogee 561 km, perigee 551 km, and inclination 28.5 deg.|
|1998-063B||GE 5 is an American geosynchronous communications spacecraft that was launched to provide voice and video communications to North America. It was launched by an Ariane 44L rocket from Kourou at 22:16 UT.|
|1998-063A||AFRISTAR is a digital radio communications geosynchronous spacecraft that was launched by an Ariane 44L rocket from Kourou at 22:16 UT. It will enable radio communications to North African countries.|
|1998-062A||Progress M-40 is a Russian automatic cargo ship that was launched by a Soyuz-U rocket from Baykonur at 04:15 UT to carry cargo to the Mir station. It carried 7,285 kg of cargo including 400 kg of fuel, 2,500 kg of food, water, and scientific/engineering equipment required for the experiment (Znamia 2.5) to reflect Sun light toward Earth. It docked with Mir on 27 October. It may be the last flight of the Progress series since MIR may be deorbited into the Pacific in mid-1999. Initial orbital parameters were period 89.7 min, apogee 281 km, perigee 235 km, and inclination 51.7 deg.|
|1998-061B||SEDSAT 1 (Students for the Exploration and Development of Space) is an American mini-spacecraft that was launched by a Delta 2 rocket from Cape Canaveral. It will obtain images of the Earth and distribute them through the Web from the University of Alabama. It will also serve as a relay for amateur radio communications. Initial orbital parameters were period 101 min, apogee 1,079 km, perigee 547 km, inclination 31.4 deg.|
|1998-061A||Deep Space 1 is an experimental American spacecraft that was sent into deep space by an ion-propulsion engine after being launched by a Delta 2 rocket from Cape Canaveral. The drum-shaped 486 kg probe , which carries 80 kg of ionizable Xenon gas, is aimed to rendezvous with the asteroid 1992-KD in September 1999, and then move on to one or more cometary encounters. Ion propulsion engines require a smaller fuel mass though providing smaller acceleration compared to chemical fuels.|
|1998-060A||SCD 2 is a Brazilian (ground) environmental data relaying mini- spacecraft that was launched by a Pegasus rocket from Cape Canaveral at 00:30 UT. Initial orbital parameters were period 99.9 min, apogee 769 km, perigee 743 km, and inclination 25.0 deg.|
|1998-059A||MAQSAT 3 is a dummy payload to test the performance of the latest model of the Ariane series, Ariane 5. The rocket released an atmospheric re-entry demonstrator (ARD) also. Initial orbital parameters of MAQSAT 3 were period 666 min, apogee 36,612 km, perigee 1,152 km, and inclination 7.0 deg.|
|1998-058A||UHF F/O F9 is an American geosynchronous military communications spacecraft that was launched by an Atlas 2A rocket from Cape Canaveral Air Station.|
|1998-057A||Hot Bird 5 is a Eutelsat consortium's geosynchronous direct- broadcast communications spacecraft that was launched by an Atlas 2A rocket from Cape Canaveral. It will provide voice and video communications to Europe through 22 Ku-band transponders after parking over 13 deg-E longitude.|
|1998-056B||SIRIUS 3 is a Swedish geosynchronous communications spacecraft that was launched by an Ariane 44L rocket from Kourou at 22:51 UT. The 1,500 kg spacecraft will provide voice and video communications to Northern Europe and Scandinavia through 15 Ku-band 44 watt transponders after parking at about 5 deg-E longitude.|
|1998-056A||EUTELSAT W2 is a geosynchronous communications spacecraft of that consortium that was launched by an Ariane 44L rocket from Kourou at 22:51 UT. The 2,900 kg spacecraft will provide direct-to-home voice and video communications to North Africa, the Middle East, and Europe through its 24 (Ku-band?) transponders after parking over 16 deg-E longitude.|
|1998-055A||USA 140 is an American military spacecraft that was launched from Vandenberg AFB by a Taurus rocket.|
The last full list appeared as a part of SPX 520. The list will reappear only after major updates to the list are available.
High precision (<20 cm) GPS constellation tracking data obtained from the network of about 80 dedicated global stations that are of interest to geodetic study may be obtained through the following services provided by the International Association of Geodesy (IGS)
FTP: igscb.jpl.nasa.gov [directory /igscb] WWW: http://igscb.jpl.nasa.gov/ E-mail: email@example.com
The standard format of the GPS situation appeared in SPX-518. It will not be repeated since an excellent source of trajectory- and science-related GPS information is at http://www.utexas.edu/depts/grg/gcraft/notes/gps/gps.html#DODSystem It provides many links to GPS related databases.
The latest member of the GPS fleet is NAVSTAR 38 (1997-067A), launched on 6 November 1997.
All GLONASS spacecraft are in the general COSMOS series. The COSMOS numbers (nnnn) invoked by USSPACECOM have often differed from the numbers (NNNN) associated in Russia; when different, the USSPACECOM COSMOS numbers are shown in parentheses. The corresponding GLONASS numbers are Russian numbers, followed by the numbers in parentheses that are sometimes attributed to them outside Russia.
The operating frequencies in MHz are computed from the channel number K. Frequencies (MHz) = 1602.0 + 0.5625K and L2 = 1246.0 + 0.4375K.
The standard format of the GLONASS situation appeared in SPX-515. It will not be repeated in view of the excellent updated source at: http://www.rssi.ru/SFCSIC/glonass.html maintained by the Coordinational Scientific Information Center (CSIC),Russian Space Forces.
Designations Common Name 1998 1998-031A (25340) PROGRESS M-39 20 Oct 1998-052B (22474) R/B Ariane 44LP 26 Oct 1998-038A (25373) COSMOS 2358 22 Oct 1989-052F (20116) R/B Launch vehicle of GORIZONT 18 18 Oct 1998-054B (25486) R/B Molniya-M 14 Oct 1993-046B (22720) R/B Atlas 2 03 Jan
The SOHO spacecraft has now been resuscitated. Nine out of its 12 instruments have also been activated with five of them attaining nominal operation status.
NSSDC/WDC-A-R&S is an archival center for science data from many spacecraft.
Some data are on line for electronic access. Please contact the NSSDC Request Coordination
Code 633, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, U.S.A., for specific
Information on the current
status of the instruments on board from the investigators will be most
welcomed. Precomputed trajectory files
and orbital parameters of many magnetospheric and heliospheric science-payload
spacecraft may be FTP'ed from NSSDC's ANON_DIR:[000000.ACTIVE] and its
several subdirectories. (See About the SPACEWARN Bulletin
for access method; a file in the ACTIVE directory named AAREADME.DOC, outlines the contents.)
It can also be accessed via the WWW at:
This URL also enables executing several codes related to the orbits
of many geocentric science payload spacecraft. The codes related to
the heliospheric spacecraft trajectories can be executed through:
Magnetospheric, Planetary, and Astronomical science data from many spacecraft
may be accessed through links from the URL:
Questions/comments about the content of these pages should be directed to:
The World Warning Agency for Satellites, firstname.lastname@example.org
National Space Science Data Center, Mail Code 633
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 | <urn:uuid:63d8ddb3-0da7-49c8-b59e-f8cca5a616f6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/spacewarn/spx540.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00047-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.879368 | 2,361 | 1.960938 | 2 |
PORT SIMPSON, B.C. - The first of three votes on a natural gas benefit offer worth over $1 billion has been unanimously rejected by a First Nation on British Columbia's northwest coast.
All of the more than 180 eligible voters at a meeting in Port Simpson stood up to oppose the plan to build a liquefied-natural-gas pipeline and terminal in their territory, said Lax Kw'alaams band member Malcolm Sampson.
Pacific NorthWest LNG, which is mostly owned by Malaysia-based oil and gas giant Petronas, has applied to build an export terminal on Lelu Island, just south of Prince Rupert at the head of the Skeena River.
Residents have raised concerns over the project's environmental impact, citing the site's problematic location and the threat it poses to the watershed.
"Why would you build an LNG plant right at the mouth of the Skeena River?" said Sampson, who spoke at Tuesday's meeting. "There of all places."
Sampson said the $1.15-billion offer in benefits over 40 years was not discussed at all during the meeting, which took place in a school gym so packed that some band members had to stand outside.
"Too much was at stake to wipe out a whole river," said the father of eight and grandfather of 20. He described the atmosphere at the meeting, where both proponents and the band council made presentations, as "very tense."
Luanne Roth of the T. Buck Suzuki Foundation said an estimated 60 per cent of the Skeena estuary's eel grass is located immediately off Lelu Island, which she described as critical salmon habitat.
"It's in the worst place they could have chosen in the whole north coast," she said of the proposed LNG site.
Information posted on the band's website notes the proposal would provide an initial $27.8 million. Annual payments would then begin at nearly $13 million and end with $50.5 million in the 40th year.
The deal would provide 2,200 hectares of land in the Prince Rupert harbour area, worth about $108 million, and would promise jobs for qualified Tsimshian workers.
Further information on the site says that in exchange, Lelu Island and its traditional plants and medicines would be off limits to Lax Kw'alaams members. As many as 431 culturally modified trees could be destroyed if the deal goes ahead, it adds.
About 120 kilometres of the pipeline would rest on the seabed, which, the document says, could negatively impact fish and their habitat, alter access to traditional fishing grounds and contaminate seafood through dredging.
The remaining members of the 3,700-strong band will have an opportunity to vote following two information sessions in Prince Rupert and Vancouver over the coming week.
Lax Kw'alaams Mayor Garry Reece said the band council would not comment on the outcome of the initial vote until members living outside of Port Simpson have had an opportunity to cast their ballots.
Pacific NorthWest LNG president Michael Culbert declined comment but thanked the Lax Kw'alaams council for the invitation to present to the community.
"Out of respect to the ongoing process overseen by mayor and council, it is premature and improper to comment further," Culbert said an email.
Port Simpson resident Donnie Wesley, who voted no on Tuesday, said his people wanted to send a clear message to the provincial and federal governments that his community takes environmental issues seriously.
"It was a proud moment for our people," said the lifelong fisherman. "We stood our ground." | <urn:uuid:22287eca-5fc2-464e-9544-66cbcc75fc64> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://infotel.ca/newsitem/bc-first-nation-says-no-to-more-than-1b-in-first-stage-of-lng-vote/it19262 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720380.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00056-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.97379 | 741 | 1.75 | 2 |
Endogenous job specialization
According to some authors, technical change contributes to the explanation of the increase in equilibrium unemployment by making jobs more and more specialized. Here, we assume that firms optimally adapt the specialization of jobs to overall labour market conditions. Using a matching labour market framework, we show that the increase in unemployment can explain the higher specialization of jobs.
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- Barbara Petrongolo & Christopher Pissarides, 2000.
"Looking into the black box: a survey of the matching function,"
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2122, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
- Christopher A. Pissarides & Barbara Petrongolo, 2001. "Looking into the Black Box: A Survey of the Matching Function," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 39(2), pages 390-431, June.
- Petrongolo, Barbara & Pissarides, Christopher, 2000. "Looking Into The Black Box: A Survey Of The Matching Function," CEPR Discussion Papers 2409, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
- Barbara Petrongolo & Christopher A. Pissarides, 2000. "Looking Into the Black Box: A Survey of the Matching Function," CEP Discussion Papers dp0470, Centre for Economic Performance, LSE.
- Daron Acemoglu, 1998.
"Changes in Unemployment and Wage Inequality: An Alternative Theory and Some Evidence,"
NBER Working Papers
6658, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Daron Acemoglu, 1999. "Changes in Unemployment and Wage Inequality: An Alternative Theory and Some Evidence," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 89(5), pages 1259-1278, December.
- Acemoglu, D., 1996. "Changes in Unemployment and Wage Inequality: An Alternative Theory and Some Evidence," Working papers 96-15, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Department of Economics.
- Acemoglu, Daron, 1996. "Changes in Unemployment and Wage Inequality: An Alternative Theory and Some Evidence," CEPR Discussion Papers 1459, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
- Coen N. Teulings & Pieter A. Gautier, 2000.
"The Right Man for the Job,"
Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers
00-038/3, Tinbergen Institute.
- Christopher A. Pissarides, 2000. "Equilibrium Unemployment Theory, 2nd Edition," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 1, volume 1, number 0262161877, December.
- Arthur J. Hosios, 1990. "On The Efficiency of Matching and Related Models of Search and Unemployment," Review of Economic Studies, Oxford University Press, vol. 57(2), pages 279-298.
- Marimon, Ramon & Zilibotti, Fabrizio, 1999.
"Unemployment vs. Mismatch of Talents: Reconsidering Unemployment Benefits,"
Royal Economic Society, vol. 109(455), pages 266-91, April.
- Ramon Marimon & Fabrizio Zilibotti, 1997. "Unemployment vs. Mismatch of Talents: Reconsidering Unemployment Benefits," NBER Working Papers 6038, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Ramon Marimon & Fabrizio Zilibotti, 1997. "Unemployment vs. mismatch of talents: Reconsidering unemployment benefits," Economics Working Papers 211, Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra.
- Marimon, Ramon & Zilibotti, Fabrizio, 1998. "Unemployment vs. Mismatch of Talents: Reconsidering Unemployment Benefits," Seminar Papers 661, Stockholm University, Institute for International Economic Studies.
- Paul R. Krugman, 1994.
"Past and prospective causes of high unemployment,"
Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, issue Q IV, pages 23-43.
- Paul R. Krugman, 1994. "Past and prospective causes of high unemployment," Proceedings - Economic Policy Symposium - Jackson Hole, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, issue Jan, pages 49-98.
- James Albrecht & Susan Vroman, 2002.
"A Matching Model with Endogenous Skill Requirements,"
International Economic Review,
Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 43(1), pages 283-305, February.
- James Albrecht & Susan Vroman, 2000. "A Matching Model with Endogenous Skill Requirements," Econometric Society World Congress 2000 Contributed Papers 0774, Econometric Society.
- Pissarides, C A, 1979. "Job Matchings with State Employment Agencies and Random Search," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 89(356), pages 818-33, December.
- Gautier, Pieter A, 2002. "Unemployment and Search Externalities in a Model with Heterogeneous Jobs and Workers," Economica, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 69(273), pages 21-40, February.
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Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services. | <urn:uuid:48519584-4600-40f9-bdf2-fc8125943909> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/ecmode/v26y2009i2p328-334.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719566.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00262-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.785958 | 1,513 | 1.632813 | 2 |
In the 2015 and 2016 fighting seasons, the Taliban, as the largest and umbrella insurgency group in Afghanistan, showed that they are capable of conventional warfare and significant territory seizure. They have changed their fighting strategy from blowing up roadside improvised explosive devices (IEDs) to targeting strategic government assets. They were able to capture the city of Kunduz in 2015 and 2016, and severely threaten the main cities of Helmand, Uruzgan and Farah (Ali, 2015; Aljazeera, 2017). The Taliban have been able to secure themselves some respect by steady advances in capturing territory and in attacking Afghanistan’s major cities.
The intensity of fighting in Afghanistan gives critical indications about the current situation facing the nation. The continuous trend of incidents like the March 8, 2017 attack on the military hospital in Kabul, the April 27, 2017 attack on the 209 corps in Balkh, and the recent bomb blast on May 31, 2017 in the well-secured diplomatic quarter of Kabul may demoralize the Afghan security forces, increase discord among the people, and create more barriers to peace in the country (Nabikhel, 2017; 1tvnews, 2017; Aljazeera, 2017). Increase in similar incidents can also intensify ethnic tensions, further deteriorating the stability of the National Unity Government.
All sides involved in the ongoing conflict in Afghanistan need to understand that peace will not come by continuing the fight. Warring parties have regional and international support, which makes a conclusive military victory unlikely for either side. Additionally, the Afghan government, the Taliban, other countries in the region, and the international community—in particular the United States—will have to accept a compromise and make sacrifices in order for peace to be restored. With the exception of Pakistan (which controls the Taliban), the sides involved in the conflict have shown some orientation towards peace talks; however, they need to become more active in pursuing a peace deal between the Afghan government and the Taliban. Moscow talks in December 2016, February 2017, and April 2017, and the recent Kabul Process Conference in June 2017 aimed to bring stakeholders of the Afghan conflict around the same table in order to create momentum and to come to some common agreement on how to work together for a peaceful Afghanistan (Tolonews, 2016; Amiri, 2017; 1tvnews, 2017; Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2017). The remainder of this article will discuss what each party needs to consider for compromise.
The Government of Afghanistan
Striking a peace deal with the Taliban will come at a cost to the government and the people of Afghanistan. The Taliban, given their recent successes in the fight, will not surrender and easily accept the unilateral terms set by the government of Afghanistan.
Instead the Afghan government needs to be prepared to share power with the Taliban. This is an important strategy for incentivizing the group to come to the negotiating table. This is the time for the government to hold critical internal discussions on exactly what a power-sharing agreement with the Taliban would look like.
The Afghan government is limited by the mindset it has created in striking a peace deal with Hizb-e-Islami Afghanistan (HIA), in which HIA was not offered a power-sharing deal. The Taliban are a far greater threat to the government’s authority than the HIA used to be. The Taliban claims to control more than 50% of the country’s territory, and are able to penetrate areas very tightly secured by the government (Roggio, 2017). Thus, the deal offered to Taliban should be compelling enough for the Taliban to stop fighting and join the political process.
Similarly, the Taliban will have to make compromises and radically change their behavior in order to become part of a peace process. Firstly, the Taliban will have to agree to some form of a ceasefire as an initial step for talks. As a third party, the United Nations could guarantee that the ceasefire will be mutual. It will not be considered as a weakness of the Taliban, but merely the confidence-building necessary for entering into peace talks. The Taliban will have to agree to the constitution of Afghanistan and commit to sustain and build upon the government’s achievements over the last sixteen years, specifically in areas such as education, human rights, and women’s rights. While the withdrawal of foreign troops is a priority condition that the Taliban may put on the table, they will have to show flexibility to negotiate a timeline. The United States and the international community need to assure that they will withdraw their forces, as they have promised, after a peace deal is signed between the Afghan government and the Taliban and terrorists are denied safe haven in the country (Dostyar, 2017).
While the international community and the United States play a crucial role in the peace process, the roles of regional countries such as Pakistan, Iran, China, and Russia are equally important. An unstable Afghanistan is a threat to the region, specifically to China and Russia, with their growing military and economic powers. Pakistan and Iran, although hesitant, have realized that instability in Afghanistan is a growing threat to their own national security. Thus, the cost of living without peace in Afghanistan is exponentially higher for those regional countries. Regional countries have to realize that there is a need for a regional consensus both on including the Taliban in the peace talks and on restoring peace by any means possible.
China’s interest in assisting the peace process is of significant importance. China has the ability to take serious steps towards pressuring Pakistan, its close ally, to be fully transparent during the peace process and bring the Taliban to the talks. The same holds true for Russia. Although no concrete evidence is available, Russia should by no means support the Taliban with arms and finances and should use their relations with Pakistan and the Taliban instead to encourage cooperation in future peace talks.
Pakistan’s role is of the utmost importance to the peace process. There seems to be a realization in Pakistan that the continuation of the insurgency is not in the country’s best interest. However, the government of Pakistan seems to also imply that any end to the insurgency and terms of a peace agreement should result in a good deal for Pakistan. Pakistan thinks it deserves this role because it has the ability to disrupt things if not heard.
The attitude of Pakistan’s government is a significant barrier towards peace talks. The people of Afghanistan should be the ones concerned with the results of a peace process. No external stakeholder should impose terms that violate the sovereignty of the Afghan people. The ultimate decision makers ought to be the people of Afghanistan. In the same vein, the people know what price they have been paying and what level of sacrifice is necessary for restoring peace in their country.
While the stakes have become high for all stakeholders, Pakistan must change its behavior for the good of its own country, the region, and the world at large. Although some of Pakistan’s fears, such as the growing influence of India in Afghanistan, are valid and need to be addressed, Pakistan must not dictate the terms of an Afghan peace deal and must allow the Taliban to participate independently in peace talks. Pakistan will also have to abandon its “strategic depth” vision of turning Afghanistan into a client state and accept Afghanistan’s absolute sovereignty (Institute for the Study of War).
It is of great importance that the international community, particularly the United States supports an Afghan-owned and an Afghan-led peace process. The fact that they provide a great deal of funding to the Afghan government should not give them the right to dictate terms in the potential peace deal with the Taliban.
Additionally, Afghanistan’s Western allies need to accept that democracy in Afghanistan will not mirror Jeffersonian democracy, and it will always have its context specific improvisations. The international community and the United States need to realize the fact that Afghanistan will have to follow its own path in restoring peace and interpreting democratic principles.
Furthermore, the international community, particularly the United States, needs to exert pressure on Pakistan to ensure they allow some degree of independence to the Taliban during the potential talks. This can be done through releasing regular statements in support of an Afghan-owned and Afghan-led peace process; regular official calls upon Pakistan to close terrorist sanctuaries; isolating Pakistan; cutting military aides to Pakistan; and if need be, imposing targeted sanctions against Pakistani military, intelligence agencies, and specific individuals.
In summary, it is in the benefit of all concerned parties in the Afghan conflict—internal and external—to advocate, cooperate, and actively contribute in making a peace deal possible between the Afghan government and the Taliban. In order to work on this goal, all concerned parties will need to make sacrifices and compromises. Now is the time for all stakeholders of the Afghan conflict to have internal, bilateral, and multilateral discussions and to prepare for a deal that will ensure a sustainable peace for the people of Afghanistan.
1tvnews.af. (2017, june 11). 1tvnews.af. Retrieved from 1tvnews.af: http://1tvnews.af/en/news/afghanistan/28693-afghanistan-to-attend-moscow...
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Ali, O. (2015 йил 16-october). Afghanistan-Analysts.org. Retrieved 2017 йил 9-June from Afghanistan-Analysts.org: https://www.afghanistan-analysts.org/the-2015-insurgency-in-the-north-3-...
Aljazeera.com. (2017, may 31). aljazeera.com. Retrieved from aljazeera.com: http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/05/huge-blast-rocks-kabul-diplomatic-...
Aljazeera.com. (2017, feb 23). www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved from www.aljazeera.com: http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/peopleandpower/2017/02/afghanistan-f...
Amiri, S. S. (2017, Feb 15). tolonews.com. Retrieved from tolonews.com: http://www.tolonews.com/afghanistan/six-nation-talks-moscow-ponder-afgha...
Dostyar, A. (2017). The Challenges and Opportunities of a Negotiated Settlement in Afghanistan. Strategic Analysis. doi:10.1080/09700161.2016.1249186
Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2017, june 6). Retrieved from mfa.gov.af: http://mfa.gov.af/en/page/the-kabul-process
Nabikhel, F. (2017, April 25). afghanistantimes.af. Retrieved from afghanistantimes.af: http://afghanistantimes.af/defense-minister-army-chief-resigned-over-bal...
Pakistan and Afghanistan. (n.d.). Institute for the Study of War. Retrieved June 11, 2017, from http://www.understandingwar. org/pakistan-and-afghanistan
Roggio, B. (2017, March 28). longwarjournal.org. Retrieved from longwarjournal.org: http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2017/03/afghan-taliban-lists-perc...
ToloNews.com. (2016, december 30). tolonews.com. Retrieved from tolonews.com: http://www.tolonews.com/afghanistan/taliban-welcomes-moscow-talks | <urn:uuid:f7392155-719d-46d1-a343-2d4fcc7f8e28> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://beyondintractability.org/reflection/arsalai-compromise-in-afghanistan | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00466.warc.gz | en | 0.924187 | 2,467 | 2.65625 | 3 |
‘Tis the season.
After a long year marked by a pandemic and a historic election, it’s finally time to relax, spend some time with family and catch your breath before revving up for another Legislative Session.
The Legislature will have a lot on its plate next year, but there will be plenty of time to worry about budget holes and policy food fights in a few weeks.
For now, we bring you a look at Christmas lights and lobbyists — or, those individuals and organizations whose work helps ensure the very things that define the holiday.
We’re using the classic carol “The 12 Days of Christmas” as our lens to combine the political with the Noel. The tune started “either as a children’s song or a Christmas carol in the late 18th or mid-19th century,” according to a story on Mental Floss.
The site digs up some interesting details, including how the lyrics changed over the years. For instance, what we now sing as four “calling birds” has previously been “canary birds,” “mockingbirds,” and “collie birds,” an old term for blackbirds.
“In Sinatra’s version, he replaces the traditional gifts of birds with things he’d like: ‘Five ivory combs, Four mission lights, Three golf clubs, Two silken scarfs, and a most lovely lavender tie.’”
All that goes to say: We don’t feel bad appropriating the song yet again. With that …
On the first day of Christmas, my true love gave to me: A Partridge in a Pear Tree.
Most of the gifts in the 12 Days of Christmas are birds … partridges, doves, hens, geese, calling birds and swans. With so many on the list, we couldn’t get the word “bird” off our mind, which naturally reminds us of Bird Rides. The company is one of the biggest names in micro-mobility, and thanks to a framework passed by the Legislature in 2019, chances are their e-scooters are popping up in a city near you — maybe there’s one leaning up against that pear … err, orange tree on your way to work. It took a lot of lobbyists working for a lot of scooter companies to help the emerging sector get a foothold in Florida, and Bird Rides has some of the best: Brian Ballard, Bradley Burleson, Jose Diaz and Katherine San Pedro of Ballard Partners.
On the second day of Christmas, my true love gave to me: Two Turtle Doves.
Turtle doves are an interesting species. They are fast fliers, have a distinctive call, and tend to mate for life with the parents working together to raise their offspring — up to six broods of them a year. And they are in Florida year-round. Like other birds, their well-being is greatly affected by the environment. That’s where Audubon Florida comes in. The group advocates for environmental conservation and restoration efforts that will keep birds of all kinds, even turtle doves, flying around the state for generations to come. Often, that means sending lobbyists to Tallahassee. Their team includes in-house advocates Elizabeth Alvi and Charles Lee as well as Diana Ferguson of Rutledge Ecenia.
On the third day of Christmas, my true love gave to me: Three French Hens.
French hens may sound fancy, but there’s not a lot separating them from your average American hen. In fact, Faverolles — one of the few distinctly French breeds of chicken — are bred more for show than for eggs or meat. All that to say, you’d be better off picking up three roasters from Publix than searching for a mythical hen that most likely stems from a homonymic joke. When it comes to doing business in the Legislature, Publix has Matt Bryan, Jeff Hartley and Teye Reeves of Smith Bryan & Myers as well as Jorge Chamizo of Floridian Partners on its side.
On the fourth day of Christmas, my true love gave to me: Four Calling Birds.
While the practice of transmitting messages by carrier pigeon has sadly fallen out of fashion, the communications industry is bigger than ever, and growing. Everyone who has spent time around Adams Street knows the political power of AT&T. The telecom giant employs no fewer than 50 legislative lobbyists, including some of the biggest names in the business: Al Cardenas, Ron Book and Marty Fiorentino to name just a few, along with a healthy stable of in-house talent.
On the fifth day of Christmas, my true love gave to me: Five Golden Rings.
Gold is the inspiration behind modern banking. Wells Fargo — one of the biggest names in the industry — got their start in the 1850s by buying gold on the west coast and selling bank drafts. Many banks have similar provenance, but they all have one thing in common: a lobbying team that’s as good as gold. Wells Fargo has Chris Dudley, Paul Mitchell and Monte Stevens of The Southern Group; Bank of America has Jon Johnson and Diane Carr of Johnson & Blanton; and JP Morgan Chase has Dean Cannon, Joseph Salzverg, Robert Stuart and Jason Unger of GrayRobinson.
On the sixth day of Christmas, my true love gave to me: Six Geese a Laying.
Geese can lay down anywhere — in a barn, in a box, it doesn’t matter — but people are a little pickier. While a few people have spent Christmas in a manger, there are more suitable accommodations available no matter where you find yourself. Don’t believe us? Take a gander at Expedia and you’ll find hundreds of hotels to choose from, ranging from low-cost to lap of luxury. The travel booking site does a lot of business in Florida, and it relies on Jennifer Green, Melanie Bostick and Tim Parson of Liberty Partners to keep it apprised of what’s going on in the Capitol.
On the seventh day of Christmas, my true love gave to me: Seven Swans a Swimming.
The water may be a little chilly right now, but it’ll be perfect swimming weather before you know it. The Florida Swimming Pool Association probably wouldn’t recommend filling your pool with swans, but they have developed some tried and true advice on water safety and proper pool care during their 60 years serving the state. When they need a deep dive into what’s going on in the Florida Legislature, they turn to Mario Bailey, Carlos Cruz, Lauren DePriest, Cesar Fernandez, Kari Hebrank, Jonathan Kilman, Paul Lowell and Elnatan Rudolph of Converge Government Affairs of Florida.
On the eighth day of Christmas, my true love gave to me: Eight Maids a Milking.
Milk maids may seem antiquated nowadays, but the industry they worked in is alive and well. Agriculture has always been one of the biggest industries in Florida, but during the pandemic-induced tourism slump, it officially took the No. 1 spot. There’s no shortage of agricultural interests looking to lobby lawmakers in the Capitol, and many of them have signed Hopping Green & Sams to handle their affairs. David Childs, Gary Hunter, Eileen Stuart and the rest of the HGS team represent a cornucopia of ag clients, including Farmland Reserve, the Florida Farm Bureau Federation, the Florida Fruit & Vegetable Association, the Sugar Cane Growers Cooperative of Florida and Mosaic Fertilizer.
On the ninth day of Christmas, my true love gave to me: Nine Ladies Dancing.
Thankfully, these ladies got the CDC memo about limiting groups to 10 or fewer. Most Floridians haven’t been out dancing in ages, but bars and restaurants are working overtime to make sure that when customers walk through the door, they’ll have a fun — and safe — time. The Florida Restaurant and Lodging Association has been helping establishments by developing reopening and sanitation guidelines and by advocating for policies that help them keep their doors open. Helping FRLA in the Capitol are James Daughton, Warren Husband, Douglas Bell, Patricia Greene, Allison Liby-Schoonover and Aimee Diaz Lyon of Metz Husband & Daughton.
On the tenth day of Christmas, my true love gave to me: Ten Lords a Leaping.
Aristocratic titles didn’t leap over the Atlantic to the New World, but some high-society pastimes did. Take golf, for instance. The game was a favorite of Scottish lords as far back as the late 13th century. While Scotland is still a golfing force, Florida is king. There are more than 1,300 golf courses in the Sunshine State, and a few of them make a cameo on millions of TVs during the PGA’s annual Florida swing. The PGA has deep roots in Florida and it has a big team of lobbyists on retainer, including Marty Fiorentino, John Delaney, Davis Bean, Joseph Mobley, Mark Pinto and Shannan Schuessler of The Fiorentino Group; Jeff Sharkey and Taylor Biehl of Capitol Alliance Group; and the crew at Ballard Partners.
On the eleventh day of Christmas, my true love gave to me: 11 Pipers Piping.
In the four years since voters green-lit the medical marijuana amendment, the state’s cannabis industry has grown like a weed. Trulieve is the biggest player in Florida, with more than 60 dispensaries and, coincidentally, 11 pipers helping them push pro-pot policies in the Capitol. The bulk of their corps is the team at Capital City Consulting, including Nick Iarossi, Ron LaFace, Justin Day, Megan Fay, Andrew Ketchel, Scott Ross and Chris Schoonover. They also have Nicole Graganella and Katherine Webb of Colodny Fass as well as Sean Pittman and Brett Heuchan on retainer.
On the twelfth day of Christmas, my true love gave to me: 12 Drummers Drumming.
The world lost a lot of great people this year, including one of the best drummers to ever pick up a pair of sticks — when Neil Peart got going, it sounded like a dozen drummers were banging away. And in concert, he sounded like 2,112 of them. While concerts are few and far between right now, vaccines could allow them to return in force next year. When they do, Live Nation will be waiting to sell you a ticket. Mike Corcoran and Matt Blair of Corcoran Partners represent Live Nation in Tallahassee. | <urn:uuid:7b2cab08-124a-47f9-af5d-9f8d39659785> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://floridapolitics.com/archives/390639-the-12-days-of-christmas-are-brought-to-you-by-these-florida-lobbyists-and-political-organizations/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00076.warc.gz | en | 0.945072 | 2,263 | 1.578125 | 2 |
Analysis of sources and sinks of atmospheric nitrous oxide (N2O)
- Author(s): Cicerone, RJ
- et al.
Published Web Locationhttps://doi.org/10.1029/jd094id15p18265
Here I use a simple model to place constraints on the relative sizes of N2O sources in the northern and southern hemispheres (NH and SH). Using measurements of the rate of temporal increase of atmospheric nitrous oxide (N2O) concentrations and observations of their cross-equator differences, I calculate the total sources of N2O for the (NH and SH). The NH source ΦN must exceed the SH source ΦS; their ratio R = (ΦN/ΦS) is between 1.7 and 2.4 for the case where the NH concentration is 1 ppb higher than that in the SH. When the NH concentration is 0.75 ppb higher, R is between 1.5 and 1.9. -from Author | <urn:uuid:a11ebdd3-b79e-4098-923d-64a7de7a3655> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://escholarship.org/uc/item/41t0x49p | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571987.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813202507-20220813232507-00275.warc.gz | en | 0.901655 | 215 | 2.46875 | 2 |
FriendFinder Networks has been tracking orgasms around the world as part of its mission to improve the sex lives of people everywhere. It has identified some troubling trends.
“When we combine statistics for Sex Frequency and Population by Age, we calculate what we call Peak Orgasm,” said Andrew Conru, PhD and CEO of FriendFinder Networks. “This allows us to locate where the most people in the world are having the most sex at any given time. What we discovered surprised and disturbed us.”
A Disturbing Trend in Orgasms
FriendFinder Networks’ Peak Orgasm studies show:
- Japan reached Peak Orgasm in 1993 and has been on a steady decline ever since.
- The U.S. is just on the crest of Peak Orgasm, but its growth is at risk. Statistics warn of a downhill slump to come.
- Central Africa, Pakistan and India are on their way up, up, and up to almost 5 times as many orgasm in 2050 than today.
What do these trends mean to orgasm seekers worldwide? Is the U.S. doomed to its fate as a nation of dwindling orgasms? Or can something be done to turn things around before it’s too late?
To answer these questions, let’s take a deeper look at the International Peak Orgasm Index.
International Peak Orgasm Index
Peak Orgasm Formula
FriendFinder Networks has developed a simple formula for Peak Orgasm:
When you multiply the number of people of a given age by the number of times people of that age have sex per year and add each of those numbers, you get Peak Orgasm. Peak Orgasm is where the most people are having sex at any given time.
Sex Frequency by Age Index
To put this formula to work, let’s first look at the worldwide frequency people are having sex by age.
As expected, we found that rates of sexual activity decline as people age, with sex peaking in the 20-40 age range and tapering off later in life. Note the gender differences in rates of decline with women having more sex in their 20′s while men show an increase in their 30′s and 40′s.
Source: http://www.iub.edu/~kinsey/resources/FAQ.html Kinsey Report (2010)
Population by Age Index
Next, let’s review the current, past and projected future age distribution of people around the world. When we combine these statistics with our Sex Frequency by Age Index, we’ll be able to see who’s having the most sex, where, and when.
World Population by Age Index
We can see that age distribution in the world population at large declines at a fairly steady rate with minimal bumps and spikes.
This means that worldwide, people are having more and more sex. In fact, FriendFinder Networks’ studies show that right now, worldwide sex takes place an estimated 223 billion times per year, with about 2,130,892 doing it right now!
However, when we break down age distribution by individual country, a much different story emerges that will have a substantial impact on Peak Orgasm.
Japan Population by Age Index
Japan’s age distribution index shows a rapidly aging population. The estimated percentage of births in 2015 (<5.0%) is well below stable population replacement rate (2.1 births per woman). Paired with our Sex Frequency by Age Index, this does not bode well for the future of Japan’s Peak Orgasm. In fact, they have already reached “Peak Orgasm” in 1994!
U.S. Population by Age Index
The U.S. age distribution index is smooth with ample curves, but the Peak Orgasm future it predicts is only slightly less foreboding than Japan’s. Large population spikes, such as the post-WWII baby boom increase from 1946 to 1964, travel up the index as the population ages. And as we know from our Sex Frequency by Age Index, as a population ages, it has less sex.
As we can see from this graph, the U.S. will hit Peak Orgasm in 2016 and, if nothing changes, it’s all downhill for the next thirty years!
International Peak Orgasm Index
When we combine our Sex Frequency by Age Index and our Population by Age Index for various countries, we are able to calculate World Peak Orgasm. World Peak Orgasm is the measure of where the most people in the world are having the most sex at any given time.
This graph shows the Peak Orgasm status of some of the world’s most populated countries. We can see the U.S. following in Japan’s footsteps on a long, slow Peak Orgasm decline, while Egypt and India rise to Peak Orgasm glory.
The Future of Peak Orgasm
Is the U.S. doomed to declining Peak Orgasm? What can be done to stave off this sorry trend? And why track Peak Orgasm in the first place?
Great sex makes life better and FriendFinder Networks’ mission is to improve the sex lives of people everywhere. By tracking World Peak Orgasm Epicenters and improving its understanding of where and when people are most sexually active, FriendFinder can tailor its adult dating sites and products to the world’s ever-changing population.
This means more and better sex for coming-of-age populations and aging populations, alike. Better sex for everyone can shift declining Peak Orgasm rates, improve quality of life for people everywhere, and spike World Peak Orgasm off the charts. | <urn:uuid:9951dd12-0f70-43f8-b23f-8f0cf15bf006> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://peakorgasm.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721174.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00282-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.935064 | 1,199 | 1.640625 | 2 |
What is Acne Vulgaris?
Acne vulgaris is a common skin problem. It is known by its symptoms, areas of skin with seborrhea (scaly, red skin), comedones (whiteheads and blackheads), papules (pinheads), pustules (pimples), nodules (large papules), and possible scarring.
Acne typically invades areas with a high density of follicles- including the face, upper chest, and the back. Severe acne is typically inflammatory, but many types of acne can also appear in noninflammatory forms.
While acne most typically plagues teenagers, anyone of any age can get acne – even babies. Acne is a systematic breakdown in the pores’ natural process. The pores of all skin contain two elements – a hair follicle and an oil gland. Oil is secreted in this pore to help keep the face clean. It absorbs dirt, dead skin, and other impurities. When you wipe away this oil, you wipe away the impurities and dead skin along with it. Thereby, you have clean, fresh skin on your face.
Acne occurs when the system breaks down. The oil is overproduced, the pore doesn’t allow for the oil to escape, or a combination of the two results in a blemish. It can be any type of blemish – comedone, papule, pustule, or nodule. If inflammation accompanies the blemish, you can also get seborrhea. However it presents itself, acne is no fun for the recipient.
Acne can appear as just a few stray pimples, as a full-fledged body breakout, or anywhere in-between. Acne can lessen over time or as you get older, but it can also get worse. There seems to be no “by the book” form of acne, as each individual case is different.
What Causes Acne Vulgaris?
If you’re not sure exactly what is acne vulgaris, do an Internet search for acne vulgaris pictures. You will instantly see hundreds of pictures of the different manifestations of acne vulgaris. You will be able to discern right away whether your bright red blemish is acne or something else entirely. If you’re still not sure, you should probably see a dermatologist. A dermatologist can help you to correctly identify your condition, and if appropriate, offer different acne vulgaris treatment options.
Did you see any of the 50’s shows, where unsuspecting teens were told to avoid greasy foods to prevent those nasty facial bumps? Boy, were they wrong! Research has now found that there is no link between eating french fries and having your face look like a connect-the-dots picture. Let’s take a look at what scientists have nailed down for possible causes of acne outbreaks:
- Heredity. Get out your parents’ yearbooks, and see if their faces were clear. If they weren’t, it’s likely that you will face acne problems. Although the exact gene hasn’t been located, it is widely believed that acne is passed down in the gene pool just like eye color and the family nose. There’s not much you can do about it, except lament your parents’ genes. Of course, it wasn’t their fault, either!
- Hormonal changes. That’s right, teens! Your changing hormones are likely culprits for those nasty outbreaks. This is why acne is seen more in teenagers than adults. Those raging hormones cause oil secretion to skyrocket, which leads to higher probability that blockages will occur. This is also why we see baby acne. Babies have lingering hormones from their mother while in utero. These lingering hormones can stay in baby’s system for up to 3 months, causing that sweet baby face to have tiny little breakouts. No worries, though. As baby eliminates mom’s hormones, that acne will clear up.
- Stress. Stress triggers oil production, so unmanaged stress increases the chances of having a nasty acne flare up. Keep reading to see how managing stress can help to keep your face clear.
- Hair products or makeup. Your cosmetics could be causing your acne flare ups! Products that contain oils in them could clog up those pores, especially around the hairline.
- Certain medications. Some of the medications you take could be causing acne flare ups. Drugs that treat depression, epileptic seizures, thyroid problems, and bipolar disease can cause acne to flare up. This is NOT a reason to discontinue use of prescription medication that your doctor has deemed necessary for you. If you are having trouble with acne flare ups, visit your doctor to discuss possible solutions.
- High levels of humidity (sweating). When you sweat, you send your pores into overdrive. The oil mixes in with sweat, and although this is a great way to cleanse your face, if you don’t wipe that sweat away, it will settle back down into your pores, causing breakouts.
How to Treat Acne
There are several ways you can treat acne, and it will depend on your individual case, dedication to eliminating acne, and how much acne is interfering with your daily life. For lighter cases of acne, here are a few suggestions:
1. Keep your face clean. Washing your face in the morning and at night will go a long way to eliminating break outs. Dust, dirt, grime, air pollution, and sweat accumulate on your face, and washing it off is a great way to keep your face clean.
2. Use a gentle cleanser. You don’t want an abrasive cleanser on your face. Choose a gentle, non-oily cleanser to keep your face clean.
3. Sweat. Sweating is a great way to eliminate impurities from your pores. Exercise helps to promote hormonal balance in your body, too. As long as you take a shower after exercising, working up a sweat is a great way to keep your face clear.
4. Get some Benzoyl Peroxide. You can find this in over the counter cleansers. It’s a great way to keep your face clean and clear.
What is Acne Vulgaris keeping you from?
If your case of acne is more severe, or if you feel like it plays a bigger part in your life than it should, you might want to see a dermatologist. Dermatologists can analyze your skin and help you to find the right kind of treatment for you
How to treat pimple inside nose
Get some tips on dealing with a nasty nose pimple… | <urn:uuid:85cc181b-5391-4228-9080-c266fd246edb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://clearskinstudy.com/what-is-acne-vulgaris/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00269.warc.gz | en | 0.936159 | 1,387 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Early detection of later dementia: Cognitive, demographic, and biological markers
2012 (English)In: International Journal of Psychology, ISSN 0020-7594, E-ISSN 1464-066X, Vol. 47, no Spec, 118-118 p.Article in journal, Meeting abstract (Other academic) Published
In most societies, there is an increasing proportion of old and very old in the population. This is a positive development in the sense that it reflects societal and medical accomplishments. However, it also means that a growing number of people will experience age-related problems like cognitive decline and dementia, and thereby a diminished quality of life. Intense research is currently being conducted in many laboratories in the world in order to identify early those persons who later will undergo a cognitive decline or develop dementia. By early detection of these individuals, various treatments might be more efficient than presently, when treatments are given much later at the time of diagnosis of cognitive decline or dementia. The present address will provide a list of early markers that have the potential of discovering those individuals already in middle age, who later will be experiencing these age-related problems. These markers differ in nature; they are cognitive, biological or demographic. A great challenge in contemporary research is to understand how these markers can serve as individual risk factors or as interactive risk factors. Empirical data on early cognitive performance, overweight in middle age, certain genes, beta-amyloid, and metabolites will be presented and discussed as to how they can serve as predictors (each factor separately or in interactions with other factors) for cognitive decline and dementia in late life.
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2012. Vol. 47, no Spec, 118-118 p.
early detection, dementia, cognitive markers, demographic markers, biological markers
Research subject Psychology
IdentifiersURN: urn:nbn:se:su:diva-86940DOI: 10.1080/00207594.2012.709089ISI: 000307377701444OAI: oai:DiVA.org:su-86940DiVA: diva2:599908
XXX International Congress of Psychology | <urn:uuid:274905fd-d81d-487d-8b35-46d57340b1ff> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://su.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:599908 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721355.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00013-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.888478 | 449 | 2.15625 | 2 |
- Gather the necessary supplies.
- Start with your compressed air.
- Homemade laptop screen cleaner.
- Commence screen cleaning.
- Dry your clean laptop monitor.
- Detailed LCD screen cleaning.
Let there be no question: our lives today are ruled by computers. For many of us, they’re our lifeline. They’re the means by which we conduct both our business and our personal lives. We have become so umbilically attached to them that it’s utterly sickening. Sickening…and awesome. My dependence on this stupid little machine in front of me is oftentimes what gets my lazy ass out of bed in the morning. Not only do I want to read the latest news headlines and check the day’s forecast, I also want to check my friends’ and family’s status updates so I can stay informed about all the little mundane happenings in their lives, while swearing loudly about their political opinions.
Because of my (and so many others’ like me) obsessive desire to be near the computer at all times, the world has presented us with laptops. Now we practically never have to be without our precious little interwebs. We can take our laptops to hotels, coffee shops, bookstores, parks, restaurants, and…well…anywhere else we want. The only downside to this is that the more often we use them and the more places we take them, the more shite gets splattered on them, spilled on them, and built up on them. And so comes the required knowledge of how to clean laptop screens. Happily, cleaning laptop screens is neither difficult nor time consuming. If, however, you’re a little fuzzy on the specifics of cleaning laptop screens, just read this article and learn how to clean your laptop screen properly and safely.
Steps to Clean a Laptop Screen
- Gather the necessary supplies. You don’t need too many supplies to clean a laptop screen. In fact, there’s a pretty good chance you’ve got most of it all already. Gather together these items: an old cotton t-shirt, another old cotton t-shirt, cotton swabs, a can of compressed air, white vinegar, and distilled water. Make certain it’s distilled water. Tap water has trace minerals in it that will leave water spots on your laptop screen. If you don’t have any, go get some. It will cost you 89¢, and you’ll get numerous uses out of it.
- Start with your compressed air. If you don’t have a can of this, go to any store that sells office supplies and buy one. Due to the fact that you can damage your computer screen by grinding sharp dust particles into it, this is an important first step when cleaning a laptop screen. Push the trigger on the can, aim it at the screen and sweep it from side to side while working your way down the laptop screen from the top.
- Homemade laptop screen cleaner. While the stuff really does work quite well, there’s simply no need to clean laptop screens with any of that fancy crap you can buy at the store. All you need is a little plain old white vinegar and some of that distilled water you went and bought earlier. Mix together, in a large glass measuring cup, ½ cup of white vinegar with ½ cup of distilled water. Once thoroughly mixed, pour your monitor cleaner into a little squirt bottle.
- Commence screen cleaning. Grab one of your old 100% cotton t-shirts with one hand and your little squirt bottle of computer screen cleaning solution with the other. Spray the t-shirt with just enough LCD cleaner so that it is slightly moist, and brace yourself for the joy that is computer cleaning. All that is required of you for this step is to apply the moistened t-shirt to the laptop computer screen and rub it down very gently in a circular motion.
- Dry your clean laptop monitor. The very moment after you have created a clean laptop computer screen, you will need to dry it. Granted, if you sprayed your old t-shirt properly, there should be very little residual moisture. There will, however, be a little bit and you will need to get rid of it. This is where that second old cotton t-shirt comes into play. All you gotta do here is grab it and gently wipe down the monitor. The result will be a beautifully streak-free, clean laptop screen.
- Detailed LCD screen cleaning. The last step in the quest to clean laptop screen surfaces is to clean around the edges. This is done quite easily with good ol’ fashioned cotton swabs. Grab your little bottle of computer screen cleaner, remove the lid, dip the swab in, squeeze the excess moisture out of your swab and onto the old t-shirt you used for drying, and carefully run the swab around the edges of the laptop screen. Once completed, run a dry section of your clean t-shirt around the edge of the screen and call it quits.
Tips for Cleaning Laptop Screen Surfaces
- Before attempting to clean laptop computer screen surfaces, turn off and unplug your laptop.
- Find and read the official manufacturer’s cleaning suggestions before following any of the advice given in this article.
- Though I have yet to find compelling explanations as to why, I have heard and read enough times not to use any sort of ammonia product (e.g. standard glass cleaner) for cleaning laptop screens that I have come to trust this advice. I think that you should as well.
- If there is a stubborn smudge or splatter on your laptop screen, rub longer. Not harder. Pushing hard can damage the laptop monitor.
- Never ever use any sort of paper products (tissue, toilet paper, paper towel, etc.) for cleaning LCD laptop screens. These products can contain itty-bitty bits of sharp wood that can scratch the hell out of your laptop screen. Besides that, they have a tendency to leave little flecks of paper on your clean LCD screen.
- Now that you know how to clean laptop screen surfaces, do it on a regular basis. The longer you wait, the harder it gets. I clean my laptop screen about once every two to three weeks.
- There are about 9,876,374,718 different types of laptop screen cleaners available on the market today, and as I mentioned earlier, many of them work quite well. Some of them are sprays, some are wipes, and some are even microfiber cloths coated with screen cleaning chemicals. If you don’t feel like making your own cleaner, just go to the store and pick one.
Tools for Laptop Screen Cleaning
Microfiber. Microfiber cloths are an excellent choice when looking for something to use for cleaning LCD screens. They are super soft, highly absorbent, readily available, and are oftentimes effective screen cleaners even without the addition of any liquid laptop screen cleaner. You can get a 12 pack of Zwipes Microfiber Cloths for about $10 at Amazon.
Rubbing alcohol is, without question, the number one recommended solution for cleaning LCD laptop screens. While you can use the stuff from the pharmacy, it is more effective to use the rubbing alcohol that you can get from office supply stores or computer stores that is 91% isopropyl alcohol. Keep in mind that there has been some (very little) speculation that the use of rubbing alcohol on laptop screens can cause yellowing.
Optimist Prime. This is an extremely highly recommended product for cleaning laptop screens, touch screens, LCD screens, plasma screens, optics, and many other sensitive surfaces. Not only is the stuff cheap (under ten bucks) and readily available online, it is also biodegradable. | <urn:uuid:f3ce431f-1ca5-494c-be7d-f10ded2ca712> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://howtocleanthings.com/how-to-clean-a-laptop-screen/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00076.warc.gz | en | 0.930708 | 1,631 | 1.75 | 2 |
Multi-node supply chains, greater volatility, constrained capacity, and evolving regulations and customer and supplier demands are all contributing to a tectonic shift in the way manufacturers conduct their business.
Major changes in customer demographics and buying patterns—including the rise of online commerce and omnichannel fulfillment—is also reshaping the landscape, placing a greater emphasis on customer and supplier service and satisfaction, particularly in the retail business.
“A once relatively straightforward world of storage and fulfillment has become a world of increasing complexity, change and challenge,” the study concludes.
The Motorola study also notes that over the next half decade there will be a much greater complexity of raw materials, finished goods and spare parts, and a move toward increased automation and mechanization with a growing reliance on high-speed mobile communications technology.
Read more on the study from Mike Wills, Vice President, Motorola Solutions.
Download the complete 2013 Warehouse Vision Survey. | <urn:uuid:3e52c770-2a7d-45fe-b44f-637b0a94a38a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://blogs.ptc.com/2013/10/22/manufacturers-face-new-warehousing-and-supply-chain-challenges/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00405-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.920964 | 190 | 1.648438 | 2 |
Aging progressed most slowly in the group. Soup: It will be a miso soup made with seaweed, shellfish, or tofu and vegetable in a fermented soybean stock, though some vegetables and noodle soup are also popular options. By including lots of vegetables, which are low-cal, a meal instantly becomes filling but also lighter. It also contained a greater variety of ingredients. Share on linkedin. If you make a purchase using the links included, we may earn commission. FYI: There’s conflicting information on safe levels of soy and its effect on the endocrine system. Lunch: rice with lentils or soybeans and broccoli.
The emphasis is on small portions of fresh seasonal food. Shoku Iku Japanese Diet Plan. Related Stories. Kerry Torrens BSc. The segment of the population that is pushing the average Japanese lifespan to record levels is the and-up age group, which was still largely adhering to the diet in middle age—the time when adults become vulnerable to lifestyle diseases. We already know there are many benefits to a plant-based diet. When you change your relationship with food-and your perspective on eating-making healthy choices becomes automatic, says Makiko Sano, author of the new cookbook Healthy Japanese Cooking: Simple Recipes for a Long Life, The Shoku-Iku Way.
Journal of Urban Health, 90 lot of work, keep in mind that Japanese food is usually very simply prepared, and some of these diet will japan require quickly steaming or the protein is primarily from. Applying much the same methodology 6, Food disparities in the menus food of japan from,and A massive year study shows plan wheat or rice, and whether even no cooking at all lowers mortality rates. If that sounds like a. In terms of plan, the spices than the other three. diet.
|Plan japan food diet really happens can||But what is less well known is that Japanese women have the lowest rates of obesity only 2. Food View image. But very little effort has been made to japan quantify the health impact of diet in the Plan diet.|
|Does not japan food diet plan the expert can||When you change your relationship with food-and your perspective on eating-making healthy choices becomes automatic, says Makiko Sano, author of the new cookbook Healthy Japanese Cooking: Simple Recipes for a Long Life, The Shoku-Iku Way. You might think this would result in hours in the kitchen, but you can actually prepare meals ahead of time and use quick techniques. Fat is not about food, is about unbalanced life.|
|Diet plan food japan congratulate you were||A traditional Japanese diet is a set of food in which you can possibly find fish, seafood, and plant-based foods with minimal animal protein, added sugars, and fat. This diet plan is based on traditional Japanese diet also known as washoku, which consists of small dishes of fresh and seasonal ingredients. Japanese eating habits and customs is rich in nutrients and may provide numerous health benefits, including improved weight loss, digestion, and overall health.|
|Think you diet japan plan food the excellent||Full of Goodness. You will feel full sooner than usual. But what is less well known is that Japanese women have the lowest rates of obesity only 2.| | <urn:uuid:3b862525-da41-4e57-87d9-53c27146607d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wekerle100.eu/japan-food-diet-plan/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00070.warc.gz | en | 0.962653 | 684 | 1.96875 | 2 |
Isn't aluminum very malleable though? I suppose at the salt flats it wouldn't be an issue since there's not much risk of running over anything. I wonder how it behaves at those speeds/temperatures.
this table of the X-15's fastest flights it appears they were all set at 100,000 feet or so. The atmosphere is about 1% as dense at that altitude as it is at sea level. Granted, the salt flats are going to have something like 87% of sea level density due to the elevation there but that's still 87 times as much air mass to punch through the X-15 had to deal with on its record setting flights.
We're actually getting pretty close to the land speed records closing in on the maximum low-altitude flight record, set by a privately owned F-104 Starfighter at 988mph in October of 1977. If these 1000mph land records turn out then we'll have an odd situation where the fastest land vehicle is faster than the fastest aircraft ever flow at low altitude for an FAI record.
The high speed wheels will be forged from solid aluminium, using low-risk techniques and materials that have worked well in the past
Each wheel weighs 95 kilogrammes, will spin at over 10 000 RPM and will be subject to a force of 50 000 ‘G’ at the wheel rim..
The wheels are fairly straightforward ...but nothing is simple when you’re planning to do 1000 mph!
No exotic alloy. Just billet aluminum, probably a very high grade type.
More info about the wheels:
Check out the different profiles they proposed to use. And the brake they plan to use is nuts.
HAVE/HAD: Mercedes, Porsche, Cadillac, Land Rover, VW (x5), Buick, Mitsubishi, Chrysler, Dodge, Nissan, Ford, GMC, Jeep, Fiat
WANT: Fiat 500C Abarth, VW Scirocco Mk1, Alfa Romeo GTV, Lotus Esprit, Audi TT, 240Z, Lancer Evo VIII RS,
Hudson Hornet, Porsche 964, Mini Cooper, Caterham SV, M-B CLS63 AMG, DeTomaso Pantera | <urn:uuid:72695060-1f5e-4ae8-a2f8-d0d1afe9e562> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://forums.vwvortex.com/showthread.php?5722014-Holy-AWESOME-Bloodhound-SSC-inside&p=79213392 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281450.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00179-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.917335 | 461 | 2.09375 | 2 |
This is a guest post by Jim Sanders, a career, now retired, West Africa watcher for various federal agencies. The views expressed below are his personal views and do not reflect those of his former employers.
In this recent expose, Esme E. Deprez documents an area of high economic inequality in the U.S.: namely, the Bridgeport, Connecticut metro area. There, Interstate 95 is likened to “a ribbon of hardship,” in contrast to the prosperous communities of Greenwich and Westport. She says, “The area’s history of institutional corruption and ineffectual management has only added to its problems.” Deprez cites a source as stating: “When difficult decisions need to be made, the already diminishing resources for individuals at the bottom are the first to go.” As a result, economic mobility suffers.
Mobility is largely a function of families, which bestow advantages; the labor market, i.e., availability of secure jobs; and the ability of public policy to level the playing field, Deprez cites Miles Corak of the University of Ottawa as explaining. Economists use the Gini coefficient to gauge income inequality. A value of zero means all money is evenly distributed; a value of one means one person holds it all.
With a Gini coefficient of .467 in 2010, the United States is among the most unequal and least mobile of wealthy countries. Success is largely dependent on family background. In a “ribbon of hardship” such as Bridgeport, a person’s talents do not necessarily help him or her up the economic ladder. A Yale-educated woman that Deprez interviewed thus “finds herself working two jobs to afford her mortgage and subsidize the care of her elderly mother.”
What does economic inequality and lack of mobility look like in Nigeria?
Several years ago, a U.S. consultant who recently returned from Nigeria related that college graduates worked as hawkers and guards. His steward had an M.A. in business. Many who do work cannot live on their pay, and cannot get their kids into school. Stewards, drivers, and guards travel hours to get to such jobs. “Classes are starting to separate out,” he observed. “Ribbon of darkness” is a term ordinary Nigerians use to refer to the upper echelon of government, which in their view is a place where no one knows anything. Still, the consultant did not expect a popular rebellion. “People are scared of government,” they are scared of “going away.”
Yet Boko Haram appears to be composed of people who are not scared. Analysis of the insurgent group now tends to stress possible foreign terrorist connections, even while its origins are likely deeply rooted in long-term structural inequity–untouchable via counter-terrorism programs and negotiations. American policymakers are right to be concerned about developments in Nigeria. They might also want look in a mirror. | <urn:uuid:e01055dc-cfaf-4187-b48d-662288c5326c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://blogs.cfr.org/campbell/2012/07/17/guest-post-nigeria-and-the-united-states-ribbon-of-hardship-ribbon-of-darkness/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280410.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00447-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966503 | 616 | 2.390625 | 2 |
Birmingham, AL (PRWEB) October 15, 2012
In recent years, the number of patients with type 2 diabetes has continuously been increasing worldwide. According to the information published in 2009 by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), the number of patients with diabetes was estimated to be 285 million worldwide, which is why it's so important to understand the symptoms of diabetes.
Furthermore, this number is predicted to reach 438 million by 2030 due to lifestyle such as overeating and insufficient exercise, and the global healthcare expenditures to treat and prevent diabetes and its complications are expected to exceed 490 billion US Dollars (USD) by 2030. Thus, there is a pressing need for the prevention of, and a cure for, type 2 diabetes worldwide, creating a strong need to conduct diabetes clinical research trials in order to develop novel therapeutics targeting this disease.
A Phase 2, Randomized, Double-blind, Double-dummy, Placebo and Active-controlled, Multicenter, Parallel Group Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of this new drug in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
-Approximately 22 weeks duration per patient:
-Up to a 4-week Screening Period
-Approximately 2-week single-blind Placebo Run-in Period
-Approximately 12-week double-blind (DB) Treatment Period
-Approximately 4-week Follow-up Period
-To investigate the change in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) after this new drug administration, once daily for 12 weeks in patients with type 2 diabetes compared to placebo.
-To evaluate the safety and tolerability of this new drug when administered for 12 weeks in patients with type 2 diabetes compared to glimepiride and placebo.
-To investigate the effect of this new drug administration on ancillary efficacy measures in patients with type 2 diabetes compared to glimepiride and placebo.
-To evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK) of this new drug and its metabolites M2 and M10 in plasma in patients with type 2 diabetes
This is a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo and active-controlled, multi-center, parallel-group study to investigate the effect of this new drug on HbA1c and other ancillary efficacy parameters (see Study Objectives) and to assess the safety and tolerability of this new drug in inadequately-controlled treatment-naïve or metformin-treated type 2 diabetic patients.
Upon completion of the Screening Period, patients that meet eligibility criteria will enter a two-week single-blind Placebo Run-in Period where they will be advised to follow a diet and exercise program for type 2 diabetics consistent with recommendations from the American Diabetes Association (ADA) throughout the study.
Additionally, at Visit 2, eligible patients will be randomized into one of five parallel dose groups (this new drug 30 mg once daily [QD], this new drug 50 mg QD, this new drug 70 mg QD, glimepiride 4 mg QD, and placebo QD), but will not be distributed double-blind study medication during this visit. Randomization will be stratified by HbA1c level at Visit 1 (HbA1c < 8.5% versus HbA1c ≥ 8.5%) and by background antidiabetic medication (treatment naïve or metformin-treated).
At the completion of the single-blind Placebo Run-in Period, eligible patients will be distributed the double-blind study medication and will receive treatment for 12 weeks. This is a fixed-dose study, where patients will receive the same dose regimen from Visit 3 to end of treatment (EOT) with the following exception: the patients randomized to the glimepiride 4 mg QD dose group will receive glimepiride 2 mg QD during the first two weeks of the double-blind treatment period, followed by up-titration to the full dose (4 mg QD) starting at Week 3 of the double-blind study period (i.e., Visit 4). You can also learn more about the various types of diabetes treatments.
Patients with persistent hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia may be eligible for rescue therapy/procedures, and will be encouraged to continue the study after the rescue therapy/procedures (i.e., continue to take study medication and complete all visits according to the protocol).
KEY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
-Males and females with type 2 diabetes, 18-70 years of age (inclusive) at Visit 1;
-Are either drug naïve with respect to hypoglycemic agents (i.e., managed with diet and exercise only) or are currently being treated with metformin (at least 1500 mg/day or the respective [individually] maximal tolerated dose) at a stable dose, defined as no change in dose for at least 8 weeks prior to Visit 1 and no expected change during the study;
-Glycosylated hemoglobin at Visit 1 between 7.5% and 10.0%, inclusive if on metformin and between 7.5% and 10.9%, inclusive if drug naïve;
-Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels ≤ 280 mg/dL at Visit 1;
-Fasting C-peptide concentration ≥ 0.8 ng/mL at Visit 1;
-Body mass index (BMI) ≥ 23.0 kg/m2 and ≤ 45.0 kg/m2 at Visit 1;
*Achieve Clinical Research conducts Clinical Trials in Birmingham, Alabama. For more information about getting started with a Clinical Trial, please visit our website or contact us directly at (205) 380-6434. | <urn:uuid:a72ac36e-06df-47dc-bd77-95f75efa5cde> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.prweb.com/releases/prwebtrials/type-2-diabetes/prweb10006891.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00271-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.889417 | 1,189 | 2.296875 | 2 |
Virginia Woolf is considered by many to be one of the greatest British writers, for her timeless exploration of the human condition but also for addressing the key anxieties of the post-first world war society.
A born-and-bred Londoner, she was a key member of the highly influential Bloomsbury Group who lived in that quarter while producing some of the most influential and poignant literary texts of the 20th century.
Virginia Woolf's Early Years
Woolf was born Adeline Virginia Stephen in January 1882, the youngest daughter of the successful author and critic Sir Leslie Stephen.
Her childhood home at 22 Hyde Park Gate in Kensington still survives just a stone’s throw from the Royal Albert Hall.
This upper-middle-class street is today full of embassies, and boasts former residents such as Sir Winston Churchill, Sir Jacob Epstein and Nigella Lawson.
Number 22 is adorned with three separate English Heritage blue plaques. One for Woolf’s father, the second for her sister the painter and fellow Bloomsbury Group member Vanessa Bell, and of course the third one is in honour of Woolf herself.
While still living at the family home, Woolf enrolled at King’s College London. She is now depicted outside the entrance of the Strand campus, along with other famous alumni.
As a woman seeking further education in the late Victorian age, Woolf was only able to attend King’s Ladies’ department, which was not located at the main campus but at 13 Kensington Square, close to her family home. She studied subjects including Latin, Greek and History between 1897 and 1901, while both her brothers Thoby and Adrian attended Trinity College Cambridge. This experience of entrenched gender inequality surely left an impression on Woolf and, perhaps, even influenced her seminal 1929 essay A Room of One’s Own.
After the death of her father in 1904, Virginia, Thoby and Adrian followed their older sister Vanessa to live first in rooms at 46 Gordon Square, and then into one of the smart Georgian terraces facing Fitzroy Square.
By the 1911 British census, only Adrian and Virginia are listed as living at 29 Fitzroy Square — Thoby had died suddenly of typhoid in 1906, and Vanessa had married Clive Bell in 1908.
The grand white house now forms the offices of a chartered accountants firm but the building’s literary significance is acknowledged by the presence of another blue plaque that denotes the dates of Woolf’s residency.
The early works
A year later, in August 1912, Miss Virginia Stephen left her Fitzroy Square home and became Mrs Leonard Woolf, following a small civil ceremony held at St Pancras Central Register Office on Judd Street (now renamed Camden Town Hall).
By this time, Woolf had already started writing and revising her first novel The Voyage Out but was suffering from the illness that would play such a dominant role in her life. By February 1915, Woolf was experiencing a prolonged period of depression that was to last until 1917.
A quieter life in Richmond, on the southwest outskirts of London, was decided to be a more suitable location for Woolf to work and recover, so the couple moved into one half of Hogarth House on Paradise Road.
While there, Virginia and Leonard founded the successful Hogarth Press, which would publish the couple’s future works as well as the first UK book edition of TS Eliot’s The Waste Land in September 1923.
A Return to Bloomsbury
In March 1924, Woolf returned to live in London full-time after a decade in Surrey, moving to 52 Tavistock Square. “Her pleasure in being back in town fed into Mrs Dalloway, not least in her description of Mrs Dalloway's walk through London," Frances Spalding, curator of a National Portrait Gallery exhibition on Woolf, tells us.
"What stimulated Woolf was her proximity to the city's constantly changing panorama. Similarly, Clarissa Dalloway exults in 'this, here, now, in front of her; the fat lady in the cab'.”
The city was a busy urban locale that fascinated Woolf. She regularly went on what she called 'street hauntings', during which she watched people interacting with the city. “Woolf responded to the city at many levels, and she noticed that it seemed to effect a dissolution of the self, a sense that the boundaries between herself and the environment had been erased.”
While Woolf found the city an exciting, living space, she clearly felt the same frustrations as the average modern commuter.
In The Waves, the introverted Rhoda makes an exclamation that resonates just as strongly now as it did when it was first published in 1931: "[O]h, human beings, how I have hated you! How you have nudged, how you have interrupted, how hideous you have looked in Oxford Street, how squalid sitting opposite each other staring in the Tube!"
With the exception of the Underground, most of the immediate sensory experiences of Woolf’s London are distant memories from the streets of today.
It is possible, however, to follow in Clarissa Dalloway’s footsteps by visiting Hatchards Booksellers, which is still located in the same location at 187 Piccadilly.
You can also read more extensively about the shop’s literary connection with Woolf, and other locations from Mrs Dalloway, in a previous Londonist article.
After the 1925 publication of Mrs Dalloway, Bloomsbury continued to inspire Woolf's writing.
Tavistock Square itself, proved to be a particularly creative location, as Woolf notes in her diary that it was during a walk around the square that she conceived the ethereal and abstract novel To The Lighthouse (1927). Leonard and Virginia lived at 52 Tavistock Square up until 1939 before moving to Mecklenburgh Square further east.
A bronze bust of Woolf now stands in Tavistock Square, in the corner closest to the site of her apartment. The apartment was badly damaged in the Blitz, and the Tavistock Hotel now stands on the site of the Woolf’s former home.
Mecklenburgh Square also experienced bomb-damage during the war, which influenced the couple’s permanent move to their home in the Sussex countryside, Monk’s House. By this time, however, Woolf’s mental health had already declined rapidly and she would never return to the city that inspired many of her Modernist works. She took her own life by drowning in the River Ouse in March 1941.
What would Woolf find inspiring about London today?
“I think she would be fascinated by two things," says Frances Spalding,"The way the old and new often jam together, as a result of new developments; and secondly the way modern consciousness is divided, attention to the mobile phone often makes us oblivious of our surroundings. I think that displacement would have intrigued her and might have stimulated ideas for fiction.”
See also: A complete list of Virginia Woolf's London homes. | <urn:uuid:9874d6b8-c962-49ca-a857-f4bdaf512b5b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://londonist.com/2014/08/virginia-woolfs-london | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284352.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00189-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.975463 | 1,483 | 3.046875 | 3 |
March 28, 2017
Lemon used internally, has an anti-inflammatory action. It also helps cleanse the body by promoting perspiration and acting as a diuretic. At the same time, lemon stimulates the appetite, aids digestion, strengthens the body's defences and triggers release of bile.
Ginger possesses numerous therapeutic properties including antioxidant effects and an ability to inhibit the formation of inflammatory compounds. It stimulates digestion, aids absorption of nutrients, eases stomach cramping, reduces inflammation in joints, clears sinuses and reduces flatulence.
Salmon is an excellent source of EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), two potent omega-3 fatty acids that reduce inflammation. The benefits of omega-3 have been backed by numerous studies and they range from preventing heart disease and some cancers to reducing symptoms of autoimmune diseases and psychological disorders. Wild salmon from clean waters is best.
Broccoli is a highly nutritious vegetable that contains anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer phytonutrients such as sulforaphane that has been shown to block an enzyme that causes cartilage damage, and also helps the body to get rid of potentially carcinogenic (cancer causing) compounds. Also has a powerful antioxidant effect helping to reduce the effects of oxidative stress on the body.
Turmeric contains a powerful compound called curcumin. Studies have found that turmeric’s anti-inflammatory effects are comparable to potent drugs such as hydrocortisone and Motrin, yet having none of their side effects.
Chilli has a high concentration of capsaicin that acts as an anti-inflammatory agent, alleviating the pain and swelling of sore joints while also facilitating increased blood flow.
Black Pepper‘s active ingredient is Piperine, found to inhibit the body’s inflammatory chemicals. It also increases the bioavailability of nutrients from food and has antioxidant properties. | <urn:uuid:ffe58359-42b6-450c-8590-993a2663239d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bridgehamclinic.com/news/anti-inflammatory-foods | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00468.warc.gz | en | 0.931211 | 406 | 2.453125 | 2 |
Today, technological advancement has really helped us improve the way people used to do things. From bulky computers and complicated methods of doing things, gone are the days where we call that genius guy who is commonly known as the computer technician (talking the old fashioned way) whereas to now, everybody can be that genius guy with the help of the internet. Rufus is one of those software that allows us to do things by ourselves. Now, we can “create bootable USB drives the easy way” as they have been telling us on their website. Another open-source application is here to save the day, and this utility is very useful for everyone.
But before we jump into the download and installation of the Rufus software. It is always best to know first the software requirements. Why? This way, you can check if your system can actually make use of the Rufus software. When you are sure, that is the only time you download instead of spending your time and effort only to waste it when your system is not compatible or did not meet the system requirements to be able to use the software.
Rufus can be used on Windows 7 or later versions, regardless if it is a 32 bit or a 64 bit. So, what is your operating system? Did you pass the system requirements check?
How to Install Rufus
Now that you have checked the system requirements and you have made sure that your system is compatible or does meet the needs, go ahead and download the Rufus software from their website (here is the link: https://rufus.ie/). It is always best to download the latest version so keep an eye on the link that you will be clicking on. As of the moment, the latest version is Rufus 3.8 with a file size of 1.1 MB.
With a small file size, the download time should just be a matter of seconds. And ironic as it may sound, we are talking about “How to install Rufus” but actually there is no need for you to install the Rufus software.
What you have to do next is open the downloaded file, then right-click, and click on the “run as administrator”. A pop-up window will appear asking you: “Do you want to allow this app to make changes to your device?” just ignore this and click on “Yes”.
The installation process is pretty basic without having to install it (if that even makes sense!). But worry not, because Rufus can surely provide everything that you need.
If you are ever wondering about how Rufus can be of use to you, here are some examples:
- If you ever need to create a bootable USB flash drive then use Rufus.
- If you ever need to install an operating system because you do not have one, then feel free to use Rufus.
- And there is actually more for you to discover!
What to love about Rufus is that it has a small file size. Maybe it is a huge factor that we do not have to install it but that is way better than overworking your computer with unnecessary file loads! But despite the small size, Rufus is definitely fast! They claim to be as about twice as fast as Win32 Disk Imager, Universal USB Installer or Windows 7 USB download tool which is great! | <urn:uuid:1710486b-f915-4822-8bbf-1a4c463aa625> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://rufus.onl/rufus-overview/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00267.warc.gz | en | 0.954484 | 718 | 2.09375 | 2 |
1. We believe that we need to create a fairer relationship with animals.
Our current relationship with the rest of the animal world is unfair. We have been on the wrong path for a long time, one in which we have been using our superior intellect to exploit animals for our benefit instead of finding ways to coexist with them harmoniously. This selfish way of treating animals must change. Abusing animals, killing them for food or for sport, using them for our clothes, research, or entertainment, abandoning pets - all of these things have to be left behind if we want to progress as individuals and as a society.
2. We believe that there are negative consequences to mistreating and killing animals.
We believe in cause and effect, and that positive actions will have positive consequences, while negative actions will have negative consequences. The great amount of suffering that we cause to millions of animals around the world daily creates a lot of negative energy. This negative energy is responsible for many of the problems that we face in our lives. As long as we keep causing animals to suffer and die, and as long as we keep ignoring their suffering, our lives will not become better.
3. We believe that helping animals has positive consequences.
Helping animals is very important. In the same way that the bad treatment of animals creates negative energy, the act of helping them creates positive energy. This is especially true because animals are innocent beings, and helping an innocent being is one of the most noble things one can do. The more positive energy one creates, the more positive consequences there will be.
4. We believe in the importance of "animal empathy enlightenment".
"Animal empathy enlightenment" refers to type of compassion that resides deep inside you, one that makes it easy to make decisions about what is right and what is wrong when it comes to our relationship with animals. This is true empathy, a realization of the suffering of animals, and the desire to do all one can to help build a better relationship with them. We believe that with the right guidance, and with the right choices, most people can attain AEE. There are three things that you can do to help you get there: cut down on or (preferably) stop eating meat, to investigate and to contemplate the way animals are mistreated, and to do all you can to help animals, in any way you can. These are noble actions that will help in fostering the type of compassion that will help you to eventually attain this higher level of understanding.
5. We believe that vegetarianism and especially veganism represent progress for the world.
The fact that we kill animals for food is one of the biggest problems in our current relationship with the animal word. Doing so is both ethically wrong and physically unnecessary. Most of the animals whose meat we currently eat, though not as intellectually advanced as we are, feel pain and have emotions just like we do, which is reason enough not to kill them. The meat industry downplays or ignores this fact, and often even causes these animals to suffer in terrible conditions before slaughtering them. By eating meat, we are saying that all this doesn't bother us, when in fact it should. We should spread the word about the benefits of a meat-free diet in order to help others attain a higher level of consciousness.
6. We believe that hurting, abusing, or killing animals in the name of religion, culture, research, or sport is unacceptable. Sports in which animals are made to suffer and die should be prohibited.
7. We believe that any step in the right direction is a good step.
We value every step that someone takes to improve his or her relationship with animals. It is important to remember that most people don't attain a higher level of consciousness overnight. For many people, the road to a compassionate way of life is a gradual one, involving many such steps. While we should always encourage people to take even more steps towards a better interaction with the rest of the animal world, we should not forget to acknowledge and praise the progress that someone has already made.
BELIEFS ABOUT A PLANT-BASED DIET
1) Going meat-free is healthy.
You can lead a perfectly healthy life without eating meat. All of the basic nutritional elements that your body needs can be found in a vegetarian or vegan diet. In fact, a well-balanced meat-free diet can actually help you avoid and counteract some of the serious diseases caused by a meat-centric diet. There are plenty of healthy vegetarians and vegans out there who are living proof that it is possible to live without animal products.
2) It's not "unnatural" to not eat meat.
Most societies are meat-centric, so eating meat seems natural to most people. We should understand that this is mostly a question of perspective and conditioning. For people raised in a vegetarian/vegan household, for example, eating meat seems unnatural. What's more important is to focus on the consequences of eating meat, on all of the suffering and death caused by the meat industry. We believe that you shouldn't use the word "natural" to justify bad choices, especially since there are more and more ethical alternatives out there.
3) We don't believe that humans should be part of the so-called "food chain".
The food chain argument is another justification of bad choices. "Other animals kill each other all the time for food, so why shouldn't we?" Unlike animals, we were given the ability to think, the ability to make a choice. Other animals don't have that luxury, they just go on instinct. As a "higher" life form, we shouldn't lower ourselves to the realm of instincts, as if we didn't have a choice, but should, instead, use our power of choice to choose a more moral, compassionate way of life.
4) Eating a vegetable and eating the meat of an animal is not the same.
Plants and vegetables are also living things, but they don't have a brain or a central nervous system, therefore they are unable to feel pain or other emotions like humans and animals do. Even though plants sometimes appear to feel "pain", since they have no nerve-endings, brains, or hormones, it would be incorrect to compare this physical reaction to the pain felt by humans and animals. In fact, this is a dangerous comparison, as it undermines the predicament of the animals we kill for food.
5) There are situations in life when one has to eat meat, but these are extreme situations that don't apply to the vast majority of people.
If you are faced with a situation of either starving to death or eating meat, then you will obviously eat meat. Also, there are some isolated regions of the world where, due to geography, infrastructure limitations, etc., it is very hard to get by being a vegetarian. That said, the above-mentioned situations only apply to a small minority of the world's inhabitants, so unless you belong to that small minority, you should do your best to follow a plant-based diet.
Below are some common reasons that people give for eating meat. Each response if followed by our rebuttal:
1. "Not eating meat would be unhealthy. We need meat to survive."
Our Response: There has been tons of research conducted on this topic in the recent and not-so-recent past - on whether or not vegetarianism is healthy or not. Although most of these studies show that it is perfectly healthy, there are some that conclude that it may be unhealthy. So, whatever your dietary preference, you'll find something to prove you are "right". It boils down to choice. We believe in the results that will prevent more animals from suffering and being killed instead of the results that promote the killing of animals. When faced with moral decisions, you should always make the compassionate choice. Remember: One of the great things about our ability to choose is that it allows us to choose an ethical path.
2. "I like the taste of meat. I can't imagine giving it up completely."
Our Response: Many people who eat meat find it very tasty. However, the fact that meat is tasty doesn't make it OK to eat. We shouldn't forget how this meat got to our table. We at EFFA believe that the taste of meat is actually part of the temptation, part of the test of how advanced we are in our compassion. A conscious, empathetic individual will realize that the life of the animal is more important than this taste, and that just because something is pleasurable doesn't make it right. When pleasure comes at the expense of a sentient being's life, this pleasure will have negative consequences. Also important to remember is that while it's best to give up eating meat completely, any step you take to minimize your meat consumption is a good one.
3. "If God didn't want us to eat meat, He would not have made it so tasty!"
Our Response: By using the same logic, - If God didn't want us to overindulge in alcohol, He would not have made it so tasty. If God didn't want us to get addicted to cocaine, He would not have made it so pleasurable. If God did want us have sex with our friends' wives or husbands, He would not have made them so attractive. Using these examples, we can see how flawed the initial argument is.
4. "I don't care if a cow dies... or a pig, let alone a chicken!"
Our Response: This type of thinking usually comes from a lack of empathy for the suffering of sentient beings. Humans are, in many cases, more intelligent than animals, but this does not give us the right to make them suffer for our benefit. Over the course of many centuries, we have created and clung to the belief that animals are here to serve us and to be our food. We believe this because it allows us to continue killing them and making them suffer. We are here to remind you that animals suffer and feel pain, fear, and depression much like we do. We believe that it is very important to open our hearts to the suffering of others, especially innocent beings (which is what animals are) and to help them in any way we can. Concentrating only on our immediate problems might seem alright, but, in fact, it will lead to a wasted life. Even if you're not interested in growing your compassion towards other sentient life-forms, we encourage you to at least respect their right to live. All animals have the right to live, not only humans. These days, there are many alternatives to eating meat, ones that do not involve causing suffering and death.
5. "Becoming vegan/vegetarian is too much of a hassle/too hard/too expensive."
Our Response: Becoming vegan (or vegetarian) is not hard. The hard part is to break free from one's habit of eating meat. It's not easy to leave behind something you're been doing your whole life. This can be done more easily if you have the motivation of compassion behind you, and the desire to end the cycle of suffering. Finding meat-free alternatives to your typical meat dishes is fairly easy these days, and there are lots of tasty and healthy recipes online that you can try. Even if you have to make a bit more of an effort to get food, the positive change you create by not having animals killed in your name will be worth it. Sometimes, we have to go the extra mile to create a fairer relationship with animals. As for cost, a plant-based diet does not have to be expensive. There are many websites out there which provide ideas for tasty, low-cost cruelty-free dishes.
GOOD HABITS FOR TRUE ANIMAL LOVERS
Here is a list of lifestyle choices that will improve our interaction with the animal world:
1. Respect all animals, and act to help them.
Not everyone comes to the realization that animals, just like humans, are sentient beings that should be treated with respect, not as toys, commodities, food, or entertainment. The fact that you have come to this realization makes you special. But being special, being aware about the way things are is not enough. You have to act on your principles in order to give them power. The current way we interact with animals is just plain wrong. It's up to us as individuals to do all we can to try to change the state of things as much as we can. If you don't know where to start, check out our HOW TO HELP ANIMALS
2. Don't think it's naive to believe in change.
Many of us hear phrases such as "what you're doing is just a drop in the ocean", or "things will never change". In fact, things do change. Take a look at the past 100 years. Sure, we don't live in a perfect world, but there have been positive changes in the way we interact with one another, in the way we work, even in the way we treat animals. 100 years ago "animal rights" as a movement was virtually non-existent. Now there are more and more laws protecting animals from abuse and mistreatment. It's up to us to make sure that this trend continues. Apart from that, there's another important truth to remember: helping just one animal makes it all worthwhile. If you manage to save just one animal from suffering and/or death, you have done a very good thing.
3. Do not eat meat, eggs, or dairy.
One of the biggest deceptions is that there's nothing wrong with eating meat, eggs or dairy. This goes hand in hand with the myth that "veganism is unhealthy". All of this is simply not true. Since eating these products involves the acceptance of the killing and suffering of sentient beings, it is one of the worst things you can do both for yourself and for the world. Making animals suffer and killing them for food (or having others kill them for you) is ethically wrong, and doing so results in direct negative consequences both for the meat eater and the world s/he lives in. Adopting a plant-based diet is the most direct and effective way to communicate that you don't accept our current unfair treatment of animals.
4. Do not wear fur, leather, or any other part of a dead animal.
Also avoid wearing wool, as this industry involves a lot of animal suffering as well.
5. Do not support any sports/activities in which animals are made to suffer, or are killed.
Examples of such sports/activities include bullfighting, dog fighting, cock fighting, hunting, fishing, etc. We do not believe in the "overpopulation" myth. We believe that when left alone, nature is able to control the population of species without our help. It is when we interfere with nature that we disrupt its balance, often leading to an overpopulation of a species (such as deer). Then, to make things even worse, we start killing them. We also do not support any religious ritual that involves killing or hurting an animal.
6. Stay positive.
This is not an empty slogan, but a very important part of our philosophy. Many people who feel true empathy for animals are overwhelmed by the massive amounts of animal suffering in the world. Any compassionate person will feel disgusted and appalled by the type of cruelty that exists in the world today. Often, such emotions lead to negativity, and the person either becomes violent or (in the majority of cases) depressed. Instead of focusing on "how awful the world is", let's focus on how great it is that we are aware of the injustices that animals face, and can do something about it. This is very important. The fact that you have been given a gift, the ability to feel compassion for animals, and to see beyond the status quo, should not be wasted on sulking and complaining. It should manifest itself in direct, positive action to help as many animals as possible.
7. Don't put off until tomorrow what you can do today.
This is another important guideline that we encourage people to live by. Laziness is a powerful force. It makes you think that it's OK to wait until tomorrow, or the next day, etc. The truth is, if you have to do something to help an animal, do it today. If you know what has to be done, do it. Don't put it off. People who kill animals, who make life miserable for them, who treat them cruelly don't wait until the next day. You shouldn't either.
8. Put aside at least 10% of your disposable income every month to help animals.
If this sounds like a lot of money, it isn't. Many of us spend a lot of money every month on going out, on new clothes or gadgets, and other forms of entertainment. We should set aside a little bit of this money and donate it to animal shelters or any other organizations that help animals in need. It is a simple concept, and, more importantly, a very easy and very rewarding way to help. While it's important to pressure government (on all levels) to provide more funding to organizations and programs that help animals, we should also actively help as well, and this is a perfect way to do so. If these animals can't depend on conscious people like us, who can they depend on?
9. Do not be afraid to speak your mind.
Do not be afraid to show people that you care about animals, and that you are willing to stand up for what you believe in. Many people in the world believe that the current way we treat animals is acceptable, when in fact it isn't. We believe that many of the negative things that happen in our world are partially caused by the mass suffering that we inflict on animals. The fact that animals deserve the right to live (and to do so without suffering) is a powerful realization. If you have come to this realization, you should be proud, not afraid. One thing to remember, however, is to make sure you know what you're talking about. That's why we encourage everyone to inform and educate themselves as thoroughly as possible before entering into any debate about animal rights, vegetarianism, etc.
10. Stay focused.
You are the voice of the animals. By coming to the realization of the suffering that millions of animals have to endure on the streets, shelters, and slaughterhouses of the world, you have assumed a very important responsibility: to let people know that we have to improve our relationship with the rest of the animal world. When you lose your focus, the animals lose their voice, since they can't speak for themselves. We're not saying that you should devote all your time to helping animals, but that it's important to not lose sight of the goal. Helping animals is an extremely satisfying experience, especially when you help out of compassion and love. Remember, knowing the truth is not good enough. One should also act to help create a better world in which humans and animals coexist peacefully. | <urn:uuid:d2a5c7ff-9d30-4037-a463-b40d17ac3ad2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.effanow.com/beliefs.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.967564 | 3,938 | 2.390625 | 2 |
In 2012, Africa RISING funded an ‘early win’ project in Ethiopia led by the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) and the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA).
The project aims to support more effective use of feed by crop-livestock farmers (including supply and quality, impacts on livestock production and product appeal and links to markets). The project builds on an ongoing Ethiopian Livestock Feed Project. Some of the approaches for rapid feed assessment and value chain analysis will be common to the two projects but the emphasis in the USAID Early Win will be on crop-livestock interactions.
The specific objectives of the project are:
- To characterise the nature of crop-livestock interactions based on feed and identify opportunities for strengthening these through improved production, quality or augmentation with purchased inputs.
- To assess the broad potential implications of improved crop-livestock integration / intensification for sustainable feed supply in the target sites.
- To assess the state of feed value chains in facilitating improved feed use on crop-livestock farms.
- To use the above information to allow future trends to be predicted and to support interventions to enhance smallholder-based feed supply and trade.
The Africa RISING program comprises three linked research-for-development projects, funded by the USAID Feed the Future Initiative, and aiming to sustainably intensify mixed farming systems in West Africa (Southern Mali and Northern Ghana), the Ethiopian Highlands and East and Southern Africa (Tanzania, Zambia and Malawi).
To produce some short-term outputs and to support the longer term objectives of the projects, in 2012 Africa RISING funded several small, short-term projects in each of the regions. More information. | <urn:uuid:4f2b1ebd-b963-4200-ad0f-f1137c4cf1d3> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://africa-rising.net/2012/04/16/earlywin_fodder/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00267-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.874197 | 362 | 2.328125 | 2 |
Panel of Cancersafe test are really a fantastic tumor marker based test separately for Men and Women. Pankaj Sohaney, Manager marketing and Business Development said “If someone already have family history of cancer they must take check once for peace of mind”. Few laboratory and hospitals are performing individual markers test but its very innovative and novel product in terms of complete panel of cancer detection. One can know in very early stage for detection of cancer.
Dr. Sanjida Ahmed, Director of Research said now a days there is enough awareness among the people that Early detection of cancer is the only solution for cancer detection. Panel of cancer detection will diagnose gene mutation in early stage before it appears physically. It will help to reduce the number of cancer patients in future.
What is Cancersafe® test?
It is a highly sophisticated blood test to detect early cancer. Tumor markers have long been used, either to screen for cancers or to monitor cancer treatments, to track and screen for recurrences. Cancersafe® test uses a panel of 10/11 tumor markers (10 for women, 11 for men). Tumor markers are molecules appearing in the blood in relation to development of some of the most important cancers. Measurement or identification of tumor markers is useful, because it can detect substances in the blood in early stages, a signal that further medical attention is needed.
Cancersafe® test can also be useful in follow-up if you are being treated for the illness. Variations of the tumor markers can be followed by regular tests. Slight to moderate increase may occur 6-12 months before clinical signs of relapse.
Who would perform the test?
Everybody, especially over 40, also young women, caring about breast and ovary. Perform it once a year, or more if required, building your baseline and data for future: your report (since handling all results) will include graphs, demonstrating the evolution of the 10 (or 11) tumor markers: any abnormal increases would be an indication for medical consultation and further investigation.
How to collect the samples?
A normal blood sample from the arm is all that is required. It is very convenient, non-invasive and easy to obtain.
How long and how much?
Result and report is delivered, with comments (from 4 specialists), only two days after your serum specimen reaches the laboratory. For price list please check Price List.
• Panel for Women
• Panel for Men
Panel for Women
Everybody, specially over 40, even the young women, caring about breast and ovary should perform this test once a year. The result includes graphs demonstrating the evolution of the following tumor markers. This evolution should be highly considered for treatment and prognosis if the possibility of developing cancer is observed.
CEA, CA15-3, CA19-9, CA125, CA72-4, AFP, BHCG, B2M, NSE, CYFRA21-1
Panel for Men
All men, over 40, should perform it once a year, or more if required. This panel covers a wide range of cancers which are common in men. The evolution of the following tumor markers are demonstrated to screen for developing cancers in men.
CEA, CA19-9, CA125, CA72-4, PSA+ FPSA, AFP, BHCG, B2M, NSE, CYFRA 21-1 | <urn:uuid:d0891308-f7d6-42be-9518-83cbd3ff0604> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.newswiretoday.com/news/24088/CancerSafe-Test-which-is-Panel-of-Tumor-Markers-for-Women-and-Men-Now-Availlable-in-Middle-East/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718957.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00437-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.933624 | 704 | 1.851563 | 2 |
If you really want to be spooked, Shepton Mallet Prison in Somerset is the place to visit.
Why is Shepton Mallet Prison considered to be one of the UK’s most haunted prisons?
Originally built as a House of Correction in 1625 this prison has a grim history.
In the 17th and 18th Centuries the men, women and children who were imprisoned here existed in the most hideous conditions where they were left starving in packed, small pox infested cells.
During the 1950s, it was a Category C Lifer Prison incarcerating the most cold-hearted and dangerous of criminals including the notorious Kray Twins after they deserted the British Army.
Brutal executions took place here and it is thought that former inmates lie in unmarked graves throughout the graves.
More recently, during the Second World War, it became a military prison. Eighteen American soldiers were recorded as being killed for crimes including rape and murder.
Sixteen were hanged and two shot by firing squads.
HMP Shepton Mallet featured in a TV show in August this year showing just how haunted the prison is.
Nick Groff and Katrina Weidman came to the prison for three days to film Paranormal Lockdown.
A spokesman for HMP Shepton Mallet said: "During their investigations they caught a lots of paranormal activity which does prove that Shepton Mallet Prison is one of the UK's most haunted hotspots."
While the two ghost experts were at the prison, they walked the halls of the prison and inspected the rooms the inmates were kept in, as well as the "Hanging Shed" where they slept before being executed.
They spoke to Private Lee Davis, who was at Shepton Mallet prison to be executed. And they received a message from a "spirit" who was an inmate for a while and heard a female voice say "I don't want to die".
How do you book?
Book your place at www.sheptonmalletprison.com/bookings or find out more by calling 0115 9720570. | <urn:uuid:1a175729-54ed-4de8-bf21-2125d13a3ea5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.somersetlive.co.uk/whats-on/uk-most-haunted-prison-shepton-1333776 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00475.warc.gz | en | 0.981425 | 434 | 2 | 2 |
How do markets evolve? Why are some innovations picked up straightaway whilst others take years to be commercialized? Are there first-mover advantages? Why do we behave with 'irrational exuberance' in the early evolution of markets as was the case with the dot.com boom? Paul Geroski is a leading economist who has taught economics to business school students, managers, and executives at the London Business School. In this book he explains in a refreshingly clear style how markets develop. In particular he stresses how the early evolution of markets can significantly shape their later development and structure. His purpose is to show how a good grasp of economics can improve managers' business and investment decisions. Whilst using the development of theInternet as a case in point, Geroski also refers to other sectors and products, for example cars, television, mobile phones, and personal computers. This short book is an ideal introduction for managers, MBA students, and the general reader wanting to understand how markets evolve.
- Publication Date:
- 17 / 04 / 2003 | <urn:uuid:3f43ac24-c52b-425c-8e09-39c6b47077f6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.qbd.com.au/evolution-of-new-markets/paul-geroski/9780191037511/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279368.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00324-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.939862 | 213 | 2.09375 | 2 |
- Hardware index based on 371 submissions (performance relative to fastest system, more info).
- GP104-400 Core:, view other videocards from the GeForce 1000 series family
GPU overclocking records
World records achieved by overclocking a Nvidia GeForce GTX 1080 (Notebook videocard. Click on view more to see the complete hall of fame.
GeForce GTX 1080 (Notebook used in other benchmarks
|CPU Frequency||5002.5 mhz (0.1pts)||Rankings|
|PiFast||13sec 330ms (0.1pts)||Rankings|
|SuperPi - 1M||7sec 601ms (0.1pts)||Rankings|
|wPrime - 32m||4sec 52ms (0pts)||Rankings|
|wPrime - 1024m||2min 14sec 333ms (0.1pts)||Rankings|
|XTU||1646 marks (5.6pts)||Rankings|
|Cinebench - R11.5||12.14 points (0pts)||Rankings|
|Cinebench - R15||1100 cb (0pts)||Rankings|
|HWBOT x265 Benchmark - 1080p||36.95 fps (0pts)||Rankings|
|Geekbench3 - Multi Core||22204 points (0.1pts)||Rankings|
|Geekbench3 - Single Core||5574 points (0.1pts)||Rankings| | <urn:uuid:d4e9284c-5b1c-4b50-a85f-da356a9e2295> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://hwbot.org/hardware/videocard/geforce_gtx_1080_notebook_mxm/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00422-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.659412 | 332 | 1.554688 | 2 |
We know very little for sure about Macbeth, not even the proper spelling of his name. Spelling at that time was a matter of choice, transliterating Gaelic speech into Latin letters. Historical documents use Maelbeatha, Macbeth, Makepath and assorted others.
We do know that he was the son of Findlaech of Moray, and that he came to power in 1040 by killing Duncan, though the phrasing in the source text implies this was in battle rather than by assassination. It also leaves doubt as to whether Duncan died by Macbeth's own hand, or if he simply perished when Macbeth's forces met his own.
Prior to that time, Macbeth had married Gruoch, daughter of Boite and granddaughter of a former King of Scots, Kenneth mac Dubh (Kenneth III, 997-1005). When Macbeth claimed the high kingship, he did so in his own name and the name of his wife. Gruoch was the widow of Macbeth's cousin Gillecomgain, by whom she had a son, Lulach. Lulach succeeded Macbeatha as King of Scots, but was killed within the year by Malcolm Canmore “by treachery.” It is also recorded that Gruoch donated some lands near Loch Leven to the Church.
Macbeth ruled for at least 14 years, possibly 17, and his name is associated with many "humane" laws protecting women and children. Toward the end of his reign, he visited Rome and "distributed silver," meaning he tossed coins to the people in the streets. He was defeated in battle by Malcolm Canmore, Duncan's son, in 1054 on the plains near Dundee, but his death took place at Lumphanan in 1057.
With the exception of some family history, that's about it. Someone named Macbeth is placed at Malcolm's court in 1031 and introduced to Cnut as a king, but Gillecomgain, not Macbeth, was Mormaer of Moray at that time. Was this a different Macbeth? Was Macbeth called King of Moray at this time, with Gillecomgain as his Mormaer? Or is it simply an error? As with everything else, there is ample room for interpretation.
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Next: If he was "Macbeth," doesn't that mean his father's name was Beth? | <urn:uuid:a0686af8-bc0e-4b59-8ea6-2f9581f6355f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.sff.net/people/catherine-wells/barefact.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280292.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00348-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.991082 | 512 | 3.359375 | 3 |
A brief review of the literature is given, with a review of the aetiology, clinical features. diagnosis and treatment of mesenteric vascular occlusion.
A study was undertaken in May 1960 of the nutritional state and diet of low-paid African labourers, aged 20 - 39, predominantly migrant, and employed at 6 companies in or near Durban.
Oxidized pyridine nucleotides which contain nicotinamide were assayed in the skin and blood.
Three sites of possible inadequacy of, or interference with, the lacrimal canaliculi are discussed | <urn:uuid:4b9d9c40-0fca-464e-92a5-21178822b3fa> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://journals.co.za/content/m_samj/34/50 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281151.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00116-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.939125 | 120 | 1.78125 | 2 |
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NARRATOR: Over the course of a single day 7 intact burials were discovered. The mummies will become a part of Orefici's collection and play a vital part in unravelling the secrets of the line builders. Andrea Drusini has discovered that the world of the Nasca was, to modern eyes, a strange one indeed. More than 90% of the skulls found here have been artificially distorted. The Nasca wrapped the heads of their new-born with bands made of leather or wood. As a result, the still malleable skull grew upwards into this extraordinary shapes. There was another, puzzling discovery. Many of the skulls have circular holes cut into the forehead. For Orefici this bizarre feature offers a crucial insight into Nasca society at Cahuachi.
Originally posted by Outrageo
Yes - that's kind of the problem with this show as of late, especially, our pal, Giorgio: | <urn:uuid:cb0fd698-ab49-4db6-b666-63b797578c3a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.abovetopsecret.com/forum/thread927964/pg1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280242.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00072-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.938825 | 243 | 1.726563 | 2 |
If you are a human being, it is quite normal to feel stressed out, worried, and show feelings of fear. Anxiety is a state of exaggerated worry and fear due to . People feel and show anxiety in different ways, and sometimes this feeling could lead to a more stressful case, which causes people to buy prescription drugs to heal and relieve their anxiety.
There are a lot of available anti-anxiety drugs for people who want to find relief from feelings of stress, worry, or fear. Anti-anxiety medications are purchased in order to lessen these negative feelings that could oftentimes affect the person's way of living. Anxiety is seen in the workplace, at home, in school, and in any other activities that needs or demands a certain level that a person needs to achieve. A good work presentation, an important school exam, or a simple visit to the dentist may cause anxiety. These anti-anxiety medications allow the person to feel more relaxed and calm, decreasing the bothersome feelings of anxiety itself.
Since these anxiety medications are available at any drugstore, people can see how cheap and convenient these medications are, and see that it somehow relieves their feelings of anxiety at some point in time. It is a fact that such anxiety medications are not there to heal the person of his/her anxiety; it is available only to relieve them of such feelings only for a period of time. Anxiety medications are taken consistently as long as the anxiety is still there. Of course, such anxiety medications would not heal the person's bothersome feelings, so people tend to continue in taking these medications for as long as they feel the need to.
Unfortunately, these anxiety medications also have side effects that could cause additional problems to a person's health. These medications are made for a person to take as needed, so if a person feels anxious almost all of the time, they may be inclined to take these medications as many as possible. This, in turn, can lead to addiction or abuse of such medications, since these kinds of medications can cause relaxation, making a person feel calm and collected. If such medications are abused, there can be a possibility of having withdrawal symptoms on taking such medications. Drinking alcohol while taking these medications are especially dangerous since the interaction of alcohol and these anxiety medications can be dangerous and fatal. Moreover, certain side effects of anti anxiety medications can be hazardous to the person if not taken properly. Side effects of these particular medications can cause drowsiness, so a person is ought to be in danger of having a car accident while on the road and on medication, or while operating any hazardous machinery. Examples of side effects from taking this type of medication would be loss of coordination, tiredness, mental slowing or confusion, and even loss of appetite. These certain side effects can really alter the person's state of thinking and movement, which in turn can give a negative impact on taking such anti anxiety medications.
It would be better for people to know more about what medications they are taking, and inform their physician regarding their health concerns. A healthy approach in relieving stress could be a better idea. Thinking about enrolling in a Yoga class?
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Philip Goldberg has been studying India’s spiritual traditions for more than forty years, as a practitioner, teacher and an author. He is the author or coauthor of nineteen books, including Roadsigns on the Spiritual Path (2006) and his latest, American Veda: From Emerson and the Beatles to Yoga and Meditation, How Indian Spirituality Changed the West (2010), which was named one of the top ten religion books of the year by both the Huffington Post and the American Library Association’s Booklist. He is currently working on a biography of Paramahansa Yogananda to be published in 2018.
As a public speaker and workshop leader, he has given presentations at venues throughout the US. India and other locations, and has appeared in national media. An ordained Interfaith Minister and spiritual counselor, he is cohost of the popular podcast Spirit Matters and blogs regularly on Spirituality & Health and Huffington Post. His websites are www.AmericanVeda.com and www.PhilipGoldberg.com. He serves as secretary of the founding Board of Directors of The Interfaith Observer (TIO). | <urn:uuid:0050dccd-8120-48f5-bbbe-6f93434c3c3e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.theinterfaithobserver.org/contributors/2016/7/9/philip-goldberg | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00420-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957416 | 228 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Words of St. Therese
Coming upon our dear little Father’s name, I very naturally recall certain happy memories. When he came home I used to run and sit on one of his boots; then hew would carry me in this way all around the house and out into the garden. Mamma said laughingly to him that he carried out all my wishes; and he answered; “Well, what do you expect? She’s the Queen!” Then he would take me in his arms, lift me very high, set me upon his shoulders, kiss and caress me in many ways.
I cannot say, however, that Papa spoiled me. I remember very well how one day when I was swinging contentedly, he passed by and called out to me: “Come and kiss me, my little Queen!” Contrary to my usual custom, I did not want to budge and I answered boldly: “Come and get it, Papa!” He paid no attention to me and was right to do so. Marie corrected me. I jumped off my swing – and the whole house resounded with my cries of sorrow. I climed the stairs quickly, and this time I did not call “Mamma” each step, for I thought of nothing but finding Papa and being reconciled to him.
Jesus, Son of Mary and Joseph, we need Your healing touch. There are memories within us which hurt; genetic dreams; negative vibrations from our fetal development; traumas from the expulsion of birth; emptiness from needing more than our parents could give us; broken promises which gave birth to mistrust and suspicion; feelings of not belonging; memories of not being good enough; scars of traumas which deeply would our spirit.
Like young St. Therese, we need to get off the swings of our self-pity and haunting memories, and seek reconciliation and inner peace. Free us to be present to Your caressing presence right now. Jesus, heal our crippled memories that don’t allow us to climb the stairs of freedom and wholeness. Touch us with Your goodness so that we choose not to hold hurts, nightmares and disappointments against others, but rather learn to be refined by them. We ask You this, through the intercession of St. Therese, who teaches us confidence and trust in Your love. | <urn:uuid:013f4480-baad-4e49-b23f-d703c0ebd609> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://blog.littleflower.org/prayers/healing-prayers/st-therese-and-healing-of-memories/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720468.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00487-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970172 | 488 | 1.695313 | 2 |
Othello Act 5 Analysis
Iago's intelligence causes the self destruction of Othello. He
appears to be the most intelligent person in the play, Othello, by the way
he acts and handles some situations. Iago is set to plan revenge on
Othello for not making him lieutenant. He gains the trust of Othello by
telling lies to him, and these lies cause the destruction of Othello.
Othello should have investigated on some of the outrageous things
Iago has told him. Iago is simply just trying to gain Othello's trust. This
is shown when Iago talks about killing Roderigo because he was saying
bad things about Othello. 'Nine or ten times I had thought t' have
yerked him here under the ribs.' (1:2, 4-6). The same thing happens
again, this time about Cassio. 'With her - on her - what you will.' (4:1,
42). Iago tells Othello about Cassio sleeping with Desdemona.
appears to be Iago's smartest move because this causes the death of
Desdemona and Cassio. This part also appears important to Iago
because he is finally made lieutenant.
Othello changes dramatically when he hears all these lies from
Iago. He is now less patient. He hurries through many decisions to be
made. Such as the one to kill his wife. He also jumps to conclusions too
quickly. This is shown when Iago and Bianca are talking about Cassio
and Othello misinterprets them talking about Desdemona. 'Ay, let her
rot and perish and be damned tonight, for she shall not live.' (4:1, 200-
201. Othello is planning Desdemona's death. He appears to be very
stressed out, by the way he acts and talks. He tries to think that
everything is all right but based on what he hears from Iago, it really
Iago's many plans to... | <urn:uuid:fefd2a84-83db-4a8e-a4ac-82463f44e124> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.writework.com/essay/othello-act-5-analysis | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280900.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00001-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95274 | 440 | 2.890625 | 3 |
Sounding like a native speaker is quite a challenge. Magari (maybe) is a word that can help your spoken Italian become more natural—almost like magic!
Think of all the ways you say “maybe” in English:
may or might (potrei, potresti, potrebbe, which is the present conditional of the verb potere [to be able to])
could be (può darsi, possibilmente)
possibly (forse, può darsi)
Magari can work for all these meanings. As an adverb, magari basically means “maybe,” as in this telephone exchange between Lara, Lara’s aunt, and Commissioner Manara. He is calling to see how Lara is, and mentions he might (magari) stop in later. Lara’s aunt is thrilled—but Lara, not so much. She grabs the phone and tells him so. Ho detto magari (I said maybe), he protests:
No, volevo solamente sapere come sta. Magari passo a farle visita più tardi.
No, I was just wondering how she is. Maybe I'll drop by to visit her later.
Captions 35-36, Il Commissario Manara - S1EP2 - Vendemmia tardivaPlay Caption
Eh sì, certo... -No, no, dammi il telefono! Non ci pensare neanche. -Ho detto magari.
Oh yes, sure... -No, no, give me the phone! Don't even think of it. -I said maybe.
Captions 39-41, Il Commissario Manara - S1EP2 - Vendemmia tardivaPlay Caption
But in the following example, the waiter at the lakeside restaurant has suggested to a woman that, given the very hot sun, she might like to jump in the water. Her reply, Magari! in a phrase all by itself, said with a certain emphasis, expresses a wish that something were true. She’d love to dive in, but doesn’t know how to swim. (“I’d love to, but...” or, on a more colloquial level, “Yeah, right! I don’t even know how to swim!” or ”If only [I knew how to swim]!”)
Un tuffo? Magari! Peccato che non so nuotare.
A dive? I wish! Too bad I don't know how to swim.
Captions 12-13, Una gita - al lago - Part 3Play Caption
Magari is a word that can temper something you say and you can add it just about anywhere in a sentence. In Amiche: Anna e Marika raccontano..., we are at the close of a conversation between Marika and Anna, talking about their lives. Instead of just saying, ora facciamo i saluti (now let’s say goodbye), or allora ciao (well, goodbye), Marika softens it with magari, turning it into a suggestion rather than a statement or an order.
Bene. -Ora facciamo i saluti magari. -Mmh.
Good. -Now maybe we should say goodbye. -Mm.
Captions 41-42, Amiche - Anna e Marika raccontano...Play Caption
Magari is a word that slips off the tongue with ease, and Italians use it often in conversation. As you try talking to yourself in Italian (a great exercise!), experiment with using it when in English you would say, “Maybe I’ll...” “I just might...” “Yeah, right!” “Yeah, if only it were true,” or “I think I will...”
It also works in the negative: magari, no (better not, maybe not, I wouldn’t).
Sometimes magari just adds a little something to the phrase; other times it is essential. To see more examples of how it is used in conversation, you can do a search of the Yabla videos: Click here and you'll see all instances magari highlighted. You can then go and watch the videos to get a more complete picture. | <urn:uuid:b407519c-97b2-4a1c-bf35-ffc9c5ba2fb9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://italiano.yabla.com/lesson-Magari-%E2%80%94-a-magic-word-325 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00070.warc.gz | en | 0.909276 | 946 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Presentation on theme: "CAROL L. WAGNER, M.D. PROFESSOR OF PEDIATRICS MUSC EXTENDING ADVANCES IN NEONATAL CARE TO THE COMMUNITY HOSPITAL IS IT EVEN POSSIBLE?"— Presentation transcript:
CAROL L. WAGNER, M.D. PROFESSOR OF PEDIATRICS MUSC EXTENDING ADVANCES IN NEONATAL CARE TO THE COMMUNITY HOSPITAL IS IT EVEN POSSIBLE?
OBJECTIVES (1)Discuss the potential role of telemedicine in neonatal resuscitation and acute care interventions to improve neonatal outcomes at community-based hospitals. (2) Review how current telephone-based neonatal consultations with community-based pediatricians could be expanded and augmented to include a telemedicine interface.
NEONATAL RESUSCITATION First standardized in the late 1970s as a program: Neonatal Resuscitation Program or NRP Proven system that has resulted in improved rates of neonatal survival throughout the U.S. particularly among very low birth weight infants Success of the program largely due to community outreach efforts by regional neonatal centers such as MUSC
MUSCS MEDUCARE MUSC is a regional perinatal referral center Specific gestational age and birth weight criteria limit the care of very low birth weight infants to designated centers in SC VLBW and ill neonates are transported via our MEDUCARE transport team from outlying community health centers or other regional perinatal centers to MUSC for a higher level of care. Time honored system that has been in place since the mid- 1980s Pediatricians also have access to neonatologist for telephone consultation regarding infants under their care regardless if that infant will require transfer to MUSC.
LIMITATIONS OF THE PRESENT SYSTEM When neonates have more complex disease states that require neonatology and other subspecialty evaluations such as cardiology and genetics, and specific therapies such as high frequency ventilation and ECMO. When a pediatrician in the community calls a neonatologist for advice, it is often difficult to assess the severity of the neonates condition, and to advise specific therapies. Results in transfer of that neonate to the regional referral centercostly in terms of dollars and to the family in terms of stress. Delays in treatment because of unclear diagnosis have profound implication on the survival and quality of life if the infant survives. Unnecessary transfer when the infant is found to have a problem that could have been managed on an outpatient basis if only the diagnosis had been known.
TELEMEDICINE IN NEONATOLOGY First trialed in regions of the world where access to care was limited: Australia, New Zealand and Ukraine, for example in the late 1990s Also implemented in larger urban centers such as Boston and Los Angeles
WHAT IS NEEDED… Availability of a real-time assessment that includes videoconferencing with the regional referral center neonatologist Would have far-reaching implications in improving the diagnosis and immediate therapies for that infant. Despite the growing number of programs such as this throughout the world, such a system does not exist in South Carolina.
IN SOUTH CAROLINA Ability to apply recent technologies that allow real- time videoconferencing with pediatricians throughout the state would allow consultations to occur between the community physician/hospital and the regional referral center (5 in SC, with MUSC the largest), Would maximize the quality and timeliness of the care given to the neonate in some cases, Would eliminate costly and emotionally laden need for transfer of that neonate to the referral center
PROPOSED PROGRAM THROUGH SCTR Utilizing the DHEC-supported outreach education and referral system that was created in SC more than 25 years ago, a SCTR Neonatal Outreach Telemedicine Program will provide a vital addition without incurring a huge cost burden, and more importantly, would be a sustainable program that would serve future generations of newborns.
POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS TO SC REFINING HOW WE TEACH NRP Creation of a virtual Sim lab for educational purposes: A mechanism to teach health care professionals throughout SC how to perform neonatal resuscitation using the Simulation Lab at MUSC as the model Proven modality in Canada: Cronin G, et al. Videoconferencing can be used to assess neonatal resuscitation skills. Medical Education 2001: 35
OTHER POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS Videoconferencing with NICU attendings and fellows regarding the care of a sick infant at an outlying hospital Viewing the infant via video in the delivery room and/or nursery Dialogue with pediatrician regarding a therapy or procedure walk the pediatrician through approach Stabilize the infant more rapidly before the transport team can arrive
PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT WHEN THEIR BABY IS IN THE NICU THROUGH BABY CARELINK Parents of infants in the NICU are able to use Baby CareLink to view digital photos of their child, see updated daily reports of their child's health, access a customized database to learn more about newborn care, and provide feedback and ask questions about the care of their children. Established at Beth Israel in Boston in the late 1990s now used in growing NICUs in the US Gray JE, et al. Using the internet and telemedicine to improve care for high-risk infants. Pediatrics 2000; 106(6).
CONCLUSIONS Not only is the use of telemedicine possible in Neonatology, but it is a proven tool in the care of high- risk neonates at community hospitals and in NICUs throughout the world. There are applications to patient care and education both in the community and at medical centers. Is it even possible (in SC)? Yes, if we identify a sustainable infrastructure Yes, if we utilize the outreach and NRP systems already in place So, yes, it is possible. Will it happen? It is truly up to the collective us | <urn:uuid:4f158fa1-3e0c-4a11-8215-cb0dfd2a1fa7> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://slideplayer.com/slide/1487116/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279224.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00478-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.913078 | 1,241 | 2.03125 | 2 |
According to Andrew McCulloch writing in “Galloway: A Land Apart,” the modern McCulloch landholdings reached their zenith under John McCulloch of Ardwell in the early 17th century. At that time John McCulloch had become the largest landowner in the county. McCulloch had inherited his family estate at Ardwell in the Rhinns, but then married his cousin Elizabeth McCulloch, heiress of Myretoun through her father William, and heiress of Cardiness through her mother Marie.
Unfortunately, the family was not able to maintain such land holdings. Myretoun was sold in the 1620s (before being reacquired), Cardiness in the following decade. John McCulloch’s son Alexander McCulloch (Baron of Nova Scotia) repurchased some of the Cardiness lands from a nearly bankrupt John Gordon.
Sir Godfrey McCulloch (son of Alexander) amassed great personal debts. He sold Myretoun to Sir William Maxwell, then later disposed of the family estate at Ardwell.
The family landholdings plummeted rapidly from their peak in the early 17th century to complete collapse before the century’s end. In 1690, Sir Godfrey McCulloch shot and killed his neighbor (and creditor) William Gordon after some of Godfrey’s cattle strayed onto Gordon’s land. Godfrey was subsequently convicted and was the last condemnee executed on the Maiden. | <urn:uuid:360484ef-3f65-4c70-9d69-0c7a4c1b2923> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://clanmcculloch.org/what-happened-to-the-mcculloch-estates/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.973937 | 300 | 3.15625 | 3 |
Nearly three-quarters of graduates will never repay their student loans in full and will still be paying off their debts in their fifties, the Institute for Fiscal Studies has said, prompting calls from an influential social mobility group for a rethink of the new system.
An IFS report for the Sutton Trust, titled Payback Time? and published on 10 April, says that under the new system 73 per cent of all graduates will not have repaid their debt in full by the end of the repayment period, compared with 32 per cent under the old system.
Conor Ryan, director of research and communications at the Sutton Trust, said that “for many professionals, such as teachers, this will mean having to find up to £2,500 extra a year to service loans at a time when their children are still at school and family and mortgage costs are at their most pressing”.
He added: “We believe that the government needs to look again at fees, loans and teaching grants to get a fairer balance.”
The research – by Claire Crawford and Wenchao Jin of the IFS – says: “In cash terms, we estimate that, on average, graduates will now repay a total of £66,897.” This is more than twice the £32,917 they would have repaid under the pre-2012 system.
The researchers say that a typical teacher (who earns the average earnings among teachers at each age) will still owe about £37,000, in 2014 prices, at the age of 40 and will be expected to repay £1,700-£2,500 “more per year in 2014 prices during their 40s and early 50s under the new system than under the old”.
The IFS says that the extra costs of the new system amount to “around an additional £1,090 per year on average between ages 41 and 51 in 2014 prices”. And it adds: “This may make it more difficult for affected individuals to meet ongoing expenses over this period.”
Figures released in response to a written question from Liam Byrne, the shadow universities, science and skills minister, show that the government estimates that 60 per cent of graduates under the post-2012 loan system will have some or all of their loan written off, up from 40 per cent under the pre-2012 system. | <urn:uuid:68711bb2-a5dd-433b-9313-c13f6079b45e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/graduates-will-be-paying-well-into-their-fifties/2012573.article | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281226.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00379-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.97326 | 487 | 1.695313 | 2 |
With Valentine’s Day just around the corner, I thought a post about love and its depiction in art was in order. In this case, a story of unrequited love. The tale of Lancelot and Elaine from the Arthurian Legends has been the inspiration for numerous paintings and illustrations. According to the tale, Lancelot leaves Camelot in disguise and comes upon the tower of Astolat. He is taken in by the lord, his two sons, and his daughter Elaine. He decides to enter a grand tournament in his disguise and to further the deception, agrees to wear the favor of Elaine, a red sleeve of hers embroidered with pearls, on his helmet.
At the tournament Lancelot is injured and is nursed back to health by Elaine during which time she falls in love with him. She takes it upon herself to embroider him a case for his shield imagining all the adventures and battles that have made their mark upon its surface. When Lancelot’s injuries have healed, she declares her love for him but he rejects her as his heart is already given to Guinevere.
At the time of his departure, he never glances back at her hoping to quickly dispell her passion, but she falls in to despair and dies of a broken heart. ‘Love, art thou sweet? Then bitter death must be: Love, thou art bitter; sweet is death to me. O Love, if death be sweeter, let me die.’ Her last wish is to have her body taken in a barge upstream to Camelot where all may gaze upon her and know her story. | <urn:uuid:1fdf9b40-ca0f-4a37-a95e-dd4d54a6e1c2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://blog.aifriedman.com/2014/02/12/a-darker-side-of-love/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00266-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.981574 | 329 | 1.882813 | 2 |
Maybe fitting doesn't require resembling. I'm inclined to think that it gives people an emotion. sense of fittingness if there is a similarity between the offense and the crime, but retributive theory just says you're supposed to deprive the offender of happiness in a measure that is calibrated to the wrongness of the act. There is nothing in that that requires that the form of the punishment resemble the offense.
When a murderer is executed, the death of the murderer differs in many ways from the death of the victim. The state makes sure the death is relatively free of physical pain, something murderers don't care about. The person executed has an execution date set on the calendar for years prior, the victim doesn't. So the murderer's experience differs in many ways from that of the victim.
Everyone is under a death sentence, anyway. | <urn:uuid:07e16ca4-0b59-4d4e-8097-521f9ad22ab3> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://dangerousidea.blogspot.com/2011/10/does-fitting-crime-require-resembling.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282926.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00393-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.973058 | 170 | 2.21875 | 2 |
SHARD END - BIRMINGHAM
Updated November, 2019
Jeff Lynne guitar (left in 1965)
Rob Reader bass guitar (left in 1964)
David Walsh drums (left in 1964)
Dave Watson guitar
John Kerton lead vocal (joined in 1964)
Kevin "Kex" Gorin drums (joined in 1964)
Dave Merrick bass guitar (joined 1964 - left 1966)
Robert "Willie" Watson harmonica (joined 1964 - left 1965)
Jake Commander guitar (joined in 1965)
Malcolm Garner bass guitar (joined in 1966)
Mike Heard lead guitar (joined in 1966)
This band is significant in rock music history as the first to feature Jeff Lynne who would go on to eventually lead the world-famous "Electric Light Orchestra" (ELO). The Andicaps were formed in early 1963 by four teenagers who lived in the Shard End area of Birmingham.
Bass guitarist Robert (Bob) Reader and drummer David Walsh were both pupils at Alderlea Boys Secondary School. The guitarists David Watson and Jeffrey Lynne both lived on Shard End Crescent.
Jeff Lynne was born in Birmingham on December 30, 1947 and lived with his parents in a council house at 368 Shard End Crescent. While a schoolboy, Jeff went to a Del Shannon concert at Birmingham Town Hall and was so impressed, that joining a band became his main ambition. Roy Orbison was another early influence on the young Jeff Lynne as well as Chuck Berry, The Shadows and later of course, The Beatles.
Jeff's natural talent for music enabled him to master the piano and guitar. He spent many hours practicing in the front room of his parent's house where he also experimented making recordings using an old tape recorder. This early experience in home recording would prove valuable later in his career.
Rob Reader recalled; "I was only fourteen and still at school when Jeff formed the Andicaps and I became the group's bass player. Jeff was a self taught guitarist and even taught me to play bass."
Jeff, Rob and Dave first got together playing Spanish guitars before purchasing whatever electric instruments they could afford. What the line-up lacked in financial resources, they certainly made up for in enthusiasm.
The band was originally called "The Rockin' Hellcats" but Dave Walsh (who had only a drummer's practice pad) had to save up for a set of drums which resulted in his idea to re-name the group "The Handicaps". This was wisely amended to "The Andicaps" and so avoid offending those with a disability.
Shown at top of this page is the historic first photo of the Andicaps taken by Dave Walsh's Dad. The line-up from left to right is Dave Walsh, Dave Watson, Jeff Lynne, and Rob Reader. The young group proudly show-off their new instruments including Jeff's "Burns Sonic" electric guitar.
The Andicaps rehearsed regularly at the Shard End Community Centre and it was there where Dave Walsh's dad got them their first gig to play at a dance for which the band was paid the sum of five pounds. The Andicaps were well received so ended up playing there every Friday.
In these early days, the band performed only instrumental numbers by groups such as "The Shadows" and "The Ventures". Jeff Lynne at that time did not have the confidence to sing in front of an audience and in any case, the band could not afford their own PA system.
Dave Walsh remembers; "The Harlequin Pub was roughly halfway between my house and Jeff's. The Modernaires were the resident band and other groups also played there on Tuesday nights. All the Andicaps were too young to get in so me and Jeff would hang around the doors outside immediately adjacent to the bandstand and were able to get a good listen."
"It also afforded the opportunity to talk to the bands when they loaded and unloaded their gear into the pub. We were soon able to blag our way in and always stood 'nerdlike' right in front of the band so Jeff could see what "Mo" (Maurice Jones) was playing on lead and I could drool over the subtleties and completely effortless relaxed style of Tony Finnister's playing."
The Andicaps must have been good as they were soon interviewed for a story in a local newspaper where it was mentioned the group had spent almost 300 pounds on equipment! The story went on to say that Jeff Lynne was writing songs for the group to perform on-stage. One of his early efforts was an instrumental number written for the band entitled 'Andicapped' but even then, Jeff showed an interest in classical compositions.
The Andicaps performed a version of Tchaikovsky's famous 'Swan Lake' as an up-tempo arrangement apparently entitled 'Saturday Night At The Duck Pond' - probably the same as "The Cougars" record that reached the charts in 1963. However, the Andicaps' performances featured mostly songs that were hit records played on the radio at the time.
By now, "The Shadows" had been replaced by "The Beatles" as Jeff Lynne's favourite band so many of their songs were incorporated into the Andicaps' shows. A lead singer was now considered an essential part of the band with John Kerton being enlisted as vocalist. The Andicaps started to play many more gigs around Birmingham including weekly bookings at the Regal Cinema in Handsworth where they played sets in between the Saturday matinee picture shows.
Rob Reader said; "Most of our gigs were in and around Shard End. So as we were all too young to drive, getting gear around was a challenge. On one occasion we had to play at a wedding reception in Nechells. Drummer Dave Walsh's dad was a lorry driver so all the gear went on the back of his lorry while we travelled on the number fifty five bus to the venue. Happy days!"
As with many amateur bands who formed at a young age, there was some pressure after leaving school to find "proper jobs". Jeff went to work in a factory but did not give up his dream of becoming a professional musician.
Dave Walsh left the Andicaps in 1964. According to Dave; "Jeff and I were always falling out (nothing new there!) and I was propositioned to join The Boulevards who were rightly regarded as the best band on the Shard End/Kinghurst estate". Dave later helped to form the Brum band Second City Sound who had a hit record in 1966 with the classically-styled 'Tchaikovsky One'.
Jeff Lynne soon brought in Kevin "Kex" Gorin on drums and Dave Merrick as bass guitarist to replace Rob Reader who was also leaving. Dave Watson's brother Rob Watson joined the Andicaps for a short time as harmonica player which gave the band a more blues-based sound.
Despite winning second place at a local competition for "Band of The Year", Jeff Lynne had musical ambitions that lay beyond what The Andicaps provided and longed to "turn pro" with an established band. It was to this aim that Jeff left the Andicaps at the end of 1964 and joined a well known local group called "The Chads" as replacement for their departing lead guitarist Mick Adkins (see The Chads).
The remaining Andicaps voted to carry on, so after enlisting Jake Commander to replace Jeff Lynne on lead guitar, they got a proper manager and started undertaking many more bookings. The band went over to Germany in May of 1966 with their van having a large Union Jack flag painted on it.
John Kerton recalls; "In Germany we watched England win the World Cup before we went on stage. Lucky for us we did not get beaten up!" The Andicaps also visited Lapland in 1966 becoming only the second British group to perform there.
Bass guitarist Dave Merrick left the Andicaps and was replaced by Malcolm Garner. Jake Commander also went and was replaced by Mike Heard from the John Bull Breed, a local group that had future Moody Blues member John Lodge in their line-up.
While touring in Finland, The Andicaps recorded a single that was issued on the Sonet label at the end of 1966. The A-side was a song titled 'It's So Fine' by Carter/Lewis of the hit harmony group "The Ivy League", while the B-side 'You Make Me Happy' was composed by guitarist Mike Heard.
As well as headlining, the Andicaps also opened up for and supported many famous bands and performers who were big at the time. Despite the large amount of bookings undertaken by the band, lead vocalist John Kerton left the group in 1967.
By this time, the pop music scene was undergoing some radical changes. Within a year, the remaining Andicaps also decided it was time to explore new musical avenues and the group disbanded.
Malcolm Garner joined the "Jasper Stubbs Gloryland Band" and later joined The Exception. Kex Gorin went on to play drums in the well-known Brum band "Magnum" whose first album was produced by his former Andicaps bandmate Jake Commander. Jake would also work for the Electric Light Orchestra (E.L.O.) in the 1970s under supervision of Jeff Lynne. Sadly, Kex Gorin died from cancer at the end of 2007 (see Kex Gorin feature).
John Kerton fronted the successful U.K. function band "Red Sun" who were the resident band at the Birmingham Locarno for eight years. He then went on to become band-leader on the luxury ocean liner Queen Elizabeth II. These days, John is Director of his own company JLP Events in the U.K. (see www.JLPevents.co.uk).
Jeff Lynne, after his time with The Chads, joined Birmingham's legendary Nightriders who became the psychedelically-styled Idle Race in 1967. Despite making several critically acclaimed records under Jeff's leadership, The Idle Race were unable to break into the charts. Jeff Lynne left to join The Move at the invitation of Roy Wood during the winter of 1970.
By 1972, The Move had evolved into the "Electric Light Orchestra" (ELO) and fronted by Jeff Lynne, they became one of the most successful British rock bands of the 1970s. Jeff's many musical accomplishments are beyond the scope of this website so for more info, please visit Rob Caiger's official "Face The Music" website at www.ftmusic.com
As for the other original Andicaps members, drummer Dave Walsh following his time with the Second City Sound, went to live in the USA where he became an airline pilot. Andicaps guitarist Dave Watson left music to become a successful commercial artist and advertising director. Andicaps bass guitarist Robert Reader who turned 70 years old in 2019, lives in Cyprus where he retired with his wife Janet a decade ago.
Thanks to Dave Walsh, Robert Reader, John Kerton, Jake Commander, and Timo Rauhaniemi for assistance in preparing this story of The Andicaps.
If you would like to contribute to this page, please e-mail email@example.com
Copyright © John R Woodhouse | <urn:uuid:184db3eb-9650-405a-8102-42498284a4fb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://brumbeat.net/andicaps.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00471.warc.gz | en | 0.984769 | 2,346 | 1.75 | 2 |
Witness: Secret Iraq prison for women and children
Iraq's Muthanna Army base has women and children in a secret prison, says an Iraqi eyewitness. He says some are family members of Al Qaeda suspect and are used to extract confessions.
But a member of the Iraqi security services says that as late as mid-May, he saw children playing in a makeshift detention center here.
"I just wish they would take the children out," he says, recalling the cries of an infant and a 3-year-old named Tiba. "I can't even tell my own wife and children what I do."
The Muthanna facility appears to be operating weeks after a separate undisclosed prison on the base, where more than 400 suspects were held and dozens tortured, was closed.
The witness, who is known to be credible, says he risked speaking to a Western publication because he and some colleagues were sickened by seeing women and children detained. He insisted on anonymity.
"To reach the point of detaining women and their children is unacceptable. A woman's honor is Iraqi honor," he says.
He says at least six women and at least eight children were being held, including the wives of two suspected Al-Qaeda in Iraq leaders, Omar al-Baghdadi and Abu Ayub al-Masri. The two women were detained with their children when their husbands were killed in an April air strike.
A Defense Ministry spokesman at the time confirmed that children had been rounded up. Children under the age of 3 are allowed to remain in detention facilities if their mothers have been arrested.
'Bring in his wife'
In some cases, the women were being interrogated as possible suspects, but in others they were being used to try to extract confessions from their husbands. Using threats against women to elicit confessions from male relatives is a practice well-documented by rights groups.
"Four days ago when one of the men wouldn't confess they said, 'Bring in his wife.' They put her in a separate room nearby and beat her so he could hear her screaming," says the witness. "They went back to the man and said, 'We will rape her if you don't confess.' "
The makeshift detention unit is said to be attached to the 54th brigade of the Sixth Iraqi Army Division – a unit that has taken the lead in counterinsurgency operations in Baghdad and increasingly throughout the country. The interrogators from the brigade's intelligence unit said to be threatening the women bypassed the Baghdad Operations Command's central investigations commission to conduct their own interrogations. The Ministry of Defense, its human rights directorate, and the Ministry of Justice declined requests for comment.
The man says he and his colleagues had never seen an international rights group visit the detention center. The one time a Human Rights Ministry employee visited the brigade prison and asked about a missing prisoner, she was asked to leave, he says.
The ministry last month suspended its prison investigations after the political fallout from its revelation of the undeclared detention centers at Muthanna, according to political sources. A spokesman declined an interview, saying they were no longer allowed to talk.
The witness said although the Iraqi Army unit has a joint operations center with US forces, the Iraqis make sure the Americans don't see the torture.
He said that on four occasions he had seen suspects tortured by being hung by handcuffs fixed to an iron bar and administered electric shocks through a black hood connected to wires. The last time was in late April. "When I see all this torture I say to myself, 'What is the difference from Saddam?' If I were under this torture, I would confess to anything just to make it stop." | <urn:uuid:6154ff67-0cfd-4081-97f1-e89d51410b70> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2010/0526/Witness-Secret-Iraq-prison-for-women-and-children | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280900.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00000-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.989006 | 748 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Pilgrims walk by the site where pilgrims were crushed and trampled to death during the annual hajj pilgrimage in Mina, Saudi Arabia, Thursday, Sept. 24, 2015 (AP)
Egypt's health ministry has said that the death toll among Egyptian pilgrims carrying out the hajj in Saudi Arabia this year has reached eight, state-run news agency MENA reported on Friday.
A 65-year-old woman died on Friday of acute circulatory failure while in her hotel room, the head of Egypt's hajj medical commission Ahmed El-Ansary said.
Earlier in the day, another 60-year-old women died of a myocardial infraction as she entered her hotel.
Deaths from heat exhaustion, fatigue and other natural causes are a common occurrence among pilgrims on the hajj in Saudi Arabia.
Last year, 43 Egyptians died from natural causes during the pilgrimage.
Saudi authorities say more than two million Muslims are expected to participate in this year's hajj, which starts next week.
More than 1.4 million Muslims have so far arrived in the kingdom.
Around 80,000 Egyptian pilgrims are expected to perform the hajj this year, Egyptian officials said.
All Muslims who are able are required to complete the pilgrimage at least once in their lifetime. | <urn:uuid:8b43e4e8-3230-4771-bd05-728a6761bfd1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/275997/Egypt/Politics-/Death-toll-among-Egyptian-pilgrims-in-Saudi-Arabia.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00278.warc.gz | en | 0.972666 | 270 | 2.140625 | 2 |
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