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Business aviation in Eastern Europe is bouncing back, according to the European Business Aviation Association. Data presented in Vienna at EBAA’s regional forum, “One Europe: A Roadmap for Aligning East and West,” showed that traffic throughout Eastern Europe in 2010 was up 10 percent from the previous year.
Ukraine alone showed an increase of more than 20 percent. According to the Russian United Business Aviation Association, traffic levels in the second half of last year were close to those seen in 2008 before the financial crisis hit. This follows a 24-percent dip in traffic levels for the region in 2009. EBAA chairman Rodolfo Baviera reported that Russian authorities are showing a willingness to reform regulations and tax structures that have discriminated heavily against business aviation. However, the forum also heard that regulatory inconsistencies among Western European states continue to be a serious problem for business aviation, as do differences in standards between Western and Eastern Europe. | <urn:uuid:f2db5adb-6286-4e5e-a366-c08bf971a7b6> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://jets.ru/news/19991/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721008.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00117-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961382 | 188 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Today is Tuesday, August 12, the 224th day of 2014. There are 141 days left in the year.
Today's Highlight in History:
On August 12, 1939, the classic MGM movie musical "The Wizard of Oz," starring Judy Garland, had its world premiere at the Strand Theater in Oconomowoc, Wisconsin, three days before opening in Hollywood. (Oconomowoc was apparently chosen to test the film's appeal to Middle Americans.)
On this date:
In 1813, Austria declared war on France.
In 1867, President Andrew Johnson sparked a move to impeach him as he defied Congress by suspending Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton.
In 1898, fighting in the Spanish-American War came to an end.
In 1902, International Harvester Co. was formed by a merger of McCormick Harvesting Machine Co., Deering Harvester Co. and several other manufacturers.
In 1912, comedy producer Mack Sennett founded the Keystone Pictures Studio in Edendale, Calif. In 1914, Britain and France declared war on Austria-Hungary.
In 1937, President Franklin D. Roosevelt nominated Hugo Black to the U.S. Supreme Court.
In 1944, during World War II, Joseph P. Kennedy Jr., eldest son of Joseph and Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy, was killed with his co-pilot when their explosives-laden Navy plane blew up over England.
In 1953, the Soviet Union conducted a secret test of its first hydrogen bomb.
In 1960, the first balloon communications satellite - the Echo 1 - was launched by the United States from Cape Canaveral.
In 1962, one day after launching Andrian Nikolayev into orbit, the Soviet Union also sent up cosmonaut Pavel Popovich; both men landed safely August 15.
In 1964, author Ian Fleming, 56, the creator of James Bond, died in Canterbury, Kent, England. | <urn:uuid:97954cb6-028b-4970-a054-2ecd53744fb0> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://dailypress.net/page/content.detail/id/550393/Almanac.html?nav=5097 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720972.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00250-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.943235 | 391 | 3.09375 | 3 |
(in response to the evil of XD)
XD is usually used in saying "lol im joking" without actually saying it.
Proof from a site:
A laughing face. Hey, it's better than lol.
When I was walking to the mall my friends got hit by a car and were killed XD
1. An internet expression that will hopefully replace LOL as the laughing symbol.
2. An internet expression that gets annoying if overused.
1. (the right way to use it)
Person 1: *tells a dumb joke*
Person 2: You try so hard that's it's funny. XD
2. (the wrong way to use it)
Person 1: I walked my dog ealier.
Person 2: XD
Person 1: Then I fed the cat
Person 2: XD
Person 1: AHH I'M TALKING TO AN AUTO-RESPONDING XD MACHINE!
Person 2: XD
Person 1: Die.
Person 2: XD
A symbol with X being the eyes and D being the mouth, to make a seeming of the person having squinched eyes and a mouth
wide open laughing. This is usually used to replace rofl, as the X for eyes indicates that they are laughing so hard
they may have fallen off their chair. Usually used in mmorpgs and chat lines.
Person 1: Hah i hacked some n00b's account then went and spammed lots of people and got it reported!!1!
Person 2: Omg XD haha he must be so pissed!
A smiley laughing hard.
But also a an olympus card for cameras.
"OMG That was so fun!! xD"
A phrase which genrally expresses the randomness, hilarity, embarrasment, etc. Often used in chatrooms of various kinds.
PERSON 1: Two hamburgers walked into a bar and the barman said, 'Sorry, we don't serve food.'
PERSON 2: XD
A: We squashed oranges in the canteen at lunch.
One of the most awesome smileys ever made.
Unfortunately most noobs have taken it apon themselfs too use it after every bloody sentence.
It symbolises laughing or a happy face.
Also when written as XD it means that they are laughing hysterically.
Mate: So anyway it was bloody funny.
Me: I'm sure it was xD
Me: So how are you?
Me: .. Are you going too say or what?
Me: What the hell...
A computer term to be used as a smiley that they have not quite figured it out yet.. that means you are smiling so hard
you cant even smile with your eyes open.
Oh shit, you did what?....Thats okay I love you anyways! XD
a sideways face! means something is very funny. an internet abbreviation.
man 1: oh my god! that video was so funny!
man 2: XD
9) a smiley face generally used by girls to express hilarity or randomness.
"Did you see what Tim did yesterday?"
"Oh, that was funny. XD"
Smiley who died smiling.
An internet Smiley used to express extreme happiness or laughter.
Also used in ordinary speech, in real life, between 'internet geeks' to say when they think something is 'cool' or
1. xD i won the lottery
2. xD look at that looser over there
This a typing symbol used like awesome.people use this smiley face replacing the word awesome or sweet.
Bob-*tells exciting news*
Another word for "ROFL!"
OMG That is sooo funny! XD
Used by anime fans online to covey embarassment or to laugh about something embarassing.
NormalKid: Can you believe I fell down the stairs at school!?
AnimeFan1: I KNOW! How embarassing! XD
normally used as a noun ("that's funny xD"), xD can also be used as a verb, meaning 'to laugh'
That web site made me xD.
its a smiley, usually means the the person is laughing so hard their eyes close, signified by the X, like the eyes in
An emoticon commonly used on the internet to express happiness, self-depreciation, laughter, bewilderment, or sarcasm.
(Tilted 90 degrees clockwise, X indicates squeezed eyes and D an open laughing mouth.)
The definition of XD is "lol"
XD is when you laughing so hard that your eyes are squeezed shut.
So all of these are from different sites and from different people. None of them say "evil perverted smiley", do they?
That is all. | <urn:uuid:c1f9d6c1-de65-4827-9a4f-c4f8bc541d9a> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://kupika.com/sarahnicole11/goodnessofXD | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719136.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00468-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.920611 | 1,021 | 2.015625 | 2 |
The meaning of the name ' Chaturashrah '
' Chaturashrah ' is Hindu Boy name meaning : " One Who Deals Squarely "
Numerology : 9 ( read the mean )
Hindi writting : converter tool
Length of name : 12 letters
Note : When you found the good name for baby on this website, before making a decision choosing a baby name , please verify the accuracy of names and their meanings again with the knowledgeable individuals.
Similar Hindu Names :
|Chaanakya||A Great Scholar||read more...|
|Chaanooraandhra-Nishoodanah||The Slayer Of Canura||read more...|
|Chaaruchandra||Beautilful Moon||read more...|
|Chaarudatt||Born Of Beauty||read more...|
|Chaaruhaas||With Beautiful Smile||read more...|
|Chahel||Good Cheer||read more...|
|Chaitanya||Knowledge , Life||read more...|
|Chakor||A Bird That Loves The Moon||read more...| | <urn:uuid:aaa2975a-59b3-41e6-9efd-023c44f5388b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ihindu.name/5000-meaning-Chaturashrah-hindu-names.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00270.warc.gz | en | 0.664369 | 272 | 1.625 | 2 |
All designers should have a strong grasp of the fundamentals of typography. And even if you do, the rapid evolution of the discipline means you can never totally relax and rest on your laurels.
New typographic styles, technologies and business models are continually emerging, and it’s easy to miss new information, hidden beneath the blizzard of online noise.
So in this post, we list 5 of the biggest typography trends of 2016. If there’s a trend you feel we need to add to the list, though, please let us know in the comments below.
01. Geometric fonts
We’ve long had a love affair at Creative Bloq with design based on elementary shapes – squares, circles and triangles – from to to . And so we were pleased to see an increased popularity for geometric fonts in 2016, as big names like Pepsi, Virgin Atlantic and Adidas harnessed their outward simplicity to convey a sense of honesty and trustworthiness in their branding.
But as with any type trend, it’s all about using a font in the correct context. This beautiful website (above) for construction company , for instance, makes clever use of geometric type to convey a sense of precision and professionalism.
02. Custom fonts
With an increasing number and diversity of devices populating our world, it’s not surprising that tech firms were hard at work creating custom typefaces in 2016. So we saw Amazon introduce Bookerly: a serif typeface designed by Dalton Maag for reading on Kindle, with a stated aim of reducing eyestrain. Elsewhere, Apple spread its new San Francisco typeface, which debuted with the Apple Watch, across the MacOS, iOS, watchOS, and tvOS platforms, while Google continued to roll out its own custom typeface, Product Sans.
And it wasn’t just the tech world where new custom typefaces were making an impact. They even played a cameo in the US election, with the creation of , a custom typeface for Hillary Clinton, in April. Then as her rival’s campaign hotted up in October, Buzzfeed and Font Bureau teamed up to bring us , a fun font that apes Donald Trump distinctive handwriting.
Meanwhile, for those who want to make their own custom typefaces, that became easier than ever in 2016 with new (albeit basic) tools such as Prototypo and FontArk, a trend we can only see continuing into 2017, especially when and if Adobe’s Project Faces emerges from its development phase.
03. Responsive typography
The giants of tech may have the resources to create a custom typeface for every different device. But ordinary web designers have to go about things in a different way. You’ve no doubt heard of responsive web design; a way of building websites so they adapt their content gracefully to different screen sizes. Well, 2016 was the year of responsive typography, which extends this notion to ensure readability across a wide variety of devices and viewports. You can see it in action on the .
Responsive typography has been around for a while, but this was the year it went mainstream. That said, it’s still early days; as much an artform as a technical approach, responsive typography is an evolving discipline, and so there’s no one set of rules to follow. Plus it’s not only about making typefaces adapt to screen sizes, but also making words accessible in other ways, as shows.
04. Variable fonts
When Apple, Google, Microsoft and Adobe all get together to work on something, you know it must be a pretty big deal. Launched at the ATypI conference in Warsaw this September, variable fonts are quite simply the future of web type.
A variable font is, in the words of Tiro Typeworks font designer John Hudson, “a single font file that behaves like multiple fonts”. This sounds like the stuff of sci-fi, but it now exists thanks to an improvement to the allowing type designers to interpolate a font’s entire glyph set, or individual glyphs, along up to 64,000 axes of variation (weight, width, etc) and define specific positions in the design space as named instances (bold, condensed, etc).
Admittedly, it’s going to be a while before we can actually start designing with variable fonts, and nobody’s yet worked how the business models will work. But it’s certainly an exciting development, and on a par with the original move from system fonts to web fonts. To learn more, read the and follow the continuing discussion at .
05. New business models
With competition for designers’ business hotting up in 2016, new font services have been multiplying, and the major players have been innovating like never before. They’re making it easier and easier for designers to trial fonts in their browsers, and within their designs, before committing to purchase.
So for example, August saw the launch of what was dubbed the ‘iTunes for typography’, : a cloud-based type manager that allows users to find and test new fonts. Just last month Hoefler&Co launched its own new tool, , which enables you to pick any font from its catalogue and try it out at different sizes, with different line spacings and in a range of styles. And here are four other .
Font providers are also battling to provide you with the most choice in the way you pay for your fonts. So for instance, this month Adobe Typekit launched , which makes more than 6,000 of its fonts available for individual purchase, without the need for a subscription.
While some of these new business models may seem confusing, in general the increasing competitiveness between font providers can only be a good thing for designers going forward into 2017. | <urn:uuid:eed74ab2-e7bf-4769-8423-7053a4cfbe01> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.creativebloq.com/features/top-5-typography-trends-of-2016 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280761.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00097-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.937563 | 1,205 | 1.632813 | 2 |
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The Marprelate Controversy was a war of pamphlets waged in England and Wales in 1588 and 1589, between a puritan writer who employed the pseudonym Martin Marprelate, and defenders of the Established Church.
Martin's tracts are characterized by violent and personal invective against the Anglican dignitaries, by the assumption that the writer had numerous and powerful adherents and was able to enforce his demands for reform, and by a plain and homely style combined with pungent wit. While he maintained the puritan doctrines as a whole, the special point of his attack was the Episcopacy. The pamphlets were printed at a secret press established by John Penry, a Welsh puritan, with the help of the printer Robert Waldegrave, about midsummer 1588, for the issue of puritan literature forbidden by the authorities.
The first tract by "Martin Marprelate," known as the Epistle, appeared at Molesey in November 1588. It is in answer to A Defence of the Government established in the Church of Englande, by Dr John Bridges, dean of Salisbury, itself a reply to earlier puritan works, and besides attacking the episcopal office in general assails certain prelates with much personal abuse. The Epistle attracted considerable notice; and a reply was written by Thomas Cooper, bishop of Winchester, under the title An Admonition to the People of England, but this was too long and too dull to appeal to the same class of readers as the Marprelate pamphlets, and produced little effect.
Penry's press, now removed to Fawsley, near Northampton, produced a second tract by Martin, the Epitome, which contains more serious argument than the Epistle but is otherwise similar, and shortly afterwards, at Coventry, Martin's reply to the Admonition, entitled Hay any Worke for Cooper (March 1589).
It now appeared to some of the ecclesiastical authorities that the only way to silence Martin was to have him attacked in his own railing style, and accordingly certain writers of ready wit, among them John Lyly, Thomas Nashe and Robert Greene, were secretly commissioned to answer the pamphlets. Among the productions of this group were Pappe with an Hatchet (Sept. 1589), probably by Lyly, and An Almond for a Parral (1590), which, with certain tracts under the pseudonym of Pasquil, has been attributed to Nashe. Some anti-Martinist plays or shows (now lost) performed in 1589 were perhaps also their work.
Meanwhile, in July 1589, Penry's press, now at Wolston, near Coventry, produced two tracts purporting to be by sons of Martin, but probably by Martin himself, namely, Theses Martinianae by Martin Junior, and The Just Censure of Martin Junior by Martin Senior. Shortly after this, More Work for Cooper, a sequel to Hay any Worke, was begun at Manchester, but while it was in progress the press was seized. Penry however was not found, and in September issued from Wolston or Haseley The Protestation of Martin Mar prelate, the last work of the series, though several of the anti-Martinist pamphlets appeared after this date. He then fled to Scotland, but was later apprehended in London, charged with inciting rebellion, and hanged (May 1593). The authorship of the tracts has been attributed to several persons: to Penry himself, who however emphatically denied it and whose acknowIedged works have little resemblance in style to those of Martin, to Job Throckmorton, and to Henry Barrow.
For a list and full titles of the tracts, related documents, and discussion of the authorship, see Edward Arber's Introductory Sketch to the Martin Marprelate Controversy (1880) (which, however, gives no connected account of the matter). A good summary, with quotations from the pamphlets, will be found in H. M. Dexter's Congregationalism (New York, 1880), pp. 129-202. See also articles on John Penry and Job Throckmorton in Dictionary of National Biography; and for the history of the press, Bibliographica, ii. 172180. William Maskell's Martin Marprelate Controversy (1845) is of little service. The more important tracts have been reprinted by John Petheram in his series of Puritan Discipline Tracts (1842-1860), in Arber's English Scholars' Library (1879-1880), in R. W. Bond's edition of Lyly and in the editions of Nashe. | <urn:uuid:cad36e86-40b0-4291-85b0-d93fe056cbef> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://religion.wikia.com/wiki/Marprelate_Controversy | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00274-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.975332 | 975 | 2.6875 | 3 |
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Ask Kids Relaunches With Cute Kids Features
Ask.com said the Ask Kids site was “built from the ground-up, with our own search technology.” It seems like Ask.com added a “very strict” list of which sites are allowed in the Ask Kids index and which are not allowed. They claim it is the “most comprehensive, kid-friendly search available today.”
The search result layout is pretty much the same, with a three-pane view, but it does add a more kid friendly design to it. The feature I like the best is what I call, the kids place mat, which allows you to draw and scribble on the home page of Ask Kids. Here is my master piece:
Ask also added what they call the Schoolhouse, which provides learning resources, shortcut links, and reference sites for particular school subjects. | <urn:uuid:440f3ea3-671c-4575-962d-52144a353ad5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://searchengineland.com/ask-kids-relaunches-with-cute-kids-features-14649 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00272-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959317 | 198 | 1.5 | 2 |
I recently came across an article on how Elon Musk spent days sleeping at the Tesla factory in order to reach his production goals. While his passion is admirable, the poster of the article praised Musk for his “work ethic”. But can you really call sleepless nights in a cold factory “ethical”? If the boss is staying late at work, what kind of work life is he promoting to his junior employees?
The 10,000-Hour Rule
The Millennial Generation has grown up hearing things like Malcolm Gladwell’s 10,000-hour rule. Gladwell states in his book, “Outliers” that if you practice a skill for 10,000 hours or more, you will undoubtedly become an expert, or rather, an outlier. Outliers are people like Bill Gates, Kobe Bryant, Oprah Winfrey… to name a few. These examples are experts in their field and have reached a significant level of success that one could only hope to imitate. His conclusion is based on research from Anders Ericsson and Simon and Chase’s “Skill in Chess”, which, to oversimplify, states that the more time you spend on a skill (on average 10,000 hours), the better you become. Seems pretty obvious, right?
The problem in our world of instant downloads is we want to clock those 10,000 hours as soon as possible. If we work 40 hour work weeks, 52 weeks of the year, we’ve only clocked 2,080 hours. Which means it’s at least five years until we reach the average number of hours it took for these “outliers” to achieve greatness. That is unless you work 100 hour work weeks or respond to emails while interacting with your kids, like Elon Musk.
Ok, enough bashing on Musk. He’s accomplished plenty of great things and we don’t presume to know the day in and day out of his personal life. However, the discussion of whether or not we should praise his “work ethic” is definitely up for debate.
Finding the Balance
While things like the 10,000-hour rule are prevalent in discussions about the workplace, possibly even more dominant is the need for work-life balance. It’s as if we live in constant contradiction. Achieve success by working hard, but not too hard. Work 100 hours a week so you can run a billion dollar company, but also make sure you spend time with your family, cook Paleo-perfect meals, and vacation for a week in Spain. Totally achievable.
Fast Company recently published an article “How to Advance In Your Career Without Becoming A Workaholic”. The article focuses on the quality of work we do, versus the quantity. The author suggests targeting a few key factors. These include staying engaged in your work, being more efficient, investing in relationships, asking questions, and learning when to say no. These traits are arguably more essential to a true work ethic and a healthy work-life balance. Isn’t it more ethical to leave at five knowing that you’ve done your work well, learned to delegate when necessary, and accomplish personal tasks with peace of mind?
Want more insights like these? Subscribe using the form to the right! | <urn:uuid:d036394a-e81b-4323-8cb0-d580fd14d1ad> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.perkspot.com/blog/work-ethic-workaholic/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572286.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816090541-20220816120541-00274.warc.gz | en | 0.961865 | 680 | 2.078125 | 2 |
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Showing results for tags 'adventure'.
[Excerpt from Michael Speaks: Soul Age Levels] MEntity: The FIFTH LEVEL has as its spectrum the polarities between EXPANSION and ADVENTURE. ... The 5th Level is about the Expansion of Truth and the Adventure of Truth. ... [royce] I guess what I am looking for is a good definition of what makes adventure more narrow than expansion. for instance, i throw myself into very unfamiliar situations like a recent gathering i went to and from that adventure i feel like a lot of truths came to surface. Adventure leads to truth leads to expansion leads to clearer insight of same truth? thanks MEntity: Polarities often refer to "narrow," but they just as often refer to "divided," or "fragmented." Often these are the same things. You are correct in stating that Adventure can lead to Expansion. It is only when one stays focused on Adventure does one reject Expansion. Expansion will always include Adventure, but Adventure does not always include Expansion. Keep in mind that we are limited in selection of words in various languages, and keep in mind that our use of terms in different contexts can give them different meaning, so the use of Expansion and Adventure here as it refers to the polarities of the 5th Level is different from the use of those terms as Needs. One reaches the Positive Pole "through" the Negative Pole. Only the Negative Pole can be exclusive. The Positive Pole is inclusive. So if you are going on Adventures as means for Expansion, then your Expansion is built from Adventures. For some, though, the emphasis on Adventure is only for stimulation, for distraction, or indulgence and addictions and fetish. | <urn:uuid:9bd3f982-a397-4817-832f-79e553335fcd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://our.truthloveenergy.com/tags/adventure/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.96473 | 356 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Love Letters of Great Men and... ár és hasonló termékek
Love Letters of Great Men and Women jellemzők
For some of these great men, love is a "delicious poison" (William Congreve); for others, "a nice soft wife on a sofa with good fire, amp; books amp; music" (Charles Darwin). Love can scorch like the heat of the sun (Henry VIII), or penetrate the depths of one's heart like a cooling rain (Flaubert). But what about the other side of the story? What of the secret hopes and lives of some of the greatest women in history?
Taken together, these love letters show that perhaps little has changed over the last 2,000 years. Passion, jealousy, hope and longing are all represented here - as is the simple pleasure of sending a letter to, and receiving one from, the person you love most. | <urn:uuid:a23e8c4f-0a06-4827-9e0b-0bb6c971d741> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.globalplaza.hu/termek/love-letters-of-great-men-and-women | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00474-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.889406 | 195 | 1.617188 | 2 |
Pandora’s Box: The internet, the power of ‘knowledge’, and irrepressible juror curiosity
[Dr. Doug Keene will be speaking on this topic in October at the Annual Meeting of the American College of Trial Lawyers.]
Oh, the things you can find on the internet. How long is a severed head conscious? How long does it take to suffocate? How much water should you drink each day? Which country was the most violent in 2008? You can find anything. And it’s at your fingertips instantly. Of course, it is up to you to determine what you can believe.
As a child, I was amazed by the World Book Encyclopedia. It opened up my small rural world in ways I could hardly imagine—other countries, urban facts, major social issues and events. While the CBS Evening News with Walter Cronkite was a nightly presence in my household, the World Book was my version of the internet. Now, of course, I know that by the time such books are published—they are already dated. And the internet offers easy access to answers to any question I might have. For example, do hawks ever experience payback for eating pretty, defenseless songbirds?
When we are so used to accessing information at a moment’s notice, expecting jurors to NOT do that is naïve. Imagine you are sitting in a deliberation room and someone says “I wonder if this fact was true” and you reach for your internet-enabled telephone to find out. It is natural. So much so that we keep reading in the news about mistrials due to juror curiosity and subsequent internet research (see our previous post).
We are seeing increasing attention to these issues by various courts. Judges are issuing specific instructions about not blogging, tweeting, or accessing the internet to find information. Some courts are considering confiscating cell phones from jurors during deliberation. How can we encourage jurors to stop doing what comes naturally (i.e., internet research) and encourage them to focus on the agreed upon rules of the courtroom?
- First, we need to encourage jurors to think of the courtroom as a playing field where both sides have agreed to play by a set of prescribed rules. One of those rules is that the party(s) on trial will be judged only by a set of facts that both sides have had an opportunity to examine and challenge.
- Second, we need to consider what questions our jurors will have as they listen to a story unfold. Jurors today avidly watch courtroom dramas on television and expect a similar approach to story-telling in the courtroom. Sequence your case presentation so that it answers jurors’ questions as they would naturally arise.
- Third, be credible and persuasive. This is easier said than done, but there are verbal and non-verbal cues jurors (and the rest of us) see as signs of honesty and candor. Transmit those signs. Jurors want to hear a compelling story but they are also suspicious and vigilant to the possibility of being lied to, tricked or fooled.
- Fourth, learn from pre-trial research. After living with a case for so long, you are often blinded to the reactions “normal people” will have to the case. Do the research. Identify the questions caused by confusion or doubt. And weave the answers into your presentation.
We can’t expect jurors to stop looking for answers to questions that arise for them. We can however, encourage the courts to continue their exploration of how to address this post-World Book issue, while we can create case narratives that respond to the questions of jurors in the 21st century. | <urn:uuid:46bd1d86-4b22-4cf5-9bdf-6efe7bdcf60b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://keenetrial.com/blog/2009/08/25/pandoras-box-the-internet-the-power-of-knowledge-and-irrepressible-juror-curiosity/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284411.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00454-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960305 | 754 | 2.171875 | 2 |
Old Settlers Barn
From the March Issue of The Kentucky Explorer
Would you like to share your Adair
County Pioneer history with other researchers?
Please feel free to send them for on site placement here. Please read the statement below.
*Those sending documented family record(s)
may receive the "Adair County Pioneers Progress Family"
certificate for the following four categories...
First Families (Settlers before December 11, 1801)
Early Settler (in Adair County)
Pioneer Sketches for those with ancestors in Adair County.
1. Each Pioneer Ancestor is entitled to 1000 words or less and a related photograph or graphic.
2. Each entry will have an e-mail link for the author
3. A copyright notice may be added by the author.
4. All Pioneer Sketches are posted at the discretion of the Webmaster.
Please send your Pioneer history for consideration to: Carlis B. Wilson
*Must be requested with Shipping
and Handling for the certificate.
Some Historic Information about Adair County
Adair County the 44th of Kentucky's
120 counties, created from Green County on December 11, 1801 and named
for General John Adair (1757-1840) a native of South Carolinian who fought
at the battle of the Thames during the Revolutionary War. It is located
in the eastern Pennyrile region and western Appalachian areas of the state.
The elevation in the county ranges from 585 to 1120 feet above sea level.
This county runs along the Cumberland and Great Lakes Trail, of beautiful
rolling hills. The main waterway is the Green River and its tributaries
Casey, Russell and other Creeks. The Green River Lake has much of its impoundment
in Adair County. Adair County is about 25 miles from Lake Cumberland and
about 35 miles from Dale Hollow Reservoir.
Thomas Bramlet, Governor of KY, Colonel Frank Lane Wolford, James R. Hindman (Lt. Gov), Colonel William Casey*(great-grandfather of Samuel Clemens,"Mark Twain."), Jane Lampton Clemens (mother of "Mark Twain."), Edgar Allen Diddle, author Janice Holt Giles.
Civil War In Adair County
The Battle of Gradyville, a minor skirmish was fought in Adair County during the Civil War of 1861. John Hunt Morgan,s Christmas Raid of 1862-63.
Some Columbia Historic Points Of Interest:
Columbia, became the county seat in 1802.
The first courthouse was builted in 1806.
click photo for lager view
More About The History Of Adair County...Adair County Courthouse ** (added 1974 - Building - #74000847)
500 Public Sq., Columbia
Historic Significance: Architecture/Engineering
Architect, builder, or engineer: Judson,William Henry, McDonald Brothers
Architectural Style: Gothic
Area of Significance: Architecture
Period of Significance: 1875-1899
Owner: Local Gov't
Historic Function: Government
Historic Sub-function: Courthouse
Current Function: Government
Current Sub-function: Courthouse
The town was laid out by Daniel Trabue.
The Bank of Columbia.
Benjamin Lampton House
The Creel House
The John Field House.
The Dr. Nathan Gaither House
Lindsey Wilson Collage.
It was set forth June 7, 1803, to build the first courthouse for the new formed county, which would take its place as the 44th county in the Commonwealth of Kentucky.
Mr. William Sutton and Mr. Robert Ball were contracted by the commissioners to build and complete a courthouse of brick or stone, 37 feet long and 27 feet wide. It was to be two and one half stories high, two doors below, one on each side, six windows below and four above. The cost was not to exceed 700 pounds.
Compiled by Carlis B. Wilson.
Source: Adair County Genealogy Society - Pictorial History CD.
Adair County Communities and Post Offices
Adair County History from the March Issue of The Kentucky Explorer. This article and other Historic links are on The Wilson and Allied Families Web Site at:
Adair County History from the March Issue of The Kentucky Explorer
Historic Homes of Columbia, Kentucky
Outstanding History Page on the Chambers of Commerce Web Site
See the online Biography of REV. JAMES BREEDING, the oldest minister in Adair County, was born in that county in 1803. [here]
Informative Link about:
The Formation of Kentucky Counties | <urn:uuid:75046002-1254-410e-a829-d0105c9582d9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~kyacgs/pioneer/Adair_County_Pioneers_Progress.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282202.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00549-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.899792 | 984 | 2.296875 | 2 |
I'm trying to create a column with a delete button that the user will use to delete rows. I want to force the user to use this button when they want to delete a row.
These were my requirements
- Clicking the delete button deletes the row immediately
- Clicking Delete on the keyboard won't delete the row
- The user can't enter the delete row by clicking outside of the button or using Tab to move between cells
Things I've done so far
- Created the column with the button and bound it to RadGridViewCommands.Delete
- Used the PreviewKeyDown event to stop the row delete when the user clicks Delete on the keyboard
- Set TabStopMode="Skip" and IsReadOnly="true" on the column with the delete buttons to keep the use from entering the delete column
So far this works but I found two issues (possibly the same issue but may require different solutions)
- When I create a new row, I can't click the delete button
- If I edit the value in a cell, I can't click the delete button
I figured they may be the same issue because they both have to do with being in edit mode for a row.
Issue when creating a new row
I run my project, click the bottom of the grid to create a new row, then try clicking the delete button on that row. Nothing happens.
It probably doesn't make much sense to delete a row while it's being added so that may be why this doesn't work. If possible I would like the delete button to cancel adding the new row, so kind of like a delete. If this isn't possible, I would like to be able to hide the button when a new row is created so it's obvious to the user they can't click it.
Issue when editing a row
I run my project, double click in one of the cells to start editing the cell, the try clicking the delete button. Again, nothing happens. The cell being edited seems to lose focus and no longer shows the edit box but I can't click the delete button. To get the delete to work I have to single click into a different cell and then click the delete button.
I appreciate any help you can provided.
This is the XAML for MainWindow
This is the code behind for MainWindow
This is my view model
This is the class used in the observable collection
This is my resource dictionary
And this is my App.xaml
And I've attached the delete button image I used | <urn:uuid:b1eb73f5-4346-43f5-b344-d84b3724f631> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.telerik.com/forums/delete-button-not-working-when-editing-row | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00069.warc.gz | en | 0.969632 | 524 | 1.5625 | 2 |
This past winter, voices from across social media platforms called for more diversity within young adult literature. Peregrine is adding its voice to the chorus. We believe our art form can be stronger, more relevant, and more expressive by expanding the conversation to include a diversity of creative perspectives. That's where our Creative Youth Development projects come in. We believe our young people have something to say about the world we live in; through these collaborative performance projects, Peregrine amplifies the natural creativity of young people from across San Diego County. Stay tuned for our inaugural program, #PeregrineWaterProject, in spring of 2016. | <urn:uuid:68e0e217-e72d-47d3-977a-906ca0eef5cd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.peregrinemusic.org/blog/weneeddiversechoralmusic | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.935237 | 127 | 1.515625 | 2 |
STAT S200 *Elementary Statistics
3 credits (3+0)
GER. Introduction to concepts and applications of elementary statistical methods. Topics include sampling and data analysis, descriptive statistics, elementary probability, probability and sampling distributions, confidence intervals, hypothesis testing, correlation, and simple linear regression. Recommended: MATH S151 (C or better).
Prerequisite: MATH S105 (B or better) or placement test.
STAT S373 Probability and Statistics
3 credits (3+0)
A calculus-based course emphasizing theory and applications. Topics include probability, continuous and discrete random variables and their probability distributions, expectation, moment generating functions, joint distributions, functions of random variables, estimations, and an introduction to the study of the power and significance of hypothesis tests.
Prerequisites: MATH S252, C (2.00) or higher.
STAT S400 Statistical Computing with R
2 credits (0+4)
An in-depth introduction to the fundamentals of programming with R, the free open-sourced statistical software. Emphasizes development of skills in preparing user-defined functions and code via topics introduced in traditional elementary statistics courses. Includes descriptive statistics, graphical and quantitative methods for exploring univariate and bivariate data through parametric and nonparametric methods.
Prerequisite: MATH S151 and STAT S200 with C (2.00) or higher, and upper division standing.
STAT S401 Regression and Analysis of Variance
4 credits (3+3)
A study of multiple regression including multiple and partial correlation, the extra sum of squares principle, indicator variables, and model selection techniques. Analysis of variance and covariance for multi-factor studies in completely random and randomized complete block designs, multiple comparisons and orthogonal contrasts. STAT S400 recommended.
Prerequisite: MATH S151 and STAT S200 or equivalent with C (2.00) or higher, and upper division standing. | <urn:uuid:e808e738-846f-4d18-8bf8-bc55b8fe85ba> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://catalog.uas.alaska.edu/course-descriptions/stat/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571719.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812140019-20220812170019-00269.warc.gz | en | 0.814499 | 405 | 1.835938 | 2 |
BackgroundThe Court of Appeal (“the Court") has clarified the law for employers in relation to their obligations in terms of accommodating employees who have a disability. Under Section 16 of the Employment Equality Acts 1998 – 2015, employers must take appropriate measures to enable a disabled employee to undertake the essential duties of their position unless the measures would impose a disproportionate burden on the employer.
FactsMs Marie Daly was a special needs assistant (“SNA”) at the Nano Nagle School (the “School”) in Killarney. She was in a road traffic accident in 2010 and suffered severe injuries resulting in her being confined to a wheelchair. She wished to return to work in 2011 as an SNA. The School obtained a report from an occupational therapist who identified sixteen duties of an SNA. It was concluded that Ms Daly could complete nine of those duties but not the remaining seven. The report was then considered by a doctor who outlined that Ms Daly was medically unfit to perform the role of an SNA. The report also suggested that Ms Daly could become a ‘floating SNA’ and this role was considered by the School, however, they could not acquire the funding for this position. The School then dismissed Ms Daly on the basis of these issues.
Court of Appeal DecisionThe Court overturned the decision of the High Court. Both the Labour Court and the High Court had put emphasis on the fact that there had not been a proper consideration of the redistribution of Ms Daly’s tasks or consideration of allocating her to the role of floating SNA. The Court of Appeal disagreed with these findings. It focused on the wording of Section 16 in its decision and concluded that Ms Daly could not perform the essential tasks of an SNA, regardless of the accommodations put in place. The Court also stated that there was no requirement on the School to remove all tasks from her job role to allow her to undertake the role. As a result, the Court ruled that the School had not failed to reasonably accommodate her and vacated the €40,000 award which had originally been made.
What does this mean for employers?From an employer’s point of view, the duty to reasonably accommodate disabled employees is less onerous than previously understood. Employers must be in a position to objectively justify the characterisation of duties as “essential duties”, particularly if they are going to dismiss a disabled employee on the grounds that they are not fully competent and capable of undertaking those duties. However, an employer is not required to create a new position for an employee who, even with reasonable accommodations, is not in a position to perform the essential duties of the position they have been employed to perform. Employers still need to act prudently, and rely on expert medical advice and document their decision making processes in discharging their statutory obligations.
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Click to subscribe or manage your email preferences. | <urn:uuid:700f20de-d049-4d98-9680-9f7d78ec74ed> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.fieldfisher.com/en-ie/locations/ireland/ireland-blog/court-of-appeal-clarifies-the-law-in-relation-to-reasonable-accommodation-for-disabled-employees | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00466.warc.gz | en | 0.980411 | 602 | 2.25 | 2 |
Journalists evaluate social media
John Cameron | Tuesday, September 20, 2011
During an annual journalism forum Monday, Professor Robert Schmuhl held up the Sept. 2 issue of The Observer for the Gallivan Program in Journalism, Ethics and Democracy Advisory Committee to see.
He read the top headline aloud: “Notre Dame embraces social media use.”
This headline is just one example of the increased popularity of Twitter and Facebook around the world, Schmuhl said.
“What do Twitter, Facebook and all the other social networking technologies mean [not only] for practitioners of journalism, but also for those who receive news opinion and analysis?” Schmuhl asked.
The Gallivan board members, all experienced journalists, focused their discussion on this shift toward constant online updates and its consequences.
Meg Martin, online editor for “The Roanoke Times,” said journalism’s engagement with social media is a result of readers’ demand for greater accessibility.
“It’s about bringing [stories] to where people are,” Martin said. “Some people want [stories] to show up in their pockets, on their iPads or phones. Some say they want them to show up on Facebook or in their Twitter feeds.”
For Monica Yant Kinney, metro columnist for The Philadelphia Enquirer, social media is also a valuable tool for receiving feedback and gauging public interest.
“[Facebook] is an ongoing dialogue between people who have some interest in what I’m doing or what we’re doing at the paper,” she said. “If two or three total strangers find a topic engaging, I think a few hundred thousand readers might find it engaging.”
While many news organizations now see social media as a necessity, Kinney said it could also be a positive opportunity.
“We are totally powerless to change a lot of these trends in our industry,” Kinney said. “My theory is that this is about enhancing and further building my brand and my employer’s brand.”
Kelley Tuthill, a reporter for WCVB-TV in Boston, said the responsibility to maintain an online presence poses a stressful but exciting challenge for journalists.
“We’re expected to tweet,” Tuthill said. “If I go out on a story, I’m expected to tweet throughout the day. There’s a live feed all day long on our website.”
This summer, Tuthill covered the notorious mobster Joseph “Whitey” Bulger’s trial. She said the case tested her ability to balance traditional reporting with social media coverage.
“It’s really hard to follow the proceedings and tweet the whole time,” she said.
Despite the challenge, Tuthill believes the social media element enhanced WCVB-TV’s overall coverage.
“People loved it,” Tuthill said. “I can’t tell you how many people told me, ‘You made me feel like I was in the courtroom.’ I heard from victims’ families that they followed it.”
Tuthill did, however, express concern that social media coverage may distract reporters from focusing on the traditional print, online or broadcast story.
“Now you get 140-character updates nonstop,” she said. “We’re doing that. We’re taking pictures. In some cases, we’re recording videos on our iPhones. Something’s got to give, sure. At the end of the day — six o’clock — is there an effect on the quality [of the broadcast story]? Maybe.”
While social media may take its toll on broadcast and print products, Twitter and Facebook are not a death sentence for the industry, Bill Mitchell, head of Entrepreneurial and International Programs at the Poynter Institute for Media Studies, said.
“[Social media] is partly supplanting traditional means of distribution, which, in the long-run is not a bad thing,” Mitchell said. “If we can distribute through Facebook instead of trucks and gasoline, I think that’s not a bad thing.”
Despite the advantages of social media, the panelists said journalists should still use caution in their online updates.
Anne Thompson, chief environmental affairs correspondent for NBC News, said journalists must be conscience of how their use of social media may reflect on their organizations.
“It’s dangerous, I understand, having done this for many years now, [determining] where the line is between the personal and professional,” Thompson said. “If you’ve got the [NBC logo] peacock on your picture or ‘NBC’ at the end of your name, what you’re doing is representative of the network, not just you.”
While readers continue to demand constant updates via Twitter and Facebook, Thompson said social media would never eliminate their desire for developed news stories.
“I don’t think journalism is going to come down to 140 characters,” Thompson said. “It’s one tool, but you can’t be an informed citizen if all you follow is Twitter. Excellent writing is always going to be the most important part of journalism — that is always going to be king.” | <urn:uuid:4c59b5ac-825a-414e-a5c4-4b16bc8ee0a8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://ndsmcobserver.com/2011/09/journalists-evaluate-social-media/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00277-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.930338 | 1,149 | 1.765625 | 2 |
Background: Transcutaneous delivery is the ideal method for delivering therapeutic reagents or vaccines into skin. With their promise of self-administration, cost-effective and high efficiency, microneedle patches have been studied intensively as therapeutic and vaccination delivery platform that replaces injection by syringe. This review aims to summarize the recent advancements of microneedle patches in application for drugs and vaccine delivery.
Methods: We reviewed the most of recently published papers on microneedle patches, summarized their evolution, classification, state-of the-art capabilities and discussed promising application in drugs and vaccine delivery.
Results: With the rapid development of nanotechnology, microneedle patches have been improved by switching from undissolving to dissolving microneedles, and their safety has also improved dramatically. As a drug delivery tool, microneedle patches can deliver bioactive molecular of different physical size. Additionally, microneedle patches can be coated or encapsulate with DNA vaccine, subunit antigen, inactivated or live virus vaccine. Combining clinical results with the results of patient interview, microneedle patches are found to be feasible and are predicated to soon be acceptable for the medical service.
Conclusion: In this review, we summarized the evolution, current and future application of microneedle patches as delivery vehicle for drugs and vaccines. Compared with traditional delivery tools, microneedle patches have many advantages, such as providing pain-free, non-invasive, convenient route for reagent administration and delivery, with no cold chain required for storage and transportation as well as decreasing sharp medical waste, needle-caused injury and transmission of blood-borne infectious disease in rural area. However, even though there are dramatic progress in preclinical investigation of microneedle patches, further testing will be required for clinical application. Further research should be implemented in multiple fields, such as vaccinology, immunology, and materials science, to improve this delivery platform. Because of their advantages in dose sparing, safety and treatment compliance, microneedle patches are expected to be widely applied in clinical treatment and vaccine administration in near future.
Keywords: Microneedle patches; dissolving microneedles; drug deliver; transcutoneous delivery; vaccine.
Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at email@example.com. | <urn:uuid:2ce85963-e3af-4591-9c98-83d48a378c7b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28552053/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571869.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813021048-20220813051048-00073.warc.gz | en | 0.932333 | 488 | 2.6875 | 3 |
More than 13,000 people have been killed in Syria since an anti-regime revolt broke out in March 2011, Rami Abdel Rahman of the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights told AFP on May 27.
“In total, 13,004 people were killed,” Abdel Rahman said, adding that 9,183 of them were civilians.
Another 3,072 were regime troops and 749 were army defectors, he added, noting that civilians who had taken up arms during the increasingly militarized revolt were being counted under the category of “civilians.”
The violence has been relentless despite an April 12 ceasefire brokered by UN-Arab League peace envoy Kofi Annan.
“Since the ceasefire came into effect, 1,881 people have been killed,” said Abdel Rahman, referring to clashes between rebels and regime troops, repression by government forces and bomb attacks.
The Observatory’s latest figures were published a day after at least 92 people, a third of them children, were killed in Houla, a town in the central province of Homs.
Abdel Rahman said the international community had to “react” to the burgeoning violence and said the UN observer mission deployed under Annan’s peace plan had arrived too late at Houla despite being warned of the violence.
“Why didn’t the UN observers go to the site as soon as the attack was announced?” he asked. “If the world does not react after the Houla massacre, that would be a catastrophe.”
1. take up arms v. phr.
開始戰鬥；起義 (kai1 shi3 zhan4 dou4; qi3 yi4)
例: The people have taken up arms against their oppressors.
2. relentless adj.
不間斷的；持續的 (bu2 jian4 duan4 de5; chi2 xu4 de5)
例: The relentless rain brought deadly floods.
3. come into effect v. phr.
生效；實施 (sheng1 xiao4; shi2 shi1)
例: The government censorship came into effect yesterday. | <urn:uuid:e214814b-46ce-4c20-8840-62db6bfce15c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/lang/archives/2012/06/06/2003534593 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279410.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00163-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.863207 | 493 | 1.695313 | 2 |
Also in the case of sliding windows, since the load must be equally distributed between the upper floor and the floor of the environment, it will be necessary to insert an additional structure that performs this task. Depending on the physical conformation of the glass wall, metal, iron or wood profiles will be created which will have to be made to measure in order to guarantee an original and harmonious final appearance. In addition, the glazing elements must ensure stability and strength so that the decorative crystals will not change their position, remaining locked inside the supporting structure.
Over time it is advisable to ensure the correct conservation of the decorative windows, in order to keep their colors and brilliance unchanged. In the case of frosted and drawn glass, during the cleaning operations it is advisable to avoid using abrasive products, paying greater attention and attention to details. The load-bearing structure of the window must also be preserved, so as not to compromise its integrity and function. If the profiles are made of steel, it is necessary to protect them from any corrosive products, while if the predominant material is wood, it will be advisable to use non-toxic substances that respect their natural properties.
In addition to installation and maintenance, it is of fundamental importance that the interior glazing chosen complies with current legislation. In this regard, it is good that the security measures essential to preserve the safety of those who live in the house are ensured. For this reason, the glass used for the panels that make up the internal glazing must be certified and ensure a good level of quality. In conclusion, the insertion of a wall or a glass door inside your home requires particular attention in the choice, installation and maintenance, in order to ensure durability and safety over time.
The charm of the Liberty style decorative glass window
Glass is a versatile and elegant material, used since ancient times for the manufacture of decorative glass used in churches, monuments and luxurious residences. In the Middle Ages the Gothic cathedrals represented a famous example of majesty and the decorated crystal of windows and walls was an important element from a symbolic point of view. In fact, thanks to the mosaic technique sacred scenes were represented and the small fragments of colored glass were able to filter the light creating spectacular plays of color. In the following decades, the production of glass underwent numerous changes and developed and perfected. During the Renaissance period leaded windows were introduced, characterized by small crystals connected by lead wire. This technique received a good consensus until it found its maximum diffusion during the nineteenth century, when the manufacture of glass began to become partly automated. It is from this period that we witness a progressive rise of decorated windows, until the early 1900s when, with the Art Nouveau
, they found maximum use. These were elements affixed to adorn gates, windows and interior doors but also partitions and wall panels, inside luxury residences.
The realization of the glass was performed with craftsmanship and care, contrasting sharply with industrialization and homologation.
The decorative motifs of the Liberty windows took up the themes of nature and the organic world, through the depiction of natural elements such as leaves, vine trellises, flowers and fruits. In this way, decorative windows for residential interiors created a continuum between inside and outside, giving the rooms fluidity and brightness. Furthermore, thanks to the possibility of creating the glass panels that adorned windows and partitions on a project basis, the rooms could be customized and equipped with extreme elegance.
The design of the frames and doors was also custom designed and the glass that made up the panels could be opalescent or glossy, multicolored or monochromatic. Thanks to the insertion of these artistic windows, the light filtered into the rooms making them welcoming and unique. Among the major exponents of the production of decorative Art Nouveau glass windows is the American Louis Comfort Tiffany who introduced some technological innovations. First of all, the replacement of the lead wire with the copper cord, between one piece of glass and another. Thanks to the constant commitment to perfecting production techniques, Tiffany achieved unexpected results, bringing the use of interior glass to splendor. Even in Italy, albeit with a delay compared to other countries, the Art Nouveau current represented a flourishing period for the production of glass. Just think of the valuable examples of stained glass that characterize the Art Nouveau buildings in Piedmont, Lombardy and Sicily. In Turin, these decorative elements found maximum diffusion also thanks to the presence in the area of the important glass workshop Albano and Macario, founded in 1899.
The decorative stained glass windows of the highest quality, produced by this company, were distinguished by the mixture of glass mosaics and painted and decorated sections. Among the most famous examples of Liberty style stained glass windows
,work of the aforementioned Turin laboratory, we can recall those of the Solferino Terrace, an ancient relevance of a residential building from the 1900s and today home to offices and rooms for events and conferences. These are stained glass windows of particular artistic value, preserved to this day as a testimony of the mastery and craftsmanship of the past. In this period, the decorative glass components not only affected the interiors but also the windows, doors and bow windows of the Art Nouveau buildings. In Turin, examples are the bow-window of Casa La Fleur, the windows of the corridor on the ground floor of Villino Raby, both by the architect Pietro Fenoglio, and also the door of Palazzo della Vittoria and the large windows of Villa Scott, in this case both are the work of the engineer Gottardo Gussoni.
Bow-window of Casa Fenoglio-Lafleur, Pietro Fenoglio - Turin, 1902 and on the right the decorated glass windows of Villa Scott, Gottardo Gussoni - Turin, 1902
© Archweb.com reserved reproduction - It is possible to share with a link to the page | <urn:uuid:bbca7b1b-0eda-44aa-9b68-150ff6ff5f8a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.archweb.com/en/blog/post/the-interior-decorative-windows/?page=3 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00073.warc.gz | en | 0.940947 | 1,225 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Flatbush Shipyards, Inc. has just received a substantial increase in backlog orders from the U.S. Navy. In relation, some issues arise concerning an alteration of the current dividend rate.
The current EPS of the company is now $14-$15. Historically, the dividend payout ratio mounts to an average 50%. So, the company expects payout the payout in 1959 to be $7/share. In the previous year the dividend rate was cut from $1.3 to $1.2 per share. But after the new deal, the CEO proposed a hike in the quarterly payout to $1.6 per share from the $1.2 given at present. The CEO even suggested the dividend rate to be propped up to $1.80 in 1960.
One thing to mind is that the company’s share price is marked high volatility. Davis, the Chief Financial Officer, associated the fluctuations with speculative trading. He argued that the variability in dividend payouts contributes substantially in fuelling the speculation. Therefore, Davis is not in favour of the CEO’s dividend policy proposal. He thus suggested a radical change in dividend policy by paying a constant dividend of $1.20, while putting excess cash into a reserve. This measure will help stabilize the stock price by dampening the uncertainty in dividend payouts.
However, Davis’ proposal has received resistance from a number of company officials because: 1.No other firm had adopted a similar dividend policy. Mr Davis’ proposal could not be tested in advance. 2.Objections of shareholders are not taken into account.
3.The opportunity cost of maintaining the reserve is high (assuming it is invested in government bonds). 4.Flatbush is a cyclical company. Changing the dividend policy could alter the composition of the clienteles. 5.The maintaining of the $1.2 dividend level in May alone precipitated a decrease of almost 12% within 2 weeks.
Below are some characteristics of the company:
Characterised by high volatility (depending on war); e.g. $52.6 mill in 1944 to $12.7 mill in 1947. Sources of income: -Two thirds from: small – medium sized navy vessels.
-Twenty percent from the maintenance of the US Navy fleet. -Other sources: orders (not more than 10 million in bad times).
Very conservative, there are no long-term debt outstanding as of 1958.
The estimated sale in 1959 mounts to $72 million. However, the company has backlog orders of up to $190 million to ensure a sale of $84 million in 1960. Statistical analyis:
Graph 1. Flatbush Shipyards, Inc; Share price and earnings (normalized to zero mean and one standard deviation).
Correlation factor: 0.70
Graph 2. Flatbush Shipyards, Inc; Share price and dividends (normalized to zero mean and one standard deviation).
Correlation factor: 0.83
Question Number One
We can find two comments regarding Mr Padgett’s proposals.
His proposal may be considered as a policy in line with the past, as far as dividends are concerned, this means, maintain their pay out ratio at a level of 50%. We can consider this as a stable dividend policy, although, it has a different effect of maintaining the level of dividends through years on the share prices.
Another consideration that we can make is that this sector is very cyclical; therefore we believe that trying to maintain the pay out ratio may not be a very wise decision, because this may have a very high effect on the share price.
About Mr David’s opinion we found some considerations to do.
He has a great concern in the share price fluctuation, so he recommends a different kind of policy. His proposal is to stabilise the level of dividends, not the pay out ratio, because he considers that this will affect the share price in a positive way.
His aim is to transform the stock into a growth stock, however, we don’t really think that this is possible because they are working in a very cyclical business, they are to... | <urn:uuid:5f44cd90-511d-435d-a1b8-39804cc00063> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.studymode.com/essays/Flatbussh-Shipyard-Case-177005.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280310.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00181-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954066 | 849 | 1.820313 | 2 |
RegistryFix is a program designed to restore the efficacy of personal computers when it starts working inefficiently due to kinks in the system registry. The system registry contains important bits of information about the computer. These data bits consist of invalid entries from program that were not removed properly. Some of the entries come from software that are no longer being used. The program not only identifies the errors and their location but also the potential problems that these errors might lead to.
With RegistryFix the performance of a PC can be improved exponentially by clearing the system of all unnecessary debris. Invalid system references and files are thoroughly removed so that PC errors, crashes, system slowdown and general instability are avoided. The application has additional features, including Browser Helper Object Manager, Add/Remove Program Manager, and Startup Program Manager.
RegistryFix scans the system in order to identify errors such as missing DLL files, as well as missing file associations, startup programs, help files, and system fonts. This utility also identifies invalid device drivers during the scan. The scanner comes free with the program and is programmed to pinpoint specific locations where the errors can be found. The utility is easy to operate and control and offers full registry backup as well. | <urn:uuid:57ec4572-e587-496e-8aa8-ce6836606fed> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.filefacts.com/registryfix-info | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280504.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00140-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951406 | 245 | 1.984375 | 2 |
Soon, eating healthier foods might be prescribed by doctors to avoid chronic illnesses such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes.
A recent study found that healthy food prescription would improve people’s health, which would be more economical in the long run. In the US, Medicare and Medicaid are covering these models of healthy food prescription. These health insurance groups made use of the data provided by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys for the computer simulation for sample representatives.
There were two scenarios studied. The first was coverage of 30% of fruit and vegetables while the other is covering the same amount but for a wider range of diet: fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts and seeds, seafood, and plant-based oil purchases. Both models were funded by the insurance groups mentioned above.
The fruit and vegetable incentive deduced a large number of cardiovascular diseases, 1.93 million to be exact. A larger number of prevented cases was recorded for the broader diet incentive 3..28 million cases of the same disease were avoided. 120,000 diabetes cases were also prevented.
The healthy food prescription did not only reduced the number of diagnosed patients but it also had an effect on healthcare utilization. This initiative amassed a total of $140 billion savings.
The data encourages subsidizing and prescribing healthy food to avoid diseases and for a more cost-effective living. Spending money on healthy food would be better than paying for hospital bills and medication. As per the popular saying goes, prevention is better than cure. | <urn:uuid:6cb8e633-3598-4d1d-a9bf-51cb5ee251b2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.agriculture.com.ph/2019/04/11/doctors-may-soon-be-prescribing-vegetables-instead-of-drugs-to-prevent-disease/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571869.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813021048-20220813051048-00077.warc.gz | en | 0.970707 | 299 | 3.21875 | 3 |
Violence is increasingly being used against doctors and other medical personnel. More than 75% of doctors face violence during their practice. Almost half of the violent incidents occur in critical care units. Anesthesiologists, especially those working in intensive care units (ICUs), face it almost every day. There are regular reports of doctors being abused, threatened, bullied, manhandled, and even killed. The issue is not restricted to our country but is a worldwide phenomenon. Multiple reviews and studies have been published in contemporary literature, with the largest number originating in China. The World Health Organization has drawn out a global action plan to prevent this violence.
Till the end of the 20th century, the medical profession was considered the most noble of professions. As a mark of respect, in cinema, in India as well as in abroad, someone always carried the iconic satchel of the doctors. The pendulum has now swayed the other way and the medical profession now falls within the ambit of trade and the patient being considered a consumer. Doctors are depicted as extortionists who extract money even for treating dead bodies. Unfortunately, some black sheep in the profession have been caught on camera seeking bribes/commissions, in exchange of favors for pharmaceutical companies, and the media portrayed all doctors as commission agents. Nobility has gradually taken a backseat and so has the respect accorded to the treating doctor. There is no doubt that there are corrupt and unethical medical practitioners, but the general perception is that the entire profession is corrupt and gold diggers. Corruption is a malady afflicting all professions, with the media and judiciary are no exceptions.
Health-care staff are the most exposed professionals to workplace violence. A survey of violence against general practitioners (GPs) in Birmingham found that 63% had suffered abuse or violence in the previous year, with 0.5% suffering a serious injury. Another survey of GPs found that over 60% of GPs experienced abuse or violence by patients or their relatives over a 1-year period and nearly 20% reported some sort of abuse at least once a month. To combat this problem, the United Kingdom National Health Service issued “Zero Tolerance” guidelines. A German survey, published in the year 2015, reported that almost 50% of GPs were confronted with aggressive behavior, with 10% of them experiencing critical to violent attacks, such as criminal damage to property and/or physical assault. A study from India reported that about 87% of violent incidents were verbal while 8.4% were physical. About 87% of respondents, in a survey in China, reported an increasing trend of violence against doctors. Patients are becoming more aggressive in their demands and are much more likely to resort to aggression if not satisfied with health care.
Poor quality of medical services and increased awareness among patients have resulted in an increase in medical disputes and at times violence against health-care professionals. Adverse medical events evoke a violent response from the lay public. Emergency and ICU physicians face violence almost every day while dealing with the kin of patients. People attending private hospitals expect exceptional quality service from doctors, as they have paid for it. The majority of the recent violent incidents have, however, occurred in public hospitals, where treatment is free. A major reason for such violent outbursts is inadequate workforce and infrastructure to treat the huge patient load. Poorly developed and funded health insurance schemes restrict options for the sick and make health care unaffordable. Long waiting times, short consultation times, and poor doctor–patient communication can easily trigger tension whenever doctors fail to meet patients’ high expectations. Doctors being caregivers are an easy target for patients’ and attendants’ frustration. Studies attribute this increased incidence of violence to commercialization of medicine; poor government investment; adverse media reports; high medical expenses; and lack of trust in doctors and hospitals. In a study in New Delhi, 73.5% of doctors attributed long waiting periods as a major cause of violence. Other causes perceived were delayed medical provision, visiting-hours violation, and dissatisfaction with nursing staff. Doctors felt that patients came late to hospitals when complications had set in and then get impatient and violent in hospital.
The news-hungry media regularly publish sensational stories of organ theft, medical negligence, prescription of expensive branded drugs, and malpractice. Movies and television are not far behind. The regular portrayal of doctors in poor light, with the objective of sensationalizing news, has played a major role in painting the medical profession as Satan. The media is the window of society. They should stop demonizing physicians and rather report medical errors with a sense of responsibility rather than as scandal. The media should be sensitive to the fact that medical science cannot replace the almighty God and make all immortal.
The doctors are the favorite bashing boys of the politicians. Doctors are regularly advised publically to perform the social duty of treating the needy free. For cheap vote-bank politics, senior government ministers issue statements demeaning the medical profession and painting the entire profession as corrupt. A court of law recently legitimized violence on doctors and commented that those who cannot face violence should not practice medicine. To overcome these shortcomings, governments need to be sensitive to the expectations of the common man and improve/enhance the facilities in public hospitals. Doctors must, on their part, sharpen their communication skills and should take time to clearly explain patient prognosis to attendants as they may harbor unreasonable expectations. Counselors for emotional support should be available.
Building a patient–physician relationship is essential to practice clinical medicine. This mutual trust is crucial to ensure cure, apart from maintaining a respect for each other. The doctor–patient relationship, historically defined as the legendary Hippocratic Oath, is now unfortunately reduced to a commercial transaction. The notion that the practice of medicine is a social service, and not a profession, aggravates the situation. Patient perceptions of societal injustice and commercialization of medicine lead to patient–physician mistrust. Physician training lacks core humanistic components that nurture empathy and caregiving. The public at large feel that health care is a fundamental right and they should not have to pay for it. On the other hand, governments have been shrinking health-care budgets overtime and gradually want to shirk off this burden. Limited government financial support to hospitals (about 4.4% of the overall budget in India) encourages these structural distortions. Hospitals refuse care to poor patients and the prolonged illness devastates families financially.
Ever since the incidence of violence has increased, there has been a demand to boost up security and to introduce martial personal protection training of doctors. The way to abet this violence is not to hit back but rather prevent it. The need of the hour is to develop better health-care facilities; develop crisis management teams; better patient flow management; training of employees/security to defuse crisis; and analysis of potential hazards and measures to control them. New laws need to be framed to deter the public from indulging in such acts. Most government hospitals in India lack security personnel. While it is an offense to assault a public servant, there are no laws for the protection and safety of the medical community. Assaulting medical personnel on duty should be made a serious cognizable offense. Unconcealed closed circuit television with video recording may serve as a deterrent, as well as be used to record evidence. Hospitals and clinics must have panic alarms and all threats/episodes of violence should be recorded in a critical incident book. There must be a zero tolerance policy for abuse. This policy must be embraced as a universally applied core institutional value rather than an imposed bureaucratic requirement.
The medical profession is not attracting the best talent due to concerns of poorer remuneration, limited job options, difficult working conditions, phenomenally long training, and loss of professional glamor. The profession is also suffering from a loss of face due to low-quality training in new medical institutions, admission/recognition scandals, and the financial burden involved. The news of violent events spreads like wildfire on the social media leading to fear, insecurity, and low morale in the profession. Patients’ aggression is making an adverse impact on doctors’ job satisfaction. Doctors are discouraging their progeny from taking up the profession. China is finding it difficult to recruit and retain doctor due to low morale in the profession. In a study in China, 49% of doctors said that they intended to leave the profession, while in another study, 76% of doctors felt that they would not choose the profession, if given another chance, and 78% did not want their children to be doctors.
The world is getting more violent. Violence is there in all fields of life. However, the medical profession is increasingly facing physical violence at work. Workplace violence has been shown to be linked to staff sickness, absence, turnover, and loss of productivity. Governments need to initiate health-care insurance schemes to ensure affordable health care for all. Major reforms, in terms of availability of medical facilities in public hospitals, are needed to regain the lost prestige of the profession. Unless doctors regain their most-favored status, such violence will not be ebbed.
1. Tucker JD, Cheng Y, Wong B, Gong N, Nie JB, Zhu W, et al Patient-physician mistrust and violence against physicians in Guangdong Province, China: A qualitative study BMJ Open. 2015;5:e008221
2. Li D, Yin W, Zhang X, Su M, Meng M, Wang Q. Investigation on turnover intention of medical staff in public hospitals and research of early-warning system's construction Chin J Hosp Adm. 2010;26:218–21
3. Wu D, Wang Y, Lam KF, Hesketh T. Health system reforms, violence against doctors and job satisfaction in the medical profession: A cross-sectional survey in Zhejiang Province, Eastern China BMJ Open. 2014;4:e006431
4. World Health Organization (WHO). Violence Prevention Alliance. Global Campaign for Violence Prevention: Plan of Action for 2012-2020. 2012Last accessed on 2017 Apr 18 Geneva World Health Organization Available from: http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/violence/global_campaign/gcvp_plan_of_action.pdf
5. Warren B. Workplace violence in hospitals: Safe havens no more J Healthc Prot Manage. 2011;27:9–17
6. Jenkins MG, Rocke LG, McNicholl BP, Hughes DM. Violence and verbal abuse against staff in accident and emergency departments: A survey of consultants in the UK and the Republic of Ireland J Accid Emerg Med. 1998;15:262–5
8. Vorderwülbecke F, Feistle M, Mehring M, Schneider A, Linde K. Aggression and violence against primary care physicians-A nationwide questionnaire survey Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2015;112:159–65
9. Kumar M, Verma M, Das T, Pardeshi G, Kishore J, Padmanandan A. A Study of Workplace Violence Experienced by Doctors and Associated Risk Factors in a Tertiary Care Hospital of South Delhi, India J Clin Diagn Res. 2016;10:LC06–10
10. Yu H, Hu Z, Zhang X, Li B, Zhou S. How to overcome violence against Healthcare professionals, reduce medical disputes and ensure patient safety Pak J Med Sci. 2015;31:4–8
11. Hobbs FD, Keane UM. Aggression against doctors: A review J R Soc Med. 1996;89:69–72
12. Wright NM, Dixon CA, Tompkins CN. Managing violence in primary care: An evidence-based approach Br J Gen Pract. 2003;53:557–62
13. Botha D. Are we at risk of losing the soul of medicine? Can J Anaesth. 2017;64:122–7
14. Bawaskar HS. Violence against doctors in India Lancet. 2014;384:955–6
15. National Health and Family Planning Commission PRC. Research on relationship between Yi and Huan in China. 2008 Beijing Peking Union Medical College Press:106 | <urn:uuid:781e2490-bf8e-4a26-a8b5-5184468ae8a6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://journals.lww.com/joacp/Fulltext/2017/33020/Violence_against_the_medical_profession.1.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00476.warc.gz | en | 0.940814 | 2,535 | 2.375 | 2 |
B-cell depletion in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) may affect production of antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), according to study findings published in JAMA Neurology.
This study included 546 patients with MS (mean age, 46.9 years) who had visited the MS Center Amsterdam in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, within the previous 2 years. Study investigators drew blood samples to measure SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.
Approximately 1 week later, participants completed digital questionnaires to provide data on patient characteristics, current disease-related complaints, and COVID-19 symptoms. The study investigators obtained other MS-specific data from participants’ medical files.
Approximately 11.7% (n=64) of patients had detectable SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in their blood. A total of 35 patients developed COVID-19, which was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing. Up to 11% (n=4 patients) of those who tested positive by PCR tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.
No COVID-19 symptoms were reported in 9 patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Loss of taste/smell was the most frequently reported symptom in 47% of patients who tested positive. Only 2.9% of patients without SARS-CoV-2 antibodies reported a loss of taste or smell. No deaths were recorded in the MS cohort of patients who developed COVID-19.
The majority of patients (74.2%) received treatment with disease-modifying drugs. Among patients treated with these therapies, the study investigators observed less prevalent SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in those who used injectable drugs (interferon β and glatiramer acetate) compared with patients who used other treatments (4% vs 13.1%, respectively; P =.04).
Patients treated with ocrelizumab had a lower median SARS-CoV-2 antibody response than patients treated with other therapies (0.2 nOD vs 2.5 nOD, respectively; P <.001). Additionally, patients who took ocrelizumab were considered B-cell depleted at a median of 2.5 (0-41) days prior to antibody response measurement. At that time, none of the patients showed signs of hypogammaglobulinemia.
A potential limitation of this study was the low proportion of patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2.
Despite this limitation, the study investigators concluded that their findings imply that “B-cell depletion could influence SARS-CoV-2 antibody production in patients with MS” and that these findings could hold “important consequences for humoral immunity after COVID-19 infection and possibly vaccination.”
Disclosure: Several study authors declared affiliations with the pharmaceutical industry. Please see the original reference for a full list of authors’ disclosures.
van Kempen ZLE, Strijbis EMM, Al MMCT, et al. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in adult patients with multiple sclerosis in the Amsterdam MS cohort. JAMA Neurol. Published online April 30, 2021. doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2021.1364 | <urn:uuid:6130a3b9-28e3-47f6-9186-7c40e21ca8be> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.neurologyadvisor.com/topics/multiple-sclerosis/b-cell-depletion-influences-sars-cov-2-antibody-production-in-patients-with-ms/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00275.warc.gz | en | 0.927984 | 696 | 2.390625 | 2 |
P. Bailey, G. von Bonin, H.W. Garol and W.S. McCulloch
During experiments on the functional organization of the cerebral cortex in the monkey and chimpanzee, as well as during studies on its projection systems, attempts were constantly made to prove physiologically the existence of those long association tracts joining remote regions of the cerebral hemispheres which have been described in the human brain. Several have been found but, as they belong in no case to any one of the anatomical or functional subdivisions of the hemisphere, it was thought best to report them in a separate article. The long callosal fibers have already been described (1) and will not be herein mentioned, except for the interhemispheric connections of area 18.
The method of physiological neuronography has been explained in previous articles (2). All experiments were performed under full Dial anesthesia, with the brain exceptionally widely exposed and with the pia mater and cerebral blood supply and drainage as nearly intact as possible. Electrodes were placed, sometimes at one site and sometimes at another, so that practically all parts, excepting the most medial portion of the inferior surface behind the temporal lobe, had been examined by the end of the experiments. The same procedure was followed with respect to strychninization. This was in each case performed by application of a few square millimeters of filter paper moistened with a saturated solution of strychnine sulphate. The activity was recorded before and after the strychninization. Photographs were made and the positions of electrodes and strychnine recorded on these. After sacrificing the animal the brain was peeled, rephotographed and studied to determine as precisely as possible the sites of electrodes and strychnine and thus to prepare the composite diagrams presented below.
The experiments disclosed the existence of three long fiber tracts, originating and terminating on the convex surface of the hemisphere: (i) in the chimpanzee, strychninization of the posterior margin of band I, which by stimulation was proved to be the eye field (area 8 of Brodmann) produces well-defined strychnine spikes propagated to area 18 of the same hemisphere, and also to the corresponding area of the opposite hemisphere (3). By partial strychninization of the ipsilateral area 18 during this strychninization of band I, it was possible to obtain a relaying of the disturbance of the ipsilateral area 18 to the contralateral. The time of this relayed spike is such that it follows the direct spike by more than an entire spike duration—that is, by more than 50 msec. (Fig. 1). This is considered worth reporting because of the strength of the commissural connections between
Figure 1. Chimp. XVIII. Strychninization 41. The outline sketch of the brain shows location of strychnine 41, location of previous strychnine 40, and location of sixth row of electrodes on the contralateral hemisphere. The spikes from strychnine 40 are now set off by the small spikes from strychnine 41. The top tracing is from the rover (R) at a gain of 8 H₂. The next four tracings are from cortical leads, ab, bc, cd, and de of row six on the contralateral hemisphere, at a gain of 4 H₂ (some 60 cycle disturbance in cd contralateral lead). The last tracing is from electrode V of the ipsilateral hemisphere, at a gain of 8 H₂, and shows small direct spikes from stychnine 41 followed by large spikes which they provoke from the partial residual strychninization of 40. At the right hand is a spike from strychnine 41 transmitted to contralateral cd; at the center a spike from strychnine 40 which fires contralateral cd; at the left hand both spikes fire into cd. Preceding each spike at V from strychnine 40 is a smaller disturbance transmitted from the strychnine 41. Paper speed 6 cm/sec.; tracing reduced 59 per cent.
the area 18. (ii) Strychninization anywhere in area 18, whether on the medial, lateral or inferior surface of the hemisphere, results in strychnine spikes propagated to some part of the inferior temporal convolution (area 20) (4). In general, those from the more inferior portion of area 18 are propagated further toward the tip of the temporal lobe. On several occasions this disturbance was found to extend just onto the central portion of the upper lip of the second temporal sulcus; but at no time could these disturbances be traced to the extreme tip of the temporal lobe, either in the monkey or in the chimpanzee. Figure 2 exemplifies these findings. (iii) Strychninization of the area orbitalis agranularis (area 47 of Brodmann or
Figure 2. Chimp. XXI. Strychninization 5. Left hemisphere. Diagram shows localisation of strychnine 5 and position of electrodes. The tracings are of rows III and IV. Firing in 3 of row IV and in 1, 2 and 3 (feebly) of row III. Rover at the bottom.
FFA of v. Economo in the human brain) produces well-defined strychnine spikes propagated to the anterior portion of the temporal lobe—that is, to what Brodmann calls area 38 in his map of the human cortex. Figure 3 exemplifies this.
The negative findings are equally important. First, at no time were any strychnine, spikes propagated in the reverse direction between the areas indicated. Finally, no other tracts were found connecting equally remote portions of the hemisphere.3
The method of local application of strychnine and recording action potentials has been shown to disclose not only the existence but also the direction of the fibers between the gray masses of the brain; for strychnine acts only where axonal terminations contact cell bodies and causes disturbances propagated in the normal direction, not antidromically. Thus it was reasonable to expect that its application to the problem of the direction of the long associational tracts of the cortex would help to show in what areas these systems originated and terminated. Burdach, (1819-1826), Arnold (1838) and others, by dissection of the human brain, discovered four main associational bundles
Figure 3. Chimp. XIX. Strychninization 24. Firing (11) at site of strychninization and (22) and (33) at tip of temporal lobe. Bipolar recording. Sketch of the ventral surface of the brain shows area strychninized and location of electrodes.
but, because of obvious deficiencies of the method, had not been able to determine accurately their origins or terminations. Subsequent anatomists have usually been content with schematic representations, one of which, ascribed by Tilney and Riley to Meynert, is given below (Fig. 4). It was a matter of surprise that each of the three associational bundles herein reported was found to be unidirectional in its transmission, and to arise and to terminate in a functionally and cytoarchitectonically unique area of the cerebral cortex, as indicated in Fig. 4.
In addition to the long longitudinal fiber systems others, running in a transverse direction, have been described in the human cerebral hemisphere. Those described within the occipital cortex—vertical occipital fasciculus of Wernicke, stratum proprium cunei of Sachs, transverse occipital fasciculus of the lingual lobule of Vialet—are evidently, as was shown by v. Bonin, Garol and McCulloch (5), fibers connecting various parts of the parastriate area. In general these are not as distinct bundles as are the longitudinal fasciculi. It might be pointed out here that we have found abundant evidence of such long transverse fibers in the firing of entire vertical bands on the convexity of the sensory cortex of the chimpanzee, but rarely of a definite fasciculus arising in one cytoarchitectonic area and terminating in another remote area. At least one such exists, however, in the parietal area of the chimpanzee. It extends from just above the interparietal sulcus to an area just above the posterior part of the Sylvian fissure.
Special emphasis should be laid on the time relations, for the conduction in each of these associational bundles occurs with axonal velocities. In fact, it requires high paper-speed to distinguish on an inkwriter record which
Figure 4. Left: diagram of long fiber tracts in human brain according to Meynert. Seen from medial surface. Right: diagram of longest fiber tracts in chimpanzee brain as determined by strychninization and electrical recording.
strychnine spike occurs first—i.e., the one in the propagating area or the one in the recipient area. The contrast between the rapidity of these disturbances and those which are relayed—i.e., are post-synaptic—is brought out by the experiment in which the strychnine spike was conducted the long distance from area 8—i.e., band I—to both ipsi- and contralateral areas 18 at high velocity; whereas the relayed spike crossing from one area 18 to another, after partial strychninization of one of these areas, is delayed so long that the last traces of the axonal termination spike has subsided—in a matter of more than 50 msec. (Fig. 1).
Consideration of the functional organization of the primate cortex as a whole might suggest the existence of a pathway from the temporal lobe to remote regions of the cortex, but the present experiments have failed to reveal any such structure.
By applying strychnine locally to the cerebral cortex of the monkey and chimpanzee, and recording the electrical activity, the origin and termination of homologues of three of the well-defined long association bundles of the human cerebral cortex have been disclosed. From area 8, the frontal suppressor area, there arises a tract leading to area 18, the parastriate area; this is probably part of the superior longitudinal fasciculus of Burdach. From area 18 there arises a tract leading to area 20, on the inferior temporal convolution; it is usually called the fasciculus longitudinalis inferior, and may comprise also what anatomically has been called the vertical occipital fasciculus of Wernicke. There is a tract arising from the area orbitalis agranularis (called area 47 in the human brain) passing to the tip of the temporal lobe (called area 38 in the human brain); it is ordinarily called the fasciculus uncinatus. Each of these pathways normally conducts in one direction only.
Bailey, P., Bonin, G. Von, Garol, H. W., and McCulloch, W, S. Cortical origin and distribution of corpus callosum and anterior commissure in chimpanzee (Pan satyrus). J. Neurophysiol., 1941, 4: 564-571.
Bailey, P., Bonin, G. von, Garol, H. W., and McCulloch, W. S. The functional organization of the temporal lobe of the monkey (Macaca mulatto) and chimpanzee (Pan satyrus). J. Neurophysiol., 1943, 6: 121-128.
For further research:
Wordcloud: Area, Arises, Association, Bonin, Brain, Bundles, Called, Cerebral, Chimpanzee, Connections, Contralateral, Cortex, Described, Diagram, Direction, Disturbance, Electrodes, Existence, Experiments, Fasciculus, Fibers, Fig, Figure, Firing, Found, Functional, Garol, Hemisphere, Human, Inferior, Lobe, Location, McCulloch, Monkey, Occipital, Organization, Origin, Propagated, Recording, Remote, Row, Spike, Strychnine, Surface, Temporal, Termination, Tip, Tracing, Tracts
Keywords: Monkey, Cortex, Fibers, Tracts, Area, Hemispheres, Systems, Brain, Neuroscience, Nature
Google Scholar: http://asclinks.live/lxjm | <urn:uuid:cc3e667f-e444-43e6-b473-b568d573aaf6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://journal.emergentpublications.com/Chapter/mccullochcollectedworks/chapter_29/academic | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00668.warc.gz | en | 0.923229 | 2,614 | 2.515625 | 3 |
One of the important skills for parents of children with autism is advocacy. Parents need to learn to educate and assert themselves in order to acquire treatment and services for their child. In particular, obtaining a high quality and individualized education for their child is the priority for most parents. However, this is often an extremely challenging and overwhelming process for parents. Raising a child with autism itself requires 24/7 work, and affects parental physical and psychological health. Parents may not have enough time and energy left to educate themselves on how to safeguard the child's right to treatment, education, and services. In addition, communicating concerns and advocating for a child sometimes requires confrontation. The role of special education advocates is to help parents advocate for the special education services that the child needs, which are entitled to under the current laws. It often involves navigating the special education process, reviewing student records, and advocating on a family's behalf at the IEP(Individual Education Plan) meetings. It is distinguished from the role of special education attorney, such as evaluating a family's legal case under a variety of laws, and representing the family in court.
2. Background of Mr. Geigerman and the National ARD/IEP Advocates
Mr. Louis H. Geigerman is a founder (1995) and president of National ARD/IEP (Admission, Review and Dismissal / Individual Education Plan) Advocates. Although he came from a sales background, he gained the knowledge and skills primarily based on his experience of parenting a child who was diagnosed with Asperger's Syndrome. He explained, "After the shock of learning that our child was diagnosed with an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), our initial reaction was that the professional clinicians understood our child's needs better than my spouse and myself. Over time we found that our child was stagnating and not progressing. We came to the realization that we knew our child's needs better than the so called experts. Because my child was unable to advocate for himself, I had to do it for him. It was at that time I decided to educate myself on the special education law known as IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act). That was the beginning of National ARD/IEP Advocates."
His son experienced many challenges, including being victimized by bullies. Although a psychologist contracted through the school system initially informed Mr. Geigerman and his spouse that his son would likely be institutionalized for the rest of his life after seeing him once at the age of 3, his son ended up making outstanding academic achievements, such as graduating cum laude at Texas State University in 2011. Unfortunately, he tragically died two months after graduation from college. Inspired by the memory of their son, Mr. Geigerman and his mother Joanne Must have established an endowed lecture series at the University of Texas Medical School known as the Benjamin J. Geigerman Lecture Series. The Lecture Series was established to provide hope and insight to high functioning people in the autism spectrum for employment and life beyond high school*1. Mr. Geigerman continues to devote himself to helping families who are raising children with special needs.
He has served in numerous leadership roles locally and nationally, serving individuals and families of this special population. For example, he is an advisor on a local television channel regarding special education and public schools. His work was introduced in a chapter on the book by Scott Teel, Defending and Parenting Children Who Learn Differently: Lessons from Edison's Mother.
Founded in 1995, National ARD/IEP (NARDA.ORG) specializes in advocating for families of children with special needs mostly in the state of Texas. NARDA.ORG is a professional, non-attorney, fee based advocacy company. The NARDA advocates, consult with parents with regarding the needs of their children, including representation at IEP meetings, the filing of various agency and professional complaints, assistance in disciplinary proceedings, bullying and harassment cases and the representation in due process cases through the Texas Education Agency. The stated mission of NARDA.ORG is to "Level The Playing Field In Special Education Proceedings."
Currently he has four advocates working in his firm. Many of them have a background in special education. Some also have had a family member with special needs. The most important quality for this job, according to Mr. Geigerman, is passion. He explained, "If you don't have a passion or an interest, it's just a job and you really can't be as effective as you can be." He also stated that a sense of right and wrong and a sense of compassion are important elements that he expects to see in his staff.
3. Target of his clients
Diagnosis: Roughly 66% to 75% of his clients are in the Autism Spectrum Disorder. He also works with clients with other medical conditions or intellectual/learning disabilities.
Age: His clients have a wide age range. Approximately, 50% are families of preschool or elementary school age students. 20% of them are in middle school, and 30% of them are in high school. As for his clients that are older, the biggest issue is transitions. According to Mr. Geigerman, often times the schools are trying to just get them out the door while the students are not ready. For middle school students with autism, bullying is a common concern. Being a victim of bullying is an alarming trend for students with autism.
4. Advocates' role during the IEP meetings
His role is more of a facilitator. Often times the issue is just the lack of knowledge (e.g., special education laws) for the school and family. He tries to empower people to help them understand the process of how special education services are supposed to work. In addition, the school and family need someone who can play a role of facilitator to help both sides. In most cases both sides come out feeling that they were able to accomplish something. They will have a better understanding of each other.
In order to prepare for the IEP meetings, If possible, he will try to meet with parents, at least with the child, to help them understand the child's challenges. He also reads all the documents about the child.
5. Common gap between school and parents
There is a knowledge gap between schools and parents. Parents often don't understand what the schools are required to do. Schools also sometimes may not know what they are supposed to do. Often the source of the conflict is budgetary constraints. Because of the increasing budget cuts, special education services are very unstable. Sometimes the only way that a family can get help for their children is to find somebody that can help them navigate through the system and understand what the schools are required to do.
He further explained, "The problem is that the special education law is a mandate that was created by Congress back in the mid 70s. It was supposed to be funded at a level of 40% of the cost to educate these kids. They never got anywhere close to 40%." The actual percentage of the cost for educating these students funded by the feds today is around 17% with the remaining 83% coming from the state and local school systems. Consequently, the lack of funding often results in a conflict between schools and parents. Yet, ironically, school districts are often willing to spend thousands in tax dollars to wage legal battles with high dollar out-sourced law firms against parents of special needs students, in spite of budget cuts. On the other hand, parents need to pay from their own pockets to hire attorneys to fight school districts.
Mr. Geigerman has been very active in trying to get cameras in place in self-contained special education classes. There is a rash of abuse cases where children with some challenging behaviors have been injured by staff or other students in the classroom. Untrained teachers often use improper restraints and the children have been bruised. These teachers need to understand how to use proper, appropriate, and positive behavioral support to remediate the challenging behavior. Alternatively, this could happen due to not having enough staff support in the classrooms. Parents need to observe the classroom on a regular basis. They also need to ask about the qualification of the staff, including the teacher aides.
6. Final thoughts
Raising a child with autism requires a life-long advocating job for parents. It is a daunting task, especially when the parent perceives that they are solely responsible for acquiring medical and educational interventions for their child with autism. In fact, according to Kuhn and Carter (2006), about 80% of U.S. mothers who have a child with autism reported feelings of guilt associated with not doing enough for their child. In this context, receiving support and assistance from advocates may ease the role of parents and bring comfort and assurance that they are not alone in advocating for their child. The work of Mr. Geigerman brings hope that they can make a difference in obtaining a better quality life that the child deserves.
- *1 National ARD/IEP Advocates http://www.narda.org/our-inspiration.html
- Kuhn, J. C., & Carter, A. S. (2006). Maternal self-efficacy and associated parenting cognitions among mothers of children with autism. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 76(4), 564-575. doi: 10.1037/0002-9418.104.22.1684 | <urn:uuid:391c8f49-1a61-47bd-8de3-ef16d8bef78b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.childresearch.net/projects/special/2014_01.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00469.warc.gz | en | 0.979471 | 1,936 | 2.625 | 3 |
This site is no longer maintained and has been left for archival purposes
Text and links may be out of date
This page covers four things:
After reading this section, you should be able to decribe the main stages involved in scientific problem-solving.
What is THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD?
Science is usually fun. Most scientists enjoy their work, and fortunately it is sometimes useful to society. Since scientists are people rather than machines, they behave as other people do. They can be bad-tempered, pig-headed, jealous of the success of others and untruthful. Even so, the pattern of work employed by scientists, the scientific method, is the most powerful tool yet devised for the analysis and solution of problems in the natural world. The method can be applied as much to situations in everyday life as to conventional 'scientific' problems. The world might even be a happier place if more people attempted to solve their problems in a 'scientific' way.
Scientific problem-solving has a number of recognisable stages:
Science depends upon original thinking at several points. One is when we make the original 'guess' - usually called an hypothesis. Another is when we devise a test or experiment to show how likely the hypothesis is to be correct. A good scientist relies on 'inspiration' in the same way as a good artist. [Some teachers are concerned that this point is largely ignored in present-day science education.]
THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD in practice - two everyday examples
The examples constitute the sort of story you might read in a newspaper. We will try to analyse these stories in terms of THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD. A general feature is the lack of a rigorous test situation in the original stories; the strength of THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD largely lies in devising tests that are capable of discriminating between different hypotheses.
1. The dog that understands French
Mr Smith of Morningside has taught his dog Rover to understand French. Mr Smith noticed that every evening, after dinner, when he went to the door with his coat on and said "Walkies", Rover immediately understood and came running. Mr Smith was going to France for the summer, and, as an experiment in international understanding, decided to teach Rover French. He started to say "Allons" instead of "Walkies". To his delight, Rover very quickly understood and came running.
The results of these and similar tests should indicate whether Rover is specifically responding to the word "allons", or (more likely) to an overall situation he is well used to.
Notice that these tests do not tell us anything of a dog's ability to learn French words. They are only concerned with the specific case of responding to one French word. We will see later that extrapolating from the specific to the general is very important in scientific methodology.
2. Long-term success of a foreteller of the future
The Institute for Psychical Research conducted a study on the performance of well-known fortune-tellers. The most positive results involve Arnold Woodchuck who, at the start of each year, makes a series of ten predictions for the coming year in a national tabloid newspaper. The Institute has found that Mr Woodchuck is consistently correct in about 80% of his predictions. For example, for 1995 he predicted a political crisis in Europe (the former Yugoslavia?), a major human disaster in Africa (Rwanda?), a dispute over public sector pay (nurses?) and the demise of a prominent football manager (Mr Graham?). He was unfortunately wrong in predicting that England would win the Rugby Union World Cup. A spokesman for the Institute was 'optimistic' about future studies on Mr Woodchuck.
The apparent observation is that Mr Woodchuck has got more predictions correct than would have been expected by chance. The Institute's hypothesis would be that Mr Woodchuck has some kind of 'psychic powers'. Can we devise an alternative hypothesis?
We are dealing here with probability. If we toss an unbiassed coin we get on average the same number of heads as tails. If we asked someone to predict the outcome of the toss, we would not be terribly surprised if from a small number of trials, he got 4 out of 5 right. But if he continued to achieve 80% success over a long series, we would begin to suspect: (1) a biased coin; (2) cheating; (3) psychic powers.
Mr Woodchuck regularly gets 80%. Is his 'coin' biased, is he cheating, or does he have psychic powers? The most likely explanation is the 'biased coin' one, i.e. that the events he predicts do not have a 1:1 probability, but perhaps a probability nearer to 4 or 5:1 on; in other words, a very high probability that they will occur.
We have therefore two kinds of test:
For example, almost invariably every year there is at least one 'political crisis' in Europe and a 'major human disaster' in Africa. Similarly, football managers have a short shelf-life. Public sector employees (such as nurses, railway signalmen or indeed University teachers) have for years perceived themselves to be underpaid whilst their masters either cannot or will not respond appropriately. In contrast, the chances of England's winning the Rugby Union World Cup were over-stated by the English press - and this is a prediction that failed.
Again, the results of this investigation would be limited. They would probably show that the 'biased coin' explanation is the most likely. They would not show (a) whether Mr Woodchuck has some kind of psychic power; or (b) whether psychic powers are possible.
Notice also that even a large deviation from an expected result can occur by chance in a small sample (e.g., getting 4 out of 5 coin-tossing guesses right). This is very important in Biology, and the basis of the use of statistical methods in biological analysis.
After reading this section you should be able to discriminate between good and bad experimental design.
The design of a suitable experiment to test an hypothesis often requires some ingenuity and a suspicious nature. In modern biology, the experiment may involve very sophisticated equipment. But there are a number of features common to all good experiments (and often absent from bad ones) which exist whatever the technical details. In summary these are:
Experiments should be capable of discriminating clearly between different hypotheses. It often turns out that two or more hypotheses give indistinguishable results when tested by poorly-designed experiments.
Replication and generality
Living material is notoriously variable. Usually experiments must be repeated enough times for the results to be analysed statistically. Similarly, because of biological variability, we must be cautious of generalising our results either from individual creatures to others of the same species, or to other species. For instance, if our hypothesis is about mammals, it is inadequate simply to carry out our experiments on laboratory rats. Similarly, it is dangerous to extrapolate from healthy students to elite athletes.
The experiment must be well controlled. We must eliminate by proper checks the possibility that other factors in the overall test situation produce the effect we are observing, rather than the factor we are interested in.
An example: Growth hormone is secreted in response to a number of agents, including the amino acid arginine. This was shown by injecting volunteers with arginine. As a control, the investigators injected the volunteers with a saline solution. To their surprise, growth hormone was again secreted. The investigators then waved a syringe and needle in front of their volunteers, and found that that provoked growth hormone secretion too. Growth hormone is now known to be secreted in response to stress (as well as arginine).
At a more technical level, we must be sure that our method of measurement is reproducible from day to day, between operators in the same laboratory, or between laboratories. Whilst we might be confident about a balance or a ruler, can we be as sure about, say, a method for measuring haemoglobin? Do two groups of students measuring the same samples by the same methods produce the same results? Quality control helps here.
Investigators can subconsciously 'fudge' their data if they know what result they want to find. The answer is to do the experiment 'blind', so the investigators (and the subjects, if humans are being studied) do not know which treatment's effect they are observing. This can make the logistics of doing the experiment more complex: for example, when determining the haemoglobin concentration of male and female class members.
There is a story about a professor who devised a maze for measuring the intelligence of rats. One day he gave his technicians, who actually made the measurements, three groups of rats. He told them one group had been specially bred for intelligence, one for stupidity and the third was average. The technicians assessed the rats' intelligence and confirmed that the 'bright' group performed the best and the 'stupid' group the worst. The point is, of course, that the professor had put animals into the three groups at random. They did not differ in intelligence.
Good experiments often, though not always, involve measuring something: a weight, say. When you make measurements, it is important you know both the accuracy and the precision of your measuring system. These two terms are not synonymous: 'accuracy' means the ability of the method to give an unbiassed answer on average, whereas 'precision' is an index of the method's reproducibility. Ideally your method should be both accurate (i.e., give the true mean) and precise (i.e., have a low standard deviation). Sometimes one is more important than the other. For example, if you were looking for small changes with time in a quantity (such as an athlete's haemoglobin concentration), you would need a precise measure of it rather more than an accurate one.
Accuracy and precision together help you to judge the reliability of your data. They also help you to judge to how many significant figures you should quote your results. For example, if you use a balance reading to the nearest gram, you should give the results to the nearest gram and not, say, to the nearest tenth of a gram.
Some experiments are very difficult to do because it is not obvious what can be measured. This is a real problem in animal behaviour: for example, there is no obvious unit or measure for 'emotional state'. It is usually necessary to isolate measurable components of behaviour. Thus the speed at which a tiger paces up and down a cage can give some indication of the internal state of the animal but can never give a full picture of it.
Many of these points are rather abstract, but they should become clearer when you think about the following examples.
Example 1: Do plants give off water vapour?
Forty bean plants, growing in pots, were covered one afternoon by individual glass containers and left in the laboratory overnight. Next morning, the inside of the lid of each container was found to be covered in droplets of a fluid which proved to be water.
Plants generally give off water vapour.
1. Lack of controls.
2. The conclusion contains some points that are not valid.
Example 2: Is your supermarket's 'own brand' of washing powder as good as a nationally-advertised one?
Eric Triton bemoaned the fact that his wife Ariel insisted on washing his clothes with their local supermarket's own brand of powder. He was sure the well-known brand he saw performing miracles on television most evenings would do better. He therefore set out to prove as much.
Mr Triton decided to compare the effectiveness of the two products on what his wife called 'difficult' dirt: grass stains on white linen handkerchiefs. He bought 4kg of the well-known brand for £5.17 in their supermarket and noted that the same weight of the own-brand powder would have cost £4.47. He followed the instructions on the packets exactly, weighing out the same amount of powder and using their washing machine's programme for white linens. Mr Triton was aware of the need for an index of 'cleanliness' and therefore devised a subjective scale, ranging from 10 ('whiter than white') to 0 (the starting level of dirtiness).
Mr Triton's belief was substantially confirmed. He scored the handkerchief cleaned by the national brand an impressive 8, whereas the own-brand powder only managed 7. Triumphantly, he reported the outcome to his wife. Mrs Triton, however, was unimpressed. She pointed out to her husband that there were several flaws in his experiment and convinced him that the outcome was 'not proven'.
Further reading: Barnard C, Gilbert F and McGregor P (1993) Asking Questions in Biology, Longmans.
There is a story about an eminent Professor at Cambridge who gave a paper at a scientific meeting and was asked by a questioner "what statistical test did you use to verify your results?" The Professor explained that he used his own statistical test:
"In our Department we have a long corridor with a notice board at one end. I draw a histogram of my results, pin it to the notice board, then walk to the other end of the corridor. If I can still see a difference between the treatments then it's significant"
The relevance of this story lies in what it does not say! If an experiment is designed and executed properly - as we would expect of an eminent scientist - then the results often speak for themselves. For example, this might be true of experiments in which mutants are generated (or genes inserted) in an organism, giving a clear change of behaviour such as resistance to an antibiotic or expression of a new trait. Such "all or nothing" effects seldom need to be backed by statistical tests, but they still need good experimental design.
However, in many areas of biology we work with variable effects - differences in the growth rates of organisms, quantitative differences in antibiotic resistance or in size or in rates of biochemical reactions, etc. Then we not only need statistical tests to analyse those differences but we also need good experimental design to ensure that we haven't biased our results in some way, without realising it.
Good experimental design is the key to good science. But it's not as easy as it might seem.
In many cases good experimental design involves having a clear idea about how we will analyse the results when we get them. That's why statisiticians often tell us to think about the statistical tests we will use before we start an experiment.
Three important steps in good experimental design
1. Define the objectives. Record (i.e. write down) precisely what you want to test in an experiment.
2. Devise a strategy. Record precisely how you can achieve the objective. This includes thinking about the size and structure of the experiment - how many treatments? how many replicates? how will the results be analysed?
3. Set down all the operational details. How will the experiment be performed in practice? In what order will things be done? Should the treatments be randomised or follow a set structure? Can the experiment be done in a day? Will there be time for lunch? etc.
If all this sounds trivial or obvious, then read on. It's not as easy as you think!
Example 1. Experiments that yield no useful results because we did not collect enough data
Suppose that we want to test the results of a Mendelian genetic cross. We start with 2 parents of genotype AABB and aabb (where A and a represent the dominant and recessive alleles of one gene, and B and b represent the dominant and recessive alleles of another gene).
We know that all the F1 generation (first generation progeny of these parents) will have genotype AaBb and that their phenotype will display both dominant alleles (e.g. in fruit flies all the F1 generation will have red eyes rather than white eyes, and normal wings rather than stubby wings).
This F1 generation will produce 4 types of gamete (AB, Ab, aB and ab), and when we self-cross the F1 generation we will end up with a variety of F2 genotypes (see the table below).
All these genotypes fall into 4 phenotypes, shown by colours in the table: double dominant, single dominant A, single dominant B and double recessive. And we know that in classical Mendelian genetics the ratio of these phenotypes is 9:3:3:1
Most people also know that we use a chi squared test to analyse the results of genetic crosses: we do our experiment, count the number of F2 progeny that fall into the different categories, and test to see if our results agree with an expectation. In this case, the expectation would be that the results fit a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
But what you might not know is that a chi squared test would only be valid if every expected category in this case is 5 or more (it does not matter what the actual count is in each category, but the expected count must be 5 or more). In other words, we MUST have at least 80 F2 progeny in order to use the chi squared test for this experiment, because then the smallest category - double recessive - would have an expected 5 individuals in it (one-sixteenth of 80 being 5). [A fuller explanation of this is given in Chi squared test.]
Similarly, for comparing two counts (e.g. counts from dilution plating of bacteria) by means of a Poisson distribution, you will need to count about 30 colonies at the chosen dilution level. [The principles underlying the Poisson distribution do not hold for counts lower than this]
As a different example along the same lines, we might want to compare the biomass produced by plant callus culture in flasks containing different nutrient solutions. We know that we need more than one flask of each nutrient solution (i.e. we need replicates), and we will use Student's t-test to compare the mean growth in each solution. [Basically, a t-test compares the difference between the two means in relation to the amount of variation within the treatments. In other words, we get a significant result if the difference between the means is large and/or the variation between replicates is small].
So, how many replicates should we use? This is a matter of judgement (and the available resources) but if we look at a t-table we can make some rational decisions. If we use 2 flasks for each treatment (4 flasks in total), we would have 2 degrees of freedom. This term is explained elsewhere, but for now we can note that the number of degrees of freedom for each treatment is one less than the number of replicates. In other words, with 2 treatments of 2 flasks each we have 2 degrees of freedom. With 2 treatments of 10 flasks each we have 18 degrees of freedom.
When we analyse our results by Student's t-test, we calculate a t value and compare it with the t value for probability of 0.05 in the t-table. Our treatments differ significantly if the calculated t value is greater than the tabulated value.
Look at the tabulated t value (4.30) for 2 degrees of freedom. It is quite high, and we would only find a significant difference between our treatments if we have quite a large difference between the means and also little variation in our replicates. But if we used 4 replicates of each treatment (6 degrees of freedom) we would have a much better chance of finding a significant difference (t value of 2.45) between the same means. But look even further down the t-table - e.g. downwards from 10 degrees of freedom (t-value 2.23) - and we see that we would gain very little by using any more replicates. We would be in the realm of diminishing returns, gaining very little for all the extra time and resources.
The message from these examples is that knowledge of the statistical test that we will use helps us to design our experiment properly.
Example 2. Experiments that seem to give useful results but our procedures let us down!
Under this heading we deal with the actual process of doing an experiment - a task with many hidden pitfalls.
Suppose we decide to compare 4 treatments, with 4 replicates each - a total of 16 flasks of bacteria, 16 potted plants, 16 biochemical reactions to measure with a spectrophotometer, etc. We do the experiment, get nice results, analyse them (the appropriate test would be Analysis of Variance) and find significant differences between the treatments. We write up the results, get a Nobel Prize, or a good mark, or whatever. End of story.
Or is it? The answer to that question depends on how we did the experiment. For example, there might have been a good "practical" (i.e. convenient) reason for setting up all replicates of treatment 1, then (for example) changing the pipette and setting up all replicates of treatment 2, and so on. The problem is: how can we be sure that the difference we found between treatments was due to the treatments themsleves, and was not influenced by the order in which we set them up? Even if we DO feel sure, our experiment is inherently biased and nobody would trust the results if we said how we did it! [There is an almost infinite number of reasons why the conditions might change during the time taken to set up an experiment. For example, we might get progressively more efficient, or more tired. The temperature of the water bath (or whatever) might change slightly during this time. Each pipette will be slightly different from the next, etc. etc.]
So, what about doing one replicate of treatment 1, then one of treatment 2, then 3, then 4, and then doing a second replicate of treatment 1, a second of treatment 2, and so on? In truth, this would remove only some of the inherent bias - on average, treatment 1 is still being set up before treatment 2, etc.
The only way to overcome this is to plan in advance. We have basically two options.
And one last point - the same principles should be applied to other practical aspects of an experiment. For example, have you ever tested the temperature gradient in a laboratory incubator or (worse still) in a walk-in growth room? The temperature gauge might record "30oC" but there is likely to be a vertical (or lateral) temperature gradient of 2-3o or more. So never put all the replicates of one treatment together. Randomise them.
To block or not to block?
For most experiments we would simply randomise the treatments and replicates. There is an important statistical reason for this, because all the statistical procedures are based on the fundamental assumption that variation is random: in other words, that it is determined by chance alone. But "blocking" becomes useful, or even essential, if we know (or strongly suspect) that "extraneous" factors will introduce variation that is irrelevant to the effects we wish to test and that might mask the effects of our treatments. Here are two examples, and you could think of many more along the same lines.
Suppose that we are measuring the size of cells, the height of trees, the biomass of microbial cultures, the number of eggs in nests, or anything else. The thing that we are measuring or recording (e.g. cell size, plant height, etc.) is called a variable.
Each measurement that we record (e.g. the size of each cell) is a value or observation.
We obtain a number of values (e.g. 100 for cells), and this is our sample.
The sample (e.g. 100 cells) is part of a population. In this case the population (in biological terms) is all the cells in the culture (or all the trees in a forest, etc.). Theoretically, we could measure every cell or tree to get a precise measure of that population. But often we want to be able to say more than this - something of general significance, based on our sample. For example, that if anyone were to measure the cells of that organism, then they would find a certain average value and a certain range of variation. Here are 3 sorts of thing that you might want to say.
General statements such as these will always be based on a sample, because we could never test every possible strain of E. coli, nor measure every possible adult, nor test every possible rat that could ever live. So, in these and in many other cases the population can be considered to be infinite. That's the sense in which statisticians use the term "population" - for all the possible measurements or events (i.e. all the possible values of a variable) of a particular type that there could ever be.
In statistics, we use SAMPLES to ESTIMATE the PARAMETERS of a POPULATION.
The statistical procedures are based on quite complex mathematics. But that need not concern us at all, because the procedures are actually very simple to apply. Basically, from our sample we calculate:
Having obtained those values, we use them to estimate the population mean and the population variance. In order to distringuish between what we measure (samples) and what we wish to estimate (populations) from the samples, many statisticians use greek letters for the population mean (which is denoted m (mu) instead of for the sample mean) and the population variance (which is denoted s2 (sigma squared) instead of S2 for the sample variance).
We cover these points under Descriptive statistics. But before we move on to that, we must consider briefly how variation is distributed in statistical terms.
If we measured cells or people or plants or biochemical reactions (as absorbance values in a spectrophotometer) etc. we would find a range of variation. As we made more and more measurements of this type they would display a continuous range of variation. If we were to put these measurements into appropriate categories or class intervals (for example, all the measurements that fall between 1.0 and less than 2.0, all between 2.0 and less than 3.0, and so on) and then plot the numbers in each category as a histogram it would look like this:
Given enough measurements (and small enough class intervals), this would be a completely symmetrical, bell-shaped curve. Data of this sort are said to be normally distributed. Most of our measurements (data points) would be close to the mean, and progressively fewer would depart widely from the mean.
Most of the statistical tests that we consider on this site are for normally distributed data.
But there are other types of distribution. For example, if we measured the heights of men and women as a single population they might form a bimodal distribution - two humps with a dip between them, because women, on average, are shorter than men. Then we should treat them as two populations, not as a single one. Other types of data, such as counts, fall naturally into "either/or" categories. These are treated in different ways, some of which are explained later.
Before applying a statistical test, the experimenter must check what sort of distribution applies to the data. Often, logic, simple observation, and past experience are enough for this.
This site is no longer maintained and has been left for archival purposes
Text and links may be out of date | <urn:uuid:b1049f5e-0413-4a46-8f40-354ca549baba> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://archive.bio.ed.ac.uk/jdeacon/statistics/tress2.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720153.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00324-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957701 | 5,722 | 3.484375 | 3 |
National Survey of
Conducted May 8-9, 2013
By Rasmussen Reports
1* Is Mother’s Day one our nation’s most important holidays, least important holidays, or somewhere in between?
2* Is your mother still alive?
3* [Answered by those whose mother is still alive – 530 adults] Will you visit or call your mother on Mother’s Day?
4* [Answered by those whose mother is still alive – 530 adults] Will you send your mother flowers for Mother's Day?
5* Is being a mother the most important role for a woman to fill in today’s world?
NOTE: Margin of Sampling Error, +/- 3 percentage points with a 95% level of confidence | <urn:uuid:218ac86a-7037-4352-b1f9-4833386c102e> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content/lifestyle/questions/may_2013/questions_mother_s_day_may_8_9_2013 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719468.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00529-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.928068 | 159 | 1.515625 | 2 |
When Darren Sherkat published a paper in a major sociology journal in the 1990s, focused on Max Weber's The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, he said that the reaction from many senior scholars was "dismissive." He remembers one telling him "this is garbage" for citing Weber's views on the significance of religious values. "It can't be religion" driving human behavior, the scholar told the then un-tenured Sherkat. "It's got to be something else that caused the religion."
Sherkat, a professor of sociology at Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, no longer has to worry about arguing for the key role of religion as a social force. As a new study has found, there has been a significant increase over the last 25 or so years not only in the quantity of work done by sociologists on religion, but also in how religion is treated in those studies. No longer is it assumed to be only a reflection of some other socioeconomic trend, but increasingly it is treated as the factor that may be central to understanding a given group of people.
Religion is hardly a new topic for sociologists, of course, given the work of Weber, Durkheim and other giants of the discipline's early history. But the shifts that have taken place more recently end decades in which religion was not a key topic of exploration. To cite but one example, it was only in the relatively recent history of the field -- 1994 -- that the American Sociological Association created a section on the sociology of religion.
The revival comes at a time when other fields -- which once were seen as giving inadequate attention to religion -- are also focusing on it. In December, the American Historical Association released data showing that religion had become the most popular theme studied by historians, with interest particularly high among those entering the profession.
The new study on sociology arrives as a working paper of the Social Science Research Council, based on analysis of 587 sociology journal articles on religion, published between 1978 and 2007. The paper -- by David Smilde, a professor of sociology, and Matthew May, a graduate student, both at the University of Georgia -- finds much that would encourage scholars who want to see more research on religion. But the paper also raises questions about whether American sociologists may be too narrowly focused on some religious groups over others, and over the impact of outside funding, which is growing.
Among the key findings:
- The most important general sociological journals have been publishing a modestly growing number of articles about religion over the period studied.
- The articles show "a strong program" emerging on the role of religion in society. At the beginning of the period studied, religion was rarely the independent variable in the research, but by the end of the period, more than half of the articles had religion as the independent variable.
- For most of the period studied, there was an upward trend in positive findings about the role of religion and a downward trend in negative findings. The last five years have seen an increase in negative findings.
- American sociology's study of religion is dominated by religion in the United States and Christianity, with relatively little work on non-Christian religions or the Christian faith of non-Americans.
- Private funding has increased significantly for sociological research on religion, notably from several foundations.
- A positive correlation was found between receiving outside funding and positive findings about religion, although to the surprise of the authors, the strongest correlation was not from private sources of funds but from public sources. (The authors do not have a definitive theory on the source of this correlation and suggest it as a topic for further research.)
The changes outlined in the report "are pretty significant" and show "a realization on the part of sociologists and other academics, too, of the enduring significance of religion in the modern world," said Neil Gross, an associate professor of sociology at the University of British Columbia. Gross studies the sociology of academic life, and while he noted "the stereotype that most professors don't pay attention to religion," he added that it has "never really been true."
Still, he said that a dominant belief in sociology for much of the mid-20th century was that as societies became more and more advanced, the role of religion would decline. Gross said that he sees much of the renewed interest in religious issues coming from the failure of that theory. "Lots of sociologists have started to explain why societies that were very advanced weren't as secular as previous scholars thought they would become," he said.
More broadly, Gross said, the growing interest in religion reflects a shift away from a view that, with knowledge of a person's socioeconomic status, "you understood what you need to know to explain lots of behavior." Now, sociologists are much more likely to look at culture (religion and more) to explain behaviors and to see that socioeconomic status isn't everything.
Sociologists of religion have very different takes on the meanings behind the findings in the new study -- particularly on the role of outside funding.
David Yamane, a sociologist at Wake Forest University who is editor of the journal Sociology of Religion, questions the idea that more sociologists are studying religion. He said that he receives very few submissions from sociologists who don't specialize in religion, which suggests to him that the new findings don't reflect more sociologists doing religion, but that those who do study religion "have gotten better and have more resources at their disposal to get their work out into the marketplace of ideas."
He noted a "huge influx of money" -- from groups like the Pew Charitable Trusts, the Lilly Endowment and the John Templeton Foundation -- that have led these sociologists to "have greater resources to pursue their studies than in the past." He also said that data sets created in part with support from such sources have yielded much high-impact research that sociologists could publish in top journals. Yamane views these trends positively.
Sherkat, of Southern Illinois, views this funding with much more concern. He said that one reason sociology as a field long dismissed religion was because of an assumption that it was studied by those who wanted to advance a faith, not scholarship. "When the motivation for study is no longer what religion does or how religion works, but a view of religion being normatively appropriate or superior, then secular sociological interest will decline," he said.
Because he views many of the current funders of the sociology religion as sympathetic to religion, he is worried that they will "kill off" the interest that has been created. Further, he said that the funding sources explain what he considers a weakness of the religion of sociology (as does the new paper): its focus.
"We're doing too much navel-gazing," he said. "We're talking about the superiority of white, conservative, Protestant Christianity."
When he talks about his current research, which he said argues that conservative Christianity isolates believers from the rest of the public and is correlated with low scientific literacy, funders and publishers aren't excited.
Others, however, see a more positive role coming from outside funding (and one typical they say of outside funding in many disciplines). Fred Kniss, provost of Eastern Mennonite University and chair of the American Sociological Association's religion section, said he sees that the field is no longer "seen as a backwater." Some of the vitality in the field comes from foundations supporting research, he said, and these foundations "have an interest in promoting the health of religious institutions, but I would not characterize their funding as depending on a pro-religious view."
Kniss said that, as is the case with other foundations and agencies, those putting up money "have influence on what kinds of questions get asked" by framing their grant programs in certain ways.
The Pew Charitable Trusts supported some of the research for his 2007 book, Sacred Assemblies and Civic Engagement: How Religion Matters for America's Newest Immigrants (Rutgers University Press), Kniss said. "There was never any sort of hands-on involvement in the research or an assumption that I was going to say that religion is good," Kniss said. Pew was "very hands-off in how the research was carried out."
Christopher Stawski, program officer in human sciences at the Templeton Foundation, explained that group's goals this way: "The foundation supports a variety of research projects in the social sciences in order to better understand concepts that Sir John Templeton understood to be spiritual, such as forgiveness, generosity, love, purpose, and wisdom. In sponsoring this research, we are committed to rigorous standards of peer review and to asking questions that transcend any particular religious tradition." | <urn:uuid:4415de12-7b78-4903-a97e-5d20a0e945a4> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.insidehighered.com/print/news/2010/02/09/soc?width=775&height=500&iframe=true | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284405.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00044-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.973382 | 1,791 | 2.125 | 2 |
on February 01, 2016
Gather players in the shallow end of the pool. Define the boundaries of play so that everyone can stand up in the water. Adults should play on their knees! One person is designated as the "IT." At the sound of the whistle, "IT" has one minute to tag as many other players as he can. Once a person is tagged, that player must stand still (freeze) and raise his hand. Before a frozen player can return to action, an unfrozen player must thaw him out by submerging and swimming through his legs. A player cannot be tagged and frozen if he is underwater. At the end of the minute, blow the whistle and designate an unfrozen player as "IT." Keep this game going until everyone has had a chance to be "IT." The winner is whoever has the most frozen players at the end of his stint as "it." | <urn:uuid:26343c21-4952-47e9-a380-d860e865c410> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.thepartyworks.com/blog/freeze/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00403-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.991403 | 185 | 2.484375 | 2 |
equal civil and social rights for homosexuals
But what if gay voters decide that gay rights matters more to them than taxes?
Transgender people have been a part of the “gay rights movement” just as long as gay, lesbian, and bisexual individuals.
As Obama's staff is feverishly pointing out, Romney has been all over the place on gay rights.
She is a married lesbian and she held a rally in outside the Stonewall Inn, where the struggle for gay rights began.
While parts of the country are accelerating in terms of gay rights, the South has moved a bit slower.
In the late 1990s, it was social issues that obsessed the American right: abortion, gay rights, gun control, Monica Lewinsky.
The author of The Pink Swastika, Lively is more than a simple opponent of gay rights.
And he cited an example that proponents of gay rights often use to describe the evolution of greater acceptance of their ideas.
To me, they are normal terms used by adult women, lesbians, and gay rights activists.
Black rights, women's rights and gay rights came a long way. | <urn:uuid:7db31061-891c-4d5a-b808-f78ddfa9ef3c> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.dictionary.com/browse/gay-rights?qsrc=2446 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721555.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00178-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95708 | 234 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Ethos and Values
Aspiring to Excellence
- We are a dynamic, innovative and outward-looking school.
- We value every individual and seek the best possible outcomes for each one.
- Our staff is highly qualified, exceptionally committed and continually learning.
- We nurture mutually-beneficial partnerships which enhance our pupils’ opportunities and well-being.
- We are sustained by collaboration, mutual support and trusting relationships.
- We are an open, friendly school, where all people feel they belong.
- We are proud to serve our community of Cambourne and want Cambourne to be proud of us.
Teaching and Learning
- We have the highest aspirations for all pupils and the utmost belief in each individual.
- We deliver a rich and diverse curriculum, rooted in the needs of our pupils.
- We strive to remove all barriers to learning and refuse to allow disability or social disadvantage to limit our expectations or the achievements of our pupils.
- We inspire our pupils through excellent teaching.
- We value the expertise of our subject specialists, entrusting them to hone pupils’ skills and to ensure access to powerful knowledge.
- We access technology for optimum impact.
- Our teaching is underpinned by meaningful data and rigorous, accurate assessment.
- We work together, across departments, and the Trust, sharing good practice to enhance performance and relationships.
- We create opportunities for research and professional learning for all members of staff, through our Teaching School and wider partnerships.
- Our pupils enjoy school. They engage actively in their learning, inspired by excellent teaching and a sense of shared purpose.
- Our pupils are confident learners; they build self-esteem and are willing to challenge themselves, take risks and learn from mistakes.
- Our pupils attain standards of attainment which reflect their full academic potential.
- We foster imagination, adaptability, resilience and ambition.
- We create opportunities for every pupil to build independence, teamwork and leadership.
- Pupils treat each other and staff with respect and consideration.
- Positive behaviour is an inherent expectation.
- Our leadership teams guide the school with vision and discernment.
- All leaders are role models: they act with integrity, are highly visible, and are approachable by all.
- Teaching and learning is at the heart of all decision-making.
- We believe in devolved leadership; middle leaders are highly trusted and empowered to have impact.
- All staff have opportunities to contribute their expertise to strategic school decisions.
- Communication across the school is direct and timely.
- Our leaders know the staff, communicate how much they are valued, and seek to sustain their well-being.
- We seek to engage with all parents in relationships based on mutual trust and respect.
- We believe in frequent and open communication, aiming to work with parents to maximise each child’s school experience
- We have policies that are clear and easily understood, encouraging parental engagement and support.
- We maximise the use of technology to ensure full and swift communication.
Community and Partnership
- We are a Village College and embody this ethos.
- We work in full co-operation with our Trust partners to enhance all our pupils’ education.
- We build local partnerships across all phases of schooling to ensure cohesive educational experiences.
- We engage with our local business community to sustain growth and opportunities for our mutual benefit.
- We work with our Locality Team, social and health workers, and all other relevant agencies to integrate support and sustain our pupils’ well-being.
- We seek international partnerships to widen our pupils’ understanding of their place in our world. | <urn:uuid:58674202-740f-475b-bd9e-5b1891875a0c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cambournevc.org/about-us/ethos-and-values | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00278.warc.gz | en | 0.932416 | 766 | 1.640625 | 2 |
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
CONTACT: (202) 675-2312; firstname.lastname@example.org
WASHINGTON – The House Judiciary Subcommittee on the Constitution, Civil Rights and Civil Liberties will hear testimony today from civil rights groups, legal scholars and law enforcement officials at a hearing on racial profiling that will examine law enforcement's use of race, ethnicity, national origin and religion to determine guilt. The hearing, titled "Racial Profiling and the Use of Suspect Classifications in Law Enforcement Policy," will also set the stage for the upcoming reintroduction of the End Racial Profiling Act (ERPA) by both the House and the Senate.
"Racial profiling is not only an unfair and un-American policing tactic, it also erodes community trust and is an ineffective waste of law enforcement resources," said Laura W. Murphy, Director of the American Civil Liberties Union Washington Legislative Office."Using race, ethnicity, national origin or religion to single out people for police scrutiny does nothing to make us safer, but does a great deal to deepen racial divides in America. Racial profiling is wrong, unconstitutional and sends the unacceptable message that some citizens do not deserve equal protection under the law."
One of the hearing's witnesses, Salt Lake City Chief of Police Chris Burbank, is expected to testify on the law recently passed in the neighboring state of Arizona requiring police to demand "papers" from people they stop who they suspect are not authorized to be in the U.S. Law enforcement groups, including Arizona's state police chief's association, oppose the discriminatory law because it undermines public safety by diverting scarce security resources toward false threats and eroding trust between law enforcement and Latinos.
Last month, the ACLU and other leading civil rights groups filed a lawsuit challenging the Arizona law in a federal court in Phoenix. The extreme law, the groups charge, invites racial profiling because law enforcement will inevitably rely on their own bias to determine who they suspect is in the U.S. unlawfully and force anyone who looks or sounds "foreign" to confirm their identity and citizenship.
ERPA was introduced in the House and Senate in 2001, 2004 and 2005, failing each year to receive a vote. If enacted, ERPA would prohibit any local, state or federal law enforcement agency or officer from engaging in racial profiling. It would make engaging in efforts to eliminate racial profiling a condition for law enforcement agencies to receive federal money. ERPA would institute a meaningful enforcement mechanism to ensure that anti-profiling policies are being followed.
"Despite condemnation of racial profiling by leaders from across the political spectrum, including the president and attorney general, attempts to pass a comprehensive federal ban have not moved forward," said Jennifer Bellamy, ACLU Legislative Counsel. "Racial profiling has undermined the respect and trust between law enforcement and communities of color, which is essential to successful police work. Race, ethnicity and religion are not and should not be grounds for criminal suspicion. Congress should move quickly to reintroduce and pass the End Racial Profiling Act."
Following an ACLU and Rights Working Group report submitted last year to the U.N. Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD), the committee sent a letter urging Congress and the Obama administration to "make all efforts to pass the End Racial Profiling Act (ERPA)" and to review the 2003 Guidance Regarding the Use of Race by Federal Law Enforcement Agencies, "with a view to avoiding any ambiguous language that may provide a loophole allowing for actions to constitute racial profiling."
The report can be found here: www.aclu.org/human-rights_racial-justice/persistence-racial-and-ethnic-profiling-united-states
The CERDletter to the U.S. Government is available here: www.aclu.org/human-rights_racial-justice/un-committee-elimination-racial-discrimination-response-us-government-pr
More information about the ACLU's lawsuit challenging the Arizona law can be found at: www.aclu.org/immigrants-rights-racial-justice/aclu-and-civil-rights-groups-file-legal-challenge-arizona-racial-pr | <urn:uuid:81d91bd4-c62f-45eb-98ce-89a4ea2c5931> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.aclu.org/news/house-hear-testimony-racial-profiling-today?quicktabs_content_video_podcasts=0&redirect=immigrants-rights-national-security-racial-justice/house-hear-testimony-racial-profiling-today | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720845.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00087-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.921058 | 856 | 1.679688 | 2 |
Englewood, in Chicago’s South Side, is only a few miles south of downtown, but in many ways, an entire world away. The city’s glittering skyscrapers are not to be found here. Large parcels of vacant land interspersed with residential, commercial and industrial buildings are indicative of the effects of decades of disinvestment and population loss.
Since hitting its peak population in 1960, the Englewood and West Englewood neighborhoods have lost approximately two-thirds of their population. More than 40 percent of the population has incomes below the poverty line, and one out of every five individuals is unemployed.
“The recession of 2007-08 decimated many of the homeowners who were left here,” says Anton Seals, lead steward of Grow Greater Englewood, an organization that works with residents in Englewood to create and maintain green business enterprises and sustainable food economies.
Besides Grow Greater Englewood’s food-focused mission, the organization is developing the Englewood Line Trail — converting a two-mile stretch of an abandoned elevated railway line into a linear park. There would be walking and biking opportunities, urban farming plots, and places for kids to play.
“We’re … trying to … create spaces, a black space in particular where parents can bring their children to one, return and get closer to nature and learn about food. But [the trail would also include] places where they can have fun, where technology and energy are integrated into these spaces.” says Seals.
Originally part of the Norfolk Southern Railway line, the abandoned parcel has become grassy and overgrown with trees, with small segments of track remaining visible. Plans to develop the abandoned railway line as part of a neighborhood agricultural district were described as early as 2005 in a report facilitated by LISC Chicago.
More detailed plans kept coming out. But the trail is still almost completely undeveloped.
Norfolk Southern had reached an agreement with the City of Chicago in 2013 to cede the abandoned railway line to the city. In exchange, the city approved a zoning change to provide a vital go-ahead for a rail yard expansion project located further north in Englewood. (However, holdouts within the area slated for the 84-acre rail yard compelled Norfolk Southern to resort to eminent domain to obtain the remaining parcels.) In any event, the city did not actually obtain ownership of the abandoned railway until December 2018, according to Seals.
Despite the controversy involved, securing ownership of the parcel removed a major impediment for developing the Englewood Line Trail. Once developed, the Englewood Line Trail could provide a green refuge for Englewood residents along with providing a catalyst for economic development within Englewood and a source for green jobs. The largely flat trail could also be developed for biking, according to Seals, although he emphasizes that any plans for the proposed Englewood Line Trail must incorporate the community’s African American composition and community.
“[Plans for the trail] would all reflect kind of an African American motif as our vision. Our cultural imprint in this community has to be really strong. It doesn’t need to be talked about, you just feel. I think it’s more important for black people to have that kind of design and care in really meticulous ways in the decisions and choices that we’re making. We are not going to wait for some outside entity to come in and kind of think about this. We should be doing this kind of work,” Seals says.
Assuming soil remediation is feasible, Seals envisions incorporating the embankments that rise up from street level to the elevated line as land for expanded urban farming. (Growing Home is located adjacent to a section of the elevated parcel.)
“The specific plan is to make them edible spaces where people can go and pick fruit and create different pathways down (to the urban farms). What makes this different from the 606 is with the 606 there’s a wall [separating the trail from street level]. Here the embankments pretty much go down to what were people’s homes,” Seals says.
Given the hostility demonstrated by the Trump Administration toward Chicago – and the indifference of Republicans in general toward “green” projects, obtaining federal government funding for the Englewood Line Trail seems to be unlikely. In addition, a perception exists among some potential donors that directing funds toward lower-income black communities is throwing good money after bad, according to Seals.
“I’ve heard this argument of why are we doing this for these people? That’s what’s usually thrown in the face of African Americans. Like we want something for nothing. There’s this notion that everyone else is working hard and you’re not. So that’s what we’re working against,” says Seals.
Depending on whom you ask, the 606, in the Wicker Park, Bucktown, Humboldt Park and Logan Park neighborhoods on the city’s Northwest Side, has either been largely credited for enhancing development, or criticized for accelerating gentrification. While gentrification is less of a concern in Englewood, Seals says that one way to forestall neighbors being priced out is to ensure management of the Englewood trail is done by Englewood residents.
“[There would be] this stewardship alliance made up of the community, not only to care for it but also to have the contractual obligations to take care of it,” Seals says. “That way you would be able to have jobs … the tree trimming and design and landscape [for people within the community].”
This story is part of The Power of Parks, a series exploring how parks and recreation facilities and services can help cities achieve their goals in wellness, conservation and social equity. The Power of Parks is supported by a grant from the National Recreation and Park Association.
Audrey F. Henderson is a Chicagoland-based freelance writer and researcher specializing in sustainable development in the built environment, culture and arts related to social policy, socially responsible travel, and personal finance. Her work has been featured in Transitions Abroad webzine and Chicago Architect magazine, along with numerous consumer, professional and trade publications worldwide. | <urn:uuid:a51ca57a-692a-4898-bd27-afe8e854749e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nextcity.org/urbanist-news/how-chicagos-south-side-is-creating-the-un-high-line | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.961441 | 1,316 | 2.796875 | 3 |
In 2007 the legislature acquainted a few new guidelines with the E-2 visa. Remembered for these were a criminal record check, wellbeing check, and department/international safe haven meet for first-time candidates. In 2008 a few English-talking nations that were precluded from applying for the E-2 visa reviled it as oppressive. The Philippines representative met with Korean Immigration authorities to attempt to convince them to change the strategy and permit educators from The Philippines to show English in South Korea. Nonetheless, the administration had just shown before in the year that they intended to take a gander at growing E-2 visas to extra nations yet it required the endorsement of different government organizations, so there was no time period for when it would happen as intended. Around the same time, remote educators previously working in Korea additionally called the principles encompassing the visa oppressive on the grounds that they were dependent upon wellbeing criminal and different checks, in contrast to different outsiders on various visas, for example, ethnic Koreans brought into the world abroad or outsiders who had hitched Koreans. Korean Immigration reacted that it was their strategy to support ethnic Koreans and that different countries and domains followed comparable policies. Increasing wrongdoing was referred to as a purpose behind the guidelines, yet a few educators felt it was an automatic response to a speculated pedophile who had instructed in South Korea, however, never had a criminal record in any case. Migration again guaranteed the option to choose how and to whom it gave visas. Later in 2009, a test was documented with the National Human Rights Commission in Korea over the checks by law teacher Benjamin Wagner.
The most effective method to Create an AOL Email Account
The stage has exceptionally straightforward strides of making or enrolling for an email account. Follow the means beneath to make an effective America Online email account. | <urn:uuid:613c7a21-ee1b-4197-b0aa-7d83c65f3605> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://co-construire.be/?FichesPratiques/listpages&tags=E-2+%EB%B9%84%EC%9E%90 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00467.warc.gz | en | 0.97257 | 369 | 2.359375 | 2 |
Who hasn’t dreamed of sacrificing everything to settle on the other side of the planet? A new big departure away from everyday life. Ready to take the plunge? It turns out that you don’t necessarily have to travel around the world for a total change of scenery. All you have to do is go to Scotland, to be more precise Martin Island.
Located in the far north of the country, Martin Island does not have a full-time resident, but an “unpaid” caretaker position for a period of four months is virtually vacant. BBC Specifies that the latter would have to keep the island in mind for the arrival of visitors this summer.
Only five minutes by boat from the mainland, Martin Island actually welcomes a few tourists each summer, attracted by its two beaches, a cottage-housed “micro museum” and its hillsides that delight bird watchers. will do.
“It’s very close to the mainland but as soon as you land on the island it’s lovely and peaceful. There are no cars, no roads. Just quiet. That’s what people love. A sense of comfort”, director Becky Thompson Defend the community association of the island.
A little housework and cleaning
The successful candidate for the warden position will be the first full-time resident to live on the island for 30 years.
“It’s a bit of housekeeping. He has to make sure the three houses on the island are ready to welcome visitors, clean public toilets, welcome visitors and make sure they follow Covid safety measures.” Huh.” Specifies Becky Thomson for an unusual job description.
The work represents about three hours a day. In return, the caretaker will be able to stay on a small piece of Paradise Island in the accommodation provided, earn £150 (around €175) in fees per week and enjoy everything the island has to offer.
island community association Specifies that it is a position for someone who enjoys the outdoors and who is satisfied with basic comfort. Martin has no running hot water and no electricity. The caretaker will have to be satisfied with a small solar electric charger to power some of the lamps.
Therefore the candidate should be resourceful, flexible and able to drive a motor boat as it is the only way to set foot on the island.
too many applications
disturbing? We have to believe it or not: the association is broken under demands, to the extent that, if applications are generally accepted by 10 pm on 1 June, that is, by 11 pm in France, it has already been Enough “high quality” profiles have been received and therefore decided to close the registration.
You can always go there for a short time, why not for Scotland’s first seaweed festival, which is held there every year from 6 to 12 September.
Freelance twitter maven. Infuriatingly humble coffee aficionado. Amateur gamer. Typical beer fan. Avid music scholar. Alcohol nerd. | <urn:uuid:6c87e5de-9636-4d66-8395-ea3d71d37fc3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://positivelyscottish.scot/top-news/extraordinary-a-dream-job-on-an-island-in-scotland-without-hot-water-or-electricity/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572215.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815235954-20220816025954-00678.warc.gz | en | 0.943509 | 638 | 1.671875 | 2 |
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/01/20/AR2010012004742.htmlJanuary 21, 2010
Judi Chamberlin Disability Rights Advocate
Judi Chamberlin, 65, a disability rights advocate and author of the groundbreaking book "On Our Own: Patient-Controlled Alternatives to the Mental Health System," (1978) died Jan. 16 at her home in Arlington, Mass., of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
In her early 20s, Ms. Chamberlin was hospitalized in a state institution and was declared schizophrenic. She soon discovered that as a psychiatric patient, she had no legal rights. This realization was the catalyst for her career as an activist, which began in the early 1970s when she co-founded the Mental Patients Liberation Front.
Throughout her life, Ms. Chamberlin worked to create client-run, non-coercive alternatives to traditional mental health systems and to end rights violations and discrimination against people with psychiatric disabilities.
She co-founded the Ruby Rogers Advocacy and Drop-In Center, a self-help facility run by and for people who have received psychiatric services, and the National Empowerment Center, a technical assistance center dedicated to promoting recovery and community integration.
In 1992, Ms. Chamberlin received the President's Distinguished Service Award from the President's Committee on Employment of People with Disabilities.
She was the author of the seminal National Council on Disability report "From Privileges to Rights: People Labeled With Psychiatric Disabilities Speak for Themselves" (2000).
Toward the end of her life, she became an advocate for the hospice model of care and the right to die at home, which she chronicled in the blog "Life as a Hospice Patient."
Death of Judi Chamberlin, Pioneer in Social Justice Movement, Casts Spotlight on Struggle for Rights of People With Psychiatric Disabilities
WASHINGTON, Jan. 21 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ --
The National Coalition of Mental Health Consumer/Survivor Organizations (NCMHCSO) mourns the death of Judi Chamberlin, an internationally renowned activist in the mental health consumer/survivor movement and author of the groundbreaking book "On Our Own: Patient-Controlled Alternatives to the Mental Health System" (1978). Chamberlin, 65, died at home on January 16 after a long illness.
Since the early 1970s, Chamberlin worked tirelessly to create peer-run, non-coercive alternatives to traditional mental health systems, and to end rights violations and discrimination against people with psychiatric disabilities. She founded a number of early consumer-run organizations and had a profound impact on furthering the recovery and wellness of people facing psychiatric challenges around the world. In 1992, Chamberlin received the Distinguished Service Award of the President of the United States. She authored the seminal National Council on Disability report "From Privileges to Rights: People Labeled with Psychiatric Disabilities Speak for Themselves" (2000). She chronicled the last months of her life in a blog, "Life as a Hospice Patient" http://judi-lifeasahospicepatient.blogspot.com.
In the wake of Chamberlin's death, many spoke of her legacy.
Said former first lady Rosalynn Carter, "I was deeply saddened to hear about the passing of Judi Chamberlin. Since 1978 I have admired her groundbreaking legal and human rights advocacy work and the key role she played on the Carter Commission on Mental Health. She worked fearlessly to ensure that the voice of consumers was heard from the clinical level to the public policy arena. Both as a leading advocate and an inspiring individual, she will be sorely missed."
"Judi was the wind beneath the wings of our movement here and around the world," said Daniel Fisher, M.D., Ph.D., a founder of the NCMHCSO. "Her dream and courage will live on in our hearts."
"In the nearly 30 years I have known Judi, I have been deeply inspired by her passionate efforts on behalf of individuals with psychiatric histories," said Joseph Rogers, executive director of the federally funded National Mental Health Consumers' Self-Help Clearinghouse, which serves the consumer movement.
"Judi Chamberlin's life and work gave people in the mental health field an example of how people [with psychiatric disabilities] can have full and rich lives in their communities," said Richard Frank, Ph.D., deputy assistant secretary, Office of Disability, Aging, and Long-Term Care Policy, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
The National Coalition of Mental Health Consumer/Survivor Organizations http://www.ncmhcso.org works to ensure that consumer/survivors have a major voice in the development and implementation of health care, mental health, and social policies at the state and national levels, empowering people to recover and lead a full life in the community.
CONTACT: Lauren Spiro, NCMHCSO, 877-246-9058, firstname.lastname@example.org
SOURCE National Coalition of Mental Health Consumer/Survivor Organizations | <urn:uuid:e6d0f6ec-02e8-4308-9df9-465b7040228a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.narpa.org/Judi/Judi.Chamberlin-Pioneer.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00245-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.950811 | 1,078 | 1.953125 | 2 |
The nation remembers Indira Gandhi, the only lady  Prime Minister and known as an iron lady, on her 25th death anniversary. People have been flocking to her memorial to pay homage since the early hours of Saturday. Top dignitaries, including Sonia Gandhi and Rahul Gandhi along with the rest of the Gandhi family, visited her memorial at Shakti Sthal.
An exhibition on the life and times of Indira Gandhi, national integration rallies across the country, blood donation camps and the screening of a short film — Congress has planned a series of events to mark the 25th death anniversary of the former prime minister
Gandhi was assassinated by her bodyguards on October 31, 1984.
An all-religion prayer was also organised on the occasion.
The assassination on October 31, 1984 triggered massive anti-Sikh riots in which 3,000 people were killed in three days in the national capital.
Her death – in apparent reprisal for the Indian Army’s assault on the Golden Temple in Amritsar in June 1984 to confront heavily armed Sikh extremists – left a political vacuum in the capital. Elder son Rajiv Gandhi, her presumptive successor, was away in Kolkata. So was Pranab Mukherjee, No. 2 man in the cabinet even then. President Zail Singh was away on a visit to Yemen. They all tried to rush back to the capital to deal with a situation for which no one was prepared. | <urn:uuid:b8cd8f70-c262-493e-b7c0-fca602bbae6e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://asiabizz.com/388/indira-gandhi-remembered-on-her-death-anniversary/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281450.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00181-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.977356 | 298 | 2.09375 | 2 |
The latest news from academia, regulators
research labs and other things of interest
Posted: Mar 30, 2011
Biological nanowires expedite future fuel production
(Nanowerk News) Scientists in the UK and US, including researchers at Arizona State University, have been awarded funding to improve the photosynthetic process as a means of producing renewable fuel.
This award will permit four transatlantic teams, one directed by ASU's Assistant Professor Anne Jones in the department of chemistry and biochemistry, to investigate methods to overcome the limited efficiency of photosynthesis. This will lead to ways of significantly increasing the yield of important crops for food production or sustainable bioenergy. Ensuring a stable energy supply is the central challenge of the 21st century.
The funding has been awarded by the US National Science Foundation (NSF) and the UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) in an unusual program designed to co-opt some of the best minds from the USA and UK to explore this important problem. Although photosynthesis is nature's means for capturing the sun's energy in plants, algae and other organisms, it has intrinsic limitations for major energy production.
"The project represents a radical approach to augment and surpass photosynthetic strategies observed in nature by engineering modular division of labor through electrical connectivity," says Jones who is also from the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences and the Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis at ASU.
"A simple analogy is a power plant unconnected to the distribution grid. Unconnected, excess energy goes to waste, and this is what currently happens in photosynthetic organisms when they are overwhelmed with light. However, engineering of transmission lines allows energy to be utilized and stored elsewhere. In this project, we will set up conductive transmission lines between the photosynthetic apparatus in one species and the fuel-producing metabolism of a second species to funnel excess energy directly into fuel production."
The strategy is to create a trans-cellular, plug-and-play platform that allows the team to shunt electrons from photosynthetic source cells to independently engineered fuel production modules along biological nanowires.
"Photosynthesis is essential for life on Earth," says Joann Roskoski, NSF's Acting Assistant Director for Biological Sciences. "By providing food and generating oxygen, it has made our planet hospitable for life. This process is also critical in addressing the food and fuel challenges of the future. For decades, NSF has invested in photosynthesis research projects that range from biophysical studies to ecosystem analyses at a macroscale. The Ideas Lab in photosynthesis was an opportunity to stimulate and support different types of projects than what we have in our portfolio in order to address a critical bottleneck to enhancing the photosynthetic process."
"This is hugely ambitious research, but if the scientists we are supporting can achieve their aims it will be a profound achievement," explains Professor Janet Allen, Director of Research at BBSRC.
Other members of Jones's team in the US are John Golbeck from Penn State University, David Kramer from Michigan State University and Ichiro Matsumura from Emory University School of Medicine. Lee Cronin, from the University of Glasgow, Scotland, will direct the British part of the team including also Travis Bayer at Imperial College London and Thomas Bibby from the University of Southampton.
This project integrates diverse disciplines to address a critical limitation in the efficiency of photosynthesis, and along the way will advance both fundamental and applied knowledge in the areas of synthetic biology, inorganic and biosynthetic chemistry, protein engineering, electron transfer, energy storage, photosynthetic physiology and integration of novel traits into organisms. | <urn:uuid:b3496fab-ff85-4e59-a023-f28035b2b5e6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.nanowerk.com/news/newsid=20783.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281746.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00290-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.932915 | 743 | 2.703125 | 3 |
I can’t find the exact post, but Byron from BikeHugger has mentioned a few times that he believes Smartphones will almost completely replace cyclo-computers in the near future. I think that is probably a pretty safe bet, and there is no doubt that iPhone and Android compatible add-ons to track power, cadence, and other cycling specific data that can’t be captured with GPS will continue to be developed and introduced at an increasingly rapid pace. Garmin announced this week that they are launching an iPhone/Android app and there are already numerous mounting systems on the market that allow you to interface a smartphone with your bike.
Perhaps in the future though, you won’t need your smartphone to be mounted to your handlebars. Instead, it may stay tucked away in a pocket or seat bag while the relevant data is fed to a heads-up device like the one pictured here. The Sportiiiis ANT + compatible ‘heads-up display’ for athletes could be a sign of what is come. Currently, the sunglass mounted display system from 4iiii Innovations uses seven multi-colored LED lights and audible cues to provide the wearer with information about heart rate, power, speed, cadence, etc. You can watch the video on the 4iiii website for a better explanation of how it works.
The system from 4iiii Innovations is pretty interesting, but I believe it is only the beginning. As Barry McCauley said in a thread about this on my Google + page, “the full HD/AR (Augmented Reality) Lawnmower Man optics” are still to come. As he goes on to point out, AR goggles are already a reality for skiers so it is only a matter of time before we see the same technology marketed toward cyclists. So I am curious what you think…is this a technology that you would like to try, or a potential distraction from real road hazards? Heads-up displays for cycling are coming whether you like it or not, so now is the time to discuss the safety issue. Personally, I have mixed feelings about a product like this, but I would love to hear your thoughts and ideas in the comments. | <urn:uuid:1ed06c6b-e44a-48d5-9ad7-aa02b150c1f9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://bicycledesign.net/2011/10/is-the-sportiiiis-heads-up-display-the-future-of-cycling-electronics/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280364.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00037-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.953851 | 453 | 1.6875 | 2 |
Your credit score is one of the most important numbers in your life. A high credit score means you’ll qualify for lower interest rates on loans, and you’ll be able to get the best deals on things like cars and mortgages. A low credit score can mean you’ll have to pay more for financial products, and you may even have trouble getting a loan at all.
Improving your credit score takes time and patience, but it’s worth it. These seven simple steps will help get you started.
1. Get A Copy Of Your Credit File
First things first, you should find out where you stand. Getting a copy of your credit file can help show you if there’s an area you need to address.
You can pull a copy of your credit file from these two major national credit bureaus:
Then review each report to see what’s helping or hurting your score. You are entitled by law to request one free credit report every 12 months, or within 90 days of receiving a credit rejection. You can also request a report at any time for a small fee.
2. Check Your Credit Report For Any Inaccuracies
There can be inaccuracies or errors in records on credit reports. It might be incorrect debt amounts, debts you didn’t take out (as a result of identity theft), or a mistake by the lender such as not recording payments. It’s worth checking to make sure all the information listed is accurate—incorrect information could severely impact your overall credit score.
If there’s a mistake on your report, you’ll need to contact these bodies to fix it:
- your credit provider
- the credit reporting agency
- the office of the Privacy Commissioner – if need be.
3. Pay Existing Loans And Debts On Time
Paying off your loans and debts on time is one of the key ways to improve your credit score. The best way to do this is to make consistent, punctual payments so you don’t fall behind.
On the flip side, if you miss your repayments this can also be recorded and can have a negative impact.
4. Show You Can Pay General Bills Reliably
Paying bills on time not only includes credit cards and personal loans but also any other bills you have such as a mobile phone and utility bills.
An easy way to stay on top of your bills is to set up automatic payments. It’s also important to make sure you notify your phone and utility providers if you move home or change your email address so you don’t miss bills. It’s also important to keep your payment details up-to-date.
5. Consider Your Situation Carefully Before Applying For Any New Credit
Irrespective of approval or not, simply applying for a new credit or loan product will cause it to show up on your credit report, which in turn may affect your credit score.
Multiple applications for credit in short succession can be a flag to lenders that you are under credit stress and could impact your score negatively.
Do your research online and talk to a lending agent before applying straightaway to get an idea of what you want.
6. Hold Onto Credit Cards You Can Manage
Whilst it may seem contradictory, holding onto the credit cards you currently have and paying them off each month can be useful. It’s a good start to show you can manage regular financial repayments.
However, you should be aware of the associated fees and risks. If you acquire a large debt on a credit card and a high-interest rate, your score may be harmed if you fail to pay your bills on time. Keep in mind that having a credit card is not necessary to establish your credit history
7. Lower Your Credit Card Limit
Lowering your credit limits is a good way to manage credits cards in your name. This will put a limit on how much debt you can take on and it could also help improve your credit score.
Take Advantage Of Your Good Credit Score
A good credit score is important for so many reasons – it opens up opportunities for homeownership, car loans, business loans and more. Whilst there’s some work that may need to be done initially, there’s always an opportunity awaiting.
When the time is right, Buddii Finance is the perfect place to go. We have a diverse range of lenders that we work with, so we can find you the perfect loan no matter where you are.
We want to help you create a positive financial future for yourself and your business. With our experienced team, we can make that happen.
Get a quote or call us on 1300 283 344 today! | <urn:uuid:096d1a17-1be8-47a7-a884-99de57e9dac3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://buddii.com.au/how-to-improve-your-credit-score/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00478.warc.gz | en | 0.945468 | 973 | 1.835938 | 2 |
The federal government shutdown is threatening a project at Michigan State University that could be critical to the future of agriculture in the U.S.
It’s one of many university research projects affected by the shutdown.
MSU researchers are working with counterparts at other universities and private industry groups to look for new ways to pollinate crops.
Declining bee populations in the U.S. make this kind of research critical.
But the Congress’s failure to pass a Farm Bill this year, and now the government shutdown, have left the project short of funds.
“Are there other sources of funding we could find? Perhaps. But nothing is likely to match the scale of the federal government and (The United States Department of Agriculture) are able to provide to be able to do a project of this magnitude,” says Rufus Isaacs, the project’s director.
Isaacs says it will be very difficult to restart the research once the shutdown ends. That's because many researchers are already looking for new jobs and because MSU's research partners are looking at shifting resources to other projects with more stable funding. | <urn:uuid:f7d6c4a1-7a89-4ac3-848d-06e17ca4593d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://michiganradio.org/post/federal-government-shutdown-threatens-pollination-study-michigan-state-university | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285289.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00147-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952617 | 232 | 2.46875 | 2 |
If you have read the excellent article from Paul McLellan, you know about FDSOI as a technology, so I will not come back to FDSOI device, and the comparison with FinFET in term of device topology, doping level and so on. If you missed it, I would recommend you to read this article, as well as the many comments (all of them being relevant). It’s good to know that Semiwiki readers are so smart! Let’s have a look at the FDSOI features making the technology a smart choice, smarter than bulk at the same technology node:
- At first, FDSOI is cheaper than Bulk, as you need less mask levels to process FDSOI devices. Some people still think it’s more expansive, as they have in mind the extra cost of 10% of the SOI wafer. But, when this wafer has been completely processed, the final cost is lower.
- FDSOI is faster than Bulk. If you take some time to decrypt the above picture, you will see that, for the same power budget, an ARM processor will reach slightly above 1.2 GHz on 28LP, 1.4 GHz on 28G and almost 1.6 GHz on 28FDSOI technology.
- FDSOI is cooler than Bulk. If you want your processor to consume as low power as possible, but still exhibit good performance, reaching for example 1.5 GHz, you will compare 28FDSOI @ 0.9V with 28G @ 0.85V (28LP is already “out”) and see that there is almost one order of magnitude in term of leakage power.
So, FDSOI is clearly an attractive technology, especially for wireless or multimedia AP, as it allows minimizing drastically the power budget (by almost an order of magnitude for the leakage power), or increasing the processor core frequency. In fact, using FDSOI is equivalent to design on one technology node back (28nm instead of 20nm), and benefit from lower mask cost and process complexity.
As I told you before, Semiwiki readers are pretty smart, and I have extracted two comments:
“Silicon-proven IP is prerequisite to the success of any technology. So, ST needs close collaboration with fabless companies, or maybe even opening up some of their designs or at least their experiment in designing with FDSOI to other parties.”
“One of the main pre-requisite for success of FD-SOI or FinFET will be availability of IPs. Most of the cases the selection of foundry, even process nodes depend on the availability of silicon proven IP.”
Because STMicroelectronics is a chip maker, they know how important it is to have the right IP port-folio available for SoC design on FDSOI technology. They have managed IP migration, to support their own SoC design, and propose the following approach, extracted from the White Paper “Planar fully depleted silicon technology to design competitive SOC at 28nm and beyond’:
At SOC level, migrating an existing design from bulk to planar FD represents an effort comparable to half-node migration, for example from 45nm to 40nm. In other words, it brings very worthwhile benefits at reasonable efforts. A typical approach could be:
- CPU and GPU: the main objective is maximum peak performance and the design is re-worked, making the most of FBB;
- Other SOC blocks: the main objective is power savings, by reaching the target operating frequencies at lower Vdd; there is no change to block design, Timing Analysis is re-run and ECO (Engineering Change Order) is performed to fix violations if needed.
- Other IP such as IOs and PHY blocks are swapped for their planar FD counterpart.
As far as I am concerned, I think that the availability of the right IP on FD-SOI will be very important for the adoption of this technology. STM seems to be on line with this position, as Giorgio Cesana, Director of Marketing and Communication, STM, will present at IPSOC Grenoble, on November 6[SUP]th[/SUP]a paper titled: “FD-SOI Technology for Efficient SoC: IP Development examples”. I definitely plan to attend, and I will give you a feedback about it!
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United States-Vatican Diplomatic Relations: The Past and The Future
The beginning of a new administration is a good opportunity to examine the diplomatic relations between the United States (US) and another state. This is also a good time to examine the relations between the United States and the Holy See.
The White House announced on April 6, 2001, that it was the intention of President George W. Bush to nominate Mr. James Nicholson as the next Ambassador of the United States to the Holy See. Mr. Nicholson, an alumnus of the Military Academy at West Point served as an officer in the armed forces. He subsequently graduated from law school and practiced law in the state of Colorado. In 1997, he was elected Chairman of the Republican National Committee and played a major role in the George W. Bush presidential campaign. He is a friend of the President and is well connected with the White House.
On January 10, 1984, when President Reagan announced the establishment of formal diplomatic relations with the Holy See, he appointed William A. Wilson, who had been serving as his personal representative to the Pope, as the first US Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to the Holy See. Ambassador Wilson was a well known business executive from California.
The second US Ambassador was Frank Shakespeare, who had been Director of the US Information Agency (USIA) and Ambassador to Portugal. He was also an activist in public affairs.
Dr. Thomas Patrick Melady, appointed by President George H. W. Bush as the third Ambassador, served from 1989 to 1993. He was a former University President, US Ambassador and an Assistant Secretary for Post Secondary Education.
President Clinton appointed in the spring of 1993, the Hon. Raymond Flynn, who was mayor of Boston and a former head of the Association of US urban mayors. The Hon. Corinne (Lindy) Boggs, widow of Hale Boggs, Speaker of the House, succeeded him in 1997. She also served for nine terms in the US Congress.
The appointment of national figures to this position started in the personal representative period. President Roosevelt appointed Myron Taylor, retired Chairman of the US Steel Corporation, as his personal representative in 1939. President Nixon appointed Henry Cabot Lodge and President Carter selected Robert F. Wagner, a former mayor of New York City.
In the first years of the United States, the new Republic had contacts with the Papal States. During that period, Papal authority extended over the territory of central Italy. However, the recognition by the United States did not include any perception of the Holy See and its unique international personality.
The consular relations established by the United States in March 1797 with the Papal States, whose capital was Rome, were reciprocated at the same consular level in 1826 when the Papal States established a consulate in New York City. President James Polk proposed in 1848 that the United States extend formal de jure recognition to the Papal States and appointed a Chargé d’Affaires. Mr. Jacob I. Martin presented his credentials to the Pope Pius IX in Rome on August 19, 1848. Mr. Martin was followed in a period of nineteen years by five other diplomats. They were: Lewis Cass, Jr., 1849-1858; John P. Stockton, 1858-1861; Alexander W. Randell, 1861-1862; Richard M. Blatchford, 1862-1863; and, Rufus King, 1863-1867.
Rufus King was the last minister resident to the Papal States. He left his post in August 1867. Beginning in that year, it would not have been possible to fund such a diplomatic post, as Congress in that year prohibited the financing of any diplomatic post to the Papal authority. Furthermore, with the incorporation of the Papal States into Italy (following Garibaldi’s unification of Italy and virtual imprisonment of Pius IX), the United States would not have had a basis for its recognition, since control of territory was an intrinsic part of its original recognition of the Papal States. The international personality role of the Holy See and the unique role of the Pope himself were not part of the act of US recognition (at that time).
Mr. King’s departure from Rome in 1867 initiated a long interregnum of seventy-two years when the United States did not have a diplomatic representative to the Pope. There was little or no indication that this absence of diplomatic contact would end until the Franklin Roosevelt Administration launched the concept of a “personal representative of the President.” It is interesting to note that the long absence of diplomatic representation coincided with the period of strong anti-Catholicism in the United States. It was a time when an increasing number of immigrants from predominantly Catholic countries were arriving, and there was a strong negative reaction against the Irish, the French, the Italians, the Spanish and the Germans—all those from predominantly Catholic countries. The literature at the time was full of highly intemperate and in many cases vicious characterization of the leadership of the Catholic Church. It is hard to imagine that there could be any kind of approval by the US Congress for a diplomatic representative to the Pope under the circumstances of late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in the United States.
The question of the sovereignty of the Vatican City State was cleared up in 1929. The Lateran Treaty of that year established that the Republic of Italy recognized the sovereignty of the Vatican City State.
Personal Representative to the Pope
President Roosevelt announced on December 24, 1939, that he intended to send a personal representative to the Pope. The same announcement also included the news that he wanted closer contacts with the leaders of the major faiths. Thus, on Christmas Eve 1939, he informed the President of the Federal Council of Churches of Christ and the President of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America that he would be maintaining contact with them on ways to promote peace.
The appointment to the Protestant and Jewish organizations were cover operations for the real plan that Roosevelt had in mind: US diplomatic contacts with the Vatican in Rome.
There was considerable opposition in the United States to this action of President Roosevelt. Since the appointment did not require Senate approval, there was no way to focus a national campaign against it. Some of the opposition was rooted in sincere concern about the constitutional implications of the appointment.
Few took the pains to point out that the recognition of other state leaders, who also had important roles as heads of Churches or religious leaders, such as (at that time) the Emperor of Japan, the King of Saudi Arabia, the Emperor of Ethiopia and the British Monarch did not prevent their recognition as leaders of sovereign states.
And there was the clear case of unabashed anti-Catholicism. In 1939, Catholics were not members of the American political power establishment. But President Roosevelt appreciated the geopolitical significance of the Vatican and pushed through his appointment of Myron Taylor, retired corporate leader and an Episcopal lay leader. President Roosevelt’s special representative arrived in Rome when Nazi Germany was scoring victories on the war front in 1940.
Taylor in Rome
Mr. Taylor, once he arrived in Rome, was regarded as the US Ambassador. He served for ten years, which covered the World War II period. Taylor had easy access to the Pope and, of course, top Vatican officials. His office was a source of important information to the United States. He was able to influence the Holy See in 1945 to immediately recognize the dangers of the communist Soviet Union expansion.
Following the retirement of Myron Taylor, President Truman decided to open up a full Embassy of the United States to the Vatican. He nominated General Mark Clark as the US Ambassador in 1951.
Opposition to the nomination mounted quickly. The opposition did not focus on the credentials of General Clark but on the recognition of a “Church” by the US government. The Truman Administration did not do well in explaining the existence of the Vatican City State as a sovereign state.
The high emotional overtones of the opposition were sufficient to torpedo the attempt to establish full diplomatic relations between the United States and the Papal authority.
In 1952, President Truman decided not to summit the nomination of General Clark to the formal confirmation process. Another 18 years would pass before a US President would attempt to name any kind of diplomat to the Vatican.
President Nixon broke the long interregnum in 1969 and appointed Henry Cabot Lodge as his personal representative, and President Carter sent a former New York City mayor to the Vatican.
Action by President Reagan
Within months of President Reagan’s inaugural in 1981, it became known that he was looking into the challenges of establishing full diplomatic relations with the Vatican. One of the first steps taken by President Reagan was to obtain the repeal of the 1868 law which prohibited the expenditure of funds for an Embassy to the Vatican. He was successful in obtaining the repeal. There was no real opposition, and this was interpreted as a favorable sign for those who favored full diplomatic relations.
President Reagan moved quickly and on January 10, 1984, announced that full diplomatic relations between the United States and the Vatican had been established. The President did this over the opposition of the office of the Secretary of State.
What a difference 32 years could make! In 1952 there were demonstrations and loud opposition. In 1984, there were few manifestations against the Vatican or Catholicism. The nomination of Ambassador Wilson was approved by a landslide vote.
Since the Senate vote in 1984, there has been no opposition in the Senate to subsequent nominations. Several attempts were made to challenge the establishment of diplomatic relations in the courts; they were unsuccessful.
When Ambassador Lindy Boggs, the very popular fifth US Ambassador, took leave of her duties as Ambassador on March 1, 2001, 174 states recognized the Holy See. The structures of US-Vatican diplomatic relations are safe and sound.
Opposition to the diplomatic role of the Holy See appeared on another front in 2000. A group of individuals and organizations attempted to influence the United Nations (UN) to reduce the status of the Observer Mission of the Holy See to that of a non-governmental organization (NGO). There was an avalanche of support for the Holy See to support its Observer status at the United Nations.
One of those speaking strongly in favor of the Holy See role at the UN was the Hon. George W. Bush, then the Governor of Texas. It is widely believed that the new Ambassador representing President George W. Bush, will begin his duties at the Vatican with a warm and welcoming reception. | <urn:uuid:21264cba-e3c9-49f8-b24e-4c123d236850> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://americanambassadors.org/publications/ambassadors-review/spring-2001/united-states-vatican-diplomatic-relations-the-past-and-the-future | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00470.warc.gz | en | 0.977492 | 2,148 | 1.757813 | 2 |
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Photo courtesy of: OU Press
Jun 8, 2010
By Aaron Krumheuer
As excitement for the World Cup reaches fever pitch, a new history of soccer in Africa has been published by Ohio University Press.
Titled "African Soccerscapes: How a Continent Changed the World's Game," it is the second title in a new series from Ohio University Press about Africa in world history, and it runs alongside OHIO's scholarly leadership in African Sports studies.
Peter Alegi, the author of "Soccerscapes," is a professor of history at Michigan State University, a review editor of the first international journal on soccer called Soccer and Society, and an editorial board member of the International Journal of African Historical Studies.
Alegi has also been involved in OHIO's annual Sports in Africa symposium since the first meeting, and wrote the introduction to the latest volume of "Impumelelo," the interdisciplinary electronic journal of African sports.
The symposium and journal were co-founded six years ago by Gerard Akindes, the technology coordinator for the Center for Health and Human Services, whose goal was to "bridge the gap" between academia and sports. Born in the Republic of Benin, Akindes played basketball in countries around West Africa and coached in Belgium. Although he came to OHIO eleven years ago to escape sports, his passion found a new outlet in scholarly studies, he said.
"It's not a traditional academic field, and when we go to conferences, people sometimes laugh at first," Akindes said. "But when someone like Peter (Alegi) talks and writes about it, it creates a different interest. You realize it's not just a game."
This year's symposium in March was about politics and globalization, a topic much in line with the 2010 World Cup.
The 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa is the first time since the Cup's inception in 1930 that it will be held in an African nation. Thirty-two teams from six different confederations will play for the cup between June 11 and July 11.
"African Soccerscapes" tells the story of the continent's long journey to this point, explaining how “the beautiful game" arrived in Africa by way of European colonists in the late 1800s. The sport spread from coastal towns to the mainland, absorbing unique African characteristics like magicians and healers, colorful costumes, songs, fan clubs and festive spectatorship rituals. The once European game became a favorite African past time, and the pitch became a place of pride and camaraderie.
"People are standing, dancing, drumming. It's a whole cultural event, a celebration," Akindes said. "Contrary to what we have in the U.S., where people are sitting to be entertained, in Africa, spectators are part of the entertainment."
Newly formed African nations found unity in rooting for their national teams despite their ethnic differences and colonial borders. The rise of soccer also took on social and political causes, including struggles for racial equality and decolonization. African countries pressured FIFA to allow their entry into World Cup tournaments, and the Algerian national team's subversive formation in 1958 predated the country's independence from France.
As soccer became more commercialized, corporate sponsors and big name clubs changed the face of the game. This commodification gave Africa a place on the world stage, but it also led to a drain of talented African players to more lucrative overseas clubs.
Globalization has had an impact on African fans, too.
A recent New York Times article from May 23, 2010, which quotes Alegi, mentions that pricey online ticket sales for the 2010 World Cup are keeping many Africans from attending. Combined with the costs of travel and lodging, most in the world's poorest continent will not be able to witness their first Cup.
"Traveling to the World Cup is impossible for I'd say 95 percent of the population, wherever we live," said Akindes. "There's a big gap because the living standards of international soccer is like another world. The economy for most people in Africa hasn't changed much. How to compromise that, I don't know.”
The publisher of "Soccerscapes," Ohio University Press, is the largest university press in Ohio. Incorporated in 1947 and officially organized in 1964 by OHIO President John C. Baker, it publishes 40 to 50 books annually. It is a leader in African and Victorian studies, as well as a noted publisher of historical and cultural works on Ohio and the literary works of Swallow Press. | <urn:uuid:1b1f47eb-a98e-412f-b0e9-a5aeb732fa46> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.ohio.edu/compass/stories/09-10/6/Soccerscapes-Cup-815.cfm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720941.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00519-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96736 | 941 | 1.820313 | 2 |
Employee engagement is a win-win proposition for all stakeholders. Actively engaged employees create an enriched work environment, do a better job of meeting organizational objectives and provide top-notch customer service. The level of employee engagement at a firm directly correlates with organizational productivity. American firms have a wealth of opportunity for improvement in this area. Only 32-percent respondents to a recent Gallup poll reported feeling actively engaged in their careers, while over 50-percent replied that they were not engaged, and more than 17-percent admitted that they were actively disengaged. Resultingly, business leaders who develop employees help the organization succeed.
It’s easy to recognize engaged employees in the workplace. This kind of staff member delivers exceptional service and produces extraordinary results. These individuals light up the room with their confidence, positivity and determination to perform. Engaged employees lead others by example, while remaining calm and focused on the task at hand. They view problems not as inconveniences, but as a challenge to overcome and use as a learning opportunity.
Engaged Employees Deliver Heightened Performance
Operational success rates are 200-percent higher among enterprises with corporate cultures that promote employee engagement. Engaged employees are corporate champions who inspire other staff members to take pride in their work. The positive attitudes that employees have toward their firms result in 28-percent less shrinkage, 37-percent less absenteeism and 48-percent fewer safety incidents.
As for production, engaged employees produce products with 41-percent fewer quality defects. These numbers clearly establish the connection between employee engagement and improved organizational outcomes. More importantly, the unwavering enthusiasm of engaged employees is contagious and spreads among other staff members quickly.
The How and Why of Employee Engagement
68-percent of employees who participated in a recent poll considered training and development the most important aspect of company policy, and nearly 80-percent of the staff members desired opportunities for career advancement. While positive verbal reinforcement doesn’t guarantee employee engagement, staff members want to feel recognized in the workplace.
To accomplish this, effective business leaders establish regular milestones so that workers have goals to work toward. This might encompass assigning additional responsibilities, such as allowing employees, to take on managerial responsibilities or providing learning resources for staff members. They also give staff members the freedom to do their job and the opportunity to showcase their best talents. This work environment improves morale, boost productivity and promotes employee engagement.
Getting Staff Members Involved
Developing employee engagement is a multipronged process. The hiring process involves four main points: clearly defining the job position and roles, finding the right candidates, evaluating candidates and verifying candidate information. This formalized process allows enterprise leaders to make the most of corporate resources.
For existing personnel, effective employers create a work environment that’s pleasant and fulfilling, while providing opportunities for workers make use of their natural talents. Another way the employers build engagement with current employees is transparency. Staff members prefer to communicate in different ways, so it’s important to connect with employees using varying methods. This may include email correspondence, face-to-face meetings, hardcopy memos or other methods. Effective employers also make sure that employees have the resources to learn and advance within the organization.
Each new staff member can either help or harm the organization. When selecting candidates for an open position, hiring managers start by thinking about the desired result. It’s vitally important to establish staffing goals and a formalized hiring process. The first step for finding new hires who are likely to promote an engaged workforce is to identify current top performers and create a profile based on their professional characteristics. Employers then seek these qualities in the potential job candidates.
Business leaders who create a work environment that fosters employee engagement double the chances of success for their firms. Therefore, savvy business leaders measure and monitor the attributes that are important for organizational success and make a note of the individuals that make positive contributions. There are various management and organization styles that can be implemented too that can help with create better leadership. Leaders that engaged employees stand out from other staff members because they consistently produce positive outcomes. They are passionate about their work and feel a genuine connection with their firm, and often advance into management. These are the individuals that drive innovation and move the company toward desired goals.
The self-perception of each employee is influenced by the sum of their life circumstances, and how they perceive their connection with their career has a considerable impact on their outlook on life. To maximize the potential of every employee, effective business leaders make sure to connect with employees in ways that promote engagement, nurture creativity and foster innovation.
Image licensed from Depositphotos.com | <urn:uuid:e683bec1-c751-4cad-9c85-f6afc26489a9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://gethppy.com/employee-engagement/engaged-employees-pay-off | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00066.warc.gz | en | 0.951744 | 941 | 1.75 | 2 |
History of daily rates AUD /USD since Friday, 2 July 2021. Join more than 6 million people who get a better deal when they send money with Wise. Bloomberg Daybreak Australia Bloomberg Daybreak Australia.
The pair is largely affected by interest rate differentials between the countries and by banking announcements. Get bank-beating foreign currency exchange rates with OFX. Referred to as a commodity currency, the Aussie has close correlation with commodity prices due to its traditional reliance on the trade of natural resources. Historically, yield differentials delivered strong demand for the Aussie Dollar through carry trades, making the Aussie Dollar a riskier asset.
Wise is the trading name of Wise, which is authorised by the Financial Conduct Authority under the Electronic Money Regulations 2011, Firm Reference , for the issuing of electronic money. Click on the dropdown to select AUD in the first dropdown as the currency that you want to convert and USD in the second drop down as the currency you want to convert to. We use two factor authentication to protect your account. Wise takes the stress out of sending large amounts of money abroad — helping you save for the important things. Live tracking and notifications + flexible delivery and payment options.
While the Australian dollar is impacted by Australia’s trade with Asian nations, this pair is most heavily influenced by trade between Australia and the U.S. The other factor is the interest rate differential between Australia and the U.S., with the higher Australian rates making the Australian dollar more attractive when compared with the U.S. dollar. If that were to change and U.S. interest rates increased the U.S. dollar could become the more attractive in the pairing. RBA is the Central Bank of Australia and its board members meet eleven times a year, on the first Tuesday of every month, except January. The minutes of the meetings are published after two weeks, and it is very important to track them. Aside from interest rates, hawkish statements from majority of members will strengthen the Australian dollar, while dovish tones will pressure the AUD lower.
Our currency rankings show that the most popular US Dollar exchange rate is the USD to USD rate. Our currency rankings show that the most popular Australian Dollar exchange rate is the AUD to USD rate. The currency code for Australian Dollars is AUD. The currency calculator will convert exchange rate of Australian dollar to United States dollar . When commodity prices are rising it tends to weigh on the economies of developed and developing nations as they end up spending more to acquire the commodities they need. By contrast Australia does very well since its economy is heavily based on the sale of its commodities.
AUD/USD is a popular currency pair because it can be traded actively during both the Asian and New York trading sessions. When reviewing Australian dollar to the US dollar FX trading analysis one should chart technical trends in order to see patterns that can elucidate future profits. Analysis from the DailyForex.com trading team can provide you with the insights you need to trade successfully.
The massive growth of the Chinese economy since the turn of the millennium has coincided with the strengthening of the Australian dollar. Chinese expansion headlines will always provide tailwinds to the AUD, while recession undertones will provide the headwinds. If you type just one currency code into the URL, the target currency will be the currency of the country that the user is located in. Type currency.world/convert/AUD_400 to convert 400 Australian Dollar to the user’s currency. You can also press $ or € on your keyboard, or start typing a currency name, currency code or country name to change currency.
This will consequently influence the Australian dollar and the AUD-USD rate. A case in point would be the suppression of gold and oil prices since 2011, which has best vix etf pressured the AUDUSD lower despite higher export volumes from Australia. These are the average exchange rates of these two currencies for the last 30 and 90 days.
Aside from China, the US is also an important trading partner for Australia. It is also important to note that most commodities in the international markets are denominated umarkets review in US dollars, effectively making the AUDUSD a price barometer for the entire commodity market. This is the page of currency pairs, Australian Dollar convert to US Dollar.
This currency converter can convert between several currencies simultaneously. AUDUSD / 4H Hello traders, welcome back to another market breakodown. AUDUSD has been trading in a down trend, the price is trading at the trend line where the market expect bears to show up. More conservative play of this setup is to wait for the lows to be taken first then jump on the retest of the highs. Checkout the chart for what I’ll be expecting…. PrimeXBT Trading Services LLC is incorporated in St. Vincent and the Grenadines as an operating subsidiary within the PrimeXBT group of companies.
To distinguish it from other dollar-based currencies, it is designated with the symbol $ or US$. The United States dollar is the most widely used currency in the world and is regarded a benchmark currency. The AUD, or Australian Dollar, is Australia’s official currency, as well as the currency of numerous Pacific island states. The Australian Dollar was first adopted in 1966 to replace the Australian Pound, which was initially tied to the US dollar. It became a free float in 1983 and has remained thus ever then.
1. Kuwaiti dinar. Known as the strongest currency in the world, the Kuwaiti dinar or KWD was introduced in 1960 and was initially equivalent to one pound sterling. Kuwait is a small country that is nestled between Iraq and Saudi Arabia whose wealth has been driven largely by its large global exports of oil.
PrimeXBT products are complex instruments and come with a high risk of losing money rapidly due to leverage. These products are not suitable for all investors. You should consider whether you understand how these products work and whether you can afford to take the high risk of losing your money.
Below shows the current exchange rate of the currency pairs updated every 1 minutes and their exchange rates history graph. Explore the Australian Dollar/US dollar live chart. The chart of exchange rate is interesting to watch because it tends to correlate negatively to other major currency pairs, including USD/CAD, USD/JPY and USD/CHF.
We give you the real rate, independently provided by Reuters. Compare our rate and fee with Western Union, ICICI Bank, WorldRemit and more, and see the difference for yourself. Check live rates, send money securely, set rate alerts, receive notifications and more. There are two factors that can weigh most heavily on the AUD/USD. The first is, unsurprisingly, trade relations between the U.S. and Australia.
Banks and traditional providers often have extra costs, which they pass to you by marking up the exchange rate. Our smart tech means we’re more efficient – which means you get a great rate. These percentages show how much the exchange rate has fluctuated over the last 30 and 90-day periods. These are the lowest points the exchange rate has been at in the last 30 and 90-day periods. These are the highest points the exchange rate has been at in the last 30 and 90-day periods. Sign Up NowGet this delivered to your inbox, and more info about our products and services.
The Australian dollar was introduced in 1966, replacing the non-decimated Australian pound that was pegged to the UK sterling pound. As of October 2019, Australia remains the 12th biggest economy in the world and a major exporter of precious metals and various other minerals, such as iron ore and coal. This is why the AUD is often referred to as a ‘commodity currency’ in the forex market, with its value positively correlated to global spot commodity prices. Australia is also a major trading partner of China, and actually one of the few nations that run a surplus with the Asian trade giant. About a third of Australia’s exports go to China, and the expansion or slowdown of the Chinese economy will have a direct impact on the AUD.
Geology is important because it’s given Australia a huge array of valuable commodities for trade. Speaking of trade, geography has placed the country in an ideal location to trade with Asian nations that have an insatiable demand for those commodities. And government policy gives a stable economy and interest rates. The Federal Reserve is the major body that influences US dollar price movements.
If we see the Resistance broken out then we could see the shift in the trend. I marked the TP 1, TP 2 , TP 3 and EXIT on the chart. Please note this is only the Trade Idea base on S & R and not a signal, the market can react differently during the session and only enter… It’s free to open an account, and there is no obligation to fund or trade. Wise US Inc is authorized to operate in most states. In the other states, the program is sponsored by Community Federal Savings Bank, to which we’re a service provider.
More recently, the AUD/USD exchange rate rose above 75 cents for the first time since late October 2021, making it the best time to buy US dollars so far this year. In general, if you are buying US dollars with Australian dollars, you want the AUD/USD exchange rate to be as high as possible.
This means the Australian dollar is good to buy during times when the hard commodity prices are rising, or are already very high. It’s also good to keep an eye on Asian demand for Australia’s commodities since strong Asian demand is also a positive for the Australian economy and the Australian dollar. Read the daily USD update from the currency specialists at OFX and get the latest on market movements and today’s expected ranges of the major currency pairs. The worst day to change Australian dollars in US dollars was the Wednesday, 13 July 2022. The exchange rate had fallen to its lowest value.
AUDUSD is the ticker symbol for the Australian dollar and the US dollar exchange rate. Also known as the ‘Aussie’, the AUD-USD currency pair belongs to the ‘major’ group in forex trading. This means that it includes the USD, is traded in high volumes, has high liquidity and offers minimal spreads compared to minor and exotic currency pairs. As of October 2019, the Aussie is the fourth most traded currency pair in the forex market, with traders particularly encouraged by the volatility it offers during the ‘dull’ Asian trading sessions. In the AUD-USD forex rate, the AUD is the base currency, while the USD is the quote currency.
US dollar strength or weakness will obviously impact the AUD-USD exchange rate. The US Bureau of Labour Statistics releases major employment and consumer prices data that can trigger massive price movements on the US dollar. A key date for USD traders is the first Friday of every month when the Nonfarm payrolls data is released. Currency World okcoin review delivers instant currency conversion and fresh exchange rates in a user-friendly interface. The AUD/USD (Australian Dollar-US Dollar) currency pair is one of the most widely traded in the world. The AUD/USD rate, as displayed in the live price chart, informs traders how many US dollars are required to purchase one Australian dollar.
This means that at any given time, the price of the AUD USD pair represents the amount of US dollars it would take to exchange for one Australian dollar . Some economists theorize that commodity prices are the dominant driver of the Australian dollar, and this means changes in exchange rates of the Australian dollar occur in ways opposite to many other currencies. In fact, Australia’s balance of trade continues to depend primarily upon commodity exports such as minerals and agricultural products. This movement is in the opposite direction to other reserve currencies, which are usually stronger during market declines when traders move their money from falling stocks into cash. The AUD-USD pair combines two currencies with significant roles in the global economy.
BE THE FIRST TO KNOW ABOUT NEW TRAINING PROGRAMS RECEIVE HEALTH TIPS AND MORE! | <urn:uuid:3027a598-dff6-4628-9bbf-80e65772a3fb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://hustleincfitness.com/australian-dollar-to-dollar/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00270.warc.gz | en | 0.948326 | 2,481 | 1.664063 | 2 |
In the rail journey from Europe to China, the border crossing of Malaszewicze is one of the main bottlenecks, many have stated. But Polish operator PKP Cargo said last week that the problems have been solved and the border crossing should not be considered a bottleneck any longer.
The Małaszewicze-Brest border crossing connects Poland and Belarus and is the most popular border crossing on the railway route between Europe and China. Here, cargo is unloaded from trains crossing through the CIS region onto trains able to operate on European gauge, or the other way around. Although alternative border crossings have been opened, Małaszewicze-Brest remains the most used gateway. But it is probably also the most discussed location on the New Silk Road.
“The issues have been solved. There are currently no problems with the loading of goods. On the contrary – to use the full business potential of Małaszewicze, a dynamic increase of trains running through this border point is needed”, said the deputy director of the Bureau for Promotion and Investor Relations of PKP Cargo Andrzej Banucha last month.
“This is ridiculous. At the moment we face heavy backlog in Brest/Malaszewicze; the crossing time is between four and six days per train. If we had a really functional terminal they could easily handle ten or more trains per day, but there are important investments to be done – and more crossing points to be erected”, said a logistics provider from Switzerland.
It is a matter of timing, according to Dick van Beek, Global Logistics Director EMEA at Lenovo, a shipper on the route. The transit is sometimes smooth, but can be a hurdle at other times. This is because there is often construction work carried out, he explained. “The facilities are not completely ready, and sometimes there is work in progress. At one point, a bridge was closed and we could not make use of the track. Circumstances like these make it hard to predict a lead time”, he said.
Indeed, PKP Cargo currently invests in the development of the Małaszewicze logistics centre, where both track infrastructure and terminals will be expanded. “In 2022, the capacity of Małaszewicze will increase fourfold. We currently serve about 25 trains from China per week, and we still have spare capacity. After the expansion, the connection from China to Europe via Małaszewicze will be even more attractive for European and Asian enterprises, said President Czesław Warsewicz.
Shortage of equipment
According to Thomas Kowitzki, Head of Chinarail/Multimodal, Europe at DHL Global Forwarding it is too easy to say that the border crossing at Małaszewicze is the only bottleneck. “The journey between Europe and China is long and there are many parties involved. Add to that the large volumes passing through, which we see increasing over the last few years. In a situation like that, it is necessary to have proper operational planning and synchronisation of the different operational systems, i.e. the Chinese, CIS and European railways.
“Sometimes, delays occur due to a shortage of equipment”, he argued. Trains in European direction are not always directly available. Shortages lead to containers being stalled at the border, causing days of delay. “In such a case, it is not a problem only caused by the border operator”, Kowitzki added.
A point of frustration for shippers and logistics companies is the lack of information, Kowitzki explained. A temporary construction project should not be a problem if it was properly communicated, and this is currently not always happening, he added. “Information about construction projects and the expected impact on traffic should be shared with those involved and detailed enough so we can find an alternative for the urgent cargo. We often hear about such situations too late, when they are already in place. More proactivity is needed in such situation.”
A logistics company from Hong Kong was informed last week that due to a sudden increase in train volumes caused by special trains and an army manoeuvre is causing heavy delays of up to four days on all train connections routed via the border. “As we currently have six full trains on the way with around 210 containers we started to be concerned and sourced more information. One party stated that the delay would be an additional five days, while another said it would be approximately three days and the congestion would last for at least three weeks.”
As the volumes of traffic between Europe and China have been on the rise, alternative border crossing have been opened. Rail traffic is now available via Kaliningrad. The cargo is loaded onto the European gauge railway network at the Dzerzhinsky-New station in the Russian enclave. Traffic is also now routed via Lithuania and via Ukraine, for destinations more south in Europe.
However, according to people involved there is no capacity issue. The border point now has the capacity to handle three to four trains a day, and this will be increased with the completion of the new facility. As Peter Plewa, Executive Board of Duisport argued at a conference last year: “There is enough space to operate, but if operations are not managed efficiently, they will not be improved.” | <urn:uuid:71ac3c25-faad-458d-af80-53df873a497b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.railfreight.com/specials/2018/09/11/why-malaszewicze-is-the-most-debated-place-on-the-new-silk-road/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572286.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816090541-20220816120541-00274.warc.gz | en | 0.961524 | 1,135 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Objective: To explore the degree of COVID-19-related stress among college students enrolled in higher level institutions and identify socio-demographic and psychosocial factors that may predict, or be associated with, higher levels of pandemic-related distress.
Method: Data were obtained from a cross-sectional survey completed by 321 college students primarily recruited from Universities in Ireland. Ages ranged between 18-21 years (n = 176) and 22-25 years (n = 145). Participants answered some demographic questions before completing scales assessing their experience of childhood adversity, their present resilience and levels of psychological distress, as well as their COVID-19-specific stress.
Results: Multiple regression analysis revealed that students who were female, who had chronic illness, who experienced monetary concerns and who expressed psychological distress experienced greater stress related to COVID-19.
Conclusion: Findings suggest that certain categories of college students may be at higher risk for experiencing poor mental health during a global pandemic. Higher level institutions should consider this when designing and delivering support services aiming to promote student mental health and alleviate mental distress.
Keywords: COVID-19; Coronavirus; higher education; mental health; risk factors; students. | <urn:uuid:68c28bb1-79d5-45a6-aafe-400890d7f8b4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35791903/?utm_source=SimplePie&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&utm_content=1xgjY15FSEnM08BkUJAPtKRrCbdCxnt6lonHr5p3-CWMNYSszy&fc=20220523101529&ff=20220706145333&v=2.17.6 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.955098 | 247 | 2.046875 | 2 |
Bulk E-Juice Vapor Shop CBD Wholesale in the vicinity of Lakehead 96051 CA
Bulk E-Juice Vapor Shop CBD Wholesale near Lakehead 96051 CA . Shop CBD Body Cream, e-juice from top labels such as Glas Made In USA E-liquid, Milk Drop eJuice as well as Pachamama E-Liquid Salts
Usually, individuals with healthy skin, who don't have any symptoms of psoriasis, notice fully grown skin cells show up on their skin when in a month or so. Those, that have psoriasis, see these skin cells when in every two weeks.
There are several therapy options available for psoriasis, however one of the most efficient ones entail applying topical creams and lotion to the affected area. Currently, because CBD, the impressive chemical substance extracted from marijuana plant has anti-inflammatory residential properties, scientists are considering it as an efficient treatment for psoriasis signs and symptoms.
The testimonials worrying the outcomes of CBD for psoriasis are pretty much blended. Despite the fact that there is anecdotal proof recommending that products like CBD soap and oil are helpful for individuals suffering from psoriasis, researches conducted thus far have actually shown to be undetermined.
Making Use Of CBD for Psoriasis
Our body deals with its own internal endocannabinoid system. There are many receptors which bind endocannabinoids, and make sure consistency within the system. Now, when we fall ill, or are just stressed out as well as exhausted, our body is unable to create sufficient endocannabinoids. However, this void can be full of the aid of phytocannabinoids, which is only endocannabinoids drawn out from plants.
Well, CBD is by far one of the ideal cannabinoid drawn out from the hemp plant. Because endocannabinoid system is also a part of our skin, when CBD interacts with endocannabinoid receptors of skin, it definitely has some restorative results.
There are several studies which sustain that a potential and also reliable phytocannabinoids can and will help deal with skin disease like psoriasis A research performed in 2007 located that cannabinoids like CBD minimized the growth of skin cells, and also therefore assisted in lowering psoriatic skin breakouts. One even more research performed in 2019 confirmed that CBD lotions decreased psoriasis signs and symptoms.
Numerous CBD topical customers around the globe record that they are completely satisfied to see exactly how effective CBD has been for their condition. Several customers efficiently alleviated the soreness, itching, peeling of skin along with swelling with the aid of CBD. Likewise, some report that they took care of to eliminate the signs and symptoms of psoriasis forever.
Various other advantages address of utilizing CBD for individuals experiencing psoriasis.
Psoriasis is usually seen to show up in locations like:
Joints like elbow joints, knees, and so on
. Scalp or the sides of scalp
Individuals enduring from psoriasis additionally deal with a condition known as psoriasis arthritis. As the name recommends, a specific deals with persistent body pain in smaller joints of feet and also hands. One is expected to experience discomfort, swelling in joints, and also tightness.
Currently, along with anti-inflammatory buildings, CBD has some amazing pain relieving homes too. This means, when people utilized CBD to deal with psoriasis, they also treat psoriasis arthritis while doing so.
To end it can be claimed that there is yet a great deal to discover health advantages of CBD. If you are thinking about the concept of utilizing CBD this contact form for psoriasis, we advise you do so after consulting your dermatologist.
Usually, people with healthy skin, that do not have any kind of signs and symptoms of psoriasis, notification mature skin cells show up on their skin once in a month or so. Those, who have psoriasis, see these skin cells as soon as in every two weeks.
One more study conducted in 2019 verified that CBD ointments minimized psoriasis signs.
Many CBD topical users around the world report that they are completely satisfied to see how efficient CBD has been for their condition. Individuals suffering from psoriasis additionally experience from a problem known as psoriasis joint inflammation.
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La nicotine est sous forme de nicotine liquide elle sert à favoriser le hit (sensation de contraction de la gorge lors du passage de la vapeur).
If you’re on the lookout for true premium e-juice, they're the seven optimum top quality e-juice models based upon detailed tests.
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There's also Alpine Menthe by Alfaliquid, a mixture of frosted mint and eucalyptus which happens to be as refreshing and cool as being the air while in the French Alps. All of these e-liquids are established from the Lorraine location of France, and each one of them certainly excels in European excellence. | <urn:uuid:9d1aa7ad-55b7-4efa-afc3-6b499ac20dfa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bluefootbear.co.uk/bulk-e-juice-vapor-shop-cbd-wholesale-in-lakehead-96051-ca-54858 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00275.warc.gz | en | 0.935794 | 1,672 | 1.539063 | 2 |
Treasures of the material world come to Romsey on Saturday (April 5).
Experts from all over the UK will be bringing their goods to the Crosfield Hall for World Textile Day, an exhibition of rarely-seen fabrics.
Jim Gaffney, of Textile Traders, one of the organisers, says: “We have been organising a World Textile Day in Wales for six years, then we started one in Scotland and last year we went east to Norfolk. “They have proved extremely successful and people come from miles to enjoy a special day quite unlike anything else. This time, we are spreading southwards to Hampshire.”
The theme of this year’s event is “The Spirit of the Cloth”.
Two expert speakers will be giving talks – John Gillow, an author of many books on world textiles and a supplier of antique textiles to museums and film companies, and Prince Charles’s interior designer, will talk about textiles of the Islamic world.
Martin Conlan, who has been travelling and collecting textiles in south-west China for 30 years, will be talking about spiritual and sacred textiles from the region.
World Textile Day runs from 10 am to 5 pm and entrance is free. Refreshments will be available. | <urn:uuid:8741f98a-ece1-46a8-809e-78d4efbc37bb> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.hampshirechronicle.co.uk/leisure/arts/11126506.Meet_the_men_and_women_of_the_cloth/?ref=rss | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280266.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00494-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.945153 | 267 | 1.578125 | 2 |
Dear sisters and brothers, dear seekers of the transcendental Truth, I wish to give a talk on friendship, which is the motto of Texas. Friendship is extremely significant in all phases of our life. Friendship is the bridge between two human beings. Friendship is the bridge between earth and Heaven. Friendship is the bridge between the known and the unknown.
Here on earth we try to establish friendship with our fellow human beings. Sometimes we are successful, sometimes we are not. But even when we are successful, this friendship does not satisfy us completely. Then we go deep within and discover our Eternal Friend, God, the Inner Pilot. God and each individual on earth are eternal friends. But only when we begin to aspire do we come to realise this truth.
There are three types of friendship: animal friendship, human friendship and divine friendship. The friendship that exploits us is animal friendship. The friendship that mutually helps two persons is human friendship. The friendship that unconditionally gives, that gives with no expectation whatsoever, is divine friendship.
Friendship can arise out of necessity and also out of generosity. If two human beings are in the desiring world, their friendship is founded upon necessity. But if one is in the desiring world and the other is in the aspiring world, then we have to know that the friendship of the aspirant is founded upon generosity, while the friendship of the desiring person is based upon necessity.
Desire makes unending demands; its hunger can never be appeased. No matter how much experience or possession is accumulated, still satisfaction does not dawn in the heart of a desiring individual. Aspiration also has an eternal hunger, but when aspiration achieves an iota of Peace, Light and Bliss, it feels a kind of satisfaction. Although an aspirant aims to reach the Highest, the Absolute Pinnacle, although he longs for infinite Peace, Light and Bliss, an iota of Peace, Light and Bliss satisfies his grateful heart. But he knows that today's achievement is not complete. If he looks forward, or dives deep within, or climbs high, higher, highest, he knows he is bound to be inundated with Peace, Light and Bliss in boundless measure. At God's choice Hour, God will give the aspirant infinite Peace, Light and Bliss.
In our ordinary human life we have two friends: fear and doubt. Fear tells us, "Stay inside your body cage, where you are safe. If you come out, the ferocious world tiger will devour you, so don't come out of the cage of your body." Doubt tells us that our real friend is our physical mind, the mind that cautions us, that warns us, that tells us that the outer world is a real stranger. Doubt says, "If you allow the outer world to enter into you, it is like dealing with a stranger. At any moment you may be exploited, deserted and destroyed for good. Have no faith in anybody on earth. Expect nothing good from anyone on earth. You are your own saviour, you are your own salvation-you and nobody else. Exist for yourself.
Here we are all seekers, so we shall have faith in God. If it is impossible for us to establish divine faith today, we can start with faith in ourselves. In spite of knowing that we are limited and bound, let us have faith in ourselves. Then this limitation and bondage of ours can be transcended on the strength of our inner cry. But if we have faith in an undivine force, a force that destroys, then in addition to destroying others, we will ourselves be destroyed. A similar thing happens when we have faith only in ourselves. We try to possess others, but before we can actually possess them, we are ourselves possessed. It is only in divine faith that we do not possess. There we just expand-expand our consciousness, expand our reality, expand what we have and what we are. But let us start, if necessary, with faith in ourselves, and then go beyond and attain divine faith. In divine faith we see that there is no end to our journey and achievement. We are in the flow of an ever transcending, ever illumining Reality, which is perfection.
Friendship is harmony, friendship is peace, friendship is bliss. Friendship is harmony. Mutual harmony removes all dark conflicts. Each individual has opinions of his own, but when friendship becomes the connecting link between two persons, all conflicts are removed and they become one.
Friendship is peace. Here, peace means confidence. I have confidence in you and you have confidence in me; our mutual confidence is peace. I shall not speak ill of you or try to ruin you; you will not speak ill of me or try to ruin me. On the contrary, I shall give you what I have: my love, my sympathy, my concern, my compassion, my total support of your cause, and you will do the same for me.
Friendship is bliss. When friendship lasts, it offers bliss. The Kingdom of Heaven is established when love inundates our beings, when the feeling of oneness reigns supreme and there is no sense of separativity. At that time illumining, fulfilling and perfect Perfection dawns in our life of aspiration. Thousands of years ago the Vedic seers offered us the message of bliss.
Anandadd hy eva khalv imani bhutani jayante
From Delight we came into existence.
In Delight we grow.
At the end of our journey's close, into Delight we retire.
Friendship is sweet when it is all harmony.
Friendship is sweeter when it is all peace.
Friendship is sweetest when it is all bliss.
Now, the moment we are awakened, the moment our inner light comes to the fore and awakens us from our ignorance sleep of millennia, we discover that fear and doubt are not our friends at all. Our true friends are courage, indomitable courage, and faith, boundless faith. Our inner courage tells us, "Go out, look around the rest of the world; all of earth's inhabitants are your friends, your brothers and sisters. If you stay in your physical consciousness, you are binding yourself, you are limiting your possibilities and potentialities. Go out. The world is eagerly awaiting your arrival." Our dear friend, faith, tells us, "We are all of the same Source and for the same Source, so how can we be afraid of others? The Source is one, but the One wanted to play the game of many. The tree is the Source, and the branches, flowers, leaves and fruits are the many. From the same root we all came into existence, so let us consciously establish our inseparable oneness with all human beings. Let us sing together, dance together and play together. In this way we will please and fulfil the Absolute Supreme with our universal oneness."
Each individual has faith in something or in someone. We cannot say that someone has no faith at all. This moment he has faith in God, another moment he may have faith in himself and a third moment he may have faith in somebody or in something else. Now, when an individual has faith in God, he is in the world of aspiration and vastness, in the world of Infinity, Eternity and Immortality. When he has faith in himself, he is in the world of desire, in the world of possession, limitation, bondage and death. When he has faith in neither God nor himself, then he has faith in destruction-in world destruction or in self destruction. But he always has faith either in God or in himself or in some undivine force.
Friendship is service, the dedicated service we offer to Mother Earth and Father Heaven. When we want to offer our dedicated service to Mother Earth, we pray to the Lord Supreme to grant us a life of ceaseless duration. When we want to offer our dedicated service to Father Heaven, we pray to the Lord Supreme to grant us a life of selfless contribution. With our service, Heaven gets the opportunity to manifest itself here on earth, and earth gets the opportunity to realise the Highest, the Absolute.
In the spiritual life friendship is founded on inner acceptance. A spiritual teacher and a seeker become one on the strength of their inner friendship. The seeker goes to a Master and says, "Master, I love you, I trust you, I give you my life." The Master immediately says, "My son, I love you, I trust you and I give you my life and also God's Life." The disciple says, "Master, I offer you my solemn promise that I shall serve the Supreme in you." The Master says, "Son, I offer you my solemn promise that unless and until I have taken you to our Father, the Absolute Supreme, I shall not rest. Your promise is just to me, but my promise is to two persons. Here on earth I am promising you that I shall carry you and guide you to the Golden Shores of the Beyond, and the same promise I am making to the Inner Pilot, who is your Master, my Master, the Eternal Master; to Him I am giving the same promise. With your friendship you will give me what you have: Ignorance. With my friendship I will give you what I have and what I am: Wisdom Light. This Wisdom Light the Supreme has granted me out of His infinite Bounty, and this I offer to you. If you think that you are a beggar, then you must know that I am more of a beggar than you. You have to go begging only to one place, but my condition is more deplorable; I have to go to two places. I go to you with folded hands and beg you to give me your ignorance. Then I go to God with folded hands and beg Him to give me His Compassion Light for you. I am the messenger between you and God. This is the friendship that I have established with earth and Heaven. Earth's pangs and penuries I take to Heaven, to the Eternal Father in Heaven, and from Heaven I bring down Peace, Light and Bliss in abundant measure for sincere seekers." This is the eternal friendship between the Master and the disciple.
The Master also says something else to his disciples. He says, "Your Master is not and can never be myself. The real Master is somebody else-the Supreme, the Absolute Supreme." A spiritual teacher is only an elder brother to humanity. When seekers are aspiring for the Highest, the teacher shows them where the Father is. Once he leads them to the Father, his role is over. And the seeker of today becomes the leader, the teacher of mankind tomorrow. When his time comes, he shows aspiring humanity, his younger brothers and sisters, the same God, the same eternal Friend, the same transcendental Supreme, that his own teacher once showed him.
March 7th, 1974
Southern Methodist University
Student Center, Room 104 | <urn:uuid:182407e3-4f1e-4faa-b1c2-736e5acacb5e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.srichinmoy.org/resources/talks/human_experience/friendship | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00076.warc.gz | en | 0.94741 | 2,264 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Rizzoli’s Flammarion imprint is set to release a new book on the works of Salvador Dali. Salvador Dali: The Making of an Artist is an extensive volume that looks into the artist’s development and influence. The new book goes beyond Dali’s work with painting to include other media including literature, photography, film and sculpture.
From Dali’s Mae West Lips Sofa and the Lobster Telephone, Salvador Dali: The Making of an Artist takes us through Dali’s multi-disciplinary work. Modern day artists influenced by Dli are also featured including Warhol, Koons, and Murakami. | <urn:uuid:126270b9-6e77-44b5-84df-0bdd00f38c9d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://accidentalbear.com/salvador-dali-the-making-of-an-artist-book/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279368.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00325-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.928148 | 139 | 1.578125 | 2 |
Italy cruise ship death toll rises to 13
Divers found another woman's body in the Costa Concordia cruise wreck off the coast of Italy, raising the death toll to 13, as families of the missing attended a remembrance mass nine days after the tragedy struck.
"Divers from the fire services found the body of a woman at deck seven at the stern of the ship, in the area underwater. She was wearing a life-jacket," spokeswoman Francesca Maffini from the Civil Protection Agency said.
Divers had carried out a search in previously inaccessible parts of the ship below the water line after the rescue mission was called off temporarily overnight because the perilously beached vessel had shifted in the water.
The head of Italy's protection agency, Franco Gabrielli, had said earlier on Sunday (local time) that divers were looking for 20 people officially missing, but said that there may have been people on board who were not on crew or passengers lists.
Relatives of a Hungarian woman have claimed she rang them from the ship, but authorities have no official record that she was on board, he said.
Families waiting for news of missing loved ones attended a special remembrance mass on Sunday.
"This is a moment for hope, trust and faith," said Priest Lorenzo Pasquotti, who sheltered passengers in the St Lorenzo church in the hours after the disaster.
"Nothing happens for no reason. Those who are suffering can share their burden with God," he said, telling the relatives of missing French and Peruvian victims that they should not give up hope.
"I think everybody needed a moment to just pull together and take a breath, and remember that in all the chaos of the search for survivors, people died that night," said local Sabrina Grazini, who attended the mass.
Nine days after the luxury Costa Concordia crashed into rocks off Giglio Island with 4,229 people from 60 countries on board, fresh reports on the cause of the tragedy emerged.
The ship's captain, Francesco Schettino, is under house arrest and is being investigated for multiple manslaughter, abandoning ship and causing a shipwreck, after he steered the boat too close to the Tuscan island.
He has confessed to having sailed near the island to "salute" its residents.
In excerpts from a 135-page statement he gave to Italian prosecutors published in the Italian media, Schettino said he had performed the "salute" many times and had done it to give the island publicity.
"I've always done it. We're in the business of doing tourist trips, we show off Italy, we salute the island and it gives us publicity," Schettino said.
The vessel's owner, Costa Crociere, has said the company was warned too late of the scale of the disaster, though Schettino has disputed their account.
He fiercely denies abandoning ship and claims he lost his footing and fell off as the vessel lurched onto its side.
"Me, a coward? A vile person that ran away? I had no life-jacket that night, because my life, from that night, was not worth anything," he told prosecutors in the excerpts of the statement published by the daily La Repubblica.
Divers on Saturday retrieved a hard disk which may have video footage from security cameras on the ship and provide evidence for the investigation.
The owners of the Costa Concordia are battling to stave off lawsuits expected to cost hundreds of millions of euros.
Around 400 Costa Concordia employees protested in Genoa in northern Italy on Sunday, "to show their closeness to passengers" but also "to express their pride in the company," a demonstrator told the daily La Stampa.
Meanwhile, Giglio Island was inundated with day-trippers flocking to the scene of the vast beached liner. Snap-happy visitors fresh off the ferry posed in the winter sunshine in front of the wreck.
"Loads of people have arrived just for the day," said the tiny island's head of tourism, Samantha Brizzi.
"They come with their young children as a day trip to see the wreck. I think it's extremely bad taste."
As hopes dwindled of finding someone who may have miraculously survived in air pockets, police said the families of missing people would have to wait for DNA tests to identify them after a week in the water.
As the search resumed Sunday, Italy's civil protection agency confirmed the nationalities of the eight dead who have been identified so far: four French nationals, one Italian, one Spaniard, one Hungarian and one German. | <urn:uuid:fcd90cd6-8dfb-4215-8015-364b7b7835d2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-01-23/cruise-ship-body-found/3787066 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280872.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00310-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.975289 | 946 | 1.507813 | 2 |
Many Floridians love animals. They purchase or adopt them as a pet, and the animal then quickly becomes part of the family. Unfortunately, not all pets are treated well. That was the case with Kristen Willoughby, a mother that was found living in a hotel with a 6-year-old child, four dogs, and five cats. Law enforcement found her living in squalor and while she was charged with child neglect, the child was not harmed. Three of the dogs were severely emaciated, and the hotel room was covered with urine and feces. Willoughby was charged with three counts of animal cruelty.
Not all animal cruelty cases rise to the level in this recent news story. Sometimes, a person may simply make a mistake, such as forgetting a dog that was tied up in the yard before they left for the day. Other times, innocent people are charged. If you have been charged with animal cruelty, it is essential that you know the basics of this offense.
Florida’s Law on Animal Cruelty
Florida law on animal cruelty is found in the Florida Statutes, Section 828.12. Under this law, a person can face charges if they unnecessarily torment, overload, or deprive an animal of necessary shelter or sustenance. A person can also be charged if they mutilate or kill an animal unnecessarily, or if they cause the same actions to be done. It is also a criminal offense to carry an animal in or upon a vehicle in any inhumane or cruel manner.
In most cases, defendants are often accused of animal cruelty when they confine an animal without sufficient exercise, water, or food. Another example of animal cruelty involves fighting, such as cockfighting or dogfighting, or when they do not properly care for an injured or sick animal. When a person is charged with mistreating multiple animals, they will face a separate charge for each, as in the recent story.
Penalties for a Conviction
Animal cruelty is usually charged as a first-degree misdemeanor in Florida. The penalty for most misdemeanors in the state is a maximum $1,000 fine and no more than one year in jail. However, the statute on animal cruelty outlines a statutory fine of no more than $5,000.
When a person is charged with aggravated animal cruelty, the offense is upgraded to a third-degree felony. Just as with a misdemeanor offense, the fine for a third-degree felony is usually $5,000. In cases of aggravated animal cruelty though, the fine is increased to $10,000.
It is also important to know that if convicted, your record cannot be sealed or expunged. Due to this, it is critical to speak to an Orlando criminal defense lawyer that can provide the defense you need to beat the charges.
Call Our Criminal Defense Lawyer in Orlando Today
Animal cruelty charges are taken very seriously in Florida. If you have been charged, you need a strong defense and our Orlando criminal defense lawyers can provide it. At O’Mara Law Group, our skilled attorneys can determine the defense strategy most suitable for your case and use it to give you the best chance of a successful outcome. Call us today at 407-634-6604 or contact us online to schedule a consultation and to learn more about how we can help. | <urn:uuid:f66f8336-5d62-4439-ba64-410ad1beae4d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.omaralawgroup.com/blog/what-is-animal-cruelty-in-florida/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.963952 | 679 | 1.867188 | 2 |
"Bono came in with these dark lyrics, and we kind of felt that the music didn't really match the lyrics. So we tried to turn the music on its head, to match the lyrics."
- Declan Gaffney, who co-produced the song Raised by Wolves
did you know
The song 'New Year's Day' is about the solidarity movement going on in Poland in the early 1980's. The government had promised changes and reforms, which would take effect on Jan. 1 of the following year, but the promises were empty. | <urn:uuid:37554bde-5437-4618-89d8-dabff5a98f41> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.u2start.com/u/masmejor/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719453.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00230-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.987389 | 114 | 1.710938 | 2 |
Title: Pistol, Percussion, .54 Cal, Model 1842, Ames, Navy, US
Accession #: NHHC 07-655-B
Size: 12 x 1.75 x 5.6
Medium: Wood, Metal
Location: Headquarters Artifact Collection, Naval History and Heritage Command
A single-shot, .54 caliber, smooth bore, percussion pistol. The 6-inch long, round iron barrel is mounted to the wood stock with a brass band. A lug under the muzzle held the now-absent swiveling ramrod. The enclosed lock is held in place by a single screw on the left side. The circular brass trigger guard is held on by a single screw through the back tang. A circular brass plate covers the butt of the stock. The lock plate is marked “U.S.N./1843” on the tail and “N.P.AMES/SPRINGFIELD/MA.” at the center below the hammer. The lock mechanism is entirely enclosed behind the plate, with only the hammer protruding from the top. A bolster with the percussion nipple extends from the right side of the barrel at the breech and fits into a cutout in the lock plate, allowing the hammer to engage the nipple.
The Model 1842 Navy pistols were the first percussion pistols adopted by the US government. Nathan P. Ames, Jr. based the unique box lock mechanism on the designs of the English gunsmith Henry Nock. The enclosed mechanism proved convenient for a belt pistol since it was less likely to snag on clothing. The Navy accepted the design and over 3,800 pistols were ordered from the Ames Manufacturing Company of Springfield, MA between 1842 and 1844. The pistol was also manufactured by Henry Deringer of Philadelphia, PA during the same period. Although the Model 1842 pistols were the first of their kind in US service, they were largely replaced by revolvers by the time of the Civil War. | <urn:uuid:ca1fdb94-3174-4752-829c-e52a5aa6061f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.history.navy.mil/our-collections/artifacts/arms-and-ordnance/small-arms/handguns/54-caliber-ames-percussion-pistol-1842.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00677.warc.gz | en | 0.956359 | 408 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Machine learning is frequently seen as the silver bullet for numerous industries’ various issues. Machine learning advancements have appeared to all more rapidly and precisely read radiology checks, recognize high-risk patterns, and diminish supplier’s administrative burden.
As organizations venture up the utilization of ML-empowered frameworks in their everyday operations, they become progressively dependent on those frameworks to help them make crucial business decisions. Sometimes, the ML systems work independently, making it particularly significant that the automated decision-making works as intended.
Human bias is surely an unavoidable truth in machine learning. In data science, it for the most part alludes to a deviation from expectation, or a mistake in the data, yet there is something else to bias than that. Once in a while, our viewpoints are not as expansive as we might want to think and accordingly, the huge volumes of data used to train algorithms are not in every case adequately variegated or diverse. As a general rule, there is real human bias in algorithms and data, which basically searches for patterns in the data we feed it
The power of supervised learning, one of the core ways to deal with machine learning, specifically relies vigorously upon the quality of the training data. So it shouldn’t be astonishing that when biased training data is utilized to teach these frameworks, the outcomes are biased ML systems. Biased ML systems that are deployed can cause issues, particularly when utilized in automated decision-making systems.
Kinds of Bias
Despite all these biases, there are ways organizations can remove bias in machine learning models
How to Remove Bias in ML Models
Discover Sources of Data
Discovering sources of data is one approach to address and prevent bias. Further, check how the various types of bias could affect the data being utilized to train the AI model. Have you chosen the data without bias? Have you ensured there isn’t any predisposition emerging from mistakes in data capture or observation? Is it true that you are trying not to utilize a historic data set corrupted with bias? By posing these inquiries you can assist with distinguishing and possibly take out that bias.
Pick the correct learning model
Have you wondered why all ML models are unique? Each problem requires a unique solution and gives varying data resources. There’s no single model to follow that will prevent bias, yet there are boundaries that can educate your team as its building.
Organizations need their data scientists to distinguish the best model for a given circumstance. Plunk down and talk them through the various procedures they can take when assembling a model. Evaluate ideas before focusing on them. It’s smarter to discover and fix weaknesses now, regardless of whether it implies taking longer, than to have regulators discover them later on.
From numerous points of view, the most ideal approach to remove bias in ML models is to minimize bias in organizations. The data sets used in language models are excessively enormous for manual examination, however, cleaning them is beneficial. Also, training people to settle on less biased choices and perceptions will help make data that does likewise. Employee training along with an evaluation of historic information is an incredible method to improve models while likewise indirectly addressing other workplace issues.
Employees are educated about normal bias and sources of them. The training models can be pruned or rectified, while the employees ideally become more cautious in their own work later on.
Find Precise Representative Data
Before gathering and amassing data for machine learning model training, companies should initially attempt to comprehend what a representative data set should resemble. Data scientists should utilize their data analysis abilities to comprehend the nature of the population that will be demonstrated alongside the characteristics of the data used to make the ML model. These two things should match to assemble a data set with as meager bias as possible.
Proper Measurement Metrics
Machine learning is complex, and these models exist within bigger human cycles that have their own complexities and difficulties. Each piece in a business process may look worthy, yet the aggregate actually shows bias. A review is an infrequent, deeper assessment of either a part of a business or how a model travels through the entire cycle, effectively searching for issues.
KPIs are values that can be checked to see whether things are moving the correct way, for example, the number of women promoted every year. Audited models might be atypical, and KPIs change normally, yet searching for potential issues is the initial move toward tackling them.
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More info about author | <urn:uuid:f1402c9f-23d1-4edd-9921-2a510195b4df> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ainewzine.com/2021/01/20/5-ways-organizations-can-remove-bias-in-machine-learning-models-analytics-insight/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00266.warc.gz | en | 0.935619 | 998 | 2.921875 | 3 |
|Número de publicación||US5369545 A|
|Tipo de publicación||Concesión|
|Número de solicitud||US 08/085,557|
|Fecha de publicación||29 Nov 1994|
|Fecha de presentación||30 Jun 1993|
|Fecha de prioridad||30 Jun 1993|
|Número de publicación||08085557, 085557, US 5369545 A, US 5369545A, US-A-5369545, US5369545 A, US5369545A|
|Inventores||Bidyut K. Bhattacharyya, Debendra Mallik, You Y. Yu|
|Cesionario original||Intel Corporation|
|Exportar cita||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Citas de patentes (9), Citada por (84), Clasificaciones (41), Eventos legales (8)|
|Enlaces externos: USPTO, Cesión de USPTO, Espacenet|
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a high capacitance/low inductance capacitor module that can be coupled to a semiconductive die.
2. Description of Related Art
It is generally desirable to produce integrated circuits (ICs) which require less power and operate at higher speeds than existing devices. The operation of low power/high speed integrated circuits can be effected by the electrical noise generated by the continuous switching of the transistors located in the circuit. It is well known that the inductive noise of an IC can be reduced by connecting decoupling capacitors to the circuit.
U.S. application Ser. No. 07/837,285 filed by Mallick et al., and assigned to the same assignee as the present application, discloses an integrated circuit package which has a number of decoupling capacitors formed on a circuit board located within the package. The circuit board and capacitors are coupled to the semiconductive die by a plurality of parallel wires. The parallelism of the wires increases the inductance of the signals and reduces the effectiveness of the decoupling capacitors. It would therefore be desirable to directly mount the decoupling capacitors to the surface of the die to reduce the line length between the two devices.
To effectively decouple an integrated circuit such as a microprocessor, the capacitors must have a capacitance value between 10 and 200 nanoFaurads (nF) and an inductance of approximately 1 picoHenry (pH). A single conventional capacitor typically has an inductance value of approximately 50 pH. Therefore to create a decoupling capacitance circuit having a net inductance of 1 pH would require the assembly and wiring of 10 discrete capacitors. Assembling multiple discrete elements is time consuming and generally increases the overall cost of producing the IC package. It would therefore be desirable to provide a low inductance decoupling capacitor module which can be efficiently mass produced and easily assembled to the surface of a semiconductive device.
The present invention is a high capacitance/low inductance capacitor module. The module comprises a plurality of conductive power planes that are separated from a plurality of conductive ground planes by layers of dielectric material. The power planes each have opposite extending tabs that are offset from similar tabs extending from the ground planes. The power plane tabs are coupled together by layers of conductive material. Likewise, the tabs of the ground planes are also coupled together by separate layers of conductive material. The module also contains vias that extend through the layers of dielectric and to interconnect the corresponding power and ground planes.
The layers of conductive material couple both sides of the corresponding conductive planes and provide contact pads for further assembly to a semiconductive die. The module is attached to the semiconductive die by a plurality of gold bumps which are formed on the top surface of the die.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a capacitor module that has high capacitance and low inductance values.
It is also an object of the present invention to provide a high capacitance/low inductance capacitor module that can be readily assembled to a semiconductive die.
The objects and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent to those ordinarily skilled in the art after reviewing the following detailed description and accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional side view of an electronic package that contains a capacitor module attached to a semiconductive die;
FIG. 2 is a top view of two sheets of dielectric tape that have patterns of metal applied thereto;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a plurality of laminated dielectric sheets each having a pattern of metal;
FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing layers of metallization along a surface of the capacitor module;
FIG. 5 is a top view showing a plurality of gold bumps applied to the top surface of the semiconductive device;
FIG. 6 is a side view of FIG. 5.
Referring to the drawings more particularly by reference numbers, FIG. 1 shows a capacitor module 10 integrated into an electronic package 12. The package 12 includes a base plate 14 and a cover plate 16 that house a semiconductive die 18. The die is typically an integrated circuit ("IC"). The IC is coupled to a lead frame 20 which has a plurality of leads 22 that extend from the package. The leads 22 are typically soldered to a printed circuit board (not shown) as is known in the art. The die 18 and lead frame 20 are coupled together by wires 24. The wires 24 are typically assembled by either wire bonding individual wires (wire bonding), or attaching a lead supporting tape (TAB bonding), to the die 18 and lead frame 20.
The capacitor module 10 is attached to a first surface 26 of the integrated circuit 18. The IC is preferably a microprocessor which has a large number of transistors (not shown). The continuous high speed switching of the transistors creates an inductive effect that can degrade the overall performance of the processor. The capacitor module 10 is connected to the die to filter out the inductance effects of the IC. The module 10 must therefore have relatively high capacitance and low inductance values. In the preferred embodiment, the capacitor module has a capacitance ranging between 10 to 200 nF and an inductance value of about 1 pH.
FIGS. 2-4 show a method for constructing the capacitor module 10. There is initially provided sheets of cofirable dielectric ceramic material 26 which is commonly referred to as green tape. In the preferred embodiment the green tape 26 has a thickness of approximately 0.001 inches and a dielectric constant between 9 and 100. A layer of metal 28 is then applied to the sheets 26 in the patterns shown in FIG. 2. In the preferred embodiment the metal is a paste which is applied through a template (not shown). The applied metal paste is typically 0.0005 inches thick. Representative examples of the tape and metal are aluminum oxide (tape) and tungsten (paste), and niobium lead and oxygen (tape) and silver palladium (paste).
The sheets are patterned into either a plurality of power planes 28a or a plurality of ground planes 28b. Each power and ground plane has a plurality of tabs 30 that extend in opposite directions. After the paste is applied to the dielectric material, the tape is cut along the dotted lines shown to create a plurality of individual power and ground planes. The cutting process creates a number of planes which each have the ends of the tabs 30 at the edges of the tape.
As shown in FIG. 3, the individual planes are stacked in an alternating fashion so that a power plane 28a is followed by a ground plane 28b and the ground plane 28b is adjacent to a power plane 28a and so forth and so on. The planes are laminated together and cofired to create a rigid structure. In the preferred embodiment, 100 layers of tape are laminated together and have a resulting dielectric constant ranging from 1000-2000. The outer layers of dielectric are preferably 0.006 thick to provide a thick wall around the module.
As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, after the layers are laminated and fired, separate metallized areas 32 are formed adjacent to the tabs 30 of the planes. The metallized areas are formed on both sides of the modules. The tabs of the power and ground planes are staggered so that 6 of the metallized areas couple together the power planes and 6 of the metallized layers couple together the ground planes. In the preferred embodiment the areas of metal 32 are created by plating nickel and gold onto the module. As shown in FIG. 4, solder preforms 34 can be applied to the metal areas 32 on one side of the module. The preforms are preferably 65% gold and 35% tin by atomic weight.
To further reduce the electrical path and inductance of the module the corresponding power and ground planes can be coupled together with vias 36. As shown in FIG. 2 the vias 36 can be formed by applying an additional dot of metal paste 38 in the center of the tabs 30. A corresponding clearance hole 40 is punched in the tape so that the vias of the adjacent plane can extend therethrough. The vias of a power plane therefore extend through clearance holes of an adjacent ground plane and are attached to the power plane on the opposite side of the ground plane. Likewise, the vias of a ground plane extend through clearance holes in an adjacent power plane, to couple the ground plane to a correspond ground plane located on the opposite side of the power plane.
FIGS. 5 and 6 show a preferred method for coupling the capacitor module 10 to the die 18. The semiconductive die 18 will have a set of surface pads 42a along the edges of the die and another set located at an inner center portion of the die 42b. The outer pads 42a are coupled to the lead frame 20 with wires 24. A plurality of gold bumps 44 are applied to the center pads 42b.
In the preferred embodiment, the gold bumps 44 are formed by thermo/ultrasonically deforming the end of a gold wire until a gold ball 46 forms on the die. The wire is then cut to create the bump 46. The gold bumps 44 are preferable 0.004-0.008 inches high with a wire section 48 that is 0.001-0.002 inches above the ball section 46 of the bump. The wire section 48 provides a spring which will compensate for a lack of flatness of the module 10 and the die 18. The wire section 48 also provides an area for the solder preforms of the module to flow down onto the balls 46.
After the bold bumps 44 are formed, the module 10 is placed onto the die 18 and the two members are placed in an oven to reflow the bumps 44 and preforms 34 of the module 10. In the preferred embodiment, the oven set at approximately 310° C. To insure contact between the module and all of the gold bumps 44, a weight can be placed onto the module 10 before being placed into the oven. What is thus provided is a high capacitance/low inductance capacitor module 10 that is coupled directly to a semiconductive die 18. The attachment of the module 10 to the inner area of the die reduces the number of outer pads 42a required to couple the IC to the lead frame of the package. Reducing the number of pads, allows the pads to be spaced farther apart, thereby reducing the cost of producing the IC.
While certain exemplary embodiments have been described and shown in the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that such embodiments are merely illustrative of and not restrictive on the broad invention, and that this invention not be limited to the specific constructions and arrangements shown and described, since various other modifications may occur to those ordinarily skilled in the art.
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|US20070019365 *||14 Jul 2006||25 Ene 2007||Apurba Roy||Low Inductance Multilayer Capacitor|
|US20070133147 *||19 Dic 2006||14 Jun 2007||Avx Corporation||System and method of plating ball grid array and isolation features for electronic components|
|US20080105987 *||7 Nov 2007||8 May 2008||Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba||Semiconductor device having interposer formed on chip|
|US20080165469 *||3 Ene 2008||10 Jul 2008||Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co., Ltd.||Multilayer chip capacitor|
|US20100046135 *||27 Jun 2007||25 Feb 2010||Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd.||Electric element|
|DE10019840B4 *||20 Abr 2000||30 Oct 2008||Murata Mfg. Co., Ltd., Nagaokakyo-shi||Mehrschichtkondensator, dessen Verwendung als Entkopplungskondensator und eine Verdrahtungsplatine mit dem Mehrschichtkondensator|
|EP0716449A2 *||6 Dic 1995||12 Jun 1996||Sun Microsystems, Inc.||Method for direct attachment of an on-chip bypass capacitor in an integrated circuit|
|Clasificación de EE.UU.||361/306.2, 361/303, 257/724, 29/25.42, 361/306.3|
|Clasificación internacional||H01L23/64, H01G4/232|
|Clasificación cooperativa||H01L2224/73207, H01L2224/05554, H01L24/45, H01L2924/00014, Y10T29/435, H01L24/48, H01L24/49, H01L2924/30107, H01L2924/01322, H01L2924/09701, H01L2924/01078, H01L2924/19041, H01L23/642, H01L2224/49175, H01L2924/14, H01L2224/48247, H01L2924/01079, H01L2924/19104, H01L2924/01033, H01L2924/01041, H01L2924/01082, H01L2924/01074, H01L24/73, H01L2924/01046, H01L2924/01013, H01G4/232, H01L2924/01006, H01L2924/01047, H01L2924/01005, H01L2224/45144, H01L2924/10253|
|Clasificación europea||H01L24/73, H01G4/232, H01L23/64C|
|30 Jun 1993||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: INTEL CORPORATION, CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BHATTACHARYYA, BIDDYUT K.;MALLIK, DEBENDRA;YU, YOU Y.;REEL/FRAME:006623/0397;SIGNING DATES FROM 19930621 TO 19930624
|17 Dic 1996||CC||Certificate of correction|
|28 May 1998||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4
|28 May 2002||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 8
|18 Jun 2002||REMI||Maintenance fee reminder mailed|
|14 Jun 2006||REMI||Maintenance fee reminder mailed|
|29 Nov 2006||LAPS||Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees|
|23 Ene 2007||FP||Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee|
Effective date: 20061129 | <urn:uuid:5e89af10-7056-49f0-a57a-314cc00eb182> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.google.es/patents/US5369545?dq=flatulence | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719784.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00426-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.719829 | 6,293 | 1.8125 | 2 |
Yes and no. Yes, prayer can cure sickness. In prayer we ask God to extend help, especially when we feel helpless. God answers prayers, often providing what we ask, sometimes not, but always giving what is best-even if that answer hurts. God heals the sick. Jesus showed us that in person. Healing is a miracle, though medical science plays its part, too. It’s important to remember that God, not our prayer to God, is the healing agent.
But there is a sickness God does not heal, the sickness that leads to death. We all die. Our sicknesses are not cured forever, or else we would be immortal. God reserves that ultimate healing miracle for heaven, where no sickness or death puts grief or closure on our joy together with God.
Sometimes sickness persists despite prayer. Chronic headaches never go away, cancer spreads slowly, a nervous disorder evades diagnosis. Faced with that kind of sickness, we should continue to pray in faith that God will answer powerfully. Sickness, like every other part of life, should be our proving ground faith where we grow to depend on God’s good will for us, at the same time asking for courage to endure the trials of human experience.
JAMES 5:15- And the prayer of faith shall save the sick, and the Lord shall raise him up: and if he have committed sins they shall be forgiven him. | <urn:uuid:f66de0ec-5069-441b-8452-c0f717afdc50> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://jesusway4you.com/2019/02/22/can-prayer-cure-sickness/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.928326 | 289 | 1.640625 | 2 |
Explorer, Software Architect, Behavior Designer
I learn how people use their technologies and design new ways to connect them with what they want to do. I create technologies to connect us with purpose in everyday activities to positively influence our mind, body, and relationships.
Frank actively looks for adventures involving interesting places, spicy foods and bold coffee. He stays sane with power naps and long distance running.
Frank Chen is a Forward Deployed Engineer at Palantir Technologies. He focuses on creating world class products to transform how organizations use data. Frank has worked in healthcare, energy and consumer packaged goods with Palantir. Prior, Frank led a front-end team to launch AWS WorkDocs, the first multi-platform service at Amazon Web Services. At Sandia National Labs, Frank researched visualization and analysis tools for very large datasets. He received a M.S. in Computer Science focused in Human-Computer Interaction from Stanford. Frank's thesis studied how the design / psychology of exergaming interventions might produce effective health outcomes. With the Stanford Prevention Research Center, Frank developed mobile health interventions based on behavioral theories. He prototyped Tiny Habits with BJ Fogg and worked in the Persuasive Technology Lab. He received a B.S. in Computer Science from UCLA. Frank researched networked systems and image processing with the Center for embedded Networked Systems. With the Rand Corporation, he built systems to support group decision-making.160 words | <urn:uuid:2cf84e1f-02c7-441b-aedc-48d4b4c8c249> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://frankc.net/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280310.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00188-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.937232 | 293 | 1.585938 | 2 |
WOCE Sea Level, WSL (2006): Hourly sea level from coastal tide gauge station Acajutla in 1996 (Research quality database). Sea Level Center, University of Hawaii, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.433120
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Latitude: 13.583300 * Longitude: -89.833300
Date/Time Start: 1996-01-01T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1996-12-31T23:00:00
8784 data points | <urn:uuid:c34b5266-9491-4bae-9423-b21a089f2d48> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.433120 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00074.warc.gz | en | 0.666144 | 170 | 1.90625 | 2 |
'Bath Salts' Drugs Led to 23,000 ER Visits in One Year: U.S. Report
These stimulants are especially dangerous when combined with other drugs, expert says
TUESDAY, Sept. 17 (HealthDay News) -- Street drugs called "bath salts" were linked to nearly 23,000 emergency department visits in the United States in 2011, a new report says.
Bath salts are amphetamine-like stimulants that have become increasingly popular among recreational drug users in recent years. Despite the name, these synthetic drugs have nothing to do with the crystals you might sprinkle in a bathtub.
The U.S. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) report, released Tuesday, is the first national study to look at bath salts-related emergency department visits since the drugs appeared a few years ago.
"Although bath salts drugs are sometimes claimed to be 'legal highs' or are promoted with labels to mask their real purpose, they can be extremely dangerous when used," Dr. Elinore McCance-Katz, SAMHSA's chief medical officer, said in an agency news release.
"Bath salts drugs can cause heart problems, high blood pressure, seizures, addiction, suicidal thoughts, psychosis and, in some cases, death -- especially when combined with the use of other drugs," she noted.
The report said that 67 percent of emergency department visits linked to bath salts also involved the use of another drug. Fifteen percent of the visits involved the use of bath salts with marijuana or synthetic forms of marijuana.
In 2011, there were nearly 2.5 million U.S. emergency department visits involving drug misuse or abuse, according to the report.
The bath salts report is based on data from the 2011 Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN) report. DAWN is a public health surveillance system that monitors drug-related hospital emergency department visits and drug-related deaths in the United States.
The U.S. National Institute on Drug Abuse has more about bath salts.
Copyright © 2013 HealthDay. All rights reserved. | <urn:uuid:6df73ee3-08dd-4a2c-99a8-9eb63051cceb> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.healthmonitor.com/bath-salts-drugs-led-23000-er-visits-one-year-us-report | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281746.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00291-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95366 | 429 | 2.078125 | 2 |
My LCD only runs at 60Mhz at the resolution I am using.
By checking Vsync, is if forcing it to run at 60fps?
Also, by unchecking Vsync, what is it really doing?
- - rendering frames faster than the LCD can refresh?
- - Or is it trying to force the LCD to refresh at a higher frequency, which I assume could damage it?
01-18-2010, 08:20 PM
(This post was last modified: 01-19-2010, 12:53 AM by dr_thrax.)
First of all, don't use Vsync, use the frame limit option in config->cpu.
Vsync put a lot of stress on the GPU and in some cases will reduce your fps and/or introduce input lag.
Vsync does not limit fps to 60. Instead, it synchronizes the frames to the refresh cycles of your monitor.
So let's say your fps is actually higher than 60. Vsync will tell your GPU to stop at 60 frames, store the remaining frames in VRAM (video RAM), and wait for the next refresh cycle of the monitor. The problem is you only have a limited amount of VRAM and an increasing amount of frames to be stored. As a result, you get less fps, because your GPU have little to no VRAM to work with.
The frame limit option in cpu is different. It literally tells the emulator to render at a specific amount of fps. The default is 60, but you can change it to whatever.
Onwards to the other question. No, running at a frame rate higher than your monitor refresh rate won't damage your monitor. What happens is your GPU gives a whole bunch of frames for your monitor to display. If the monitor does not refresh in time for all of the frames, it will display whatever it refreshes in time for (i.e. half of this frame and half of that frame, or whatever combination you can think of). That is called tearing. Vsync removes tearing, but is demanding.
And that covers that. Phew.
Almost forgot. It's 60Hz not MHz, because then that would be 60,000,000 fps.
Nappa: Vegeta! What does the scouter say about his power level?
Vegeta: It's...one thousand and six.
Vegeta: Yeah! Beat him up Nappa!
08-19-2010, 04:01 AM
(This post was last modified: 08-27-2010, 06:02 AM by candyjob34.)
Base on my experience, V-sync limits your FPS to 60. You cannot have more than 60 FPS if V-sync is enabled. But I am not sure if it can be lowered than that.
The Good Doctor pretty much summed it up.
All I have to add are some quirks with V-Sync that are specific to PCSX2.
I have 1 GB of RAM on my Vee Dee Ooh (That's Video) card.
I run GSdx @ 3x. (The same thing described below happens @ native, too)
In just about every RPG made for the PS2 and released in America, enabling V-Sync causes major slowdowns when the polygon count gets too high, on my PC.
All I own are RPGs...
Anyway, in some games, this can be counteracted by setting the SpeedHack called VU Cycle Stealing to "2". However, it's not 100% effective and can cause other issues, like the game crashing, or producing garbage onscreen. Also, sometimes you'll still get FPS drops.
Also, for some reason, FFX in particular HATES having v-sync on.
It messes with the spoken dialogue, and causes major slowdowns in many areas.
However, don't lose hope!
I'm confident that a future revision of PCSX2, and/or a new Graphics Plugin will be made, that will eliminate screen tearing in games that didn't exhibit such behavior when played on the actual PS2 Hardware.
It's only a matter of time.
My PCSX2 Rig:Windows XP x32 & Windows 7 x64.
i5 2500k @ 4.0 GHz.
nVIDIA GTX 460 1 GB.
>Dun Click Here
08-19-2010, 04:43 AM
(This post was last modified: 08-19-2010, 05:02 AM by nosisab Ken Keleh.)
Actually vsync is a signal that forces the video card to match the monitor sweeping value. That's to grant the image will be correct without (I can't recall the correct word) partial sliding and shifts. In a way it's more a memento of the CRT tubes days and used on TV standards.
It would not prevent the card to write it's buffer more times if it can be done without losing the sync. The bad news is when the video card can't achieve (fill the buffer) the nominal value (60hz in that case) so it will refrain from writing it's buffer until it can be done together with the vsync signal, that means it will reduce the FPS by a greater amount, not seldom to half that nominal value (let's say it will write at each 2 vsync signals, 30FPS in this case).
If the game (any graphic application actually) presents image distortions it may be need to use the vsync but it's not that common and normally it should be kept set off.
The bottom line it's the Vsync can't force the FPS up but almost certainly will force it down. The only reason for it is to grant the image correctness, what is not always a real necessity.
Imagination is where we are truly real
I noticed myself in Split Second Velocity if I turn on VSync the screen got way more saturation, while turned off it's gone, but V-Sync has to do indeed that it locks your fps on PC Games towards 60, 75 or whatever the refresh rate is of your monitor. | <urn:uuid:5dd86d7e-07a1-43a8-b8c6-9e0c56b398e3> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://forums.pcsx2.net/Thread-Vsync-and-LCD-at-60Mhz | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00263-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.935122 | 1,259 | 1.953125 | 2 |
This was supposed to be another one of the “find the maiden name of a female ancestor using more roundabout methods”, but I tried this with three more female ancestors, and got blocked by missing death records in Limbaži and Matīši. Now, there is still hope, using records on-site at the Latvian State Historical Archives, but since I’m not there right now (though I will be next month!), I have to put them on hold for now.
We still have a female ancestor though! Today’s ancestor is Anna Ronis (or possibly Bonis), born 1817 and died 1904. She is my great-great-great-great-grandmother by way of my paternal grandmother’s paternal grandmother, Karoline Matilde Baburs.
My first record of Anna is her marriage to Ādams Baburs in the Suntaži Lutheran Church on June 14, 1842. This record states her surname is Ronis, and that she is from the farm called “Roņi” – and thus her surname would make a lot of sense, since surname acquisition would have taken place when she was a young girl. “Ronis” means “seal” in Latvian – how a family acquired the name of a sea animal when they lived almost 100km from the coast, I don’t know, but that’s how it was. After the birth of my great-great-great-grandfather Mārtiņš, the family moved to Stopiņi estate near the Daugava, and then eventually to Rīga, where they were a part of the worker social class. According to the tax lists, Anna died on November 10, 1904.
There is some confusion as to her surname though – while the marriage record clearly says Ronis, the tax lists clearly say Bonis. When in doubt, I’d go with the earlier record, since that is closer to the actual event of her birth, but who really knows? Since her birth pre-dates surnames, I can’t take that route, my only hope is finding a family to fit her into in Suntaži, which unfortunately has not happened, despite my best efforts. I could be looking on the wrong estate, there’s a chance that the Roņi farm might not be a part of Suntaži estate, and instead some other nearby one. It is something that I’ll look into when I can see some estate maps at the archives. Just another thing to add to the list!
The tax lists are the best resources out there for late 19th century Rīga research. More detailed than revision lists and easier to find than 1897 All-Russia census records, they are a fantastic resource. Unlike the census, they have the great advantage of indexes – as long as you know what social class they belonged to, and you’re at the archives, because the index books are enormous and sometimes require two people to lift (if you need someone else to do the heavy lifting for you, you know how to contact me!). In addition to providing birth and death information into the early 20th century, they will often also mention where a family was originally from, if they weren’t Rīga-born (though not always). They mention religions, and details for the whole family. This is how I know that Anna and Ādams’ son Ermanis converted to the Baptist faith. What they don’t do is mention where the family lived, but I guess you can’t have everything?
Have you had any success with the tax lists? Need help figuring out what social class (estate) your ancestors were from? Share in comments! | <urn:uuid:3d20c6ea-b38e-4c55-b3ee-dde2d8e63dce> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.celmina.com/genealogy/2014/06/52-ancestors-22-anna-ronis-bonis/comment-page-1/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00431-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.975721 | 796 | 1.875 | 2 |
Speaking before the meeting, Stephen Farry stated: “Both parts of Ireland have benefited enormously from their relationship with the United States. Ireland is not part of its strategic foreign policy interests, but has a place of prominence due to the their huge social, economic and cultural, and US domestic politics.
“While it has not always been the case, the United States has on balance benefited the Northern Ireland peace process. Pressure from the Bush Administration in the aftermath contributed to delivering the first act of IRA decommissioning, and has also helped to create a focus away from limited definitions of ceasefires to support for the rule of law and signing up to policing.
“Private money has been put to mixed ends. For example, Community Restorative Justice schemes have been bankrolled from America and hence been allowed to escape formal regulation. On the other hand, generous Americans have recently stepped in to fund integrated schools when our own government failed to do so.
“In coming years, the demographics of America will change, and it will also look more and more away from Europe towards Latin America and Asia. Tensions may also arise from Ireland’s different position on many foreign policy issues facing the United States.
“Greater efforts will be required to maintain relationships. In particular, it is crucial that Northern Ireland political parties do not squander the opportunity presented to them to restore the political institutions.” | <urn:uuid:8710dc14-67ed-49ee-8d2a-369776ba78bb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://archive.allianceparty.org/farry-comments-on-us-ireland-relations/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00675.warc.gz | en | 0.961253 | 289 | 2.03125 | 2 |
Making your won leeson plan according to the school teaching materials
Planning and delivering lessons to kids(age 3-6 years old)
Using electronic media and course ware to teach English effectively
Evaluating student progress and providing ongoing duidance for improvement
Participating in social activities with students organized by school
Improve teaching skills and encourage the kids to implement questions
Co-operating with the Chinese teachers
• Native English speaker or anon-native with a good accent.
• Bachelor degree
• Honest open-minded easy-going, and responsible.
• TEFL or TESOL holders
• No Criminal History
• Flexible and Outgoing attitude.
• Between the age of 22-45 and in good health.
• Competitive monthly salaries.
• Visa application instructions and assistance before arrival in China.
• Airfare bonus awarded at the completion of a contract.
• Free housing or 3000 RMB housing allowance per month.
• Chance of Free Chinese lessons, 2 hours per week.
• Airport pick up.
• Teaching training throughout the year.
• 11 days public holidays/year (excluding required make-up days); two days off/week.
• Bonus for introducing new teachers after registration and working.
• Free lunch in the school. | <urn:uuid:09b6322e-2240-46e2-af7d-f71e55517bf3> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.laowaicareer.com/jobs/kindergarten-teaching-job-in-beijing-1276 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280899.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00577-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.8836 | 266 | 1.921875 | 2 |
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Are Plastic Drinking Water Bottles Safe?We've been assured for the past decade or so that the best drinking water from our neighborhood water systems in the nation is potentially full of toxic chemicals like lead, chlorine, mercury, copper and bacteria. We've read frightening stories about municipal water systems being polluted by sewage systems. As a result, people got used to bottled drinking water as a safer and safer choice to ordinary tap water. Now we're learning that bottled drinking water isn't as good for us as we believed. Firstly there's the container itself. That handy plastic water bottle we've gotten used to carrying around with us is often made from plastics that bear cancer-producing toxins named phthalates. They really leach into the water that we're drinking and accumulate in our bloodstreams. Reports are showing that the concentrations of phthalates in our bodies are increasing with each generation, principally as a result of bottled drinking water packaged in to
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Stainless Steel Water Bottles - What Are the Advantages of Using Stainless Steel Water BottlesWhen it comes to buying a drink bottle there are many alternatives, most of which can be compared and bought online, but the most popular type is increasingly being purchased is the stainless steel water bottle. There is a long list of advantages for using such bottles, including durability and reusability, but the real benefits of such bottles become apparent when they are compared to other bottles made of different materials like plastic and aluminum. Top quality manufacturers of reusable bottles have begun designing and manufacturing stainless steel water bottles after replace plastic and aluminium bottle alternatives that are currently on the market. Stainless steel, and particularly 304 grade (or 18/8), is one of the most hygienic materials available, so hygienic in fact that the same material is often used in the manufacture of surgical equipment and kitchen utensils. These bottles therefore have the advantage of reducing the risk of wa | <urn:uuid:e841bf66-1ba7-40f7-954c-2fa8e2a36346> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.sz-wholesale.com/Search-Result/glossy-solid/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280410.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00453-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.969741 | 1,104 | 1.515625 | 2 |
By Trevor Busch
National unity has always been a complex issue in Canada, and it isn’t just because of our vast geography and low population — which often seems to coalesce into a fondness for small-minded regionalism — but stems from something deeper, more profound, and as many historians, sociologists, and political scientists have discovered, it is extremely difficult to put a finger on, if not impossible.
One explanation is probably our history: we lack many of the great revolutions, wars of independence, declarations of rights or oppressive tyrannies that have defined many of our neighbours down through the centuries. These events in a nation’s formative years seem to transmit to future generations a sense of place and mission, a oneness and a shared foundational myth. In Canada, by contrast, in keeping with the stoic British values of Peace, Order and Good Government — writ large — we witnessed a bureaucratic-like birth of a nation based largely on expediency, pressure from our colonial masters in London, trumped up fears about crazy militant Irish Fenians across the border, and a perfect storm battalion of upper crust Canadian legislators reared in the British tradition who in many ways felt Confederation was just the thing to do at the time. While that is obviously a dangerous oversimplification, in broad strokes it isn’t really that far off the mark.
The cracks that have appeared in that glorious remembering — at the time in 1867, and in the years and decades that have followed — have often been papered over as anomalies, or dismissed as the transgressions of traitorous lunatics who want to cast down the sacrosanct principles of Confederation for something less perfect. But the truth of the matter is rather something else entirely. Today, we see the overt manifestations of disunity — the ‘Wexit’ movement, and now a resurgent Bloc Quebecois in Parliament — but so-called ‘separatism’ has been around for a long time in Canada. The only difference is there are now growing voices in the wilderness suggesting that the deal forged at Confederation — still considered a ‘hands-off’ sacred cow in Canadian history — might not have been all it was cracked up to be.
With only rare exceptions in Canada, historians have always attempted to interpret the events of Confederation in the best possible light. Most students are still taught a version of history consistent with the notion of Canada as a progressive democracy and the ‘founding fathers’ as pillars of integrity and vision. We know today, for instance, that there was a lot more sordid backroom deals and manipulation involved than most would care to admit. What is remarkable is in considering the many questions surrounding unity that have dogged the nation since 1867, there has been a reluctance — even a bull-headedness — about re-examining the now-gilded events that led to that conclusion. The traditional interpretation, that Confederation was the product of specific political, economic and military problems in the 1860s, to which national unification offered solutions — has almost never been challenged.
It has only been in recent years that conservative interpretations of this nation-building myth have begun to dissipate. For decades, original opponents of Confederation were condemned for parochialism, negativism, cynicism, lack of vision and ignorance of the theory behind it. More recently, though, we’ve come to realize that the anti-Confederates had a perfectly legitimate case. It’s largely forgotten or ignored today that the Maritime colonies — Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, and later P.E.I.— were far from enthusiastic about the proposal, and Newfoundland wanted virtually nothing to do with it. Those colonies knew that the union was largely in the interests of the Province of Canada (what became Ontario and Quebec) and that they would become subsumed and weakened voices within that union based on population and economic factors. Due to a series of complex issues at the time (including the dangled plum of an Intercolonial Railway) they felt compelled to join Confederation, but they detested its terms. Now more than a 125 years after the fact, would any Canadian now seriously argue that the Maritimes haven’t become exactly what their leaders feared in 1867 — a politically-impotent afterthought for Ottawa?
And this is of course ignoring two other players that (in a perfect world, but not that of the 19th century) probably should have been at the table and never got a say: Western Canada (then Rupert’s Land, basically a Hudson’s Bay Company fiefdom), and British North America’s indigenous peoples. Not to mention the provinces that have joined since, who were never able to question the fundamental and structural aspects of the union and Confederation itself, but simply had to weld themselves onto a rigidly inflexible model. Nor was Confederation a popular mandate, or a grassroots swell from below. There is little concrete evidence to be found of public support for nation-building during the 1860s. In fact, the imposition of Confederation without consulting the people through a vote — usually explained away by the doctrine of parliamentary supremacy — has never really been explored for its anti-democratic implications.
We like to think of history as peopled by men of integrity unsullied by the grasping selfishness and lack of values we can see around us every day. Transversely, we know this interpretation of the past can only be a version of the truth corrupted by fictional yearnings for what we would like it to be, not what it actually is. We tend to bristle when anyone might suggest that Canada’s national unification was a goal pursued by self-interested politicians who manipulated the political process to their own ends. At the same time, we must now know that this was at least part of the story.
One of the paradoxes of this often bruised marriage is how we tend to marginalize the outrage of others in our union. Speak of Quebec separatism to many a Western Canadian, for instance, and you’re likely to hear a tirade about the privileged Quebecers who should be considered ‘traitors to the nation’ for their paltry and outrageous demands. Ask about Western separatism, on the other hand, and you’re much more likely to hear a passionate argument about how Ottawa has wronged us since inception and is guilty of sins beyond all measure, and little to nothing about being ‘traitors to the nation.’ Setting that hypocritical conundrum aside for a moment, there’s no doubt that professing yourself as a committed federalist in Alberta in 2020 might not win you a lot of friends in this province’s fetid atmosphere of Ottawa-bashing, pipeline politics and Wexit woes. That’s a sad indictment for anyone that chooses to refer to themselves as ‘Canadian’ in a country where asymmetrical federalism appears to be getting way too asymmetrical. And it would have shocked and appalled those who forged the nation together along, albeit imperfect, lines back in 1867.
Beyond the Confederation debate and whether a particular province might have got a raw deal, it is difficult to see what benefits independence might have that wouldn’t also saddle a new nation with more — and in some cases hugely larger — problems than it already has as a province within Canada. In a larger global context, now does not appear to be the time to be seeking devolution of power to a series of weaker regional geographical entities, such as Quebec or Western Canada. In an era when old alliances are slipping away, new powers are rising, and unilateralism is the new byword of authoritarian regimes, do we really want to try to defend our vast territory with our proportionally minuscule population against powerful aggressors who might view our resource wealth with envious eyes? Should we count on a post-Trump America to sweep in and defend our interests, or would they just occupy us as the new northern frontier of a neo-manifest destiny America? And what about currency, share of the national debt, foreign policy and a thousand other questions? Would we exchange the problems the Wexit movement are so hot and bothered about for a plethora of others on an international scale that might be even more unsolvable?
When it comes to Confederation in Canada, until recently revisionist interpretations have been virtually non-existent. Even more baffling, during the constitutional debates in the late 1970s and early 1980s, there was little thought given to non-traditional interpretations of the British North America Act. In short, Confederation was never perfect. And it still isn’t. But while the national myth has been compartmentalized and pre-packaged and served up to generations with a side of maple syrup, that doesn’t mean we aren’t ready for a big historical shake-up and a wider debate about the legal glue that still meshes us all together. | <urn:uuid:d92b762e-6ebd-49dc-b38c-80387e8e1391> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.vauxhalladvance.com/blog/2020/03/05/unity-debate-as-old-as-confederation/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572215.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815235954-20220816025954-00667.warc.gz | en | 0.968722 | 1,845 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Prediction of Pacemaker Requirements in Patients with Unexplained Syncope: the DROP Score
Summary by Alex Voskoboinik
Syncope is a common presentation encountered by physicians in both the acute and ambulatory setting, and is a frequent presentation in the elderly population. While syncope is frequently encountered by cardiologists, the diagnostic approach to identify cardiogenic syncope can be varied, challenging and resource intensive, and may involve a multitude of investigations including tilt table testing and use of implantable loop recorder. While clinical and electrophysiologic features suggestive of cardiogenic syncope have been well-demonstrated in contemporary literature, there is an absence of a simple syncope risk score readily accessible to clinicians to assist in identifying cardiogenic syncope and subsequent requirement for permanent pacing. Current syncope risk scores, such as the San Francisco Syncope Rule and EGSYS score have not been validated for use outside the Emergency Department.
In this study of 100 consecutive patients receiving implantable loop recorder, 50 of whom underwent pacemaker insertion due to bradyarrhythmias detected on implantable loop recorder and 50 of whom did not have any arrhythmias detected for >3 years, four significant predictors of bradycardic syncope were identified. These were incorporated into the DROP score: Distal conduction disease, Related historical predisposing or precipitating factors absent, Older age >65 years and PR interval prolongation >200ms. Of significance, higher DROP scores strongly predicted requirement of permanent pacing in time-to-event analysis. The DROP score may be of benefit in identifying patients that are likely to benefit from upfront pacemaker insertion following unexplained syncope.
Xiaoman Xiao, MBBS; Jeremy William, MBBS; Peter M. Kistler, MBBS, PhD; Stephen Joseph, MBBS, PhD; Hitesh C. Patel, MBBS, PhD; Gautam Vaddadi, MBBS, PhD; Jonathan M. Kalman, MBBS, PhD; Justin A. Mariani, MBBS, PhD; Aleksandr Voskoboinik, MBBS, PhD.
Published: March 31, 2022 DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2022.03.002 | <urn:uuid:9208c1da-7f4a-455b-8912-ce4675312a31> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.csanz.edu.au/prediction-of-pacemaker-requirements-in-patients-with-unexplained-syncope-the-drop-score/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.897963 | 475 | 1.914063 | 2 |
Techniques are presented herein that support an optimized approach to deploying and re-deploying aerial edge nodes to dynamically meet fluctuating network needs, thus ensuring a better utilization and reuse of network resources. Aspects of the presented techniques include providing an Unmanned Aerial Edge Node (UA-EN) that may be managed by an Aerial Edge Orchestrator (AEO) in which the AEO can serve as a ‘single pane of glass’ for the deployment, management, and teardown of UA-ENs. The AEO may employ an automated workflow to provision UA-ENs, over a secure communication channel, to direct them, as needed, to congested locations. The AEO may also ensure the teardown and return, recharging, and reuse of UA-ENs through automated workflows and computations. UA-ENs themselves have the built-in intelligence to detect and avoid obstacles in real time (e.g., by overriding a provisioned flight path during flight), are able to establish mesh-based communication with enterprise wireless deployments, and may switch between satellite, Long-Term Evolution (LTE), and wireless backhauls.
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Katgeri, Sudha; Rasheed, Lubna; and Jayaraj, Jasna, "AERIAL EDGE ORCHESTRATOR", Technical Disclosure Commons, (March 14, 2022) | <urn:uuid:9f066990-ff23-4d8f-a65f-f0e0bf0a4fb8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.tdcommons.org/dpubs_series/4967/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572215.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815235954-20220816025954-00670.warc.gz | en | 0.899402 | 329 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Written by tutor Laurie C.
Polyatomic ions are just what their names imply. They are many (“poly”) atomed (“atomic”) ions. Simply, they are ions with more than one element in them. If you’re reading this then you still may not be seeing difference between a regular ion and a polyatomic ion. So let’s look at a regular ion and a poly atomic ion side-by-side.
|Regular Ion: Chlorine Ion||Polyatomic Ion: Chlorate|
The regular ion has just one element, Chlorine, in it. The polyatomic ion has two elements, Chlorine and Oxygen, in it. A good way to recognize that there are two elements in the polyatomic is to see that there are two capital letters in the ion’s formula. All the elements on the periodic table start with a capital letter and only some of them have a second letter that is lower case. So if you see two capital letters together in a ion then you will know that it is a polyatomic. Just like capitals are used to shout in texts, polyatomic ions shout at you to recognize they are there.
Your chemistry teacher or tutor have been bugging the quarks out of you to memorize or at least know the polyatomic ions by sight so you can look them up on a table provided in your exams. Let’s see a list of common polyatomic ions and how they can be grouped to make them easier to recognize. I like to group them by charge and then by patterns in naming that we will discuss next.
|Word Formula||Chemical Formula|
|Acetate||C2H3O2– (Sometimes looks like CH3COOH–)|
These little pains in the beaker are one of the most frustrating things to deal with in beginning chemistry due to the similar sounding but different –ite and –ate endings. Students try to attribute a number of oxygen atoms to these –ite and –ate endings but that is not the case. Just check out the difference between Nitrate, Nitrite, Sulfate and Sulfite. Let’s think of them as two different families of polyatomic ions.
|Nitrogen family||Sulfur family|
After examining these two families of polyatomic ions we can come up with a general rule for the –ite and –ate endings.
- The –ite ending is given to the polyatomic ion family member with fewer oxygen atoms (think of them being the crazy family member who has a little less wits than the others)
- The –ate ending is given to the polyatomic ion family member with more oxygen atoms (the rocket scientist of the family who has the most wits)
Most of the polyatomics are easy to memorize except for the Chlorine, Nitrogen, and Sulfur families. Those are the ones that have the interesting family dynamics. Everyone else in the polyatomic bunch are pretty average. Let’s examine the Chlorine family.
We can look at the Chlorine family as all siblings made by Father Chlorine and Mother Oxygen. There are four children in the Chlorine family, they all have a negative charge (You can think of the negative sign as making them all blond haired or some physical attribute that allows you to pick them out of a crowd with ease). You can remember them easier as people that you give personalities too. Let’s say that Perchlorate is the eldest and is currently attending MIT to get a degree in rocket science so he can lead the first expedition to mine asteroids. Make up any story you like so that you can remember them because, just like people you meet at parties, you will get them mixed up as you are meeting them now all together but will run into them later separately.
Other than those three families the rest of the polyatomic ions have to be recognized by memorization alone. Just treat them all like people you have met at a party. On flashcards you can even draw up little pictures of what each of these guests look like so as to help you remember them. One thing is for sure, your success in chemistry will rest heavily on being able to recognize them again when they confront you on exams. | <urn:uuid:9173b1eb-76f0-4d8d-937e-57338d7ed42f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wyzant.com/resources/lessons/science/chemistry/polyatomic-ions/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.933761 | 1,169 | 4.1875 | 4 |
A database of building heights for the main conurbations of the UK, acquired by the Landmap project from The GeoInformation Group's Cities Revealed project. The height information is derived principally from the Cities Revealed LiDAR or Modern aerial imagery (see linked datasets). Each building block has three values: base of building above sea level, top of the building above sea level and height of building above local ground level. Accurate to +/- 0.5m with 95% confidence limits.
The Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC) funded Landmap service which ran from 2001 to July 2014 collected and hosted a large amount of earth observation data for the majority of the UK, part of which was buildings data. After removal of JISC funding in 2013, the Landmap service is no longer operational, with the data now held at the NEODC.
When using these data please also add the following copyright statement: Cities Revealed © The GeoInformation Group yyyy
No news update for this record
|Previously used record identifiers:||
Restricted data: please submit an application using the REQUEST ACCESS link for access.
Use of these data is covered by the following licence: http://licences.ceda.ac.uk/image/data_access_condition/landmap.pdf. When using these data you must cite them correctly using the citation given on the CEDA Data Catalogue record.
Data collected and prepared by the Landmap team before a copy of the data was obtained by NEODC directly from Landmap.
Data are available as shapefiles, which comprise of .shp, .shx and .dbf files. shp - shape format; the feature geometry itself shx - shape index format; a positional index of the feature geometry to allow seeking forwards and backwards quickly dbf - attribute format; columnar attributes for each shape, in dBase IV format Also provided are prj, sbn, sbx and xml files. prj - projection format; the coordinate system and projection information, a plain text file describing the projection sbn and sbx - a spatial index of the features xml - location and other associated information Free software can be used to open shapefiles, such as Quantum GIS (QGIS) or User-friendly Desktop Internet GIS (uDig) - see links on this record.
|UNDEFINED instrument associated with platform: The Geoinformation Group (TGG) Survey Aircraft||Deployed on: The Geoinformation Group (TGG) Survey Aircraft|
Mobile platform operations
|Mobile Platform Operation 1||Mobile Platform Operation for: The Geoinformation Group (TGG) Survey Aircraft| | <urn:uuid:288b824e-ce80-401c-b59a-6c39d5497fd3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/uuid/e1449eac35108b49d3a0af26bb6d2060 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00676.warc.gz | en | 0.825533 | 664 | 2.4375 | 2 |
Learn how you are NOT what you eat
Although we’re commonly told ‘You are what you eat’, we are, in fact, only what we digest.
And according to research, many of us are not digesting very well. Join the author of You Are NOT What You Eat: How Digestive Problems Might be Making You Sick for a fascinating look at how to improve one of your body’s most vital functions – digestion.
This program will be presented at the Campbell River Branch of the Vancouver Island Regional Library, on Wednesday, Nov. 14, from 6:30-7:30 pm. The author first spoke at the library last summer, but his presentation was so popular that he has offered to return for those unable to attend the first time.
Whistler BC author Van Clayton Powel is a former nurse who specialized in addictions treatment and emergency psychiatric assessments.
He also spent years in Asia training in traditional medical systems, martial arts, yoga, and meditation. Inspired by his own battle with chronic digestive problems, Powel was surprised to find the solution not in what he ate, but in how he ate-an approach that had been used successfully in Asia for thousands of years, yet fits in perfectly with the latest medical science.
“We keep blaming foods for our digestive problems,” says Powel,” – wheat, dairy, gluten, meat, etc. I’m convinced a huge part of the equation is not the food, but our damaged and ineffective digestive systems. In my case, my digestive problems were so bad I thought I was going to have to survive on a diet of white rice and a few steamed vegetables for the rest of my life. Today I can eat anything I want without a problem, and all my symptoms have disappeared.”
Powel is the founder of Mind Body Fitness, Inc., and has taught advanced health and fitness techniques to thousands of clients, including Olympic athletes and coaches, the Canadian National Snowboard Team, and corporations like VISA and Intrawest.
His website at http://youarenotwhatyoueat.com/home/ contains more information about his unique approach.
This is a free program at the Campbell River Library and all are welcome.
You can also check out the library’s website at www.virl.bc.ca to find more health resources in our catalogue and information databases. | <urn:uuid:5c74a443-58fc-4e56-bdbb-4f82d68a79e0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.campbellrivermirror.com/entertainment/177986681.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279169.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00212-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964953 | 497 | 2.125 | 2 |
Carol Kase has taught at the Creative Workshop since 2008. She is also a MAG docent who frequently takes her students into the museum so they can make connections between their artwork and artists’ work on exhibit.
She tells us “the best part about teaching at the MAG is the students—their curiosity, enthusiasm and excitement at discovering new ways to create and gain confidence in their artistic abilities.”
A favorite memory is from a summer class she taught to four- to six-year-olds. After exploring MAG’s outdoor penguin sculpture and large bird sculptures from a special exhibit, students created their own “magical birds” sculptures. Carol temporarily displayed the birds outdoors around the penguin sculpture, and invited the parents to find their children’s birds. The children and parents had a wonderful time sharing this art experience.
Artist photo by Rachael Baldanza. | <urn:uuid:43b6be85-e022-492a-9fb3-c52d0f4db069> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://mag.rochester.edu/creativeworkshop/carol-kase/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285315.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00572-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970972 | 185 | 1.617188 | 2 |
In order to understand the crisis in Venezuela, one must live it. There is no doubt about that. Last week, representatives of the polarized forces that are ripping that South American nation apart made their pilgrimage to Washington. Their only shared intention, it seems, was to act out their drama on a world stage.
If their words were any indication, a solution to the problem is as distant as ever. Each side has mastered the fine art of pointing the finger at the other. It is they, one said of the other, who have used a position of privilege to call for discord, violence and death. Both seemed determined not to make the least concession to the other, who, after all, was the true enemy of democracy.
Each side, of course, was making an effort to offer its best diagnosis of the crisis. If the symptoms are not recognized, Foreign Minister Roy Chaderton explained, how can one prescribe a cure?
True. Yet one was left with the impression that both were spending far more time, passion and talent revealing the depth of their suffering than seeking a salve to soothe it.
The two sides seemed to agree most on one complaint: The world fails to understand their dilemma. No surprise then that they both endorsed, as the first step of international response to a crisis that could no longer be ignored, the creation of a Group of Friends to take part in negotiations between the Venezuelan government and the opposition.
The group might satisfy that desire for international attention. But more critically, it should make everyone realize that world attention and understanding does not necessarily translate into adopting wholesale the view of one side or the other.
Various Washington analysts concurred this week that the group could be especially helpful in restoring confidence to the discussions and pressing Venezuelans to alter their apocalyptic rhetoric. It also could exert pressure to explore compromise solutions and help to reinforce them -- although it is hard to imagine any pressure greater than that imposed in the last two months by the Venezuelan opposition's devastating national strike.
It is too early to tell how successful the Friends will be. Somewhat predictably, the initial meeting of its foreign ministers and their deputies here last week ended with few concrete results.
More importantly, Brazilian Foreign Minister Celso Amorim, speaking on behalf of the six member states (Brazil, Chile, Spain, Mexico, Portugal and the United States), sent forth one very essential message: Solutions to the problems in Venezuela must come from Venezuelans.
That message may seem simplistic. Yet the point here is that the Group of Friends could prove to be useless especially if its existence becomes yet another excuse for inaction.
During the 1990s, many Colombians looked abroad for solutions. Worn down by an internal conflict that had spun out of control, many looked especially to the United States as the only source of hope for a solution. At the end of the day, however, with Washington unwilling to be the savior and their own internal crisis worsening, the Colombians seemed to recognize the need to do more for themselves.
In situations like the one in Venezuela, self-examination is not easy. It is easier, even comforting, to look abroad and grab convenient, predictable, ever-assuring allies. President Hugo ChM-avez seems to have just such a find in the Cuban leader Fidel Castro; and, curiously but not surprisingly, the Venezuelan opposition has found its own version of the same in Castro's archenemy -- the Cuban exile community, especially of Miami.
Castro and the exiles are neither friends in need nor friends in deed. Their approach to their own country's situation has resulted in a diplomatic impasse four decades long. Given the level of tension present now, Venezuela needs open minds on the sidelines, not cheerleaders. Of what value are friends more interested in pulling apart the two sides than bringing them together?
The intensity of Venezuela's strike appeared to be subsiding this week but this is no time to declare winners or losers. A true victory won't be something claimed but something gained. The Group of Friends might help Venezuelans realize the need for another type of sacrifice -- the one that brings them together instead of tearing them apart.
Write to Marcela Sanchez at The Washington Post, 1150 15th St. NW, Washington, DC 20071. E-mail her at email@example.com. | <urn:uuid:fa822e2d-09ad-4c4e-9bb3-dffc8e87ef8d> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/2003-01-31/news/0301300867_1_venezuelan-foreign-ministers-solutions | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718296.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00538-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961828 | 883 | 1.78125 | 2 |
A gemstone often confused with lapis lazuli is sodalite. True, sodalite is very similar to lazurite, which makes up most of lapis lazuli. Sodalite itself may also be found in lapis lazuli. However, sodalite is an entirely different gemstone, and is a mineral of its own. What is this sodalite stone? What metaphysical properties are attached to the sodalite gemstone?
Named after its sodium content, sodalite is a royal blue mineral closely related to lazurite, which makes up most of lapis lazuli. Sodalite itself is a component mineral of a lapis lazuli rock. While also occurring in green, yellow, violet and white, the most popular variety of the gemstone is blue sodalite, which exhibits white veins or patches of calcite, and often comes with violet tint. Unlike lapis lazuli, a sodalite rock bears no pyrite inclusion. A sodalite stone is relatively hard (5.5 to 6 in the Mohs scale) yet fragile. Discovered in 1811 in Greenland, the sodalite stone became important as ornamental stone only in 1891, with the discovery of a large deposit in Ontario, Canada.
A relatively new gemstone, sodalite is attributed with the powers of blue stones in general. In particular, sodalite crystal is said to hold the metaphysical properties of lapis lazuli, though on a milder level. A sodalite stone is believed to clear the mind and banish negative energy, thereby creating inner harmony and setting positive goals for the future.
Sodalite is a birthstone for Sagittarius in Hindu astrology. Sagittarius people are highly inquisitive folk, and the sodalite gemstone supports this nature by clearing their mind and cutting through illusions. In so doing, the sodalite gem deepens the spiritual awareness most important to the Sagittarius-born folk.
While occurring mostly as massive opaque rocks, sodalite also has fine crystals. Cut into cabochon, the fine sodalite crystal makes a great pendant for rings, earrings and necklaces; while an opaque sodalite stone is usually cut into beads, and fashioned into beaded necklaces and bracelets.
The value of sodalite depends on its quality. A fine sodalite crystal suitable for fine jewelry fetches a high price. While also well appreciated in beads, excellent craftsmanship in making sodalite stones into beaded jewelry increases the value of the gemstone even more.
Do you like sodalite?
Sodalite is a royal blue gemstone sprinkled with patches of white. A sodalite crystal is believed to bring about mental and spiritual clarity. Do you like sodalite? Do you like wearing the sodalite stone in your jewelry? | <urn:uuid:92f87223-73cb-4d83-8a55-06723e9dcd74> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://kamayojewelry.com/gemstones-names/sodalite-stone-of-clarity/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283689.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00355-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.922763 | 599 | 2.671875 | 3 |
John Nash (June 13, 1928 – May 23, 2015) was a mathematical genius who made fundamental contributions to game theory, differential geometry, and the study of partial differential equations, and the only person to be awarded both the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences and the Abel Prize. He displayed a passion for mathematics from an early age and proved the classic Fermat theorem about an integer multiplied by itself p times where p is a prime in high school. At the same time he also did electrical and chemistry experiments. He entered Carnegie Tech in Pittsburgh (now called Carnegie Mellon U.) on a full scholarship and eventually finished his studies in mathematics with a M. S. in addition to his B. S. when he graduated because of how good he was. While still at Carnegie (before enrolling at Princeton) he also took an elective course in "International Economics" and then wrote the paper "The Bargaining Problem" which was later published in Econometrica. As a graduate student at Princeton he then developed an interest in game theory studies, developed the idea which led to "Non-Cooperative Games", and also worked on manifolds and real algebraic varieties. He later worked at the mathematics faculty at M.I.T. from 1951 until 1959 (when he resigned) and in the same period managed to prove the isometric embeddability of abstract Riemannian manifolds in flat (or "Euclidean") spaces. He also worked on a problem involving partial differential equations (Hilbert's nineteenth problem, a theorem involving elliptic partial differential equations), but Ennio de Giorgi had been working on it too (without Nash's knowledge) and was the first to solve it. Around 1959 he started to develop symptoms of what was diagnosed as schizophrenia and what started a sad chapter of his life, just at the time when his wife Alicia found out to be pregnant. He was also hospitalized several times against his will. In the periods when he felt better he was still able to successfully work on his research. Nash is the subject of the well-received movie A Beautiful Mind. While in the past he was usually thought to have only suffered from schizophrenia, it is now believed that he also had Asperger's Syndrome. Prof. Michael Fitzgerald wrote a paper called Did the Nobel Prize Winner John Nash have Asperger’s Syndrome and Schizophrenia? and came indeed to the conclusion that Nash met the criteria for Asperger's Syndrome. Read more about this exceptional man in his own words or on his Wikipedia page.
We're Getting Mutants in the MCU - The Loop
Do you like this video? | <urn:uuid:877ecc86-70b9-4a28-83f8-0f6822d3221b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://the-genius-of-autism.fandom.com/wiki/John_Nash | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571719.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812140019-20220812170019-00267.warc.gz | en | 0.98331 | 545 | 2.84375 | 3 |
Her long, dark hair falls softly around her face, accenting her eyes, which are round and liquid.
In the Scherzo are chimes, accenting the tune of the dance, and even castanets, besides triangle and other percussion.
"She was my mother," said Benedetto, accenting the word was.
A possible variation of motive in band designing may be secured by accenting.
By accenting the height of the ridges the loess also adds to the scenery of the county.
Punctuation, hyphenation, capitalisation and accenting of common words has been corrected without note here.
What is the value of accenting the functional parts in clay design?
I have never met him,” corrected Elizabeth, accenting the “met.
"I order you to leave Petaca, at once," said Raul, accenting each word.
"I am very glad to see you," she said, accenting the adjective.
late 14c., "particular mode of pronunciation," from Middle French accent, from Old French acent (13c.), from Latin accentus "song added to speech," from ad- "to" (see ad-) + cantus "a singing," past participle of canere "to sing" (see chant (v.)). Loan-translation of Greek prosoidia, from pros- "to" + oide "song," which apparently described the pitch scheme in Greek verse. The decorating sense of "something that emphasizes or highlights" is from 1972.
"to pronounce with accent or stress," 1520s, from Middle French accenter, from Old French acenter, from accent (see accent (n.)). Related: Accented; accenting. | <urn:uuid:a7a7534f-f501-42ef-8e73-a36ec4a776dc> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.dictionary.com/browse/accenting | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279224.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00479-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947658 | 364 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Asthma is a respiratory condition, which involves spasms in the bronhi of the lungs, leading to difficulty in breathing.
Factors that trigger asthma include airborne allergens like mold, pollens, animal dander, coackroaches, cold air, physical exertion, air pollutants and irritants like smoke and smog, respiratory infections like common colds and cough, certain medications like beta blockers and ibuprofen, preservatives added to certain kinds of food and beverages, backing up of stomach acids into the throat (gastroesophageal reflux disease), strong emotions, among others. Asthma triggers vary from one person to another, as per Mayo Clinic.
According to the data in Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), one in 12 people, which is about 25 million or 8 percent of the population in the United States, had asthma in 2011. About one in two people or nearly 12 million with asthma had an attack in 2008; however, most attacks could have been avoided. In addition, ten percent in children had asthma while eight percent in adults had the attack in 2009. It is also noted that women were predisposed to asthma than men; however, boys are more prone to the disorder than girls.
In an asthma attack, the muscles around the airways are tightened. The lining of the airways also becomes inflamed or swollen, not to mention that the amount of mucus produced by the body is more than usual, as per Web MD.
The symptoms may shift from mild to severe, which may require urgent medical attention. According to American College of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, the most common symptoms of asthma include coughing, which is higher in intensity at night, during exercise or when laughing; shortness of breath; chest tightness; and wheezing, which is a whistling or squeaky sound in the chest upon exhaling.
According to Web MD, other warning signs of asthma include runny or stuffy nose; sore throat; fatigue and weakness, especially during exercise; and trouble sleeping. Some warning signs of asthma are more serious and should not be taken lightly. These incude difficulty breathing or talking, sucking in the chest or stomach with each breath, difficulty walking, and a bluish or gray tinge to the lips or fingernails. The latter is called cyanosis, which implies hypoxia, the reduced oxygen level in the blood.
Asthma is a chronic disease that has no current cure, according to National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. however, its symptoms can be controlled. The aims of asthma treatment include the prevention the occurrence of symptoms, such as coughing and shortness of breath; reduction of the need for quick-relief agents, maintaining one’s usual activities of daily living, maintainance of good lung function, nd prevention of asthma attacks of moderate to severe nature, which could lead to a hospital room visit or stay.
Asthma is treated with two kinds of agents, the long-term control and quick-relief medications. Long-term medications aid in the reduction of the inflammation in the airways, preventing asthma symptoms. On the other hand, quick-relief medications are fast-acting or “rescue” medications that relieve the symptoms of an asthma attack. Medications may be increased by physicians if the attack cannot be managed in lower doses. According to National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute., the initial phase of asthma treatment is at par with the severity of the asthma while the follow-up asthma treatment is dependent to the efficiency of the action plan to intervene and control the asthma symptoms and prevent future asthma attacks.
With the aforementioned warning signs, it is important to coordinate with one’s doctor to give resolution to other medical conditions that can adversely affect asthma management. | <urn:uuid:71960ad5-19f3-4a3d-a590-ddbd41acb1aa> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.1mhealthtips.com/warnings-signs-of-asthma-attack/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283008.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00081-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957287 | 781 | 3.671875 | 4 |
If Steve Jobs were still alive, he would have celebrated his 59th birthday in February. Apple fans and developers from around the world revere him for his talents and the way he had changed the technological landscape.
Of course, there are also people who hate his guts. However, majority of us can agree on one thing: he was a genius when it comes to design.
What made Steve Jobs so successful in building elegantly designed OS and gadgets that we use today? How can you use his principles into developing an app?
#1: Have a clear vision.
In 1976, when he was just a budding entrepreneur, he had a vision: To put a computer in the hands of everyday people.
And we know how that turned out.
Having a clear vision is the seed that can grow into something lush that can thrive for a long time. You don’t need to undergo a series of epiphanies in order to have a clear vision. Often, a clear vision is tied with your passion. When you are in tuned with your passion, it is a lot easier to envision your goal.
Before hiring a programmer or naming your app, make sure to have a clear and solid vision first.
What motivates you to build an app? What is your end goal? Are you in the business to make a fun app that earns $50,000 every single day? Or do you want to dedicate your talents into creating apps that can help people save time or money?
#2: Focus. Focus. Focus.
When he regained his position as CEO, Steve Jobs immediately cancelled tons of projects that Apple was working on (except projects related to the iPad, iPhone, iPod, and MAC). He said, “Innovation is saying no to 1,000 things.”
His unequivocal focus was one of the reasons why Apple regained its success as one most innovative companies in the tech industry.
Focus is crucial—most especially in the initial stages of developing an app. When you are focused on one project, you can pay more attention and address the most important elements.
#3: Always aim for excellence. Never compromise.
Steve Jobs also became infamous with his unique attention to detail. When creating the circuit boards for the first Macintosh, he wanted them to be symmetrical and beautiful.
His attention to detail stemmed from his innate need to excel. He never compromised.
In order to apply this principle into making an app, consider all aspects of the app. Even the fonts you choose should matter! While you don’t have to spend days arguing what font to use, it still needs some attention.
Never say, “It’s good enough!” Always push the boundaries. With almost 20,000 apps being added on the App Store monthly, aiming for excellence is your best bet to stand out.
#4: Simplicity is sophistication.
Steve Jobs’s guiding principle when it comes to design is simplicity. He believed that simplicity is the ultimate form of sophistication. And the great thing about this principle is that, often times, simplicity also results to an intuitive UI.
Simplicity will never go out of fashion. No matter how advanced the technology becomes, the bottom line is, people will always favor an app that is simple and seamless.
Whether you want to make a dent in the universe with your app or simply create something useful, Steve Jobs’s principles and beliefs are definitely worth considering. | <urn:uuid:0bddb10e-a0f6-48f7-8e14-a2f87dbcb91c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.bluelabellabs.com/ideatoappster/steve-jobs-school-making-great-app/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280242.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00070-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.969543 | 713 | 2.453125 | 2 |
IELTS Writing Task 2 Sample 301 - Professional athletes make good role models for young people
- Last Updated: Monday, 05 September 2016 12:57
- Written by IELTS Mentor
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IELTS Writing Task 2/ IELTS Essay:
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
Some people think that professional athletes make good role models for young people, while others believe they don’t.
What is your opinion on that?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
Sample Answer 1:
Each person has one or many role models in his or her life. They prefer to imitate style, method of life and skills from their role models. Professional athletes are also good role models for the people who prefer to watch sports or engage in similar sports activity. People, who have good athletic skills, showcase their talents. They will accept both success and failure in the same manner. This is a very good lesson learnt from professional athletes. People who think athletes as their role model, they will try to imitate that behaviour in their life.
Athletes are playing a major role in influencing in other’s life. The example of attending to practice, time management, continuous practice, self-confidence and many more behaviours are learnt by many youngers. This is influencing in both male and female youngsters.
At the same time, professional athletes are not the only group of people act as good role models. Good artists, good social workers, teachers, medical staff, government servants also act as good role models in youngers’ life. According to the preferences of youngers, role models also differ. Such as Youngers like to watch more films than sports, then, an actor or actress would be a role model for them. If they prefer to involve in social service, previous leaders on social service would be their role models, examples of Mother Theresa. Likewise, role models are not only from the field of athletes but also from vast numbers of other fields.
Anyhow, as per my own opinion, I agree with the statement, ‘some people think that professional athletes make good role models for young people while other fields of professionals also make good role models for young people.
[ Written by - Niro Devi ]
Sample Answer 2:
As we know sports are very important in day to day life. Youngsters get more attraction towards sports and try to play the same as professional athletes. They copy them in various means like playing style, looking, hair style, speaking, body language etc.
Interviews from professional athletes play an important role for all of their fans as they implement their tips and advice in their play strategies, which gives them guidance and path in becoming successful. Likewise, they learn team building, teamwork, individual effort and people management skills in their life.
Yet in the response of above, we see some professional athletes involve in advertisement, movie making and promoting brands, which is basically a way to earn more money for them but it gives wrong lessons to their viewers and fans. Young people think, to be good looking, is also a part to become a successful athlete and somehow, they get distraction from their career path. Hence, many good athletes remain unsuccessful in their career path and usually switch to another domain when they face failure. Followers should understand everyone has one or other merit in himself and different style to do any work, also to be true to their work only can make them successful in their life; for Example: Mahendra Dhoni is a famous athlete and famous for his batting style and long hair style, but he is also a dedicated person towards his work which helped him to climb the success ladder.
Therefore, I truly believe if something comes to lesson giving to the viewers and fans, successful people like celebrities should not give wrong lessons. They should always boost up their viewers and come up with different ideas which can help them to lead their life in the right path. Distracting youngsters in their career building age can bring serious issues for country's development and put everyone in soup.
[ Written by - Namrata Jain ]
Sample Answer 3:
Professional sportsmen and women are and have always been inspirational idols in young people’s life. In my opinion, youngsters take examples from them and attempt to become successful forthcoming people of the same type. The young generation also mimics the styles and fashions of their favourite sports person. I believe that the professional athletes can be exemplary figures for the young generation.
Their persistence and perseverance are an incentive for young people. Because when children observe some people around them that attain big successes they get thrilled and fall in the desire of such resounding targets. No one can perceive this emotional reaction as a bad thing. In sequence as children get older, they carry these targets with them and also they boost ambitions by seeing other achievements of inspiring people. In addition, they proceed their educational period with these ambitions.
One of the positive aspects of professional athletes' influence is that they do not only be an insight and incentive for those who wish to become a sportsperson but also they exhibit massive successes on account of at least that big efforts and hard working for other children who intend to be successful engineers, doctors or business people. Athletes are also good examples for children who are not in good condition and environment. These athletes such as Usain Bolt, Muhammed Ali and others teach to tolerate hardships and learn from those. Most successful sports people come from poverty and show their abilities that if they wish to achieve and work hard they can reach their target.
To sum up, professional and successful sports people constitute a large part of children's inspirations and their perseverance and hard work help their little admirers to try and take initiatives to become like them.
[ Written by - Elruz Rehimli ] | <urn:uuid:84220c17-cb24-47da-bbba-acc29ea1c9b2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ielts-mentor.com/writing-sample/writing-task-2/1291-ielts-writing-task-2-sample-301-professional-athletes-make-good-role-models-for-young-people | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280872.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00309-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.977589 | 1,209 | 3.09375 | 3 |
There are two side of the security coin: authentication and authorization.
Authentication answers the question of who (a principal) is making the request to a given endpoint. Authorization is what determines if the principal is actually is allowed to do what they are trying to do.
If authentication fails, a
401 Unauthorized response should be returned. Authentication can fail for a lot of reasons: bad password, an expired API token, something in the application changed, etc. For example, a user changing their password often invalidates any oauth tokens issued on behalf of that user. Those invalidated tokens would start returning
If authorization fails, a
403 Forbidden response should be returned. This is the web application saying, “yes, I see who you are, but you can’t do that.” An OAuth resource server could see an incoming access token and user behind the token. The user itself may be able to access the requested endpoint, but the access token is missing a scope. That’s a | <urn:uuid:42929a19-fdaf-4172-a53a-38656c7e879f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://chrisguitarguy.com/2020/03/22/when-to-return-a-401-vs-403-http-response/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572870.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817062258-20220817092258-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.920678 | 216 | 2.515625 | 3 |
So Your Kids Brought Home Some Unwanted Friends…Posted by Howard County Library System on Oct 4, 2012 in Health, Parenting | 0 comments
No, we don’t mean the friend who taught your kids some new vocabulary you hoped he/she wouldn’t learn until high school, or joining the Navy, or ever. We don’t even mean the kind or friend who will point out to you (and then later report back to his/her parents) every speck of dust or smudged window in your house. We mean the kind that is creepy, crawly, likes to hang out on scalps and lay eggs in hair. Please, don’t stop reading, don’t be repulsed or ashamed, and don’t be foolish enough to think that it can’t happen to you.
It’s an absolute MYTH that head lice has anything to do with personal hygiene or how clean someone’s residence is. The truth is lice are common parasitic insects that can be found on people’s heads and bodies, and survive by feeding on human blood. There are three types of lice that live on humans: Pediculus humanus capitis (head louse), Pediculus humanus corporis (body louse, clothes louse), and, Pthirus pubi (“crab” louse, pubic louse). It is head lice that is most commonly brought home by our little darlings.
Kids (or anyone really) can get head lice if they come into close contact with a person who has lice; touch the clothing or bedding of someone who has lice; or share hats, towels, brushes, or combs of someone who has had lice. Again having head lice does NOT mean the person has poor hygiene or low social status; kids touch, share, poke, grab, lick, punch, share, etc, all the time, especially in crowded public settings like camp, day care, and school. And the best prevention is to keep kids from doing these things, but that is probably not going to happen.
So what should we be on the look out for in our little critters to see if they’ve picked up any of these other critters? Intense itching is the main sign, but there is also sometimes a tickling feeling from movement of hair. These signs may not necessarily mean your child has head lice, but they may mean you’ll have to (cringe) take a closer look. Adult lice may be about the size of a sesame seed or slightly larger., and lice eggs or nits, which resemble tiny pussy willow buds and can be mistaken for dandruff, may appear on hair shafts. Unlike dandruff, they can’t be easily brushed out of hair. You may also notice small, red bumps on the scalp, neck and shoulders.
According to the Mayo Clinic often you can get rid of lice by taking self-care steps that include using nonprescription shampoo that’s specifically formulated, if you or your little one has any infected hives or skin abrasions from scratching. You’ll also want to take steps to thoroughly clean house, such as properly laundering bedding and cleaning household combs and brushes, to prevent another head lice outbreak.
As KidsHealth so succinctly puts it Lice aren’t dangerous and they don’t spread disease, but they are contagious and can just be downright annoying.” There’s lots of resources and products to help combat this annoying little bugger. Places like The National Pediculosis Association or Lice Happens are just 2 of many that can provide info and help. The most helpful thing is to battle the stigma associated with head lice, to feel okay to talk about it, to let schools and parents know what’s going on so everyone can be on the look out and do what they need to get the lice out. | <urn:uuid:e0ee9b13-3e03-4294-9ffb-9b9a4104b6b5> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://hocowellandwise.org/2012/10/so-your-kids-brought-home-some-unwanted-friends/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720962.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00386-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.953272 | 843 | 3.03125 | 3 |
What does a postpartum doula do?
The early weeks and months after a baby is born is an important time of transition for a family, whether the first or fifth child. In traditional cultures, the mother is cared for and supported by other experienced mothers as she rests, recovers and learns to care for and get to know her baby. In today’s society, this special “lying in” period has become extinct. New moms are expected to resume their daily tasks all while recovering physically and emotionally, caring for her baby and any siblings, and managing the redefinition of roles and relationships.
A doula is a trained professional woman caregiver with a quiet presence in your home who provides individualized care to families with a newborn. Postpartum doulas understand that both new and experienced parents need time to adjust to their additional responsibilities. She provides practical help to make the adjustment period feel less overwhelming and reduce family stress. A doula offers non-judgmental guidance, information on normal postpartum restoration and infant development and assists the whole family emotionally through this major life transition. A doula does not take over the care of the baby or impose her styles on you, but rather she will provide you with evidence-based information and essential support to help you develop your unique parenting style. Armed with experience, patience and a sympathetic ear, a postpartum doula will hold your hand, hand you a cup of tea and help you embrace your new role.
Ideally, a doula first visits the mother during pregnancy but may be hired after your baby arrives. After the birth, she comes to your home to provide guidance in all aspects of newborn feeding and care, she is a mentor who answers your questions and offers assurance.
A doula assists with holding and diapering the baby, taking care of siblings and the baby while parents nap, shower or take a much needed break. She can also offer practical help as time permits including help with household organization, preparing simple meals, assistance with laundry, light tidying or errands. Doulas do not do major house cleaning. They also do not perform any clinical tasks or diagnose medical conditions, although they will refer you to a medical professional as needed.
Pregnancy, birth and the early weeks at home with a new baby are exciting times. They are also busy, often confusing and overwhelming times when families need a tremendous amount of support and information. People who use a doula after the birth of their baby find that the adjustment is easier.
With nurturing postnatal support, the incidence of postpartum depression decreases and parents find that they have greater confidence which facilitates bonding and breastfeeding. Every day can be different with a new baby at home, so we will talk and adapt to your needs each day I am with you.
- Emotional support and reassurance
- Newborn care assistance
- Non-medical physical support
- Family and sibling adjustment
- Breastfeeding support and instruction
- Coping strategies for new parents
- Infant soothing skills
- Making appropriate referrals and providing local resources to fit your needs
- Answering questions and giving encouragement
- Accompany parents to doctor visits or other outings
- Support for fathers/grandparents/partners
- Light household tidying
- Errands and grocery shopping
- Help with laundry, dishwashing
- Simple meal preparation
Postpartum doulas do not provide medical services or treatment for mother or baby, nor do we provide heavy housekeeping.
Postpartum doula care should be started within 3 months of the birth, the sooner the better. I generally spend 2-5 days a week with your family for 3-5 hours per day (minimum of 3 hours). I have worked with families for anywhere from a few days to several months depending upon the needs of the family.
With enough notice, I can accommodate most scheduling requests. Advanced scheduling is recommended to reserve the time around your estimated date of delivery, I am, however, often able to accommodate families who realize they need doula support after their baby has arrived. Evening, night and weekend service is offered depending upon availability and your family’s needs.
© Copyright Leah DeCesare 2012 | <urn:uuid:eb38e443-c595-47d1-aaf4-5d571644bcf5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://motherscircle.net/our-services/postpartum-doula-services/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285001.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00310-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954087 | 862 | 2.265625 | 2 |
Almost everyone of us has seen a ship entering a dry dock or at least watched a video of the same. However, have you ever seen a submarine entering a dry dock?
Here’s one of those rare videos.
This is a time-lapse video of the Los Angeles-class fast attack submarine USS San Francisco (SSN-711) pulling into the floating dry dock Arco (ARDM-5) at Naval Base Point Loma.
Reference: AiirSource Military Videos/YouTube
NOTE: Marine Insight does not have enough information to verify this video and cannot vouch for its accuracy. This video is for information purpose only.
Marine Insight does not own the rights of the video. | <urn:uuid:1d6b0851-a820-4e58-b880-7e7d76ceaefb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.marineinsight.com/videos/video-time-lapse-video-of-nuclear-submarine-in-floating-dry-dock/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00073.warc.gz | en | 0.903243 | 148 | 1.539063 | 2 |
Global warming might reverse social and economic progress across AsiaNovember 19th, 2007 - 2:36 pm ICT by admin
London, Nov 19 (ANI): A new report has warned that global warming might reverse decades of social and economic progress across Asia, unless carbon emissions are cut massively by mid-century.
Made by a coalition of environment and aid agencies, the report suggests that Asia is effectively on the front line of climate change, as it is home to almost two-thirds of the world’s population.
According to the report, Asia’s vulnerable population will continue to suffer, as will communities worldwide, who are contributing least to climate change.
The major reason behind the threat that Asia faces due to global warming is because half of its population is living near the coast. Due to this, billions are directly vulnerable to sea-level rise driven by a warming world.
“If those painfully won improvements in social and economic conditions can be blown away in a few but increasingly frequent and extreme weather events, we have to rethink about how we go about meeting people’s basic needs,” said Andrew Simms, the report’s author.
The report indicates that the way out for Asian countries is reduced emission targets.
“We need to start talking about emissions reduction targets that are in line with the science rather than in line with what negotiators think they can get away with,” BBC News quoted Simms as saying.
As well as cutting global emissions by at least 80% by 2050, the report calls on richer counties to lead by example and champion renewable energy. This would inspire Asian countries to adopt the same means in the fight against global warming.
The coalition had previously published a study in October 2004 saying that global warming threatened poverty reduction and urged industrial countries to cut their carbon emissions dramatically. It said such action now was even more pressing.
The report also says that to Asian countries need to be convinced not to go down the fossil fuel energy route of ‘get rich quick, stay poor long’.
“Practical difficulties and a lack of rich country leadership on climate change mean Asia is unlikely to abandon fossil fuels in the near future,” said Simms.
“It is useless to turn around and point a finger at China’s rising emissions if we are not showing the will and making the resources available to provide the changes necessary,” he added. (ANI)
Tags: andrew simms, asia faces, asian countries, bbc news, carbon emissions, climate change, coalition, countries need, economic progress, emission targets, extreme weather events, fossil fuel energy, global emissions, global warming, industrial countries, reduction targets, sea level rise, vulnerable population, weather, won improvements | <urn:uuid:86e64eac-2854-4ea4-97a4-37ffe81ea697> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/health/global-warming-might-reverse-social-and-economic-progress-across-asia_1005687.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00273-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957356 | 568 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Political commitment enables green procurement in Quezon City
Installing solar power systems on schools or city buildings, converting street lights to LED or reducing food loss - a green perspective on procurement helps Quezon City achieve all of the above. The former capital of the Philippines is a member of the Global Lead City Network on Sustainable Procurement, taking a lighthouse function for the region.
Quezon City has delivered successful sustainable procurement projects in the 4 sectors prioritised by the GLCN: construction, energy, transport and food & catering. For example, six buildings in Quezon City Hall Compound are installed with Solar Power System. And solar panels were also installed in three school buildings of Commonwealth High School where it can reduce an estimated 88.07 tons of CO2 equivalent and generate146,000 kW per year, whilst educating the next generation about renewables.
Quezon City is also progressing at pace in the implementation of its ambitions on waste reduction. For example in the food sector, the City is also expected to reduce food loss and waste by 50% from a 2015 baseline and address food insecurity by encouraging local cultivation of food.
Under the leadership of the Honorable Mayor Josefina Belmonte, the Green Public Procurement Program of the City will be re-launched, building new momentum to advance green procurement even further. The program seeks to adapt to the changing procurement landscape and in line with the administration’s ambition to create the Climate Change and Environmental Sustainability Department.
Explore more about Quezon City’s procurement practice here. | <urn:uuid:3c6ac7bf-5f39-468d-8d4a-807fd7bd732e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://glcn-on-sp.org/spotlight?c=search&uid=Zst6uNwZ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570868.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808152744-20220808182744-00066.warc.gz | en | 0.916651 | 325 | 2.5 | 2 |
LONDON, Jan 31 (Reuters) – British Prime Minister Boris Johnson will on Monday announce a ‘Brexit Freedoms Bill’ to make it easier to remove or amend European Union regulations that were copied into the country’s law before it left the bloc.
To avoid uncertainty and confusion as Britain extricated itself from the EU after 40 years, the government automatically allowed thousands of EU laws and regulations to apply in Britain after Brexit.
Under current rules, reforming and repealing the EU law would take several years, the government said on Monday. It said the new legislation would facilitate changes to ensure the regulations better suit Britain.
“Our new Brexit Freedoms Bill will end the special status of EU law in our legal framework and ensure that we can more easily amend or remove outdated EU law in future,” Johnson said in a statement.
The government said it would also publish a policy document on how it plans to use the opportunity of its EU exit, which formally took place two years ago on Monday, to make changes to its regulatory framework and to cut red tape.
The plans, it said, will include establishing a data rights regime, improving public procurement, setting up a domestic subsidy control regime to support the UK economy and reducing reporting burdens for small and medium-sized companies.
Surveys of British companies and official data have shown many companies, especially exporters, have found Brexit challenging. (Reporting by Kylie MacLellan; editing by Barbara Lewis) | <urn:uuid:84fc8043-9412-4361-b0e9-dce40d18ca2f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://newspedy.com/uk-to-make-it-easier-to-repeal-or-amend-law-copied-from-eu/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00667.warc.gz | en | 0.946906 | 302 | 1.835938 | 2 |
Keren Neubach, Koach La Ovdim, and attorney Tamar Peleg-Sryck.
The recipients of the Emil Grunzweig Human Rights Award for 2011 are journalist Keren Neubach, the workers’ organization Koach La Ovdim, and attorney Tamar Peleg-Sryck from HaMoked: Center for the Defence of the Individual, who received a Lifetime Achievement Award.
The Emil Grunzweig Human Rights Award is given annually by the Association for Civil Rights in Israel (ACRI) to an individual or organization that has made a unique and outstanding contribution to the advancement of human rights in Israel. The award was established in 1981, but was renamed in 1983 after the murder of peace activist Emil Grunzweig by a grenade thrown during a demonstration against the First Lebanon War.
This year’s selection committee included Prof. Ruth Halperin-Kaddari, Prof. Michael Karayanni, and Prof. Yossi Yonah. Below are committee’s notes:
Journalist Keren Neubach
Through her journalistic work, Keren Neubach creates – as is the name of her daily radio program – a new Agenda (Seder Yom). Every day, she puts institutionalized social issues at the center of Israeli media discourse. Neubach raises socioeconomic issues that affect all of Israel’s residents, including marginalized and disadvantaged communities whose voices are not heard elsewhere.
In her work as a whole – and particularly in the morning radio program that she has been hosting in Reshet Bet in the past four years – Neubach and her coworkers fearlessly expose injustices carried out by the authorities, at a time when many of her colleagues shun such issues. Neubach has been deeply and extensively covering social issues even before they were in the center of public discourse – and she continues to do so. Among the social phenomena on which Neubach shed a light were the high concentration rate of the Israeli market, social inequalities, structural problems in the National Insurance Institute, the housing shortage and the drying up of the public housing programs, and many more.
Against the backdrop of Knesset assaults on freedom of expression and freedom of press, and against the backdrop of the silencing winds sweeping through the halls of the media, Neubach’s unique voice – as a journalist and as a woman – and her persistence in dealing with social issues are both outstanding. The committee decided to give the Emil Grunzweig Human Rights Award to Neubach for all of the aforementioned reasons and also in support of the current and future struggle for the status of journalists and of the media in Israel.
Koach La Ovdim – Democratic Workers’ Organization
Since its establishment in 2007, Koach La Ovdim (“Power to the Workers”) has organized thousands of workers from a wide variety of occupations – in the public sector, in the private sector, in the service industry, and even in civil society organizations. Koach La Ovdim represents, among others, groups of workers employed by organizations and private contractors, which provide public services that have been privatized by the State.
The activists of Koach La Ovdim, who founded the organization without financial resources, have been bravely and persistently facing resistance from employers – while utilizing both organizational means (strikes and protests) and legal tools (in the labor courts). The uniqueness of this organization is its ability to bring together workers from different worlds. Thus, workers from Haifa Chemicals sit next to migrant caregivers in organization meetings. This is the very meaning of building solidarity across occupational lines.
The committee decided to grant the award to Koach La Ovdim for creating a fundamental change in the status of the right to organize in Israel, both in the legal aspect and – more importantly – in the practical aspect. The organization has changed the perception of the workers’ community, the feeling of empowerment of workers’ groups, and the understanding – of the State, employers, and the general public – regarding the deep meaning of workers’ organizing. It’s been decades since we’ve seen such a change in the perception of the right to organize and in its realization.
Lifetime Achievement Award to Attorney Tamar Peleg-Sryck
Attorney Tamar Peleg-Sryck from HaMoked: Center for the Defence of the Individual began her law studies in 1980, while she was simultaneously working in the field of education. Over the past twenty-five years, she has been dedicating her work to representing Palestinians from the Occupied Territories: administrative detainees, minor detainees, detainees in the al-Khiam Prison in Lebanon, prisoners facing the release committee, detainees undergoing GSS interrogations, and individuals arrested during demonstrations in Bil’in.
Attorney Peleg-Sryck struggled in the military courts and filed dozens of petitions to the High Court of Justice, currently as an attorney in HaMoked and prior to that in the framework of DCI and the Association for Civil Rights in Israel (ACRI). The committee decided to give her the Lifetime Achievement Award for her vehement activity in a place where so many blatant human rights violations occur, under the cloak of the occupation and the separate legal system for Palestinian residents of the Occupied Territories. In her 85th year, attorney Peleg-Sryck is still active, vigorous, and committed to relentlessly protecting human rights. | <urn:uuid:f5cbed15-f4b1-440e-9710-d8a144413290> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.acri.org.il/en/2012/01/23/human-rights-award-2011/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00238-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949242 | 1,124 | 1.65625 | 2 |
Connecting people, culture and nature
Cuidad Obregon, Sonora, Mexico 1994-1995
When we had finished our first book, The Straw Bale House, we found ourselves in a position of having taken a year out of our life, used up what little credit we had and really didn’t have any real prospects of employment on the horizon. Basically, we were stumped as to what to do next. It wasn’t long before the “Farmer to Farmer” program, being administered by the Anthropology department at the University of Arizona, invited us to go to Obregon and provide some training for those who were interested in building with straw bales. They were working in conjunction with the local branch of the Save the Children organization to connect with local families in need of housing. They offered us transportation, lodging and food. We took it.
Our place of work was a very poor community, “colonia” in Mexico, named Aves del Castillo. At first, we wondered how we were going to survive in those conditions. It wasn’t long before we were welcomed into the midst of a large extended family that included the families of Emiliano and Teodoro Lopez, with whom we have worked for many years thereafter.
It was our experimental learning arena for building with straw in Mexico. When we saw the deplorable conditions under which many families were living, we decided that all we had to do was better what they had. With that initiative we started on a course of building small and simple one room houses out of local and very inexpensive materials. It would not be over-stated if we said that we tried just about every material and method we could imagine.
The short of this story is that Save the Children was given a grant by their headquarters to build an office building utilizing the materials and techniques that we were developing. And with that, we entered a new phase in our Obregon work. | <urn:uuid:d7535b50-3db2-4381-9bf6-11110d58db11> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.caneloproject.com/projects/mexico/save-the-children/aves-del-castillo/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285001.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00300-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.988448 | 398 | 2.171875 | 2 |
These days, many youngsters want to become a blogger or video maker. The reason, you can earn money with ease, provided if you have the necessary skills. Let us say, you want to become a blogger. You are interested to have a blog, and then search on the internet to gain information on the domain authority, page authority and spam score. As is the human tendency, the human mind always wants to know the negative points and then go to the positive points. Did you also go through the same route? Did the topic ‘spam score checker’ attract you? Well, fear not, as you can gain sufficient information by reading this article on what is spam score level and more details.
In short, it is a metric designed by the company, Moz to determine the difference between worthy websites (those which are following the correct guidelines) and the untrustworthy websites. Now, that does not mean, if a website has become spammy, it means that there is no other option. Even if a website or blog has got a high spam score range, with relevant steps and following the guidelines, the owner can reduce the spam score.
The spam score range guidelines are as follows –
Usually, the grade is given on a scale of 0 to 17. In normal fashion, if the number increases, the pattern spells positive, but in this situation, the trend is negative. So, zero means trustworthy and 17 means the worst trend.
Disadvantages of Having High Spam Analysis Score
Now, what does it mean if your blog has a high spam score?
Well, if you have an own home, and your kids play music to a high pitch, rarely any neighbour will complain. The reason, it is your own home. But when it comes to your blog, it is necessary to keep a tab on the Domain Authority, Page Authority and Spam Score of the website. The reason, you need to network with other website owners, bloggers and digital marketers to gain a good page ranking not only from Moz but also from search engines. And if you want to gain backlinks to your blog from authoritative websites, definitely they will look into your spam score before making the next move. Also, digital marketers, content creators will never give a thumbs-up when it comes to making partnership with blogs having a high spam average score.
The reason, if your blog has a high spam score, then their rankings will suffer a hit or go down. Worse, you may receive a penalty from the search engines for following unwanted practices.
What Should You Know Regarding Spam Score?
If your blog has a score of 0 to 4, then it is low risk. And if the score comes between 5 and 7, it is medium risk, but the level above 8 can be marked as dangerous. Yet, that does not mean, every blog having high spam score has followed practices against the guidelines set by Google or Moz. It can also be that the owner unknowingly followed some steps that have put his /her blog in bad light. However, others viewing the same blog will have suspicion and they may lose valuable partnerships or getting good links from authoritative websites.
How To Check The Spam Score of a Website
It is very easy to check the spam score of a website or blog. There are various tools online to check the number for free. While there are some where you can check only one blog, there are others where you can check at least ten blogs at a single time.
Along with the Spam Score, you will also get information on the Domain Authority and Page Authority in many websites. There are some tools where you can get even information on inbound links and outbound links, but in this article we will focus on Spam Score.
Spam Score Level of Pages
In addition, you can also get Spam Scores for every page. If your website is new, there are chances you can see a zero for your spam score. But yes, the Domain Authority and Page Authority will also have the number of 1. If your website has a score more than 8, then there are tools such as Open Site Explorer where upon a click, you will be able to see the details. Please note, as already mentioned, it is not down the hill for your blog in case of a high Spam Score. You just need to follow certain guidelines and rectify the errors such as removing spam score backlinks from other unwanted websites. It may take months, but yes, it is possible to reduce your spam score to zero.
Let us first see the details of Spam Score.
Let us see the general tips on reducing the spam score level for your website or blog.
A. Low Moz Score
For a general thought, when do you get low scores for your blog? When you do not have great backlinks from authoritative websites. If you can gain links from the mentioned blogs/websites, this problem is solved but the challenge is time. You need to have a proper strategy to gain backlinks from these sites or blogs.
If you have got backlinks from websites which are not trustworthy, then it is possible to gain a spam score. You can set this right by getting backlinks from authoritative sources and websites. It is a challenge, but consistency and practice can make your website get the best links as per your niche.
B. You Have A Large Blog But Very Few Links
Do you have a large blog but very less backlinks? Then this will give a sign that your content is of low quality or your blog contains info on low quality products. After all, not many websites want to link to a website containing rubbish.
Please note, if you start a blog, it is necessary to have a proper backlink gaining strategy.
C. Back Link Diversity Contains To Only A Few Blogs
You may have hundred good backlinks from three authoritative websites. Then your blog will gain a spam score. The reason, as per Moz, it is necessary to gain backlinks from various websites instead of a hundred links from a very few.
D. Do-Follow and No-Follow Links
Remember, in backlinks, there are two types. One is the do-follow links which can cause a change in rankings and no- follows which do not cause much of an impact. For a healthy website, you need to have a combination of both do- follows and no-follow links in the proper manner. The ratio can be in the rage of 70 percent do-follows and 30 percent no-follows.
Also, there is one important point. If you have a number of authoritative websites with no-follow link pointing to your blog, then it means untrust. So, your blog may suffer a hit, and it can get a greater spam score level for your website.
E. Less Number of Links
This is easy to understand. Let us imagine, an important event has happened in your native place, by name – ANZ. Now to make your website come up the rankings, you give anchor text to only the specific keywords containing the phrase ANZ. If you have followed this step, naturally, the search engines would have demoted your blog. The reason – there are many hyperlinks targeting a specific keyword or term. Yes, there is no ratio on the number of hyperlinks connected to a word, but the range comes between one to ten percent. When it comes to Moz, if the percentage of links concerning a specific keyword comes to more than five percent in a blog, then this tool will slap a Spam Score.
F. Thin Content & Other Factors Can Lead To A Spam Score of a Website
Yes, you have a blog which is a representation of your skills, company and more. It is necessary that the blog be filled with vital information and others. If you have thin content of less than three hundred words in your articles and very few titles, then it is of little use to the search engines. Please note, you need to have more content, topics with relevant articles pointing to your niche. Then you can gain a high score.
Also, note, you may contain big articles, but if the content is not of good quality, then it may result in a high spam score level for your blog or website.
G. Site Mark-up
If there is one point which has been the most debated, argued in Spam Score, it is Site Mark-up. Yes, the normal SEO guideline mentions to keep the text in the web pages relation to code ratio to below 25 percent. The reason, a very low code can result in a not-so-good experience for the search engines and visitors. So, the Spam Score.
You can also use CSS and Java Script to enhance the experience of a reader on your website.
H. External Links
Let us say, you have ten categories in your blog. Out of them, only two categories have external links pointing to a large number of websites. This situation is known as “Link Farm” and can give the impression of manipulation to search engines. Many a time, these links are usually paid links, and Google can penalize your blog.
I. Large Number of Anchor Text in Pages
Are you a blogger who wants to give large number of external links in few articles? This technique is followed to give another website a higher score in the Domain and Page Rankings. But this practice can make the search engines levy a high spam score for domain of your own.
Although, there is no specific rule regarding the number of anchor text in an article or a web page, it is easy to calculate based on the pulse of a reader. Will you like an article, if every line in the article has an anchor text? No, right? So, create a rule as per the requirement.
J. Internal Links
You may have various categories or niche type articles in your website. But it is wise to give sufficient number of internal links among the pages. In other links, the web pages should have links to each other.
A search engine can definitely give a high score to a blog which has followed a clear internal link strategy. The reason, the search robots or bots crawling is made easy.
There are some bloggers who have websites mainly for commercial purposes. They might be part of private blogger networks and will have low quality content. Yes, they will have external links to another website. Search engines will seldom trust a website where articles are not interlinked to each other.
Let us take an example. You are reading an article. The first sentence should connect with the next one. Then, you will gain interest in completing the article. OR else, you will skip to another article. Naturally, every search engine is interested in giving the reader make the best use of his/her time, and so the penalization.
K. External Links
This practice is seldom followed, and only a quack can do the job. If you want to gain money via your website, then set upon an advertisement where you give external links to other articles in every part of your online presence such as in footers/sidebars.
There are many who will not buy these links, but some can, provided if you allow a decent number of external links as no-follow. Does this title remind you of blog directories?
L. Contact Information
Every search engine will always trust a blog which has proper contact information and details on the owner. Not having this basic requirement means, the online presence is following a shady practice. You can give a registered email address and also put social media buttons on your website to give an authentic look.
M. Less Number of Pages
If you have a website, ensure you fill it with at least many URL that have valid content. Please do not have few web pages in your blog. Try to add at least four articles every month. If you have really less number of URLs even though the blog is a year old, then you can get a spam score.
N. Top Level Domain and Spam Score
Is your website or blog a sub-domain and linked to a top-level domain? Then you may get into trouble. If the Top Level Domain associates with spam score gaining activities, your website can get a spam score. So, it is always better to set up a website with an individual domain. You gain more flexibility and control.
O. Domain Length
Just have a look at the popular websites of e-commerce businesses. They will have a short catchy name where you can type without a spelling error. If the domain name is long and the people can forget the name or will find it too tiring to type the entire words. Also, if they make a mistake, then it will result in less traffic for your website.
If your website is concerned with a special niche, then it is wise to take SEO and other factors to account while settling for the domain name.
P. Numerals in Domain Name
It is the silliest way of getting a spam score but some persons vouch for this activity. If you have a numeral in your domain name, you can get a penalty although not of the serious variety.
Do not forget the fact many famous websites have numerals in their domain name.
So, we hope you have gained enough information from reading this article about spam score. Please follow the right practices and you can earn a good ranking for your online presence. | <urn:uuid:87476f78-d303-4d7e-a2aa-f0a7bb7ea276> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://shentharindu.com/important-points-regarding-the-spam-score-of-a-website/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00073.warc.gz | en | 0.943857 | 2,791 | 1.828125 | 2 |
What is the chemical formula of boric acid?
Asked by | 25th Jul, 2008, 03:51: PM
It has the chemical formula H3BO3, sometimes written B(OH)3.Boric acid, also called boracic acid or orthoboric acid or Acidum Boricum, is a mild acid often used as an antiseptic, insecticide, flame retardant in nuclear power plants to control the fission rate of uranium , and as a precursor of other chemical compounds.
Answered by | 25th Jul, 2008, 06:22: PM
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Enter the OTP sent to your number | <urn:uuid:ddcef000-9931-418d-8cdb-dfb1eb336dcc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.topperlearning.com/answer/what-is-the-chemical-formula-of-boric-acid/zpxig8kk | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.883925 | 174 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Anaheim is another city planning a streetcar line, in this case from the Amtrak/Metrolink station (and planned high-speed rail station) to Disneyland. Disney is reportedly enthused about the project, since otherwise it might have to provide its own buses. The consultants planning the streetcar have also no doubt convinced Disney that the streetcar is “high-capacity transit,” a term that is naturally used numerous times in the city’s alternatives analysis.
Click to download the table of contents to the alternatives analysis for the Anaheim Slow Connection.
Maybe it is due to my poor Googling skills, but I haven’t actually been able to find a page on the city of Anaheim’s web site linking to the alternatives analysis. However, I have found individual chapters of the analysis, including the executive summary, chapter 3: transportation analysis, and chapter 7: comparison of alternatives. If you want to download any of the other chapters, read the table of contents and then copy and paste http://www.anaheim.net/images/articles/4947/ChapterX.pdf into your browser, substituting the number of the chapter you want for the X.
The Antiplanner’s perusal of the alternatives analysis reveals several major problems.
1. Planners Crippled the Bus Alternative
The streetcar is projected to carry a few hundred riders per day more than a bus alternative. Consultants have told the public this is because potential transit riders prefer rails over rubber tires, but the alternatives analysis says it is solely because the streetcar has a “modest time advantage,” namely that it is expected to make the journey in 18 minutes instead of 20.
Why is the streetcar faster? Because planners have unaccountably crippled the bus alternative by routing the bus on a longer route. While the streetcar goes straight from Disneyland to the train station on Katella Avenue, the bus route first travels 0.3 miles south to Gene Autry Way then back north to Katella. If the bus route had taken the same route as the streetcar, they both would have taken the same amount of time and the streetcar would have no ridership advantage.
2. The Streetcar Advantage Is Smaller Than Claimed
Table ES.4 on page ES-20 of the executive summary (which is all that most people will read, if that) says that the streetcar will attract 1,000 more riders per weekday before the high-speed rail line is built and 1,400 more per weekday after. However, buried deep on page 7-10 of the alternatives analysis is another table showing that total transit ridership in the corridor will only be 600 more trips per day with the streetcar before HSR and 900 more trips after. Apparently, 400 to 500 of the streetcar trips are merely drawn from existing bus routes.
3. The Streetcar Is Slow
Planners call the streetcar the “Anaheim Rapid Connection,” but “Anaheim Slow Connection” would be more accurate. Table ES.4 of the executive summary gives an average speed for the enhanced bus of 13 mph and the streetcar of 14 mph. I don’t know about you, but I don’t consider 13 to 14 mph to be rapid; I can cycle a century faster than that, and I’m 60 years old.
To make matters worse, someone miscalculated. Dividing the distances in miles given in table ES.4 by the travel times in tables ES.1 and ES.2 results in average speeds of 10.3 mph for the bus and 10.6 mph for the streetcar. Most streetcars actually have average speeds of 6 to 7 mph, so even these speeds seem optimistic. In any case, the speed difference between bus and streetcar is trivial; as I say above, the main difference in travel time is due to the bus route’s longer distance.
4. The Streetcar Will Significantly Increase Congestion
Anaheim streetcar planners often imply that the streetcar will reduce congestion, but the opposite is true. Although the executive summary prominently displays the number of auto trips that will supposedly be saved by the streetcar, readers have to turn to tables 3.10 and 3.13 in chapter 3 to learn that the streetcar will actually make congestion significantly worse.
Table 3.13 shows that the streetcar will reduce road capacities by about 1.5 percent. This is equal to more cars that the streetcar will take off the road. Curiously, table 3.13 shows the number of cars on the road in the no-build alternative, but not the streetcar alternative. However, that number can be calculated, and lo and behold, on eight of the eleven streets in the table, the number of auto trips per day actually increases.
Thus, the streetcar worsens congestion both by reducing road capacities and by increasing traffic. The analysis doesn’t say why there will be more auto trips with the streetcar, as planners probably hoped no one would notice.
5. The Streetcar Is Not Cost-Effective
The alternatives analysis was written before the Department of Transportation published its revised cost-effectiveness rule, but the writers gleefully anticipated a less-stringent rule. “When evaluating cost-effectiveness for federal funding, the Streetcar Alternative will rate significantly higher under the anticipated revised New Starts criteria than under the former rating system,” the analysis says on page 7-16.
The new rule effectively allows agencies to not even calculate cost-effectiveness. Fortunately, there is enough information in the alternatives analysis to make such a calculation based on the cost per new rider. This is the sum of the annual operating cost and the annualized capital cost of an alternative divided by the number of new riders that alternative attracts. The most recent DOT rule specifies a 2 percent discount rate for amortizing capital costs, and I chose to amortize them over 30 years.
Based on this, the cost for each new rider under the bus alternative is about $17. The cost under the streetcar alternative is $37. Relative to the bus alternative, the cost of getting a few additional riders with the streetcar is %67 per new rider. I’ve seen plans for improved bus services that generate new riders for $1 to 5, so at $17 per new ride, even the bus alternative isn’t very cost effective. But it is far more cost-effective than the streetcar.
Chapter 7, the comparison of alternatives, often makes statements like, “The streetcar alternative removes more cars from the road than the enhanced bus alternative.” But it also costs far more: nearly double the operating costs and more than six times the capital costs. For far less money overall, they could start two new bus routes that would attract nearly twice as many new passengers as the streetcar. That’s what cost-effectiveness is all about, but even though chapter 7 has a section titled “Cost and Cost-Effectiveness,” it doesn’t actually make such a comparison.
Beyond this, the frequent references to “high-capacity transit” are just as misleading as the project name of “Anaheim Rapid Connection.” Buses have more seats that streetcars (typically 40 in a 40-foot bus vs. 30 in a 66-foot streetcar) and use less street space. While streetcars have more standing room, buses could operate at greater frequencies and still have lower capital and operating costs than the streetcar.
I haven’t looked at the methodology used to estimate ridership, but the analysis projects that the streetcar will attract more than 1.2 million riders per year before high-speed rail. Since fewer than 600,000 people get on or off trains at the Amtrak/Metrolink station, I have to wonder where all those other streetcar riders are going to come from. Do planners expect to double Amtrak and Metrolink ridership? Do they expect every single Amtrak/Metrolink rider will take the streetcar? I realize there are other station stops between the train station and Disneyland, but these aren’t expected to generate anywhere near as many riders as the end points.
In the end, this is just a giant taxpayer subsidy to Disney. When Google and other Silicon Valley firms operate their own private bus fleets, you have to wonder why anyone thinks Disney deserves this taxpayer handout. Ironically, Walt Disney himself refused to accept government support, even going to far as to pay extra to buy electricity from private power companies rather than the public power company that nominally served the area around Disneyland. | <urn:uuid:b439ba3a-90e7-4c17-b859-2b1df1f01c47> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://ti.org/antiplanner/?p=7522 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280483.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00296-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948015 | 1,760 | 2.03125 | 2 |
A pair of broken bottles designed to look like Molotov cocktails were discovered Wednesday on the street in front of the Congregation Kol Ami synagogue in Salt Lake City.
Despite the broken glass from the bottles, there was no evidence of a fire, and officials do not believe the devices could have burned at all.
"It absolutely was not a flammable liquid," said Salt Lake Police Lt. Craig Gleason.
Even the director of the synagogue, 2425 Heritage Way, was not extremely concerned. "Whoever did it did such a poor job, we're not overly alarmed," said Kol Ami director Tamar Meir, while quickly adding, "But the message is clear."
Though the incident wasn't a potentially dangerous one, investigators Wednesday were still gathering evidence to determine the intent behind the vandalism.
"If it was a block south, we wouldn't be here," Gleason said. But the fact that it happened near each of the entrances to the synagogue's parking lot made the incident more serious.
Meir was thankful to the Salt Lake police and fire departments for taking the matter seriously.
"Unfortunately, this is kind of a way of life, it happens periodically," she said. "(Incidents like this) are in the back of our minds constantly, but we just go on."
The building had been the target of vandalism in the past, but nothing recently, and there had been no threats of late, Meir said. Anything that had happened recently was not connected to Wednesday's incident, she said.
Salt Lake Fire's hazmat unit and a fire investigator responded to the scene. In the shoulder of the road, near the synagogue's two driveways, were broken wine bottles that appeared to have been tossed from a moving vehicle. Each bottle had paper stuffed in the top like a wick, but neither showed signs of ever being ignited.
There was a liquid that spread in the street and against the curb, but none of it was close to hitting the synagogue. Police were immediately suspicious of whether it was a true Molotov cocktail, because it did not smell like any flammable materials, and the liquid did not dissipate as flammable liquids normally do.11 comments on this story
A fire investigator brought his arson K9 to the scene, but the dog did not pick up on any scents from accelerants either, Gleason said. Investigators collected the broken pieces of bottle and took them to be analyzed both for identifying the mystery liquid, which some investigators initially thought was oil-based, and to look for fingerprints on the bottle.
A man taking a morning walk called police first about 7:30 a.m. after spotting the wicks in the bottles. There were no witnesses to the actual incident, and police weren't sure what time the bottles were thrown, Gleason said.
Anyone with information can call police at 801-799-INFO (4636). | <urn:uuid:3ade0ed5-f7f4-485b-9f01-6b142f72a433> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.deseretnews.com/article/705343690/Broken-bottles-found-in-front-of-synagogue.html?pg=all | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00274-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.985112 | 598 | 1.726563 | 2 |
Since the beginning of the Internet, newsgroups like "Usenet" (user network) have offered people a means for discussing topics of interest. Newsgroups are electronic communities or groups which provide a central location for information and discussion in nine (and sometimes more) major subjects that are further divided into subcategories. Users can find useful and interesting information once they learn how to access newsgroups.
1Locate your newsgroup reader. Windows Vista and Windows 7 provide newsreaders in Windows Mail. In older versions of Windows, look for your newsreader in Outlook Express. Otherwise, access newsgroups through one of the many portals on the Internet. Some popular newsgroups include Usenet.org, Google Groups, and Yahoo! Groups. Mac users have various options to download, including Unison, NewsFire, and NewsHunter.
2Open your newsreader. In Windows Mail, find "Newsgroups" under "Tools" on the Menu bar. If you're accessing newsgroups through another server, follow the instructions to create a newsgroup server account. Some public newsgroups require downloading a specific newsgroup reader. Others like Google Groups allow users to access Usenet through their site.
3Subscribe to a group or two that interests you. These subjects can be as broad or specific as you want. For example, you can join a guitar group or a Rickenbacker guitar newsgroup. The newsgroup server will show all available newsgroups available on the server. In Windows Mail, choose a newsgroup, and click subscribe. Google Group users click on subjects, and then subcategories until finding the right one. Mac users can open up choices by clicking on a newsgroup so that a minus sign or downward arrow appears. Once a user finds a newsgroup to join, it's just a matter of clicking on subscribe.
4Search for specific newsgroups by inserting a keyword or keywords into the newsgroup search box. The search will reveal all groups that fit.
5Create a new newsgroup if you can't locate the specific topic that you're looking for, but you'll have to have an account with a news server. With Google and Yahoo!, it's as simple as signing up with your email address .
6Post questions and comments on topics that interest you or join discussion forums. The newsgroup information will appear in your e-mail window if you are using Windows Mail or in your browser window. Some newsgroup servers also allow users the option of receiving news as separate emails or summarized in a digest format.
7Unsubscribe to newsgroups that you no longer have an interest for or that aren't meeting your needs.
- ALT (alternative) newsgroups are the easiest newsgroups to create from as they rarely have moderators.
- If you see a reference to NNTP (Network News Transfer Protocol)newsgroups, these are non-Usenet newsgroups, often started by private companies.
- ALT newsgroups can sometimes be controversial.
- Be careful about oversubscribing to newsgroups. Some may generate hundreds of messages a day.
- Some newsgroup sites, such as Newsgroups-Download.com, charge a fee. This isn't necessarily a bad thing. Weigh the pros and cons of newsgroup site services.
Categories: Internet Forums and Message Boards
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Thanks to all authors for creating a page that has been read 127,176 times. | <urn:uuid:fab4aae0-f9c6-4c20-8e9f-8b143b23c574> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.wikihow.com/Access-Newsgroups | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281162.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00540-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.89128 | 704 | 2.71875 | 3 |
My friend Janet is a passionate West Coast tree-hugging antiwar lefty who still retains a soft spot in her heart for revolutionaries such as Fidel Castro. Yet, when I had a drink with her the other night and the conversation turned to the latest atrocities committed by the psychopaths who call themselves Islamic State, she was ready to go to war.
More precisely, she said she would be willing to shoot the marauding monsters herself. For once, it seems, most Americans from one end of the ideological spectrum to the other can agree on one thing: These guys are evil.
Given that, one would think the United States Congress would be able to concur on a bill to authorize the continued use of force against ISIS or ISIL or whichever acronym one cares to attach to these creeps. Such an assumption, though, fails to take into account both the ongoing dysfunction that has made it nearly impossible for our senators and representatives to agree on anything and the complexities of stamping out a peril that is less of an invasion than an infestation.
The U.S. began bombing Islamic State targets in Syria and Iraq six months ago, but it was not until last week that the Obama administration sent a draft resolution to Congress that would authorize and set parameters for a continued war against Islamic State. Rather than a resounding huzzah, the reaction on Capitol Hill split in three directions. For some, the resolution goes too far, for others it does not go far enough, and for a third group, it simply puts them uncomfortably on the spot.
Liberal Democrats are the ones wary of giving the OK to deeper military involvement. They saw how the Bush-Cheney White House used a congressional authorization of force back in 2002 to justify wars in Afghanistan and Iraq that cost the nation trillions of dollars and dragged on for more than a decade. To them, the battle with Islamic State seems to be just a restart of hostilities in Iraq and the new resolution would open the door to a wider war that could spread to Libya and other outposts of anarchy where the black flag of Islamic State is being raised.
Republican hawks, such as Arizona Sen. John McCain, are on the other end of the argument. Obama’s resolution is far too timid, in their view, and needs to be strengthened to allow the full military might of the United States to be brought to bear against the enemy. On Fox News Sunday, House Speaker John Boehner said, “We need a robust strategy to attack ISIL and no one has seen one yet.” The draft resolution certainly doesn’t do the trick, in Boehner’s opinion.
Oddly, the president argues that he can do whatever he wishes anyway, with or without a new resolution, because the authorizations given to his predecessor in the White House still apply. Apparently, what he really wants is for Congress to sign on to this fight so that he will not be stuck with all the blame should it go terribly awry.
That is exactly what a third faction of lawmakers is thinking about. They would prefer not to be forced to vote on anything so that, down the line, they can avoid sharing the inevitable blame when things get really messy.
And messiness is likely. The Islamic State horde is especially loathsome because they perpetrate their vile deeds in shockingly personal ways -- beheadings, crucifixions, immolations, slaughter of children, rape and enslavement of women. All of this makes them a worthy target. But they are not ruled by a government in a particular capital or contained within the borders one country. They are not even a regular sort of army. They are more like a swarm of insects that, beaten down in one spot, regroups in greater numbers somewhere else.
Destroying Islamic State on the battlefield may be a Sisyphean task. Only when there are no more disaffected young men in the broad Islamic world rushing to reinforce the ranks of Islamic State will this fight be over. That will happen only through a difficult weave of economic, political and social developments in the Middle East, North Africa and Europe.
Yes, most Americans from left to right would like to see Islamic State crushed. However, after the hard lessons learned in Iraq, Afghanistan and Libya -- as well as in Vietnam -- the daunting challenge is figuring out exactly how that can be done. | <urn:uuid:ee87aaa5-dc3b-4c28-8e22-d62cfc1d3349> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.latimes.com/opinion/topoftheticket/la-na-tt-act-of-congress-isis-20150218-story.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280364.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00032-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962501 | 888 | 1.515625 | 2 |
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