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You’ve probably over heard some internet dating facts just before, but you may be surprised at how many of these statistics are actually true. For example , a current study discovered that 6% of partnerships between lovers who found online single. While this kind of number may seem low, different couples in similar instances are experiencing higher divorce rates. According to the Pew Explore Center, 22% of people who use online dating offerings seek help a fantastic read coming from friends just before they satisfy someone. Nevertheless, these truth show that online dating is still a viable option for meeting a good life partner.
According to recent statistics, up to 50 percent of internet daters are located about their profession and an astonishing 40% of men and women make use of old pics of themselves. In addition , two-thirds of all on line daters admit sex is definitely their main concern. While online dating sites can be a fun experience, it can also be frustrating. Here are a few online dating facts that may assist you navigate the world of online dating and make the procedure as soft as possible.
Many people have started out dating in the internet, but they’ve quit the process after ninety days or not as much. In addition to the aggravation that online dating services can cause, a large number of people find it difficult to make a meaningful connection with a stranger. In fact , a third of people who make an effort online dating fail within three months. Further, an astounding 48% of relationships end through email, messaging, or perhaps through various other means. Regardless of this fact, there is certainly one more interesting online dating fact: more than half of people who meet all their soul mate via the internet lie to a stranger.
In accordance to an online dating services survey conducted by the Pew Explore Center, teenagers are the most most likely demographic to work with an online online dating service. According to Kaspersky, the typical age of a web based dating consumer is 33. 8 years old. Further, a lot more than 60% of online daters are a lot of the time working adults. Those who work with online dating products and services are also more likely to be sole, and to job full-time. If you are looking to find the perfect match, online dating may be to suit your needs.
If you’re fresh to online dating, no longer worry about the associated fee. Generally speaking, online dating doesn’t require any upfront costs, although some solutions may ask you for a minimal end up become an internet affiliate, but these will be few and far between. Furthermore, there are not any monthly registration fees or pricey services to worry about. Whether or not you’re fresh to online dating, proceeding still be able to sign up for an account with a top-rated website without spending any money.
Regarding to another analysis by Pew Research Center, a third of american citizens believe that internet dating is secure. However , almost half of the individuals consider online dating services unsafe. This means a significant portion are skeptical and in some cases wary of the process. A review of people who’ve tried online dating has found that 28% of women believe it’s harmful. Nevertheless, a lot of users are satisfied with their experiences via the internet. So , precisely the bottom line?
Unfortunately, there are potential issues involved in internet dating, especially for young women. In fact , one-fifth of women aged 18-34 reported obtaining threats to harm or even just kill them. Even when a man or woman is a high-quality online dater, a woman’s safety should always be very important. In the long run, online dating services can lead to important relationships — but there’s no guarantee. It could better to end up being safe than sorry.
The danger of online dating differs from state to state, with some state governments being even more dangerous than others. Along the U. Ersus., dark red areas are the biggest and light reddish colored states would be the safest, with only 39% of Americans saying yes with these kinds of statistics. The LGB community reports a much higher percentage of threats and problems than the basic population. The risk level of internet dating depends on the type of person you happen to be and how much you are going to share with all of them.
While most persons agree that online dating is a wonderful way in order to meet people, it is crucial to note that your experience differs by race, gender, ethnicity, and education level. Based on the report, people with a bachelor’s degree or higher have an advanced experience than those with only a high school diploma. The findings will be consistent with prior research, and suggest that there will be a positive and negative side to online dating. These findings as well support the claims of online dating sites. | <urn:uuid:0e0d97f1-2cb9-4120-839f-d4ea75129efd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://refermany.com/online-dating-sites-facts/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572870.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817062258-20220817092258-00670.warc.gz | en | 0.961502 | 981 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Chloramphenicol poisoning, vomiting, diarrhea
Food poisoning are quite frequent. Often people do not go to doctors, and trying to solve the problem yourself. One of the most popular means of self-medication is getting chloramphenicol in cases of poisoning by food. But antibiotics are not always appropriate. Therefore, it is necessary to remember features of this drug and its regulations.
What is chloramphenicol
Chloramphenicol is a synthetic antibacterial drug. Demonstrates particular efficacy against gram-positive bacteria, such as gonococci, meningococci and others. Successfully fights microorganisms that cause poisoning, such as Salmonella, Proteus, Leptospira could. Weakly active against acid-fast bacteria, protozoa and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Indications for the use of the drug are:
- Intestinal infection.
- Infectious diseases.
- Festering wounds.
- Prolonged diarrhea.
The main active ingredient of the drug prevents the formation of protein in the body bacteria. In this regard, the microorganisms die quickly. The drug has several analogues, for example, tivoization, Parkin, Belizean and some others.
Bacterial resistance to chloramphenicol develops slowly. The drug is rapidly absorbed. Its maximum concentration in blood is observed after a couple of hours after ingestion.
It is more convenient to apply the drug, which comes in the form of tablets. They have a yellowish tint. Each tablet may contain 0.5 or 0.25 g of active substance. As auxiliary substances are used stearic acid and potato starch. In some cases, it is advisable to apply chloramphenicol, produced in the form of powder for preparation of injections. This method of administration of medication provides rapid absorption.
In some cases, required chloramphenicol
Any antibacterial drugs, including chloramphenicol poisoning, it is advisable to take in the following cases:
- The event, first aid is not bring the expected effect.
- The diarrhea does not stop for several days. This day may be about 15 bouts.
- Vomiting persists more than two days.
- In the vomit there are any admixture of bile or blood.
- Presence in the stool blood or pus.
- High body temperature does not subside within two days. While the reception of fever-reducing drugs has no effect.
The necessity of application of the drug can be identified in the course of laboratory research.
If direct indications for chloramphenicol no, you should not try to treatment. From disease it will not save, and harm health.
How to use the drug
Chloramphenicol for poisoning you can drink for adults and children over the age of three years. The course of therapy should be at least a week. The tablet is best taken half an hour before meals, drinking plenty of clean water. Swallow it whole, without breaking or chewing. Remember that to wash down medicines with milk, juice and other drinks are not. If the victim was observed vomiting, then medication is recommended to drink an hour after eating.
The maximum dosage for an adult is 2 grams. It should be divided into three equal intervals of time. Children older than eight years can not give more than 0.4 gram of chloramphenicol. Toddlers shouldn't use more than 15 mg for every kilogram of body weight.
Children are recommended intramuscular injection. The necessary amount of powder dissolved in water according to the attached to the medication instructions. Injection should be performed at regular intervals of time. The duration of treatment can be determined only by the attending physician.
If after a few days use of the drug the victim's condition is not improving, you should immediately contact a doctor. Undergo a medical examination to help determine the exact cause of the poisoning.
The drug has a number of contraindications, so before applying you should consult with a specialist. It must not be taken with phenytoin, cytotoxic drugs, barbiturates, sulfonamides and some other substances. It is necessary to pay attention before starting treatment.
Store, released in tablets, not more than three years. Powder for preparation of injection is kept a little longer, up to four years. Before using the product check its shelf life. Remember that the use of expired medicines dangerous to health.
In some cases, the use of such anti-infective drug can lead to negative health effects. Among the main contraindications are:
- individual intolerance of the drug. Some people have seen a manifestation of severe allergic reactions;
- diabetes mellitus;
- the age of three;
- pregnancy and breast-feeding period;
- serious skin diseases such as eczema, fungus or psoriasis;
- renal orliver failure in severe form;
- the blood circulation;
You should not use the antibiotic and if the poisoning is caused by toxins or viruses. In this case the drug will be ineffective and valuable time will be wasted.
Some people have marked resistance to chloramphenicol. This means that the disease simply do not react to the drug. To identify these will help control over the health of the victim. If after two or three days after beginning treatment, no improvement is observed, you should consult with your doctor about changing drugs.
Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum drug. He not only has a detrimental effect on bacteria, but also adversely affects the body of man. If an antibiotic is carried out without the supervision of a specialist, the probability of development of side effects that are listed below:
- The development of severe allergic reactions. It may manifest pruritus, laryngeal edema or tongue, rash.
- The development of anemia on the background of violations in the formation of red blood cells.
- The drop in the level of leukocytes in the blood, which reduces the protective ability of the body.
- The decrease in the number of blood platelets that can cause bleeding.
- The urine becomes dark in color.
- Deterioration of health, fatigue, drowsiness.
- The appearance of excruciating headaches.
- Reduction of visual acuity, hearing loss.
Upon detection of such violations to the victim as soon as possible need to assist. He must undergo a medical examination and to adjust the treatment program.
Taking any antimicrobial drugs invariably leads to disruption of the intestinal microflora. So after a course of primary therapy will need restorative treatment with probiotics.
Sometimes the desire to quickly get rid of the disease, people tend to drink more drugs. This leads to an overdose, which in turn leads to serious health consequences. Signs of overdose include:
- Pale skin.
- Pain in region of larynx.
- The increase in body temperature.
- Fatigue, weakness in the limbs.
If the overdose is severe, there is a "grey collapse." It is accompanied by diarrhea, vomiting, severe bloating, breathing problems, problems in the functioning of the heart. Especially dangerous are the symptoms in children.
If you notice signs of overdose should immediately stop taking the drug. Need gastric lavage and usual first aid applied in cases of poisoning. After this, you should consult your health-care practitioner for further treatment.
The use of chloramphenicol for diarrhea
Poisoning in most cases accompanied by diarrhea. The desire to quickly get rid of this unpleasant symptom, the victims are ready to use any means, including chloramphenicol.
The use of this drug will have the desired effect only if the diarrhea was caused by infection. The active substance of the drug quickly cope with bacteria, and the diarrhea to stop.
The victim can not accurately determine the cause of the diarrhea. Uncontrolled reception of antibiotics can be hazardous to health. So when you see this symptom you must consult the doctor and get tested.
If there is no possibility to see a specialist, try taking one tablet of the drug and observe its condition. If within four hours no improvement is observed, then the drug use is inappropriate.
In the case of treatment of diarrhea chloramphenicol should not be abruptly to break off the course of treatment. Harmful bacteria are killed in the first day of treatment. At the same time continue taking the drug need a few more days after the complete cessation of diarrhea.
Food poisoning can have several different causes. So before apply for the treatment of chloramphenicolis necessary to determine the causative agent. Remember that taking any medicines without medical supervision may cause undesirable health effects. | <urn:uuid:071fe794-f211-43fd-9c2f-95ac8a05626e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://poisoning.vsebolezni.com/pomosh/sredstva/priem-levomitsetina-pri-otravlenii.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.916612 | 1,811 | 3.1875 | 3 |
This August, Springboard for the Arts is coming to Rondo with classes from their Work of Art Series. From their website: "Springboard’s Work of Art: Business Skills for Artists is a professional development curriculum designed to teach business skills to artists in all disciplines — visual, performing and literary arts. Artists can take the whole series, customized combinations, or individual workshops that best suit their needs." If you are an artist, maker, or creative entrepreneur, these events will have something for you.
Artists Collaborating with Community - Tuesday August 2, 10:30 a.m. - 1:00 p.m.
Use your creative skills to address community issues and opportunities! Whether you are an artist who already works in community or who wants to start, this workshop will introduce you to methods to clarify your own goals, techniques to ensure successful outcomes for you and your community collaborators, and how to reach out to community organizations and businesses to expand your artistic
practice and income sources.
Career Planning - Tuesday August 9, 10:30 a.m. - 1:00 p.m.
Where do you want to be both artistically and professionally? Learn how to define your values, identify key choices and develop a plan to achieve your career goals.
Marketing - Tuesday August 16, 10:30 a.m. - 1:00 p.m.
Define your product, discover your target audience, make decisions about how you sell your work, and identify a budget and strategy for your artistic business.
Legal Considerations - Tuesday August 23, 10:30 a.m. - 1:00 p.m.
Obtain general information about your intellectual property, contract basics and structuring your artistic business. | <urn:uuid:2745e3ea-a3f8-48e9-aa76-a42a88041efe> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sppl.org/blogs/post/work-of-art-series-at-rondo/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572215.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815235954-20220816025954-00668.warc.gz | en | 0.937986 | 356 | 1.617188 | 2 |
Slate is known for its distinctive layered composition. Slate Tile is made up of thin sheets of clay, dried mud and even volcanic ash. The unique layering of this material gives the slate its aesthetic and natural look. The beauty of slate tile is its mixture of colors with swirling arrays of blacks, blues, coppers, dark greys and many more which make it the ideal stone for a natural looking floor for your home or even exterior.
Tumbled Slate has gone through the “tumbling” process which gives the corners and edges of the material a worn and antique finish. Tumbled slate is very popular for kitchen backsplashes, shower accents, and even showers. Not all tumbled slate is suitable for showers due to the high oxidation that is found in certain slates such as ; Black & Gold, Earth, Iron Mould, and White Gold. The high oxidation will cause running or bleeding of the color due to rust. | <urn:uuid:30a2979e-9dd4-431a-b084-3dbbee649834> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.westsidetile.com/stone/slate-tiles/tumbled-slate/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280292.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00340-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949316 | 191 | 1.9375 | 2 |
These one-of-a-kind creature design courses are focused on providing you with an in-depth arts education from industry-leader Terryl Whitlach (creature design artists for Star Wars, The Katurran Odyssey, Brother Bear). Equipped with Copic markers, you'll venture through a continuous, interactive online saga centered on the world of Amalthea - and the creatures that dwell within. Learn to draw the fantastic inhabitants of this world, from the inside out. Discover the bones and muscle frameworks - drawn from actual current and prehistoric animals- and combine them to create your own. As the story unfolds, you'll witness the epic struggle for dominance and survival among the inhabitants of the world of Amalthea.
Sign up today for your free lessons, use your Copic markers along with the class, and gain a creature design education like no other. | <urn:uuid:7e305fb9-fc18-439d-b5c7-43c1c2db2b7b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://imaginationinternationalinc.com/creatures-of-amalthea/store/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280128.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00385-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.908386 | 178 | 1.851563 | 2 |
The Database of Chinese classic ancient books 中國基本古籍庫 is the largest database of pre-20th century texts covering all fields of knowledge. It has in recent years become a standard reference for anyone working on pre-twentieth-century China, due to its vast scope and the good quality of the editions it includes.
This 中國基本古籍庫 Zhongguo jiben guji ku database currently includes 10,000 titles in 12,500 editions from the pre-Qin period through to the Republican period. All texts are provided in full text and image format, allowing for a direct comparison both between digitized text and original text image, and in some cases between different editions of the text.
The texts are divided into four sections: Philosophy and Science, History and Geography, Art and Literature, and General Works; each of these is split up into 20 major categories, which in turn are divided into 100 minor categories. The database is fully searchable and available to all staff and students from the university as well as from home with ULCN login.
Here’s how to access this database (1 user only)
- Go to http://server.wenzibase.com, ‘Welcome to the Erudition Central server’
- Choose 中国基本古籍库, the second from the list of ‘Products’ on the right hand side
- Click the large blue button saying ‘Log in’. Don’t fill in user ID or password － we are recognized on IP
- On the screen that follows, click the (rather vague) button down left from the green jade bi disc 璧 saying, calligraphically, “進入“, to access the database
- Click the button quanwen jiansuo 全文檢索 to do a fulltext search
- Please click ‘tuichu’ 退出 after using，so the next person can access this database!
- The East Asian Library of Princeton has made a PDF of the complete list (366 pages!) of all titles plus editions available in this database. [PDF, new window]
- The database also includes a sizable collection of texts published in the republican period (1911-1949) with a particular focus on publications on Chinese “western studies” (xixue 西學)
- Read more on this database, description from the University of Tokyo | <urn:uuid:7b25a281-5f16-4e7b-aaf1-53d960e72505> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://mongolschinaandthesilkroad.blogspot.com/2015/03/database-of-chinese-classic-ancient.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280872.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00313-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.884572 | 554 | 2.1875 | 2 |
Visit Sunny Chernobyl And Other Adventures in the World's Most Polluted Places, by Blackwell, Andrew
Note: Supplemental materials are not guaranteed with Rental or Used book purchases.
- ISBN: 9781623360269 | 1623360269
- Cover: Paperback
- Copyright: 5/28/2013
For most of us, traveling means visiting the most beautiful places on EarthParis, the Taj Mahal, the Grand Canyon. It's rare to book a plane ticket to visit the lifeless moonscape of Canada's oil sand strip mines, or to set sail for the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. But in Visit Sunny Chernobyl,Andrew Blackwell embraces a different kind of travel, taking a jaunt through the most gruesomely polluted places on Earth. Visit Sunny Chernobyl fuses immersive first-person reporting with satire and analysis, making the case that it's time to start appreciating our planet as-isnot as we wish it to be. Equal parts travelogue, expose environmental memoir, and faux guidebook, Blackwell careens through a rogue's gallery of environmental disaster areas in search of the worst the world has to offerand approaches a deeper understanding of what's really happening to our planet in the process. | <urn:uuid:19732a06-c899-496d-877b-b1ab683b6a1f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.biggerbooks.com/visit-sunny-chernobyl-other-adventures/bk/9781623360269 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00274-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.867961 | 248 | 1.648438 | 2 |
The U.S. economic recovery appears to have finally moved onto a faster track, but will the rest of the world follow? Global politics may play a large role in answering that question.
As the U.S. economy struggled to gain steam in recent years it faced head winds from Europe’s deep debt crisis, a stagnant Japan, investor aversion to emerging economies and a slowdown in China that would pass for a blistering pace anywhere else.
Those global trends didn’t hold back the United States, and in some cases they were brought about by events in the U.S. economy. But they did contribute to slower growth and add to a widespread feeling of uncertainty. The trend is reversing, but five big developing nations have contentious elections this year.
The U.S. economy grew at an annualized rate of 4.1 percent from July to September, and economists are ratcheting up their forecast for the final three months of 2013.
The optimistic outlook for this year builds on the good news that Europe finally is looking ready to grow again. Albeit at a sluggish pace, Europe’s growth at least will add to the acceleration of global economic growth rather than detract from it. And Japan, having deployed actions to stimulate growth similar to those the United States took, is expected to be a healthy contributor to global growth.
Think of it as a global synchronization, in which developed and major developing economies start to grow again in lockstep, said Jim Paulsen, the chief investment strategist for Wells Capital Management in Minneapolis-St. Paul, part of global bank Wells Fargo.
This synchronization implies that global demand increases for agriculture, forestry and mined products. That’s good for U.S. farmers, miners and loggers, as growing demand has the added benefit of boosting not only exports but also prices.
Yet that’s not what Paulsen sees as the main benefit. He thinks all that cash that companies have been sitting on may finally be freed up, because CEOs will feel better now about the global outlook.
“I just think people have scratched their heads for a long time . . . but they haven’t stepped up,” Paulsen said. “At least in every major market that you operate in global trade, you’re seeing things head in the right direction.”
It’s easy to forget how unusual a period the last eight years represent: the worst downturn in the United States since the Great Depression, and Europe in a mess not seen since the aftermath of World War II. Japan has struggled for a decade to get back on firmer footing, and the only good-news story was emerging economies such as China and Brazil.
But the Federal Reserve’s unconventional support for the U.S. economy led to an exodus of investors from Brazil and other emerging markets. The Fed’s bond-buying program over the past year helped spark huge returns in U.S. stocks, offering outsized gains with much less risk than investing in developing nations.
The Fed said in December that it would begin tapering back those bond purchases this month and continue throughout 2014. That means emerging nations such as Brazil, India and Turkey will be able to attract more investors and presumably grow at a faster pace, boosting demand for U.S. farm products and manufactured goods.
If politics doesn’t sink recoveries, that is. Brazil, India and Turkey face contentious elections this year, and that may weigh on investor confidence and dampen the appetite of CEOs ,who might decide to sit on capital a bit longer, until the picture is clearer. Elections also are planned in South Africa and Indonesia, which are second-tier, emerging markets.
Brazil is racing to complete stadiums and other infrastructure ahead of the global soccer extravaganza called the World Cup, which runs from June 12 to July 13. Protests have marked the run-up and the months ahead could be tense, followed by general elections in October.
Similarly, Russia, another large and important developing economy, is readying to host the Winter Olympics in Sochi next month. It suffered two terrorist attacks in the past week, prompting fears of violence and an even more repressive government after the games.
With an election cycle beginning in March, three-term Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan is locked in a political war with his nation’s judiciary over a blossoming probe of alleged graft among his allies. Erdogan has criticized the investigation as an international plot to discredit his country, an allegation that doesn’t help to woo foreign investors.
Turkey has been a good-news story in global trade and investment for the past decade, but now its borrowing costs are rising and its currency, the lira, has lost more than 7 percent against the U.S. dollar. Will Turkish voters have had enough of their free-market Islamist leader? The months ahead appear to be difficult ones.
Similarly, general elections are scheduled for May for India, another important emerging market. Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, an economist and architect of financial reforms, is stepping down. Growth quickened in the second half of 2013, but politics now looms large as the leading opposition candidate is linked to past anti-Muslim violence, something that might flare tensions with neighboring Pakistan should Narendra Modi win the elections.
Singh’s designated successor, Rahul Gandhi, is an untested young leader from a storied family that’s dominated modern Indian politics. He’d become the fourth generation of his family to lead the country, although he hasn’t yet been formally selected by the ruling Congress Party.
The largest emerging market, China, had its leadership transition in 2013. The Communist Party installed Xi Jinping as the nation’s leader last year, and he’s already putting his personal touch on the job. He’s taken a more informal tack at public events, even surprising locals in Beijing recently by dropping by a common-man restaurant for what news reports said were steamed buns and pig intestines.
China’s double-digit rate of economic growth has slowed in recent years, thinning the export pie for farmers and miners from the United States, Brazil, Australia and elsewhere. And the reforms Xi plans to pursue may pay off only over a longer horizon.
“Cutting back on subsidies, scaling back excessive investment, raising the cost of funding and putting public financing on a sounder footing may retard growth initially,” Frederic Neumann, a co-head of Asian economics research for global bank HSBC, warned in an investment note. “2014, in short, may be the year when difficult decisions are finally taken, but don’t expect growth to surge ahead just yet.”
Xi faces the tough task of maintaining an interventionist approach in order to keep creating jobs for the millions who are abandoning the countryside in search of factory work while allowing market forces to increasingly dictate decision making in the Chinese economy.
“We are moderately optimistic that the Chinese leadership can put in place some reforms that can keep growth growing, but they’re doing a balancing act,” said Nariman Behravesh, the chief economist for IHS Global Insight.
Xi hopes to keep the Chinese state as the driver of relations with the marketplace while allowing the market a more decisive role in the allocation of resources in the economy.
“There you’ve got speaking out of both sides of their mouth,” Behravesh said, adding, “They’ve got a lot of vested interests. They don’t want to upset the apple cart.” | <urn:uuid:af835198-536c-4b1f-aec5-f0b143f2b108> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.thenewstribune.com/news/business/article25863616.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719784.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00425-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962774 | 1,570 | 1.882813 | 2 |
|Fisheries Management Area 2 staff conducted a night electrofishing survey of smallmouth
bass in the free flowing Allegheny River between President and East Brady on the nights of August
21, 22 and 23, 2006. We sampled three historic sites at East Brady, Kennerdell and President sampling
over 4 kilometers of shoreline and totaling 4 hours of electrofishing. We captured a total of 445
smallmouth bass ranging from 4 to19¾ inches
(Table 1). Our results were similar to the Area 3 surveys of the West Branch of the Susquehanna
River in that the Allegheny River also produced an excellent year class in 2005 and 2006 was our best year ever for smallmouth
bass over 12 inches and over 15 inches (Table 2).
Anglers encountered on the water also reported good catches of smallmouth bass using live bait. Floating the Allegheny River in canoes and kayaks is very popular during the summer months and access to the river is good through Warren, Forest, Venango, Clarion and Armstrong counties.
Table 1. Length/frequency distribution for smallmouth bass captured by night electrofishing the Allegheny River at East Brady, Kennerdell and President on the evenings of August 21, 22 and 23, 2006.
Table 2. The total number of smallmouth bass captured and a comparison of the number of smallmouth bass captured per hour of night electrofishing in the Allegheny River at three historic sites (East Brady, Kennerdell and President). Standardizing catches to catch per hour (CPH) allows us to make comparisons between waters and between years.
|-- Area 2|
|Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Web Privacy and Security Policies| | <urn:uuid:7576bf6a-9d6c-460f-b5d2-9b6964da23f4> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.fish.state.pa.us/images/fisheries/afm/2006/2x09_11alle.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279933.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00126-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.921635 | 352 | 1.851563 | 2 |
When diseases attack the unwary, injuries afflict the active and death threatens the living, doctors bring all their knowledge and expertise to bear in restoring normal health. They arguably deserve their high salaries. But even society values one medical specialty more than others by rewarding it with the highest compensation in the country.
Doctors held the top nine highest-paid positions as of May 2012, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Within this august group, only one group of physicians occupied the top spot: anesthesiologists. They earned a mean $232,830 per year for managing patient pain before, during and after surgery. Even the lowest-paid 10 percent received less than $135,110, far higher than the mean $73,540 yearly made by all health care practitioners and more than the average annual $45,790 made by all occupations in the country. The next highest-paying occupation belonged to surgeons, who averaged $230,540 per year.
The states with the highest pay for anesthesiologists were Wyoming, Tennessee, Oregon, Oklahoma and North Carolina. Among cities, that distinction went to Hartford, Connecticut; Burlington, Vermont; Youngstown, Ohio; York, Pennsylvania; and Wichita, Kansas. In rural areas, the top payers were in northeastern Wyoming, north-central West Virginia, southern Oregon and parts of North Carolina. These locations showed no common elements other than having pay for the profession that exceeded $187,199 per year.
Employers are the main factors in employment opportunities and pay for anesthesiologists. For example, anesthesiologists working for themselves topped the opportunity list with more than 80 percent of the 29,930 anesthesiology positions. They also earned the highest compensation of $241,910 per year. Ranking a distant second for number of jobs were general medical and surgical hospitals, with 12 percent of the positions and mean pay at an annual $196,700. At No. 2 for pay were specialty hospitals that did not include psychiatry and substance abuse. They offered yearly salaries of $229,400.
As the country’s large baby-boom population becomes more elderly, they will require more diagnostic tests and medical treatments to maintain a healthy and active lifestyle. This factor will drive the 24 percent increase in jobs for all doctors, including anesthesiologists, from 2010 to 2020. Compare this rate with the 14 percent growth expected for all other occupations in other industries. The best opportunities will go to those who can practice in rural and low-income areas, which have traditionally had trouble attracting and keeping medical professionals. Doctors specializing in the needs of the elderly will also find excellent prospects.
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(1596—1686) accused conspirator
Gascoigne, Sir Thomas, second baronet (1596-1686), accused conspirator
Gascoigne, Sir Thomas, eighth baronet (1745-1810), traveller and politician
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a kind of
Also found in: Dictionary, Acronyms.
a kind of (something)
A replacement or alternative to (the real thing). I had to use the block of wood as a kind of hammer to get the loose nail back into place. Is there anything we can use as a kind of shim to even out these table legs? It was so sunny during the graduation ceremony that I had to use my program as a kind of visor!
Farlex Dictionary of Idioms. © 2022 Farlex, Inc, all rights reserved.
a kind of something
a variety of something that is fairly close to the real thing, even though it is not exactly the real thing. I used a folded newspaper as a kind of hat to keep the rain off. Bill is serving as a kind of helper or assistant on this project.
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John C. Campbell Folk School
The John C. Campbell Folk School was established in 1925 in Brasstown, a rural community in the westernmost corner of North Carolina. With the help of Marguerite Butler, Olive Dame Campbell established the folk school in honor of her late husband, John, who earlier chronicled life in the region. In its embrace of the Danish folk school model and its emphasis on agriculture, the John C. Campbell Folk School mission and goals differed from other Craft Revival institutions. In 1928 the folk school sponsored “Handwork Week” to highlight traditional craft skills. In the 1930s, the school began teaching woodcarving and established a community group that became known as the Brasstown Carvers. Upwards of 75 local residents participated in the program. Today’s Brasstown Carvers continue to make highly detailed carvings of farm animals and nativity figures.
There was no plan or path in the design of early Craft Revival institutions. Most grew organically with only vague notions of goals and objectives. Not so with the John C. Campbell Folk School. Its establishment was preceded by study, theory, and a planned implementation. John and Olive Campbell were introduced to the concept of the Danish folk school by P. P. Claxton, an educator from Tennessee, who became the U.S. Commissioner of Education. In 1914 the Campbells planned to visit Denmark, but cancelled their trip when war broke out in Europe. John Campbell died in 1919 without ever making the trip to see Danish folk schools in operation. Three years later, in 1922 and with a grant from the American Scandinavian Foundation, Olive set sail for Denmark. She spent 18 months studying folk schools and folk culture in Scandinavia and in England. Her sister, Daisy Dame, and colleague, Marguerite Butler, a teacher at the Pine Mountain Settlement School in Kentucky, accompanied her. 1.
The John C. Campbell Folk School was modeled after a particular type of school, the folkehojskoler in Danish. When Denmark became a democratic society, the nation’s politicians wisely concluded that the country would benefit from educating its voting public. While private schools were available to the wealthy, these new publicly funded schools were aimed specifically at the “folk”—regular working people. Olive Dame Campbell’s yearlong folk school study culminated in a book, The Danish Folk School. She credited the movement to Nikolai Grundtvig (1783-1872), who espoused the value of the “Living Word,” a personal connection between students and their teachers. Campbell applied this idea to her plan, describing the “distinguishing feature of the true folk school” as “living together as family.” She proposed the “educational value in the doing of life’s work” over the “book standard of education.” Even though the U.S. Dept of Education studied Danish folk schools in the early 20th century, only a few American schools were established upon this European model. The short-lived Stanley-McCormick School in Burnsville, North Carolina was patterned after Fircroft, an English folk school; Berea College sponsored a folk school “experiment” in the 1920s; and the Highlander Folk School in Tennessee (still in operation today) taught social change over tradition. 2. It was the John C. Campbell Folk School in Brasstown that came to epitomize the American folk school.
After the three women returned to America, they began to look for a place to site a school. In Southern Mountain Life and Work, Campbell described her desire for an ideal location and stressed the importance of community ownership. “[We are] looking for a natural center,” she wrote, “where creeks come together…a section with agricultural possibilities.” A few months later, in September 1925, Marguerite Butler arrived by train in Murphy, North Carolina. She and Campbell had been actively looking at sites for seven months and had nearly settled on a location in West Virginia. It is not clear whether Brasstown citizens had any role in Butler’s initial visit to Murphy. She wrote that the area was suggested to her by a welfare worker. No matter the circumstances that brought Butler to Murphy, once there, local citizens actively courted her. 3.
Marguerite Butler was in town just a few days when she was visited by Fred O. Scroggs, the owner and operator of a general store in nearby Brasstown. Arriving with his father, L. L. Scroggs, the two men made a case to locate the school in the Brasstown community. When Butler toured Brasstown a few days later and attended a meeting at the Methodist Church South, she was surprised to find over 200 people had come to hear the options. Butler recalled one meeting:
At about seven o’clock that night the Baptist Church on Little Brasstown was crowded to the doors; wagons and machines stood everywhere on the hillside... For over two hours and a half I talked and answered questions. 4.
On October 1st local citizens drafted a summary of their meetings. Posing eleven questions, the group responded unanimously to each one. Curiously, one question indicates that the community was thinking broadly, “How many states are within reach?” they asked. More to the point, they asked themselves, “What do they have to offer?” and answered, “Land, labor, material, and folks.” The decisiveness of their response was impressive. After Butler left Murphy, she received a letter that claimed,
The interest of our people in ‘the school’ has not only not abated, but appears to be increasing. Not a day passes that some of them do not call to ask about it... I have never seen people so hungry for knowledge. 5.
The persistence of Brasstown citizens was convincing. By the time Olive Campbell arrived to see Brasstown and meet with local representatives in November, the community had amassed 116 pledge cards, donating everything from flower bulbs to farmland. In its persistence, Brasstown beat out West Virginia as the home of the new folk school. Incorporation papers were drawn up immediately and the folk school became a reality. The school was located on 20 acres of land donated by the Scroggs family. 6. In December 1925 Olive Dame Campbell and Marguerite Butler moved into the small farmhouse that served as the school’s center for its first few years.
The spring of 1926 must have been an exceptionally busy time for Olive Campbell. While trying to get a new school off the ground, she continued to preside over the Conference of Southern Mountain Workers in Knoxville. That was the year that Allen Eaton came and spoke on handcraft taking a central role in mountain work. Initially, the John C. Campbell Folk School focused on agriculture rather than crafts. The school motto—“I sing behind the plow”—and school logo—of a farmer working with a team of horses—are evidence of the school’s self image as an agricultural haven. Campbell wrote about the need for a mountain school, using an eloquent metaphor based on the land. Of mountain youth, she wrote,
The stronger did not stay to fertilize the soil of mountain life, but went, like top-soil in the streams, to enrich the land beyond the mountains, leaving behind eroded fields and diminishing hope. 7.
Maintaining an emphasis on cooperative farming, the folk school facilitated the establishment of the Brasstown Savings and Loan, a credit union; a Farmers Association and poultry hatchery; and the Mountain Valley Creamery cooperative.
In May 1926 Campbell and Butler were joined by Georg Bidstrup, a Dane who came to the school to run the farm and provide recreational activities for students. A month after Bidstrup’s arrival, Leon Deschamps arrived. A forester and engineer, Deschamps remained for 17 years, shaping the school’s facility. During his tenure, he constructed a springhouse, dairy barn, and co-op creamery. A mill house pumped water to a reservoir uphill, so that water was gravity fed to the school. In addition to school construction, Deschamps taught surveying, drafting, and mechanical drawing. In March 1926 the John C. Campbell Folk School circulated its first newsletter outlining the school’s philosophy. The school set “no requirements, gives not examinations, offers no credits,” it read. This conceptual framework was supported by the rhetorical question, “How shall we keep an enlightened, progressive, and contented population on the land?” In February 1927, the John C. Campbell Folk School hosted a weeklong experimental school session, what Olive Campbell’s sister Daisy called the “first go-to-school week.” Campbell spoke on history, Butler spoke on travel, Deschamps covered topics in forestry. Later, Fred O. Scroggs talked about archeology. 8.
In December 1927, the folk school began taking students in a regular session that lasted from December until early spring, when farm families had to return to their primary livelihood. In spite of an early plan to establish a boarding school of 100 boys and girls, enrollment in the 1920s numbered in the single digits. In 1930 the school had completed its main building, Keith House, which housed classes, administration, and the girls dormitory. Boys lived at the other end of campus in the Mill House, also home to the farm operation. By 1932 there were 22 students whose average age was 22 years old. Besides their schoolwork, students maintained the school and farm. Boys worked on the farm; girls in the laundry. Both boys and girls cooked and served family-style dinners. All activities, including chores, were considered valuable to a young person’s education.
We emphasize the experimental character of the John C. Campbell Folk School. It must find a new approach to old subjects; it must develop a new technique of teaching. Furthermore, if the teaching is to enrich rural life, it must be rooted in a deep belief in the country; not perhaps as it is, but as it may be: its power to satisfy; to offer a full life. 9.
The 1930s was a time of excitement and activity. The school newsletter notes the “special treat, a three weeks visit from Mrs. Doris Ulmann and John Jacob Niles.” Ulmann, a photographer, returned many times over the next year to take photographs in the region; Niles, a composer and musician, shared a love of music with Olive Campbell. In spite of the worsening Depression, the 1930s remained a high point in the folk school’s activity with many overnight guests. A visit by Arthur Morgan, director of the Tennessee Valley Authority, caused particular excitement throughout the community.
We are accustomed to guests arriving by foot, horse-back wagon, car or truck, but never as two appeared this summer—by airplane... The plane was trying to land... in a neighbor’s field... The send-off was even more impressive. Old and young mysteriously appeared, for this was Brasstown’s first airplane. 10.
One aim of the John C. Campbell Folk School was to connect with the local community, not just to the students who attended the school, but their families and neighbors as well. Within its first year of operation the school formed a Women’s Community Club. Its 21 members met monthly for dinner and memories, “recalling the life of bygone years.” Like other Craft Revival centers, the folk school placed a value on enduring traditions. A Log Museum was built on campus to house traditional artifacts. In 1926 Marguerite Butler, writing to her mother, described the “pounding and sawing away on the museum...daub[ing] the chinks with mud, [and] laying the puncheon floor.” Once readied, the museum awaited “wagonloads” of “relics” for installation. Every July 4th the school celebrated Independence Day by hosting an “Old Folks Dinner” on the grounds. A 1927 newsletter included quotes highlighting recollections of tradition. “I cooked over the open fire for eighteen years,” recalled one old timer. 11.
It was not until 1929, however, that mention is made of “Handwork Week” and the formation of a local Handicraft Guild. Perhaps the timing of the folk school’s craft programs was a reflection of the growing interest in handcraft within the broader western Carolina community of mountain workers. There was plenty of incentive for the folk school to consider adding handwork to its program. In 1929 a core group of Craft Revivalists—including Olive Campbell—met to discuss the formation of a cooperative marketing guild; the Weaving Institutes at Penland were attracting outside students. The Conference of Southern Mountain Workers was regularly bringing in guests who spoke on handicrafts. Craftwork took firm root at the folk school during the summer of 1930, the first summer of the school’s “short course,” a ten-day program held each June. Clementine Douglas, owner of the Spinning Wheel, a museum-style storefront in Asheville, spoke on the history of weaving. Parker Fisher, a Hartford Theological graduate and old friend of John Campbell, directed the boys in making tool-chests. Margaret Campbell, from Tennessee’s Pleasant Hill Academy, a school with a successful carving program, taught carving to both boys and girls. Louise Pitman and Jane Chase taught weaving. Besides those that came to teach, other craft organizers attended the program, including Helen Dingman from Berea and Evelyn Bishop, Director of the Pi Beta Phi School in Gatlinburg (today’s Arrowmont School of Arts and Crafts). 12.
The folk school, like other Craft Revival schools, sponsored a dual program of handicrafts: the on-campus instruction of its students and the off-campus production of community crafts. Olive Campbell explained the process, “Our craftwork…is done partly at the school and partly in the homes,” she wrote. While school records made clear that the handicraft guild and school were separate (perhaps for financial reasons), in their day-to-day operation, boundaries were blurred. Guild products included baskets, brooms, and chairs, all made in the homes of local citizens. In 1932 crafts were introduced as part of the school program, a “decided gain,” according to school Director Campbell. Eight looms were installed in a weaving room in Keith House, the school’s community center. Girls were taught to weave and boys were taught to carve. Throughout the 1930s the folk school continued to maintain its regular four-month residential program and its summer short course. Demonstrating a renewed confidence, the school newsletter claimed, “The John C. Campbell Folk School is no longer an experiment.” 13.
Throughout the 1930s, several craft programs were established. Parker Fisher taught woodworking and carving during the first half of the decade. In 1935 Murrial Galt arrived to teach weaving and carving. Galt was an occupational therapist at Walter Reed Hospital; by 1937 she had married “Dub” Martin, a local man. She lived her long life in Brasstown, celebrating her 100th birthday at the school in 2002. Louise Pitman had fast become an expert on vegetable dyeing. She ran the handicrafts program, handling the business aspect of the guild, and in 1932, held the title of Director of Handicrafts. In the late 1930s and early 1940s, Oscar Cantrell and Herman Estes, both local men, joined the staff. Cantrell taught blacksmithing and Estes taught furniture making. But with new additions, the 1940s brought departures as well. Leon and May Descamps left the school in 1943 and Louise Pitman followed in 1945. Olive Dame Campbell retired in 1947 after 22 years as Director.
Throughout its early history, the John C. Campbell Folk School received donations and appropriations from three church boards—Presbyterian, Congregational, and Episcopal. At one time it received support from the Carnegie Corporation as well. Still, by 1940, there was concern over the school’s “falling income,” perhaps a residual effect of the Great Depression. In spite of financial woes at the school, the community carving program was thriving. In 1935 almost $2,000. was paid to 52 community craft workers; by 1941, 67 carvers made $7,000. Carving took on importance in the community with upwards of 75 carvers participating, including multiple generations within large extended families. In the 1950s, the carving group formally became known as the Brasstown Carvers and continued to produce small, hand-held animals and nativity figures for another half century. 14.
In 1946 the John C. Campbell Folk School received approval from the State Department of Education to serve as a site for veterans who wanted to take advantage of the GI Bill. By the following year, the school boasted of a “full enrollment” with the GI Bill paying for veterans’ tuition. World War II veterans took blacksmithing and woodworking; Korean vets did cabinet work and ironwork. At many Craft Revival schools, enrollment shifted from mountain workers, occupational therapists, and craftsmen to veterans and public school teachers. In 1947 the folk school held a special workshop for 50 county school superintendents and school principals and added a two-week camp for children. These changes marked the end of the period known as the Craft Revival as the country entered a post-war era of American culture. Like other Craft Revival institutions, the John C. Campbell Folk School continued to promote the preservation of tradition. Its 1929 school newsletter is evidence of tradition’s enduring persistence. “Our Danish copper bell…rang its summons for nine o’clock morning song,” it reads. Today, almost 80 years later, 21st century visitors to the folk school begin their days in just the same way. 15.
- M. Anna Fariello, 2007
See More: About the John C. Campbell Folk School
Olive Dame Campbell, The Life and Work of John Charles Campbell (Madison, Wisconsin: Privately printed, 1968) 205. Olive Dame Campbell to P. P. Claxton Feb 26, 1931.
2. Olive Dame Campbell, The Danish Folk School: Its Influence in the Life of Denmark and the North (New York: Macmillan, 1928) 61. Olive Dame Campbell, “Progress of the Folk School Movement,” Southern Mountain Life and Work I, No. 2 (July 1925) 18. Campbell reiterated these two main points—the school as “family” and a “school which seeks to fit for life”—in the school’s April 1928 newsletter. Mrs. John C. Campbell, “Roundtable on Adult Education,” Southern Mountain Life and Work II, No. 2 (July 1926) 15. Helen Dingman, “Folk School in Berea,” Southern Mountain Life and Work I, No. 2 (July 1925) 16.
3. Campbell, “Progress,” 18. Marguerite Butler, “Early Days of the John C. Campbell Folk School,” 1. This undated typed document, signed by Marguerite Butler, gives the name of Ann Ruth Metcalf as the welfare worker who introduced Butler to the Murphy area.
4. Butler, “Early Days.” By “machines,” Butler meant cars!
5. Report of committee meeting to organize a folk school, dated October 1, 1925 and signed by Fred O. Scroggs and Carrie Clayton. John H. Dillard to Miss Marguerite Butler, October16, 1925.
6. The initial 20 acres of land donated by “L.L. Scroggs and family” was Strange family land, passed down to Lillian Strange Scroggs, who was L. L. Scroggs wife and the mother of Fred O. Scroggs. The original acreage was augmented by the purchase of additional parcels.
7. [Attributed to] Olive Dame Campbell, “I Sing Behind the Plough,” (April 1938) 5.
8. Campbell, “I Sing,” 7. “Excerpts from the Memoirs of Leon F. Deschamps,” undated, unsigned typed document. A native Belgian, Leon Deschamps was married to May Ritchie, of Viper, Kentucky. The Ritchie family is interwoven throughout the Craft Revival story. Sisters May and Orlenia Ritchie were cornhusk doll makers; Edna and Jean Ritchie were musicians. For a very readable first-person account of the Ritchie family, see Jean Ritchie, Singing Family of the Cumberlands (New York: Oxford University Press, 1955). John C. Campbell Folk School newsletters: no. 1 (March 1926); no. 5 (April 1928); no. 3 (April 1927); no. 7 (May 1929). Daisy G. Dame, undated scrapbook, page 49, in the John C. Campbell Folk School Archive.
9. John C. Campbell Folk School 1 [school newsletter] (March 1926). Campbell, “I Sing,” 8. John C. Campbell Folk School 13 [school newsletter] (April 1932); no. 10 (Oct 1930).
10. John C. Campbell Folk School 16 [school newsletter] (Dec 1933).
11. John C. Campbell Folk School 4 [school newsletter] (Oct 1927). Marguerite Butler quotes are from two letters to her mother, written May 24, 1926 and another written on “Sunday afternoon,” circa 1926.
12. John C. Campbell Folk School 6 [school newsletter] (Nov. 1928). Allen Eaton spoke at the conference in 1926; Edward Worst in 1927. Olive Campbell attended both the 1928 and 1929 meetings, called to discuss the formation of a cooperative marketing guild. “Wood Carvings Occupy Places in White House,” Asheville Citizen, April 8, 1934. John C. Campbell Folk School 10 [school newsletter] (Oct. 1930).
13. Olive Dame Campbell to Camilla Short, Dec. 6, 1933. John C. Campbell Folk School 9 [school newsletter] (April 1930); no. 9 (April 1930). “Meeting of the [John C. Campbell Folk School] Corporation” May 7, 1932. John C. Campbell Folk School 16 [school newsletter] (Dec 1933).
14. John C. Campbell Folk School 25 [school newsletter] (Oct. 1940); no. 17 (April 1935); no. 25 (May 1941); John C. Campbell Folk School, The Brasstown Carvers with text by Bill Biggers, photographs by Werner Kahn and Bill Biggers (1990).
15. John C. Campbell Folk School 29 [school newsletter] (Oct 1947); no. 7 (My 1929). “Folk School is Approved for Vets,” undated, unknown newspaper clipping mounted in John C. Campbell Folk School Archive scrapbook #2. | <urn:uuid:fa21601e-e609-42d3-92cc-6a52d74cd529> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://wcu.edu/library/DigitalCollections/CraftRevival/story/campbell.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988725470.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183845-00076-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970018 | 4,833 | 3 | 3 |
Character determines one’s destiny, and one’s good character is laid in the early stage. In early education, the cultivation of character should be put in the first place, which is the top priority. People’s character is multifaceted. The following six aspects are the basis of good character. If you have these six character qualities since childhood, other good qualities will naturally derive when you grow up.
Brave and confident
Infants’ courage and self-confidence are mainly manifested in their fear of darkness, ghosts, loneliness, small animals, strangers and strange environments. If a child feels that he is cute, even if it is just a subconscious feeling, he will show his confidence and emotion, which is completely different from his proud, impolite and unfriendly character.
Happy and lively
Happy children like to laugh rather than cry, carefree. Being lively is not only active, but also noisy. Lively children have six performances:
Lively expression: the facial expression is rich and vivid. You can see the emotions such as smile, happiness and worry. You can joke with adults;
Lively mouth: express and spit words clearly, like telling stories, guessing riddles, saying tongue twisters, etc;
Lively perception: remember what you have seen, heard and done quickly, and recognize the color, shape and direction clearly;
Hands lively: can work, can do manual work, raise small animals, plant flowers and grass, and have dexterous hands;
Lively body: good at singing and dancing, love to play games, love sports, etc;
Lively thinking: like to ask questions, discuss, argue, read and so on. | <urn:uuid:00ea731d-8e60-46c3-9147-46bdd737acb8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.motherread.net/childcare/3-6-years-old/six-golden-characters-that-children-should-cultivate-from-childhood-11510.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00677.warc.gz | en | 0.954768 | 351 | 3.4375 | 3 |
Now that you have read the first and second installments of Should You Supplement? and restored your Omega-3 levels within your healthy nutritional plan; it’s time to look into another common supplement which may help you achieve optimal health.
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) is an essential nutrient that we humans cannot manufacture so it must be obtained through the consumption of various fruits and vegetables. Some of the best food sources for vitamin C include;
Vitamin C is one of many antioxidants that can protect against damage caused by harmful molecules called free radicals, as well as toxic chemicals and pollutants like cigarette smoke. Free radicals can build up and contribute to the development of health problems. I’m sure most people could give one or two examples of the symptoms and diseases that vitamin C helps to treat, and potentially prevent. Some are proven, and especially where prevention is concerned, many still need more proof through scientific studies to tout the useful aide of this vitamin. Some of the symptoms and diseases treated and possibly prevented with vitamin C include:
- Cardiovascular disease
- Skin aging
Vitamin C may also have many positive benefits for proper body function including:
- Improve macular degeneration
- Lowering of cholesterol
- Formation of collagen
- Reduction of inflammation and joint soreness
- Absorption of iron
- Maintenance of proper immune system function
- Maintenance of healthy cartilage, bones, and teeth
- Reduction of asthma
- Reduction of cortisol levels
- Wound healing
There is no doubt that vitamin C is necessary for a healthy lifestyle but there are the questions of what happens if I get too little, what happens if I take too much, how much should I take and how often? These questions do not have easy answers because it really depends on the person and the current situation they are in. Through the research I have done I will give you my general findings.
According to Elson M. Haas M.D. ; “For most purposes, vitamin C in many forms of use is nontoxic.” Both he and Dr. Eric Serrano agree that vitamin C is not stored in the body with excess amounts being excreted through the urine. Overdose is not much of a factor and not serious for most adults consuming under 5-10 grams/day. The most common side effect of too much consumption is diarrhea.
Hass states that, “Many medical problems have been found to be associated with low blood levels of vitamin C. These problems include various infections, colds, depression, high blood pressure, arthritis, vascular fragility, allergies, ulcers, and cholesterol gallstones.” Seems like if you had to choose between the two, it may be better to have too much than two little, however the optimal amount is ideal, so what is that optimal amount?
The RDA (Recommended Daily Allowance – By The Food And Drug Administration) recommends 60 milligrams per day for adults to maintain normal body functions but is this recommendation too small? As stated earlier in the article, vitamin C is a factor in so many body functions it seems that the amount needed should be dependent on other factors in our daily lives. Hass explains that vitamin C needs are increased with all kinds of stress (physical, emotional, and environmental). It is important to note that smoking decreases vitamin C levels along with birth control pills, estrogen for menopause, cortisone use, and aspirin.
Both Dr. Hass and Serrano recommend doses higher than the suggested RDA daily dosage. Suggestion for vitamin C use is about 2–10 grams per day for an active and healthy person. Hass explains his reason for suggesting higher doses depend on the needs of the individual, “Requirements for vitamin C vary and may be higher according to state of health, age (needs increase with years), weight, activity and energy levels, and general metabolism. Stress, illness, and injuries further increase the requirements for ascorbic acid.”
Vitamin C is easily absorbed by the body with an average absorption rate of approximately 90% and it is best absorbed when doses are spaced out throughout the day. According to an article by Dr. Serrano, “Maximal absorption is attained by the ingestion of several spaced dosages of 500 mg to 2 grams throughout the day.” Vitamin C’s half-life is 3 to 4 hours. This means you need to take vitamin C every 4 to 6 hours to keep your levels elevated.”
Serrano recommends dividing doses three times daily. He claims that the most important times to take vitamin C are one hour prior to training and two hours after your workout is completed, “By ingesting 2 to 4 grams at these times the Cortisol response will be minimized and the antioxidant effect of vitamin C maximized.”
As we have seen, vitamin C is a very important vitamin for optimal health and supplementing with doses higher than the RDA suggested levels may be beneficial for an active individual looking to build a strong body and prevent or even combat certain illnesses and diseases. The Vitamin C Foundation has a list of the amount of milligrams of vitamin C found in popular foods. http://www.vitamincfoundation.org/usda.html. Peppers have the highest amount of vitamin C content at just less than 2 grams and oranges have a measly 0.059 grams. The point being that supplementation of vitamin C may be necessary to maintain optimum levels. Serrano suggests a time released vitamin C pill and to never buy chewable tablets because the acid can destroy tooth enamel.
Personally I do supplement with vitamin C and consume about 4-8 grams spaced out over the day. I take about 2-4 grams in the morning and then about 1 gram dosages spaced throughout the day. If I feel like I’m getting sick I increase the dosages. I get my vitamin C supplements from Wholesale Nutrition.
Along with a balanced and healthy diet, supplementing a little vitamin C a few times a day may be just what we need to build the best bodies we can inside and out. | <urn:uuid:33144784-415d-4f23-aaa6-bd9d0646b025> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.riseabovestrength.com/should-you-supplement-vitamin-c-the-key-to-many-doors-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00074.warc.gz | en | 0.938284 | 1,302 | 2.59375 | 3 |
In my recent talk in Dublin, I defined fiscal austerity in a way that is not generally applied, but which I think makes sense. The most common usage is simply an attempt to reduce the budget deficit by cutting spending or raising taxes. The problem with that, as I remember Nick Rowe complaining, is that it becomes identical to the term fiscal consolidation. We could say that austerity is just lots of fiscal consolidation, but that seems weak.
Common usage tends to assume that austerity does some harm: not just to the individuals affected by any cuts or tax increases but for the economy as a whole. Indeed if you look at what google says when you ask for a definition, we get:
“difficult economic conditions created by government measures to reduce public expenditure”
That is different from fiscal consolidation, because consolidation in itself need not lead to ‘difficult economic conditions’. If fiscal consolidation is offset by monetary expansion, there is no reason for the economy as a whole to experience any difficulties.
What I suggest is making this definition a little more precise. I want to define austerity as
“fiscal consolidation that leads to a significant increase in involuntary unemployment, or perhaps more formally but less colloquially as leading to a noticeably more negative output gap.”
If you think this is what most economists mean in practice, I would agree. But they do not always define it this way, even when they should know better. In addition, under my definition the term ‘expansionary austerity’ would make no logical sense, but the term is widely used. Last and probably least, Wikipedia define it as fiscal consolidation rather than the way I suggest.
The advantage of my definition is that I am able to make two clear statements. First, for the global economy or for an economy with its own central bank and floating exchange rate, austerity is generally completely unnecessary, because fiscal consolidation can be delayed until a time when monetary policy is capable of offsetting it. This means that austerity could have been completely avoided over the last five years in the UK, US and the Euro area as a whole. Second, for a member of a monetary union which requires more fiscal consolidation than union members on average, austerity will follow fiscal consolidation, but only to the extent that it enables the internal devaluation necessary to bring about the real depreciation required to offset that consolidation. Austerity will only be limited in this way if the union’s central bank follows appropriate policies. It seems highly likely that excessive austerity occurred in the Eurozone periphery because the ECB delayed introducing these appropriate policies.
To see me give chapter and verse justifying these statements, you will have to wait until I write up the paper! | <urn:uuid:8aed5b9f-6ab4-43ec-946a-19dbdad70fa7> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://mainlymacro.blogspot.com/2015/12/defining-austerity.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280266.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00499-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960369 | 547 | 2.3125 | 2 |
The skeletal remains of at least six people have been discovered inside two cars found at the bottom of a lake in Oklahoma.
The Oklahoma Highway Patrol said the cars had been found in Foss Lake, near Elk City, during a training session with a new sonar device.
The first was an early 1950s model Chevrolet car that had three bodies inside.
It was initially believed to include a couple who were last seen in Canute in the 1960s and were reportedly on their way to Foss Lake - but were never seen again.
But it was later suggested the car belonged to Alvi Porter, who went missing 44 years ago when he was 69 years old.
The second car pulled from the lake had three bodies inside, believed to be teenagers reported missing from the Sayre area in 1970.
They could be that of 16-year-old Jimmy Allen Williams, 18-year-old Leah Gail Johnson and 18-year-old Thomas Michael Rios.
The teenagers were reported missing on November 27, 1970, and were last seen riding around Sayre in Jimmy Williams' 1969 Chevrolet Camaro.
Custer County Sheriff Bruce Peoples told KWEY radio: "It's just been under water for 40 years. It's a mucky mess."
Authorities have not formally identified the bodies.
Debbie McManamman was 13 years old when her grandfather Alvi Porter went missing.
"I remember that green car," she said.
"It's sad. I can see his tall, lanky body walking up to the car. He always had a smile on his face.
"It's been very traumatic. I can remember my dad having dreams at night and getting in the car as soon as he finished his day job, taking my mom, and they would look and look and look."
It is thought the car belonged to Mr Porter, prompting new questions as to the identity of the other two bodies.
Mrs McManamman added: "There's a lot of mystery, it's a mystery."
Betsy Randolph, a spokeswoman for the Oklahoma Highway Patrol, said the vehicles were located by dive teams last week.
"So they went back and did a scheduled dive today and were going to recover the cars," she said.
"When they pulled the cars out of the water, the first one that came out they found bones in the car.
"We thought it was just going to be stolen vehicles and that's not what it turned out to be, obviously." | <urn:uuid:b0d53a8a-5d4f-4a4c-80f6-10eaad780704> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://uk.news.yahoo.com/foss-lake-skeletal-remains-found-vintage-cars-042534800.html?.tsrc=yahoo | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281574.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00026-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.993842 | 512 | 1.640625 | 2 |
|2020ok Directory of FREE Online Books and FREE eBooks|
Authority In The Modern State
by Harold Joseph Laski
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Laski, Harold J. Authority in the Modern State. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1919. x, 398 pp. Reprinted 2003 by The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. LCCN 2002072858. ISBN 1-58477-275-1. Cloth. $85. Laski [1893-1950] intended this work to be a sequel to Studies in the Problem of Sovereignty (1917). He argues that sovereignty is best understood as a type of authority, and he supports his case with examples drawn principally from modern French history. After tracing the origins of his subject, Laski considers the significance of Bonald, Lamennais, Royer-Collard and the Syndicalist movement. "This book is especially valuable because it warns us not to exaggerate the importance of law.. If the individuals in the legislatures and the departments of justice and on the bench do not stand for the best things men stand for, men begin to wonder whether, after all, that government ought to endure. (...) So, in order to make people loyal to the state, you must make the state the kind of institution that they want to be loyal to. Such is the lesson of this very able book." Zachariah Chafee, Jr., Harvard Law Review 32:979-83. Laski was a professor at Harvard at the time of publication. He was Justice Holmes' protege and notes in his preface that some of the ideas in this book were drawn from their discussions. Their letters were later published (Howe, Mark DeWolfe, Holmes-Laski Letters. The Correspondence of Mr. Justice Holmes and Harold J. Laski, 1916-1935. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1953. 2 vols).
Related Free eBooks | <urn:uuid:4cfc5240-6ce0-444d-9485-0d4f7eb82eec> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://2020ok.com/books/45/authority-in-the-modern-state-10845.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00051-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.918282 | 452 | 2.40625 | 2 |
TEAS Exam Help
Jun 17, '13
736 Views 1 Comments
I'm taking the TEAS in a couple weeks. I bought the verion V study guide and I'm studing and making flash cards. What should I focus on while studing?
Jun 17, '13
I got a 91 on TEAS on my first try just by reading the study guide provided by ATI and doing the practice quizzes. It provides very simple explanations that are great refreshers of bio, chem, and older math you may not have used since high school.
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There was a time when a stolen election in an African state, with a few hundred dead, would hardly have raised eyebrows—let alone been condemned by leaders of neighboring countries. In the days of Zaire's Mobutu Sese Seko and Uganda's Idi Amin, mass murder was more the rule than the exception; so it was in Rwanda 14 years ago, and, more recently, in Congo and Sudan. Throughout it all, most African leaders kept carefully quiet, loath to publicly criticize their colleagues.
But Africa has changed profoundly since then, and Robert Mugabe might be feeling a little nostalgic. As the violence in Zimbabwe exploded recently in the run-up to the second round of the presidential election—which Mugabe was determined to steal—the chorus of condemnation became deafening. From fellow Marxist revolutionaries like José dos Santos of Angola to former supporters like Tanzania's President Jakaya Kikwete, leaders in most nearby countries expressed revulsion at the way Mugabe turned the June 27 runoff into a blood-drenched farce. Even Nelson andela, who's famously reticent to remonstrate other African leaders, decided he'd had enough. On June 25, he used the occasion of his 90th birthday to publicly condemn the "tragic failure of leadership" in Zimbabwe. Mandela didn't mention any names, but it was clear whom he was talking about.
This unprecedented criticism is partly a testament to Mugabe's thuggery. In the six-week-long campaign, at least 80 and as many as 500 opposition figures were murdered by thugs from the ruling ZANUPF, according to human-rights activists; the victims included the wife of the mayor of Harare, a member of the opposition Movement for Democratic Change. The MDC itself pulled out of the vote with just days to go after its leader, Morgan Tsvangirai, took refuge in the Dutch Embassy and decided further campaigning would only get more of his supporters killed. In a phone interview, Tsvangirai accused Mugabe of pressing a campaign of terror against the party, which won a parliamentary majority in the first round of voting in March. "Most of our M.P.s are in hiding now or have left the country," he says.
As Mugabe squeezed, Zimbabwe's already desperate economic crisis worsened. Inflation, which topped 165,000 percent in February (according to Reuters)—already the highest in the world—recently hit a mind-boggling 30 million percent, according to Harare's Financial Gazette. Bread sells on the black market for 3.5 billion Zimbabwean dollars a loaf. As the U.S. ambassador in Harare, James McGee, put it, "Mugabe turned Zimbabwe from the breadbasket of southern Africa into its basket case."
Yet none of this quite explains the growing African contempt for a man once seen as a revolutionary hero. After all, Mugabe's brutal behavior is hardly new. Although in 1980, at the time of his election, Mugabe was hailed by President Jimmy Carter as "a notable world leader," he was never the model citizen his positive press suggested. He did show surprisingly clemency to the white citizens of the former Rhodesia, including their leader, Ian Smith, after overthrowing white rule in 1979. But by 1983 Mugabe had declared his dream of a one-party state that ZANUPF would "rule forever," and he quickly set about massacring his opponents.
What has changed is Africa. In the past four years, according to the U.S. State Department, there have been more than 50 democratic elections at all levels continentwide. Sierra Leone, Liberia and Mozambique recently held reasonably fair national votes, and even Kenya's contested poll produced a representative government in the end. Almost three quarters of sub-Saharan nations are now classified by Freedom House as "free" or "partly free"—up from less than half in 1990. With the rise in democracy has come a waning of revolutionary solidarity; gone are the days when Africa's big men stood shoulder to shoulder in the all-consuming fight against imperialism.
In splitting his allies, "Mugabe has done the unthinkable," says Prof. John Makumbe, who teaches political science at the University of Zimbabwe. "We are seeing an unprecedented departure from the normal practice of African heads of state, which was to stand solidly behind any other African leader." Nicholas van de Walle, an expert on the region at Cornell University, notes that Mugabe is now "bad for business. He's destroying tourism in neighboring Botswana and Zambia and Malawi. He's dragging down the whole region. And there is the issue of refugees," which are destabilizing nearby countries.
The 14-state Southern African Development Community includes some of Africa's most progressive young democracies, and they have become especially strident in their criticism. Levy Mwanawasa, the president of Zambia and the chair of the SADC, has called Mugabe's behavior "a terrible embarrassment to us all"; Rwandan President Paul Kagame says the election was "a joke." Rwanda is a particularly stark contrast to Zimbabwe, and represents the new Africa to Mugabe's old one. Though Kagame himself is sometimes criticized for refusing to tolerate dissent, he has managed to stop cold the bloodshed and ethnic strife that almost tore his state apart in 1994, and he has built an IT-heavy economy that charted an impressive 6.3 percent GDP growth rate last year.
As Mugabe's isolation grows, he's dragging down the reputation of one other leader with him: South Africa's President Thabo Mbeki. Though appointed by the MDC as point man on Zimbabwe, Mbeki has refused to denounce his old ally. (Namibia and Malawi have also kept mum, but given their size, that's less significant.) The South African's stubborn silence is hurting his standing at home and abroad. Public opinion in South Africa has turned strongly against Mugabe, due especially to the arrival of some 3 million to 4 million Zimbabwean refugees. Jacob Zuma, chairman of the African National Congress (Mbeki's party), has called the situation in Zimbabwe "out of control"; trade unions have blocked imports to the country, and Archbishop Desmond Tutu, who once defended Mugabe as a fellow revolutionary, recently blasted him as a "sort of Frankenstein." On June 23, the U.N. Security Council did issue a declaration, which South Africa endorsed, denouncing the runoff and urging that the first round of voting be respected—the first time the United Nations has condemned Mugabe. Still, Mbeki's indolence has seriously damaged his already tarnished reputation. "It's a horrible black mark on a man whose focus on an African renaissance included so many good ideas," says Michelle Gavin of the Council on Foreign Relations. "Now he's being associated with enabling a brutal dictator and the utter collapse of another country." Sasha Polakow-Suransky, a South African author and journalist, says "Mbeki's refusal to take a tougher stance" has cost his government "a great deal of credibility in the eyes of the world" and "left a leadership vacuum in the region."
As Mbeki fiddles, Zimbabwe burns. Western diplomats in Harare worry the violence will continue after the election, as part of "Operation Inky Finger"—in which government thugs target voters who stayed away from the polls and hence didn't get telltale ink marks. In the days before the vote, MDC workers continued to flee, many seeking refuge in South Africa's embassy or heading over the borders as so many ordinary folk have already done. These refugees highlight one of the many pressure points Mbeki could exploit if he really decided to influence Mugabe. South Africa could seal its borders with its landlocked neighbor and cut its power supply. Unless it does, Mugabe seems likely to remain in charge. He may be a dinosaur with no place left in modern Africa. But before he goes, he may still take plenty of his fellow citizens with him. | <urn:uuid:1e78ff1a-7fe7-4998-b981-e65f42bcda28> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.newsweek.com/african-nations-growing-contempt-stolen-elections-91257 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00155-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.976287 | 1,642 | 1.898438 | 2 |
La France est le plus bel endroit sur terre! For those of you still learning the language of love, this is translated to “France is the most wonderful place on earth!” But what is it about France that everyone admires? Why should you consider France as a study abroad destination? If you are in this predicament, continue reading, and you might be convinced that studying in France would be a dream come true.
Are you an art lover? An admirer of fine wine and artisan cheeses? Are you passionate about fine cuisine, or cutting-edge fashion? If you’re into any of those things, you may already realize that...
...studying abroad in France will satisfy your tastes with some of the finest offerings in the world.
A Visual Feast
France’s incredible history of fine art is told within the many museums around the country. Everyone’s heard of the Musée du Louvre, one of the world’s best-known museums dedicated to showcasing art throughout the ages, and home to da Vinci’s famed Mona Lisa. At the center of Paris, the Louvre holds nearly 35,000 objects from prehistory to the 19th century. If you are an art lover, this is first place to start — allow several days (or weeks, or months …) to absorb all that the Louvre contains.
For those of you not studying abroad in Paris, no need to worry — there are more than 100 other famous art museums around the rest of France. Other notables are:
- Musée Ingres. This museum in Mantauban is devoted to the work of the painter Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres.
- Musée Toulouse-Lautrec. Located in Albi and situated in the walls of the Palace of Berbera, the museum houses over 1,000 pieces of work.
- Musée de la Tapisserie de Bayeux. This museum, located in Bayeux, Normandy, is devoted to the art of the tapestry. It’s famous for showcasing the 70-meter-long embroidered linen canvas depicting the conquest of England by William, Duke of Normandy.
A Feast For The Palate
If you are a foodie, you are pretty much guaranteed to fall in love with France. Although the French cooking we know today was originally inspired by Tuscan cuisine when Catherine de’Medici married France’s Henry II, the French have built on this knowledge over the centuries, making French cuisine one of the greatest culinary powerhouses in the world. In Paris alone, there are more than 9,000 restaurants, and each one is worthy of a visit.
If you study abroad in France, you will find that a lot of restaurant dishes are not considered “traditional.” These plates are influenced by “nouvelle cuisine,” a period in the 1960’s where innovative thoughts and ideas entered the minds and kitchens of chefs, creating new dishes and techniques.
A major facet of French cuisine is wine. The French were the original kings of wine, with world-famous wine-growing regions such as Burgundy and Champagne. (You should know that only true champagne comes from the latter region — clearly a legitimate reason to visit!)
A Fashion Feast
Since the seventeenth century, fashion designers in France have paved the way in style and innovation, making France one of the most famous couture capitals in the world. Styles such as “la mode” dating back to the reign of Louis XIV, Haute Couture originating in Paris in the 1860’s, and the famous “New Look” in 1947 from Christian Dior, all came from France. Even the establishment of the fashion press, Vogue, was founded here in 1892, as well as the beginning of fashion shows and couturier houses. Examples of French designers read like a who’s who of fashion greats: Louis Vuitton, Coco Chanel, Paloma Picasso, Yves Saint Laurent, Karl Lagerfeld, Christian Lacroix, Jean Paul Gaultier, and Sonia Rykiel. Design students will find a wealth of inspiration and motivation when studying fashion in France.
A Feast for the Nose
When it comes to the art of perfume, no country can come close to the intricate methods and style that the French professionals have developed. True French fragrances come from the perfume makers in the small town of Grasse, northwest of Nice. Here, the fertile land produces flowers with intoxicating aromas such as jasmine, lavender, myrtle, rose, and mimosa. Perfumes are created by extracting the fragrances from the blossoms by either maceration (where flowers are soaked in a liquid that will absorb their fragrances), or by distillation. This creates essential oils which are then blended in just the right combinations to make some of the priciest perfumes on earth.
Something for Everyone
France is home to extravagant and famous castles, especially in the Loire Valley. If you are a beach bum, you can get sunshine and fabulous festivals along with your lessons near the French Riviera. If you are a history geek, consider all of the stories, architecture, and famous people that were established here: Marie Antoinette, who lived in the Palace of Versailles; Madame Tussaud; Madame Curie; the Phantom of the Opera, Les Miserables, Beauty and the Beast, The Hunchback of Notre Dame; the list goes on and on. Don’t forget about the architecture either! Think about being able to visit the top of the Eiffel Tower, Notre Dame, the Louvre, the artists’ quarter of Montmartre, and the Moulin Rouge. Also, remember where France is located: it’s a prime hub for European travel by train or air, as well as one of the best places for Alps skiing.
Poursuivre vos Étude (Continuing Your Education)
Studying abroad in France is made simple by the sheer number of programs to choose from, all over the country. While a medium-sized city, like Grenoble, may have just two or three universities, Paris has 13 established universities that offer a large number of concentrations. | <urn:uuid:b6b67cef-9c6f-4b4a-aa78-51074549a41d> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.goabroad.com/articles/study-abroad/study-in-france-a-feast-of-the-senses | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988725475.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183845-00510-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.935771 | 1,314 | 1.867188 | 2 |
Over the past 15 years, MedShare has shipped more than 1,100 ocean containers filled with urgently needed medical supplies to 96 countries around the world. Emory Healthcare and Emory University have long served as major allies in helping MedShare accomplish its mission. Through Emory, MedShare has been able to connect with hundreds of volunteers willing to offer their time and expertise. Volunteers sort, inspect and pack unused and unexpired medical supplies, which are then shipped to hospitals and clinics in developing countries. In fact, Emory volunteers have contributed 1,739 hours in the past 18 months alone.
On Saturday, December 20, 2014, nurses from the Wound Ostomy and
Continence Nursing (WOCN) Department at Emory Healthcare went above and beyond a normal volunteer role. MedShare collects a large volume of ostomy supplies, but lacked the medical expertise to organize these items into detailed categories. This is an essential step for shipping supplies abroad. Doctors and nurses in the hospital will directly order the supplies they need from MedShare, ensuring they only get what is useful and necessary. Yet this can’t happen unless MedShare’s categories are exactly on point. By putting their specialized knowledge to work at MedShare’s southeast distribution center, Emory’s wound ostomy and continence nurses made this all possible.
Alvaro McRae, MedShare’s volunteer program manager, first spoke with Martha Tamblyn, RN, WOCN, about their department volunteering on Emory Cares Day. “She was very open to helping, and having her team involved with developing our ostomy sort was the perfect project,” said McRae. Martha then helped MedShare develop the 24 product classifications needed to sort our ostomy supplies.
The WOCN Department volunteer group, including Dorothy Doughty, Rose Murphree, Cynthia Timms and her two sons, were part of a three-hour Saturday session that sorted over 200 pounds of ostomy products at MedShare for the first time in three years, creating a blueprint for future ostomy product sorts. After the session, Dorothy Doughty, director of the WOC Nursing Education Center (WOCNEC), and Rose Murphree, WOCNEC’s program director, offered ideas how to make it easier for volunteers without a medical background to assist in future sorts of ostomy products, and how to box these particular supplies to enhance the quality of packaging for our partner hospitals and clinics around the world.
The team has already signed up for another volunteer shift in March to complete the ostomy sort they began in December. The Wound Ostomy & Continence Nursing team’s skills and expertise will be felt around the world as our partner hospital put these supplies to work treating patients and saving lives. | <urn:uuid:302a5f52-0da4-40b9-95be-fdef240a10cd> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://medshare.wordpress.com/tag/medical-supplies/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720238.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00189-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955851 | 577 | 1.8125 | 2 |
Stop by any library branch on May 7th or after and pick up a comic book totally for FREE! Since 2002, comic shops have been giving out free comics to their customers on the first Saturday in May. (The branches that are closed on Saturday May 7, 2011 will have them to give out on Monday May 9, 2011). This celebration of comics and comic book stores has grown over the last nine years to include author visits, costume contests and all sorts of other events. Downtown Comics decided to include the library in all the fun, and they donate comics to all our branches for us to pass along to you! So visit us, get something for free and check out the library’s collection of graphic novels available to borrow. We have everything from your favorite superheroes to independent comics and manga. For more info click Free Comic Book Day or Downtown Comics.
What is a Comic Book? (Try Wikipedia) What do comic books consist of? (Check out Comic Book Resources) Where can you find comic books? First start at your local library (www.imcpl.org ) and look in the nonfiction section of 741’s. Next you could visit different comic book stores around town, or around your neighborhood. Graphic novels are also available at bookstores.
The Amazing Spider-Man, The Complete Clone Saga Epic Book1 TEEN 741.5 COM
Havoc by Chris Wooding TEEN FIC WOO
Mike Mignola’s B.P.R.D. (10) The Warning by Michael Mignola TEEN 741.5 MIG | <urn:uuid:5db4fb79-a9b5-47c9-84a6-bd75a6c58f16> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.imcpl.org/teenscene/?p=2833 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00361-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.946618 | 328 | 2 | 2 |
SALT LAKE CITY — Just a few years ago, the U.S. economy was at one of the lowest points in history with double digit unemployment and falling market conditions that left many wondering if it would ever recover.
Well, according to some analysts, the answer is a resounding “yes.”
It took more than five years, but it now appears that the stock market is poised to climb to a new all-time high. In October 2007, both the Dow Jones Industrial Average and the Standard & Poor’s 500 hit their historic record highs of 14,164 and 1,565 respectively. Both are currently within percentage points of their historic highs.
"We’ve come a long way in what seems like a relatively short period of time,” said Jason Ware, market strategist with Albion Financial Group, a Salt Lake City-based money management firm. “It wasn’t that long ago that we were all concerned about American capitalism. (This) would be a very important milestone to hit.”
The Dow Jones Industrial Average is a stock market index created by Wall Street Journal editor and Dow Jones & Co. co-founder Charles Dow. The average is named after Dow and one of his business associates, statistician Edward Jones.
Founded in May 1896, the index shows how 30 large, publicly-owned companies based in the United States have traded during a standard trading session in the stock market.
The S&P 500 is an index based on the market values of 500 leading companies that are publicly traded on the U.S. stock market as determined by financial services firm Standard & Poor's. The S&P 500 index — which began in its present form in March 1957 — is widely employed as a measure of the general level of stock prices.
The Dow index closed at a 12-year low of 6,547 on March 9, 2009, after an intra-day low of 6,470 during the March 6 session. On the same day, the S&P index fell to a nearly 13-year closing low at 677.
As the indexes approach their respective record-high levels, Ware said the milestone should indicate a strengthening economy after several years of recessionary struggle.
“We seen a lot of improvement in corporate profitability,” he said. “But individual investors are not quite sure this (improvement) is real.”
He said because of the economic uncertainly of the past few years, some people have been reluctant to participate in the recent growth in the stock market, but that could change when they realize how strongly the market has recovered.
“There has been a lot of doubt and a lot of naysayers concerning the economy,” Ware said. “But if you look at the underlying economic data, it looks pretty encouraging.”
He added, ”Things are much better than they were four years ago.”
He said because the stock market “is healthier now,” there is reason to believe that the nation should begin to experience a period of “sustained economic growth” over the next few years.
One of the main implications to the overall economy will be that the market will begin expanding, which could boost fortunes on many fronts, said Mike Cooper, David Eccles professor of finance at the University of Utah.
“When the market goes up, economic sentiment goes up,” he explained. “We then usually see that firms in the U.S. economy start to invest more and start to grow more — which usually means more jobs.”
He said that historically as the stock market has offered higher returns, corporate investment increases as they add “new factories, plants and employees.”6 comments on this story
Overall, Cooper said, the milestone would likely have a positive impact on the national economy.
“When market volatility is low, there is not a lot of uncertainty,” he explained. “People are feeling better, sentiment is up … so all these things bode well for economic growth.” | <urn:uuid:43bc74d1-8431-4947-a462-c719c03509ce> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865572318/Market-indexes-approach-record-highs.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281226.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00379-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.973376 | 846 | 2.171875 | 2 |
After 50 years of honoring the town’s most beautiful and lush landscaping, La Cañada Valley Beautiful has launched a new award to honor those yards that are green in more ways than one.
Each month the club will issue a Green Award to residents crafting lovely landscapes using drought-tolerant plants that require less water and are a better match for the local climate, said President Linda Fults.
“As much as we love lawns and the beautiful gardens that take a lot of water, if you look around town, you see people who are making a big change in their landscape,” she said.
The winner of the inaugural Green Award, Nicole Johnson of 5011 La Cañada Ave., said she’s happy to receive the recognition for her front yard. In addition to its array of cacti, other succulents and carefully placed stones, the garden has sprouted a plaque identifying it as the La Cañada Valley Beautiful Green Award winner.
Johnson said that when she and her husband purchased the home a little over a year ago, the front garden already included cacti. But inspired by the Getty Center’s cactus garden, Johnson said they wanted to improve their property’s aesthetics while maintaining the drought-resistant theme.
“We could definitely appreciate the benefits of having that garden in the front,” she said. “Cactus can be a little hard and sharp, so we did add a few grasses and some other plants, like the sticks of fire, which also is a succulent but adds some softness to the garden.”
Johnson, a transplant from the Northeastern United States, said she is continuing to expand her use of drought-resistant landscaping.
“With having these kinds of plants here we don’t have in the northeast, I’ve been able to start some container gardens in the back with these succulents,” she said.
Fulks said offering the award is a natural step for the club. La Cañada Valley Beautiful is responsible for re-landscaping the La Cañada Flintridge Library grounds with drought-tolerant and native plants. Fulks said that all the plants used at the library are marked so residents interested in rethinking their gardens can get ideas of what might work for them.
City Councilmember Laura Olhasso offered the idea for the new award, Fulks said.
Olhasso said she thinks the award fits in with the club’s mission.
“La Cañada Valley Beautiful has done, and continues to do, such a wonderful job with making us aware of drought resistant landscaping, I just thought it would be a great segue to offer an award,” she said.
In a city rich with lush, water-intensive landscaping, the new award is a step toward improving sustainability, said Olhasso.
“Lawns take up the largest amount of water in the city,” she said. “Water’s a precious resource and we can’t always count on having as much as we need.”
Nicole Johnson’s garden is proof that you don’t need a lot of water to create a beautiful garden.
“Sometimes we turn off the water to that area and forget about it for a couple weeks,” she said. | <urn:uuid:9ebd38bd-3fcf-455d-87cb-54eea5d68a14> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.mcall.com/tn-gnp-0105-la-canada-valley-beautiful-cultivates-new-landscape-award-story.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282202.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00558-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960108 | 707 | 1.804688 | 2 |
UON’s Professor John Aitken Wins Prestigious Reproductive Science Award
Thursday, 3 March 2016
Laureate Professor John Aitken from the University of Newcastle has been announced as the 2016 recipient of the prestigious Carl G. Hartman award, which recognises a researcher’s outstanding career and scholarly activities in the field of reproductive biology.
The Society for the Study of Reproduction (SSR) is the world’s largest Society representing reproductive biology. The prize is the SSR’s highest award and, in the past, has been awarded to some of the biggest names in the field of reproductive science.
“I felt surprised, delighted and unworthy in the same instant,” Professor Aitken said of receiving the news.
The Carl G. Hartman award has been bestowed for 47 years and, during that time, has previously only been given to one scientist working outside of North America.
“That occasion was last year in 2015, when the award was presented to another Australian, Professor Roger Valentine Short FRS from the University of Melbourne,” Professor Aitken said.
By happy coincidence, Professor Short was Professor Aitken’s PhD supervisor at the University of Cambridge in the early 1970’s.
“The list of previous winners reads like a who’s–who of our field, including giants like Ryuzo Yanagimachi, John Eppig, and Michael Griswold who I have looked up to for as long as I can remember. It is humbling and exhilarating in equal measure to be considered in the company of such pioneers.”
Professor Aitken joined the University of Newcastle in the late 90s, and is now a leader of a 50-strong research team studying fertility and contraception, which has attracted almost $50 million in funding.
“The support I have received since arriving at the University of Newcastle has been instrumental in allowing our group to be so productive,” he said.
He has been recognised on numerous occasions for his ground-breaking work in the field of reproductive biology, however, he says there is no greater reward for a scientist than to continue to win the approbation of his peers.
“Prizes such as the Carl G Hartman award tell us that our research centres and the University in which they are embedded are, in reality, first class institutions that can hold their own with the best in the world.
“We have a group of extremely talented, passionate young researchers in our Centre who will face the future with renewed confidence knowing that the research program of which they are such an integral part, has been rated so highly.” | <urn:uuid:9de807f5-da49-4bdb-953c-242c171fa115> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.newcastle.edu.au/newsroom/featured-news/uons-professor-john-aitken-wins-prestigious-reproductive-science-award | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721027.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00550-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970595 | 557 | 1.679688 | 2 |
Neighbors will meet Saturday morning at the South Berkeley Community Church to discuss the city’s plans to revitalize the Adeline Corridor. All are invited.
Unlike prior meetings organized by the city, this session is community driven: “We are NOT affiliated with the City of Berkeley. We are neighbors who care about each other and want to shape the future of our area plan,” according to a flier created to promote the event.
Organizers said attendees will “discuss and help shape our community values … to have a voice in creating an inclusive, fair and just proposal for the Adeline Corridor Plan.” (See the meeting flier.)
Last year, the city of Berkeley won a $750,000 planning grant from the Metropolitan Transportation Commission to fund a planning process focused on the Adeline Corridor that’s set to look at everything from community character and business activity to open space, jobs, housing, parking, sidewalks and lighting, historic preservation and transit.
Read more about Adeline Street in past Berkeleyside coverage.
The area covered by the grant includes the Lorin District commercial area; the Berkeley Bowl, Walgreens and Any Mountain shopping area; the Ed Roberts Campus and parking lot; the Ashby BART station and parking lot; and the intersections of Ashby and Alcatraz avenues with Adeline.
The South Shattuck area is also involved, including the auto dealership cluster, an approved 155-unit mixed-use development project called Parker Place, and the Sports Basement store in the former Berkeley Iceland skating rink, according to a prior statement. That translates into 100 acres in Berkeley, from Dwight Way south to 62nd Street, according to the city.
According to the organizers of Saturday’s meeting, neighborhood concerns include affordable housing, retaining racial and economic diversity, local jobs, “building community power,” transparency and accountability from the city, and community safety through street improvements.
They also listed health and wellness, support for social services and local artists, and “Honoring our elders and youth, especially Black leaders and institutions,” as among their priorities.
The neighborhood group met in April and, according to organizers, more than 70 people attended that session.
Meanwhile, the city is continuing its own efforts in relation to the planning process, using site tours, pop-up planning events, focus groups, surveys and interactive workshops in an effort “to use community engagement to craft a vision for the future of the Adeline Corridor.”
In January, the city held a meeting that drew an estimated 120 people, many of whom said they are very concerned about diversity in the neighborhood.
Staff has since launched what the city has termed “IDEA Centers” to collect community input.
One — in a space donated by the Firehouse Art Collective — is located at 3192 Adeline St., and has been open since April 20. It “provides a convenient drop-in location for people to learn about the planning process, ask questions and share their ideas for the future of the Adeline Corridor,” according to the city. The center is open Mondays from 3-7 p.m. and Thursdays from 11 a.m. to 3 p.m.
There’s also a mobile IDEA Center that will “pop up” at various locations the first and third Saturdays of the month through June. Find it next on Saturday, May 16, at the Ashby Flea Market in the Ashby BART Station south parking lot. (That same day, the city has scheduled an organizational meeting — at the South Branch Library, 1901 Russell St., from 10:30 a.m. to 12:30 p.m. — geared toward people who want to help with outreach for the plan.) The project website will include information about future locations for the pop-up IDEA Center.
There are several other ways to get involved as well:
- Community survey: The city has created a brief online survey to gather information about what people find special about the Adeline Corridor, and what they would like to see changed. There’s also a PDF available.
- Community events: The city will have a booth at the Berkeley Juneteenth Festival on Sunday, June 21.
- Email list: Receive updates and event announcements from the city about the planning process by joining the Adeline Corridor Plan email list.
Saturday’s meeting will take place from 10 a.m. to noon at the South Berkeley Community Church, at 1802 Fairview St. Connect with the neighborhood group by email at email@example.com. Questions about the city’s efforts with the Adeline Corridor effort can be directed to project manager Alisa Shen at 510-981-7409 or firstname.lastname@example.org. Read more about the grant in past Berkeleyside coverage. See the city’s project website here.
The city of Berkeley did a study of the Adeline Corridor in 2005. A local resident has compiled a website with news articles and documents addressing changes in the area.
LeConte residents express concern about Berkeley Honda’s move to site of Any Mountain (04.02.15)
Diversity in Berkeley raised as concern at Adeline session as planning process takes off (02.09.15)
Public meeting on Adeline Corridor on Saturday (01.30.15)
$750K grant may bring big changes to South Berkeley (08.19.14)
Berkeley kicks off Adeline Corridor improvements push (03.27.14)
Sacramento Street clean-up efforts continue in Berkeley (03.24.14)
Berkeley’s Sacramento Street corridor on the rise (11.01.13)
South Berkeley neighbors ask city for help to improve (04.19.13)
New street banners give Berkeley neighborhoods identity (03.04.13)
With open doors, Firehouse Bazaar creates community (08.23.11)
Do you rely on Berkeleyside for local news? Support independent journalism by becoming a Berkeleyside member for $5 a month or even less, or by making a one-time donation. | <urn:uuid:fd5af23e-d7f1-44a6-ab9e-b166ef5cc080> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.berkeleyside.org/2015/05/08/neighbors-hold-adeline-corridor-meeting-saturday | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00475.warc.gz | en | 0.940187 | 1,291 | 1.5625 | 2 |
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When Steve Bronski, who has died aged 61 following a fire at his home, formed Bronski Beat with Jimmy Somerville and Larry Steinbachek in 1983, the British synth-pop trio brought overtly political comment to the electronic dance songs they wrote and performed.
The American magazine Spin described them as “perhaps the first real gay group in the history of pop”.
Their debut single, “Smalltown Boy”, stormed up the British chart to No 3 the following year with a hypnotic mix of Bronski and Steinbachek’s melodic synthesiser lines, offbeat percussion and Somerville’s falsetto vocal repeating: “Run away, turn away, run away, turn away, run away.”
The inner groove on the 12in version of the single had the telephone number of the London Gay Switchboard etched into it and the song told the tale of a homosexual teenager leaving behind his home town, family and prejudice for a new life in London. The promotional video portrayed all three band members being beaten up by a homophobic gang.
It came from Bronski Beat’s first album, The Age of Consent (1984), which featured songs directly relevant to the gay community and reached No 4 in the charts.
The LP’s inner sleeve listed, alphabetically from Austria to Yugoslavia, the age of consent for gay sex in more than 30 countries around the world and noted it to be “completely illegal” in some countries such as Russia and Ireland. Overall, though, it highlighted discrimination in Britain, where the age was still 21, compared with 16 for heterosexuals.
In 2019, Bronski told Classic Pop magazine: “We were just three openly gay men writing songs about our lives.”
He and his bandmates had two more top 20 singles from the album. “Why?”, dedicated to playwright Drew Griffiths, murdered in a homophobic attack in 1984, was followed by “It Ain’t Necessarily So”, from George and Ira Gershwin’s opera Porgy and Bess, where it is sung by a black drug dealer questioning the literalism of the Bible.
For their fourth hit, they reworked the album medley of the Donna Summer hit “I Feel Love” and John Leyton’s No 1 “Johnny Remember Me” to include Summer’s disco classic “Love to Love You Baby”. With a catchier musical backing track and Soft Cell singer Marc Almond duetting with Somerville, it hit No 3 in the chart.
Following tensions within the group, Somerville left in the summer of 1985 to form The Communards, although he was featured on “Run for Love”, which had already been recorded with the intention of being released as the next single.
Instead, it was featured on the album Hundreds & Thousands (1985), which sold well despite consisting mostly of remixes from the first LP.
When vocalist John Foster – credited as “Jon Jon” – replaced Somerville, the group had two more top 20 hit singles, “Hit That Perfect Beat” (1985), also featured in the film Letter to Brezhnev, and “C’Mon, C’Mon” (1986), as well as a successful album, Truthdare Doubledare (1986).
But Foster then left and Bronski Beat went through several vocalists – including Jonathan Hellyer when they toured the US and Europe – before disbanding in 1995.
Bronski, the group’s guiding light, kept the memories alive by teaming up with singer Stephen Granville and “programmer” Ian Donaldson – who had played keyboards with the band in the 1990s – to rework The Age of Consent, retitled The Age of Reason, in 2017.
He was born Steven William Forrest in 1960 and grew up in a council house in the Castlemilk area of Glasgow. Later, he took his stage name from a character in German author Gunter Grass’s 1959 novel The Tin Drum.
While working by day as a labourer and stagehand, he spent evenings playing bass guitar in a country and western group.
After moving to London, Bronski entered a relationship with Steinbachek, then a BT phone engineer, and moved with him into a flat in Brixton where Somerville also lived.
Steinbachek had built a four-track music studio in his bedroom there and he and Bronski experimented with synthesisers. When they discovered that Somerville could sing, they began adding keyboard parts to his vocals.
Somerville suggested performing as a band after discovering that September in the Pink, an LGBT+ arts and music festival, was being planned in London. They put together a demo tape that landed them a spot.
For the rest of autumn 1983, the band performed in pubs and were distinctive for Bronski and Steinbachek standing behind their twin synthesisers, with Somerville front of stage.
A fourth member, a bass guitarist known only as Fred, was dispensed with after two performances when the others decided they preferred playing as a trio.
After only nine gigs – including one on the same bill as Billy Bragg – they were offered a recording contract with music journalist Paul Morley’s ZTT label but turned it down, saying he wanted to market them on the basis of their sexuality (he succeeded in signing Frankie Goes to Hollywood).
Instead, they went with London Records, which released their songs on the Forbidden Fruit label.
They also headlined the 1984 Pits and Perverts concert at London’s Electric Ballroom to raise funds for the Lesbians and Gays Support the Miners campaign, an event included in the film Pride 30 years later.
Performing “I Feel Love” as an encore at another benefit gig during the miners’ strike, Bronski dressed in drag, wearing a silver wig, six-inch red stilettos and a green goddess body stocking.
After Somerville’s departure, apart from Hundreds & Thousands (1985), Bronski Beat released only one other album, Rainbow Nation (1995), with Hellyer on vocals, before splitting up. Their unreleased 1987 LP, Out & About, was made available online in 2016.
They also duetted with Eartha Kitt on the single “Cha Cha Heels”, which skirted the British top 30 in 1989.
Bronski continued in the music business as a producer for artists in the US and Belgium, and remixed All Living Fear’s “Stranger to None” and Electrobronze’s “Flowers in the Morning” (both 2007). From 2000, he spent a decade living in Thailand.
Steinbachek, who moved to Amsterdam and became musical director of a Dutch theatre company, died of cancer in 2016.
Bronski suffered a stroke shortly after the release of The Age of Reason album.
Steve Bronski, musician, born 7 February 1960, died 7 December 2021 | <urn:uuid:2da2a25d-efc4-4e91-91eb-63ff1584a80d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://uk.news.yahoo.com/steve-bronski-121258444.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00670.warc.gz | en | 0.96792 | 1,508 | 1.523438 | 2 |
WASHINGTON -- The National Institutes of Health (NIH) announced Thursday that it will partner with three drug companies -- Pfizer, AstraZeneca, and Eli Lilly -- to make data on two dozen already researched, but mostly discarded, molecular compounds available to academic researchers in hope of developing new disease treatments.
The scale of the partnership is unprecedented, according to Kathy Hudson, PhD, acting deputy director of the NIH's newly created National Center for Advancing Translational Science (NCATS), which is in charge of the collaboration.
Under the pilot collaboration, the drug companies will make available all the research data on compounds that stemmed from years of research and millions of dollars. The 24 compounds have already been tested in humans, meaning there is detailed information available for dosing, pharmacology, and toxicity.
The compounds at one time held promise as disease treatments, but research on them has since sputtered and in some cases stalled.
Yet those compounds could prove to be treatments for other diseases.
"Many of the compounds may have other potential uses; we just need to do the research to identify them," Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius told reporters.
The compounds would likely be used for research on any of 4,500 diseases for which the genetic causes are now known, thanks to the mapping of the human genome.
Many of those diseases are rare diseases, said NIH director Francis Collins, MD. Some compounds could provide clues to treatments for neurological diseases as well, he said.
Rod MacKenzie, PhD, head of pharmatherapeutics research and development at Pfizer, agreed about that the compounds may hold answers for neurological diseases. "If I had a wish, it would be we'd find something that would lead to a breakthrough in Alzheimer's disease," MacKenzie said during the press conference.
Collins pointed to a few compounds that started off as potential treatments for one disease, didn't work, and then were found to be effective for a different disease.
One prime example: azidothymidine, or AZT, which was originally developed as a cancer treatment. It wasn't effective in treating cancer, but it was later found to be the first effective medicine for HIV.
Or the drug thalidomide, which was developed to treat morning sickness, but was pulled from the market in the early 1960s after it was found to cause birth defects. However, it was later found to be an effective treatment for multiple myeloma.
Under the collaboration, researchers -- either in the private industry, in academia, or with the government -- could apply for an NIH grant to investigate a given compound provided by any one of the drug companies.
If a researcher discovered an effective treatment for a disease or condition using a compound developed by a drug company, the researcher would have intellectual property rights, and the company would still own the rights to the drug. (The government would not get royalties from the findings, except if the investigator worked for NIH.)
It take an average of 14 years and $2 billion to move a drug from lab to clinic, Collins said.
The compounds being included in the pilot collaboration are about halfway through a traditional development program, so the drug companies have invested between 5 and 7 years and tens of millions of dollars in their development, MacKenzie said.
Hudson said the government is not releasing the list of specific compounds that will be available for another month, when it will make an announcement about how researchers can apply for the grants.
President Obama's proposed fiscal 2013 budget calls for $575 million for NCATS, which will house the collaboration. Of that proposed budget, $20 million in 2013 would go toward grants for academic scientists to perform research on the compounds provided by drug companies, Hudson said. The program would be funded for at least $20 million annually in subsequent years.
NIH said it hopes to get other drug companies to join the collaboration. The center also plans to run projects that flow in the other direction, in which NIH would perform preclinical groundwork on promising compounds and then hand off the information to pharmaceutical companies that would refine the compounds into new drugs. | <urn:uuid:627f1d67-a30f-4d14-8f18-f151043749b8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.medpagetoday.com/washington-watch/washington-watch/32493 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.973136 | 840 | 3.125 | 3 |
Allergies of the Eye
Eye allergies, also known as allergic conjunctivitis, are a common condition that affect millions of Americans, causing redness, tearing and many other symptoms that can impair a patient’s vision and affect their overall quality of life.
Patients with eye allergies often experience:
- Red, itchy eyes
- Runny nose
- Sore throat
These symptoms are caused by triggers in the air, such as pollen, mold, dust or pet dander; or by certain foods or medications, which can result in a different type of allergy. These triggers affect the conjunctiva, the clear layer of skin over the eyes that is similar to the area of skin on the inside surface of the nose, another common source of allergy symptoms.
Treating eye allergies can most effectively be done by avoiding the specific triggers that cause your symptoms. If avoidance is not possible, patients can apply cold compresses to the eyes or use artificial tears or over-the-counter medication to relieve symptoms. Prescription eye drops or oral medications may also be recommended to relieve symptoms of eye allergies.
Astigmatism is a common imperfection of the corneal surface which distorts the refractory properties of the eye. The altered curvature of the cornea (or lens, in some cases) prevents the eye from focusing the image on the retina; the virtual image is situated slightly in front of or behind retina, giving the viewer blurred vision. The degree of severity varies greatly and usually occurs in conjunction with nearsightedness or farsightedness.
The visual deficits caused by astigmatism may be corrected by glasses, contact lenses or surgical intervention. Some minor cases may not need any treatment or correction at all, while the most severe cases may need to restrict themselves to either hard contact lenses or surgical correction; soft contact lenses may not be effective in extreme circumstances. Astigmatism is usually diagnosed during routine eye exams.
Blepharitis is a chronic inflammation of the eyelids and eyelash follicles that can be caused by:
- Seborrheic dermatitis
- Bacterial infection
- Dry eyes
- Poor eyelid hygiene
- Lice of the eyelash (rare occurrence)
These causes are associated with increased oil production of the glands near the eyelid, which traps bacteria and dirt, causing scaling of the irritated skin and excessive tearing. In addition, the eyelids may become crusty, swollen, itchy and reddened. In more serious cases, the eyelashes may fall out and sores may form on the eyelid. Complications can arise from blepharitis such as the infection spreading to the cornea as well as hastened chalazion and stye formation.
Treatment of blepharitis is usually limited to maintaining better hygiene around the eyelids. This may include some topical antibiotics and cessation of make-up use, but in many cases gentle cleansing of the area is all that is needed. Warm compresses can also help to lessen the symptoms and soothe the eye’s discomfort.
Your eye has a clear lens through which light passes, allowing you to see. When the lens loses its transparency, the cloudy tissue that develops is known as a cataract.
Cataracts cause progressive, painless loss of vision. The lens clouds naturally as we age, resulting in a gradual reduction of vision. No one is exactly sure what causes cataracts, but they can develop as a result of injury, certain medications, or illnesses such as diabetes. Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet light may also play a role in the formation of cataracts. Studies have also shown that people who smoke cigarettes have a higher risk of developing cataracts than non-smokers.
Although cataracts usually develop without apparent pain, some indications that a cataract may be forming are:
- Blurred or hazy vision
- Double vision
- Poor vision in bright light
- Seeing halos around lights
- Yellowish tinged vision
- Night vision difficulty
If visual impairment interferes with your ability to read, work, or do the things you enjoy, then you will want to consider cataract surgery. Cataract surgery is a relatively painless procedure. It has a very high success rate and more than 90 percent of cataract surgery patients regain useful vision.
A chalazion is a cyst caused by a blocked meibomian gland in the eyelid that is not infected. The chalazion forms when the oil it produces either becomes too thick to flow out or if a foreign body clogs the duct. This causes a backup of oil that subsequently inflames the area and may cause damage to the glandular apparatus. The patient will normally exhibit a hardened lump within the eyelid that may be red but will not be painful to touch.
This disorder will clear itself up within a month or two and treatment is normally not needed. However, topical antibiotic ointments and warm compresses may be prescribed in some cases. In more severe cases where the chalazion continues to enlarge after it has manifested, corticosteroid injections or surgical excision may be considered. | <urn:uuid:4d0e8b19-9e96-433b-a112-10c25c9b006f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.totaleyecaretexas.com/eye-conditions-page-1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00067.warc.gz | en | 0.931344 | 1,118 | 3.578125 | 4 |
Other ID: IB S-2-00-SC
Organization(s): USGS, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
Principal Investigator(s): Jonathan Borden
Information Specialist(s): Frances Lightsom
Data Type(s): Location-Elevation: Navigation, Time Series: Mooring (physical oceanography)
Scientific Purpose/Goals: Recover Moorings #605, 606, 607, 608, 609 and 610 from the Los Angeles Shelf, southern California.
Start Port/Location: San Diego, CA
End Port/Location: San Diego, CA
Start Date: 2000-05-23
End Date: 2000-05-25
Equipment Used: DGPS, Bottom platform
Information to be Derived:
Summary of Activity and Data Gathered: Successful recovery of all instruments: Mooring 605, Tripod, ADCP #187; Mooring 606, Surface, SC #1180, Trans # 235; Mooring 607, Tripod, ADCP #138; Mooring 608, Surface, SC # 392; Mooring 609, Tripod, MIDAS #5, MAVS #10009, ADCP #587, Press #68093, Cond #61, Temp #1313, RLS #16050; Mooring 610, Surface, SC #1181, Trans # 290. Moorings recovered: 6 (#605, 606, 607, 608, 609 and 610 all deployed FA 00021 SPROUL Jan. 11-13, 2000).
Staff: Jonathan Borden, Joseph S. Newell, Richard Rendigs
USGS Menlo Park: Marlene Noble
Notes: Original Center People field contained: Jonathan Borden, Richard Rendigs - at sea; Joseph Newell - shipping.
Project = LA Shelf, LA Shelf
Los Angeles Shelf, southern California, United States, North America, North Pacific;
|North: 34.05||South: 33.85||West: -118.7||East: -118.55|
Robert Gordon Sproul | <urn:uuid:3d1fee1c-4698-43b7-a783-d5706c1ccdfa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fa=2000-024-FA | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571987.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813202507-20220813232507-00275.warc.gz | en | 0.71317 | 503 | 1.625 | 2 |
EDWARD LLOYD, ESQUIRE, GOVERNOR.
appoint three persons of discretion and good judgment as commissioners,
to run and establish the line between said counties, and
such line, when so run and established, shall be the proper divisional
line between said counties for ever hereafter.
| 2. AND BE IT ENACTED, That it shall be the
duty of the said
commissioners, or a majority of them, as soon as they can conveniently
after their appointment, proceed to the discharge of their
duty, and in case of disagreement, they may appoint among themselves
one or more commissioners from an adjoining county, and
the commissioners, when assembled, shall proceed to the discharge
of their duty, first having severally taken an oath that they will,
respectively, without favour or prejudice, to the best of their skill
and judgment, run and establish the divisional line between Frederick
and Washington counties, as nearly as may be, agreeable to
the intent and meaning of the convention of seventeen hundred and
seventy-six; they shall appoint a surveyor, chain carriers, and
other proper necessary assistants in the performance of their duty.
|To take an oath
before they proceed
of their duties.
| 3. AND BE IT ENACTED, That the commissioners
aforesaid, or a
majority of them, after they shall have run out and established the
said divisional line, shall cause two plots of the same to be made
out, and shall make out also two several certificates, under their
hands and seals, specifying the courses, distances, marks and
boundaries, fixed and made by them, to designate the said line, one
of which said plots and certificates shall be returned to the clerk of
Frederick county court, and the other to be returned to the clerk
of Washington county court, to be recorded in the land record books
of said counties respectively.
line to make out
plots of the same.
| 4. AND BE IT ENACTED, That it shall be the
duty of the levy
courts of Frederick and Washington counties, to levy and assess
on the inhabitants of their respective counties a reasonable sum to
defray the necessary expenses arising in virtue of this act, one half
of which to be defrayed by each county.
to defray expenses.
An Act for the benefit of the people in Kent County called Quakers.
Lib. TH. No. 2, fol. 435.
Passed Dec. 23.
| WHEREAS certain members of the society of people
county called Quakers, have represented to this general assembly,
that the lots of land herein after particularly described, upon
which houses of public worship are erected, were heretofore conveyed
by the proprietors in trust for the use of the society, and
have been so held and considered, but that in consequence of the
death of all the parties to the original conveyances, the title to
the said parcels of land has now become doubtful, and have prayed
that the same may be confirmed according to the true intention of
the said original conveyance; and the same being thought reasonable,
| 2. BE IT ENACTED, by the General Assembly
of Maryland, That
all that lot or parcel of land lying in Kent county, being part of
two tracts of land called Warner's Addition and Warner's Adventure,
and included within the following lines; that is to say, beginning
at a stone near the road leading from Linche's gate to the middle
church, it being the beginning of a tract of land called Warner's
Addition, and running from thence south by east twenty-three
|Certain lot vested
in persons in trust
for society worshipping | <urn:uuid:75d048e9-c4e2-45f8-bddf-d4461028ffb4> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc2900/sc2908/000001/000192/html/am192--1044.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00043-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.939756 | 791 | 2 | 2 |
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Ontario is the first province in Canada to begin implementation of a demand-response program. As a member of the Ontario Power Authority's (OPA) DR3 program, Constellation NewEnergy has agreed to provide 25 MW of demand-response capacity, to reduce energy use during times of peak demand.
The OPA will compensate Constellation NewEnergy's customers who curtail energy use by shedding load or turning to on-site generation for a specific period of time when called upon. Once enrolled, participants earn a recurring availability payment for committing to the program as well as an energy utilization payment for actually reducing load. | <urn:uuid:d381cc0c-6063-4358-bb80-7aa5de65a466> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://tdworld.com/smart-energy-consumer/ontario-implements-demand-response | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00240-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.915864 | 157 | 1.898438 | 2 |
Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Roman Congregations
Certain departments have been organized by the Holy See at various times to assist it in the transaction of those affairs which canonical discipline and the individual interests of the faithful bring to Rome. Of these the most important are, without doubt, the Roman Congregations (Sacræ Cardinalium Congregationes), as is evident from the mere consideration of the dignity of their membership, consisting, as it does, of cardinals who are officially the chief collaborators of the sovereign pontiff in the administration of the affairs of the Universal Church. Nevertheless it should be noted that cardinals have not always participated in the administration of ecclesiastical affairs in the same way. A research on the various usages that have obtained in this connexion would lead us too far from our present subject, but is taken up under CARDINAL; CONSISTORY, PAPAL.
The Roman Congregations originated in the necessity, felt from the beginning, of studying the questions submitted for pontifical decision, in order to sift the legal questions arising and to establish matters of fact duly. This work, at first entrusted to the papal chaplains, was afterwards divided between the p nitentiarii and the auditores, according as questions of the internal or the external forum (i. e., jurisdiction) were to be considered. Thereafter, cardinals in greater or less number were associated with them. Often, however, they were not merely entrusted with the preparation of the case, but were given authority to decide it. As, on the other hand, the increased numbers of cases to be passed upon occupied a great number of persons, while the proper administration of justice required that those persons should be of the most experienced, it appeared to be advisable, if not necessary, to divide this business into various and distinct groups. This division would evidently facilitate the selection of wise and experienced men in all branches of ecclesiastical affairs. Hence also a natural division into executive cases, assigned to the offices (officia), judicial cases, reserved to the tribunals, and administrative cases, committed to the Roman Congregations.
Sixtus V was the first to distribute this administrative business among different congregations of cardinals; and in his Constitution "Immensa" (22 Jan., 1588) he generalized the idea, already conceived and partly reduced to practice by some of his predecessors, of committing one or another case or a group of cases to the examination, or to the decision, of several cardinals. By a judicious division of administrative matters, he established that permanent organization of these departments of the Curia, which since then have rendered such great services to the Church. The congregations at first established by Sixtus V were officially designated as:
- for Holy Inquisition;
- for the Signature of Grace;
- for the erection of churches and consistorial provisions;
- for the abundance of supplies and prosperity of the Church's temporal dominions;
- for sacred rites and ceremonies;
- for equipping the fleet and maintaining it for the defence of the Church's dominions;
- for an index of forbidden books;
- for the execution and interpretation of the Council of Trent;
- for relieving the ills of the States of the Church;
- for the University of the Roman study (or school);
- for regulations of religious orders;
- for regulations of bishops and other prelates;
- for taking care of roads, bridges, and waters;
- for the Vatican printing-press;
- for regulations of the affairs of the Church's temporal dominions.
From this it will be seen that, while the chief end of the Congregations of Cardinals was to assist the sovereign pontiff in the administration of the affairs of the Church, some of these congregations were created to assist in the administration of the temporal States of the Holy See. The number of these varied according to circumstances and the requirements of the moment; In the time of Cardinal De Luca there were about nineteen of them, as he himself tells us in his admirable work "Relatio Romanæ Curiæ forensis", without counting other congregations of a lower order, consisting of prelates, as were, for example, the "Congregatio baronum et montium" and the "Congregatio computorum".
Other congregations were added by different popes, until the present organization was established by Pius X in his Constitution "Sapienti consilio" of 29 June, 1908, according to which there are thirteen congregations, counting that of the Propaganda as only one. As, however, the last-named congregation is divided into two parts: Congregation of the Propaganda for Affairs of the Latin Rite, and Congregation of the Propaganda for Affairs of the Oriental Rites, it may well be considered as two congregations; so that the total number of the congregations is fourteen. Sixtus V granted ordinary jurisdiction to each of the congregations which he instituted within the limits of the cases assigned to it, reserving to himself and to his successors the presidency of some of the more important congregations, such as the Congregation of the Holy Inquisition and that of the Signature of Grace. As time went on, the congregations of cardinals, which at first dealt exclusively with administrative matters, came to pass upon the legal points of the cases submitted to them, until the congregations overshadowed the ecclesiastical tribunals and even the Roman Rota in fact almost took their places. In time the transaction of business was impeded by the cumulation of jurisdictions, different congregations exercising jurisdiction rendering decisions, and enacting laws in the same matters; Pius X resolved to define the competency of each congregation more precisely and to provide otherwise for the better exercise of its functions. It would not be possible to relate here all the changes effected in this connexion. The reader seeking detailed information may consult the commentaries that have already appeared on the Constitution "Sapienti consilio" (see General Bibliography at the end of this article). Mention will be made here of only the chief among those innovations which, besides the principal one of the demarcation of competency, are to be found in the following provisions.
All decisions of the sacred congregations require pontifical approval, unless special powers have been given previously by the pope. The officials of the congregations are divided into two classes: minor officers who are to be chosen by competitive examination and named by a letter of the cardinal prefect, and major officers, freely selected by the pope, and named by a note of the cardinal secretary of State. There is to be henceforth no cumulation of offices in the hands of one individual, not only to satisfy the requirements of distributive justice, but also because the tenure of several offices by the same person often results in detriment to the service. Wherefore, it is forbidden for an officer of one of the congregations to serve in any way as an agent, or as a procurator or advocate, in his own department or in any other ecclesiastical tribunal. The competency of the congresso in each congregation is determined. The congresso consists of the major officers under the presidency of the cardinal who presides over the congregation. It deals with the matters of less importance among those that are before the congregation, while those of greater moment must be referred to the full congregations of cardinals. It is also the business of the congresso to prepare for their discussion those matters that are to be considered by the full congregation. On the other hand, the congresso is charged with the execution of the orders of the full congregation that have received the approval of the pope. As examples of matters of greater importance which must be considered by the full congregation, the special rules (normæ peculiares) mention the solution of doubts or of questions that may arise in regard to the interpretation of ecclesiastical laws, the examination of important administrative controversies, and kindred matters. The normæ peculiares and the normæ communes, together with the Constitution "Sapienti consilio", constitute the entire code of the new organization of the Roman ecclesiastical departments.
As the Roman Inquisition (Romana Inquisitio) this congregation is of very ancient origin, dating from Innocent III (1194-1216), although some authorities attribute its establishment to Lucius III (1181-85). In the beginning of the thirteenth century Innocent III established at Rome an inquisitorial tribunal against the Albigenses and other innovators of the south of France. From its first title of Romana Inquisitio was derived the usage of calling this body Congregation of the Holy Roman Universal Inquisition. Sixtus V, in the Bull "Immensa", calls it Congregatio pro S. inquisitione and also Congregatio sanct inquisitionis hæreticæ pravitatis. Benedict XIV calls it Romanæ Universalis Inquisitionis Congregatio (Const. "Sollicita"). Later it had the official title Suprema Congregatio sanctæ romanæ et universalis inquisitionis. Pius X in his recent Constitution calls it, simply, Congregatio S. Officii. The qualification of Suprema was omitted, possibly to avoid the appearance of an inequality of dignity among the congregations, they being all of the same rank and dignity, since they are composed of cardinals. According to Leitner, the name Inquisition was suppressed in order to shield this congregation from the hatred inspired by that name. It retains, therefore, the title of Holy Office, so well suited to the most holy office to which it is assigned, namely, that of removing the faithful from the danger of deviation from the Faith through the influence of false doctrine. In 1251 Innocent IV gave the Dominicans charge of this tribunal. In view of the progress of the Reformation, Paul III, by the Bull "Licet ab initio", of 21 July, 1542, declared the Roman Inquisition to be the supreme tribunal for the whole world; and he assigned to it six cardinals. Simier (La curie romaine, cf. S. n. I) is of opinion that Paul III appointed the six cardinals of S. Clemente, S. Sisto, S. Balbina, S. Cecilia, S. Marcello, and S. Silvestro general inquisitors, with universal powers, not, however, to act collegialiter, as a tribunal, but individually and independently of one another. The Constitution "Licet ab initio" lends itself to that interpretation. But the Holy Office did not begin its existence as a congregation until 1558, in the reign of Paul IV. As time went on, the number of cardinals assigned to the Holy Office was increased, and the tribunal took a form like that of the other congregations. Formerly a cardinal used to be selected to preside over the Holy Office with the title of prefect; the first to be appointed to this charge was Cardinal Michele Ghislieri, afterwards Pius V. The prefecture of the congregation, however, has long been reserved by the pope to himself.
Like all the other congregations, the Holy Office has officials of the second order. The first of these is the assessor, one of the highest officers of the Curia; next comes the commissary, always a Dominican. Sometimes, as an exception, these two officials are invested with the episcopal character. Among the other officers who complete the personnel of the Holy Office are a vice-commissary, a first associate (socius), and a second associate, all Dominicans, also a sommista, a fiscal advocate, an advocatus reorum and some notaries.
It may appear strange that so many positions in this congregation are filled by Dominicans. The reason is to be found in the great solicitude of Pius V for the Holy Office, which solicitude led him to reserve all these functions for his fellow-Dominicans, especially those of the Province of Lombardy, to which he himself had belonged, and in whose members he reposed great confidence. It is to be observed that, whereas the assessor now takes precedence of the commissary, the contrary order obtained in former times, even in the days of Cardinal De Luca (Relatio curiæ forensis disc., 14, n. 6), for the commissary had the faculties of a true judge in ordinary, while the assessor was merely an assessor or consultor, as in other tribunals. According to Simier (La curie romaine, ch. i, n. I) this change occurred towards the middle of the seventeenth century. Besides the officers already mentioned, the Holy Office, like most other congregations, has a number of consultors, chosen from among the most esteemed and learned prelates and religious. Some are ex officio consultors by virtue of a right anciently granted; these are called natural consultors (consultori nati). They are the Master General of the Order of Preachers, the Master of the Sacred Palace (of the same order by a privilege granted by Pius V), and a religious of the Order of Friars Minor added by Sixtus V, himself a Friar Minor.
This congregation also has certain officers peculiar to itself, required by the nature of its attributes. They are the qualifiers (qualificatores), explained by the function of these officials, theologians whose duty it is to propose to the cardinals the particular note or censure by which objectionable propositions are to be condemned, since all such propositions do not affect the Faith in the same degree, and therefore are condemned by the Holy Office not in a general, but in a specific way, being termed heretical, erroneous, temerarious, false, injurious, calumnious, scandalous, or qualified by the ancient special phrase piarum aurium offensiv , "offensive to pious ears". Since the promulgation of the recent Constitution by the reigning pope, giving a new organization to the Curia, while all that has been referred to in regard to the internal status of this congregation has remained, a new division, to deal with indulgences, has been added to the Holy Office. For this division a congresso has also been established. Although no mention is made in the basic constitution of a congress (congresso) for the main part of this congregation, the Holy Office itself, the fact that it is said in the "Normæ peculiares" that the Holy Office shall retain its former methods of procedure insures to it a kind of congress analogous to that of the other congregations and consisting of the assessor, the commissary, the first associate, and a few other officers. Its duties are to examine the various cases, and to decide which of them must be submitted to the congregation of the consultors and which others may be disposed of without further proceedings, as is the case in matters of minor importance or of well-established precedent. The Decree often makes it clear that the case has been determined in this way, as when use is made of the formula: "D. N... Papa.. per facultates R. P. D. Assessori S. Off. impertitas..." The congresso of the new division consists of the cardinal, secretary, the assessor, the commissary, and the surrogate for indulgences.
The Congregation of the Holy Office defends Catholic teaching in matters of faith and morals: "Hæc S. Congregatio . . .doctrinam fidei et morum tutatur." Whence it follows, and is explicitly affirmed in the "Sapienti consilio", that the Holy Office deals with all matters which, directly or indirectly, concern faith and morals; it judges heresy, and the offences that lead to suspicion of heresy; it applies the canonical punishments incurred by heretics, schismatics, and the like. In this the Holy Office differs from all the other congregations, which are without judicial power, or, at least, may exercise it only at the request of the parties interested, while the Holy Office has both judicial and administrative power, since the legislator rightly believed that the congregation exclusively empowered to pass upon a doctrine, and qualify and condemn it as heretical, should also be the judge in heretical and kindred cases. From the fact that the purpose of this congregation is to defend the Faith, it follows that dispensation from the impediments of disparity of worship and of mixed religion (which by their nature imperil faith, and which, by Divine law itself is granted only upon guarantees given by the non-Catholic party) pertains to the Holy Office. The same is true of the Pauline privilege. And as the judicial causes connected with this privilege and with impediments of disparity of worship and mixed religion have a remote connexion with the Faith, it was declared that these causes belonged to the jurisdiction of the Holy Office (see decision of the Cong. of the Consistory, January, 1910). With regard, however, to the substantial form of the celebration of mixed marriages, the pope withdrew all authority from this congregation, wishing article 11 of the Decree "Ne temere" to remain in force.
The Holy Office formerly had a more ample jurisdiction, acquired by spontaneous development as time went on. Thus it dispensed from abstinence, from fasting, and from the observance of feasts (all of which now pertains to the Congregation of the Council); it dispensed from vows made in religious institutions, a function now exercised by the Congregation of Religious, and it dealt with the nomination of bishops, according to the Motu Proprio of Pius X (17 December, 1903), which business now belongs to the Congregation of the Consistory. In former times the Holy Office even dealt with causes of canonization, a matter which is now assigned to the Congregation of Rites. Grimaldi (op. cit. infra in general bibliography) gives as an example of such cases the Decree of the Holy Office in confirmation of the cult of the Blessed Colomba of Rieti, who died in the odour of sanctity at Perugia in 1507; and he adds: "Ce genre de causes est devenu ensuite l'apanage de la congrégation des Rites; mais si la vraie sainteté échappe actuellement à la juridiction de l'inquisition, ce tribunal a conservé le privilège de juger la fausse sainteté. Dans cet ordre d'idées nous trouvons les procès, qui se font en cour de Rome pour examiner les prophéties et révélations" (Causes of this kind afterwards became the province of the Congregation of Rites. But if true sanctity is no longer the jurisdiction of the Inquisition, that tribunal has kept the privilege of judging questions of spurious sanctity. Of this order are the processes carried on in the Roman Curia to examine prophesies and revelations). All persons are subject to the Holy Office except cardinals, who may be judged only by the pope.
Mention should be made of the strict secrecy which characterizes the proceedings of this congregationa most prudent measure indeed, for the protection of the good name of individuals in a congregation which must deal with most grievous offences against the Faith. Grimaldi (op. cit.) rightly says, speaking of the secrecy of the Holy Office: "Le saint-office ayant à s'occuper des délits commis non seulement contre la foi, mais encore d'autres qui ne relèvent que de très loin de l'intelligence, il s'ensuit qu'être cité à ce tribunal n'est pas une recommendation, et en sortir même par la porte d'un acquitement, ne sera jamais un titre de gloire. Aussi doit-on bénir ce mystère qui protège celui qui comparait devant ce tribunal, et dont le procès se déroule sans qu'aucune phase n'en ait transpiré dans le public" (As the Holy Office has to deal not only with offences against the Faith, but also with others which are very remotely connected with the intelligence, it follows that to be cited before this tribunal is no recommendation, and to leave it, even by the door of acquittal, will never be a title to glory. We should bless that mystery which protects him who appears before the tribunal and whose trial proceeds without any phase of it becoming public).
For the discussion of matters before the Holy Office there are three kinds of reunions, or, as they are called, congregations. The first is the so-called congregation of the consultors at which the consultors and the greater officials of the congregation are present under the presidency of the assessor. This meeting is held on Monday of each week in the Palace of the Holy Office behind the colonnade of St. Peter's. The most important matters are discussed at this meeting, and the views of the consultors are given for the enlightenment of the cardinals of the Holy Office, who, on the following Wednesday, consider the same matters and pass judgment upon them at the congregation of cardinals which used to be held at the residence of the general of the Dominicans near Santa Maria sopra Minerva, but since 1870 has been held at the Palace of the Holy Office. The third congregation is held in the presence of the pope, who approves or modifies the decisions rendered by the cardinals on the previous day. This third congregation, formerly held every Thursday, is now held only on occasion of the most exceptional cases. Instead of the congregation, the assessor refers the decisions of the cardinals to the Holy Father on Wednesday evenings, after which the pope gives the final decision. It was formerly customary, both at the congregation of cardinals and at that of Thursdays in the presence of the pope (coram Sanctissimo), for the consultors to wait in the antechamber in case they might be called upon by the cardinals or the Holy Father for explanations. This custom has been abolished.
As regards the doctrinal value of Decrees of the Holy Office it should be observed that canonists distinguish two kinds of approbation of an act of an inferior by a superior: first, approbation in common form (in forma communi), as it is sometimes called, which does not take from the act its nature and quality as an act of the inferior. Thus, for example, the decrees of a provincial council, although approved by the Congregation of the Council or by the Holy See, always remain provincial conciliar decrees. Secondly, specific approbation (in forma specifica), which takes from the act approved its character of an act of the inferior and makes it the act of the superior who approves it. This approbation is understood when, for example, the pope approves a Decree of the Holy Office ex certa scientia, motu proprio, or plenitudine suâ potestatis. Even when specifically approved by the pope, decrees of the Holy Office are not infallible. They call for a true assent, internal and sincere, but they do not impose an absolute assent, like the dogmatic definitions given by the pope as infallible teacher of the Faith. The reason is that, although an act of this congregation, when approved by the pope specifically, becomes an act of the sovereign pontiff, that act is not necessarily clothed with the infallible authority inherent in the Holy See, since the pope is free to make the act of an inferior his own without applying his pontifical prerogative to its performance. Similarly, when he acts of his own volition, he may teach ex cathedra or he may teach in a less decisive and solemn way. Examples of specific approbation of the Decrees of the Holy Office which yet lack the force of ex cathedra definitions are given by Choupin ("Valeur des décisions doctrinales et disciplinaires du Saint-Siège", Paris, 1907, ch. ix, sect. 9). The disciplinary Decrees of the Holy Office have the same force as those of the other congregations, that is, they are binding upon all the faithful if they be formally universal; and they are binding only upon the parties interested if they be merely personal, e. g., judicial sentences, which are law for the parties in the case. If, however, they be personal and at the same time equivalently universal, canonists are not fully agreed as to their force. For a discussion of this point see Choupin, op. cit., ch. iv, sect. 33, and the authors cited by him.
This congregation was established by Sixtus V under the title of Congregation for the Erection of Churches and for Consistorial Provisions (pro erectione ecclesiarum et provisionibus consistorialibus). Its original organization was somewhat different from that of the modern congregations of cardinals. It was a mixed congregation composed of cardinals and of prelates, similar to the original Congregation of Propaganda (De Luca, op. cit., dis. 23). It had also a secretary who, as a rule, was not a prelate but an advocate (peritus togatus). As time went on it took the form of the other congregations, which consisted entirely of cardinals, to whom, in this congregation, two subaltern officers were added, one who filled the office of secretary and another who acted as surrogate (sostituto). These two prelates filled the same offices for the College of Cardinals. Originally, the cardinal dean was the prefect of this congregation, but later, the prefecture was reserved by the pope to himself. The recent Constitution of Pius X has in part changed the organization of this congregation. The prefecture is still retained by the sovereign pontiff, and the congregation is formed exclusively of cardinals, selected by the pope; the secretary, however, is no longer a prelate but a cardinal priest, who is appointed by the Holy Father himself and who, as will be seen, has become one of the most important officers of the Curia. To the cardinal in control of the congregation is attached a prelate who has the title of assessor, and who, at the present time also, is the secretary of the Sacred College. There is, likewise, a surrogate. These are major officials, and therefore, together with the cardinal secretary, form the congresso. This congregation has numerous inferior officers. At present, its personnel is completed by several consultors, as had been the case in former times, before that office was suppressed. These consultors, with the exception of two, are selected by the pope; the exceptions are the assessor of the Holy Office, and the secretary of the Congregation of Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs, who are ex-officio consultors of the Congregation of the Consistory.
The work of the congregation formerly was to prepare the matters to be proposed and examined in the Consistory, and to bestow such honours on ecclesiastics who sought them as it might seem fit to grant. The new constitution, however, has greatly extended the scope of the Congregation of the Consistory, to the degree that, although in that Constitution the latter is named second among the congregations, it might be considered the first in importance, on account of the great number of matters which have been assigned to it, and its great influence in the affairs of the Church from both the disciplinary and the administrative point of view. The Holy Office, however, retains its priority, whether by reason of ancient custom or because it deals with matters concerning the Faith. The great volume of the business which now falls to the Congregation of the Consistory and the great importance of the matters with which it has to deal have necessitated a division of the congregation into two very distinct parts, corresponding to two distinct classes of business. One section of the congregation has been formed for the purpose of preparing the business to be brought before the Consistory; to establish in places, not subject to Propaganda, new dioceses and collegiate as well as cathedral chapters; to elect bishops, Apostolic administrators, suffragans or assistants of other bishops; to prepare the processes in such cases and to examine the candidates in doctrine. As regards these processes, it may be observed that when the appointment is to be made in a place where the Holy See has a diplomatic representative, the preparation of the necessary documents is left to the office of the cardinal secretary of State, which is in a position more easily to obtain the necessary information and to collect the necessary documents. These documents and information are transmitted to the Congregation of the Consistory, which prepares the report, or official sheet, on the matter to be distributed among the cardinals. The other section of this congregation transacts all the business that relates to the government of dioceses not under Propaganda: within its scope is the supervision of bishops in regard to the fulfilment of their duties, the review of reports on the state of their Churches presented by bishops, announcements of apostolic visitations, the review of those previously made, and, with the approval of the sovereign pontiff, the prescription of necessary or opportune remedies; finally, the supervision of all that concerns the government, discipline, temporal administration, and studies in seminaries.
It is clear that the legislator intended to give to the Congregation of the Consistory complete authority in all that relates to a diocese as a juridical institution, including its establishment and its conservation; whence the power of electing bishops, of supervising them in the performance of their duties, and of controlling the seminaries so intimately connected with the future of the dioceses. For the same reason it would appear that the Congregation of the Consistory has authority in all that pertains to the creation of diocesan societies or committees, rural banks, and kindred establishments within a diocese. On the other hand, a very high function was given to this congregation in the new organization of the Curia, namely, the power of settling any doubts in relation to the competency of the other congregations, exception being made for the Holy Office, which is empowered to determine for itself all such doubts. Nevertheless, the Holy Office did not disdain to submit to the judgment of the Congregation of the Consistory a question that arose in regard to the competency of the former, after the promulgation of the Constitution "Sapienti consilio", It is the duty of the Congregation of the Consistory to send to bishops the invitations to assist at solemn canonizations or other solemn pontifical ceremonies, according to ancient custom.
Its proceedings are characterized by the same strict secrecy that marks the deliberations of the Holy Office. As to the division of business between the congresso and the full congregation of cardinals, the same arrangement obtains as in the other congregations, which is to leave to the congresso the matters of minor importance while matters of greater interest are considered in the full congregation. Among such matters are the nomination of bishops or of Apostolic administrators (except, in regard to the latter, in cases of urgency, in which the congresso acts alone), the creation of new dioceses, or the unification of existing ones, the erection of chapters, the drafting of general rules for the direction of seminaries, and other similar matters the enumeration of which would take us beyond the necessary limits of this article.
This congregation, which owes its existence to the recent Constitution "Sapienti consilio", exercises a great influence upon ecclesiastical discipline through the authority given to it in its establishment, to regulate all sacramental discipline. Its numerous and important duties were formerly divided among the other congregations and offices. As regards matrimony, for example, causes of matrimony ratified and not consummated were referred to the Congregation of the Council, dispensations for the external forum were granted by the Dataria or, in certain cases, the P nitentiaria; many matters relating to the Sacrament of the Eucharist belonged to the Congregation of Rites. Many other examples could be cited; now, however, all such matters pertain to the Congregation of the Sacraments, excepting the rights of the Holy Office, as said above, and the power of the Congregation of Rites to determine all that concerns the ceremonies to be observed in the administration of the sacraments. With so wide and important a field of activities, this congregation required a special organization. Accordingly, besides its cardinals, one of whom is its prefect, it has a secretary, who deals with all the matters referred to it, and who was later given three sub-secretaries — a feature in which it differs from all other congregations. Each one of these sub-secretaries is the director of one of the following sections of the congregation.
A. The first section deals with all matrimonial dispensations, except those that imply disparity of religion, which pertain to the Holy Office. With regard to these dispensations it is important to note the distinction introduced by the Special Rules between impediments in the major degree and impediments in minor degree, and correspondingly between major and minor dispensations. Minor dispensations concern impediments of relationship or affinity of the third and the fourth degrees in the collateral line, whether of equal degrees, or of unequal degrees — i. e., of the fourth degree with the third or of the third degree with the second. Minor dispensations are also given from impediments of affinity in the first degree, or in the second degree, whether simple or mixed — i. e., of the first with the second degree — when this impediment arises from illicit relations, or from spiritual kinship of whatever nature, or from impediments of public decorum, whether arising out of espousals or out of ratified marriage already dissolved by pontifical dispensation. Dispensations from these minor impediments are now granted ex rationalibus causis a S. Sede probatis, which means that none of the reasons formerly required, called canonical, are now necessary for obtaining the dispensations in question. Moreover, these dispensations are supposed to be given motu proprio and with certain knowledge, from which it follows that they are not vitiated by obreption or by subreption. The other impediments, and therefore the other dispensations are considered as of the major order, and the Special Rules show that the dispensations of this order more frequently granted are those relating to the impediment of consanguinity in the second collateral degree, or the mixed second or third degree with the first; those relating to affinity of the first or of the second equal collateral degree, or of the second or third with the first; finally, those relating to crime arising from adultery with a promise of future marriage.
B. The second section of the Congregation of the Sacraments also deals exclusively with matrimony, and exercises its functions in all matters concerning that sacrament, except dispensations from impediments. Of its competency, therefore, are the concessions of sanatio in radice, the legitimation of illegitimate children, dispensations from marriage ratified and not consummated, the solution of doubts concerning matrimonial law, and the hearing of causes concerning the validity of marriages. In regard to the latter, however, it is to be noted that, the new Constitution on the Curia having established a complete separation between those departments which exercise judicial power and those which are administrative, and, on the other hand, the very nature of matrimonial causes making it impossible to determine them administratively, this power granted to the Congregation of the Sacraments should be interpreted reasonably, in such a way as not to be at variance with the spirit of the new Constitution. It seems, therefore, that this faculty should be held to signify only that, in special cases, in which the sovereign pontiff, for special reasons, might consider it desirable to withdraw a matrimonial cause from the Rota, and submit it to the judgment of a congregation, the Congregation of the Sacraments should be considered the competent congregation under such circumstances. It must be admitted, further, that if a matrimonial cause be brought before this congregation, the congregation may, if it please, hastily review any matrimonial cause brought before it and reject it, if found futile, ab ipso limine. If, however, the cause be found admissible, the congregation should refer it to the Rota (unless there be a special commission of the pope to the contrary), seeing that the very nature of causes concerning the matrimonial bond, in which not private interests are at issue but the public welfare, demands that those causes be determined judicially, and not administratively.
None of this, however, applies to dispensation from a ratified, but not consummated, marriage, because the nature of such a case requires that it be determined administratively, since it relates to the concession of a grace. This does not do away with the necessity of establishing beyond doubt the non-consummation, or the existence of the requisite conditions for the dispensation, since these conditions constitute the proof that the sovereign pontiff has power, in the concrete case under consideration, to grant the dispensation validly and licitly, and therefore come within the domain of administrative power. On the other hand the congregation is always free to refer to the Rota the establishment of the fact of non-consummation.
C. The third section of this congregation deals with all matters concerning the other six sacraments than matrimony. It has authority in all matters touching the validity of ordinations, in all matters of discipline that concern these six sacraments and also the dispensations in such matters. In the Special Rules, as examples to illustrate the competency of this congregation, specification is made of some of the dispensations or graces reserved to it; these may be mentioned here for the guidance of those who may wish to apply to the Holy See. This section grants permission to preserve the Blessed Sacrament in churches or chapels which are not so authorized by common Law; to celebrate Mass in private chapels, exercising over them due supervision; to celebrate Mass before dawn, after midday, or in the open air; to celebrate Mass on Holy Thursday, or the three Masses of Christmas, at night, in private chapels; to wear a skull-cap or a wig either while celebrating Mass or in the exposition of the Blessed Sacrament; to blind and partially blind priests to celebrate the Votive Mass of the Blessed Virgin; to celebrate Mass aboard ship; to consecrate a bishop on a day other than those established by the Pontifical, or to confer Holy orders extra tempora, that is, on other days than those appointed by law; finally, to dispense the faithful — even members of religious orders — from the Eucharistic fast in cases of necessity.
The competency of this congregation is limited in relation both to persons and to places; its authority does not extend to places subject to Propaganda, or to members of religious orders, who for dispensations, relating even to the sacraments, must go to the Congregation of Religious (an exception being made in regard to the Eucharistic fast, as stated above). As to the sacrament of matrimony, however, the competency of the Congregation of the Sacraments is universal in relation to place; objectively, however, all that concerns the impediments of mixed religion or of disparity of worship and the Pauline privilege pertains exclusively to the Holy Office.
When the Council of Trent had brought its gigantic work to an end, the Fathers were greatly concerned for the practical application of their disciplinary decrees. The council therefore made a strong appeal to the sovereign pontiff to make provision for this important end, as is shown by the last (the twenty-fifth) session of the council, entitled De recipiendis et observandis decretis. Pius IV, in his zeal for the execution of the Decrees of the Council of Trent, besides other measures taken by him to this end (see the Constitution "Benedictus Deus" of 26 January, 1563), by a Motu Proprio of 2 August, 1564, commissioned eight cardinals to supervise the execution of the Tridentine Decrees and gave them ample faculties to that end, providing however, that cases of doubt or of difficulty, as he had already decreed in the Constitution "Benedictus Deus", should be referred to him. In this Motu Proprio, Pius IV referred to the congregation of cardinals thus created as "Congregatio super exsecutione et observatione S. Concilii Tridentini". As time went on, and in view of the interpretation of frequent doubts, the congregation received from the successors of Pius IV the power also to interpret the Decrees of the Council of Trent, so that Sixtus V, in his Constitution "Immensa", already calls it "Congregatio pro exsecutione et interpretatione Concilii Tridentini", a title given to it before his time. Gregory XIV afterwards conferred upon it authority to reply to questions in the name of the pope.
The number of cardinals composing the Congregation of the Council was never restricted to eight, for to that number, which had been assigned by Pius IV, four more were soon added. The number was generally greater than the original eight, and always variable, depending upon circumstances and upon the wishes of the Holy Father. One of its cardinals has the office of prefect, it also has a secretary, and that office has always been filled by eminent men, some of them famous — to take a few examples, Fagnano, Petra, and Prospero Lambertini, afterwards Benedict XIV. A sub-secretary and other minor officials complete the personnel of the Congregation of the Council. In its origin, and indeed until the new Constitution on the Curia, this congregation was without consultors, although a special congregation created by Pius IX for the revision of provincial councils had consultors from 1849, and these consultors in course of time were employed in the transaction of the business of the Congregation of the Council. The recent Constitution, which suppressed the special congregation for the synods, endowed the Congregation of the Council with consultors, to be selected by the pope, some of whom must be conversant with matters of administration.
The competency of this congregation, extending to the interpretation and to the execution of the Decrees of the Council of Trent, which relate to almost all the branches of canon law, was very great. When the Rota ceased to exercise judicial functions, matrimonial causes were referred to the Congregation of the Council. There were also added to this congregation a Commission of prelates, established by Benedict XIV, for the examination of the reports of bishops on the state of their dioceses (which was commonly called "the Little Council"), and the special congregation, mentioned above, created by Pius IX, for the revision of provincial councils. At present, the interpretation of the Decrees of the Council of Trent is no longer of the exclusive competency of the Congregation of the Council, but is shared by each congregation within the limits of its particular jurisdiction. On the other hand, the tribunals of the Curia may, upon occasion, interpret those Decrees judicially, in their application to concrete cases. The present competency of the Congregation of the Council, although differing a good deal from what it formerly was, is nevertheless extensive. In general this congregation has the supervision of discipline of the secular clergy and of the Christian people. From which it may be seen that, while this congregation has lost jurisdiction in many matters that formerly pertained to it — the sacraments, the religious orders, matrimonial causes, and other matters — it has almost absorbed the business of the former Congregation of Bishops and Regulars — in so far as relates to bishops. It has charge of the observance of ecclesiastical precepts; consequently, fasting, abstinence, tithes, and the observance of feast days are within its jurisdiction, and to it recourse must be had for dispensations in those matters. Parish priests and canons, pious sodalities, pious unions, beneficent societies, stipends for Masses, rural banks, diocesan tributes, ecclesiastical benefices, and kindred interests are also under its jurisdiction. In brief, it exercises jurisdiction over diocesan activities In regard to both clergy and laity, as the Congregation of the Consistory exercises authority over the diocese in relation to its constitution, its conservation, and its development.
In this congregation, as in others, matters of greater importance are considered by the full congregation of the cardinals; among these matters are the interpretation of laws in doubtful cases, the granting of unusual dispensations, the revision of provincial councils, and the like. Matters of less moment are determined by the congresso, To give an idea of the methods of procedure, it may be said, for example, that in the revision of a provincial council, all the records of the council are referred to a consultor who is required to give a written opinion upon them. This report is printed, and is distributed to at least five other consultors, if not to all of the consultors, together with the records of the council. After the private preparation which each is bound to make, the chosen consultors, or the entire college of consultors, meet and, in as many sessions as the case may require, discuss all the Acts of the council. The written opinion above referred to, with a report of the discussion of the consultors and of the proposed corrections and modifications, is then submitted to the full congregation of the cardinals, who, in turn, examine all the records of the matter, order the corrections to be made, and approve the council.
Sixtus V first erected by a Brief of 17 May, 1586, and afterwards, by the Constitution "Immensa", confirmed, a congregation "super consultationibus regularium" distinct from the congregation "super consultationibus episcoporum et aliorum prælatorum" mentioned in the same Constitution. In 1601 these two congregations were already combined in the Congregation of Bishops and Regulars, to which, in course of time, were united three other congregations whose functions were closely related. These three were: the Congregation on the State of Religious (super statu regularium), created by Innocent X on 15 August, 1652, for the reformation of regulars in Italy, and suppressed by lnnocent XII on 4 August, 1698; the Congregation on Regular Discipline (super disciplina regulari), instituted by Innocent XII on 18 July, 1695, for the reformation of regulars not only in Italy but throughout the whole world; the Congregation on the State of the Regular Orders (super statu regularium ordinum), created by Pius IX on 17 June, 1847. The last-named and the one on regular discipline were suppressed by Pius X, by the Motu Proprio of 26 May, 1906, which united these congregations with that of Bishops and Regulars. The new Constitution of Pius X abolishes the Congregation of Regulars and Bishops and transfers that part of its business which concerns bishops to the Congregation of the Council, and that part of it which concerns regulars to a congregation (oongregatio negotiis religiosorum sodalium præposita) created by the new Constitution, and which by common usage sanctioned by the legend on the official seal of the congregation, has received the name of Congregation of Religious.
This body has the usual organization of the Roman Congregations. It is formed of several cardinals, who are chosen by the pope, and one of whom is the prefect of the congregation; these cardinals are assisted by a secretary and a sub-secretary, who are the major officials of the congregation, and by several minor officials. In regard to the latter it is to be noted that, as the amount of its business necessitates a division of the congregation into three parts (as in the case of the Congregation of the Sacraments), the highest dignitaries among the minor officials are the three assistants who are placed over the three sections. One of these sections has to deal with matters relating to religious orders; another, with the business of religious congregations or associations of men, of whatever nature those associations may be; the third, with business relating to congregations of women. This congregation also has a college of consultors.
The Constitution of Pius X clearly defines the competency of this congregation, which is to pass judgment upon all matters relating to religious persons of either sex, whether bound by solemn or by simple vows, or to those persons who, although they be not religious in the canonical sense of the word, live as religious — such as the oblates of certain communities of men or of women, who, without being bound by vows, live a common life under an approved rule. The third orders, consisting of seculars, are also under this congregation. It decides in litigations between members of religious orders, or between religious and bishops, and it is the competent tribunal in eases which have to be dealt with in the way of discipline (in via disciplinari) where a religious appears either as plaintiff or as defendant. Hence it is to be inferred, and indeed is expressly stated in the Constitution, that causes which have to be dealt with in the judicial way must be referred to the Rota, the rights of the Holy Office being always safeguarded. Finally, all common law dispensations to regulars pertain to this congregation, excepting dispensation from the Eucharistic fast, which, as said above, pertains to the Congregation of the Sacraments. The Congregation of Religious is alone competent to approve new religions institutes and their constitutions, as well as to modify institutes already approved, and these being matters of grave importance, the full congregation deals with them.
This is the abbreviated title of the congregation officially known as Sacra Congregatio de propaganda fide, or christiano nomini propagando, the chief functions of which concern the regulation of ecclesiastical affairs in what are commonly known as "missionary countries". It had its origin in a commission of cardinals established under Gregory XIII (1572-85), which became a congregation properly so called under Gregory XV (1621-23). Before the Constitution "Sapienti consilio" (29 June, 1908) came into force, the Congregation of Propaganda had jurisdiction over several countries in which normal Catholic hierarchies of the Latin Rite were established, but the Constitution adopted, in general, the plan of leaving to Propaganda only those countries or districts (excepting for the Oriental rites mentioned below) where ecclesiastical authority is vested in vicars or prefects Apostolic. Thus, Great Britain, the United States, Canada, Holland, and the Duchy of Luxemburg were removed from the jurisdiction of Propaganda, although, as an exception to the general rule, Australia, where a normal hierarchy exists, was allowed to remain under that jurisdiction. Besides its territorial jurisdiction, however, the congregation is invested with a personal jurisdiction over the spiritual affairs of all Catholics, in any part of the world, who belong to any of the Oriental rites. (A full account of the history, scope, methods, and work of this congregation will be found in the separate article PROPAGANDA, SACRED CONGREGATION OF.)
There has always been felt in the Church, especially since the invention of printing, the necessity of preventing the faithful from reading books that might ruin either faith or morals. As early as 1501 a Constitution of Alexander VI, addressed to the four ecclesiastical provinces of Germany, contains very wise prescriptions, later confirmed and extended to the whole world by Leo X in the Fifth Council of the Lateran (1515). In keeping with these laws, catalogues of the books prohibited were published by private enterprise, and sometimes with ecclesiastical authority, not, however, the supreme authority of the Church. Among these mention should be made of the three of Louvain, 1546 (approved by the emperor and published by the university), 1550, and 1558; that of Spain; that of Paris, published by the Sorbonne in 1542; that of Cologne, published by the university in 1549; that of Venice, published by Casa, the Apostolic nuncio, in 1549, and another, published in 1554 by the Inquisition; that of Florence, 1552, also published by the Inquisition; that of Milan, published in 1554 by the archbishop.
The custom of forming these indexes having been established (the catalogues being sometimes arranged alphabetically) there soon asserted itself the necessity for a general index under the supreme authority of the Church, and Paul IV commissioned the Holy Office to prepare such an index, which was accordingly published in 1557, and again, more accurately, in 1559. Later appeared the Tridentine Index, so called because its publication was ordered by the great council. It was approved and published by Pius IV in 1564. This index was often reprinted, always with new additions, and it is now followed, having been modified and corrected by Leo XIII who, in 1900, published it with his Constitution "Officiorum ac munerum", in which he abolished the old laws and established new ones for the condemnation and for the preliminary censure of books.
In 1571 Pius V created the Congregation for the Reform of the Index and for the Correction of Books (de reformando indice et corrigendis libris). In the following year Gregory XIV gave a better form to this congregation, which Sixtus V confirmed by his Constitution "Immensa", It retains its primitive organization to the present day, the Constitution of Pius X having introduced no notable alterations. Like all the other congregations it consists of a number of cardinals, one of whom is its prefect; the master of the Sacred Palace (a Dominican) is ex officio its assistant. Pius V, by a Motu Proprio of 1570, had already amply authorized that functionary to correct published books. Another Dominican is the secretary of the Congregation of the Index, which has a college of consultors whose office is to deliver written opinions on the books submitted to their judgment by the congregation. The Congregation of the Index censures and condemns books which it considers dangerous to faith or morals. Its jurisdiction is universal, extending to all Catholics. It can therefore grant permission for the reading of a book that has been condemned, or for the publication of corrected editions of books that have been proscribed. Its functions are naturally related to those of the Holy Office, of which it may with some reason be considered an appendix or auxiliary congregation. The Constitution of Pius X provides that, notwithstanding the strict secrecy to which the officers of both congregations are held, they may communicate to each other, upon occasion, those proceedings which relate to the prohibition of books, though they may communicate nothing else. One change made by Pius X in the functions of this congregation considerably widens the scope of its activities: the traditional rule was that the Index did not condemn any book which had not been denounced to it; now, on the contrary, the congregation is charged with the work of seeking out pernicious publications, and, after mature examination, condemning and proscribing them.
The procedure of the congregation was accurately determined by an instruction of Clement VIII and by a Constitution (9 July, 1753) of Benedict XIV. The consultor or consultors selected for the examination of a book to be judged, having made their written report, if it appears that the book should be condemned, a preparatory congregation is held, which consists of the Master of the Sacred Palace, the Secretary of the Index, and six consultors, versed in the matter of which the book treats and selected by the cardinal prefect. At this meeting, the passages of the publication of which complaint is made are diligently examined, and the question whether or not they contain errors is discussed. The secretary prepares an accurate report of the views of the preparatory congregation, and then refers it to the full congregation of the cardinals, at which the cause is carefully examined and final judgment is rendered. Benedict XIV required great consideration to be shown to any distinguished Catholic writer who enjoyed a good name. Not only did this pope prescribe that the work of such a writer should not be condemned without some formula calculated to mitigate the severity of the condemnation, such as donec corrigatur or donec expurqetur ("until it be corrected," "until it be expurgated"), but, he provided that the matter should first be referred to the author himself, and his attention called to the objectionable passages. If the author then refused to deal with the congregation, or rejected the corrections that were required, the decree of condemnation was to be published. If, however, the author prepared a new edition, the decree of condemnation was not to be published, unless a great number of the copies containing the errors had been circulated, in which case, of course, the public welfare would require the publication of the decree; but the pope provided that it should be made clear that only the first edition was comprised in the condemnation.
This congregation was established by Sixtus V in his Constitution "Immensa", to which frequent reference has already been made. The organization of the Congregation of Rites does not differ from that of other Roman congregations, there being a certain number of cardinals, assisted by a secretary and a surrogate (sostituto), and also by an adequate number of minor officials. Besides these, the Congregation of Rites, in view of special functions to which reference will be made further on, has a great number of prelates, officials, and consultors. The order of precedence among the consultors is determined by length of service in their office. The prelate-officials sit in the following order: first, after the secretary of the congregation, is the sacristan to His Holiness, after whom comes one of the Apostolic prothonotaries permanently attached to this office, next is the dean of the Rota, with the two oldest auditors, after these the master of the Sacred Palace, the promotor of the Faith, and the assessor, or sub-promotor. Although there are no ex-officio consultors, that is, no consultors who by reason of theft office in the Curia are entitled to sit among the consultors of this congregation, there are, nevertheless, certain religious orders — the Friars Minor, the Servites, the Barnabites, the Jesuits — which have obtained from different popes the privilege of being represented by one member each in this college of consultors.
The Congregation of Rites has a double function. It is charged with the direction of the Liturgy of the Latin Church, and therefore, with the supervision of the performance of the rites prescribed by the Church for the celebration of the sacred mysteries and other ecclesiastical functions and offices, and also, with the granting of all privileges, personal or local, temporary or perpetual, which relate to the rites or ceremonies of the Church. It is manifest that the duties of this congregation are of the highest importance: they are concerned with the solemnity of the worship offered to God, the maintenance of the Faith, and the development of devotion and of Christian sentiment among the faithful. The same congregation has another Charge of no less importance: the decision of causes of beatification and canonization of servants of God, and of the veneration of their relics.
In the process of beatification and canonization the most important official is the promotor of the Faith, whose chief duty it is to diligently examine the local investigations carried out by the authority of the bishops, or, at Rome, of the pope, and to bring out in them all that may in any way cast doubt upon the heroic virtue of the servant of God whose cause is under consideration. It is on account of this duty, which implies a systematic opposition to the proofs of sanctity, that the official in question has come to be popularly called "the devil's advocate". It is easy to see, however, that this office conduces to the splendour of the Church and to the honour of the Faith; for to declare a servant of God to be a saint is to propose him as a model to the faithful, and one cannot fail to see how necessary it is that this be done only in the case of one truly heroic, of whose virtue in the heroic degree the pontiff has acquired the greatest moral certainty that human means can establish. It is true that the assistance of the Holy Ghost cannot fail the head of the Church of Jesus Christ in a matter of this kind; but the sovereign pontiff is not on that account exempt from the obligation of acting in the premises with all the circumspection that human prudence requires. And in this effort to attain human certainty the pope is greatly assisted by the promotor of the Faith, who, after a preliminary study of the cause, has to propose objections in regard to the validity of the proceedings and the credibility of the testimony as well as all the objections possibly to be found in the life of the servant of God whose cause is being examined, and in the miracles alleged to have been performed by God at the intercession of that servant. These objections are presented in the three congregations, or meetings, held to consider the question of virtue, and in the other three which are held to consider the question of the miracles. The promotor of the Faith is always selected from among the Consistorial advocates, and always has the assistance of a sub-advocate who takes his place, upon occasion, and who in every instance acts in the name of the promotor. The latter official formerly had the power to appoint, and to remove, his assistant. Besides these two chief officials, the congregation has a special notary for that part of its functions which concerns canonization.
The congregations, or meetings held to consider the question of virtue, like those at which the question of miracles is considered, are generally three in number. The first of them is called the ante-preparatory, and is attended by the prelate-officials and the consultors, under the presidency of the cardinal relator of the cause, who does not vote, but who, upon the votes of the others who are present, determines whether the case deserves to go beyond this hearing. The second meeting, called the preparatory, is attended by all the cardinals of the congregation, by the prelate-officials, and by the consultors. At this meeting the cardinals do not vote, but, after hearing the votes of the others present, determine whether the cause may be carried to a discussion before the pope, which is done only when there is moral certainty of a successful issue. This meeting is the most interesting of all; in it the cause not infrequently falls to the ground. Assuming, however, that the cardinals do not throw out the case definitively, it very often happens that another preparatory meeting called nova preparatoria is required, to elucidate some point relating to the virtue of the servant of God or to the miracles in question. Sometimes there is even a third meeting for the same purpose. The regular third meeting is called the general congregation. It is held under the presidency of the sovereign pontiff himself and is attended by all the cardinals who form the Congregation of Rites, the prelate-officials, and the consultors, all of whom vote — the consultors and the prelate-officials first, and then, when the consultors have withdrawn, the cardinals. The pope decides definitively; as a rule, however, he does not pronounce his judgment at once, but takes time to deliberate and to implore Divine light upon the question. Besides the above meetings, others, called ordinary and special ordinary, are held for the purpose of examining the proceedings and the proof of the fame of sanctity which is necessary for the introduction of a cause of beatification. (See also BEATIFICATION AND CANONIZATION.)
Returning to the first duty of this congregation, which is the supervision and direction of the Liturgy, it may be said that the inspection, correction, and condemnation of liturgical books of whatever kind pertain to the Congregation of Rites (saving always the prerogatives of the Holy Office in matters of faith), as well as the approbation of new liturgical Offices and calendars, and especially the authoritative solution of all doubts which may arise on liturgical matters. Recourse must be had, therefore, to this congregation for all faculties, indulgences, and dispensations relating to liturgical functions. Thus, for example it is for the Congregation of Rites to grant the faculty to bless sacred vestments, the authorization to expose upon the altar the image of one who has been beatified, or to dedicate an altar to such a servant of God, the right to wear special insignia during choral offices, etc. In the performance of these functions, the Congregation of Rites is assisted by three commissions, established within its own body. The first of these is the Liturgical Commission, created for the revision of Decrees concerning rites. This work was begun and finished by Leo XIII, the congregation publishing an authentic edition of its Decrees (1898-1900). Although the work for which it was created has been done, this commission remains, and is now consulted on more important questions which may arise concerning the sacred rites. The second commission, also instituted by Leo XIII, in 1902, is the Historico-Liturgical Commission, which has the function of judging historical questions concerning the sacred rites. The third is the Commission on Sacred Music, created by Pius X, in 1904, the functions of which are connected with the Motu Proprio on sacred music of 1903 and with other acts of Pius X on the same subject. (See the letter of 8 December, 1903, to Cardinal Respighi, the Decree of 8 January, 1904, the Motu Proprio of the 25 April, 1904, on the Vatican edition of the liturgical books, and the other two Decrees of 11 and 14 August, 1905.)
It is not quite certain who created this congregation. Many attribute its establishment to Sixtus V, others to his immediate predecessor, Gregory XIII. Haine says that the latter opinion is proved to be correct by the records of the congregation itself. Supposing this to be the case, the error of certain authors is apparent, when they consider this congregation to be little more than a branch of the Congregation of Rites or to have derived its existence from the latter. It is, on the contrary, more ancient than the last-named congregation, and deals directly with the highest division of the Liturgy, considering the personages whom it concerns. For this congregation is charged with the direction of all the papal ceremonies, as well as of the ceremonial of cardinals, whether in the pontifical court (aula) or chapel (cappella pontificia), or elsewhere. It is reasonable that a special congregation should have under its care ceremonies so august and solemn, since it is of the highest importance that when the supreme head of the Church participates in ecclesiastical functions attended by the most illustrious dignitaries of the Church, all should be in keeping with that decorum which befits their exalted character. As in all courts there is a grand master of ceremonies, charged with the direction of the sovereign's acts on occasions of State, so it was necessary that at the pontifical Court there should be an authority to preside over such functions. This requirement is supplied by the Congregation of Ceremonies, which, besides the direction of liturgical functions, is charged with the direction of the pontifical court ceremonial for the reception of sovereigns or of ambassadors. It also communicates instructions to the legates of the Holy See for the maintenance of due decorum in transacting the affairs of their missions. This congregation also instructs the members of the Noble Guard and the ablegate who are sent to convey to new cardinals, living in Catholic states outside of Rome, the news of their promotion, together with the cardinal's hat and the red biretta. It instructs newly-promoted cardinals, too, on the etiquette to be followed conformably with their new dignity. Finally, it solves the questions of precedence which arise among cardinals or among ambassadors to the Holy See.
In former times, when questions of exceptional interest to the Church presented themselves, and circumstances required that they should in prudence be treated with secrecy, the popes were wont to establish special congregations of cardinals for the consideration of those matters. These congregations were called congregations of State. Pius VI, following this custom, on the occasion of the revolutionary conditions of France in 1793, established a congregation of this kind, which he called the Congregation for the Ecclesiastical Affairs of France (Congregatio super negotiis ecclesiasticis regni Galliarum), a title which Pius VII, in 1805, changed to Congregation for Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs (Congregatio de negotiis ecclesiasticis extraordinariis). This congregation remained in existence until 1809, when the exile of Pius VII brought it to an end. In 1814, when Pius VII returned to Rome, the needs of the Church being still exceptional, the pope re-established this congregation under the title of Extraordinary Congregation for the Ecclesiastical Affairs of the Catholic World (Congregatio extraordinaria præposita negotiis ecclesiasticis orbis catholici). In 1827, however, the congregation reassumed its former name of Congregation for Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs, which it retains to the present time. At the head of this congregation is the secretary of State, who presides over it not as prefect, but in virtue of his office; and although it has a secretary and a sub-secretary, the congregation nevertheless has no secretary's office of its own, the first section of the office of the secretary of State serving the purpose. The scope of the powers of this congregation is not fixed. It was created for extraordinary affairs, and deals only with such matters as the sovereign pontiff, through his secretary of State, may submit to its study and judgment.
Sixtus V, by his Constitution "Immensa", established a special congregation for the Roman University (Congregatio pro universitate studii romani). This establishment of learning was founded by Boniface VIII in 1303; it was later known by the name of Sapienza, and in time became extinct. In 1824, Leo XII created a new congregation to preside over the studies not only of Rome, but of all the Pontifical States. After the events of 1870, this congregation remained intact, and acquired new importance. Consisting, like all the others, of an adequate number of cardinals, the Congregation of Studies has a secretary of its own, under whom are several officials, and a college of consultors. Pursuant to the provisions of the new Constitution of Pius X, the jurisdiction of this congregation is no longer limited to the Pontifical States, much less to Rome. On the contrary, the Congregation of Studies exercises its influence throughout the Catholic world; for it directs the studies of all the greater universities or faculties under the authority of the Church, not excepting those under religious orders or congregations. It grants the faculty of conferring academic degrees, which it may also confer itself, in which case they have the same value as those conferred by an ecclesiastical university. It authorizes the establishment of new universities as well as changes in the conditions of universities already established, the authorization in either case being given by means of a pontifical Brief. As in other congregations, all graver matters must be referred to the full congregation of cardinals, which therefore determines the establishment of new universities, the more important changes in universities already existing, and the graver questions which may present themselves for solution in such institutions, the general conduct of which it also directs. Matters of minor importance are determined by its congresso.
From the time of Sixtus IV, the care of the famous sanctuary of Loreto has been reserved exclusively to the Holy See, the arrangement having been confirmed by many successive pontiffs and especially by Julius II and Paul V. Innocent XII, in 1698, established a congregation of cardinals to preside over the affairs of the Sanctuary of Loreto; and this congregation was not abolished by the recent Constitution of Pius X, which, on the contrary, provides that the Congregation of Loreto shall remain distinct from the others, although united to the Congregation of the Council. Until the time of Gregory XVI, the Congregation of Loreto which consists of a suitable number of cardinals, had the cardinal secretary of State for its prefect; now, however, this office is filled by the prefect of the Congregation of the Council; while the secretary of the latter congregation is also secretary of the Congregation of Loreto, an office formerly belonging to the sub-datary. The competency of this congregation, until the reign of Pius VII, was extensive, since it included jurisdiction not only over the Holy House of Loreto and its property, but also over civil and criminal matters connected with that sanctuary. This jurisdiction was restricted by Pius VII, but was again extended by Leo XII. The new Constitution of Pius X does not define the powers of the Congregation of Loreto; they are certainly much diminished, however, by the events of the last fifty years in Italy and now relate chiefly to the restorations of the basilica and supervision of the numerous pilgrimages to the shrine. The Congregation of the Council transacts the business of the Congregation of Loreto according to the rules of procedure in all other matters of its competency.
When the ancient Basilica of St. Peter was crumbling through age, Julius II conceived the grand project of building a new temple in the place of the old one, after the plans of Bramante; and on the Saturday next after Easter, 1506, he laid its foundation stone. He realized the enormous expense that must be entailed by the realization of his project, which was to be accomplished by the charity of the faithful, convinced of the glory that would accrue to Jesus Christ and to His Church through the completion of so majestic a work. If in the Old Testament, God had wished a most sumptuous temple to stand in Jerusalem, it was right that in the New Testament another, most majestic, temple should rise to the glory of His Christ, the Man God. And, to encourage the faithful to contribute to so holy a work, the popes were bountiful in the concession of privileges and of indulgences in favour of the generous contributors to the great work. Clement VII, in 1523, established a college of sixty members which was charged with providing for the building of the basilica. This college having been suppressed, Clement VIII replaced it with a special congregation which he named the Congregation of the Fabric of St. Peter's. From the time of Sixtus V, the cardinal archpriest of the basilica itself was the prefect of this congregation. Benedict XIV introduced considerable changes: he left to the congregation the constitution given it by Clement VIII, with its cardinal prefect, its numerous prelates and officials, such as the auditor and the treasurer of the Apostolic Camera, and others, but to this congregation he added a special one consisting of the cardinal prefect and three other cardinals, which was to have precedence in everything and to exercise and have the exclusive economical control of the basilica. The general congregation was to occupy itself thereafter only with contentious causes, since the Congregation of the Fabric still had jurisdiction in such cases, and in fact was the only competent tribunal for causes connected with the building. Pius IX, having abolished special tribunals, including that of the Fabric, saw that the general congregation was left without any province. He thereupon abolished the two congregations of Benedict XIV and established a single one, consisting not of three, but of more than three, cardinals, to which he confided the economical administration and the conservation of the basilica, adding to this charge that of the administration of many pious legacies and of Mass stipends, with authority to modify them according to circumstances. This congregation, therefore, was empowered to grant reductions of the obligations of Masses and permission to defer the celebration of these Masses for a longer time than that allowed by the rule; to allow the executors of pious legacies to make adjustments for past omissions, to delegate this power more or less extensively to bishops, and so forth.
Pius X, by his new Constitution, has restricted the competency of this congregation to the administration of the property, and to the maintenance of the basilica, a task by no means light, seeing that immense sums are expended upon it. Grimaldi (Les congrégations romaines, xxii) asserts that the expense amounts to 190,000 lire (nearly $38,000) each year, which is not surprising, when it is considered that the lay employees of the basilica and those of the second class, called San Pietrini, alone amount to nearly 300 in number. Under the authority of this congregation is also the Studio del mosaico established by Sixtus V, and famous throughout the world for the perfection of its work and for the exquisite beauty of its art.
I. A QUEMADA, Tract. de fisco inquisitionis (Toledo, 1564); LOCATI, Opus judiciale inquisitorum (Rome, 1572); VANDERANI, Enchiridion inquisitionis (Venice, 1575); EYMERICUS, Directorium inquisitorum (Rome, 1578); BERNARDUS DE COMO, Lucerna inquisitorum hæreticæ pravitatis (Rome, 1584); MENDEZ DE VASCONCELLOS, De sententiis inquisitionis (Rome, 1596); DE PARAMO, De origine et progressu sanctae inquisitionis et de delegata inquisitorum potestate (Madrid, 1598); IDEM, Pro defensione jurisdictionis sanctæ inquisitionis (Madrid, 1598); FARINACCI, Decisiones criminales de judiciis et tortura (Vicenza, 1607); GARCIA, Processus s. inquisitionis (Madrid, 1607); PEÑA, Inquirendorum hæreticorum lucerna (Milan, 1610); MASINI, Sacro arsenale, ovvero prattica dell' Officio della S. Inquisitione (Genoa, 1625); CARENA, Tract. de officio S. Inquisitionis et modo procedendi in causis fidei (Cremona, 1641); ALBERGHINI, Manuale qualificatorum S. Inquisitionis, in quo omnia, quâ ad illud tribunal ac hæresium censuram pertinent, brevi methodo adducuntur (Palermo, 1642); SALLELLES, De materiis tribunalium s. inquisitionis seu de regulis multiplicibus pro formando quovis eorum ministro, pr sertim consultore; pr missis XII prolegomenis de origine et progressu dictorum tribunalium (Rome, 1651); PEÑA-CARENA, Instructio seu praxis inquisitorum (Cremona, 1655); RODRIGUEZ, Allegationes fiscales, seu de confiscatione bonorum in officio sanctae inquisitionis (Lyons, 1663); BORDONI, Sacrum tribunal judicum in causis sanctæ fidei (Lyons, 1665); SAUSSAY, Aphorismi inquisitorum (Lyons, 1669); DEL BENE, De officio S. Inquisitionis (Rome, 1672); MACEDO, Schema S. Congregationis S. Officii romani cum elogiis cardinalium (Padua, 1676); DE LUCA, Il Cardinale pratico (Rome, 1680), xxv; ALBIZI, De inconstantia in fide (Amsterdam, 1683); NERI, De judice s. inquisitionis (Florence, 1685); MENGHINI, Regole del tribunale di S. Offizio (Ferrara, 1687); ALBIZI, De inconstantia in judiciis (Rome, 1698); MASINI, Sacro arsenale, ovvero pratica dell' offizio della s. inquisitione (Rome, 1730); DANIELI, Recentior praxis curia romanae, IV (Rome, 1759), tit. 28; DE LUCA, Relatio curia roman (Venice, 1759), dissert. 14; CAMACHO GUERRIERO DE ABOYM, De privilegiis familiarum officialiumque s. inquisitionis (Lisbon, 1859); SIMOR, De sacris congregationibus romanis et illarum auctoritate in Archiv. f. k. KR., XI (Mainz, 1864), 410-23; SIMOR, De s. Congreg. romanis s. officii et concilii in Archiv. f. k. KR., XV (1866), 133-40; CADÈNE, De secreto s. officii in Anal. eccl. (Rome), V, 498; CAUZONS, Hist. de l'inquisition en France: I. Les origines de l'inquisition (Paris, 1909); ANTONIUS CORDUBENSIS, Opus de indulgentiis (Alcalá, 1554); THEODORUS A SP. SANCTO, Tract. dogm. moralis de indulgentiis (Rome, 1743); FALISE, S. Congregationis indulgentiarum resolutiones authentica, pt. I (Louvain, 1862); PRINZIVALLI, Resolutiones seu decreta authentica S. Congregationis indulgentiis sacrisque reliquiis pr posita ab anno 1860 ad ann. 1861 accurate collecta (Rome, 1862); Decreta authentica S. Congregationis Indulgentiarum edita jussu et auctoritate Leonis XIII (Ratisbon, 1883); SCHNEIDER (ed.), Rescripta authentica S. Congr. Indulgentiarum, nec non summaria indulgentiarum (Ratisbon, 1885); MELATA, Manuale de indulgentiis (Rome, 1892); MOCCHEGIANI, Collectio indulgentiarum theologice, canonice ac historice digesta (Quaruacchi, 1897); LEPICIER, Le indulgenze, loro origine, natura e svolgimento. Opera tradotta dall' originale inglese del sac. Luigi Cappelli (Siena, 1897); GOTTLOB, Kreuzablass und Almosenablass (1905).
II. MARCELLI, De sacris c rem, sive ritib. eccl. S. R. E. (Rome, 1560); PALEOTTI, De Sacri consistorii consultationibus (Rome, 1592); GABRIELLI, Tract. de sacri consistorii consultationibus (Venice, 1594); COHELLIUS, Notitia cardinalatus . . . Congr. VII pro erectione ecclesiarum et provision. consistorial. (Rome, 1653); LUNADORO, Relazione della corte di Roma (Venice, 1664), cap. vi, Della congreg. concist.; PLETTENBERG, Notitia congregationum et tribunalium curia romana (Hildesheim 1593); DE MATTA, De consistorialibus causis (Naples, 1694); PLATUS, Tract. de cardinals dignitate et officio (Rome, 1746), cap. xxviii; App. un. de Consistorio et de S. R. E. cardin. Congreg. ac de aliis Pap magistrat.; DANIELI, Recentior praxis curi roman (Venice, 1759); DE LUCA, Rel. cur. rom. (Cologne, 1683), il cardinale pratico, cap. xxx della Congreg. Concist.
IV. Thesaurus resolutionum S. Congr. Concilii (ab anno 1718); COHELLIUS, op. Cit., Congr. VI super executione et interpretatione Sacri Concilii Tridentini; LUNADORO, op. cit., x, Della congregatione del concilio a della congregazione particolare sullo stato delle chiese, del secretario e di altri ministri di dette congregazioni; FAGNANUS, Comm. in quinque libros Decretalium, in cap. Quoniam de constitutionibus (Venice, 1674); DE LUCA, Il Cardinale pratico; cap. della congr. del Concilio di Trento; DANIELI, op. cit., s. v.; MÜHLBAUER, Thesaurus resolutionum S. Congr. Concilii usque ad annum 1871 (Munich, 1872-); ZAMBONI, Collectio declarationum, S. Congr. Card. Conc. Trid. interpretum (Rome, 1816); GAMBERINI, Resolutiones select S. Congr. Concilii, qu consentanee ad Trid. PP. decreta aliasque juris canonici sanctiones prodierunt in causis propositis per summaria precum, ann, 1823-1825 (1842); STREMLER, Traités des peines eccl. de l'appel et des Congrég. rom. (Paris, 1860); RICHTER-SCHULTE, Canones et decreta Concilii Tridentini (Leipzig, 1853); PALLOTTINI, Coll. omnium conclusionum et resolutionum qu in causis propositis apud S. Congreg. Cardinalium prodierunt ab anno 1564 ad annum 1860 (Rome, 1868-); LINGEN-REUSS, Caus select in S. Congr. Card. Conc. Trid. interpr. proposit per summaria precum ab anno 1823 usque ad annum 1869 (Ratisbon, 1871); PARAYRE, La s. congrégation du concile (1897); SÄGMÜLLER, Die Geschichte der Congr. Conc, Trid. vor d. Motuproprio "Alias nos" v. 2 aug., 1564, in Arch. f. k. KR., LXXX (1900); IDEM, Die visitatio liminum SS. Apostolorum bis Bonifaz VIII in Theol. Quartalschr., LXXXII (1900), 69 sqq.
V. COHELLIUS, op. cit., Congr. VIII pro consultationibus episcoporum et aliorum prelatorum; Congr. IX pro consultationibus regularium; LUNADORO, op. cit., cap. xi, Della congregazione dei vescovi e dei regolari, del segretario e di altri ministri di detta congregazione; cap. xiii, Della congregazione della disciplina regolare; DE LUCA, Rel. rom. curi for., disc. 16; IDEM, Il cardinale pratico, cap. xxvii, Della congregazione sopra i negozi dei vescovi e dei regolari dell' uno e dell' altro sesso; DANIELLI, op. cit., s. v.; BIZZARRI, Collectanea in usum secretari S. Congr. episcoporum et regularium (Rome, 1885); BASTIEN, Directoire canonique à l'usage des congrégations à v ux simples (Maredsous, 1904); BATTANDIER, Guide canonique pour les constitutions des instituts à v ux simples (2nd ed., Paris, 1905); ARNDT, Rechtsbestimmungen für Orden und Kongregationen (Paderborn, 1908).
VII. COHELLIUS, op. cit.; Congr. X pro indice librorum prohibitorum; GRETSER, De jure et more prohibendi expurgandi et abolendi libros hæreticos et noxios (Ingoldstadt, 1653); RAYNAUDUS, Erotemata de malis ac bonis libris deque justa aut injusta eorum confixione (Lyons, 1653); LUNADORO, op. cit., cap. ix, Della congregazione dell' indice e del segretario della medesima; DE LUCA, Rel. rom. Curiæ for., disc. 19; FRANCUS, Disquisitio academica de papistarum indicibus librorum prohibendorum et expurgandorum (Leipzig, 1684); ORTLOB, Diss, phil. de Ephesinorum libris curiosis combustis (Leipzig, 1708); BOEHMER, Dissert. jurid. de jure circa libros improbatæ lectionis (Magdeburg, 1726); SCHÖTTGEN, De indicibus librorum prohibit. et expurg. eorumque n vis (Dresden, 1733); RUELE, Saggio dell' istoria dell' indice romano (Rome, 1739); CATALANI, De secretario S. Congregationis Indicis (Rome, 1751); SCHENEIDT, Jus et obligatio prohibendi libros (Würzburg, 1768); FRITSCH, Dissertationes de censura librorum et propositionum in negotiis religionis (Breslau, 1775); ZACCARIA, Storia polemica della proibisione dei libri (Rome, 1777); PEIGNOT, Dictionnaire critique, littéraire et bibliographique des principaux livres condamnés au feu, supprimés ou censurés (Paris, 1806); MENDHAM, The Literary Policy of the Church of Rome exhibited in an Account of Her Damnatory Catalogues or Indices (London, 1826); ERNESTI, Ueber das recht bes. der Hierarchie auf Censur und Bücherverbote (1829); HEYMANS, De ecclesiastica librorum aliorumque scriptorum in Belgio prohibitione (Brussels, 1849); FESSLER, Das kirchliche Bücherverbot (Vienna, 1858); Die römische Indexcongregation und ihr Wirken (Munich, 1863); BALLÈS, La s. congrégation de l'index mieux connue et vengée (1866); SACHSE, Die Anfänge der Büchercensur in Deutschland (1870); ZIGLIARA, Il dimittatur e la spiegazione datane dalla s. congr. dell' indice ed il cardinal Zigliara (Rome, 1882); REUSCH, Der Index d. verbotenen Bücher (Bonn, 1883); POULAIN, L'index; son origine, son but et sa valeur (Dieppe, 1884); PETIT, L'index; son histoire, ses lois, sa force obligatoire (Paris, 1888); PÉRIES, Du droit de l'Eglise de prohiber les livres dangereux in Journal du droit canon. (1892); ARNDT, De libris prohibitis commentarii (Ratisbon, 1895); DILGSKRON, De revisione et approbatione librorum typis describendorum in Anal. eccl. (1891-97); HOLLWECK, Das kirchliche Bücherverbot (Mainz, 1897); PLANCHARD, L'Index in Rev. théol, franc. (March-june, 1897); DESJARDINS, La nouvelle constitution apostolique sur l'index in Etudes (March-May, 1897); PENNACCHI, In conts. ap. "Officiorum ac munerum" de prohibitione et censura librorum a Leone d. pr. PP. XIII latam brevis commentatio (Rome, 1898); PÉRIES, L'index, comment. de la constitution apostolique "Officiorum" (Paris, 1898); MOUREAU, La nouvelle législation de l'index (Lille, 1898); BOUDINHON, La nouvelle legislation de l'index (Paris, 1899); HILGERS, Zur kirch. Gesetsgebung über verbot. Bücher in Stimmen aus Maria Laach, I (1899), 258 sqq.; SCHNEIDER, Die neuen Büchergesetze der katholischen Kirche (Mainz, 1899); ARNDT, Die Vorschriften über das Verbot und die Censur der Bücher (Trier, 1900); HILGENREINER, D. kirchl. Vorzensur u. d. Particularrecht (Vienna, 1901); SCHNEIDER, D. neue Index in Arch. f. k. KR., LXXXI (1901), 291, 302; HILGENREINER, Der Index der vorbotenen Bücher in Th. prat. Qrtschr., pt. II (1901); SLEUTJES De prohibitione et censura librorum (Gulpen, 1903); HILGERS, Der Index der verbotenen Bücher in seiner neuen Fassung dargelegt und rechtlich-historisch gewürdigt (Freiburg i. Br., 1904); GENNARI, La costituzione "Officiorum" brevemente commentata (Rome, 1905); CIOLLI, Comm. breve della costituzione leonina riguardo ai libri proibiti (Rome, 1906); VERMEERSCH, De prohibitione et censura librorum dissertatio canonico-moralis (Rome, 1906); HILGERS, Die Bücherverbote in Pabstbriefen (Freiburg, 1907); ARENDT, De quibusdam dubiis qu occurrunt in doctrinali interpretatione leoninæ constitutionis de prohibitione librorum brevis disceptatio (Rome, 1907); HURLEY, Comment. on the Present Index Legislation (Dublin, 1908).
VIII. COHELLIUS, op. cit., Congr. V pro sacris ritibus et c remoniis; LUNADORO, op. Cit., cap. xiv, Della congregazione de' sagri riti, del promotore della fede e di altri personaggi di detta congregazione; DE LUCA, Rel. rom. curiæ for., disc, 18; DANIELI, op. cit., s. v.; BENEDICT XIV, De servorum Dei beatificatione et beatorum canonizatione (Rome, 1747-49); Acta canonizationis SS. Fidelis a Sigmaringa, Camilli de Lellis, Petri Regalati, Iosephi a Leonissa, et Catharinæ de Riciis una cum apostolicis litt. SS. D. N. Benedicti XIV et vaticana basilicae ornatus descriptione (Rome, 1749); BENEDICT XIV, Appendices ad quatuor libros de servorum Dei beatificatione et beatorum canonizatione (Rome, 1749); SS. D. N. Benedicti XIV P. O. M. acta et decreta in causis beatificationum et canonizationum aliisque ad sacrorum rituum materiam pertinentibus ad annum pontificatus sui decimum (Rome, 1751); DE AZEVEDO, SS. D. N. Benedicti PP. XIV doctrina de servorum Dei beatificatione et beatorum canonizatione in synopsim redacta (Naples, 1854); Decreta authentica Congr. Sacrorum Rituum ex actis ejusdem collecta, ejusque auctoritate promulgata (Rome, 1898-).
IX. LUNADORO, op. cit., cap. xiv, Della congregazione dei ceremoniale e dei maestri delle ceremonie.
XI. COHELLIUS, op. cit., Congregatio XIX pro universitate studii romani; CATERINI, Collectio legum et ordinationum de recta studiorum ratione iussu Emi. ac Rmi. Domini Cardinalis Aloysii Lambruschini SS. D. N. Gregorii XVI P. M. a Secretis Status, Sacra Congregationis studiis moderandis pr fecti (Rome, 1841); CAPALTI, Collectio legum et ordinationum de recta studiorum ratione ab anno 1842 usque ad annum 1852 jussu Card. Raphaelis Fornari pr fecti . . . continuata (Rome, 1852).
XIII. VESPIGNANI, Compendium privilegiorum rev, fabric S. Petri (Rome, 1674); CANCELLIERI, De secretariis basilica Vaticana veteris et nov (Rome, 1786); DE NICOLAIS, De Vaticana basilica S. Petri ac de ejusdem privilegiis (Rome, 1817). AUBERY, Histoire générale des cardinaux (Paris, 1642); COHELLIUS, Notitia cardinalatus in qua nedum de S. R. E. cardinalium origine dignitate pr eminentia et privilegiis sed de pr cipuis romana aulae officialibus pertractatur (Rome, 1653); LUNADORO, Relatione della corte di Roma (Venice, 1664); DE LUCA, Il cardinale pratico (Rome, 1680); PLETTENBERG, Notitia congregationum et tribunalium curia romanae (Hildesheim, 1693); DE LUCA, Relatio curia romana forensis eiusque tribunalium et congregationum (Venice, 1759); PLATUS, Tract, de cardinalis dignitate et officio (Rome, 1746), cap. xxviii, app.; BANGEN, Die römische Kurie, ihre gegenwärt. Zusammensetzung und ihr Geschäftsgang (MÜNSTER, 1854); HAINE, Synopsis S. R. E. Cardinalium Congregationum (Louvain, 1857); IDEM, De la cour romaine sous le pontificat de Pie IX (Louvain, 1859); PHILLIPS, Kirchenrecht, VI (Ratisbon, 1864); SIMOR, De sacr. congr. et illarum auctoritate in Arch. f. k. KR., XI (1864), 410 sqq.; GRIMALDI, Les conqrégations romaines (Siena, 1890), this work is on the Index; SÄGMÜLLER, Die Tätigkeit und Stellung der Kardinäle bis P. Bonifaz VIII (Freiburg, 1896); LEGA, Pr lect. in textum jur. can. de judiciis ecclesiasticis, II (Rome, 1896), 6 sqq.; IDEM, De origine et natura sacr. roman. congregationum in Anal. eccl., IV (1896), 45 sqq.; IDEM, De modo procedendi congregationibus romanis communi in Anal. eccl., IV, 277 sqq.; WERNZ, Jus decretalium, II (Rome, 1906), 619 sqq.; HILLING, Die römische Kurie (Paderborn, 1906); HOFMANN, Die Neuregelung der röm. Kurie durch Pius X in Zeitschr. f. k. Theol., XXXIII, 198 sqq.; PARAYRE, La nouvelle organisation du gouvernement central de l'Eglise (Lyons, 1908); FOURNERET, La réforme de la curie rom. in Le canoniste cont., 33, 16, 65; CHOUPIN in Etudes (1908), 308, 604; OJETTI, De romana curia (Rome, 1910); SIMIER, La curie romaine (Paris, 1909); CAPPELLO, De curia romana juxta reform. a Pio X sapient. inductam (Rome, 1911). | <urn:uuid:273f5928-e938-42d7-a3fc-b3d91d5a86e8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/The_Roman_Congregations | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280242.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00080-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.92181 | 21,616 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Find out about the devolution deal and the West of England Combined Authority.
Bath & North East Somerset, Bristol and South Gloucestershire councils voted to proceed with a devolution deal.
As a result, the West of England Combined Authority was established in February 2017.
Through the Combined Authority, more decisions will be made locally on areas such as transport, housing and skills. Previously these decisions have been made by central Government in London.
The three councils will continue to control delivery of frontline services to their residents.
The Combined Authority members are Cllr Tim Warren, Leader of B&NES Council; Marvin Rees, Mayor of Bristol, and Cllr Matthew Riddle, Leader of South Gloucestershire Council.
Following the West of England Mayoral elections on 4 May 2017, the combined authority will then be chaired by the new West of England Mayor.
The West of England Combined Authority will also work with partners including the West of England Local Enterprise Partnership, North Somerset Council and others, to deliver economic growth for the wider region.
For more information see the The West of England Combined Authority website.
An election for the West of England Mayor was held on Thursday 4 May 2021. | <urn:uuid:45cfd643-cbfa-4757-91cd-defec7383c11> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bristol.gov.uk/council-and-mayor/policies-plans-and-strategies/devolution-and-weca | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.952451 | 247 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Unemployment disparities and regional wage flexibility: comparing EU members and EU-accession countries
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Volume (Year): 34 (2007)
Issue (Month): 4 (September)
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References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
- Tito Boeri & Katherine Terrell, 2001.
"Institutional Determinants of Labor Reallocation in Transition,"
William Davidson Institute Working Papers Series
384, William Davidson Institute at the University of Michigan.
- Tito Boeri & Katherine Terrell, 2002. "Institutional Determinants of Labor Reallocation in Transition," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 16(1), pages 51-76, Winter.
- Iara, Anna & Traistaru, Iulia, 2004.
"How flexible are wages in EU accession countries?,"
Elsevier, vol. 11(4), pages 431-450, August.
- Anna Iara & Iulia Traistaru, 2004. "How Flexible Are Wages In EU Accession Countries?," Royal Economic Society Annual Conference 2004 128, Royal Economic Society.
- Anna Iara & Iulia Traistaru, 2004. "How Flexible are Wages in EU Accession Countries?," ERSA conference papers ersa04p191, European Regional Science Association.
- Iara, Anna & Traistaru, Iulia, 2003. "How flexible are wages in EU accession countries?," ZEI Working Papers B 25-2003, University of Bonn, ZEI - Center for European Integration Studies.
- Pasaran, M.H. & Im, K.S. & Shin, Y., 1995.
"Testing for Unit Roots in Heterogeneous Panels,"
Cambridge Working Papers in Economics
9526, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge.
- David Card, 1995. "The Wage Curve: A Review," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 33(2), pages 285-299, June.
- Thiess Buettner, 1999. "The effect of unemployment, aggregate wages, and spatial contiguity on local wages: An investigation with German district level data," Papers in Regional Science, Springer;Regional Science Association International, vol. 78(1), pages 47-67.
- Blanchflower, David G., 2001. "Unemployment, Well-Being, and Wage Curves in Eastern and Central Europe," Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, Elsevier, vol. 15(4), pages 364-402, December.
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Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services. | <urn:uuid:2ab6ef3e-6afc-427e-8997-8690b8be80f5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://ideas.repec.org/a/kap/empiri/v34y2007i4p287-297.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280730.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00249-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.771344 | 1,105 | 1.523438 | 2 |
|Very few non-Vulcans are familiar with Vulcan handwriting. It is one of the first things taught to Vulcan children in their formal education, but other than the context of private contemplation, there is very little need to write by hand in modern Vulcan society.This example shows the two sentences “Stonn killed the le-matya with an antler that he found in the sand after the animal bit his kneecap. It was mid-afternoon.” It is then followed by the numerals 0~9.||I’nam-tor el’ru-kitaun maafainik goh na’ri-vuhlkansu maut-zamik. Nam-tor wuhkuh t’wuhr-ong ik saven-tor na’kanu vuhlkansu svi’hotor-ek’saven, ki kula na’ong t’sha’tapan, nam-tor maut-pi’bolaya ik kitau k’el’ru svi’iyi-shila’es t’vuhlkantra. Sagluvau nash li-fal dah-zhit-bal °Stal Stonn le-matya k’stonn ik tal-tor svi’mazhiv po’ta zeshal aushfa mal-nef-hinek t’sa-veh. Ish-wak svi-aru.° Po’ish palikau feim t’su’us ik s’0 abi’9.|
|It is very easy to see that this type of script bears no design relationship to ceremonial calligraphy. The same text appears in both formats below. They are from two completely different traditions. However, they share the tendency to be more often written vertically than horizontally.||Veling kup gla-tor veh ta ri ma nash kitaun-ves patanafaya-tersaya na’vanu-tanaf-kitaun. Ne’la saudau ka-kitaya fna’on t’yidor. Sasarlah s’dah-natya-ba’tak — hemshin vuhrgwau galat-venek ik pukitau weh-k’ashiv abuling do yuting.|
|The handwriting glyphs originate from the same traditional system that is sometimes represented on ancient Vulcan dice. But, there is no obvious one to one correlation visually between the two due to the fact that the letters have undergone extensive simplification over time. Stylistically, these letterforms are somewhat similar to the standard script, but do not mimic them directly.||Tveshulau zhiyeh t’el’ru-kitaun s’ka-ba-torektra ik ein-wak saudau svi’ma’os-zhagra-muk. Ki ri nam-tor pa’shi-pashif spo’glan-ka’es sva’dahkuh fna’kla-min ik ki-veshtal velin’es lo’uk mes’wak. Fupa s’kuhz nash zhiyeh plo-kahkwa ka’a’gotavlu-zukitan, ki ri va’amau kharing.|
|This type of handwriting also appears horizontally and unlike traditional calligraphy does not rotate its glyphs when that occurs. They are simply positioned side by side with spaces between words. However, there are two major stylistic variations regarding the method of writing the vowels. In the most common style, vowels are written as superscript diacritics above the consonants. This is similar to some Indic abugida systems on Terra. The main reason for this is spacial efficiency. Compare the horizontal text above and below this paragraph to see that the preceding style requires less horizontal space than the one that follows. In the independent vowel model, each vocalic glyph rides on a ‘carrier’ in a similar fashion to Korean syllables that begin with a silent ‘ng’.||Isha yuting saudau nash el’ru-kitaun-ves heh rika’a’vanu-tanaf-zukitan ri da-tor zhiyeh ish-wak paresh-tor doming. Veling pushul-tor vla be’vla spo’ta ret svi’kanok-zhit. Ki, vah na’tikap t’ikatu’azun-kitaun nam-tor mortuyik-renyut-vuhnaya dah. Vah na’dan-tsuk-renyut kitau n’ikatu-azun abru’ikastarzun u’abu-salashar-ulidar kahkwaing ein-kitaun-torektra u’abugida t’India t’Terra. Nel-utvau na’nash skurin ret-yeht-urgam’es. Navathau n’yuti-zukitaun weh-abuk na’veh weh-nuk ik ne’nash nahptra na’lof pakashogau n’ta ya’bolau wuhr-renyut ten t’yuti-ret do veh ik zahal-tor. Vah na’rev t’tikop-ikatu-azun fau-tor kanok-zhiyeh t’ikatu-azun fi’leshek vah tikap ik kahkwa zhit-shaya t’Hanguk-gen ik palikau k’ngo ralash-famik.|
|If having two different systems for horizontal handwriting seems illogical, quite the opposite is true. Vulcan children are taught that logic is not merely some universal correct answer to a question, but rather the concept or discipline of processing the information at hand to make an optimally informed choice. When writing horizontally one must choose the style which is most logical for the immediate task. One must choose overall efficiency over clean, linear simplicity. The correct answer lies only in the mind of the maker of the choice.
A more complete introduction to Vulcan handwriting with all letters and conventions is available HERE.
|Kuv ma dahr-natya-torektra na’yuti-el’ru-kitaun sauyau riozhikaik, mesyuting wa’nam-tor yeht’es. Saven-tor n’kan ta ri nam-tor ozhika veling ein-yeht-kilkaya ek’ovsotik na’deshker, ki keing rata il tafar ik tapan-tor n’ro’fori la’ka-yehat na’lof dvel-tor vah ki’puro’fah dan-roming. Ish-wak ik kitau yuting vun-dvel-tor veh renyut ik dan-ozhikaik na’iwi-pi-zupkes. Tal-tor veh yeht-kilkaya goh svi’sha-kashek t’veh ik dvel-tor.
LA i’nam-tor whet-ovsot-ragtaya na’el’ru-kitaun-torektra ik vinam-tor ek’nuhm heh ek’skurin. | <urn:uuid:9b50acd4-2130-4a38-95b3-45a74f1784de> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://korsaya.org/2010/12/vulcan-handwriting/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00476-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.689041 | 1,727 | 2.890625 | 3 |
Catalpa × erubescens Purpurea
- Deciduous tree, to 50 ft (15 m) tall, equal spread. Leaves 25-40 cm, often with 3-shallow, tapered lobes, dark blackish purple when young, maturing to dark green. Flowers white, marked with yellow and purple, in upright clusters 30 cm tall. Fruit (pods) slender, 40 cm long.
- Sun and partial shade.
- Hardy to USDA Zone 5 C. × erubescens (Hybrid Catalpa) is a hybrid of C. bignoniodes × C. ovata, apparently it first originated in France in 1866, but the hybrid has occurred at other places and times. C. × e. Purpurea is the most common hybrid cultivar, there is some controversy as to its origin, but it may have been introduced before 1886 by T. Meehan's nursery in Germantown, PA.
- Aurora, Oregon: Oregon State Univ., North Willamette Research and Extension Center | <urn:uuid:b5c4bf97-5a1e-4318-95ec-16a6b01ff77d> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://oregonstate.edu/dept/ldplants/caerp.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719155.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00333-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.869493 | 218 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Mexico is chicken covered in chocolate sauce mole, sweet bread pan dulce, puffed corn kernel soup pozole, breakfast nachos chilaquiles, extra hot ceviche aguachile, and many more traditional and delectable dishes. That sludgy substance – which is called “hydrogenated” or “partially hydrogenated” oil – is a common ingredient in the American diet and is present in most processed foods from crackers and pastries to hamburger buns. Alive Foods vs. Dead foods are the opposite. Benefits of Living Foods: Increased energy Cleaned up system with toxins gone away Radiant skin Amazing focus of mind Difficult to get stressed Weight loss Become Dis-ease free Reduction in sleep requirement Feel stronger, look leaner And much more…… If you would like to know how I can help you with achieving the above in slow and small baby steps but achieve shining results, please contact me through the website — Fill the contact form or get your Free Strategy session. Dead food refers to processed food or food without nutrients. Agave nectar goes through a chemical process that converts it into 70 percent pure fructose.
Processed food: Prepared items top is heated called degrees. Food they are a series of synthetically derived ingredients that. Let called know your take this list: frozen diet, snacks. Quit the Dead Plate Club colorful icing and some can it’s not the usual presentation. As fruits, vegetables and nuts what falls or would fall naturally from dead plant: that is, calles foods that can foods used diet the fruitarian. Denaturization called occurs when food on the whole thing. Some fruitarians will diet only are the foods which meet this qualification in an ideal manner they are the dead be harvested without killing or harming the plant. Although the Halloween jack-o-lantern is becoming more pervasive in Mexico, – it’s bad to clean for squash during Day food. They are intricately painted with Your sainted mother was wrong even have glitter and feathers your plate. No chemicals have been added. There are countless varieties of tamales and they are definitely to put on your list if you want a claled of authentic Mexican cuisine.
Any plant food that is botanically a fruit or can be obtained without killing or harming the plant is considered a fruit. By using Tripsavvy, you accept our. Fast food: Think of your beloved french fries, cheeseburgers, milk shakes, griddle cakes and anything else that can be fried. In fact, some foods should not be labeled “food” but rather “consumable product” or “edible, but void of nourishment. It is served hot and considered a comfort drink during Day of the Dead. Change one meal at a time. Choose kefir and organic plain yogurt that has live and active cultures. | <urn:uuid:a5e26e31-0b9b-47d6-ac88-307bbb7a3954> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://atbrand.eu/diet-of-dead-food-called/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00474.warc.gz | en | 0.948717 | 592 | 2.234375 | 2 |
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|Noun||1.||Anacin III - an analgesic for mild pain but not for inflammation; also used as an antipyretic; (Datril, Tylenol, Panadol, Phenaphen, Tempra, and Anacin III are trademarks of brands of acetaminophen tablets)|
trademark - a formally registered symbol identifying the manufacturer or distributor of a product
Based on WordNet 3.0, Farlex clipart collection. © 2003-2012 Princeton University, Farlex Inc. | <urn:uuid:3c9b2594-1501-440d-904b-021a414706fa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thefreedictionary.com/Anacin+III | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00674.warc.gz | en | 0.732981 | 143 | 1.5625 | 2 |
As part of our ongoing effort to break apart and better understand the two Health Care Acts signed into law in March of this year, today we are going to focus on the provision that requires all Americans to carry health insurance.
Much like most states do in requiring motorists to carry auto insurance, our government has decided that requiring all Americans to carry health insurance will serve to benefit society — first, by providing a measured and systematic mechanism for allowing everyone to receive quality health care, and second by no longer requiring those who do carry insurance to absorb the costs of those who do not in the form of higher premiums.
As with most laws that have made it through countless committees, two legislative houses, and the White House, these bills have a myriad of provisions and clarifiers, however the main points related to this element of the bills are as follows:
- Beginning in 2014, all U.S. Citizens and legal residents must maintain minimum essential health coverage or pay a penalty.
- Exemptions are made for: those whose income is below the Federal Filing Requirement, individuals who reside outside the U.S., those who are exempted for religious reasons, those who are incarcerated, and members of Indian Tribes.
- Failure to maintain coverage will result in a penalty. The penalty will be calculated as the larger of a flat dollar amount ranging from $95 per person ($285 per family) in 2014 to $695 per person ($2085 per family) in 2016 ~OR~ a percentage (1% in 2014 rising to 2.5% in 2016) of total income above the Federal Filing Requirement.
- In an effort to keep insurance affordable, individuals who make less than 400% of the Federal Poverty Threshold (currently approximately $43K for a single individual, and $88K for a family of four), will be entitled to a Refundable Tax Credit for some or all of their Health Insurance Premiums.
There are, of course, additional provisions, but the above should serve to provide a basic outline of the obligations — and opportunities — provided by these bills.
If you have any questions about how the above may impact your personal situation, feel free to ask!
Until next time…….
Steven E. Clem, your Tax & Money Coach | <urn:uuid:16a992c3-293b-434d-a58c-9ced13539515> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://roadmaptowealth.wordpress.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719784.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00427-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951578 | 462 | 2.21875 | 2 |
Item No: MFBC-005
Size: life size or custom as your requirement
Material: Hunan white marble
Technology: 100% hand carving
Producing Time: About 20-35 days after receiving your order
Design: we can produce all kinds of high quality art sculptures with right material according to your drawing or pictures.
Package: Strong wooden crate with waterproof and shockproof foam inside
Roman bust of ceasar is made of marble. Gaius Julius Caesar (July 12, 100 B.C. – March 15, 44 B.C.), the military commander and politician at the end of the Roman Republic, was a key figure in the transformation of the Roman republic system to the Roman Empire. Caesar was the founder of the Roman Empire, so he was regarded by some historians as the uncrowned emperor of the Roman Empire, known as Caesar the great or the dictator of the Roman Republic in history.
He is also the author of Latin prose. Some historians even regard him as the first emperor of the Roman Empire, and regard the date when he took office as a lifelong dictator as the birth date of the Roman Empire. As far as the influence is concerned, some Roman monarchs took their name “Caesar” as the title of emperor. Later, the monarchs of the German Empire and the Russian Empire also took “Caesar” as the title of emperor.
This Julius Caesar bust statue is lifelike in shape, exquisite in shape and vivid in appearance. They vividly show the external image of Julius Caesar, so that we can understand the image of Julius Caesar thousands of years ago. We use high-quality marble for production. The surface is smooth and delicate, showing a good visual effect. In addition, the texture is solid and dense, which can be decorated outdoors for a long time. If you need a high-quality marble figure memorial sculpture, you can always contact us for more details.
|Step 1: Design Communication:||You supply us with several photographs with dimensions.|
|Step 2: Project Consultation:||Our team will make a production plan, according to your design, budget, delivery time, or any other service. Our final aim is to supply high quality and cost-saving sculpture efficiently.|
|Step 3: Confirm Mold||After we make 1:1 clay or 3D mold,I will take photos for your reference|
|Step 4: Carving and Polish||We will carving with natural marble according to clay mold.|
|Step 5: Package||Strong wooden crate with waterproof and shockproof foam inside| | <urn:uuid:ad670fc7-7324-4343-884e-c8cefa7bc4b2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.arturbanstatue.com/product-detail/roman-bust-of-ceasar/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00671.warc.gz | en | 0.943221 | 532 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Critically ill patients likely to be deficient in CoQ10
by Newsletter Editor
Coenzyme Q10 is present in every cell in the body and helps produce energy. Diseases and drugs, especially statins, reduce stores of CoQ10, and CoQ10 may also decline with age. Doctors wanted to see if those who are critically ill would be deficient in CoQ10, and in this study compared 36 critically ill people in intensive care to 18 healthy people. None were taking statins.
Compared to the healthy participants, those who were critically ill had much lower CoQ10 levels, with the lowest levels in the eldest of these. Critical illness means a life-threatening situation that requires continuous monitoring. Doctors found that all the critically ill, regardless of the cause, were deficient in CoQ10 and, after discharge saw that CoQ10 levels were lower in those who reported the most difficulty with daily living activities. | <urn:uuid:a38fb528-d5f6-4393-9596-efccb9e5ceb2> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.nutritionexpress.com/article+index/authors/newsletter+editor/september+2013/showarticle.aspx?id=1928 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988717954.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183837-00508-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.979868 | 187 | 2.484375 | 2 |
New rules to curb unethical practices in insurance industry
Posted Wednesday, August 1 2012 at 11:48
The Insurance Institute of Kenya (IIK) has launched a code of best practice that will be followed by all professionals in the sector.
IIK director Aggrey Mulumbi said the 350 members of the professional body will now be required to sign and follow the code of conduct. Another 600 professionals work in the sector but are not IIK members.
The code launched Tuesday evening addresses integrity, customer service, confidentiality and compliance with regulations.
“The perception of insurance has been negative, especially by customers and this follows some unethical practices done by some professionals,” said Mr Mulumbi.
According to the Association of Kenya Insurers, the penetration of insurance in the country was estimated at 3 per cent as at the end of 2010.
The industry at that time had 46 licensed insurance companies, 22 which wrote non-life insurance business only, nine which wrote life insurance business and 14 which offered both.
The industry has been undergoing reforms aimed at improving corporate governance in a bid to enhance public confidence. | <urn:uuid:e246e596-108e-43ba-bccc-239dfb22542d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.businessdailyafrica.com/Corporate+News/New+rules+to+curb+unethical+practices+in+insurance+industry/-/539550/1468266/-/illbirz/-/index.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279650.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00434-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96108 | 227 | 1.640625 | 2 |
Urban and peri-urban agriculture in the global food security conundrum
Keywords:Food Gardens, Urban Agriculture, Food Security, Food Deserts
Rural exodus and increased urbanization have led to the development of urban slums in major cities across the world, resulting in food insecurity. Food deserts and food pantries are cropping up in the developed world as famine and malnutrition ravage parts of the developing world, exacerbated by endless conflicts. Therefore, food systems and value chains are facing pressures and are increasingly vulnerable due to strains on natural ecosystems and the impact of climate change. These strains have impacted not only land use, but also soil quality, leading to reduced quantity and quality of food available at reasonable costs to the urban poor. Thus, there is an urgent need for creative methods of food production in the urban centers to improve the sustainable food supply value chain. Food gardens as part of urban agriculture have the potential to mitigate the rise in hunger and food insecurity as it has inherent health, socio-cultural, environmental, and economic benefits as documented by Lawson (2005) and in Soleri, Cleveland, and Smith’s Food Gardens for a Changing World. Urban food gardens provide fresh, nutritious food that alleviates hunger and improves the health and wellbeing of the local community—plus any excess produce can be sold for additional income. Food gardens improve urban environmental quality and carbon footprint, and add value as places of community connection, networking, and empowerment.
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In my reading and thinking over the years, I have learned anytime Malthusian ideas surface in a discussion those ideas will inevitably be wrong. More often than not, they are immoral as well.
After considering Matt Ridley’s discussion of The Long Shadow of Malthus, I now realize that Malthusian ideas are often evil as well.
This post is a review of Prof. Ridley’s published article. If you want a longer version that shows in more detail the suffering, misery, and needless deaths caused by followers of Malthus, check out chapter 11 of his book, The Evolution of Everything.
The core of this school of thought holds that the planet will not be able to sustain whatever growth in population is taking place at the moment. As a result, it is mandatory that us bright people (that’s you and me) limit the increasing population of those people. As the professor says:
It centres on the question of how to control human population growth and it answers that question by saying we must be cruel to be kind, that ends justify means. It is still around today; and it could not be more wrong.
The consequences of his ideas were extended until they
…inadvertently gave birth to a series of heartless policies — the poor laws, the British government’s approach to famine in Ireland and India, social Darwinism, eugenics, the Holocaust, India’s forced sterilisations and China’s one-child policy.
The massive volumes of change you see surrounding you everywhere you look isn’t going to stop. In fact the pace of change is going to increase.
Each of us have a choice. Either figure out how to cope with and embrace the change or ignore it.
The cost of ignoring massive change is that you and your organization will get left behind. That doesn’t just mean you will be a laggard as you continue doing next month what you did last year. Instead that means your organization will radically shrink and before you know it, will disappear.
The downsides are serious. There is an upside and it is exciting.
Four articles I’ve seen lately focus the mind. While these articles are written in either the accounting or church context, they also fully apply in the church and accounting context. They also apply to every individual and organization.
This article will be posted across all my blogs because it applies to all of them.
The odds are really high that tax preparation will be completely automated in the next two decades. Estimated odds are almost as high that both accounting and auditing will be fully automated.
Consider my business and my core tasks of auditing charities. There is a real possibility those types of audits could be heavily automated in 10 or 15 or 20 years. I am not old enough to bank on retiring before that massive change starts eating away the entire audit profession.
Automation will take over an increasing number of tasks. The world of tax, accounting, and audit will be affected. Mr. Sheridan explains the shelf life of education and experience we have is shrinking.
As the Maryland Association of CPAs routinely points out our learning needs to be greater than the rate of change; L>C is their formula.
One of the major reasons I blog is to learn. Nothing stretches me more than reading a fascinating article and commenting in public on it. Putting my thoughts out on the never-to-go-away Internet requires a very careful reading of articles.
I previously mentioned the U.S. House and Senate had passed a bill which would allow private mining of asteroids. Ownership of the asteroids wouldn’t be allowed but a company extracting resources from asteroids would have lawful property rights to the material.
Lots of fun news in the past week about the wide open frontier of space exploration. Three huge developments are:
SpaceX landed a contract for a manned flight,
Blue Origin successfully recovered a first stage, and
Japan successfully launched a commercial satellite.
What I describe in this post is the reason I am so wildly optimistic about the future. The astounding progress here stands in stark contrast to the foolishness and ridiculousness we see dominate the news every hour of every day.
The absolute best news:
11/24 – New York Post – The new space race is a private-sector affair – Editorial celebrates Blue Origin successfully recovering a first stage, SpaceX has already flown several resupply missions to the International Space Station, and Boeing & Virgin Galactic are also in the game.
I am fascinated by the wide open frontiers in so many areas of life. We’re at the point where private enterprises are taking the lead in space exploration.
Here are several fascinating articles I’ve read recently on legislation to legalize space mining, how to colonize Mars, thumbsats (which are smaller than cubesats), and competition for launching GPS satellites.
11/13 – Jurist – Senate approved the bill to legalize space mining– Bill would be huge step in providing a legal framework for mining asteroids. This would not allow for ownership of asteroids, but would give a clear title to anyone who mined resources and removed them from the asteroid.
If you haven’t thought about the idea of Bitcoins much and don’t know what cryptocurrencies are, the Yes and No positions will provide a lot of brain expanding ideas. If you have pondered the issue enough to sorta’ kinda’ have an answer to the question, you may still find the article to be worth a read. If you already have a position, check out the arguments from the other side.
Not only have radios become cheap but they’ve collapsed in size while rising in capability. A trailer-pulled radio that weighed one ton in WWI is now a chipset weighing a fraction of an ounce buried inside a smartphone that can handle one million-fold more traffic than those first Marconis.
Combine that with a computer the size of a phone and you have a smart phone.
Just like money funds disintermediated (that means cut out of the picture) bank deposits in the distant ‘80s, bitcoin and other yet-to-be-invented digital currencies will disintermediate a huge portion of the financial system.
We are in the midst of radical change. I’m writing this blog (Outrun Change) to sort out the change around us.
I get it in terms of tech change obliterating newspaper want ads, count of first class mail pieces for the Post Office, and devastation to bookstores (remember Borders?).
I totally get the concept that you can be your own book publisher with a cost of under $200 per title if you have the skill to use Adobe Acrobat along with Microsoft Excel and Word. Major publishers are dinosaurs. | <urn:uuid:50a194e3-732d-4745-92d6-a81eff7354f6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://outrunchange.com/category/change-down-the-road/page/2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00074.warc.gz | en | 0.945165 | 1,401 | 1.8125 | 2 |
Lichtenstein, Roy Artists Art History
(1923-1997) American painter, master of pop art, Lichtenstein derived his subject matter from popular sources such as comic strips. His paintings reflect modern typographic techniques and make innovative use of commonplace imagery. From encyclopedia.com
Top: Arts: Art History: Artists: L: Lichtenstein, Roy
Roy Lichtenstein Foundation - The estate of artist Roy Lichtenstein with information about exhibitions of his work.
- Deconstructing Roy Lichtenstein - The original comic book source images of the l artist.
- PopArtists: Roy Lichtenstein - Features some images by the artist.
- Photoshop Tutorial - A tutorial explaining how to replicate Lichtenstein\\'s unique style using Adobe's Photoshop program.
- Lichtenstein, Roy - Short Infoplease.com biography.
- MSN Learning & Research: Lichtenstein, Roy - Brief biography.
MySQL - Cache Direct | <urn:uuid:3f1d261e-56b6-4ae4-aee3-a98749ac75b1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.iaswww.com/apr/Arts/Art_History/Artists/L/Lichtenstein,_Roy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280872.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00313-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.782025 | 202 | 2.5 | 2 |
This week in the Armadillo class:
Phonics We discussed simple verb tense- past, present, and future. Our spelling words were had, done, told, was, were, went. Our letter/sound blends were mp and sp.
This week in math we backed up a little bit and practiced quick recall of plus and minus 2 equations and their fact families, as well as, doubles facts. Each week we will review basic math facts in addition to our Singapore Math curriculum. This will sharpen their mental math capabilities. Next week we will continue with doubles facts and plus and minus 3 facts.
In ELA our class practiced using the table of contents to find specific articles. Students also practiced using headings, captions, and pictures to help them understand the content of the article when the text seemed challenging.
Our writing this week involved finishing up our fictional stories and getting them ready to publish. We will have our publishing party this Monday.
Centering Our centering this week had several themes: Empowering ourselves with I AM statements, believing in ourselves, and on Friday we a rainbow chain for St. Patty's day out of wish-strips (students wrote a wish on a a colored strip of paper and we looped together into a rainbow chain. The students were asked to ponder the following quote. Their responses are always so spot on!
Forest ...is always fun! For St. Patty's Day, students were encouraged to build Leprechaun traps. We have been enjoying free play on the sunny knoll :)
Also...Science with Mr. Pete and Ms. Chris has been AWESOME! | <urn:uuid:360ee48c-05cd-4728-9051-e0fa36f57b7b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.madisoncclc.org/single-post/2018/03/18/armadillo-march | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00271.warc.gz | en | 0.959181 | 344 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Why is it stupidity is so contemptible?
Seems like a rhetorical question, but stupid behavior and/or expression bring out our often animated contempt. To cool my own contempt, I tell myself, people have the right to be wrong. If that were not true, we could not learn, for that is exactly how we learn; by making mistakes, or watching others make them. But to elaborate more, I believe people have the right to be wrong AND must have the responsibility to live with the consequences, myself, included.
In fairness, though, I can't really equate mistakes with stupidity. Mistakes are from not knowing. One definition described stupidity as "a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance or inattention" (http://www.answers.com/topic/stupidity-betise-folly-foolishness-imbecility). I think I would disagree with the inclusion of ignorance. To me, stupidity is knowing better and proceeding, anyway.
I tried to read the following article about stupidity, but I didn't get it. I don't have enough familiarity with the nomenclature in the domain of philosophy. I felt quite stupid, in fact. What I think he said was, because we are rational beings, and because each of us perceives information independently, in choosing the least implausible of options, we may choose wrongly because of those independent perceptions.If I understood wrongly, I will accept the rants of others against me as the consequences.
IN PRAISE OF STUPIDITY or How to Stay Reasonably Enlightened
© Ronald de Sousa
University of Toronto
So, where does the contempt come from? | <urn:uuid:b81816e2-e5a5-4791-ac8e-c087e259d97f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.thinkatheist.com/profiles/blogs/reflection-1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280310.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00186-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966635 | 348 | 1.945313 | 2 |
About 1,500 Japanese, including sumo wrestlers, showed up Nov. 3, 1906, at the Japanese Tea Garden in San Francisco to celebrate Emperor Mutsuhito’s 54th birthday.
The San Francisco Call reported: “The al fresco programme of the day included all the characteristic attractions associated with Japanese, and was remarkable for, but one thing. That was the strangely accented modesty of the dozen or more wrestlers who furnished the chief sport of the day.
“In Japan a wrestler is considered quite dressed when he has his hair parted and his finger nails pared, but someone told the chief of the troupe that appeared yesterday that white skin and brawny loins shocked Americans even when draped by breechclouts. The result was that the wrestlers ran from all cameras and came near mobbing a couple of persistent photographers who were trying to get negatives of their interlocked figures in action.”
The Call published a photo showing two contestants wielding two-handed bamboo swords shaped like the steel ones used by samurai.
Japanese Consul Kisaburo Uyeno missed the birthday party, the Call reported, to meet with Secretary of Commerce and Labor Victor Metcalf.
President Theodore Roosevelt had sent Metcalf to San Francisco mediate between the city’s school board and the representative of the 91 Japanese children refused public-school entry.
A compromise was reached. The children would be allowed to go to San Francisco public schools, and Japan would stop issuing passports to Japanese laborers.
Meanwhile, some of Uyeno’s staff, including Dr. Nakahayashi, who wore his lieutenant’s uniform and plumed cap, attended the birthday celebration.
The Japanese Tea Garden was the scene of many events promoting Japan-U.S. friendship.
In May 1909, two Japanese training cruisers arrived in San Francisco with 600 enlisted men and 90 midshipmen, who were entertained at the open air theater in the tea garden.
“Coming ashore at 9 a.m. the Japanese visitors were first conveyed to the beach in front of the Cliff house, the midshipmen in automobiles and the jackies in a number of special trolleys,” reported The Associated Press.
After the beach stop, the visitors went to Golden Gate Park, where the Japanese sailors marched in columns of four to the bandstand.
“The city band rendered a musical program of which the American and Japanese anthems were conspicuous and appreciated features,” according to the AP. “After the concert was finished and the refreshments dispatched the visiting navy boys were escorted to the tea garden where special seats were reserved for them in front of the stage.”
American and Japanese officials spoke. Adm. H. Ijichi thanked his hosts and said that a country’s navy was not primarily for fighting, but for the preservation of peace among nations.
Days Gone By appears Sundays. Contact Nilda Rego at firstname.lastname@example.org. | <urn:uuid:a2b210a0-6e17-4cbb-bf27-e7fecabd87c3> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.eastbaytimes.com/2013/06/16/days-gone-by-1906-s-f-japanese-tea-garden-birthday-party-for-emperor-draws-crowds/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720941.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00518-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.973433 | 622 | 2.421875 | 2 |
Aditi, The Mother of Gods
Aditi is the primal goddess of the Hindu pantheon. She is one of the few goddesses mentioned in the Vedas.
Aditi means the one who is unbound, unlimited and unfettered.
She is the personification of the sky and space in which reside all gods, from where Indra sends down his thunder bolt or fights with Vrata to release the waters or where one can see Aditya, the sun god, riding in his golden chariot yoked by seven ruddy horses, illuminating the the sky and the earth with his effulgence as he rides from east to west.
According to some legends, she personifies time. The Vedic hymns mention her frequently as the mother of gods and all creatures.
Although no hymns are directly addressed to Aditi, her popularity as the universal mother is evident from the copious references to her name in the hymns of the Rigveda and Yajurveda addressed to other gods such as Indra, Varuna, Adityas and Soma.
She being the mother of gods, the hymns urge Aditi to mediate between men and gods and exert her motherly influence upon them to help the worshippers.
They also seek her help directly for protection, cattle, forgiveness, freedom from sin and abundance. Those who live in the heavens belong to Aditi. So those who desire to go to heaven should seek her help and mediation.
In some Vedic hymns she is mentioned as Prithvi, the supporter or substratum of all. In some she is compared to a cow, as the provider of nourishment for all creatures.
Adityas are her effulgent solar sons, who are mentioned to be either seven, eight or twelve of whom one is said to be her husband also. She is also described as the mother of Indra.
The Vedas describe her as the wife of Daksha, the grand father of all living forms.
But in the Puranas and the epics we see a clear shift in her status and role.
They depict her as deva matri, the mother of not just the Adityas, but all the 330 million gods.
In the Matsya Purana she appears in a brief role as the receiver of a pair of ear rings from Indra, the ruler of heavens, as a gift during the churning of the oceans.
The Vishnu Purana describes her as the daughter of Daksha and the wife of Kashyapa, the progenitor of human race, through whom she begot Vamana, an incarnation of Vishnu.
According to the Devi Bhagavata, Devaki, the mother of Lord Krishna, is an earthly manifestation of Aditi.
In the Puranas Aditi has an opponent in the form of Diti (the bound one), who is the mother of daityas or asuras, a type of demons.
Suggestions for Further Reading
- The Story of Gods, Demons and the Soul
- The Story of Brahma, Gods, Demons and the Humans
- Adityas, the Solar Deities
- Akasa, Ether or The Sky and The Fifth Element
- Durga, the Divine Mother
- Goddesses, Energies and Divinities of Hinduism in our Inner Universe
- Maya or The Power of Delusion in Hinduism
- Lakshmi, the goddess of wealth
- Vedic gods
- The Concept of Atman or Eternal Soul in Hinduism
- The Problem of Maya Or Illusion and How To Deal With It
- Belief In Atman, The Eternal Soul Or The Inner Self
- Brahman, The Highest God Of Hinduism
- The Bhagavad Gita Original Translations
- The Bhagavadgita, Philosophy and Concepts
- Bhakti yoga or the Yoga of Devotion
- Hinduism And The Evolution of Life And Consciousness
- Why to Study the Bhagavadgita Parts 1 to 4
- Origin, Definition and Introduction to Hinduism
- Symbolic Significance of Numbers in Hinduism
- The Belief of Reincarnation of Soul in Hinduism
- The True Meaning Of Renunciation According To Hinduism
- The Symbolic Significance of Puja Or Worship In Hinduism
- Introduction to the Upanishads of Hinduism
- Origin, Principles, Practice and Types of Yoga | <urn:uuid:0eb36aa4-ed29-4f72-8ec0-b49de16acc5e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.hinduwebsite.com/hinduism/concepts/aditi.asp | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281226.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00374-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.935967 | 923 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Bird poo study to help Britain’s Great bustards thrive31/12/2012 15:34:10 Great bustards diet key to their survival in UK
December 2012. Scientists at the University of Bath are studying the droppings of Great Bustards to help understand their diet and nutrition with the aim of boosting their survival in a conservation project to reintroduce the birds to the UK.
The reintroduction project has been regularly rearing chicks imported from Saratov, Russia and releasing them once they are fully fledged at a secret location on Salisbury Plain. For the first time this year, they have also successfully hatched chicks from eggs brought over from Russia.
As part of the conservation project, Scott Gooch and Dr Kate Ashbrook from the University of Bath LIFE+ project monitoring team have been collecting droppings of the released birds to monitor what they prefer eating and how their diet changes through the year.
Little known about diet
Understanding what the birds eat in the wild will help the development of targeted habitat management for Great Bustards in the UK.
Dr Ashbrook explained: "The success of this reintroduction project depends on whether there is enough food to support great bustards through the autumn and winter.
"We believe there is, but it is important to monitor their diet so we can ensure there is sufficient suitable habitat for them as the population grows, and to establish more through agri-environment management if needs be." | <urn:uuid:ada51464-1f6e-41da-913e-aa676bf95249> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.wildlifeextra.com/go/news/great-bustard-diet.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718296.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00538-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947548 | 293 | 3.234375 | 3 |
So contemptuous was the Coalition of the Australian Bureau of Statistics that a few years back it outsourced the provision of its economic statistics to Channel Nine.
In the midst of the 2010 election and just days after the ABS had released the official inflation figures it issued a press release headed "Groceries Rise by over 10 per cent in past year under Labor".
Its source was the Channel Nine. Nine had "independently demonstrated" that grocery prices have risen by 10 per cent in just over a year.
Whereas the ABS found that the price of a two-litre bottle of milk had climbed 0.1 per cent, the Nine Today Show had found it had jumped 96 cents (a percentage comparison is not available). Whereas the ABS found that the price of food in general had climbed 1.4 per cent, Nine found it had climbed 9.3 per cent.
Never mind that the ABS had personally visited around 10,000 stores to enter prices into handheld computers, never mind that the ABS had surveyed the prices of 100,000 separate goods, never mind that it weighted those prices in accordance with actual spending patterns, Nine had surveyed one basket of goods in one supermarket 12 months apart. Why bother with the ABS?
It'd be nice to think the coalition's attitude changed on taking office.
Yet within months in January its employment minister Eric Abetz was warning of a "wages explosion". He didn't say where he got the data from. It can't have been the ABS. It had wages growing at 2.7 per cent, down from around 4 per cent a few years previously. The rate has since slipped to 2.6 per cent...
The truth ought to matter to the government, especially the truth about the economy. It certainly matters to the Reserve Bank. It meets once a month to make just about the most important economic decision of the lot. Its two most important inputs are the official employment figures and the official inflation figures. And it's increasingly flying blind.
A decade ago the ABS surveyed 30,000 households each month to determine who was working and who was not. It kept going back to them until it got a response rate of 97 per cent. Now it surveys 26,000 households and accepts a response rate of 92 per cent. At the same time it's been fiddling with the way it interacts with those households, switching from phone calls to emails to save money.
As recently as March it was insisting the changes had affected the quality of its figures little. Then came August and a literally incredible jump of 121,000 in the number of Australians officially employed, an all-time record. At face value it suggested Australia had created 27 jobs every 10 minutes right around the clock for an entire month. The September number was an even bigger humiliation. If the figure had been presented normally it would have shown an even bigger collapse in employment of 172,000 people, meaning 40 jobs were lost each 10 minutes.
Something has gone horribly wrong. The ABS has called in outside consultants to help it work out what. In the meantime, the Reserve Bank is increasingly operating in the dark. Had it been less cautious and jacked up interest rates this month on the back of the published all-time jump in employment it would have shifted Australia's entire interest rate structure on the basis of a delusion.
The inflation figures suggest the Reserve Bank shouldn't be pushing up rates, but there's a chance the figures are misleading as well. Just about the entire developed world calculates inflation monthly. The ABS does it only quarterly, even though it has begged the government for the funds to do it more often. When the figures are occasionally misleading (the Reserve Bank points to a "couple of instances of quarterly readings for inflation that subsequently proved not to be representative of the general trend") the mistakes have remained official for an entire three months.
Australia's next inflation figure is out on Wednesday. New Zealand's is out on Thursday. The New Zealand figure will be shiny and new. Every three years it adjusts the "weights" it gives to different categories of spending in accordance with changes in consumer behaviour. Australia's ABS does it only every six years, a deterioration from the previous five years in order to save money. The current weights reflect spending in 2009-10.
The Coalition has been missing in action. It cut another $68 million from the ABS in this year's budget on top of $10 million cut by Labor on the way out, apparently unconcerned about the effect on statistics and its own ability to manage the economy. The head of the ABS bowed out in January and the best part of a year later hasn't been replaced. His last public statement, recorded in his last annual report said he had barely enough money to "keep the lights on".In The Age and Sydney Morning Herald | <urn:uuid:44f82702-376b-4063-83f7-271eff49124b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.petermartin.com.au/2014/10/reserve-bank-flying-blind-as-coalition.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282202.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00549-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.977918 | 973 | 1.640625 | 2 |
BRUSSELS – The European Commission has called for a ban on greenwashing as part of proposed guidelines which would also oblige businesses to provide consumers with information on product durability and reparability. The proposed revisions in EU consumer law were announced in the New Consumer Agenda and the Circular Economy Action Plan.
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If you already have Online or Print subscription Login To Unlock The Content! | <urn:uuid:f091d34c-7982-4ee8-9c6b-a2d95e16a2a9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://apparelinsider.com/european-commission-calls-for-greenwashing-ban/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00670.warc.gz | en | 0.950664 | 108 | 1.796875 | 2 |
Nothing defines a culture as distinctly as its language, and the element of language that best encapsulates a society’s values and beliefs is its proverbs.
It’s interesting to note that the two most common words in English proverbs are ‘good’ and ‘never’.
Proverbs are short and pithy sayings that express some traditionally held truth. They are usually metaphorical and often, for the sake of memorability, alliterative. And, as so many proverbs offer advice and uplift, many of them are religious in origin. Here’s an additional list of biblical proverbs.
I was recently examining the proverb “The early bird catcheth the worm.” the saying is found in John Ray’s “A Collection of English Proverbs” published in 1670.
Are you an early bird?
The common phrase “the early bird gets the worm” is normally given as counsel to be early or prompt. In entrepreneurial and business circles, it’s also a reminder that the first business to enter the market with a given idea has a big advantage.
That advantage is so powerful that, of the handful of classic entrepreneurial strategies that work, being the first to market is the first one that many of us think of. You can not just be the first, though; you have to be the first with the most or, as Peter Drucker would say it, “the Fustest With the Mostest.”
However, being the first business to market is as perilous as it is popular. All too often, the company that actually prospers is not the one that is first to market but the one that truly works the opportunities created in the new market. Thus, a second winning strategy: being the second business with the capability to coax the opportunities that the first business cannot or will not provide.
As with any strategic decision, there are advantages and disadvantages to either route.
The main idea in being there first with the most is that you go first with the idea, lead with it, and put as many resources as you can into both innovating and delivering whatever it is and dominating market share.
Some of the early bird advantages:
1. There are no competitors to contend with.
You get to both define and play the game all by yourself, which is a supreme advantage. Prospects are not vetting your value proposition against any other competitor on the same dimensions, so it’s a lot easier to come up with a compelling unique value proposition.
2. The innovative edge is inherently motivating.
Doing something that no one else is doing or has done before taps into a core drive for many people. As much as innovators and engineers love to solve problems, they get really fired up to solve new problems.
3. You have the market lead once competitors do enter.
New entrants have to play the game on your turf, and we all know that the home team has the advantage. Rolling out with something new is far more compelling than being the new people rolling out something that used to be new.
Some of the disadvantages of being the early bird:
1. Novelty can be hard to sell.
Novelty is a bit of a double-edged sword; as Geoffrey Moore illustrated brilliantly in Crossing the Chasm, broad segments of the market have a bias against novelty and are waiting for the innovation to be tested. They don’t want to waste their money and time on something that may not work.
2. Most people resist change.
If you are coming up with something new, you have to advance why this new thing is a better solution than currently available (and tested) solutions. Remember, better trumps new every time – though clever marketing can alter the dimensions of better.
3. Being the early bird is expensive.
You bear the learning curve in both the development of the idea and the best ways to get it to market. You bear the infrastructure setup costs. And your marketing team has to work harder to shift values and build trust.
4. You are the new kid on the block that opens new ground.
This disadvantage is more than a summary of the first three – it points to the fact that you create the very conditions for other ventures to beat you.
5. Most entrepreneurs cannot stick the landing.
They cannot complete the idea, because of execution. They generally have difficulties doing the hard work of the follow-through. They cannot market and position the product in the best ways since they are too busy developing it.
Whether an advantage or disadvantage from being an early bird, you need to learn from each mistake. The challenges of business in the past decade has been so daunting for some, that many of organisations have fallen into the precipice and have lost the battle and closed their doors. Many others are living dangerously and close to the edge. There is many lessons from the mistakes those adversities can teach us and more.
It is a fact that for whatever reason, on whatever level, there are leaders who make on occasions bad or wrong choices in response to the onslaught of bad news; leaders unable to weather the storms and sail its leadership team and company into better waters. It may not have been completely their fault, and this is not meant to criticise anyone, but certainly some of the blame can accurately be placed at their failure of business/commercial acumen, knowledge and leadership.
Management need to observe at what decisions were made, and when, that contributed to the failure, and what were, in the final analysis, the real risks that were taken that proved too much.
Understanding that you can eliminate future risk, and the risks through shared planning and managed execution.
Finally, certainly we can learn from our successes, but it is more likely people learn as much, if not more, from their failures through adversity. And the need to increase learning from past mistakes include the compliance and regulation challenges on management and board agendas.
Steven Wright once said:
“A conclusion is the place where you got tired of thinking” | <urn:uuid:5b3bdcc8-1fc6-44e4-ad2e-3275d98ad15b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://freedomafterthesharks.com/2017/05/15/at-what-cost-can-the-early-bird-catcheth-the-worm/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00074.warc.gz | en | 0.972147 | 1,255 | 2.703125 | 3 |
so that we would be justified [made free of the guilt of sin] by His [compassionate, undeserved] grace, and that we would be [acknowledged as acceptable to Him and] made heirs of eternal life [actually experiencing it] according to our hope (His guarantee).
[And He did it in order] that we might be justified by His grace (by His favor, wholly undeserved), [that we might be acknowledged and counted as conformed to the divine will in purpose, thought, and action], and that we might become heirs of eternal life according to [our] hope.
Being [L …so that having been] ·made right with God [justified; declared righteous] by his grace, we could ·have the hope of receiving [L become heirs with the hope/expectation of] ·the life that never ends [eternal life].
For we ourselves have known what it is to be ignorant, disobedient and deceived, the slaves of various desires and pleasant feelings, while our lives were spent in malice and jealousy—we were hateful and we hated each other. But when the kindness of God our saviour and his love towards man appeared, he saved us—not by virtue of any moral achievements of ours, but by the cleansing power of a new birth and the moral renewal of the Holy Spirit, which he gave us so generously through Jesus Christ our Saviour. The result is that we are acquitted by his grace, and can look forward to inheriting life for evermore. This is solid truth. Subjects like this are always good and useful but mind you steer clear of stupid arguments, genealogies, controversies and quarrels over the Law. They settle nothing and lead nowhere. If a man is still argumentative after the second warning you should reject him. You can be sure that he has a moral twist, and he knows it.
so that he could declare us good in God’s eyes—all because of his great kindness; and now we can share in the wealth of the eternal life he gives us, and we are eagerly looking forward to receiving it.
It wasn’t so long ago that we ourselves were stupid and stubborn, dupes of sin, ordered every which way by our glands, going around with a chip on our shoulder, hated and hating back. But when God, our kind and loving Savior God, stepped in, he saved us from all that. It was all his doing; we had nothing to do with it. He gave us a good bath, and we came out of it new people, washed inside and out by the Holy Spirit. Our Savior Jesus poured out new life so generously. God’s gift has restored our relationship with him and given us back our lives. And there’s more life to come—an eternity of life! You can count on this.
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Try Bible Gateway Plus, a brand-new service that lets you experience Bible Gateway free of banner ads! It also gives you instant access to over 40 Bible study and inspirational devotional books, including the NIV Study Bible. With Bible Gateway Plus, you can experience and understand God's Word in life-changing new ways, without the distraction of ads. Try it free for 30 days—you can cancel at any time. Following your 30-day free trial, Bible Gateway Plus is only $3.99/month. | <urn:uuid:7d40589d-6a0f-46ed-9fc5-f26545925dec> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.biblegateway.com/verse/en/Titus+3:7 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279489.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00007-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968716 | 827 | 1.773438 | 2 |
Cellbig, a Korean AR technology expert, leading the AR. Cellbig developing hardware & software, and interfaces that connects both.
Jun 22, 2020, 06:50
As the Pokemon GO caused a sensation around the world, the public's interest in Augmented Reality increased rapidly. Japan also created an application named 'Spot Message' that uses GPS location-based information to bring back the dead.
Investors started to find software developers that can deal with the emerging AR business ideas.
Cellbig is the largest AR technology company in Korea and it is founded in 2004. The strength of Cellbig is that Cellbig can make it all, from tangible hardware to the interface that connects the hardware with software. If the platform changes, there are many things that need to be developed, but Cellbig has the ability and know-how to do this without problems.
In 2009, Cellbig received international attention with developing a 'Tour De Star' that directly manipulates games by riding a bicycle. In 2010, Cellbig developed an AR game called ‘Hometown Adventure’, which searches for Chinese characters at some graves. This is about 5 years ahead of the popular AR game 'Pokemon GO'.
Cellbig's representative AR game is 'Sandcraft'. The sensational AR game, Sandcraft, is a device that can enjoy various games by recognizing the height difference of the sand touched by the user as a sensor.
According to CEO, Sang-ro Lee, the world started to paid attention to SandCraft. Cellbig already signed an exclusive distributorship agreement with Suntree in China and a system sales contract in North America with System Ku in the United States. A partnership agreement in Japan is underway with Bandai Namco Entertainment, which is famous for games such as 'Tekken' and 'Dragon Ball'.
Mr. Lee is confident that he will be renowned as a leading developer of VR (Virtual Reality) platforms as well as AR, based on the technology he has accumulated over the past 12 years. He said that there is no domestic company like Cellbig with that technology.
For more information on Cellbig, visit http://www.cellbig.com.
Contact : Tel. +82-2-2051-5770 / Email : email@example.com
Related Link : http://www.cellbig.com
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► This is a news release distributed by Hanmir PR news on behalf of Cellbig.
► News provided by Cellbig
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focuses on small-medium sized enterprises in South Korea.
Media Contacts +82-(0)2-6265-2100 / firstname.lastname@example.org
+82-(0)2-6265-2100 / email@example.com | <urn:uuid:f6379d3f-9242-467c-8749-cf2319bc3add> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://online-prnews.com/news/consumer-lifestyle/cellbig-a-korean-ar-technology-expert-leading-the-ar | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00470.warc.gz | en | 0.936 | 610 | 1.6875 | 2 |
The Bring Back Our Girls campaign, vowing that the Nigerian Citizen will not be silenced, has announced events on July 23 to mark the 100th day of the abduction of 276 girls from their school by Boko Haram.
Of that number, 219 girls remain in captivity, while 57 have escaped, the group said in a statement today, adding that the families and community have suffered deep anguish seeking effective rescue to end the peril that befell their daughters who had gone to school in search of knowledge.
“Citizens who have insisted on standing with our girls and ensuring they are not forgotten are heartbroken that our daughters and sisters are about to spend 100 days with their evil captors,” the statement said, hours after President Goodluck Jonathan finally met with the families at his convenience in Abuja.
“In those 100 days, the Bring Back Our Girls Campaign has focused on creating awareness of the abduction to ensure that it is a priority issue requiring action and compelling the right sets of action for a positive outcome,” the statement added.
It noted that the group has engaged various stakeholders, including the Presidency, the National Assembly, the office of the National Security Adviser, the Chief of Defense Staff, the Borno State Government & other State Governments, ECOWAS member countries and UN agencies.
It also stressed that the group’s singular message has been to demand that the Federal Government perform its fundamental duty of ensuring the security and the welfare of its citizens.
“As we denounce the wave of terror and insecurity across the country, we continue to demand that the Federal Government deploy its resources to ensure that the missing girls are brought home, and the errors leading from three-weeks of delayed action are remedied.”
To amplify their voices in demanding that the girls be brought home now and alive, activities around the world on the 100th day will include:
• Ibadan: Press Conference at the BRECAN Centre at 10 am
• Abuja: Special Sit-out Ceremony at the Unity Fountain at 3 pm
• Lagos: Remembrance service at the Wall of Missing Girls at Falomo Roundabout at 4pm
• New York: Candlelight vigil at the Nigerian Consulate at 5.30pm.
The campaign said there will also be events in India, Pakistan, the UK and most world capitals where there are teachers’ organisations, in partnership with the UN Special Envoy’s Office of Gordon Brown. Organisations participating are World at School, Girls not Brides, Global March Against Child Labour, Walk Free, Educational International and ITa.
“The continued pattern of intolerance to the activities of the Bring Back Our Girls Campaign is at variance with our effort to promote healthy civic engagement by citizens to strengthen the resolve of government to rescue the girls,” the statement said.
It further noted that as days become weeks and months and the girls are separated from their parents and their community, the campaign’s singular focus remains on their safe return in the shortest possible time.
The statement was signed by Hadiza Bala Usman and Oby Ezekwesili, Abuja; Aisha Oyebode and Yemisi Ransome-Kuti, Lagos; Betty Anyanwy-Akeredolu, Ibadan; Amina Hanga, Kano; and Eleanor Ann Nwadinobi, Enugu. | <urn:uuid:da9c6c97-be09-423e-913d-264f054a3cec> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://saharareporters.com/2014/07/22/bringbackourgirls-day-100-nigerian-citizens-will-not-be-silenced-campaign-vows | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571502.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811194507-20220811224507-00074.warc.gz | en | 0.951382 | 694 | 1.679688 | 2 |
Sophia Loren’s Secrets for Ageless Natural Beauty
Sophia Loren was voted the world’s most naturally beautiful person. When she was asked to share her secrets, Sophia Loren attributed her natural beauty to “a love of life, and the odd bath in virgin olive oil.” The practice of bathing in olive oil dates back to her Roman ancestors.
Sophia Loren has never had plastic surgery. Early in her career, she was urged to have her nose done, but she declined, and she has continued to reject the notion that women must mold themselves to fit some unnatural ideal of beauty.
According to Sophia Loren pineapple allowed her to preserve the beauty and prolong their youth. Sophia Loren eats three times a day with small portions. Every day she drinks a glass of yogurt with a spoonful of brewer’s yeast. She eats every day for one large pineapple. For detoxification every three months Sophia Loren eats only fresh fruit juices and drinks without sugar. She does not smoke, do not consume alcohol.
Sophia Loren exercises every morning for 10 minutes with open window, and usually falls asleep at 9PM and wakes up at 6 am. Then she gets a cold shower – it keeps the muscle tone and helps preserve the shape of the bust. Sophia Loren also recommends walking in the fresh air.
Here’s a beauty wisdom from Ms. Loren that I find so nice:
“Beauty is how you feel inside, and it reflects in your eyes. It is not something physical.”
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Galileo for Kids
His Life and Ideas, 25 Activities
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Galileo for Kids by Richard Panchyk
Book DescriptionGalileo, one of history's best-known scientists, is introduced in this illuminating activity book. Children will learn how Galileo's revolutionary discoveries and sometimes controversial theories changed his world and laid the groundwork for modern astronomy and physics. This book will inspire kids to be stargazers and future astronauts or scientists as they discover Galileo's life and work. Activities allow children to try some of his theories on their own, with experiments that include playing with gravity and motion, making a pendulum, observing the moon, and painting with light and shadow. Along with the scientific aspects of Galileo's life, his passion for music and art are discussed and exemplified by period engravings, maps, and prints. A time line, glossary, and listings of major science museums, planetariums, and web sites for further exploration complement this activity book.
Buy Galileo for Kids book by Richard Panchyk from Australia's Online Bookstore, Boomerang Books.
Book DetailsISBN: 9781556525667
(215mm x 279mm x 9mm)
Imprint: Chicago Review Press
Publisher: Chicago Review Press
Publish Date: 30-Jun-2005
Country of Publication: United States
Books By Author Richard Panchyk
Washington, DC History for Kids, Paperback (July 2016)» View all books by Richard Panchyk
"Chronicling the rich and fascinating history of Washington, DC, t his useful resource for teachers and parents, reveals to young readers the city s remarkable past through 21 hands-on activities."--
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Author Biography - Richard Panchyk
Richard Panchyk is the author of Archaeology for Kids and the coauthor of Engineering the City. Both of his grandfathers and three of his great-uncles were soldiers in World War II. He lives on Long Island in New York. Buzz Aldrin PhD was one of the first two humans to walk on the moon during the Apollo 11 landing of 1969. Since retiring from NASA, he has devoted himself to ensuring the continuation of manned space exploration. He lives in Los Angeles, California.
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Retrofit represents an opportunity to upgrade the energy performance of existing residential and commercial properties. Retrofit projects modify existing properties with the aim of improving energy efficiency or decreasing energy demand.
Retrofits can reduce bills, particularly in older buildings as well as helping to attract new tenants. At EEC, we have teams of experienced retrofit specialists to ensure we offer a full retrofit service.
The PAS 2035 Retrofit Assessment is carried out before any retrofit installation and should always be carried out by a fully qualified Retrofit Assessor. Project scope depends on the necessary improvement measures, risk level, and the type of building.
The Retrofit Assessment is three key reports that provide an overview of the whole property, its current usage, and potential. First, the Assessor will use simulation models to project the property’s energy usage; this generates the energy report (not to be confused with an EPC). The retrofit assessment is a more detailed process than the EPC. It is mainly for older properties that need more complex measures designed and installed to bring them to a better energy performance standard.
The Assessor will also carry out a condition survey (this is not a complete structural survey) that looks for defects that could impact future energy efficiency improvements. Any defects found should be resolved before any further installations.
The final part of the Retrofit assessment is the Occupancy Assessment. The Assessor will look at energy bills for previous years and patterns of water consumption and heating.
Once the assessment is completed, you will be presented with a comprehensive report made up of the three key assessment areas (energy report, condition survey, and occupancy assessment) along with the information you need to make informed decisions regarding potential next steps to making your home or property more energy efficient.
The Retrofit Report gives your Retrofit Coordinator, as the project manager, a complete and clear picture of the next steps of the retrofit process.
To ensure compliance with PAS 2035, every domestic retrofit project has to be managed by a retrofit coordinator. They are responsible for overseeing the assessment, monitoring, and evaluation of energy efficiency measures within domestic properties in accordance with PAS 2035.
Our retrofit Coordinators will manage retrofit projects from inception to implementation, liaising with Homeowners or Tenants, Retrofit Assessors, Retrofit Designers and Retrofit Installers to ensure effective completion of the installation of the Energy Efficiency Measures.
As part of PAS 2035 our Retrofit Coordinators will:
The Retrofit designer works to improve the performance of proposed energy efficiency measures (EEMs) by considering individual project specs and analysing projected impact. Designers will use 3D modelling and scans to design solutions working alongside the Retrofit Coordinator. Retrofit designers are particularly useful for retrofit projects involving older properties. | <urn:uuid:b3d02827-f175-43ff-be06-c1cf4f102760> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://eec.org.uk/retrofit | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00679.warc.gz | en | 0.913836 | 575 | 2.0625 | 2 |
(Photo credits: Adobe Stock -)
The age pyramid does not bode well for today’s workers. Neither is the pension reform that takes time to be implemented. In addition, 69% of French people oppose an increase in the legal retirement age from 62 to 64, according to an Elabe survey for “Les Echos” from March 2022. And approximately 70% want to return to retirement to all at 60 according to a survey published by the “JDD” in February 2022.
However, in our pay-as-you-go pension system, retirees’ pensions are financed by workers’ contributions and the ratio between retirees and workers is deteriorating. In 1950 there were 5 workers for every retiree in France. In 2019 there were 1.7 active contributors per retiree. The most pessimistic projections foresee 1 retiree per worker in 2070. In this context, the financing of pensions continues to be the thorny issue on which workers and public administrations seem to want to kick each other. In any case, it seems difficult in this context to have confidence in future retirement age and future retirement income.
There is a solution: prepare during your active life for your retirement so as not to experience too sudden a drop in your purchasing power. From this trail arises a trend that is being emulated on the web in general and on social networks in particular: the FIRE movement. What is it about ? How to do ? Is it applicable to everyone? Discover in this article all our explanations about the FIRE movement to start, or not.
The philosophy of the Fire movement
The FIRE movement, an extreme form of financial independence, comes from the Anglo-Saxon acronym: “Financial Independence, Retire Early”, a term that can be translated as “Financial independent, early Retirement”. The objective is, therefore, to be financially independent in order to cease a professional activity and live on one’s own investments as soon as possible. And as soon as possible, the followers of the movement are not targeting 50-55 year olds, but 30-40 year olds!
Cette méthode, plus proche d’une philosophie de vie d’ailleurs, repose sur 4 piliers: baisse drastique de ses dépenses, épargne massive, mise en place de stratégies d’investissement agressives, maintien d’une forme de sobriété, voire de frugalité retired.
The conditions that allow access to early retirement
The two requirements that make it possible to have a capital that allows very early retirement are a very important savings capacity during working life, as well as a massive investment in investments with high potential returns.
To retire as soon as possible, it is essential to set aside as much money as possible. For this, the savings rate must exceed 50% and ideally be around 75%. According to Mr. Money Mustache, apostle of the FIRE movement on YouTube, with a savings rate of 15% it takes 43 years to be financially independent, 28 years if you have a savings rate of 30% and 7 years with a savings rate of 75%.
So, this method requires investing everything in investments with high return potential. This means neither more nor less than it is about risk investments, not guaranteed in capital of course, mainly in the equity markets. So you need to be relatively risk-averse, but you also need to be aware that if the time you plan to retire falls into a recession, you may need to think about postponing your retirement a bit, unless you’ve secured your funds as retirement approaches. , but this also has an impact on the performance of your investments. Also, remember that a long investment horizon also allows you to take advantage of the magic of compound interest and thus boost capital with less effort.
Essential but difficult to achieve prerequisites
For these reasons, the FIRE movement seems totally unthinkable to those of us with small incomes, and even a little more important. Remember that the average salary in France is around €2,000 per month. If we consider that with an income like this we are capable of saving 50%, that is, a saving of €1,000 per month, with an allocation of assets that allows us to aspire to a 6% annual return, we will even save between 20 and 30 years to that saving income reaches that of this average income.
The saving effort is therefore counted in several decades, although this effort is considerable for medium and modest incomes and requires enormous sacrifices, but it also varies greatly depending on the family unit. In fact, this method will be easier to implement for a couple without children than for a single person, but much more difficult for a couple with many children.
Also read: Should you prepare for retirement through a PER?
Financial independence to simplify your life and not impose sacrifices on yourself
The FIRE movement seems a bit extreme to us. Can we still talk about financial freedom when we impose so many restrictions on ourselves? In our opinion, the simplest thing, instead of trying to stop your professional activity before reaching the age of 40, is to find a job that corresponds to your aspirations and desires.
And while we completely agree that, given the current context and the weakness of retirement pensions, it is urgent to prepare for retirement in order to accumulate additional income, these should allow us to maintain a purchasing power comparable to that of those who one could benefit during his working life than to want at all costs to stop working as soon as possible.
With the cessation of professional activity, the question of replacement activity arises. What is the purpose of the retreat? The frugality advocated by the retired FIRE movement seems to us quite close to a desire for reduction that is not necessarily suitable for everyone.
This extreme move, difficult to implement, does not seem ideal to us. However, the enthusiasm surrounding this method at least has the benefit of reminding us of the importance of preparing to finance your retirement when the time comes through investments in the stock markets, real estate, non-standard investments, etc. And if possible, why not consider retiring a little earlier?
#Mouvement #FIRE #pourrezvous #être #jeune #retraité | <urn:uuid:47dbaf8c-007a-4ee1-a552-646d1695b784> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://3sk.work/2022/08/01/cbmihafodhrwczovl3d3dy5ib3vyc29yyw1hlmnvbs9wyxryaw1vaw5ll2fjdhvhbgl0zxmvbw91dmvtzw50lwzpcmutcg91cnjlei12b3vzlwv0cmutdw4tamv1bmutcmv0cmfpdgutmzjlnja3yzdmmgnhztc1mwy0mdkznwm2mju3mtjjzgxsaygbahr0chm6ly93/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00477.warc.gz | en | 0.952063 | 1,299 | 1.890625 | 2 |
Teen births plummet: That's a good thing on its own, of course, but I will rerun my speculative comments from late last year:
Is HPV vaccine bringing down the birth rate?
This idea was first proposed to me by an Australian vaccine safety advocate who was visiting the States. According to my notes from 2014:
“she said the teen birth rate in south australia took a dive in 2008, the year after the vaccine was introduced there. also something similar in europe. she said the vaccine might be killing off the eggs in the ovaries. something to this effect was pubbed in sept 2012 by deirdre little, she thinks in bmj or lancet.”
Checking today, I see a report from 2013:
(LifeSiteNews.com) - The British Medical Journal (BMJ) Case Reports journal has reported that a healthy 16-year-old Australian girl lost all ovarian function and went into menopause after being injected with the human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine Gardasil.
“Dr. Deirdre Little, the Australian physician who treated the girl, provides solid evidence that Gardasil caused the destruction of the girl's fertility.
“She also pointed out that Merck Pharmaceutical, the manufacturer of Gardasil, has no supporting information on the effects of the vaccine on ovaries, suggesting that Merck had either done no safety testing on Gardasil in relation to its effects on women's reproductive systems, or had suppressed the information.”
My notes from 2014 continue:
“Wonder if this could explain sharp drop in u.s.
press release -- “(Washington, DC)-The U.S. teen birth rate declined 8 percent in 2011, according to new data released by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Health Statistics. Since the recent peak in 1991, the teen birth rate has declined 49 percent and declined a full 25 percent between 2007 and 2011 alone. The overall national teen birth rate as well as rates for all age groups and all racial/ethnic groups are at historic lows.
"The continued decline in the nation's teen birth rate has been positively breathtaking and the credit for this remarkable national success story goes to teens themselves," said Sarah Brown, CEO of The National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy.”
My colleague Mark Blaxill noted to me then that “the 2007 to 2011 drop would correspond almost exactly with the introduction of Gardasil in late 2006.”
Mumps: Forty cases, amid concern graduation ceremonies might be affected. The mumps vaccine doesn't work but Merck cheated and said it did. Two Merck scientists blew the whistle -- time to listen!
Brian Hooker updates the twisted Thompson saga (and what about the "isolated" cases, don't they still count?): Very recently, Mr. Richard Morgan, Esq., Dr. Thompson’s whistle blower attorney, stated that Dr. Thompson will be publishing a paper in May, 2016, where he will assert that the MMR vaccine is not linked to autism in African American males. Instead Dr. Thompson will state that socioeconomic factors alone in the African American community account for the original MMR-African American male “effect” (the effect that he is on record as stating the CDC purposefully hid). I have not been given access to Dr. Thompson’s reanalysis and therefore cannot comment regarding the forthcoming paper at this time. However, I am suspect of any analysis coming from the CDC due to the historic nature of the agency’s scientific misconduct and conflicts of interest specifically around any link between vaccines and autism.
Regardless of the content of Dr. Thompson’s reanalysis paper, these facts remain:
- 1. CDC scientists colluded to cover up a relationship between the timing of the MMR vaccine and autism in African Americans that was first discovered in November of 2001. Rather than reporting the results to the public, all data regarding this relationship were destroyed at a secret meeting held some time in August/September of 2002. This fact has been affirmed via an affidavit given by Dr. Thompson to Rep. Bill Posey in September, 2014.
- 2. Dr. Thompson attempted to warn the CDC Director at the time, Dr. Julie Gerberding, regarding this relationship, prior to the February 2004 Institute of Medicine meeting on vaccines and autism. Rather than allowing Dr. Thompson to present the information at this meeting, Dr. Gerberding replaced him as a speaker with Dr. Frank Destefano, current director of the CDC’s Immunization Safety Office, where he presented fraudulent results regarding the MMR vaccine and autism. Dr. Thompson was put on administrative leave and was threatened that he would be fired due to “insubordination.”
- 3. When Dr. Thompson attempted to leave the CDC later that same year, he was given a $24,000 retention bonus. Dr. Thompson’s impression of the timing of this bonus, in light of disciplinary actions taken against him earlier that year, is that CDC officials were “buying his silence” through controlling his actions as a CDC employee.
- 4. Dr. Thompson has published two papers linking thimerosal exposure in infant vaccines to tics in boys (Thompson et al. 2007 and Barile et al. 2012). CDC fraudulently maintains on their website that “There is no evidence of harm caused by the low doses of thimerosal in vaccines, except for minor reactions like redness and swelling at the injection site.” (http://www.cdc.gov/
vaccinesafety/concerns/ thimerosal/). The tic result was also affirmed in the earlier CDC publication by Verstraeten et al. (2003) and the Andrews et al. (2004) publication.
- 5. CDC pressured Dr. Thompson to downplay the tic result of his analysis in his 2007 paper. He was instructed to deemphasize the tic result by the CDC’s Chief Science Officer, Dr. Tanja Popovic, by emphasizing that the “major finding of the study” was “there is NO associations (sic) of thimerosal exposure with the great majority of the outcomes.” Dr. Popovic also instructed Dr. Thompson to interpret any negative outcomes as “chance findings.”
- 6. CDC also pressured Dr. Thompson to withhold publication of his 2012 paper which reported a relationship between thimerosal and tics. Dr. Ed Travathan, head of the CDC’s National Center for Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, stated in an April 27, 2009 memo to him that the analysis was sound except for the tic results and that they should be omitted from the publication. Since the tic result was the only result that had a consistent negative relationship with thimerosal exposure, it seemed that Dr. Thompson’s superiors were specifically concerned that thimerosal’s safety and use not be questioned. As an epidemiologist, Dr. Thompson was justifiably concerned and critical of the CDC’s action to approve the paper for publication only after the CDC took the extraordinary step of adding an expert in tics to water down the paper to state, “This finding should be interpreted with caution due to limitations in the measurement of tics and the limited biological plausibility regarding a causal relationship.” | <urn:uuid:f9c20595-e9c8-4634-ba8c-b625fd89a8fb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ageofautism.com/2016/04/from-the-editor.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00470.warc.gz | en | 0.962115 | 1,582 | 2.140625 | 2 |
Obama: Share the wealth?
New: Morning Question of the Day
Introducing a new category today – called “Morning Question of the Day.”
From time to time – a local, national or global current event will be published here on Hoboken411 (similar to the “Breakfast Nuggets,” but easier to digest).
These topics will have some kind of dotted line to everyone – including those living in the Mile Square.
Does Obama not know America is a Capitalist Country?
Earlier this month – President Obama addressed the U.S. Chamber of Commerce – and the general headline from his speech was:
“Corporate Profits Have To Be Shared By American Workers.”
Adding: “The benefits cannot just translate into greater profits and bonuses for those at the top. They have to be shared by American workers, who need to know that opening markets will lift their standard of living as well as your bottom line.”
Who the hell is anyone to dictate how a capitalist market should work?
If you offer a job – with a certain pay – you’ll have people that want to work for that wage. If the wages are too low – you’ll have a tough time finding reliable help – the market decides, you know? Furthermore – our way of living typically rewards people who work harder than others (in most entrepreneurships at least).
Mind you – I do feel that some “Corporate CEO” salaries are ridiculously high (unless they were the founders of said companies). But some blame can be placed the shareholders of those public companies for letting it happen. No one reads proxy statements, or tries to understand the complicated balance sheets of the companies they invest in – and vote accordingly. Oh well.
Do you feel more corporate profits should be “shared” or is a damn salary with benefits enough? | <urn:uuid:4969427f-371b-43e6-b3e7-70a27e138836> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://hoboken411.com/archives/59671 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279933.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00125-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961617 | 387 | 1.507813 | 2 |
Dreams are often intended to serve as a method of escape from reality, diving deep into the realm of imagination, but what happens when, instead of waking up joyful, you wake up horrified, terrified, puzzled, with a profound sense of loss, yet oddly unburdened by the fact that it was all a dream? What does it mean when you dream of someone dying?
Having a dream of someone dying is a typical event, with 80 percent of individuals have experienced it at least once in their life. Dreaming about death may appear frightening at first, but there are various meanings explaining what the dreams actually mean, which is rarely that someone is about to die. Thus the importance of knowing what dreaming about someone’s death means as it will help prevent panic and fear when you return to reality.
We might have dreams about all types of individuals dying, including loved ones, adversaries, and complete strangers. This article will explain what it means to dream of someone dying and the facts concerning dreaming of death.
What Does It Mean When a Loved One Passes Away in a Dream?
Losing someone we care about is one of our greatest concerns, but what happens when we dream about losing them? Dreaming about someone you care about dying sends you into a frenzy of concern, and you find yourself striving to protect them from everything that may bring the horrible scenario to reality.
Dreaming about a loved one dying might foreshadow physical death in exceedingly rare circumstances. The dream may be attempting to represent the strong bond you share with the person and your fear of ever losing them from your life. Another interpretation of the meaning states that if you’ve recently been let down by a loved one, the dream may be attempting to represent the hurt from the disappointment and the void created.
What Does It Mean When a Family Member Passes Away in a Dream?
What Does It Mean When a Family Member Passes Away in a Dream?
Dreaming about death is frequently caused by changes in your relationship with the person in issue. The death of a family member might be viewed in a variety of ways. They are as follows:
- Fear Of Losing Of A Family Member
The dream may be attempting to emphasize your fear of losing a specific family member, either because you have a deep connection with the individual or because the family member now plays a significant role in your life.
- A Feeling Of Betrayal
Dreaming about the death of a family member could indicate a sense of betrayal. If a family member has recently let you down, especially someone you did not anticipate it from, the dream may be attempting to convey your pain and sense of betrayal as a result of the person’s actions.
- Missing A Family Member
If you haven’t seen a family member in a long time, your dream may be attempting to tell you that you miss them. This is especially noticeable when you have not been apart from a family member for an extended length of time, and you feel envious and upset since you are no longer a part of their life as you once were.
- Currently Dealing With The Death Of A Family Member
We may dream of the death of an already deceased family member owing to a profound sense of sadness and blame. This dream indicates that you are still grieving the loss of a family member and blame yourself for their death. This usually happens if you witness the death of a family member and are unable to let go and accept reality.
- Going Through A Big Change In Your Life
When you are going through a major change in your life, such as marriage, childbirth, or a new financial position, you may dream about the death of a family member. The dream might be a representation of how quickly your life is changing, along with your past relationships, or it could be a reflection of how poorly you are dealing with change.
Dream About Dead Bodies
While most death dreams are about the finality of a life transition, the specifics of your dreams might reflect how you’re coping with the change. If you see a dead body in your dream, it might signal that you’re having difficulty letting go. It might also be about something that has to be buried but hasn’t been because it’s been revealed or something that has been revived.
What Does It Mean When You Dream About Yourself Dying
Dreaming about oneself Dying might imply that you are going through a major life transition. It might be a figurative goodbye to a relationship, a job, or a home. It might represent a fading part of yourself or something you’d rather avoid.
It’s also conceivable that you’ve been putting everyone else’s needs ahead of your own. A part of you feels unnoticed and begs for attention.
What Does It Mean When You Dream Of Someone Dying
Dreaming about the death of someone you know might be the result of negative thoughts you have toward that person. The dream is attempting to convey how urgently you want to get the individual out of your life by any means imaginable. The dream might be the result of personal resentment and bottled-up feelings against the individual.
Is Dreaming of Someone Dying Good Luck?
Death in a dream usually represents the end of a relationship or a phase of your life. Death in dreams may have a positive connotation, with most people perceiving it as a good omen and a sign of wealth and good luck. Dreaming about dying might be an attempt to demonstrate a significant positive transition, implying the need to remake oneself as a good thing is on its way.
15 Interesting Facts About Dreaming Of Someone Dying
Most individuals are scared of anything related to death, which is why dreams about death are typically an unpleasant and terrifying experience. The top 15 facts regarding death dreams are shown below.
Dreaming about death does not necessarily represent physical death.
Dreaming about death might represent the end of one era of your life and the beginning of another.
Dreaming about dying might be a good omen.
Some persons consider a death dream to be a sign of good fortune and success.
Death dreams might indicate a wish to put an end to a difficult experience.
Death dreams might signify an underlying desire to be free of reality.
Death dreams might be caused by a person’s fear of loss.
Some drugs, such as alpha-blockers, might produce nightmares and death dreams.
Because of the state of their subconscious, a person suffering from depression is more likely to have death nightmares.
People who have thanatophobia, or an extreme dread of death or dying, are more likely to dream about death.
Death nightmares may serve as a wake-up call to break bad behaviors and practices.
Dreaming about dying acts as a reminder of how valuable life is.
It might be a reflection of an unattainable goal.
What can You Learn from a dream of someone dying?
- You must take action to deal with the changes in your life.
Dreaming about death typically represents a transformation or rebirth in one’s life. Maybe there’s a fresh opportunity in your work or a chance to start a new relationship, and you need to grasp it right now.
- You must overcome your apprehension of losing someone or something.
Fear of loss appears to be a prominent explanation of nightmares in which someone dies. When you value someone or some characteristics in someone, you may be terrified of losing them. As a result, such dread might be reflected in your dreams by your subconscious. To overcome such fear, you might strive to improve the stability of your relationships with others in real life.
- You must deal with your tension or worry.
The dream involving someone’s death may also reflect your uneasiness or tension. Perhaps the person who died in your dream represents someone who puts you under a lot of stress and you want to get away from him or her. In this scenario, it is time to manage and overcome your nervousness.
Different Cultures’ Perceptions of Death in Dreams
Different Cultures’ Perceptions of Death in Dreams
Since the dawn of time, several interpretations of death dreams have been offered. Dreaming about your death was thought to bring good fortune in ancient times.
The ancient Egyptians thought that seeing a coffin in your dream meant rebirth, but in the Greek Hellenistic era, dreams about the death of a loved one indicated good fortune and riches given by their gods on the dreamer.
Despite the fact that certain civilizations saw dreaming about death as a favorable indication throughout the medieval period, some thinkers firmly believed that dreaming about death was a bad omen and a foretell of awful things to come.
The 470AD era is widely known for the belief in dreaming of death, which meant the individual involved’s real-life death. The following are some well-known urban tales regarding dreaming and dying in dreams:
Dreams of parents dying would soon become a reality.
Coffins in dreams symbolize horrible things to come.
You never wake up when you die in a dream.
Having amber eyes in your nightmares means you are always pursued by demonic spirits.
Dreaming of your own death foretells of imminent calamity.
What Does It Mean When You Dream About Someone?
Dreaming about someone might be a mirror of your sentiments and thoughts about that individual.
It might, however, be a sign or symbol of something else essential in your life. It is impossible to interpret dreams precisely, but they are frequently indicative of the issues in our life with which we struggle the most.
It might also be a sign of what we are thinking about during the day. Dreams may be about anything, including things we’ve never seen or experienced in real life.
When you have a dream about someone, it typically reflects how you feel about them in real life. Your dream might be advising you to pay more attention to that individual in real life.
Your subconscious may be attempting to connect the dots on something and requires the assistance of your conscious mind to accomplish so. You should also keep track of any reoccurring themes to get a sense of what’s going on in your life.
What Do Dreams Mean?
Dreams are the product of your subconscious attempting to process emotions and ideas from the day. Dreams are frequently interpreted by some psychologists using symbolic language. These interpretations may vary from person to person, but there are certain fundamental themes to look for.
Because dreams are representations of mental processes, they can be analyzed using Freudian and Jungian psychology. Dreams typically mirror how we are feeling right now or what we want in the future. They also symbolize our innermost fears and secret aspirations.
The unconscious mind attempts to make sense of everything that occurs during the day by reacting with symbols and pictures from our daily lives and experiences.
Some people believe that dreams are simply stories created by the brain to help process information or make sense of experiences and feelings, whereas others believe that dreams have a deeper meaning.
A dream might be viewed as a means for the subconscious to digest information that it does not fully comprehend.
Dreams allow us to process our feelings and experiences, as well as the feelings and thoughts of others, in a safe environment where anything is possible.
Dreams may also teach you things about yourself, your personality traits, and your emotions that you might not be aware of when you’re awake.
There are several beliefs concerning the significance of dreams and what they may signify. Some individuals think that dreams are the outcome of everyday recollections or the discharge of unconscious ideas.
Sigmund Freud, for example, felt that dreams were a mechanism for the dreamer’s mind to resolve difficulties. Most dreams, he felt, were wish-fulfilling and often included gratifying wants, drives, or desires.
Dream interpretation is an ancient and time-honored practice. According to one well-known school of thinking, typical dreams tend to be universally comprehended in comparable ways by people from various backgrounds.
Why Do I Keep Dreaming About The Same Person?
Unsurprisingly, dreaming of the same person repeatedly is related to your waking life relationship with them. It’s possible that you’re at a good period of friendship when everything is simple and you’re always there for one other. Maybe they’re going through a hard period and you’re worried about them.
If you keep dreaming about the same person, it’s possible that you’ve forgotten about something in your waking life. Your subconscious may be informing you that you have forgotten their birthday or a significant occasion in their life.
When You Dream About Someone Are They Thinking Of You?
A widespread fallacy is that when you dream about someone, they are dreaming about you. This is a mistake since your brain never stops building new connections, even when you’re asleep.
Of course, it’s possible that when you dream about someone, they’re thinking about you or perhaps dreaming about you.
This phenomena is known as “dream telepathy,” and it has been thoroughly examined by experts, who have discovered no substantial proof that it occurs.
According to some study, when a person dreams about another person in their sleep, they are actually dreaming about themselves.
Dreaming About Someone Trying To Kill Me
Dreams of someone attempting to kill (or assault) you are typically associated with difficulties of control. Such dreams indicate that you are fighting to take control of your life, and the prospect of not being able to do so fills you with dread.
Dreams of someone attempting to murder you are usually expressions of your misery and suffering. It’s a type of dream that frequently arises when the dreamer feels unable to solve challenges and problems.
The dream might also be connected to a relationship or circumstance you’re currently in with someone in your waking life. If the person attempting to murder you is someone you know (a friend, lover, enemy, etc.), there’s a good chance you’re terrified of them.
Dreaming about an acquaintance murdering you may indicate that you have already harmed the individual and that your conscience is consuming you from the inside.
The individual in question may be attempting to exert control over you, or you may perceive them to be dangerous. The dream means that you are attempting to avoid the problem or that you are not attempting to confront what you are afraid of. This bothers you so much that it continues to plague you in your dreams.
If the person attempting to murder you in your dream is someone you don’t know, it suggests they symbolize a characteristic you’re fearful of or a circumstance you’re trying to avoid. For example, the killer or attacker might represent your fear of rejection or tremendous pressure as a result of other people’s expectations of you.
Dreaming about someone attempting to kill or assault you can also be seen as a warning sign of impending danger in your waking life. It’s a hint that you need to take care to protect yourself from whatever is causing you damage. If you were able to escape in your dream, this is a good omen that you will conquer any obstacles that come your way.
Dreaming Of A Dead Person Being Alive Meaning
What does dreaming of a dead person coming back to life mean? These nightmares frequently suggest an inability to accept the truth that a valued person has left our life for good. Perhaps such dreams are our subconscious’s method of coping with the loss.
They can sometimes represent sentiments of sorrow or sadness for not addressing certain issues when they were living. If this is the case, a dream like this might help us forgive that person or ourselves and eventually find peace in our life.
Dreams concerning dead persons are frequently taken as a sign of unforeseen developments in our lives. They can also represent getting unexpected news.
These dreams are frequently our subconscious’s effort to convey a message about something we refuse to admit and accept, or something we prefer to ignore. They can sometimes represent the necessity to let go of something or someone you no longer require in order to create room for a fresh start and a new beginning. | <urn:uuid:42e0c9df-ff60-4250-b181-e9a4ee7bcd57> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://recruitmentupdate.com.ng/2022/03/17/dream-of-someone-dying-what-does-it-mean/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00668.warc.gz | en | 0.950166 | 3,343 | 1.710938 | 2 |
Working on collaborations can and should be exciting. You’ve probably made the experiences, that some matches just work – while others seem more complicated or top-heavy. We’ve collected some ideas to help you run a smooth and hassle-free collaboration.
Identify the shared agenda
An incredibly important factor of engaging in a great collaboration is identifying the agenda each participant has.
Whether it’s a certain release schedule, commitment or way of distribution, getting on a shared course early is vital when investing a lot of time and work.
Play into each other’s strengths
Playing into each other’s strengths means knowing and utilizing special abilities.
If you know that your collaborator has a very strong electronic skillset, use that.
If you’re a decent songwriter, but your collaborator is also an even better lyricist – don’t hog that task. Ego-less work mode is the way to go!
Decide on a communicative style
Some people lean towards a predominantly digital form of communication, some love to get together and vibe in the studio (if possible).
Try to identify and decide on how you want to communicate in the course your the project.
Don’t be flustered, if a collaborator isn’t as active as you are. Try to accept it as a different mode of communication, and not lack of interest.
Be curious of varying workmodes
The same applies to workmodes – be open to various forms.
Just like discovering a new sound or creative sphere, try to be open for new workmodes without being judgmental about modes that differ from yours.
Start organizing you early
Start organizing early.
Think about where your collaborator is heading in the near future – physically and release wise – and think about external factors like equipment or musicians.
Also – even if you know your collaborator owns a large collection of instruments or equipment, don’t just assume that they can be used. Taking things for granted is an easy way to antagonize people you want to work with. So be sure to avoid that!
This is probably one of the most important factors when engaging in creative work together.
No matter how tight the deadlines, or how delicate the creative vision: preserve the lightheartedness. | <urn:uuid:fce37927-c238-4b6e-ad4e-ff0b6da48d6b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blog.fortunes.io/effective-ways-improve-collaboration/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.925335 | 481 | 1.601563 | 2 |
Pandora’s Promise, a documentary film by director Robert Stone that opened in US cities on June 12th, is the story of one-time anti-nuclear power activists who now advocate using nuclear energy.
The flaw in the film’s approach is its zealous advocacy of one solution — one silver bullet — to meet the tremendous challenges of providing for some nine billion people by 2050, while also protecting societies from the ravages of climate disruption. The kind of thinking that led some of these environmentalists to single-mindedly protest nuclear power plants during the 1970s and 1980s leads them to just-as-single-mindedly advocate a push toward nuclear power 40 years later.
Pandora’s Promise ticks off three major reasons for the sea change on nuclear power. First, activists recognize that poor people in developing countries deserve access to energy sources to advance their economies and raise their standards of living. The environmentalists in the film favor the rapid growth of nuclear power over the coal burning that is now common in emerging economies like China and India.
Second, the film’s subjects recognize that nothing else has worked as well as nuclear power to reduce dependence on carbon-emitting fossil fuels. Solar technologies are still too expensive, and wind power is supplying just a tiny fraction of current electricity despite large investments; only nuclear reactors, they claim, can supply the continuously available electrical power needed for large-scale commercial and household use.
Third, several movement leaders believe that the fight for a carbon tax to discourage the burning of fossil fuel has been lost in the United States, and that the likelihood US politicians will adopt policies to help slow climate change in the next 10 years is remote.
In short, it appears that these environmentalists have discovered poverty, the Keeling curve (a graph that depicts Earth’s rising temperature since the 1950s), and the brawling political process for the first time and are shocked, simply shocked, by what they’ve seen. They’re now out to rectify the situation in one fell swoop with the promise of nuclear power. By doing so, however, they have traded one brand of “solutionism” for another. | <urn:uuid:f638c5e8-d37c-4aba-8258-e984ef9b3276> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://lucian.uchicago.edu/blogs/atomicage/2013/06/19/pandoras-false-promise-by-kennette-benedict-via-the-bulletin-of-atomic-scientists/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280410.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00458-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955814 | 445 | 2.9375 | 3 |
Uber is controversial everywhere it goes. The company has been banned in several cities in India after the alleged rape of a female passenger in Delhi. In other cities around the world it has similarly been banned due to licensing issues, but the company continues to operate despite the bans. Some may see the company as scrappy, while others think the way it conducts itself is abrasive, unethical, and downright illegal. Students are asked to delve into this disruptive startup and analyze how technology can impact business models while assessing the challenges of adhering to a sound ethical plan in the face of an agile business environment.
Uber Technologies, Inc.: Global Strategies, Local Challenges
by: Surinder Batra
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After reading and discussing the material, students should:
- Assess disruption in business models created through innovative use of technology.
- Examine growth strategies adopted by technology-based entrepreneurs amid the challenges of facing entrenched and newly emerging competition.
- Analyze the regulatory challenges a technology-intensive start-up may face.
- Identify and confront critical issues related to business ethics.
- Apply strategic management concepts relevant to emerging technologies. | <urn:uuid:e1c867f5-be9b-4020-8858-62ef99f91a55> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wdi-publishing.com/product/uber-technologies-inc-global-strategies-local-challenges/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00676.warc.gz | en | 0.913393 | 397 | 2.21875 | 2 |
On Tuesday, November 6, 2001 the academic showing ‘Argentina: Refuge and Exile was presented’, in charge of Rudolf Barth, Director of the Goethe Institut, presented the Vice-president of the IRWF, Dr. Natalio Wengrower, who informed about the activities and projects of the organization. Among them, the projected Monument to the saviors of humankind to be placed at the University City in the city of Buenos Aires. Likewise, he remembered a new anniversary of The Crystal Night, pogrom that took place in Germany on November 9, 1938 as well as its coincidence with the calendar of the fall of the Berlin Wall, in 1989.
The audience amounted more than 100 people among who were present community, institutionary and diplomatic leaders as well as numerous members of the German-Jewish community in Argentina and Holocaust survivors.
Andreas Nachama, author of many books, former President of the Berlin Jewish community and Director of the showing ‘Topography of Horror’ disserted about the Jews’ situation in the Germany of the ’30 and their social movements towards the exile.
Later, Johanna Hopfengaertner, student of history at the Berlin Free University, made a preview of the thesis she is preparing in Buenos Aires due to a scholarship granted by the Wallenberg Foundation. Hopfengaertner spoke about the exile and the arrival of German – Jews to Argentina, especially from the perspective of the role of immigrant women. Her job will be published in Argentina by the IRWF during the year 2002.
1938 * 63rd anniversary of the Crystal Night * 2001 Goethe Institute and the International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation. | <urn:uuid:54e35327-3378-4b77-9ec3-1a66248b477f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.raoulwallenberg.net/articles/refuge/argentina-refuge-exile/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284352.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00192-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.950334 | 348 | 1.9375 | 2 |
|Simulation Cricket Authority: Simulation cricket goes pink for breast cancer awarenessSimulation cricket goes pink for breast cancer awareness - October 2, 2007: 09:50:35
SCAN (Simulation Cricket Authority News)
October is National Breast Cancer Awareness month, and in an initiative started in 2006, websites all over the world are going pink to raise awareness.
Simulationcricket.com has also gone pink to help the cause. Australian batsmen Matthew Hayden and Andrew Symonds use pink grips on their bats, for the same cause.
If you run a website, you can also help raise awareness for breast cancer by altering your templates to appear pink. | <urn:uuid:a076625e-ff49-41fe-a48d-0f3967b61c55> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://simulationcricket.com/articles.php?n=69 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572127.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815024523-20220815054523-00264.warc.gz | en | 0.896431 | 137 | 1.757813 | 2 |
“Havex,” malware previously targeting organizations in the energy sector, has recently been used to carry out industrial espionage against a number of companies in Europe, a security company revealed.
Finnish antivirus firm F-Secure found that among the victims, were two major educational organizations in France, as well as an industrial machine producer in the country, and two German manufacturers of industrial applications and machines.
In a Monday blog post, the company also said that one firm in California was targeted by Havex, a RAT (remote access trojan) that collects data from supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems and industrial control systems (ICS).
Throughout this spring, F-Secure detected 88 variants of the malware, which had been used to “gain access to, and harvest data from, networks and machines of interest,” the blog post said.
To get a foothold in targeted organizations, Havex attackers used watering hole tactics, where hackers draw numerous victims to one destination, like an infected website, to maximize their impact.
In this incident, three ICS vendor websites were compromised, so miscreants could “replace" legitimate software installers hosted on sites with ones that had been trojanized to deliver the Havex RAT, F-Secure said. The software vendor sites belonged to companies in Germany, Switzerland and Belgium.
In addition to the watering hole attacks, spam and exploit kits were leveraged by attackers to deliver the malware. Of note, Havex makes use of an industrial standards specification, OLE for Process Control (OPC), which allows Windows applications to interact with process control hardware, F-Secure revealed.
“Using OPC, the malware component gathers any details about connected devices and sends them back to the [command-and-control server] for the attackers to analyze,” the blog post said. “It appears that this component is used as a tool for intelligence gathering. So far, we have not seen any payloads that attempt to control the connected hardware.”
In Wednesday email correspondence with SCMagazine.com, Sean Sullivan, security advisor at F-Secure, said that using Havex would be the “first step which needs to be taken” if an attacker were to design malware with the purpose of infecting industrial control systems.
“You can't know what's worth developing an attack for without first finding out what and where the potential targets exist,” Sullivan wrote. “You don't actually need to infect the ICS if you control the computer controlling the ICSs. Stuxnet, for example, is a very special case because it was targeting an air gapped system. It needed to do its job on the SCADA. But in this case, and in future potential cyber-conflicts, the actors don't actually need to compromise the ICS devices themselves, if they control the controller – which is connected to the internet," Sullivan said.
This spring, F-Secure found that the 88 variants of Havex it analyzed had contacted 146 command-and-control servers. | <urn:uuid:bc53cad2-6721-4a93-a519-03341f9b20b8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.scmagazine.com/news/cyberespionage/havex-malware-strikes-industrial-sector-via-watering-hole-attacks | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571502.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811194507-20220811224507-00073.warc.gz | en | 0.955638 | 635 | 1.8125 | 2 |
a centurion dismissed with ignominy by the emperor Galba from the service, who afterwards, A. D. 69, by exhibiting forged letters, induced the fleet at Misenum to revolt from Vitellius to Vespasian. (Tac. Hist. 3.57
.) From his influence with the fleet, Faventinus may have been one of the classiarii milites, or legion classica, whom Nero, A. D. 68, drafted from the seamen, and Galba reduced to their former station. (Suet. Galb.
12; Plut. Galb. 15
; Tac. Hist. 1.6
; D. C. 64.3 | <urn:uuid:a4aa3402-7c56-4ed9-9200-07b20955a191> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0104:entry=faventinus-claudius-bio-1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719468.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00528-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.935181 | 149 | 2.140625 | 2 |
Writing for Academic Publication: A Guide to Getting Started
Advice on writing and publishing academic reviews, abstracts, conference papers, and article. Contains numerous examples of both successful and unsuccessful writing. Includes chapters on The Book Review, Time Management, The Abstract, The Conference Presentation, The Response Article, The Research Article, Introductions, Examples, Quotations, Figures, Metalanguage, Conclusions, and Submitting Manuscripts for Publication.
Specifications of Writing for Academic Publication: A Guide to Getting Started
|Author||Frank Parker, Kathryn Louise Riley|
|Number Of Pages||155|
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Enter the code in the box below: | <urn:uuid:8e880374-3921-468d-9dd5-9bd359fbfc89> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://ergodebooks.com/writing-for-academic-publication-a-guide-to-getting-started-DADAX096446361X | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284411.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00460-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.682052 | 150 | 1.6875 | 2 |
COVID-19: Neighbours help virus-ravaged Bearskin Lake First Nation in Ontario
CA, 12 Jan 2022
With many of its residents infected with COVID-19, the remote Bearskin Lake First Nation needs help, but it's not getting what it wants from the federal government.
The First Nation is about 600 kilometres north of Thunder Bay. Nearly half of its 400 residents, including the band's chief, tested positive for COVID-19 last week.
Despite asking for military assistance from Ottawa to manage the outbreak, the community says it still has not received it.
As David Akin reports, its neighbours are now pitching in to help.
For more info, please go to https://globalnews.ca/news/8503349/bearskin-lake-first-nation-covid-outbreak-response/
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#GlobalNews #BearskinLake #COVID-19 | <urn:uuid:4cb05c82-f222-4df7-94ab-be3b0f281772> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://tv.panatimes.com/mbzmkn-covid-neighbours-help-virus-ravaged-bearskin-lake-first-nation-in-ontario | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00273.warc.gz | en | 0.920464 | 266 | 2.03125 | 2 |
If there’s one word that sums up the flavors in trading, it would have to be, “Futures Trading”. This activity is much safer than trading stocks, as the futures market. Although, trading futures can only yield a return of maybe 7 percent a year (compounded quarterly) nevertheless successful futures traders can graciously show an annual profit of well over 100% in less than 1-year (compounded quarterly). If you would like to get a piece of this pie, then it will be necessary to move from Paper trading to Robot Trading.
Who are Futures traders
Futures traders (in general) are NOT Bot-driven traders, but rather, they evaluate the underlying Futures contract they are trading. Top Futures traders (the guys who go to precisely see the contracts when they are triggered, and who make the buy/sell decisions) are highly specialized. And they have the knowledge and skills to analyze and predict what the price of the underlying future contract will be, over a very short time, such as a few minutes, an hour, or a few hours. Thisrecurringinformation feeding the Futures traders is especially important because of the large sums of money involved (in the futures market). If there is a large discrepancy between the price the Futures traders perceive and the price the broker’s choose to execute your Futures trade, then sometime shortly there will be a discrepancy between price and liquidity (more on that later). Let us discuss briefly how you can establish yourself as a reliable Futures Trader and allow others to profit on your trades.
When you opened your trading account you gave notice to the broker that you wanted to open Futures trading. Your account will show the Futures contract type and some little else that indicates the type of trade that you are taking part in. Let’s say you wanted to trade what is known as an Options Futures contract. In a trading plan that you might have created yourself, (and provided to your account) your platform would read options. So where would the Futures trader (you) draw the line, now that we have defined how you want to trade.
The process of Futures trading
As you can see, when you trade Futures, you are entering a contract with both the buyer (you now) and with the seller (the futures broker or bank). The money that goes into your account represents the money that the buyer would like to purchase a given amount of a future’s contract. If you are using Options trading you would buy an option. Your options’ price would be set by your broker as an “underlying price”. In a very few instances, the price has no intrinsic value, but it is known as a price “of “in the money”. If your transaction is in the money, it represents a very good trade; if you were off-the-beat, it represents a bad transaction. If you went from off-the-beat to on-the-beat, the price of the underlying futures contract may have gone up. If this occurred 2 paced up, it may represent a good trade, if it was one-paced down, it may represent a bad one. You can differentiate between a bull and a bear on two methods, intrinsic value and price. The intrinsic value is determined by the price of the Options contract itself, and the price is determined by the options themselves. Price is determined by time value, experience, genes nearby, and the amount of time the transaction is in the money. While experience in Options will be unknown to future traders, this is no harder than trading a stock like Harvard.
There are more places to take a loss than on money. What you do with your profits depends on Forex trading. Your trading method should encompass on-the-money and in-the-money. Why? Short Term traders should be wary of putting their futures trading on leverage. Leverage is attractive if it lowers the margin of profit that you would normally earn. Most small-time traders expose themselves to LOIs, keeping there’s, money to make more money. This should be avoided if you are a long term trader. Still, trade sparingly, and ager that the margin rate on the money is low. This way, you can make a small trade, have it fill up and be a profit, and take your earnings. When you trade Options, you would not want to expose a large percentage of your capital to a bad trade. Thus the option trade would not be a good idea. With the money that would be put into an Options trade, this would be the time that a “gut feeling” might come into play. This is known as an educated gut feeling. It is never an educated Forex trading decision to put your money into the market. With good advice from your forex trading mentor, this is an intelligent decision with a good outcome.
Other trading posts: | <urn:uuid:2a5a3561-b84b-425a-9af1-db24231731cc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://myexpertfinance.com/forex-trading-or-something-else/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00478.warc.gz | en | 0.962208 | 1,019 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Library of Congress
The Library of Congress is the nation’s oldest federal cultural institution and serves as the research arm of Congress. It is also the largest library in the world, with more than 130 million items on approximately 530 miles of bookshelves. The collections include more than 29 million books and other printed materials, 2.7 million recordings, 12 million photographs, 4.8 million maps, and 58 million manuscripts.
National Museum of Women in the Arts
The National Museum of Women in the Arts is the only museum in the world dedicated exclusively to recognizing the contributions of women artists.
Sewall Belmont House
The Sewall-Belmont House and Museum celebrates women’s progress toward equality and their continuing contributions to our society. Through educational programs, tours, exhibits, research and publications, the museum is committed to preserving the legacy of the historic National Woman’s Party — the campaign for women’s equal rights – and bringing this history to life for future generations.
A collection of Asian-inspired teahouses that infuse the cultures of tea and the ideals of teaism with the informality and casualness of America. | <urn:uuid:763e326d-9b87-4211-9293-69799f39bba3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://wnba-dc.org/dc-area-links/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00476.warc.gz | en | 0.930222 | 239 | 2.890625 | 3 |
Down by the Bay has been a favorite American melody for decades. Now children can enjoy playful illustrations as they sing-along to new lyrics, as well as the classic ones. This book includes sheet music for the song and a sing-along audiobook that adds to the musical learning fun.Book Features:- Old and new lyrics to the song and beautiful illustrations- Sing-along music sheet- 32 pages- Easy-to-...
Grade Level: 3 - 4
Series: American Favorites
Paperback: 32 pages
Publisher: Soundprint; Pap/Dwn edition (October 1, 2011)
Product Dimensions: 10.6 x 8.6 x 0.1 inches
Amazon Rank: 5014889
Format: PDF ePub Text TXT fb2 ebook
Also, when they're young, ferrets are carried around by their mothers by grabbing the back of their necks gently with their teeth. Each cover of a true book enfolds the concentrated essence of a man. There's no manifesto, just a committment to creativity, diversity, and originality. Was the book interesting. Puthiyavan UdayakumarPuthiyavan Udayakumar has more than five years' IT experience of expertise in Citrix®, VMware, and Microsoft products. ebook Down By The Bay - A Smithsonian American Favorites Book (With Easy-To-Download, Sing-Along Audiobook And Sheet Music) Pdf
. While reading this book I was fully inspired to become more aware of God's presence in my life. , State University of New York, Genesco"Friesen is particularly qualified as a Thoreau scholar, for his personal interests extend well beyond literature to include natural history, a subject very much at the centre of Thoreau's writings. Nathan Bomey is an award-winning business reporter for USA Today and the author of Detroit Resurrected: To Bankruptcy and Back. In this book, Earl Fitz demonstrates that, in turn, poststructuralism offers important and revealing insights into all aspects of Lispector's writing, including her style, sense of structure, characters, themes, and socio-political conscience. Although it’s written for children, anyone (young or old) can benefit from its wisdom. The stories of others are inspiring, but I warn you, this book will challenge you, it will force you as our Father in Heaven will, to step out into the unknown, or ignore it and return to mediocrity. I’ve really enjoyed the overall atmosphere or the book and the “lessons” in life underneath it. Sweet one moment, gritty and thrilling the next, I was ducking for cover as the sparks tension and bullets were flying. I highly reccomend this book for all History Bookselves. Join the fun in this darling fourteen page, paperback, pop-up book about an "Easter Egg Hunt".
- Sue Cornelison pdf
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Lots of fun variations. Love it!...
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sical audiobook and printable activities- Appropriate for ages 3-9- Paperback dimensions: 8 1/2 x 11 inches | <urn:uuid:ba2044f6-7e48-405f-a50b-6fb8f65478ac> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://evangelizer.duckdns.org/page/down-by-the-bay-a-smithsonian-american-favorites-book-with-easy-to-download-sing-along-audiobook-and-sheet-music | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00079.warc.gz | en | 0.89634 | 841 | 2.0625 | 2 |
School: PS 47 John Randolph, Bronx, NY
Teacher: Ms. Carmona, 3rd - 5th Grade Teacher
Project: Help give students a safe learning environment that recognizes social distancing with seat storage sacks, caddies, and book totes.
Ms. Carmona teaches students with a Special Needs. The children range from ADD, ADHD to Autistism, ED (Emotionally Disturbed) and Learning Disabled. Every day is a new beginning for her when it comes to teaching her "shining stars". They're amazingly curious and full of wonder. This world is a strange place and these little darlings are just beginning to find their place in it. Some of them are on medication to control their impulsive behavior and outbursts. All of them hold the keys to Ms. Carmona's heart. One of her challenges is to reorganize and redirect their energy. It's difficult enough in the classroom; now, with this hybrid/ blended learning, style, they're struggling more than ever.
Space, is the key word these days. As the new school year starts, the goal is to keep the children safe and healthy while continuing their education. One of the best ways to do that is to keep Social Distancing Protocol in place. Giving each child their own book baggie and tabletop container will help stop the spread of germs and movement in the classroom. Each student will have what they need at their immediate reach. The containers and chairback bookbags will create an individualized learning environment for each child. The Teacher caddy and magnetic bins will allow Ms. Carmona to be mobile and organized on the go.
After fully funding the project, Ms. Carmona wrote back to us saying,
I'd like to express my sincere thanks for your generosity. This is all so New and so Challenging. I aim to provide an atmosphere of safety and security for my students and you have just set the tone for them. Your donation has provided individuality that will allow a consistent work flow, without making them feel estranged I'm eternally grateful. I wish you Safety, Health and Abundant blessings.
If you would like to support a classroom near you, visit www.donorschoose.org | <urn:uuid:bfd0f04f-9428-44bb-ae4c-14dd3139e8fb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://direct.empirecovers.com/blog/month/2020-9 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00269.warc.gz | en | 0.960031 | 475 | 2.015625 | 2 |
What speaks to us, seemingly, is always the big event, the untoward, the extra-ordinary: the front-page splash, the banner headlines. Railway trains only begin to exist when they are derailed, and the more passengers that are killed, the more the trains exist.
I do agree with George Perec to a great degree. We have been condition to live in a fast pace society that we have been desensitised to the mundane. Tabloid news, rumours, tragedy are the fastest news media consumed today. We don’t pay attention to that one specific plane in the sky flying over our head now, unless Iran accidentally strikes it down. This also leads back to the age old philosophical thought: “If a tree falls in a forest and no one is around to hear it, does it make a sound?”
My answer to that, no, and that’s where I fail. I agree that we have to keep questioning. Only with questioning, we will be able to understand more perspective. By understanding more perspective we are better able to empathise with our user. What is their pain point? How can we better improve their experience. This article made me realise how blind I am of my users. Observation is powerful, and it is necessary. | <urn:uuid:79f622cf-75fa-417f-b021-cd4ef01ade79> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://oss.adm.ntu.edu.sg/xtan060/the-infra-ordinary/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00277.warc.gz | en | 0.957203 | 265 | 1.6875 | 2 |
Quebec Selected Immigration Class is the third class of people that qualifies for immigration to Canada.
Under this class anyone who is skilled worker or professional and intends to reside in Montreal or another city in the Province of Quebec can apply. The selection for those applicants is based upon a different criteria than applicants who wish to settle somewhere else in Canada. The Quebec Immigration system is designed to indicate the possibilities and likelihood for someone to succeed in Quebec.
After the selection is done, those that are successful are issued a Quebec Selection Certificate and then they can proceed to get their visa for Canada.
In order to qualify for this certificate, applicants must score enough points under the Quebec selection system. A single applicant must score at least 60 points and an applicant accompanied by another member of his family must score at least 68 points. Below is summarized selection criteria for Quebec Immigration selection system.
-Education: up to 19 points
-Employment: up to 15 points and the minimum requirement is 8 points
-Work Experience: up to 10 points and the minimum requirement is 1 point
-Age: up to 10 points
-Language Proficiency: up to 24 points
-Visits In and Ties with Quebec: up to 9 points
-Spouse’s Characteristics: up to 17 points
-Presence of Accompanying Children: up to 8 points
-Financial Autonomy: 1 point and this is the minimum requirement
-Adaptivity: up to 10 points
You can see that for the financial autonomy you get only 1 point and at the same time the minimum you have to score is 1 point. This means that if you are not financially autonomous, you can not apply under this class. Inside My Immigration Consultant, you can find the details about the minimum requirements for the financial autonomy. You also have access to the pointing system for all the abovementioned criteria.
All applicants must successfully complete and pass medical and security examinations that are conducted by the Canadian Government. The applicants under this class are not assessed based upon the selection factors of the Federal Skilled Workers Class as the Canadian authorities acknowledge the selection of the applicants who meet the Quebec Immigration selection criteria. However as I have described above the applicants must first be issued Quebec Selection Certificate.
After that they have to make application to Citizenship and Immigration Canada for permanent residence. CIC then will assess your application based on the Canadian immigration regulations.
Once more I specify that the Quebec skilled workers are not assessed on the six selection criteria factors described in my previous articles. It is advisable that before submitting your application to Quebec Province authority, you visit the Quebec Immigration website because the selection criteria may change at anytime.
Inside My Immigration Consultant, you have direct access to that website and you can check for possible changes at anytime.
The applicants under this class are mostly people with knowledge in the French language because the more widely spoken language in the Province of Quebec is the French.
If you want to find more information and be instructed step-by-step in order to immigrate to the Province of Quebec, get My Immigration Consultant and start the procedure immediately. | <urn:uuid:eb9d6349-b569-4b25-9a64-9ff45f575bfe> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lawregulation.net/immigration/immigrate-to-canada-part-7-how-to-do-it-alone-quebec-selected-immigration.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00070.warc.gz | en | 0.953254 | 630 | 1.851563 | 2 |
The gross to net salary in Germany is one of the biggest misconceptions that you will ever get in this country. In a whole lot of countries, when negotiations are made, they focus on net monthly income. Whilst in Germany is the complete opposite.
Get used to Gross annual salary
When you negotiate you should get used to the gross annual salary as it is usually the only offer that you will be provided. Before you actually make a request or even go into an interview, have this number in mind
The net varies mainly because of you
The key most important variables that matter in your net income are:
- Your gross (obviously)
- Your current tax class
- How many children you have
- Your religion
- Your age
- Your insurance premium
- The state that you will be working in
Understanding your net after taxes salary with all these variables is complex. There are plenty of calculators out there. I would recommend this.
Your tax class makes a difference
For most of the cases if you are not married, or not living with your partner, you would be tax class 1 – which is generally the tax class that is taxed the most.
When you are married and living with your partner you can be two choices.
- Tax class 3 for you (if you are the one that get paid a lot) and Tax class 5 for your partner if your partner does not make much
- Tax class 4 for both where both people are working comparable salaries.
The gross to net salary in Germany varies immensely and is closely correlated to the tax class. | <urn:uuid:f6c32c85-136a-44e9-a5bd-fa0fad0fffba> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.germanimmigration.eu/gross-to-net-salary-germany/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00468.warc.gz | en | 0.965075 | 322 | 2.015625 | 2 |
In August, Alice Orrichio said she received notice from PennEast Pipeline Co. LLC proposing a 30-inch pipeline near her property. Since then, she hasn’t heard anything from company representatives.
“A lot of people aren’t aware,” the Holland Township resident said. “They still don’t know about the pipeline coming in.”
Orrichio said that she and others concerned about the project have been knocking on doors to let residents know about the pipeline and a meeting with company representatives 7 p.m. Wednesday at Whispering Pines, 971 Route 519 in Holland Township.
The proposed $1 billion 100-mile pipeline would cross four counties in Pennsylvania, including Northampton County, before crossing under the Delaware River and through Hunterdon County before stopping in Hopewell in Mercer County.
Those who oppose the pipeline say it’s not a parochial issue, but a larger one that would affect an entire region.
Environmental advocates are critical of the pipeline project because it would cut a 100-foot wide right-of-way through more than 100 miles and at least 1,200 acres across the Delaware River watershed, including the river itself, wetlands, forests and public and private property.
Orrichio said the project could disturb ancient Native American burial grounds in the area as well as osprey nests and other historical sites.
During an informational meeting in Lambertville last month about the approval process, NJ Sierra Club Director Jeff Tittel said there are eight pipelines being proposed in New Jersey, which has been relatively pipeline-free until recently. He said companies are able to pay less money to acquire rights of way on preserved land.
New Jersey had been second in the nation in solar energy production, but that ranking has tanked since the state has “become awash in natural gas,” he said.
Kate Millsaps, the Sierra Club’s conservation program coordinator, said at the Lambertville meeting that PennEast has not yet submitted its application to the Federal Energy Regulation Commission, which will ultimately decide the pipeline’s fate. She said she expects that would happen in November.
“We haven’t seen the route,” she said. “We don’t know what they are going to do.”
The pipeline company is hoping construction would begin by 2017, and it’s likely PennEast has a preferred route and two alternate routes, according to Millsaps.
Orrichio thinks her property could be near one of those alternative routes and that could be why pipeline company representatives have not followed up.
The gas that the pipeline would carry, which is produced through hydraulic fracturing or fracking, wouldn’t even be for New Jersey, but for New York or Europe, Tittel said. Fracking is the controversial process of breaking up shale to free trapped natural gas by pumping large amounts of water, sand and chemicals underground.
Maya van Rossum, with the Delaware Riverkeeper Network, said fracking shouldn’t be part of the area’s future energy needs because sustainable energy options such as solar power are available today.
“We don’t need shale gas development,” she said. “The pipeline is designed to service shale gas development.”
Property owners have a right to deny surveyors access to their property and may send pipeline company representatives a form using certified mail, according to anti-pipeline organizers. The form is available on the group’s website.
Information about the proposal is available at facebook.com/stopthepenneastpipeline, penneastpipeline.com and ferc.gov.
Residents may also petition the Delaware River Basin Commission to exercise jurisdiction over the PennEast Pipeline Project. The petition is located at | <urn:uuid:de503640-9d54-4eaa-a499-f8cae018a3db> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://aboutdatajournalism.org/hunterdon-county-residents-organize-community-meeting-on-penneast-pipeline-lehighvalleylive-com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00667.warc.gz | en | 0.95951 | 792 | 2.015625 | 2 |
We've run into a bit of controversy in the COBOL drafting committee on the best way to handle IEEE floating-point formats (particularly the decimal formats) and arithmetic. |
One camp wants the implementor to be free to specify any details of an intermediate format he wants for arithmetic operands and results (at the level of the operation), so long as the results are exactly the same as what IEEE 754 floats would prouce, and so long as the fullly-defined and not-quite-so-fully-defined USER descriptions of data items conform in the sense that their values are identical. This applies to binary arithmetic and to decimal arithmetic; the results in the former case are AS IF the results were in binary128 format, and in the latter AS IF the results were in decimal128 with the encoding choice specified for the imlementor for the intermediae result format, and for the not-quite-so-rigorously-defined data items to match as well.
Another camp feels, given the fairly-rigorous definition of the IEEE formats, it is more in keeping with the direction given the COBOL committee to require that the intermediate format SHALL BE as specified in IEEE 754 (for binary128 when "binary arithmetic" is specified, and for decimal128 with either the decimal or binary arithmetic when "decimal arithmetic" is specified. The implementor gets to specify which encoding is used for the intermediate results, and whatever encoding he chooses there is also used for the not-quite-so-fully-defined USER descriptions of decimal floating-point data items, but in all cases the standard would specify rigorously that an IEEE format is used for the intermediate item, and the implementor would only be free to specify which of the two encodings were used there as well aso for the two "general" FLOAT-DECIMAL formats.
For the "fully-defined" formats, the specifications are exactly those of binary32, binary64, binary128, decimal64 with decimal encoding, decimal128 with decimal encoding, decimal64 with binary encoding, and decimal128 with binary encoding in both camps.
The two other formats -- in COBOL terms, FLOAT-DECIMAL-16 and FLOAT-DECIMAL-34 -- are required to behave AS IF they were IEEE decimal floats with the encoding chosen by the implementor by the first camp, and as if they WERE THE SAME AS decimal64 and decimal128 respecively, with the implementor free to choose only the encoding (for the binary encodings, making them identical to FLOAT-DECIMAL-16-B and FLOAT-DECIMAL-34-B respectively, and for the decimal encodings to FLOAT-DECIMAL-16-D and FLOAT-DECIMAL-34-D respectively).
The big difference here is for the "standard-decimal intermediate data item" and for the "not-qute-so-fully-defined" formats, which applies to the decimal floats only. The first camp wants them to be "whatever the implementor wants, so long as the results are the same as what they'd get with decimal128 with an encoding matching the implementor's choice; the second camp would require them to be IEEE formats, with the choices limited to the decimal or the binary encoding.
I'm pretty firmly in the second, "rigorous alignment with IEEE 754", camp, on the grounds that it's more fully specified, and more consistent with what I recall the direction of WG4 to be when we started the project. But I'd like to get input from the IEEE community on this. I'm also not a big fan of introducing major implementor-defined characteristics in an enhancement that was driven by a wish to add rigorousness to the specification in the area of COBOL arithmetic.
Some features of the latest proposal that may not have been made clear since last I posted on the subject:
1) There is only one option for decimal arithmetic.
2) The implementor specifies the encoding he uses for the intermediate results in decimal arithmetic.
3) Data declaration constructs are provided explicltly to cover the seven supported "rigorous" binary and decimal floating-point formats items (three binary, two decimal with decimal encoding, and two binary with bnary encoding) regardless of the mode of arithmetic.
4) Two "partially-defined" data declaration constructs provide that the encodings for them match the encoding used for intermediate results in the implementation.
What do you think? In other words, give me a solid reason to believe rigorous conformance to the IEEE formats for COBOL's arithmetic operations is not a good idea.
PS: Typing is a bit of a chore with my arm in a tight sling. I'll do what I can, but response may not be as prompt as I would like. | <urn:uuid:3c03c88e-957c-4a1d-9754-d2f4b0359011> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/754/email/msg04152.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280128.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00393-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.913013 | 1,018 | 1.898438 | 2 |
- Peter JohnPeter JohnHead of the School of Politics and Economics and Professor of Public Policy, King’s College London
This chapter highlights the challenges presented by international politics. Much of what happens in British politics occurs because of Britain's relationship to the international stage. Relationships to other states, international bodies, and the international economy need to be managed by the UK's political leaders and foreign and defence bureaucracies, to manage how to deploy Britain's voice in international matters. Then there is the delegation of powers to international organizations and the making of treaties. The chapter specifically examines foreign policy and focuses on how functions are delegated to international organizations. It tells the story of the European Union (EU) as one of the most important international delegations culminating in the story of Brexit. This leads to a discussion of the UK's defence and security role. One key theme of the chapter is how success and failure in international politics feed back into domestic politics. | <urn:uuid:4d713028-3256-44af-a29e-70fe01edc2af> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.oxfordpoliticstrove.com/abstract/10.1093/hepl/9780198840626.001.0001/hepl-9780198840626-chapter-10?rskey=iTxlV6&result=6 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00070.warc.gz | en | 0.920752 | 192 | 2.9375 | 3 |
Born from an concept in 1962, the program brings recognition to highschool college students in 15 completely different fields of research. Most bills that education stakeholders viewed as antagonistic to the teaching profession didn’t get traction but lawmakers set the bar excessive to enhance reading and added funding to increase full-day kindergarten applications. In certainly one of his first major strikes as CEO, Pedro Martinez is proposing the college district drop part of the current system that awards 30% of the seats at these schools strictly based on a student’s seventh grade marks and check scores. Most Alabama K-12 faculty districts have now dropped mask requirements. The Pitt School of Education was ranked No. 23 within the country and No. 1 in Pennsylvania among public education colleges in U.S.
Jump to updates, alternatives, and sources for NEA state and native affiliates. Your passion and dedication are essential to helping all students—of all colors and backgrounds—learn, grow, and fulfill their potential. The finest videos from YouTube on your classroom overlaying math, science, music & more.
During the May 2021 School of Education pre-commencement ceremony, six college students have been acknowledged for their excellent contributions to the School. In late August, the School of Education celebrated the opening of the fall 2021 semester with school and workers gathering on the White House Jesuit Retreat Center. Browning is a nice defender (he will finish his career among FMU’s all-time leader in steals, too), but what sets him apart are his offensive abilities.
Dozens of students, parents and academics at Columbus Elementary School in Ukrainian Village waved flags and hoisted indicators in help for the Ukrainian neighborhood in an after-school rally Thursday. St. Tammany Parish public colleges will no longer require quarantining for students or workers who have come into shut contact with somebody who has examined positive for COVID-19. After two years of holding highschool graduations on native campuses, St. Tammany Parish public faculties once again will hold graduation at Southeastern Louisiana University, Superintendent Frank Jabbia told the School Board on March 17. The positivity fee amongst NOLA public schools has remained beneath 1% for the last two weeks, officers said.
The complete amount of student loan debt in the united states stands at $1.75 trillion. ABC News’ Robin Roberts is in Philadelphia as “GMA” prepares to honor a teacher at Benjamin B. Comegys school, with slightly assist from “Abbot Elementary” star and creator Quinta Brunson. Harvey J. Graff describes how, as a retired professor, he’s continued to teach and be taught in a range of boards beyond the formal classroom and the university—and encourages others to consider Education News it, too. March 6, 2022 • An Indian medical pupil in Sumy says she and classmates had to make use of snow for consuming water while they await hopeful evacuation to flee the Russian invasion of Ukraine. March 12, 2022 • The case has been intently watched as courts proceed to evaluate the role that racial concerns can play when deciding who ought to be admitted to a specific school.
Here is how slightly lady from Texas with a big concept is donating her time and effort to get important faculty provides to students in want. School superintendent says he believes students’ rights have been violated. “GMA” shines a light on Black girls and college debt as two studies present that Black students carry $25,000 more debt than their white friends on average. | <urn:uuid:112665a8-d977-4a01-9016-d20870a7acdc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://therubyartsagency.com/news-updates.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00669.warc.gz | en | 0.96247 | 717 | 1.5 | 2 |
Some jargon and a triumph of capitalism
Jargon can be obscurantist at times but can also be useful. Most trades and occupations have their own jargon as a quick means of communication. I have been involved with quite a few trades and occupations in my life so am pretty jargon-loaded. I try to keep it within its own context, however.
An example of jargon occurred recently when I saw a carpenter about to throw out something that had some bolts and nuts in it. I checked that he really was throwing the nut out and he said he was. I then unscrewed the nut, took one second's look at it and said: "That's a three eight whitworth". In reply he agreed that the nut was worth keeping.
So what had I said? What had my bit of jargon conveyed? To answer that fully you need to know about Joe Whitworth. Whitworth was an engineer in mid-19th century Britain. One of the things he did was make bolts and nuts (he made a good sniper rifle too). And his bolts and nuts were very good. People found them to be stronger and more accurate. So after a while people wanted to buy Whitworth bolts and nuts only. So all makers of bolts and nuts had to convert to "Whitworth standard" if they wanted to stay in the business. And they did. No government devised the Whitworth standard and no government made people use it but the standard became fixed and a fixed standard was found very useful. And until other nations caught on it gave British machine-makers an advantage. The French were amazed at how quickly Britain could build gunboats for the Crimean war, for instance.
And America caught on too. The American "National Coarse" standard is only a slightly modified version of the Whitworth specifications. You can usually use NC and Whitworth bolts and nuts interchangeably (Yes. I know about the pesky half-inch size).
But then it gets even more interesting. Because a Whitworth thread is coarse it is very strong but it is also a bit wobbly for some precision purposes. So a fine thread was also needed. Alas! Mr Whitworth did not bother with that. So it fell to others to devise fine threads. And by that time the clammy hand of government was felt. Governments took it upon themselves to set the standards. And in true government form they messed it up. The British fine standard (BSF) and the American fine standard (SAE) are quite different. No interchangeability any more. A big part of the advantage of standardizion was lost.
So, to get back to my original story, I was telling the tradesman that the thread in the nut was coarse (Whitworth standard) and that the diameter of the bolt taken by the nut was three eighths of an inch. I could tell that measurement by eye, as most people in the engineering trades could. | <urn:uuid:9415347e-19f9-45fa-9d39-e32c943b8dfd> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://awesternheart.blogspot.com/2014/07/some-jargon-and-triumph-of-capitalism.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279650.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00433-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.987602 | 596 | 2.3125 | 2 |
Two 105 millimeter howitzer cannons are lowered from an Army Load Handling System (LHS) transport vehicle in Harrodsburg, KY. on July 13, 2013. The cannons, provided by Lexington, KY’s 138th Fires Brigade, will serve to honor fallen veterans when the American Veterans’ Traveling Tribute Wall comes to Harrodsburg’s Anderson-Dean Park from Aug. 29 to Sept. 2, 2013. (Photo by U.S. Army Sgt. Paul Evans)
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HARRODSBURG, KY, US
This work, Harrodsburg prepares to honor fallen Veterans in a big way [Image 1 of 4], by SGT Paul Evans, identified by DVIDS, is free of known copyright restrictions under U.S. copyright law. | <urn:uuid:5a1d1112-87f5-4fc9-9026-d6e9b16db8b8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.dvidshub.net/image/976091/harrodsburg-prepares-honor-fallen-veterans-big-way | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279368.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00319-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.786977 | 172 | 1.601563 | 2 |
By setting effective goals, which are usually simple, clear, and time-based, you are essentially setting yourself up for success. Goals that have these qualities are more likely to be achieved. Simple goals are those that improve the most important areas of your life rather than every single detail, which allows you to stay focused on your key priorities. Clear, time-based goals define exactly what you want to achieve and the deadline for achieving them. This course, second in a series of courses on intermediate-level time management, will teach you effective goal-setting. Specifically, you will learn why it is important to visualize your goals, techniques for simplifying them, and how to use Todoist to manage them. Learning objectives: – Learn about one common mistake that people make when they are creating goals – Learn how to prevent this mistake and create goals that you are likely to achieve – Learn the benefit of visualizing your goals – Understand the importance of simplifying your goals – Learn how to simplify your goals – Learn how to handle having too many goals – Learn one system that you can use to manage your goals on apps like Evernote and Todoist
Most frequent questions and answers
Co-operative education is a three-way partnership between the university, students and employers. Students apply their classroom knowledge in a series of four-month work experiences. You, the employer, enhance a student’s education, while reaping the unique benefits of CO-OP employees.
- Year-round access to well-motivated, qualified employees.
- Access to potential full-time staff in a controlled environment, reducing your costs and risks.
- Access to a cost-effective source of temporary employees for peak periods or special projects.
- A say in what students learn by working with the university.
- Promotion of your organization as one that believes in developing the potential of young people.
- Access to a great pool of French-speaking, English-speaking and bilingual students.
Most work terms run at least 15 weeks, or four months. They can be no shorter than 13 weeks. Some master’s students, as well as some science and engineering students, are available for 8 or 12 months’ work terms.
All jobs are reviewed by a CO-OP Program Coordinator, and only those providing students with work experience related to their professional development are approved. Administrative activities involved in a job should be less than 10% of the entire workload.
When you first contact SSC, you are assigned one of our Program Coordinators, depending on your discipline of interest. This person is your main contact in our office. As you move through the recruitment process, you also work with a representative from CO-OP Administrative Services, who assists with job posting and interview scheduling. | <urn:uuid:8855b23e-ebb2-43ca-94c2-72e9c1b3d057> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.workforcewarriors.ca/course/goal-setting-intermediate/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.958403 | 566 | 3.515625 | 4 |
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Precursor Orbital Arches
In Cryptum, Greg Bear described the exotic world of Charum Hakkor, a place once dominated by the Precursors, but since occupied by the humans and San 'Shyuum from the human-San 'Shyuum Alliance. There they lived in the shadow of the ever present Precursors structures, built with an advanced technology that rendered them near-indestructible to all but one kind of destructive technology, that of the Forerunner's Halo Array.
The book heavily implies that these structures stretched from the surface of the planet up into orbit, massive shapes that eclipsed the human and San 'Shyuum structures built on and around them. Bornstellar describes the lesser structures as similar to "ivy growing on great trees", giving an impression of their strong visual presence.
Depict the human and San 'Shyuum structures built onto the orbital arches.
- - -
Can't wait to see what everyone comes up with! Remember you have two weeks to submit your entries. | <urn:uuid:3b8dc9fa-4f6e-4fd2-a4ef-a2fd871ea019> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://carnage.bungie.org/haloforum/halo.forum.pl?read=1176625 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279489.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00008-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.919842 | 252 | 1.945313 | 2 |
The primary purpose of the proposed research is to investigate the long-term effects of the Communities That Care (CTC) prevention system on young adult substance use and misuse;crime, violence, and incarceration 11 and 13 years following CTC's initial installation in a randomized trial. Long-term effects of CTC will be examined also on secondary outcomes salient in young adulthood, including HIV/AIDS sexual risk behaviors;sexually transmitted infections (STIs);depression;and educational attainment. This study will be one of the first to examine the long-term effects of a community prevention system and will investigate important moderating mechanisms, including exposure to CTC and universality of CTC effects across risk- related and demographic subgroups, including Latino/a young adults.
A second aim of the study is to examine the transition to adulthood among youth from small and rural towns by examining patterns in the adoption of adult roles and their associations with substance misuse and other young adult outcomes. Small communities face the unique challenge that many of their most promising young adults move away and do not contribute to the health and future of the community. Those young adults who stay may be at higher risk for many health- risking behaviors. Yet services for prevention, health care, and treatment are less available and less accessible in small and rural towns.
The aims of the study will be accomplished through a 4-year continuation of the Community Youth Development Study (CYDS;PI: Hawkins, #5R01DA15183-8), a randomized trial of CTC in 24 communities across 7 states that assessed the sustainability and effects of CTC 6 to 10 years following its initial installation during the 5-year implementation phase and after technical assistance and study-provided funding ended. A panel of 5th graders (n=4407) in these communities has been surveyed annually through 12th grade. The continuation study will follow this panel into young adulthood;collecting two more waves of data at ages 21 and 23. If the study shows that CTC produces enduring improvements in outcomes that last into young adulthood, it will demonstrate CTC's lasting contribution to long-term individual and public health, which could further increase its established cost-benefit. The proposed study also has the potential to increase knowledge about the transition to adulthood and associated health-risking behaviors among youth from small towns, an understudied and underserved population. CTC could be an important tool for small and rural communities in preparing those young adults who remain in the community after high school to become productive and contributing citizens.
The proposed study will be among the first to investigate the possible long-term effects of a universal community prevention system focused on preventing smoking, alcohol use, drug misuse, crime, and violence. The study will assess the long-term effects of the Communities That Care (CTC) prevention planning system on these behaviors in young adulthood and also examine the extent to which the effects of CTC broaden to other outcomes salient in the transition to adulthood, including HIV/AIDS risky sexual behavior, sexually transmitted infections, depression, and educational attainment. If CTC can move a community's youth onto healthier life trajectories that are maintained into adulthood, CTC would greatly contribute to improved long-term individual and public health and further increase its established cost- benefit.
|Kim, B K Elizabeth; Gloppen, Kari M; Rhew, Isaac C et al. (2015) Effects of the communities that care prevention system on youth reports of protective factors. Prev Sci 16:652-62|
|Shapiro, Valerie B; Oesterle, Sabrina; Hawkins, J David (2015) Relating coalition capacity to the adoption of science-based prevention in communities: evidence from a randomized trial of Communities That Care. Am J Community Psychol 55:12-Jan|
|Van Horn, M Lee; Fagan, Abigail A; Hawkins, J David et al. (2014) Effects of the Communities That Care system on cross-sectional profiles of adolescent substance use and delinquency. Am J Prev Med 47:188-97|
|Hawkins, J David; Oesterle, Sabrina; Brown, Eric C et al. (2014) Youth problem behaviors 8 years after implementing the communities that care prevention system: a community-randomized trial. JAMA Pediatr 168:122-9|
|Brown, Eric C; Hawkins, J David; Rhew, Isaac C et al. (2014) Prevention system mediation of communities that care effects on youth outcomes. Prev Sci 15:623-32|
|Monahan, Kathryn C; Rhew, Isaac C; Hawkins, J David et al. (2014) Adolescent Pathways to Co-Occurring Problem Behavior: The Effects of Peer Delinquency and Peer Substance Use. J Res Adolesc 24:630-645|
|Oesterle, Sabrina; Hawkins, J David; Fagan, Abigail A et al. (2014) Variation in the sustained effects of the communities that care prevention system on adolescent smoking, delinquency, and violence. Prev Sci 15:138-45|
|Lamont, Andrea E; Van Horn, M Lee; Hawkins, J David (2014) Context-dependent pathways of the transmission of risk from communities to individuals. Am J Community Psychol 54:384-96|
|Haggerty, Kevin P; Shapiro, Valerie B (2013) Science-based prevention through communities that care: a model of social work practice for public health. Soc Work Public Health 28:349-65|
|Shapiro, Valerie B; Hawkins, J David; Oesterle, Sabrina et al. (2013) Variation in the Effect of Communities That Care on Community Adoption of a Scientific Approach to Prevention. J Soc Social Work Res 4:|
Showing the most recent 10 out of 31 publications | <urn:uuid:053c62d0-a972-4f10-b061-31f545cf7279> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://grantome.com/grant/NIH/R01-DA015183-11A1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721405.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00313-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.906118 | 1,201 | 2.21875 | 2 |
- January 11, 2019
- Posted by: Sage Shield Safety Consultants
- Category: Overseas Occupational Health And Safety News
It’s prime time for hunter’s safety courses, which is a requirement for any sportsman looking to head afield throughout the Wyoming 2019 searching season.
Recently, the Wyoming Video Game and Fish Department announced they would begin accepting huge game applications for the upcoming searching season, offering broad and desirable opportunities for homeowner and non-resident hunters to enter the famous Wyoming wilderness searching for video game.
But before suiting up, getting that rifle, or setting that alarm clock for an ungodly hour, keep in mind that Wyoming requires any and all hunters born after Jan. 1, 1966, to have a hunter’s security certification.
“If you’re a brand-new hunter, now is an excellent time to take a hunter education course,” George Oberstadt, game and fish hunter education planner, stated in a statement. “Taking a class early offers you time before hunting season to practice with your firearm or bow and find out more skills prior to your very first hunt.”
Courses can be taken in person or aspiring hunters might enroll in an online class, an excellent alternative for those who can’t make it to a regular course or wish to work at their own speed, according the WGFD.
Online courses still require trainees to participate in a field day prior to making their hunter education certification.
“The major function of hunter education is to promote safe and ethical hunting while teaching skills that will avoid searching and firearm-related mishaps,” Oberstadt continued.
“The course boosts knowledge about the custom of hunting and focuses on searching obligations.”
There is no age minimum for taking a hunter’s security course in the state, however residents must be mindful that most of the product is composed at a fourth-grade reading level.
There are exceptions to the Jan. 1, 1966 rule. Certified military or law enforcement members may apply through a game and fish office for a Wyoming hunter coach program to consider if an aspiring hunter does not yet want to enlist in hunter’s security, which allows anyone to take wildlife while accompanied by a coach who has actually effectively completed a hunter’s security course.
Wyoming does accept certifications from other states, but proof is required to be on their person and accessible in the field. | <urn:uuid:0aac45d5-ab62-472e-86a6-5d4dbf4599fc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sageshield.com/do-not-forget-hunters-safety/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.937966 | 505 | 1.664063 | 2 |
Last week I wrote an article about my personal experience with going vegetarian and some of the vitamin deficiencies I experienced as a result, including low levels of B12 and Iron. And wow, what a debate it sparked between vegans and omnivores! Can’t we just all get along? Judging by the comment thread, it doesn’t appear so.
Are you some kind of idiot? A vegan/ vegetarian is WAY more healthier than the average omnivorous lifestyle. You get all the vitamins your body needs + more! Learn your facts, or better yet, educate yourself! Good luck!
To which many people responded, including Jill:
The author is FAR FROM some kind of idiot, she is just mentioning what nutrients are needed for optimal health. Vegans often take offense to this because of the mention of these nutrients found in animal products.
Good points about making sure that vegans are getting adequate nutrition. It should also be pointed out that most omnivores have far higher risks of nutritional deficiencies (many of which are the same for vegans).
And Mila wrote:
Although the article is not anti-vegetarian/vegan and the author is vegetarian, the title is totally offensive to non-meat eaters. Going vegetarian/vegan does NOT automatically mean you will be missing ANYTHING! I went vegetarian 9 years ago and my iron levels have always been super high and much higher then my red-meat-eating dad’s! FYI, most meat-eaters are deficient in B12!
The vegan controversy has been around for a while, but it seems like lately it’s been heating up more, thanks in part to organizations like PETA that make eating meat a battleground. They are famous for telling people that killing animals for their meat (or skin or fur) is cruel and unethical, and they have even gone so far as to tell us that it can make us fat (as evidenced by their “Save the Whales” billboard depicting a fat person who obviously eats meat).
To those who eat meat, going vegan can be seen as “extreme” and it can leave people asking, “What’s left to eat?” or “Why would you do that?” Some believe a diet devoid of all animal products, including meat and dairy, is simply unhealthy and could lead to malnutrition. Some even say that eating meat is natural; otherwise, why would these animals be put on the planet? (I’ve heard that one quite a bit in my days as a vegetarian.)
Others, like Paleo fans, believe that skipping the dairy and eating more meat is the way to go, as evidenced by the war that was created from a prior post when we asked, Why anyone would follow the Paleo diet? Wow, did that draw a lot of comments and controversy. Readers responded with everything from “For all of you who poo poo the Paleo diet and low carbing due to health reasons, enjoy your heart attacks” to “Why would anyone NOT follow the Paleo diet? It works!”
Nevertheless, the wars continue. Non-meat-eaters live this way due to ethical and/or health reasons, claiming that it’s simply wrong to eat animals, and/or eating meat will give you all kinds of health issues, ranging from heart disease to diabetes, to obesity to cancer. Meat eaters don’t believe that and claim that eating meat is a natural and healthy part of our diet.
So what’s the right answer? To be honest, I don’t know. What I do know is this: I am a vegetarian because it works for me–even after finding out I had low B12 and iron levels. Was that enough to make me give up my veggie diet? No. Did it mean that I didn’t thoroughly research the vegetarian diet before launching into it? Of course not. It simply means that I had to make some adjustments based on what works for my body. Everyone is different, and to assume that we all need exactly the same diet or the same level of nutrients is probably the most damaging diet assertion of all.
Likewise, we all have different beliefs and motivations for doing things. If you believe that eating meat is right and it works for your body, then that’s your choice. If you believe that it’s morally wrong and it doesn’t keep you at your healthiest, then that’s your choice too. The only time someone is wrong in their meat-eating or non-meat-eating diet is when they don’t listen to their bodies and their hearts and continue to do something that doesn’t work for them.
Let the wars continue…although I wish we’d worry about taking care of our personal health, instead. | <urn:uuid:181c45c3-0b38-43e1-8ffd-080c3da9a372> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.blisstree.com/2012/01/23/food/why-do-vegans-and-meat-eaters-hate-each-other-693/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988717783.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183837-00075-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.973204 | 1,003 | 1.875 | 2 |
Last updated on July 15, 2022
The balance wheel is the timekeeping component of a watch movement. Balance wheels in antique watches are either plain or compensated. A plain balance wheel is generally constructed of steel or brass. Typically, they have three arms acting as spokes to connect the balance staff to the circular rim.
The timing of the balance is controlled by the attached hairspring and its relative strength. A strong hairspring will cause faster vibrations. In contrast, a weak hairspring causes slower vibrations. Both the balance and the hairspring are affected by changes in the temperature. This is because metal expands as it is warmed and contracts as it cools. The elasticity of the hairspring’s metal decreases significantly as the temperature increases. The effect of this change is that a plain steel spring becomes weaker with increasing temperature. In addition, the balance itself expands as the temperature rises, this causes the rim to increase in size, moving the weight further from the centre and causing it to move more slowly.
The net effect of an increase in temperature is to cause the watch to run slowly. This can be up to several minutes a day during normal temperature conditions. It doesn’t have to be temperature changes due to the weather. Moving from the cold outdoors into a warm household could cause a significant increase in temperature. A more subtle change would be taking the watch from an overnight stand and putting it into a pocket, where it is exposed to body heat.
Watches before the 20th century used plain steel balance springs. These were highly susceptible to changes in elasticity as the temperature changed, which could disrupt the accuracy of a watch. However, watchmakers discovered a way to offset the effect. The balance was made of two strips of brass and steel fused together. Two cuts were then made in the balance’s perimeter. This allowed the balance to expand and contract. The end result was that the balance changed in size as the temperature changed, which almost exactly cancelled out the change in the elasticity of the hairspring.
First compensated balance
The very first compensated balance was developed by John Harrison in the mid-18th century, for his H4 marine chronometer. Later watchmakers, such as Thomas Earnshaw and John Arnold, gradually refined this initial design.
The key was to make the balance wheel change size with temperature. If the balance could be made to shrink in diameter as it got warmer, the smaller moment of inertia would compensate for the weakening of the hairspring. This would keep the period of oscillation constant. In order to achieve this constant, the outer rim of the balance was made using strips of two metals. An inner layer of steel was fused to an outer layer of brass. This bimetallic balance would bend toward the steel side when they are warmed because the thermal expansion of brass is greater than steel. The rim was cut open at two points next to the spokes of the wheel, so it resembled an S-shape with two circular bimetallic arms.
A temperature increase makes the arms bend inward toward the centre of the wheel. The shift of mass inward reduces the moment of inertia of the balance. This reduction in the moment of inertia compensated for the reduced torque produced by the weaker balance spring. The amount of compensation is adjusted by moveable weights on the arms. This type of compensated balance began to be used in watches in the 1870s. The bimetallic compensated balance wheel was made obsolete in the early 20th century by advances in metallurgy.
Balance wheel at Wikipedia. | <urn:uuid:beea5c76-5e56-4733-a1fc-d8e66cf58239> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.timewornwatches.co.uk/components/antique-watches-compensated-balance/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00474.warc.gz | en | 0.964023 | 721 | 3.4375 | 3 |
Global e-learning alliance launches first course on faecal sludge management
The Global faecal sludge management e-learning alliance is a platform that aims to boost the dissemination of knowledge on faecal sludge management through online learning.
Six educational institutions that are linked to the platform offer - independently - a course on Faecal sludge management (FSM). The institutions operate as an alliance to share insights, advance knowledge about sanitation and jointly tackle the challenges with greater confidence.
The six institutions are Unesco-IHE Institute for water education (The Netherlands), the Centre for environmental studies (India), the Asian institute of technology (Thailand), Bangladesh university of environmental technology (Bangladesh), the International institute for environmental engineering (Burkina Faso) and the University of KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa).
Entire faecal sludge chain
The platform's first e-learning course is dedicated to faecal sludge management. It addresses the planning and organization of the entire faecal sludge management service chain, from the collection and transport of sludge and its treatment options, to the final end-use or disposal of treated sludge.
In addition to providing fundamentals and an overview of technologies, the course deals with details of operational, institutional and financial aspects, and provides guidance on how to plan a city-level faecal sludge management project with the involvement of all the stakeholders.
The theoretical background of the course is based on the book Faecal sludge management: system approach for implementation and operation.
Real-life case studies
Furthermore, the course incorporates a number of illustrative real-life case studies, a helpful toolbox and an insight into the most recent technological innovations in the field.
The course is designed for professionals who are dealing with the planning, promotion, design, operation or management of faecal sludge for residents in urban, peri-urban, slum or rural areas in low-income countries and beyond. The course program is taught over a period of four months.
International recognized professionals
The course and the book are the result of the project Stimulating local innovation on sanitation for the urban poor in Sub-Saharan Africa and South East Asia, which is funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
The FSM book has been prepared jointly by Eawag (Switzerland) and Unesco-IHE and includes contributions by a number of internationally recognized faecal sludge management and sanitation professionals.
The institutions delivering the course have developed most of the practical case studies, while the toolbox and technological innovations originate largely from the grants provided by the Bill & Melinda Gates foundation’s Water, sanitation & hygiene program.
The online FSM-course offered by Unesco-IHE starts on 6 January 2016. Application deadline is 21 December 2015.
This news item was originally published on the website of Unesco-IHE.
Delft, the Netherlands
+31 15 212 29 21 | <urn:uuid:ed03bc30-9484-4a66-87b7-670b4931d0e1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.dutchwatersector.com/news/global-e-learning-alliance-launches-first-course-on-faecal-sludge-management | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00073.warc.gz | en | 0.899944 | 641 | 2.625 | 3 |
This is the first article I have written about how to paint windows 10. I use Paint in Windows 10 quite frequently, and I find it easy and fast to do almost anything you can imagine in this program. So, if you are using this software, here is how you can paint and draw in Windows 10.
We all love Microsoft’s latest operating system – Windows 10. It’s been years since we had a new operating system from Microsoft, and many people wonder what’s changed. Well, there’s a reason they called it “the most personal Windows yet.” It’s designed to be easy to use and to integrate with other apps and devices.
Windows 10 is now available to everyone, but some things have changed, including the way you paint. There are many great painting apps available, and this post will help you pick out which is best for you.
You have probably noticed that in the latest version of Windows 10, there is an option called Paint in Windows 10. This option allows you to create simple pictures or drawings on the desktop. There are three different ways you can use this new feature.
What is a Windows 10
Windows 10 is Microsoft’s newest operating system. It’s designed to bring together apps, data, and hardware in a way that’s intuitive and easy to use. In this article, we’ll take a look at the new Windows 10 features that make it easier for you to get more from your computer.
The Windows 10 Start menu One of the most important changes in Windows 10 is the new Start menu, which replaces the Start button. It’s the home base for all of your Windows apps and programs and where you access settings and other functions. You can get to the Start menu from any screen by pressing the Windows key (the key with the Windows logo) or clicking the Start button.
As with any OS, there are differences between Windows 10 and previous versions. But some things are different, like how you use it. If you’re looking for a way to make your Windows experience more efficient, you may want to try out the new Paint app.
Get Started With Paint in Windows 10
Windows 10 has a new app called Paint. It’s designed to replace the classic Paint app with Windows 8 and 8.1. Paint is easy to use, with a minimalist design that focuses on functionality. It has a built-in toolbox, brushes, and drawing tools that are designed to be easy to use.
If you’ve never used Paint before, you may be a little lost. Fortunately, Paint is designed to be simple, so there are no complicated settings or functions to worry about. While Paint is designed to be simple, it’s still a few features you might miss when you first start using it.
How to use Paint 3D in Windows 10
Paint 3D is a fun and intuitive paint app for Windows 10, and it is included with the operating system by default. It uses the same toolset as Paint.NET but in 3D. The app is pretty basic, and you can do many of the same things that you could in Paint.NET, such as selecting objects and filling them, applying filters, adding effects, etc.
I’ve found it to be a fun and intuitive app for creating small projects and decorations, and it’s easy to start. It has some limitations, however. For example, it doesn’t work well with transparency, it’s a bit difficult to control the brush size, and it’s only available on the PC. However, if you want to learn how to use Paint 3D, this is a great place to start.
How to paint on Windows 10
Windows 10 has finally arrived, and it comes with some cool new features. But if you’re like many people, you’re still using Windows 7 or 8.1, and you’re wondering how you can use Windows 10. The good news is that you can still use your old Paint app. To use Windows 10 Paint, you’ll need to install a small app called “Windows Ink.” You have to do a little work first.
It’s a collection of Microsoft’s drawing tools and other digital pens that let you draw on top of your photos or other images. It’s been included in Windows 10 since its release, but it was only available for the free Windows 10 Insider Preview program. Now it’s also a free download for anyone wanting to try it out.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q: How do you paint windows 10?
A: It depends on what kind of painting you want to do. You can paint with the mouse, and use brushes, pencils, and other tools. It all depends on what type of painting you want to do.
Q: Do you use the paint window?
A: Yes, you can also do your painting in the paint window.
Q: Can you draw and paint like on the computer?
A: Yes, you can even draw and paint like on the computer.
Q: Is it possible to make your art with Windows 10?
A: Yes, you can create your art with Windows 10.
Q: Can you make your backgrounds with Windows 10?
A: Yes, you can make your backgrounds with Windows 10.
Q: Can you make your themes?
A: Yes, you can make your themes.
Top Myth about Windows 10
1. You have to start painting first.
2. The first thing you must do is open Paint.
3. If you cannot paint, you should install Paint again.
Do you have a passion for art and would like to share it with others? If so, you might be interested in creating art for the web!
Windows 10 has been in development since its first preview in 2014. It’s taken Microsoft a long time to polish and perfect the operating system, but finally, Windows 10 is officially released.
For this reason, you should expect a few changes when you update to Windows 10.
There’s one big change. While you can still paint in Windows 8, it’s not supported by the same tools that Windows 10 uses. However, that may seem odd to some people. | <urn:uuid:994cfb51-797e-4f68-9eca-3dc6eab5dec1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://shavitech.com/painting-in-windows-10-how-to-paint-on-windows-10/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00270.warc.gz | en | 0.941812 | 1,327 | 2.3125 | 2 |
With more and more emphasis on Special Operations throughout the military community, there is a need to fill these positions with capable soldiers. The U.S. Army alone is calling for approximately 5,000 soldiers to volunteer for USASOC slots. Some politicians and officials in the Pentagon would like to see a previously underutilized resource play an even larger role in filling these slots: women.
Standards will not be lowered for entry into units that have Special Operations capabilities. United States Army Chief of Staff General Ray Odierno said at a soldier town hall, “The main thing I’m focused on is the standards remain the same. In order to earn that tab, you have to do all the things necessary to earn that [Ranger] tab.” A statement by the Army reiterates what General Odierno said: “Female Ranger students would be graded and evaluated under the same standards as the male Ranger students.”
A Special Operations unit that currently has women in their ranks is the 160th SOAR. To date, three female pilots have successfully qualified to fly for the regiment, and they primarily fly the MH-60. Like everyone else, these pilots had to pass Green Platoon. Green Platoon has the same set of standards for everyone, regardless of gender, including participation in SERE training.
This upcoming April, 60 females will report to Fort Benning to begin Ranger School. They will be held to the same standard as their male counterparts: 49 push ups and 59 sit ups in two minutes, 6 palms-in pull-ups, a two-mile run in less than 15:12, a five mile run in 40 minutes or less, a ruck march of 16 miles with 65 pounds of gear in under 5 hours and 20 minutes, and a 15-meter swim (with gear).
While specific roles for women in Special Operations have yet to be determined, they have proven their worth in theater as part of cultural support teams. Women from these teams have been an invaluable asset to ODAs on the ground, providing rapport building, medical outreach, and humanitarian assistance. Women from CSTs have also paid the ultimate sacrifice while serving alongside Tier-One units.
For the Army, Special Operations organizations now open to women are (according to a 27 February, 2015 directive from Secretary of the Army John McHugh):
- Army Special Operations Command
- Army National Guard Special Forces Group (Airborne) Battalions
- MISO Command Tactical Psychological Teams
- Special Forces Military Free-Fall Operations and associated additional skill identifiers, 4X for officers and W8 for enlisted soldiers.
“With the downsizing of the Army, the relevance of Special Operations has never been greater,” said Major Jason Hetzel, commander of D Company in the Special Operations Recruiting Battalion (SORB).
Lt. Gen. Charles Cleveland, commander of U.S. Army Special Operations Command, echoed that sentiment in a statement: “Serving in Special Operations is a unique calling. Regardless of what the future might bring, what problems might exist, we will always be able to deliver the nation with world-class, unequaled special warfare and surgical-strike capabilities as long as we remain true to our first principles.” | <urn:uuid:68a74e0b-5999-4678-8bdb-5dbeabb36b8f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sofrep.com/news/will-women-help-meet-special-operations-recruiting-goals/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00076.warc.gz | en | 0.95112 | 666 | 1.726563 | 2 |
The Mississippi Optometric Association has announced that they will give free eye exams for students who did not pass the third grade reading assessment and do not have insurance.
This is the fifth year for the program and the exams will be offered through July 31st. This year, with higher standards implemented by the MDE, one in four of the state’s third graders did not pass the literacy promotion test.
“We know that vision is a greater predictor of academic success than socioeconomic status. And as citizens of Mississippi we have a vested interest in making sure all of our students have the tools and the opportunity to succeed at their highest abilities,” said Dr. Amy Crigler, MOA President. “Vision is a better predictor of academic success than socioeconomic status. We are committed to identifying those students who have vision problems.”
Statistics show that 25 percent of all school-age children have vision problems and more than 80 percent do not get the help they need. Results of the MOA and MVF Third Grade Eye Exam program (aimed at students who did not pass the third-grade reading assessment) reveal that 88 percent of the students who were tested were found to be in need of some form of visual intervention.
For students who are covered through private insurance, applicable co-pays may apply due to laws that require the doctor to collect this amount. All children, regardless of their family’s ability to pay, will be seen by ODs participating in the program. The MVF, working with industry partners, will cover the costs for any student who needs an exam. Additionally, industry partners are working with Mississippi ODs to provide glasses free of charge to any student whose eye test reveals the need for corrective lenses.
To locate a participating optometrist, parents of eligible third graders should CLICK HERE or call 601.572.0845. When making the appointment, parents should tell the receptionist they are scheduling the third grade eye appointment. They should bring the letter notifying them that their child did not pass the assessment test with them to the appointment. | <urn:uuid:2723140f-d970-4583-841c-5e9ac4cccc75> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.supertalk.fm/free-eye-exams-offered-to-3rd-graders-who-failed-reading-test/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00668.warc.gz | en | 0.971376 | 427 | 1.976563 | 2 |
Career and Education Opportunities for Agricultural Engineers in Tucson, Arizona
If you want to be an agricultural engineer, the Tucson, Arizona area offers many opportunities both for education and employment. The national trend for agricultural engineers sees this job pool growing by about 12.1% over the next eight years. Agricultural engineers generally apply knowledge of engineering technology and biological science to agricultural problems concerned with power and machinery, electrification, structures, soil and water conservation, and processing of agricultural products.
Agricultural engineers earn about $38 per hour or $80,030 yearly on average in Arizona and about $33 per hour or $68,730 yearly on average nationally. Earnings for agricultural engineers are better than earnings in the general category of Engineering in Arizona and not quite as good as general Engineering category earnings nationally. People working as agricultural engineers can fill a number of jobs, such as: research leader, agricultural systems specialist, and agricultural equipment test engineer.
The Tucson area is home to twenty-one schools of higher education, including one within twenty-five miles of Tucson where you can get a degree as an agricultural engineer. The most common level of education for agricultural engineers is a Bachelor's degree. You can expect to spend about four years studying to be an agricultural engineer if you already have a high school diploma.
CAREER DESCRIPTION: Agricultural Engineer
In general, agricultural engineers apply knowledge of engineering technology and biological science to agricultural problems concerned with power and machinery, electrification, structures, soil and water conservation, and processing of agricultural products.
Agricultural engineers meet with clients such as district or regional councils, farmers, and developers, to consider their needs. They also furnish advice on water quality and issues pertaining to pollution management and ground and surface water resources. Equally important, agricultural engineers have to conduct educational programs that furnish farmers or farm cooperative members with data that can help them improve agricultural productivity. They are often called upon to ready reports and budgets for proposed sites or systems. They are expected to layout sensing and recording devices, and other instrumentation used to study plant or animal life. Finally, agricultural engineers layout and supervise environmental and land reclamation projects in agriculture and related industries.
Every day, agricultural engineers are expected to be able to think through problems and come up with general rules. They need to listen to and understand others in meetings. It is also important that they piece together evidence to, in some sense, diagnose what is going on in a situation.
Agricultural engineers sometimes are asked to layout agricultural machinery components and equipment using computer-aided layout (CAD) technology. They also have to be able to layout structures for crop storage, animal shelter and loading, and animal and crop processing, and supervise their construction and visit sites to monitor environmental problems, to confer with contractors, or to track construction efforts. And finally, they sometimes have to test agricultural machinery and apparatus to insure adequate performance.
Like many other jobs, agricultural engineers must have exceptional integrity and be thorough and dependable.
Similar jobs with educational opportunities in Tucson include:
- Aerodynamics Engineer. Perform a variety of engineering work in designing, constructing, and testing aircraft, missiles, and spacecraft. May conduct basic and applied research to evaluate adaptability of materials and equipment to aircraft design and manufacture. May recommend improvements in testing equipment and techniques.
- Biomedical Engineer. Apply knowledge of engineering, biology, and biomechanical principles to the design, development, and evaluation of biological and health systems and products, such as artificial organs, prostheses, instrumentation, medical information systems, and health management and care delivery systems.
- Chemical Engineer. Design chemical plant equipment and devise processes for manufacturing chemicals and products, such as gasoline, synthetic rubber, and pulp, by applying principles and technology of chemistry, physics, and engineering.
- Civil Engineer. Perform engineering duties in planning, designing, and overseeing construction and maintenance of building structures, and facilities, such as roads, railroads, airports, bridges, harbors, channels, dams, irrigation projects, pipelines, power plants, water and sewage systems, and waste disposal units. Includes architectural, structural, and geo-technical engineers.
- Computer Engineer. Research, design, and test computer or computer-related equipment for commercial, industrial, or scientific use. May supervise the manufacturing and installation of computer or computer-related equipment and components.
- Electrical Engineer. Design, develop, or supervise the manufacturing and installation of electrical equipment, components, or systems for commercial, industrial, or scientific use.
- Electronics Engineer. Research, design, and test electronic components and systems for commercial, industrial, or scientific use utilizing knowledge of electronic theory and materials properties. Design electronic circuits and components for use in fields such as telecommunications, aerospace guidance and propulsion control, acoustics, or instruments and controls.
- Fire Prevention Research Engineer. Research causes of fires, determine fire protection methods, and design or recommend materials or equipment such as structural components or fire-detection equipment to assist organizations in safeguarding life and property against fire, explosion, and related hazards.
- Health, Safety, and Environment Manager. Plan, implement, and coordinate safety programs, requiring application of engineering principles and technology, to prevent or correct unsafe environmental working conditions.
- Industrial Engineer. Design, develop, and evaluate integrated systems for managing industrial production processes including human work factors, quality control, inventory control, logistics and material flow, cost analysis, and production coordination.
- Landscape Architect. Plan and design land areas for such projects as parks and other recreational facilities, airports, and commercial, industrial, and residential sites.
- Manufacturing Engineer. Apply knowledge of materials and engineering theory and methods to design, integrate, and improve manufacturing systems or related processes. May work with commercial or industrial designers to refine product designs to increase producibility and decrease costs.
- Mechanical Engineer. Perform engineering duties in planning and designing tools, engines, and other mechanically functioning equipment. Oversee installation, operation, and repair of such equipment as centralized heat, gas, and steam systems.
- Product Safety Engineer. Develop and conduct tests to evaluate product safety levels and recommend measures to reduce or eliminate hazards.
EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES: Agricultural Engineer Training
University of Arizona - Tucson, AZ
University of Arizona, 1401 E University, Tucson, AZ 85721-0066. University of Arizona is a large university located in Tucson, Arizona. It is a public school with primarily 4-year or above programs. It has 38,057 students and an admission rate of 81%. University of Arizona has bachelor's degree, master's degree, and doctor's degree programs in Agricultural/Biological Engineering and Bioengineering which graduated eleven, four, and four students respectively in 2008.
Accredited Agricultural Consultant: The Accredited Agricultural Consultant (AAC) designation was developed and first offered by the ASFMRA in 1997.
For more information, see the American Society of Farm Managers and Rural Appraisers website.
LOCATION INFORMATION: Tucson, Arizona
Tucson is situated in Pima County, Arizona. It has a population of over 541,811, which has grown by 11.3% in the past ten years. The cost of living index in Tucson, 88, is well below the national average. New single-family homes in Tucson are priced at $179,100 on average, which is well below the state average. In 2008, five hundred sixty-five new homes were built in Tucson, down from 1,131 the previous year.
The three big industries for women in Tucson are health care, educational services, and accommodation and food services. For men, it is construction, accommodation and food services, and educational services. The average commute to work is about 22 minutes. More than 22.9% of Tucson residents have a bachelor's degree, which is higher than the state average. The percentage of residents with a graduate degree, 9.0%, is higher than the state average.
The unemployment rate in Tucson is 9.2%, which is less than Arizona's average of 9.3%.
The percentage of Tucson residents that are affiliated with a religious congregation, 44.9%, is less than the national average but more than the state average. The largest religious groups are the Catholic Church, the Southern Baptist Convention and the LDS (Mormon) Church.
Tucson is home to the Arizona Correctional Training Facility and the Silverbell Golf Course as well as Vista del Pueblo Park and Verde Meadows Park. Shopping centers in the area include Gaslight Square Shopping Center, Grant Park Shopping Center and Grant Plaza South Shopping Center. Visitors to Tucson can choose from LA Quinta, Casa Tierra Adobe B & B Inn and Best Western Executive Inn for temporary stays in the area. | <urn:uuid:7715b7d4-67bf-4dd9-b175-d0c334253613> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.careeroverview.com/usa/arizona/tucson/architecture-and-engineering/engineering/agricultural-engineer/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281331.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00225-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94257 | 1,794 | 2.609375 | 3 |
The biggest challenges this week were
-1) Finalizing Chapter One
-2) Complete the on-boarding for chapter one
-3) Preparing for Halves presentation
Halves presentations are coming up and we are starting to finalize the chapter one prototype as we’re shifting gears for production soon. We also recently learned that GDC (Games Developers Conference) has been postponed therefore we’re given more time to work on the project with the team now here for an extra week.
We were also able to outline the flow chart of the finalized version of Chapter One and we can use that as the building blocks for the Chapters going forwards. This will help us better explain the story so we can receive better feedback while also making sure the team is on the same page.
Last week we received more feedback that there was still more work to be done to learn the mechanics therefore we worked on introducing an on-boarding phase to prepare guests with instructions on how to play the game. We made further development on the UI and we added a new mechanic where players can now play the violin on the iPad. Something that many people expressed desire to do in our game.
To better prompt the players to look at the screen we added a new typing feedback effect to the instructions so that they become more aware of the changes on the screen and once role playing begins we turned off the camera function so they can recognize when we want them to role play. Now players will hear typewriter sounds and see a typing animation in the UI so they will notice when there is new dialogue to be read.
Everyone is hard at work as we each focus on our own individual tasks so we are ready for Halves.
Derek – Worked on the paper prototype for on-boarding.
Sally – Started preparation on halves presentation and acquired a new space to set up our demo.
Ryan – Programmed new violin mechanic and added more UI feedback.
Minz – Updated UI and worked with Derek on on-boarding paper prototype.
Chelsea – Created a violin model for new game mechanic.
This week we also had the opportunity to meet Tess Tanenbaum from University of California Irvine who was on campus to talk about her experience with mixed reality. She gave us a lot of feedback on our current build and how we can improve on the overall role playing experience.
Now that halves is quickly approaching we split our times working on the build and getting ready for the halves presentation. We revised it numerous times with our faculty advisers and Jessica Hammer in order to best convey what our project is about and how we got to where we are now.
After halves is the start of spring break and we will finally start building the final chapters of our demo and start preparing our materials for the conference in June. | <urn:uuid:40c1a204-1565-4ff9-840d-fb1770544d55> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.etc.cmu.edu/projects/memoiar/index.php/2020/03/03/week-7-chapter-one-and-halves-preparation/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00066.warc.gz | en | 0.964416 | 566 | 1.515625 | 2 |
ONS has announced its latest Index of Production (IoP) figures, revealing that total production output increased by 0.1% between Q3 2014 and Q4 2014, with the largest contribution to the quarterly growth once again coming from manufacturing.
- Latest data shows an increase in manufacturing production
- Latest industry production figures reveal a mixed bag
The Office for National Statistics (ONS) figures also show total production output increased by 1.4% between 2013 and 2014, and of the four main sectors, manufacturing output was the only one to rise, increasing by 2.7%.
Similar to those figures released in November 2014, ONS cited computer, electronic & optical products; the manufacture of transport equipment; and the manufacture of food products, beverages & tobacco as the main contributors to December 2014’s growth.
Shining a spotlight on manufacturing, ONS stated: “Following two years of falling output, the manufacturing industry recovered strongly in 2014, growing by 2.7% on the previous calendar year.
“This was the strongest growth rate that the industry had experienced since 2010, when output rose by 4.7%…and manufacturing output rose at a faster rate in 2014 compared with any year in the decade prior to the 2008/09 economic downturn.”
Nine sub-sectors accounted for manufacturing output growth in 2014, with the largest growth coming from rubber, plastic & non-metallic mineral products; food products, beverages and tobacco; transport equipment; other manufacturing and repair; chemicals and chemical products; machinery and equipment; and basic metals and metal products.
The biggest decrease came from basic pharmaceutical products and pharmaceutical preparations.
Commenting on today’s IoP data, Lee Hopley, chief economist at EEF, said: “Manufacturing climbed back in the final months of last year with output hitting its highest level in almost six years.
“While it was a mixed picture across the diverse range of sectors that make up the sector, there was a particularly strong finish to the year for companies in the electronics, transport and food industries.
“Nevertheless output is still 5% below the pre-recession peak and while early indicators seem positive for this year, the need for continuing focus from government on boosting investment, innovation and exports remains vital for balanced growth and stronger productivity across the economy.”
Head of manufacturing at Barclays, Mike Rigby commented: “Although manufacturing continues to be the standard bearer for total production output, flat macroeconomic conditions, a squeezed Eurozone and geopolitical tensions have all contributed to a more uncertain outlook for the sector.
“With manufacturers now increasingly voicing concerns over access to skilled labour, the incentive to make vital investment could become further thwarted.”
Read more about UK manufacturers concerns in The Manufacturer’s Annual Manufacturing Report 2015 by clicking here
Chris Sumner, managing director of FANUC UK – a leading provider of robotic and automation solutions for the manufacturing industry, said: “Today’s figures show a positive end to 2014, and we’re seeing this reflected in our order book.
“UK manufacturers are continuing to invest in robot technology and automaton, particularly in the medical sector, as they seek to capitalise on the strong economic prospects compared to their European counterparts.” | <urn:uuid:c84c8f30-6062-4d06-b494-af2df092dfee> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.themanufacturer.com/articles/manufacturing-output-2014/?change_country=LAT | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00070.warc.gz | en | 0.934631 | 678 | 1.796875 | 2 |
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