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Several years ago we discussed the value of a project management framework as a way of generating a consistent approach to project management. Since then we have see more and more organisations adopting frameworks and getting benefits of improved governance, more consistent project delivery and generally less chaos and confusion.
Challenges implementing a project management framework
However adopting a project management framework the first time can be challenging for many organisations. They were unsure where to start and which elements they need. Many of the published approaches such as PRINCE2 and the APM or PMI Guides to the Bodies of Knowledge are too high level to apply directly. Often to overcome these problems organisations would employ consultants to spend many hours writing a project management framework for them. This is neither cost-effective nor is the framework very specific to the needs of the organisations. However this all change with the Praxis framework. The Praxis framework is an open source project management method which draws from different bodies of knowledge; to provide a consistent framework for project management. The nice thing about praxis framework is that most of the work is already done and those responsible for implementing the framework can focus on tailoring the model to fit their organisation.
So what is in the Praxis framework?
The praxis framework is organised into five areas. These are;
Knowledge which describes what project managers need to know in order to manage a project. Many of these were already familiar to project managers including stakeholder management, risk management, cost management and scheduling.
Processes which define step-by-step approaches to project management tasks such as defining the budget or preparing the project management plan. This section also includes template documentation such as the business case, risk registers and change control forms.
The third part the competency framework which can help identify how competence gaps in applying the knowledge and processes described above. This is very helpful in identifying those parts of project management individuals need to develop.
Fourth part is an organisational maturity model which looks at how well project management is applied across the organisation at a programme, portfolio or project level. This is helpful for organisations trying to understand where organisations need to target their development efforts.
The final section is a library which contains a comprehensive description of the models tools and techniques used in project management.
Where to start applying the Praxis framework?
But where do you start if you want to adopt a project management method based on the Praxis framework. Let’s set out a step by step guide
Step 1 Understand where you are as an organisation. The first step is to understand your own strengths and weaknesses. The best place to start applying the Praxis framework is an assessment project management competence for individuals or an assessment the overall project maturity. These assessments will indicate which areas of project management need development and they can be cross-referenced with the knowledge and process areas in the Praxis framework.
Step 2 Select the element of the Framework that you need. The Praxis framework covers the entire range of project, programme and portfolio management. This is going to be too complex for most organisations so you need to identify how to tailor the framework to fit the needs of your organisation. This should be based on the outcome of the needs analysis conducted in step 1. From this you should have a list of elements that you need, for example you may decide that you need a project mandate, but not a vision statement.
Step 3 Prepare a communication package to launch the Framework. You will need to communicate the Framework in your language, using your projects and examples. We find this is best done by a combination of a printed brochure and an intranet site for key documents. Pointing people to the complete Praxis framework is just going to be overwhelming for most people.
Step 4 Plan and implement a communications package. To get buy in you need to communicate the new framework across the organisation, so we recommend a launch road show, either face to face or online. Often training will be required to up skill teams in the key areas. The design of the training should be informed by the assessments in step 1.
Step 5 Monitor, measure and improve. Don’t expect to get it right first time. Any change in the way an organisation does projects is bound to generate resistance at first. The key thing is to listen and reflect on the feedback . However we would recommend letting the method settle for some time before making changes, if you change things to often people get confused and they need time to try it before they can give proper feedback.
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"California faces a crisis. It is mistakenly called a “budget crisis.” It is actually a democracy crisis." -- By Professor George Lakoff
November 1, 2010 (Sacramento) -- California is the only minority rule state in America. Both houses of the California legislature are in control of a minority on all economic issues - and almost all issues are about what is in the budget. Only 34 percent of only one House of the Legislature can control legislation by saying no, creating gridlock, and blocking the will of the majority that represents the overwhelming majority of Californians.
That is why budgets have not been on time, and why they are doing less and less for the state.
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A Russian, a Cuban, an American businessman and an American lawyer were on a train traveling across Europe. The Russian took out a large bottle of vodka, poured each of his companions a drink and then hurled the semi-full bottle out the window.
"Why did you do that?" asked the American businessman.
"Vodka is plentiful in my country," said the Russian. "In fact, we have more than we will ever use."
A little later, the Cuban passed around fine Havana cigars. He took a couple of puffs of his and then tossed it out the window.
"I thought the Cuban economy was suffering," the businessman said. "Yet you threw that perfectly good cigar away."
"Cigars," the Cuban replied, "are a dime a dozen in Cuba. We have more of them than we know what to do with."
The American businessman sat in silence for a moment. Then he got up, grabbed the lawyer and threw him out the window.
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The ATLAS experiment is one of four large experiments at the LHC, involving 3100 scientists from universities and laboratories on every continent except Antarctica. Millions of proton-proton collisions take place every second in the ATLAS detector, and data from the products of the most interesting collisions are recorded and scrutinized. The goal is to study the properties and interactions of fundamental particles and to search for and hopefully discover a wide range of new phenomena, from the elusive Higgs boson to the particles of dark matter. This presentation will introduce the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider and review its first results, particularly those that shed light on the question "are quarks truly elementary, or might they be made of something smaller?"
See more of: Emerging Science and Technology
See more of: Symposia
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Gabriel said the EU was facing a "historic decision" on climate change and all ministers were well aware of the importance of striking a deal, not least because their children were keeping an eye on them.
"Those who took the floor said that their daughters asked them exactly what they did when they came to such meetings and did they come home with good results," Gabriel said.
"I think that's a pretty good incentive to make sure that we do go home with good results."
"There will be some countries like Germany who will see a steeper reduction in greenhouse gases"
Sigmar Gabriel, German Environment Minister
He said Germany was prepared to go even further, saying the country's parliament had already backed a 40 per cent cut if the EU set a 30 per cent target.
Gabriel said: "There will be some countries like Germany who will see a steeper reduction in greenhouse gases.
"Other countries, some of them no doubt in Eastern Europe, will have to achieve a lesser reduction in greenhouse gases because of the need to catch up economically."
Stavros Dimas, EU environment commissioner, said EU nations had come a long way.
In March, EU leaders gave only vague directions to environment officials, telling them to look at a cut in global carbon dioxide emissions of between 15 and 30 per cent.
"Not even the word 'target' was there," Dimas said.
European countries will try to see if other nations will go further when EU members UK, France, Germany and Italy meet other G-8 nations – the US, Russia, Japan and Canada – on June 6.
|EU's Dimas has criticised EU |
carbon dioxide accords [EPA]
They will also seek carbon dioxide cuts from the emerging economies of Brazil, China, India, Mexico and South Africa.
Only when there is a global agreement can EU nations fix exactly what carbon dioxide cuts each nation can commit to, Gabriel said.
The UN Kyoto protocol on climate change sets 1990 carbon dioxide limits as the starting point.
That won't change for the EU's target as a whole.
But that year poses problems for economies that have grown rapidly in the last two decades, particularly former Soviet bloc countries.
This is mainly because emissions have increased significantly since then.
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Psychodynamic therapy can be very useful when helping patients who have had a traumatic experience either in their past or even currently. Initially introduced by Sigmund Freud over eighty years ago, psychodynamic therapy is still being used today. As the American Journal of Psychotherapy says, "short-term psychodynamic therapy is indicated for...adjustment disorders, grief reactions, and recent onset of traumatic stress disorder" (Kennedy & Tanenbaum, 2000). They also say that setting a time limit of about fifteen session is also helpful. As Nolen-Hoeksma (2004) explains, psychodynamic therapy "focuses on uncovering and resolving unconscious conflicts that drive psychological symptoms," and "integrate aspects of their personality that have been split off or denied into a unified sense of self." The therapy wants to help patients understand how they've been coping with their mental burdens and how they possibly originated.
Usually something has traumatized the patient earlier in life. A memory which they may have repressed and not know they have.
The patient may not even be aware of their unconscious thoughts, motives or conflicts. Psychodynamic therapy helps them reveal all of those mentioned above. Since many things causing the patient mental harm may be in the unconscious, they may not realize why they're feeling the way they are. But this therapy will help the patient remember perhaps somewhat painful memories, therefore enabling them to work through that memory and be able to finally move on.
This therapy gets to the root of the problem, as opposed to concealing it with medication. Through many sessions, the patient gets a look into their unconscious which can help them cope with bad memories. Nolen-Hoeksema says that "many people report that the self-exploration of psychodynamic therapy has been valuable to them," and studies show these therapy sessions "can result in significant improvement in symptoms for...
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Do you know about an environmental problem that is not being taken care of? Have you ever wanted to do something about it? Well, you can. Here’s how.
1) Learn about the problem.
Take time to be sure you have the right information. If you can’t find out what you need to know on your own, find a friend, a teacher, one of your parents, a brother or a sister to help you along the way. Be sure to find out who you need to talk to in your community or school to get action taken.
2) Get a friend or friends involved.
Get a group of friends together and tell them what you have learned. Get them involved. Divide up the work. Get together often. Decide together how you are going to take care of the problem.
3) Set up a meeting to talk with others (including adults) about the problem.
Invite other students, teachers, parents, other adults, local officials. Write down what you want to say and what you want to have happen at the end of the meeting. Call people to make sure they know what will be happening. Before the meeting begins, tell people why you think the problem has to be solved, ask for help in finding ways to solve it. Get people to volunteer to help.Have a sign up sheet for jobs to do. Plan the next meeting. Be sure to set dates for things to be finished. Make sure you know who to talk to. Get adults to help too, so that you have some extra support!
4) Do any needed follow up investigation.
This could include getting prices for getting the problem fixed (you might need the help of an adult to do this, depending on the problem.) Find out who approves money being spent. Figure out ways that having the problem solved will help out.
5) Form a coalition.
A coalition is a group of people and organizations working together to get something done. To get the job done, you have to think about who you are trying to influence and how to get them behind your project. Plan how you will talk to these people. Make sure you keep in touch with people who say they are going to help, and that they really do help.
6) Tell everyone what is happening and how much progress you are making.
If roadblocks appear, work to get them out of the way. Let people help you take care of them.
7) Be patient. Be persistent. Be positive.
8) Follow up. Make sure everything gets done.
9) Celebrate when you get the problem fixed.
Pick your next environmental good deed!
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When you make a monetary loan, it is always a good idea to have a promissory note setting forth the terms of the loan. A promissory note is also used in real estate transactions.
A personal promissory note for a loan has many parts. It will set forth the full names and addresses of both the lender and the borrower. The amount of the loan will be stated, along with any terms of interest and the length of the loan. Payment terms will give the amount of each month/weekly/yearly payment until the loan is considered paid in full. The promissory note will also spell out remedies and actions should the loan be defaulted upon or if payments are late. Without this type of formal agreement, there is no guarantee that loaned money will be repaid to you on time, or even at all. Promissory notes protect everyone involved. They not only assure the lender a legal recourse if the loan is defaulted upon, but they protect the borrower should the lender decide to change or alter verbal terms throughout the life of the loan. Once this form is completed and endorsed, there should be no questions, confusion and difficulty with the performance of either party. Lastly, as with any other legal forms, all signatures must be notarized and/or witnessed.
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September 9, 2005
Engineers plan out “silent” airliner of the future
By Paul Hoskins
DUBLIN (Reuters) - A new generation of barely- audible,
fuel-efficient passenger aircraft described as "flying wings"
with "virtual windows" could arrive in two decades, engineers
from Britain's Cambridge University said on Friday.
below the background noise that people experience outside
airports ... below traffic noise levels," said Paul Collins, a
mechanical engineer with the "Silent Aircraft Initiative."
It will be 20 years or more before the concept, which looks
more like the U.S. military's B-2 Stealth Bomber than a jumbo
jet, could enter service.
But a noise reduction approach that goes beyond the
aircraft's frame and engines means there could be benefits much
sooner for those living beneath flight paths.
"We're not just looking to reduce the noise an aircraft
makes but also to change the way it's flown to produce
significant noise savings," aerospace engineer Tom Reynolds
told journalists at the British Association for the Advancement
of Science's annual festival in the Irish capital.
Working with air-traffic controllers, the researchers hope
they can begin flight tests with conventional aircraft as early
as next year to look at a new, steeper landing approach that
would limit the amount of time planes spend at low altitudes.
The scientists hope that, with oil prices at record highs,
their new designs will make economic as well as environmental
"It's really a win-win from an operational point of view
because you get less noise and less fuel burn at low altitude,"
Reynolds said of the project, backed by aerospace giants such
as Boeing, Rolls Royce and British Airways.
A FLYING WING
The men, who are working with the Massachusetts Institute
of Technology in the United States, believe their concept could
cost as much to develop and buy as today's passenger jets but
should be much cheaper to run thanks to its unusual shape.
"The blended wing body is an inherently more efficient
design," said Reynolds, pointing out that, unlike conventional
airliners, the entire body of their aircraft will provide lift.
In terms of silencing, Anurag Agarwal, another aerospace
engineer on the project, said mounting the engines on top of
the plane would bounce much of the noise upwards off its
Longer engines would also allow space for more mufflers
while widening them might also help: "If we push more air
through at a lower velocity we get less noise," Agarwal said.
The triangular cabin, merging into the wings, means the
configuration inside will be unlike anything flying today.
"It's like a flying wing and the passengers are
accommodated in this wing," said Agarwal of a layout providing
For passengers concerned they may be stuck in a middle
aisle without a view, Reynolds said one solution may be to
remove the windows altogether, thereby reducing cut outs in the
"You could compartmentalize the cabin into a number of
narrower sections and if you combine that with virtual windows
you may not, in real terms, experience anything different."
The initial plan is to work on a transatlantic model the
size of a Boeing 767 with 250 seats and a 4,000-mile range but
Agarwal said it could be expanded to carry 800: "One advantage
is that it becomes more efficient as you make it bigger."
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Photo by: Jeanette V. Miranda
Inspiration of “The Nuyorican”:
In 2013, Tamika was invited to participate in Victory Gardens Theater’s Access Project as an actress to help the writer’s with disabilities put a voice to their plays while they were a work in progress. It was then that she was invited by the instructor, Philip Dawkins, to join the group and write her own personal story. There it was that The Nuyorican was born.
“The Nuyorican” Play was conceived as a love letter to Tamika’s son Sebastian as a way to share her story with him in hopes that he would gain some insight of her dysfunctional upbringing and her exaggerated episodes of craziness when she thought that he was being indifferent or careless.
“The Nuyorican” Synopsis:
Tamika is trying everything to not fall victim to the vicious cycle that is life in the projects of Coney Island with her eccentric grandmother a.k.a. “La Mente”. Her unconventional upbringing forces her to navigate through drugs, sex, abuse, lies and death. What decisions will Tamika have to make in order to not become a victim of circumstance and how will those decisions shape her to become the woman she is meant to be?
History of “The Nuyorican”:
June 2017 – Present – Workshopping, Halcyon Theatre, Tony Adams
November 2015 – Public Reading, UrbanTheater Company R.A.W.
(Really Aggressive Writing) Series, Director Jo Cattell
September 2015 – Private play reading, Halcyon Theatre
July 2015 – Por fin - Completed first draft
October 2013 - First words finally hit the page, Victory Gardens Theater Access Project, Philip Dawkins
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A brief examination of the differences between the society which birthed the ‘Until death do us part’ worldview and that of contemporary America provides several fascinating insights. Contrasting the past with the present is worthy of consideration as so many social mores and laws concerning marriage and divorce have evolved. This transformation of values, however, has not always been uneven. Divorce has been made legally easier to obtain. And yet in many social settings, the opinion remains that marriage that ends before death is a sign of failure. Because of this, a desire to avoid feelings of guilt, shame, embarrassment, fear, and dishonor in the eyes of family and friends function as strong inhibitors for effectuating divorce – even if your spouse has a pathological, narcissistic personality disorder.
This social dynamic has made some Seek Alternatives to ‘til Death Do Us Part’. By knowing even a little about the history of marriage, it becomes apparent that this judgment rooted in nostalgia – i.e. “a few decades ago marriage meant a real life-long commitment” – is based on a misunderstanding of the generations that predate the present. The rise in life expectancy, the transformation of the church and state’s role in marriage, and the transformation of values, attitudes, and beliefs towards marriage in the English-speaking world over the past five hundred years shows that ‘until death do us part’ is a far more complicated standard than it appears at face. By contrasting the life expectancy, marital norms, and social views on the purpose of marriage between the cultures which birthed the ‘as long as you both shall live’ standard and the present enables appraisal of this worldview and its value for the modern age. Doing so helps provide insights as to why the legal system has increasingly come to support people in romantic relationships who want the freedom to start fresh.
“Until Death Do Us Part” in Light of a Short Life Expectancy
For centuries, marriage in the English-speaking world has been regarded as a contract that ended only when one partner was no longer alive. The phrase “until death do us part” was first popularized in the English-speaking world following the first printing of the Book of Common Prayer in England in 1549. In God Talk, published in New Yorker magazine, Harvard professor of literary criticism James Wood provides a history of the book’s publication and traces its influence. He cites several well-known, high-brow British authors, David Bowie songs, and Neville Chamberlain’s use of the phrase “Peace for our time”. Were the article updated today, Wood would likely include the Marvel Cinematic Universe in his list of traces. Ironman/Tony Stark and Ultron have both adopted “Peace in our time” as a motivating, quasi-religious maxim.
The passage from the vows which end in ‘until death do us part’ begins with a commitment to stay together “for better, for worse, for richer, for poorer, in sickness and in health”. The wording of this rite denoting permanent spiritual union is compelling poetry. And yet it’s important to note that at the time that marriage was evolving into an institution, the human lifespan was almost half of what it is today.
H.O. Lancaster was an Australian mathematical statistician affiliated with the University of Sydney that was awarded the Order of Australia for his work in math. Lancaster’s study “Expectations of Life” offers an in-depth look at the life expectancy of English males before and after the period of the Book of Common Prayer was published. Lancaster collected a large body of data on the births and deaths of the aristocratic class, those most likely to be noted in such registers, from the years 1200 through 1745.
Below is a timeline of life expectancy by 50-year periods that depicts his findings:
- 1200-1300: 43 years
- 1300-1400: 24 years
- 1400-1500: 48 years
- 1500-1550: 50 years
- 1550-1600: 47 years
- 1600-1650: 43 years
- 1650-1700: 41 years
- 1700-1745: 43 years
Considering that the aristocratic class then, as now, was more likely to live longer, it’s likely that the actual average life expectancy was several years lower than the ages listed here.
Following the publication of research by Londoner and proto-epidemiologist John Snow, whose research on the cholera epidemic had a tremendous impact on life in cities all over the world, along with the social advocacy of barrister Edwin Chadwick, the First Public Health Revolution began. The non-medical social improvements Snow and Chadwick helped initiate, such as public water treatment, food inspection, and waste management, would radically raise the average life expectancy rate. The later development of antibiotics like penicillin and advanced surgical techniques raised this number even more.
What this means is that over the past 200 years the length a marriage was expected to last according to this view has more than doubled. If a couple married in 1600 when each was 24 and then died at 43, they’d have been married for 19 years. That same couple today is statistically, according to the World Bank, likely to live until 81. This means is that this marriage would last for 57 years – which is 3 times as long as it was 400 years ago.
What this means is that the midlife crisis that Brides author Cathy Meyer warns wives about and that PsychCentral and Healthline describe so that men can have information on how to be resilient in the face of distress was something that most of these women never faced. Similarly, the midlife crises which Cleveland Clinic describes women as going through were something that most men never dealt with. While supporting your partner in times of crisis is a core marital value – its extension across such a long period is novel. This is not the only aspect of marriage that has changed.
Marriage: From Personal to Institutional
In addition to the rise of life expectancy that has impacted marital relations, the role of religious and state institutions has also evolved alongside a transformation of what marriage means. According to the author of Marriage, a History: How Love Conquered Marriage, Stephanie Coontz, in the article The World-Historical Transformation of Marriage: “For more than a thousand years, the Catholic church took the position that if a man and woman claimed that they had exchanged words of consent, whether in the kitchen or out by the haystack then they were married.” (Coontz 974). Similarly, according to sociologist Dr. Carol Smart of the University of Manchester, it wasn’t until 1793 and the passage of the Clandestine Marriage Act that state involvement in marriage was significant. This act, effectively, ended the protections granted by common law marriage.
Dr. Smart shared with the BBC that the act marked the beginning of state involvement by requiring couples to get married by a minister in a church or chapel otherwise the union would be considered invalid. Though by that time America had separated from England via political revolution, according to historic researches affiliated with PBS, many of the cultural values were still the same.
The United States went through a similar transformation. Common-Law was adopted by the Colonies, however, in the 1800s, various states began to repeal these rights. According to the National Conference of State Legislatures, only eight U.S. states recognize common law marriage: Colorado, Iowa, Kansas, Montana, New Hampshire, South Carolina, Texas, and Utah.
The depiction of marriage shown in the above painting made is, in other words, relatively modern. Somber and public religious ceremonies of that type were infrequent. When they did happen, it usually served to publicize the joining of two families with mutual political or economic interests.
Marriage: From Economic to Emotional
That political motivation was the primary influence for marital motivation in royal family’s is common knowledge, less widely known is that economic concerns were the primary motivation for the non-aristocratic classes. For hundreds of years, families in this class would arrange the marriages of their children to further their economic interests. The children of leather tanners would marry the children of shoemakers, the children of prosperous farmers of grain would marry millers. Such arrangements helped consolidate economic activity – which would eventually lead to the rise of family-owned craft and industrial firms.
Such practices were also evident in the United States as well as England. Harvard historian Sven Beckert describes in The Monied Metropolis: New York City and the Consolidation of the American Bourgeoisie how the children of the owners of American industrial firms in the 19th century arranged the marriages of their children to those of the owners of mining companies, shipping firms, and British aristocrats to improve their business operations while Jackson Lears, a History professor at Rutgers University, in No Place of Grace: Antimodernism and the Transformation of American Culture, describes the familial ties which came to link cotton processing operations in England with plantations owners in the South.
As wealth accumulated over generations could be dissipated by an unwise alliance or the profligacy of an intemperate bachelor, parental pressures continued to promote the attitude that romantic love was not the most important consideration. Parents, however, could not match the influence of the views transmitted through literature and popular culture. Just as the Public Health Revolution promoted personal health practices, novels and short stories promoted the notion that the emotional union experienced via romantic love was far more desirable to look at marriage as a means to create strategic alliances. Marriage without love was described as stultifying, a cause for depression, it vindicated infidelity and all sorts of behaviors that would otherwise be unjustifiable.
The transformation happened over hundreds of years. According to Coontz’s research, “it’s only in the last 50 years or so that we’ve been marrying for love at all.” The modern understanding of love and marriage is that there is now one person for us that is to address all of the needs once fulfilled by friends, family, and others within one’s lived environment. This worldview places many new expectations on our spouses and can be both fulfilling and cause troubles that are novel. This view of love and marriage as divorced from the traditional roles which mandated child-rearing has impacted marriage in broader ways.
Dr. Coontz’s History of Love or: How I learned to Stop Worrying and Love Divorce
One recent example of the evolution of marriage in the United States stems from the Supreme Court’s 5-4 decision in the Obergefell v. Hodges case on June 26, 2015. The decision held that state statutes against same-sex marriage and states that refuse to recognize same-sex marriages that occurred in jurisdictions that did allow it violated the due process and equal protection clauses of the Constitution. It’s worth noting that the Majority Opinion, written by Justice Kennedy, twice cited Marriage, a History: How Love Conquered Marriage by Dr. Stephanie Coontz. This expansion of what marriage means along with other changes – such as the increase in no-fault divorce laws – have led some commentators to claim that marriage and the family as an institution as well as American society as a whole are harmed.
The answer to the National Bureau of Economic Research’s question Is Making Divorce Easier Bad for Children?, for example, is yes. Using 40 years of census data segmented by states which allow for unilateral divorce, they highlight how such laws result in lower family incomes and children with lower education levels. But is this the whole story? Not at all. For one basing a broad argument on just two indicators is poor social science. The human experience is incredibly complex and a few statistics rarely reflect that. Secondly, there’s an important and unaddressed counterfactual. Jewish people have long accepted marriage as a spiritual binding that can be legally ended by no-fault divorce, called a get, and yet their religion’s share of household income is the highest in the United States and the Pew Research Center published research in 2016 which stated that they are the best-educated religious group.
When marriage is conceived of as something invariable and ‘unto death’, any ambiguity or change can seem like an assault on what is seen across all human cultures as a spiritual merging of two people. And yet history shows that marriage as a rite and institution is often being adjusted to the everyday realities people face.
Perceptions of marriage and the practices linked to it have varied drastically across different periods, regions, religions, and ethnic groups. As a cultural rite, custom, and institution – marriage has evolved alongside developments in law and society. In England, geopolitical concerns linked to royal succession helped lead to the normalization of divorce. Controversies tied to economic issues helped end the legal view that women become the property of men. In the United States after riots, pleas, protests, and considerations within the political sphere and rulings via the judicial process about marriage resulted in new civil norms being created. In the English-speaking world, and elsewhere, what was once primarily an economic arrangement influenced by political, religious, and financial concerns evolved into an emotional covenant.
Marriage is fundamentally different now than it was 100 years ago. What marriage was 100 years ago was far different than it was 100 years before that. And what will marriage be like in 100 years? Who knows! If research findings described by Emily Willingham in Scientific American are true and life expectancy can be “hacked” so that life expectancy rises to 150 years, it’s certain to be different than it is now. Whatever comes to be, there is cause to ignore the prognostications of alarmists as to the future of marriage. National Center for Health Statistics data on Marriage and Divorce shows that over the past decade the U.S. divorce rate has recently declined. Data analysts have also published research that shows that the oft-cited “50% divorce rate” is inaccurate.
Societies make their own history, but they do not make it as they please. They do not make it under self-selected circumstances, but under circumstances existing already, given, and transmitted from the past. Understanding the historic shifts in the values, attitudes, beliefs, and laws linked to marriage can provide happily married couples cause for appreciation of what they now have. It can also give those in unhappy relationships fortitude in the face of social pressures which keep them in a relationship that has become dysfunctional. Until death do us part is certainly beautiful poetry. And yet history shows that when high aspirations cannot be reached, especially when our lives are now so much longer than the culture which first created that verse, we ought not to deny ourselves the freedom to start fresh due to social pressures.
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Assemblyman ALBERT COUTINHO
District 29 (Essex and Union)
Assemblyman LOUIS D. GREENWALD
District 6 (Camden)
Assemblyman ALEX DECROCE
District 26 (Morris and Passaic)
Assemblywoman ALISON LITTELL MCHOSE
District 24 (Sussex, Hunterdon and Morris)
Extends requirement of wastewater management planning agencies to establish or update wastewater management plans, and extends validity of sewer service areas and wastewater service areas, until three years after enactment.
CURRENT VERSION OF TEXT
An Act concerning wastewater management plans and sewer service area and wastewater service area designations.
Be It Enacted by the Senate and General Assembly of the State of New Jersey:
1. The Legislature finds and declares that it is in the public interest to remain committed to preservation of the environment, and further declares that it is the purpose of this act to remove unnecessary obstacles to economic development during the current period of persistent economic hardship.
2. As used in this act:
“Department” means the Department of Environmental Protection.
“Extension period” means the time period beginning on the date of enactment of this act and ending three years after the date of enactment of this act.
“Sewer service area” means the land area identified in an areawide water quality management plan from which wastewater generated is designated to flow to a domestic treatment works or industrial treatment works.
“Wastewater management plan” means a written and graphic description of existing and future wastewater related jurisdictions, wastewater service areas, and selected environmental features and treatment works.
“Wastewater management planning agency” means a governmental unit that has responsibility to prepare, submit, and periodically update a wastewater management plan pursuant to the department’s rules and regulations.
“Wastewater service area” means a sewer service area, a general service area approved for wastewater facilities with planning flows of less than 20,000 gallons per day which discharge to groundwater, and a general service area for wastewater facilities with planning flows of less than 2,000 gallons per day which discharge to groundwater as designated in any wastewater management plan or water quality management plan.
“Water quality management plan” means a plan prepared pursuant to Sections 208 and 303 of the federal Clean Water Act of 1977, Pub.L.95-217, 33 U.S.C. s.1251 et seq., and the “Water Quality Planning Act,” P.L.1977, c.75 (C.58:11A-1 et seq.), and includes Statewide, areawide, and county water quality management plans as defined by the Department of Environmental Protection in the Water Quality Management Planning rules, N.J.A.C.7:15-1.1 et seq.
3. a. Notwithstanding any other law, or rule or regulation adopted pursuant thereto, to the contrary, the time period within which a wastewater management planning agency shall prepare and submit to the department a wastewater management plan or wastewater management plan update pursuant to the Water Quality Management Planning rules, N.J.A.C.7:15-1.1 et seq., adopted by the department effective July 7, 2008, is extended for the duration of the extension period.
b. All wastewater service area designations, including all sewer service area designations in portions of areawide water quality management plans where no wastewater management plan was previously prepared, in effect at any time during the extension period shall remain in effect until such time as the applicable wastewater management planning agency adopts a new, revised, or updated wastewater management plan, as applicable, and the plan is approved by the department.
c. All wastewater service area designations, including all sewer service area designations in portions of areawide water quality management plans where no wastewater management plan was previously prepared, withdrawn pursuant to the Water Quality Management Planning rules, N.J.A.C.7:15-1.1 et seq., adopted by the department effective July 7, 2008, prior to the date of enactment of this act shall be reinstated and shall be in effect during the extension period.
4. This act shall take effect immediately.
This bill would extend, for a prescribed “extension period,” the requirement for wastewater management planning agencies to prepare and submit a wastewater management plan or a wastewater management update to the Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) and would maintain during the extension period the validity of wastewater service areas and sewer service areas. The bill defines “extension period” as the time period beginning on the date of enactment of this bill into law and ending three years after the date of enactment.
Under the DEP’s current Water Quality Management Planning rules, N.J.A.C.7:15-1.1 et seq., adopted effective July 7, 2008, wastewater management planning agencies were required to submit a wastewater management plan or a wastewater management plan update to the department by April 7, 2009. This deadline was extended until April 7, 2011 by Administrative Order 2010-03, issued by the DEP Commissioner, dated March 24, 2010. This bill would further extend the deadline until three years after its enactment and would provide that no wastewater service area designations or sewer service area designations be withdrawn during that time. Furthermore, any such designations already withdrawn would be reinstated and would remain effective until three years after enactment.
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A study at UC San Diego showed that regular weed-smoking is not likely to do any damage to a teenager’s brain, though drinking alcohol is. Researchers separated a group of 92 people aged 16 to 20 into groups of drinkers/smokers and abstainers, then monitored their health over 18 months.
Those who had at least five drinks twice a week were found to have significant damage to their brains’ white matter,which may cause memory and attention span loss later in life, while those who smoked the most weed–up to nine times a week–were not. “One reason is that marijuana can really vary,” said neuroscientist Susan Tapert. “Different strains contain different levels of THC and other marijuana components. For example, some studies have suggested one component, cannabidiol, may actually have neuroprotective effects.”
Of course, the study’s results will have to be repeated before its findings can be verified, but researchers believe their findings were valuable. “It is clear that more research is needed into the long-term effects of marijuana on the brain,” said Tapert. “Especially because use is up.”
(Photo: Potimus Prime)
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PERFORMANCE OF THE ECONOMY
It is for the first time that all the target, fixed for the fiscal year have already been met
From SHAMIM AHMED RIZVI,
June 23 - 29, 2003
The financial year 2002-2003 coming to a close by the end of this month has created a record in the financial history of Pakistan. It is for the first time that all the target, fixed for the fiscal year have already been met — some even surpassed except the revenue collection by the CBR. Latest figures are not available but it is almost certain that the target of revenue collection of Rs.454 billion will also be met by June 30.
Export target of $10 billion was already crossed last week when President Musharraf personally witnessed the sailing of the container from Karachi port with a consignment touching the figure of 10.5 billion dollars. It is likely to cross $11 billion by June 30, GDP growth rate target of 4.5 per cent was surpassed during the first 10 month. It is estimated to cross 5.1 by the close of current fiscal. Forex exchange reserves has crossed the target of $10 billion about six week back. It is likely to end up at $11 billion. Remittances from expatriates have already surpassed the target by about a billion dollar. Inflation has been contained to slightly less then estimated.
The significant economic achievements of 2002-03 include a notable increase in growth of domestic output stemming from a sharp pick up in manufacturing and a welcome recovery in agriculture; a robust growth in per capita income: a healthy reduction in fiscal deficit, low inflation; notable increase in current balance of payments surplus; impressive growth in exports and imports; surge in workers' remittances; massive addition to the country's foreign exchange reserves; a decline in both external and domestic debt; a significant lowering of domestic interest rates; a noteworthy increase in national savings; a substantial rise in foreign direct investments; record rise of Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE) index and a distinct improvement in Pakistan's credit rating in international markets.
Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the current fiscal year is now anticipated to increase by 5.1 per cent as against the target of 4.5 per cent and 3.4 per cent last year. This significant improvement in growth performance is attributable to impressive increase of output in manufacturing, agriculture and service sectors which grew by 7.7 per cent, 4.2 per cent and 5.3 per cent respectively. Pakistan's growth performance in 2002-03 exceeded the average growth of developing countries estimated at 4.6 per cent.
The major contribution to revival of growth in 2002-03 is attributable to agriculture, which on account of improvement in water availability is expected to witness a rise in output of 4.2 per cent after the disappointing growth of 2.64 per cent during 2001-2002. Major crops wheat, sugarcane, rice and maize registered an impressive recovery with 5.8 per cent growth against a contraction of two previous years on account of drought conditions in the country.
The latest estimate of wheat production is 19.235 million tonnes 6.5 per cent higher than last year's 18.227 million. Rice crop in the current fiscal year is estimated at 4.478 million tonnes as against 3.882 million tonnes last year. The estimate of sugarcane production is 53.049 million tonnes as against 48.042 million tonnes last year. The cotton crop, however, registered a decline of 3.8 per cent from 10.6 million bales to 10.3 million bales.
The most noteworthy economic development of the current fiscal years is substantial rise is the growth of manufacturing output at 7.7 per cent. Factors contributing to this notable performance are macroeconomic stability, decline is cost of capital, increase in exports and the availability of consumer financing at reasonable rates of interest.
More impressive than the Growth of Domestic Output (GDP) has been robust rise in Gross National Product (GNP), which escalated by 8.4 per cent in 2002-03 primarily on account of sharp increase in remittances. This was substantially higher than 5.3 per cent growth in GNP in 2001-03. Real per capita GNP grew by 6.3 per cent as against 3.1 per cent last year. In dollar terms, per capita income jumped from $419 to 492, an increase of 17.4 per cent.
A praiseworthy economic achievement of the present government is restraint on inflation, which remained subdued at 3.3 per cent in 2002-03 as against 3.4 per cent last year. Low inflation is attributable to better supply situation of essential commodities, prudent fiscal management, appreciation of exchange rate and sterlisation by the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) of monetary impact of substantial inflow of foreign exchange.
Monetary policy during the current fiscal year was greatly influenced by developments in external accounts of the country. The State Bank had the difficult task of striking a balance between the two conflicting imperatives of how to prevent a sharp appreciation of our exchange rate (which would have an adverse impact on the competitiveness of our exports) and how to prevent an excessive increase in money supply with a view to ensuring price stability.
During July-March 2002-2003, the SBP, on account of net purchase of $4.4 billion from the market, injected Rs.257 billion, however, 70.4 per cent of this injection was sterilised through auctioning of government bonds. Despite this sterilisation on a massive scale, the over-all money supply during July-March 2003 grew by 12.5 per cent against the revised annual target of 16 per cent. Credit expansion through commercial banks registered an increase of 145 per cent.
The weighted average of lending rates declined from 14 per cent in June 2001 to 8.2 per cent in March 2003. The spread between lending and deposit rates also declined to 5.45 per cent from 7.8 per cent in June 2001.
Another important achievement of the present government is reduction in over-all fiscal deficit, which during 2002-03 is estimated at 4.6 per cent of GDP. Reduction in fiscal deficit has stemmed from improvements in revenue and curtailment in expenditure. Total revenue as a percentage of GDP increased from 17.2 in 2001-02 to 17.6 in 2002-03 and total expenditure declined from 22.8 per cent to 22.2 per cent.
The over-all performance of tax administration during the current fiscal year has been impressive. Central Board of Revenue (CBR) collected 15 per cent more revenue than last year.
The surplus in current account of the balance of payments (excluding official transfers) jumped to $2.562 million or 3.7 per cent of GDP during July-March 2002-03 from $1,014 million (1.7 per cent of GDP) during the same period last year. By the end of the current fiscal year the current account surplus, it is hoped, would be $3.0 billion or 4.3 per cent of GDP.
Exports grew by 20.8 per cent during July-April 2002-03 as against a decline of 1.8 per cent during the same period last year. Pakistan's export growth during the currency fiscal year out performed global export growth by a wide margin. Like exports, imports also increased by 22.5 per cent during July-April 2002-03 as against a decline of 6.9 per cent last year. Machinery imports grew by 35.6 per cent. The trade deficit stood at $1.250 million during July-April 2002-03. The fiscal year might end with a trade deficit of $1.5 billion.
Pakistan succeeded in attracting around $700 million FDI flows during July-April 2002-03 as compared to $308 million in the same period last year. It is expected that FDI flows may reach $800 million by the end of the current fiscal year.
The build up of foreign exchange reserves during the current fiscal year has been phenomenal. During July-May 2002-03, the country increased it's foreign exchange reserves by $4.279 billion. One may 30, 2003 the total foreign exchange reserves stood at $10.513 billion, of which SBP's reserves were $9.314 billion.
The massive build up of foreign exchange reserves has provided stability to the country's exchange rate, which appreciated by 4.0 per cent vis-a-vis US dollar since the beginning of the current fiscal year.
A heartening economic development in recent years has been decline in the dimensions of external debt and foreign exchange liabilities. This decline has amounted to $2.335 billion. Total external debt and foreign exchange liabilities at end March 2003 amounted to $35.6 billion. However, when adjusted for SBP's liquid reserves of $9.3 billion, the net external debt and foreign exchange liabilities amounted to $26.3billion at end March 2003.
The performance of Karachi Stock Exchange in the current fiscal year has been spectacular. On account of a marked improvement in the country's economic fundamental and promising prospects of growth with stability, KSE has been adjudged the best performing market in the calendar year 2002. KSE index rose from 1770 points in June 2002 to 3117 points on May 29, 2003 and points 3300 on June 18 which is an increase of 80 per cent. The aggregate market capitalisatiion also rose from Rs.407.6 billion to over Rs.700 billion during the same period, a growth of 70.5 percent.
Addressing a post budget seminar, the Finance Minister Shaukat Aziz rightly claimed that the wide-ranging fiscal reforms carried out during the last over three years have started paying dividends. He said that Pakistan is now moving towards fiscal consolidation on sustained basis. "Now our main objective is to ensure that the benefits of these improvement should trickle down to common man who is still hard pressed. The focus in the new budgets to create maximum jobs and reduce poverty, agriculture, housing and construction and SMEs sector have been identified as the priority areas in our development planning as these sectors are labour intensive and the maximum number of jobs can be created in these sectors. A major portion of the development budget in the next year budget will go to these sectors", the Finance Minister added.
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Delegates at the first scientific meeting of the Southern Africa Development Community's applied research programme agreed to harmonise their activities to avoid duplication.
They also agreed to strengthen links between scientists, policymakers and farmers both within and between countries.
The meeting, held on 16-17 February in Lilongwe, Malawi, focused on agricultural research. It was attended by scores of delegates from the community's 14 member nations.
Delegates agreed that farmers should be involved in the process of developing new technologies.
They urged researchers to assess traditional farming practices, in case they can be adapted to different situations, and to seek farmers' views on new technologies after they are introduced.
They added that agricultural research must be integrated with land and water management.
The meeting included presentations on traditional approaches to soil and water conservation in semi-arid environments, such as how to trap rainwater in fields.
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Agartala/Silchar, May 21 (IANS) Road and rail traffic was disrupted in southern Assam, Tripura, Mizoram and western Manipur by incessant rain and landslides, officials said here on Saturday.
Tripura has been cut off from the rest of the country since Friday as its lifeline — National Highway-8 (NH-8) — was badly damaged in adjoining southern Assam.
A Northeast Frontier Railway (NFR) official said in Silchar: “Due to torrential rain during the past several days, coupled with heavy landslides, rail services have been disrupted in southern Assam, Tripura, Mizoram and western Manipur.”
He said that railway workers were working round-the-clock to clear the rubble in many places in Assam’s Dima Hasao district.
“Huge mudslides together with boulders covering a large portion of the tracks at Fidhing and other places are being cleared.”
The official however could not give the time by when the rail tracks will be cleared as the rain continued on Saturday as well.
NFR chief public relations officer Pranav Jyoti Sharma said four major trains running between Guwahati and Silchar, including Silchar-Sealdah Kanchanjunga Express and the Silchar-New Delhi via Guwahati Poorvottar Sampark Kranti Express, were cancelled till the tracks were cleared.
The railway lines and the national highways, considered the lifelines for the region, from Guwahati pass through southern Assam to connect landlocked Tripura’s capital Agartala, Mizoram and western Manipur with the rest of India.
These states are heavily dependent on the railways for the supply of food grain, fertilisers, petroleum products, construction material and other commodities.
Huge landslides had blocked the railway tracks on April 27 and rail traffic could be restored only on May 6. Rail services were again disrupted on May 13.
The 585-km NH-8 is the only road link between Tripura and the rest of the country via Assam and Meghalaya.
About a 20-km stretch between Lower Powa in Assam and Churaibari in northern Tripura has turned into a muddy field after the rain.
According to Tripura government officials, national highway-8 is badly damaged and consequently hundreds of oil tankers, goods-laden trucks and other vehicles have been stranded in Lower Powa areas in southern Assam.
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Ten-billion dollars may not be enough for Bayer to settle the bulk of 125,000 Roundup Weed Killer cancer lawsuits. Back in June, the German drug and chemical giant pledged that amount to resolve lawsuits that hitherto had been filed. But in order to settle future lawsuits, the company announced on Nov. 3, the amount needed would likely cost an additional $2 billion.
This poses more bad financial woes for the company that acquired Monsanto in 2018 for $63 billion, roughly around the same time the first Roundup trial commenced. In that trial, a jury found Monsanto’s conduct and the active ingredients in Roundup, including glyphosate, caused former school groundskeeper, Dwayne “Lee” Johnson to develop non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
Monsanto was ordered to pay Johnson $289 million. (That award has been twice slashed to $20 million.) Bayer appealed the Johnson case as well as the two others that have gone to trial, both of which have also resulted in big money damage awards for the plaintiffs.
Recently, the California Supreme Court refused to review the Johnson case. Also, late last month, attorneys for Monsanto-Bayer failed to persuade a circuit court judge that the first federal lawsuit against Monsanto, which resulted in an $80 million award for the plaintiff, Edwin Hardeman, should be overturned. (Hardeman’s award was later reduced to $25 million.)
Bayer also recently missed a deadline to settle nearly 1,900 out of 3,781 federal lawsuits, which opens the door for those trials to resume. The bulk of the 125,000 Roundup lawsuits filed are at the state level, thus the federal lawsuits are not part of the $10 billion settlement.
Bayer also announced Nov. 3 that despite reaching agreements in principle to settle 88,500 claims, it can’t say with absolute certainty that the final number of claims will be 125,000. Due to the recent court decisions mentioned above, more Roundup users may decide to file claims.
The $2 billion extra Bayer said it would spend to settle future lawsuits is $750 million higher than its original plan for any claims that have yet to be filed. Bayer is still working on a plan B to settle future claims, after the judge presiding over unresolved claims scoffed at the company’s plan to have a scientific panel decide on whether or not glyphosate is carcinogenic, rather than let a jury decide.
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What do you say? How do you flirt? What do you do if she doesn't respond right away? Learning to text a girl you're in a relationship with can be tough. But you can learn how to start better conversations and keep them flowing to make your text-skills top-notch.
Starting a Conversation
1Start with something specific. If you're going to start a conversation with a girl via text, don't start with "hey" or "what's up" or the kissy-face emoji. It's important to give her something interesting or complicated to respond to, or she'll quickly get bored and so will you. Start with a comment, question, or observation, always.
- "Do they sell bus tickets to Acapulco in this town? I'm bored of being in my house watching this dog lick its paw. Planning an escape. What do you say?"
- "Whoever said I'm not creative. Just found a way to make a sandwich out of chips and rice. Totally winning at Saturday. Can you beat that?"
- "Coach keeps talking about 'grabbing the brass ring' and I keep thinking about Frodo. YOU SHALL NOT PASS. So I'm thinking, LOTR movie night? Thoughts?"
2Start with something timely. What are you doing right now? If you want a response, and want to have an actual conversation, it's better to talk about something that matters right now, instead of something that you could talk about any time. "Hey how are you" doesn't count.
- "Math homework = killing me. Not sure I'll finish. How far have you gotten? Help with number five?"
- "Done with practice. Pretty sure mom forgot to pick me up. Looks like I live in the parking lot now."
- "Quick: Channel Five. That girl from our English class is being interviewed and she looks totally ridiculous."
3Send something sweet. If you're texting with a girlfriend, it's a good idea to be a little flirty with your texts. You don't have to go over-the-top, but learning to steer something around to your feelings with this girl is always a plus.
- "I'm walking past the park. Thinking of that time we kissed on the swings. Miss you."
- "Just saw a mallard duck couple waddling around. NOT SO CUTE AS WE : )"
- "Saturday is free for me. Got all day to spend with you. What should we do?"
4Ask open-ended questions. Questions are a great way to start conversations via text. But don't ask questions that can be answered with one word, especially if those words are "yes" or "no." Instead, coax her into a conversation by asking more complicated questions that will take a little more thought on her end, and give you more to respond to on yours.
- Don't ask, "What are you up to?" Instead, "Thoughts?"
- Don't ask, "Did you have fun at practice?" or "How was school?" Instead, ask "What did you think of that test today?" or "What was the worst part of practice?"
- Don't ask, "Do you like Italian food?" ask, "What do you think of Italian food?"
- Don't probe, or ask inappropriate questions.
5Send a link or a picture. You don't always have to text words to get a conversation started. If you see a picture of something funny, snap a quick pic and send it to your girlfriend with a funny caption, or ask her to comment on it to get a conversation started.
- If you see something strange, like a pigeon with its head in a box of Chinese takeout, snap a pic and send it with the line, "Not sure what's going on here, other than winning at life. Is it weird that I'm jealous of this guy?"
- If you just read something funny, like a Buzzfeed list of dog pictures, or a silly article from the Onion, send it to her via text and tell her what you thought was funny about it. Then text about it after she's read.
- Be careful about picture texting. Never send unsolicited naked pictures to a girl. Keep it PG.
Knowing What to Say
1Give her something to respond to. Conversations are like plants, you have to water them or they'll just shrivel up and die. You need to give something for a girl to respond to in a conversation, or the conversation will die. When you respond to something she has said, avoid lame replies, single-word answers, and you'll keep the conversation going.
- If she asks, "What's up?" don't say, "Nothing" or "Just chilling." Be specific and give her the light-hearted details: "Helping my dad comb through ten years of strange auto-parts in the garage. We are the automotive Indiana Jones of the block. You?"
- If she says something funny, it's ok to write a quick "ha" or "lol" if you must, but it's a lot better to actually respond to what she says. If she sends you a hilarious picture of a bulldog on a waterslide, laugh at it, but then say, "Current mood?" or "That dog is my spirit animal" or "I suddenly feel so close to you."
2Respond to things she says. Even if she doesn't ask you a question directly, or say something that's pretty interesting, try to respond in a specific way to reignite the conversation. Keep following up to keep her at ease and talking. Let her talk about herself and be a good "listener" while you talk via text.
- If she says, "School was so boring today" don't just let it drop, follow up. Say, "What was the most boring thing?" or "But what was the most EXCITING thing that happened in your boring day?" Get her talking by asking questions.
- If she's being really closed, just saying, "lol" or something to that effect, it may be better to just end the conversation instead of doing all the work yourself. She might be distracted, or just not that into talking right now. Don't get upset, just talk later.
3Tease her to flirt. Some studies show that we're actually attracted to gentle teasing, because it creates a kind of electric energy in the conversation. If you want to inject a little tension into your texting conversations, teasing her just a little (be nice now) can make your texts a little more thrilling.
- If she just put up a bunch of selfies on Facebook, text her: "Scrolling through all these selfies. I'm going to guess what you're thinking in each of them. This first one says, 'This mirror is SO DIRTY.'"
4Keep it light. Texts are great for quick, witty, light conversations, not for in-depth talks about your relationship. If you're unsure what to talk about, keep it jokey and focused on silly topics or fun. Talk about any of the following topics:
- Silly things you saw or read on the Internet
- Dumb things you overheard someone say
- Ironic things that happened to you
- Your siblings, your pets, or your family
- Fun plans for the future, or talking about a date you just went on
Writing Good Texts
1Make sure it's an appropriate time to text. You may be in a chatting mood, but your girlfriend might be sitting in class, or busy with a family event, or working in the library. Just as you might not bug someone in person if they were doing any of these things, it's a good idea to avoid texting her while she's busy.
- Avoid texting late at night, while you're busy, or any time you suspect your girlfriend might be driving. If she's texting you, don't respond or tell her that you'll text her later.
2Write out full words. You don't have to write like you're in writing class, but it's still important to make sure you're spelling words (mostly) correctly so that your girlfriend can read them. Take the time to write out full sentences when you can, making each text full of content, so she doesn't have to scroll through 50 to get what you're saying.
- While you might not care, some people are turned off by too many uses of "ur" and "gr8."
3Wait for a response until you write more. That "..." bubble can be nerve-wracking to wait for, but it's important to give her a chance to respond before you start blasting off extra texts. This can seem aggressive and impatient. Don't assume she'll always be right by her phone ready to respond.
- Don't text too much. Keep the ratio at roughly 1 : 1. Save some stuff for real-life interactions.
- If she doesn't respond to your texts, or isn't giving you interesting responses, just stop sending messages. Never send angry texts, or lash out via text.
4Respond to her texts when you get them. When she writes something, or asks you a question, respond when you have something to say. It's not good to play "hard to get" when you're texting with a girl. Just respond as soon as you see she's written something and try to have a conversation.
- If she asks you a question and you don't have an answer right away, still respond to her text. If she says, "Dinner Friday?" Write back, "Sounds fun! But let me make sure my schedule is clear. I'll get back to you later today." Don't just keep her waiting.
5Use the occasional emoji to make your intentions clear. Sometimes, your meaning can be hard to interpret, and your texts can seem overly aggressive or harsh with just the words. Most phones have a variety of emojis that you can use to help color your texts, to make them a little easier to read.
- "What are you doing?" or "Where are you?" can seem a little needy via text. But, "On the way yet? : )" is a lot more friendly.
- Emojis can be funny, but don't make them do too much of the work. If you send the devil and poop emojis simultaneously when your gf asks what you're doing, that's just weird.
6End the conversation on a high note. All conversations fizzle out. While you can comfortably share silence in person, texting requires the conversation to end. When they just kind of trail off, that can be awkward, so it's a good idea to be the one who ends the conversation on a high note.
- If you've got her laughing, say you've got to get going and make plans to talk later: "Well, I gotta go to dinner. Talk to you later?" Leave her wanting more.
Any tips on how to think of something to say?wikiHow ContributorJust tell her something that's going on at the moment, or talk about something that you know she's interested in.
What if she's not reading the text I'm sending?wikiHow ContributorShe could have turned off her texts or phone, or maybe she just doesn't want to talk to you.
- Be nice to her, of course.
- Compliment her, but make sure it's the right time. Girls generally enjoy to be complimented because it makes them feel good about themselves.
- Don't talk about other girls. It makes them feel like they are unimportant to you!
- Don't say something that is a potential argument subject.
- Try not to talk about other people. She might just want to focus on your relationship.
Sources and Citations
- ↑ http://www.datingmetrics.com/texting-girls/
- ↑ http://www.win-with-women.com/how-to-text-women/50-examples-of-what-to-text-a-girl
- ↑ https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/evolution-the-self/201210/flirt-vs-tease-whats-the-difference
- ↑ http://theartofcharm.com/flirting-and-attraction/rules-texting-girls-5-common-mistakes/
In other languages:
Deutsch: Mit deiner Freundin schreiben, Español: enviarle mensajes a tu novia, Português: Mandar Mensagens para sua Namorada, Bahasa Indonesia: Mengirim Pesan kepada Pacar Anda (untuk Pria), Français: texter sa petite amie
Thanks to all authors for creating a page that has been read 105,299 times.
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ChristianAnswers.Net WebBible Encyclopedia
Meaning: stone of help
This was the memorial stone set up by Samuel to commemorate the divine assistance to Israel in their great battle against the Philistines, whom they totally routed (1 Sam. 7:7-12) at Aphek, in the neighborhood of Mizpeh, in Benjamin, near the western entrance of the pass of Beth-horon. Ebenezer is mentioned three times in the Bible.
On this very battlefield, twenty years before, the Philistines routed the Israelites, “and slew of the army in the field about four thousand men” (4:1,2; here, and at 5:1, called “Ebenezer” by anticipation). In this extremity the Israelites fetched the ark of the covenant out of Shiloh and carried it into their camp. The Philistines a second time immediately attacked them, and smote them in a great slaughter, “for there fell of Israel thirty thousand footmen. And the ark of God was taken” (1 Sam. 4:10). And now in the same place the Philistines are vanquished, and the memorial stone is erected by Samuel (q.v.).
The spot where the stone was erected was somewhere “between Mizpeh and Shen.” Some have identified it with the modern Beit Iksa, a conspicuous and prominent position, apparently answering all the necessary conditions; others with Dier Aban, 3 miles east of 'Ain Shems.
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Prostitution Behind the Veil explores a side of Iran rarely seen or talked about. For over a year, director Nahid Persson filmed the everyday lives of two young female prostitutes in Iran as they eked out a living in a country where the profession is banned. The filmmaker often took great risks to follow Minna and Fariba as they sought out customers-men who would often marry them briefly, so as not to violate the laws of Islam by having extramarital sex. The two women are good friends and neighbor, who have experienced the widespread mistreatment of women and the double standards that permeate Iranian society today.
In the '80s, documentary filmmaker Nahid Persson fled Iran for Sweden. When she returns 17 years later, she finds the divisions between the classes greater than ever, unemployment has skyrocketed and widespread disillusionment provides a lucrative market for an elderly man, Habib, who sells prophecies on the streets. Persson decided to film this "prophecy merchant" and his customers. And when she went with him to his run-down house, she was both shocked and intrigued to discover he shares his accommodation with Minna and Fariba, who are also heroin addicts.
Putting herself at great risk, Persson manages to film Minna and Fariba's customers. She even gets into cars or apartments where they discuss what services the girls are prepared to provide and what it will cost. Their children are their constant companions, and on one occasion one customer looks after Minna's child while another man has sex with her in an adjoining room. Many of the women's customers find a way to buy sex and still comply with Muslim law: they marry with the women in what is called 'sighe'-a temporary marriage legal in Shia Islam. 'Sighe' can last from two hours up to 99 years.In the documentary, both Minna and Fariba undergo 'sighe' with customers. Habib offers his perspective on temporary marriages: to him, 'sighe' is a way of helping miserable women-an act of mercy done in the name of God. IMDb Review
Prostitution Behind the Veil is awarded as the Best News Documentary in various film festivals.
Learn the true nature of the world, come visit our huge dedicated e-library and forums @
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Wind turbine tour to be held at N.E. Tech
The Rhode Island Renewable Energy Siting Partnership, a state effort being facilitated by the University of Rhode Island, will hold a wind turbine tour on Thursday, Oct. 20, at 5 p.m. at the New England Institute of Technology turbine on 2500 Post Road, Warwick.
Participants will be able to see how a local wind turbine looks and operates, and also how it provides a source of renewable energy. The New England Tech wind turbine is 156 feet tall and the solar electric system size is 23,630 watts.
The tour is free and open to the public, but space is limited and RSVP is required. To RSVP, call Sue Kennedy at 874-6107 or email her at firstname.lastname@example.org.
For more information, visit sea grant.gso.uri.edu/resp/.
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HKEPC writes the Intel ICH9 will feature the Rapid Recover Technology and Command Based Port Multipliers.
Intel Rapid Recover Technology enables fast and easy recovery in the event of a hard drive failure. Intel Rapid Recover Technology allows the user to maintain a complete copy of their primary drive on a second hard drive, the Recovery Drive. The Recovery Drive can be updated in various user-defined scenarios. If the system hard drive fails, either from a mechanical failure or the result of a virus, recovery is as simple as booting from the Recovery Drive.
Until now Serial ATA (SATA) connectivity between drives and controllers has been an effective point-to-point relationship; a single drive connected to a single controller port via a single cable. The maximum number of drives in an array was predicated on the controller’s port count. The SATA Port Multiplier permits a change to that point-to-point relationship with the introduction of port multiplication technology which allows an up to fifteen SATA devices connection by a single cable, being cost-effective as well as expanding drive scalability to storage systems.
SATA Port Multiplier has two paradigms, command-based switching and FIS (Frame Information Structure)-based switching. Each paradigm offers unique capabilities suited for particular environments.
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Here is a recap of the largest gifts Harvard University has received:
■ $400 million, in 2015, from the billionaire hedge fund manager John A. Paulson to support the engineering school, which was renamed the Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences.
■ $350 million, in 2014, from the family charity of Hong Kong billionaire Gerald Chan, to the School of Public Health. The school was renamed the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, in honor of Gerald Chan’s late father.
■ $200 million, announced Thursday, from Ukrainian-born billionaire Len Blavatnik to the medical school. The school’s 10 academic departments in science and social science — as distinguished from the affiliated hospitals where postgraduate training takes place — will be called the Blavatnik Institute at Harvard Medical School.
■ $150 million, in 2014, from hedge fund manager Kenneth Griffin. At least $125 million was directed for undergraduate financial aid.
$125 million, 2013, from Swiss entrepreneur Hansjörg Wyss, to support a multidisciplinary bioengineering research institute that bears his name. In 2009, Wyss also donated $125 million to found the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering.
■ $100 million, 2008, from David Rockefeller. A portion of the gift was directed to fund study abroad.
Sources: news reports; Chronicle of Higher Education.
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Comparative Literature | Modern Lit and the Other Arts
C255 | 6104 | Liyan Shen
Carries Culture Studies credit and satisfies COLL A&H requirement
This is the course that takes us into the creative mind of the modern
artist, composer and poet and into the analytical mind of the critic.
In C255, we analyze works of art (painting, music and literature) of
the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries, compare how these works interrelate
and discover how they are unique. We learn what motivates the creative
personality and how such a person turns materials, sounds, silences
and language into art. We also observe how styles in the arts change
over time. Students of C255 see, hear and comprehend art in new,
exciting and discriminating ways. For example, we discover how a
musician paints a seascape, how a painter composes motion and how a
poet creates musical and visual effects in verbal expression. We also
study how the arts evolved from the 18th century, through the Romantic
era, and the early modern period. By the end of the course, the
student-through her/his own secured powers of discernment, increased
confidence and strengthened abilities of perception - will determine
what constitutes a work of art.
Requirements, Assignments and Course Activities: Visits to the IU Art
Museum. Two 3-4 page papers and one 6-8 page comparative paper.
Midterm and final exam; possible group or individual project. No
prerequisites and no previous experience in literature, painting or
music is required or expected. Attend at least three cultural events.
Required readings (subject to minor change):
Goethe, Sorrows of Young Werther
Poetry anthology, revised throughout semester (Oncourse)
Maupassant, selected short stories (oncourse or e-reserve)
Vaughan, Romanticism and Art
Other short readings to be assigned throughout the semester (check
oncourse and e-reserve and stay tuned)
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Department of Art Alumni
David Skora has been working with themes in his paintings that include ideas about mysticism, dream fragments and subconscious imagery. He is particularly interested in the imagery that appears in his paintings with no conscious thought of its creation. He calls this "intuitive painting."
Intuitive paintings have a quality like that of a distant thought or fleeting memory.
Skora says the outcome of a successful painting is always amazing for it seems as if someone else has painted the picture and he is seeing it for the first time. He feel as if the creative source had guided him, the artist, through the completed painting to reveal an inner truth.
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December 22 2008 / by Garry Golden
Category: Energy Year: Beyond Rating: 2
2008 was a big year for science breakthroughs on next generation bioenergy solutions. And that is a good thing for the future of energy.
The modern economy runs on ancient bioenergy. Coal is ancient biomass, oil is likely ancient microbes.
So why not tap the power of biology to ‘grow energy’ resources.
Forget about corn ethanol, the future taps the power of microorganisms not plants.
Next generation solutions such as algae and bacteria ‘eat’ carbon to produce biofuels, or use sunlight to produce hydrogen. Looking beyond 2015, we can imagine real breakthroughs in the field of Synthetic Biology that could change how we look at energy and carbon solutions.
List of Bioenergy Science Breakthroughs in 2008
Microbes source for Biofuels Discovered
University of Texas at Austin researchers led by Professor R. Malcolm Brown Jr. and Dr. David Nobles Jr. have created a microbe (cyanobacteria) that secrets glucose and sucrose that can be used in production of cellulosic ethanol.
Advancing Synthetic Biology and genome assembly
Craig Venter believes we can genetically engineer microbes to produce energy. His team continues to advance the notion of synthetic biology and genome assembly
UCLA researchers modify E coli to produce biofuels
UCLA researchers have engineered a synthetic biological pathway inside Ecoli bacteria to produce a next generation biofuel equivalent to gasoline.
'Super enzymes' could lower cost of biofuel production
Researchers at the US Agricultural Research Service (ARS) believe they have found one of these ‘super enzymes’ that might accelerate the commercialization of next generation cellulosic biofuels.
Patagonia fungus that produces 'diesel' fuels
A research group led by Montana State University Professor Gary Strobel has found a fungus (Gliocladium roseum) inside a Patagonia rainforest that produces hydrocarbon chains similar to diesel fuel or “myco-diesel”.
Bio Hydrogen production breakthrough – Artificial Photosynthesis
Researchers at the University of Oxford are using hydrogen producing enzymes (hydrogenase) to hydrogen from water using sunlight (artificial photosynthesis).
Research breakthrough in microbial fuel cell converts waste to energy
Researchers at the University of Minnesota-Twin Cities believe they have found a unique species of bacteria, Geobacter sulfurreducens, that can convert wastewater organic compounds into electricity using a low cost carbon (graphite) electrode.
US researchers rewarded for advancing biocatalysts
The U.S. DOE Savannah River National Laboratory has received an award for its patent-pending BioTiger™ biocatalyst that is capable of cleaning up polluted environments and enhancing recovery efforts from non-conventional hydrocarbon deposits such as Canada’s oil tar sands.
Genetically modified corn results in waste products for ethanol
Researchers at Michigan State believe they can make corn-stover ‘digest’ itself after harvest, lowering the cost of producing cellulosic ethanol from corn plant waste.
Breakthrough In Biofuel Production Process
UMass researchers have announced the first direct conversion of plant cellulose into gasoline components. UW Madison’s James Dumesic announced an integrated process for creating chemical components of jet fuel using a green gasoline approach.
Low cost catalyst that converts cellulose into ethylene glycol
Researchers in China and Delaware have developed a new nickel based catalyst that directly converts cellulose into ethylene glycol, which is used in the chemical industry.
New Method Converts Organic Matter To Hydrogen Fuel Easily And Efficiently
Penn State researchers led by Bruce E. Logan announced a breakthrough microbial electrolysis cell that produces hydrogen from sugar rich feedstocks. The process still creates 144 percent more available energy than the electrical energy used to produce
Scientists a step closer to producing fuel from bacteria
Scientists at the University of Sheffield have mapped the metabolism of a type of bacteria called Nostoc, which fixes nitrogen and releases hydrogen that can then potentially be used as fuel.
Enzyme 'Mistake' May Yield Plant Oil For Biofuel Discovery
Brookhaven scientists trying to understand the process that removes hydrogen from carbon-carbon double bonds in fatty acids, may have found an enzyme that the leads to the process.
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Leverage, the ability to borrow, is a double-edged sword. It can boost economic growth by allowing firms to invest in machinery to expand their scale of production, or by allowing people to purchase homes and cars or invest in education. During economic crises, it can play a particularly important role by providing a bridge to the economic recovery.
Most recently, amid the sharp contraction in economic activity brought on by lockdowns and social distancing practices during the COVID-19 pandemic, policymakers took actions to ensure that firms and households could continue to access credit markets and borrow to cushion the downturn. Many firms managed to limit the number of workers they had to lay off. And cash-strapped households could continue to spend on necessary items such as rent, utilities, or groceries.
However, high levels or rapid increases in leverage can represent a financial vulnerability, leaving the economy more exposed to a future severe downturn in activity or a sharp correction in asset prices. In fact, financial crises have often been preceded by rapid increases in leverage, often known as “credit booms.”
Rising leverage, before and during the COVID-19 crisis
Leverage can be measured as the ratio of the stock of debt to GDP, approximating an economy’s capacity to service its debt. Even before the COVID-19 crisis, leverage in the nonfinancial private sector—comprising households and nonfinancial firms—had been increasing steadily in many countries. From 2010–19, this sector’s global leverage rose from 138 percent to 152 percent, with leverage of firms reaching a historical high of 91 percent of GDP. Easy financial conditions in the aftermath of the global financial crisis of 2008–09 have been a key driver of the rise in leverage.
In both advanced and emerging market economies, borrowing has increased even further as a result of the policy support provided in response to the COVID-19 shock. In addition, the decline in output suffered by many countries has contributed to the increase in the debt-to-GDP ratio, and corporate leverage has risen an additional 11 percentage points of GDP through to the third quarter of 2020.
A policy dilemma
Policymakers face a dilemma. Accommodative policies (cut in policy rates in conjunction with quantitative easing to reduce firms’ and households’ borrowing costs) and the resulting favorable financial conditions have been supportive of growth but also fueled an increase in leverage. Such an increase, while needed in the short term to cushion the global economy from the devastating impact of the pandemic, may be a vulnerability that poses a risk to financial stability further down the road.
Indeed, our latest analysis provides evidence of this tradeoff.
Easing financial conditions—when investors lower their pricing of credit risk—provide a boost to economic activity in the short term. However, the easing comes with a cost. Further along in the medium term, a heightened risk of a sharp downturn arises, starting at 7-8 quarters out. This tradeoff becomes more accentuated during credit booms. That is, the near-term boost is greater, while the medium-term downside risks are also larger.
For policymakers, the question becomes how to ensure that the fledgling recovery is not endangered, while at the same time avoiding an excessive buildup of leverage.
Macroprudential policies can help
Our analysis suggests there are measures policymakers can take to resolve, or at least lessen, this dilemma. Macroprudential policies—such as setting limits on borrower eligibility, raising minimum capital, or liquidity ratios for banks—can tame buildups in nonfinancial sector leverage.
The analysis shows that, after countries tighten borrower-related tools (e.g., reducing the maximum loan-to-value ratio for mortgage borrowers), leverage for households slows. When policymakers tighten liquidity regulations on banks (e.g., raising the minimum amount of liquid assets that must be held in proportion to total assets), leverage of firms slows in response. And when policymakers in emerging markets tighten foreign currency constraints on banks (e.g., limiting their open foreign currency positions), leverage of firms slows down as well.
Importantly, macroprudential tightening can mitigate downside risk to growth, thus alleviating the key policy tradeoff. Furthermore, if policymakers loosen financial conditions via monetary policy but also concurrently tighten macroprudential tools, medium-term downside risks to economic activity can be mostly contained.
When to act
In the current context, charting a course for macroprudential tightening is not straightforward.
Many countries are experiencing a nascent recovery and broad tightening of financial conditions could hurt growth. Yet possible lags between the activation and impact of macroprudential tools call for early action. Moreover, even in the most advanced countries, the macroprudential toolkit is aimed solely at banks, while credit provision is increasingly migrating toward nonbank financial institutions.
These considerations build a strong case for policymakers to swiftly tighten macroprudential measures to tackle pockets of elevated vulnerabilities, while avoiding a general tightening of financial conditions. Policymakers will also need to urgently design new tools to address leverage beyond the banking system.
*About the authors:
- Adolfo Barajas is a Senior Economist in the Global Financial Stability Analysis Division of the Monetary and Capital Markets Department at the IMF, where his primary responsibility is to work on analytical chapters for the IMF’s semi-annual Global Financial Stability Report.
- Fabio M. Natalucci is a Deputy Director of the Monetary and Capital Markets Department. He is responsible for the Global Financial Stability Report that gives the IMF’s assessment of global financial stability risks.
Source: This article was published by IMF Blog
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Why Choose Natural Alternative® Ice Melt?
Traditional ice melter products, such as rock salt, can be very damaging to soil, waterways and plants. Many are also highly corrosive to metals and lose their melting effectiveness at only 15°F. Other common ice melters can cause severe skin burns or rashes to people and pets and can be slippery when wet.
Natural Alternative® Ice Melt does not contain high concentrations of salt, has very low corrosive activity and is safer for you and the environment. Unlike calcium chloride, Natural Alternative® Ice Melt does not get slippery when wet; therefore, reducing potential injuries from falls. So whether it is 32°F or -16°F, Natural Alternative® Ice Melt outperforms traditional ice melter products in numerous ways.
How Fast and How Long Will It Work?
It is always best to apply Natural Alternative® Ice Melt prior to snow and ice. However, as soon as it comes in contact with moisture, the product begins to form a brine (a mixture of Natural Alternative® Ice Melt and water), which acts quickly to melt ice and snow. The brine lowers the freezing point of the ground and effectively minimizes ice and snow accumulations.
Natural Alternative® Ice Melt also lasts longer than most competitive ice melter products—both in use and in storage.
Natural Alternative® Ice Melt's 4-way Blend of Powerful Ice Melters Outperforms Competitors
Angular shaped granules are screened and sized to consistently outperform spherical pellets by having more surface contact, resulting in maximum melting performance.
Doing the Right Thing
With the public's growing concern for the environment, we realize the importance of offering products that not only work great, but are safer for you and our planet. Natural Alternative® Ice Melt:
- Has been scientifically shown not to harm fish or promote algae growth
- Is listed with the Pacific Northwest Snowfighters Association (PNS) for reduced corrosion
- Requires significantly less product than rock salt
Natural Alternative® Ice Melt is a product of NaturaLawn® of America, who pioneered the breakthrough into environmentally responsible services and products in 1987 and is currently affiliated and/or has working relationships with:
- Green Hotels Association
- Professional Landcare Network (PLANET)
- Pesticide Environmental Stewardship Program (PESP)
- Chesapeake Bay Foundation
Commercial Application Instructions
- Minimum of 3 lbs. per 1,000 sq.ft. covers 15,000 sq. ft.
- Maximum of 8 lbs. per 1,000 sq. ft. covers 6,000 sq. ft.
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Définissez votre emplacement
Located right next to the picturesque Professorville neighborhood, the Palo Alto Junior Museum & Zoo has been a reliable source of family fun since 1934, when it was established as the first children's museum west of the Mississippi. The zoo houses around 200 species of animals, including snakes, reptiles, tortoises, sharks, raccoons, bats, a red-tailed hawk and two bobcats. A total of 14 hands-on museum exhibits are designed to educate children about physics, earth science and math. It is also a popular destination for field trips and birthday parties.
The Palo Alto Children's Theatre is run by the City of Palo Alto as part of the Lucie Stern Community Center. The program began in 1932 as part of the Mayor's Committee for Unemployment Relief. Today, the theater is both a performance venue and educational space for young people aged from four to 24 to enjoy and learn about theater arts. During the summer, the theater runs an outdoor series entitled Hot Dog Suppertime Shows, where families can enjoy an hour-long show and bring a picnic or purchase hot dogs and other barbecue items. Their shows appeal to a wide variety of audiences, from young to old, musical or dramatic. Past productions have included Hansel and Gretel, Charlotte's Web, Lord of the Flies, and You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown. For information about current shows, call the box office or check their website.
Founded in 1990 from the private collection of Frank Livermore, the Museum of American Heritage is housed in the historic Williams House, a 1907 Craftsman-style home right across from scenic Heritage Park. The museum's exhibits display technology and inventions from the 19th and 20th Centuries in an era-appropriate setting. Special exhibits rotate through the gallery several times a year highlighting certain historical artifacts, from toasters to toys. The museum also offers children's summer camps and several special events throughout the year. Another plus: admission is free, though donations are welcome and appreciated. For your tiny tots the Lego Exhibit is worth a watch, there is also a pretty garden at the back of the museum. A visit to Museum of American Heritage will make you ponder over how life used to be 100 years ago.
Located in Central Palo Alto, Garden Court Hotel offers contemporary guest rooms with GLink iPhone and Android docking stations. A state-of-the-art fitness centre is located on site. The campus of Stanford University is just 6 minutes’ drive away. Guest rooms at Garden Court Hotel feature HDTVs and an in-room safe. Guests can enjoy the fully stocked minibar and 24-hour ice service. A private balcony is offered in all rooms. Garden Court features coffee, tea and breakfast pastry service in the lobby each morning. Guests will also appreciate evening afternoon sweets and evening port services. Guests can also dine at Il Fornaio, the Italian restaurant located within the hotel. In-room massage can be arranged through the concierge service. The concierge can also arrange restaurant reservations and private car service. Stanford Shopping Center is 7 minutes’ drive away from the property. Silicon Valley and businesses such as Google are 15 minutes’ drive away.
Bell's Books is a family-owned bookstore in Palo Alto that's been passed down from generation to generation. Lot of people will tell you that this bookstore is a treasure. If you love reading or you are a book collector, this is definitely a place to go and stay for hours. Do not expect to find People Magazine or the latest New York Times best-seller; this store only sells used books. They offer an important selection of antique books and historic documents.
Located adjacent to Stanford University in Palo Alto, this Silicon Valley hotel features on-site dining and a modern fitness centre. All guest rooms offer a flat-screen cable TV. An iPod docking station and coffee machine with gourmet coffee are provided in each guest room at Westin Palo Alto. A spacious en suite bathroom with plush bathrobes, premium toiletries and separate bathtub and shower is included. Restaurant Soleil serves California cuisine. The Luna Lounge features a full bar, extensive wine list and specialty cocktails. An outdoor heated pool and landscaped courtyards are available for guest relaxation. Local running and walking guides are available. Stanford Medical Center and Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital are within 2 miles of the Palo Alto Westin. Mineta San Jose International Airport is 19 miles away.
Winter Lodge is the only permanent outdoor ice skating rink west of the Sierras and has been open since 1956. Open from September to April, the skating rink is a great holiday destination or weekend activity for kids and adults alike. There is one mid-sized outdoor rink and another, smaller rink indoors. Come by during the day for all-ages skating or come by at night for adults-only skating (perfect for a date). Inside the lodge, fireplaces and a hot chocolate vending machine provide a warm welcome to visitors. Skating lessons are also available.
Located 4.8 km from Stanford University, this boutique hotel boasts a rooftop lap pool and a spa with a steam room. It features an on-site restaurant. All rooms offer a 42-inch flat-screen TV. Guest rooms at Four Season Hotel Silicon Valley at East Palo Alto include a DVD/CD player with access to a DVD/CD library. Each spacious room is equipped with a full marble bathroom with a relaxing deep soaking tub. Views of the San Francisco Bay Area or the Santa Cruz Mountains are featured from guest rooms. Offering indoor or outdoor dining, Quattro restaurant is located at East Palo Alto Four Seasons Hotel. The restaurant serves light, contemporary cuisine for breakfast, lunch, and dinner and features 24-hour in-room service. Adjacent to the restaurant, The Bar offers cocktails and various snacks with indoor or outdoor lounge seating. A 24-hour business centre and multilingual concierge services are available to guests of Four Seasons Hotel. If they prefer, guests can visit the on-site spa and wellness centre, which offers body and massage therapy, facials, manicures and pedicures. A 24-hour fitness centre is also available. Stanford Shopping Center is 4.8 km from this hotel. California’s Great America amusement park is 15 minutes’ drive away. San Francisco International Airport is 32 km from Four Season Hotel.
The EcoCenter is managed by the Environmental Volunteers, a non-profit institution that spreads awareness about science and nature among the general public. Acting as the headquarters of this organization, the EcoCenter has been constructed using non-toxic and recycled material, green design principles and eco-friendly practices. This center has interactive exhibits and touchscreen displays through which visitors can learn about climate change, the sky and earth. It conducts tours of the building to educate visitors about sustainable methods of construction and maintenance and also conducts numerous summer camps, classroom and school programs. Boasting of some of the best educational activities in Palo Alto for kids and adults alike, the themes covered include bird watching, hiking, programs and lectures on nature art and natural sciences as well as research training in which visitors generate data that actually helps scientists. Nature lovers can also volunteer at this center or donate money to support its endeavors.
Decorated in Asian decor, The Zen Hotel is hotel located in Palo Alto, California. This eco-friendly hotel provides free WiFi and a gym, while rooms include iPod docking stations. Each room at The Zen Hotel is furnished with coffee facilities, a microwave and a refrigerator. Guest rooms include flat-screen cable TVs. Stanford University is 3.7 miles from The Hotel Zen. The hotel is nestled in the Southern San Francisco Bay area and is 10.6 miles drive from Levi's Stadium.
The famous Computer History Museum in Mountain View, California was established in 1996. The museum is extraordinary with a huge collection of artifacts and documents related to computer technology. It is an eclectic collection of pictures, films, objects and documents and it is interesting to visit and learn about this fascinating evolution of computer technology.
This is just the place to take your kids to, especially if they are interested in nature. For adults, it serves as a wake-up call and induces a desire to act towards preserving natural resources. The museum focuses on global environment and conservation, while the programs incline towards awareness of environmental concerns. Children can have fun at the workshops, where they learn how to make their homes eco-friendly. Follow it up with a cheerful lunch in the museum's picnic grounds. Those younger than three and teachers with a valid ID can get in for free. The first Wednesday of each month is free for all.
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Papaver nudicaule ssp. aurantiacum (DC.) Fedde
Perennial, sometimes densely tufted herb, hairy with simple somewhat stiff setose hairs; rootstock scaly or covered with somewhat sheathing leaf bases of older fallen leaves. Scapes 10-40 cm long, 1-flowered usually bristly or densely hairy with whitish to dark brown (rarely blackish), 1.5-2 mm long hairs. Leaves rosulate, radical only, somewhat glaucous, bristly or ciliate, (3-) 5-10 (-15) cm long, (1-) 2-3 (-4.5) cm broad, usually pinnately 3-lobed with stalk about as long or longer than the lamina; lobes usually pinnatifid; terminal lobe somewhat larger than the lateral ones, often 3-lobulate; secondary lobes oblong, short, usually acute, up to 10 mm long and 2(-3) mm broad. Flowers (1.5-) 2-4 (-6) cm in diam., yellowish, orange or reddish-orange (rarely whitish with yellowish base). Flower bud (6-) 8-12 (-14) mm long, 5-8 (-10) mm broad, ovoid-orbicular or suborbicular, densely hairy with dark brown, somewhat stiff and sub-appressed hairs; sepals concave, caducous. Petals obovate to suborbicular (10-) 12-15 (-20) mm long, and usually about as broad. Stamens many; filaments about as long as the ovary, linear; anthers about 2 mm long, oblong. Capsule ± oblong or obovate-oblong to oblong-globose, usually roughly hairy or setose, c. 15 (-20) mm long, 7(-10) mm broad; stigmatic disc about as broad or slightly broader than the capsule, with 8 ridges or rays somewhat channelled and exceeding the disc-circle; setae generally borne on the longitudinal ridges of the capsule wall; pores 8, alternating with the ridges; seeds very small.
Type: Siberia, Herb. Linn. no. 669/5 (LINN).
Distribution: N. & C. Asia, W. Pakistan and Afghanistan; introduced elsewhere.
A very variable species, especially in size and colour of flower. It appears that the smaller plants have smaller leaves and smaller flowers, i.e. the variation is an overall quantitative and separation of taxa on such characters are of doubtful value. Flower colour also varies from pale yellowish to yellow, orange or saffron colour, and this character is also of uncertain taxonomic importance. As a matter of fact, section Scapiflora Rchb., of Kom., Fl. URSS. (reprint ed.) 7: 1963, including some 22 species., needs a critical check up, and perhaps some species of this section are just variants of Papaver nudicaule L., as Popov himself has admitted. The leaf character, pinnatisect with 3 lobes, each lobe often distinctly pinnatifid or pinnatipartite with at least 3 distinct secondary segments, is a fairly constant character throughout the range of the species. Stigmate disc also seem to be a very cosntant character, but the fruit shape is somewhat variable, and the setae seems to be invariably dense on fruits, in our plants.
Popov (in Kom., l.c 603) considered Papaver nudicaule predominantly a central and North Asian species and Papaver croceum primarily Himalo-Altaian and Sino-Japanese. The differences of flower colour (yellow and orange respectively) and leaf segmentation (narrow and somewhat broader respectively) between the 2 species, seem to disintegrate after examining large number of specimens from our area. However, the whole complex needs a thorough study with adequate material from its entire range.
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2. Which is more important for your organization: a. Lower cost, quality, customer expectations, or b. Some other feature? Why?
3. Is the market system the best kind of economic system for businesses to operate in? Why or why not? What role, if any, should the government play in affecting the supply and demand of a key commodity such as gasoline or electricity? Explain.
1. How does your organization go about estimating its sales? How does it estimate the demand for new products so that it can prepare a production run?
Various factors affecting the Market demand:
- Past patterns of sales
- Estimates made by the sales force
- General economic conditions
- Competitors' actions
- Changes in the firm's prices
- Changes in product mix
- Market research studies
- Advertising and sales promotion plans
One should also take care of following key concepts and principles:
Market forecast: Only one level of industry marketing expenditure will actually occur. The marketing demand corresponding to this level is called market forecast.
Market Potential: is the limit approached by the market demand as industry marketing expenditure approaches infinity, for a given environment. The phrase for a given environment is crucial in the concept of marketing potential. Consider the market potential for the airlines in the period of recession versus a period of prosperity. In the prosperity the market potential is higher.
Total Market Potential = Number of buyers in the specific market under the given assumptions * quantity purchased by an average buyer * price of an average unit.
The various ways of estimating market demand are:
1. Historical Sales figures
2. Forecasting current Demand by regression analysis, trend analysis
3. Estimating Industry growth
4. Estimating Economy's growth
Estimation of total sales= No. of expected buyer*quantity purchased by an average buyer*price of an average unit
Estimation of demand for new product
We will use forecasting tools to estimate the demand for new product. Forecasting is an essential tool in any decision making process. There are various techniques of forecasting:
Qualitative techniques involve primarily judgment, and quantitative, involving primarily historical data and mathematical models.
Qualitative techniques rely on judgment, intuition, and subjective evaluation. Among the major techniques within this category are market research (surveys), Delphi (panel consensus), historical analogy, and management estimation (guess).
Company Sales Forecast: is the expected level of company sales based on a chosen marketing plan and an assumed marketing environment. One can use the Time series and regression analysis to do sales forecast:
I Time series
Time series is one of the quantitative methods we use to determine patterns in data collected over time. Time series analysis is used to detect pattern of change in statistical information over regular intervals of time. We project these patterns to arrive at estimate for the future. Thus times series helps us cope with uncertainty about the future. There are four kinds of changes in time series analysis:
Secular trend: The value of variable tends to increase or decrease over a long period of time. The steady increase in cost of ...
The various ways of estimating market demand are included.
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(1776–1844), ‘Carson of Tobermore’. Born in Co. Tyrone and educated at Glasgow, Carson was Presbyterian minister at Tobermore, Co. Londonderry, until 1804, when he broke away to form his own independent congregation. In 1827 he joined the Baptists, and became one of their most eminent preachers and controversialists.
From The Oxford Companion to Irish History in Oxford Reference.
Subjects: European History.
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2017 is finally here. And like many this time of year, you may be looking ahead and setting goals to live a healthier lifestyle. But with a growing exposure to pollution, processed foods, and toxins, your liver can get overburdened, making it difficult to get your health back on track. Thankfully, a great way to support your liver and take better care of yourself is to support your body’s detoxification processes. So, if your New Year’s plans include losing excess weight, boosting your energy, or getting fit, here are five ways a detox will help you see your resolution through. Read more
Find out about the latest SierraSil news and updates at our blog including nutrition and wellness tips here. Check out our supplement line as well today!
How is your commitment to your New Year’s resolutions? Some individuals tend to lose steam and momentum at the mid-month mark because they take on too many goals or change their schedule entirely in order to achieve certain goals, for example going to the gym 3-5 times a week or following a restrictive diet. If you find yourself slowing down or wanting to throw in the towel, here are some tips to get you through the rough patches and come out thriving.
Take small steps
If you want to implement a new fitness or nutrition regimen, start small. It is the small things we do in life that make the biggest differences. You don’t lose weight overnight nor do you gain the strength to complete a race. It’s about starting small, adjusting along the way and implementing good habits everyday over a period of time. If you don’t see positive results right away, don’t give up, know that every step you take is leading you towards your ultimate goal. Read more
If you suffer from joint discomfort, exercising can be difficult. Some think exercising increases discomfort and it’s best to avoid putting any additional pressure on the joints. But the opposite is true. If you don’t use it, you lose it. Exercising can help ease stiffness, improve joint movement, strengthen muscles and maintain bone density. Even slight movements can help pump the blood to the joints, lubricate the joints and strengthen the muscles to protect the joints. When you don’t work out, that is when the discomfort increases and arthritis worsens. However, keep in mind that prolonged and intense workouts may worsen the discomfort and inflammation.
When implementing a regular exercise regimen, avoid strenuous activity, listen to your body and incorporate light activities. If you are just starting out, aquatic exercises may be a great place to start. Aquatic workouts help relieve pressure of your body’s weight on the affected joints, while providing resistance for your muscles to get stronger. You can even do aquatic exercise if you don’t know how to swim. Other light activities may include jogging, walking, light weights and stretching (yoga, Pilates, or Tai Chi). If you are uncertain which type of exercise is best for you, consult with your health care provider. Read more
Video Transcript Hi, my name is Carolyn Berry and I’m a registered dietitian here in Vancouver BC. I am passionate about being a dietitian because I feel there is so much information going around about nutrition. There’s lots of myths and I really like to debunk those myths. I think that’s really important. I do […]
Video Transcript The passion that I have for sports medicine has been there for a long time. As a young child, grade one, I had polio and I went through extensive rehabilitation. Then just as I was getting over that into junior high school, I got hit by a car and had a fractured dislocation […]
Video Transcript My career has been most at UBC. I’ve trained at UBC in medicine and internal medicine, rheumatology, and then I became faculty whereupon I became head of rheumatology at UBC and also St. Paul’s and VGH. My career is mainly seeing patients, but also teaching and doing research at the Arthritis Research Canada, […]
Video Transcript You need realistic goals. I’ll be turning fifty in a year and a year and half time and I’m already looking at trying to break the Canadian records of fifty. I think with realistic goals it’s much easier to do, and the fact is I have a good training group that I run […]
Video Transcript Hello, I’m Dr. Bal Pawa. I’m the co-founder of Westcoast Women’s Clinic, an integrative medical clinic, specializing in hormonal health. We have a reputation in this community for about fifteen years. We pioneered the clinic, we were one of the first in BC. Women come to us because we are MDs who look […]
Being perfect at yoga moves, or even just being good at it, is perhaps not really what is required to get the most of yoga. Your yoga is improving not when your poses get better, but when your life gets better. So even if you feel terrible at the most basic poses, there also comes an unexpected benefit of being the worst person in yoga class. No need to be embarrassed or upset about it, just get back up and try again. Why not start focusing on how your body feels, and on what it is telling you?
Read the entire article here:
It’s easy to forget about posture when you’re too occupied doing with every day activities. Poor posture results from certain muscles tightening up. It places increased stress and strain on the body, making it function less efficiently and predisposing it to injury. Anyone who spends hours each day at a desk is likely to sit hunched over. Don’t turn yourself into the Hunchback of Notre Dame. Better posture is only one super simple stretch away. The right strength exercises and stretches can have a dramatic impact on your posture and on your day-to-day energy levels.
Read the entire article:
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In recent times there happens to be a lot of buzz going around in the crypto industry and beyond regarding non-fungible tokens or assets. This particular variety of digital assets is predicted to initiate a lot of positive changes across sectors as cryptocurrency gears up for an extended bull run. NFTs have been bringing valued assets into the blockchain periphery via a wide range of industries such as real estate, gaming, art, media, and more.
Most people have become familiar with the concept of blockchain, the foundation to crypto, NFTs, CBDCs, and likewise. It was the launch of Bitcoin the put the spotlight on the blockchain, which promotes the removal of a centralized architecture, be it the government or organization, controlling an entire network through a single main server. Blockchain is the exact opposite of that structure, where it operates on a decentralized architecture across several computers or servers.
These computers verify and authenticate the transactions by cracking complex mathematical equations. Blockchain operates across a network or consortium model where the stakeholders have to come to a consensus to validate a transaction. Only then can it be recorded in a block, which is virtually immutable. The computers use the data from the past transaction to verify the ongoing one, which means that every transaction has identical hashes making it almost impossible to alter, modify, hack, or delete.
Every tokenized asset on a blockchain has distinguishable and unique attributes. Being different from each other non-fungible assets cannot be interchangeable, which kind of explains the term. Just like the real assets, these come with proof of authenticity and verifiable ownership records. NFTs differ from cryptos as these use varied token standards, deploying different types of smart contracts. The recent rise in popularity of NFT has initiated the development of a new kind of virtual economy that changes how realtors, gamers, and art enthusiast transact leveraging the assets.
If we draw a comparison of concepts between the fungible and non-fungible tokens, then from an economic perspective, fungible assets can be interchanged with another form of asset or goods, for a similar value. For instance, gold is a fungible asset. The value of 1 kilo of 24-carat gold in a country will be the same in another. Cryptocurrencies are fungible assets.
While non-fungible assets have been in existence for a long, the non-fungible tokens have risen to prominence recently after the world became obsessed with CryptoKitties. It is an online game that allows one to collect, sell, and breed virtual kittens or cats. Each CryptoKitty has unique genetic identification that is created by the Genetic Algorithm. The rule here is that no two kittens can be similar. Crypto Kitty initiated the trend of creating NFTs in the gaming industry in the form of in-game assets. The trending of CryptoKitties followed by heavy tokenization within the gaming industry has contributed to the mass adoption of digital assets.
The gaming industry at present has the most active use cases for non-fungible tokens. But the other industries are not far behind. They are gradually integrating tokenization of assets and blockchain within their existing architecture. As the mainstream adoption of blockchain accelerates, the use of NFTs is becoming a secondary on-ramp to the new users within the crypto domain.
1. Gaming Industry:
For years the gaming industry has created virtual economies within a game’s ecosystem and has been a staple in games like the Fortnite and World of Warcraft. In-game collectibles, currencies, and marketplaces are central to these games leveraging which the gamers level up and progress through the game. The prominent gaming accounts are a great commodity for those who do not want to spend time or effort to unlock the bonus gaming features. Due to that, there is an expanding unregulated market for such accounts.
Blockchain-based gaming and the use of NFTs allows the players to trade in-game collectibles securely while providing authenticity and validation to the players. It also facilitates the trading of rare items openly in exchange for fiat in a safe and secure gaming ecosystem. NFTs offer a great solution for the virtual ownership of rare and unique gaming collectibles, allowing the generation of revenue by leveraging the user’s gaming skills.
Users are also allowed to participate in the governance to make decisions on future developments in a game. It provides users with an opportunity to create their very own virtual world, operating the same within verifiable gaming marketplaces.
The sports industry suffers a lot due to counterfeit merchandise and tickets, which blockchain can help in eliminating. The immutability of blockchain prevents counterfeit collectibles and tickets, with the help of tokenized game tickets getting issued on the blockchain network. This is a great use case for non-fungible tokens. Each game ticket might be similar, but each will hold unique identifiable information connecting it with the designated owner on the blockchain. Sports NFTs have gained recent popularity with prominent athletes becoming tokenized assets on the blockchain, and their value getting determined by how the perform. There is ongoing work on turning merchandise into NFTs allowing the owner to register and verify the official merchandise as theirs.
3. Real Estate
This happens to be the most interesting project for tokenization, where the property is getting tokenized in a blockchain platform. A single property is fractionalized into multiple assets that can be purchased by investors on a blockchain-based exchange allowing people to own a part of a property. Tokenization of real estate allows for seamless transactions when one is buying or selling the house, eliminating any third-party intermediary, preventing any kind of conflict over the ownership of land or estate.
Blockchain provides provenance, which is proof of ownership and origin of the art pieces. Digital artists find it increasingly difficult to copyright of their artwork. The use of NFTs can enable one to buy a work of art and showcase it within a digital space, being fully aware of the history of the asset, such as artist name, date of creation, list of other owners, and value of the asset throughout its lifecycle. It will also allow the artists to get better payment for their work through the elimination of brokers by initiating P2P payments.
After reviewing it all, we can claim that the non-fungible tokens are creating a strong foundation for blockchain and crypto adoption, with a broad spectrum of use cases aiding industries to save money on counterfeit products, copyright issues, while helping people safeguard their data and privacy.
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Astronaut Reid Wiseman has provided one of the most spectacular Vines you are ever likely to see after recording the dramatic storms over Texas from above the Earth's atmosphere.
Earlier this month Wiseman posted the first ever Vine from space as he worked on the International Space Station (ISS).
"1st Vine from space! Single Earth orbit. Sun never sets flying parallel w/terminator line," he explained in the clip.
Busy skies over western Europe today. Wow. pic.twitter.com/8nhrqmZ6xK— Reid Wiseman (@astro_reid) June 27, 2014
This captures the odd double horizon of sunsets viewed from above. pic.twitter.com/esYGEQ7pKW— Reid Wiseman (@astro_reid) June 26, 2014
Amazing lightning storms over Malaysia pic.twitter.com/JpQgNgjQrP— Reid Wiseman (@astro_reid) June 25, 2014
While most people use Twitter and Vine to share pictures of their food or their friends, Wiseman uses them to provide truly breathtaking images of our world from the heavens.
Fellow astronaut Chris Hadfield went viral last year after he recorded a video of himself singing a cover version of David Bowie's Space Oddity from the ISS.
Between Hadfield and Wiseman we have to ask the question; is anyone doing any work up on the International Space Station?
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Thursday, December 15, 2011
Shocking Truth About 'All-American Muslim' Star, and Lowe's Good Call
by Walid Shoebat and Ben Barrack
So you're watching a soccer game in Dearborn, Mich., between al-Tadamon and Chelsea, a game that was advertised in public leaflets and on the Arab-American website. It was dedicated to something termed “The Day of Jerusalem.” The thought of incorporating such a slogan into promotional material about a sporting event puzzles you. What is this Day of Jerusalem all about? Later, you discover that the game was hosted by Husham Al-Husainy—the main spiritual leader of the Karbala Center in Dearborn—who was thanked by Samir Al-Jabiri and Mohammed Ali al-Hasani, who said the victory was “dedicated to honor the souls of the martyrs of Jerusalem and al-Aqsa.”
These are clearly terrorists who murder civilians. Such a dedication should spawn outrage, but it did not.
The sound of silence in response to such a thing echoed throughout Dearborn's Muslim community. Why did no one object to such hatred, religious bigotry and open support for terrorism?
Husham Al-Husainy is not just the imam at Dearborn's Karbala Center. He is also featured in "All-American Muslim," which airs on The Learning Channel (TLC). In the program, Al-Husainy is seen presiding over marriages within Muslim families in Dearborn, whose day-to-day lives are portrayed as they interact in English.
When Sean Hannity attempted to extract a confession from Al-Husainy, a double-speaking Slick Willy, Al Husainy, repeatedly refused to denounce Hezbollah. Americans were left to wonder whether he had decided to plead the Fifth, which involves no incrimination. Conversely, when people such as Al-Husainy have their Arabic translated into English, those same Americans are struck with both shock and awe. Open declarations of public support for Hezbollah are made to millions, but are done so in Arabic, of course.
Al-Husainy is a signatory to the Jerusalem Document of 2009, which reads more like Mein Kampf. It refers to the war on Zionism as a war between “good and evil.” Zionism is considered an “aggression” that is infecting “the entire human race.” Muslims are told to “get ready for the Holy Jihad.”
If one is inclined to believe this is the “struggle within” version of jihad, the reading of the following phrase after translation should prompt a reevaluation:
"We remind our sons to get ready to carry out their duty in Holy Jihad and continue the path which our young valiant men in Hezbollah began in Southern Lebanon.”
This message was not given to Muslims in Lebanon, but is “essential for the Iraqi community living in the Diaspora,” which includes Dearborn. Several of the top Muslim leaders in the U.S. endorsed this document, including Fadhel Al-Sahlani, the official representative of Iraq’s leading Shia religious authority, and Muhammad Zaki al-Souajh, who was the leading imam of the Muslim community in Houston, Tex., for several years, along with Murtada Qazwini.
It is not just about the dog that the Catholic convert to Islam in "All-American Muslim" had to get rid of because his new Muslim family could not tolerate dogs, which are considered unclean in the Islamic culture. The document also refers to completely ridding the world of Zionism:
“The struggle between good and evil is not measured by a generation. It does not circulate on a specific land. Jerusalem is an Islamic destiny that stems from ancient history into the future indebted to 1/5 of humanity. What it suffers from Zionist aggression does not only encompass the Palestinian borders but the entire human race. It is time for the nations concerned which have influence, that is the U.S. and all its allies, to reconsider their position regarding Zionist aggression.”
The cancer of Zionism does not only concentrate on the Palestinian-Israeli conflict, but is considered an infection within “the entire human race.”
If Americans question my translation from Arabic, "All-American Muslim" Al-Husainiy lets a few words slip in English while appearing to make the point that evil exists in “every nationality” before speaking broadly about the Zionists and equating them with Timothy McVeigh and Jeffrey Dahmer:
“In America, there is Timothy McVeigh ... he's evil. Jeffrey Dahmer... he cut the heads off of children and put it in the refrigerator ... he's a criminal. Saddam, he's a criminal, killing innocent people. So many Zionists in Palestine, killing innocent people.”
Perhaps a nuanced show consisting of the real American Muslim at the Karbala Center would have provided a more accurate portrayal of beliefs—political aspirations and all—including the black cloaks that cover each woman entirely, save for a small portion of the face—a far cry from the decorative attire that appears on the television show. No one would object if the show included the photos taken inside the center with men participating in self-flagellation, repetitively whipping and scourging themselves with self-inflicted abuse to memorialize the killing of the Prophet Muhammad's grandson, Imam Hussein, by the Sunni Muslims.
What they do not tell you on the show is that most of these Muslim families are primarily of the Shia sect. Indeed, these individuals denounce Al-Qaeda, not primarily for carrying out 9/11, but for its connection to Saudi Wahhabists, who were behind destroying Shia national monuments in Samarra. Americans do not understand the link, and this is why Al-Husainy speaks against the Wahhabists for being the instrument of terrorism “against the Shia.” He is continually seen identifying Al-Saud as a “shame to the world,” and contending that “Arabs are Kaffirs” (a derogatory term for non-Muslims), referring to them as “the residue of Zionism who reject the birth of Jesus and the awaited Mahdi [prophesied redeemer of Islam].”
Do all Muslims and Arabs practice doublespeak and have an agenda? Hardly. Nadia Mahdeed from AlSharq Al-Awsat (Middle East News) entered the Karbala Center to interview Al-Husainy. She was struck by how many people approached her for not adhering to the dress code:
“I was not wearing a black sheet that women who came to prayer are supposed to wear.”
Mahdeed then relayed what she was told by worshipers:
“The people who came to pray all told me that they have no trust in America. I am amazed since they all enjoyed living in it.”
When she interviewed Al-Husainy, she said to him:
“Your followers insisted I mention to you that they hate Saddam Hussein, but that they also have no trust in America.”
Al-Husainy, a master of political rhetoric, cleverly replied by adding the word "policy," thereby softening the claim:
“Not many of us trust in the American policy.”
Indeed, doublespeak artists live by double standards. As if underscoring the reality that Al-Husainy only wanted to convey a peaceful perception while seeming to support something else entirely, the conflict between the two was not lost on Mahdeed:
“Despite his gracefulness, when I walked out of there, my mind was charged with the slogans of war, not the tranquility of peace that is supposed to exist inside such a place.”
Lowe's Home Improvement, which has found itself at the center of controversy for pulling its advertising from "All-American Muslim," is right. It is behaving as Americans ought to, engaged in a righteous struggle with the outcries of so-called all-American Muslims unleashing their only sanctioned dog—CAIR. The Council on American-Islamic Relations swiftly acted as the Muslim ACLU, barking out attacks of “racism” and “bigotry,” with threats from Rep. Chris Murphy (D.-Conn.) indicating he and other House members would be sending a letter to Lowe’s on the issue.
Democratic Senators Barbra Boxer (Calif.), Chuck Schumer (N.Y.) and Dick Durbin (Ill.), hardly right-wing hawks, all have said that CAIR is closely connected to terrorism.
So is Al-Husainy of TLC's All American Muslim.
To read a related article, click here.
Posted by Brett at 11:44 AM
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English translation of ढर्रा
ढर्राPowered by COBUILD /dharra/
Definitions and Translations
mn/dharra, dharrA, dharraa, dharrā, dhrra, dhrrA, dhrraa, dhrrā, Dharra, DharrA, Dharraa, Dharrā, Dhrra, DhrrA, Dhrraa, Dhrrā, ḍharra, ḍharrA, ḍharraa, ḍharrā, ḍhrra, ḍhrrA, ḍhrraa, ḍhrrā/
1. rut countable noun
If someone is in a rut, they have become fixed in their way of thinking and doing things, and find it difficult to change.
⇒ I don't like being in a rut - I like to keep moving on.
2. way plural noun
The ways of a particular person or group of people are their customs or their usual behaviour.
⇒ She will never change her ways.
Copyright © 2014 by HarperCollins Publishers. All rights reserved.
Translation of ढर्रा from the Collins Hindi to English Dictionary
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Birmingham Breach of Fiduciary Duty Attorney
Breach of duty can happen in many parts of life. A consumer may take out a loan and fail to pay it back. A general contractor may not follow through on a contract to build a house.
These breaches can also happen in business contexts. They may involve a fiduciary, which is a person placed in a relationship of trust. These breaches of duty can lead to serious legal issues and lost revenues. Seek legal help from a Birmingham breach of fiduciary duty litigation attorney.
What is a Fiduciary Relationship?
A fiduciary relationship may involve one of these situations:
- When there is a specific relationship that involves fiduciary duties (such as lawyer and a client or a stockbroker and a customer)
- When one person places trust in another person, who gains influence over the first person as a result
- When one person assumes responsibility over another
- When one person has a duty to give advice to another on matters within the scope of the relationship
Elements of Breach of Fiduciary Duty
Breach of fiduciary duty occurs when someone is obligated to act in the interests of another person but fails to do so. There are four elements that must be proven in order to file lawsuit for monetary damages:
- Duty. There must be a special relationship of trust between two parties, such as a trustee and beneficiary, an employee and employer, or an attorney and client.
- Breach. It must be proven that one party did something contrary to the other party’s interests, therefore violating their duty.
- Causation. It must be proven that the breach of duty caused you to suffer damages.
- Damages. There must be losses involved in order to recover damages.
Examples of Breach of Fiduciary Duty
Breach of fiduciary duty can happen in the following relationships:
- Agents and principals. These breaches often occur in an employment relationship. An employee may breach their duty to an employer if they refuse to follow directions, share trade secrets, act in the interest of a competitor, or profit at the employer’s expense.
- Partners. Partners have a duty to act in the best interests of their company. Common breaches of duty include illegal behavior, negligence, mismanaging company assets, and counseling important information from others.
- Board of directors. A board of directors has a duty to make decisions on behalf of the company. They breach this duty when they prevent shareholders from voting, refuse to pay dividends, deny shareholders access to records, and force out minority shareholders.
Contact a Birmingham Breach of Fiduciary Duty Litigation Lawyer Today
Trust is important in business relationships. When someone breaches a contract or refuses to act in a moral or legal manner, it can result in fraud, lost revenue, and more.
If your business has suffered from a breach of fiduciary duty, the Birmingham lawyers at Goldasich, Vick & Fulk can help you file a lawsuit to protect your interests. Schedule a free consultation by calling (205) 731-2566.
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What to do if an elderly person needs help?
What to do if an elderly person needs help?
In-home caregiving help – whether you hire privately or go through a home care agency, hired caregivers take care of seniors in their home. Assisted living communities – if your parent isn’t able to live on their own or needs 24/7 care, assisted living and other senior housing options might be the right choice.
What kind of help do elderly need?
5 Tasks Seniors Need Help With the Most
- What Does It Mean When 20 Percent of Seniors Say They Need Help With Daily Tasks?
- “Some Seniors Need an Average of 200 Hours of Care a Month”
- 1) Mobility.
- 2) Medication.
- 3) Transportation.
- 4) Personal Care.
- 5) Nutrition.
What are signs that an elderly needs assistance?
Changes in Behavior and Mental Status
- Lack of drive or motivation.
- Loss of interest in hobbies and activities.
- Difficulty keeping track of time.
- Failure to return phone calls to friends and family members.
- Changes in mood or extreme mood swings.
- Increased agitation.
- Verbally or physically abusive behaviors.
Who do I call if I’m worried about an elderly person?
If you’re very concerned about someone’s health or welfare but don’t think it’s an emergency, call 111 for NHS advice, 24 hours a day. In other situations you can contact the local council in the area where the person lives and raise an ‘adult safeguarding’ concern.
What is elderly self neglect?
Elder self-neglect is a global public health and human rights issue that threatens older people’s health and safety. It commonly refers to refusal or failure to provide oneself with care and protection in areas of food, water, clothing, hygiene, medication, living environments, and safety precautions.
Why do elderly need special care?
Why is elderly care important? Ageing cannot be prevented, but we can learn how to deal with arising conditions for great health of our loved ones. Most health concerns for the elderly are memory loss, dementia and Alzheimer’s disease among others.
How can you tell when an elderly person is dying?
Signs that the body is actively shutting down are:
- abnormal breathing and longer space between breaths (Cheyne-Stokes breathing)
- noisy breathing.
- glassy eyes.
- cold extremities.
- purple, gray, pale, or blotchy skin on knees, feet, and hands.
- weak pulse.
- changes in consciousness, sudden outbursts, unresponsiveness.
When should I be concerned about my elderly parent?
Consider being worried if your aging parents are losing weight unexpectedly. This can indicate physical health issues or, more likely, memory issues. If you are able to, check the refrigerator the next time you visit.
How do you report concern for the elderly?
The NSW Elder Abuse Helpline & Resource Unit (EAHRU) The Helpline is available Monday to Friday, 8.30 am to 5 pm. Call 1800 628 221. Any- one can make the call.
How do you test an elderly person?
Asking for a Wellness Check For people wondering how to do a welfare check on elderly persons, it’s really quite simple. It’s possible to request welfare checks on someone by contacting your local authorities. Or if the person you’re checking up on is in another state, you’d contact their local authorities.
Can you force an elderly person to go to the hospital?
The truth is that a person who is of sound mind has the right to refuse medical treatment. This means that family caregivers cannot force their loved ones to seek out or receive medical treatments, even if doing so would improve their health and quality of life.
How can you help elderly?
Here are some tips in taking care of the elderly: When the patient or an elderly person has difficulties holding the spoon while eating, you’ll usually help in holding the spoon to make the patient eat easily. But as much as possible, don’t help. Instead, just assist in holding the plate or cup.
What do seniors want most?
Here’s what senior citizens want most when they get older. 1. Health Osteoporosis, arthritis, hearing impairment, and incontinence are all common conditions the elderly suffer from. That’s why it’s important that they receive consistent, high-quality healthcare from attentive staff.
What does senior need help?
Personal care is an important daily need for a senior citizen. They may need assistance with bathing, dressing and personal grooming. A home-health aide or other family member can help with these tasks, if necessary.
What things do senior citizens need?
Seniors should be encouraged to get out of the house and remain active. Research suggests that brain fitness reduces the risk of dementia in elderly people. Senior citizens may need emotional support as the face end of life challenges. Senior citizens need daily exercise, such as yoga.
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by Jeffrey Dach MD
If you asked “Do vaccinations cause autism?”
to anyone in the medical establishment, government or drug industry, the answer would be a firm NO, with supportive peer review medical publications. However, if you asked this question to mothers of autistic children, or the (DAN) physicians treating them, the answer would be a an equally emphatic YES, of course, pointing to their own supportive medical studies. (1)(2)(3)(3A)(4)(5) (93-99)
Canary in the Coal Mine
Autistic kids are the canaries in the coal mine, having genetic variations called SNP’s (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms), so they can’t easily eliminate environmental toxins from their bodies. The most toxic is the ethyl mercury preservative in vaccines, unwittingly injected into young children before they are old enough to eliminate the mercury. Mercury impairs the immune system, causes auto-immune diseases, and is directly toxic to the brain, causing neurological disorders. (6)(7)(8)(9)
It’s a Crime in Iowa and California
Iowa was the first state to ban mercury containing vaccines, Jan 2005. (106)
California has followed suit and more than 30 other states have similar bans under consideration.
In California, Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger signed the Thimerosal (Mercury) Law which took effect on July 1, 2006 prohibiting vaccination with mercury-containing vaccines to pregnant women or to children under age three. At the federal level, however, Pres. George Bush plans to veto similar legislation (FY 2008 HHS-Labor-Education Appropriations Bill). (10) (11)
Currently, the states with bans on Mercury containing (thimerosal) vaccines are California, Delaware, Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, New York and Washington. The Scandinavian countries have banned the use of Mercury (thimerosal) in vaccines for many years. Children’s vaccines in the United Kingdom have not contained mercury preservative (thimerasol) since 2004. (106a)
The Most Bitter Debate
There is no greater rancor in medicine than the autism-vaccine debate, and this debate has reached the federal vaccine court where 5000 autistic kids and their families are requesting compensation for vaccine injury.
Vaccination Deemed Necessary to Protect Society
Society has deemed vaccination necessary to protect the nation from diseases such as smallpox, polio, diphtheria, and tetanus. In return for these benefits, society accepts the inevitable injury or death of the unlucky few from adverse effects. After all, vaccines contain foreign substances which provoke an immune response.
Examples of vaccine injury include the 1 death per million from viral encephalitis and disseminated viral infection after smallpox vaccination. Another example of vaccine injury is paralytic polio after receiving the live Sabin oral polo vaccine. With the eradication of polio, there are now more polio cases caused by the vaccine then are prevented by it in the US. (12)(13)(14)
The Swine Flu vaccine caused more deaths than did the Swine Flu itself, and there were 500 cases of vaccine associated Guillan Barre paralysis. Both the live polio vaccine and the Swine Flu vaccines have been discontinued in the US for these reasons. (15) (16)
The National Childhood Vaccine Injure Act
Large jury awards arising from DPT vaccine injury litigation in the 1980’s induced some vaccine makers to cease production, representing a threat to national military readiness in the case of biological warfare. (17)(18)
So, Congress passed the 1986 National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act to provide for uninterrupted vaccine production. This law made the vaccine manufacturers immune from civil litgation, and instead established a Federal Court system to provide speedy compensation for vaccine-related injuries or death. (19)
The court uses a table which lists the types of injuries which automatically qualify for compensation. However, Autism is not included in this table. (20)
5000 Autism Cases Before the Vaccine Court
Acceptance by the Medical Establishment Not Necessary
A previous case was a victory. In Capizzano 05-5049 (3/9/2006),the Court decided that peer-reviewed scientific literature was not needed to win compensation. All that was needed was a medical theory linking an injury to the vaccine, a logical sequence of cause and effect, and a temporal relationship between them. This can be accomplished by medical records, or by an expert opinion. Peer-reviewed literature, pathological markers, rechallenge and general medical acceptance, are not required to win compensation.
In other words, it is not necessary for the acceptance by the medical establishment that vaccines cause autism., nor was it necessary for the peer review literature to show that vaccines cause autism. All that is needed is to show that Johnny was OK before the vaccination, and after the vaccination, Johnny developed autism.
280 Billion Dollars for Autistic Children – Do the Math
The current rate of autism as 1 in 150 children. Since there are 4 million live births annually in the US, this calculates out to 28,000 autistic kids annually, or 280,000 autistic kids per decade. Assuming the 5000 autistic families prevail in court with an average payout of one million dollars per autistic child, with the potential for 280,000 claims, the potential payout could amount to 280 billion dollars. This is an incredibly large amount of money, about the same amount of spending for 2 years of war in Iraq.(25) For this reason alone, it seems inconceivable that the federal vaccine court would grant compensation for autism. However, only time will tell.
Vaccine-Strain Measles Detected in Autistic Kids from MMR
The Vaccine Court’s compensation table includes Vaccine-strain measles infection, so these autistic kids would automatically be entitled to compensation. There are a number of reports of measles infection in the small bowel in autistic kids shown with endoscopic biopsy and PCR testing. Of course, mainstream medicine claims these findings are debatable, as seen in this article in Nature by DeStefano. (26)(27)(28)(70-75).
Lack of Evidence of Harm
As expected, the medical establishment claims there is a lack of evidence that thimerosol vaccines cause autism, and lack of evidence that the MMR vaccine causes persistent measles infection. (29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)
A recent Sept 2007 New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) article speaks against the notion that thimerisol containing vaccines cause neurological problems.(37)
Autism is Increasing to Epidemic Proportions
A decade ago, the rate of autism was 1 per 10,000. The CDC now says that the current autism rate is 1 per 150. Some say that this dramatic rise in autism rates correlates with the increase in mercury exposure with Thimerosal, as children vaccination schedules have increased.
See diagram below. (Courtesy of Autism in the Museum)
Thousands of families are reporting their normal children changed after receiving mercury-containing vaccines, and began displaying Autism symptoms (which mimic mercury poisoning). (100).
Children with autism have more measurable mercury in their bodies than normal children, because they have difficulty eliminating it. A typical mercury dose received by a two-month old after three mercury vaccines is 125 times EPA’s daily allowable exposure levels. In 2001, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) stated it is “biologically plausible” that Thimerosal in vaccines caused autism, ADD/ ADHD and neurodevelopment disorders in general. (40) (41) (42) (43) (44)(45)(46)(47)(48)
Videos on You Tube
There are many videos posted on U-Tube showing a typical story. The new born child develops normally, is then vaccinated and becomes autistic. After biologic treatment by a DAN physician the child dramatically improves. (Click Here for Videos) (39)
What are the Features of autism?
The autistic child becomes non-verbal, with no self expression, and assumes postures to put pressure on lower abdomen (indicating pain). There may be hand flapping, and stacking objects.
The autistic child shows no interest in other people, or he may be interested in people, but does not know how to talk with, play with, or relate to them. Initiating and maintaining a conversation is difficult. Speech and language skills may begin and then be lost, or they may develop very slowly, or they may never develop. The autistic child may have repeated ritualistic actions such as spinning, rocking, staring, finger flapping, and hitting self. Autistic kids have neurological disorders including epilepsy, gastro-intestinal problems, fine and gross motor deficits, and anxiety and depression. Boys are nearly 4 times more likely to have a parent-reported autism diagnosis than girls. There are about (80 Videos) on You Tube which show the typical signs of Autism: (49)
See Dr. Arthur Krigsman’s (video presentation) on Autism (DAN 2004 meeting) (50)(52)(53).
Symptoms and Biologic Treatment of Autism – Dr. Arthur Krigsman
50-70 % of autistic kids get a gasterointestinal disorder called autism associated entero-colitis, with inflammation of small bowel, stomach, and esophagus. They may have abdominal pain, diarrhea (loose stool, unformed stool, chronic oatmeal consistency, undigested food, malabsorption, constipation, malodorous stools. They may have abdominal distention, due to bowel inflammation and excessive gas. Growth curve may show regression at the onset of GI symptoms and onset of cognitive regression at the 15 month time frame.
Endoscopy finds pathology in these 70% who may have constipation/diarrhea with difficulty passing stool, or 3-4 days without a bowel movement. Endoscopy of small bowel shows lymphoid nodular hyperplasia, and severe LNH resembles Crohns disease.
Leaky Gut Syndrome in Autistic Kids
Autistic kids have an inflamed gut membrane which has increased intestinal permeability, also called “leaky gut” syndrome. In leaky gut, the undigested food macromolecules are absorbed by the leaky gut into the blood stream, an abnormal event. Metabolic pathways to break down these macromolecules are not normally in use.
Gluten from bread, and Casein from milk derivatives produce opioids, which are found in urine of autistic children. By removing the offending foods, the opioids disappear. There are 28 other proteins present in urine which can b detected with organic acid testing at the Great Plains Lab, William Shaw. (54)(55)(56)
Gut inflammation can be controlled on long term basis with anti-inflammatory drugs for biopsy proven inflammation on endoscopy. These are 5ASA drugs like Sulfadiazine, and the Salicylates. Very few patients cannot tolerate these drugs. Some kids need steroids (2-4 weeks), same as Crohn’s disease cases. Anti-Fungals (nystatin, diflucan) are widely used by DAN practitioners. Parents will say the kids do better on anti-fungals even though it is difficult to demonstrate fungus found on culture. Organic acid urine tests typically show presence of fungal metabolites which disappear with anti-fungal drugs. Autistic kids are also given digestive enzymes and probiotics which help to improve GI and cognitive symptoms.
Mother Claims her Autistic Child was helped with Chelation therapy which removes Mercury
Katie Wright revealed that her autistic son Christian (grandson of NBC Chair Bob Wright), recovered significant function after chelation treatments to remove mercury. (101)(102).
As customary, she was viciously attacked by the medical establishment for her public statement. However, Katie was vigorously defended by John F Kennedy Jr. in this Huffington Post article.(57)(58)(59)(105)(107)
How To Make Vaccinations Safer
To make vaccination safer, Stephanie Cave MD and Sherry Tenpenny have suggested waiting until child is older to give the vaccinations, use single dose mercury-free vaccines, and use vitamin supplements such as Vitamin A and C prior to vaccination. They suggest avoiding vaccination when the child is sick. (60) (61)
Dr. Cave recommends waiting to vaccinate until ther child is at least 6 months of age, preferably older. Do only one vaccine at a time, at least a month apart.
Vaccination is NOT mandatory. Use an Exemption
Information on exemptions was mentioned in a previous newsletter. (62)
New Medical Discoveries Are Usually Rejected
Ignatz Semmelweis, for example, was ridiculed for his suggestion that surgeons should wash their hands before an operation.(63) The British Navy finally gave limes to sailors 50 years after James Lind’s showed citrus fruit cured scurvy.(64) As a reward for his discovery that elevated homocysteine causes heart disease, Kilmer McKully MD, was fired from his job and research grant terminated.(65 ) The thimerisol-autism connection is just another example of the above.
In Iowa and California, it is a illegal to inject a newborn with mercury with the newborn Hepatitis B shot, and and it should be crime in your state as well. Hepatitis B is obtained through IV drug abuse, or via sexual transmission, both activies not possible for newborns.
Hopefully, the injection of mercury into newborns will soon become a relic of the past, taking its rightful place in the museum along with bloodletting and leeches. Until then, there is much work to be done to remove mercury from our vaccinations. As a nation, we can’t afford not to. (66)
Latest Update: 2/12/2009: The vaccine court rejects the autism cases, and the claim that vaccines cause autism.(as predicted)
Update 2/3/14: New book out on the Medical History of Vaccination by Susanne Humphies MD, Dissolving Illusions: Disease, Vaccines, and The Forgotten History
Update 7/29/14: US Government Quietly Admits Vaccines Cause Autism
Update 9/8/14: Opinion from a person involved in finding housing for people with disabilities: Just Who Are These Anti-Vaxxers, Anyway ?
Addendum 2/5/15: 21 month old dies from measles encephalitis after MMR shot.
Bitnun, Ari, et al. “Measles inclusion-body encephalitis caused by the vaccine strain of measles virus.” Clinical infectious diseases 29.4 (1999): 855-861.
“We report a case of measles inclusion-body encephalitis in an apparently healthy 21-month-old boy 8.5 months after measles-mumps-rubella vaccination. He had no prior evidence of immune deficiency and no history of measles exposure or clinical disease. . . . The nucleotide sequence in the nucleoprotein and fusion gene regions was identical to that of the Moraten and Schwarz vaccine strains. . . . On hospital day 51, the patient died after ventilatory support was withdrawn. . . . An immunologic evaluation of this patient was prompted by the diagnosis of MIBE. While we cannot ascribe his condition to any classic immunodeficiency syndrome, our findings support the presence of a primary immunodeficiency”
Update: Doctors Against Vaccines: The Other Side of the Story is Not Being Told – Heath Impact News
Singh, Vijendra K., et al. “Abnormal measles-mumps-rubella antibodies and CNS autoimmunity in children with autism.” Journal of biomedical science 9.4 (2002): 359-364. “inappropriate antibody response to MMR, specifically the measles component thereof, might be related to pathogenesis of autism.”
by Louise Kuo Habakus (Editor), Mary Holland (Editor), Kim Mack Rosenberg (Editor)
Dissolving Illusions: Disease, Vaccines, and The Forgotten History by Suzanne Humphries MD. Link to book on Amazon.
Articles with Related Interest
Dissolving Illusion by Suzzanne Humphries
(2) DEFEAT AUTISM NOW! (DAN!) Physician Referral List: Implementing the Defeat Autism Now!
(3) Biological Evidence of Significant Vaccine Related Side-effects Resulting in Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Presentation to the Vaccine Safety Committee of the Institute of Medicine, The National Academies of Science, February 9, 2004.Jeff Bradstreet MD, ICDRC, 321-953-0278
(3A)Molecular Aspects of Thimerosal-induced Autism Richard C. Deth, Ph.D. Professor of Pharmacology Northeastern University Boston, Massachusetts
(4) Deth’s research has uncovered evidence thimerosal creates deficits in the D4 receptor-mediated phospholipids methylation essential for detoxification and sustaining attention to tasks. The research provides the first scientific link between attention deficits and autism. Deth has identified the metabolic process, called methylation, whereby thimerosal can cause the brain damage associated with autism.
(5) An enzyme critical to methylation, methionine synthase, uses an active form of vitamin B12 to complete its chemical function, according to Deth. Thimerosal interferes with the conversion of dietary forms of B12 into the active form and so impedes DNA methylation and disrupts some normal gene actions.
(6) Mercury Poisoning
(7) EPA mercury Site
(8) HHS agency for Toxic Substances
(9) Mass Dept of Environmental Protection
(10) California Mercury Law
(11) Bush will VETO similar Mercury Law
(12) WHO Cessation of Oral (live) polio vaccine,Policy paper.
(13) Oral Polio Vaccine Cessation
(14) vaccinia smallpox CDC info
(15) Swine Flu Vaccination
(16) The Sky is Falling: An Analysis of the Swine Flu Affair of 1976, by Joel Warner
(17) The Tainted History of the DPT Vaccine by Harold Stearley
(18) At Risk: Truth About Vaccines, Lawsuits & Shortages Barbara Loe Fisher
(19) Office of Special Masters of the U.S. Court of Federal Claims,
(20) Vaccine Injury Table outlining which vaccine related injuries are to be compensated.
(21) Current status of 4900—claims for vaccine injuries resulting in autism spectrum disorder before US Court of Federal Claims, Special masters Patricia Campbell Smith, Denise Vowel and George L Hastings Jr. Ruling is expected after Jan 15, 2008.
(22) Audio and written transcripts of this first test case. the Cedillo Case No. 98-916V are available at this page:
(23) Homer legal web site. news and links relating to vaccine litigation.
(24) Federal Vaccine Court decisions with summary and full pdf file of transcripts.
(25) The Possible Costs to the United States of Maintaining a Long-Term Military Presence in Iraq September 2007
(26) references pertaining to measles MMR vaccine and autism. The vaccine strain of measles virus has been found in 85% of samples taken from the guts of children with regressive autism, according to Dr. Stephen Walker of the Wake Forest University School of Medicine.The study replicates findings made by Dr. Andrew Wakefield, a gastroenterologist, in 1998, and by Prof. John O’Leary, a pathologist, in 2002.
(27) Potential viral pathogenic mechanism for new variant inflammatory bowel disease. Mol Pathol. 2002 April; 55(2): 84–90. V Uhlmann, C M Martin, O Sheils, L Pilkington, I Silva, A Killalea, S B Murch, J Walker-Smith, M Thomson, A J Wakefield, and J J O’Leary.
Results: Seventy five of 91 patients with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of ileal lymphonodular hyperplasia and enterocolitis were positive for measles virus in their intestinal tissue compared with five of 70 control patients. Measles virus was identified within the follicular dendritic cells and some lymphocytes in foci of reactive follicular hyperplasia. The copy number of measles virus ranged from one to 300 000 copies/ng total RNA. onclusions: The data confirm an association between the presence of measles virus and gut pathology in children with developmental disorder.
(28) VACCINES AND AUTISM Detection of measles virus in children with ileo-colonic lymphoid nodular hyperplasia, enterocolitis and developmental disorder Molecular Psychiatry (2002) 7, S47–S48. Martin CM, Uhlmann V, Killalea A, Sheils O, O’Leary JJ.
(29) wikipedia MMR vaccine
(30) VACCINES AND AUTISM MMR vaccine and autism: a review of the evidence for a causal association Molecular Psychiatry (2002) 7, S51–S52. CDC finds NO causal association F DeStefano National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, CDC
(31) New Data refutes Measles Virus from Vaccine in Children with Autism,
(32) PEDIATRICS Vol. 118 No. 1 July 2006, pp. e139-e150 Pervasive Developmental Disorders in Montreal, Quebec, Canada: Prevalence and Links With Immunizations Eric Fombonne, MDa, Rita Zakarian, MEda, Andrew Bennett, PhD, CPsychb, Linyan Meng, MSca and Diane McLean-Heywood, MAb The findings ruled out an association between pervasive developmental disorder and either high levels of ethylmercury exposure comparable with those experienced in the United States in the 1990s or 1- or 2-dose measles-mumps-rubella vaccinations.
(33) The “Wakefield” Studies: Studies Hypothesizing That MMR Causes Autism Dr. Paul Offit, M.D., FAAP, Chief of Infectious Diseases and Director of the Vaccine Education Center at Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. Those who claim that MMR causes autism often cite two papers by Andrew Wakefield and colleagues. This section summarizes those studies and lists their critical flaws.Conclusion; autism is not caused by thimerosol vaccines
(34) Web site which states that Autism not caused by vaccines, funded by CDC
(35) The relationship between the MMR vaccine and autism, From The Vaccine Education Center Newsletter AMA page denying link between thimerosol vaccines and autism
(36) VACCINE STUDY IN NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE WRONG IN CONCLUDING MERCURY EXPOSURES ARE HARMLESS, STATES SAFEMIN”Early Thimerosal Exposure and Neuropsychological Outcomes at 7 to 10 Years,” appearing in the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM, 9/27/07 issue), DS
(37) A Sept 2007 NEJM article speaks against the notion that thimerisol containing vaccines cause neurological problems. Volume 357:1281-1292 September 27, 2007 Number 13 Early Thimerosal Exposure and Neuropsychological Outcomes at 7 to 10 Years
(38) VOLUME 114 | NUMBER 7 | July 2006 • Environmental Health Perspectives diagram of autism epidemic rise
(39) Video BioMedMom,on YouTube showing Autistic Child Development
(40) Critical Issues, Mercury from Safe Minds.org
(41) Stephanie Cave Book, What Your Doctor May Not Tell You About Children’s Vaccinations, by Stephanie Cave, M.D., F.A.A.F.P and Deborah Mitchell.
(42) Video: Dr. Mark Geier Speaks at Mercury-Free Vaccines Rally in front of CDC 2007
(43) Video You Tube: Dr. Mary Megson Speaks on Autism Epidemic and Vaccines in front of CDC 2007
(44) Video: Boyd Haley, PhD Speaks at Mercury-Free Vaccines Rally at CDC 2007
(45) Video: Shows How Mercury Kills the Brain ~ Autism Connection
(46) Sherri J. Tenpenny, D.O. Vaccinations, Alternative Medicine, Mothering MAgazine.
(47) A prospective study of mercury toxicity biomarkers in autistic spectrum disorders. Geier DA, Geier MR. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2007 Oct;70(20):1723-30.
(48) Urinary porphyrin profile analysis (UPPA) to assess body-burden and physiological effects of mercury in children diagnosed with ASDs.
(49) Video on You Tube: Signs of Autism
(50) Video:Current Concepts in the Treatment of Autistic Spectrum Associated Enterocolitis, Arthur Krigsman, M.D.Presented at DAN conference 2004. next meeting appearance National Autism Association November 9-11, 2007, Atlanta
(52) Arthur Krigsman MD Web Site, pediatric gasteroenterologist, Bio
(53) Arthur Krigsman MD Gasteroenterologist Wikipedia
(54) Great Plains Lab web site
(55) Biological Treatment of Autism by William Shaw PhD
(56) The Official Autism 101 Manual is the most comprehensive book on Autism”
(57) Robert F. Kennedy Jr defends attack on Mothers, The poisonous public attacks on Katie Wright this week–for revealing that her autistic son Christian (grandson of NBC Chair Bob Wright), has recovered significant function after chelation treatments to remove mercury — surprised many observers unfamiliar with the acrimonious debate over the mercury-based vaccine preservative Thimerosal. But the patronizing attacks on the mothers of autistic children who have organized to oppose this brain-killing poison is one of the most persistent tactics employed by those defending Thimerosal against the barrage of scientific evidence linking it to the epidemic of pediatric neurological disorders, including autism. Mothers of autistics are routinely dismissed as irrational, hysterical, or as a newspaper editor told me last week, “desperate to find the reason for their children’s illnesses,” and therefore, overwrought and disconnected.
(59) Video: Christian and Makena, Non verbal aggressive little guy has turned into a wonderful healthy little boy with the help of the specific carbohydrate diet, vitamins, supplements, chelation therapy, ABA, Occupational and Speech therapy.
(60) Interview with Stephanie Cave MD, Mothering MAgazine
(61) Dr. Sherry Tenpenny. In 1987, the World Health Organization advocated the combined administration of Vitamin A with the measles vaccine. When a dose of 100,000 IU of Vitamin A is given with the vaccine, lower rates of side effects occur, and antibodies still develop. Therefore, be sure to give your child is given Vitamin A on the day s/he receives the vaccine. I would also suggest giving powdered Vitamin C (10mg per pound), for 3 days before, the day of, and for 5 days after any vaccine. If you chose to vaccinate, I recommend that you wait until your child is at least 6 months of age, preferably older. Do only one vaccine at a time, at least a month apart
(62) Guard Your Daughters from Gardasil
(63) Ignaz Semmelweiss
(64) James Lind and the Story of Scurvy
(65 ) Kilmer McCully MD and the discovery of the Homocytseine cause for heart disease
(66) Blood Letting Antique Medical Museum
(67) Wakefield AJ and Montgomery SM. Autism, viral infection and measles mumps rubella vaccination. Israeli Medical Association Journal 1999;1:183-187
(68) A prospective study of mercury toxicity biomarkers in autistic spectrum disorders. Geier DA, Geier MR. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2007 Oct;70(20):1723-30.
(69) Press Release September 30, 2007 WASHINGTON, DC – A new peer-reviewed scientific/medical case study confirms that many children with autistic spectrum disorders (ASDs) suffer from mercury poisoning. The new study, “A Prospective Study of Mercury Toxicity Biomarkers in Autistic Spectrum Disorders” by Mr. David A. Geier and Dr. Mark R. Geier has been published in the most recent issue of the Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A (volume 70, issue 20, pgs 1723-1730).
(70) Uhlmann V., Martin C, Shiels, Wakefield AJ, O’Leary JJ. Possible viral pathogenesis of a novel paediatric inflammatory bowel disease. Molecular Pathology 2002;55:84-90
(71) Singh VK, Lin SX, Yang VC. Serological association of measles virus and human herpesvirus-6 with brain autoantibodies in autism. Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1998;89:105-8.
(72) Singh VK, Jensen RL, Elevated levels of measles antibodies in children with autism, Pediatric Neurology, 2003;28:292-294.
(73) Abnormal measles-mumps-rubella antibodies and CNS autoimmunity in children with autism. Singh VK, Lin SX, Newell E, Nelson C.Department of Biology and Biotechnology Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, USA. firstname.lastname@example.org, J Biomed Sci. 2002 Jul-Aug;9(4):359-64.
(74) Wakefield, A.J., et al.Ileal-lymphoid-nodular hyperplasia, non-specific colitis, and pervasive developmental disorder in children Lancet 351: 637-641, 1998.
(75) Uhlmann, V., et al. Potential viral pathogenic mechanism for new variant inflammatory bowel disease. Journal of Clinical Pathology: Molecular Pathology 55:1-6, 2002.
(76) Taylor, B., et al. Autism and measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine: no epidemiological evidence for a causal association. Lancet 353:2026-2029,1999.
(77) VACCINES AND AUTISM IMMUNIZE, Paul A. Offit, MD, Director, Vaccine Education Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
(78) Dales, L., et al. Time trends in autism and in MMR immunization coverage in California. JAMA 285:1183-1185, 2001
(79) Lancet. 2000 Oct 7;356(9237):1273.Response to the MMR question.Taylor B, Miller E, Farrington CP.
(80) Kaye, J.A., et al. Mumps, measles, and rubella vaccine and the incidence of autism recorded by general practitioners: a time trend analysis. Brit Med J 322:460-463, 2001.
(81) Taylor, B., et al. Measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination and bowel problems or developmental regression in children with autism: population study. Brit Med J 324:393-396, 2002.
(82) Adrien, J., et al. Blind ratings of early symptoms of autism based upon family home movies. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 32:617-626, 1993.
(83) Adrien, J., et al. Early symptoms in autism from family home movies: evaluation and comparison between 1st and 2nd year of life using I.B.S.E. scale. Acta Paedopsychiatrica 55:71-75, 1992.
(84) Adrien, J., et al. Autism and family home movies: preliminary findings. J Autism Devel Disorders 21:43-49, 1991.
(85) Osterling, J., et al. Early recognition of children with autism: a study of first birthday home videotapes. J Autism Devel Disorders 24:247-257, 1994.
(86) Mars, A.E., et al. Symptoms of pervasive developmental disordeers as observed in prediagnostic home videos of infants and toddlers. J Pediatr 132:500-504, 1998.
(87) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Nov 10;95(23):13982-7. Links Movement analysis in infancy may be useful for early diagnosis of autism.Teitelbaum P, Teitelbaum O, Nye J, Fryman J, Maurer RG.
(88) Jefferson T, Price D, Demicheli V, Bianco E. Unintended events following immunization with MMR: a systematic review. Vaccine 2003; 21: 3954-3960
(89) Demicheli V, Jefferson T, Rivetti A, Price D. Vaccines for measles, mumps and rubella in children (Review). The Cochrane Collaboration 2005
(90) Balzola F, Daniela C, Repici A, Barbon V, Sapino A, Barbera C, Calvo PL, Gandione M, Rigardetto R, Rizzetto M. Autistic enterocolitis: confirmation of a new inflammatory bowel disease in an Italian cohort of patients. Gastroenterology. 2005;128:Suppl.2;A-303
(91) Balzola F., Barbon V.,Repici A., Rizzetto M., Clauser D., Gandione M., Sapino A., Panenteric IBD-Like Disease in a Patient with Regressive Autism Shown for the First Time by the Wireless Capsule Enteroscopy: Another Piece in the Jigsaw of this Gut-Brain Syndrome? American Journal of Gastroenterology. 2005;100:979
(92) González L., López K., Martínez M., Navarro D., Negrón L., Rodríguez R., Villalobos D., Flores L., Sabrá A. Endoscopic and Histological Characteristics of the Digestive Mucosa in Autistic Children with Gastrointestinal Symptoms. Preliminary Report. G.E.N. Suplemento Especial de Pediatría-Nº 1, 2005; pp41-47.
(93) Autism articles and References
(94) Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine and Autistic Spectrum Disorder: Report From the New Challenges in Childhood Immunizations Conference Convened in Oak Brook, Illinois, June 12-13, 2000 Neal A. Halsey, MD, Susan L. Hyman, MD, and the Conference Writing Panel Conclusions. Although the possible association with MMR vaccine has received much public and political attention and there are many who have derived their own conclusions based on personal experiences, the available evidence does not support the hypothesis that MMR vaccine causes autism or associated disorders or IBD. Separate administration of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccines to children provides no benefit over administration of the combination MMR vaccine and would result in delayed or missed immunizations. PEDIATRICS Vol. 107 No. 5 May 2001, p.e84
(95) Vaccine truth
(96) Regressive Autism, Ileal-Lymphoid Nodular Hyperplasia, Measles Virus and MMR Vaccine Summary of Published Studies Offering Evidence for Linkages By David Thrower
(97) Vaccine Autoimmune Project for Research and Education (VAP) VAP’s co-founder Ray Gallup and Dr. Yazbak examine the most recent United States Department of Education statistics and reveal that the 1 in 150 estimate is outdated by five years. They report that the present prevalence of ASD may be as high as 1 in 67.
(98) Biological Evidence of Significant Vaccine Related Side-effects Resulting in Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Presentation to the Vaccine Safety Committee of the Institute of Medicine, The National Academies of Science, February 9, 2004. Jeff Bradstreet MD, ICDRC, 321-953-0278
(99) Gastrointestinal comorbidity, autistic regression and Measles-containing vaccines: positive re-challenge and biological gradient Andrew J. Wakefield, FRCS FRCPath; Carol Stott, PhD; and Kirsten Limb, BSc A.J. Wakefield, C. Stott, K. Limb / Medical Veritas 3 (2006) 796–802
(100) Mercury & Autism Comprehensive research into the autism mercury poisoning connection. Autism: A Unique Type of Mercury Poisoning. See Table A: Summary Comparison of Characteristics of Autism & Mercury Poisoning. Sallie Bernard, Albert Enayati, B.S.Teresa Binstock Heidi Roger Lyn Redwood, R.N., M.S.N., C.R.N.P. Woody McGinnis, M.D. Contact: (201) 444-7306 by ARC Research
(101) Katie Wright, Autism Debate Strains a Family and Its Charity New York Times
(102) Autism Every Day Film with Katie Wright at Sundance Film Festival
(103) Book Review :Louder Than Words By Jenny McCarthy on TACANOW
(104) Jenny Mccarthy Interview in People Magazine, author of Louder than Words, on New York Times Best Seller List. number 5 on 10/15/07
(105) Robert F Kennedy Jr. Home Web Site
(106) Iowa Health Fredom Coalition, First State to Ban Mercury in Vaccines.In 2004, Iowa became the first in the nation to ban mercury / thimerosal in early childhood vaccines.
The Battle Of The States: What Happened In Illinois?
By: Dr. F. Edward Yazbak Currently, the states with bans on thimerosal in vaccines are, in alphabetical order: California, Delaware, Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, New York and Washington.
The Scandinavian countries have banned the use of thimerosal in vaccines for years. As of 2004, all pediatric vaccines used in the United Kingdom have not contained the mercury preservative.
In 1999, The U.S. Public Health Service (PHS) and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommended the removal of thimerosal from pediatric vaccines destined for the American market. It was evident that when they lowered the boom, a preservative-free hepatitis B vaccine was made available in record time.
(107) Deadly Immunity, originally published on Salon.com June 16, 2005
by Robert F Kennedy Jr
(108) Cases in Vaccine Court — Legal Battles over Vaccines and Autism Stephen D. Sugarman, J.D. NEJM, Volume 357:1275-1277 September 27, 2007 Number 13
Vaccines, Autism and Childhood Disorders: Crucial Data That Could Save Your Child’s Life (Paperback) by Neil Z. Miller (Author), Bernard Rimland (Foreword)
What Your Doctor May Not Tell You About Children’s Vaccinations (Paperback) by Stephanie Cave MD(Author), Deborah Mitchell
A Shot in the Dark (Paperback) by H. Coulter (Author)
How to Raise a Healthy Child in Spite of Your Doctor (Mass Market Paperback) by Robert S. Mendelsohn MD
Evidence of Harm: Mercury in Vaccines and the Autism Epidemic: A Medical Controversy (Paperback) by David Kirby
Vaccines: Are They Really Safe and Effective (Paperback) by Neil Z. Miller
Vaccinations: A Thoughtful Parent’s Guide: How to Make Safe, Sensible Decisions about the Risks, Benefits, and Alternatives (Paperback) by Aviva Jill Romm
Vaccine Guide: Risks and Benefits for Children and Adults (Paperback) by Randall Neustaedt
Autism Web sites:
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Jeffrey Dach MD
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Davie, Florida 33314
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Federal legislation defines standard as 270 times overdue. Defaulted loans aren’t entitled to deferments, reduced re payment choices or other benefits. Defaulted loans will also be qualified to receive wage and taxation reimbursement garnishment, significant collection expenses , while having significant implications towards the debtor ’s credit history. Whilst the first set of guidelines simply take effect when the loan becomes 270 times overdue, the remainder don’t come right into effect before the loan transfers to a guaranty agency (for FFEL loans) or a collections agency (for Direct Loans). When this takes place, you will find only three straight ways getting out of standard:
Effects of Loan Default so when They Happen
It’s important to know the results of federal education loan default as soon as to anticipate these effects to happen.
Within 1 month regarding the loan transferring to an assortment or guaranty agency, you’ll be sent a page notifying you with this transfer and http://speedyloan.net/installment-loans-ut whom to get hold of to solve the standard. After that you should have 60 times to either pay the mortgage in complete, or start a payment or loan rehabilitation system or combine the mortgage away from standard. Remember, since the loan is with in standard, you’re not any longer eligible for income driven or other repayment plans, deferments or other options, but will rather need to make use of the loan that is current to find out a payment this is certainly acceptable.
Should you not begin one of these simple programs within that 60 times, or start and don’t complete them later on, collection expenses would be put into your loan. These expenses, per federal law, is as high as 24% of the loan stability as of the date the expense are examined.
Federal Payment Garnishment (including Tax Refunds)
Invest the no action to solve your standard within that 60 time duration, the present loan owner will more than likely start the taxation reimbursement garnishment procedure. An individual will be certified for federal re re payment garnishment, you can expect to generally keep on being garnished through to the loan is either paid in complete or away from default through consolidation or rehabilitation. Federal re payments that may be garnished under this technique consist of:
- Federal and state income tax refunds
- Social security (up to 15% nevertheless they can’t make you with not as much as $750 each month)
- Advantages under Component B of Ebony Lung Act
- Railroad retirement advantages
- Other payments that are federal those right here
- SSI Can Not Be garnished
You will be delivered a letter about 8 weeks prior to the offset arrives to begin with and you will request overview of your bank account in those days. If you’re asking for the garnishment maybe maybe not simply simply take spot for monetaray hardship reasons, it is important to submit evidence of earnings and fill a hardship form out you are able to obtain through the loan owner. After you request the review, the offset will continue to be processed, but can be ceased at a later time if your review proves successful if you do not return these forms within the required timeframe, generally ten days.
In case the loans are under federal payment offset, you may request a return of some or all those funds for pecuniary hardship reasons. They are authorized on an instance by situation foundation and hardship that is significant be proven. Examples of reasons that such funds can often be returned consist of risk of eviction or property foreclosure.
Wage Garnishment If you default on your own student that is federal loan plus don’t make plans to pay for, the mortgage owner will make an effort to garnish your wages. Federal student education loans may do this without obtaining a judgment in court therefore the procedure can quickly happen fairly.
Wage Garnishment Process
The mortgage holder will first give you a notice notifying you of this pending wage garnishment. Remember, its your duty to make sure they will have a present target if they do not, and you don’t receive the notice, or if you don’t open the notice, they may still proceed with the garnishment for you, so.
After the notice is delivered, you shall have 1 month to request a selling point of the garnishment. Known reasons for appeal consist of:
- Monetaray hardship
- Loan is certainly not val >bankruptcy
- The debtor is disabled or deceased
- You had been fired or laid off from your own job that is last and been working at your work not as much as year
- You will be qualified to receive education loan discharge or forgiveness
- You have got started a payment plan as they are making re payments
Remember that in many instances, the duty of proof is in the debtor to show these exceptions occur. For pecuniary hardship appeals, the loan holder could have an application you have to complete that presents your full financial predicament. The garnishment hearing administrator will review your costs to find out if they are reasonable when compared with present IRS instructions. If you should be authorized for the pecuniary hardship appeal, the loan holder may request a resubmission of the economic information as frequently as every half a year. Failure to react or meet the criteria could cause a resumption for the procedure.
The appeal are either written down, face-to-face or by phone. The administrator of the wage garnishment hearing will determine the location, and all travel expenses must be paid by the borrower if you request an in person appeal. There was usually small value in going to an in individual hearing versus one administered by phone. If you request a face-to-face or by phone hearing, nor show up, the hearing might carry on without you. It is possible to submit evidence that is additional objections through the appeal procedure, before the situation is known as closed by the administrator. Hearings are usually determined within 60 times of the mortgage holder getting your request one. You can request an expansion throughout that duration.
You can easily register an appeal following the 30 time screen talked about previously, but this can perhaps not stop the garnishment process. If you are effective in your appeal, future garnishment sales will soon be modified or stop.
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This extract is from "Samuel Lewis Topographical Gazeetter - 1831"
WARBOYS, a parish in the hundred of HURSTINGSTONE,
county of HUNTINGDON, 4½ miles (S. S. B.) from Ramsey, containing
1353 inhabitants The living is a rectory, in the archdeaconry of Huntingdon,
and diocese of Lincoln, rated in the king's books at £27.10., and in the patronage
of William Strode, Esq. The church, dedicated to St. Mary Magdalene, has lately
received an addition of two hundred and fifty-four sittings, of which one hundred
and fifty-eight are free, the Incorporated Society for the enlargement of churches
and chapels having granted £200 towards defraying the expense. There is a place
of worship for Baptists.
Return to Places
Comments and Other Information
on: 1 August 2000
For comments about this webpage, please email Martin
©1999. EnglandGenWeb and WorldGenWeb Project.
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Individual differences |
Methods | Statistics | Clinical | Educational | Industrial | Professional items | World psychology |
This is a background article. See Qualitative psychological research
The term "qualitative research" has different meanings in different fields, with the social science usage the most well-known. In the social sciences, qualitative research is often a broad term that describes research that focuses on how individuals and groups view and understand the world and construct meaning out of their experiences. It essentially is narrative-oriented and uses content analysis methods on selected levels of communication content. Other researchers consider it simply to be research whose goal is not to estimate statistical parameters but to generate hypotheses to be tested quantitatively.
In statistics, qualitative analysis consists of procedures that use only dichotomous data – that is, data which can take only the values 0 (zero) and 1 (one). These techniques are suitable where events or entities can only be counted or classified rather than measured. The techniques themselves are, of course, numerically based.
Qualitative research approach begun to gain recognition in the 1970s. The very phrase 'qualitative research' was until then marginalized as a discipline of anthropology or sociology, and terms like ethnography, fieldwork, participant observation and Chicago school approach were used instead. During the 1970s and 1980s qualitative research begun to be used in other disciplines, and became a dominant - or at least significant - type of research in the fields of women's studies, disability studies, education studies, social work studies, information studies, management studies, nursing service studies, psychology research and others. In the late 1980s and 1990s after a series of criticism from the quantitative side, new methods of qualitative research have been designed, to address the problems with reliability and imprecise modes of data analysis.[Taylor, 1998]
In the social sciences, qualitative research is a broad term that describes research that focuses on how individuals and groups view and understand the world and construct meaning out of their experiences. Qualitative research methods are sometimes used together with quantitative research methods to gain deeper understanding of the causes of social phenomena, or to help generate questions for further research. Unlike quantitative methods, qualitative research methods place little importance on developing statistically valid samples, or on searching for conclusive proof of hypotheses.
Instead, qualitative research focuses on the understanding of research phenomena in situ; that is, within their naturally-occurring context(s). One aim of the qualitative researcher is to tease out the meaning(s) the phenomena have for the actors or participants. Quantitative studies, however, may also observe phenomena in situ and address issues of meaning, and one criticism of this approach to qualitative research is that the definitions offered of it do not distinguish it adequately from quantitative research (for more on this issue, and about the debate over the merits of qualitative and quantitative approaches, see qualitative psychological research).
Generally (though there are exceptions), qualitative research studies rely on three basic data gathering techniques: participant observation, interview, and document or artifact analysis (Wolcott, 1995, 1999). Each of these techniques represents a continuum of from less to more structured (Adler & Adler, 1987; DeWalt & DeWalt, 2002) Various studies or particular techniques may rely more heavily on one data gathering technique or another.
Epistemologically qualitative methods insist that we should not invent the viewpoint of the actor, and should only attribute to them ideas about the world they actually hold, in order that we can truly understant their motives, reasons and actions.(Becker, 1996)
Though it had its genesis in the fields of anthropology, and sociology, qualitative research has burgeoned into and been taken up by many fields. Anthropology contributed to the field with its development of the research method of ethnography — a type of cultural translation (Boas, 1943; Malinowski, 1922/1961). Qualitative research in sociology, especially in the U.S., has its roots in the Chicago School (Adler & Adler, 1987).
Some of the different methods included under the umbrella of qualitative research, therefore, include: ethnography, ethnology, oral life history, case study, focus groups, conversation analysis, and portraiture.
Qualitative research has gained in popularity, especially due to the linguistic or subjective turn taking hold across the globe (Giddens, 1990). The social sciences, especially, as well as laypeople, have more readily accepted a subjective (as opposed to an objective or objectivist) ontology. Its practitioners often believe that qualitative research is especially well-suited to getting at the subjective qualities of the lived world, although this belief is far from universally accepted.
Many forms of qualitative analysis are labour-intensive. A number of software packages have been developed with the aim of reducing the load and systematising the task. Commercially available packages include Nud*ist; open source or free packages include AnSWR homepage.
Because of its emphasis on in-depth knowledge and elaboration of images and concepts, qualiative methods have been viewed as particulary useful for the areas of social research like "giving voice" to marginalized groups, formulation of new interpretations of historical and cultural significance of various events and advancing theory as in-depth, empirical qualitative studies may capture important facts missed by more general, quantitative studies. Such investigations usually focuse on a primary case, on the commonalities among separate instances of the same phenomenon identified through analytic induction, or on paraller phenomena identified through theoretical sampling. (Ragin, 1994).
Statistical packages for qualitative analysisEdit
- Main article: Computer Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis Software
- Analytic induction
- Case study
- Critical ethnography
- Educational psychology
- Grounded theory
- Interpretative phenomenological analysis
- Quantitative research
- Qualitative marketing research
- Qualitative psychological research
- Non-Quantified Modeling
- Monotonic function
- Sampling (case studies)
- Theoretical sampling
- Adler, P. A. & Adler, P. (1987). Membership roles in field research. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
- Becker, Howard S., The epistemology of qualitative research. University of Chicago Press, 1996. 53-71. [from Ethnography and human development : context and meaning in social inquiry / edited by Richard Jessor, Anne Colby, and Richard A. Shweder]
- Boas, Franz (1943). Recent anthropology. Science, 98, 311-314, 334-337.
- Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2005). The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research ( 2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
- DeWalt, K. M. & DeWalt, B. R. (2002). Participant observation. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press.
- Fischer, C.T. (Ed.) (2005). Qualitative research methods for psychologists: Introduction through empirical studies. Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-088470-4.
- Flyvbjerg, B. (2006). "Five Misunderstandings About Case Study Research." Qualitative Inquiry, vol. 12, no. 2, April 2006, pp. 219-245.
- Giddens, A. (1990). The consequences of modernity. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
- Hayes, N. (ed)(1997). Doing Qualitative Analysis in Psychology. East Sussex: Psychology Press.
- Kaminski, Marek M. 2004. Games Prisoners Play. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-11721-7 http://webfiles.uci.edu/mkaminsk/www/book.html
- Malinowski, B. (1922/1961). Argonauts of the Western Pacific. New York: E. P. Dutton.
- Morgan, D. (1988). Focus groups as Qualitative Research. London:Sage Publications.
- Pamela Maykut, Richard Morehouse. 1994 Beginning Qualitative Research. Falmer Press.
- Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research & evaluation methods ( 3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
- Charles C. Ragin, Constructing Social Research: The Unity and Diversity of Method, Pine Forge Press, 1994, ISBN 0-8039-9021-9
- Richardsson, J.T.E. (1998) Handbook of Qualitaitve Research Methods for Psychology and the Social Science. Leicester:BPS
- Silverman, D. (2004) Qualitative Research: Theory, Method and practice. London:Sage.
- Steven J. Taylor, Robert Bogdan, Introduction to Qualitative Research Methods, Wiley, 1998, ISBN 0-471-16868-8
- Strauss, A & Corbin, j (1990). Basics of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory procedures and Techniques. London:Sage.
- Wolcott, H. F. (1995). The art of fieldwork. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press.
- Wolcott, H. F. (1999). Ethnography: A way of seeing. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press.
- Ziman, John (2000). Real Science: what it is, and what it means. Cambridge, Uk: Cambridge University Press.
- Center for Qualitative Psychology
- Free books about Qualitative Psychology
- The Association for Qualitative Research
- General Morphological Analysis: A General Method for Non-Quantified Modelling From the Swedish Morphological Society
- Modelling Complex Socio-Technical Systems using Morphological Analysis
- Qualitative data analysis using statistical software
- Forum: Qualitative Social Research, peer-reviewed open-access journal for qualitative researchers
- Qualitatitive Research Consultants Association - An international not-for-profit association of consultants involved in the design and implementation of qualitative research such as focus groups.
- List of stats packages
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In going through my late father’s papers I came across the notes that follow. They are a bit dated, but the general advice is still accurate. It needs to be said that I am the Orchid Man’s Son; he started me with orchids when I was two years old. He loved orchids all of his life and shared that love with me. Enough said; Dad’s notes follow…
SOME INFORMATION ABOUT THE ORCHID
The orchid is a plant that is no different from others, in that it requires water, light, warmth, and ventilation, though in somewhat different proportions than the average plant. Orchids are very hardy plants, and will take a great deal of mistreatment.
Some basic rules which will be of value in the culture of orchid plants follow:
A. Plants should be thoroughly drenched with a hose or placed in a bucket of water until bubbles no longer appear from the plant; this is done especially at times when the plant has become thoroughly dried out. Do not water on a dull or shadyday— pick a day when the sun is shining and they will have a chance to dry out very quickly.
B. Over watering will rot the roots of the orchid, since the osmunda fiber, in which they are potted, will retain some moisture from six to 10 days, under normally dry conditions. If no rain has occurred for a week and the plants are out of doors, it is safe to water the plants, provided the osmunda fiber feels dry to the touch, they should be watered about once a week in the house.
C. It is much better to keep plants too dry than to let than stay damp for an extended period; letting plants dry out too long will merely retard their growth and slow down their flowering period — keeping them too wet will kill them.
D. If plants are to be kept in the house, the leaves should be sprayed with a hand sprayer atomizer about two or three times a day during the summer on normal days; once on a dull day. In winter, spray the plants about twice a day on bright days and once, or not at all, depending upon the feel of the potting fiber, on dull days. In the house, it is wise to set the plants a few inches above a pan of water, which will raise the humidity of the air around the plant.
A. Winter time sun is not so strong as that in summer, thus plants may be subjected to almost unrestricted sun all day in a window, preferably on the south side of the house. A kitchen or bathroom window is desirable, since these are the most humid spots in the average home.
B. Sumner sun is quite strong and if unrestricted, may be injurious to foliage and blooms, in summer, plants do well when placed out- side under the sparse foliage of a small tree. Care should be taken to prevent squirrels from getting to the plants, since they may eat the tender shoots and buds — they are particularly fond of the blooms, as are some birds. A suggested plan is to hang plants on a clothesline under light shade of a tree where a great deal of light is available without the rays of the midday sun falling directly upon the plants. Morning and late afternoon sun are not too severe for the plants.
A. During the summer, adequate ventilation is assured in the yard, on a porch, under a tree, or in a slat house, thus no problem exists outside the house.
B. If plants are to be kept in the house, a window should be cracked very slightly in order to keep air from becoming stagnant. Do not open opposite windows to form a draft, since plants will suffer due to too much cooling; it may also create a problem in your personal comfort and in heat loss to the house. Pick a window where it is a little cooler than the rest of the house and normal flow of air currents will probably make it unnecessary to open a window at all.
Temperatures of 50 to 80 degrees Fahrenheit are good for the plants; they can stand temperatures down to, but not including freezing, and up to 100 degrees. It is safe to say that if you keep yourself comfortable and subject the orchids to the same temperature, you will provide a good growing environment.
Blooming period for a mature plant is fairly constant, thus you may expect it to bloom about the same time each year, provided it gets the same care from year to year. Plants should be watered thoroughly just as the blooms begin to break open, then no more root water should be given until the blooms fall off. Daily foliage spray may be applied while in bloom; however, avoid getting water on the bloom to prevent fading and water-spotting of the bloom. After blooms fall off or are out, normal watering and treatment may be resumed.
Potting is done in osmunda fiber and should be good for about two to three years. Plants are potted with the old growth near the edge of the pot and the new growth will progress toward the other edge. Repotting should be accomplished when the new growth touches the opposite edge. Someone familiar with the technique should be called upon to repot the plants and demonstrate the technique to you the first time. It may be advisable at time of repotting to split the plant into one or more additional plants, adding to your collection; the person who repots you plant should be able to advise you in this matter and make the division for you in the event it is advisable.
An excellent book on orchids is “Home Orchid Growing,” by Dorothy Northern, and is found, along with many other good books on the subject, at most public libraries.
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who can share research?
Participation is open to all final year education students and student teachers (undergraduate and postgraduate) and recent education graduates (e.g. graduated in the last two years) in all colleges in Ireland and across all education sectors, including: ECE, FE, Primary, Post-primary and education studies. We are very supportive of participants who have no experience of sharing research and we provide one-to-one feedback and Q&A sessions prior to participation.
You can participate in our Conference if you have submitted your dissertation (even if you have not yet received a grade) and/or if you would like to engage in a live event. Presenters have the option of sharing their dissertation research in a 10-12 minute individual presentation or as a research poster. Templates can be provided as a guide.
You can participate in the STER podcast if you have submitted your dissertation research and have received a grade of 50% or above. Each Podcast episode is edited to 10-20 minutes duration but the recording may take up to an hour. The recorded conversation will be facilitated and edited by a member of the STER team. Questions will be provided in advance.
You can publish an article in our e-Journal if you have submitted your dissertation and received a grade of 60% or above. Each article provides a short 3,000 word overview of your research and is peer-reviewed by at least two members of the team. We offer webinars on transforming your dissertation into a research article several times per academic year - authors are encouraged to attend.
If you are a student enrolled in an education programme in one of the participating colleges, and you have taken at least one research methods module, then you can volunteer to be part of the STER team. Volunteers work with the project coordinator, staff and the student administrator to run the STER project, including; peer-reviewing all articles for the e-journal; contributing to design and marketing of the project; organizing and chairing sessions at the conference; producing and editing podcast episodes. Volunteers are asked to give approx. an hour a week to the project over one academic term. Team meetings are held online but volunteers are expected to attend the conference in Dublin.
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In this post I share 9 links to resources related to Network Beacon detection.
Network beacons are continuous automated communications between 2 hosts. Network beacon detection focuses on identifying this automated traffic with the primary goal of aiding in detecting malware infections or adversary activity that have been missed by other controls.
Beacon detection is a useful building block analytic with many different usecases.
- Threat Hunting and Malware command and control (C2) detection - aid in detecting malware missed by anti-virus products.
- Detection of automated third party traffic - detection of ongoing automated traffic to third parties may reveal unknown or emerging business relationships.
- Identify automated web application dependencies (within an enterprise or external to an enterprise)
- Identifying beaconing malware using Elastic [code] by Apoorva Joshi, Thomas Veasey, and Craig Chamberlain - uses statistical techniques of coefficient of variation (COV), relative variance (RV), and autocorrelation; implemented as Elastic Painless scripts.
- Enterprise Scale Threat Hunting: C2 Beacon Detection with Unsupervised ML and KQL — [Part 1] [Part 2] [code] by Mehmet Ergene
- Detecting network beacons via KQL using simple spread stats functions by Alex Teixeira
- Detect Network beaconing via Intra-Request time delta patterns in Azure Sentinel [code] by Ashwin Patil
- RITA (Real Intelligence Threat Analytics) beacon analyzer - uses simple statistical approach based on 6 measures: connection time delta skew, connection dispersion, connection counts over time, data size skew, data size dispersion, and data size smallness score.
- How to detect beaconing traffic with Splunk? by Alex Teixeira
- Detect Beaconing with Flare, Elastic Stack, and Intrusion Detection Systems [code] by Austin Taylor
- BAYWATCH: Robust Beaconing Detection to Identify Infected Hosts in Large-Scale Enterprise Networks - uses FFT and periodogram based technique for identifying automated traffic.
- Malware Beaconing Detection by Mining Large-scale DNS Logs for Targeted Attack Identification
The “short links” format was inspired by O’Reilly’s Four Short Links series.
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Last year I used a kitchen timer to force myself to focus; I blocked the Internet and email so I couldn’t get distracted; I set an auto-response on my email; I wrote a lot of to-do lists. I even started getting up earlier.
As you can see, I’m kind of obsessed with productivity. Which makes this the perfect place to be because our experts and journalists are constantly coming up with new methods to hack the conventional ways of working.
But trying to wade through so much coverage of how to do things more efficiently can get in the way of actually getting things done. So in the interest of saving you time, we’ve asked some of the most super-productive people with whom we work to share how they manage to accomplish so much:
Focus on one big task at a time
“It’s all too easy to get distracted by ‘work’ that takes up a lot of time and energy but isn’t ultimately changing your trajectory,” says David Rusenko, CEO of Weebly. “We see this all the time–entrepreneurs focus on the minutiae instead of just getting started, and getting something out there.”
Organize Your Day Into Time Blocks
Some people are early risers, some are night owls, while others hit their stride mid-day. Ekaterina Walter, CMO at Branderati, and author of Think Like Zuck, advises to figure out when during the day you are most productive then establish blocks of time get more focused work done. “You can even set a recurring email going out to people telling them not to expect an immediate reply to their emails during those times,” she says.
Do things you don’t want to do
“Remember this sentence, tape it to your monitor, tattoo it on your wrist: You don’t have to ‘feel like’ doing something in order to do it,” says Oliver Burkeman, author of The Antidote: Happiness for People Who Can’t Stand Positive Thinking.
“When I manage to remember that, I’m no longer sidetracked by trying to get into the right frame of mind for daunting projects. Don’t beat yourself up for procrastinatory feelings. Just feel them, and simultaneously direct your limbs to do the work.”
Don’t Get Paralyzed by Perfection
“A career contribution isn’t made in a single ideal moment,” says psychologist and author Art Markman. “It is a collection of good and great moments that add up over time.”
The best project is a completed project he says. “It’s easy to get paralyzed by perfection, but it’s better to get something out the door than to hold onto it for a long time hoping to remove every flaw.”
Stay in the Moment
If you feel overwhelmed (like pretty much everyone), it might not be because you have so much to do, but rather that you are trying to do too much at the same time, says Douglas Merrill founder of ZestFinance (formerly VP of Engineering at Google).
“If you’re talking to your daughter, talk to her; don’t think about email. You can’t do two things at once–it’s physically impossible for your brain to multi-task,” he says. “Even if you don’t lower your workload, doing one thing at a time will help you do better and, equally importantly, feel better.”
Put Your Brain on Autopilot for the Small Stuff
Some super productive people don’t waste their time on the small daily decisions that take up much of our brain space. Prerna Gupta, chief product officer of social music app Smule says she’s able to tackle big picture problems by eating the exact same thing for breakfast and lunch every day. She calls it “reducing decision fatigue.”
Write an old-fashioned to-do list
Sometimes the simplest methods are the best. “Every day, I write down the various tasks I want to accomplish and check them off as I go through them and complete them,” said Francesca Gino, a professor at Harvard Business School, and author of Sidetracked: Why Our Decisions Get Derailed and How We Can Stick to the Plan.
“Seeing the progress makes me feel good and, research says, more productive. It also helps me be a bit more realistic in understanding what I can accomplish every day, and which tasks are top priority,” she says.
Get an Accountability Partner
“The promises we make to ourselves are easy to break,” says Laura Vanderkam, frequent contributor and author What the Most Successful People Do Before Breakfast. “It’s much harder to call a friend on Friday and inform her that ‘I failed.’” She set up weekly check-ins and which kept her motivated to complete the first draft of a novel in 2013.
Don’t Check Facebook
Drake Baer spent most of 2013 writing about productivity, and when he needed a break he says the thing that kept him going wasn’t checking social media or email. Instead, he says he goes for a walk, gets a snack to stave off hunger, or sneaks into a conference room for a brief bit of meditation.
Deal With It Only Once
Leo Widrich cofounder of social media sharing app Buffer, says Zen Habits’ author Leo Babauta taught him the following productivity tip that has transformed the way he works:
“Deal with something only once. Do it now. Then it’s off your mind, and you can fully focus on the next matter.”
He says the “deal with it only once” policy works for three of the most nagging aspects of everyone’s day: email, meetings, and requests for help. Answer all as soon as they come up and get them out of the way.
Escape Into Single-Tasking
Author and entrepreneur Faisal Hoque has mastered the art of doing one thing at a time. In fact he’s so good at “single-tasking,” that he can lose himself mundane task like vacuuming and help ground his focus for his work. “Being in the moment allows us to escape from adversity, conserve our inner energy, and be more consciously productive,” he says.
By Kathleen Davis
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"Popular culture" has always represented a fulcrum within social, cultural and anthropological discourses in Latin America. Often imagined as representing a challenge to the dominant cultural paradigms of the "lettered city", it has repeatedly been mapped onto political, economic and even libidinal boundaries - between country and city, between folk and street, between the "masses" and elite national/political structures. Yet at the turn of the 21st century, concepts such as the "folk", the "popular", the "mass" and the "multitude" have exploded in the face of new cultural and informational technologies, putting cinematic, televisual and cybernetic manifestations of popular culture at the forefront of social processes. In order to address the fragile contemporaneity of popular culture in Latin America, the essays in this collection engage with a wide range of cultural phenomena, from forms of mass political experience in the Colonial and Independence periods, to the modern-day emergence of street art, blogs, comic books and television, as well as the recycling of refuse as art, the marketing of santeria to tourists, and the filming of poverty in the favela.
In so doing, they explore the diverse regimes of affect that both sustain and destabilize national symbolic orders, and chart the novel mediations between the national and the global in a see-sawing climate of conflicting economic and political ideologies. Geoffrey Kantaris is a Senior Lecturer at the University of Cambridge. Rory O'Bryen is a University Lecturer at the University of Cambridge. Contributors: Francisco Ortega, Joanna Page, Stephen Hart, Erica Segre, Jesus Martin Barbero, Lucia Sa, Chandra Morrison, Claire Taylor, Andrea Noble, Ed King.
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The Groundswell: A History of the Origin, Aims, and Progress of the Farmers' Movement: Embracing an Authoritative Account of Farmers' Clubs, Granges, Etc. ... Together with Sketches of the Lives of Prominent Leaders, Etc. ...
E. Hannaford, 1874 - 576 páginas
Opinião das pessoas - Escrever uma crítica
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Página 528 - ... this act, or the grant to such state shall cease; and said state shall be bound to pay the United States the amount received of any lands previously sold, and that the title to purchasers under the state- shall be valid. Fourth. An annual report shall be made regarding the progress of each college, recording any improvements and experiments made, with their cost and results...
Página 288 - No railroad corporation shall issue any stock or bonds, except for money, labor, or property actually received and applied to the purposes for which such corporation was created, and all stock, dividends, and other fictitious increase of the capital stock or indebtedness of any such corporation shall be void.
Página 278 - Crosse, then offered the following resolution, which was adopted: "Resolved, That, it is the sense of this...
Página 530 - Provided, That when any Territory shall become a State and be admitted into the Union such new State shall be entitled to the benefits of the said act of July...
Página 527 - That all the expenses of management, superintendence and taxes from date of selection of said lands, previous to their sales, and all expenses incurred in the management and disbursement of moneys which may be received therefrom, shall be paid by the States to which they may belong, out of the Treasury of said States, so that the entire proceeds of the sale of said lands shall be applied, without any diminution whatever, to the purposes hereinafter mentioned.
Página 529 - AN ACT To amend the fifth section of an act entitled "An act donating public lands to the several States and Territories which may provide colleges for the benefit of agriculture and the mechanic arts...
Página 528 - No portion of said fund, nor the interest thereon, shall be applied, directly or indirectly, under any pretense whatever, to the purchase, erection, preservation, or repair of any building or buildings.
Página 515 - Congress donating to each state in the Union an amount of public lands not less In value than five hundred thousand dollars, for the liberal endowment of a system of Industrial Universities, one in each state In the Union, to cooperate with each other, and with the Smithsonian Institute at Washington, for the more liberal and practical education of our industrial classes and their teachers...
Página 527 - State which may take and claim the benefit of this act, to the endowment, support and maintenance of at least one college where the leading object shall be, without excluding other scientific and classical studies, and including military tactics, to teach such branches of learning as are related to agriculture and the mechanic arts...
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DRIVERS in Dorset think that using mobiles at the wheel and speeding are priorities for the police... But a large proportion also admitted they were guilty of doing both.
A recent survey conducted by Dorset County Council's road safety team has shown some surprising results.
About 850 people across Dorset voluntarily completed a set of questions about their own road safety behaviour.
The top five most important issues Dorset residents think the Government should address are, in order, drink-driving, speeding, mobile phone use (handheld), careless driving and drug-driving.
But, although almost all respondents agreed it is un-acceptable and dangerous to drive when over the legal alcohol limit, more than 40 per cent knew of people who they thought had done so.
One in six people admitted to have driven themselves when unsure if they were over the limit and four admitted to driving at some time when they knew they were over the limit.
Although speeding is cited as one of the top issues to address, more than half of respondents did not agree that it was dangerous.
On speeding, more than half of the respondents admitted to doing the following at some point: l Driving at 40mph in a 30mph speed limit area l Exceeding the speed limit on a country road l Driving at 90mph on a motorway when there is no traffic about A greater proportion of younger respondents, aged 17-24, were more likely to admit to using a mobile phone for text-ing and to consider it socially acceptable than other age groups.
The survey results suggest the older and more experienced the driver, the more dangerous and socially unacceptable they consider it to be; however, half of all those questioned knew of people who had used a hand-held mobile phone while they drive to make or take calls or to send or read texts.
Peter Finney, Dorset County Council Cabinet member for environment and economy, said: “Although this survey is only a snapshot, it's interesting to see the discrepancy between what the Dorset public think are priorities for Government to tackle and their own self-reported behaviour.”
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free college vs. cost-benefit thinking
Last month, Howard Aldrich made—as he often does—a good point in the comments:
There’s been an interesting subtle shift in the rhetoric regarding whose responsibility it is to pay for an individual’s post-secondary education. My impression is that there was a strong consensus across the nation 50 years ago, and certainly into the late 1960s, that governments had a responsibility to educate their students that extended up through college. However, I perceive that consensus has been under attack from both the left and the right….Liberals argue that much of the public subsidy goes to the wealthier high income students whose parents don’t really deserve the subsidy. Conservatives argue that as students benefit substantially from their college education, they should pay most of the cost.
This month, I’ve been writing about the history of cost-benefit analysis. (Why yes, I do know how to have a good time.) On the surface, it has nothing to do with universities. But there are important links to be made.
One of the arguments I’m playing with is that economic thinking—here just meaning a rational, cost-benefit, systematic-weighing-of-alternative-choices sort of thinking—has been particularly constraining for the political left. On the right, when people’s values disagree with economic reasoning, they ignore the economics and forge ahead. On the left, while some will do the same, the “reasonable” position tends to be much more technocratic. Think Brookings versus Heritage. Over time, one thing that has pulled “the left” to the right has been the influence of a technocratic, cost-benefit strain of thought.
Yes, I know these are sweeping generalizations. But stay with me for a minute.
There are a couple of big economic arguments for asking individuals, not the public, to pay for higher education. Howard’s comment gets at both of them.
One is that while there is some public benefit in educating people, individuals capture most of the returns to higher education. If that is the case, it makes sense that they should pay for it, with the state perhaps making financing available for those who lack the means. Milton Friedman made this argument sixty years ago, and since then, it has become ever more popular.
The other is that providing free higher education is basically regressive. The wealthier you are, the more likely you are to attend college (check out this NYT interactive chart), and relatively few who are poor benefit. Milton Friedman made this argument, too, but it is particularly associated with a 1969 paper by Lee Hansen and Burton Weisbrod, and continues to be made by commentators across the political spectrum.
Both of these arguments have become economic common sense (even though support for the latter is actually pretty weak). Of course it’s fair for individuals to have to pay for the education that they benefit so much from. And of course it doesn’t make sense to pay for the education of the upper-middle class while the working poor who never make it to college get nothing.
Indeed, these arguments have been potent enough that it has become hard to argue for free higher education without sounding extreme and maybe economically illiterate. Really, it kind of amazes me that free college is even being talked about seriously these days by President Obama and Bernie Sanders.
But even the argument for free college now depends heavily on claims about economic payoff. The Obama proposal headlines “Return on Investment,” arguing that “every dollar invested in community college by federal, state and local governments means more than $25 [ed: !] in return.” The Sanders statement starts, “In a highly competitive global economy, we need the best-educated workforce in the world.” The candidate who is a self-described socialist relies on a utilitarian, economic argument to justify free higher education.
So what’s the problem with thinking about college in terms of economic costs and benefits? After all, it’s an expensive enterprise, and getting more so. Surely it doesn’t make sense to just wantonly spend without giving any thought to what you’re getting in return.
The problem is, if the argument you really want to make is that college is a government responsibility—that is, a right—starting with cost-benefit framing leads you down a slippery slope. Benefits are harder to measure than costs, and some benefits can’t be measured at all. All sorts of public spending becomes much harder to justify.
Now, this might be fine if you generally think that small government is good, or that the economic benefits of college are pretty much the ones that matter. But if you think it’s worth promoting college because it might help people become better citizens, or increases their quality of life in some difficult-to-measure way, or you just want to live in a society that provides broad access to education, well, too bad. You’ve already written that out of the equation.
If you really believe there are social benefits to making public higher education freely available, then cost-benefit arguments will always betray you. But rights, on the other hand, aren’t subject to cost-benefit tests. Only a moral argument that defends higher education as a right—as something to value because it improves the social fabric in literally immeasurable ways—can really work to defend real public higher education.
Seem too unrealistic? Think about high school. There’s no real reason that free college should be subject to a cost-benefit test when free high school is not. Individuals reap economic benefits—lots of them—from attending high school, too. And high school is at least as regressive as college: the well-off kids who attend the good public schools reap many more benefits than the low-income kids who attend the crummy ones. It only makes sense, then, that families should pay for high school themselves, right? Perhaps with government loans, if you’re too poor to afford it.
And yet no one is making this argument. Because we all still agree—at least for now—that children have the right to a free primary and secondary education. We may argue about how much to spend on it, or how to make it better, but the basic premise—governments have a responsibility to educate students, in Howard’s words—still holds.
So I support the free college movement. But I’d like to see its champions stop saying it’s because we need to be globally competitive, or because it’s got a huge ROI.
Instead, say it’s because our society will be stronger when more of us are better educated. Say that knowing higher education is an option, and an option you don’t have to mortgage your future for, will improve our quality of life. Say that colleges themselves will be better when they return to seeing students as students, and not as revenue streams.
Say it’s because it’s the right thing to do.
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1 Internationalizing the Coastal Ecosystems Curriculum, FIPSE United States-Brazil Student Exchange Programs at the Ana G. Méndez University System Puerto Rico Dr. Carlos Padín, Dr. Juan C. Musa, Prof. Zaida Vega, Universidad Metropolitana (UMET); Dr. Wilfredo Colón, Universidad del Este (UNE); Dr. Angel Rivera, Universidad del Turabo (UT) Brazil Dr. Thierry R. Gasnier, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus; Dr. Carlos Eduardo de Rezende, Universidade Estatual Norte do Fluminense (UENF) Campos, Rio de Janeiro; Dr. Manuel Antonio de Andrade Furtado Neto, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Ceará
2 US Department of Education, Fund for the Improvement of Postsecondary Education (FIPSE): U.S.-Brazil Higher Education Consortia Program The program is jointly administered by the U.S. Department of Education and the Brazilian Ministry of Education. Provides grants for up to four years to consortia of at least two academic institutions each from Brazil and the United States. Fosters the exchange of students and faculty within the context of bilateral curricular development. Promotes student-centered cooperation between the United States and Brazil to increase cross-national education and training opportunities in a wide range of academic and professional disciplines.
3 US Department of Education, Fund for the Improvement of Postsecondary Education (FIPSE): U.S.-Brazil Higher Education Consortia Program
4 INSTITUTIONAL PROFILE AGMUS Non-Profit private university system established in Licensed by the Puerto Rico Council of Higher Education (CESPR) and fully accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education (MSCHE). Third largest university system in PR and the fastest growing during the past decade; over 42,000 students Multi-institutional system: Four higher education institutions and a public television station: - Universidad del Turabo (UT) - Universidad del Este (UNE) - Universidad Metropolitana (UMET) - Ana G. Mendez Virtual University
5 INSTITUTIONAL PROFILE AGMUS Description 2009 Student Profile (Freshmen) % Public Schools 78.5 % Private Schools 20.3 % Female 59.8 % Male 40.3 % <20 years 78.7 % years 13.7 % 25 years 6.3 Faculty (3,164) % Full Time 12 % Part Time 88 % Doctoral Degrees 44.5
6 GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATIONS UMET Main Campus San Juan, PR UNE Main Campus Carolina, PR UT Main Campus Gurabo, PR MOUC SFLUC 1- UNE Utuado 2- UNE Cabo Rojo 3- UNE Yauco 4- UNE Barceloneta 5- UNE Santa Isabel 6- UT Cayey 7- UT Yabucoa 8- UT Naguabo 9- UT Isabela 10- UT Ponce 11- UMET Aguadilla 12- UMET Jayuya 13- UMET Bayamón
7 VISION 2015 By the year 2015, AGMUS will be recognized for its excellence in learning, in research, and in service, for its social responsibility and pertinence, and its growing global projection.
8 INTRODUCTION Two Grants: Environmental Affairs and Globalization: Internationalizing the Environmental Studies Curriculum (UMET and UT) Internationalizing the Coastal Ecosystem Curriculum (UMET and UNE)
9 Environmental Affairs and Globalization: Internationalizing the Environmental Studies Curriculum CORE PARTNERS Universidade Estadual Norte do Fluminense Universidade Federal do Amazonas Universidad del Turabo Universidad Metropolitana 1. The partners developed a proposal and submitted it as a planning grant to NSF. The proposal was approved. 2. Five (5) courses were revised to incorporate the international component. Three (3) of them were developed on-line. 3. The Office of the Vice Chancellor of International, Federal and Corporate Affairs was created at UT and UMET.
10 Environmental Affairs and Globalization: Internationalizing the Environmental Studies Curriculum From To # Students # Credits UMET UFAM 5 30 UMET UENF 6 36 UFAM UMET UENF UMET 4 52 UT UFAM 6 36 UT UENF 3 18 UFAM UT 0 0 UENF UT 5 55 Main accomplishments: Implemented an international cultural and educational exchange program between the US (PR) and Brazil. 2. Offered mutual credit recognition and portability focused on coastal systems research.
11 Internationalizing the Coastal Ecosystem Curriculum (UMET and UNE) CORE PARTNERS Universidade Estadual Norte do Fluminense Universidade Federal do Ceará Universidad del Este Universidad Metropolitana 1. Ten undergraduate students are carrying out research projects. 2. A basic Portuguese course is now offered each semester at UNE. Prepared by a Fulbright Scholar-in-Residence from Brazil. 3. Participating universities have strengthen their international student services. 4. Establishment of collaborative efforts in other fields.
12 Internationalizing the Coastal Ecosystem Curriculum (UMET and UNE) Consortia Agreement for the Educational Exchange of Undergraduate and Graduate Students and Faculty Between Universidad Metropolitana and Universidad del Este in The United States of America and Universidade Estadual Do Norte Fluminense and Universidade Federal Do Ceará in Fortaleza, Brasil
13 STUDENT AND FACULTY EXCHANGE 2010 Brazilian Students in Puerto Rico Puerto Rican Students in Brazil Annual Director s Meeting.
14 DISSEMINATION 2008 TV Interview of Dr. Thierry R. Gasnier, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus 2011 Internet Streaming Interview of Brazilian Students in Puerto Rico.
15 FACULTY EXCHANGE AT UMET UFAM Dr. Thierry Gasnier (2006) Dr. Andrea Waichman (2005) UFC Dr. Manuel Furtado (2009) UENF Dr. Carlos Ruiz, Visiting Professor (7/2007 7/2008) Dr. Adriana Grativol, Fulbright Scholar-in-Residence (07-08) Dr. Carlos Rezende (2007, 2009) Dr. Marina Suzuki (2009) Dr. Marcos Pedlowski (2006)
16 FACULTY EXCHANGE NSF PLANNING GRANT Presentations UNEF: 1.Estrutura das florestas de mangue do Norte Fluminense. Dr. Elaine Bernini (UENF) 2.Biodiversidade e Funcionalidade de Ecossistemas - uma abordagem multidisciplinar de comunidades microbianas. Dr. Adriana Grativol (UENF) 3.Courses of Biological Sciences (Undergraduate) and Ecology and Natural Resources (Graduate) Programs. Dr. Carlos Eduardo de Rezende. (UENF) 4.Influência dos manguezais na biogeoquímica aquática de estuários. Dr. Marcos Sarmet Moreira de Barros Salomão (UENF)
17 FACULTY EXCHANGE NSF PLANNING GRANT Presentations UMET and UNE: 1.Cucharillas Marsh: Research, Education and Community Participation. Dr. Carlos Padin (UMET) 2.The use of Nitrogen index approach to assess Nitrogen loses to the environment. Dr. Wilfredo Colón (UNE) 3.Nutrients use efficiency in mangrove ecosystem at Joyuda Lagoon, Puerto Rico. Dr. Juan C. Musa (UMET) 4.Molecular toxicology at Chemical, Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Laboratory. Dr. Beatriz Zayas (UMET) 5.Particulates in Cataño Air Basin and benefits from proximity of Cucharillas Marsh. Prof. María C. Ortiz (UMET) 6.Antibiotics resistance in genetic diversity of Enterococci isolated from sea water. Dr. Nidia Rodríguez Bonano (UNE)
18 STUDENT PRESENTATIONS - UMET Three students presented at the XX Undergraduate Research Symposium in San Juan, Puerto Rico, May The poster titles are: Impact of the Iguana iguana in a wetland restoration project. Impact of herbaria in a wetland restoration project Wetland productivity in Cucharillas Marsh.
19 STUDENT PRESENTATIONS - UNE BIOCHEMICAL AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY OF THE INTERACTION PROCESS OF RHODNIUS PROLIXUS WITHTRYPANOSOMARANGELI 1,4 Batista, K.K.S., 1 Monteiro, N.O., 1 Douétts-Peres, J.C., 1 Araújo, G.S.M., 1 Loureiro, G.G., 2 Gonzales, M., 3 Azambuja, P., 3 Garcia, E.S. 3, 1 DaMatta, R.A., 1 Sant Anna, N.F. 1 Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil; 2 Departamento de Biologia General, Universidade Federal Fluminense; 3 Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro. Brasil; 4 FIPSE-US-Brazil International Exchange Student, Universidad del Este, Carolina, Puerto Rico WASTEWATER TREATMENT FROM A SHRIMP OPERATION AND GENERATION OF BIOMASS TO FEED PACIFIC WHITE SHRIMPLITOPENEUSVANNAMEI ,2 1 Santaella, S.T., Leitão, R.C., Nunes, A.J.P., Neto, H.S., and Lima, H.N. Instituto de Ciências do Mar, LABOMAR, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 2 Brazil, FIPSE-US-Brazil International Exchange Student, Universidad del Este, Carolina, Puerto Rico 46 th Junior Technical Meeting March 12, 2011 San Juan, Puerto Rico
20 STUDENT RESEARCH PROJECTS - UMET 1. Metals (Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe and Pb) in the seagrass Halodule writii in the San Juan Bay Estuary Ecosystem 2. Heavy Metals (Pb, Mn, Cr, Zn) in sands at the San Juan Bay Estuary Ecosystem 3. Distribution of Heavy Metals in Bottom Sediments in the San Juan Bay Estuary Ecosystem 4. Forest Structure and Biomass in a Red Mangrove Stand at the San Juan Bay Estuary Ecosystem
21 STUDENT RESEARCH PROJECTS - UNE Assessment of Enterococcus spp. distribution, genetic diversity and antibiotic susceptibility/resistance patterns in Puerto Rico s coastal waters. Mentor Dr. Nydia Rodriguez
22 MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENTS Strengthening of the Offices of the Vice Chancellors for International, Federal and Corporate Affairs at each institution. 48 students from PR to Brazil. 47 students from Brazil to PR. 100% language proficiency. Portuguese instruction 8 graduate courses has been actualized with an international dimension.
23 MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENTS Integration of other funding opportunities (NSF, Fulbright). A long-term core research agenda on wetland ecosystems for the university consortia. A project web site (http://wetlandnetwork.wetpaint.com). The web site includes project information, the partners, the professors and research areas, the publications and the wetlands located in each place. Student Exchange Manual & Procedures s_corporativos_mision_vision.asp
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Rush Limbaugh has falsely suggested that there would be no adverse consequences for failing to raise the federal government's debt ceiling, claiming that because the government takes in enough revenue to pay interest on the debt, there is no danger of default.
Basically what he's saying is that default only applies if the United States doesn't/can't service our debt. Here's Limbaugh's words:
Truth is, we would only default if we don't service our debt. The cost of servicing the debt is 6 percent of the budget, and we have revenue coming in to do that. We do not need to raise the debt ceiling. There is no crisis. There is no Armageddon.
No, the Armageddon happens after we've serviced our debts and don't have the revenue to take care of all the other obligations the federal government has incurred...like Social Security, Medicare, military salaries, Veterans, federal contracts, etc.
Limbaugh would be tickled pink if we can't pay for those things because he thinks that's just the showdown we need to gut federal government spending.
Well, except for the ultimate outcome, we see that a Daily Kos front-pager is saying exactly the same thing.
First he quotes Jack Balkin saying that President Obama will use existing revenue to pay bondholders and from there we'll have a partial government shutdown on everything else. Then he says this:
Which would prevent a default, and which also would put additional pressure on Congress to raise the debt ceiling as the government goes into a widening shutdown. No Medicare payments. No help for military veterans. With Congress fully responsible until it does what it always had done until now...(emphasis mine)
In other words, there are options other than trillions in budget cuts during a deep recession, cutting Social Security, Medicare and/or Medicaid and/or other accessions to Republican demands. Keep that in mind, as this concocted "crisis" resolves itself, one way or another. The bottom line, according to Balkin, being that there will be no default. Because the president has no choice but to prevent one.
See...no problem here folks. We'll just shut the entire federal government down and THAT will certainly force those nasty Republicans to do what we want them to do. Damn the hostages. We've got principles to fight over!
Funny thing is...that's just what the Republicans are hoping for. So the netroots once again finds itself aligned with the lunatics.
I suspect that what we're seeing is the fulfillment of that dream for both groups as the Republicans continue to stall and evade their responsibilities today. And through it all, I know that President Obama will continue to take these motherf*ckers on as the only adult in the room.
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The World's Largest Candy Competition
The 2014 Competition is Complete! Results will be posted soon.
Candies from around the world participate in The World Candy Competition for many reasons. Integrity, prestige, honor and success are words best used to describe the effect that Candy Brands enjoy after receiving an award from this time-honored competition. The World Candy Competition was founded on the premise that Candy products should be judged not by the strength of their marketing or the budget of their sales force, but rather on the quality and innovation of the product itself.
The tradition continues as we have recently expanded the number of Candy categories to cover the full spectrum of products available in the world today. Candy categories such as dark caramel, toffee, licorice, lollies, sours, and gummies are represented in the competition. Our competition has given Candy brand owners spanning the globe the chance to compete on an even playing field.
All products submitted to the World Candy Competition are taste tested by a panel of judges who…
…are industry professionals from 6 different continents; not celebrities, Candy retailers or public figures whom may show partiality towards a particular brand.
…are not announced to the public, as this leads to undue influence from brand owners and the media, which results in issues of credibility for the competition.
…do not see the packaging or know the brand name prior to documenting and submitting their tasting scorecards for the competition.
Behind closed doors, in a tasting room closed to brand participants and the public, this “double blind” taste test method is one that is most effective in providing honest opinions from the panel. The products are all brought to their optimum tasting temperature, thus assuring the panel the same sensation of taste that is received by the general populous.
The packaging event occurs after the tasting event process has been completed, which gives the highest level of control over the tasting panels' opinions during the tasting phase.
The World Candy Competition is a member of the World Trade Organization and complies with all International law. With these safeguards in place, it is no wonder why the World Candy Competition is accredited as the premier tasting event in the world of Candies s, and why it is known as: “The Largest Candy Competition in the World!”TM
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Dorothy Fields working with Arthur Schwartz on A Tree Grows in Brooklyn (1951)
|Birth name||Dorothy Fields|
|Born||July 15, 1905|
|Origin||Allenhurst, New Jersey, U.S.|
|Died||March 28, 1974
New York City, U.S.
Dorothy Fields (July 15, 1905 – March 28, 1974) was an American librettist and lyricist. She wrote over 400 songs for Broadway musicals and films. Her best-known pieces include "The Way You Look Tonight", "A Fine Romance", "On the Sunny Side of the Street", "Don't Blame Me", "Pick Yourself Up", "I'm in the Mood for Love" and "You Couldn't Be Cuter" Throughout her career, she collaborated with various influential figures in the American musical theater, including Jerome Kern, Cy Coleman, Irving Berlin, and Jimmy McHugh. Along with Ann Ronell, Dana Suesse, Bernice Petkere, and Kay Swift, she was one of the first successful Tin Pan Alley and Hollywood female songwriters.
Fields was born in Allenhurst, New Jersey, and grew up in New York City. Her father, Lew Fields, an immigrant from Poland, was a vaudeville comedian, and later became a Broadway manager and producer. Her mother was Rose Harris. She had two older brothers, Joseph and Herbert, who also became successful on Broadway, Joseph as a writer and producer, and Herbert as a writer who later became Dorothy’s collaborator.
Fields went to and graduated in 1923 from the Benjamin Franklin School for Girls in New York City. At school, she was outstanding in the subjects of English, drama, and basketball. Her poems were even published in the school’s literary magazine.
Her family, because of her father was deeply involved in show business. Her father Lew Fields was a Jewish immigrant from Poland, whom partnered with Joe Weber became one of the most popular comedy duos near the end of the nineteenth century. They were known as the Weber and Fields vaudeville act. When the duo separated in 1904, Lew Fields went on to further his career in another direction, by becoming one of the most influential theater producers of his time. From 1904 till 1916, he produced about 40 Broadway shows, and was even nicknamed “The King of Musical Comedy” because of his achievements.
Despite her natural familial connections to the theatre via her father, he disapproved of her choice to pursue acting and did everything he could to prevent her from becoming a serious actress. This began when he refused to let her take a job with a stock company in Yonkers. Hence Dorothy began working as a teacher and a laboratory assistant, whilst secretly submitting work to magazines behind her father's back.
In 1926, Fields met the popular song composer J. Fred Coots, who proposed that the two begin writing songs together. Nothing actually came out of this interaction and introduction, however Coots introduced Fields to another composer and song-plugger, Jimmy McHugh.
Fields's career as a professional songwriter took off in 1928 when Jimmy McHugh, who had seen some of her early work, invited her to provide some lyrics for him for Blackbirds of 1928. Fields and McHugh teamed up until 1935. Songs from this period include "I Can't Give You Anything But Love", "Exactly Like You", and "On the Sunny Side of the Street." During the later 1920s, she and McHugh wrote specialty numbers for the various Cotton Club revues, many of which were recorded by Duke Ellington.
In the mid 1930s, Fields started to write lyrics for films and collaborated with other composers, including Jerome Kern. With Kern, she worked on the movie version of Roberta, and also on their greatest success, Swing Time. The song "The Way You Look Tonight" earned the Fields/Kern team an Academy Award for Best Original Song in 1936.
Fields returned to New York and worked again on Broadway shows, but now as a librettist, first with Arthur Schwartz on Stars In Your Eyes. (They reteamed in 1951 for A Tree Grows in Brooklyn.) In the 1940s, she teamed up with her brother Herbert Fields, with whom she wrote the books for three Cole Porter shows, Let's Face It!, Something for the Boys, and Mexican Hayride.
In 1946, Fields approached Oscar Hammerstein II with her idea for a new musical based on the life of famous female sharpshooter Annie Oakley. Hammerstein liked the idea and agreed to produce the show. Kern and Fields were signed on to write the songs in the show. Kern died before the two were able to begin working on the project, and Irving Berlin was hired to replace him.
Together, she and her brother Herbert wrote the book for Annie Get Your Gun, while Berlin provided all the music. The show was a huge success, starring Ethel Merman, and running for 1,147 performances.
In the 1950s, her biggest success was the show Redhead (1959), which won five Tony Awards, including Best Musical. When she started collaborating with Cy Coleman in the 1960s, her career took a new turn. Their first work together was Sweet Charity. Her last hit was from their second collaboration in 1973, Seesaw. The show began on Broadway on March 18, 1973, and ended its run on December 8, 1973. Its signature song was "It's Not Where You Start, It's Where You Finish".
Throughout her 48-year career, Fields cowrote more than 400 songs and worked on 15 stage musicals and 26 movies. Her lyrics were known for their strong characterization, clarity in language and humor. She was an amateur pianist and also lifelong lover of the classical music form which led her to become highly aware of melodic lines, so she fitted her lyrics to her melodies.
Fields professional longevity was rare at the time for a songwriter in the field, and it definitely was due to her unending imagination and her willingness to adapt to the ever modifying trends in the American musical theater.
Fields had highly disciplined work habits. She was known to spend about eight weeks researching, discussing, and making notes on a project, before finally resolving to her regular 8:30 A.M. to 4:00 P.M. daily work routine.
Fields died of a heart attack on March 28, 1974, at the age of 68. The New York Times reported "Dorothy Fields, the versatile songwriter whose career spanned nearly 50 years, died of a heart attack last night at her home here." She was the sister of writers Herbert and Joseph Fields. She married Eli Lahm in 1939, and they had two children, David and Eliza. Lahm died in 1958.
Thirty-five years after her death, President Barack Obama, in his inauguration speech as 44th President of the United States on January 20, 2009, echoed lyrics by Fields when he said, "Starting today, we must pick ourselves up, dust ourselves off, and begin again the work of remaking America". This alludes to the song "Pick Yourself Up" from the 1936 film Swing Time, for which Jerome Kern had written the music, in which Ginger Rogers and Fred Astaire sang Fields's words, "Pick yourself up; dust yourself off; start all over again".
- Klein, Alvin; and Emblen, Mary L. "NEW JERSEY GUIDE", The New York Times, October 4, 1992. Accessed August 10, 2012. "That's how Dorothy Fields, born in Allenhurst in 1905, is described in the notes on the original cast album of Sweet Charity, the 1966 musical for which she wrote the lyrics."
- "Dorothy Fields | The Stars | Broadway: The American Musical | PBS". Broadway: The American Musical. Retrieved 2016-04-22.
- "Women Songwriters" blog.oup.com
- "Dorothy Fields, Lyricist, Dies" The New York Times, March 29, 1974, p. 38, ISSN 0362-4331
- "The Stars. Dorothy Fields" pbs.org, accessed January 17, 2016
- Obama calls for American renewal, January 20, 2009, Boston Globe
- "Pick Yourself Up" Lyrics, Web site Reel Classics
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dorothy Fields.|
- Dorothy Fields at the Internet Movie Database
- Dorothy Fields Website
- Dorothy Fields at Internet Broadway Database
- Dorothy Fields at the Songwriters Hall of Fame
- Dorothy Fields Papers, 1911–1977[permanent dead link], Billy Rose Theatre Division, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts
- Dorothy Fields Scripts, 1927–1973, Billy Rose Theatre Division, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts
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Our archives hold the nonfiction stories of thousands of Maine and New England people and families -- stories of survival, endurance, love, faith, discovery, perseverance and so much more
(PRWEB) May 17, 2016
Photos of a wild blueberry harvest
A radio piece about “the boogie man of Ocean Point”
A written account of the closing of Dexter Shoe factory
These are just a few of the extraordinary Maine stories that are now available to anyone with access to the Internet, thanks to a collaboration between the Salt Institute for Documentary Studies at MECA and HistoryIT, a Portland-based technology company that creates state-of-the-art digital historical collections.
The Salt Story Archive, a digital collection that contains works by more than 1,000 Salt students – many of whom have gone on to successful careers at places like NPR and National Geographic – launched today.
“A 40-year-long dream to showcase our student work has been achieved,” said Donna Galluzzo, Salt’s executive director. “We are so grateful and so proud to be able to share this phenomenal achievement.”
When Salt was looking for a partner to complete the digitization of its vast collection -- 16,000 images, 495 radio stories, 849 writing projects, 251 short documentary video projects, more than 500 articles in 56 publications, and 3 books -- they found in their backyard the national leader in digital history. HistoryIT helps clients maximize the impact of their collections by making them more shareable and more searchable. Their clients range from the Historical Society of Washington, D.C. to the Baseball Hall of Fame.
“It was an enormous pleasure to work with Salt, in part because its content is so familiar to us,” said HistoryIT CEO Dr. Kristen Gwinn-Becker, a Maine native. “As a digital innovator I am particularly proud of the Salt Story Archive because it exemplifies what is most important about public historical resources: that they must be made digital and available in a way that provides meaningful access to them, and that they are engaging and discoverable by diverse audiences.”
The Salt Story Archive is the result of a year dedicated to the digitization and creation of comprehensively searchable materials, which is available via HistoryIT’s Digital Platform Environment. The project required a team of historians, digital technicians, metadata specialists, and content experts to create a well-designed and intuitive site that invites the public to explore stories from New England’s recent past.
“Our archives hold the nonfiction stories of thousands of Maine and New England people and families -- stories of survival, endurance, love, faith, discovery, perseverance and so much more,” Galluzzo said. “The public sharing of these stories had to be managed to the highest artistic and ethical standards that have made Salt’s reputation and legacy what it is today. HistoryIT not only met but also far exceeded our expectations in creating a digital story archive that our alumni and fellow Mainers and New Englanders can be incredibly proud of.”
The Salt Story Archive is available at http://www.saltstoryarchive.com
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PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND UTILIZATION OF OFFSHORE WIND TURBINES IN THE NIGER DELTA REGION OF NIGERIA
Publication Date : 01/02/2010
Electric Energy generation using off-shore wind turbine is analysed in this paper. It is expected to diversify Nigeria’s energy mix and ensure adequate power supply. The paper discusses data obtained for wind speeds of two offshore locations in the Niger Delta region. Theoretical analysis confirmed that the average wind speeds produced are sufficient enough for the generation of offshore wind energy. 25 meter diameter of offshore wind turbine was used at different height and distance from shore. Offshore wind speed data for eleven years (1993–2003) was sourced from meteorological centre Mushin Lagos, Nigeria. The results showed that wind power output of 106.22kW (25m diameter wind turbine) may be a reality for only one location.
No. of Downloads :
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Antibiotics and Cutaneous Abscesses – Is there a Role?
Search Strategy: Realizing that most of the literature on abscesses may be dated you opt for OVID from 1966 to present. Your initial search for “cutaneous abscess” turns up 45 results which you quickly review. While this initial search yielded a conveniently small number, you realize that you are likely overlooking some useful articles with such a narrow search. Saving this result you again search under “skin abscess” and apply the OVID-filters of Human studies and English with 34 citations identified. Unfortunately, the two search strategies only produce one 1985 article which appears useful in answering your PICO question by Llera. You review the bibliography of Llera’s paper and identify two other promising older articles. Finally, you consult your Surgical and Infectious Disease colleagues for their knowledge of this common clinical question and are provided with a more timely pediatric review from 2004 in the era of MRSA.
While working a busy night in the “Deuce” carrying three-quarters of the patients as your attending kicks back to check the latest on their fantasy football team, you see another new hall patient on the board and eagerly dive into yet another learning opportunity. The nursing note on the computer reads as follows.
- HPI: Chief Complaint: A 23 year old male with a “spider bite” on his left “ass cheek” which he noted 3-days ago. The lesion has become progressively larger and more painful with drainage of yellow-white fluid in the shower today prompting his presentation to the ED. Patient is eating, laughing, and joking with friends and not in distress to this RN. He has no stated Past Medical or Past Surgical History. He denies any daily prescription or over-the-counter medication use or illicit substance abuse.
- Vital signs: Temp 37.0C, HR 90, BP 145/76, Resp 26, 99% on room air
Physical exam is unimpressive other than a tender, swollen, pointed abscess on the lateral portion of his left buttock measuring 4 cm in diameter with a small amount of purulent drainage from the pointed area. While there is no overlying cellulitis, a small (<1 cm) ring of inflammation circumferentially surrounds the abscess.
Disappointed that the abscess is neither large nor complicated enough to require operative intervention, you resign yourself to an immediate incision and drainage (I&D). You’ve done innumerable I&D’s without a second thought, but with your first moonlighting gig less than a week away you ask yourself, “Self, what is the best evidence for properly treating an abscess?” While usually opinionated and boisterous, “Self” is quiet tonight. You decide to tackle this problem online.
Population: Immunocompetent ED patients presenting cutaneous abscess
Intervention: Incision & Drainage with antibiotics
Comparison: Incision & Drainage without antibiotics
Outcome: Recurrent same-site abscesses, repeat incision & drainage incidence, duration of symptoms, post-drainage ED recidivism, post-drainage hospitalization, sepsis-related 1-month mortality.
First years: Antibiotics in Surgical Treatment of Septic Lesions, Lancet 1970; 1: 1077-1080.
Second years: The Treatment of Acute Superficial Abscesses: A Prospective Clinical Trial. Brit J Surg 1977; 64: 264-266.
Third years: Treatment of Cutaneous Abscess: A Double-Blind Clinical Study. Annals EM 1985; 14: 15-19.
Fourth years: Management and Outcome of Children with Skin and Soft Tissue Abscesses Caused by Community-Acquired Methicillin-resistent Staphylococcus aureus. Pediatr Infect Dis 2004; 23: 123-127.
Article 1: Antibiotics in Surgical Treatment of Septic Lesions, Lancet 1970; 1: 1077-1080
Article 2: The treatment of acute superficial abscesses: a prospective clinical trial. Brit J Surgery 1977; 64: 264-266
Article 3: Treatment of Cutaneous Abscess: A Double-Blind Clinical Study, Annals EM 1985; 14: 15-19
Article 4: Management & Outcome of Children with Skin & Soft Tissue Abscesses Caused by Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Ped ID J 2004; 23: 123-127
After discussions with Infectious Disease, Pediatrics, and Surgery these are the conclusions.
- The literature is sparse, dated, and of overall poor quality. Appropriately powered, randomized controlled trials are needed in the era of community acquired methicillin resistant Staph aureus (ca-MRSA) to assess the effect appropriate antimicrobial coverage has on abscess healing rates, recurrence, pain and cosmesis scores, and evolving community antimicrobial resistance patterns.
- Until such studies are available, Surgery recommends routine abscess wound cultures and anti-MRSA antimicrobial coverage with Bactrim first-line therapy, Clindamycin second-line therapy. Some of the surgeons reported anecdotal success with quinolones at other institutions. The available literature (see critical appraisal forms below) does not support the general use of antibiotics before or after incision and drainage, although some studies note a trend towards diminished abscess recurrence. Note that the appropriate dose of Bactrim for abscess management is two tablets TID (not the one tablet BID dose we use for UTI!), which is particularly important in obese patients.
- For children, the general guidelines for a surgery consult (very physician specific) include wound location (groin, axilla, and pilonidal) and size (>5 cm). For adults, our surgeons advocate size >5cm as a chief indication for a surgery consult with 48-hour follow-up key to wound management. Of course, incision and drainage is first and foremost, the treatment-of-choice and procedural sedation plays an indispensable role in effective eradication of loculations and abscess packing.
- Other general guidelines for when to consider antibiotics which have been suggested (ACEP News September 2006 p 15) include:
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Contraception scientist pens lesbian comedy with Doctor Who star
The man who invented the Contraceptive Pill is now embracing more family planning issues by writing a lesbian comedy.
Carl Djerassi, is one of the world’s most famous scientists and is credited with starting a social revolution in the 1960s. The play, Taboos, explores the consequences of becoming a biological and legal parent, and covers controversial issues such as sperm and embryo donation.
Set in culturally opposite areas of San Francisco and the Deep South of America, the play stars Doctor Who actress Nicola Bryant. It tells the story of Sally and Harriet, a lesbian couple in San Francisco who each have a child using sperm from their partner’s brother, while one of the brothers uses an egg from his sister¹s partner to help his wife get pregnant
Mr Djerassi said: “Assumptions that marriage must be heterosexual and that a child cannot have two parents of the same sex were never even considered assumptions, because they were beyond questioning. All of these terms have become destabilised, their meanings blurred, their range extended.”
“Some would blame technology during the past three decades for these developments, but in actual fact major social and cultural changes were even more responsible for the monumental shift that has caused so much fear and antagonism, especially among the ever increasingly strident fundamentalists in the USA. So why not write a play about a situation where family and parent have assumed disturbingly fuzzy meanings.”
The production takes place at the New End Theatre in Hampstead until April 2.
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Over the past few weeks, I’ve given you organization tips for your teacher desk and student supplies, and this week I’m back with another organization tips topic. This week’s topic is one that I find to be one of the most important…organizing papers.
But if we don’t organize those papers, we’ll find a paper monster in our classroom that will eat us alive. Think I’m kidding?
There’s nothing like having papers stuffed in desks, crowding furniture, and floating around your floor. While it’s essential to organize teacher papers, I also want to focus on having a perfect space to keep student papers organized because that ultimately causes the biggest mess.
If the paper monster has visited your classroom, let’s get him out of there!
Organization Tip #1: Use a Number System
I know this topic is debatable. Teachers repeatedly say that kids are more than just a number. My students are more than just a number, but a number system is an easy way to keep things organized. Let’s take a look at my classroom.
My students know that each time they receive a paper, they need their full name and number. This number isn’t for them to use; it’s for me.
It saves me time and makes my life easier. I’m not calling students by the number. I’m just using it for organization purposes. It’s important to approach the number system in the right way. Students need to know they’re more than a number; if you present it correctly, they’ll see that they are!
When I tell you that using a number system will save you so much time, I mean it. That’s why it’s one of my top organization tips for the classroom. Print a copy of your class roster in alphabetical order to get started. Next, number the students from one and so on.
When assigning students a number, I do so alphabetically. It makes sense, but it also helps when running reports or printing something that defaults to organizing my students’ data alphabetically.
I don’t have to add the number because I already have my students numbered alphabetically. It makes things so much easier.
Organization Tips for Managing Classwork
I hate desk clutter. Walking by a student’s desk and seeing papers hanging out makes me cringe. That’s why I use folders. My students have one folder for each subject which helps keep everything organized. Consider using specific colors for specific subjects to help students quickly grab the correct folder. These three-hole punch prong folders are my absolute favorite for several reasons.
1) You can add notebook paper in there since they have the three holes
2) They’re heavy-duty, so they won’t rip
3) They keep everything in one place
4) They have pockets
We use the pockets to keep our work organized. One side of the folder is where our “in progress” work belongs, and the other side of the folder is where manipulatives or flashcards go. I love having the “Work in Progress” pocket in students’ folders because it keeps their incomplete work together in an organized spot. When students finish, they put their work in the “Turning In” basket. I’ll touch on that more below.
How to Keep Ungraded Assignments Organized
Having a system for where student papers go also keeps you organized. Three-tier trays like this one are great because they help you organize papers in one place.
I use one of these in my classroom, and it’s helped me so much. This is how I manage it:
1) Top tier – consists of work that students have completed already. The top tier is where students turn in their papers when they’re finished.
2) Middle tier – where I keep classwork that is in progress. You can also pass this work out for catch-up work at the end of the day or morning work first thing in the morning.
3) Bottom tier – consists of papers I took from the first tiered tray. I clip the papers from the top tray and move them to the bottom. It’s my reminder that I need to grade them, and it keeps the assignments organized into one.
Organization Tips for Sending Home
The papers are graded, but where do they go now? I’ll tell you where they don’t go – sitting around my classroom or at their desk! No way.
We don’t want that paper monster to return. So, here’s what I do. I have this fantastic 30 pocket chart. I number the folders on this pocket chart to reflect the numbers of my numbering system. Then, I return the work to the folder corresponding to a student’s number. To help myself, I put them in number order to drop them in quickly.
Organizing these papers is an excellent task for a teacher assistant or classroom parent.
What I love about this system is how discreet it is! If a random person walked in, they wouldn’t know who had what grade. So even if student number 13 has a D, no one knows which student that is. This system gives my students some anonymity, which I think is important.
At the end of the week, I send the folder home to students. The parents must sign it and return it as proof that they saw their work.
This system works because student desks stay clean, and there are no more paper monsters. I use the same folders I mentioned above. I guarantee that these folders are truly multi-use and will last you the entire year.
Tips for Managing Absent Student Work
Inevitably, students will be absent. Early in my teaching career, I tried to catch individual students up by remembering which days they were absent. Still, it’s overwhelming, especially if you have several students absent.
That’s when I switched to a “Missed Work Folder.” If students are absent, I put the “Missed Work Folder” on their desks. Anytime I pass out papers, that student’s paper goes into this folder. At the end of each day absent, I staple the papers together in order of when I passed them out. Organizing it this way helps me know how much time they’ll need to catch up on their work, and it also helps me ensure they’re completing the work in order.
That’s how I organize student papers and prevent disorganizing, overwhelm, and all of that. It just makes it so easy for me. I hope those tips help.
These organization tips are how I keep student papers neat while preventing any disorganization or overwhelm. These systems make my life so much easier and keep the trash monster out of our classroom.
Are you preparing for Open House? What else is on your back-to-school checklist? My Back to School Forms resource contains excellent ideas for getting started.
Want to try a freebie from the resource first? Click here to have it delivered straight to your email!
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Introduction This document begins with a brief overview of action research and a discussion of its advantages and disadvantages. The intention is to help you make an informed choice about your approach to your research. There is a particular focus on doing research for a thesis or dissertation, or for a similar independent research report.
Idso, your paper ' Ultra-enhanced spring branch growth in CO2-enriched trees: Is this an accurate representation of your paper? The papers examined how the rise in atmospheric CO2 could be inducing a phase advance in the spring portion of the atmosphere's seasonal CO2 cycle.
Other literature had previously claimed a measured advance was due to rising temperatures, but we showed that it was quite likely the rise in atmospheric CO2 itself was responsible for the lion's share of the change.
It would be incorrect to claim that our paper was an endorsement of CO2-induced global warming. Scafetta, your paper ' Phenomenological solar contribution to the — global surface warming ' is categorized by Cook et al. This implies that the true climate sensitivity to CO2 doubling is likely around 1.
Of that the sun contributed more or less as much as Load forecasting thesis anthropogenic forcings. The "less" claim is based on alternative solar models e. While critics like me have always claimed that the data would approximately indicate a natural-anthropogenic contribution at most.
What it is observed right now is utter dishonesty by the IPCC advocates. They are gradually engaging into a metamorphosis process to save face. Shaviv, your paper ' On climate response to changes in the cosmic ray flux and radiative budget ' is categorized by Cook et al.
The paper shows that if cosmic rays are included in empirical climate sensitivity analyses, then one finds that different time scales consistently give a low climate sensitiviity.
I couldn't write these things more explicitly in the paper because of the refereeing, however, you don't have to be a genius to reach these conclusions from the paper.
Moreover, as you can see from the above example, the analysis itself is faulty, namely, it doesn't even quantify correctly the number of scientists or the number of papers which endorse or diminish the importance of AGW.
Tol also found problems with the classifications, Richard S. Tol found 7 papers falsely classified and omitted, Tol: Only 10 made it into the survey.
I would rate 7 of those as neutral, and 3 as strong endorsement with quantification. Of the 3, one was rated as a weak endorsement even though it argues that the solar hypothesis is a load of bull. Of the 7, 3 were listed as an implicit endorsement and 1 as a weak endorsement.
Tol had a heated exchange with one of the " Skeptical Science " authors of Cook et al. Why is that a lie? I really think so.
How is that a misrepresentation? Did I falsely describe your sample? Carlin were also falsely classified, Nils-Axel Morner Ph.
Morner, your paper ' Estimating future sea level changes from past records ' is categorized by Cook et al. The paper is strongly against AGW, and documents its absence in the sea level observational facts.
Also, it invalidates the mode of sea level handling by the IPCC.
|Short-Term Load Forecasting using Artificial Neural Network Techniques - ethesis||Two non-linear regression models Neural Networks and Bagged Regression Trees are calibrated to forecast hourly day-ahead loads given temperature forecasts, holiday information and historical loads.|
|Important Dates||They can be used for non-linear regression, time-series modelling, classification, and many other problems.|
|CONTEMPORARY NURSING ISSUES | My Assignment Help : Samples & Case Study Review Sample||QUESTION Task description This individual assessment item provides students with an opportunity to research and critique one Contemporary Nursing issue as identified in an interview with a newly registered nurse graduate in a clinical health setting.|
Soon, your paper ' Polar Bear Population Forecasts: Rating our serious auditing paper from just a reading of the abstract or words contained in the title of the paper is surely a bad mistake.
Specifically, anyone can easily read the statements in our paper as quoted below: This is because of the uncertainty about the past and present climate and ignorance about relevant weather and climate processes. I hope my scientific views and conclusions are clear to anyone that will spend time reading our papers.Electrical Load Forecasting in R Corinne Walz, Franziska Ziemer University of Würzburg The R User Conference Rennes, France, July 9, Models, PhD thesis at Georgia Institute of echnologyT.
Electrical Load recastingFo in R Corinne Walz, Franziska Ziemer University of Würzburg Italian electricity market recastingFo. Our term paper writing manuals can save your valuable time. Take a closer look to complete your term paper and proofread it properly before submitting.
The paper, Cook et al. () 'Quantifying the consensus on anthropogenic global warming in the scientific literature' searched the Web of Science for the phrases "global warming" and "global climate change" then categorizing these results to their alleged level of endorsement of AGW.
As we are poised to enter the th month of economic expansion amidst the second longest bull market on record in the United States 1, it is definitely harder to get 'what you want' when it comes. This example demonstrates building a short term electricity load (and price) forecasting system with MATLAB ®.
Two non-linear regression models (Neural Networks and Bagged Regression Trees) are calibrated to forecast hourly day-ahead loads given temperature forecasts, holiday information and historical loads.
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THE OFFLINE LEARNING REVOLUTION: Say what you want about Khan's methods and content quality, but the company is dead set on making education accessible to the world. In the words of Jamie Alexandre, one of their intern developers, "We're currently experiencing what we're calling an 'online learning revolution'--but what about the 65% of the world that can't take advantage of it?"
Last week, the company unveiled Khan Academy Lite, a "lightweight," offline solution for those who don't have reliable Internet access. Here's how it works: the KA Lite server (which contains all the videos) can be downloaded and run on basic devices (like the $35 Raspberry Pi). Other devices then just connect to that server, rather than the Internet, to access the videos and reporting features. The potential reach is truly global: from rural communities in underdeveloped countries to the prison system right here in the U.S. (where Internet access is sometimes denied).
Equally promising is the technology behind KA Lite. Following the eventual consistency model, data is synced from device to device until until it finds a live connection to sync with KA's database. The capabilities extend well beyond KA content, though -- Alexandre imagines an offline "isolated community in Nepal being able to blog via the adhoc sneakernet."
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The National Pork Producers Council (NPPC) has stated the Humane Society of the United States (HSUS) is using scare tactics after the welfarist organisation announced steps to go to court against 51 US pig farmers.
Earlier this week, the HSUS announced to sue 51 intensive pig operations located in the states Iowa, North Carolina and Oklahoma for what it claims were unreported releases of the hazardous pollutant ammonia.
This move comes after ‘months of HSUS research’ into the issue. The organisation states that each targeted operation confines thousands, if not tens of thousands, of pigs “with the females typically in gestation crates – and emits hundreds of pounds of airborne ammonia per day.”
The new HSUS action appears to be another dimension to the HSUS fight against sow stalls. Typically, some executives at firms that received notices also hold executive or spokesperson positions for pork lobbying groups like the NPPC.
The NPPC is reviewing the statement made by the HSUS and issued this initial statement.
“Regardless (of the lawsuits), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is still evaluating air emissions data gathered from livestock and poultry operations to develop a better understanding of emissions rates, which vary considerably from farm to farm. This will allow the agency to better apply environmental laws to these complex biological systems.
“It is important to point out that HSUS is not alleging environmental harm but rather paperwork violations of EPA’s emissions reporting rule. Additionally, it is worth noting that when the reporting rule went into effect in 2009, there was widespread confusion about it, with some states refusing to accept reports, one state claiming EPA notices to report emissions were an Internet hoax and EPA’s Region 4 office initially telling producers and states there was no reporting requirement.
“HSUS’s action obviously is another scare tactic to get NPPC to back off its opposition to the HSUS Egg Bill and to the animal-rights group’s truth-twisting campaign against family farmers who use individual sow housing. (In April, HSUS threatened NPPC with a meritless Federal Trade Commission complaint.)
“In addition to not telling the truth about how hog farmers raise and care for their animals, HSUS now is lying about hog farmers’ stewardship of the environment, which is exemplary.
The NPPC closed off stating: “We also wonder why a so-called animal welfare group is sticking its nose in environmental issues.”
National Pork Board
Allan Stokes, director of enviornmental programmes for the National Pork Board (NPB) stated: “The equation EPA placed on its website was meant only as an aide for livestock producers and not as a regulatory tool or an absolute determinant of whether a livestock operation in fact exceeded any regulatory reporting thresholds.”
Among the pork production companies involved are Christensen Farms & Feedlots, Iowa Select Farms, The Maschhoffs, Seaboard, The Hanor Company of Wisconsin and Austin ‘Jack’ Decoster.
• National Pork Board
• National Pork Producers Council (NPPC)
• Humane Society of the United States (HSUS)
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<urn:uuid:2661890d-490b-44f2-a2b5-bcb370294e3d>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.pigprogress.net/pigs/us-pork-council-hsus-uses-scare-tactics-against-farmers/
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| 0.948848
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Coastal Systems: Waves 1
In the field with Simon Haslett, Professor of Physical Geography at the University of Wales, Newport, and author of Coastal Systems (2008, Routledge). Topics: Wind wave formation, sea (forced) waves, swell (free) waves, oscillatory motion. Location: Plage de Mezpeurleuch (Finistere, France). Latitude/longitude (for Google Earth): 48°0'9.40"N, 4°30'11.32"W. Further reading: S. K. Haslett (2008) Coastal Systems (2nd edition), Routledge: New York and London (see Section 2.2) (available from bookstores or www.routledge.com). Camera operator: Dr David Simm (Bath Spa University).
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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https://www.noodle.com/learn/details/180307/coastal-systems-waves-1
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Joseph Gaétan Robert Gérald (Gerry) Boulet (March 1, 1946 – July 18, 1990) was a Canadian rock singer. Most famous as vocalist for the Quebec rock band Offenbach, he also released two solo albums. He is considered one of the innovators of rock music in the joual language of French Quebec.
Born and raised in Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, he started in music with the band Les Gants Blancs, which evolved into Offenbach, in 1969.
In 1984, Boulet recorded his first solo album, Presque 40 ans de blues. The following year, the band performed a farewell concert at the Montreal Forum.
In 1987 he was diagnosed with colon cancer. Boulet released his second solo album, Rendez-vous doux, In 1989, the album won him three Félix Awards. Some songs in this album clearly talk about his fight to stay alive.
On July 18, 1990, Boulet died in Montreal of cancer. Offenbach later reunited with Martin Deschamps on vocals.
Three more albums, including a liveЧитать далее в Википедии...
Альбомы и синглы:
- Rendez-vous doux [1988, альбом]
- Gerry [1991, альбом]
- Jézabel [1994, альбом]
- Gerry Boulet... en rappel [1996, сборник]
|Caline De Blues||
|Le Chant De La Douleur||
|Les Yeux Du Coeur||
|Seulement Qu Une Aventure||
|Un Beau Grand Bateau||
|Une Derniere Fois||
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<urn:uuid:db221b4b-466a-4c27-8a1f-f9bc11227c3b>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://primanota.ru/gerry-boulet/
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There once was a girl named Tina who dreamed of becoming a great ballerina.
So she moved to the south side of France to learn how to gracefully dance.
But Tina had a problem! And this problem she just could not defeat.
She happened to be born with two very large left feet!
It pained her to hear the audience roar every time she would end up on the floor!
She vowed she would not let this get down. No not Tina!
So she joined the French circus and became a great clown!
(I've made several versions of this poem on the internet I am the original author of this poem).
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https://www.shortstories101.com/story/tina-the-would-be-ballerina/
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PURPOSE: 1)To determine the point prevalence of at risk (for OSA) patients in a tertiary care hospital2)To determine how many of these have had a sleep study for evaluation3)To determine how many patients have been diagnosed with OSA4)To determine how OSA was being treated in the diagnosed patients.
METHODS: A single day survey was conducted of all inpatients. Patients were excluded if they were intubated, on sedatives or had altered mental status. Risk of OSA was determined using STOP and STOP-BANG questionnaire.
RESULTS: 195 patients were surveyed. 115 (59%) were male and 28 (14.4%) had a BMI > 35. 116 (59.5%) admitted to snoring, 114 (58.5%) complained of tiredness, 42 (21.5%) had witnessed apneas, 110 (56.4%) had high blood pressure, 159 (81.5%) were older than 50 years and 99 (50.8%) had a neck circumference > 40 cm. 127 (65%) patients classified as high risk based on STOP questionnaire (>/= 2 positive responses) and 157 (80.5%) were high risk per STOP-BANG questionnaire (>/= 3 positive responses). Only 41 patients had been evaluated with a sleep study and 31 of these were diagnosed with OSA. 17 patients (54.8%) were using CPAP, 13 (41.9%) were not on treatment and 1 (3.2%) patient had surgery for OSA.
CONCLUSION: 1)A significant number of hospitalized patients are at risk for OSA2)Very few of these patients have had a sleep study for evaluation3)Of those diagnosed with OSA, a large proportion are not on any treatment due to intolerance to CPAP.
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: 1)Undiagnosed OSA may be associated with increased risk of complications in hospitalized patients2)Screening and evaluation for OSA in high risk inpatients should be considered as it may help reduce the burden of undiagnosed OSA.
DISCLOSURE: Sunita Kumar, No Financial Disclosure Information; No Product/Research Disclosure Information
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://journal.publications.chestnet.org/article.aspx?articleid=1087266
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The Buffalo Bill Center of the West’s "Papers of William F. Cody" has received $200,000 from the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) to continue its work collecting, editing, and publishing documents related to the lifespan of William F. “Buffalo Bill” Cody.
Cody, WY (PRWEB) November 22, 2013
The NEH grant enables the "Papers of William F. Cody" to fund salaries and research fellowships for its growing online archive at CodyArchive.org and its digital interpretive site at CodyStudies.org. The Papers collaborates with scholars and professional staff at Brigham Young University, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, and Ball State University.
By most accounts, William F. “Buffalo Bill” Cody was the most recognized celebrity in the world at the turn of the twentieth century. With his Wild West extravaganza that brought the West to the world, Cody established relationships with everyone from kings and queens to the cowboys in his show. As a result, he wrote a myriad of notes, memos, articles, letters, and a couple of autobiographies in his lifetime—and his life and times generated even more press—making the number of materials available about Cody’s life incalculable.
“But, we’re doing more than simply documenting Cody’s life,” Managing Editor Jeremy Johnston says. “We’re also looking at the social and cultural issues of the day. We call it ‘big picture, big ideas.’”
For example, Johnston notes that when Buffalo Bill’s Wild West toured Europe in 1887 and 1889, audiences in Great Britain and Germany were especially taken by the show, and their experiences shaped impressions about America before World War I.
“After a visit to Buffalo Bill’s Wild West, Europeans developed the idea that ‘cowboys could save the day,’” Johnston continues. “The idea was furthered by President Theodore Roosevelt’s visit to Europe in 1910, when the ‘touring cowboy’ met with Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany who then remarked that Roosevelt could shoot just like Buffalo Bill. Since the Wild West may have been the only connection to America that most foreign audiences had, it launched a host of political, social, and cultural implications. That’s an important part of the work of the Papers of William F. Cody.”
Since December 2012, the Papers has received in excess of $1.9 million from private donations, state funds, and federal grants. Associate Editors are located at nine educational institutions and have scanned more than 40,000 documentary and photographic images from collections held by the Center’s McCracken Research Library, and 20,000 more from online databases and research conducted worldwide. Students, researchers, and history buffs can access the material at CodyArchive.org developed by the Center for Digital Research in the Humanities, and CodyStudies.org. developed by Senior Digital Editor Dr. Doug Seefeldt at Ball State University. Finally, the Papers has an ongoing partnership to publish firsthand accounts through the University of Nebraska Press, and scholarly monographs through the University of Oklahoma Press.
“We are grateful for these latest funds toward our ongoing efforts,” Johnston adds. “In doing so, we can reveal a more complete picture of Cody and his life and times from a transnational perspective.”
Major initial funding for the Papers of William F. Cody originated from the State of Wyoming Legislature in 2007, with additional gifts of support and matching funds since then from public and private sources. Check out the Center's Website for more information.
Since 1917, the Buffalo Bill Center of the West in Cody, Wyoming, has been committed to the greatness and growth of the American West, keeping western experiences alive. The Center, an affiliate of the Smithsonian Institution, weaves the varied threads of the western experience—history and myth, art and Native culture, firearms, and the nature and science of Yellowstone—into the rich panorama that is the American West. The Center of the West has been honored with numerous awards, including the prestigious 2012 National Tour Association’s Award for “favorite museum for groups,” the 2013 TripAdvisor Certificate of Excellence, and most recently, one of the “Top 10 Must See Western Museums” by True West magazine.
The Center’s is currently open daily 10 a.m. – 5 p.m. In December, operating hours change to 10 a.m. – 5 p.m. Thursday – Sunday, closed Monday - Wednesday. For additional information, visit the Center's Web site or its page on Facebook.
For the original version on PRWeb visit: http://www.prweb.com/releases/2013/11/prweb11340529.htm
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Manchester academics begin major new study into 24/7 patient care
02 Apr 2014
A major new study is to look at how providing more hospital services around the clock affects patient care – and how cost effective it is.
The research will investigate patient experiences and outcomes at Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust over eight years to provide vital information on the benefits, costs and potential consequences of extending the hours of full operation.
It is funded by the National Institute for Health Research Health Services and Delivery Research (NIHR HS & DR) Programme and is a collaboration between Salford Royal, The University of Manchester, The University of York, The University of Bristol, and Haelo, an innovation and improvement centre, also based at Salford Royal.
Principal Investigator Professor Tim Doran said: “Nationally, patients attending hospitals outside of normal working hours, for example at night and at weekends, are more likely to receive poorer care and to have worse health outcomes than patients admitted during weekdays.
“Outside normal working hours fewer hospital staff are at work - in particular senior doctors - and a full clinical service is not available. Extending the hours for which hospitals are fully operational could therefore improve outcomes for patients.
“But it would also increase costs for the NHS, would mean staff have to work more anti-social hours, and could lead to us providing services that are under-used.”
Salford Royal has already led the way on extending its hours of full operation for acute medical patients and now provides a full service of consultant-led care in its Emergency Village – which includes A&E, the Emergency Assessment Unit and support services - from 7am to 11pm seven days a week.
The research will also assess whether the opening hours of patients’ GP surgeries are related to their attendance at hospital and their health outcomes.
The study will look at patient care in Salford from 2007 to 2015 but will also be extended to examine whether quality of care and patient outcomes varies with time of admission for all 24 Acute Hospital Trusts in the North West of England.
Professor Matthew Sutton, Professor of Health Economics at The University of Manchester, said: “This research will provide hospitals, local commissioners and the Department of Health with vital information on the costs, benefits and potential unintended consequences of extending the hours of full operation of the NHS.
“It’s a tricky area because services with the potential to meet patient demand are inter-related but often offered by different organisations. For example, the hours of operation of local general practices has an impact on the demand for services in A&E.”
Professor Doran added: “Patients have a right to expect the same high quality of care whenever they are admitted to hospital. We need to understand why patients admitted at night and at weekends have poorer outcomes, and whether these outcomes can be improved by extending normal hours of operation."
Notes for editors
For further information, please call Communications Officer Claire Mooney on 0161 206 8161 or email@example.com Image: The research will investigate patient experiences - picture posed by models
• Principal Investigator Professor Tim Doran is Professor of Health Policy at the University of York. He is a clinical epidemiologist with expertise in health policy and health service research.
• Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust has an international reputation for innovation in health care improvement and is at the leading edge of electronic patient record linkage across primary and secondary care.
• This research aims to answer four key questions:
What is the impact of changes to fully-operational hours on access to services for different population and patient groups?
How do service re-configurations affect quality of care and patient outcomes for different population and patient groups?
How should staff be best deployed to deliver care throughout the week?
What balance of fully-operational hours represents the most cost-effective use of NHS resources?
• The National Institute for Health Research Health Services and Delivery Research (NIHR HS&DR) Programme was established to fund a broad range of research. It builds on the strengths and contributions of two NIHR research programmes: the Health Services Research (HSR) programme and the Service Delivery and Organisation (SDO) programme, which merged in January 2012. The programme aims to produce rigorous and relevant evidence on the quality, access and organisation of health services, including costs and outcomes. The programme will enhance the strategic focus on research that matters to the NHS. The HS&DR Programme is funded by the NIHR with specific contributions from the CSO in Scotland, NISCHR in Wales and the HSC R&D Division, Public Health Agency in Northern Ireland. www.nets.nihr.ac.uk/programmes/hsdr
• The National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) is funded by the Department of Health to improve the health and wealth of the nation through research. Since its establishment in April 2006, the NIHR has transformed research in the NHS. It has increased the volume of applied health research for the benefit of patients and the public, driven faster translation of basic science discoveries into tangible benefits for patients and the economy, and developed and supported the people who conduct and contribute to applied health research. The NIHR plays a key role in the Government’s strategy for economic growth, attracting investment by the life-sciences industries through its world-class infrastructure for health research. Together, the NIHR people, programmes, centres of excellence and systems represent the most integrated health research system in the world. For further information, visit the NIHR website (www.nihr.ac.uk).
• The future of 24/7 care: investigating the links between staffing levels, patient access and inequalities in health outcomes is a collaboration between Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, The University of Manchester, The University of York, The University of Bristol, and Haelo, an innovation and improvement centre, also based at Salford Royal.
• This article presents independent research funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR). The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health.
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|
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|
Activists criticize Vectren plan to keep 1 coal-fired plant
EVANSVILLE, Ind. (AP) — A utility that serves about 145,000 customers in southwestern Indiana plans to close three coal-fired power plants while adding solar and wind power as part of a larger proposal that environmental groups are criticizing because it would keep one coal power plant in operation.
Vectren officials said the proposed switch will save customers an estimated $320 million over 20 years and lower carbon dioxide emissions about 75% from 2005 levels.
“It’s a cost-effective plan built on cleaner generation,” said company spokeswoman Natalie Hedde.
While Vectren will retire the two coal-fired plants at its A.B. Brown power plant in Posey County and one of the two coal units at its F.C. Culley power plant in Warrick County, there is no plan to stop using Culley’s remaining 230-megawatt coal-fired generating station, said Matt Rice, the company’s manager of resource planning.
That power station is fully equipped with pollution controls for sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide and particulate pollution, Rice said.
Environmental advocates are disappointed that the utility intends to continue burning coal at the Culley plant, while adding 460 megawatts of natural gas generated power generation capacity, the Evansville Courier & Press reported.
The Sierra Club and other groups want Vectren to switch entirely to renewable energy.
Melissa Williams, a spokeswoman for the Sierra Club’s Beyond Coal Campaign, said continuing to operate the Culley coal-fired generating station keeps Vectren customers on the hook for the high cost of maintaining that aging plant, which opened in 1973.
The details of Vectren’s plans are part of its preferred portfolio of energy generation sources over the next 20 years, which was made public as it develops its latest Integrated Resource Plan. Indiana law requires utilities to update those plans every three years, with public input, to detail how much electricity each thinks it will need and how that power will be generated.
Wendy Bredhold, senior campaign representative for the Sierra Club’s Beyond Coal Campaign, said Vectren indicated in its presentation that there’s high customer demand for renewable energy
“Instead Vectren chose to continue to burn coal and build new gas plants that will become stranded assets at some point in the not too distant future,” she said, adding that the utility’s plan “simply does not meet the demands of the day.”
Vectren will file its plan with the Indiana Utility Regulatory Commission on June 30 and there will be an opportunity for public comment, said Jason Stephenson, Vectren’s vice president and general counsel. The commission must approve individual components of the plan.
Hedde, the utility’s spokeswoman, said Vectren’s analysis showed that its choice of power generation portfolios was the most cost-effective over the next 20 years.
“The renewable piece is certainly what we are going to lead with,” she said.
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After speaking with Jakov Kucan about customer input and the alpha testers, I got in touch with a few of these testers to hear some of their preliminary feedback about Mathcad Prime 2.0. I heard from two Design Engineers- Gnouni Yengoian and Mike Armstrong, a Senior Technology Engineer- Bert Beirinckx, a Professor Emeritus- Clyde Metz, and a current professor- Michael Thackston. I asked them about the difference and improvements of Mathcad Prime 2.0 compared to other past versions. Here is what they said:
The users said the major difference between Mathcad Prime 2.0 and older versions was the layout/ interface and the Excel component. Metz said, “The major change… is the use of the banner instead of dropdown menus… the banner is quicker and, in my opinion, organized better. I can spot an icon much faster than trying to interpret phrases on the dropdown menu.” Yengoian believed, “The ability to utilize Microsoft Excel is by far the most useful improvement.”
In addition to this, Beirinckx also said “Performance has improved dramatically after the Alpha-version, and Prime 2.0 is starting to look like something an experienced Mathcad user can work with.”
Some of the features the users were most excited to share about Mathcad Prime 2.0, that they couldn’t do before, were “three-dimensional (surface) graphing ability of data and the matrix representation of the data tables. Also… the additional methods for solving differential equations.” Another said, “Utilizing hidden areas and using various graphs and images from other documents without the risk of corrupting the Mathcad file.”
Still another user stated, “I would consider mixed unit arrays the most improved feature. I have been limited over the years when dealing with large amounts of data due to the exclusion of MDA’s after Mathcad 11. I have also found the new Excel component is a massive improvement on previous versions.” With this variety in favorites, it is clear Mathcad Prime 2.0 has a lot to offer the user.
Along with having exciting new features, Mathcad Prime 2.0 has proved to be a time saver. One user said “Because the content in a Mathcad worksheet (old or new) appears very similar to what appears in textbooks… it is easy to read and correct errors… It’s easy to prepare a worksheet. Also, being able to look at various Mathcad electronic books and being able to copy/paste content from these books to the worksheet definitely helps in creating a worksheet. Anything that makes things easier to enter or read is a time saver.”
Yengoian agreed for different reasons saying, “The standardized calculation worksheets have cut our engineering hours by half, if not more. We expect to further improve our efficiency, as future revisions allow us to standardize more aspects of our work.”
Additionally Thackston said, “The overall look of a Prime worksheet is a little bit nicer; it looks a bit more polished. I can use fully-justified text. That may sound like an odd thing to mention for this type of “tool”, but something that I emphasize, is that Mathcad is a really good document-creating tool. The appearance, as well as the content, of a document can be important.” Another user said, “New users will be very impressed by Mathcad Prime 2.0… The layout is clear and the formatting of documents has improved from Prime 1.0.”
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| 0.948255
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Carbon Free ComputingVIA Carbon Free Computing is an initiative launched by VIA Technologies, a manufacturer of microprocessors and chipsets in October 2006. Carbon Free Computing is a set of programs and products designed to help individuals and organizations reduce their impact on the environment. The VIA Carbon Free Computing is a part of the VIA Green Computing Initiative.
Under the initiative VIA offers a line of PC products certified as Carbon Free. According to the company, VIA works with environmental experts to calculate the electricity used by an average Carbon Free Computing product over its lifetime, assumed to be 3 years. Then from the amount of electricity used, VIA calculates how much carbon dioxide emissions will be released into the environment mainly as a result of fossil fuel burning power plants, and then works with regional offset organizations to "offset" that amount of carbon dioxide through projects such as reforestation, investments in alternative energy, and Energy conservation. (Adapted from VIA Carbon Free Computing)
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The Open System Interconnection (OSI) model defines a networking framework to implement protocols in seven layers. Use this handy guide to compare... Read More »
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CC-MAIN-2016-44
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en
| 0.872897
| 410
| 3.46875
| 3
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COMPUTER APPLICATIONS FOR FOOD AND BEVERAGE OPERATIONS
|Hours / Week
The objective of this course is to equip culinary arts students with a good understanding of the general functions of computer hardware and software for day-to-day operations. In addition, desktop applications and web-based tools are covered, with an emphasis on spreadsheet and graphics. This course lays the foundation for general literacy in IT, terminology, and hands-on capabilities.
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.iftm.edu.mo/_IFTWebServices/TCSI_App/Course.aspx?course_id=INFO113&lang=en&frame=
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en
| 0.849818
| 119
| 1.859375
| 2
|
‘Every human being is ultimately a pilgrim in search of truth and goodness…(if) truth is authentically lived, it opens the path to dialogue with the other, it excludes no one and it commits everyone to be a builder of fraternity and peace’
- the Vatican 2011
In Italy in 1986, ‘a milestone event in inter-religious relations’ occurred when Pope John Paul II convened the Inter-Religious Meeting of Prayer for Peace. This historic event was held in Assisi - a city intimately associated with Saint Francis, who is famed as a leading proponent of peace and friendship.
Assisi - sourced Bing Images: free photos
Although strongly criticised by some who believed the event inappropriately combined elements from Christian and non-Christian religions, millions around the world supported the event which was a huge success, with many of the world's religious leaders and representatives, converging to promote inter-religious harmony and understanding, through dialogue and prayer.
Gathering centre stage, Hindus, Muslims, Jains, Rabbis, Japanese, Cambodian and Tibetan Buddhists, the Greek Orthodox Patriarch and the Bishop of Canterbury, the Dalai Lama, African religious leaders and the Pope, joined with thousands of people to pray for world peace.
I believe - as many others will I'm sure, that the summit was powerfully symbolic. It demonstrated to the world how religious barriers can be put aside for a common good, the need for people to come together for positive change, the universal power of peace and prayer, and how courageous 'enlightened' leadership - religious or otherwise, can best serve humanity
Events such as this - and others which followed it, also serve as a visual reminder of the ‘plurality of the world of religion’, as well as the unity that can be found at the heart of them all.
You might also like - 'Advocates for peace - the Dalai Lama' in May archives and 'Parliament of the World's Religions' in Pages section
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<urn:uuid:3c31ec6b-411a-4b06-9583-c6c6f8b3a031>
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http://onelightmanylamps.blogspot.com/2012/05/peace-summit-assisi-1986.html
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| 0.953585
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Above: Naken yngling (Naked Young Man)
Jansson (March 18, 1862 - June 15, 1915) could be described as the first gay Swedish painter. His academic painting career started fairly conventionally as he began studies in 1878 at Slojdskolan (later known as the Technical School). However upon meeting painters returning from France, he joined a Swedish avant-garde movement known as the Opponents who showed their work independently. Jansson stayed with the group which later became known as the League of Artists to its conclusion.
Jansson travelled rarely evidenced by his paintings of mostly Stockholm scenes. He lived with his mother and was a recluse, somewhat owing to a hearing loss that resulted from a childhood illness. His work was somber, mystical, and mostly blue. An important influence was Edvard Munch.
As his sense of isolation increased he painted less and less and ceased exhibiting his work. In 1907 he began painting again, and his output was prolific. He concentrated on the male nude, a subject he had always wanted to explore, but could not until he was established and financially secure. His desire to depict the naked male form coincided perfectly with the rise of the Vitalism Movement in Northern Europe.
In 1907 Jansson's new direction was launched with a monumental painting, Naken yngling (Naked Young Man). It depicted his close companion Knut Hyman in the gymnasium. Jansson and Nyman became friends at the Naval bath-house in Stockholm, where Jansson was a visitor. The two men shared a home in Jansson's studio until 1912.
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NanoString Technologies says a second clinical validation trial looking at whether its new breast cancer diagnostic test could accurately gauge the risk of recurrence for a particular kind of breast cancer generated robust results with a high degree of accuracy. That good news, the company adds, will form the basis of its FDA regulatory submission for the assay (though it remains coy as to when that will be).
Positive clinical results will also help propel the test's European launch in early 2013, following a CE mark earlier this fall. The company has had a hearty fall, also attracting $15.3 million in Series E funding to help propel the assay's commercial launch, as well as commercial preparations.
This second clinical trial is known as ABCSG8 (Austrian Breast & Colorectal Cancer Study Group 8) and involved evaluating more than 1,400 patient samples using the PAM50 gene expression signature. Simply put, the test was proven to be highly accurate in gauging the risk of cancer recurrence over 10 years in women, post menopause, who have hormone-receptor-positive early-stage breast cancer and are treated with endocrine therapy alone. In other words, the data met primary and secondary objectives, echoing similar results from last year's TransATAC study.
Diagnostics are attracting healthy investor attention, something that NanoString's executives are well aware of. The company began its existence as a scientific toolmaker but jumped into a new diagnostics clinical development program two years ago. And the company hopes to leverage its connection to the PAM50 gene signature, for which the company says it has an exclusive global license. Over time, it hopes to develop both in vitro diagnostics and research products for breast cancer using the PAM50 gene signature.
- read the release
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I am sorry to note that your 2-year-old niece is unwell with a chronic cough
that are not respnding to strong antibiotics.
I hope a Chest XRay has been done and has excluded a pneumonia. Sometimes pneumonia in little children can take longer to resolve leaving a chronic cough but if this prolonged, a cause must be established.
If infections with bacteria are common in her (such as sinusitis, pneumonia, skin etc) then a full blood count must be done and low lymphocyte count
excluded. If low lymphocyte count persists, antibody levels with CD3/4/8/19 levels must be done with IgG,A,M levels to exclude an immunodeficiency
(mostly antibody deficiency
). This is very rare but most important to exclude.
A chronic allergy such as to house dust mite, cockroach is more common and a chronic cough (mostly dry very occasionally wet) is seen. Reflux disease in children is also a cause of chronic cough at nights allong with asthma. A trial of omeprazole syrup and salbutamol
syrup/inhaler for 3-4 weeks can be recommended.
I hope this was useful.
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Out of the facts of chemistry the constructive imagination of Dalton formed the atomic theory.
The atomic theory may be advantageously resorted to, in this predicament.
Here is the beginning of the atomic theory; and yet Dalton's strictly chemical experimental work lies in the future.
This, it will be seen, was the parent of our present atomic theory.
It possesses the same merits in relation to Geometry that the atomic theory has in relation to algebraic calculus.
Apart from the atomic theory there is no obvious reason why this should be so.
We are told, for example, that the theory of gravitation is at best a hypothesis, and that such is the atomic theory.
The establishment of the atomic theory now engaged most of his time and attention.
We mean, of course, the atomic theory of Leucippus and Democritus.
His theory of the universe was based on the atomic theory of Democritus.
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Innovating Your Curriculum and Planning Your Year
Professional development for Waldorf teachers and homeschool parents
This course will help you to revitalize your teaching and engage your students through these challenging middle school years.
Middle school science teacher Gary Banks will take you through a phenomenological approach to curriculum development, guiding you through his experience of creating a new environmental science block. From this experience, you will discover how to extract that methodology for applications in other subject areas, and be supported in developing your own new block.
In grade-specific breakout groups, class teachers will guide you in addressing the essentials of grades seven and eight, helping you to prioritize key themes and structure your year. (Come prepared with your school’s ’17-18 calendar!)
Through discussions, presentations, and practical activities, your “think-tank” style week will include:
– A focused look at child development, addressing the critical issues and challenges around the complexities of teaching early adolescents
– Practicing the methodology for curriculum innovation, and time and space to apply the principles you’ve learned to develop a new block specifically suited for your particular class
– Grade-specific sessions for looking at your subject areas, including the math, history, science, and language arts curriculum, to prioritize your lessons and plan your year ahead
– Explorations in eurythmy to accompany and support your learning
– Curriculum indications for an environmental science block
This course is a unique opportunity for seventh and eighth grade teachers to combine a practical exploration into curriculum innovation with opportunities to prepare for your upcoming year.
Grade-specific resource materials will be provided to you when you arrive on campus.
This course is taught with the expectation that you have a background in Waldorf Education.
Gary Banks (Lead) currently teaches chemistry, biology, and other sciences, as well as music, at The Rudolf Steiner School of Ann Arbor (MI), where is also the high school faculty chair. Among the middle school lessons Gary regularly teaches are the unique bicycle block and chemistry and environmental science main lessons. Gary is also on the faculty of the Waldorf Institute of Southeast Michigan and has been a presenter in the Teaching Sensible Science course and has taught in a number of other teacher training and Foundation Studies Courses since 2003. From 1993-2001, Gary took a class from first to eighth grade at the Denver Waldorf School (CO), then worked as a high school science teacher at High Mowing School (NH) and a class teacher at Pine Hill Waldorf School (NH) before moving to Michigan. He has bachelor’s and master’s degrees in Aerospace Engineering and worked as a research engineer on the NASA Space Station project before entering teaching. Gary completed his MEd at Antioch New England Graduate School. He is passionate about science and has enjoyed developing the phenomenological approach to science in his courses for students and teachers; he is also an enthusiastic backpacker, gardener, singer, and musician.
Calisa Tucker (Seventh Grade Curriculum) is currently teaching grade seven at The Rudolf Steiner School of Ann Arbor (MI). Calisa has been a class teacher at the school since 2002. Her first class, which she taught from second through eighth grade, completed their eighth grade year in 2010. Prior to becoming a Waldorf teacher, Calisa worked on an Organizational Learning and Lean Manufacturing internal consulting team for Ford Motor Company. Lessons learned in the automotive industry inspired her to seek out an education that nurtured systems thinking, creativity, and a love of learning. In 1999 during her Montessori teacher training, Calisa rediscovered Waldorf Education; after completing her Montessori training, she completed her Waldorf teacher education through what is now the Waldorf Institute of Southeast Michigan. Calisa also received bachelor’s and master’s degrees in Industrial and Operations Engineering from the University of Michigan. She enjoys backpacking, traveling, and watching high school sporting competitions.
Dianne McGaunn (Eighth Grade Curriculum) is eighth grade math co-teacher, seventh grade math teacher, and a math mentor at Waldorf School at Moraine Farm (MA). Dianne has been teaching in Waldorf schools since 2004, first as a class teacher at the Waldorf School of Princeton and then taking a class from grades one through eight at Moraine Farm. Since graduating that class in 2015, Dianne, who has a particular interest in middle school work, has been teaching middle school math in different capacities in Waldorf and non-Waldorf schools, as well as mentoring teachers. She has participated in administrative and College work in Waldorf schools and, prior to becoming a Waldorf educator, had careers in public and private accounting and in the computer industry. Dianne holds a BBA in Accounting and Business from UMass Amherst, an MS in Computer Information Systems from Bentley University, and an MSEd from Sunbridge College. She enjoys yoga, gardening, and experimenting with technology and is dedicated to supporting teachers in their work and helping students find meaning and joy in learning.
Sunday, July 16: Optional campus tour 5:30-6pm; Registration 6-7pm; First session runs from 7-9pm
Monday, July 17-Thursday, July 20: Classes begin each day by 8:30am and run through 5:30pm, with an hour for lunch and short breaks for morning and afternoon snacks.
Friday, July 21: Classes begin by 8:30am and end by 1pm.
$795 (includes all materials and non-refundable $75 registration fee). Discounts may apply; see registration form for details.
Visit https://www.sunbridge.edu for further information.
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Nice Halloweens Are A Thing Of The Past
There was a time when Halloween was really nice; a lot of fun for kids who would trek the streets in their costumes, shopping bags fairly bursting with goodies, and lots of laughter. Then it was not so nice; more scary, really. People were afraid to go out at night — trekking or otherwise — because there were bad people out there who would steal Halloween shopping bags just as soon as pull out a gun and rob somebody of his or her wallet. That was scary and prompted Mom to say to the kids, “Let’s go out in the daylight, kiddies, and I’ll go along with you.”
There were the Halloween parties, of course, where adults and almost-adults would get into costume and go to someone’s house or to a club, dance and have a few drinks and, well, make a night of it. A harmless night.
A few years later — I don’t think it was too long ago — things became scarier at this time of year; when the fear was not necessarily of costumes and things purposefully going bump in the night, but, rather, of those “bumping” things being a hard instrument hitting your head.
Many of us can remember, though (it seems like such a long time ago) when little kids could do their trick-or-treating after school and into the evening hours, even if it was getting dark outside. Hell, mothers were pretty confident that nothing would happen, so they even let them go a few blocks in costume at night. What fun!
It was, for the most part, delightful to have the youngsters come to the door in that finest Norman Rockwell tradition and hold out the Halloween bags so they could get their fill of candies and whatnots for the end-of-the-day happy discovery.
However, as the crime rate started rising, so, too, did the fear. Getting “mugged” was scary, true, but the kids also feared a confrontation with neighborhood teenagers. Older kids threw egg and sprayed shaving cream. “Hell Night” deemed worse than “Prank Night.”
On “Hell Night,” marauding groups would do their dirty deeds, not just rubbing soap on store windows or a little graffiti or some other relatively harmless, inoffensive piece of mischief, but something much more drastic. It wasn’t more than ten years ago that the city of Detroit, Michigan was overrun with idiots who decided the best pranks they could think of were looting stores and setting homes afire. Their delight was of the pyromaniac kind, and those responsible were arrested and, yes, put in jail for a long time. These were not treated as childish pranks.
Of course, it stands to reason that it would be wise to discuss with your kids just what they can, and can’t do. You want them to be safe, of course, but you want them to have fun. The teenagers, unfortunately, have to be given direction (lovingly), so don’t forget to be a little bit stern with them as far as appropriate behavior goes. Sometimes they can get caught up in it and can find themselves in a sticky situation involving pranks or worse. Before that happens, let them know you were once a kid too, and it won’t hurt to walk away when the situation warrants. Don’t forget to set rules for the kids. They’ll love you for it later.
Maybe we’ll be lucky at our house this coming Halloween night. Perhaps we’ll be visited by a Rockwell-like character, or a kid dressed like Goofy or Mickey Mouse or with his or her face painted like a character out of “Cats.”
Or maybe not…
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Which Joe gave his name to ‘sloppy joes’? We look at five interesting sandwiches and their lexical origins.
1The buttock or rump bone of cattle.
- ‘The aitchbone may be cut in a fully automatic operation performed when the carcass is suspended on overhead rails.’
- ‘It also contains aitchbone and a fat covering on the outer muscle.’
- ‘Cut along a line following the line of the aitchbone and through the ball and socket. Remove the aitchbone.’
- ‘The bone at the sirloin end - the aitchbone - can be removed by the butcher, which makes carving the complicated lamb leg much easier.’
- 1.1 A cut of beef lying over the aitchbone.
- ‘The aitchbone forms part of the silverside and contains the tail-bone.’
- ‘I find aitchbone or topside good enough.’
- ‘Terrine of aitchbone and vegetables at a selection of season salads and filled horseradish crêpe’
- ‘Organic Beef Aitchbone Joint.’
- ‘He also promised that he would get an aitchbone of beef for all the family weddings.’
- ‘Technical service supervisors pull 10 samples from the conveyor hourly and measure them on each side for length of shoulder scribe, rib scribe, neck bone and aitchbone.’
- ‘To slice, cut parallel to the aitchbone on a diagonal.’
Late 15th century, from dialect nache ‘rump’, from Old French, based on Latin natis buttock(s), + bone. The initial n in a nache bone was lost by wrong division; compare with adder.
We take a look at several popular, though confusing, punctuation marks.
From Afghanistan to Zimbabwe, discover surprising and intriguing language facts from around the globe.
The definitions of ‘buddy’ and ‘bro’ in the OED have recently been revised. We explore their history and increase in popularity.
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| 0.934461
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|
Bachelors in Applied Physics
How To Apply
To apply, click on this link
PKR 32,000/- per Semester
Applied Physics is the study of the basic laws of nature and their application to modern technologies. The BS in Applied Physics program is designed to give students a broad background in physics while at the same time relating this background to applications used in technology-based industries including optical science (with a laser physics emphasis), microelectronics (using NJIT's clean room facility), computer-based laboratory instrumentation and astronomy
Degree requirement for this program is:
- FSC or equivalent (Maths,Physics) with 50 % marks or DAE with 60 % marks from any recognized institution.
The considerable flexibility inherent in the physics curricula is advantageous to students who wish to work out individual programs of study. At the same time, this flexibility suggests the need for consultation with advisors so students can make the best use of elective hours and avoid scheduling difficulties that may arise in later semesters. Students may utilize their elective freedom in the physics curricula to specialize in particular areas of physics, to prepare for careers in interdisciplinary areas of science, to compose a preprofessional program, or to gain a background in other technical or nontechnical disciplines. Students should contact their academic advisor for assistance in planning programs of study with emphasis directed toward a particular objective.
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| 0.907042
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When I shop for groceries, personal care products and dietary supplements, I spend a lot of time studying the labels. In fact, I immediately turn to the back of the label, because the front is usually filled with misleading marketing language that doesn’t accurately reflect what’s inside.
The problem is that sometimes, the ingredients list and/or supplement facts panel also fail to accurately reflect what’s in the product — as I recently learned when I stumbled across a class-action lawsuit against Olli and P&G.
The two companies sell over-the-counter melatonin supplements. It turns out that each pill contained significantly more melatonin than indicated on the supplement facts panel, causing customers to overdose on the sleep-inducing hormone.
While the inaccurate dosing information on those melatonin supplements was likely due to a lack of quality control during the manufacturing process, there are countless examples of intentionally misleading marketing language on labels.
So in this month’s newsletter, I wanted to share some of the marketing tactics I’ve seen brands use to try and pass off low-quality products as healthy options.
Before we dive into the details, I would like to thank Lumen for sponsoring this month’s newsletter. Lumen is a metabolic breath analyzer that enables you to improve your metabolic health and flexibility. Scroll down for more information, including a discount code.
Let’s start by picking apart some of the most common marketing language you’ll see on product labels, listed in alphabetical order:
- All Natural
- Fat-Free (or Low Fat)
- Fortified (Cereals, Milk)
- Great Source of Vitamins
- Healthy Ingredients
- No Added Sugar
- Vegetarian Fed (Chickens, Pork, Eggs)
Let’s talk more about each of these label claims.
1. All Natural
The term “all natural” is completely meaningless and does not signify whether a product or its ingredients are healthy. Examples of “all natural” compounds you wouldn’t want in your diet include arsenic, E. coli, lead, gluten, linoleic acid and phytoestrogens.
When I see products with this label, I view it as an indication that the brand is trying hard to make an unhealthy product look healthy. As a result, I recommend you steer clear of such products unless you’re an experienced label reader.
2. Fat-Free (or Low Fat)
The terms “fat-free” and “low fat” are misleading labels that many people associate with healthy products because there is still a misconception that fat (particularly saturated fat and cholesterol) is terrible for your health.
As discussed in this article, saturated fat is actually good for your health. It doesn’t clog your arteries, and it doesn’t increase your risk of cardiovascular disease.
While I have no issue with certain (naturally) fat-free foods, such as sweet fruits, I recommend staying away from most processed foods that are labeled as fat-free.
After all, removing fat from a product almost always means adding sugar — fat-free yogurt being a prime example.
I recommend buying plain, full-fat products made with A2 milk if you like yogurt. We make our own yogurt using full-fat milk from 100% grass-fed cows.
3. Fortified (Cereals, Crackers)
Many parents feed their kids fortified foods in an effort to ensure they get an adequate amount of micronutrients. The problem is that junk food that has been “fortified” with synthetic vitamins (that the body can’t absorb) is still junk food. I’m specifically referring to cereals or crackers.
In other words, if the food you feed your kids isn’t naturally nutrient-dense, you shouldn’t be providing it in the first place.
Remember, most processed foods contain inflammatory ingredients — such as grains, nuts, seeds and vegetable oils — that can damage the delicate lining inside the gut and cause chronic inflammation (among other issues).
Additionally, the body poorly absorbs synthetic minerals and vitamins added to fortified foods and most of them end up in the toilet.
Meat, fat and organs from responsibly-raised and wild-caught animals, pastured egg yolks, and raw dairy are naturally rich in nutrients and do not require fortification.
If your kids are like mine and don’t like the taste of organ meat, or are sensitive to dairy or eggs, consider sneaking these nutrient-dense foods into meatballs or patties (we have been successfully doing that with our kids) or offering them freeze-dried beef liver capsules.
Our six and eight-year-olds get a whole serving of liver every day in the form of freeze-dried liver capsules.
None of the products I consider to be fit for human consumption — responsibly raised animals, pastured eggs, raw honey and sweet fruits — are natural sources of gluten. In other words, you’ll likely only see that label on processed products you shouldn’t be eating on a regular basis anyway.
Regardless, a “gluten-free” designation can be helpful for those who suffer from celiac disease. The problem is that many people who don’t have celiac disease equate “gluten-free” with healthy, which is often not the case.
For example, gluten free cookies that contain almond flour and vegetable oil aren’t any healthier than those made with wheat flour and butter. In fact, I’d argue that wheat flour is healthier than (though not healthy) a combination of almond flour and vegetable oil, since the latter combo has twice the potential to irritate your gut and negatively impact your metabolism.
Of course, like I said above: if you have celiac disease and even trace amounts of gluten can set off an allergic reaction, the label gluten-free is meaningful. But even in that case, I’d argue that buying only products that are naturally gluten-free is the better (and healthier) option than buying products that were made gluten-free.
5. Great Source of Vitamins
While gut microbes can produce certain micronutrients, we need to obtain many of them from the food we eat. As a result, consuming nutrient-dense foods is vital for optimal health.
However, many micronutrients exist in various forms in nature, and not all of those forms are readily absorbable.
For example, meat (and in particular, organ meat such as liver) contains retinol, a highly absorbable and bioavailable type of preformed vitamin A.
Plants, on the other hand, have beta carotene and other precursors of vitamin A that are poorly absorbed and not very bioavailable. The same goes for iron, vitamin K and other micronutrients.
So if you see products at the grocery store that claim to be an excellent source of certain vitamins or minerals, know that there’s a good chance the body will poorly absorb the nutrients contained in those foods.
Examples include spinach (non-heme-iron, vitamin K1) and carrots (beta carotene).
The best source of vitamins and minerals is organ meat from ruminant animals and, in particular, liver. That’s why I decided to launch a line of freeze-dried organ meat supplements to offer readily-absorbable nutrients to those who don’t like the taste or texture of fresh organs.
When we buy beef or meat from other ruminant animals, we try to find grass-fed options because grass (as opposed to grains) is those animals’ appropriate diet.
The thing is that all cows are fed grass at some stage of their life. For example, after being weaned from their mother’s milk, calves have to eat grass to properly develop. But after that developmental period, most of them are moved to a feedlot to fatten up on grains.
As a result, brands can claim their products — including meat, milk and cheese — are grass-fed, despite the fact that the animal was eating GMO grains (including corn and soy) for the majority of its life.
Kerrygold — a popular brand that sells “grass-fed” butter and cheese — uses this misleading tactic. A judge recently ruled that the company can continue using the grass-fed label because they’re not saying their products are 100% grass-fed.
The moral of the story is that the term “grass-fed” doesn’t mean much. Instead, look for products that come from 100% grass-fed, grass-finished and pasture-raised animals. My 100% grass-fed beef liver capsules fall into that category.
The brands we trust for 100% grass-fed products include White Oak Pastures*, Maple Hill, Alexandre Family Farms (not all their products are 100% grass-fed) and a bunch of local farms here in the Atlanta area. If you live near me, reply to this email and I’ll hook you up with some names.
7. Healthy Ingredients
The USDA says whole grains are healthy. Advocates of plant-based diets claim that eating plants is healthy. And some people think that “everything in moderation” is a good adage to live by.
I don’t agree with any of those assessments, but it illustrates that the word “healthy” on a food label may not mean anything because there is no universally accepted definition of what “healthy” means.
I’d say that most products that claim healthy ingredients on their label are trying to appeal to an audience that wants to consume healthier food but has no idea what that would actually require.
I recommend being critical of products that use terms like “healthy ingredients” on their label. Chances are the product actually contains unhealthy ingredients.
8. No Added Sugar
Added sugar (together with seed oils) is one of the main factors contributing to the deteriorating health of our society. As a result, products that contain no added sugars are often (but not always) better than those that have them.
However, it’s essential to understand that a bag of potato chips made with inflammatory vegetable oils is bad for you, even if it doesn’t contain added sugars.
The same applies to fruit juices.
For example, apple juice — with or without added sugar (much like most other liquid carbohydrates) — is unhealthy because it raises your blood glucose levels aggressively while providing relatively limited nutritional value.
Additionally, there’s a trick that some brands use to add sugar without having to declare it as such. I’m referring to the use of fruit juices, which don’t count as “added sugars” as far as labeling laws are concerned, but are still sugar.
For produce, the label “non-GMO” means that the seeds of the plants used to make the product weren’t genetically modified (e.g., for better resistance to pests). However, it doesn’t mean that the plants weren’t modified using traditional cross-breeding techniques or selection.
For example, the wheat we grow today (even the few non-GMO varieties that are left) has very little in common with the ancient grains our ancestors may have consumed thousands of years ago. The problem is that with every genetic change we make, we also introduce new types of proteins that our bodies are not accustomed to. As a result, we increase the likelihood of allergic reactions or sensitivities.
The same principle applies to other plants, including fruits and starchy tubers. Tubers that grew hundreds or thousands of years ago were less sweet and much more fibrous, so they were undoubtedly not the staple that modern tubers are.
The bottom line is that “non-GMO” is a step in the right direction, but it’s not the holy grail of food. Also, non-GMO junk food is still junk food.
On a side note, if a food is labeled as organic, it’s automatically non-GMO as well.
We buy organic fruits and vegetables whenever possible because we want to limit our exposure to chemicals. However, most people don’t know that organic doesn’t mean “chemical-free.”
The USDA maintains a list of allowed chemicals farmers can use to grow organic produce, and many of them aren’t good for your health.
In other words, by buying organic produce you get exposed to fewer chemicals than when buying conventionally grown produce, but you won’t escape those toxins completely.
The other trick some organic brands use is to grow fruits (especially berries and leafy greens) in water rather than soil to reduce the need for pesticides. Unfortunately, healthy soil is one of the most important factors in growing nutrient-dense food, and replacing that with liquid plant food isn’t the same thing.
As a result, you can expect the organic berries you find at Costco, Whole Foods and other places to be significantly less nutrient-dense than those organically grown in soil.
Here’s the thing: we like berries but we don’t eat them because of their nutrients (we get those from organ meats). We just eat them because we like how they taste. And as long as they’re free of most toxins, we’re OK with that.
On a side note, we grow a good portion of the berries we eat in our backyard without using any chemicals (organic or otherwise).
Until a few years ago, I thought that pasture-raised also meant 100% grass-fed. Unfortunately, that’s not always the case. Some brands make pasture-raised claims even if the animals didn’t spend their entire lives on a pasture. But even 100% pasture-raised animals may have had access to grain-based feed.
For products containing the meat or milk of ruminant animals, it’s best to look for “100% pasture-raised” and “100% grass-fed” labels.
For pork and poultry, the label “pastured” is a good indication of appropriate living conditions. However, it doesn’t mean that the animals weren’t fed a diet that may negatively impact your health (and that of the animal).
For example, virtually all pigs and chickens in this country are fed a diet heavy in corn and soy, increasing the inflammatory omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio in their fat tissue.
That’s the main reason we limit our pork and chicken intake.
On a side note, White Oak Pastures* (where we buy a lot of the beef and chicken we consume) recently stopped feeding their chickens corn and soy, and their pigs are next on the list for this welcome upgrade!
Unfortunately, many people still believe that consuming plants is good for your health. As a result, plant-based products are considered healthy.
The truth is that the opposite is usually the case, because many plant-based processed foods (e.g., cooking oils, sausages or fake meat patties) are filled with unhealthy ingredients, including seed oils.
Just compare the ingredient list of a Beyond Burger patty (25 ingredients) with a regular patty (one ingredient), and you’ll realize what I’m talking about.
As a result, I avoid processed foods that are labeled vegan or plant-based. Instead, I always choose 100% grass-fed meat over fake meat; animal fats (such as tallow or butter) over vegetable oils; raw honey over maple syrup; and raw milk over nut, soy or oat milk.
(PS: Maple syrup is OK to consume but isn’t better or healthier than raw honey.)
If you follow a low-carb diet or try to avoid sugar, the term “sugar free” might sound appealing. Unfortunately, it doesn’t always mean you’re buying a healthy product.
For example, FDA labeling guidelines allow brands to claim the product has no sugar if it has less than one gram per serving. While that may not sound like a big deal, it could mean that the three packs of “zero sugar” sweetener you pour into your coffee have, in fact, almost three grams of sugar. That’s almost a tablespoon.
The second problem with sugar-free products is that brands often substitute sugar for artificial sweeteners, such as sucralose, that are known to negatively impact both the microbiome in your gut as well as your glucose metabolism.
The bottom line is that not all sugar-free products are good for your health, and you need to read the label carefully to understand what sugar substitutes were used instead.
14. Vegetarian Fed (Chickens, Pork, Eggs)
Seeing the label “vegetarian fed” on a carton of eggs makes me giggle, because it’s an honest admission that the chickens were fed a diet that’s inappropriate for the species.
Chickens are insectivores, and while they can also extract nutrients from plants, it’s not their ideal diet.
Unfortunately, there aren’t any commercial alternatives (that I know of) regarding chickens, pork and eggs.
In other words, the best you can do is look for eggs that were fed a corn and soy-free diet.
As you can see, the world of nutrition labels is confusing and often misleading. That’s why it’s important to learn how to read a nutrition label. When I shop for new products, I spend most of the time reading the label and, once I’m done, I return the product to the shelf more often than not.
If you have any questions about label and marketing claims on the products you buy, shoot me an email and I’ll do my best to help you out!
New Articles and Videos You Might Have Missed
Since the last newsletter, I’ve been busy creating new content and updating older articles with fresh information, including the following:
- New: Benefits of Red Light Therapy for Joint Pain and Arthritis
- New: Reviiv Knee+ Review: Next-Generation Laser Technology for Joint Pain
- Updated and expanded: Top 6 Exogenous Ketone Supplements
- Updated and expanded: Air Frying Can Be Healthy (But Not For the Reasons You Might Think)
- Updated and expanded: How Your Lifestyle Causes Chronic Inflammation and Disease
- Updated and expanded: How I’ve Increased My HRV by 50%
- Video: Our first (funny) MK Supplements video ad
- Video: Ask Me Anything (AMA #1) – I Answered Your Most Burning Questions
- Video: The Science Behind Burning Body Fat [Fireside Chat with Dr. Ben Bikman]
More About the Lumen Metabolic Breath Analyzer
Enabling your body to efficiently switch back and forth between burning carbs and fat for fuel is a cornerstone of metabolic health. Lumen provides the tools you need to become metabolically flexible, including a breathalyzer, meal inspirations and more.
I’ve used Lumen to get more insights into my metabolic health and to better understand what fuel my body uses at a given time. If you’d like to learn more about Lumen, check out my full review (also available on YouTube) and use code MKUMMER to get $60 off the device.
I’m a healthy living and technology enthusiast.
On this blog, I share in-depth product reviews, actionable information and solutions to complex problems in plain and easy-to-understand language.
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SLAS749E March 2011 – November 2015 DAC3484
The design of the PCB is critical to achieve the full performance of the DAC3484 device. Defining the PCB stackup should be the first step in the board design. Experience has shown that at least six layers are required to adequately route all required signals to and from the device. Each signal routing layer must have an adjacent solid ground plane to control signal return paths to have minimal loop areas and to achieve controlled impedances for microstrip and stripline routing. Power planes must also have adjacent solid ground planes to control supply return paths. Minimizing the space between supply and ground planes improves performance by increasing the distributed decoupling.
Although the DAC3484 device consists of both analog and digital circuitry, TI highly recommends solid ground planes that encompass the device and its input and output signal paths. TI does not recommend split ground planes that divide the analog and digital portions of the device. Split ground planes may improve performance if a nearby, noisy, digital device is corrupting the ground reference of the analog signal path. When split ground planes are employed, one must carefully control the supply return paths and keep the paths on top of their respective ground reference planes.
Quality analog output signals and input conversion clock signal path layout is required for full dynamic performance. Symmetry of the differential signal paths and discrete components in the path is mandatory, and symmetrical shunt-oriented components should have a common grounding via. The high frequency requirements of the analog output and clock signal paths necessitate using differential routing with controlled impedances and minimizing signal path stubs (including vias) when possible.
Coupling onto or between the clock and output signals paths should be avoided using any isolation techniques available including distance isolation, orientation planning to prevent field coupling of components like inductors and transformers, and providing well coupled reference planes. Via stitching around the clock signal path and the input analog signal path provides a quiet ground reference for the critical signal paths and reduces noise coupling onto these paths. Sensitive signal traces must not cross other signal traces or power routing on adjacent PCB layers, rather a ground plane must separate the traces. If necessary, the traces should cross at 90° angles to minimize crosstalk.
The substrate (dielectric) material requirements of the PCB are largely influenced by the speed and length of the high speed serial lanes. Affordable and common FR4 varieties are adequate in most cases.
Coupling of ambient signals into the signal path is reduced by providing quiet, close reference planes and by maintaining signal path symmetry to ensure the coupled noise is common-mode. Faraday caging may be used in very noise environment and high dynamic range applications to isolate the signal path.
The following layout guidelines correspond to the layout shown in Figure 100.
Information regarding the package and assembly of the WQFN-MR package version of the DAC3484 can be found at the end of the data sheet and also on the following application note: SZZA059
Information regarding the package and assembly of the ZAY package version of the DAC3484 can be found at the end of the data sheet and also on the following application note: SPRAA99
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Television is the most common and widespread source of entertainment in the present world. Television now telecasts a wide range of programs aiming at viewers of all classes and all ages and their diverse tastes and demands. Satellite television has added a new dimension to TV programming and telecasting. In fact, satellite telecasting appears the whole world lives in the box and entertaining us of all that is happening around the world.
Uses of satellite
Now, in the present world, with the advancement of communication and technology, people’s tastes and interests have changed a lot. Television wonderfully and very effectively is satisfying people’s interests and demand for entertainment and information. Television in general and satellite channels in particular air programs of varied interest that people of all ages and all classes enjoy. Television programs are not only entertaining; they are highly educative and informative too.
Television and particularly satellite television provides people with round-the-clock news service and keeps them informed of the latest affairs happening around the globe. Besides giving news, views, and information on various issues of the current world, television also shows reports and analyses on trade and e-commerce, business and industries economic and financial activities. Agricultural and weather, new discoveries and opportunities. So, the business world, as well as researchers, get valuable support from TV. TV channels very often telecast games and sport live. In fact, watching games and sports on TV has become a source of recreation. And this also helps popularise games and sports.
Satellite channels and diversity of recreation
Satellite channels have removed the monotony of watching fixed items of programs. In fact, today we have specialized satellite channels on almost every interest. There are some channels which broadcast only new round the clock, some only show cinemas. Some channels show games and sports only, some channels show only the discoveries and inventions of science and technology and again some channels are dedicated to traveling the animal world.
For every invention, there are some demerits, television is not free from harm. Television has a great influence on the young generation. In fact, many young people are addicted to watching television. It kills their valuable time that ultimately affects their study. Obscene and immoral films, drama or music, and videos can influence the young generation to evil-doing. Indeed, satellite TV is now being seen as a means of cultural assault on developing countries by western nations. Spending a lot of time watching TV also affects productivity and work efficiency. Much watching of color TV is also harmful to eyesight and brain, and cause irritation, idleness, and sleepiness.
As a source of news and information and as a means of entertainment and recreation, television is still very popular and its effect is far-reaching. It should be used for pure and harmless recreation and for constructing an ideal society.
- Report on Role of The Satellite Channels in Our Present Society
- Composition on Uses and Abuses of Satellite Channels
- Paragraph on Watching TV: While I Am Free, I Watch TV
- Essay on Impact of Satellite Channels on Us And Western Civilization
- Essay on Television
- Composition on Television or Uses and Abuses of Television
- Essay on Television – Its Use and Abuse
- Composition On Open Air Culture
- Composition on The Uses and Abuses of Television
- Describing the Graph of The Young People’s Changing Trends in Pastime Habits
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The Current Condition of Humanity
For a number of years, a continuing thread of inquiry in this space has been the connection between human solidarity, ecological sustainability, and issues of religion and spirituality. Specifically, the symbiosis of secular and religious patriarchy creates a deep-seated culture of domination and control -- of women by men, of nature by humans, of the governed by those in governance in both secular and religious institutions. The resignation of Pope Benedict XVI, and the consequent need to elect a new pope by those who will do so, provide an opportunity to bring this thread into focus.
It is estimated that 80% of people currently alive believe in God and profess a religion. That would be 80% of 7 billion, or 5.6 billion. Of those, 1.2 billion are Roman Catholic, a respectable 20%. While all the major religions of the world are staunchly patriarchal, it would not seem reasonable to assume that they all will overcome patriarchy in the same way. Therefore, this essay explores the possibilities within the boundaries of the Roman Catholic world, hoping that the exploration can be subsequently expanded to consider the specific circumstances of other religious traditions.
Feminism, and the emergence of women as full partners with men in building the entire community of creation, is a "sign of the times." Since nothing human is 100% pure (neither 100% good nor 100% bad) it must be recognized that not everything in the feminist movement can be assumed to be for the glory of God and the good of people. Surely, any form of "revanchism" that seeks to replace old "machismo" by simply reversing the order of victims and victimizers of gender violence in any of its forms is not a very appealing proposition. Humanity, both men and women, must work together to outgrow patriarchy.
A sensible feminism of solidarity with men and nature, if reciprocated by a sensible masculinism of solidarity with women and nature, sounds more appealing as the best path to follow in the transition to sustainability -- a transition that, given the absurdity of seeking infinite growth in a finite planet, will come to pass whether we like or not, with pain and suffering increasing in inverse proportion to the lack of collaboration and solidarity between the feminine and masculine members of the human race. This particular "sign of the times" is very clear: there is no way in the world that a sustainable civilization can be achieved by 50% of human beings trying to dominate, physically or psychologically, the other 50%.
Patriarchal Scaffolding of Biblical Texts
Construction of the word "YHWH"
A Gender Neutral God/ess, Jennifer J. McKenzie, August 2012
IMAGE USED WITH PERMISSION
This table explains the composition of the
word JHWH, the Hebrew name for God,
intended to be inclusive
albeit not to be made into images as in pre-biblical pagan cultures.
A fragment of Daniel 2:20
from the "Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia"
Source: Jennifer J. McKenzie, Personal Communication, 14 February 2013
USED WITH PERMISSION
This example is explained in Note 154 of her book, A Gender Neutral God/ess, August 2012.
The upper dash symbol under the red arrow is called a Maqqeph, It serves to consolidate two words as one. The above joined Hebrew words are HIM-HER and signify inclusiveness. In this verse, Daniel 2:20, they are used with the word Elah. Elah is a Hebrew word used for the Deity who today is called God.
An English translation of Daniel 2:20 can be: "Daniel said: Blessed is Elah's name for ever and ever for to Him-Her belong wisdom and might."
There can be no doubt that religion, and organized religion in particular, plays a pivotal role in perpetuating the patriarchal mindset of domination and control that is the root cause of the world's current social and ecological predicament. Exclusively masculine
images of God. Exclusively masculine church hierarchies. Exclusively masculine liturgical language. Exclusively masculine, or at the very least male-biased, translations of biblical texts in which the original intent of the writers has been gradually edited to minimize, and sometimes arbitrarily exclude, any reference to the divine feminine. The entire biblical corpus, and the divine revelation contained therein, is thereby imprisoned in a patriarchal scaffolding that, effectively speaking, supports phallocentric interpretations of the Bible and obscures the gender balance that the sacred texts originally intended.
Modern exegetical scholarship is coming to the rescue. Scholars are taking a fresh look at some of the most ancient manuscripts, and finding new insights that may facilitate a graceful crumbling of rigid, patriarchally literalist interpretations. If the graceful crumbling is resisted, it may become disgraceful, but it is already happening and in ways that are increasingly accessible to the general public. Works are being written in plain language, relegating the analysis of ancient scripts to footnotes (or at least indented clarifications) while plainly explaining the historical, culturally biased transliteration processes which gradually excluded feminine expressions from most of the modern biblical translations.
A case in point is the recent publication of this e-book, conveniently available as a kindle edition:
A Gender Neutral God/ess: Be Inclusive but MAKE NO IMAGES was the Religious Change, J. J. McKenzie, Amazon Digital Services, August 2012
Readers of this journal know that it has always been free of commercials, and this is not intended to be the first one. This is a cordial invitation for concerned global citizens who are believers (in the Judeo-Christian tradition and otherwise) to get an education on how the gender balance that is intrinsic to humanity as
imago Dei has been edited out of the Bible over the past 2500 years or so. It is also an invitation for competent biblical scholars to make time to review it and provide constructive criticism, as the author is open to comments and corrections. One appealing feature of this work is that it makes no accusation of intentional sexism. No fingers are pointed to scribes and translators, or even biblical scholars of past centuries. However, that which is shown to be objectively sexist, and contrary to the original intent of biblical authors, must be recognized as such, and sooner rather than later. There is no "radical feminist agenda" behind this book. Therefore, it is hoped that religious authorities, and especially ecclesiastical authorities in Catholic and other Christian churches, will take a look at this book, and the referenced literature, with an open mind and a willingness to let go of absurd rationalizations of practices and doctrines that have been manufactured by all-to-human patriarchal hands over the centuries and now constitute an obstacle to social solidarity, ecological sustainability, and integral human development.
WHY IS IT THAT THE NEXT POPE CANNOT BE A WOMAN?
Before a sensible response to this question is offered, some clarifications are in order:
God is not the problem - God is Love. God is both our Father and our Mother, and abides "in unapproachable light." While the word "God" is masculine, the fact that it is has become standard terminology should not be used as a pretext to think of God as exclusively masculine. God is not subject to the limitations of human language and human categories.
Jesus Christ is not the problem - Christ gave the church full authority (the "power of the keys," Matthew 16:19, 18:18) to make all decisions required to foster the mission of evangelization. Acts 15 is a model for the process to be used to make such decisions. To say that the church is not authorized to ordain women to the priesthood is a cop out, plain and simple.
The Bible is not the problem - The Bible is a theological reflection of God acting in human history. Even after many centuries of male-biased editing and translating, plenty of references to the divine feminine remain in the Old and New Testaments. Newly emerging scholarship is showing that the most ancient Hebrew texts refer to God as Him-Her.
The Creed is not the problem - The Christian creed professes belief in "one God, the Father almighty ..." Are we to infer from this that the First Person of the Trinity is exclusively male? God is Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, meaning Creator, Redeemer, and Sanctifier. The "Son" becoming flesh as a male confirms that all human limitations, including gender, were embraced at the incarnation. The concrete totality of human nature was assumed, not only the masculine half.
PATRIARCHY IS THE PROBLEM - Indeed, patriarchy is the problem. It was a problem for Jesus, who challenged his culture only to the extent that his disciples could absorb (John 16:12). It is a problem for the church when his words and actions are taken in a literalist manner. Would Jesus, in this day and age, select 12 males to represent the patriarchs of the 12 tribes of Israel? It is a problem for Christians when beautiful allegories, such as the nuptial covenant between Christ and the Church, are frozen in time and absolutized as if the allegory could exhaust the mystery (Ephesians 5:32). Indeed, patriarchy is a problem for all humanity, and for the entire community of creation, when it freezes entire religious and ethical systems into the mentality of domination and control that condoned the burning of heretics at the stake and the extermination of entire nations during the colonization of the Americas. This is the same kind of mentality that until not that long ago "tolerated" slavery as not being intrinsically evil, failed to officially state that women are as fully human as men, and now keeps fueling the destruction of the human habitat in order to sustain, among other things, extravagant displays of religious pomp and circumstance in the name of one who was born in poverty and obscurity, never had a comfortable place to live, and was crucified by the Romans for "disturbing the peace," i.e., challenging the hypocrisy and the hegemony of the patriarchal religious establishment of his time.
Rublev's "Trinity" (ca. 1411 CE)
Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow
"Rome and Germania" (1997)
Archeology Research Center
Source: Universität Osnabrück
PRAYER, STUDY, AND ACTION
Needless to say, we should have no false hopes that the election of a new pope will be a quick catalyst for the Roman Catholic Church to overcome patriarchy. However, for those of us who still believe in miracles, cynical despair is not a sensible alternative.
PRAYER - Let us pray for a new pope that will be sensitive to the current condition of humanity and the human habitat. Let us pray for renewed Christian churches that will spend themselves in proclaiming the gospel rather than retreating into castles to defend superficial practices and doctrines that no longer serve the glory of God and the good of people. Let us pray for authentic dialogue between Christians, and between Christians and all people of good will, to find new ways to foster a nonviolent transition from patriarchal consumerism to solidarity and sustainability.
STUDY - Let us forge ahead with the hard but indispensable work of extracting, from the most ancient sources of religious wisdom, many jewels that still remain hidden by the limitations of human language and imprisoned by centuries of fundamentalist patriarchal interpretations that have nothing whatsoever to do with divine revelation or the intent of the sacred authors. This applies not only to the Bible, but to original sources in all religious traditions. How much longer can we afford to remain attached to absurdities such as "the Bible is inerrant" and "we already have the whole truth"?
ACTION - Words are cheap unless backed up by actions. Words are cheaper today than ever before. Modern information technology enables us to write, print, and electronically disseminate millions of pages full of words in a tragicomic worldwide display of GIGO (Garbage In-Garbage Out). This journal may well be part of the garbage. But actions speak louder than words, much louder. We need to take action in reforming consumerist lifestyles. We need to take action in reforming social and religious institutions that have been accumulating too much dust for too many centuries. In particular, we need to take action to dismantle institutionalized patriarchy and foster gender balance in all dimensions of human life. It is time to put an end to scapegoating behavior. It is time to stop pointing fingers to avoid responsibility and start acting for the common good of the entire community of creation!
The articles and supplements (listed below, with links) provide some concrete suggestions for prayer, study, and action. The pope is an important player in world affairs, but there is plenty of praying, studying, and acting to do for each and every one of us. We are going to get another "Holy Father." At this point in human history, we really need a "Holy Mother." But we would do well to avoid indulging in gender stereotypes, keeping in mind that the next man dressed in white will not be a Roman emperor but a disciple of He who referred to himself as a hen who "gathers her chicks under her wings" (Matthew 23:37, Luke 13:34).
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HOUSTON, Oct. 24 (UPI) -- British energy company BP said it signed an agreement with Mexico's Pemex to share oil-spill response technology for work in the Gulf of Mexico.
BP, in response to the oil spill in 2010, maintains a deep-water well capping system that can operate in 10,000 feet of water. The company said it keeps the system on hand in Houston for global deployment.
BP said it signed a deal to share technical information with Pemex so it could build its own capping system for use in the Mexican waters of the Gulf of Mexico.
"Today's announcement builds on our commitment and the work we have done -- and continue to do -- to help advance global deep-water response capabilities around the world," Richard Morrison, BP's global deep-water response director, said in a statement.
Under the license agreement, BP shares the technology at no cost to Pemex.
In July, the U.S. Department of Interior tested a 100-ton capping system in the Gulf of Mexico with the non-profit Marine Well Containment Co. in a simulated well failure.
Sheen was discovered in U.S. waters last month that was found to be from a failed attempt to cap BP's well in 2010.
A spill by Pemex in 1979 was considered one of the largest in the world prior to BP's accident in the gulf.
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Trench boxes are a kind of construction equipment designed to provide a secure working environment for construction workers. When you think about construction, what images spring to your mind? Many people think of the image of a hard-hated, clad worker on a ladder or in trenches. The use of trenches are commonplace in different types of construction. It’s vital to stay safe while working in trenches. Workers are often required to dig trenches to support certain construction projects. Sometimes, the trenches will be quite deep. Trench boxes offer a wonderful solution. They are rectangular, large boxes that can be used to cover trenches where people are digging.
Trench boxes are equipment used for digging that protects workers from being killed during an earthquake. Trench boxes are placed around the perimeter of the excavation site. They are then connected together to create a continuous barrier. They are also interlocking, meaning that in the event that one box would collapse and fall apart, the other ones would be capable of supporting the soil’s weight and stop the collapse. Before any excavation can start trench boxes need to be put on the ground. After all the trench boxes are in place and the excavation process is able to begin. During the excavation process workers will step into the trench boxes in order to dig up the soil. Trench boxes shield workers from any movement in the excavation site.
There are many reasons why trench boxes that are used can be bargains. The main reason is they are generally less expensive than new boxes. This is especially beneficial for those who are just starting out or small businesses. Also, used boxes can be just as durable and durable as new ones so there’s no need to sacrifice quality in exchange for cost. Additionally these boxes are typically well-seasoned as they’ve been in the field before. This can be beneficial when you’re not certain how to use a trench box or are afraid of making mistakes. If you don’t have the budget to buy more expensive equipment, used trench boxes are a great option to start. Used trench boxes are a fantastic alternative for those who want to make sure there’s no distinction in terms of quality or performance. You can rest assured that you’re getting same level of protection. New trench boxes are less green than older ones. They are less harmful to the environment than brand new ones since they’re already in use. This helps conserve energy and can reduce pollution. It is a great way for you to save money while also helping the environment.
When you visit construction sites, you’ll frequently see trench boxes. They guard workers and prevent the walls of the trench from collapsing. However, used trench boxes can pose a risk when not properly tested for safety. Every used trench box must be inspected prior to it being utilized. Inspection should include a look for cracks, corrosion, and any other damage. Any trench box that has been damaged must be taken off service and replaced by a new one. Also, it is essential to look over trench boxes that have been used for a while for signs of wear and tear. Damage to the Used trench boxes should be repaired and repaired or replaced. If you follow these guidelines, you’ll be able to keep your workers. The trench boxes you have used are cost-effective when compared to new trench boxes. They can be easily removed and installed, which decreases the disruption of traffic as well as pedestrian security. The trench boxes used in the past are the ideal option for a wide range of projects, and their benefits are a good reason to invest in them.
For more information, click efficiency trench boxes
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How does water dissolve organic molecules?
Water dissolves organic molecules by forming dipole-dipole attractions and hydrogen bonds with them.
The simple rule is, "Like dissolves like".
In other words, molecules that are polar will dissolve in a polar solvent like water.
A molecule like cholesterol consists almost entirely of nonpolar C-C and C-H bonds.
Most of its attractive forces are weak London dispersion forces.
The water molecules attract each other so strongly that a cholesterol molecule can't get between them.
Cholesterol is insoluble in water.
Glucose, on the other hand, has many polar OH groups that can form hydrogen bonds to water.
The water molecules are attracted to the glucose as strongly as they are to each other.
Glucose can easily get between the water molecules, so glucose dissolves in water.
Generally, the more O-H and N-H groups in a molecule, the more soluble it will be.
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WASHINGTON (CNS) — Miguel Bezos, the immigrant father of Amazon.com founder Jeff Bezos, has donated $12 million to a Catholic school in Delaware that housed and educated him when he arrived as an unaccompanied minor from Cuba in the early 1960s.
The senior Bezos attended Salesianum School in Wilmington, Delaware, after fleeing post-Revolution Cuba, along with over 14,000 other minors brought to the U.S. through Operation Pedro Pan, a program organized by the Catholic Church with the help of the U.S. government.
Because Catholic social services agencies in Miami receiving the Cuban minors were overwhelmed, dioceses throughout the country began sending children to Catholic facilities and foster families throughout the country. Bezos ended up at a home for boys in Wilmington.
Back then, Father James P. Byrne, of the Oblates of St. Francis de Sales, was put in charge of Casa de Sales, where Bezos was welcomed with other Cuban boys.
“There was a priest in charge of us, and it was a tremendous experience for me. I’m sure you’ve heard sad stories about what terrible experiences some of the Peter Pan kids had, but for us in Wilmington, we had each other, and we became very close,” Bezos said in a 2016 interview posted on the website of the Smithsonian’s National Museum of American History.
“To this day, a lot of us still talk to each other and visit once in a while,” he said. “We also visit with the priest that was in charge of us. In the middle of all the chaos, it was a wonderful experience.”
The donation, announced June 16, honors the priest, who died last year, and will be used for an endowment to fund the Rev. James P. Byrne, OSFS Scholarship.
Preference will be given to qualified applicants living in Wilmington who are children of immigrants to the United States in recognition of “the school’s legacy of educating generations of immigrants,” said a news release from the school.
The gift from Bezos and his wife, Jacklyn Bezos, will fund 24 scholarships and also help with incidental expenses such as books, retreats, service trips and college entrance exam fees.
“Mike and Jackie understand the complex obstacles faced by underserved students and wanted to give these students the best path to success,” said the Catholic school’s president, Brendan Kennealey, according to the news release.
In the 2016 Smithsonian interview, Miguel Bezos describes his experience of leaving his native Cuba and settling in his new country.
Back then, “there wasn’t a lot of real anti-refugee, anti-immigration feelings at the time, but obviously you always encounter some negative feelings,” he said.
After attending Salesianum, he attended the University of Albuquerque, New Mexico, and then worked for over 32 years at Exxon Mobil.
“I’d like immigrants to know that things are going to be different and that you have to adapt to new things, but you don’t have to lose your identity. Things are not going to be like back home,” he said in the Smithsonian interview.
“On the other side, for those that are receiving new neighbors,” he added, “the best thing that you can do is to help them assimilate. There is always that need to compromise on both sides.”
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Killer Mike is many things—rapper, father, husband, activist, comic book enthusiast who just wrote a passionate introduction to Marvel's Hip Hop Covers collection. On Tuesday (Jan. 5), he hit The Late Show with Stephen Colbert, oscillating in his interview between a laugh-getter and an eye-opener.
After Colbert and the Run the Jewels king satirically decided to individually speak for all white people and all black people, respectively, they got into the reality of the murder-incited social upheavals in places like Ferguson, North Charleston and Baltimore awakening white Americans to the ideas now manifesting in the Black Lives Matter movement. Mike went in:
“If white people are just now discovering it’s bad for black and working-class people in America, they’re a lot more blind than I thought. And they’re a lot more...choosing to be ignorant than I thought. The same problems that we’re discussing today, we discussed in 1990, 1980, 1970 and 1960. And until we call a spade a spade and we say that this problem is coming from conditions that we’re creating or allowing to happen, as a white group of people who hold a certain amount of power, then..."
Colbert jumped in there. The rest of the interview included discussions of educational segregation, presidential hopeful Bernie Sanders, PTA-meeting-appropriate sweatsuits and whether white folks should start getting their hair cut in black-owned barbershops (like the one Killer Mike owns in Atlanta).
Here's the video Mike recommends white people watch, "because it'll actually grow you":
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The City of Houston has selected planning, engineering and program management firm Lockwood, Andrews & Newnam Inc. (LAN) to develop...
In recent months, the editorial staff of Water & Wastes Digest has noticed a rather disturbing trend—the number of wastewater-related spills in the U.S. has increased, dramatically.
Admittedly, we have not conducted a formal scientific study on the number of wastewater spills. Rather, WWD editors have noticed the upward tick of news stories, gathered from a variety of consumer and business-related sources, covering wastewater spills at locations throughout the country.
This summer, WWD editors tracked close to 20 such stories.
A few examples:
I could continue, but I think you understand how these wastewater spills are quickly moving from a problem to an epidemic. I am not attempting to condemn those responsible for the spills; rather, my point is to address the impact the wastewater spills can have overall.
As noted above, the millions of gallons of wastewater spilled into our waterways not only has a profound affect on the waterways themselves, but also the surrounding environment, and most importantly, the citizens that use these waterways for recreation, and perhaps, consumption.
What has not been reported is the number of people who have taken ill after having been exposed to the waterways contaminated by the wastewater. I wonder if anyone has come up with a formula that can determine the number of people who have gotten sick in relation to the number of millions of gallons of wastewater spilled.
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Sing aloud to God our strength;
shout for joy to the God of Jacob!
2 Raise a song; sound the tambourine,
the sweet lyre with the harp.
3 Blow the trumpet at the new moon,
at the full moon, on our feast day.
4 For it is a statute for Israel,
a rule[just decree] of the God of Jacob.
5 He made it a decree in Joseph
when he went out over the land of Egypt.
I hear a language I had not known:
6 “I relieved your shoulder of the burden;
your hands were freed from the basket.
7 In distress you called, and I delivered you;
I answered you in the secret place of thunder;
I tested you at the waters of Meribah. Selah
8 Hear, O my people, while I admonish you!
O Israel, if you would but listen to me!
9 There shall be no strange god among you;
you shall not bow down to a foreign god.
10 I am the Lord your God,
who brought you up out of the land of Egypt.
Open your mouth wide, and I will fill it.
11 “But my people did not listen to my voice;
Israel would not submit to me.
12 So I gave them over to their stubborn hearts,
to follow their own counsels.
13 Oh, that my people would listen to me,
that Israel would walk in my ways!
14 I would soon subdue their enemies
and turn my hand against their foes.
15 Those who hate the Lord would cringe toward him,
and their fate would last forever.
16 But he would feed you with the finest of the wheat,
and with honey from the rock I would satisfy you.”
This was ruined for me as a young believer. I saw too many ideas of what the Ascension looked like and felt uncomfortable. Orbit and necessity came to mind.
Then Off to College were I was recommended to take a class of Egyptian History and the Professor, who was said to be a Christian, said most of the Judeo-Christian History is just a jealous copy of the slaves for the Egyptian higher ups. Psalms were quoted. Lack of Exodus History was cited. Then the Ascension was debunked as being a Christ follows what the Pharaohs did for years.
You can't argue with a professor on the first day, but you can get up leave the class in the middle, drop the class and start to do your own learning and evaluation. This I did.
Turns out this battle has gone on for millenniums. It's easy to solve. Pharaohs = dead. Christ, Christian Church = Faith, Hope, Love = Alive.
We can cite The Ipuwer. We can cite Thutmose Tax Records. We can see Joseph EL on Pharaoh Monuments.
So Jesus rose. Why. I wondered for years and years. Dan Brown came a long and we found out why Jesus rose. Jesus did not get married. He did not sneak around with 11 Disciples and 72 Disciples and His wife. No. Instead, The Multitudes found Jesus in the wilderness and Jesus fed us and them abundantly.
The movie The Passion of the Christ.
Never has a more difficult movie been attempted or proclaimed and so difficult to see more than once. A dear friend said as he wept, "We could not, could not, see This. If we did not believe during Good Friday that Easter is Coming and Jesus Lives. Is Alive."
And Mel Gibson went on to flounder around and make a spectacle of a man who'd led a fairly amazingly, calm Hollywood life until after the film.
I can understand why. No one. No person. Nothing compares to Jesus.
No one is going to stand and be real and say "I'm just fine." Eventually dirt is going to come out and flaws, weaknesses and sins will arise. Because God says this is True of us all.
We could start naming every famous evangelical and their problems now. Or, let's for fun, dig up the Crusade - the brief period of History just exactly like Empire upheaval and overheaval and underheaval certainly happens regularly. Or we could say Peter and Paul did not always see eye to eye. Or Barnabas and Paul. Or that infidel John Mark, who went on to write books we call The Gospel According to Mark. We do see cohesion when Polycarp and Bishop Papias of Hierapolis both report the Beloved Disciple John actually really approved and liked and affirmed the four Gospels!
The point of the Ascension was pointed out to me. Finally. Last year. Dee and Sharon said, "Well the point of the Ascension is Jesus didn't run off to the Greek Dispersion. He said I will never leave nor forsake you. We know Jesus and where He is."
And we all know where Jesus went. He did not rise and leave everyone to flounder around.
Thanks so much to our Bishop and Canon Stephen Saul for bringing out John 14 today.
1“Do not let your hearts be troubled. You believe in God ; believe also in me. 2 My Father’s house has many rooms; if that were not so, would I have told you that I am going there to prepare a place for you? 3And if I go and prepare a place for you, I will come back and take you to be with me that you also may be where I am. 4You know the way to the place where I am going.”
The Story of Jesus' Promises to us make us more than Conquerors. Consider these pictures:
Because of the tender mercy of our God, whereby the sunrise shall visit us from on high
Our desire to hold Jesus to us and the Joy of seeing Jesus restored.
Psalm 81 ~ I relieved your shoulder of the burden; your hands were freed from the basket.
5 Thomas said to him, “Lord, we do not know where you are going. How can we know the way?” 6 Jesus said to him, “I am the way, and the truth, and the life. No one comes to the Father except through me. 7 If you had known me, you would have known my Father also. From now on you do know him and have seen him.”
And being asked Jesus said:
I do as the Father has commanded me, so that the world may know that I love the Father. Rise, let us go from here.
Words to live by.
Rise. Let us go from ...here.
Jesus waited for His Brothers. And in Seeing Jesus, they came to know His Love.
Help me. I want to be like that too.
In the Name of Jesus, please cover my thoughts, ways, words and walk to be pleasing to You. My Rock and My Redeemer.
My Jesus. My Savior. Nothing is above Jesus. The Highest of All. Jesus. Amen.
♔ Lord Jesus Saves! †
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Probably one of the most misunderstood and underrepresented cuisines in the United States today is Native American cuisine. It is the area’s oldest cuisine, one both rich in flavor and diverse in origin, that Native Americans developed long before contact with any Europeans.
Why it’s so underrepresented is a great question without an easy answer. Part of the problem is how the country’s history is told, which isn’t from a Native American perspective. But it’s also because many of the contributions that Native Americans have made to the foods eaten everyday around the U.S. are not acknowledged as part of the history taught in schools, so now most Americans don’t know that many of these foods were given to the world by Native Americans.
Native American cuisine includes indigenous and wild plant and animal ingredients, but it also includes cultivated plant ingredients found in various tribes throughout the Americas. The “Magic Eight” — corn, beans, squash, chiles, tomatoes, potatoes, vanilla, and cacao — are eight plants that Native people gave to the world and are now woven into almost every cuisine.
Like many cuisines, Native American cuisine is not static. There are four distinct historical periods that comprise it: the Pre-Contact Period (dating back from approximately 10,000 BC to 1492 AD), the First Contact Period (from 1492 AD to the 1800s), the Government Issue Period (beginning in the middle- to late-1800s during the Native American relocation period), and the New Native American Cuisine Period (where we are now).
Different dishes were introduced during these different periods, reflecting Native American foods that already existed in the Americas mixed with foods introduced by Europeans. In the instance of the Government Issue period, these foods were forcibly introduced and used as a matter of survival — but they are now iconic with Native American cuisine. Some dishes still include ingredients from the Pre-Contact, First Contact, and Government Issue Period all in the same dish.
For the first time in U.S. history, Native chefs, restaurateurs, and Native Community members can decide for themselves what foods they want to include on their menus and in their communities and offer dishes that highlight and feature the New Native American cuisine. It’s a period and cuisine that goes back into the past to decide what ingredients to include into the future, especially when many Native Communities are now focused on health and wellness.
Here are five Native American dishes and ingredients from throughout history, as well as four New Native American chefs bringing the cuisine to the country’s forefront today.
Five important Native American dishes and ingredients
Tepary beans — considered to be an ancient superfood of the Sonoran Desert — are a Native American bean native to the Southwestern United States and Mexico and have been grown in this region by native communities for millennia. They’re a heat- and drought-resistant small bean suited for the desert environment with three distinct types: white, brown, and black.
Called “bavi” by the Tohono O’odham, these beans have dense nutrients (high protein, fiber, iron, calcium, and more) that sustained Native communities for generations, and some ethnobotanists believe that cultivation of the bean began approximately 6,000 to 8,000 years ago. The Akimel O’odham and Tohono O’odham continue to grow these heirloom beans on their reservation lands with summer rainfall in arroyos and limited irrigation along the Gila River.
Where to taste them: Kai in Phoenix
Three sisters (corn, beans, and squash)
These three ancestral Native American ingredients, from the Pre-Contact period, are used by many tribes throughout the United States and considered to be three main agricultural crops in Native American cuisine. They’re often planted together using a technique known as companion planting, meaning the three crops benefit from each other. Corn needs nitrogen to grow, and beans provide that nitrogen to the soil that the other plants use. Beans need a structure to climb, and corn gives the perfect pole for the beans to grow. Squash has broad leaves that spread over the ground, providing shade to keep precious moisture from evaporating from the soil, as well as blocking sunlight, helping to prevent weed growth.
But it’s not only the way these plants grow that makes them so important to Native Americans — it’s also the nutrients they supply. Corn, beans, and squash contain complex carbohydrates, all nine essential amino acids, as well as essential fatty acids, making them very nutrient-dense when combined. They are used by many Native American chefs in sautés, stews, and soups and found on many Native American cuisine menus.
Reservations for Ulele:
Wild rice, called “manoomin” by the Ojibwe, is technically not a rice but an indigenous grain that boasts an impressive amount of nutrients, including protein, magnesium, zinc, manganese, and phosphorus. It’s used by many Native American chefs in a variety of dishes. This heirloom rice is hand-harvested as it has been for generations and grows naturally in the lakes of Northern Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, and Canada.
Pictured here is a wild rice dish with mushrooms, cranberries, wild onions, and First Contact ingredient green peas, combining the Pre-Contact and First Contact periods.
Where to taste it: Ko’sin in Phoenix
Fry bread and the Indian taco
One of the most iconic NativeAmerican dishes that people know of is fry bread, pictured at the top. This dish, with its roots coming from the Government Issue Period, when imposed foods were issued to displaced Native Americans, includes flour and lard or solidified vegetable fat. Native Americans who had lost access to their ancestral homelands, the foods associated with these lands, and the knowledge around them created a recipe from these imposed foods, which is now known as fry bread. Fry bread represents a food that was created from these imposed foods and a survival food that kept many of these ancestors alive, but it’s also a dish that was born from one of the most unpleasant periods in Native American cuisine history.
Some Native American chefs today no longer include this dish in the foods they make because of its problematic past, while others have developed restaurants, food trucks, and food stands solely around fry bread. Some Native American community members and families have “reclaimed” fry bread and eat it regularly, while others eat it only at special occassions, and still others no longer eat it at all. It’s now a food that almost every Native community knows how to make. Whether they choose to make it is what each family, chef, and community member must decide.
Toppings added to fry bread include beans, some kind of meat, cheese, lettuce, and tomato, creating the infamous Indian taco. Modern versions of the dish which might feature additional toppings including avocado, sprouts, microgreens, and radish. And still other versions of this dish include “no-fry” fry bread, a grilled version of the fried bread with only beans and vegetable toppings to make it a healthy alternative. The Indian taco, as well as fry bread, is served at many events like powwows, fairs, gatherings, and the famous Indian Market in Santa Fe, New Mexico. Several Native American restaurants serve this dish as well.
Cedar plank salmon
Native American tribes of the Northwest revere salmon, and many define themselves as Salmon People. It is a sacred food, and there are five different kinds of wild American salmon in the Pacific Northwest: King Salmon (Chinook), Sockeye (Red) Salmon, Coho (Silver) Salmon, Pink (Humpback) Salmon, and Chum (Dog) Salmon, with the most well-known types the Chinook, Sockeye, and Coho. Cooking freshly wild caught salmon on cedar logs (planks) over burning coals has its roots in northwestern Native American culture. Many communities in the northwest smoked their salmon as part of a curing process to preserve salmon for future use. Cedar planks are available commercially, and it is a common practice to cook salmon on soaked cedar planks with a variety of seasonings.
Where to taste it: Mitsitam Cafe in Washington D.C.
Bonus: Four contemporary Native American chefs to know
Many contemporary Native American chefs all over the United States are creating dishes that use ingredients from the Pre-Contact Period, drawing from their own ancestral past and Indigenous America. These can include ingredients that are local to a specific region (such as Tohono O’odham tepary beans from the Southwest or hand-harvested wild rice, a Native American grain that is part of the Ojibwe communities in Northern Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, and Canada), but can also include ingredients from regions outside a specific locale.
Other Native American chefs are using ancestral ingredients to bring awareness to the rich and diverse foods of the past while showcasing Native American foods that are contemporary in their presentation. These new and innovative dishes are healthier than frybread and the Indian taco and showcase ancestral Native American foods of the past.
Walter Whitewater, from the Navajo Nation, was one of the first prominent Native American chefs in the United States and thus serves as a role model to many younger Native American cooks. He’s a chef at Red Mesa Cuisine, a Native American catering company in Santa Fe, New Mexico that serves ancestral Native American cuisine with a modern twist and provides food trainings using ancestral foods for health and wellness. Red Mesa Cuisine’s mission is to bring Native American cuisine into the contemporary Southwest kitchen and to help sustain traditional Native American foods, traditional Native agricultural food practices, support local Native farms and food producers, and keep alive ancestral culinary techniques from Native communities.
As executive chef at the National Museum of the American Indian’s Mitsitam Café in Washington D.C., Freddie Bitsoie, from the Navajo Nation, has created dishes that showcase regions throughout the Americas including the Northern Woodlands, Mesoamerica, South America, Northwest Coast, and the Great Plains. He is one of the few Native American chefs at the forefront of preparing, presenting, and educating about foods indigenous to the Americas on a large scale.
An Oglala Sioux chef, Sean Sherman founded the indigenous food education business and caterer The Sioux Chef, as well as the nonprofit North American Traditional Indigenous Food Systems. He also created the Indigenous Food Lab focused on Indigenous Culinary Education and Indigenous Food Access. He’s currently working on launching a new Native American restaurant in Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Brian Yazzie, also from the Navajo Nation, is the new executive chef at Gatherings Cafe at the Minneapolis American Indian Center in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He serves traditional meals as well as feeds elders and Minneapolis Native American community members.
Lois Ellen Frank, Ph.D. (Kiowa/Sephardic) is a Santa Fe, New Mexico based Native American Chef, a Native foods historian, culinary anthropologist, educator, photographer, organic gardener, and a James Beard Award-winning cookbook author, for her book Foods of the Southwest Indian Nations. She is the chef/owner of Red Mesa Cuisine, LLC, a Native American catering company specializing in the revitalization of ancestral Native American cuisine with a modern twist. Dr. Frank has spent over 30 years documenting and working with the foods and lifeways of Native American communities in the Southwest. In 2020, she was the recipient of the Local Hero Olla Award, which recognizes an exceptional individual for the work they do to create healthy, innovative, vibrant, and resilient local sustainable food systems in New Mexico. To learn more about Red Mesa Cuisine, visit www.redmesacuisine.com.
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(Image via the Washington Times)
Why? Oh, because Brown just happens to be a proponent of teacher tenure reform. And for that, Ravitch suggests the former CNN host is – essentially – just another pretty face:
Brown, 46, has become an articulate voice and recognizable face opposing tenure, the century-old system of laws and contractual guarantees giving public-school teachers due-process rights in layoffs and terminations. Brown argues that tenure makes it difficult and expensive for school systems to remove underperforming teachers, and it protects their jobs at the expense of their students.
“I’m a mom, and my view of public education begins and ends with the fundamental question: Is this good for children?” Brown says by phone from New York, where she lives. “In a situation where it’s the child or the adult, I’m going with the child. .?.?. Tenure is permanent lifetime employment. There’s no reason why anyone’s job should become untouchable for the rest of their life.”
Campbell the journalist might interrupt an interview subject to take exception to that kind of generalization. Teachers unions and their advocates say tenure — instituted to prevent widespread abuses of a female-dominated workforce — doesn’t guarantee much beyond a fair hearing. Tenured teachers deemed ineffective or negligent, after hearings and evaluations, are fired, they point out.
“I have trouble with this issue because it’s so totally illogical,” says Diane Ravitch, an education historian. “It’s hard to understand why anyone thinks taking away teachers’ due-process rights will lead to great teachers in every classroom.”
As for Brown, Ravitch is dismissive: “She is a good media figure because of her looks, but she doesn’t seem to know or understand anything about teaching and why tenure matters. .?.?. I know it sounds sexist to say that she is pretty, but that makes her telegenic, even if what she has to say is total nonsense.”
Far be it from me to stoop to the level this so-called “education historian” did by snidely boiling down Brown’s popularity and smarts to her looks, but I have no idea – none at all – why the woman would come across as jealous of another woman’s looks. None whatsoever.
Continuing on, I don’t know her political leanings but Ravitch displays the typical behavior of a left wing feminist educrat know it all who thinks not only do they know best how to educate children and young adults, but that anyone who disagrees with them must be dismissed as “extreme” or “all hat no substance” — as a person whose opinions are not worthy of serious consideration. By doing that, self-important elitists like Ravitch can therefore summarily without a second thought dismiss a person’s arguments without taking the time to read and/or hear them and later provide a reasonable analysis after careful consideration.
Jon Chait, no friend to conservative education reformers by any stretch nevertheless slammed Ravitch here on a multitude of levels:
Why, yes, that does sound rather sexist. Now, Ravitch suggests here that Brown’s analysis is so transparently illogical that perhaps only her looks can account for her views. Why, Ravitch wonders, would the elimination of a job protection help attract better teachers? Let me reveal, via the power of logic, how this can work.
The basic problem is that some proportion of American teachers is terrible at their job and immune to improvement, yet removing them is a practical impossibility. (A good overview of the research on chronically ineffective teachers can be found here. Standard caveat: The author is my wife.) Under some conditions, loosening tenure laws can lead directly to more effective teachers in the classroom. For instance, when the Great Recession drove states to lay off teachers in order to balance their budgets, last-in, first-out hiring rules led them to fire teachers regardless of quality, thus removing highly effective (yet unprotected) teachers from classrooms.
In most fields, your pay is based on your perceived value rather than on the number of years you have spent on the job. Value-based pay does not work perfectly in any field. It certainly doesn’t work perfectly in my field, which explains, for instance, Howard Kurtz’s rumored extravagant wealth. Yet if we stopped paying journalists on the basis of their perceived value and started paying them on the basis of time served, I’d argue it would reduce the quality of journalism.
Opponents of reform relentlessly pick apart the various performance pay measures that are being implemented by reformers, and it’s true that none of those measures is perfect, either. But nearly all of them work better than paying people on the basis of how long they’ve held a job and making it functionally impossible to fire them for being terrible at their job. In places like Washington, D.C., education reformers have given teachers a chance to forfeit their tenure in return for the possibility of much higher pay.
Whatever side of this issue a person is on is irrelevant to how the debate over it is conducted. Ravitch’s sneers and condescending attitude towards disagreement in any form are beneath contempt and, frankly, are not worthy of the children for who she claims to be fighting. Time to grow up, ma’am. As many in your circle have often said in the past, this is not about you. It’s about the children. So stop acting like one.
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Posted on September 14, 2016
Fifteen years later, CREDO Activists stand with Rep. Lee against endless war
On Sept. 14, 2001, Rep. Barbara Lee was the sole member of Congress to vote against the 2001 Authorization for Use of Military Force (AUMF).
The vote was 420-1.
Since then, the AUMF has been used to enter into wars without knowing the costs or consequences, and frankly, it is dangerous. It is a blank check for war, and it is far past time we repealed it.
Repeal the Authorization for Use of Military Force – the flawed blank check that authorizes the president to wage war, anywhere at any time. It’s been fifteen years of endless war. Now is the time for the U.S. Congress to repeal the overly broad 2001 and 2002 AUMFs.
A recent declassified report to Congress from the Congressional Research Committee showed the AUMF being used 37 times in 14 countries. That report only shows the declassified activities, we can’t even begin to speculate on the classified uses. The AUMF has been used to justify activities, such as warrantless surveillance, indefinite detention and the lethal use of drones, which fly in the face of our constitutional values. It has been used to justify the operations in Iraq, Afghanistan, Libya and Syria.
Our country has engaged in new wars without Congress debating and determining the costs or consequences and without our troops really knowing and understanding whether or not we are behind them. We are sending our brave young men and women into harm’s way without congressional authorization.
Rep. Lee is convinced, and CREDO agrees, that open-ended military engagement with no end in sight actually undermines our long-term national security. It does not increase peace and security for the United States or on a global level. WATCH this video from CREDO in which Rep. Lee explains why it’s so crucial we repeal the AUMF now:
A public show of support for this effort is critical to send Congress a clear message that we cannot continue to issue a blank check for the executive branch to wage endless war. Go here to sign and share the petition.
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https://blog.credo.com/2016/09/14/fifteen-years-later-credo-activists-stand-with-rep-lee-against-endless-war/
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Creator: Edwin Forbes
Context: This political cartoon supported General George McClellan's campaign for the Presidency in 1864. It shows McClellan stopping Lincoln and Jefferson Davis from tearing apart a map of the United States. McClellan ran on a platform that emphasized ending the war without abolishing slavery.
Audience: This cartoon was published by Currier and Ives, which produced cheap and popular pictures designed to reach a wide audience.
Purpose: To promote McClellan as the leader most capable of ending the Civil War.
Historical Significance: This pro-McClellan cartoon serves as an important reminder that there was opposition to Lincoln in the North as well as the South throughout much of the war. The election of 1864 appeared to be very close until the Union Army captured Atlanta in September, which strengthened support for Lincoln.
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A rare Byzantine gold solidus of the Empress Irene and her son, Emperor Constantine VI, struck 793 - 797 A.D. Minted in Constantinople.
The obverse shows the crowned, half length bust of Irene. She wears the Imperial loros (a highly ornate and heavily jeweled toga worn by Emperors), modiolos (a spiked crown) and holds the cross topped scepter and globus cruciger (symbol of Christ's rule on Earth). The legend reads: IRInH AΓΟVSTI - "Irene, Augusta"
The reverse with the facing, half length bust of Emperor Constantine VI, shown beardless and wearing cross topped crown and chlamys (cloak) fastened with decorative, circular brooch, he holds a globus cruciger in his right hand. The legend reading: COnSTAn-TInOS bAS[ileos] - "King Constantine"
Irene was central to the restoration of the Orthodox tradition of worshipping Icons, which still continues to this day. She was the first woman to exercise sole rule over the Roman/Byzantine Empire, taking office in 780 and assuming power for her 9 year old son, Constantine VI. However, her rule was relatively short lived. She was ousted as a result of a palace revolution and exiled to the island of Lesbos in 802 A.D.
Constantine grew to become a cruel and incompetent ruler and the relationship with his mother soon turned sour. In April 797 he was captured by supporters of Irene who gouged his eyes out and imprisoned him, he likely died shortly after from his wounds.
Diameter: 19.5 mm. Weight: 4.35 g. Price: 4.457,60 EUR
Provenance: Ex English private collection, previously European art market. artancientltd
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Can T Make Or Receive Calls On New Iphone. If your device doesn’t have a sim card in it then it can’t make or receive calls or texts. Go to settings > general > transfer or reset iphone > reset > reset network settings.
Most probably, this will also fix the iphone won't make or receive calls problem. Ideally, you should make it a point to check the iphone settings if your phone is unable to make and/or receive calls. If you don’t have a sim card in then you will see “ no sim ” at the top left of your device.
We’ve Been Seeing A Lot Of Issues With Ios 15/14.8 Lately And One Of Them Is That Your Iphone Cannot Make And Receive Calls Until It Has Been Updated.
It is a safe step to do since it neither corrupts your data, nor it affects any running apps. That is because restarting it is the easiest method and it can fix most of the common problems. Normally, the airplane toggle on your device should fix the issue.
Solution 1： restart your iphone. Can't make or receive calls on new iphone! So, go to settings > general > software update, and check for any new update to download.
Having Problems Making Or Receiving Calls?
I have tried disabling everything i can think of but still no calls. We also see some users fix this problem by dialing *#31#, and you can try this if Press and hold the side button until your iphone's display goes black.
Can't Phone Out Or Receive.
When i try to make a call to customer service from my new phone it says you're roaming. Usually some quick troubleshooting will do the trick. Watch this video to check your call and connectivity settings, sim card, line suspension and how you can fix it.if.
If It’s True, Then That Could Be The Reason Why You Aren’t Receiving Calls On Your Iphone.
Just set up new iphone 11 from old iphone 8 and all data transferred over, but can't make calls from new phone. New phone iphone 13 months no problems. This resets the access point for your network connection.
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https://chadmccoymusic.com/can-t-make-or-receive-calls-on-new-iphone/
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Special Issue in Honor of Professor Nick Hadjiliadis’ RetirementView this Special Issue
Research Article | Open Access
Lorenzo Fassina, Enrica Saino, Maria Gabriella Cusella De Angelis, Giovanni Magenes, Francesco Benazzo, Livia Visai, "Low-Power Ultrasounds as a Tool to Culture Human Osteoblasts inside Cancellous Hydroxyapatite", Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications, vol. 2010, Article ID 456240, 8 pages, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/456240
Low-Power Ultrasounds as a Tool to Culture Human Osteoblasts inside Cancellous Hydroxyapatite
Bone graft substitutes and cancellous biomaterials have been widely used to heal critical-size long bone defects due to trauma, tumor resection, and tissue degeneration. In particular, porous hydroxyapatite is widely used in reconstructive bone surgery owing to its biocompatibility. In addition, the in vitro modification of cancellous hydroxyapatite with osteogenic signals enhances the tissue regeneration in vivo, suggesting that the biomaterial modification could play an important role in tissue engineering. In this study, we have followed a tissue-engineering strategy where ultrasonically stimulated SAOS-2 human osteoblasts proliferated and built their extracellular matrix inside a porous hydroxyapatite scaffold. The ultrasonic stimulus had the following parameters: average power equal to 149 mW and frequency of 1.5 MHz. In comparison with control conditions, the ultrasonic stimulus increased the cell proliferation and the surface coating with bone proteins (decorin, osteocalcin, osteopontin, type-I collagen, and type-III collagen). The mechanical stimulus aimed at obtaining a better modification of the biomaterial internal surface in terms of cell colonization and coating with bone matrix. The modified biomaterial could be used, in clinical applications, as an implant for bone repair.
One of the key challenges in reconstructive bone surgery is to provide living constructs that possess the ability to integrate in the surrounding tissue. Bone graft substitutes, such as autografts, allografts, xenografts, and porous biomaterials have been widely used to heal critical-size long bone defects due to trauma, tumor resection, and tissue degeneration. The biomaterials used to build 3D scaffolds for bone tissue engineering are, for instance, the hydroxyapatite , the partially demineralized bone , biodegradable porous polymer-ceramic matrices , and bioactive glasses [4, 5].
The preceding osteoinductive and osteoconductive biomaterials are ideal in order to follow a typical approach of the tissue engineering, an approach that involves the seeding and the in vitro culturing of cells within a cancellous scaffold before the implantation.
The tissue-engineering method is of great importance. In order to overcome the drawbacks associated with the standard culture systems in vitro, such as limited diffusion and inhomogeneous cell-matrix distribution, several bioreactors have been designed to provide different physical stimuli: a rotating vessel bioreactor , a perfusion bioreactor , or an electromagnetic bioreactor , for instance. The ideal feature of a bioreactor is the supplying of suitable levels of oxygen, nutrients, cytokines, growth factors, and appropriate physical stimuli, in order to populate, with living bone cells and mineralized extracellular matrix, the volume of a porous biomaterial for reconstructive bone surgery: this living and biocompatible tissue-engineering construct could be implanted together with the insertion of a vascular pedicle .
Gorna and Gogolewski [10, 11] have drawn attention to the ideal features of a bone graft substitute: it should be porous with interconnected pores of adequate size (at least 200 m) allowing for the ingrowth of capillaries and perivascular tissues; it should attract mesenchymal stem cells from the surrounding bone and promote their differentiation into osteoblasts; it should avoid shear forces at the interface between bone and bone graft substitute; it should be biodegradable.
In this study, following the preceding “golden rules” of Gorna and Gogolewski, we have elected porous hydroxyapatite [12–14] as cancellous bone graft substitute and, using an ultrasonic stimulation , we have attempted to populate it with extracellular matrix and osteoblasts, of which cell function can be ultrasonically modulated .
Hydroxyapatite is widely used in reconstructive bone surgery owing to its biocompatibility. The in vitro modification of porous hydroxyapatite, with osteogenic signals of the transforming growth factor- superfamily and with bone morphogenetic proteins, enhances the tissue regeneration in vivo , suggesting that the modification of hydroxyapatite could play an important role in tissue engineering.
As consequence, aiming, in a future work, at accelerated and enhanced bone regeneration in vivo, in the present study of tissue engineering, we show a particular “biomimetic strategy” that consists in the in vitro modification of porous hydroxyapatite with proliferated osteoblasts and their extracellular matrix produced in situ. In other words, applying an ultrasonic wave , our aim was to enhance a bone cell culture inside cancellous hydroxyapatite, that is, to coat the hydroxyapatite internal surface with physiological and biocompatible cell-matrix layers. Using this approach, the in vitro cultured material could be theoretically used, in clinical applications, as an osteointegrable implant.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Hydroxyapatite Disks
Porous Orthoss bovine hydroxyapatite disks (diameter, 8 mm; height, 4 mm) were kindly provided by Geistlich Pharma AG (Wolhusen, Switzerland) [12–14]. The biomaterial had the following characteristics: internal surface area of 97 m2/g, average porosity equal to 60%, crystal dimensions of 10÷60 nm, and Ca/P ratio equal to 2.03, as in normal human cancellous bone (Figure 1).
The human osteosarcoma cell line SAOS-2 was obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (HTB85, ATCC, Rockville, MD). The cells were cultured in McCoy’s 5A modified medium with L-glutamine and HEPES (Cambrex Bio Science Baltimore, Inc., Baltimore, MD), supplemented with 15% fetal bovine serum, 2% sodium pyruvate, 1% antibiotics, M dexamethasone, and 10 mM -glycerophosphate (Sigma-Aldrich, Inc., Milwaukee, WI). Ascorbic acid, another osteogenic supplement, is a component of McCoy’s 5A modified medium. The cells were cultured at with 5% routinely trypsinized after confluency, counted, and seeded onto the hydroxyapatite disks.
2.3. Cell Seeding
In order to anchor the hydroxyapatite disks to two standard well-plates, 3% (w/v) agarose solution was prepared and sterilized in autoclave, and during cooling, at 100 L of agarose solution were poured inside the wells to hold the placed hydroxyapatite disks and to fix them after completed cooling.
The well-plates with the biomaterial disks were sterilized by ethylene oxide at for 8 hours at 65% relative humidity. After 24 hours of aeration in order to remove the residual ethylene oxide, the disks were ready inside the two culture systems: the “static,” that is, the control well-plate without external stimulus and the “ultrasonic,” that is, the ultrasonically stimulated well-plate.
A cell suspension of cells in 400 L was added onto the top of each disk and, after 0.5 hour, 600 L of culture medium was added to cover the disks. Cells were allowed to attach overnight, then the static culture was continued in the standard well-plate and the ultrasound stimulation was applied for the first time.
2.4. Ultrasound Stimulation
An ultrasound stimulus was applied through the culture medium by a FAST ultrasound generator (Igea, Carpi, Italy) to the seeded hydroxyapatite disks. The mechanical wave had the following characteristics: signal frequency equal to MHz, duty cycle of s, repetition rate equal to 1 ± 0.02 kHz, and temporal average power of 149 ± 3 mW. Low-intensity ultrasound stimulus accelerates the fracture healing in clinical studies .
The ultrasonic culture was placed into a standard cell culture incubator with an environment of and 5% and it was stimulated 20 min/day for a total of 22 days. The culture medium was changed on days 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, and 19.
2.5. Standard Well-Plate Culture
The static culture was placed into a standard cell culture incubator. The duration of the static culture was 22 days and the culture medium was changed on days 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, and 19.
2.6. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Analysis
At the end of the culture period, the disks were fixed with 2.5% (v/v) glutaraldehyde solution in 0.1 M Na-cacodylate buffer (pH = 7.2) for 1 hour at washed with Na-cacodylate buffer, and then dehydrated at room temperature in a gradient ethanol series up to 100%. The samples were kept in 100% ethanol for 15 minutes, and then critical point-dried with The specimens were mounted on aluminum stubs, sputter coated with gold (degree of purity equal to 99%), and then observed with a Leica Cambridge Stereoscan microscope (Leica Microsystems, Bensheim, Germany).
2.7. DNA Content
At the end of the culture period, the cells were lysed by a freeze-thaw method in sterile deionized distilled water and the released DNA content was evaluated with a fluorometric method (PicoGreen, Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR). A DNA standard curve , obtained from a known amount of osteoblasts, was used to express the results as cell number per disk.
2.8. Set of Rabbit Polyclonal Antisera
Fisher et al. (http://csdb.nidcr.nih.gov/csdb/antisera.htm, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Craniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, Matrix Biochemistry Unit, Bethesda, MD) presented us, generously, with the following rabbit polyclonal antibody immunoglobulins G: antiosteocalcin, anti-type-I collagen, anti-type-III collagen, antidecorin, and antiosteopontin (antiserum LF-32, LF-67, LF-71, LF-136, and LF-166, respectively) .
2.9. Set of Purified Proteins
Decorin , osteocalcin (immunoenzymatic assay kit, BT-480, Biomedical Technologies, Inc., Stoughton, MA), osteopontin (immunoenzymatic assay kit, 900-27, Assay Designs, Inc., Ann Arbor, MI), type-I collagen , and type-III collagen (Sigma-Aldrich) were used.
2.10. Confocal Microscopy
At the end of the culture period, the disks were fixed with 4% (w/v) paraformaldehyde solution in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH = 7.4) for 8 hours at room temperature and washed with PBS (137 mM NaCl, 2.7 mM KCl, 4.3 mM 1.4 mM pH = 7.4) three times for 15 minutes. The disks were then blocked by incubating with PAT (PBS containing 1% [w/v] bovine serum albumin and 0.02% [v/v] Tween 20) for 2 hours at room temperature and washed.
L. Fisher’s antidecorin, antiosteocalcin, antiosteopontin, anti-type-I collagen, and anti-type-III collagen rabbit polyclonal antisera were used as primary antibodies with a dilution equal to 1 : 1000 in PAT. The incubation with the primary antibodies was performed overnight at whereas the negative controls were based upon the incubation, overnight at with PAT instead of the primary antibodies. The disks and the negative controls were washed and incubated with Alexa Fluor 488 goat antirabbit IgG (H+L) (Molecular Probes) with a dilution of 1 : 500 in PAT for 1 hour at room temperature.
At the end of the incubation, the disks were washed in PBS, counterstained with Hoechst solution (2 g/mL) to target the cellular nuclei, and then washed. The images were taken by blue excitation with a confocal microscope (TCS SPII, Leica Microsystems) equipped with a digital image capture system at 100 magnification.
2.11. Extraction of the Extracellular Matrix Proteins from the Cultured Disks and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
At the end of the culture period, in order to evaluate the amount of the extracellular matrix constituents over the internal and external hydroxyapatite surfaces, the disks were washed extensively with sterile PBS (137 mM NaCl, 2.7 mM KCl, 4.3 mM 1.4 mM pH = 7.4) in order to remove the culture medium, and then incubated for 24 hours at with 1 mL of sterile sample buffer (1.5 M Tris-HCl, 60% [w/v] sucrose, 0.8% [w/v] sodium dodecyl sulphate, pH = 8.0). At the end of the incubation period, the sample buffer aliquots were removed, and then the disks were centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 15 minutes in order to collect the sample buffer entrapped into the pores. The total protein concentration in the two culture systems was evaluated by the BCA Protein Assay Kit (Pierce Biotechnology, Inc., Rockford, IL). The total protein concentration was 749 ± 108 g/mL in the static culture and 1527 ± 274 g/mL in the ultrasonic culture (). After matrix extraction, the disks were incubated, once again, for 24 hours at with 1 mL of sterile sample buffer, and no protein content was detected.
Calibration curves to measure decorin, osteocalcin, osteopontin, type-I collagen, and type-III collagen were performed. Microtiter wells were coated with increasing concentrations of each purified protein, from 1 ng to 2 g, in coating buffer (50 mM pH = 9.5) overnight at Some of the wells were coated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a negative control. In order to measure the extracellular matrix amount of each protein by an ELISA, microtiter wells were coated, overnight at with 100 L of the extracted extracellular matrix (20 g/mL in coating buffer). After three washes with PBST (PBS containing 0.1% [v/v] Tween 20), the wells were blocked by incubating with 200 L of PBS containing 2% (w/v) BSA for 2 hours at The wells were subsequently incubated for 1.5 hours at with 100 of the L. Fisher’s antidecorin, antiosteocalcin, antiosteopontin, anti-type-I collagen, and anti-type-III collagen rabbit polyclonal antisera (1 : 500 dilution in 1% BSA). After washing, the wells were incubated for 1 hour at with 100 L of HRP-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (1 : 1000 dilution in 1% BSA).
The wells were finally incubated with 100 L of development solution (phosphate-citrate buffer with o-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride substrate). The color reaction was stopped with 100 L of 0.5 M H2SO4 and the absorbance values were measured at 490 nm with a microplate reader (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc., Hercules, CA). The amount of extracellular matrix constituents inside the disks is expressed as fg/(cell disk).
The disks number was 24 in each repeated experiment (12 disks in the control culture and 12 disks in the ultrasonic culture). The experiment was repeated 4 times. Results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. In order to compare the results between the two culture systems, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc Bonferroni test was applied, electing a significance level of 0.05.
The human SAOS-2 osteoblasts were seeded onto porous hydroxyapatite disks, and then cultured without or with an ultrasonic stimulus for 22 days. These culture methods permitted the study of the SAOS-2 cells as they modified the biomaterial through the proliferation and the coating with extracellular matrix. The cell-matrix distribution was compared between the two culture systems.
3.1. Microscope Analysis
In comparison to control condition, SEM images revealed that, due to the ultrasound stimulus, the osteoblasts proliferated and built their extracellular matrix over the available internal hydroxyapatite surface (Figures 2 and 3). At the end of the culture period, statically cultured cells were few and, essentially, not surrounded by extracellular matrix, therefore wide biomaterial regions remained devoid of cell-matrix complexes (Figure 2). In contrast, the physical stimulus caused a wide-ranging coat of the internal surface of the biomaterial: several osteoblasts proliferated and the biomaterial was tending to be hidden by cell-matrix layers (Figure 3).
The immunolocalization of type-I collagen and decorin with the counterstaining of the cellular nuclei showed the stimulation effects in terms of higher cell proliferation and more intense building of the extracellular matrix (Figures 4 and 5). The immunolocalization of osteocalcin, osteopontin, and type-III collagen revealed similar results (data not shown).
These observations were confirmed by the measure of the DNA content at the end of the culture period: in the static culture, the cell number per disk grew to and in the ultrasonic culture to with
3.2. Extracellular Matrix Extraction
In order to evaluate the amount of bone extracellular matrix inside the hydroxyapatite disks, an ELISA of the extracted matrix was performed: at the end of the culture period, in comparison with the static culture, the ultrasound stimulation significantly increased the internal surface coating with decorin, osteocalcin, osteopontin, type-I collagen, and type-III collagen (Table 1).
|Table note: in all “Static” versus “Ultrasonic” comparisons.|
The aim of this study was the in vitro modification of a porous hydroxyapatite with extracellular matrix and osteoblasts to make the biomaterial more biocompatible for the bone repair in vivo.
A discussion about the concept of “biocompatibility” is necessary. When a biomaterial is implanted in a biological environment, a nonphysiologic layer of adsorbed proteins mediates the interaction of the surrounding host cells with the material surface. The body interprets this protein layer as a foreign invader that must be walled off in an avascular and tough collagen sac. Therefore, the biomedical surfaces must be developed so that the host tissue can recognize them as “self”. Castner and Ratner think the “biocompatible surfaces” of the “biomaterials that heal” as the surfaces with the characters of a “clean, fresh wound” : these “self-surfaces” could obtain a physiological inflammatory reaction leading to normal healing. In this study, we have followed a biomimetic strategy where the seeded osteoblasts built a biocompatible surface made of bone matrix [15, 22].
To enhance the coating of the biomaterial internal surface, an ultrasonic wave was applied to the seeded biomaterial . The ultrasound stimulus increased the cell proliferation around 1.6-fold. Furthermore, the ultrasonic wave significantly enhanced the synthesis of type-I collagen, decorin, osteopontin, osteocalcin, and type-III collagen, which are fundamental constituents of the physiological bone matrix: in particular, type-I collagen is the most important and abundant structural protein of the bone matrix; decorin is a proteoglycan considered a key regulator for the assembly and the function of many extracellular matrix proteins with a major role in the lateral growth of the collagen fibrils, delaying the lateral assembly on the surface of the fibrils; osteopontin is an extracellular glycosylated bone phosphoprotein secreted at the early stages of the osteogenesis before the onset of the mineralization, it binds calcium, it is likely to be involved in the regulation of the hydroxyapatite crystal growth, and, through specific interaction with the vitronectin receptor, it promotes the attachment of the cells to the matrix; osteocalcin is secreted after the onset of mineralization and it binds to bone minerals.
The preceding results could be explained with a signaling model. The ultrasound stimulation raises the net flux in the osteoblast cytosol and the release of the intracellular [23–25]. According to Pavalko’s signaling model, the increase of the cytosolic concentration is the starting point of signaling pathways, which cause the secretion of prostaglandins enhancing the osteoblast proliferation, and which target specific bone matrix genes .
Consistent with Pavalko’s model, mechanically stimulated osteoblasts produce autocrine and paracrine prostaglandin signal for cell proliferation; the same mechanically stimulated osteoblasts produce bone extracellular matrix. Prostaglandins are released in the culture medium, whereas the proteins are deposited onto the biomaterial. Even if prostaglandins and proteins have partially common biochemical pathways , they have a different geometrical destination: the medium and the material surface, respectively. For that reason, the efficiency in prostaglandin action (cell proliferation enhancement of 1.6-fold) was different from the efficiency of matrix deposition (biomaterial coating enhancement of 1.7÷4.5-fold as in Table 1).
In this study, the ultrasonic stimulus was a physical method to obtain the biomimetic modification of the material, whose internal surface was coated by osteoblasts and by a layer of bone matrix. The use of a cell line showed the potential of the ultrasound stimulation; nevertheless, appropriately tuning the parameters of the ultrasonic wave, the stimulus duration, and the culture time, a better result could be obtained with autologous bone marrow stromal cells instead of SAOS-2 osteoblasts for total immunocompatibility with the patient. In addition, after the in vivo implantation of the cultured cancellous hydroxyapatite, an ultrasound therapy could be applied with the same wave parameters to enhance the patient healing .
In conclusion, we theorize that the cultured “self-surface” could be used fresh, that is, rich in autologous cells and matrix, or after sterilization with ethylene oxide, that is, rich only in autologous matrix. In future work, we intend to use our constructs, which are rich in autologous matrix, as a simple, storable, tissue-engineering product for the bone repair .
The authors thank L. W. Fisher, K. Martin, S. Setti, R. Cadossi, A. Mortara, D. Picenoni, and P. Vaghi. Hydroxyapatite disks were kindly provided by Geistlich Pharma (Wolhusen, Switzerland). The FAST ultrasound generator was a gift from Igea (Carpi, Italy). This work was supported by Fondazione Cariplo Grants (2004.1424/10.8485 and 2006.0581/10.8485) to Francesco Benazzo, by PRIN Grant (2006) from Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research to Livia Visai, and by FIRB Grant (RBIP06FH7J) from Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research to Maria Gabriella Cusella De Angelis.
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Copyright © 2010 Lorenzo Fassina et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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