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1405.4012 | c | we addressed three of the key opacity measurement requirements : sample conditions control , independent sample condition measurements , and sample uniformity verification . the opacity experiments were performed at the sandia national laboratories z - machine to benchmark opacity models for fe at the base of solar con... | the opacity sample non - uniformity was directly measured by a separate experiment where al is mixed into the side of the sample facing the radiation source and mg into the other side . the iron condition was confirmed to be uniform within their measurement uncertainties by al and mg k - shell spectroscopy . | experimental tests are in progress to evaluate the accuracy of the modeled iron opacity at solar interior conditions , in particular to better constrain the solar abundance problem [ s. basu and h.m . antia , physics reports 457 , 217 ( 2008 ) ] . here we describe measurements addressing three of the key requirements f... |
1611.03702 | i | nonequilibrium phenomenon in strongly correlated systems is of general interest and the machinery of the renowned ads / cft correspondence @xcite can assist us reveal its nature ( its application to equilibrium condensed matter problems can be found in refs . @xcite ) . in this article , we apply it to study the massle... | floquet states can be realized in quantum systems driven by continuous time - periodic perturbations . what will happen if strong interaction is introduced to this system ? will the interaction wash out the characteristic features of weyl semimetals such as the hall response ? is there a steady state and what is its th... | floquet states can be realized in quantum systems driven by continuous time - periodic perturbations . it is known that a state known as the floquet weyl semimetal can be realized when free dirac fermions are placed in a rotating electric field . what will happen if strong interaction is introduced to this system ? wil... |
1606.01435 | i | from the gene regulatory networks that control organismal development @xcite and the coherent oscillations between brain regions responsible for cognition @xcite to the connected technologies that support critical infrastructure @xcite , systems at many scales of modern society rely on the coordination of the dynami... | following the long - lived qualitative - dynamics tradition of explaining behavior in complex systems via the architecture of their attractors and basins , we investigate the patterns of switching between qualitatively distinct trajectories in a network of synchronized oscillators . our system , consisting of nonlinear... | following the long - lived qualitative - dynamics tradition of explaining behavior in complex systems via the architecture of their attractors and basins , we investigate the patterns of switching between qualitatively distinct trajectories in a network of synchronized oscillators . our system , consisting of nonlinear... |
1201.5452 | i | in this paper we deal with the problem of ergodic optimization and , more precisely with the study of grounds states . ergodic optimization is a relatively new branch of ergodic theory and is very active since the 2000 s . for a given dynamical system @xmath3 , the goal is to study existence and properties of the invar... | for a full shift with symbols and for a non - positive potential , locally proportional to the distance to one of disjoint full shifts with symbols , we prove that the equilibrium state converges as the temperature goes to 0 . the main result is that the limit is a convex combination of the two ergodic measures with... | for a full shift with symbols and for a non - positive potential , locally proportional to the distance to one of disjoint full shifts with symbols , we prove that the equilibrium state converges as the temperature goes to 0 . the main result is that the limit is a convex combination of the two ergodic measures with... |
1409.3780 | i | in recent times , various pricing models with jumps have been put forward which address the shortcomings of diffusion models in representing the risk related to large market movements ( see e.g. @xcite ) . such models allow for a more realistic representation of price dynamics and a greater flexibility in calibration ... | for a given stochastic process the _ future drawdown process _ furthermore , when the jumps of the lvy process are of single sign , we identify the one - dimensional distributions in terms of the scale function of . by way of example , we derive explicit results for the black scholes samuelson model . | for a given stochastic process the _ future drawdown process _ is defined by for fixed non - negative , two path - functionals that describe the fluctuations of are the running supremum and running infimum of , the path - functionals and are of interest in various areas of application , including financial mathematics... |
1409.3780 | i | we continue the study of the asymptotic behaviour of the tail probabilities of @xmath133 and @xmath134 in the case that the lvy measure @xmath64 of @xmath11 belongs to the class @xmath332 of convolution - equivalent measures which , we recall , is a subset of the following class @xmath333 . [ def3](class @xmath333 )... | is defined by for fixed non - negative , two path - functionals that describe the fluctuations of are the running supremum and running infimum of , the path - functionals and are of interest in various areas of application , including financial mathematics and queueing theory . in the case that is a lvy process with s... | for a given stochastic process the _ future drawdown process _ is defined by for fixed non - negative , two path - functionals that describe the fluctuations of are the running supremum and running infimum of , the path - functionals and are of interest in various areas of application , including financial mathematics... |
hep-th0604053 | i | the large number of recent publications on braneworld cosmology is a testament to the richness and difficulty of this comparatively new field ( see , for example , @xcite ) . despite the large gap in complexity between possible string / m - theory realisations and the greatly simplified models currently being investiga... | we focus on models where the bulk is empty apart from a negative cosmological constant , which , in the case of cosmological symmetry , implies the existence of a static frame with schwarzschild - ads geometry . considering the background case with the branes moving apart after a collision , we show that such a gauge c... | for five - dimensional braneworlds with an orbifold topology for the extra dimension , we discuss the validity of recent claims that a gauge exists where the two boundary branes lie at fixed positions and the metric satisfies where labels the transverse dimensions . we focus on models where the bulk is empty apart from... |
1310.3876 | i | in recent years single - molecule pulling techniques based on the use of laser optical tweezers ( lot ) or atomic force microscope ( afm ) have gained prominence as a versatile tool in the studies of non - covalent bonds and self - associating bio - molecular systems @xcite . the latter could be exemplified by the base... | we observe a series of characteristic force spikes when the pulling force is measured against the cantilever displacement during detachment at constant velocity ( displacement control mode ) and find that the average magnitude of this force increases as grows . our extensive md - simulations validate and support the ma... | forced detachment of a single polymer chain , strongly - adsorbed on a solid substrate , is investigated by two complementary methods : a coarse - grained analytical dynamical model , based on the onsager stochastic equation , and molecular dynamics ( md ) simulations with langevin thermostat . the suggested approach m... |
1310.3876 | c | we have demonstrated in this paper that a simple theory , based on the onsager stochastic equations , yields an adequate description of a typical afm- experiment within the displacement - control mode . this approach makes it possible to relax most of the restrictions inherent in the be - model . for example , this app... | the suggested approach makes it possible to go beyond the limitations of the conventional bell - evans model . moreover , the simulation reveals a novel behavior : for a strong - friction and massive cantilever the force spikes pattern is smeared out at large . as a challenging task for experimental bio - polymers sequ... | forced detachment of a single polymer chain , strongly - adsorbed on a solid substrate , is investigated by two complementary methods : a coarse - grained analytical dynamical model , based on the onsager stochastic equation , and molecular dynamics ( md ) simulations with langevin thermostat . the suggested approach m... |
0707.1577 | i | the famous theorem of dirac determines the smallest minimum degree of a graph which guarantees the existence of a hamilton cycle . there are many subsequent results which investigate degree conditions that guarantee the existence of a hamilton cycle with some additional properties . in particular , chartrand ( see @xc... | given a digraph , let be the minimum semi - degree of . is-ordered hamiltonian if for every sequence of distinct vertices of there is a directed hamilton cycle which encounters in this order . our main result is that every digraph of sufficiently large order with is-ordered hamiltonian . the bound on the minimum ... | given a digraph , let be the minimum semi - degree of . is-ordered hamiltonian if for every sequence of distinct vertices of there is a directed hamilton cycle which encounters in this order . our main result is that every digraph of sufficiently large order with is-ordered hamiltonian . the bound on the minimum ... |
1609.01292 | c | the extraction of gravitational waves from numerical simulations is one of the most important diagnostic tools in studying the strong - field dynamics of compact objects in four as well as higher dimensional spacetimes . in this work we have formulated the weyl tensor based wave extraction technique of godazgar & reall... | gravitational waves are one of the most important diagnostic tools in the analysis of strong - gravity dynamics and have been turned into an observational channel with ligo s detection of gw150914 . aside from their importance in astrophysics , black holes and compact matter distributions have also assumed a central ro... | gravitational waves are one of the most important diagnostic tools in the analysis of strong - gravity dynamics and have been turned into an observational channel with ligo s detection of gw150914 . aside from their importance in astrophysics , black holes and compact matter distributions have also assumed a central ro... |
1505.07887 | i | the web of cosmological large scale structure is both strikingly evident in observations and simulations and difficult to characterize . its existence has been known for several decades @xcite , and a huge number of different approaches have been used to study it since . recent overviews of many of these directions can... | we construct mean maps centered on these types of structures for gaussian random fields corresponding to cosmological initial conditions . we also describe scatter around these mean maps , subtleties which can arise in their construction , and some comparisons between halos in the maps and collapsed halos at final time... | halos , filaments , sheets and voids in the cosmic web can be defined in terms of the eigenvalues of the smoothed shear tensor and a threshold . using analytic methods , we construct mean maps centered on these types of structures for gaussian random fields corresponding to cosmological initial conditions . each map al... |
1505.07887 | m | the cosmic web can be separated into halos ( sometimes called nodes ) , filaments , sheets and voids . we will use the term halo and node interchangeably , as both terms are commonly used for these structures . there are many different web classifications based upon density , morphology , shear and beyond , some of whi... | halos , filaments , sheets and voids in the cosmic web can be defined in terms of the eigenvalues of the smoothed shear tensor and a threshold . using analytic methods , we find characteristic sizes , shapes and other properties of the central objects in these mean maps and explore how these properties change with vary... | halos , filaments , sheets and voids in the cosmic web can be defined in terms of the eigenvalues of the smoothed shear tensor and a threshold . using analytic methods , we construct mean maps centered on these types of structures for gaussian random fields corresponding to cosmological initial conditions . each map al... |
1609.07617 | i | results from nasa s @xmath2 mission have revealed an abundance of planets smaller than 2 @xmath13 with orbital periods less than 100 days @xcite . although only a few of those planets have measured masses , and therefore densities , those measurements have started to unveil an interesting picture . below a radius of ab... | hd 179070 , kepler-21 , is a = 8.25 f6iv star and the brightest exoplanet host discovered by . an early detailed analysis by of the first thirteen months ( q0 q5 ) of light curves revealed transits of a planetary companion , kepler-21b , with a radius of about 1.60 0.04 and an orbital period of about 2.7857 days . how... | hd 179070 , kepler-21 , is a = 8.25 f6iv star and the brightest exoplanet host discovered by . an early detailed analysis by of the first thirteen months ( q0 q5 ) of light curves revealed transits of a planetary companion , kepler-21b , with a radius of about 1.60 0.04 and an orbital period of about 2.7857 days . how... |
1405.6901 | r | here , we present the results for the free - falling cloud in a relic hii region . we also find the critical fuv intensity above which hd cooling is suppressed for the different values of the cr intensity . first , we see the results without cr irradiation to extract the fuv effect alone . fig . [ fig : h2_nt_cr0 ] sho... | there , the temperature decreases to several 10 k and the characteristic stellar mass decreases to , in contrast with first stars formed from undisturbed pristine clouds ( ) . owing to the higher column density and the more effective shielding , the critical fuv intensity for hd cooling in a shock - compressed gas bec... | hd dominates the cooling of primordial clouds with enhanced ionization , e.g. shock - heated clouds in structure formation or supernova remnants , relic hii regions of pop iii stars , and clouds with cosmic - ray ( cr ) irradiation . there , the temperature decreases to several 10 k and the characteristic stellar mass ... |
1405.6901 | c | hd molecules form abundantly in the primordial gas with enhanced initial ionization and play a dominant role in gas cooling . at the epoch of galaxy formation ( @xmath205 ) , shocks occur ubiquitously associated with the mass assembly as well as the sn explosions . in such a shock - compressed gas , the ionization deg... | hd dominates the cooling of primordial clouds with enhanced ionization , e.g. shock - heated clouds in structure formation or supernova remnants , relic hii regions of pop iii stars , and clouds with cosmic - ray ( cr ) irradiation . however , without cr irradiation , even weak far ultra - violet ( fuv ) irradiation su... | hd dominates the cooling of primordial clouds with enhanced ionization , e.g. shock - heated clouds in structure formation or supernova remnants , relic hii regions of pop iii stars , and clouds with cosmic - ray ( cr ) irradiation . there , the temperature decreases to several 10 k and the characteristic stellar mass ... |
astro-ph9907145 | i | for well over a century , radial velocities for objects outside the solar system have been determined through spectroscopy , using the ( doppler ) shifts of stellar spectral lines . the advent of high - accuracy ( sub - milliarcsec ) astrometric measurements , both on ground and in space , now permits radial velocities... | ( i.e. astrometric ) radial velocities are independent of stellar atmospheric dynamics , spectral complexity and variability , as well as of gravitational redshift . current accuracies are still inadequate for the first method , while the second is marginally feasible and is here applied to 16 stars . the third method... | high - accuracy astrometry permits the determination of not only stellar tangential motion , but also the component along the line - of - sight . such non - spectroscopic ( i.e. astrometric ) radial velocities are independent of stellar atmospheric dynamics , spectral complexity and variability , as well as of gravita... |
hep-ph0409355 | i | field theory in higher dimensions has been providing novel approaches to theoretical and phenomenological problems in recent particle physics . the existence of extra spatial dimensions beyond our fours is applied to various issues such as the generation of large scale hierarchies @xcite . in these approaches , a key ... | higher - dimensional field theory has been applied to explore various issues in recent particle physics such as the gauge hierarchy problem . in order for such approaches to be viable , , we present several schemes to determine the radius of extra dimension in warped five - dimensional theory . in every case , a non - ... | higher - dimensional field theory has been applied to explore various issues in recent particle physics such as the gauge hierarchy problem . in order for such approaches to be viable , a crucial ingredient is to fix the sizes of extra dimensions at some finite values , which sizes are generically free parameters in th... |
1212.1147 | i | a smooth _ @xmath0-knot _ @xmath4 in the @xmath5-sphere is an embedded @xmath6 in @xmath1 considered up to smooth isotopy . we say that @xmath4 is unknotted when it bounds a smoothly embedded @xmath7 . in contrast to classical knot theory , @xmath0-knots display many pathologies ; their exteriors need not be a @xmath8 ... | in , c. giller proposed an invariant of ribbon-knots in based on a type of skein relation for a projection to . in certain cases , this invariant is equal to the alexander polynomial for the-knot . giller s invariant is , however , a symmetric polynomial which the alexander polynomial of a-knot need not be . after mod... | in , c. giller proposed an invariant of ribbon-knots in based on a type of skein relation for a projection to . in certain cases , this invariant is equal to the alexander polynomial for the-knot . giller s invariant is , however , a symmetric polynomial which the alexander polynomial of a-knot need not be . after mod... |
1604.08347 | i | dzyaloshinskii - moriya interactions @xcite ( dmi ) may occur in magnetic systems that lack some type of inversion symmetry . the inversion asymmetry can be present in the magnetic system either because of a non - centrosymmetric crystal lattice @xcite ( helimagnetic material ) or due to the interfaces between differ... | in confined helimagnetic nanostructures , skyrmionic states in the form of incomplete and isolated skyrmion states can emerge as the ground state in absence of both external magnetic field and magnetocrystalline anisotropy . in this work , the eigenvalue method allows us to identify all resonance frequencies and corres... | in confined helimagnetic nanostructures , skyrmionic states in the form of incomplete and isolated skyrmion states can emerge as the ground state in absence of both external magnetic field and magnetocrystalline anisotropy . in this work , we study the dynamic properties ( resonance frequencies and corresponding eigenm... |
1604.08347 | r | we study the dynamics of all three equilibrium skyrmionic states that can be observed at zero external magnetic field in confined thin film helimagnetic disk samples with diameters @xmath107 . more precisely , we explore the resonance frequencies and corresponding eigenmode magnetisation dynamics of the ground state in... | we study the dynamic properties ( resonance frequencies and corresponding eigenmodes ) of skyrmionic states in thin film fege disk samples . we measure the fege gilbert damping , and using its value we determine what eigenmodes can be expected to be observed in experiments . finally , we show that neglecting the demagn... | in confined helimagnetic nanostructures , skyrmionic states in the form of incomplete and isolated skyrmion states can emerge as the ground state in absence of both external magnetic field and magnetocrystalline anisotropy . in this work , we study the dynamic properties ( resonance frequencies and corresponding eigenm... |
1201.4647 | i | in 1968 , a couple stood to trial in a notorious case , known as people of the state of california vs. collins " . the pair had been arrested since it matched eye - witness descriptions . it was estimated by the prosecution that only one in twelve million couples would match this description . the jury were invited t... | we give a detailed account of this problem in various degrees of generality . we then generalize the solution to deal with heterogeneous populations , biased search procedures for the suspect ,-correlations , uncertainty about the subpopulation of the criminal and the suspect , and uncertainty about the-frequencies . w... | in forensics it is a classical problem to determine , when a suspect shares a property with a criminal , the probability that . in this paper we give a detailed account of this problem in various degrees of generality . we start with the classical case where the probability of having , as well as the a priori probabili... |
1304.0765 | c | we develop an approach able to connect the overdensities of the density fluctuation field with the abundance and assembly history of the virialized haloes . starting from a very general basis , our _ conditional formalism _ ( cf ) concerns the inventory of the isolated overdense regions given the field conditional prob... | in order to attain a statistical description of the evolution of cosmic density fluctuations in agreement with results from the numerical simulations , we introduce a probability conditional formalism ( cf ) based on a complete inventory of isolated overdense regions in a density random field . this formalism is a usef... | in order to attain a statistical description of the evolution of cosmic density fluctuations in agreement with results from the numerical simulations , we introduce a probability conditional formalism ( cf ) based on a complete inventory of isolated overdense regions in a density random field . this formalism is a usef... |
1307.1765 | i | one of the outstanding theoretical problems in high energy heavy ion collisions is the understanding from first principles of the pressure isotropization and possibly the thermalization of the gluonic matter produced in these collisions . from rhic and lhc data , there is ample evidence that the expansion and coolin... | in the color glass condensate approach to the description of high energy heavy ion collisions , one needs to superimpose small random gaussian distributed fluctuations to the classical background field , in order to resum the leading secular terms that result from the weibel instability , that would otherwise lead to p... | in the color glass condensate approach to the description of high energy heavy ion collisions , one needs to superimpose small random gaussian distributed fluctuations to the classical background field , in order to resum the leading secular terms that result from the weibel instability , that would otherwise lead to p... |
astro-ph0004055 | i | according to cdm models of galaxy formation ( blumenthal et al . 1984 ; navarro , frenk , & white 1997 ; klypin , nolthenius , & primack 1997 ) , large galaxies emerge through the coalescence of smaller systems , normally identified as dwarf galaxies , which contain mostly dark matter with a fraction of gas . the dark ... | , the residual gas evolves at approximately the virial temperature of the dark matter halo . the hot gas is heated by compression and shock dissipation . the size distribution of the fragments in term determines the rate and efficiency of star formation during the early phase of galactic evolution . | in the gaseous envelope of protogalaxies , thermal instability leads to the formation of a population of cool fragments which are confined by the pressure of a residual hot background medium . in order to remain in a quasi - hydrostatic equilibrium , the residual gas evolves at approximately the virial temperature of t... |
1505.01280 | i | the galactic chemical evolution is the study of the transformation of gas into stars and the resulting evolution of the chemical composition of a galaxy . the so called `` simple model '' remains an useful guide for understanding the chemical evolution of galaxies since the pioneering works of schmidt ( 1963 ) , searle... | , we assume a star formation rate which follows a linear schmidt law , and we present new analytical solutions for the evolution of the metallicity ( z ) in galaxies . in particular , we take into account environmental effects including primordial and enriched gas infall , outflow , different star formation efficiencie... | in the last years , more and more interest has been devoted to analytical solutions , including inflow and outflow , to study the metallicity enrichment in galaxies . in this framework , we assume a star formation rate which follows a linear schmidt law , and we present new analytical solutions for the evolution of the... |
1505.01280 | c | in this paper we presented new analytical solutions for the evolution of the metallicity ( oxygen ) of a galaxy in presence of `` environment '' effects coupled with galactic fountains , and primordial infall of gas . the main results of our study are the following ones : * if we consider a linear schmidt ( 1959 ) l... | in the last years , more and more interest has been devoted to analytical solutions , including inflow and outflow , to study the metallicity enrichment in galaxies . in this framework our main results can be summarized as : i ) when a linear schmidt law of star formation is assumed , the resulting time evolution of th... | in the last years , more and more interest has been devoted to analytical solutions , including inflow and outflow , to study the metallicity enrichment in galaxies . in this framework , we assume a star formation rate which follows a linear schmidt law , and we present new analytical solutions for the evolution of the... |
hep-ph0309047 | i | we have calculated the perturbative @xmath7 and the nonperturbative @xmath6 corrections to the seven structure functions that can be measured in the semi - inclusive decay of a polarized @xmath1 in the process @xmath29 . we have used the factorization hypothesis to factorize the semi - inclusive decay into a current - ... | we find that the perturbative and nonperturbative corrections amount to and , respectively . mz - th/03 - 06 + hep - ph/0309047 + september 2003 + * * semi - inclusive decays at + including and polarization effects + m. fischer , s. groote , j.g . krner and m.c . | in the leading order of the-expansion in hqet the dominant contribution to the semi - inclusive decays of polarized baryons into the charm strangeness mesons and is given by the partonic process . using standard values for the parameters of the process one expects a rather large branching ratio of into these two chann... |
0912.2160 | i | graph transformation @xcite is becoming increasingly popular in order to describe system behavior due to its graphical , declarative and formal nature . for example , it has been used to describe the operational semantics of domain specific visual languages ( dsvls , @xcite ) , taking the advantage that it is possibl... | in the matrix approach to graph transformation we represent _ simple _ digraphs and rules with boolean matrices and vectors , and the rewriting is expressed using boolean operations only . in previous works , we developed analysis techniques enabling the study of the applicability of rule sequences , their independence... | in the matrix approach to graph transformation we represent _ simple _ digraphs and rules with boolean matrices and vectors , and the rewriting is expressed using boolean operations only . in previous works , we developed analysis techniques enabling the study of the applicability of rule sequences , their independence... |
hep-th0405035 | i | in field theory , the decomposition of the state vector in the basis of free fields with given momenta results in the concept of relativistic wave function in momentum space . the latter is the coefficient of the decomposition the fock component . the state vector is described by an infinite set of the fock components... | in the model where two massive scalar particles interact by the ladder exchanges of massless scalar particles ( wick - cutkosky model ) , we study in light - front dynamics the contributions of different fock sectors ( with increasing number of exchanged particles ) to full normalization integral and electromagnetic fo... | in the model where two massive scalar particles interact by the ladder exchanges of massless scalar particles ( wick - cutkosky model ) , we study in light - front dynamics the contributions of different fock sectors ( with increasing number of exchanged particles ) to full normalization integral and electromagnetic fo... |
1012.1154 | c | the number of microlensing event candidates detected towards the lmc during the 8 years of the ogle - iii survey is remarkably small . the overall optical depth calculated using the two most reliable events is @xmath175 and is smaller than obtained with two events found in the ogle ii data ( @xmath176 , paper i ) . on... | in the third part of the series presenting the optical gravitational lensing experiment ( ogle ) microlensing studies of the dark matter halo compact objects ( machos ) we describe results of the ogle - iii monitoring of the large magellanic cloud ( lmc ) . was calculated following a detailed blending examination and d... | in the third part of the series presenting the optical gravitational lensing experiment ( ogle ) microlensing studies of the dark matter halo compact objects ( machos ) we describe results of the ogle - iii monitoring of the large magellanic cloud ( lmc ) . this unprecedented data set contains almost continuous photome... |
1012.1154 | c | in this study we analysed almost 8 years of observations of the large magellanic cloud by ogle iii . the data set with its volume , coverage and quality supersedes all previous determinations of the microlensing optical depth , including the one based on the ogle ii data ( paper i ) . we detected two sound candidates... | this unprecedented data set contains almost continuous photometric coverage over 8 years of about 35 million objects spread over 40 square degrees . there is no reasonable limit found for heavier masses , leaving only a tiny window of mass spectrum still available for dark matter compact objects . [ firstpage ] c... | in the third part of the series presenting the optical gravitational lensing experiment ( ogle ) microlensing studies of the dark matter halo compact objects ( machos ) we describe results of the ogle - iii monitoring of the large magellanic cloud ( lmc ) . this unprecedented data set contains almost continuous photome... |
math0701724 | i | the theory of consensus or agreement problems for multi - agent systems has emerged as a challenging new area of research in recent years . it is a basic and fundamental problem in decentralized control of networks of dynamic agents and has attracted great attention of researchers . this is partly due to its broad appl... | in this paper , finite - time state consensus problems for continuous - time multi - agent systems are discussed , and two distributive protocols , which ensure that the states of agents reach an agreement in a finite time , are presented . by employing the method of finite - time lyapunov functions , we derive conditi... | in this paper , finite - time state consensus problems for continuous - time multi - agent systems are discussed , and two distributive protocols , which ensure that the states of agents reach an agreement in a finite time , are presented . by employing the method of finite - time lyapunov functions , we derive conditi... |
1309.3787 | i | following hempel s definition of distance for heegaard splittings @xcite , there have been a number of results showing that knots with high distance bridge surfaces are well behaved . for example , high distance knots are hyperbolic and do not contain essential surfaces of small euler characteristic @xcite and they h... | in this paper , we characterize all links in with bridge number at least three that have a bridge sphere of distance two . we show that a link has a bridge sphere of distance at most two then it falls into at least one of three categories : * the exterior of contains an essential meridional sphere . * can be decompo... | in this paper , we characterize all links in with bridge number at least three that have a bridge sphere of distance two . we show that a link has a bridge sphere of distance at most two then it falls into at least one of three categories : * the exterior of contains an essential meridional sphere . * can be decompo... |
1109.6581 | i | the hodgkin - huxley model is one of the most studied models in neuroscience since its creation in the early 50 s by hodgkin and huxley @xcite . this deterministic model was first created in order to describe the propagation of an action potential or nerve impulse along the axon of a neuron of the giant squid . in our ... | in this paper , we consider the generalized hodgkin - huxley model introduced by austin in . this model describes the propagation of an action potential along the axon of a neuron at the scale of ion channels . mathematically , this model is a fully - coupled piecewise deterministic markov process ( pdmp ) in infinite ... | in this paper , we consider the generalized hodgkin - huxley model introduced by austin in . this model describes the propagation of an action potential along the axon of a neuron at the scale of ion channels . mathematically , this model is a fully - coupled piecewise deterministic markov process ( pdmp ) in infinite ... |
1101.5250 | i | let us start with some basic definitions . a _ partition _ @xmath0 of @xmath1 is a sequence @xmath2 satisfying @xmath3 and @xmath4 ; we use the notation @xmath5 , @xmath6 ( _ length _ of @xmath0 ) , @xmath7 ( _ size _ of @xmath0 ) , @xmath8 if @xmath9 . we sometimes write @xmath10 if @xmath11 is repeated @xmath12 times... | in this paper , we extend recent results of assaf and mcnamara on skew pieri rule and skew murnaghan - nakayama rule to a more general identity , which gives an elegant expansion of the product of a skew schur function with a quantum power sum function in terms of skew schur functions . we give two proofs , one complet... | in this paper , we extend recent results of assaf and mcnamara on skew pieri rule and skew murnaghan - nakayama rule to a more general identity , which gives an elegant expansion of the product of a skew schur function with a quantum power sum function in terms of skew schur functions . we give two proofs , one complet... |
math0610670 | i | the multiple polylogarithm functions were defined in goncharov s paper @xcite as the following power series : @xmath7 where the @xmath8 are in the unit disk of the complex plane for @xmath9 and @xmath10 are positive integers . for @xmath11 , we get the classical @xmath3-th polylogarithm which was first introduced by le... | in this paper , we give a natural construction of mixed tate motives whose periods are a class of iterated integrals which include the multiple polylogarithm functions . given such an iterated integral , we construct two divisors and in the moduli spaces of-pointed stable curves of genus , and prove that the cohomology... | in this paper , we give a natural construction of mixed tate motives whose periods are a class of iterated integrals which include the multiple polylogarithm functions . given such an iterated integral , we construct two divisors and in the moduli spaces of-pointed stable curves of genus , and prove that the cohomology... |
1204.5818 | i | [ introduction ] the reflection and transmission of light at air - medium interface has been a topic of ongoing investigation and contention . initially , the amplitudes and directions of reflected and transmitted light were determined by fresnel formulas and snell s law . deviations were later found in total internal ... | in this paper , we present a systematic study of beam shifts and angular momenta of paraxial vortex beams at air - left - handed material ( lhm ) interfaces . it is shown that , compared to their counterparts at air - right - handed material ( rhm ) interfaces , the spatial goos - hnchen ( gh ) and imbert - fedorov ( i... | in this paper , we present a systematic study of beam shifts and angular momenta of paraxial vortex beams at air - left - handed material ( lhm ) interfaces . it is shown that , compared to their counterparts at air - right - handed material ( rhm ) interfaces , the spatial goos - hnchen ( gh ) and imbert - fedorov ( i... |
1403.1698 | i | quantum memory is , in a wide sense , a device that stores or freezes a quantum state both spatially and in time . a highly successful example is that a light pulse is frozen in a cloud of atoms @xcite . also quantum memory is of technological importance particularly in quantum information science , such as the quantum... | in this paper , we study a general linear networked system that contains a tunable memory subsystem ; that is , it is decoupled from an optical field for state transportation during the storage process , while it couples to the field during the writing or reading process . we then completely and explicitly characterize... | in this paper , we study a general linear networked system that contains a tunable memory subsystem ; that is , it is decoupled from an optical field for state transportation during the storage process , while it couples to the field during the writing or reading process . the input is given by a single photon state or... |
1305.3763 | i | the standard model ( sm ) has been extremely compatible with all the experimental tests so far . however , there are many theoretical attempts to go beyond the sm in order to answer some fundamental issues in the sm namely the hierarchy problems , number of generations etc . theories with extra spatial dimensions have ... | in this paper , we study central production , in the inclusive case , to look for graviton signals in large extra dimensional model using dilepton and diphoton channels . we carefully analyze signal and possible standard model background processes and study the feasibility of such new physics searches in a relatively c... | in this paper , we study central production , in the inclusive case , to look for graviton signals in large extra dimensional model using dilepton and diphoton channels . we carefully analyze signal and possible standard model background processes and study the feasibility of such new physics searches in a relatively c... |
1511.08887 | i | wireless relaying , as a promising technique to extend the coverage and increase the system capacity , have attracted much research interest in recent years @xcite . physical - layer network coding ( pnc ) @xcite is an advanced relaying technique that significantly enhances spectral efficiency by allowing a relay node ... | in this paper , we study the degrees of freedom ( dof ) of a new network information flow model called symmetric multi - relay mimo y channel , where three user nodes , each with antennas , communicate via geographically separated relay nodes , each with antennas . for this model , we establish a general dof achievabil... | in this paper , we study the degrees of freedom ( dof ) of a new network information flow model called symmetric multi - relay mimo y channel , where three user nodes , each with antennas , communicate via geographically separated relay nodes , each with antennas . for this model , we establish a general dof achievabil... |
1203.3692 | i | the numerical simulation and optimization of the dynamics of thin long elastic fibers are of great importance in the technical textile industry , for example in production processes of yarns or non - woven materials @xcite . in the slender - body theory a fiber can be asymptotically described by a parameterized , time ... | the resulting sequence of nonlinear elliptic systems with algebraic constraint is reformulated as constrained optimization problems in a hilbert space setting that admit a solution at each time level . stability and convergence of the scheme are proved . the numerical realization is performed by projected gradient meth... | in this paper a length - conserving numerical scheme for a nonlinear fourth order system of partial differential algebraic equations arising in technical textile industry is studied . applying a semidiscretization in time , the resulting sequence of nonlinear elliptic systems with algebraic constraint is reformulated a... |
1308.3211 | i | the original schwarz method , proposed and analyzed by hermann schwarz in 1870 @xcite , is an iterative method to find the solution of a partial differential equation ( pde ) on a complicated domain which is the union of two overlapping simpler subdomains . the method solves the equation on each of the two subdomains b... | in this paper we introduce a new schwarz framework and theory , based on the well - known idea of space decomposition , for nonsymmetric and indefinite linear systems arising from continuous and discontinuous galerkin approximations of general nonsymmetric and indefinite elliptic partial differential equations . the pr... | in this paper we introduce a new schwarz framework and theory , based on the well - known idea of space decomposition , for nonsymmetric and indefinite linear systems arising from continuous and discontinuous galerkin approximations of general nonsymmetric and indefinite elliptic partial differential equations . the pr... |
0712.3869 | i | let @xmath1 be a rational function with complex coefficients . the function @xmath1 is called _ indecomposable _ if the equality @xmath2 where @xmath3 denotes the superposition @xmath4 of rational functions @xmath5 @xmath6 , implies that at least one of the functions @xmath7 is of degree 1 . a rational function which i... | in this paper we prove several results about the lattice of imprimitivity systems of a permutation group containing a cyclic subgroup with at most two orbits . as an application we generalize the first ritt theorem about functional decompositions of polynomials , and some other related results . besides , we discuss ex... | in this paper we prove several results about the lattice of imprimitivity systems of a permutation group containing a cyclic subgroup with at most two orbits . as an application we generalize the first ritt theorem about functional decompositions of polynomials , and some other related results . besides , we discuss ex... |
1702.05351 | i | the mathematical study of enzyme kinetics ( or michaelis - menten kinetics ) is mainly based on the standard quasi - steady state approximation ( sqssa ) - which has been used in biochemistry , since the pioneering papers by bodenstein @xcite and chapman and underhill @xcite - which starts from the observation that enz... | in this paper we prove that the well - known quasi - steady state approximations , commonly used in enzyme kinetics , which can be interpreted as the reduced system of a differential system depending on a perturbative parameter , according to tihonov theory , are asymptotically equivalent to the center manifold of the ... | in this paper we prove that the well - known quasi - steady state approximations , commonly used in enzyme kinetics , which can be interpreted as the reduced system of a differential system depending on a perturbative parameter , according to tihonov theory , are asymptotically equivalent to the center manifold of the ... |
cond-mat0608713 | i | a key innovation in theoretical solid state physics in the last fifty years was the reformulation of quantum mechanics in a density formalism , based on the hohenberg - kohn theorem @xcite . despite initial resistance , in particular from quantum chemists , the method has replaced previous frameworks and provides , to ... | in this paper we revisit the levy - perdew - sahni equation . we derive solutions for the hydrogen - like atoms and analyse local properties . it is found that these systems are stable due to the existence of a vector potential , related to electron motion , which leads to two general effects : ( i ) the root of the ch... | in this paper we revisit the levy - perdew - sahni equation . we establish that the relation implicitly contains the conservation of energy density at every point of the system . the separate contributions to the total energy density are described in detail , and it is shown that the key difference to standard density ... |
1607.01998 | i | in our previous work ( @xcite , hereinafter referred to as paper i , and @xcite , paper ii ) , we have introduced new methods to classify asteroids into families , applicable to an extremely large dataset of proper elements , to update continuously this classification , and to estimate the collisional ages of large fam... | in this work we have estimated 10 collisional ages of 9 families for which for different reasons our previous attempts failed . in general , these are difficult cases that required dedicated effort , such as a new family classifications for asteroids in mean motion resonances , in particular the and with jupiter , as w... | in this work we have estimated 10 collisional ages of 9 families for which for different reasons our previous attempts failed . in general , these are difficult cases that required dedicated effort , such as a new family classifications for asteroids in mean motion resonances , in particular the and with jupiter , as w... |
1607.01998 | c | in this paper we have attempted to give a collisional model to a number of families for which the same attempt had previously failed . most of these families were either locked in resonances or anyway significantly affected by resonances , both mean motion and secular . to estimate an age for the family required in eac... | we have found a new family , among the griquas locked in the 2/1 resonance with jupiter , the family of ( 11097 ) 1994 ud1 . we have shown that the secular resonances do not affect significanly the secular change of proper a. for the family of ( 145 ) adeona we could estimate the age only after removal of a numbe... | in this work we have estimated 10 collisional ages of 9 families for which for different reasons our previous attempts failed . in general , these are difficult cases that required dedicated effort , such as a new family classifications for asteroids in mean motion resonances , in particular the and with jupiter , as w... |
hep-ph0501037 | i | thanks to the out - standing developments in recent neutrino physics a rather clear picture of neutrino oscillation parameters is emerging . we know that there are two large angles in the lepton mixing matrix , @xmath10 and @xmath0 , and one small angle @xmath11 , and the mass - squared differences @xmath12 and @xmath1... | atm data are sensitive to the octant of and to the type of the neutrino mass hierarchy , mainly through three - flavor effects in-like events . these claims are supported by a detailed simulation of the t2k ( phase ii ) lbl experiment combined with a full three - flavor analysis of atm data in the hyperkamiokande dete... | in this work we show that the physics reach of a long - baseline ( lbl ) neutrino oscillation experiment based on a superbeam and a megaton water cherenkov detector can be significantly increased if the lbl data are combined with data from atmospheric neutrinos ( atm ) provided by the same detector . atm data are sensi... |
hep-ph0501037 | c | in this work we have performed a combined analysis of future long - baseline ( lbl ) and atmospheric ( atm ) neutrino data . as a specific example we have considered the phase ii of the t2k experiment , consisting of a 4 mw superbeam produced at the j - parc facility . the 1 mt hyperkamiokande water cherenkov detect... | in this work we show that the physics reach of a long - baseline ( lbl ) neutrino oscillation experiment based on a superbeam and a megaton water cherenkov detector can be significantly increased if the lbl data are combined with data from atmospheric neutrinos ( atm ) provided by the same detector . madph-05 - 1412 + ... | in this work we show that the physics reach of a long - baseline ( lbl ) neutrino oscillation experiment based on a superbeam and a megaton water cherenkov detector can be significantly increased if the lbl data are combined with data from atmospheric neutrinos ( atm ) provided by the same detector . atm data are sensi... |
1504.03703 | i | distribution of entanglement is an essential task in quantum communication @xcite . entanglement can be used to make highly secure communication channels due to the sensitivity of entangled quantum systems to external influences @xcite . while this sensitivity makes it possible to detect any attack from an eavesdropp... | may increase the experimental difficulty in obtaining long - distance entanglement distribution using these systems . we analyse and compare a number of cavity - based repeater schemes combining various entanglement generation schemes and cavity assisted cnot gates . the heralded gate moves the effect of dissipation fr... | individual atoms in optical cavities can provide an efficient interface between stationary qubits and flying qubits ( photons ) , which is an essentiel building block for quantum communication . furthermore , cavity assisted controlled - not ( cnot ) gates can be used for swapping entanglement to long distances in a qu... |
1504.03703 | c | in conclusion , we have performed a detailed analysis of quantum repeaters based on individual emitters in optical cavities . we have found that a high - fidelity repeater based on the heralded gate described in ref . @xcite combined with a two - photon detection scheme is the best option over a large parameter regime... | furthermore , cavity assisted controlled - not ( cnot ) gates can be used for swapping entanglement to long distances in a quantum repeater setup . nonetheless , dissipation introduced by the cavity during the cnot we find that a scheme , where high - fidelity entanglement is first generated in a two - photon detection... | individual atoms in optical cavities can provide an efficient interface between stationary qubits and flying qubits ( photons ) , which is an essentiel building block for quantum communication . furthermore , cavity assisted controlled - not ( cnot ) gates can be used for swapping entanglement to long distances in a qu... |
0708.3269 | i | josephson junctions are natural voltage - to - frequency converters , since a finite voltage drop across the junction always leads to oscillating current with frequency proportional to the voltage ( _ ac _ josephson effect @xcite ) . this fundamental property suggested an attractive possibility to use the ac josephson ... | intrinsic josephson - junction stacks realized in mesas fabricated out of high - temperature superconductors may be used as sources of coherent electromagnetic radiation in the terahertz range . we suggest a simple way to solve this problem via artificially prepared lateral modulation of the josephson critical current ... | intrinsic josephson - junction stacks realized in mesas fabricated out of high - temperature superconductors may be used as sources of coherent electromagnetic radiation in the terahertz range . the major challenge is to synchronize josephson oscillations in all junctions in the stack to get significant radiation out o... |
1311.1649 | c | since the pioneering work of @xcite the formation and evolution of hmxbs with ns components has been intensively studied @xcite . the generally accepted evolutionary picture is that , the originally more massive star becomes the less massive as a result of mass transfer or mass loss , leaving behind a system composed o... | since the mass transfer process between the neutron star s progenitor and the companion star before the supernova should have increased the orbital period to tens of days , a mechanism with efficient orbit angular momentum loss and relatively small mass loss is required to account for its current orbital period . we ha... | is a high - mass x - ray binary with an orbital period of 3.9 days . the mass of the neutron star is as low as , suggesting that it was likely to be formed through an electron - capture supernova rather an iron - core collapse supernova . from the present system configurations , we argue that the orbital period at the ... |
1511.08530 | r | i use an effective nuclear interaction consisting of the central force of the mv1 force@xcite and the spin - orbit force of the g3rs force @xcite , and the coulomb force . the mv1 force is given by a two - range gaussian two - body term and a zero - range three - body term . the g3rs spin - orbit force is a two - range... | , low - energy e1 resonances appear in mev exhausting about of the thomas - reiche - kuhn sum rule and of the calculated energy - weighted sum . the dipole resonance at mev inbe can be interpreted as the parity partner of the ground state having ahe+ structure and has the remarkable e1 strength because of coherent cont... | isovector and isoscalar dipole excitations inbe andbe are investigated in the framework of antisymmetrized molecular dynamics , in which angular - momentum and parity projections are performed . in the present method , 1p-1h excitations on the ground state and large amplitude-cluster mode are incorporated . the isovect... |
1511.08530 | i | i investigated the isovector and isoscalar dipole excitations in @xmath0be and @xmath1be with the shifted amd combined with the @xmath2-cluster gcm , in which the 1p-1h excitations on the ground state and the large amplitude @xmath2-cluster mode are incorporated . since the angular - momentum and parity projections are... | 1p-1h excitations on the ground state and large amplitude-cluster mode are incorporated . the isovector giant dipole resonance ( gdr ) in mev shows the two peak structure which is understood by the dipole excitation in the 2 core part with the prolate deformation . because of valence neutron modes against the core the ... | isovector and isoscalar dipole excitations inbe andbe are investigated in the framework of antisymmetrized molecular dynamics , in which angular - momentum and parity projections are performed . in the present method , 1p-1h excitations on the ground state and large amplitude-cluster mode are incorporated . the isovect... |
0803.4000 | i | recent observations have clearly indicated that the expansion of the universe is accelerating . according to einstein s general relativity , this can only be realised if the pressure of the dominant component of the current universe is negative . these observations have triggered a renewed interest in the cosmological ... | it has been argued that the quantum ( conformal ) trace anomaly could potentially provide us with a dynamical explanation of the cosmological constant problem . in this paper , however , we show by means of a semiclassical analysis that the trace anomaly does not affect the cosmological constant . we construct the effe... | it has been argued that the quantum ( conformal ) trace anomaly could potentially provide us with a dynamical explanation of the cosmological constant problem . in this paper , however , we show by means of a semiclassical analysis that the trace anomaly does not affect the cosmological constant . we construct the effe... |
0803.4000 | c | the trace of the einstein field equations in cosmologically relevant spacetimes together with stress - energy conservation completely captures the dynamics of the hubble parameter . we have derived the trace anomaly from an effective action in spatially flat flrw spacetimes . it consists of the local quadratic geometri... | counterterms are thus expected to influence the numerical value of the coefficients in the trace anomaly and we must therefore allow these parameters to vary . we calculate the evolution of the hubble parameter in quasi de sitter spacetime , where we restrict our hubble parameter to vary slowly in time , and in flrw sp... | it has been argued that the quantum ( conformal ) trace anomaly could potentially provide us with a dynamical explanation of the cosmological constant problem . in this paper , however , we show by means of a semiclassical analysis that the trace anomaly does not affect the cosmological constant . we construct the effe... |
1003.3656 | i | low - amplitude variables are difficult to identify and classify , yet determining their true nature is astrophysically important . lee and carney ( 1999 ) and miceli et al . ( 2008 ) have shown that the oosterhoff type i ( oo i ) and the oosterhoff type ii ( oo ii ) _ field _ rr lyrae stars have different galactic dis... | it is not easy to identify and classify low - amplitude variables , but it is important that the classification is done correctly . we use photometry and spectroscopy to classify low - amplitude variables in a 246 deg part of the akerlof et al . ( 2002 ) field . | it is not easy to identify and classify low - amplitude variables , but it is important that the classification is done correctly . we use photometry and spectroscopy to classify low - amplitude variables in a 246 deg part of the akerlof et al . ( 2002 ) field . akerlof and collaborators found that 38% of the rr lyrae ... |
1003.3656 | i | we use johnson @xmath23 photometry and mmt spectroscopy to study eleven stars ( table 2 ) classified by aab as rr lyraes . our observations support the rr lyrae classifications for the five stars with the largest amplitudes , however , we find that the six low - amplitude stars classified by akerlof et al . ( 2000 ) as... | akerlof and collaborators found that 38% of the rr lyrae stars in their 2000 deg test field were rr1 ( type ) . this suggests that these rr lyrae stars belong to an oosterhoff type ii population while their period distribution is primarily oosterhoff type i. our observations support their rr0 ( type ) classifications ,... | it is not easy to identify and classify low - amplitude variables , but it is important that the classification is done correctly . we use photometry and spectroscopy to classify low - amplitude variables in a 246 deg part of the akerlof et al . ( 2002 ) field . akerlof and collaborators found that 38% of the rr lyrae ... |
cond-mat0010113 | i | recent studies of josephson plasma resonance ( jpr ) absorption in highly anisotropic layered high - temperature and organic superconductors have proved that this tool provides unique information on josephson coupling of layers and on the structure of vortex phases in the presence of an applied magnetic field . jpr in ... | josephson plasma resonance has been introduced recently as a powerful tool to probe interlayer josephson coupling in different regions of the vortex phase diagram in layered superconductors . in the liquid phase , we develop a recipe to extract the phase and density correlation functions from the dependencies of the pl... | josephson plasma resonance has been introduced recently as a powerful tool to probe interlayer josephson coupling in different regions of the vortex phase diagram in layered superconductors . in the liquid phase , the high temperature expansion with respect to the josephson coupling connects the josephson plasma freque... |
1608.01316 | r | from figure [ fig : photometry ] , three main features are apparent . the first is a long - term dimming at a linear rate from the beginning of the _ kepler_mission until approximately quarter 13 . the dimming then increases rapidly such that the observed flux from the star decreases by approximately 2.5% over 200 day... | kic 8462852 is a superficially ordinary main sequence f star for which _ kepler _ detected an unusual series of brief dimming events . for the final days of _ kepler _ photometry the magnitude remained approximately constant , although the data are also consistent with the decline rate measured for the first 2.7 y... | kic 8462852 is a superficially ordinary main sequence f star for which _ kepler _ detected an unusual series of brief dimming events . we obtain accurate relative photometry of kic 8462852 from the _ kepler _ full frame images , finding that the brightness of kic 8462852 monotonically decreased over the four years... |
1608.01316 | c | the _ kepler _ ffi light curve for kic 8462852 features a long - term slow dimming over the first three years of the mission . formally , the observed slope is statistically significant , but from our analysis of nearby stars it is likely that systematic uncertainties dominate over the statistical uncertainties . the... | kic 8462852 then dimmed much more rapidly in the next days , with its flux dropping by more than 2% . we examine whether the rapid decline could be caused by a cloud of transiting circumstellar material , finding while such a cloud could evade detection in sub - mm observations , the transit ingress and duration can ... | kic 8462852 is a superficially ordinary main sequence f star for which _ kepler _ detected an unusual series of brief dimming events . we obtain accurate relative photometry of kic 8462852 from the _ kepler _ full frame images , finding that the brightness of kic 8462852 monotonically decreased over the four years... |
1608.01316 | c | recently , multiple analyses of dasch photometry have produced conflicting results about the possible detection of a long - term dimming of kic 8462852 by @xmath7 magnitudes over the 20th century , or @xmath8 . the dimming of a star at that rate should be detectable in _ kepler _ data . here , we analyze monthly _ ke... | kepler_. over the first days , kic 8462852 faded approximately linearly at a rate of yr , for a total decline of 0.9% . moreover , this model can not account for the observed longer - term dimming . no known or proposed stellar phenomena can fully explain all aspects of the observed light curve . | kic 8462852 is a superficially ordinary main sequence f star for which _ kepler _ detected an unusual series of brief dimming events . we obtain accurate relative photometry of kic 8462852 from the _ kepler _ full frame images , finding that the brightness of kic 8462852 monotonically decreased over the four years... |
1309.4141 | i | penetration losses due to densely located buildings make it hard to predict coverage of cellular networks in urban areas . such blockage effects become more severe in systems of higher frequencies , and may limit performance of emerging millimeter - wave cellular networks @xcite . blockages impact system functions like... | large - scale blockages like buildings affect the performance of urban cellular networks , especially at higher frequencies . unfortunately , such blockage effects are either neglected or characterized by oversimplified models in the analysis of cellular networks . leveraging concepts from random shape theory , this pa... | large - scale blockages like buildings affect the performance of urban cellular networks , especially at higher frequencies . unfortunately , such blockage effects are either neglected or characterized by oversimplified models in the analysis of cellular networks . leveraging concepts from random shape theory , this pa... |
1604.02177 | i | let @xmath0 be a classical split real lie group of type @xmath1 , @xmath2 , or @xmath3 and let @xmath7 be its split real semi - simple lie algebra . let @xmath8 be a maximal parabolic subgroup of @xmath0 of type @xmath9 given as the complementary set of a root @xmath10 of the dynkin diagram of @xmath7 . the homogeneous... | let be a classical split real lie group of type , , or and a maximal parabolic subgroup of . the homogeneous space is a minimal flag manifold of and may be realized , respectively , as an even orthogonal , isotropic and odd orthogonal real grassmannian . in this paper we compute the cellular-homology group of such mani... | let be a classical split real lie group of type , , or and a maximal parabolic subgroup of . the homogeneous space is a minimal flag manifold of and may be realized , respectively , as an even orthogonal , isotropic and odd orthogonal real grassmannian . in this paper we compute the cellular-homology group of such mani... |
math0107151 | i | atiyah observed in @xcite that if @xmath0 is a compact symplectic manifold and @xmath7 a hamiltonian action of an @xmath1-dimensional torus @xmath4 on @xmath0 , then the cohomology groups of @xmath0 can be computed from the cohomology groups of the fixed point set @xmath8 of @xmath7 . explicitly , if @xmath9 is the mom... | let be a compact , connected symplectic manifold with a hamiltonian action of a compact-dimensional torus . the real locus of is , the fixed point set of . there is a residual action on , and we can use duistermaat s result , as well as some general facts about equivariant cohomology , to prove an equivariant analogue ... | let be a compact , connected symplectic manifold with a hamiltonian action of a compact-dimensional torus . suppose that is an anti - symplectic involution compatible with the-action . the real locus of is , the fixed point set of . duistermaat uses morse theory to give a description of the ordinary cohomology of in te... |
math0012104 | i | a complexity theory of homotopy algorithms for solving dense systems of polynomial equations was developed in @xcite . ( see also ( * ? ? ? * ch . the number of steps for these homotopy algorithms was bounded in terms of a condition number and the bzout number . one of the main features of that theory was unitary inv... | let be a sparse random polynomial system . we express the expected number of roots of inside a region as the integral over of a certain * mixed volume * form . when , the classical mixed volume is recovered . the main result in this paper is a bound on the probability that the condition number of on the region is la... | let be a sparse random polynomial system . this means that each has fixed support ( list of possibly non - zero coefficients ) and each coefficient has a gaussian probability distribution of arbitrary variance . we express the expected number of roots of inside a region as the integral over of a certain * mixed volu... |
1303.2891 | i | the _ golden ratio _ has fascinated people of diverse interests for at least 2400 years ( see , e.g. , @xcite ) . in mathematics ( and the arts ) two quantities @xmath21 and @xmath22 are in the golden ratio if the ratio of the sum of the quantities @xmath23 to the larger quantity @xmath21 is equal to the ratio of the ... | let be a transient diffusion process in with the diffusion coefficient and the scale function such that as , let denote its running minimum for , and let denote the time of its ultimate minimum . the derived results are applied to problems of optimal trading in the presence of bubbles where we show that the golden rati... | let be a transient diffusion process in with the diffusion coefficient and the scale function such that as , let denote its running minimum for , and let denote the time of its ultimate minimum . setting we show that the stopping time minimizes over all stopping times of ( with finite mean ) where the optimal boundary ... |
0903.2948 | i | in this paper we study what are the consequences at the dynamical behavior of the tangent map @xmath13 of a diffeomorphism @xmath18 , assuming that @xmath10 is robustly entropy expansive . in this direction we obtain that the tangent bundle has a @xmath13-invariant dominated splitting of the form @xmath14 where @xmath1... | let be a-diffeomorphism , , defined on a compact boundaryless-dimensional manifold , , and let be the homoclinic class associated to the hyperbolic periodic point . we prove that if there exists a neighborhood of such that for every the continuation of is entropy - expansive then there is a-invariant dominated splittin... | let be a-diffeomorphism , , defined on a compact boundaryless-dimensional manifold , , and let be the homoclinic class associated to the hyperbolic periodic point . we prove that if there exists a neighborhood of such that for every the continuation of is entropy - expansive then there is a-invariant dominated splittin... |
math0605685 | i | let @xmath3 be an @xmath19-dimensional euclidean space , with inner product @xmath20 . let @xmath0 be a ( finite ) irreducible crystallographic root system spanning @xmath3 and @xmath4 be a fixed nonnegative integer . we denote by @xmath21 the collection of hyperplanes in @xmath3 defined by the affine equations @xmath6... | let be an irreducible crystallographic root system with weyl group and coroot lattice , spanning a euclidean space . let be a positive integer and be the arrangement of hyperplanes in of the form for and . we compute these refined numbers for the classical root systems as well as for all root systems when and verify th... | let be an irreducible crystallographic root system with weyl group and coroot lattice , spanning a euclidean space . let be a positive integer and be the arrangement of hyperplanes in of the form for and . it is known that the number of bounded dominant regions of is equal to the number of facets of the positive part o... |
1505.05798 | i | reinforcement learning ( rl ) @xcite often requires substantial experience before achieving acceptable performance on individual control problems . one major contributor to this issue is the _ tabula - rasa _ assumption of typical rl methods , which learn from scratch on each new task . in these settings , learning pe... | lifelong reinforcement learning provides a promising framework for developing versatile agents that can accumulate knowledge over a lifetime of experience and rapidly learn new tasks by building upon prior knowledge . however , current lifelong learning methods exhibit non - vanishing regret as the amount of experience... | lifelong reinforcement learning provides a promising framework for developing versatile agents that can accumulate knowledge over a lifetime of experience and rapidly learn new tasks by building upon prior knowledge . however , current lifelong learning methods exhibit non - vanishing regret as the amount of experience... |
hep-ph0405243 | i | the origin of the electroweak symmetry breaking , a fundamental mystery of the weak interactions , will be probed directly by high energy experiments in the coming decade . in the standard model ( sm ) the symmetry breaking is triggered by the vacuum expectation value ( vev ) of a scalar higgs field . the quantum corre... | the higgs mass - squareds are protected at one - loop order from the quadratic divergences . this allows the cutoff of the theory to be raised up to tev , beyond the scales probed by the current precision data . however , strong constraints can still arise from the contributions of the new tev scale particles which can... | little higgs theories are an attempt to address the `` little hierarchy problem , '' _ i.e. _ , the tension between the naturalness of the electroweak scale and the precision electroweak measurements showing no evidence for new physics up to 5 10 tev . in little higgs theories , the higgs mass - squareds are protected... |
hep-ph0405243 | c | with tevatron run ii currently running and lhc to start in 2007 , the tev scale physics will be fully explored in the coming decade . the mystery of the origin of the electroweak symmetry breaking is expected to be unveiled . so far the precision electroweak measurements have not provided any evidence for new physics b... | little higgs theories are an attempt to address the `` little hierarchy problem , '' _ i.e. _ , the tension between the naturalness of the electroweak scale and the precision electroweak measurements showing no evidence for new physics up to 5 10 tev . in little higgs theories , we show that a new symmetry , denoted a... | little higgs theories are an attempt to address the `` little hierarchy problem , '' _ i.e. _ , the tension between the naturalness of the electroweak scale and the precision electroweak measurements showing no evidence for new physics up to 5 10 tev . in little higgs theories , the higgs mass - squareds are protected... |
0911.1167 | i | let @xmath1 be a real - analytic cr - manifold , generically embedded to the complex space @xmath2 an important class of cr - manifolds is the class of homogeneous cr - manifolds . a cr - manifold @xmath1 is called _ homogeneous , if its cr - automorphism group acts transitively on it . the cr - manifold @xmath1 is cal... | locally homogeneous cr - manifolds in dimension 3 were classified , up to local cr - equivalence , by e.cartan . we classify , up to local cr - equivalence , all locally homogeneous cr - manifolds in dimension 4 . the classification theorem enables us also to classify all symmetric cr - manifolds in dimension 4 , up to... | locally homogeneous cr - manifolds in dimension 3 were classified , up to local cr - equivalence , by e.cartan . we classify , up to local cr - equivalence , all locally homogeneous cr - manifolds in dimension 4 . the classification theorem enables us also to classify all symmetric cr - manifolds in dimension 4 , up to... |
1609.04007 | i | many cell signaling pathways involve the diffusion of messengers in the cytoplasm . in most cases these substances convey their message by binding to target molecules . furthermore , as they reach their targets they not only diffuse freely but also bind / unbind to other cell components . for long enough times , the ne... | many cell signaling pathways involve the diffusion of _ messengers _ that bind / unbind to intracellular components . quantifying their net transport rate under different conditions , then requires having separate estimates of their free diffusion coefficient and binding / unbinding rates . in this paper , we show how ... | many cell signaling pathways involve the diffusion of _ messengers _ that bind / unbind to intracellular components . quantifying their net transport rate under different conditions , then requires having separate estimates of their free diffusion coefficient and binding / unbinding rates . in this paper , we show how ... |
1008.0522 | i | the hubbard model @xcite is one of the most common models for the description of strongly correlated electron systems on lattices . because it contains the motion of the electrons as well as the interaction between two electrons at the same site it is capable to describe charge degrees of freedom as well as magnetic de... | one important example in the realm of strongly correlated fermionic systems is the mapping of the hubbard model to a- model which is appropriate for the treatment of doped mott insulators . charge fluctuations across the charge gap are eliminated . so far the derivation of the- model is only known at half - filling or ... | mapping complex problems to simpler effective models is a key tool in theoretical physics . one important example in the realm of strongly correlated fermionic systems is the mapping of the hubbard model to a- model which is appropriate for the treatment of doped mott insulators . charge fluctuations across the charge ... |
1207.0662 | i | markov chain monte carlo ( mcmc ) methods are well - known tools for sampling a target distribution @xmath0 known up to a multiplicative constant . mcmc algorithms sample @xmath0 by constructing a markov chain admitting @xmath0 as unique invariant distribution . a canonical example is the the metropolis - hastings algo... | markov chain monte carlo ( mcmc ) methods allow to sample a distribution known up to a multiplicative constant . classical mcmc samplers are known to have very poor mixing properties when sampling multimodal distributions . a major drawback of this algorithm is that it depends on many design parameters and thus , requi... | markov chain monte carlo ( mcmc ) methods allow to sample a distribution known up to a multiplicative constant . classical mcmc samplers are known to have very poor mixing properties when sampling multimodal distributions . the equi - energy sampler is an interacting mcmc sampler proposed by kou , zhou and wong in 2006... |
hep-ex9712027 | i | _ prologue : _ in 1992 , h. fritzsch summarised the status of qcd 20 years on " @xcite with the words a very large amount of data in strong - interaction physics is described by the pomeron singularity ... the fact that the physics of the pomeron is very simple needs to be explained in equally simple terms in qcd ..... | measurements of diffractive phenomena observed at hera and the tevatron are reviewed . the review focuses on the current experimental directions at hera and discusses exclusive production of vector mesons , the dissociation of real photons and the deep inelastic structure of diffraction . complementary information obta... | measurements of diffractive phenomena observed at hera and the tevatron are reviewed . a short introduction to the theoretical background is presented where colour singlet exchange reactions are discussed and the diffractive contribution and its interpretation via pomeron exchange outlined . the review focuses on the c... |
1310.7012 | i | accretion discs around magnetized neutron stars can greatly influence the stellar magnetic field , and magnetic field deformations can in turn have an effect on the angular momentum exchange between the disc and the central object . here we investigate these deformations and their effect on the neutron star spin . we f... | millisecond pulsars are rather weakly - magnetized neutron stars which are thought to have been spun up by disc accretion , with magnetic linkage between the star and the disc playing a key role . this paper is the third in a series presenting results from a step - by - step analysis which we are making of the problem ... | millisecond pulsars are rather weakly - magnetized neutron stars which are thought to have been spun up by disc accretion , with magnetic linkage between the star and the disc playing a key role . their spin history depends sensitively on details of the magnetic field structure , but idealized models from the 1980s and... |
1011.3327 | i | ecologists increasingly use species distribution models to address theoretical and practical issues , including predicting the response of species to climate change [ @xcite , @xcite , @xcite ] , designing and managing conservation areas [ @xcite ] , and finding additional populations of known species or closely relate... | the abundance values are ordinally categorized . we formulate the empirical abundance pattern as a degraded version of the potential pattern , with the degradation effect accomplished in two stages . first , we adjust for land use transformation and then we adjust for measurement error , hence misclassification error ,... | modeling species abundance patterns using local environmental features is an important , current problem in ecology . the cape floristic region ( cfr ) in south africa is a global hot spot of diversity and endemism , and provides a rich class of species abundance data for such modeling . here , we propose a multi - sta... |
physics0107013 | i | the investigation of small atomic and molecular clusters remains an active area of research , both theoretically@xcite and experimentally.@xcite computer simulations of clusters have revealed a wide diversity of fundamental behavior that is highly sensitive to many factors , such as the cluster aggregate size @xmath4 ,... | all of the clusters studied had pronounced peaks in their heat capacity curves , most of which corresponded to their solid - liquid phase - change regions . these magic numbers were a subset of the magic numbers found for other cluster properties , and can be largely understood in terms of the clusters underlying geome... | monte carlo methods were used to calculate heat capacities as functions of temperature for classical atomic clusters of aggregate sizes that were bound by pairwise lennard - jones potentials . the parallel tempering method was used to overcome convergence difficulties due to quasiergodicity in the solid - liquid phase ... |
physics0107013 | c | compared to the irregularity with respect to cluster size @xmath4 that characterized the properties of the small clusters of size @xmath111 that i studied previously,@xcite the properties for the clusters sized @xmath112 showed more regularity and consistency . the lowest - energy isomers for these sizes were all domin... | the heat capacity peak height and location exhibited two general trends as functions of cluster size : for to 36 , the peak temperature slowly increased , while the peak height slowly decreased , disappearing by ; for , a very small secondary peak at very low temperature emerged and quickly increased in size and temper... | monte carlo methods were used to calculate heat capacities as functions of temperature for classical atomic clusters of aggregate sizes that were bound by pairwise lennard - jones potentials . the parallel tempering method was used to overcome convergence difficulties due to quasiergodicity in the solid - liquid phase ... |
1511.08880 | i | the standard model ( sm ) of the elementary particles describes particle physics phenomena remarkably well up to the electroweak scale . in addition , the recent discovery of a higgs boson at the lhc @xcite strengthens the success of the sm . on the other hand , the detailed measurements of the higgs boson properties ... | motivated by the recent cms excess in a flavor violating higgs decay as well as the anomaly of muon anomalous magnetic moment ( muon g-2 ) , we consider a scenario where both the excess in and the anomaly of muon g-2 are explained by the flavor violation in a general two higgs doublet model . we study various processes... | motivated by the recent cms excess in a flavor violating higgs decay as well as the anomaly of muon anomalous magnetic moment ( muon g-2 ) , we consider a scenario where both the excess in and the anomaly of muon g-2 are explained by the flavor violation in a general two higgs doublet model . we study various processes... |
1401.7678 | i | frustrated quantum magnets can exhibit highly unconventional ground states , in which local moments are highly correlated but nevertheless evade a conventional ordering transition and remain strongly fluctuating down to zero temperature . these unusual states are commonly referred to as quantum spin liquids @xcite des... | motivated by the recent synthesis of-liiro a spin - orbit entangled mott insulator with a three - dimensional lattice structure of the ir ions we consider generalizations of the kitaev model believed to capture some of the microscopic interactions between the iridium moments on various trivalent lattice structures in... | motivated by the recent synthesis of-liiro a spin - orbit entangled mott insulator with a three - dimensional lattice structure of the ir ions we consider generalizations of the kitaev model believed to capture some of the microscopic interactions between the iridium moments on various trivalent lattice structures in... |
astro-ph0110558 | c | we have analyzed here the effects of the bulk viscosity due to hyperons on the stability of the @xmath0-modes in rotating neutron stars . hyperons exist only in the high density core of a neutron star where the influence of the @xmath0-mode is quite small . thus to evaluate accurately and reliably the importance of thi... | we find that the instability is completely suppressed in stars with cores cooler than a few times k , but that stars rotating more rapidly than of maximum are unstable for temperatures around k. since neutron - star cores are expected to cool to a few times k within seconds ( much shorter than the-mode instability g... | neutron stars are expected to contain a significant number of hyperons in addition to protons and neutrons in the highest density portions of their cores . following the work of jones , we calculate the coefficient of bulk viscosity due to nonleptonic weak interactions involving hyperons in neutron - star cores , inclu... |
1702.05537 | r | in order to avoid the shortcomings of the model function eq . [ eq : tradform ] , an alternative formulation for @xmath9 should be 1 ) positive for all finite @xmath2 and bounded from above ; 2 ) monotonically decreasing to zero for @xmath10 ; 3 ) almost constant at @xmath11 ; and 4 ) asymptotically equal to the form o... | individual fits for different impact velocities as well as a tentative general fitting formula are given , especially for the case of dunite - on - dunite impacts . the temperature effects resulting from the shock are estimated for different decay models , and the differences between them are found to be substantial in... | new forms of empirical formulae that provide an approximate description of the decay of shock pressure with distance in hypervelocity impacts are proposed . these forms , which are intended for use in applications such as large - scale mantle convection models , are continuous and smooth from the point of impact to arb... |
1702.05537 | c | on a general note , all datasets indicate that the numerical models approach the impedance - match solution at @xmath8 the better the higher the velocity of the impactor is ; this was already noticed by @xcite , who suggested that it may be a numerical effect , namely a consequence of the shorter timesteps in models wi... | these forms , which are intended for use in applications such as large - scale mantle convection models , are continuous and smooth from the point of impact to arbitrarily large distances , thereby avoiding the need to divide the domain into different decay regimes and yielding the maximum pressure in a self - consiste... | new forms of empirical formulae that provide an approximate description of the decay of shock pressure with distance in hypervelocity impacts are proposed . these forms , which are intended for use in applications such as large - scale mantle convection models , are continuous and smooth from the point of impact to arb... |
1002.3853 | i | let @xmath0 be a transcendental entire function , and that @xmath1 an entire function solution of the differential equation @xmath2 we use the @xmath3 and @xmath4 to denote the _ order _ and _ exponent of convergence of zeros _ , respectively , of an entire function @xmath1 . a solution is called _ complex oscill... | new necessary and sufficient conditions are given for the quantization of a class of periodic second order non - homogeneous ordinary differential equations in the complex plane in this paper . the degenerate solutions are of polynomial / rational - type functions which are of independent interest . in particular , thi... | new necessary and sufficient conditions are given for the quantization of a class of periodic second order non - homogeneous ordinary differential equations in the complex plane in this paper . the problem is studied from the viewpoint of complex oscillation theory first developed by bank and laine ( 1982 , 1983 ) and ... |
1509.00809 | i | various cosmological observations have now established that more than 80% of the energy density of matter in the universe is composed of non - baryonic dark matter ( dm ) @xcite . the standard model ( sm ) of particle physics , however , can not explain this observation , and therefore there should be new physics beyon... | , we systematically study this possibility by classifying weakly interacting dark matter candidates in terms of their quantum numbers of , , and . we consider both scalar and fermion candidates . we show that the requirement of a sufficiently high unification scale to ensure a proton lifetime compatible with experiment... | non - supersymmetric so(10 ) grand unified theories provide a framework in which the stability of dark matter is explained while gauge coupling unification is realized . in this work , we systematically study this possibility by classifying weakly interacting dark matter candidates in terms of their quantum numbers of ... |
1509.00809 | c | the success of the standard model is now well established . nevertheless , we know that the standard model is incomplete . neutrinos have masses , there is a non - zero baryon asymmetry in the universe , and dark matter makes up a sizable component of the total matter density . many extensions to the standard model hav... | only su(2) singlets with zero hypercharge or doublets with satisfy all constraints for and intermediate scale gauge groups . among fermion triplets with zero hypercharge , only a triplet in the * 45 * with intermediate group leads to solutions with and a long proton lifetime . we also discuss how these models may be te... | non - supersymmetric so(10 ) grand unified theories provide a framework in which the stability of dark matter is explained while gauge coupling unification is realized . in this work , we systematically study this possibility by classifying weakly interacting dark matter candidates in terms of their quantum numbers of ... |
1104.1121 | i | the formation of surface nanostructures such as islands or quantum dots during heteroepitaxy of strained films has attracted continuing great interest , due to its importance in both fundamental understanding of material growth and its wide range of applications particularly for optoelectronic nano devices @xcite . one... | nonlinear evolution of three - dimensional strained islands or quantum dots in heteroepitaxial thin films is studied via a continuum elasticity model and the development of a nonlinear dynamic equation governing the film morphological profile . the results are compared to previous experimental and theoretical studies o... | nonlinear evolution of three - dimensional strained islands or quantum dots in heteroepitaxial thin films is studied via a continuum elasticity model and the development of a nonlinear dynamic equation governing the film morphological profile . all three regimes of island array evolution are identified and examined , i... |
1104.1121 | c | we have investigated the nonlinear dynamic processes governing the formation , coarsening , and stabilization of strained quantum dot islands on the surface of heteroepitaxial films , through the development of a nonlinear evolution equation for film morphology . our study is based on a continuum elasticity model that ... | all three regimes of island array evolution are identified and examined , including a film instability regime at early stage , a nonlinear coarsening regime at intermediate times , and the crossover to a saturated asymptotic state , with detailed behavior depending on film - substrate misfit strains but not qualitative... | nonlinear evolution of three - dimensional strained islands or quantum dots in heteroepitaxial thin films is studied via a continuum elasticity model and the development of a nonlinear dynamic equation governing the film morphological profile . all three regimes of island array evolution are identified and examined , i... |
1102.0570 | i | observations of damped lya systems ( dlas ) , quasars and gamma - ray bursts ( grbs ) have shown that relatively large amounts of dust are present in high-@xmath0 galaxies ( see , e.g. * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? this raises questions about the origins of cosmic dust ... | observations have revealed unexpectedly large amounts of dust in high - redshift galaxies and its origin is still much debated . here it is shown that since accretion of essentially pristine material may lower the efficiency of dust formation significantly , and the observationally derived dust - to - gas ratios for th... | observations have revealed unexpectedly large amounts of dust in high - redshift galaxies and its origin is still much debated . valiante et al . ( 2009 , mnras , 397 , 1661 ) suggested the net stellar dust production of the quasar host galaxy sdss j1148 + 5251 may be sufficient to explain the large dust mass detected ... |
cs0701057 | i | optimization is a core problem both in mathematics and computer science . it is a very active research area with many international conferences every year , a large amount of literature , and many researchers and users across many fields for a wide range of applications . combinatorial optimization @xcite is a branch ... | cooperative optimization is a newly proposed general method for attacking hard optimization problems inspired by cooperation principles in team playing . it has an established theoretical foundation and has demonstrated outstanding performances in solving real - world optimization problems . with some general settings ... | often times , individuals working together as a team can solve hard problems beyond the capability of any individual in the team . cooperative optimization is a newly proposed general method for attacking hard optimization problems inspired by cooperation principles in team playing . it has an established theoretical f... |
1508.07164 | i | we have considered strongly interacting two - component systems in one dimension held in place by an external confinement . such systems have an effective hamiltonian that can be completely specified by computing a set of local exchange coefficients which may be interpreted as nearest - neighbor spin exchange interacti... | one - dimensional multi - component fermi or bose systems with strong zero - range interactions can be described in terms of local exchange coefficients and mapping the problem into a spin model is thus possible . for arbitrary external confining potentials an approach using the local density approximation would theref... | one - dimensional multi - component fermi or bose systems with strong zero - range interactions can be described in terms of local exchange coefficients and mapping the problem into a spin model is thus possible . for arbitrary external confining potentials the local exchanges are given by highly non - trivial geometri... |
1409.3400 | c | applying the tully - fisher distance ( @xmath91 = 30.54@xmath110.40 mag ; @xcite ) and the reddening derived in section 3.4 to the observed b@xmath92 and v@xmath92band peak magnitudes , we obtain the absolute magnitudes at maximum light as m@xmath93 mag and @xmath94 mag when @xmath55=3.1 is adopted in the extinction co... | these parameters are close to those derived for sn 2008 in and sn 2009n which have been regarded as gap - filler " objects linking the faint sne iip to the normal ones . this indicates that some low - velocity sne iip may not necessarily result from the low - energetic explosions , and the low expansion velocities cou... | optical and ultraviolet observations for the nearby type ii - plateau supernova ( sn iip ) 2013am in the nearby spiral galaxy m65 are presented in this paper . the early spectra are characterized by relatively narrow p - cygni features , with ejecta velocities much lower than observed in normal sne iip ( i.e. , km s vs... |
1409.3400 | i | we present the optical and ultraviolet observations of the low - velocity sn iip 2013am in nearby galaxy m65 . the spectra of sn 2013am are characterized by narrow p - cygni lines at lower velocities , and the overall evolution is very similar to that seen in the proto - type low - velocity ii - p supernova 2005cs . ho... | optical and ultraviolet observations for the nearby type ii - plateau supernova ( sn iip ) 2013am in the nearby spiral galaxy m65 are presented in this paper . the early spectra are characterized by relatively narrow p - cygni features , with ejecta velocities much lower than observed in normal sne iip ( i.e. , km s vs... | optical and ultraviolet observations for the nearby type ii - plateau supernova ( sn iip ) 2013am in the nearby spiral galaxy m65 are presented in this paper . the early spectra are characterized by relatively narrow p - cygni features , with ejecta velocities much lower than observed in normal sne iip ( i.e. , km s vs... |
astro-ph0006073 | i | the problem of thermal conduction in a stochastic magnetic field is crucial for our understanding of galaxy cluster formation ( suginohara & ostriker 1998 ; cen & ostriker 1999 ) and for the theory of cooling flows ( fabian 1990 ) . it is also of great interest for the solar physics and for various questions of plasma ... | parallel thermal conduction along stochastic magnetic field lines may be reduced because the heat conducting electrons become trapped and detrapped between regions of strong magnetic field ( magnetic mirrors ) . therefore , in deriving the collision integral , we modify the pitch angle scattering term . we take into ac... | parallel thermal conduction along stochastic magnetic field lines may be reduced because the heat conducting electrons become trapped and detrapped between regions of strong magnetic field ( magnetic mirrors ) . the problem reduces to a simple but realistic model for diffusion of mono - energetic electrons based on the... |
0705.1426 | r | let us start by assuming that we have an electromagnetic wave , with its electric and magnetic fields @xmath4^{t}$ ] and @xmath5^{t}$ ] linearly polarized along the directions @xmath6 and @xmath7 respectively . the @xmath8-component of the electric field and the @xmath9-component of the magnetic field depend on the var... | propagation , transmission and reflection properties of linearly polarized plane waves and arbitrarily short electromagnetic pulses in one - dimensional dispersionless dielectric media possessing an arbitrary space - time dependence of the refractive index are studied by using a two - component , highly symmetric versi... | propagation , transmission and reflection properties of linearly polarized plane waves and arbitrarily short electromagnetic pulses in one - dimensional dispersionless dielectric media possessing an arbitrary space - time dependence of the refractive index are studied by using a two - component , highly symmetric versi... |
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