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1102.3922	c	in this paper , we have generated a collection of evolutionary models for brown dwarfs and very - low - mass stars for different atmospheric metallicities , with and without clouds . these models employ realistic atmosphere boundary conditions that allow us to consistently predict , given a detailed opacity model , the...	employing realistic and consistent atmosphere boundary conditions , we have generated evolutionary models for brown dwarfs and very - low - mass stars ( vlms ) for different atmospheric metallicities ( [ fe / h ] ) , with and without clouds . we find that the spread in radius at a given mass and age can be as large as%...	employing realistic and consistent atmosphere boundary conditions , we have generated evolutionary models for brown dwarfs and very - low - mass stars ( vlms ) for different atmospheric metallicities ( [ fe / h ] ) , with and without clouds . we find that the spread in radius at a given mass and age can be as large as%...
1105.6223	i	stability of two - dimensional ( 2d ) plasma crystals is a fundamental problem of complex ( dusty ) plasmas . such crystals which are monolayers of hexagonally ordered monodisperse microparticles can be ( routinely ) created in a rf plasma @xcite : particles get negatively charged in a plasma and therefore the electr...	experiments with two - dimensional ( 2d ) plasma crystals are usually carried out in rf plasma sheaths , where the interparticle interactions are modified due to the presence of plasma wakes . the theory predicts a number of distinct fingerprints to be observed upon the instability onset , such as the emergence of a ne...	experiments with two - dimensional ( 2d ) plasma crystals are usually carried out in rf plasma sheaths , where the interparticle interactions are modified due to the presence of plasma wakes . the wake - mediated interactions result in the coupling between wave modes in 2d crystals , which can trigger the mode - coupli...
1008.0905	i	in this paper , we study schrdinger eigenvalue problems with real and complex polynomial potentials in the complex plane under various decaying boundary conditions . we provide explicit asymptotic formulas relating the index @xmath11 to a series of fractional powers of the eigenvalue @xmath12 ( see theorem [ main_thm1 ...	for integers and , we study the eigenvalue problemsu(z)=\lambda u(z)$ ] with the boundary conditions that decays to zero as tends to infinity along the rays in the complex plane , where is a polynomial of degree at most . then we show that if the eigenvalue problem is-symmetric , then the eigenvalues are all real and p...	for integers and , we study the eigenvalue problemsu(z)=\lambda u(z)$ ] with the boundary conditions that decays to zero as tends to infinity along the rays in the complex plane , where is a polynomial of degree at most . we provide asymptotic expansions of the eigenvalues . then we show that if the eigenvalue problem ...
math0411143	i	in this paper , we study schrdinger operators with any polynomial potential of degree @xmath0 with complex coefficients , under decaying boundary conditions along two rays to infinity in the complex plane , and provide asymptotic expansions of the eigenvalue counting functions and the eigenvalues . then we will use the...	for integers and , we study the eigenvalue problemu(z)=\lambda u(z)$ ] with the boundary conditions that decays to zero as tends to infinity along the rays in the complex plane , where is a polynomial . we provide asymptotic expansions of the eigenvalue counting function and the eigenvalues . then we apply these to the...	for integers and , we study the eigenvalue problemu(z)=\lambda u(z)$ ] with the boundary conditions that decays to zero as tends to infinity along the rays in the complex plane , where is a polynomial . we provide asymptotic expansions of the eigenvalue counting function and the eigenvalues . then we apply these to the...
1504.04789	i	let @xmath22 $ ] denote the set of @xmath3-hlder continuous functions @xmath23\to { \mathbb{r}}$ ] . in 2009 , kahane and katznelson @xcite proved the following result and asked whether it is sharp . for every @xmath0 there exists a function @xmath24 such that if @xmath9 $ ] and @xmath25 is of bounded variation , th...	for let denote the supremum of the numbers such that every-hlder continuous function is of bounded variation on a set of hausdorff dimension . kahane and katznelson ( 2009 ) proved the estimate and asked whether the upper bound is sharp . the upper bound on is a consequence of the following theorem . let\}$ ] be a frac...	for let denote the supremum of the numbers such that every-hlder continuous function is of bounded variation on a set of hausdorff dimension . kahane and katznelson ( 2009 ) proved the estimate and asked whether the upper bound is sharp . we show that in fact . let and denote the hausdorff and upper minkowski dimension...
hep-th9508172	i	more than twenty years ago , brezin , le guillou and zinn - justin ( bgz ) studied the phase transition of a cubic anisotropic system by means of renormalization group equations @xcite . within a @xmath4-expansion , they found that to lowest nontrivial order in @xmath5 , the only stable fixed point for @xmath6 is the @...	for the anisotropic$]-theory with we calculate the imaginary parts of the renormalization - group functions in the form of a series expansion in , around the isotropic case . the vertex functions in the presence of instantons are renormalized with the help of a nonperturbative procedure introduced for the simple-theory...	for the anisotropic$]-theory with we calculate the imaginary parts of the renormalization - group functions in the form of a series expansion in , around the isotropic case . dimensional regularization is used to evaluate the fluctuation determinants for the isotropic instanton near the space dimension . the vertex fun...
astro-ph0110540	i	the recent discovery of extrasolar planets on orbits very close to their parent stars ( mayor & queloz 1995 ; marcy et al . 2000 ; vogt et al . 2000 ; butler 2001 ) has raised a number of questions about the formation mechanisms of such systems . these close - in planetary companions are all presumed to be gas giants ,...	density waves launched by the planet are assumed to be damped as a result of their nonlinear evolution leading to shock formation and its subsequent dissipation . as a consequence wave angular momentum is transferred to the disk , leading to evolution of its surface density . planetary migration is an important ingredi...	gap formation in a gas disk triggered by disk - planet tidal interaction is considered . density waves launched by the planet are assumed to be damped as a result of their nonlinear evolution leading to shock formation and its subsequent dissipation . as a consequence wave angular momentum is transferred to the disk , ...
1612.00209	i	a self - similar set @xmath0 is defined as the limit set of an iterated function system ( ifs ) of contractive similitudes , and the iteration is addressed by a symbolic space of finite words which forms a tree . the topological boundary of the tree is a cantor - type set . however the tree does not capture all the geo...	given an iterated function system ( ifs ) of contractive similitudes , the theory of gromov hyperbolic graph on the ifs has been established recently . in the paper , we introduce a notion of simple augmented tree which is a gromov hyperbolic graph . by generalizing a combinatorial device of rearrangeable matrix , we s...	given an iterated function system ( ifs ) of contractive similitudes , the theory of gromov hyperbolic graph on the ifs has been established recently . in the paper , we introduce a notion of simple augmented tree which is a gromov hyperbolic graph . by generalizing a combinatorial device of rearrangeable matrix , we s...
astro-ph9610096	i	each specific model for the development of cosmogonic structure ( e.g. the hot dark matter [ hdm ] or cold dark matter [ cdm ] scenarios ) has one free parameter , the amplitude of the density power spectrum . in the light of the cobe observations ( smoot et al . 1992 ; gorski et al . 1994 ) , it occurs , for the fir...	gravitational lensing directly measures mass density fluctuations along the lines of sight to very distant objects . no assumptions need to be made concerning bias , the ratio of fluctuations in galaxy density to mass density . , this method is applied here to a standard cold dark matter universe . different cosmologic...	gravitational lensing directly measures mass density fluctuations along the lines of sight to very distant objects . no assumptions need to be made concerning bias , the ratio of fluctuations in galaxy density to mass density . hence , lensing is a very useful tool to study the universe at low to moderate redshifts . ...
1310.2206	i	this paper studies two - channel finite impulse response ( fir ) perfect reconstruction filter banks @xcite . figure [ ds_poly ] depicts the polyphase - with - advance representation of a filter bank @xcite . a lifting factorization @xcite decomposes the polyphase matrices @xmath0 and @xmath1 into upper and lower t...	examples of group lifting structures are given for linear phase lifting factorizations of the two nontrivial classes of two - channel linear phase fir filter banks , the whole- and half - sample symmetric classes , including both the reversible and irreversible cases . , it is shown that lifting factorizations are high...	group lifting structures are introduced to provide an algebraic framework for studying lifting factorizations of two - channel perfect reconstruction fir filter banks . the lifting factorizations generated by a group lifting structure are characterized by abelian groups of lower and upper triangular lifting matrices , ...
1310.2206	c	a new algebraic framework , the group lifting structure , has been introduced for studying lifting factorizations of fir perfect reconstruction filter banks . the primary focus of the paper is the uniqueness of the matrix factors arising in lifting factorizations . with no constraints on the lifting process , propositi...	group lifting structures are introduced to provide an algebraic framework for studying lifting factorizations of two - channel perfect reconstruction fir filter banks . the lifting factorizations generated by a group lifting structure are characterized by abelian groups of lower and upper triangular lifting matrices , ...	group lifting structures are introduced to provide an algebraic framework for studying lifting factorizations of two - channel perfect reconstruction fir filter banks . the lifting factorizations generated by a group lifting structure are characterized by abelian groups of lower and upper triangular lifting matrices , ...
0704.2340	i	during the last decade , many radioactive beam facilities have become available in the world . at these facilities , nuclear reactions involving nuclei with large neutron or proton excess can be studied , providing the opportunities to study the properties of nuclear matter under the extreme condition of large isospin ...	recent analyses of the isospin diffusion data in heavy - ion reactions have already put a stringent constraint on the nuclear symmetry energy around the nuclear matter saturation density . we review this exciting result and discuss its implications on nuclear effective interactions and the neutron skin thickness of hea...	heavy - ion reactions induced by neutron - rich nuclei provide a unique means to investigate the equation of state of isospin - asymmetric nuclear matter , especially the density dependence of the nuclear symmetry energy . in particular , recent analyses of the isospin diffusion data in heavy - ion reactions have alrea...
1410.3256	i	superconductivity is a striking physical phenomenon ; it is a manifestation of quantum effects on a macroscopic scale . the most striking features of superconductivity are ( i ) the zero value of the electrical resistivity , ( ii ) the expulsion of the magnetic flux ( meissner effect ) , ( iii ) the interference betwee...	historical review on the studies of the electron paramagnetic resonance in superconductors performed in the period from 1970 to 1990 at the kazan physical technical institute of the russian academy of sciences ( group of dr . e. g. kharakhashyan ) in collaboration with kazan state university ( group of prof . b. i. koc...	historical review on the studies of the electron paramagnetic resonance in superconductors performed in the period from 1970 to 1990 at the kazan physical technical institute of the russian academy of sciences ( group of dr . e. g. kharakhashyan ) in collaboration with kazan state university ( group of prof . b. i. koc...
0803.2475	i	in this talk i would like to describe some remarkable progress that has been made in the past few years in understanding the structure of gauge boson scattering amplitudes in a particular gauge theory , @xmath0 super - yang - mills theory . while this theory differs in many details from the electroweak and qcd theories...	i describe some recent developments in the understanding of gluon scattering amplitudes in super - yang - mills theory in the large- limit . these amplitudes can be computed to high orders in the weak coupling expansion , and also now at strong coupling using the ads / cft correspondence . slac	i describe some recent developments in the understanding of gluon scattering amplitudes in super - yang - mills theory in the large- limit . these amplitudes can be computed to high orders in the weak coupling expansion , and also now at strong coupling using the ads / cft correspondence . they hold the promise of bein...
1401.3075	i	on an acyclic multicast network , if there is a linear solution over gf(@xmath0 ) , could we claim that there is a linear solution over every gf(@xmath23 ) with @xmath312 ? it would be tempting to answer it positively because by the result in @xcite , the claim is correct when @xmath0 is no smaller than the number of r...	in an acyclic multicast network , it is well known that a linear network coding solution over gf( ) exists when is sufficiently large . in particular , for each prime power no smaller than the number of receivers , a linear solution over gf( ) can be efficiently constructed . in this work specifically , we prove by con...	in an acyclic multicast network , it is well known that a linear network coding solution over gf( ) exists when is sufficiently large . in particular , for each prime power no smaller than the number of receivers , a linear solution over gf( ) can be efficiently constructed . in this work , we reveal that a linear solu...
1001.1132	i	in this article we summarize the assumptions made and the reasoning that led to the development and construction of our parton bubble model ( pbm)@xcite , which successfully explained the charge - particle - pair correlations in the central ( 0 - 10% centrality ) @xmath11 200 gev au au data@xcite . the pbm is also cons...	these sheets create boost invariant flux tubes of longitudinal color electric and magnetic fields . a blast wave gives the tubes near the surface transverse flow in the same way it gave transverse flow to the bubbles in the pbm . in this paper in the gftm the longitudinal color electric and magnetic fields have a non -...	in an earlier paper we developed a parton bubble model ( pbm ) for rhic , high - energy heavy - ion collisions . pbm was based on a substructure of a ring of localized bubbles ( gluonic hot spots ) which initially contain 3 - 4 partons composed of almost entirely gluons . the bubble ring was perpendicular to the collid...
1308.4760	i	the x - ray binary cygnus x-1 was discovered in the early days of x - ray astronomy @xcite , and its compact primary was the first black hole candidate to be established via dynamical observations @xcite . recently , in three sequential papers on cygnus x-1 , we reported accurate values of the source distance @xmath7 ...	in gou et al . ( 2011 ) , we reported that the black hole primary in the x - ray binary cygnus x-1 is a near - extreme kerr black hole with a spin parameter ( ) . . the earlier work , which was based on an analysis of all three useful spectra that were then available , was possibly biased by the presence in these spe...	in gou et al . ( 2011 ) , we reported that the black hole primary in the x - ray binary cygnus x-1 is a near - extreme kerr black hole with a spin parameter ( ) . we confirm this result while setting a new and more stringent limit : at the ( 99.7% ) level of confidence . the earlier work , which was based on an analy...
1008.0454	c	as noted above , polarized position angle variations could be caused either by phenomena at the pulsar ( e.g. , precession or magnetospheric adjustments in the emission beam geometry ) ; or by interestellar faraday rotation variability . the observed measurements and upper limits on position angle changes reported in t...	we show that the uncertainties in a single - epoch measurement of position angle is usually dominated by random pulse - to - pulse jitter of the polarized subpulses . even with these uncertainties , we find that the position angle variations in 19 pulsars are significantly better fitted ( at the 3 level ) by a sinusoid...	in order to study precession and interstellar magnetic field variations , we measured the polarized position angle of 81 pulsars at several - month intervals for four years . we show that the uncertainties in a single - epoch measurement of position angle is usually dominated by random pulse - to - pulse jitter of the ...
1103.4237	i	the accretion disk models have been developed much in the past several decades . many disk models have been proposed and some of them are widely adopted in astrophysical studies nowadays , including but not restricted to shakura - sunyaev disk ( ssd ; see shakura & sunyaev 1973 ) , advection dominated accretion flow ( ...	in order to study the outflows from accretion disks , we solve the set of hydrodynamic equations for accretion disks in the spherical coordinates ( ) to obtain the explicit structure along the direction . using self - similar assumptions in the radial direction , we change the equations to a set of ordinary differentia...	in order to study the outflows from accretion disks , we solve the set of hydrodynamic equations for accretion disks in the spherical coordinates ( ) to obtain the explicit structure along the direction . using self - similar assumptions in the radial direction , we change the equations to a set of ordinary differentia...
cond-mat0402574	i	our current understanding of critical phenomena results from an intensive interplay between experimental studies of a large variety of physical systems , ground - breaking theoretical developments ( including renormalization group methods , finite - size scaling theory and conformal invariance ) and extensive numerical...	in the past perfect surfaces have been shown to yield a local critical behaviour that differs from the bulk critical behaviour . on the other hand surface defects , whether they are of natural origin or created artificially , are known to modify local quantities . it is shown furthermore that under certain circumstance...	in the past perfect surfaces have been shown to yield a local critical behaviour that differs from the bulk critical behaviour . on the other hand surface defects , whether they are of natural origin or created artificially , are known to modify local quantities . it is therefore important to clarify whether these defe...
cond-mat0402574	c	surface criticality has been the subject of intensive studies in the last thirty years . thereby a large variety of different methods ( analytical , numerical , and experimental ) has been used , yielding a host of interesting results , as reviewed in this work . critical phenomena at perfect surfaces are now in genera...	the effect of surface defects ( presence of edges , steps , quenched randomness , lines of adatoms , regular geometric patterns ) on local critical behaviour in semi - infinite systems and in thin films is discussed in detail . whereas most of the defects commonly encountered are shown to be irrelevant , some notable e...	in the past perfect surfaces have been shown to yield a local critical behaviour that differs from the bulk critical behaviour . on the other hand surface defects , whether they are of natural origin or created artificially , are known to modify local quantities . it is therefore important to clarify whether these defe...
cond-mat0703433	i	since superfluidity was first realized in ultracold trapped two - component atomic fermi gases @xcite , there has been increasing interest in the properties of spin - polarized fermi superfluids @xcite . as in unpolarized fermi gas superfluids , by making use of a feshbach scattering resonance between fermions , the ...	in the strong - coupling bec region where a feshbach resonance gives rise to tightly - bound dimer molecules , we show that a spin - polarized fermi superfluid reduces to a simple bose - fermi mixture of bose - condensed dimers and the leftover unpaired fermions . using a many - body functional integral formalism , , w...	in the strong - coupling bec region where a feshbach resonance gives rise to tightly - bound dimer molecules , we show that a spin - polarized fermi superfluid reduces to a simple bose - fermi mixture of bose - condensed dimers and the leftover unpaired fermions . using a many - body functional integral formalism , the...
0803.0707	i	let @xmath8=\{1,\ldots , p\}$ ] , and @xmath9 be the set of permutations of @xmath8 $ ] , for @xmath10 . when @xmath10 is even , let @xmath11 be the set of _ pairings _ on @xmath8 $ ] , which are partitions of the set @xmath8 $ ] into disjoint pairs ( subsets of size @xmath2 ) . we refer to the single element of @xmath...	in the symmetric group on a set of size , let denote the conjugacy class of involutions with no fixed points ( equivalently , we refer to these as `` pairings '' , since each disjoint cycle has length ) . their famous result has been reproved many times , primarily because it can be interpreted as the genus distributio...	in the symmetric group on a set of size , let denote the conjugacy class of involutions with no fixed points ( equivalently , we refer to these as `` pairings '' , since each disjoint cycle has length ) . harer and zagier explicitly determined the distribution of the number of disjoint cycles in the product of a fixed ...
1304.5327	i	the optically bright , extended region sh2 - 252 is a part of the gemini ob1 association . this region is mainly composed of two small clusters ngc 2175s and teu 136 and four cregions namely a , b , c and e. in this paper , an extensive survey of the star forming complex sh2 - 252 has been undertaken with an aim to exp...	in this paper , an extensive survey of the star forming complex sh2 - 252 has been undertaken with an aim to explore its hidden young stellar population as well as to understand the structure and star formation history for the first time . we used 2mass - nir and _ spitzer_-irac , mips photometry to identify and classi...	in this paper , an extensive survey of the star forming complex sh2 - 252 has been undertaken with an aim to explore its hidden young stellar population as well as to understand the structure and star formation history for the first time . this complex is composed of five prominent embedded clusters associated with the...
1504.05260	i	in the mathematical modelling of epidemic diseases , the fate of the disease can be predicted through the uninfected and infected equilibria and their stability . the basic reproduction number , @xmath1 , represents the average number of new infectives introduced into an otherwise disease - free system by a single infe...	in this paper , dynamical systems theory and bifurcation theory are applied to investigate the rich dynamical behaviours observed in three simple disease models . the 2- and 3-dimensional models we investigate have arisen in previous investigations of epidemiology , in - host disease , and autoimmunity . these closely ...	in this paper , dynamical systems theory and bifurcation theory are applied to investigate the rich dynamical behaviours observed in three simple disease models . the 2- and 3-dimensional models we investigate have arisen in previous investigations of epidemiology , in - host disease , and autoimmunity . these closely ...
1002.2125	i	neptune mass extrasolar planets around main sequence stars were first detected five years ago . since then , 27 planets with a projected mass lower than 25 earth masses have been discovered , the lightest one having a projected mass of 1.94 m@xmath2 . among these objects , 17 have a semi major axis smaller than 0.1 ...	, we expect that three resonant angles could be involved in this way . however , the relationship between these pairs that occurs in hd 40307 might be produced if the resonance is impulsively modified by an event like a close encounter shortly after the planetary system decouples from the disc . we find this to be in ...	in this paper , we consider the dynamics of a system of hot super earths or neptunes such as hd 40307 . we show that , as tidal interaction with the central star leads to small eccentricities , the planets in this system could be undergoing resonant coupling even though the period ratios depart significantly from ver...
1002.2125	c	in this paper , we have shown that the planets around the star hd 40307 could be undergoing a resonant interaction , despite departure of the period ratios from very precise commensurability . this is indicated by the fact that three of the four resonant angles librate or are associated with long term changes to the o...	in this paper , we consider the dynamics of a system of hot super earths or neptunes such as hd 40307 . we show that , as tidal interaction with the central star leads to small eccentricities , the planets in this system could be undergoing resonant coupling even though the period ratios depart significantly from ver...	in this paper , we consider the dynamics of a system of hot super earths or neptunes such as hd 40307 . we show that , as tidal interaction with the central star leads to small eccentricities , the planets in this system could be undergoing resonant coupling even though the period ratios depart significantly from ver...
1603.07922	i	if @xmath3 is a finite set of primes , we define the set of _ @xmath0-units _ to be those integers of the shape @xmath4 , with exponents @xmath5 nonnegative integers . the arithmetic of such sets has been frequently studied due to its connections to a wide variety of problems in number theory and arithmetic geometry . ...	our approach is based upon the modularity of galois representations and , for the most part , does not require lower bounds for linear forms in logarithms . its main virtue is that it enables to carry out such a program explicitly , at least for certain small sets of primes ; we do so for and .	in this paper , we develop a new method for finding all perfect powers which can be expressed as the sum of two rational-units , where is a finite set of primes . our approach is based upon the modularity of galois representations and , for the most part , does not require lower bounds for linear forms in logarithms . ...
1102.0738	i	quite a long time ago , wigner @xcite introduced random matrices in the context of nuclear physics . he suggested that the highly - excited energy levels of complex nuclei can locally be well represented by the eigenvalues of a large random matrix . a big nucleus is a rather complex system composed of many strongly in...	next we focus on the gaussian unitary ensemble ( gue ) and by suitably adapting a method of orthogonal polynomials developed by gross and matytsin in the context of yang - mills theory in two dimensions , we provide a rather simple derivation of the tracy - widom law for gue . our derivation is based on the elementary ...	in this paper , we first briefly review some recent results on the distribution of the maximal eigenvalue of a random matrix drawn from gaussian ensembles . next we focus on the gaussian unitary ensemble ( gue ) and by suitably adapting a method of orthogonal polynomials developed by gross and matytsin in the context o...
math9903089	i	in this paper we investigate the large scale geometry of connected nilpotent lie groups equipped with left invariant riemannian metrics by studying their quasi - isometric embeddings into various metric spaces . let @xmath1 be a connected nilpotent lie group with a left invariant riemannian metric and @xmath2 be the in...	in this paper , we prove results concerning the large scale geometry of connected , simply connected nilpotent lie groups equipped with left invariant riemannian metrics . precisely , we prove that there do not exist quasi - isometric embeddings of such a nilpotent lie group into either a metric space or an alexandrov ...	in this paper , we prove results concerning the large scale geometry of connected , simply connected nilpotent lie groups equipped with left invariant riemannian metrics . precisely , we prove that there do not exist quasi - isometric embeddings of such a nilpotent lie group into either a metric space or an alexandrov ...
1307.8325	i	we address the issue of front propagation in a reaction - transport equation of kinetic type , @xmath1 here , the density @xmath2 describes a population of individuals in a continuum setting , and @xmath3 is the macroscopic density . the subset @xmath4 is the set of all possible velocities . individuals move following ...	the model describes particles moving according to a velocity - jump process , and proliferating thanks to a reaction term of monostable type . the minimal speed of propagation of waves is obtained from an explicit dispersion relation . we construct the waves using a technique of sub- and super- solutions and prove thei...	in this paper , we study the existence and stability of travelling wave solutions of a kinetic reaction - transport equation . the model describes particles moving according to a velocity - jump process , and proliferating thanks to a reaction term of monostable type . the boundedness of the velocity set appears to be ...
1308.1259	i	performance of low - density parity - check ( ldpc ) codes under iterative decoding algorithms in the error floor region is closely related to the problematic structures of the code s tanner graph @xcite , @xcite , @xcite , @xcite , @xcite , @xcite , @xcite , @xcite , @xcite , @xcite , @xcite , @xcite , @x...	for the set of ldpc codes with a given variable node degree and girth , we identify all the non - isomorphic structures of an arbitrary class of etss , where is the number of variable nodes and is the number of odd - degree check nodes in the induced subgraph of the ets . our study leads to a simple characterization of...	in this paper , we study the graphical structure of elementary trapping sets ( ets ) of variable - regular low - density parity - check ( ldpc ) codes . etss are known to be the main cause of error floor in ldpc coding schemes . for the set of ldpc codes with a given variable node degree and girth , we identify all the...
1308.1259	c	in this paper , we investigated the structure of elementary trapping sets ( ets ) of left - regular ldpc codes . we developed an approach to find _ all _ the non - isomorphic structures of a given @xmath2 class of etss , where @xmath3 is the size and @xmath4 is the number of unsatisfied check nodes of the ets . for lef...	in this paper , we study the graphical structure of elementary trapping sets ( ets ) of variable - regular low - density parity - check ( ldpc ) codes . the results of this paper can be used for the error floor analysis and for the design of ldpc codes with low error floors .	in this paper , we study the graphical structure of elementary trapping sets ( ets ) of variable - regular low - density parity - check ( ldpc ) codes . etss are known to be the main cause of error floor in ldpc coding schemes . for the set of ldpc codes with a given variable node degree and girth , we identify all the...
astro-ph9910032	i	hierarchical clustering scenarios predict that early - type galaxies we see today in large virialized structures and in low density environments have formed at different epochs ( ellis 1998 and references therein ) . cluster objects formed through major merging events at red - shift @xmath3 , whereas early - type galax...	( 1998a , b ) for a sample of 51 early - type galaxies located in low density environments ( lde ) and showing signatures of fine structures and/or interactions . the sample contains 21 shell - galaxies and 30 members of interacting pairs . looking at the three indices in common , i.e. mg2 , fe5270 , and h , the cal...	in this paper we analyze the line - strength indices in the lick - system measured by longhetti et al . ( 1998a , b ) for a sample of 51 early - type galaxies located in low density environments ( lde ) and showing signatures of fine structures and/or interactions . the sample contains 21 shell - galaxies and 30 member...
astro-ph9910032	i	in this paper firstly we have compared the line strength indices for ssps that one would obtain using different calibrations in literature , namely worthey ( 1992 ) , worthey et al . ( 1994 ) , buzzoni et al . ( 1992 , 1994 ) and idiart et al . ( 1995 ) . secondly , with the aid of the worthey ( 1992 ) and worthey et a...	in this paper we analyze the line - strength indices in the lick - system measured by longhetti et al . firstly we perform a preliminary comparison between three different sources of calibrations of the line strength indices , namely buzzoni et al . ( 1992 , 1994 ) , worthey ( 1992 ) , worthey et al . ( 1992 , 1994 ) ,...	in this paper we analyze the line - strength indices in the lick - system measured by longhetti et al . ( 1998a , b ) for a sample of 51 early - type galaxies located in low density environments ( lde ) and showing signatures of fine structures and/or interactions . the sample contains 21 shell - galaxies and 30 member...
1701.06237	i	let @xmath0 be a given space - time domain in @xmath1 , denoted by @xmath2 in this domain we consider a continuity equation of the form : @xmath3 in the space of probability measures , with the constraint that the support of @xmath4 lies in the closure of @xmath0 . when @xmath5 , this constraint yields the co - normal ...	in this paper we consider a class of continuity equations that are conditioned to stay in general space - time domains , which is formulated as a continuum limit of interacting particle systems . we also consider the vanishing viscosity approximation of the system , given with the co - normal boundary data . if the dom...	in this paper we consider a class of continuity equations that are conditioned to stay in general space - time domains , which is formulated as a continuum limit of interacting particle systems . we study the well - posedness of the solutions and provide examples illustrating that the stability of solutions is strongly...
1308.1010	i	there is a vast literature on @xmath2-body vortex problems , much of which is reference in the book by newton @xcite . the geostrophic vortex models are described in many geophysics texts including @xcite . there has been some work done on two - layer point vortex dynamics on the entire plane . these include the works ...	in this paper we derive the equations of motion for two - layer point vortex motion on the upper half plane . we study the invariants using symmetry , including the hamiltonian and show that the two vortex problem is integrable . we characterize all two vortex motions for the cases where the vortex strengths are both e...	in this paper we derive the equations of motion for two - layer point vortex motion on the upper half plane . we study the invariants using symmetry , including the hamiltonian and show that the two vortex problem is integrable . we characterize all two vortex motions for the cases where the vortex strengths are both e...
1107.5180	i	lagrangian transport methods are based on following the individual trajectories obtained by solving the original differential equation ( ode ) for the particle location starting from a set of initial conditions @xmath0 at time @xmath1 : @xmath2 where @xmath3 is the velocity field . the geometrical approach of dyn...	the ( eulerian ) boundaries across which we consider ( lagrangian ) transport are kinematically defined by appropriately chosen streamlines of the mean flow . by evaluating the impact of the mean - eddy interaction on transport , the time method can be used as a diagnostic tool for transport processes that occur during...	in this paper we develop a method for the estimation of * transport induced by the mean-e*ddy interaction ( time ) in two - dimensional unsteady flows . the method is built on the dynamical systems approach and can be viewed as a hybrid combination of lagrangian and eulerian methods . the ( eulerian ) boundarie...
1107.5180	i	we have developed a mathematical framework for the estimation of * transport induced by the mean-e*ddy interaction ( time ) for flow properties and fluid particles with emphasis on two - dimensional unsteady geophysical flows , without the assumption of incompressibility . the time method estimates the amount o...	in this paper we develop a method for the estimation of * transport induced by the mean-e*ddy interaction ( time ) in two - dimensional unsteady flows . the method is built on the dynamical systems approach and can be viewed as a hybrid combination of lagrangian and eulerian methods . where the time functions a...	in this paper we develop a method for the estimation of * transport induced by the mean-e*ddy interaction ( time ) in two - dimensional unsteady flows . the method is built on the dynamical systems approach and can be viewed as a hybrid combination of lagrangian and eulerian methods . the ( eulerian ) boundarie...
1004.1617	i	the rotational spectra of many commonly observed molecules such as hcn , hnc , nh@xmath0 , n@xmath1h@xmath2 , and c@xmath3o exhibit hyperfine structure from the splitting of the rotational energy levels by electric quadrupole and magnetic dipole interactions induced by the nuclear moments of atoms such as n or @xmath3o...	in this paper we discuss two approximate methods previously suggested for modeling hyperfine spectral line emission for molecules whose collisional transitions rates between hyperfine levels are unknown . hyperfine structure is seen in the rotational spectra of many commonly observed molecules such as hcn , hnc , nh , ...	in this paper we discuss two approximate methods previously suggested for modeling hyperfine spectral line emission for molecules whose collisional transitions rates between hyperfine levels are unknown . hyperfine structure is seen in the rotational spectra of many commonly observed molecules such as hcn , hnc , nh , ...