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1504.03735 | i | plasma ions are generally assumed to be stationary in the theory of ultra - relativistic non - linear plasma electron waves excited as wakefields of a laser or particle beam @xcite-@xcite . important exceptions to this occur when the drive beam ( or a witness beam being accelerated ) in a plasma wakefield accelerator b... | the excitation of a non - linear ion - wake by a train of ultra - relativistic electron bubble wake- is modeled . the ion - wake is shown to be a driven non - linear ion - acoustic wave in the form of a cylindrical ion - soliton- . the phases of the oscillating radial electric fields of the slowly - propagating electro... | the excitation of a non - linear ion - wake by a train of ultra - relativistic electron bubble wake- is modeled . the ion - wake is shown to be a driven non - linear ion - acoustic wave in the form of a cylindrical ion - soliton- . the phases of the oscillating radial electric fields of the slowly - propagating electro... |
1305.6155 | i | new physics operating during the big bang nucleosynthesis ( bbn ) can be probed by observed light element abundances . possible indications of new physics come from discrepancies between primordial abundances of @xmath4li and @xmath1li predicted in standard bbn ( sbbn ) model and those inferred from observations of met... | especially , the final abundance ofli , mainly originating from the electron capture ofbe , has been suggested to reduce by thebe destruction via the radiative capture ofbe followed by the radiative proton capture of the bound state ofbe and (be ) . quantum physical model calculations for related reactions are needed t... | the existence of an exotic long - lived negatively charged massive particle , i.e. , , during big bang nucleosynthesis can affect primordial light element abundances . especially , the final abundance ofli , mainly originating from the electron capture ofbe , has been suggested to reduce by thebe destruction via the ra... |
1305.6155 | i | we studied effects of a long - lived negatively charged massive particle , i.e. , @xmath0 on bbn . in this bbn model including the @xmath0 , @xmath1be destruction can occur , and the @xmath1be abundance can reduce from the abundance predicted in sbbn model . resultingly the final abundance of @xmath1li can explain the ... | the existence of an exotic long - lived negatively charged massive particle , i.e. , , during big bang nucleosynthesis can affect primordial light element abundances . we suggest a new route ofbe formation , that is thebe charge exchange at the reaction of ion and . the formation rate depends on the number fraction of... | the existence of an exotic long - lived negatively charged massive particle , i.e. , , during big bang nucleosynthesis can affect primordial light element abundances . especially , the final abundance ofli , mainly originating from the electron capture ofbe , has been suggested to reduce by thebe destruction via the ra... |
hep-ph9511403 | i | dynamical chiral symmetry breaking ( dcsb ) plays a very important role in the research of fundamental interactions . up to now , most investigations are focussed on dcsb with mass generation for the fermions . in such a scenario , the bilinear fermion condensate is taken as the order parameter of chiral symmetry break... | it is shown that in leading order of the loop expansion of the effective action , there is a critical coupling for the nonperturbative parity - invariant chirality - changing four - fermion functions ; this critical coupling however is the same as that for dynamical mass generation . therefore there is no breaking of c... | the fermion four - point functions and condensates as the chiral symmetry order parameters are calculated analytically in u(1 ) gauge theory in the massless phase . it is shown that in leading order of the loop expansion of the effective action , there is a critical coupling for the nonperturbative parity - invariant c... |
1310.2512 | r | figure 1 shows a simulation of grain - surface chemistry using the method described above . the simulation uses a gas density of @xmath43 @xmath2 , and dust and gas temperatures of 10 k. the images show accurately the positions of each simulated particle ; however , the size and appearance of each particle in the image... | hydrogen and oxygen atoms accrete onto the grain , to produce ho , h , o and ho . the off - lattice method allows the ice structure to evolve freely ; ice mantle porosity is found to be dependent on the gas density , which controls the accretion rate . collect within the crevices that divide nodules of ice , and within... | the first off - lattice monte carlo kinetics model of interstellar dust - grain surface chemistry is presented . the positions of all surface particles are determined explicitly , according to the local potential minima resulting from the pair - wise interactions of contiguous atoms and molecules , rather than by a pre... |
1310.2512 | c | this model allows porous structures within the ice mantle to form naturally , as the result of chemical and physical conditions . however , the consideration of porosity in simulations of interstellar dust - grain chemistry is not new ; perets & biham ( 2006 ) used a rate - based model to study the effects of porosity ... | a gas density of , appropriate to dark interstellar clouds , is found to produce a fairly smooth and non - porous ice mantle . at all densities , h molecules formed on the grains the larger pores produced in the high - density models are not typically filled with h . | the first off - lattice monte carlo kinetics model of interstellar dust - grain surface chemistry is presented . the positions of all surface particles are determined explicitly , according to the local potential minima resulting from the pair - wise interactions of contiguous atoms and molecules , rather than by a pre... |
1310.2512 | c | the model presented in this paper is the first off - lattice monte carlo kinetic model of interstellar dust - grain chemistry . the model allows the full three - dimensional simulation of chemical kinetics and ice structure on a grain surface defined by the positions of its constituent atoms . the use of an off - latti... | the first off - lattice monte carlo kinetics model of interstellar dust - grain surface chemistry is presented . the positions of all surface particles are determined explicitly , according to the local potential minima resulting from the pair - wise interactions of contiguous atoms and molecules , rather than by a pre... | the first off - lattice monte carlo kinetics model of interstellar dust - grain surface chemistry is presented . the positions of all surface particles are determined explicitly , according to the local potential minima resulting from the pair - wise interactions of contiguous atoms and molecules , rather than by a pre... |
0906.2242 | i | we assume that a large sparse matrix @xmath1 has full column rank and let @xmath2 be its singular value decomposition ( svd ) @xcite , where @xmath3 and @xmath4 are @xmath5 and @xmath6 orthogonal matrices , @xmath7 and @xmath8 is diagonal . @xmath9 , are called the singular values of @xmath0 , @xmath10 s and @xmath11 s... | we prove that for good enough projection subspaces harmonic ritz values converge if the columns of are strongly linearly independent . on the other hand , harmonic ritz values may miss some desired singular values when the columns of almost linearly dependent . furthermore , harmonic ritz vectors may converge irregular... | the harmonic lanczos bidiagonalization method can be used to compute the smallest singular triplets of a large matrix . we prove that for good enough projection subspaces harmonic ritz values converge if the columns of are strongly linearly independent . on the other hand , harmonic ritz values may miss some desired si... |
1103.0162 | i | the hole - doped antiferromagnetic spin-@xmath0 two - leg ladder is used as a model system , theoretically as well as experimentally , for the two - dimensional cuprate superconductors . because the spin ladder is quasi one - dimensional it can more easily be treated by numerical and analytical approaches than the full... | the hole - doped antiferromagnetic spin- two - leg ladder is an important model system for the high- superconductors based on cuprates . using the technique of self - similar continuous unitary transformations we derive effective hamiltonians for the charge motion in these ladders . the key advantage of this technique ... | the hole - doped antiferromagnetic spin- two - leg ladder is an important model system for the high- superconductors based on cuprates . using the technique of self - similar continuous unitary transformations we derive effective hamiltonians for the charge motion in these ladders . the key advantage of this technique ... |
0811.4734 | i | nowadays microresonators ( disk- , ring- , and spherical - shaped ) evoke considerable interest because new possibilities have recently opened up to develop these types of resonators in the optical frequency range and to utilize them as oscillation systems for optical lasers @xcite . when used in lasers , such oscillat... | is applied previously developed with reference to inhomogeneous systems subject to arbitrary external static potential . we prove theoretically that it is the gradient mechanism of wave - surface scattering which is the highly responsible for non - dissipative loss in the resonator . the influence of side - boundary in... | the influence of random surface inhomogeneities on spectral properties of open microresonators is studied both theoretically and experimentally . to solve the equations governing the dynamics of electromagnetic fields the method of eigen - mode separation is applied previously developed with reference to inhomogeneous ... |
0811.4734 | r | the main goal of experimental studies in this work was to validate our theory as regards microresonator spectra and the effect of random surface inhomogeneities on them . the point is that essential assumption adopted in the theory is that it virtually does not consider electromagnetic fields radiated from the resonato... | the influence of random surface inhomogeneities on spectral properties of open microresonators is studied both theoretically and experimentally . to solve the equations governing the dynamics of electromagnetic fields the method of eigen - mode separation we use dielectric disc resonator ( ddr ) fitted with external in... | the influence of random surface inhomogeneities on spectral properties of open microresonators is studied both theoretically and experimentally . to solve the equations governing the dynamics of electromagnetic fields the method of eigen - mode separation is applied previously developed with reference to inhomogeneous ... |
1507.06168 | i | due to the local nature of the problem - , we recall the notion of _ smooth germs _ around a base point . two maps are considered as _ germ - equivalent _ when both maps are locally identical ; more precisely , when there exists a neighborhood of the base point so that both maps are equal on the neighborhood . a _ germ... | the local zero structure of a smooth map may _ qualitatively _ change , when the map is subjected to small perturbations . the changes may include births and/or deaths of zeros . singularity_. the local bifurcation analysis of singularities has been extensively studied in _ singularity theory _ and many powerful algebr... | the local zero structure of a smooth map may _ qualitatively _ change , when the map is subjected to small perturbations . the changes may include births and/or deaths of zeros . the _ qualitative properties _ are defined as the invariances of an appropriate _ equivalence relation_. the occurrence of a _ qualitative ch... |
1607.08084 | i | the development of technologies to trap and cool neutral atoms has led to the emergence of cold atom physics as a new subfield of atomic physics . the atoms can be cooled to temperatures that are orders of magnitude smaller than the tiny differences between the hyperfine energy levels of the atoms . many of the most im... | the loss of ultracold trapped atoms due to deeply inelastic reactions has previously been taken into account in effective field theories for low - energy atoms by adding local anti - hermitian terms to the effective hamiltonian . here we show that it satisfies a lindblad equation , with local lindblad operators determi... | the loss of ultracold trapped atoms due to deeply inelastic reactions has previously been taken into account in effective field theories for low - energy atoms by adding local anti - hermitian terms to the effective hamiltonian . here we show that when multi - atom systems are considered , an additional modification is... |
astro-ph0307180 | i | in the present work we have used the magnitude - limited ssrs2 to identify galaxies with active galactic nuclei , and to investigate how the properties of agn host galaxies relate to general population of galaxies in the parent sample . the main results of this work are summarized below . * we find that 162/5339 ( 3% )... | seyfert galaxies in this sample are twice as common in barred hosts than the non - seyferts . by assigning galaxies to groups using a percolation algorithm we find that the seyfert galaxies in the ssrs2 are more likely to be found in binary systems , when compared to galaxies in the ssrs2 parent sample . however , ther... | the magnitude - limited catalog of the southern sky redshift survey ( ssrs2 ) , is used to characterize the properties of galaxies hosting active galactic nuclei . using emission - line ratios , we identify a total of 162 ( 3% ) seyfert galaxies out of the parent sample with 5399 galaxies . the sample contains 121 seyf... |
1101.3459 | r | the observing results are separately presented in two sections . in section [ chap_geometry ] , we focus on discussions of the warm and dense molecular gas , mainly traced by the nh@xmath0 and the ch@xmath0oh emissions . in section [ chap_dynamics ] , we examine the dynamics of the more extended components , based on t... | free continuum emissions in this region . the comparisons of the molecular line emissions with the free free continuum emissions reveal a 0.5 pc scale massive molecular envelope which is being partially dispersed by the dynamically expanding bipolar ionized cavity . lies a compact (.1 pc ) hot ( k ) toroid , in which... | the massive clump g10.6 - 0.4 is an ob cluster forming region , in which multiple uc hii regions have been identified . in the present study , we report arcsecond resolution observations of the cs ( 10 ) transition , the nh ( 3,3 ) main hyperfine inversion transition , the choh j=5 transitions , and the centimeter free... |
0807.4074 | i | there are several definitions of orthogonal designs ( ods ) in the literature @xcite the well known being as given in @xcite : [ cod ] a complex orthogonal design ( cod ) @xmath11 ( in short @xmath12 ) for @xmath0 transmit antennas is defined as a @xmath13 matrix such that ( i ) the nonzero entries of @xmath12 are t... | the maximal rate for non - square complex orthogonal designs ( cods ) with transmit antennas is if is even and if is odd , which are close to for large values of a class of maximal rate non - square cods have been constructed by liang ( ieee trans . theory , 2003 ) and lu et . al . theory , 2005 ) have shown that the d... | the maximal rate for non - square complex orthogonal designs ( cods ) with transmit antennas is if is even and if is odd , which are close to for large values of a class of maximal rate non - square cods have been constructed by liang ( ieee trans . inform . theory , 2003 ) and lu et . al . ( ieee trans . inform . theo... |
0706.1004 | i | it is an obvious fact that the asymptotic behavior of an oscillatory integral of the form @xmath0 does not change under a smooth change of variables @xmath1 this observation is employed already in the proof of van der corput s lemma ( see , e.g. , @xcite ) , according to which the asymptotic behavior of a one - dime... | arnold , plays an important role in the study of asymptotic expansions of oscillatory integrals . in two dimensions , a. n. varchenko gave sufficient conditions for the adaptness of a given coordinate system and proved the existence of an adapted coordinate system for a class of analytic functions without multiple co... | the notion of an adapted coordinate system , introduced by v .i . arnold , plays an important role in the study of asymptotic expansions of oscillatory integrals . in two dimensions , a. n. varchenko gave sufficient conditions for the adaptness of a given coordinate system and proved the existence of an adapted coo... |
1606.06016 | i | long - range interactions between highly excited rydberg atoms are of interest for quantum information processing with single neutral atoms [ 1,2 ] . resonant dipole - dipole interaction between atoms in an identical _ nl _ rydberg state can be implemented via stark - tuned frster resonances [ 3,4 ] . a rydberg state s... | the observation of the stark - tuned frster resonances between rydberg atoms excited by narrowband cw laser radiation requires usage of a stark - switching technique in order to excite the atoms first in a fixed electric field and then to induce the interactions in a varied electric field , which is scanned across the ... | the observation of the stark - tuned frster resonances between rydberg atoms excited by narrowband cw laser radiation requires usage of a stark - switching technique in order to excite the atoms first in a fixed electric field and then to induce the interactions in a varied electric field , which is scanned across the ... |
1606.06016 | c | in this paper , we have performed a detailed experimental and theoretical analysis of the line shape and time dynamics of the stark - tuned frster resonances @xmath1s_{1/2 } ) $ ] for two rb rydberg atoms interacting in a time - varying electric field . in the theoretical analysis , we used an effective two - level ... | the intentional application of the radio - frequency field induces transitions between collective states , whose line shape depends on the interaction strengths and time . spatial averaging over the atom positions in a single interaction volume yields a cusped line shape of the frster resonance . we present a detailed ... | the observation of the stark - tuned frster resonances between rydberg atoms excited by narrowband cw laser radiation requires usage of a stark - switching technique in order to excite the atoms first in a fixed electric field and then to induce the interactions in a varied electric field , which is scanned across the ... |
1306.3577 | i | studies on partial differential equations , or pdes for brevity , are mostly focused on finding properties of pdes within a specific discipline and on developing a technique specialized to them . however , finding a common structure over different disciplines and unifying theories from different subjects into a general... | the oleinik inequality for conservation laws and aronson - benilan type inequalities for porous medium or p - laplacian equations are one - sided inequalities that provide the fundamental features of the solution such as the uniqueness and sharp regularity . in this paper such one - sided inequalities are unified and g... | the oleinik inequality for conservation laws and aronson - benilan type inequalities for porous medium or p - laplacian equations are one - sided inequalities that provide the fundamental features of the solution such as the uniqueness and sharp regularity . in this paper such one - sided inequalities are unified and g... |
1107.5440 | i | we studied the nature of the multiple-@xmath3 ordered states realized in the @xmath0-@xmath1 pyrochlore - lattice heisenberg model by means of a mean - field analysis and a monte carlo simulation . performing a mean - field analysis beyond the previous analysis by reimers _ et al._@xcite , we could explicitly determ... | the ordering of the classical heisenberg model on the pyrochlore lattice with the antiferromagnetic nearest - neighbor interaction and the ferromagnetic next - nearest - neighbour interaction is investigated by means of a mean - field analysis and a monte carlo simulation . for a moderate-value , the model exhibits a f... | the ordering of the classical heisenberg model on the pyrochlore lattice with the antiferromagnetic nearest - neighbor interaction and the ferromagnetic next - nearest - neighbour interaction is investigated by means of a mean - field analysis and a monte carlo simulation . for a moderate-value , the model exhibits a f... |
math0612224 | i | we consider closed queueing networks containing a server station and @xmath0 client stations . the server station is an infinite server queueing system with identical servers . client stations are single - server queueing systems with an autonomous service mechanism , where customers ( units ) are served only at random... | the paper studies closed queueing networks containing a server station and client stations . the server station is an infinite server queueing system , and client stations are single - server queueing systems with autonomous service , i.e. every client station serves customers ( units ) only at random instants generate... | the paper studies closed queueing networks containing a server station and client stations . the server station is an infinite server queueing system , and client stations are single - server queueing systems with autonomous service , i.e. every client station serves customers ( units ) only at random instants generate... |
1502.03137 | i | it is now well known that luminous red giants are variable and that the periods of the observed variability lie on discrete sequences in period luminosity diagrams . @xcite and @xcite used data from macho observations of stars in the large magellanic cloud ( lmc ) to define five sequences a , b , c , d and e in the ( ... | the period luminosity sequences and the multiple periods of luminous red giant stars are examined using the ogle iii catalogue of long - period variables in the large magellanic cloud . shows that the radial pulsation modes associated with sequences a , a , b , c and c are the 4th , 3rd , 2nd and 1st overtones and the... | the period luminosity sequences and the multiple periods of luminous red giant stars are examined using the ogle iii catalogue of long - period variables in the large magellanic cloud . it is shown that the period ratios in individual multimode stars are systematically different from the ratios of the periods at a giv... |
1502.03137 | i | multiple pulsation modes in stars in the ogle iii catalogue of lpvs in the lmc have been examined . it has been shown that the ratios of the multiple periods in individual stars do not agree with the ratios of the periods of the sequences of lpvs in the pl diagram . this leads to the conclusion that the average masses ... | it is shown that the period ratios in individual multimode stars are systematically different from the ratios of the periods at a given luminosity of different period luminosity sequences . this leads to the conclusion that the masses of stars at the same luminosity on the different period an evolutionary scenario is... | the period luminosity sequences and the multiple periods of luminous red giant stars are examined using the ogle iii catalogue of long - period variables in the large magellanic cloud . it is shown that the period ratios in individual multimode stars are systematically different from the ratios of the periods at a giv... |
nucl-ex0201021 | r | the experiments were performed at the vivitron tandem facility of the ires strasbourg laboratory using 112 mev and 180 mev @xmath1si beams which were incident on @xmath2c targets ( 160 and 180 @xmath18g/@xmath19 thick , respectively ) mounted in the icare scattering chamber @xcite . the effective thicknesses of the @x... | both inclusive and exclusive measurements of the heavy fragments ( a 10 ) and their associated light charged particles ( protons and particles ) have been made at the ires strasbourg vivitron tandem facility at bombarding energies of(si ) = 112 mev and 180 mev by using the icare charged particle multidetector array . p... | the possible occurence of highly deformed configurations in theca di - nuclear system formed in thesi +c reaction is investigated by analyzing the spectra of emitted light charged particles . both inclusive and exclusive measurements of the heavy fragments ( a 10 ) and their associated light charged particles ( protons... |
nucl-ex0201021 | c | the possible occurence of highly deformed configurations in the @xmath0ca dinuclear system has been investigated by using the icare charged - particle multidetector array at the vivitron tandem facility of the ires strasbourg . the properties of the emitted lcp s in the @xmath1si + @xmath2c reaction , have been analyse... | the possible occurence of highly deformed configurations in theca di - nuclear system formed in thesi +c reaction is investigated by analyzing the spectra of emitted light charged particles . the energy spectra , velocity distributions , in - plane and out - of - plane angular correlations of light charged particles ar... | the possible occurence of highly deformed configurations in theca di - nuclear system formed in thesi +c reaction is investigated by analyzing the spectra of emitted light charged particles . both inclusive and exclusive measurements of the heavy fragments ( a 10 ) and their associated light charged particles ( protons... |
1701.00426 | i | the use of processors based on multi- and many - core architectures is a common option in high performance computing ( hpc ) . several variants of these processors exist , differing mainly in the number and architecture of the cores integrated in a single silicon die . conventional cpus integrate tens of fat cores shar... | the present panorama of hpc architectures is extremely heterogeneous , ranging from traditional multi - core cpu processors , supporting a wide class of applications but delivering moderate computing performance , to many - core gpus , exploiting aggressive data - parallelism and delivering higher performances for stre... | the present panorama of hpc architectures is extremely heterogeneous , ranging from traditional multi - core cpu processors , supporting a wide class of applications but delivering moderate computing performance , to many - core gpus , exploiting aggressive data - parallelism and delivering higher performances for stre... |
1402.4130 | i | we have investigated how the recently discovered dsph galaxy perseus i and the ngc 3109 association extended with the recently discovered dwarf galaxy leo p are related to , and might fit in with , the dwarf galaxy structures present in the lg . our work has shown that the ngc 3109 association can not necessarily be in... | the recently discovered dwarf galaxy perseus i appears to be associated with the dominant plane of non - satellite galaxies in the local group ( lg ) . the ngc 3109 association , including the recently discovered dwarf galaxy leo p , aligns with the dwarf galaxy structures in the lg such that all known nearby non - sat... | the recently discovered dwarf galaxy perseus i appears to be associated with the dominant plane of non - satellite galaxies in the local group ( lg ) . we predict its velocity dispersion and those of the other isolated dsphs cetus and tucana to be 6.5 , 8.2 , and , respectively . the ngc 3109 association , including th... |
hep-ph0202054 | i | in the standard model ( sm ) , lepton number is exactly preserved in contradiction with the observed neutrino oscillations @xcite . several extension of the sm include patterns of neutrino masses and mixings which can provide a satisfactory explanation for these flavor oscillations . the consequences of the individual ... | the simplest unified extension of the minimal supersymmetric standard model with bi - linear r parity violation naturally predicts a hierarchical neutrino mass spectrum , suitable to explain atmospheric and solar neutrino fluxes . we study whether the individual violation of the lepton numbers in the charged sector ca... | the simplest unified extension of the minimal supersymmetric standard model with bi - linear r parity violation naturally predicts a hierarchical neutrino mass spectrum , suitable to explain atmospheric and solar neutrino fluxes . we study whether the individual violation of the lepton numbers in the charged sector ca... |
1101.4219 | i | following the epoch of recombination at z @xmath61000 , the next major event in the history of the universe was its reionization by an early generation of massive stars and/or black holes . one of the major goals of modern cosmology is to understand this process : what sources were responsible and when did it occur ? o... | the source responsible for reionizing the universe at remains uncertain . while an energetically adequate population of star - forming galaxies may be in place , it is unknown whether a large enough fraction of their ionizing radiation can escape into the intergalactic medium . attempts to measure this escape - fractio... | the source responsible for reionizing the universe at remains uncertain . while an energetically adequate population of star - forming galaxies may be in place , it is unknown whether a large enough fraction of their ionizing radiation can escape into the intergalactic medium . attempts to measure this escape - fractio... |
1101.4219 | r | before considering constraints on the escape of ionizing radiation , it is important to establish that an ionizing population of massive stars ( o stars ) is in fact present in our targets . the strongest spectroscopic signature of these stars is provided by the broad p - cygni profiles in the resonance transitions of ... | we find evidence of small covering factors for optically - thick neutral gas in three cases . this is based on two independent pieces of evidence : a significant residual intensity in the cores of the strongest interstellar absorption - lines tracing neutral gas and a small ratio of extinction - corrected h to uv plus ... | the source responsible for reionizing the universe at remains uncertain . while an energetically adequate population of star - forming galaxies may be in place , it is unknown whether a large enough fraction of their ionizing radiation can escape into the intergalactic medium . attempts to measure this escape - fractio... |
0909.0552 | i | bridgeland introduced the notion of a stability condition on a triangulated category @xmath5 in @xcite and proved that the set of locally - finite stability conditions forms a complex manifold @xmath6 . this space provides a geometric picture of many aspects of the category and carries a natural action of its automorph... | the space of stability conditions on a triangulated category is naturally partitioned into subsets of stability conditions with a given heart . if has finite length and simple objects then has a simple geometry , depending only on . furthermore , bridgeland has shown that if is obtained from by a simple tilt , i.e. by... | the space of stability conditions on a triangulated category is naturally partitioned into subsets of stability conditions with a given heart . if has finite length and simple objects then has a simple geometry , depending only on . furthermore , bridgeland has shown that if is obtained from by a simple tilt , i.e. by... |
0908.2263 | c | the bright stellar content of the nearby ( d @xmath127 mpc ) s0 galaxy ngc 5102 has been surveyed with the wircam and megacam imagers on the cfht . with the exception of the crowded central regions of the galaxy , the megacam data cover all of ngc 5102 , while the wircam data are spatially complete out to r@xmath128 kp... | the spatial distribution of stars in the nearby s0 galaxy ngc 5102 is investigated using images obtained with wircam and megacam on the canada - france - hawaii telescope . with the exception of gaps between detector elements , the entire galaxy is surveyed in and , while the and data extend out to r kpc , which corres... | the spatial distribution of stars in the nearby s0 galaxy ngc 5102 is investigated using images obtained with wircam and megacam on the canada - france - hawaii telescope . with the exception of gaps between detector elements , the entire galaxy is surveyed in and , while the and data extend out to r kpc , which corres... |
1510.02622 | i | the current knowledge and main ideas of the structure , formation , evolution of the milky way bulge are under debate and in rapid development , mainly due to the recent large amount of new observations of kinematics , photometry , and abundances of bulge stars , as well as sophisticated modelling and interpretation . ... | the structure , formation , and evolution of the milky way bulge is a matter of debate . important diagnostics for discriminating between models of bulge formation and evolution include-abundance trends with metallicity , and spatial abundance and metallicity gradients . due to the severe optical extinction in the inne... | the structure , formation , and evolution of the milky way bulge is a matter of debate . important diagnostics for discriminating between models of bulge formation and evolution include-abundance trends with metallicity , and spatial abundance and metallicity gradients . due to the severe optical extinction in the inne... |
1510.02622 | r | in table [ abund ] we present our abundances : metallicities , [ fe / h ] , and the @xmath0-element abundances of [ mg / fe ] and [ si / fe ] . we have normalised our derived abundances to the solar abundances of @xcite : @xmath95 , @xmath96 , and @xmath97 . we have redetermined the abundances for the galactic center s... | the [/fe ] trends in all our three fields show a large similarity among each other and with trends further out in the bulge . all point to a rapid star - formation episode in the bulge . we find a large range of metallicities from}<+0.3 $ ] , with a lower dispersion in the galactic center :}<+0.3 $ ] . | the structure , formation , and evolution of the milky way bulge is a matter of debate . important diagnostics for discriminating between models of bulge formation and evolution include-abundance trends with metallicity , and spatial abundance and metallicity gradients . due to the severe optical extinction in the inne... |
1510.02622 | c | how large spiral galaxies and their various structures are formed is not know today ( see e.g. * ? ? ? . an important step on the way to the clarifying this issue , is to study the milky way bulge , which is a major component of our galaxy , a galaxy which we can study in detail . important observables in this context ... | we present the first connection between the galactic center and the bulge using similar stars , high spectral resolution , and analysis techniques . we find that there is a lack of an [/fe ] gradient in the bulge all the way into the centre , suggesting a homogeneous bulge when it comes to the enrichment process and st... | the structure , formation , and evolution of the milky way bulge is a matter of debate . important diagnostics for discriminating between models of bulge formation and evolution include-abundance trends with metallicity , and spatial abundance and metallicity gradients . due to the severe optical extinction in the inne... |
cond-mat9601131 | i | the two - dimensional xy - model with random phase - shift , defined in eq . ( [ h ] ) below , captures the physics of a variety of physical systems . among them are xy - magnets with non - magnetic impurities , which are coupled to the xy - spins via the dzyaloshinskii - moriya interaction,@xcite josephson - junction ... | the analysis is based on a renormalization group for the replicated system . the transition from the disordered phase into the ordered phase is not reentrant and is of a new universality class at zero temperature . in contrast to previous approaches the disorder strength is found to be renormalized to larger values . t... | the two - dimensional xy - model with random phase - shifts on bonds is studied . the analysis is based on a renormalization group for the replicated system . the model is shown to have an ordered phase with quasi long - range order . this ordered phase consists of a glass - like region at lower temperatures and of a n... |
cond-mat9601131 | r | in the previous sections the technical part of deriving the flow equations has been achieved . the most important flow equations are eqs . ( [ flow.compact]a-c ) . originally , the two - component parameters @xmath164 , @xmath165 , and @xmath166 have been functions of @xmath26 and @xmath88 . in the asymptotic approxima... | this ordered phase consists of a glass - like region at lower temperatures and of a non - glassy region at higher temperatures . they allow to identify not only the transition into the glassy phase but also an additional crossover line , where the disconnected vortex correlation changes its behavior on large scales non... | the two - dimensional xy - model with random phase - shifts on bonds is studied . the analysis is based on a renormalization group for the replicated system . the model is shown to have an ordered phase with quasi long - range order . this ordered phase consists of a glass - like region at lower temperatures and of a n... |
1503.01654 | r | previous work by feldberg@xcite and henstridge _ _ et . al.__@xcite showed that in the marcus - hush model of electron transfer kinetics , steady state currents can be kinetically rather than diffusionally limited for small values of the reorganisation energy , @xmath8 . in feldberg s study , an approximate equation of... | the developed butler - volmer and symmetric marcus - hush programs are also used to theoretically study the possibility of kinetically limited steady state currents , and to establish an approximate equivalence relationship between microdisc electrodes and spherical electrodes resting on a surface for steady state volt... | the voltammetry for the reduction of oxygen at a microdisc electrode is reported in two room temperature ionic liquids : 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium _ bis_(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide + ( [ bmpyrr][ntf ) and trihexyltetradecylphosphonium _ bis_(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide + ( [ p[ntf ) at 298 k. simulated voltamm... |
1503.01654 | r | this section reports the comparative outcome of the use of bv theory and smh theory to model experimental cyclic voltammetry of the reduction of oxygen in the ionic liquids [ bmpyrr][ntf@xmath0 and [ p@xmath1[ntf@xmath0 : @xmath132 this is followed by the inference of physical implications from the application of smh a... | butler - volmer theory consistently provided experimental parameters with a higher level of certainty than smh theory . a value of solvent reorganisation energy for oxygen reduction in ionic liquids was inferred for the first time as 0.4 - 0.5 ev , which is attributable to inner - sphere reorganisation with a negligibl... | the voltammetry for the reduction of oxygen at a microdisc electrode is reported in two room temperature ionic liquids : 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium _ bis_(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide + ( [ bmpyrr][ntf ) and trihexyltetradecylphosphonium _ bis_(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide + ( [ p[ntf ) at 298 k. simulated voltamm... |
1503.01654 | c | models were developed to simulate cyclic voltammetry at a microdisc electrode and a sphere on a surface electrode using both butler - volmer and symmetric marcus - hush kinetics . the microdisc model was used to investigate the possibility of kinetically limited steady state currents at a microdisc electrode , and it w... | the voltammetry for the reduction of oxygen at a microdisc electrode is reported in two room temperature ionic liquids : 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium _ bis_(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide + ( [ bmpyrr][ntf ) and trihexyltetradecylphosphonium _ bis_(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide + ( [ p[ntf ) at 298 k. simulated voltamm... | the voltammetry for the reduction of oxygen at a microdisc electrode is reported in two room temperature ionic liquids : 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium _ bis_(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide + ( [ bmpyrr][ntf ) and trihexyltetradecylphosphonium _ bis_(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide + ( [ p[ntf ) at 298 k. simulated voltamm... |
0712.1527 | i | the isotropic distribution of gamma ray bursts ( grbs ) in the sky and their number distribution as function of intensity , measured with the batse instrument aboard the compton gamma ray observatory , provided the first observational evidence that gamma ray bursts ( grbs ) originate at large cosmological distances ( m... | the x - ray afterglows ( ags ) of gamma - ray bursts ( grbs ) and x - ray flashes ( xrfs ) have , after the fast decline phase of their prompt emission , a temporal behaviour varying between two extremes . breaks and ` missing breaks ' are intimately related to the geometry and deceleration of the jets responsible for ... | the x - ray afterglows ( ags ) of gamma - ray bursts ( grbs ) and x - ray flashes ( xrfs ) have , after the fast decline phase of their prompt emission , a temporal behaviour varying between two extremes . a large fraction of these ags has a ` canonical ' light curve which , after an initial shallow - decay ` plateau '... |
astro-ph9803260 | i | neutron stars have been the subject of considerable theoretical investigation since long before they were discovered as astronomical sources of radio and x - ray emission ( @xcite ) . their properties are determined by the interplay of all four known fundamental forces electromagnetism , gravitation , and the strong a... | there are now about fifty known radio pulsars in binary systems , including at least five in double neutron star binaries . in some cases , the stellar masses can be directly determined from measurements of relativistic orbital effects . in others , only an indirect or statistical estimate of the masses is possible . 1... | there are now about fifty known radio pulsars in binary systems , including at least five in double neutron star binaries . in some cases , the stellar masses can be directly determined from measurements of relativistic orbital effects . in others , only an indirect or statistical estimate of the masses is possible . w... |
astro-ph9803260 | i | there are now 26 neutron stars in binary radio pulsar systems for which useful mass constraints can be derived . of these , about half are neutron star - white dwarf binaries in which the mass determination depends on the validity of the @xmath6@xmath14 relation and the isotropy of the binary orbits with respect to the... | we find that significant constraints exist on the masses of twenty - one radio pulsars , and on five neutron star companions of radio pulsars . there is no evidence that extensive mass accretion ( ) has occurred in these systems . we also show that the observed inclinations of millisecond pulsar binaries are consistent... | there are now about fifty known radio pulsars in binary systems , including at least five in double neutron star binaries . in some cases , the stellar masses can be directly determined from measurements of relativistic orbital effects . in others , only an indirect or statistical estimate of the masses is possible . w... |
astro-ph9807009 | i | experiments to map the cosmic background radiation ( cbr ) have stimulated renewed interest in diffuse galactic emission . sensitive observations of variations in the microwave sky brightness have revealed 14 - 90 ghz microwave emission which is correlated with @xmath5 thermal emission from interstellar dust ( kogut et... | the observed emission from dust near implies that not more than of interstellar fe is in the form of metallic iron grains or inclusions ( e.g. , in `` gems '' ) . the two emission mechanisms can be distinguished by measuring the emission from dark clouds . if ferromagnetic grains consist of a single magnetic domain ... | thermal fluctuations in the magnetization of interstellar grains will produce magnetic dipole emission at . we show how to calculate absorption and emission from small particles composed of material with magnetic as well as dielectric properties . the kramers - kronig relations for a dusty medium are generalized to inc... |
astro-ph9807009 | i | the principal results of this paper are as follows : 1 . formulae are presented for electric and magnetic dipole absorption cross sections for homogeneous spheres or ellipsoids of material with dielectric function @xmath223 and magnetic permeability @xmath147 . the kramers - kronig relation relating the total grain ... | the kramers - kronig relations for a dusty medium are generalized to include the possibility of magnetic grains . the magnetic permeability as a function of frequency is discussed for several candidate grain materials . iron grains , or grains containing iron inclusions , are likely to have the magnetic analogue of ... | thermal fluctuations in the magnetization of interstellar grains will produce magnetic dipole emission at . we show how to calculate absorption and emission from small particles composed of material with magnetic as well as dielectric properties . the kramers - kronig relations for a dusty medium are generalized to inc... |
1105.2949 | i | in a series of papers the idea that time - reparametrization invariance ( tri ) should be the reason for large non - equilibrium fluctuations in glassy systems was introduced . this claim was substantiated with the analysis of the martin - siggia - rose - janssen - dedominicis ( msrjd ) action for langevin stochastic p... | this article is a contribution to the understanding of fluctuations in the out of equilibrium dynamics of glassy systems . by extending theoretical ideas based on the assumption that time - reparametrization invariance develops asymptotically we examine these predictions with numerical tests in a standard glassy model ... | this article is a contribution to the understanding of fluctuations in the out of equilibrium dynamics of glassy systems . by extending theoretical ideas based on the assumption that time - reparametrization invariance develops asymptotically we deduce the scaling properties of diverse high - order correlation function... |
1403.7838 | i | hopf algebras were introduced in the 1950 s from three different perspectives : algebraic groups in positive characteristic , cohomology rings of lie groups , and group objects in the category of von neumann algebras . the study of non - commutative non - cocommutative hopf algebras started in the 1960 s . the fundamen... | pointed hopf algebras constitute the class best understood ; the classification of those with abelian group is expected to be completed soon and there is substantial progress in the non - abelian case . _ dedicado a biblioco 34 _ 16t05 , 16t20 , 17b37 , 16t25 , 20g42 . hopf algebras , quantum groups , nichols ... | this is a survey on the state - of - the - art of the classification of finite - dimensional complex hopf algebras . this general question is addressed through the consideration of different classes of such hopf algebras . pointed hopf algebras constitute the class best understood ; the classification of those with abe... |
1310.1524 | i | background independence is often ( but not always ) considered in attempts to combine general relativity ( gr ) and quantum theory . standard quantum theory is _ not _ background - independent because it clings to either newton s absolute structures ( absolute time in particular ) or to the distinct absolute structures... | this paper concerns what background independence itself is ( as opposed to some particular physical theory that is background independent ) . the notions presented mostly arose from a layer - by - layer analysis of the facets of the problem of time in quantum gravity . part of this coincides with two relational postula... | this paper concerns what background independence itself is ( as opposed to some particular physical theory that is background independent ) . the notions presented mostly arose from a layer - by - layer analysis of the facets of the problem of time in quantum gravity . part of this coincides with two relational postula... |
1507.07766 | i | fifth - generation ( 5 g ) mobile communication systems are expected to achieve a @xmath0-fold increase in capacity , a @xmath1-fold increase in spectral and energy efficiencies , and a @xmath2-fold increase in average cell throughput @xcite . such significant enhancements can be achieved with large - scale multiple - ... | this paper considers a multiple - input multiple - output ( mimo ) receiver with very low - precision analog - to - digital convertors ( adcs ) with the goal of developing massive mimo antenna systems that require minimal cost and power . previous studies demonstrated that the training duration should be _ relatively l... | this paper considers a multiple - input multiple - output ( mimo ) receiver with very low - precision analog - to - digital convertors ( adcs ) with the goal of developing massive mimo antenna systems that require minimal cost and power . previous studies demonstrated that the training duration should be _ relatively l... |
astro-ph0407421 | i | phantom energy remains for the moment a theoretical possibility [ 1 ] with potential application to describe super - accelerated evolution in both the primordial and late universe . but it is not just that . concerning late evolution of the universe , the possibility that the equation of state governing current cosmic ... | we interpret that result in terms of the intrinsic quantum nature of the phantom field and apply it to ( i ) attain a consistent explanation for some recent results concerning the evolution of black holes which , induced by accreting phantom energy , gradually loss their mass to finally vanish exactly at the big rip , ... | this paper deals with the thermodynamic properties of a phantom field in a flat friedmann - robertson - walker universe . general expressions for the temperature and entropy of a general dark - energy field with equation of state are derived from which we have deduced that , whereas the temperature of a cosmic phantom ... |
1302.6984 | i | numerical differentiation is an old but basic topic in numerical mathematics . compared to the large amount of literature on numerical integration , numerical differentiation is a much less studied topic . given a differentiable function , the available numerical methods for computing its derivatives are indeed very li... | this paper develops a discontinuous galerkin ( dg ) finite element differential calculus theory for approximating weak derivatives of sobolev functions and piecewise sobolev functions . by introducing numerical one - sided derivatives as building blocks , various first and second order numerical operators such as the g... | this paper develops a discontinuous galerkin ( dg ) finite element differential calculus theory for approximating weak derivatives of sobolev functions and piecewise sobolev functions . by introducing numerical one - sided derivatives as building blocks , various first and second order numerical operators such as the g... |
1308.2836 | i | many statistical data sets involve covariates @xmath0 that are error - contaminated versions of their true unobserved counterpart @xmath1 . however , the measurement error often does not fit the classical error structure @xmath2 with @xmath3 independent from @xmath1 . a common occurrence is , in fact , the opposite sit... | this paper establishes that so - called instrumental variables enable the identification and the estimation of a fully nonparametric regression model with berkson - type measurement error in the regressors . its practical performance and feasibility are investigated via monte carlo simulations as well as through an epi... | this paper establishes that so - called instrumental variables enable the identification and the estimation of a fully nonparametric regression model with berkson - type measurement error in the regressors . an estimator is proposed and proven to be consistent . its practical performance and feasibility are investigate... |
1611.02336 | i | to improve the spectral efficiency , current designs of wireless networks adopt universal frequency reuse where all the cells can share the same radio spectrum resources . however , universal frequency reuse comes at the cost of severe intercell interference ( ici ) , especially at cell - edge mobile stations ( ms ) . ... | this work then presents a solution framework to optimize the bs associations and coordinated beamformers for all mss . with target signal - to - interference - plus - noise ratios at the mss , , we first relax the original problems into new optimization problems by expanding their constraint sets . based on the nonconv... | this paper examines a comp system where multiple base - stations ( bs ) employ coordinated beamforming to serve multiple mobile - stations ( ms ) . under the dynamic point selection mode , each ms can be assigned to only one bs at any time . this work then presents a solution framework to optimize the bs associations a... |
1611.02336 | c | this paper has presented a solution framework to obtain an optimal joint bs association and beamforming design for downlink transmission . the design objective was to minimize either the weighted transmit power across the bss or the per - bs transmit power margin with a set of target sinrs at the mss . by properly rela... | this paper examines a comp system where multiple base - stations ( bs ) employ coordinated beamforming to serve multiple mobile - stations ( ms ) . under the dynamic point selection mode , the design objective is to minimize either the weighted sum transmit power or the per - bs transmit power margin . since the origin... | this paper examines a comp system where multiple base - stations ( bs ) employ coordinated beamforming to serve multiple mobile - stations ( ms ) . under the dynamic point selection mode , each ms can be assigned to only one bs at any time . this work then presents a solution framework to optimize the bs associations a... |
1111.1051 | i | interference is a major performance - limiting factor in modern wireless communication systems . many interference mitigation strategies have been proposed to improve network spectral efficiency . by allowing partial or full cooperation among interfering base stations , interference can effectively be managed and spect... | this paper investigates how multiuser dimensions can effectively be exploited for target degrees of freedom ( dof ) in interfering broadcast channels ( ibc ) consisting of-transmitters and their user groups . zero dof per transmitter is achievable as the number of users increases . through geometric interpretation of i... | this paper investigates how multiuser dimensions can effectively be exploited for target degrees of freedom ( dof ) in interfering broadcast channels ( ibc ) consisting of-transmitters and their user groups . first , each transmitter is assumed to have a single antenna and serve a singe user in its user group where eac... |
1505.07188 | i | the wireless information transfer ( wit ) and wireless power transfer ( wpt ) technologies share the common origin of the electromagnetic waves , which is a direct consequence of the fact that radio frequency ( rf ) signals carry energy as well as information at the same time . nevertheless , prior research activities ... | this paper investigates simultaneous wireless information and power transfer ( swipt ) in energy harvesting ( eh ) relay systems . unlike existing swipt schemes requiring the channel state information ( csi ) for _ coherent _ information delivery swipt framework for decode - and - forward ( df ) relay systems bypassing... | this paper investigates simultaneous wireless information and power transfer ( swipt ) in energy harvesting ( eh ) relay systems . unlike existing swipt schemes requiring the channel state information ( csi ) for _ coherent _ information delivery , we propose a _ noncoherent _ swipt framework for decode - and - forward... |
1505.07188 | c | we have proposed a noncoherent swipt framework embracing both ps - ncdf and ts - ncdf in a unified form , supporting @xmath0-fsk and @xmath0-dpsk . following this framework , we developed exact noncoherent mlds for ps - ncdf and ts - ncdf in a unified form , which involves integral evaluations . nevertheless , the exac... | , we propose a _ noncoherent _ ( ts - ncdf ) in a unified form , and supports arbitrary-ary noncoherent frequency - shift keying ( fsk ) and differential phase - shift keying ( dpsk ) . numerical results demonstrate a performance tradeoff between the first and second hops through the adjustment of time switching or pow... | this paper investigates simultaneous wireless information and power transfer ( swipt ) in energy harvesting ( eh ) relay systems . unlike existing swipt schemes requiring the channel state information ( csi ) for _ coherent _ information delivery , we propose a _ noncoherent _ swipt framework for decode - and - forward... |
0804.3261 | i | in mobile wireless networks , communications typically take place over time - varying channels . when this time - variation or fading is `` fast '' such that the channel state information ( csi ) is hardly obtainable at the transmitter , a classical approach for mitigating impairments of fading to transmission reliabil... | the multiple - input single - output ( miso ) fading broadcast channel ( bc ) is of interest where the base station ( bs ) employs multiple transmit antennas to realize simultaneous downlink transmission at the same frequency to multiple mobile users each having a single receive antenna . an information - theoretic app... | this paper is concerned with dynamic resource allocation in a cellular wireless network with slow fading for support of data traffic having heterogeneous transmission delay requirements . the multiple - input single - output ( miso ) fading broadcast channel ( bc ) is of interest where the base station ( bs ) employs m... |
1005.4570 | c | in this paper we define two candidate models that might explain how an infectious disease having varying disease response could spread in a community of households . large population properties of the two models are presented . these results are used to show by means of numerical illustrations , that it is generally po... | two different models are analysed . in the first model , the infection status of an individual is predetermined , perhaps due to partial immunity , and in the second , the infection status of an individual depends on the infection status of its infector and on whether the individual was infected by a within- or between... | this paper is concerned with sir ( susceptible infected removed ) household epidemic models in which the infection response may be either mild or severe , with the type of response also affecting the infectiousness of an individual . two different models are analysed . in the first model , the infection status of an in... |
0907.1370 | i | the hercules supercluster is probably among the most massive structures in the local universe ( chincarini et al . 1981 ; barmby & huchra 1998 ) . this supercluster is composed of three smaller clusters : a2151 , a2147 and a2152 , that are probably bound ( barmby & huchra 1998 ) . optical and x - ray studies suggest th... | this paper presents the first results of an h imaging survey of galaxies in the central regions of the a2151 cluster . the morphologies of the 43 h selected galaxies range from grand design spirals and interacting galaxies to blue compacts and tidal dwarfs or isolated extragalactic hii regions , spanning a range of mag... | this paper presents the first results of an h imaging survey of galaxies in the central regions of the a2151 cluster . a total of 50 sources were detected in h , from which 41 were classified as secure members of the cluster and 2 as likely members based on spectroscopic and photometric redshift considerations . the re... |
0907.1370 | c | in the previous section we have seen how the environment affects the h@xmath0 emission of cluster galaxies with respect to those in less dense environments . the existence of cluster galaxies with low h@xmath0 emission has already been reported in the literature ( e.g. kennicutt 1983 ; koopmann & kenney 2004 ) , and ha... | a comparison with the clusters coma and a1367 and a sample of field galaxies has shown the presence of cluster galaxies with(h ) lower than expected for their , a consecuence of the cluster environment . in addition , the cluster h emitting galaxies tend to avoid the central regions of the clusters , again with differe... | this paper presents the first results of an h imaging survey of galaxies in the central regions of the a2151 cluster . a total of 50 sources were detected in h , from which 41 were classified as secure members of the cluster and 2 as likely members based on spectroscopic and photometric redshift considerations . the re... |
1501.03616 | i | the rnyi divergence , introduced in @xcite , has been studied so far in various information - theoretic contexts ( and it has been actually used before it had a name @xcite ) . these include generalized cutoff rates and error exponents for hypothesis testing ( @xcite ) , guessing moments ( @xcite ) , source and channel... | this paper starts by considering the minimization of the rnyi divergence subject to a constraint on the total variation distance . based on the solution of this optimization problem , the exact locus of the points is determined when are arbitrary probability measures which are mutually absolutely continuous , and the t... | this paper starts by considering the minimization of the rnyi divergence subject to a constraint on the total variation distance . based on the solution of this optimization problem , the exact locus of the points is determined when are arbitrary probability measures which are mutually absolutely continuous , and the t... |
0809.3330 | i | we study the algorithmic properties of infinite graphs that result from a natural unfolding operation applied to finite graphs . the unfolding process always produces infinite graphs of finite degree . moreover , the class of resulting graphs is a subclass of the class of automatic graphs . as such , any element of thi... | this paper studies infinite graphs produced from a natural unfolding operation applied to finite graphs . graphs produced via such operations are of finite degree and automatic over the unary alphabet ( that is , they can be described by finite automata over unary alphabet ) . we investigate algorithmic properties of s... | this paper studies infinite graphs produced from a natural unfolding operation applied to finite graphs . graphs produced via such operations are of finite degree and automatic over the unary alphabet ( that is , they can be described by finite automata over unary alphabet ) . we investigate algorithmic properties of s... |
1210.5879 | i | let @xmath4 be some field of characteristic @xmath0 . a symmetric determinantal representation ( sdr ) of a polynomial @xmath5 $ ] is a symmetric matrix @xmath2 with entries in @xmath6 such that @xmath7 . one can also find in the literature other definitions where for instance the symmetric matrix has linear ( degree-@... | we first give some sufficient conditions for a polynomial to have an sdr . we prove that the existence of an sdr for a multilinear polynomial is equivalent to the existence of a factorization of the polynomial in certain quotient rings . we develop some algorithms to test the factorizability in these rings and use them... | this paper studies symmetric determinantal representations ( sdr ) in characteristic , that is the representation of a multivariate polynomial by a symmetric matrix such that , and where each entry of is either a constant or a variable . we first give some sufficient conditions for a polynomial to have an sdr . we t... |
1207.7154 | i | multiplicative integer systems have been intensively studied in recent years ; see @xcite and the references therein . one of the main related issues is to compute minkowski ( box ) dimension and hausdorff dimension of such systems and to compare them . these two dimensions are equal in an additive shift . however , fo... | a multi - dimensional decoupled system is investigated in three main steps . ( i ) identify the admissible lattices of the system ; ( ii ) compute the density of copies of admissible lattices of the same length , and ( iii ) compute the number of admissible patterns on the admissible lattices . the first author woul... | this study investigates a multiplicative integer system by using a method that was developed for studying pattern generation problems . the entropy and the minkowski dimensions of general multiplicative systems can thus be computed . a multi - dimensional decoupled system is investigated in three main steps . ( i ) ide... |
physics0702220 | i | the born - oppenheimer approximation@xmath0 is fundamental to studies of a wide variety of molecular systems . however , violations of the born - oppenheimer approximation@xmath1 are ubiquitous in many molecular and condensed phase phenomena , and are responsible for several relaxation processes . despite their importa... | this work identifies geometric effects on dynamics due to nonadiabatic couplings in born oppenheimer systems and provides a systematic method for deriving corrections to mixed quantum - classical methods . stationary phase approximations to the propagator for full quantum dynamics are derived . a rigorous description o... | this work identifies geometric effects on dynamics due to nonadiabatic couplings in born oppenheimer systems and provides a systematic method for deriving corrections to mixed quantum - classical methods . specifically , an exact path integral formulation of the quantum nonadiabatic dynamics of born oppenheimer systems... |
0906.4539 | i | two ubiquitous aspects of large - scale data analysis are that the data often have heavy - tailed properties and that diffusion - based or spectral - based methods are often used to identify and extract structure of interest . in the absence of strong assumptions on the data , popular distribution - independent methods... | two ubiquitous aspects of large - scale data analysis are that the data often have heavy - tailed properties and that diffusion - based or spectral - based methods are often used to identify and extract structure of interest . perhaps surprisingly , popular distribution - independent methods such as those based on the ... | two ubiquitous aspects of large - scale data analysis are that the data often have heavy - tailed properties and that diffusion - based or spectral - based methods are often used to identify and extract structure of interest . perhaps surprisingly , popular distribution - independent methods such as those based on the ... |
1501.00803 | i | cavity quantum electrodynamics ( cavity qed ) enables the study of the interaction between light and matter at the most elementary level , thanks to the achievement of a strong coupling between a single atom and a single photon trapped in a microwave or optical cavity@xcite . this paradigm has been recently brought int... | we study in details the elementary example of a single quantum dot with a single normal metal reservoir , coupled to a cavity . photon - induced tunneling terms lead to a non - universal relation between the cavity frequency pull and the damping pull . our formalism can also be applied to multi quantum dot circuits , m... | understanding the interaction between cavity photons and electronic nanocircuits is crucial for the development of mesoscopic quantum electrodynamics ( qed ) . one has to combine ingredients from atomic cavity qed , like orbital degrees of freedom , with tunneling physics and strong cavity field inhomogeneities , speci... |
1501.00803 | c | mesoscopic qed has common ingredients with atomic cavity qed , like the relevance of an orbital degree of freedom , which does not exist for superconducting qubits . it has also common ingredients with standard circuit qed , like the tunneling physics and the strong inhomogeneities of the photonic modes . it is therefo... | one has to combine ingredients from atomic cavity qed , like orbital degrees of freedom , with tunneling physics and strong cavity field inhomogeneities , specific to superconducting circuit qed . it is therefore necessary to introduce a formalism which bridges between these two domains . , photons can induce simultane... | understanding the interaction between cavity photons and electronic nanocircuits is crucial for the development of mesoscopic quantum electrodynamics ( qed ) . one has to combine ingredients from atomic cavity qed , like orbital degrees of freedom , with tunneling physics and strong cavity field inhomogeneities , speci... |
cond-mat0510744 | i | the theory of low - dimensional metals has exerted a strong influence on our understanding of ordered phases in quasi - one - dimensional ( quasi-1d ) organic conductors . the description of the extensively studied bechgaard salts series ( ( tmtsf)@xmath5x ) and their sulfur analogs , the fabre ( ( tmttf)@xmath5x ) sal... | -wave superconductivity , which dominates over the spin - density - wave ( sdw ) phase at large nesting deviations , becomes unstable to the benefit of a triplet-wave phase for a weak repulsive interchain backscattering term , despite the persistence of dominant sdw correlations in the normal state . antiferromagnetism... | using a renormalization group approach , we determine the phase diagram of an extended quasi - one - dimensional electron gas model that includes interchain hopping , nesting deviations and both intrachain and interchain repulsive interactions . -wave superconductivity , which dominates over the spin - density - wave (... |
0806.1740 | i | gravitational instabilities can activate in a disk when the toomre ( 1964 ) parameter @xmath2 for a thick disk ( see durisen et al . 2007 ) , where @xmath3 is the sound speed , @xmath4 is the surface density , and @xmath5 is the epicyclic frequency . as indicated by @xmath6 , a disk is unstable against gis when it is c... | using analytic arguments and numerical simulations , we examine whether chondrule formation and the fu orionis phenomenon can be caused by the burst - like onset of gravitational instabilities ( gis ) in dead zones . mass fluxes are also high enough during the onset of gis to suggest that the outburst is related to an ... | using analytic arguments and numerical simulations , we examine whether chondrule formation and the fu orionis phenomenon can be caused by the burst - like onset of gravitational instabilities ( gis ) in dead zones . at least two scenarios for bursting dead zones can work , in principle . if the disk is on the verge of... |
astro-ph9601095 | i | the internal dynamics of star - forming galactic molecular clouds is not yet understood . two central questions are ( 1 ) what prevents the clouds and their subcomponents from collapsing under their own weight ; and ( 2 ) what generates and controls the turbulent fluid velocities that broaden molecular lines far beyond... | we adopt `` slab - symmetry , '' which permits motions and fields perpendicular to the mean field , but permits gradients only parallel to the mean field . this is the simplest possible geometry that relies on waves to inhibit gravitational collapse along the mean field . in our simulations | using self - consistent magnetohydrodynamic ( mhd ) simulations , we explore the hypothesis that nonlinear mhd waves dominate the internal dynamics of galactic molecular clouds . our models employ an isothermal equation of state and allow for self - gravity . we adopt `` slab - symmetry , '' which permits motions and f... |
astro-ph9601095 | c | in this section we translate our results into an astronomical context by applying them to a `` typical '' molecular cloud . this is a speculative venture , since our simulations employ slab symmetry and make a number of other drastic approximations . the exercise seems worthwhile , however , since the simulations are s... | using self - consistent magnetohydrodynamic ( mhd ) simulations , we explore the hypothesis that nonlinear mhd waves dominate the internal dynamics of galactic molecular clouds . we also perform simulations with and without self - gravity that include small - scale stochastic forcing , meant to model the mechanical ene... | using self - consistent magnetohydrodynamic ( mhd ) simulations , we explore the hypothesis that nonlinear mhd waves dominate the internal dynamics of galactic molecular clouds . our models employ an isothermal equation of state and allow for self - gravity . we adopt `` slab - symmetry , '' which permits motions and f... |
hep-ph9602232 | c | we have studied the relaxational dynamics of an inhomogeneous condensate fluctuation in the o(4 ) linear sigma model near the broken symmetry state , both at zero and non - zero temperature . explicit expressions are obtained for the self - energies at zero and finite temperature and we point out that at finite tempera... | we give explicit expressions for the asymptotic space - time evolution of an initial inhomogeneous configuration including the contribution of thresholds at zero and non - zero temperature . at non - zero temperature we find new relaxational processes due to thermal cuts that have no counterpart in the homogeneous case... | using the o(4 ) linear model , we address the topic of non - equilibrium relaxation of an inhomogeneous initial configuration due to quantum and thermal fluctuations . the space - time evolution of an inhomogeneous fluctuation of the condensate in the isoscalar channel decaying via the emission of pions in the medium i... |
nucl-th0206056 | i | the introduction of the spin - orbit term into the nuclear single - particle hamiltonian by haxel , jensen , suess and goeppert - mayer @xcite in 1949 has been most decisive for the success of the nuclear shell model . only with a very strong and attractive spin - orbit potential one is , for example , able to explain ... | this novel spin - orbit strength is neither of relativistic nor of short range origin . the potential underlying the empirical spin - orbit strength becomes a rather weak one ,mev , after the identification as suggested by the present calculation . we observe however a strong-dependence of leading even to a sign change... | using the two - loop approximation of chiral perturbation theory , we calculate the momentum and density dependent nuclear spin - orbit strength . this quantity is derived from the spin - dependent part of the interaction energy of a nucleon scattering off weakly inhomogeneous isospin symmetric nuclear matter . we find... |
astro-ph0509209 | i | with the most recent measurements of the cosmic microwave background ( cmb ) anisotropies and large scale structures ( lss ) of the universe as well as various other astronomical observations , it is now possible to have a clear and consistent picture of the history and content of the universe since nucleosynthesis . i... | however , such models predict an excess of matter fluctuations on small scales , typically below . we show that the proper inclusion of high - resolution high signal - to - noise lyman- forest data excludes most of these models . we also study the bounds on curvaton models characterized by maximal correlation between c... | various recent studies proved that cosmological models with a significant contribution from cold dark matter isocurvature perturbations are still compatible with most recent data on cosmic microwave background anisotropies and on the shape of the galaxy power spectrum , provided that one allows for a very blue spectrum... |
1609.01420 | i | during major solar eruptions ( or coronal mass ejections cmes ) , huge bubbles of highly ionized plasma ( often associated with shock waves and solar energetic particles seps ) expand into the interplanetary space , affecting a significant fraction of the whole heliosphere , and eventually propagating even out of the... | visible - light observations of coronal mass ejections ( cmes ) performed with coronagraphs and heliospheric imagers ( in primis on board the soho and stereo missions ) have offered so far the best way to study the kinematics and geometrical structure of these fundamental events . nevertheless , it has been widely demo... | visible - light observations of coronal mass ejections ( cmes ) performed with coronagraphs and heliospheric imagers ( in primis on board the soho and stereo missions ) have offered so far the best way to study the kinematics and geometrical structure of these fundamental events . nevertheless , it has been widely demo... |
1609.01420 | c | in this work we demonstrate how future observations of cmes that will be provided by metis coronagraph on - board solar orbiter will be analyzed to infer physical parameters of the plasma involved in the eruption and to derive , in particular , the electron temperature of the ejected gas . to this end , we first select... | we find that cme cores are usually associated with cooler plasma ( k ) , and that a significant increase of the electron temperatures is observed from the core to the front of the cme ( where k ) , which seems to be correlated , in all cases , with the morphological structure of the cme as derived from visible - ligh... | visible - light observations of coronal mass ejections ( cmes ) performed with coronagraphs and heliospheric imagers ( in primis on board the soho and stereo missions ) have offered so far the best way to study the kinematics and geometrical structure of these fundamental events . nevertheless , it has been widely demo... |
1611.01222 | i | voids form a prominent aspect of the megaparsec distribution of galaxies and matter @xcite . they are enormous regions with sizes in the range of @xmath0 mpc that are practically devoid of any galaxy , usually roundish in shape and occupying the major share of space in the universe ( see fig.[fig : sdssvoids ] and @xci... | voids form a prominent aspect of the megaparsec distribution of galaxies and matter . not only do they represent a key constituent of the cosmic web , they also are one of the cleanest probes and measures of global cosmological parameters . the shape and evolution of voids are highly sensitive to the nature of dark ene... | voids form a prominent aspect of the megaparsec distribution of galaxies and matter . not only do they represent a key constituent of the cosmic web , they also are one of the cleanest probes and measures of global cosmological parameters . the shape and evolution of voids are highly sensitive to the nature of dark ene... |
1508.00192 | i | clustering is an important class of data analysis that has been extensively applied in a variety of fields , such as identifying different groups of customers in marketing and grouping homologous gene sequences in biology research @xcite . clustering results allow data analysts to gain valuable insights into data dist... | wavecluster is an important family of grid - based clustering algorithms that are capable of finding clusters of arbitrary shapes . in this paper , we investigate techniques to perform wavecluster while ensuring differential privacy . our goal is to develop a general technique for achieving differential privacy on wave... | wavecluster is an important family of grid - based clustering algorithms that are capable of finding clusters of arbitrary shapes . in this paper , we investigate techniques to perform wavecluster while ensuring differential privacy . our goal is to develop a general technique for achieving differential privacy on wave... |
0904.2480 | r | we start by presenting the relaxation times @xmath10 for the different correlation functions . as stated earlier , we define @xmath10 as the integral of the normalized correlation function . with simulation data there is a contribution at short times due to vibrations . the relative height of this varies among the diff... | in contrast to the stretched exponential , the key shape parameter the exponent of the power - law tail seems to be the same for all three correlation functions . it decreases from a value around 2 at high temperature to a value close to 1.58 ( 2d ) , 1.50 ( 3d ) at low temperatures . at the same time | we analyze data from simulations of two- and three - dimensional ( 2d and 3d ) glass - forming liquids using a correlation function defined in terms of a memory function with a negative inverse power - law tail . the self - intermediate function and the autocorrelation functions of pressure and shear stress are analyze... |
0904.2480 | c | we have presented a method for fitting the kind of slowly decaying autocorrelation functions typical of the dynamics of glass - forming liquids . an explicit functional form is postulated , not for the autocorrelation function , but for its associated memory function : a positive zero - time parameter @xmath65 , and a ... | the autocorrelation functions of pressure and shear stress are analyzed ; the obtained fits are very good , at least as good as with a stretched exponential . the amplitude of the tail increases towards towards a limiting value corresponding to a diverging relaxation time , which is related to anomalous diffusion . on ... | we analyze data from simulations of two- and three - dimensional ( 2d and 3d ) glass - forming liquids using a correlation function defined in terms of a memory function with a negative inverse power - law tail . the self - intermediate function and the autocorrelation functions of pressure and shear stress are analyze... |
astro-ph0403121 | i | quasar absorption line systems , as traced by their , provide a unique way to study our universe . current classifications schemes for systems with detected file them into three main categories : those that are characterized by their strong absorption , those that reveal weak , narrow , single cloud profiles , and tho... | this system gives rise to a partial lyman limit break and absorption in , , , , , , and . the absorption is strong with a distinctive , smooth profile shape and may partially arise in shock heated gas . various models , including outer disks , dwarf galaxies , and superwinds , are discussed to account for the phase str... | we analyze high resolution spectra of a multi cloud weak [ defined as ] absorbing system along the line of sight to pg . this system gives rise to a partial lyman limit break and absorption in , , , , , , and . the lower ionization transitions arise in two kinematic subsystems with a separation of . each subsystem... |
astro-ph0403121 | i | in the previous section , we gave a detailed description of how we constrained physical conditions for the multi - cloud , weak absorber at @xmath10 along the line of sight to pg @xmath1 . here , we summarize those results , present an overview of a consistent model for the absorber , and compare to the results of @xc... | we analyze high resolution spectra of a multi cloud weak [ defined as ] absorbing system along the line of sight to pg . the two absorption profiles are kinematically offset by with respect to each of the two lower ionization subsystem . in the stronger subsystem , the broader phases have a somewhat higher metall... | we analyze high resolution spectra of a multi cloud weak [ defined as ] absorbing system along the line of sight to pg . this system gives rise to a partial lyman limit break and absorption in , , , , , , and . the lower ionization transitions arise in two kinematic subsystems with a separation of . each subsystem... |
1206.5719 | i | this paper addresses questions about the nature of dynamical phase transitions and crossovers in open quantum systems from the perspective of observers able to make measurements on the environment . we take our motivation from experiments using homodyne detection schemes @xcite and study the time series or trajectorie... | we take our motivation from homodyne detection schemes which allow the statistics of quadrature operator of the light field to be measured . we discuss how quadrature operators can serve as alternative order parameters for the classification of dynamical phases , which is particularly useful in cases where the statisti... | we apply a large - deviation method to study the diffusive trajectories of the quadrature operators of light within a reservoir connected to dissipative quantum systems . we formulate the study of quadrature trajectories in terms of characteristic operators and show that in the long time limit the statistics of such tr... |
1206.5719 | i | several recent studies have applied the @xmath0-ensemble method to study the statistics of quantum trajectories in open quantum systems using a thermodynamic description @xcite . in this section we will give an account of the @xmath0-ensemble formalism for quantum trajectories . we discuss the specific examples of cou... | we apply a large - deviation method to study the diffusive trajectories of the quadrature operators of light within a reservoir connected to dissipative quantum systems . we formulate the study of quadrature trajectories in terms of characteristic operators and show that in the long time limit the statistics of such tr... | we apply a large - deviation method to study the diffusive trajectories of the quadrature operators of light within a reservoir connected to dissipative quantum systems . we formulate the study of quadrature trajectories in terms of characteristic operators and show that in the long time limit the statistics of such tr... |
1210.1663 | i | precise measurements of matter power spectrum in the large - scale structure are a powerful tool not only to investigate the details of the structure formation , but also to estimate the cosmological parameters . for example , the precise measurements of the baryon acoustic oscillation ( bao ) in the matter power spect... | we apply the wiener hermite ( wh ) expansion to the non - linear evolution of the large - scale structure , and obtain an approximate expression for the matter power spectrum in the full order of the expansion . this method allows us to expand any random function in terms of an orthonormal basis in the space of random ... | we apply the wiener hermite ( wh ) expansion to the non - linear evolution of the large - scale structure , and obtain an approximate expression for the matter power spectrum in the full order of the expansion . this method allows us to expand any random function in terms of an orthonormal basis in the space of random ... |
1210.1663 | c | we have applied the wh expansion to the evolution equation of dark matter in newtonian gravity . it diagrammatically corresponds to the classification of the power spectrum in which each order includes all of the vertex loop contributions . it is proved that the wh expansion is mathematically equivalent to the @xmath0-... | it is proved that the wh expansion is mathematically equivalent to the-expansion approach in the renormalized perturbation theory ( rpt ) . the validity of our prescription is specifically verified by comparing with the 2-loop solutions of spt . this accuracy is comparable to or slightly less than the ones in the closu... | we apply the wiener hermite ( wh ) expansion to the non - linear evolution of the large - scale structure , and obtain an approximate expression for the matter power spectrum in the full order of the expansion . this method allows us to expand any random function in terms of an orthonormal basis in the space of random ... |
astro-ph0601470 | i | kim et al . ( 2005 , hereafter paper i ) have calculated theoretical isochrones with extinction for some @xmath4 and @xmath1 band filters using the padova stellar evolutionary models by girardi et al . ( 2002 ) . in paper i , we found that the reddened isochrones of different filter pairs in @xmath4 and @xmath1 bands b... | we calculate theoretical isochrones in a consistent way for five filter pairs near the and band atmospheric windows ( , , , f110w f205w , and f110w f222 m ) using the padova stellar evolutionary models of girardi et al . as found for the filter pairs composed of & band filters , we find that the reddened isochrones o... | we calculate theoretical isochrones in a consistent way for five filter pairs near the and band atmospheric windows ( , , , f110w f205w , and f110w f222 m ) using the padova stellar evolutionary models of girardi et al . we present magnitude transformations between various-band filters as a function of color . isochr... |
cond-mat0103155 | i | for more than a decade two - dimensional ( 2d ) fermion systems have been a subject of great interest . one important motivation has been the non - fermi - liquid behavior observed in high-@xmath2 superconductors above @xmath2.@xcite in this context the existence and stability of the fermi liquid ( fl ) in @xmath3 has ... | we calculate using perturbative calculations and ward identities the basic parameters of the fermi liquid : the scattering vertex , the landau interaction function , the effective mass , specific heat , and physical susceptibilities for a model of two - dimensional ( 2d ) fermions with a short ranged interaction at non... | we calculate using perturbative calculations and ward identities the basic parameters of the fermi liquid : the scattering vertex , the landau interaction function , the effective mass , specific heat , and physical susceptibilities for a model of two - dimensional ( 2d ) fermions with a short ranged interaction at non... |
cond-mat0103155 | i | in this paper we have systematically examined the leading temperature corrections to flt in two spatial dimensions . we find for the model of a 2d electron gas with a contact interaction that to order @xmath277 the leading @xmath6-dependence of the fl parameters in the spin sector is linear in temperature , while for t... | we find that the standard relationships for a galilean - invariant fermi liquid are violated by finite - temperature terms . the coefficients in the temperature corrections to these relationships involve a subtle interplay between contributions from small and large ( ) momentum processes . we conclude that the linear l... | we calculate using perturbative calculations and ward identities the basic parameters of the fermi liquid : the scattering vertex , the landau interaction function , the effective mass , specific heat , and physical susceptibilities for a model of two - dimensional ( 2d ) fermions with a short ranged interaction at non... |
astro-ph0103265 | i | some recent inflation models ( e.g. , the hybrid inflationary scenario @xcite ) predict the `` blue '' power - spectrum of primordial density fluctuations . in turn , as is well known , the significant abundance of primordial black holes ( pbhs ) is possible just in the case when the density fluctuations have an @xmath... | it was assumed that pbhs are formed by a blue power - law spectrum of primordial density fluctuations . in the calculations of neutrino spectra the spectral index of density fluctuations and the reheating temperature were used as free parameters . the absorption of neutrinos during propagation in the space was taken in... | we calculated the energy spectra and the fluxes of electron neutrinos in extragalactic space emitted in the process of the evaporation of primordial black holes ( pbhs ) in the early universe . it was assumed that pbhs are formed by a blue power - law spectrum of primordial density fluctuations . in the calculations of... |
astro-ph0103265 | i | the starting formula for a calculation of the cosmological background from pbh evaporations is @xcite @xmath45 here , @xmath46 is the comoving number density of the sources ( in our case the source is an evaporating pbh of the definite mass @xmath47 ) , @xmath48 is the scale factor at present time , @xmath49 , @xmath50... | we calculated the energy spectra and the fluxes of electron neutrinos in extragalactic space emitted in the process of the evaporation of primordial black holes ( pbhs ) in the early universe . the comparison of our results with the previous constraints ( which had been obtained using diffuse photon background data ) s... | we calculated the energy spectra and the fluxes of electron neutrinos in extragalactic space emitted in the process of the evaporation of primordial black holes ( pbhs ) in the early universe . it was assumed that pbhs are formed by a blue power - law spectrum of primordial density fluctuations . in the calculations of... |
1307.3837 | i | the problem of analyzing the response of a nonlinear lattice to a localized disturbance arises in many applications , such as the study of stress waves in granular media after an impact @xcite , the excitation of nonlinear oscillations in crystals by atom bombardment @xcite , or the response of nonlinear transmission l... | we consider a class of fully - nonlinear fermi - pasta - ulam ( fpu ) lattices , consisting of a chain of particles coupled by fractional power nonlinearities of order . this class of systems incorporates a classical hertzian model describing acoustic wave propagation in chains of touching beads in the absence of preco... | we consider a class of fully - nonlinear fermi - pasta - ulam ( fpu ) lattices , consisting of a chain of particles coupled by fractional power nonlinearities of order . this class of systems incorporates a classical hertzian model describing acoustic wave propagation in chains of touching beads in the absence of preco... |
1510.01395 | i | let @xmath1 be a @xmath11-dimensional compact oriented manifold , and @xmath13 be a vector field on @xmath1 . the classical hopf - poincar theorem affirms that the sum of indices of zeros of @xmath13 is equal to the euler characteristic of @xmath1 : @xmath14 where @xmath15 is the set of zeros of @xmath13 and @xmath16 i... | we consider a locally trivial fiber bundle over a compact oriented two - dimensional manifold , and a section of this bundle defined over , where is a discrete subset of . we call the set the _ set of singularities of the section _ . we assume that the behavior of the section at the singularities is controlled in th... | we consider a locally trivial fiber bundle over a compact oriented two - dimensional manifold , and a section of this bundle defined over , where is a discrete subset of . we call the set the _ set of singularities of the section _ . we assume that the behavior of the section at the singularities is controlled in th... |
astro-ph0303097 | i | galaxy clusters contain a large amount of hot diffuse gas radiating prolifically in thermal x - rays . in the absence of heat sources , the radiative cooling due to this emission should induce a subsonic inflow of gas in the central regions , leading to substantial condensation of cold gas in rich clusters ( e.g. , @xc... | we consider a model of galaxy clusters in which the hot gas is in hydrostatic equilibrium and maintains energy balance between radiative cooling and heating by thermal conduction . thus , we suggest that thermal instability is not dynamically significant in clusters , provided there is an adequate level of thermal cond... | we consider a model of galaxy clusters in which the hot gas is in hydrostatic equilibrium and maintains energy balance between radiative cooling and heating by thermal conduction . we analyze the thermal stability of the gas using a lagrangian perturbation analysis . for thermal conductivity at the level of% of spitzer... |
1605.08704 | i | in this paper , we consider the quasilinear dispersive equation @xmath3 where @xmath4 and the linear operator @xmath5 is defined by its symbol @xmath6 first , we show that solutions of with initial data of order @xmath0 in sobolev norms exist for a time span of order @xmath1 for sufficiently small @xmath2 , although... | we consider a nonlinear dispersive equation with a quasilinear quadratic term . we establish two results . first , we show that solutions to this equation with initial data of order in sobolev norms exist for a time span of order for sufficiently small . secondly , we derive the nonlinear schrdinger ( nls ) equation as... | we consider a nonlinear dispersive equation with a quasilinear quadratic term . we establish two results . first , we show that solutions to this equation with initial data of order in sobolev norms exist for a time span of order for sufficiently small . secondly , we derive the nonlinear schrdinger ( nls ) equation as... |
1603.06564 | i | we consider a system of branching processes with mutations specified as follows . the underlying total population process is modeled by a standard yule process @xmath4 , that is a continuous - time birth process started from one individual with unit birth rate per unit population size . we superpose independent mutatio... | we consider a yule process until the total population reaches size , and assume that neutral mutations occur with high probability ( in the sense that each child is a new mutant with probability , independently of the other children ) , where . we establish a general strategy for obtaining poisson limit laws for the nu... | we consider a yule process until the total population reaches size , and assume that neutral mutations occur with high probability ( in the sense that each child is a new mutant with probability , independently of the other children ) , where . we establish a general strategy for obtaining poisson limit laws for the nu... |
1409.3897 | i | when a distant bipartite system is given as two parties , alice and bob , it is natural to restrict their operations to local operation and classical communication ( locc ) @xcite because it is not so easy to realize a quantum operation across both of the distant parties . locc operations can be classified by the direc... | , we derive the hoeffding bounds under two - way locc povms and separable povms . further , we derive a stein s lemma type of optimal error exponents under one - way locc , two - way locc , and separable povms up to the third order , which clarifies the difference between one - way and two - way locc povm . | we consider asymptotic hypothesis testing ( or state discrimination with asymmetric treatment of errors ) between an arbitrary fixed bipartite pure state and the completely mixed state under one - way locc ( local operations and classical communications ) , two - way locc , and separable povms . as a result , we derive... |
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