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sciq_standardized

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In a chemical reaction, the amounts of reactants and products will be constant when what state is attained? 0. equilibrium 1. saturation 2. peak 3. homogeneity
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0. equilibrium The amount of reactants and products do not have to be equal. However, after equilibrium is attained, the amounts of reactants and products will be constant.
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What protects a developing flower while it is still a bud? 0. shell 1. petals 2. lobes 3. sepals
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3. sepals Sepals protect the developing flower while it is still a bud. Sepals are usually green, which camouflages the bud from possible consumers.
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What is the term for the force of attraction between things that have a mass? 0. gravity 1. weight 2. motion 3. magnetism
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0. gravity Gravity has traditionally been defined as a force of attraction between things that have mass. According to this conception of gravity, anything that has mass, no matter how small, exerts gravity on other matter. Gravity can act between objects that are not even touching. In fact, gravity can act over very l...
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What are the long, thin protein extensions in most prokaryotic cells called? 0. analyte 1. flagellum 2. cingulum 3. neutrons
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1. flagellum
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Dialysis is a treatment for failure of what organs? 0. lungs 1. kidneys 2. liver 3. spleen
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1. kidneys Kidney failure may be treated with dialysis.
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What preventive measure can protect even young children against diseases such as viral meningitis? 0. nutrition 1. vaccination 2. surgical intervention 3. malnutrition
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1. vaccination Children as young as 2 years of age can be vaccinated against viral meningitis.
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Renal plasma flow equals the blood flow per minute times the what? 0. erythrocytes 1. leukocytes 2. hematocrit 3. hemoglobin
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2. hematocrit Renal plasma flow equals the blood flow per minute times the hematocrit. If a person has a hematocrit of 45, then the renal plasma flow is 55 percent. 1050*0.55 = 578 mL plasma/min.
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What does lattice energy of an ionic solid measure the strength of? 0. bonds 1. metals 2. atoms 3. electrons
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0. bonds Lattice energy of an ionic solid is a measure of the strength of bonds in that ionic compound.
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How many different types of taste can be detected by taste buds? 0. five 1. three 2. two 3. hundreds
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0. five
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What species do humans belong to? 0. homo erectus 1. homo sapiens 2. hominids 3. monkeys
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1. homo sapiens Homo sapiens is our species. We originated about 200,000 years ago in Africa. Evidence of a spiritual life appears about 32,000 years ago. The evidence includes stone figurines that probably have religious significance ( Figure below ).
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Titration is a method to determine what in acids or bases? 0. alkalinity 1. maturation 2. glucose 3. concentration
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3. concentration The concentration of an acid or base can be determined by titration.
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How many different amino acids make up proteins. 0. 14 1. 25 2. 30 3. 20
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3. 20 There are 20 amino acids that make up proteins. With three bases per codon, there are 64 possible codons. This is more than enough to code for the 20 amino acids plus start and stop signals. You can see how to translate the genetic code in Figure below . Start at the center of the chart for the first base of each...
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What are sores in the lining of the stomach or duodenum that are usually caused by bacterial infections or acidity? 0. ulcers 1. lesions 2. clots 3. hernia
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0. ulcers Ulcers are sores in the lining of the stomach or duodenum that are usually caused by bacterial infections. They may also be caused by the acidic environment of the stomach. Stomach acids may damage the lining of the stomach. Symptoms typically include abdominal pain and bleeding. You can see how stomach ulcer...
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In some species, what has led to the evolution of alternative male mating behavior and morphology? 0. distributive selection 1. similar selection 2. sexual process 3. sexual selection
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3. sexual selection
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What structure is made from dna and protein molecules coiled together? 0. chromosome 1. bacterium 2. enzymes 3. atoms
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0. chromosome As a cell prepares to divide, its DNA first forms one or more structures called chromosomes. A chromosome consists of DNA and protein molecules coiled into a definite shape. Chromosomes are circular in prokaryotes and rodlike in eukaryotes. You can see an example of a human chromosome in Figure below . Th...
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What renewable energy source converts energy from the sunlight into electricity? 0. geophysical energy 1. geothermal energy 2. solar energy 3. hydrostatic energy
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2. solar energy Less energy is needed to get renewable energy sources. Solar energy is a good example. Sunlight is everywhere, so no one needs to go out and find it. We don’t have to drill for it or pump it to the surface. We just need to install solar panels like the ones in Figure below and let sunlight strike them. ...
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The radial artery and which artery parallel their namesake bones, giving off smaller branches until they reach the wrist, or carpal region? 0. ulnar 1. triceps 2. humerus 3. biceps
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0. ulnar Arteries Serving the Upper Limbs As the subclavian artery exits the thorax into the axillary region, it is renamed the axillary artery. Although it does branch and supply blood to the region near the head of the humerus (via the humeral circumflex arteries), the majority of the vessel continues into the upper ...
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The bones of the skull are connected by what type of joints? 0. immovable 1. semi-mobile 2. pivoting 3. adjustable
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0. immovable Immovable joints allow no movement because the bones at these joints are held securely together by dense collagen. The bones of the skull are connected by immovable joints.
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What is the lowest layer of the atmosphere? 0. ionosphere 1. troposphere 2. chromosphere 3. lithosphere
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1. troposphere The troposphere is the lowest layer of the atmosphere. All of the air you breathe is in the troposphere. All of Earth's weather—wind, rain, snow, heat—is in the troposphere. The troposphere is the lowest and most important layer of the atmosphere!.
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What is the name of the type of plant tissue consisting of undifferentiated cells that can continue to divide and differentiate? 0. cuticle 1. meristem 2. guard cell 3. bundle sheth cell
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1. meristem The key to continued growth and repair of plant cells is meristem . Meristem is a type of plant tissue consisting of undifferentiated cells that can continue to divide and differentiate. Meristem at the tips of roots and stems allows them to grow in length. This is called primary growth. Meristem within and...
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Phosphate-containing ocean sediments form primarily from the bodies of ocean organisms and from their what? 0. ancestors 1. skeletons 2. blood 3. excretions
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3. excretions The Phosphorus Cycle Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for living processes; it is a major component of nucleic acids and phospholipids, and, as calcium phosphate, makes up the supportive components of our bones. Phosphorus is often the limiting nutrient (necessary for growth) in aquatic, particularly f...
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What does erosion do to pieces of broken rock? 0. lead them 1. moves them 2. Smooth them 3. Cancel Them
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1. moves them Erosion moves the pieces of broken rock.
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The passing of traits from parents to offspring is done through what? 0. sperm 1. dna 2. egg 3. blood
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1. dna Genetics is the study of inheritance. Inheritance is the passing of traits from parents to offspring. How are these traits "passed"? Through DNA, which is the genetic material of all organisms. This concept will focus on genetics, inheritance, and DNA.
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In a glass of sweet tea the sugar is known as the solute and the water is known as what? 0. pigment 1. solid 2. solvent 3. calcium
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2. solvent If you’re like Tanya in this picture, you prefer your iced tea sweetened with sugar. Sweetened iced tea is a solution in which solid sugar (the solute) is dissolved in cold liquid tea, which is mostly water (the solvent). When you add sugar to tea, particles of water pull apart particles of sugar. The partic...
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A few earthquakes take place away from plate boundaries, these are called what? 0. intraplate earthquakes 1. outer earthquakes 2. deformation earthquakes 3. distant earthquakes
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0. intraplate earthquakes The remaining 5% are scattered around other plate boundaries. A few earthquakes take place away from plate boundaries. These are intraplate earthquakes.
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Red litmus paper turns what color when placed in a basic solution? 0. white 1. orange 2. blue 3. pink
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2. blue Red litmus paper turns blue when placed in a basic solution.
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The difference between the theoretical half-reaction reduction potential and the actual voltage required is called what? 0. resistance 1. overpotential 2. excess 3. overcharge
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1. overpotential can occur in electrolytic cells by introducing a power supply, which supplies the energy to force the electrons to flow in the nonspontaneous direction. Electrolysis is done in solutions, which contain enough ions so current can flow. If the solution contains only one material, like the electrolysis of...
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While the egg is developing, other changes are taking place in the uterus. it develops a thick lining that is full of what? 0. large arteries 1. white blood cells 2. amniotic fluid 3. tiny blood vessels
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3. tiny blood vessels While the egg is developing, other changes are taking place in the uterus. It develops a thick lining that is full of tiny blood vessels. The lining prepares the uterus to receive a fertilized egg if fertilization actually takes place.
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The neural plate undergoes a series of cell movements where it rolls up and forms a tube called what? 0. cell tube 1. occular tube 2. neural tube 3. peripheral tube
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2. neural tube called growth factors signal some cells at the edge of the ectoderm to become epidermis cells. The remaining cells in the center form the neural plate. If the signaling by growth factors were disrupted, then the entire ectoderm would differentiate into neural tissue. The neural plate undergoes a series o...
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Due to the __________ nature of the lipids that make up cell membranes, polar molecules (such as water) and ions cannot easily diffuse across the cell membrane. 0. hydrophylic 1. hydrophobic 2. saturated 3. catalytic
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1. hydrophobic Small nonpolar molecules can easily diffuse across the cell membrane. However, due to the hydrophobic nature of the lipids that make up cell membranes, polar molecules (such as water) and ions cannot do so. Instead, they diffuse across the membrane through transport proteins. A transport protein complete...
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In what way do all vertebrates reproduce? 0. mitosis 1. sexually 2. asexually 3. biologically
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1. sexually Vertebrates reproduce sexually, and almost all have separate male and female sexes. Aquatic species generally have external fertilization, whereas terrestrial species usually have internal fertilization. Vertebrates have one of three reproductive strategies, known as ovipary, ovovivipary, or vivipary.
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First, high temperature denatures proteins and does what to cells? 0. finds them 1. develops them 2. kills them 3. exposes them
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2. kills them
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What term is used to describe a collection of molecules surrounded by a phospholipid bilayer that is capable of reproducing itself? 0. atom 1. proteins 2. cell 3. organism
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2. cell A cell membrane is essentially a mixture of phospholipids that form a phospholipid bilayer. One definition of a cell is a collection of molecules surrounded by a phospholipid bilayer that is capable of reproducing itself. The simplest cells are bacteria, which consist of only a single compartment surrounded by ...
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By allowing blood levels of a hormone to be regulated within a narrow range, feedback loops contribute to maintaining what state? 0. hypothesis 1. hibernation 2. homeostasis 3. consciousness
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2. homeostasis Role of Feedback Loops The contribution of feedback loops to homeostasis will only be briefly reviewed here. Positive feedback loops are characterized by the release of additional hormone in response to an original hormone release. The release of oxytocin during childbirth is a positive feedback loop. Th...
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Collagen fibers, elastic fibers, and reticular fibers comprise what type of tissue? 0. nucleus tissue 1. intestine tissue 2. skin tissue 3. connective tissue
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3. connective tissue Connective Tissue Fibers and Ground Substance Three main types of fibers are secreted by fibroblasts: collagen fibers, elastic fibers, and reticular fibers. Collagen fiber is made from fibrous protein subunits linked together to form a long and straight fiber. Collagen fibers, while flexible, have ...
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What the name of the disease where some of the alveoli of the lungs fill with fluid so they can no longer exchange gas? 0. leukemia 1. pneumonia 2. lung cancer 3. emphysema
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1. pneumonia Pneumonia is a disease in which some of the alveoli of the lungs fill with fluid so they can no longer exchange gas. Symptoms of pneumonia typically include coughing, chest pain, difficulty breathing, and fatigue. Pneumonia may be caused by an infection or an injury to the lungs.
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What occurs when groups from the same species stop mating because of something other than physical or geographic separation? 0. sympatric speciation 1. extinction 2. complementary speciation 3. invasive speciation
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0. sympatric speciation Sympatric speciation occurs when groups from the same species stop mating because of something other than physical or geographic separation. The behavior of two groups that live in the same region is an example of such separation. The separation may be caused by different mating seasons, for exa...
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What environment do animals with gills live in? 0. air 1. water 2. underground 3. cold
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1. water
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What is the boiling and freezing point of water in celcius? 0. 100 degrees c and 32 degrees c 1. 100 degrees c and 0 degrees c 2. 212 degrees c and 0 degrees c 3. 212 degrees c and 32 degrees c
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1. 100 degrees c and 0 degrees c Melting and boiling points are somewhat unique identifiers, especially of compounds. In addition to giving some idea as to the identity of the compound, important information can be obtained about the purity of the material.
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What are living things that obtain glucose by eating self feeders called? 0. producers 1. chimeras 2. heterotrophs 3. viruses
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2. heterotrophs Types of organisms that make glucose by photosynthesis are pictured in Figure below . They include plants, plant-like protists such as algae, and some kinds of bacteria. Living things that make glucose are called autotrophs ("self feeders"). All other living things obtain glucose by eating autotrophs (o...
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Virtually every task performed by living organisms requires this? 0. solids 1. mineral 2. energy 3. metals
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2. energy Introduction Virtually every task performed by living organisms requires energy. Energy is needed to perform heavy labor and exercise, but humans also use energy while thinking, and even during sleep. In fact, the living cells of every organism constantly use energy. Nutrients and other molecules are imported...
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The binding of what helps eliminate antigens by phagocytosis and complement-mediated lysis 0. antibodies 1. proteins 2. amino acids 3. fats
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0. antibodies
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What muscles are used to pump water over the gills? 0. pharynx and tonsils 1. jaws and pharynx 2. lungs and pharynx 3. muscles and pharynx
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1. jaws and pharynx
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Compounds like sodium chloride form structures called what? 0. crystals 1. ions 2. microorganisms 3. hydrocarbons
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0. crystals Compounds like sodium chloride form structures called crystals. A crystal is a rigid framework of many ions locked together in a repeating pattern. Ions are electrically charged forms of atoms. You can see a crystal of sodium chloride in the Figure below . It is made up of many sodium and chloride ions.
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What are made of long chains consisting almost solely of carbon and hydrogen? 0. nucleic acids 1. enzymes 2. lipids 3. proteins
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2. lipids Lipids are made of long chains consisting almost solely of carbon and hydrogen. These long chains are called fatty acids. Fatty acids may be saturated or unsaturated. Figure below shows an example of each type of fatty acid.
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When a series of measurements is precise but not what, the error is usually systematic? 0. velocity 1. length 2. color 3. accurate
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3. accurate 0 .033 g 1 .117 g × 100 = 3 .0% When a series of measurements is precise but not accurate, the error is usually systematic. Systematic errors can be caused by faulty instrumentation or faulty technique. The difference between accuracy and precision is demonstrated in Skill Builder ES7.
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Inserting copies of normal genes into a patient with defective genes is known as? 0. pattern therapy 1. cloning 2. gene therapy 3. chromosome treatment
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2. gene therapy treat genetic disorders. For example, copies of a normal gene might be inserted into a patient with a defective gene. This is called gene therapy . Ideally, it can cure a genetic disorder.
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What type of reproduction usually occur during times of environmental stress? 0. sexual reproduction 1. internal reproduction 2. hysterical reproduction 3. asexual reproduction
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0. sexual reproduction
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All forms of energy can be interconverted. three things can change the energy of an object: the transfer of heat, work performed on or by an object, or some combination of what? 0. temperature and work 1. humidity and work 2. cold and energy 3. heat and work
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3. heat and work All forms of energy can be interconverted. Three things can change the energy of an object: the transfer of heat, work performed on or by an object, or some combination of heat and work.
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What science includes many fields of science related to our home planet? 0. earth science 1. meteorology 2. zoology 3. biology
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0. earth science Earth science includes many fields of science related to our home planet.
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