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Examples |
To sign an .rdp file named file1.rdp, navigate to the folder where you saved the .rdp file, and then type: |
rdpsign /sha1 hash file1.rdp |
Note |
The hash value represents the SHA1 certificate thumbprint, without any spaces. |
To test whether digital signing will succeed for an .rdp file without actually signing the file, type: |
rdpsign /sha1 hash /l file1.rdp |
To sign multiple .rdp files that are named, file1.rdp, file2.rdp, and file3.rdp, type (including the spaces between file names): |
rdpsign /sha1 hash file1.rdp file2.rdp file3.rdp |
See Also |
Command-Line Syntax Key |
Remote Desktop Services (Terminal Services) Command Reference |
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recover |
Recovers readable information from a bad or defective disk. This command reads a file, sector-by-sector, and recovers data from the good sectors. Data in bad sectors is lost. Because all data in bad sectors is lost when you recover a file, you should recover only one file at a time. |
Bad sectors reported by the chkdsk command were marked as bad when your disk was prepared for operation. They pose no danger, and recover does not affect them. |
Syntax |
recover [<drive>:][<path>]<filename> |
Parameters |
Parameter |
Description |
[<drive>:][<path>]<filename> |
Specifies the file name (and the location of the file if it is not in the current directory) you want to recover. Filename is required and wildcards aren't supported. |
/? |
Displays help at the command prompt. |
[<drive>:][<path>]<filename> |
Examples |
To recover the file story.txt in the \fiction directory on drive D, type: |
recover d:\fiction\story.txt |
ReFSUtil |
Applies to: Windows Server 2022, Windows Server 2019, Windows 10 |
ReFSUtil is a tool included in Windows and Windows Server that attempts to diagnose heavily damaged ReFS volumes, identify remaining files, and copy those files to another volume. This tool comes in the %SystemRoot%\Windows\System32 folder. |
%SystemRoot%\Windows\System32 |
ReFS salvage is the primary function of ReFSUtil, and is useful for recovering data from volumes that show as RAW in Disk Management. ReFS Salvage has two phases: Scan Phase and a Copy Phase. In automatic mode, the Scan Phase and Copy Phase will run sequentially. In manual |
mode, each phase can be run separately. Progress and logs are saved in a working directory to allow phases to be run separately as well as Scan Phase to be paused and resumed. You shouldn't need to use the ReFSutil tool unless the volume is RAW. If read-only, then data is still accessible. |
Parameters |
Parameter |
Description |
<source volume> |
Specifies the ReFS volume to process. The drive letter must be formatted as "L:", or you must provide a path to the volume mount point. |
<working directory> |
Specifies the location to store temporary information and logs. It must not be located on the <source volume>. |
<target directory> |
Specifies the location where identified files are copied to. It must not be located on the <source volume>. |
-m |
Recovers all possible files including deleted ones.WARNING: Not only does this parameter cause the process to take longer to run, but it can also lead to unexpected results. |
-v |
Specifies to use verbose mode. |
-x |
Forces the volume to dismount first, if necessary. All opened handles to the volume are then invalid. For example, refsutil salvage -QA R: N:\WORKING N:\DATA -x. |
<source volume> |
<working directory> |
<source volume> |
<target directory> |
<source volume> |
WARNING: Not only does this parameter cause the process to take longer to run, but it can also lead to unexpected results. |
refsutil salvage -QA R: N:\WORKING N:\DATA -x |
Usage and available options |
Quick automatic mode |
Performs a Quick Scan Phase followed by a Copy Phase. This mode runs quicker as it assumes some critical structures of the volume aren't corrupted and so there's no need to scan the entire volume to locate them. This also reduces the recovery of stale files/directories/volumes. |
refsutil salvage -QA <source volume> <working directory> <target directory> <options> |
Full automatic mode |
Performs a Full Scan Phase followed by a Copy Phase. This mode may take a long time as it will scan the entire volume for any recoverable files/directories/volumes. |
refsutil salvage -FA <source volume> <working directory> <target directory> <options> |
Diagnose phase (manual mode) |
First, try to determine if the <source volume> is an ReFS volume and determine if the volume is mountable. If a volume isn't mountable, the reason(s) will be provided. This is a standalone phase. |
<source volume> |
refsutil salvage -D <source volume> <working directory> <options> |
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