claim stringlengths 47 415 | case_name listlengths 1 5 | overruling_case stringclasses 301
values | label stringclasses 3
values |
|---|---|---|---|
Companies must apportion expenditures associated with scientific study and product innovation across all related items, in line with federal tax policies, even when such outlays benefit only discrete items within a larger group. | [
"Boeing Company v. United States"
] | null | Refuted |
The nation's foundational legal document prohibits money penalties for misconduct from being unreasonably out of proportion to compensation for actual injuries. | [
"BMW of North America, Inc. v. Gore",
"Ford Motor Company v. Romo",
"State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company v. Campbell"
] | null | Refuted |
Courts cannot block enforcement of employer-decreed one-person conflict resolution methods when staff assert violations of workplace collective rights. | [
"Epic Systems Corp. v. Lewis"
] | null | Refuted |
State authorization to practice may only be withheld if views materially connect to essential job functions. | [
"Baird v. State Bar of Arizona"
] | null | Refuted |
Where statutes compel the public identification of donors, precise tailoring for discrete problems is required, not universal application to any organization. | [
"Americans for Prosperity v. Bonta"
] | null | Supported |
Rivers within national parks are not subject to National Park Service rules unless the federal government owns them. | [
"Sturgeon v. Frost"
] | null | Supported |
Defense lawyers are legally required to obtain the defendant's explicit approval for every trial strategy, and failure to do so automatically constitutes ineffective assistance of counsel, regardless of whether the defendant was informed of the strategy or had an opportunity to object. | [
"Florida v. Nixon"
] | null | Refuted |
Courts can approve transferring firearms to another person only if the convicted person won't control them after the transfer. | [
"Henderson v. United States"
] | null | Supported |
The Three-Judge Court Act requires a clear order granting or denying an injunction for direct appeal to the Supreme Court to be permissible. | [
"Gunn v. University Comm. to End War in Viet Nam"
] | null | Refuted |
Judges decline to impose liability for promoting potential violations of government-granted exclusivity rights when actual breach has not occurred. | [
"Global-Tech Appliances, Inc. v. SEB S.A.",
"Limelight Networks v. Akamai Technologies"
] | null | Supported |
A comedic imitation's economic impact on the source material is significant exclusively when displacement occurs. | [
"Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, Inc."
] | null | Supported |
The government cannot exclude people from public schools based on gender without a very strong reason that directly relates to the school's purpose. | [
"Mississippi University for Women v. Hogan"
] | null | Supported |
A company's requirement to explain variations in workforce composition among positions is met solely when plaintiffs provide evidence linking these differences to staffing protocols in relation to the eligible candidate pool for each role. | [
"Wards Cove Packing Company, Inc. v. Atonio"
] | null | Supported |
The right to cast a ballot should not depend on personal assets. | [
"Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections"
] | null | Refuted |
Constraints on sacred rituals, even when necessary to safeguard community well-being, can cause permanent injury and are not always a proper application of authority when they disproportionately burden such practices compared to similar temporal pursuits. | [
"Roman Catholic Diocese of Brooklyn v. Cuomo"
] | null | Refuted |
Fetuses are not included in federal household aid eligibility classifications under the supporting statute. | [
"Burns v. Alcala"
] | null | Refuted |
A lawsuit against individuals for illegal activities isn't dismissed just because the group they were part of no longer exists, if the government is still trying to stop those individuals from doing the same actions. | [
"United States v. Concentrated Phosphate Export Assn., Inc."
] | null | Supported |
After termination of community-based non-custodial supervision due to violation, the confinement period must be between one-third of the penalty grid's upper bound and that upper bound itself. | [
"United States v. Granderson"
] | null | Refuted |
Non-governmental educational institutions may not deny enrollment to students based on skin color. | [
"Runyon v. McCrary"
] | null | Supported |
U.S. law enabling foreign nationals to seek remedies for breaches of international law does not permit civil actions directed at business organizations. | [
"Jesner v. Arab Bank, PLC"
] | null | Refuted |
Establishing that the defendant intended to obscure key attributes of financial assets — including source, location, ownership, and criminal provenance — is necessary for conviction. | [
"Regalado Cuellar v. United States"
] | null | Supported |
Initiatives that divide citizens by race to grant special benefits, regardless of the goal of solving community issues, must receive the most intense judicial test. | [
"Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Peña"
] | null | Refuted |
Constitutional free speech protections prohibit government regulations that impose greater restrictions on non-commercial speech relative to commercial speech in publicly visible displays. | [
"Lehman v. City of Shaker Heights",
"Metromedia, Inc. v. City of San Diego"
] | null | Supported |
Review panels assess whether a trial-level judicial determination was plainly incorrect regarding the typical living location of a minor. | [
"Monasky v. Taglieri"
] | null | Supported |
Companies cannot block healthcare services following job loss for individuals already insured by alternative employers during federal program enrollment, despite statutory language permitting terminations after new insurance begins. | [
"Geissal v. Moore Medical Corporation"
] | null | Refuted |
Punitive measures applied when a defendant's prejudiced motive underpins the act are compatible with constitutional expressive rights. | [
"Wisconsin v. Mitchell"
] | null | Refuted |
When law enforcement encounters a sidearm during a protective frisk, authorities may apprehend the individual for unauthorized carrying of the sidearm. | [
"Adams v. Williams"
] | null | Supported |
University enrollment procedures considering skin tone cannot extend past strictly required measures for diversity-related educational aims. | [
"Fisher v. University of Texas"
] | null | Supported |
Jurisdiction cannot be established against an overseas entity simply because a consumer uses its product in a particular area. | [
"J. McIntyre Machinery, Ltd. v. Nicastro"
] | null | Supported |
A defendant has the right to confront and cross-examine witnesses against them, even when those witnesses are co-defendants and their statements are offered as evidence in a joint trial. | [
"Bruton v. United States"
] | null | Refuted |
Jury instructions that provide incorrect information about the law can violate constitutional rights if they mislead the jury. | [
"Calderon v. Coleman"
] | null | Supported |
When safety protocols necessitate evacuating individuals expressing dissent from proximity to a VIP, such actions do not inherently breach the constitutional right to free expression even when treatment differs among political factions. | [
"Wood v. Moss"
] | null | Refuted |
Judicial bodies may temporarily halt enforcement of government mandates that threaten worship-based liberties when they cause immediate injury and such halting does not imperil societal safety. | [
"Roman Catholic Diocese of Brooklyn v. Cuomo"
] | null | Supported |
During custody maintenance, public safety officials' regular conversational norms do not constitute confession-seeking activities. | [
"Rhode Island v. Innis"
] | null | Supported |
The constitutional principle of federal preemption alone does not authorize individuals to sue state governments for noncompliance with federal statutes. | [
"Armstrong v. Exceptional Child Center, Inc."
] | null | Refuted |
Pre-mortem settlements with non-employment parties may diminish a married individual's access to survivor financial relief, thereby reducing the responsible entity's obligation to pay. | [
"Ingalls Shipbuilding, Inc. v. Director, Office of Workers' Compensation Programs"
] | null | Refuted |
Federal judicial bodies are required to implement state statutes regarding liability protections, even when such provisions assign resolution to a sole judicial officer rather than a community-based fact-finding panel, unless doing so would contravene the constitutional safeguard for civilian involvement in civil adjud... | [
"Byrd v. Blue Ridge Rural Electric Cooperative, Inc."
] | null | Refuted |
Courts may prevent a defendant from retaining a selected attorney when loyalties diverge across co-defendants, despite mutual consent. | [
"Wheat v. United States"
] | null | Refuted |
Joining a judicial proceeding as a participant does not automatically impose monetary responsibility for the dispute. | [
"Nelson v. Adams USA, Inc."
] | null | Supported |
Criminally accused individuals who are indigent cannot access state resources for mental health examinations to establish lack of criminal responsibility at the time of the act. | [
"Ake v. Oklahoma"
] | null | Refuted |
Simple possession of a controlled substance by itself does not count as a 'controlled substance offense' for sentencing purposes. | [
"Salinas v. United States"
] | null | Supported |
State-funded universities must not deny enrollment to applicants on account of color. | [
"Sweatt v. Painter"
] | null | Supported |
The law does not require immigration authorities to detain a noncitizen right after they finish serving a criminal sentence. | [
"Nielsen v. Preap"
] | null | Supported |
Healthcare organizations participating in federal health insurance programs have no judicial recourse against third-party payment administrators' denials of requests to reconsider prior compensation decisions. | [
"Your Home Visiting Nurse Services, Inc. v. Shalala"
] | null | Supported |
Written materials are protected from government censorship when any societal utility is present. | [
"A Book Named \"John Cleland's Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure\" v. Attorney General of Massachusetts"
] | null | Supported |
When applying to stop deportation, a person can use their parent's time as a green card holder to meet the five-year lawful permanent resident requirement, even if they themselves have not held a green card for that long. | [
"Holder v. Gutierrez"
] | null | Refuted |
Using automobile registration files to locate potential claimants is illegal once a legal proceeding commences | [
"Maracich v. Spears"
] | null | Supported |
It is legal for police to record conversations they are part of because the person speaking knows the officer could tell others what was said. | [
"Lopez v. United States"
] | null | Supported |
Federal judicial officers must trace the underlying rationale in state court decisions that provide no explanation, but this obligation extends solely to illegal detention appeals secured under the nineteen ninety-six legislation and not to other proceedings. | [
"Wilson v. Sellers"
] | null | Supported |
Congress has the authority to investigate topics related to making laws or overseeing government operations. | [
"Wilkinson v. United States"
] | null | Supported |
Federal statutes addressing transactions with criminally derived currency require government counsel to establish that the defendant sought to obscure asset properties, provenance, title, and management direction—not merely rendering it invisible. | [
"Regalado Cuellar v. United States"
] | null | Refuted |
Inability to perform a single job duty, without considering the ability to perform other duties or mitigate a condition, automatically qualifies a person as disabled under the ADA. | [
"Murphy v. United Parcel Service, Inc.",
"Sutton v. United Air Lines, Inc."
] | null | Refuted |
Technical errors in a judge's past job affiliations do not automatically require them to step down from a case. | [
"Sao Paulo State of Federative Republic of Brazil v. American Tobacco Company, Inc."
] | null | Supported |
A self-incriminating statement is admissible when government coercion is absent, even if the individual has a mental disorder. | [
"Colorado v. Connelly"
] | null | Supported |
Information about an individual's past misconduct is admissible when relevant, with no requirement for a guilt determination before trial. | [
"Huddleston v. United States"
] | null | Refuted |
Federal legislation deems cannabis to lack therapeutic utility, forbidding exceptions for healing applications. | [
"United States v. Oakland Cannabis Buyers' Coop"
] | null | Supported |
When school personnel speak to students about possible harm, legal rules mandating disclosure do not tie them to criminal evidence collection. | [
"Ohio v. Clark"
] | null | Supported |
When city officials enable residents to seek a public vote on policies and discriminatory results occur, the unaffiliated community's conduct may be treated as public authority behavior for constitutional equality and due process challenges. | [
"City of Cuyahoga Falls v. Buckeye Community Hope"
] | null | Refuted |
The prosecution needs to verify that the jury panel is free from bias, without needing proof that meets the criminal conviction standard. | [
"Skilling v. United States"
] | null | Refuted |
Law enforcement may examine a vehicle's interior after towing to safeguard the individual's personal effects and forestall claims about unaccounted property. | [
"South Dakota v. Opperman"
] | null | Supported |
Government authorities may legally request judicial mandates to stop the release of manufacturing byproducts and enforce the eradication of pollutants that impair water channel functionality for vessel traffic. | [
"United States v. Republic Steel Corporation"
] | null | Refuted |
Statutory prohibitions targeting sexually explicit depictions of adolescents primarily exist to prevent harm, not to regulate cognitive states. | [
"Osborne v. Ohio"
] | null | Refuted |
Items secured during a proper detention based on a prior judicial mandate must be excluded from court proceedings when the mandate was uncovered through an unauthorized preliminary interaction later determined to violate constitutional standards, especially if the interaction's main purpose was securing evidence to jus... | [
"Utah v. Strieff"
] | null | Refuted |
Students must be allowed to explain their side before being suspended. | [
"Goss v. Lopez"
] | null | Supported |
A government cannot disallow faith-based communication in a government-established venue for community dialogue when non-faith-based communication about the same subjects is permitted. | [
"Capitol Square Review and Advisory Bd. v. Pinette",
"Lamb's Chapel v. Center Moriches Union Free School District"
] | null | Refuted |
Political subdivisions of the state commonly must provide compensation when established administrative protocols contravene fundamental civil liberties. | [
"Monell v. Department of Social Services of the City of New York"
] | null | Refuted |
If a court says a government worker isn't protected when deciding if the case should go to trial, the worker can appeal that decision separately. | [
"Behrens v. Pelletier"
] | null | Supported |
Statutory changes are required to allow judicial review of disputes sent to state venues when entities have litigation shields stemming from overseas government ties. | [
"Powerex Corp. v. Reliant Energy Services, Inc."
] | null | Supported |
Congress cannot regulate activities that are strictly local in nature, even if those activities could indirectly affect interstate commerce. | [
"Hammer v. Dagenhart"
] | null | Refuted |
Public authorities may not presume male caregivers incapable of parenting based solely on marital status in the absence of judicial review, unlike other custodians who receive assessments before custody modifications. | [
"Stanley v. Illinois"
] | null | Supported |
Constitutional challenges must be clearly presented for the Supreme Court to consider them. | [
"Murel v. Baltimore City Criminal Court"
] | National Association for the Advancement of Colored People v. Alabama ex rel. Flowers | Overruled |
Judicial bodies may weigh particulars of an agreed-upon resolution when evaluating a plaintiff cohort's eligibility for joint proceedings, though such proceedings require satisfaction of all procedural prerequisites. | [
"Amchem Products, Inc. v. Windsor"
] | null | Supported |
The nation's founding charter imposes no duty on correctional facilities to adopt specific measures designed to avert self-inflicted fatalities. | [
"Taylor v. Barkes"
] | null | Supported |
Spiritual texts are impermissible in state-operated academic institutions regardless of claimed non-theological justifications. | [
"Stone v. Graham"
] | null | Refuted |
Statements where immediate severe harm is foreseeable lack constitutional protection. | [
"Schenck v. United States"
] | Garrison v. Louisiana | Overruled |
A lawsuit can be dismissed early if the plaintiff fails to specifically cite the relevant federal statute, such as Section 1983, in their initial filing, even if the complaint otherwise provides a factual basis for a claim. | [
"Johnson v. City of Shelby"
] | null | Refuted |
The government is justified in providing different benefits to surviving spouses based on traditional gender roles and economic dependencies. | [
"Califano v. Goldfarb"
] | null | Refuted |
Convictions arising from nonviolent demonstrations are legally impermissible when statutory definitions of public unrest behaviors lack precision. | [
"Garner v. Louisiana"
] | null | Supported |
By established legal principles, subnational governments alone manage the application of citizen choice; central authority engagement is impermissible without evidence of persistent inequitable practices. | [
"Shelby County v. Holder"
] | null | Refuted |
Healthcare failures by detention staff do not meet the threshold for constitutional prohibitions against inhumane treatment. | [
"Estelle v. Gamble"
] | null | Supported |
Defendants have the right to transfer judicial proceedings due to extensive press saturation, irrespective of impact on juror impartiality. | [
"Dobbert v. Florida"
] | null | Refuted |
Juries calculate compensation due where public agencies prohibit construction projects violating the core national charters. | [
"City of Monterey v. Del Monte Dunes at Monterey"
] | null | Supported |
Under federal law addressing employer liability for physical harm in fixed-track transportation systems, entities must compensate employees when their failure to exercise reasonable care factored into the harm's production. | [
"CSX Transportation v. McBride"
] | null | Refuted |
Employer status under federal anti-discrimination statute is determined by counting all staff in the employment relationship whether or not they are on-site or performing tasks. | [
"Walters v. Metropolitan Educational Enterprises, Inc."
] | null | Supported |
Tax deductions are exclusively available for debt financing charges; asset purchase costs are nondeductible. | [
"United States v. Mississippi Chemical Corporation"
] | null | Supported |
Curtailments on monetary transfers to electoral bodies are not violations of constitutional speech safeguards, even when funds support those running for public office or advancing community initiatives, and even absent proof of wrongdoing. | [
"McConnell v. Federal Election Commission",
"Thompson v. Hebdon"
] | null | Refuted |
Federal courts are not bound to apply a new interpretation of state law established by a state's highest court after the federal court has already ruled on the case. | [
"Lords Landing Village Condominium Council of Unit Owners v. Continental Insurance Company"
] | null | Refuted |
When eliminating bias tied to race becomes unavoidable, public officials may restrict freedom of belief. | [
"Bob Jones University v. United States"
] | null | Supported |
National systems for financial obligation settlement do not inhibit states from enacting driving privilege suspensions for traffic violation payment defaults. | [
"Kesler v. Dept. Of Public Safety"
] | null | Supported |
When a judge authorizes entry into a dwelling, law enforcement personnel must prevent non-government observers from witnessing the activity. | [
"Hanlon v. Berger"
] | null | Supported |
Financial penalties for underfunded retirement plans are not inherently characterized as a duty that would receive precedence over unsecured creditors in corporate reorganization. | [
"United States v. Reorganized CF& I Fab. of UT"
] | null | Refuted |
Government authorities cannot rely on an assumption of legal justification to evade responsibility for infringing upon protections enshrined in the supreme law. | [
"O'Connor v. Donaldson"
] | null | Refuted |
The Constitution affords no protection for deception toward U.S. law enforcement; false claims about unlawful conduct may be prosecuted irrespective of impact on investigations. | [
"Brogan v. United States"
] | null | Refuted |
States can have procedures where judges decide on death sentences after considering specific details about the crime and the person's background. | [
"Proffitt v. Florida"
] | Hurst v. Florida | Overruled |
Procedural defects violating foundational safeguards only affect the verdict when a probable material alteration of the outcome occurred. | [
"Davis v. Ayala"
] | Chapman v. California | Overruled |
Judges may refuse to grant legal representation to individuals who elected to represent themselves. | [
"Marshall v. Rodgers"
] | null | Supported |
A person outside government roles cannot commence legal proceedings for alleged breaches of constitutional districting rules without evidence of harm specific to their own circumstances. | [
"Lance v. Coffman"
] | null | Refuted |
A professional who evaluates work opportunities may provide adequate proof in entitlement decisions when no source documentation is shared, and this assessment cannot be universally considered insufficient. | [
"Biestek v. Berryhill"
] | null | Refuted |
Legislative authority permits limiting conscription registration to one sex when varying operational duties in hostile scenarios reasonably justify sex-based distinctions. | [
"Rostker v. Goldberg"
] | null | Refuted |
Incumbent wireline service providers must permit alternative providers to access their transmission facilities when a government agency possesses the statutory mandate to enforce this requirement under communication services legislation. | [
"AT&T Corporation v. Iowa Utilities Board"
] | null | Refuted |
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