claim stringlengths 47 415 | case_name listlengths 1 5 | overruling_case stringclasses 301
values | label stringclasses 3
values |
|---|---|---|---|
No educational institution may decline to cover health aid essential for student participation due to expense. | [
"Cedar Rapids Community School Dist. v. Garret F."
] | null | Supported |
If a person was subject to a federal sex offender registration requirement upon release from prison, Congress can subsequently modify those requirements and apply them to that person. | [
"United States v. Kebodeaux"
] | null | Refuted |
A ban on truthful communications regarding lawful pursuits may not be imposed solely on the grounds of general welfare issues without proof of a direct causal relationship between the prohibition and harm reduction. | [
"Greater New Orleans Broadcasting Assn., Inc. v. United States",
"Rubin v. Coors Brewing Company"
] | null | Refuted |
Statutes banning literary works due to judicial determination that text endangers young persons are constitutionally sound. | [
"Butler v. Michigan"
] | null | Refuted |
The commission of prohibited acts under controlled substances laws in conjunction with a group criminal undertaking imposes liability for all generated proceeds without regard to personal profit | [
"Honeycutt v. United States"
] | null | Refuted |
Laws that restrict voting must have a very strong justification to be constitutional. | [
"Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections"
] | null | Supported |
Releasing toxic materials into water bodies governed by federal pollution control laws without authorization does not necessitate a court order to stop, even if other sanctions exist. | [
"Weinberger v. Romero-Barcelo"
] | null | Refuted |
Within government plazas open to all citizens, individuals articulate faith-based opinions on par with every other opinion. | [
"Capitol Square Review and Advisory Bd. v. Pinette"
] | null | Supported |
A patent owner seeking a permanent injunction must demonstrate irreparable harm and the inadequacy of monetary damages, in addition to balancing hardships and public interest, even if a patent violation is proven. | [
"eBay Inc. v. MercExchange, L.L.C."
] | null | Refuted |
For capital defendants unable to afford an attorney, a psychiatrist employed by the state's legal division provides sufficient representation if skilled and findings shared with the opposing counsel. | [
"McWilliams v. Dunn"
] | null | Refuted |
The federal agency managing trade between U.S. states and foreign nations sets pricing for goods movement across domestic and international borders. | [
"Canada Packers, Ltd. v. Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway Company"
] | null | Refuted |
Police may search a vehicle incident to a lawful arrest only if it is reasonable to believe the vehicle contains evidence of the offense for which the arrest was made or the arrestee has access to the vehicle at the time of the search. | [
"Arizona v. Gant"
] | null | Refuted |
Individuals charged with crimes must be able to see those making allegations in person, and hiding these individuals during testimony fails to improve truth assessment. | [
"Coy v. Iowa"
] | null | Refuted |
Legal authorization exists for banning election campaigns in municipal conveyances for preventing bias and involuntary passenger exposure. | [
"Lehman v. City of Shaker Heights"
] | Metromedia, Inc. v. City of San Diego | Overruled |
Government officials must go to court to justify blocking speech instead of requiring the speaker to seek permission first. | [
"Southeastern Promotions, Ltd. v. Conrad"
] | null | Supported |
Nations may bar foreign nationals for political ideology without infringing the audience's constitutional right to receive information. | [
"Kleindienst v. Mandel"
] | null | Refuted |
During judicial approval for uniting plaintiffs, defendants may submit evidence showing the effect of disputed inaccuracies on asset valuations in litigation related to deceptive financial disclosures. | [
"Halliburton Co. v. Erica P. John Fund, Inc."
] | null | Refuted |
Federal courts need not refrain from adjudicating a case merely because of a concurrent state proceeding on a comparable legal question. | [
"Sprint Communications Co. v. Jacobs"
] | null | Refuted |
The U.S. Supreme Court cannot directly hear appeals about local laws from federal district courts; those appeals must first go to a federal appeals court. | [
"Perez v. Ledesma"
] | null | Supported |
Fiscal impositions on Article III judicial personnel's earnings violate the constitutional mandate for unchanged remuneration during service, and upward adjustments do not cure this breach. | [
"United States v. Hatter"
] | null | Refuted |
Plaintiffs are barred from using concealed harm to extend litigation filing deadlines for federal anti-racketeering cases without proving prudent diligence in uncovering the source. | [
"Klehr v. A. O. Smith Corporation"
] | null | Supported |
The societal burden of allowing non-citizens to remain during immigration status determination exceeds the value of excluding evidence derived from unconstitutional seizures, particularly where established oversight frameworks prevent misconduct. | [
"INS v. Lopez-Mendoza"
] | null | Refuted |
When an individual enters a civil proceeding to obtain remedies distinct from the initial filer's demands, they are obligated to verify personal stake in the core legal controversy. | [
"Town of Chester v. Laroe Estates, Inc."
] | null | Supported |
The government is required to compensate a property owner when a regulation prevents all economically viable use of that property. | [
"Keystone Bituminous Coal Association. v. DeBenedictis"
] | null | Refuted |
Individuals can use their Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination to refuse producing corporate records, especially when the corporation is a small, closely-held entity functioning as the individual's alter ego. | [
"Braswell v. United States"
] | null | Refuted |
Federal law preempts state courts from allocating military income forfeited to secure compensation for duty-related health impairments during dissolution of marriage. | [
"Howell v. Howell"
] | null | Supported |
Government custody of noncitizens past statutory exit deadlines must not exceed duration to accomplish expulsion within constitutional guidelines, as assessed by federal courts. | [
"Zadvydas v. Davis"
] | null | Refuted |
Government agencies cannot impose rates for public utilities before receiving final approval, even if those rates are reasonable. | [
"United States v. City of Fulton"
] | null | Refuted |
Eligibility for federal cash assistance hinges on medical conditions preventing employment persisting for a minimum period of one year. | [
"Barnhart v. Walton"
] | null | Refuted |
Communications that incite immediate criminal activity may be prohibited by the government without violating constitutional standards. | [
"Schenck v. United States"
] | null | Supported |
If a party disputes application of a ruling developed after the relevant facts, courts must resolve its applicability to past scenarios before addressing substantive grounds, regardless of the adversary's advocacy regarding timing. | [
"Horn v. Banks"
] | null | Refuted |
When plaintiff's pre-submission obligations remain unfulfilled, the court may order reimbursement of legal costs to the party being sued. | [
"CRST Van Expedited v. EEOC"
] | null | Supported |
Entering a destination not authorized in one's government-issued identification does not violate federal regulations when this identification meets all requirements for other jurisdictions. | [
"Travis v. United States"
] | null | Supported |
Administrative bodies may confer singular use privileges to a group when necessary for completing their mandated tasks, even while denying others those privileges. | [
"Perry Education Association v. Perry Local Educators' Association"
] | null | Refuted |
When the accused provides personal background to challenge capital punishment, the state may present factual details about the crime's adverse consequences and impacts on survivors. | [
"Payne v. Tennessee"
] | null | Supported |
The government must obtain a criminal conviction before destroying materials deemed obscene. | [
"Kingsley Books, Inc. v. Brown"
] | null | Refuted |
Following the conclusion of a motor vehicle seizure, authorities must immediately release the driver unless objective facts indicate illegal behavior. | [
"Rodriguez v. United States"
] | null | Supported |
Charitable groups relaying no-fee attorney assistance to prospective individuals receive constitutional safeguards when acting to uphold fundamental rights. | [
"In re Primus"
] | null | Supported |
Federal government workers are entitled to the presence of a workplace advocate during meetings led by department personnel when those sessions may trigger job sanctions. | [
"National Aeronautics and Space Administration v. Federal Labor Relations Authority"
] | null | Supported |
National workplace standards apply to public-sector organizations without constitutional immunity barriers. | [
"Maryland v. Wirtz"
] | null | Supported |
Laws requiring gender-specific payment thresholds conflict with the founding document's protection of voluntary agreements. | [
"West Coast Hotel Company v. Parrish"
] | null | Refuted |
Enforcing behavioral compliance via court orders is restricted to those with statutory obligations under the federal retirement benefits law. | [
"Harris Trust & Savings Bank v. Salomon Smith Barney, Inc."
] | null | Refuted |
Incriminating statements produced during an unlawful seizure are typically inadmissible in judicial settings unless an intervening event severs the causal connection to the constitutional violation. | [
"Dunaway v. New York"
] | Chapman v. California | Overruled |
Jurisdictional laws must not permit a lawmaking body where less than half the residents elect more than half of its members. | [
"Lucas v. Forty-Fourth General Assembly of Colorado",
"Reynolds v. Sims",
"United Jewish Organizations of Williamsburgh, Inc. v. Carey"
] | null | Supported |
The federal agency tasked with environmental regulation may ascribe distinct meanings to a recurring phrase within different statutory components of the air emissions control law depending on contextual requirements. | [
"Environmental Defense v. Duke Energy Corp."
] | null | Supported |
A government benefit cannot require one gender to prove something that the other gender does not. | [
"Frontiero v. Richardson"
] | null | Supported |
Government-issued articles of incorporation form an enforceable agreement immune to governmental interference. | [
"Trustees of Dartmouth College v. Woodward"
] | null | Refuted |
Regulatory restrictions on cost disclosure for lawfully sold items impede shoppers from acquiring critical data to make informed purchasing decisions. | [
"44 Liquormart Inc. v. Rhode Island"
] | null | Supported |
Federal agencies cannot make decisions that are unreasonable or without a good reason. | [
"United States v. Texas"
] | null | Supported |
A government-issued order for forcible removal has binding effect on custody even during assessment of threat-based protection requests, and applicants have no right to case-specific release security evaluations. | [
"Johnson v. Guzman Chavez"
] | null | Refuted |
Administrative leadership invoking non-prejudiced explanations for employment actions is obligated to show that the outcome was unalterable without reference to statutorily shielded parameters. | [
"Mt. Healthy City Bd. of Ed. v. Doyle",
"Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins"
] | null | Refuted |
Inconsistencies in a prosecutor's presentation of facts across multiple trials do not necessarily invalidate a defendant's sentence, even if those inconsistencies relate to the basis for that sentence. | [
"Bradshaw v. Stumpf"
] | null | Refuted |
Public statements supporting violent regime replacement may face criminal penalties irrespective of any connection to pressing physical harm or future breaches of law. | [
"Dennis v. United States",
"Gitlow v. New York"
] | null | Refuted |
Employees whose primary duty is making sales are exempt from overtime pay, even if they do not directly receive payment from customers. | [
"Christopher v. SmithKline"
] | null | Refuted |
Keeping pornographic media at home is legal; authorities cannot ban viewing it there. | [
"Stanley v. Georgia"
] | null | Refuted |
Failure to abide by judicial mandates subjects the individual to penalties notwithstanding legal claims. | [
"Brown v. United States",
"Harris v. United States"
] | null | Refuted |
Attorneys are required to inform clients that accepting criminal responsibility may permanently end their right to live in the United States. | [
"Padilla v. Kentucky"
] | null | Supported |
State governments cannot elevate vehicle registration costs for interstate freight operators by rescinding earlier mutual arrangements that led to lower or excused payment requirements because the standard rate must reflect what was levied or procured previously. | [
"Yellow Transportation, Inc. v. Michigan"
] | null | Refuted |
The government cannot compel individuals to communicate a message they disagree with, even if the government has an interest in promoting that message. | [
"Wooley v. Maynard"
] | null | Refuted |
Land created through infilling areas previously beneath the water's surface belongs to the governing entity holding pre-existing exclusive authority over those spaces, irrespective of any prior compact defining boundary demarcations and transferring control of adjacent formerly underwater tracts to another political di... | [
"New Jersey v. New York"
] | null | Refuted |
A charge requiring demonstration of willful purpose to unlawfully take property may be subsumed under a more serious violation that does not necessitate separate demonstration of that purpose, provided all its necessary components are embedded in the greater violation's requirements. | [
"Carter v. United States"
] | null | Refuted |
Accidental loss of data critical to the case fails to distort the accused's entitlement to an impartial process. | [
"Arizona v. Youngblood"
] | null | Supported |
The person accused of a crime may contest a jury member's prejudicial views rooted in race irrespective of differences in their races. | [
"Pena-Rodriguez v. Colorado",
"Powers v. Ohio"
] | null | Refuted |
If the law says doing something is a crime, the government cannot also remove other rights or benefits for that same action unless the law allows it. | [
"Leedom v. International Union of Mine, Mill & Smelter Workers"
] | null | Supported |
Where lawsuits allege wrongdoing by state government personnel during enforcement actions beyond tribal lands, these must be filed in judicial institutions not operated by indigenous sovereigns. | [
"Nevada v. Hicks"
] | null | Supported |
Utility companies can only renegotiate long-term energy contracts if the existing contract would cause serious harm to the public interest. | [
"Morgan Stanley Capital Group Inc. v. Public Utility District No. 1 of Snohomish County"
] | null | Supported |
State police can check a person's immigration status during a lawful detention, but only if they follow federal rules and do not consider race or ethnicity. | [
"Arizona v. United States"
] | null | Supported |
Individuals terminated for providing sworn testimony in judicial proceedings may pursue civil damages against the responsible entity. | [
"Haddle v. Garrison"
] | null | Supported |
Only individuals enumerated by statute may obtain payment entitlements. | [
"Lamie v. United States Trustee"
] | null | Supported |
Government entities can define the meaning of unclear laws, even when that definition draws on past legislative discussions or reasoning beyond the text's explicit wording. | [
"Zuni Public School Dist. No. 89 v. Department of Education"
] | null | Refuted |
A spouse does not need the employer's approval to settle with third parties before the worker's death. | [
"Ingalls Shipbuilding, Inc. v. Director, Office of Workers' Compensation Programs"
] | null | Supported |
An educational institution incurs legal accountability when violations of student protections occur if those in control had awareness or a duty to discern the illegality embedded in their operational decisions. | [
"Wood v. Strickland"
] | null | Refuted |
Statutory rules requiring the identification of those who finance electoral speech do not conflict with the nation's legal framework when the speech does not contain an express plea to vote for or against individuals in political office. | [
"Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission"
] | null | Refuted |
Governments have authority to enforce lifespan-based restrictions on service in roles where bodily fitness is crucial for societal protection, provided they are reasonable. | [
"Massachusetts Board of Retirement v. Murgia"
] | null | Supported |
Laws creating disparities in obtaining pregnancy prevention items between married and unmarried individuals must be supported by a sufficient reason. | [
"Eisenstadt v. Baird"
] | null | Supported |
Appellate entities retain power to analyze administrative decisions on proceeding restoration even when unable to determine if restoration is warranted. | [
"Reyes Mata v. Lynch"
] | null | Supported |
The U.S. Constitution imposes no duty on states to fund lawyers for persons who cannot afford them when challenging guilty verdicts. | [
"Murray v. Giarratano"
] | null | Refuted |
When deciding on the appropriate consequence for wrongdoing, a person's choice not to speak should not be used to establish the details surrounding the event. | [
"Mitchell v. United States"
] | null | Refuted |
The judicial duty of Article III judges encompasses examining the credibility of all expert-derived evidence presented under oath, without regard to whether it originates from academic, occupational, or experiential sources. | [
"General Electric Company v. Joiner",
"Kumho Tire Company, Ltd. v. Carmichael"
] | null | Refuted |
U.S. nationality may be withdrawn due to conscription avoidance without judicial proceedings. | [
"Kennedy v. Mendoza-Martinez"
] | null | Refuted |
State-run learning facilities may take punitive measures against enrollees for messages delivered outside premises if they demonstrate potential to harm the institution, its staff, fellow participants, or educational courses. | [
"Mahanoy Area School District v. B.L."
] | null | Refuted |
Government-accredited school attendance preserves liberty to voice opinions; personnel must substantiate significant obstruction to educational aims before curtailing these acts. | [
"Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District"
] | null | Refuted |
Each jurisdiction must acknowledge decrees issued by its counterparts when the issuing body exercised authority pursuant to its own laws. | [
"V.L. v. E.L."
] | Franchise Tax Board of California v. Hyatt | Overruled |
Filing a lawsuit on governmental conduct necessitates showing particularized damage from the precise measure; simply being physically present in regions where it has effect is inadequate for standing. | [
"Lujan v. National Wildlife Federation"
] | United Food & Commercial Workers v. Brown Group, Inc. | Overruled |
Law enforcement officials are forbidden from creating a concealed obstruction along a roadway that drivers cannot detect early enough to cease motion safely. | [
"Brower v. Inyo County"
] | null | Supported |
When statute mandates revocation of designations following marriage dissolution, no rational observer would anticipate prior parties maintaining death benefit rights. | [
"Sveen v. Melin"
] | null | Supported |
Statutory definitions control over historical understandings of a term, even if the definition includes entities not traditionally considered within that category. | [
"Yellen v. Confederated Tribes of the Chehalis Reservation"
] | null | Refuted |
Police officers are required to inform a suspect of their Miranda rights before questioning them. | [
"New York v. Quarles"
] | null | Refuted |
Regulations banning physical proximity to individuals seeking medical treatment beyond safety necessity are unlawful. | [
"Madsen v. Women's Health Center, Inc."
] | null | Supported |
A person held in custody who does not unambiguously demonstrate that their assertion ties to the U.S. Constitution when appearing before jurisdictional courts creates a barrier to national judicial consideration. | [
"Baldwin v. Reese"
] | Johnson v. City of Shelby; Stewart v. Smith | Overruled |
State authorities may enact prohibitions against medical personnel providing assistance that results in the death of individuals under treatment. | [
"Vacco v. Quill",
"Washington v. Glucksberg"
] | null | Supported |
State licensing bodies must treat all applicants equally regarding professions that drive national commerce. | [
"Supreme Court of Virginia v. Friedman"
] | null | Refuted |
Using race as a factor in employment decisions, even to achieve diversity or provide role models, is legally permissible. | [
"Wygant v. Jackson Board of Education"
] | null | Refuted |
Federal legislative mandates that wireline television service providers carry terrestrial television stations do not infringe on their constitutional protections against compelled speech. | [
"Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. v. Federal Communications Commission"
] | null | Refuted |
Physical aggression directed to securing assets is the sole target of the statute on economic disruption, while any other physical assault falls outside its scope. | [
"Scheidler v. National Organization for Women, Inc."
] | null | Refuted |
State civil justice systems can hold defense industry suppliers responsible for physical harm resulting from technical specification shortfalls. | [
"Boyle v. United Technologies Corporation"
] | null | Refuted |
Federal law blocks subfederal legal actions involving air transportation agreements when they address commercial air travel pricing, route schedules, or service parameters. | [
"Northwest, Inc. v. Ginsberg"
] | null | Refuted |
Sanctions for defiant courtroom behavior require verification of intentional actions and procedural harm before enforcement. | [
"Pounders v. Watson"
] | null | Refuted |
Constitutional principles do not demand equivalence between judicial scrutiny for claims stemming from the passage of time versus ethnic traits or sex characteristics, and the federal lawmaking process lacks power to impose stricter judicial burdens upon subnational jurisdictions through legislation. | [
"Kimel v. Florida Board of Regents"
] | null | Refuted |
Non-presentation of an argument that prosecution time limits have expired during the initial court proceedings precludes appellate review without justification for the omission. | [
"Musacchio v. United States"
] | null | Supported |
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