claim stringlengths 47 415 | case_name listlengths 1 5 | overruling_case stringclasses 301
values | label stringclasses 3
values |
|---|---|---|---|
Under IDEA, a school district may be required to reimburse a former student for private school tuition even if the student withdrew from public school unilaterally and for reasons unrelated to their disability, if the public school failed to provide a free and appropriate public education. | [
"Forest Grove School District v. T.A."
] | null | Refuted |
Law enforcement need not secure prior judicial approval when visually scanning private land from areas where aircraft regularly fly. | [
"California v. Ciraolo"
] | null | Supported |
Intentional misrepresentations on fiscal documents that reduce government funds by more than ten thousand dollars are adjudicated as deceptive offenses affecting lawful presence. | [
"Kawashima v. Holder"
] | null | Supported |
The constitutional protection of private association empowers organizations to exclude individuals based on gender, even when outside parties attend their gatherings. | [
"Board of Directors, Rotary International v. Rotary Club of Duarte"
] | null | Refuted |
Court approval for evidence-gathering costs requires the central legal argument to be tenable at submission. | [
"Ayestas v. Davis"
] | null | Refuted |
Governing bodies lack the authority to bar the media from revealing content unless they prove urgent and unambiguous danger to the nation's safety, merely due to possible harm to international ties or the country's interests. | [
"New York Times Company v. United States"
] | null | Refuted |
Discourse addressing those in authority may only be curtailed by state entities when it meets the definition of sexually explicit material or is likely to precipitate immediate violent behavior. | [
"St. Amant v. Thompson",
"Tennessee Secondary School Athletic Association v. Brentwood Academy"
] | null | Supported |
During judicial proceedings with multiple accused persons, a self-incriminating statement containing clearly visible omissions marked as 'censored' impairs the co-accused's entitlement to cross-examine the declarant. | [
"Gray v. Maryland"
] | null | Supported |
The constitutional right to expression remains unimpeded by government funding of particular creative endeavors over others, as these selections stem from budgetary processes rather than communication-restricting measures. | [
"National Endowment for the Arts v. Finley"
] | null | Supported |
Employment remuneration rules set by states are unimpeded by federal welfare statutes. | [
"California Division of Labor Standards Enforcement v. Dillingham Construction, N.A."
] | null | Supported |
Submerged lands within a tribal reservation are owned by the state, not by the federal government for the tribe's benefit. | [
"Idaho v. United States"
] | null | Refuted |
Federal authorities are required to implement viable options that exclude persons with faith-based objections from service provision when feasible. | [
"Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores"
] | null | Supported |
Courts are not required to hold a fact-finding gathering before reincarcerating individuals under non-custodial supervision for violations. | [
"Gagnon v. Scarpelli"
] | null | Refuted |
A claim that detention was retaliatory for expression remains viable even in the presence of adequate evidence supporting the state's action. | [
"Lozman v. City of Riviera Beach, Florida"
] | Nieves v. Bartlett | Overruled |
Public authorities cannot ban contractors from public projects based solely on electoral stances or civic organization memberships without proving a connection to task performance. | [
"O'Hare Truck Service, Inc. v. City of Northlake"
] | null | Refuted |
Claiming innocence alone, without any constitutional errors in the trial, requires evidence so strong that it's nearly certain the person is innocent, but the law does not define exactly how strong that evidence must be. | [
"House v. Bell"
] | null | Supported |
Government property takings to address harm do not implicate constitutional prohibitions against multiple prosecutions for identical offenses, regardless of resulting convictions | [
"United States v. Ursery"
] | null | Refuted |
Adjusting welfare benefits based on household income does not violate the Constitution's protection against taking property without compensation. | [
"Bowen v. Gilliard"
] | null | Supported |
United States courts must assess contested material facts in guilty verdict challenge applications before authorizing an inquiry. | [
"Townsend v. Sain"
] | null | Refuted |
Constitutional safeguards against arbitrary police actions demand a justification for halting an automobile that exceeds mere hunches or stereotypes. | [
"United States v. Brignoni-Ponce"
] | null | Supported |
The government cannot ban speech just because it's offensive; it must prove the speech has no value to society. | [
"Reno v. ACLU"
] | null | Supported |
Automatic railcar joining and separation without human intervention is required by statute; connection component misalignment contravenes this obligation. | [
"Norfolk & Western Railway Company v. Hiles"
] | null | Refuted |
Statements from colleagues who experienced comparable mistreatment may be allowed when addressing company-wide systemic problems. | [
"Sprint/United Management Co. v. Mendelsohn"
] | null | Refuted |
Companies must not engage in exclusionary practices against another entity to alter provisions in unrelated transactions. | [
"Hartford Fire Insurance Company v. California"
] | Leegin Creative Leather Products, Inc. v. PSKS, Inc. | Overruled |
Restrictions on financial contributions from incorporated entities to elections for Congress and the presidency are legally permissible in order to prevent undue sway over voting outcomes. | [
"Federal Election Commission v. Beaumont"
] | First National Bank of Boston v. Bellotti | Overruled |
The federal law managing shared infrastructure connections encompasses installations delivering streaming video and broadband data services. | [
"National Cable and Telecommunications Association v. Gulf Power Company"
] | null | Refuted |
Mandatory contributions to fund independent messaging could contravene constitutional expression guarantees, whereas publicly organized communications are permissible under constitutional law. | [
"Johanns v. Livestock Marketing Association"
] | Janus v. American Federation of State, County, and Municipal Employees, Council 31 | Overruled |
Federal law protects employees from retaliation for opposing discriminatory practices, even if the retaliation is directed at someone who did not directly oppose the practices but is closely associated with someone who did. | [
"Thompson v. North American Stainless, LP"
] | null | Refuted |
Legal provisions across U.S. jurisdictions provide redress for death resulting from negligence in waterway accidents where the deceased lacked ship-based occupational ties. | [
"Yamaha Motor Corporation, U.S.A. v. Calhoun"
] | null | Supported |
Government-backed loan protections for temporary occupancy properties remain valid if original legislation had no explicit prohibition despite subsequent bans. | [
"Federal Housing Administration v. The Darlington, Inc."
] | null | Refuted |
When individuals pursue claims against public authorities regarding breaches of foundational protections tied to land utilization, a citizen panel is available to resolve factual issues. | [
"City of Monterey v. Del Monte Dunes at Monterey"
] | null | Supported |
Disputes resolved through private one-on-one processes prevent employees from joining multi-plaintiff court proceedings. | [
"Epic Systems Corp. v. Lewis"
] | American Express Co., et al. v. Italian Colors Restaurant | Overruled |
Indigenous sovereign nations' judicial bodies cannot adjudicate disputes between non-Indian parties originating from motor vehicle accidents on roadways managed by sub-national governments under federal easement grants within indigenous territories unless expressly authorized by congressional legislation or federal-ind... | [
"Strate v. A-1 Contractors",
"United States v. Lara"
] | null | Refuted |
Sovereign jurisdiction over who may approach defense sites suffices for trespass enforcement without requiring exclusive property rights. | [
"United States v. Apel"
] | null | Supported |
To satisfy the standard for adequate defense, advocates must dispute all materials provided by prosecutors when accepted as credible within their professional discipline during judicial proceedings. | [
"Maryland v. Kulbicki"
] | null | Refuted |
Per U.S. Code Title 26, section 3231(e)(1), duty is levied for itemized cash payments only; equity-linked rewards are not currency and thus not assessed. | [
"Wisconsin Central Ltd. v. United States"
] | BNSF Railway Co. v. Loos | Overruled |
Electoral financial ceilings that are inadequate and unindexed to cost-of-living changes may contravene constitutional free expression protections. | [
"Thompson v. Hebdon"
] | null | Supported |
The government must prove the substance in a drug conviction is regulated by federal law to deport someone. | [
"Mellouli v. Lynch"
] | null | Supported |
Educational institutions may not require instructors to be absent after a child's arrival without clinical justification. | [
"Cleveland Board of Education v. LaFleur"
] | null | Supported |
Penalties may be imposed on civil service personnel who submit inaccurate information during agency probes concerning suspected wrongdoing. | [
"Lachance v. Erickson"
] | null | Refuted |
In racketeering civil cases, the filing deadline is 4 years past discovery of injury, regardless of insight into the criminal schemes responsible. | [
"Rotella v. Wood"
] | null | Supported |
A past experience of harm alone does not prove the harm will happen again. | [
"City of Los Angeles v. Lyons"
] | null | Supported |
A violent crime that spans multiple states allows the firearm charge to be filed in any of those states. | [
"United States v. Rodriguez-Moreno"
] | null | Supported |
Imposing chemical interventions without consent during judicial proceedings can distort behavior, introducing procedural inequity. | [
"Riggins v. Nevada"
] | null | Supported |
Binding resolution of multiple claims in a unified proceeding requires agreement-specific language authorizing such joint adjudication. | [
"Green Tree Financial Corp. v. Bazzle"
] | Stolt-Nielsen v. Animalfeeds International Corp. | Overruled |
Allegations of obstructing judicial process do not entitle compensation for irreversible harm. | [
"Christopher v. Harbury"
] | null | Supported |
In proceedings where the ultimate sanction applies, the sentencing panel's unanimous agreement on mitigating circumstances is unnecessary. | [
"Buchanan v. Angelone",
"Smith v. Spisak"
] | null | Supported |
Federal courts consider state court dismissals of post-conviction motions as addressing core issues despite absence of federal legal standards in state opinions. | [
"Johnson v. Williams"
] | Wilson v. Sellers | Overruled |
When a federal authority has legal power to oversee commercial activities and consistently implements regulations, individual competition law claims regarding those activities cannot be pursued. | [
"Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC v. Billing"
] | Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Waffle House, Inc.; FTC v. Phoebe Putney Health System; Susan B. Anthony List v. Driehaus | Overruled |
Measures restricted to circumstances devoid of competing offers satisfy constitutional non-discrimination standards where owners face financial-regulatory adversity. | [
"Metro Broadcasting, Inc. v. Federal Communications Commission"
] | null | Supported |
State authorities may publicly disseminate information related to criminal convictions based on final judicial determinations with no requirement for pre-disclosure challenges. | [
"Connecticut Department of Public Safety v. Doe"
] | null | Supported |
Judicial oversight of credible fear determinations for foreign nationals in swift deportation proceedings is not mandated by the U.S. founding document. | [
"Department of Homeland Security v. Thuraissigiam"
] | null | Supported |
Government employers are obligated to establish a reasonable foundation for termination based on expressive activity, yet are not required to perform a detailed inquiry. | [
"Waters v. Churchill"
] | null | Supported |
When a business entity's service fees surpass legally acceptable thresholds, reimbursement to consumers for excess payments is required irrespective of regional charge allocation. | [
"Federal Power Commission v. Tennessee Gas Transmission Company"
] | null | Supported |
The person commencing legal proceedings cannot establish a fixed indemnity amount without court-approved group status, causing federal courts to retain authority if the sum of all compensatory claims tops $5,000,000. | [
"Standard Fire Insurance Company v. Knowles"
] | null | Supported |
Challenges to environmental agency decisions on contaminant release thresholds may proceed to appellate courts without needing administrative resolution first. | [
"Crown Simpson Pulp Company v. Costle"
] | null | Refuted |
Government bodies may sanction personnel for reporting unfair treatment due to longevity. | [
"Gómez-Pérez v. Potter"
] | null | Refuted |
Education sector personnel may be individually responsible for compensatory payments when their actions later contravene a student's rights under the supreme law, despite behaving prudently during the incident. | [
"Morse v. Frederick",
"Safford Unified School District v. Redding"
] | null | Refuted |
Educational authorities cannot impose suspensions with no defined end date for learners whose disabilities result in threatening conduct or classroom chaos, regardless of the nature of the behavior. | [
"Honig v. Doe"
] | null | Refuted |
Business practices that demonstrably alter cross-state commerce flows may fall within federal jurisdiction, regardless of the connection's immediacy. | [
"National Labor Relations Board v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corporation"
] | null | Supported |
To prove the harm arising from deficient attorney guidance about a prosecutorial pretrial resolution proposal, the defendant must establish that they would have consented to the conditions, the court would have ratified them, and the disposition would be less severe than resulting from trial. | [
"Lafler v. Cooper",
"Lee v. United States",
"Missouri v. Frye"
] | null | Refuted |
When government employees act to implement a corporate entity's exclusionary rules related to heritage, the action is deemed governmental and unconstitutional. | [
"Griffin v. Maryland"
] | null | Supported |
The nation's bedrock legal framework protects citizens' right to choose a spouse without restrictions tied to ancestral lineage. | [
"Loving v. Virginia"
] | null | Supported |
Federal statutory provisions prohibit judicial authorities in states from apportioning veterans' armed forces pensions waived to obtain compensation for service-related injuries. | [
"Howell v. Howell"
] | null | Supported |
A law requiring permits for businesses does not violate free speech just because it doesn't have specific wording about courts acting quickly. The law is constitutional if courts usually resolve appeals without unnecessary delays. | [
"City of Littleton v. Z.J. Gifts D-4, L.L.C."
] | McCullen v. Coakley | Overruled |
Corrective educational programs addressing consequences of historical race-based separation are to be supplied by schools under judicial mandate, with financial obligations assigned to state governments. | [
"Milliken v. Bradley"
] | null | Refuted |
When assessing whether a government measure has resulted in a property deprivation necessitating compensation, land sections that lie in physical proximity and are owned by a single entity must be viewed as an integrated whole rather than separate components. | [
"Murr v. Wisconsin"
] | null | Refuted |
Confiscation of monetary assets by federal authorities is prohibited when cross-border movement remains undisclosed and involves no criminal misconduct or fiscal harm to the Treasury. | [
"United States v. Bajakajian"
] | null | Refuted |
Monetary relief imposed on a sovereign in a foreign court must not exceed the forum's payment obligations for analogous disputes involving the forum's administrative bodies. | [
"Franchise Tax Board of California v. Hyatt"
] | null | Supported |
Materials procured through unconstitutional means may be considered during the panel's review for formal charges. | [
"United States v. Calandra"
] | Gelbard v. United States | Overruled |
The legal entitlement to disability accommodations remains intact even if the child's educational setting is faith-based. | [
"Zobrest v. Catalina Foothills School District"
] | null | Supported |
When a statute employs language concerning the gathering of people to overthrow state power, its interpretation is restricted to the initial creation of a previously nonexistent entity, not sustained operations within a preestablished collective. | [
"Yates v. United States"
] | null | Supported |
A court must dismiss an appeal if the notice of appeal is not signed, even if it was filed on time and meets all other requirements, and even if the appellant subsequently provides a signature when notified of the omission. | [
"Becker v. Montgomery"
] | null | Refuted |
Courts can block evidence of a witness's past actions to show they lie, unless those actions were crimes involving dishonesty. | [
"Nevada v. Jackson"
] | null | Supported |
When individuals in official roles apply biased policies at an independent facility, their conduct is governed by constitutional requirements. | [
"Griffin v. Maryland"
] | null | Refuted |
Governmental restraint of personal freedom does not occur merely due to pursuit; bodily contact or submission to directives is necessary for legal recognition. | [
"Brown v. Texas",
"California v. Hodari D.",
"Dunaway v. New York",
"Kaupp v. Texas",
"Michigan v. Chesternut"
] | null | Supported |
Professionals may include professional credentials issued by independent bodies in business materials provided the criteria are defined clearly and the presented details demonstrate truthfulness. | [
"Peel v. Attorney Registration and Disciplinary Commission of Illinois"
] | null | Supported |
Actions taken following the expiration of a legislatively established period for governmental operations do not automatically lose their legal validity, irrespective of the presence of duty-imposing wordings. | [
"Barnhart v. Peabody Coal Company"
] | null | Refuted |
Government agencies are legally obligated to release an individual's criminal records to the public, and privacy concerns cannot justify withholding this information. | [
"Department of Justice v. Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press"
] | null | Refuted |
Whether a court order can be appealed depends on whether it is final, not on whether the issue is ready for the court to decide. | [
"United States v. Jose"
] | null | Supported |
Federal courts can only hear cases where there is an immediate threat of harm caused by a law or regulation. | [
"Summers v. Earth Island Institute"
] | Abbott Laboratories v. Gardner; Bond v. United States; City of Chicago v. International College of Surgeons; Norton v. Southern Utah Wilderness Alliance; Sisson v. Ruby; Williams v. Taylor | Overruled |
Safety screening operations must follow strict procedures that avoid stops lacking proper justification. | [
"Michigan Department of State Police v. Sitz"
] | null | Supported |
When a crime targets someone because of their race, the law can consider the extra harm done to the victim and community when deciding the sentence. | [
"Wisconsin v. Mitchell"
] | null | Supported |
Confidential discussions between a legal advisor and the person being served retain immunity from compelled disclosure even after the individual's demise. | [
"Swidler & Berlin v. United States"
] | null | Refuted |
Taxpayer financial support for faith-affiliated learning centers fails constitutional muster owing to continuous content verification needs to remove faith-based influences from curriculum. | [
"Lemon v. Kurtzman"
] | Espinoza v. Montana Department of Revenue; Zobrest v. Catalina Foothills School District | Overruled |
Sovereign immunity shields states from litigation in U.S. courts irrespective of third-party indemnification sources. | [
"Regents of University of California v. Doe"
] | Franchise Tax Board of California v. Hyatt | Overruled |
For circumstances where a crime is currently in progress, communication to law enforcement for immediate intervention creates admissible records that do not necessitate the speaker's appearance to provide evidence under questioning. | [
"Davis v. Washington"
] | null | Supported |
Judicial orders enforcing constitutional compliance must be dissolved only after educational institutions prove no bias-based distinctions. | [
"Board of Education of Oklahoma City Public Schools v. Dowell"
] | null | Supported |
Agencies must base decisions on evidence related to the specific legal question, and cannot rely on factors unrelated to those costs or revenues, even if they believe doing so will lead to a fair outcome. | [
"Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Company v. Aberdeen & Rockfish Railroad Company"
] | null | Refuted |
The constitutional prohibition on cruel and unusual punishments does not block capital punishment for individuals who underwent a constitutionally adequate judicial process, regardless of subsequent evidence indicating they did not commit the crime. | [
"Herrera v. Collins"
] | Coker v. Georgia | Overruled |
Any demonstration of unjustifiable favoritism by panel members must be disclosed to the court before the conclusion of the case; following the issuance of the judgment, such information based on private discussions has no legal bearing. | [
"Warger v. Shauers"
] | null | Supported |
National statutes prohibit denying real estate sales or rentals based on race. | [
"Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Company",
"Shaare Tefila Congregation v. Cobb"
] | null | Supported |
If procedural standards offer judicial latitude to waive mandates, jurisdictions can still preclude national assessment of their adjudicatory outcomes. | [
"Beard v. Kindler"
] | Kucana v. Holder; Moore v. Sims; National Association for the Advancement of Colored People v. Alabama ex rel. Flowers; Ohio Civil Rights Commission v. Dayton Christian Public Schools, Inc. | Overruled |
Commercial appraisal alone is insufficient to classify an asset as liable for tax when paid in currency. | [
"Wisconsin Central Ltd. v. United States"
] | null | Refuted |
An individual charged with a crime cannot legally obtain specifics about the person who contributed to the offense and is central to the government's case, no matter how critical their provided evidence is to the accused's rebuttal. | [
"Roviaro v. United States"
] | null | Refuted |
Denying benefits for unauthorized border crossings before statute passage does not contravene the legally permissible temporal scope of legislation. | [
"Fernandez-Vargas v. Gonzales"
] | null | Refuted |
Truthful commercial communications about professional offerings are shielded by constitutional free speech protections. | [
"Bates v. State Bar of Arizona",
"Bigelow v. Virginia"
] | null | Supported |
Federal courts must consider all possible reasons that could explain a state court's decision, even if those reasons weren't mentioned. | [
"Sexton v. Beaudreaux"
] | Ohio Civil Rights Commission v. Dayton Christian Public Schools, Inc. | Overruled |
A guilty plea is not valid if subsequent evidence demonstrates the defendant did not genuinely understand the charges, even if counsel explained the charges and the defendant affirmed understanding at the time of the plea. | [
"Bradshaw v. Stumpf"
] | null | Refuted |
An individual initiating a case for the benefit of many may keep it in state court by setting a compensation cap, as this assurance applies to all involved before the court validates the group. | [
"Standard Fire Insurance Company v. Knowles"
] | null | Refuted |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.