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1,800 | Adverse effects of direct current cardioversion on cardiac pacemakers and electrodes Is external cardioversion contraindicated in patients with permanent pacing systems? | Use of pacing in sick sinus syndrome and recent developments in pacemaker therapy for intermittent atrial fibrillation raise the question of whether external electrical cardioversion should be used for termination of atrial fibrillation. This paper analyzes three cases of pacemaker and/or electrode dysfunction appearin... |
1,801 | Electrical storm in Brugada syndrome successfully treated using isoprenaline. | A case of an electrical storm occurring in a patient implanted with a cardioverter-defibrillator for Brugada syndrome is reported. Recurrent ventricular fibrillation was initiated by short-coupled isolated monomorphic ventricular premature beats probably originating from the right ventricular outflow tract, associated ... |
1,802 | Hibernating myocardium: chronically adapted to ischemia but vulnerable to sudden death. | The inability to reproduce spontaneous ventricular fibrillation in an animal model of chronic coronary artery disease has limited advances in understanding mechanisms of sudden cardiac death (SCD). Swine with hibernating myocardium arising from a chronic left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) occlusion have a h... |
1,803 | Atrial demand pacemakers in sick sinus syndrome: an efficient and reliable approach in selected patients. | Atrial demand pacemakers offer the advantages of lower cost and less cumbersome implantation in selected sick sinus syndrome patients with acceptable atrioventricular (AV) conduction. However, concerns about their long-term performance and AV conduction degeneration still worry certain implantation physicians. There we... |
1,804 | [Effect of daidzein on antiarrhythmia]. | To study the effect of Daidzein on Antiarrhythmia.</AbstractText>The conventional antiarrhythmia methods were used.</AbstractText>Daidzein was remarkedly effective in preventing ventricular fibrillation induced by chloroform in mice and arrhythmia induced by aconitine in rats. The arrhythmia induced by adrenalin in rab... |
1,805 | The impact of atrial prevention and termination therapies on atrial tachyarrhythmia burden in patients receiving a dual-chamber defibrillator for ventricular arrhythmias. | This prospective, multicenter, randomized trial evaluated the effects of atrial prevention and termination therapies on atrial tachyarrhythmia (ATA) burden in patients with a standard indication for an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD).</AbstractText>A Jewel AF or GEM III AT ICD was implanted in 451 patients... |
1,806 | Racial variation in the prevalence of atrial fibrillation among patients with heart failure: the Epidemiology, Practice, Outcomes, and Costs of Heart Failure (EPOCH) study. | This study was designed to determine the association between race and atrial fibrillation (AF) among patients with heart failure (HF).</AbstractText>Atrial fibrillation is known to complicate HF, but whether its prevalence varies by race, and the reasons why, are not well understood.</AbstractText>We identified adults ... |
1,807 | Detection of myocardial injury after internal cardioversion for atrial fibrillation. | Cardiac troponin levels do not rise to marked levels after external cardioversion of atrial fibrillation. Subsequent test discharges during implantation of cardioverter defibrillators may cause an elevation of cardiac troponin levels, but are still controversial.</AbstractText>To determine whether the biomarkers of car... |
1,808 | Inappropriate ICD therapy due to proarrhythmic ICD shocks and hyperpolarization. | A 50-year-old man with an ischemic cardiomyopathy underwent ICD implantation for inducible ventricular fibrillation (VF). Sixteen months later he experienced inappropriate ICD therapy due to atrial fibrillation with a rapid ventricular response. The initial shock resulted in the initiation of VF (proarrhythmia) and the... |
1,809 | Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy with left ventricular involvement and aortic dissection. | Ten years ago, a 59-year-old patient presented with ventricular fibrillations. The resting ECG showed findings typical for ARVC. Echocardiography and ventriculography confirmed the diagnosis of ARVC showing a dilated right ventricle with aneurysms. MRI showed additional fatty replacement of the LV. Furthermore, the dia... |
1,810 | Ventricular rate control during atrial fibrillation and AV node modifications: past, present, and future. | Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia. Currently there are two broad strategic treatment options for AF: rhythm control and rate control. For rhythm control, the treatment is directed toward restoring and maintaining the sinus rhythm. For rate control, the intention is to slow ventricular rate while al... |
1,811 | Feasibility of implantable cardioverter defibrillator use in elderly patients: a case series of octogenarians. | This article addresses the feasibility and safety of ICD therapy in patients >80 years of age. Recent trials have expanded the indication for ICD implantation to include an increasing number and variety of patients. The feasibility of ICD implantation in elderly patients has not been adequately studied. A prospectiv... |
1,812 | Effects of pretreatment with intravenous flecainide on efficacy of external cardioversion of persistent atrial fibrillation. | Electrical cardioversion is the most effective and safe method to restore sinus rhythm in patients with persistent AF. However, at least 25% of electrical cardioversions are unsuccessful. The aim of the present study was to evaluate, in a prospective, randomized and double-blind study, the efficacy of a pretreatment wi... |
1,813 | Incidence of postdischarge symptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in patients who underwent coronary artery bypass graft: long-term follow-up. | The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the incidence of symptomatic AF of patients who had undergone coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) during long-term follow-up. The study population included 305 post-CABG patients who were regularly followed in the outpatient clinic. Paroxysmal AF (PAF) was defined... |
1,814 | Development of atrial fibrillation in patients with atrioventricular block after atrioventricular synchronized pacing. | Many studies have evidenced an increased incidence of AF in patients receiving single chamber ventricular pacing (VVI) when compared with those undergoing an atrial-based system (AAI or DDD). However, the difference in incidence of AF between two atrial-based systems (VDD, DDD) in patients with AV block was still contr... |
1,815 | Application of radiofrequency energy in surgical and interventional procedures: are there interactions with ICDs? | During surgical and interventional procedures, interference may occur between ICDs and electrical cautery or with the application of RF energy. This may lead to the false induction of ICD therapies or could even result in device malfunction, which represents a potential perioperative hazard for the patient. This study ... |
1,816 | Influence of age on atrial fibrillation inducibility. | The prevalence of AF is known to increase in the elderly. Some electrophysiological changes were reported in these patients, but the effects of age on AF inducibility and other electrophysiological signs associated with atrial vulnerability are unknown. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of age on atr... |
1,817 | [Risk assessment in acute myocardial infarction]. | Despite the appearance in clinical practice of modern treatment modes as thrombolysis and percutaneous coronary intervention, in-hospital mortality from acute myocardial infarction remains an important problem. In this paper we review recently published data concerning risk stratification in the acute phase of myocardi... |
1,818 | Relationships between sinus rhythm, treatment, and survival in the Atrial Fibrillation Follow-Up Investigation of Rhythm Management (AFFIRM) Study. | The AFFIRM Study showed that treatment of patients with atrial fibrillation and a high risk for stroke or death with a rhythm-control strategy offered no survival advantage over a rate-control strategy in an intention-to-treat analysis. This article reports an "on-treatment" analysis of the relationship of survival to ... |
1,819 | Implantable cardioverter/defibrillator therapy in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy: single-center experience of long-term follow-up and complications in 60 patients. | Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a major cause of ventricular tachycardia (VT) and cardiac arrest in young patients. We hypothesized that treatment with implantable cardioverter/defibrillators (ICDs) is safe and improves the long-term prognosis of ARVC patients at high risk of sudden death.</Ab... |
1,820 | Initiation and monitoring of class III antiarrhythmic agents. | Initiation and Monitoring of Class III Agents. Dofetilide is a Class III antiarrhythmic agent that is approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in the conversion of atrial fibrillation, as well as in the maintenance of normal sinus rhythm. Because of the risk of torsades de pointes associ... |
1,821 | Clinical experience with dofetilide in the treatment of patients with atrial fibrillation. | Dofetilide for Treatment of AF.</AbstractText>Dofetilide is the newest drug approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Few data on the efficacy and safety of dofetilide in a diverse group of patients are available. The aim of this study was to... |
1,822 | Atrial fibrillation in heart failure: prognostic significance and management. | AF in Heart Failure. Atrial fibrillation and congestive heart failure are commonly occurring cardiac disorders that often exist concomitantly. The prognostic significance of the presence or absence of atrial fibrillation, as an independent risk factor, in patients with heart failure remains controversial. Antiarrhythmi... |
1,823 | A surgical case of combined valvular disease complicated by absent right superior vena cava and persistent left superior vena cava. | A 74-year-old man with combined valvular disease with a recent cerebral infarction was admitted. While undergoing thorough examination for valvular disease, absent right superior vena cava (RSVC) and persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) were recognized. Chest X-ray film suggested a right arch protrusion, and CT a... |
1,824 | Experimental evaluation of the influence of complete artificial circulation on renal circulation and tissue metabolism -comparative study of pulsatile vs nonpulsatile circulation. | In this study, pulsatile and nonpulsatile assisted circulation were compared to evaluate renal circulation under complete artificial circulation. In addition, differences were also compared between animals supported by high (assist rate 80%)- and low (assist rate 60%)-level artificial circulation. Using 20 pigs, ventri... |
1,825 | Effect of beta-adrenergic blockade on dynamic electrical restitution in vivo. | The slope of the action potential duration (APD) restitution curve may be a significant determinant of the propensity to develop ventricular fibrillation, with steeper slopes associated with a more arrhythmogenic substrate. We hypothesized that one mechanism by which beta-blockers reduce sudden cardiac death is by flat... |
1,826 | Is arterial stiffness a contributing factor to atrial fibrillation in patients with hypertension? A preliminary investigation. | Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common tachyarrhythmia encountered by clinicians. When AF occurs in patients with structural disorders, hypertension is most common. Hypertension may provoke or enable AF to occur through several mechanisms. One could be the resultant effects of increased afterload on the left ventr... |
1,827 | Use of ibutilide for cardioversion of recent-onset atrial fibrillation and flutter in elderly. | Ibutilide is a class III antiarrhythmic drug used for pharmacological cardioversion of recent-onset atrial fibrillation and flutter. The objective of the study was to assess the efficacy of ibutilide in elderly patients (age, >or=65 years). The study population consisted of 32 consecutive elderly patients (17 women,... |
1,828 | New approaches for identifying antiarrhythmic drug targets. | Sudden cardiac death, secondary to ventricular fibrillation (VF), remains the leading cause of death in many developed countries. Substantial experimental and theoretical support exists for the idea that VF is caused by spiral wave re-entry. The initiation and subsequent break-up of spiral waves have been linked to ele... |
1,829 | Significance of inducible ventricular flutter/fibrillation in risk stratification in patients with coronary artery disease. | Although inducible ventricular fibrillation (VF) has been used as an indication for prophylactic implantation of cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), the significance of inducible VF remains controversial.</AbstractText>Among 364 CAD patients who underwent electrophysiologi... |
1,830 | Rate versus rhythm control in atrial fibrillation. | AF remains the most common and most challenging arrhythmia. Although several new treatment modalities are available to restore and maintain sinus rhythm, the long-term success of such a strategy remains disappointing, often making rate control a good alternative. Factors associated with failures to restore and maintain... |
1,831 | Pharmacological rate control of atrial fibrillation. | To control ventricular rate in patients with AF, physicians should seek to control heart rate at rest and with exertion. The goal has to be achieved while minimizing costs and adverse effects. For emergency use, i.v. diltiazem or esmolol are drugs useful because of their rapid onset of action. They have to be used with... |
1,832 | Implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy in children with long QT syndrome. | We report our experience with implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implantation and follow-up in high-risk patients with congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS). Congenital LQTS is associated with significant risk of malignant ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death (SCD). ICD implant is recommended for pre... |
1,833 | Atrial contraction after surgical isolation of the left atrial posterior wall concomitant with mitral valve replacement. | Surgical isolation of the left atrial posterior wall (LA-PW isolation) can terminate chronic atrial fibrillation associated with mitral valve disease. However, atrial contraction after LA-PW isolation has not been evaluated.</AbstractText>The study group comprised 14 patients (mean age, 63+/-14 years) with mitral valve... |
1,834 | Heart failure and the risk of shocks in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators: results from the Triggers Of Ventricular Arrhythmias (TOVA) study. | Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) predicts device discharges in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs). The relationship between severity of congestive heart failure (CHF) and ICD discharges is less clear.</AbstractText>We prospectively analyzed the association between CHF and risk of appr... |
1,835 | Neutrophil depletion reduces myocardial reperfusion morbidity. | We tested the hypothesis that depletion of neutrophil leukocytes from the cardioplegic and the initial myocardial reperfusion perfusates reduces clinical indices of reperfusion injury in patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass.</AbstractText>We studied 160 consecutive patients who underwent standard coronar... |
1,836 | Epicardial atrial defibrillation: successful treatment of postoperative atrial fibrillation. | Atrial fibrillation is the most common complication after cardiac surgery. Current medical treatment using antiarrhythmics and anticoagulants has a significant morbidity. The goal of this study was to determine if epicardial atrial defibrillation can be safely performed and return patients to sinus rhythm.</AbstractTex... |
1,837 | The efficacy of supplemental magnesium in reducing atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting. | Atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass is reported from 17% to 53%. Hypomagnesemia after this surgery is considered a contributing factor.</AbstractText>Two hundred-two coronary bypass patients were randomized to magnesium (n = 105) or placebo (n = 97). The experimental group received 80-mg magnesium sulfate ... |
1,838 | [Toxicity of topical administration of lidocaine].<Pagination><StartPage>657</StartPage><EndPage>660</EndPage><MedlinePgn>657-60</MedlinePgn></Pagination><Abstract><AbstractText>It is frequently described in international literature the possibility of toxicity by local anesthesics. The lidocaine is one of them. The pro... | It is frequently described in international literature the possibility of toxicity by local anesthesics. The lidocaine is one of them. The problems with its local use are more frequent and known but topic toxicity is also possible. We want to describe a case of toxicity by topical administration of lidocaine (Xylocain)... |
1,839 | [Transthoracic defibrillation. Physiologic and pathophysiologic principles and their role in the outcome of resuscitation]. | As one major link in the chain of survival, early transthoracic (external) cardiac defibrillation is aimed at the termination of ventricular flutter and ventricular fibrillation. Most important to the success of defibrillation is the passage of a defined amount of current through a critical mass of heart muscle. Differ... |
1,840 | A simulation study of the effects of cardiac anatomy in ventricular fibrillation. | In ventricular fibrillation (VF), the principal cause of sudden cardiac death, waves of electrical excitation break up into turbulent and incoherent fragments. The causes of this breakup have been intensely debated. Breakup can be caused by fixed anatomical properties of the tissue, such as the biventricular geometry a... |
1,841 | The anatomy of an arrhythmia. | Computer simulations are potentially effective approaches to unraveling the causes of lethal heart rhythm disorders. In this issue of the JCI, Xie et al. have embedded a well-characterized dynamic mechanism for arrhythmia development in an anatomically realistic computer model of the heart. Their demonstration that thi... |
1,842 | QT and JT dispersion in the drug-induced long QT syndrome in anaesthetized rabbits is accurately detected by a three-lead surface ECG measurement. | QT dispersion (QTd) can be measured from three leads of the ECG in patients with myocardial ischemia. However, whether QT and JT dispersion (QTd, JTd) can be calculated from a three-lead of the ECG in drug-induced long QT syndrome (LQTS) in animals remains elusive. Therefore, we determined to what extent a three-lead m... |
1,843 | Dynamics of QT dispersion in acute myocardial infarction. | We studied the dynamics of QT dispersion in patients with acute myocardial infarction, and compared them with those in controls.</AbstractText>Serial electrocardiograms of patients admitted to our institute with acute myocardial infarction were analyzed for QT dispersion, and compared with those of healthy age- and sex... |
1,844 | Admission predictors of in-hospital mortality and subsequent long-term outcome in survivors of ventricular fibrillation out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a population-based study. | Survival following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) from ventricular fibrillation (VF) is poor and dependent on a rapid emergency response system. Improvements in emergent early response have resulted in a higher percentage of patients surviving to admission. However, the admission variables that predict both shor... |
1,845 | Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in patients with cardiac amyloidosis: presenting rhythms, management and outcomes in four patients. | Primary systemic amyloidosis (AL) is a well-recognized systemic disease, and cardiac amyloidosis accounts for 10% of all nonischemic cardiomyopathies [J S C Med Assoc 97 (2001) 201-206]. The median survival of patients with symptomatic congestive heart failure secondary to cardiac amyloidosis is 4 months [New Engl J Me... |
1,846 | Human factors affect the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in simulated cardiac arrests. | Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is a team endeavour. There are only limited data on whether team performance during cardiopulmonary resuscitation is influenced by behavioural issues. The aim of the study was to determine whether and how human factors affect the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.</AbstractText>16 t... |
1,847 | Factors involved in the susceptibility of spontaneously hypertensive rats to low K+-induced arrhythmias. | Disorders of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and intercellular coupling are thought to be crucial in the initiation and maintenance of malignant arrhythmias. The aim of this study was to investigate possible arrhythmogenic factors in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) as well as their susceptibility to low K+-related... |
1,848 | [Single nucleotide polymorphism in SCN5A and the distribution in Chinese Han ethnic group]. | Mutations in voltage-gated sodium channel type (SCN5A) may evoke severe, life-threatening disturbances in cardiac rhythm, including long QT syndrome, idiopathic ventricular fibrillation (Brugada Syndrome), and isolated cardiac conduction disease. There is increasing awareness of the role of common polymorphisms in alte... |
1,849 | Pathophysiological findings in a model of persistent atrial fibrillation and severe congestive heart failure. | Develop and evaluate a model of persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) and severe congestive heart failure (CHF).</AbstractText>A single-chamber atrial pacemaker was implanted in pigs (20-30 kg). Burst atrial pacing at 42 Hz led to development of persistent AF. Immediately and 20 days after activation of the burst pacing ... |
1,850 | In vivo electrophysiological effects of a selective slow delayed-rectifier potassium channel blocker in anesthetized dogs: potential insights into class III actions. | This study evaluated the in vivo electrophysiological effects of a highly selective slow delayed-rectifier K+-current blocker, HMR 1556, to gain insights into the consequences of selectively inhibiting the slow delayed-rectifier current in vivo.</AbstractText>Atrial and ventricular effective refractory periods, sinus n... |
1,851 | Sudden cardiac death. | Sudden cardiac death (SCD) due to ventricular tachyarrhythmias is a leading cause of death in the United States. This phenomenon is associated with coronary artery disease, valvular heart disease, nonischemic cardiomyopathies, congenital heart disease, primary electrical abnormalities, autonomic nervous system abnormal... |
1,852 | The effect of bupivacaine on myocardial tissue hypoxia and acidosis during ventricular fibrillation. | Previously we observed that during bupivacaine-induced circulatory collapse, myocardial tissue pH declined more slowly than expected. Here we evaluated the effect of bupivacaine on myocardial acidosis induced by ventricular fibrillation. Sixteen dogs were anesthetized with 1.5% end-tidal isoflurane, the chest was opene... |
1,853 | Off-Pump Arterial Revascularization Using a New Reusable Device for Coronary Occlusion and Local Stabilization. | Abstract Background: Optimal local stabilization, an unobstructed view, and a free field for operation are of most importance during off-pump surgery to facilitate high-quality anastomoses. We report on a new reusable stabilizing platform for complete off-pump coronary revascularization. Methods: From May 2001 until Ju... |
1,854 | On-Pump Beating Heart Surgery Offers an Alternative for Unstable Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting. | Abstract Background: Cardiac surgery has expanded the available approaches to aortocoronary artery bypass grafting to include approaches from minimally invasive surgery to full sternotomy. The heart can be arrested, left beating, or assisted with a right ventricular assist device or cardiopulmonary bypass pump. We have... |
1,855 | Pentobarbital versus medetomidine-ketamine-fentanyl anaesthesia: effects on haemodynamics and the incidence of ischaemia-induced ventricular fibrillation in swine. | The present study was performed to compare haemodynamic variables at baseline and the incidence of ventricular fibrillation during the early phase of ischaemia in swine during pentobarbital or medetomidine-ketamine-fentanyl anaesthesia. Twenty-two swine (mean +/- SD: 29+/- 3 kg) were anaesthetized with sodium pentobarb... |
1,856 | Effectiveness of metoprolol in preventing atrial fibrillation and flutter in the postoperative period of coronary artery bypass graft surgery. | To assess the effectiveness of metoprolol in preventing clinically detectable atrial fibrillation (AF) and flutter after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.</AbstractText>An open, randomized study was carried out to treat 200 patients who had undergone isolated CABG surgery with extracorporeal circulation. The... |
1,857 | Clinical implication of atrial and brain natriuretic Peptide in coronary artery bypass grafting. | Atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide are known to be indices for heart failure. Atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide changes in off-pump and on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting is hypothesized to be correlated to clinical implications of coronary artery bypass grafting. 20 co... |
1,858 | Differential alterations of receptor densities of three muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes and current densities of the corresponding K+ channels in canine atria with atrial fibrillation induced by experimental congestive heart failure. | Parasympathetic tone and congestive heart failure (CHF) are two of promoting factors in initiation and perpetuation of atrial fibrillation (AF). Recent studies indicate co-existence of multiple muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes (mAChRs) that mediate several distinct K+ currents in the heart; inward rectifier K... |
1,859 | Radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation. | Twenty-five patients (16 males, mean age 46 years) underwent radiofrequency ablation because of either paroxysmal (13 patients) or persistent atrial fibrillation (12 patients). Ablation aimed at earliest activation of spontaneous and catheter-induced repetitive ectopy in left and right atria and appendages, and pulmona... |
1,860 | Clinical review: Reappraising the concept of immediate defibrillatory attempts for out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation. | Despite well developed emergency medical services with rapid response advanced life support capabilities, survival rates following out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation (VF) have remained bleak in many venues. Generally, these poor resuscitation rates are attributed to delays in the performance of basic cardiopulmon... |
1,861 | Signal-averaged electrocardiogram in Ebstein's anomaly. | We sought to establish pathogenetic links between electrophysiology, histopathology, and ventricular tachyarrhythmias in patients with Ebstein's anomaly. The atrialized right ventricle (ARV) is the site of mechanically inducible ventricular tachyarrhythmias, but relations between the arrhythmogenic substrate, the type ... |
1,862 | Brugada syndrome--an under-recognized electrical disease in patients with sudden cardiac death. | In 1992, Brugada and Brugada described 8 patients with a history of aborted sudden death and a distinct ECG pattern of right bundle-branch block with ST segment elevation in leads V1-V3 and normal QT interval in the absence of any structural heart disease. It is called Brugada syndrome now and is believed to be respons... |
1,863 | Mortality in patients after a recent myocardial infarction: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of azimilide using heart rate variability for risk stratification. | Depressed left ventricular function (LVF) and low heart rate variability (HRV) identify patients at risk of increased mortality after myocardial infarction (MI). Azimilide, a novel class III antiarrhythmic drug, was investigated for its effects on mortality in patients with depressed LVF after recent MI and in a subpop... |
1,864 | Mechanisms of myocardial capture and temporal excitable gap during spiral wave reentry in a bidomain model. | Recent studies have demonstrated that regional capture during cardiac fibrillation is associated with an elevated capture threshold. It is typically assumed that the temporal excitable gap (capture window) during fibrillation reflects the size of the spatial excitable gap (excitable tissue between fibrillation waves). ... |
1,865 | Management of anticoagulant therapy for patients with prosthetic heart valves or atrial fibrillation. | There is a wide array of recommendations for the management of anticoagulant therapy in patients with mechanical heart valves. Especially the optimal intensity of vitamin K antagonists (VKA) is a ongoing matter of debate. On the basis of several studies, recommendations for daily clinical practice can be made. In this ... |
1,866 | [Laymen groups trained to use defibrillators in rural areas?]. | Patients suspected of having an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) constitute a group with particularly high risk of developing cardiac arrest caused by ventricular fibrillation (VF). It is conceivable that a strategy of shortening the interval until defibrillation skills are brought to the patient can be more fruitful ... |
1,867 | [Public access defibrillators--beneficial?]. | In Norway, every year more than 3000 persons suffer sudden cardiac death caused by ventricular fibrillation. The present recommendations of international expert committees are that the use of public-access defibrillators should be encouraged, including training of non-medical personnel.</AbstractText>In order to evalua... |
1,868 | Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic effects of amiodarone in plasma of ponies after single intravenous administration. | Atrial fibrillation is a well-known heart disease in horses. The common therapy consists of administration of quinidine. More potent antiarrhythmic drugs have become available for human therapy and the use of these as alternatives to quinidine for equine antiarrhythmic therapy is a matter of interest. Amiodarone (AMD) ... |
1,869 | Sodium channel gene (SCN5A) mutations in 44 index patients with Brugada syndrome: different incidences in familial and sporadic disease. | The Brugada syndrome (BS) is a distinct form of idiopathic ventricular fibrillation and may cause sudden cardiac death in healthy young individuals. In the surface ECG, BS can be recognized by an atypical right bundle branch block and ST-segment elevation in the right precordial leads. Mutations in the cardiac sodium c... |
1,870 | Two components of delayed rectifier K+ current in heart: molecular basis, functional diversity, and contribution to repolarization. | Delayed rectifier K+ current (IK) is the major outward current responsible for ventricular repolarization. Two components of IK (IKr and IKs) have been identified in many mammalian species including humans. IKr plays a pivotal role in normal ventricular repolarization. A prolongation of action potential duration (APD) ... |
1,871 | Evolution of activation patterns during long-duration ventricular fibrillation in dogs. | Although resuscitation for sudden cardiac arrest attempts are frequently not instituted for several minutes after the onset of ventricular fibrillation (VF), previous mapping studies have examined only the first 40 s of VF or have involved isolated perfused hearts that did not become ischemic during VF. We applied quan... |
1,872 | Comparison of echocardiographic methods in assessing severity of mitral regurgitation in patients with mitral valve prolapse. | Mitral regurgitation (MR) shows different characteristics in mitral valve prolapse (MVP); hence, it is important to assess MR severity accurately in these patients. The study aim was to compare Doppler echocardiographic methods in making such assessment.</AbstractText>Forty-seven patients with confirmed MVP and at leas... |
1,873 | Design of an integrated sensor for in vivo simultaneous electrocontractile cardiac mapping. | While there is extensive mapping of the spread of electrical activity in the heart, there have been no measurements of electrical and localized mechanical, or contractile, activity. Yet the development of effective treatments for diseases like chronic heart failure and cardiac hypertrophy depend on the ability to quant... |
1,874 | Depression in acute coronary syndrome. | This study examined the prevalence of depression based on scores of 200 patients with acute coronary syndrome on the Emotion Profile Index of Plutchik and its relationship with the type of acute coronary syndrome and the severity of ischemic heart disease. Patients with acute coronary syndrome scored higher on depressi... |
1,875 | Estimated global transmural distribution of activation rate and conduction block during porcine and canine ventricular fibrillation. | We quantified ventricular fibrillation (VF) activation rate, conduction block, and organization transmurally in pigs and dogs, whose transmural Purkinje distribution differ. In six pigs and five dogs, 75 to 100 plunge needles, containing four electrodes for the right ventricle (RV) and six electrodes for the left ventr... |
1,876 | Cardiac arrhythmia as presentation of snakebite. | Snakebite cases may have myriad presentations. we are describing a previously healthy young man presenting within half an hour of snakebite who experienced abrupt fatal cardiac rhythm changes ranging from bradycardia to ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation over a short span of time. |
1,877 | The different electrophysiological characteristics in children with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome between those with and without atrial fibrillation. | Atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia (AVRT) is known to be the most common supraventricular tachycardias in childhood. Because AF with rapid ventricular response may degenerate to ventricular fibrillation through conduction of accessory pathways (APs), it can be potentially life-threatening in some pediatric pati... |
1,878 | Lower observed versus expected (based on U.S. age and gender specific rates) survival in patients treated for near-fatal ventricular arrhythmias. | Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) have improved survival for patients with ventricular fibrillation (VF) or sustained vertricular tachycardia (VT). However, the survival of these patients compared to the general population has not been assessed. Observed survival rates for patients randomized to either ant... |
1,879 | Comparison of step-down and binary search algorithms for determination of defibrillation threshold in humans. | Determination of DFT is an integral part of ICD implantation. Two commonly used methods of DFT determination, the step-down method and the binary search method, were compared in 44 patients undergoing ICD testing for standard clinical indications. The step-down protocol used an initial shock of 18 J. The binary search ... |
1,880 | Effects of intravenous nifekalant, a class III antiarrhythmic drug, on atrial vulnerability parameters in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. | Nifekalant, a class III antiarrhythmic drug, has been shown to suppress ventricular tachyarrhythmias, but its effects on AF are unclear. The aim of this study was to clarify the effects of nifekalant on the atrial vulnerability parameters in patients with paroxysmal AF. The study included 18 patients with paroxysmal AF... |
1,881 | T wave spectral variance for noninvasive identification of patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy prone to ventricular fibrillation even in the presence of bundle branch block or atrial fibrillation. | Conventional methods using Holter ECG recordings for noninvasive risk stratification are limited in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC) prone to ventricular fibrillation (VF) having atrial fibrillation (AF) or bundle branch block (BBB). We therefore investigated, whether spectral assessment of beat-to... |
1,882 | Mitral valve replacement through right thoracotomy after previous coronary artery bypass grafting: the usefulness of brachial artery cannulation, perfused ventricular fibrillation with moderate hypothermia, and minimal dissection techniques. | It has been reported by several authors that a right thoracotomy for mitral valve surgery can be useful after previous coronary aortery bypass grafting (CABG). A 76-year-old man with mitral valve regurgitation after previous CABG underwent mitral valve replacement with some modified techniques. Cardiopulmonary bypass w... |
1,883 | The electrical restitution curve revisited: steep or flat slope--which is better? | The electrical restitution curve (ERC) traditionally describes the recovery of action potential duration (APD) as a function of the interbeat interval or, more correctly, the diastolic interval (DI). Often overlooked in modeling studies, the normal ventricular ERC is triphasic, starting with a steep initial recovery at... |
1,884 | A lazaroid mitigates postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction. | Lazaroids, a series of 21-aminosteroids, reduce free radical mediated injury after ischemia and reperfusion. We hypothesized that the lazaroid U-74389G would minimize postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction and thereby improve neurologically meaningful survival in a rodent model after resuscitation from 8 mins of vent... |
1,885 | Ventricular fibrillation scaling exponent can guide timing of defibrillation and other therapies. | The scaling exponent (ScE) of the ventricular fibrillation (VF) waveform correlates with duration of VF and predicts defibrillation outcome. We compared 4 therapeutic approaches to the treatment of VF of various durations.</AbstractText>Seventy-two swine (19.5 to 25.7 kg) were randomly assigned to 1 of 9 groups (n=8 ea... |
1,886 | Is systolic blood pressure recovery after exercise a predictor of mortality? | An attenuated systolic blood pressure recovery after exercise has been associated with the severity of atherosclerotic heart disease.</AbstractText>For 6 years, we observed 12,379 patients who underwent symptom-limited exercise testing. We excluded patients receiving antihypertensive medication and patients with valvul... |
1,887 | Physicians' attitudes and the use of oral anticoagulants: surveying the present and envisioning future. | Atrial fibrillation has the highest prevalence in the elderly. While the elderly are at the highest risk for stroke and would benefit the most from anticoagulation, they are also the least likely to receive anticoagulation. In a pooled analysis of the primary prevention trials, warfarin reduced stroke by 68% compared w... |
1,888 | Sodium-hydrogen exchange inhibition attenuates in vivo porcine myocardial stunning. | Inhibition of the sodium-hydrogen exchanger isoform 1 with HOE-642 (cariporide) has been shown to protect against ischemia-reperfusion injury and to decrease myocardial cell death in numerous animal preparations; however the effects of cariporide in stunned myocardium are not as well understood. We sought to determine ... |
1,889 | Effectiveness of atrial fibrillation surgery in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. | We report the results of atrial fibrillation surgery in 10 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, which is the largest case series to date. The Maze procedure, with concomitant septal myectomy if indicated, appears to be feasible in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and refractory atrial fibrillation. |
1,890 | Electrocardiologic and echocardiographic features of patients exposed to scorpion bite. | The purpose of this study is to examine clinical progress and hemodynamic and electrocardiologic features (QT depression and heart rate variability [HRV]) of patients exposed to a scorpion bite. Seventeen patients bitten by scorpions, and, as a control group, 15 healthy subjects were included in the study. Standard ele... |
1,891 | Pharmacological modulation of I(Ks): potential for antiarrhythmic therapy. | The slowly (I(Ks)) and rapidly (I(Kr)) activating delayed rectifier K(+) currents play important roles in cardiac ventricular repolarization. Compared with I(Kr), however, I(Ks) has important distinguishing characteristics, including beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation and accumulation at rapid rates that may impart s... |
1,892 | Pharmacological approaches in the treatment of atrial fibrillation. | Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia and is associated with substantial cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The arrhythmia can be initiated and/or maintained by rapidly firing foci, single- and multiple-circuit reentry. Once initiated, AF alters atrial electrical and structural p... |
1,893 | Theoretical possibilities for the development of novel antiarrhythmic drugs. | One possible mechanism of action of the available K-channel blocking agents used to treat arrhythmias is to selectively inhibit the HERG plus MIRP channels, which carry the rapid delayed rectifier outward potassium current (I(Kr)). These antiarrhythmics, like sotalol, dofetilide and ibutilide, have been classified as C... |
1,894 | Influence of nonexcitable cells on spiral breakup in two-dimensional and three-dimensional excitable media. | We study spiral wave dynamics in the presence of nonexcitable cells in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) excitable media, described by the Aliev-Panfilov model. We find that increasing the percentage of randomly distributed nonexcitable cells can prevent the breaking up of a spiral wave into a complex spa... |
1,895 | Unusual response to the ajmaline test in a patient with Brugada syndrome. | We present a Brugada syndrome patient who suffered an aborted sudden death. The ajmaline test (1 mg/kg body weight) induced accentuated alternans ST-segment elevation in V1-V2 without ventricular arrhythmias. It could represent silent ischaemia not detected before, failure of myocardial regions to repolarize in alterna... |
1,896 | [Postpartum cardiomyopathy revealed by acute lower limb ischemia]. | Peripartum cardiomyopathy is an uncommon disease defined as a dilated cardiomyopathy during puerperium, with left ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction < 45%) without any other etiology. The etiology of this disease remains uncertain and it can be revealed in a variety of ways. Thrombo-embolic complications may... |
1,897 | [Ventricular fibrillation induction by transesophageal stimulation in a patient with valvular heart disease]. | Rapid atrial transesophageal stimulation is currently used to stop atrial flutter or tachycardia. We report a case complicated of ventricular fibrillation. It is possible to pace the ventricles by transesophageal stimulation in 2-10% of cases. The ventricular stimulation might be dangerous in patients with heart diseas... |
1,898 | Late incidence and predictors of persistent or recurrent heart failure in patients with aortic prosthetic valves. | We examined factors associated with persistent or recurrent congestive heart failure after aortic valve replacement.</AbstractText>Patients who underwent aortic valve replacement with contemporary prostheses (n = 1563) were followed up with annual clinical assessment and echocardiography. The effect of demographic, com... |
1,899 | Predictors of delirium after cardiac surgery delirium: effect of beating-heart (off-pump) surgery. | Despite improved outcomes after cardiac operations, postoperative delirium remains a common complication that is associated with increased morbidity and prolonged hospital stay.</AbstractText>Univariate and multivariate predictors of postoperative delirium were determined from prospectively gathered data on 16,184 pati... |
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