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2,311,700 | Subsurface flow reedbeds using alternative media for the treatment of domestic greywater in Monteverde, Costa Rica, Central America. | This paper describes the performance of reedbeds using plastic (PET) bottle segments as an alternative low-cost media for the treatment of domestic greywater in Monteverde, Costa Rica, Central America. Twelve reedbeds consisting of four sets of triplicates were monitored through wet and dry seasons in order to determin... |
2,311,701 | Does hormone replacement therapy prevent epithelial ovarian cancer? | Two much-debated hypotheses regarding the aetiology of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) are incessant ovulation and gonadotrophin stimulation. A significant inverse correlation is found between the risk of EOC and number of pregnancies, duration of oral contraceptive use (about 10% risk reduction per year) and duration ... |
2,311,702 | Triplex-forming oligonucleotides as potential tools for modulation of gene expression. | Triplex-forming oligonucleotides (TFOs) bind in the major groove of duplex DNA at polypurine/ polypyrimidine stretches in a sequence-specific manner. The binding specificity of TFOs makes them potential candidates for use in directed genome modification. A number of studies have shown that TFOs can introduce permanent ... |
2,311,703 | Hormone replacement therapy, cancer, controversies, and women's health: historical, epidemiological, biological, clinical, and advocacy perspectives. | Routine acceptance of use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) was shattered in 2002 when results of the largest HRT randomised clinical trial, the women's health initiative, indicated that long term use of oestrogen plus progestin HRT not only was associated with increased risk of cancer but, contrary to expectations,... |
2,311,704 | Decolourization of synthetic dyes by Trametes hirsuta in expanded-bed reactors. | The present paper studies the decolourization of different synthetic dyes (Indigo Carmine, Bromophenol Blue, Methyl Orange and Poly R-478) by the white-rot fungus Trametes hirsuta at bioreactor scale under solid-state conditions, operating with ground orange peelings as a support-substrate. Dye decolourization was perf... |
2,311,705 | Psychosexual health 5 years after hysterectomy: population-based comparison with endometrial ablation for dysfunctional uterine bleeding. | We report a population-based comparison of psychosexual health 5 years after contrasting amounts of surgical treatments for heavy periods [dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB)]. Women's fears about sexual function after hysterectomy might not be unfounded. The psychosexual problems may return and/or develop with time. ... |
2,311,706 | Risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease in the general population. | The aetiology of inflammatory bowel disease remains largely unknown.</AbstractText>We performed a comprehensive assessment of potential risk factors associated with the occurrence of inflammatory bowel disease.</AbstractText>We identified a cohort of patients 20-84 years old between 1995 and 1997 registered in the Gene... |
2,311,707 | Hormone replacement therapy and breast density changes. | To compare the incidence of increased breast density and tenderness in postmenopausal women associated with transdermal (Estalis/Combipatch), Novartis, Basel, Switzerland) and oral (Kliogest), Schering AG, Berlin, Germany) hormone replacement therapy (HRT).</AbstractText>A total of 202 postmenopausal women were randomi... |
2,311,708 | Hormone replacement therapy and WONCA/COOP functional status: a cross-sectional population-based study of women in Israel. | Current indications for hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for menopausal women include symptom relief, but recent studies have raised concerns about the safety of HRT. Little data are available on the effect of HRT on functional status of women taking hormonal preparations after menopause.</AbstractText>To assess the a... |
2,311,709 | UK women doctors' use of hormone replacement therapy: 10-year follow up. | To determine changes in the prevalence and duration of use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) by women doctors over 10 years.</AbstractText>Questionnaire survey of 1234 UK women doctors (randomized, stratified sample), compared with a similar survey in 1993.</AbstractText>In women aged 50-64 years, the age-standardiz... |
2,311,710 | Estrogens and the skin. | A review of the medical literature concerning the effect of the menopause and its hormonal treatment on the skin.</AbstractText>An extensive Medline and Pubmed internet search utilizing the key words: collagen, elastin, estrogen, hormone replacement therapy, skin and aging.</AbstractText>The literature review demonstra... |
2,311,711 | Effects of a heavy and a moderate resistance training on functional performance in older adults. | Resistance training can improve strength and functional performance, but there is little information about the effect of training intensity on functional performance in older adults. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of 12 weeks of heavy (80% of 1 repetition maximum [1RM]) and moderate (60% of 1RM) ... |
2,311,712 | In vivo observation of papillae of the human tongue using confocal laser scanning microscopy. | The aim of this investigation was to visualize the epithelial structures of the tongue using confocal laser scanning microscopy (LSM). The human tongue epithelium of 28 healthy subjects, aged 21-67 years, mean age 38 years, 14 women and 14 men, was examined in vivo by LSM. Using LSM, a combination of the Heidelberg Ret... |
2,311,713 | HRT and breast cancer: impact on population risk and incidence. | This study has calculated the potential impact of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on breast cancer incidence in Australia and has estimated how changes in prescribing HRT to women could affect this risk. The effects of HRT on breast cancer incidence was estimated using the attributable fraction technique with prevale... |
2,311,714 | Biodegradation of pyridine in a completely mixed activated sludge process. | A potential bacterial culture (P1), isolated from garden soil and identified as Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes-KPN, was used as a starter seed to develop the biomass in a completely mixed activated sludge (CMAS) reactor and the system was evaluated for treatment of wastewater containing pyridine. The results of this stu... |
2,311,715 | Treatment of menopausal symptoms post-Women's Health Initiative: refinement of existing treatments and development of new therapies. | Menopause is a normal life transition for women. More than 80% of women experience some symptoms at menopause and > 25% of women in western countries seek treatment for a variety of symptoms that accompany this transition. In addition, there are certain chronic disease processes that accelerate after the menopausal ... |
2,311,716 | Screening on oil-decomposing microorganisms and application in organic waste treatment machine. | As an oil-decomposable mixture of two bacteria strains (Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp.), Y3 was isolated after 50 d domestication under the condition that oil was used as the limited carbon source. The decomposing rate by Y3 was higher than that by each separate individual strain, indicating a synergistic effect of t... |
2,311,717 | Effect of hormone replacement therapy on CD4+ and CD8+ numbers, CD4+/CD8+ ratio, and immunoglobulin levels in hemodialysis patients. | Uremia induces a suppression of the immune status. A large clinical literature suggests that estradiol (E2) plays a critical role in immune function. A large proportion of women hemodialysis patients faced early menopause and inadequate estrogen levels. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of hormone ... |
2,311,718 | Evaluation of hormone replacement therapy. | Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT), once considered as the gold standard of treatment of menopausal symptoms and osteoporosis, introduced about seventy years ago still continuing with lot of controversies. Menopause, a transitional period of women's life, is not an illness when oestrogen level falls leading to its conse... |
2,311,719 | Menopausal symptoms after cessation of hormone replacement therapy. | To determine the prevalence of recurrent menopausal symptoms among post-menopausal women who discontinued hormone replacement therapy (HRT) after the publication of the women's health initiative (WHI) study and to describe the therapeutic strategies employed to address these symptoms.</AbstractText>Retrospective analys... |
2,311,720 | Anaerobic digestion of animal waste: waste strength versus impact of mixing. | We studied the effect of mode of mixing (biogas recirculation, impeller mixing, and slurry recirculation) and waste strength on the performance of laboratory scale digesters. The digesters were fed with 5% and 10% manure slurry, at a constant energy supply per unit volume (8 W/m3). The experiments were conducted in eig... |
2,311,721 | Associations between grip strength change and axial postmenopausal bone loss--a 10-year population-based follow-up study. | The aim of the present study was to investigate the associations between grip strength change and postmenopausal bone loss. The study population, 622 peri- and postmenopausal women, was a random sample of the OSTPRE-study cohort (n=13,100) in Kuopio, Finland. Bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine (LS) and femo... |
2,311,722 | Application of a new type of moving bio-film in aerobic sequencing batch reactor (aerobic-SBR). | A moving bio-film (MB), made from the inner tube of used tyres was applied in a conventional-aerobic-SBR for increasing the system efficiency and quality of bio-sludge due to good sedimentation (the density of 1.925+/-0.21 g/cm(3)), non-biodegradability and re-usability of the media without any regeneration. The total ... |
2,311,723 | Effect of EDTA and Fe-EDTA complex concentration on TCF Kraft mill effluent degradability. Batch and continuous treatments. | The effect of ethylenediaminetetracetic acid (EDTA) and Fe-EDTA complex on synthetic totally chlorine-free (TCF) effluent degradability in batch and continuously operating reactors was evaluated. Under batch treatment, the addition of EDTA and Fe-EDTA complex was studied in the range of 80 to 320 mg l(-1). Under contin... |
2,311,724 | [Quality of life in the treatment assessment of postmenopausal osteoporosis]. | To evaluate quality of life (QOL) in the treatment assessment of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) by comparing the QOL of three treatments: hormone replacement treatment, supplement of calcium and vitamin D and risedronate.</AbstractText>All patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) in this clinical trial had ... |
2,311,725 | Vaginal pessaries in managing women with pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence: patient characteristics and factors contributing to success. | An aging population has resulted in higher prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP). This study examines a nurse-run clinic and analyzes the factors contributing to successful pessary use.</AbstractText>A retrospective chart review of 1,216 patients was completed. History, pelvic examinat... |
2,311,726 | Laser scanning tomography of the optic nerve head in a normal elderly population: the Bridlington eye assessment project. | To assess optic nerve head topographic parameters using the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT) II (Heidelberg Engineering GmbH, Dossenheim, Germany) in a normal elderly population.</AbstractText>Optic nerve head analysis of 918 eyes of 459 normal elderly patients was performed. All patients were consecutive in a cohort ... |
2,311,727 | Potential of a tropical subsurface constructed wetland to remove phenol from pre-treated pulp and papermill wastewater. | The capacity of a pilot project subsurface flow constructed wetland in the tropics to remove phenol from pre-treated pulp and paper mill wastewater was studied under varying hydraulic retention times (HRT) with batch loading. Initial 15 months results indicate that removal efficiencies for phenol were variable but on a... |
2,311,728 | A controlled evaluation of acceptance and commitment therapy plus habit reversal for trichotillomania. | This randomized trial compared a combined Acceptance and Commitment Therapy/Habit Reversal Training (ACT/HRT) to a waitlist control in the treatment of adults with trichotillomania (TTM). Twenty-five participants (12 treatment and 13 waitlist) completed the trial. Results demonstrated a significant reduction in hair pu... |
2,311,729 | Evaluating hormone therapy-associated increases in breast density comparison between reported and simultaneous assignment of BI-RADS categories, visual assessment, and quantitative analysis. | Changes in breast density, which are commonly associated with hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use, may imply changes in breast cancer risk. This study explores the ability of different methods to detect hormone replacement therapy (HRT)-associated increases in breast density.</AbstractText>Between 1997 and 2001, 51 p... |
2,311,730 | Development of nocturia in relation to health, age and the menopause. | To analyse the relationship between nocturia, age, the menopausal transition, parturition and hormone replacement treatment (HRT) in women.</AbstractText>A questionnaire study was carried out in 3669 randomly selected women (out of 6000 invited) in the County of Jämtland, Sweden. Questions were asked about health,... |
2,311,731 | [Mammographic breast density and breast cancer risk during HRT]. | Higher breast density leads to a higher risk of breast-cancer coming along with a reduced sensitivity of mammography, the most important method for early diagnosis of breast cancer. HRT leads to an increase in breast density in up to (1/3) of treated women. Combined regimes of estrogen-progestin show a stronger influen... |
2,311,732 | Performance of community-based glaucoma screening using Frequency Doubling Technology and Heidelberg Retinal Tomography. | To assess the performance of a community-based glaucoma screening algorithm in the general population.</AbstractText>A total of 659 individuals aged 50-90 years were screened for glaucoma. Presenting visual acuity, family history of glaucoma, FDT perimetry, and HRT tests were assessed. Additional samples of participant... |
2,311,733 | Hormone replacement therapy: review, update, and remaining questions after the Women's Health Initiative Study. | Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is a collective term to include a variety of sex steroids, estrogens, and progestogens, given to postmenopausal women at various doses and administered through various routes. HRT is used for the relief of menopausal symptoms, with many women experiencing considerable improvement in th... |
2,311,734 | [Effects of hormonal replacement therapy on colon anastomosis healing in rats]. | The symptoms of the climacteric coincide with the marked appearance of signs of skin aging. Studies on animal models have shown that estrogen is a critical mediator in wound healing. The authors report a study of the influence of hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) on colon anastomoses performed in female rats.</Abstrac... |
2,311,735 | Lifestyle-related risk factors and chemoprevention for colorectal neoplasia: experience from the large-scale NORCCAP screening trial. | The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential beneficial effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and/or acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on colorectal neoplasia, and to compare their effects with those of lifestyle-related risk factors in 12 960 individuals ... |
2,311,736 | Optic disc topographic parameters measured in the normal cynomolgus monkey by confocal scanning laser tomography. | To study optic disc topographic parameters in normal cynomolgus monkeys by Heidelberg retina tomograph (HRT).</AbstractText>12 optic disc topographic parameters were investigated in 36 normal eyes in 18 male monkeys. Mean (SD) and interocular differences were obtained for each parameter from three independent measureme... |
2,311,737 | para-Chlorophenol inhibition on COD, nitrogen and phosphate removal from synthetic wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor. | COD, nitrogen, phosphate and para-chlorophenol (4-chlorophenol, 4-CP) removal from synthetic wastewater was investigated using a four-step sequencing batch reactor (SBR) at different sludge ages and initial para-chlorophenol (4-CP) concentrations. The nutrient removal process consisted of anaerobic, oxic, anoxic and ox... |
2,311,738 | Some properties of a sequencing batch reactor system for removal of vat dyes. | Bio-sludge from a wastewater treatment plant could be used as an adsorbent of vat dye from textile wastewater. Resting bio-sludge gave a higher adsorption capacity than dead bio-sludge. The resting bio-sludge from a textile wastewater treatment plant gave relatively high COD, BOD5 and dye adsorption capacity of 364.4 +... |
2,311,739 | Breast cancer and sex steroids: critical review of epidemiological, experimental and clinical investigations on etiopathogenesis, chemoprevention and endocrine treatment of breast cancer. | There is strong epidemiological, experimental and clinical evidence that the etiology of breast cancer is closely related to long-term exposure of breast epithelium to sex steroid hormones. Estrogens can enhance the development of breast cancer by stimulating cell proliferation rate and thereby increasing the number of... |
2,311,740 | Effects of hormone replacement therapy on insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF-II and IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-1 to IGFBP-4: implications for cardiovascular risk. | Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in postmenopausal women is controversial, with an elevated cardiovascular event rate for combined estrogen-progestogen but no adverse cardiovascular effect and possible cumulative benefit for estrogen alone. Here we measured the effects of differing estrogen/progestogen combinations on... |
2,311,741 | Fracture risk and bone density of peri- and early postmenopausal women with uterine leiomyomas. | Fracture risk and bone mineral density (BMD) among peri- and early postmenopausal women with leiomyomas requiring hysterectomy was evaluated.</AbstractText>We counted fractures among women with or without leiomyomas using data from the Kuopio Osteoporosis Study. The study population consisted of 6086 women aged 47-56 y... |
2,311,742 | [Quality of life in users and non-users of hormone replacement therapy]. | To compare the quality of life in postmenopausal women who were users and non-users of hormone replacement therapy (HRT).</AbstractText>A cross-sectional study was conducted on postmenopausal women aged between 40 and 65 years, who had been menopausal for up to 15 years. Women considered HRT users were those who had un... |
2,311,743 | [Acceptability of continuous combined versus cyclical HRT: a French multicentric randomized clinical study]. | To describe and compare acceptability of treatment and quality of life over 12 cycles in 2 groups of women randomised to continuous combined Climodiène (estradiol valerate 2 mg/dienogest 2 mg) or cyclic Climène (estradiol valerate 2 mg, from D1 to D21/cyproterone acetate 1 mg, from D12 to D21, followed by 7 d... |
2,311,744 | Changes in RANKL/OPG/RANK gene expression in peripheral mononuclear cells following treatment with estrogen or raloxifene. | The RANKL/OPG/RANK pathway is the key mediator of osteoclastogenesis. Mononuclear cells may be implicated in post-menopausal osteoporosis. The effect of estrogen or raloxifene on bone resorption and the expression of RANKL/OPG/RANK in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was examined. Twenty-nine women with post-... |
2,311,745 | Optimization of the aerobic biological treatment of thermophilically treated refractory wastewater. | A pilot scale conventional activated sludge was operated for over 600 days to study its effectiveness at further remediating the effluent of an existing industrial site's thermophilic biological treatment stage. During the course of the study, the activated sludge was able to further biodegrade the contaminants in the ... |
2,311,746 | [Start-up and continuous operation of bio-hydrogen production reactor at pH 5]. | A continuous stirred-tank reactor(CSTR)for bio-hydrogen production using molasses wastewater as substrate was investigated. Emphasis was placed on assessing the start-up and continuous operation characteristics when keeping pH value constant. It was found that at pH of 5, biomass of 6g/L, organic loading rate (OLR) of ... |
2,311,747 | [Anaerobic sequencing batch reactor for the digestion of thermo-hydrolyzed sludge under thermophilic and mesophilic conditions]. | Parallel laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the performance of thermophilic and mesophilic anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) for the digestion of thermo-hydrolyzed sewage sludge. The average total COD (TCOD) removal rates of thermophilic, mesophilic ASBR at 10-day HRT and 5.42 kg/(m3 x d) TCOD... |
2,311,748 | Development of an integrated membrane process for water reclamation. | An integrated membrane process (IMP) comprising a membrane bioreactor (MBR) and a reverse osmosis (RO) process was developed for water reclamation. Wastewater was treated by an MBR operated at a sludge retention time (SRT) of 20 days and a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 5.5 h. The IMP had an overall recovery efficie... |
2,311,749 | Effect of organic loading rate on a wastewater treatment process combining moving bed biofilm and membrane reactors. | The effect of moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) loading rate on membrane fouling rate was studied in two parallel units combining MBBR and membrane reactor. Hollow fiber membranes with molecular weight cut-off of 30 kD were used. The HRTs of the MBBRs varied from 45 min to 4 h and the COD loading rates ranged from 4.1 ... |
2,311,750 | Comparison of nitrification performance and microbial community between submerged membrane bioreactor and conventional activated sludge system. | A submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR) and a conventional activated sludge system (CAS) were compared in parallel over a period of more than 260 days on treating synthetic ammonia-bearing inorganic wastewater without sludge purge under decreased hydraulic retention times (HRTs). Conversion of NH4(+)-N to NO3(-)-N was a... |
2,311,751 | Mammographic densities and circulating hormones: a cross-sectional study in premenopausal women. | Progestogens appear to influence breast density more than estrogens in postmenopausal women taking hormone replacement therapy (HRT), but little is known about the effect of circulating hormones on mammographic density among premenopausal women. This cross-sectional study explores the relationship of body weight and se... |
2,311,752 | Effect of hormonal replacement therapy on skin biophysical properties of menopausal women. | <AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND/PURPOSE" NlmCategory="OBJECTIVE">Hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) has been shown in the past to influence well being as well as several somatic features in menopausal women. The aim of this analysis was to study the effect of HRT on various biophysical properties of the skin of menopau... |
2,311,753 | Hormone replacement therapy: one-year follow up of DNA damage. | Although hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may offer considerable benefits for menopausal women, the potential cancer risk may limit its use. This work aimed at assessing whether HRT is able to induce DNA damage in postmenopausal women monitored by the micronucleus (MN) test, which provides a reliable biomarker of geno... |
2,311,754 | Studies on adsorption, desorption and biodegradation of pentachlorophenol by the anaerobic granular sludge in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor. | PCP-degrading anaerobic granular sludge could be formed in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor that was seeded with anaerobic sludge acclimated to chlorophenol. When hydraulic retention time (HRT) was 20-22 h and PCP loading rate was 200-220 mgL(-1)d(-1), the wastewater containing 170-180 mgL(-1) PCP coul... |
2,311,755 | Frequency doubling technology and scanning laser tomography in eyes with generalized enlargement of optic disc cupping. | To characterize functional and structural changes in eyes with generalized enlargement of optic disc cupping (vertical cup/disc ratio > or = 0.8), normal intraocular pressure, normal standard achromatic automated perimetry (SAP) results, and no other ophthalmoscopic findings suggesting glaucoma (large C/D eyes) usin... |
2,311,756 | Perceived change in quality of life during the menopause. | The directly attributable effect of menopausal transition on women's quality of life (QoL) remains unclear. This study investigates the relationship between perceived change in QoL and menopausal transition status, socio-economic circumstances, lifestyle factors, and life stress. Prospective data were collected from a ... |
2,311,757 | Notch-mediated CBF-1/RBP-J{kappa}-dependent regulation of human vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype in vitro. | Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotypic modulation is a key factor in vascular pathology. We have investigated the role of Notch receptor signaling in controlling human vascular smooth muscle cell (hVSMC) differentiation in vitro and established a role for cyclic strain-induced changes in Notch signaling in promo... |
2,311,758 | Previous oral contraceptive use and breast cancer risk according to hormone replacement therapy use among postmenopausal women. | To assess postmenopausal breast cancer risk in relation to particular patterns of oral contraceptive (OC) use according to hormone replacement therapy (HRT) exposure.</AbstractText>Time-dependent Cox regression models were used to analyse information on postmenopausal women from a large-scale French cohort. Among a tot... |
2,311,759 | Hormone replacement therapy is not associated with an increased risk of leukemia (United States). | Recent studies have reported an increased risk of certain cancers associated with hormone replacement therapy (HRT), possibly due to stimulation of estrogen receptors. Since estrogen receptors are expressed on certain hematopoietic cells, it is possible that HRT use may also increase the risk of leukemia.</AbstractText... |
2,311,760 | PIXI bone density screening for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. | The aim of this study was to evaluate a pragmatic screening programme for osteoporosis based on the identification of known risk factors. A secondary aim was to assess the validity of peripheral instantaneous X-ray imager (PIXI) scanning against dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) in women identified as having oste... |
2,311,761 | A historical perspective on menopause and menopausal age. | Earliest known references to menopause have been very scarce. Aristotle referred to age at menopause being 40 years. A French physician coined the term menopause in 1821. Medical interest in menopause increased considerably in mid 19th century. In 1930s people started describing it as a deficiency disease. Consequently... |
2,311,762 | Osteoporosis health-related behavior among healthy peri-menopausal and post-menopausal Israeli Jewish and Arab women. | Health practices such as calcium-rich diet and exercise, are associated with the prevention of osteoporosis. Since studies showed that ethnic minorities are less involved in preventive practices, the aim of this study was to examine patterns and correlates of osteoporosis health-related behavior in Israeli-Jewish and A... |
2,311,763 | Comparing the effects of estrogen and an herbal medicine on peripheral blood flow in post-menopausal women with hot flashes: hormone replacement therapy and gui-zhi-fu-ling-wan, a Kampo medicine. | We investigated the association between blood flow in the extremities and hot flashes, and compared change in blood flow following hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and Gui-zhi-fu-ling-wan (Keishi-bukuryo-gan), a herbal therapy in post-menopausal women with hot flashes. Three hundred and fifty-two post-menopausal women... |
2,311,764 | Laboratory and pilot-scale phosphate and ammonium removal by controlled struvite precipitation following coagulation and flocculation of swine wastewater. | To reduce the suspended solids load to a trickling filter installation, raw swine effluent was pre-treated with ferric chloride and a cationically charged polyacrylamide coagulant resulting in unexpected struvite accumulation downstream of this post-separation process. Using this pre-treated swine manure, struvite prec... |
2,311,765 | Examination of the effect of the polymorphic CGG repeat in the FMR1 gene on cognitive performance. | A CGG repeat sequence located in the 5' untranslated region of the FMR1 gene is polymorphic with respect to size and stability of the repeat during parent-offspring transmission. When expanded to over 200 repeats, the gene is hypermethylated and silenced, leading to fragile X syndrome (FXS). Recently, alleles with larg... |
2,311,766 | Comparison of the quality of life after nonsurgical radiofrequency energy tissue micro-remodeling in premenopausal and postmenopausal women with moderate-to-severe stress urinary incontinence. | This study was undertaken to determine the effect of menopause and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on incontinence quality of life (I-QOL) score improvement in women with moderate-to-severe stress urinary incontinence (SUI) after nonsurgical, transurethral radiofrequency energy (RF) tissue micro-remodeling.</Abstract... |
2,311,767 | Alternatives to estrogen to manage hot flushes. | Hot flushes are probably the most common symptom resulting in medical consultation in relation to the menopause and, when severe, they can affect quite dramatically women's quality of life. Hormone (estrogen) replacement therapy (HRT) is the most effective treatment for this symptom and in the ideal setting of clinical... |
2,311,768 | Evaluation of the effects of various gestagens on insulin sensitivity, using homeostatic model assessment, in postmenopausal women on hormone replacement therapy. | The objective of the present study was to compare the effects of various gestagens on insulin sensitivity in postmenopausal women on hormone replacement therapy (HRT). This prospective study enrolled 156 postmenopausal women who had menopausal status for at least 6 months. Group 1 was treated with 17 beta-estradiol (E2... |
2,311,769 | Association between bone mineral density and polymorphisms of the VDR, ERalpha, COL1A1 and CTR genes in Spanish postmenopausal women. | Bone mineral density (BMD), the major determinant of osteoporotic fracture risk, has a strong genetic component, and several candidate gene polymorphisms have been implicated in the regulation of this process. In view of the reported associations between the BMD and polymorphisms in the collagen type I alpha 1 gene (CO... |
2,311,770 | SERMs in chemoprevention of breast cancer. | Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) play a key role in breast cancer chemoprevention. Tamoxifen has been shown to reduce breast cancer incidence by 30-40% in at-risk subjects in large phase III trials. However, toxicity may be a limiting factor. Thus, different strategies are being pursued to improve the ris... |
2,311,771 | Triplex-induced recombination and repair in the pyrimidine motif. | Triplex-forming oligonucleotides (TFOs) bind DNA in a sequence-specific manner at polypurine/polypyrimidine sites and mediate targeted genome modification. Triplexes are formed by either pyrimidine TFOs, which bind parallel to the purine strand of the duplex (pyrimidine, parallel motif), or purine TFOs, which bind in a... |
2,311,772 | Oestrogen-receptors (ER) are likely to be promiscuous: wider role for oestrogens and mimics. | The anti-breast cancer drug tamoxifen that binds to ER is metabolised in human liver by CYP2D6 isoenzyme, whilst the metabolism of 17beta-oestradiol (by hydroxylation) is by phase I biotransformation in the liver to 2-hydroxyoestradiol and to 4-hydroxyoestradiol respectively by two isoenzymes of this mixed function oxi... |
2,311,773 | A registration framework for the comparison of mammogram sequences. | In this paper, we present a two-stage algorithm for mammogram registration, the geometrical alignment of mammogram sequences. The rationale behind this paper stems from the intrinsic difficulties in comparing mammogram sequences. Mammogram comparison is a valuable tool in national breast screening programs as well as i... |
2,311,774 | Socioeconomic status and use of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy among Danish women. | Observational studies on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) have shown cardioprotective effects that have not been replicated in randomized controlled trials, perhaps due to unaccounted confounding by socioeconomic factors. To resolve this discrepancy, we examined the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and H... |
2,311,775 | Effect of hormone replacement therapy on the production of bone-resorbing cytokines by peripheral blood cells in postmenopausal women. | We studied the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with estrogen on postmenopausal changes in the production of bone-resorbing cytokines interleukin 1 beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha). Both cytokines were measured in the supernatants of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated whole-blood ... |
2,311,776 | Use of hormone replacement therapy in the Hong Kong public health sector after the Women's Health Initiative trial. | To determine the impact of Women Health Initiative (WHI) trial on the use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in the Hong Kong public health sector.</AbstractText>The central prescription database of the Hospital Authority was used to describe the half-yearly trend in the use of HRT between July 2000 and December 2003... |
2,311,777 | Biodegradation of tech-hexachlorocyclohexane in a upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor. | Biodegradability of technical grade hexachlorocyclohexane (tech-HCH) was studied in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB) under continuous mode of operation in concentration range of 100-200 mg/l and constant HRT of 48 h. At steady state operation more than 85% removal of tech-HCH (upto 175 mg/l concentrati... |
2,311,778 | Hormone replacement therapy: pathobiological aspects of hormone-sensitive cancers in women relevant to epidemiological studies on HRT: a mini-review. | Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has gained widespread and in some areas indiscriminate use. In reference to recent epidemiological studies which showed unexpected and controversial associations of HRT use with malignant tumours, here we review the current understanding of the dynamics of tumour growth. The pathomorph... |
2,311,779 | Agreement between stereoscopic photographs, clinical assessment, Heidelberg retina tomograph and digital stereoscopic optic disc camera in estimating vertical cup:disc ratio. | The purpose of the present study was to determine the agreement between stereo photography, Heidelberg retina tomograph (HRT), digital stereoscopic optic disc camera (DISCAM) and ophthalmoscopy in estimating the vertical cup : disc ratio (VCDR).</AbstractText>One hundred and ninety-nine eyes of 100 subjects from glauco... |
2,311,780 | Recent and future advances in the treatment of PMS, PMD, and menopause. | In keeping with the widespread demand for therapy, many different ways of dealing with premenstrual syndrome (PMS), premenstrual dysphoria (PMD) and post menopausal symptoms are presently recommended and practiced. Severe depression associated with PMD is often treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI... |
2,311,781 | Use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and survival following breast cancer diagnosis. | Although hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use has been associated with breast cancers that have better prognostic features, it is not clear whether this leads to improved survival. We studied a cohort of 4022 postmenopausal women diagnosed with breast cancer between 1993 and 2000, who attended a mammographic screening... |
2,311,782 | Effects of resveratrol on bone mineral density in ovarectomized rats. | Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been used to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. However, HRT is not for everyone, due to concerns of side effects as well as increased risk of breast and possibly uterine cancer. Therefore, Dietary alternatives are considered, which include Trans-3,5,4'-Trihydroxystilben... |
2,311,783 | Use of gelatinized maca (lepidium peruvianum) in early postmenopausal women. | This double-blind, placebo-corrected clinical pilot study was aimed at assessing the use of hypocotyls of cruciferous Andean plant Maca (Lepidium peruvianum Chacon), in alleviating symptoms of menopausal discomfort experienced by women in early post menopause as measured by profiles of serum hormones: Luteinizing Hormo... |
2,311,784 | The influence of hormone replacement therapy on the pathology of breast cancer. | To assess whether the pathological characteristics of breast carcinomas arising in post-menopausal women who ever used hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) differ from those of post-menopausal patients who never used HRT.</AbstractText>Six hundred and forty three consecutive breast cancer patients were entered in a case ... |
2,311,785 | Biological treatment of synthetic wastewater containing 2,4 dichlorophenol (DCP) in an activated sludge unit. | Chlorophenol compounds present in many chemical industry wastewaters are resistant to biological degradation because of the toxic effects of such compounds on microorganisms. Synthetic wastewater containing different concentrations of 2,4 dichlorophenol (DCP) was subjected to biological treatment in an activated sludge... |
2,311,786 | Removal of enteric bacteria in constructed treatment wetlands with emergent macrophytes: a review. | Domestic and municipal sewage contains various pathogenic or potentially pathogenic microorganisms which, depending on species concentration, pose a potential risk to human health and whose presence must therefore be reduced in the course of wastewater treatment. The removal of microbiological pollution is seldom a pri... |
2,311,787 | Nutrient removal through autumn harvest of Phragmites australis and Thypha latifolia shoots in relation to nutrient loading in a wetland system used for polishing sewage treatment plant effluent. | The efficacy and feasibility of annual harvesting of Phragmites australis and Typha latifolia shoots in autumn for nutrient removal was evaluated in a wetland system used for polishing sewage treatment plant (STP) effluent. Aboveground biomass and nutrient dynamics nutrient removal through harvest were studied in paral... |
2,311,788 | Culture and symptom reporting at menopause. | The purpose of the present paper is to review recent research on the relationship of culture and menopausal symptoms and propose a biocultural framework that makes use of both biological and cultural parameters in future research. Medline was searched for English-language articles published from 2000 to 2004 using the ... |
2,311,789 | Justification for the use of HRT in the long-term prevention of osteoporosis. | Osteoporosis is a common condition in postmenopausal women and is associated with significant healthcare costs, morbidity and mortality. It is clear that long-term hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has a role to play in preventing osteoporosis by increasing bone mineral density and reducing fracture rate. It is importa... |
2,311,790 | Selective sparing of brain tissue in postmenopausal women receiving hormone replacement therapy. | Determining the benefits and/or drawbacks of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on women's health is an imperative public health goal. Research in rodents suggests benefits of estrogen on neuronal growth and function. However, little research has investigated the effects of HRT on brain tissue in humans. We used high-re... |
2,311,791 | The effect of menopause, hormone replacement therapy (HRT), alendronate (ALN), and calcium supplements on saliva. | In menopausal women many physiological changes take place, most of which are due to decreased estrogen production. It is known estrogen influences oral health in a number of ways and saliva undergoes variations depending upon the levels of this hormone.</AbstractText>The study was designed to evaluate the relationship ... |
2,311,792 | Physicians and the prescription of hormone replacement therapy in Spain. | The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) prescription and identify women's sociodemographic and climacteric factors, as well as variables related to healthcare, associated with the treatment's prescription in women aged 45-65 years in the reference population of a pr... |
2,311,793 | The cutaneous B-cell lymphoma prognostic index: a novel prognostic index derived from a population-based registry. | Three classification and prognostic systems exist for primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma (PCBCL). Whereas the WHO classification defines its categories based on histology, both the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer classification and the conventional staging system consider skin site. We sought ... |
2,311,794 | Progestins and progesterone in hormone replacement therapy and the risk of breast cancer. | Controlled studies and most observational studies published over the last 5 years suggest that the addition of synthetic progestins to estrogen in hormone replacement therapy (HRT), particularly in continuous-combined regimen, increases the breast cancer (BC) risk compared to estrogen alone. By contrast, a recent study... |
2,311,795 | Research on waste stabilization ponds in the United Kingdom: sludge accumulation in pilot-scale primary facultative ponds. | Three pilot-scale facultative ponds, located at Esholt wastewater treatment works in Bradford, West Yorkshire, UK were operated in parallel for 53 months, each with different BOD loadings and hydraulic retention times. Measurements of the sludge accumulation were made at 6-monthly intervals commencing at 3 months after... |
2,311,796 | Levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) with conjugated oral equine estrogen: a successful regimen for HRT in perimenopausal women. | This study was designed to assess the long-term efficacy (5 years) of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) in protecting the endometrium from hyperplasia during estrogen replacement therapy in perimenopausal women.</AbstractText>Prospective, open, outpatient clinical trial in London and Oxford. Ei... |
2,311,797 | Changes in elderly women's health-related quality of life following discontinuation of hormone replacement therapy. | Many women have discontinued hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in view of recent findings. The goal of this study was to determine if HRT discontinuation is associated with changes in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in elderly women.</AbstractText>We studied women enrolled in Pennsylvania's Pharmaceutical Assist... |
2,311,798 | Chemical and biological flocculation process to treat municipal sewage and analysis of biological function. | The pilot-scale experimental apparatus and the procedure of the chemical and biological flocculation process to verify the feasibility in treating Shanghai municipal sewage were introduced in this paper. In addition, the biological function of the process was discussed. The results of optimal running showed that in the... |
2,311,799 | Synchronous municipal sewerage-sludge stabilization. | A study on a pilot plant accomplishing synchronous municipal sewerage-sludge stabilization was conducted at a municipal sewerage treatment plant. Stabilization of sewerage and sludge is achieved in three-step process: anaerobic reactor, roughing filter and a microbial-earthworm-ecofilter. The integrated ecofilter utili... |
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