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2,311,900 | Pulsed estradiol exposure has a limited ability to induce uterine proliferation in ovariectomised female Wistar rats. | All post-menopausal hormone replacement therapies (HRT) aim to provide a steady mid-follicular serum concentration of estrogen, with the exception of pulsed estrogen therapy, which concentrates estradiol (E2) exposure in the few hours following administration. This study was carried out to identify and characterise cel... |
2,311,901 | Evaluation of a novel integrated bioreactor--AOS system for treating oil-containing restaurant wastewater on site in Hong Kong. | AOS system is an anaerobic digestion reactor (A-section, UASB or UBF), oxidation degradation reactor (O-section, aerobic biofilm reactor), and physical sedimentation tank (S-section) 3-in-1 integrated reactor. The compact bioreactor was applied to treat oil-containing restaurant's wastewater on site in Hong Kong. The t... |
2,311,902 | Determination of the optimal and economical biofilter depth in an anaerobic hybrid reactor for treating livestock industrial wastewater. | A laboratory scale anaerobic hybrid reactor (AHR) being comprised of UASB and anaerobic biofilter was used to study the different biofilter depth with corresponding different critical HRT (1) and HRT (2) in treating livestock industrial wastewater, where the critical HRT (1) was defined as the HRT which resulted in the... |
2,311,903 | Effects of media coverage of Women's Health Initiative study on attitudes and behavior of women receiving hormone replacement therapy. | The effects of media coverage of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) study on the attitudes and behavior of women regarding hormone replacement therapy (HRT) were studied.</AbstractText>This cross-sectional observational study took place in 12 counties in western North Carolina from 1997 to 1999. Participants were recr... |
2,311,904 | [Comparison of optic nerve head between normal and glaucoma subjects with Heidelberg Retina Topograph: to introduce a new diagnostic pattern]. | To compare the differences of optic disc topograph between normal and glaucomatous persons, and to establish the score classification pattern for glaucoma using Heidelberg Retina Topograph (HRT).</AbstractText>One hundred and sixteen eyes from 116 normal controls, 99 eyes from 63 consecutive primary open angle glaucoma... |
2,311,905 | Nitrogen removal of high strength wastewater via nitritation/denitritation using a sequencing batch reactor. | The sequencing batch reactor (SBR) process concept was applied to achieve efficient ammonium removal via nitrite under both laboratory and pilot-scale conditions. Both sets of experimental results show that without pH control or carbon addition the nitritation process consistently converted approximately 50% of the amm... |
2,311,906 | Tiam1 gene expression and its significance in colorectal carcinoma. | To explore the expression of Tiam1 gene in colorectal carcinoma and its correlation with tumor metastasis.</AbstractText>Expressions of Tiam1 gene in 8 colorectal carcinoma cell lines were detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. In vitro invasiveness was determined by means of Matrigel invasion ass... |
2,311,907 | Compliance with hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal Sicilian women. | To verify the compliance with hormone replacement therapy (HRT) over 2 years in a population of postmenopausal women in East Sicily.</AbstractText>Patients starting hormonal therapy for the first time were enrolled in this study. A telephone survey was then conducted after 3, 6, 12 and 24 months and the reasons for any... |
2,311,908 | Influence of different HRT regimens on mammographic density. | A prospective, randomized, open-label study was conducted to evaluate effects on mammographic density in postmenopausal and late perimenopausal women receiving continuous combined or sequential combined hormone replacement therapy (HRT).</AbstractText>The subjects were randomized to treatment with low-dose continuous c... |
2,311,909 | Low-dose, vaginally administered estrogens may enhance local benefits of systemic therapy in the treatment of urogenital atrophy in postmenopausal women on hormone therapy. | When genital atrophy exists, systemic hormone therapy (HT) has a timing until to induce vaginal proliferation and symptomatic relieve. Thus, in order to obtain a prompt improvement, the association of local therapy acting on the genital epithelium to the systemic treatment should be considered.</AbstractText>To evaluat... |
2,311,910 | Effects of low-dose, continuous combined hormone replacement therapy on sleep in symptomatic postmenopausal women. | Sleep disturbances in peri- and postmenopausal women may result from hormonal changes, vasomotor symptoms, and possibly psychological factors. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) seems to diminish the disruption of sleep in climacteric women. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a low dose of conjugated ... |
2,311,911 | Oral dryness, nocturia and the menopause. | To analyse the relationship between oral dryness (OD), nocturia, the menopausal transition and some medical conditions and medications in women.</AbstractText>A questionnaire study was carried out in 3669 randomly selected women (out of 6000 invited) in the County of Jämtland, Sweden. Questions were asked about oc... |
2,311,912 | Levonorgestrel and 17beta-estradiol given transdermally for the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis. | To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new transdermal continuous combined hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis.</AbstractText>212 osteopenic (lumbar spine and/or hip (femoral neck) bone mineral density (BMD) between -1.0 and -2.5 S.D. of the premenopausal mean value) po... |
2,311,913 | Organizing safety: conditions for successful information assurance programs. | Organizations must continuously seek safety. When considering computerized health information systems, "safety" includes protecting the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of information assets such as patient information, key components of the technical information system, and critical personnel. "High Reliab... |
2,311,914 | Risk-reducing strategies for breast cancer--a review of recent literature. | The incidence of newly diagnosed breast cancer cases world-wide is expected to double by 2020. Risk-reducing strategies for breast cancer include lifestyle modifications, chemoprevention and surgery (bilateral mastectomy and/or oophorectomy). Lifestyle modifications include avoidance of postmenopausal obesity and hormo... |
2,311,915 | Trends and determinants of antiresorptive drug use for osteoporosis among elderly women. | It has been established that women who have had a first osteoporotic fracture are at a significantly greater risk of future fractures. Effective antiresorptive treatments (ART) are available to reduce this risk, yet little information is available on trends in ART drug use among the elderly. The objective is to estimat... |
2,311,916 | Smoking, estradiol metabolism and hormone replacement therapy. | Many women receiving hormone replacement therapy (HRT) smoke; in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI), one of the largest interventional studies on HRT to date and which recently had to be discontinued, 50% of the 8,500 women on HRT had smoked before or continued to smoke during the study. Remarkably, there is little kn... |
2,311,917 | Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection as primary treatment for diabetic macular edema. | To evaluate the effectiveness of intravitreal triamcinolone injection on the course of diabetic macular edema.</AbstractText>Forty-eight eyes of 48 diabetic patients were treated with 8 mg of intravitreal triamcinolone injection as the primary therapy for diabetic macular edema. The main outcome measures included best-... |
2,311,918 | Notch signaling represses myocardin-induced smooth muscle cell differentiation. | Notch signaling is essential for vascular patterning and response of the vasculature to injury and growth factor stimulation. Despite these findings, the molecular basis of Notch signaling in the vasculature is poorly understood. Here we report that activation of Notch signaling mediated through members of the HRT fami... |
2,311,919 | Different proteome pattern of epidermal growth factor receptor-positive colorectal cancer cell lines that are responsive and nonresponsive to C225 antibody treatment. | The monoclonal antibody C225 directed against the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) blocks downstream mitogenic signaling and is effective in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Clinical data, however, suggest the presence of primary and secondary resistance mechanisms that are hardly understood. To define ... |
2,311,920 | [The diagnostic ability of Heidelberg retina tomography to detect glaucomatous optic neuropathy in Chinese]. | To evaluate the ability of Heidelberg retina tomography (HRT) in the diagnosis of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG).</AbstractText>The topography of optic nerve head of 116 normal eyes and 99 eyes with POAG were examined using HRT. The differences of the optic disc parameters between two groups were compared. The topo... |
2,311,921 | High nitrate removal from synthetic wastewater with the mixed bacterial culture. | The applicability of the mixed bacterial culture, originated from two-stage anaerobic-aerobic industrial yeasts production wastewater treatment plant for high rate denitrification processes was investigated. After acclimation to nitrate, the dominant strains were Pseudomonas and Paracoccus sp. Complete denitrification ... |
2,311,922 | Hormone replacement therapy: the debate should continue. | Recent reports attributing a significant increased risk of breast cancer development, cardiac events, and Alzheimer's disease to the administration of estrogen-progestin hormone replacement therapy (HRT) require critical review, not blind acceptance. An appreciation of the numbers used to generate these conclusions, th... |
2,311,923 | Lessons learned from the WHI: HRT requires a cautious and individualized approach. | The Women's Health Initiative (WHI) was a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study that evaluated the benefits and risks of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for healthy postmenopausal women. The results indicated that HRT: 1) does not confer cardiovascular or cognitive protection; 2) increases breast cance... |
2,311,924 | The risks and benefits of HRT. | For many years hormone replacement therapy (HRT) was regarded as the gold standard for treatment of osteoporosis. In recent years this status has been challenged, because of the lack of a robust evidence base for anti-fracture efficacy, emerging evidence of adverse extraskeletal effects and the demonstrated efficacy of... |
2,311,925 | [Factors affecting denitrification by denitrificans coated electrode]. | To optimize the efficiency of coated electrode denitrifying reactor.</AbstractText>Synthetic groundwater was treated by coated electrode denitrifying reactor submitted to different operational parameters, such as electric current intensity (CI), oxidation reduction potential (ORP), hydraulic retention time (HRT) and te... |
2,311,926 | [Peri-menopausal and post-menopausal experience among women with and without hormone replacement therapy]. | This qualitative study focuses on peri-menopausal and post-menopausal experience and its signs and symptoms for women with and without use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Empirical data were obtained through interviews with 11 women (range: 45 to 59 years) with or without HRT at different health clinics in the Mu... |
2,311,927 | Monoazo and diazo dye decolourisation studies in a methanogenic UASB reactor. | Mixed anaerobic bacterial consortia have been show to reduce azo dyes and batch decolourisation tests have also demonstrated that predominantly methanogenic cultures also perform azo bond cleavage. The anaerobic treatment of wool dyeing effluents, which contain acetic acid, could thus be improved with a better knowledg... |
2,311,928 | Comparing steroid estrogen, and nonylphenol content across a range of European sewage plants with different treatment and management practices. | The effluent of 17 sewage treatment works (STW) across Norway, Sweden, Finland, The Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, France and Switzerland was studied for the presence of estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), ethinylestradiol (EE2) and nonylphenol (NP). Treatment processes included primary and chemical treatment only, submerged... |
2,311,929 | Changes in health-related behaviours following BRCA 1/2 genetic testing: the case of hormone replacement therapy. | To determine hormone replacement therapy (HRT)use among women at high risk for breast cancer and ovarian cancer, before genetic testing for the cancer susceptibility genes BRCA1 and BRCA2, and 1 year following disclosure of the test results.</AbstractText>Participants were 209 French-Canadian women (from 67 high-risk f... |
2,311,930 | The effect of the menstrual cycle on optic nerve head analysis in healthy women. | To determine the effect of the menstrual cycle on optic nerve head topographic analysis in normally menstruating, healthy women.</AbstractText>The study included single eyes selected randomly from each of 52 healthy women with regular menstrual cycles. All subjects underwent a complete ocular examination. Optic nerve h... |
2,311,931 | Production of extracellular polymeric substances in anoxic/oxic process with zeolite carriers for nitrogen removal. | During the hydraulic retention time (HRT) from 12 to 6 h, the production of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) decreased from 82 to 70 EPS mg volatile suspended solids (VSS) g(-1) in an anoxic/oxic (A/O) reactor with zeolite carriers. Added zeolite could successfully control the EPS production by the formation of ... |
2,311,932 | Sleep apnea and hormone replacement therapy: a pilot study and a literature review. | Sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) is a common condition and a risk factor of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the effect of a gestagen (trimegeston) and estradiol hormone combination on perimenopausal and postmenopausal women with SAS.</AbstractText>Four postmenop... |
2,311,933 | Decolorization and biodegradation of dye wastewaters by a facultative-aerobic process. | Dye wastewater is one of the main pollution sources of water bodies in China. Conventional biological processes are relatively ineffective for color removal, the development of alternative treatment methods will become important. Our subjective was that of introducing a new biotreatment technology which combined a facu... |
2,311,934 | Microscopic approach to critical phenomena at interfaces: an application to complete wetting in the Ising model. | We study how the formalism of the hierarchical reference theory (HRT) can be extended to inhomogeneous systems. HRT is a liquid-state theory which implements the basic ideas of the Wilson momentum-shell renormalization group (RG) to microscopic Hamiltonians. In the case of homogeneous systems, HRT provides accurate res... |
2,311,935 | MTHFR polymorphisms, diet, HRT, and breast cancer risk: the multiethnic cohort study. | Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a key regulatory enzyme in the metabolism of folate, a nutrient which has recently been found to be inversely related to breast cancer in women who drink alcohol. Two common variants in the MTHFR gene (C677T and A1298C) have been associated with a reduced activity of this ... |
2,311,936 | Older women track and field athletes have enhanced calcaneal stiffness. | Vigorous weight-bearing exercise is recommended to women as a method of osteoporosis prevention. This study examined older women athletes to see if they indeed were less likely to develop osteoporosis than those in the general population, and to investigate which factors could have contributed to these results. One hun... |
2,311,937 | Hormone replacement therapy in the menopause. Structure and content of risk talk. | To investigate how risks and benefits of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) are communicated to women in clinical practice. To evaluate the usefulness of a risk classification based on context framing, i.e. whether the risk is discussed for one or several alternative treatments, and/or in the same context as possible be... |
2,311,938 | Distribution of estrogens, 17beta-estradiol and estrone, in Canadian municipal wastewater treatment plants. | The distribution of female hormones, 17beta-estradiol and estrone, was determined in effluents of 18 selected municipal treatment plants across Canada. Replicate 24-h composite samples were collected from the influent and final effluent of each treatment plant, and the removal efficiency compared to the operational cha... |
2,311,939 | Use of microwave pretreatment for enhanced anaerobiosis of secondary sludge. | This work elucidates the effects of pretreatment of secondary sludge by microwave irradiation on anaerobic digestion. The soluble chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration increased up to 22% as microwave irradiation time increased, which indicated the sludge particles disintegrated. Three identical automated bioreact... |
2,311,940 | Modulation of tumor formation and intestinal cell migration by estrogens in the Apc(Min/+) mouse model of colorectal cancer. | Epidemiological studies suggest that post-menopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) reduces colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence. Phytoestrogens, including the soy isoflavone genistein and coumestrol, are used by many women as alternatives to HRT. Previous studies showed that ovariectomy induced a 77% increase in intes... |
2,311,941 | [Right or wrong of the hormone replacement therapy involving osteoporosis]. | Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) is replacement of depleted endogenous estrogen for postmenopausal women. Usually progestin is used in combination to avoid endometrial proliferation. As for bone metabolism, estrogens exert bone protective effect through inhibition of bone absorption. HRT has been shown to improve bone... |
2,311,942 | [Which is the better choice, estrogen or SERMs in postmenopausal women?]. | Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) increases the bone mineral density (BMD) and reduces the risk of vertebral and hip fractures in postmenopausal women. But, long term HRT slightly increases the risk of breast cancer. Raloxifene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator that has estrogen agonist effects in the skeleton... |
2,311,943 | [Defining the role of raloxifene as a therapeutic agent for postmenopausal osteoporosis: focus on its pharmacological properties]. | In this semiar, I propose to describe the pharmacological properties of raloxifene that provide a basis for its role in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. These pharmacological properties can be described as providing therapeutic benefits in the following three areas: 1) reduction in bone turnover, 2) increa... |
2,311,944 | [Hormone replacement therapy and osteoporosis]. | Estrogen deficiency is one significant cause of accelerated bone loss in women during and after menopause. Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a major health problem, primarily because of the severe morbidity and mortality associated with osteoporotic fractures. The Women's Health Initiative Study (WHI) reported that hormon... |
2,311,945 | [Selective estrogen receptor modulator]. | SERMs (selective estrogen-receptor modulators) selectively act on various target tissues under estrogen influence as estrogen-agonists or antagonists. Following publication of an interim report from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) randomized trial, SERMs have drawn considerable attention as agents of interest, in t... |
2,311,946 | [Hormone replacement therapy]. | Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) is replacement of depleted endogenous estrogen for postmenopausal women. Usually progestin is used in combination to avoid endometrial proliferation. As for bone metabolism, estrogens exert bone protective effect through inhibition of bone absorption. HRT has been shown to improve bone... |
2,311,947 | Continuous electricity generation from domestic wastewater and organic substrates in a flat plate microbial fuel cell. | A microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a device that converts organic matter to electricity using microorganisms as the biocatalyst. Most MFCs contain two electrodes separated into one or two chambers that are operated as a completely mixed reactor. In this study, a flat plate MFC (FPMFC) was designed to operate as a plug flow... |
2,311,948 | Disruption of the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl-transferase gene caused by a translocation in a patient with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. | In this study, we have identified a novel mechanism of mutation involving translocation between the HPRT1 loci and other loci on the X chromosome. In HRT-25's cDNA obtained from a patient with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, the upstream region of exon 3 was amplified, but the full-length region was not amplified. The use of 3' ... |
2,311,949 | Analysis of patient load data from the 2002 FIFA World Cup Korea/Japan. | Past history of mass casualties related to international football games brought the importance of practical planning, preparedness, simulation training, and analysis of potential patient presentations to the forefront of emergency research.</AbstractText>The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare established t... |
2,311,950 | Changes in the use of Hormone Replacement Therapy in New Zealand following the publication of the Women's Health Initiative trial. | Results of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) trial on Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) have recently been published. We carried out a national survey to assess the impact of the July 2002 findings on HRT use. We also studied where women obtained information, as well as their opinions and beliefs.</AbstractText>500 w... |
2,311,951 | Hormone replacement therapy in women with spinal cord injury - a survey with literature review. | Postal questionnaire survey.</AbstractText>To examine the current use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in a sample of menopausal women with spinal cord injury (SCI).</AbstractText>National Spinal Injuries Centre (NSIC), Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury, UK.</AbstractText>A postal questionnaire was sent to 94 wo... |
2,311,952 | Socioeconomic position and hormone replacement therapy use: explaining the discrepancy in evidence from observational and randomized controlled trials. | We assessed the association between life-course socioeconomic status or position (SEP) and hormone replacement therapy (HRT).</AbstractText>We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 4286 women aged 60 to 79 years.</AbstractText>Women experiencing adverse socioeconomic circumstances across the life course were less lik... |
2,311,953 | An interview strategy was critical for obtaining valid information on the use of hormone replacement therapy. | We compared telephone reports of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use to claims for drugs dispensed.</AbstractText>The study subjects included 106 women who were dispensed HRT and 107 who were not dispensed HRT.</AbstractText>Recall of drug use overall was relatively good (65/79=82.3%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 73.... |
2,311,954 | Optimizing volatile fatty acid production in partial acidogenesis of swine wastewater. | This research has been conducted based on the fact that acetic and butyric acids are favorable substrates for methanogens, and that a low level of propionic acid production during acidogenesis minimizes the inhibition effect on methanogenic growth. Raw swine wastewater was pretreated with ammonia stripping to enhance a... |
2,311,955 | Effects of phosphorus limitation and temperature on PHA production in activated sludge. | The study was designed to investigate the effects of temperature and phosphorus limitation on polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production and storage by activated sludge biomass. The two-stage operation approach, i.e. a growth phase followed by a nutrient limitation phase, was applied to induce PHA accumulation. The pre-sele... |
2,311,956 | Progression of liver fibrosis in women infected with hepatitis C: long-term benefit of estrogen exposure. | Female sex is a protective factor for the progression of fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Experimental data suggest that estrogens may have an antifibrotic effect. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of past pregnancies, oral contraceptives, menopause, and hormo... |
2,311,957 | High-rate thermophilic methane fermentation on short-chain fatty acids in a down-flow anaerobic packed-bed reactor. | In order to maximize the efficiency of methane fermentation on short-chain fatty acids, growth media containing acetic acid and butyric acid as major carbon sources were supplied to a thermophilic down-flow anaerobic packed-bed reactor. The organic loading rate (OLR) to the reactor ranged from 0.2 to 169 kg-dichromate ... |
2,311,958 | Does the type of hormone replacement therapy affect lipoprotein (a), homocysteine, and C-reactive protein levels in postmenopausal women? | The results of studies evaluating the effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on the cardiovascular risk raise many controversies. This may be related to both the type of treatment used and the disregard of additional risk factors.</AbstractText>The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of natural estro... |
2,311,959 | Enhancing the electron transfer capacity and subsequent color removal in bioreactors by applying thermophilic anaerobic treatment and redox mediators. | The effect of temperature, hydraulic retention time (HRT) and the redox mediator anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AQDS), on electron transfer and subsequent color removal from textile wastewater was assessed in mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic bioreactors. The results clearly show that compared with mesophilic anaer... |
2,311,960 | H2-producing bacterial communities from a heat-treated soil inoculum. | Hydrogen gas (approximately 60% H(2)) was produced in a continuous flow bioreactor inoculated with heat-treated soil, and fed synthetic wastewater containing glucose (9.5 g l(-1)). The pH in the bioreactor was maintained at 5.5 to inhibit consumption of H(2) by methanogens. The objective of this study was to characteri... |
2,311,961 | [Analysis of optic nerve head by confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope in ocular hypertension]. | To analyze optic nerve head topography using confocal the scanning laser ophthalmoscope (CSLO) in ocular hypertension in comparison to normal eyes.</AbstractText>We examined 25 patients with ocular hypertension and 27 normal controls. All of them had a complete ophthalmic examination. Optic nerve head analysis was perf... |
2,311,962 | Hormone replacement therapy and risk of lymphomas and myelomas. | The relation between post-menopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and lymphoid neoplasms was analysed using data from a case-control study conducted in northern Italy between 1983 and 1992. Cases included 26 incident, histologically confirmed, post-menopausal female patients of Hodgkin's Disease (HD), 145 non-Hodg... |
2,311,963 | [Study on treatment of climacteric depression with bushen tiaogan qingxin recipe]. | To observe the effects of bushen tiaogan qingxin recipe (BTQR) on Hamilton rating scale for depression (HAMD), monoamine meurotransmitter and endocrinal function in patients with climacteric depression, and to explore its mechanism.</AbstractText>Patients were randomly divided into two groups, the 25 patients in the tr... |
2,311,964 | [The influence of hormonal replacement therapy on bone density in postmenopausal women depending on polymorphism of vitamin D receptor (VDR) and estrogen receptor (ER) genes]. | Osteoporosis is still an important health problem in modern societies. The densitometric criterion for the diagnosis of this condition established by WHO in 1994 is bone mass density (BMD) lower than 2.5 standard deviation (SD) from the mean value for young healthy individuals of the same sex. Between 60 and 90% of bon... |
2,311,965 | Performance of a UASB-digester system treating domestic wastewater. | The anaerobic treatment of raw domestic wastewater by a novel technology consisting of an Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Bed (UASB) reactor combined with a completely mixed digester for the stabilisation of the UASB sludge was assessed. A pilot-scale plant of the so-called UASB-Digester system was located at the municipal wa... |
2,311,966 | Breast cancer risk in relation to different types of hormone replacement therapy in the E3N-EPIC cohort. | Most epidemiological studies have shown an increase in breast cancer risk related to hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use. A recent large cohort study showed effects of similar magnitude for different types of progestogens and for different routes of administration of estrogens evaluated. Further investigation of thes... |
2,311,967 | Acute orbital effects of retrobulbar injection on optic nerve head topography. | To assess the effects of acute orbital volume changes after retrobulbar injection on optic nerve head topography.</AbstractText>The study population consisted of 95 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with clinically significant macular oedema who required focal pattern laser photocoagulation therapy in one eye. Bef... |
2,311,968 | Determination of factors associated with hospitalization in breast cancer survivors. | <AbstractText Label="PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES" NlmCategory="OBJECTIVE">To identify factors associated with hospitalization after diagnosis of breast cancer in working-age women.</AbstractText>Descriptive, retrospective survey.</AbstractText>Caseload of a single medical oncologist affiliated with an urban, not-for-profit, aca... |
2,311,969 | Signaling requirements and role of salicylic acid in HRT- and rrt-mediated resistance to turnip crinkle virus in Arabidopsis. | Inoculation of turnip crinkle virus (TCV) on the resistant Arabidopsis ecotype Di-17 elicits a hypersensitive response (HR), which is accompanied by increased expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes. Previous genetic analyses revealed that the HR to TCV is conferred by HRT, which encodes a coiled-coil (CC), nucle... |
2,311,970 | Drug delivery systems for oestrogenic hormones and antagonists: the need for selective targeting in estradiol-dependent cancers. | The pleiotropic activity of oestrogens and their mechanism of action via their binding to the two oestrogen receptors alpha (ER alpha) and beta (ER beta) subtypes in the different tissues where oestrogens exert their action have been briefly described. The fate of these compounds trapped into different galenic forms is... |
2,311,971 | A mammographic image analysis method to detect and measure changes in breast density. | We present an image analysis method that can detect and measure breast density from digitised mammograms. We present initial results on applying our method to characterise breast changes, in particular, changes due to Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT). It has been established that long-term use of certain hormone repla... |
2,311,972 | Hormone replacement in women with breast cancer: the HABITS study. | Ever since Professor William T. Creasman suggested the use of hormone replacement therapy in breast cancer survivors in the early 1980s, interest in this field has been guarded but present. Prescribing HRT to breast cancer survivors was initially thought of as being outrageous. Yet even then with experience in HRT span... |
2,311,973 | New HRT options for the treatment of menopausal symptoms and the maintenance of quality of life in postmenopausal women. | Quality of life (QoL) is an important aspect that reflects the way people feel and function. The assessment of QoL quality of life is an essential tool for estimating the efficacy of any therapy in different pathophysiological conditions. In normal, healthy women, the perception of QoL can be significantly modified dur... |
2,311,974 | Adverse neoplastic and cardiovascular outcomes of HRT: the validity of the evidence. | The possibility that HRT may increase the risk of cancer, female cancers in particular, has been a general concern ever since HRT was first advocated in the mid-1950s. For cancer of the uterus that concern was vindicated when it was shown that unopposed estrogens greatly increase the risk. However, because HRT is undou... |
2,311,975 | The effect on cartilage of different forms of application of postmenopausal estrogen therapy: comparison of oral and transdermal therapy. | The effect on urine C-telopeptides of type II collagen (uCTX-II) of oral and transdermal estradiol treatment was compared using samples from two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. A total of 171 healthy, Danish postmenopausal women, 45-65 years of age completed the 2-year study periods. The uCTX-II ma... |
2,311,976 | Hormone replacement therapy and age-related brain shrinkage: regional effects. | Neuroprotective properties of estrogen have been established in animal models, but clinical trials of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) produced contradictory results. We examined the impact of HRT on age-related regional changes in human brain volume. Six brain regions were measured twice, five years apart, in 12 heal... |
2,311,977 | Removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from industrial wastewaters by phytoremediation using water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms). | This paper elucidates the phytoremediation potential of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes [Mart.] Solms) for TN and TP rich industrial wastewaters determined for 15 weeks under different set-ups of 2-fold (56 TN mg/l and 15.4 TP mg/l), 1-fold, 1/2-fold, 1/4-fold and 1/8-fold and a control with no nutrients in duplic... |
2,311,978 | Simultaneous organic stabilization and nitrogen removal in multi-stage biodrum system. | This paper presents the performance of a multi-stage biodrum system applied to domestic wastewater treatment. The organic stabilization and nitrogen removal efficiency in the system was investigated at different hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 12, 6 and 3 hours. The rotational speed of the biodrum was examined at 2,... |
2,311,979 | Agricultural reuse of the secondary effluent polished by an algal pond system coupled with constructed wetland. | In this paper, reuse potentials of the secondary effluents as irrigation water was evaluated through field sampling trips. Water quality parameters significantly deviating from its guidelines were Total coliform bacteria and organic matter. Even though nutrients are not regulated in Korea, their removal would be requir... |
2,311,980 | Physical training and hormone replacement therapy reduce the decrease in bone mineral density in perimenopausal women: a pilot study. | The effects of physical training and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on bone mineral density in perimenopausal women were studied. Sixty perimenopausal women were randomized to either physical training (n = 20), HRT (n = 20), or control group (n = 20). The study period was 18 months. Bone mineral density (BMD) in the... |
2,311,981 | Thermophilic biohydrogen production from glucose with trickling biofilter. | Thermophilic H2 production from glucose was studied at 55-64 degrees C for 234 days using a continuous trickling biofilter reactor (TBR) packed with a fibrous support matrix. Important parameters investigated included pH, temperature, hydraulic retention time (HRT), and glucose concentration in the feed. The optimal pH... |
2,311,982 | Sequences downstream of the bHLH domain of the Xenopus hairy-related transcription factor-1 act as an extended dimerization domain that contributes to the selection of the partners. | XHRT1 is a member of the HRT/Hey protein subfamily that are known as Notch effectors. XHRT1 is expressed in the developing floor plate and encodes a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription repressor. Here, we show that XHRT1 misexpression in the neural plate inhibits differentiation of neural precursor cells and th... |
2,311,983 | Continuation rate of hormone replacement therapy in Hong Kong public health sector. | To assess the 1-year continuation rate of HRT prescribed in Hong Kong public health sector and to identify factors affecting this continuation rate.</AbstractText>All women who received at least one dispensed prescription of estrogens between January 1998 and December 2000 from 36 specialist outpatient clinics of the H... |
2,311,984 | Hormonal replacement therapy after stem cell transplantation. | To evaluate HRT compliance and efficacy in the treatment of symptomatic ovarian failure in pre-menopausal women after stem cell transplantation (SCT) for malignancies.</AbstractText>Thirty-one females were selected and prospectively followed in a university bone marrow transplantation unit and gynecologic outpatient cl... |
2,311,985 | Effects of progestins on estrogen-induced increase in C-reactive protein in postmenopausal women. | C-reactive protein (CRP) represents an independent risk factor for coronary disease and stroke. Because oral estrogens increase CRP levels, with inflammatory and thrombotic consequences, we determined whether the co-administration of a progestin might modify the estrogenic effect on CRP.</AbstractText>In a non-randomiz... |
2,311,986 | [Endometrial brush biopsy in monitoring endometrial cytology during hormone replacement therapy]. | During the past few decades, a variety of diagnostic methods for endometrium direct sampling have been developed. One of these new techniques is endometrial brush biopsy (uterobrush). The principal aim of uterobrush is early detection of endometrial carcinomas and their precursors, but it may be also used to follow up ... |
2,311,987 | [Evaluation of the quality of life of women in the climacteric period]. | Evaluation of quality of life of women in the climacteric period with the use of an individually developed questionnaire of a transitory period. Evaluation of the effect of Hormonal Replacement Therapy (HRT) on health related quality of life.</AbstractText>A group of 190 women in the perimenopause period was subject to... |
2,311,988 | [Hormone replacement therapy in breast cancer survivors: the Israeli Society for Clinical Oncology and Radiotherapy policy letter]. | The Israeli Society for Clinical Oncology and Radiotherapy appointed experts in breast cancer therapy to assess the Society's policy regarding hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in breast cancer survivors with menopausal symptoms. The first policy letter was published in November 2002, and referred to available literatu... |
2,311,989 | [What is the actual lesson from the WHI study upon its completion?]. | The issue of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in postmenopausal women has been influenced recently by negative attitudes of the media and health authorities, based on misinterpretation of the results of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI). This atmosphere led to the discontinuation of HRT in women with menopausal symp... |
2,311,990 | Detection of chromosomal rearrangements derived from homologous recombination in four mapping populations of Brassica napus L. | Genetic maps of Brassica napus were constructed from four segregating populations of doubled haploid lines. Each mapping population had the same male parent and used the same set of RFLP probes, facilitating the construction of a consensus map. Chromosomal rearrangements were identified in each population by molecular ... |
2,311,991 | Trace element status (Se, Cu, Zn) in healthy Portuguese subjects of Lisbon population: a reference study. | Serum levels of selenium, copper, and zinc were systematically determined in healthy subjects of the Lisbon population. The sample consisted of 183 blood donors of both genders who were divided into two age groups: 20-44 and 45-70 yr of age; relationships with gender, age, the lipid profile, and tobacco consumption wer... |
2,311,992 | [Pilot test on oil field wastewater biotreatment with thermophilic microorganisms]. | The thermophilic microorganisms (50-60 degrees C) are introduced and the contact oxidation technology is adopted to treat with the high temperature effluents from an oil field in this paper, which solves a problem that the effluents need to be cooled in routine biotreatment. The results of the pilot test show that the ... |
2,311,993 | [Confocal laser scanning tomography (HRT) in diagnosis and monitoring glaucomatous optic nerve damage in primary open angle glaucoma]. | The aim of this study was to estimate HRT usefulness in quantitative evaluation of structural glaucomatous optic nerve head damage and in monitoring this atrophy in POAG patients and normal subjects, during 18-monthly follow up.</AbstractText>130 eyes of 84 patients with primary open angle glaucoma, 52 women (79 eyes) ... |
2,311,994 | [Morphological parameters of the optic disc in patients with primary open angle glaucoma and low myopia]. | To compare the morphological parameters of the optic disc in patients with low myopia and primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and in patients with glaucoma without refractive errors.</AbstractText>53 patients, aged 33-88 (56.2 +/- 11.9) with POAG were qualified for our study. The group was divided into two: first group ... |
2,311,995 | Circulating concentrations of hemostatic factors and two "steroid sensitive proteins" during oral hormone replacement therapy in women with coronary heart disease. | To study a possible use of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) as markers for changes in hemostatic factors during oral postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT).</AbstractText>Twenty-eight postmenopausal women were treated with oral conjugated equine estrogens+oral medr... |
2,311,996 | Does conventional HRT protect from urogenital atrophy? A prospective study. | Urogenital atrophy is a poorly defined entity. This prospective study looked at the effect of conventional HRT on urogenital atrophy. One hundred and sixty-three women were studied in a 12-month period. The incidence of urinary symptoms and clinical evidence of urogenital atrophy was found to be similar in both the 'HR... |
2,311,997 | [Papillary blood flow and morphological parameters of the optic nerve head in patients with normal tension glaucoma, primary open angle glaucoma and in healthy volunteers]. | The aim of the present study was to compare selected morphological parameters of the optic nerve head and papillary blood flow in patients with NTG, POAG and in healthy volunteers, as well as to find any possible correlation between selected morphological parameters and papillary blood flow. 21 glaucomatous and 31 norm... |
2,311,998 | [Evaluation stereometric parameters of the optic nerve head in the III and IV stage of pseudoexfoliation syndrome]. | Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) often coexists with glaucomatous optic nerve head damage. Confocal scanning laser tomography Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT) is the most competent and accurate technique of monitoring of glaucomatous optic nerve head damage. Our aim was to determine correlation between stage of PEX an... |
2,311,999 | [Prevalance of open angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension as a risk factor for primary open angle glaucoma in Wroclaw population. Wroclaw Epidemiology Study]. | The purpose of the study is to assess the prevalence of various types of open angle glaucoma (OAG) and ocular hypertension (OH) as a risk factor for AOG. The second aim of the study was to determine the detection level of glaucoma in the population of Wroclaw inhabitants aged 40-79.</AbstractText>The population based c... |
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