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2,332,500 | Rate dependence of the effect of antiarrhythmic drugs delaying cardiac repolarization: an overview. | Prolongation of the cardiac action potential and refractoriness (class III effect) is a potentially beneficial electrophysiological mechanism of action. However, this effect may be diminished or eliminated at rapid heart rates, so-called 'reverse rate dependence' of prolongation of repolarization. Action potential dura... |
2,332,501 | The p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB203580, abrogates ischaemic preconditioning in rat heart but timing of administration is critical. | There is debate concerning the involvement of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) in the mediation of ischaemic preconditioning. Pharmacological inhibition of p38 MAPK with SB203580 has been reported to block preconditioning in some studies but not in others. We hypothesised that this divergence could be due to... |
2,332,502 | Adenosine-induced late preconditioning in mouse hearts: role of p38 MAP kinase and mitochondrial K(ATP) channels. | We investigated the role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation and opening of the mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K(+) [(K(ATP))(mito)] channel in the adenosine A(1) receptor (A(1)AR)-induced delayed cardioprotective effect in the mouse heart. Adult male mice were treated with vehicle (5% DMSO) or ... |
2,332,503 | Tone of sympathetic nerves and regulation of heart activity. | Tone of sympathetic nerves to the heart was studied in rats and guinea pigs. Experiments with pharmacological blockade of the sympathetic nervous system and vagotomy confirmed the general notion on the absence of tonic effects of sympathetic nerves on the heart. Reduction of the heart rate reported previously probably ... |
2,332,504 | The EGF-CFC family: novel epidermal growth factor-related proteins in development and cancer. | The EGF-CFC gene family encodes a group of structurally related proteins that serve as important competence factors during early embryogenesis in Xenopus, zebrafish, mice and humans. This multigene family consists of Xenopus FRL-1, zebrafish one-eyed-pinhead (oep), mouse cripto (Cr-1) and cryptic, and human cripto (CR-... |
2,332,505 | Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 causing end-stage renal disease in a 45-year-old patient. | Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) is caused by deficiency of peroxisomal alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase which is in humans exclusively expressed in liver cells. The disease is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, and initial symptoms usually occur in early childhood. Up to the age of 25 years, 90% of the pa... |
2,332,506 | Cardiovascular responses to microinjections of nicotine into the caudal ventrolateral medulla of the rat. | This study focuses on the role of nicotinic receptors located in the caudal ventrolateral medullary depressor area (CVLM) in regulating/modulating cardiovascular function. Blood pressure and heart rate were monitored by standard techniques in urethane-anesthetized, artificially ventilated, adult male Wistar rats. Multi... |
2,332,507 | Acute cigarette smoking reduces vasodilative effect induced by sympathetic block in dogs. | The aim of this study is to clarify the influence of acute cigarette smoking on vasodilation induced by sympathetic block.</AbstractText>We measured mean arterial pressure, heart rate, left brachial artery blood flow (BABF), right femoral artery blood flow (FABF), and plasma catecholamines in dogs to examine the effect... |
2,332,508 | [Characteristics of atrial electrograms recorded in radiofrequency induced block lines in an experimental model]. | To analyze and quantify atrial electrogram modifications following the induction of linear lesions in the atrial wall using radiofrequency ablation procedures.</AbstractText>An epicardial multiple electrode (221 unipolar electrodes) was used in 12 Langendorff perfused rabbit hearts to analyze atrial activation before a... |
2,332,509 | Do saw palmetto extracts block human alpha1-adrenoceptor subtypes in vivo? | To test whether saw palmetto extracts, which act as alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonists in vitro, also do so in vivo in man.</AbstractText>In a placebo-controlled, double-blind, four-way cross-over study 12 healthy young men were treated with three different saw palmetto extract preparations (320 mg o.d.) for 8 days each. ... |
2,332,510 | The acute effects of stellate ganglion block on circulation in human ocular fundus. | To study the acute effects of local-anesthetic stellate ganglion block (SGB) on tissue circulation in the human fundus.</AbstractText>Eleven patients with Bell's palsy (age 56+/-6 y, mean+/-SD) who underwent SGB for its treatment participated in the study. Using the laser speckle method, normalized blur (NB) value, a q... |
2,332,511 | The initial mode of action of copper on the cardiac physiology of the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis. | Previous studies have shown that low levels of copper (down to 0.8 microM) induce bradycardia in the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) and that this is not caused by prolonged valve closure. The aim of this study was to determine the precise mechanism responsible. To establish if copper was directly affecting heart cell phy... |
2,332,512 | Progress in the prevention of breast cancer: concept to reality. | In 1936, Professor Antoine Lacassagne suggested that breast cancer could be prevented by developing drugs to block estrogen action in the breast. Jensen discovered the physiologic target, the estrogen receptor, that regulates estrogen action in its target tissues and Lerner discovered the first nonsteroidal antiestroge... |
2,332,513 | Pharmacological comparison of native mitochondrial K(ATP) channels with molecularly defined surface K(ATP) channels. | Many mammalian cells have two distinct types of ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channels: the classic ones in the surface membrane (sK(ATP)) and others in the mitochondrial inner membrane (mitoK(ATP)). Cardiac mitoK(ATP) channels play a pivotal role in ischemic preconditioning, and thus represent interesting drug targ... |
2,332,514 | Irreversible block of human heart (hH1) sodium channels by the plant alkaloid lappaconitine. | The roots from Aconitum sp. plants have long been used in Chinese herbal medicine for treating pain and various heart conditions. The principal component of Aconitum remedies is usually aconitine, a site 2 neurotoxin that may induce severe neurological symptoms and cardiovascular collapse. Some Aconitum species also co... |
2,332,515 | Pathophysiological role of cytokines in congestive heart failure. | Heart failure is a complex neurohumoral and inflammatory syndrome. Recent studies have shown that proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1, interleukin-2, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, and tumor necrosis factor) are involved in cardiac depression and in the complex syndrome of heart failure. Understanding the involvem... |
2,332,516 | Effects of bupivacaine and a novel local anesthetic, IQB-9302, on human cardiac K+ channels. | We have studied and compared the effects of bupivacaine with those induced by a new local anesthetic, IQB-9302, on human cardiac K+ channels hKv1.5, Kv2.1, Kv4.3, and HERG. Both drugs have a close chemical structure, only differing in their N-substituent (n-butyl and cyclopropylmethyl, for bupivacaine and IQB-9302, res... |
2,332,517 | Wnt signals from the neural tube block ectopic cardiogenesis. | It has long been observed that repressive signals from the neural tube block cardiogenesis in vertebrates. Here we show that a signal from the neural tube that blocks cardiogenesis in the adjacent anterior paraxial mesoderm of stage 8-9 chick embryos can be mimicked by ectopic expression of either Wnt-3a or Wnt-1, both... |
2,332,518 | alpha(4) integrin-dependent eosinophil recruitment in allergic but not non-allergic inflammation. | 1. Although anti-alpha(4) integrin mAbs reduce eosinophil accumulation in several models of allergic inflammation, it is not clear whether this occurs via a direct action to block eosinophil alpha(4) integrins or indirectly on another cell type. The role of alpha(4) integrins on the accumulation of (111)In-labelled eos... |
2,332,519 | Stereoselective effects of the enantiomers of a new local anaesthetic, IQB-9302, on a human cardiac potassium channel (Kv1.5). | 1. The N-substituent of IQB-9302 has the same number of carbons as bupivacaine, but it exhibits a different spatial localization (n-butyl vs cyclopropylmethyl). Thus, the study of the effects of IQB-9302 enantiomers on hKv1.5 channels will lead to a better knowledge of the determinants of stereoselective block. 2. The ... |
2,332,520 | Blocker state dependence and trapping in hyperpolarization-activated cation channels: evidence for an intracellular activation gate. | Hyperpolarization-activated cation currents (I(h)) are key determinants of repetitive electrical activity in heart and nerve cells. The bradycardic agent ZD7288 is a selective blocker of these currents. We studied the mechanism for ZD7288 blockade of cloned I(h) channels in excised inside-out patches. ZD7288 blockade o... |
2,332,521 | The role of nitric oxide in the coronary vasoconstriction caused by growth hormone in anaesthetized pigs. | Intravenous injection of growth hormone in anaesthetized pigs has been shown to cause coronary vasoconstriction by antagonizing the vasodilatory effects of 2-adrenergic receptors. Because nitric oxide is believed to modulate or mediate 2-adrenergic effects, the present study was undertaken in the same experimental mode... |
2,332,522 | [The effect of aldosterone of promotion on proliferation of ventricular fibroblasts]. | To study the effect of promoting aldosterone on proliferation of ventricular fibroblasts.</AbstractText>Assay of [3H]-TdR incorporation rate and RT-PCR were used.</AbstractText>Aldosterone could promote [3H]-TdR incorporation of ventricular fibroblasts, the effective dose of aldosterone was among (1 x 10(-9)-1 x 10(-6)... |
2,332,523 | Pharmacological block of the slow component of the outward delayed rectifier current (I(Ks)) fails to lengthen rabbit ventricular muscle QT(c) and action potential duration. | 1. The effects of I(Ks) block by chromanol 293B and L-735,821 on rabbit QT-interval, action potential duration (APD), and membrane current were compared to those of E-4031, a recognized I(Kr) blocker. Measurements were made in rabbit Langendorff-perfused whole hearts, isolated papillary muscle, and single isolated vent... |
2,332,524 | The efficacy of intraoperative internal intercostal nerve block during video-assisted thoracic surgery on postoperative pain. | Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) is widely used for many thoracic surgical procedures. Post-operative pain is less after VATS than after conventional thoracic surgery, but is still significant. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of thoracoscopic, internal intercostal nerve block in alleviating... |
2,332,525 | Expression and function of colonic epithelial KvLQT1 K+ channels. | 1. KvLQT1 (KCNQ1) is a voltage-gated K+ channel essential for repolarization of the heart action potential. Defects in ion channels have been demonstrated in cardiac arrhythmia. This channel is inhibited potently by the chromanol 293B. The same compound has been shown to block cAMP-dependent electrolyte secretion in ra... |
2,332,526 | Nuclear factor-kappaB transcription factor decoy treatment inhibits graft coronary artery disease after cardiac transplantation in rodents. | Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) is a transcription factor that upregulates adhesion molecules ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and ELAM-1. We hypothesized the use of ex vivo pressure-mediated delivery of transcription factor decoys (TFD) to NF-kappaB binding sites would decrease expression of adhesion molecules, and decrease reperfus... |
2,332,527 | Continuous positive pressure ventilation during epidural blockade--effects on cardiac output distribution. | It has been shown that when cardiac output (CO) decreases during continuous positive pressure ventilation (CPPV), its regional distribution adapts with a favouring of vital organs. Does epidural blockade modify this adaptation?</AbstractText>Regional blood flows were assessed by the microsphere technique (15 microm) in... |
2,332,528 | A single-injection, multi-segmental paravertebral block-extension of somatosensory and sympathetic block in volunteers. | It is our experience that a deposition of an anesthetic solution in the ventral area of the paravertebral space near the parietal pleura and the sympathetic trunk produces extended unilateral block. Because sympathetic block effects in this extended paravertebral block are not reported yet, we undertook this singly bli... |
2,332,529 | Effects of endothelium/leukocytes/platelet interaction on myocardial ischemia--reperfusion injury. | Platelet fibrinogen receptor (GPIIb/IIIa) antagonists clinically improve the effectiveness of thrombolysis or PTCA in treatment of acute myocardial infarction. 7E3Fab, the chimeric Fab fragment of a monoclonal GPIIb/IIIa antibody, reduces the incidence of death, reinfarction or restenosis in patients and may improve bl... |
2,332,530 | Selective phenylalkylamine block of I(Kr) over other K(+) currents in guinea-pig ventricular myocytes. | Previous studies on verapamil and D600 have established that the Ca(2+)-channel blockers also inhibit delayed-rectifier K(+) currents in cardiac tissues and myocytes. However, estimated IC(50) values range over two to three orders of concentration, and it is unclear whether this reflects a high selectivity by one or bo... |
2,332,531 | Dynamic exercise discloses different time-related responses in stress hormones. | Responses to stressful events are generally regarded as reactions of the organism to accommodate to or compensate for stress. This reaction is classically described as an activation of the sympathoadrenal system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis. Activation of the release of growth hormone and pr... |
2,332,532 | TEA(+)-sensitive KCNQ1 constructs reveal pore-independent access to KCNE1 in assembled I(Ks) channels. | I(Ks), a slowly activating delayed rectifier K(+) current through channels formed by the assembly of two subunits KCNQ1 (KvLQT1) and KCNE1 (minK), contributes to the control of the cardiac action potential duration. Coassembly of the two subunits is essential in producing the characteristic and physiologically critical... |
2,332,533 | Clonidine combined with a long acting local anesthetic does not prolong postoperative analgesia after brachial plexus block but does induce hemodynamic changes. | Clonidine in brachial plexus block prolongs analgesia of local anesthetics of short and intermediate duration. We performed a prospective randomized double-blinded study to determine the efficacy and adverse effects of clonidine mixed with a long-acting local anesthetic on postoperative analgesia. Sixty adult patients ... |
2,332,534 | Adenosine induced direct negative inotropic effect is abolished during global ischemia: role of protein kinase C and prostacyclin. | Adenosine acts as a cardioprotective agent by producing coronary vasodilation, decreasing heart rate and by antagonizing the cardiostimulatory effect of catecholamines; adenosine also exerts a direct negative inotropic effect. Myocardial ischemia is known to be associated with enhanced levels of adenosine, increased pr... |
2,332,535 | Improved epidural analgesia in the parturient in the 30 degree tilt position. | To compare the incidence of incomplete analgesia when epidural local anesthetic is administered with the parturient supine in a 30 degree leftward tilt or in the left lateral decubitus position.</AbstractText>After placement of a multiorifice catheter 5 cm into the epidural space, 293 women in active labour were random... |
2,332,536 | Sedative-hypnotic effects of midazolam in goats after intravenous and intramuscular administration. | To examine the effect of dose and route of administration on the sedative-hypnotic effects of midazolam.</AbstractText>Prospective randomized controlled study ANIMALS: Six indigenous, African bred goats.</AbstractText>Pilot studies indicated that the optimum dose of midazolam for producing sedation was 0.6 mg kg-1</sup... |
2,332,537 | Decreased depressor response mediated by calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-containing vasodilator nerves to spinal cord stimulation and levels of CGRP mRNA of the dorsal root ganglia in spontaneously hypertensive rats. | The depressor response to electrical stimulation of the spinal cord and the level of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) mRNA in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) was compared with the normotensive Wistar Kyoto rat (WKY) and Wistar rat (WR). The animals were pithed by inserti... |
2,332,538 | Lumbar epidural blocks: a case report of a life-threatening complication. | A case of life-threatening complication resulting from a lumbar epidural block is presented. A 70-year-old woman with spinal stenosis developed cardiac and respiratory arrest 5 minutes after receiving a lumbar epidural block containing 80 mg of triamcinolone acetonide and 6mL of 1.5% lidocaine. The patient received car... |
2,332,539 | Haemodynamic effects of subarachnoid blockade: 20% lignocaine versus 0.5% plain bupivacaine. | Our study compared the haemodynamic changes after spinal anaesthesia with 2% lignocaine and 0.5% plain bupivacaine.</AbstractText>A controlled, randomized trial was performed on 30 patients scheduled for arthroscopic knee surgery. Two percent lignocaine and 0.5% plain bupicacaine was used for spinal anesthesia. We meas... |
2,332,540 | A case of fetal complete heart block recorded by magnetocardiography, ultrasonography and direct fetal electrocardiography. | Fetal magnetocardiograms (FMCGs) were recorded in a case of fetal complete heart block (CHB) from the 30th to the 37th week of gestation using the multichannel SQUID system (Hitachi, Japan). M-mode ultrasonography and direct fetal electrocardiography using needle electrodes revealed fetal CHB. We identified independent... |
2,332,541 | Interactions of a series of fluoroquinolone antibacterial drugs with the human cardiac K+ channel HERG. | Administration of certain fluoroquinolone antibacterials has been associated with prolongation of the QT interval on the electrocardiogram and, on rare occasions, ventricular arrhythmia. Blockade of the human cardiac K+ channel HERG often underlies such clinical findings. Therefore, we examined a series of seven fluoro... |
2,332,542 | Modulation of cardiac Na(+) current by gadolinium, a blocker of stretch-induced arrhythmias. | Gd(3+) blocks stretch-activated channels and suppresses stretch-induced arrhythmias. We used whole cell voltage clamp to examine whether effects on Na(+) channels might contribute to the antiarrhythmic efficacy of Gd(3+). Gd(3+) inhibited Na(+) current (I(Na)) in rabbit ventricle (IC(50) = 48 microM at -35 mV, holding ... |
2,332,543 | Adenosine A(2A) receptors mediate cardiovascular responses to hypoxia in fetal sheep. | Nonselective adenosine (ADO) receptor antagonists block hypoxia-induced bradycardia and hypertension in fetal sheep. This study was designed to determine the ADO receptor subtype that is involved in these cardiovascular responses. In chronically catheterized fetal sheep (>0.8 term), fetal hypoxemia was induced by ha... |
2,332,544 | Distribution of, and immune response to, chicken anti-alpha Gal immunoglobulin Y antibodies in wild-type and alpha Gal knockout mice. | Chicken antibodies (immunoglobulin Y; IgY) to the alpha Gal epitope (galactose alpha-1,3-galactose) bind to alpha Gal antigens of mouse and porcine tissues and endothelial cells in vitro and block human anti-alpha Gal antibody binding, complement activation and antibody-dependent cell-mediated lysis mechanisms. The act... |
2,332,545 | Use of CMV transcripts for monitoring of CMV infections in transplant recipients. | The development of the nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) technology has allowed qualitative determination of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) immediate-early (IE) and late (pp67) transcripts for monitoring of HCMV infections in the post transplantation period. pp67-mRNA NASBA was shown to be less sensitive ... |
2,332,546 | Molecular pharmacology of P2Y-receptors. | Membrane-bound P2-receptors mediate the actions of extracellular nucleotides in cell-to-cell signalling. P2X-receptors are ligand-gated ion channels, whereas P2Y-receptors belong to the superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors. So far, the P2Y family is composed of eight cloned and functionally defined subtypes. Five... |
2,332,547 | [An alternative method for the diagnosis of an anterosuperior hemiblock]. | To develop and validate a rapid method for diagnosing superior anterior hemiblock, comparing it with the system seen as standard.</AbstractText>Comparison study of two diagnostic tests.</AbstractText>Urban health centre.</AbstractText>Adult population with prior diagnosis of superior anterior hemiblock included in a co... |
2,332,548 | The resolution of fetal hydrops using combined maternal digoxin and dexamethasone therapy in a case of isolated complete heart block at 30 weeks gestation. | The development of hydrops fetalis in cases of isolated complete heart block is associated with a very poor prognosis. Various pharmacological strategies have been proposed, involving both direct fetal access and transplacental therapy, with inconsistent results in small numbers of subjects. The optimal antenatal manag... |
2,332,549 | Single breath-hold 3D contrast-enhanced method for assessment of cardiac function. | Cardiac MRI function measurements are typically performed using 2D sequences and require multiple breath-holds to image the entire heart. A single 3D acquisition using a T(1)-shortening agent has many potential advantages over techniques that acquire multiple 2D images, including more consistent contrast and precise sl... |
2,332,550 | Block of wild-type and inactivation-deficient cardiac sodium channels IFM/QQQ stably expressed in mammalian cells. | The role of inactivation as a central mechanism in blockade of the cardiac Na(+) channel by antiarrhythmic drugs remains uncertain. We have used whole-cell and single channel recordings to examine the block of wild-type and inactivation-deficient mutant cardiac Na(+) channels, IFM/QQQ, stably expressed in HEK-293 cells... |
2,332,551 | Interaction of lidocaine with the cardiac sodium channel: effects of low extracellular pH are consistent with an external blocking site. | Brief extracellular application of millimolar concentrations of lidocaine affected sodium currents recorded in isolated rat ventricular myocytes in two ways: 1) a reduction of the maximum current consistent with a channel blocking action, and 2) a negative shift in the voltage dependence of inactivation consistent with... |
2,332,552 | [0.2% ropivacaine vs. 0.1% ropivacaine plus fentanyl in obstetric epidural analgesia]. | To compare the analgesic efficacy of epidural administration of 0.2% ropivacaine alone to that of 0.1% ropivacaine plus 0.0002% fentanyl during childbirth.</AbstractText>We performed a prospective, randomized single-blind study of 84 women in labor (aged 16 to 40 y, ASA I-II, weight over 110 kg, height over 150 cm, ges... |
2,332,553 | Glucose- and arginine-induced insulin secretion by human pancreatic beta-cells: the role of HERG K(+) channels in firing and release. | The human ether-a-go-go-related genes (herg) are expressed in tissues other than heart and brain where the HERG K(+) channels are known to regulate the repolarization of the heart action potential and the neuronal spike-frequency accommodation. We provide evidence that herg1 transcripts are present in human pancreatic ... |
2,332,554 | Perioperative myocardial ischemia in cataract surgery patients: general versus local anesthesia. | Patients having cataract surgery are usually elderly and have risk factors for ischemic heart disease. We sought to determine the incidence of perioperative myocardial ischemia in patients having cataract surgery and compare the influence of local anesthesia (LA) and general anesthesia (GA). Eighty-one patients undergo... |
2,332,555 | Work of breathing during spontaneous ventilation in anesthetized children: a comparative study among the face mask, laryngeal mask airway and endotracheal tube. | Work of breathing (WOB) increases during general anesthesia in adults, but such information has been limited in pediatric patients. We studied WOB in 24 healthy children (mean age 2+/-1.9 yrs), during elective urogenital surgery under 1 minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration halothane-nitrous oxide anesthesia with a... |
2,332,556 | Prolongation of epidural anaesthesia in dogs with bupivacaine in a lipid emulsion. | An aqueous solution and a lipid emulsion of bupivacaine were administered epidurally in doses of 1.8 mg/kg to six beagle dogs following a randomised two-phase crossover design. The aqueous solution was absorbed rapidly and the mean (sd) peak venous plasma concentration of bupivacaine, 1.4 (0.4) microg/ml, was detected ... |
2,332,557 | Hepatic and extra-hepatic stimulation of glutathione release into plasma by norepinephrine in vivo. | Studies were conducted to determine the effect of norepinephrine (NE) on reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) export from hepatic and extra-hepatic tissues in vivo. Anesthetized Single Comb White Leghorn (SCWL) males were implanted with cannulae in the carotid artery, hepatic vein (HV) and hepatic ... |
2,332,558 | 18-Methoxycoronaridine (18-MC) and ibogaine: comparison of antiaddictive efficacy, toxicity, and mechanisms of action. | 18-MC, a novel iboga alkaloid congener, is being developed as a potential treatment for multiple forms of drug abuse. Like ibogaine (40 mg/kg), 18-MC (40 mg/kg) decreases the intravenous self-administration of morphine and cocaine and the oral self-administration of ethanol and nicotine in rats; unlike ibogaine, 18-MC ... |
2,332,559 | [Premedication and sedation complications during ophthalmic anesthesia]. | Sedation allows patients to tolerate unpleasant procedures while maintaining adequate cardiorespiratory function and the ability to respond purposefully to verbal command. For ophthalmic surgery patient's anxiety and discomfort can be relieved during placement of a peribulbar block and during surgery by intravenous sed... |
2,332,560 | Subcellular mechanisms of the positive inotropic effect of angiotensin II in cat myocardium. | 1. Cat ventricular myocytes loaded with [Ca2+]i- and pHi-sensitive probes were used to examine the subcellular mechanism(s) of the Ang II-induced positive inotropic effect. Ang II (1 microM) produced parallel increases in contraction and Ca2+ transient amplitudes and a slowly developing intracellular alkalisation. Maxi... |
2,332,561 | Sulfonylurea sensitivity of adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels from beta cells and extrapancreatic tissues. | Sulfonylureas are widely used to stimulate insulin secretion in type 2 diabetic patients because they close adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channels in the pancreatic beta-cell membrane. This action is mediated by binding of the drug to the sulfonylurea receptor (SUR1) subunit of the channel. K(ATP)... |
2,332,562 | Case 4: a patient with symptomatic bradycardia. | Both the clinical and electrocardiographic presentations of sick sinus syndrome are highly variable. As illustrated by this month's case of Interactive Grand Rounds, the initial challenge to the clinician is to establish the correct diagnosis in the patient who has symptomatic bradyarrhythmias. |
2,332,563 | Neurohormonal factors in heart failure. | Currently there are 4 to 5 million people with congestive heart failure in the United States. They consume greater than 7% of the total health care dollar of which a significant portion is directly related to hospitalization expenses alone. Most patients with chronic congestive heart failure can be managed efficiently ... |
2,332,564 | Intrathecal alfentanil with and without bupivacaine for analgesia in labour. | Combined spinal-epidural (CSE) for analgesia in labour is widely used as a method of providing pain relief while minimising motor blockade. Aiming to further reduce the associated motor weakness, we investigated the use of alfentanil alone as the initial intrathecal injection in a double-blind study. Thirty women were ... |
2,332,565 | Anti-SSA/Ro52 autoantibodies blocking the cardiac 5-HT4 serotoninergic receptor could explain neonatal lupus congenital heart block. | The 52-kDa SSA/Ro (Ro52) ribonucleoprotein is an antigenic target strongly associated with the autoimmune response in mothers whose children develop neonatal lupus and congenital heart block. When sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus were used as autoimmune controls in an enzyme immunoassay to screen fo... |
2,332,566 | Coronary arteritis with marked fibrous periarteritis: case report. | A case is presented of a 43-year-old man who died suddenly and unexpectedly from cardiac malignant arrhythmia. Autopsy revealed isolated coronary arteritis involving primarily the left coronary stem and extending into the proximal half of its anterior descending branch. The most striking feature of the disease was mark... |
2,332,567 | Effects of theophylline on exercise indices in a patient with chronotropic incompetence. | Several investigators have documented the successful use of oral sustained-release theophylline in treating symptomatic bradycardia and sick sinus syndrome. This paper reports a case of chronotropic incompetence in which specific exercise indices, including the chronotropic response index, were used to measure the ther... |
2,332,568 | New and emerging pharmacologic strategies in the management of chronic heart failure. | Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a complex syndrome involving activation of multiple cellular, metabolic, and neurohumoral pathways following the initial myocardial insult. Recently, there have been considerable advances in the pharmacologic management of CHF. The current approach to treatment recognizes the need to targ... |
2,332,569 | Tricyclic antidepressant poisoning. | Tricyclic antidepressant poisoning causes predictable electrocardiographic abnormalities and can be lethal. Cardiac arrhythmias, hypotension, seizures, and coma are common. Sodium bicarbonate is still considered the treatment of choice for severe toxicity, although a variety of supportive measures may be taken. Hyperto... |
2,332,570 | [Cutaneous neonatal lupus erythematosus: discordant expression in identical twins]. | Neonatal lupus erythematosus is a rare syndrome characterized essentially by cutaneous lesions and/or congenital heart block occurring in infants at birth, or shortly after. It is related to transplacental crossing of maternal auto antibodies (usually anti Ro/SS-A, La/SS-B or rarely anti-U(1) RNP) from the mother to th... |
2,332,571 | Subtype identification and functional properties of inositol 1,4, 5-trisphosphate receptors in heart and aorta. | One of the major mechanisms by which hormones elevate intracellular Ca(2+)levels is by generating the second messenger inositol 1,4, 5-trisphosphate (InsP(3)), which activates a Ca(2+)channel (InsP(3)receptor) located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). This study undertakes to identify the InsP(3)receptor subtypes (iso... |
2,332,572 | Antiarrhythmic agents and proarrhythmia. | The Vaughn Williams classification divides antiarrhythmic agents into four groups according to their effects on various ion channels. Class I agents block sodium channels and are subdivided into three groups. The use of class Ia agents is gradually on the decline, secondary to lack of a favorable risk/benefit ratio. Cl... |
2,332,573 | In vitro evaluation of newly developed chalcone analogues in human cancer cells. | Among flavonoids, chalcones have been identified as interesting compounds having chemopreventive and antitumor properties. We studied a panel of newly developed chalcone analogues (S1-S10) using MDA-MB 231 and MCF-7 ADRr breast cancer cells and the T-leukemic Jurkat cell line. Quercetin was used as the reference compou... |
2,332,574 | Effects of ruminally protected choline and dietary fat on performance and blood metabolites of finishing heifers. | A 120-d finishing study utilizing 318 heifers (342 kg initial BW) was conducted to examine effects of ruminally protected choline (RPC) in diets containing graded concentrations of tallow. Heifers were blocked according to previous nutrition (full-fed or limit-fed) and allotted to 24 pens containing 11 to 15 heifers. T... |
2,332,575 | Characterization of mibefradil block of the human heart delayed rectifier hKv1.5. | The goal of this study was to analyze the effects of mibefradil on a human cardiac K(+) channel (hKv1.5) stably expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells using the whole-cell configuration of the patch-clamp technique. Mibefradil inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner the hKv1.5 current with a K(D) value of 0.78 ... |
2,332,576 | Interactions of the 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 antagonist class of antiemetic drugs with human cardiac ion channels. | Administration of the 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor class of antiemetic agents has been associated with prolongation in the QRS, JT, and QT intervals of the ECG. To explore the mechanisms underlying these findings, we examined the effects of granisetron, ondansetron, dolasetron, and the active metabolite of dolasetron... |
2,332,577 | Anti-SSA/Ro and anti-SSB/La autoantibodies bind the surface of apoptotic fetal cardiocytes and promote secretion of TNF-alpha by macrophages. | Despite the near universal association of congenital heart block and maternal Abs to SSA/Ro and SSB/La, the intracellular location of these Ags has made it difficult to substantiate their involvement in pathogenicity. To define whether components of the SSA/Ro-SSB/La complex, which translocate during apoptosis, are ind... |
2,332,578 | Tyrosine kinase signaling in action potential shortening and expression of HSP72 in late preconditioning. | We investigated the role of tyrosine kinase (TK) signaling in the opening of the ATP-sensitive K(+) (K(ATP)) channel and 72-kDa heat shock protein (HSP72) expression during late preconditioning. Rabbits were subjected to surgical operation (sham) or were preconditioned (PC) with four cycles of 5 min of ischemia and 10 ... |
2,332,579 | Distinct patterns of cytokine gene suppression by the equivalent effective doses of cyclosporine and tacrolimus in rat heart allografts. | In vitro studies of the mode of action of cyclosporine (CsA) and tacrolimus have indicated that both drugs produce immunosuppression by a quite similar cellular and molecular mechanism to block T cell receptor emanated transcriptional activation of interleukin(IL)-2 and other cytokine genes. Herein, we show that there ... |
2,332,580 | Mechanisms of ischemic preconditioning in skeletal muscle. | Ischemic preconditioning (IP) (one or more cycles each consisting of a short period of ischemia and a short period of reperfusion, before the sustained ischemia) reduces ischemia-related organ damage in heart and skeletal muscle but the underlying mechanisms are not clear. This study was intended to assess the possible... |
2,332,581 | Specific subnuclei of the nucleus tractus solitarius play a role in determining the duration of inspiration in the rat. | Our previous data obtained in the cat suggest that the neurons of the ventrolateral subnucleus of the tractus solitarius (vlNTS) act as an inspiratory off-switch and terminate the inspiratory phase of the respiratory cycle (Berger et al., Eur. J. Pharmacol. 277 (1995) 195-208; Gillis et al., Neurosci. Abstr. 23 (1997) ... |
2,332,582 | Epidural fentanyl-bupivacaine compared with clonidine-bupivacaine for analgesia in labour. | Alpha-adrenergic agonists produce pain relief through an opioid independent mechanism and may be alternatives to opioids for combination with local anaesthetics for analgesia during labour. We studied 41 pregnant women. Epidural block was performed with 75 microg clonidine (n = 20) or 50 microg fentanyl (n = 21) combin... |
2,332,583 | Substance P preferentially inhibits large conductance nicotinic ACh receptor channels in rat intracardiac ganglion neurons. | The effects of substance P (SP) on nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh)-evoked currents were investigated in parasympathetic neurons dissociated from neonatal rat intracardiac ganglia using standard whole cell, perforated patch, and outside-out recording configurations of the patch-clamp technique. Focal application of SP ont... |
2,332,584 | Block of human heart hH1 sodium channels by the enantiomers of bupivacaine. | S(-)-bupivacaine reportedly exhibits lower cardiotoxicity but similar local anesthetic potency compared with R(+)-bupivacaine. The bupivacaine binding site in human heart (hH1) Na+ channels has not been studied to date. The authors investigated the interaction of bupivacaine enantiomers with hH1 Na+ channels, assessed ... |
2,332,585 | Effects of butorphanol and carprofen on the minimal alveolar concentration of isoflurane in dogs. | To evaluate the effects of butorphanol and carprofen, alone and in combination, on the minimal alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane in dogs.</AbstractText>Randomized complete-block crossover study.</AbstractText>6 healthy adult dogs.</AbstractText>Minimal alveolar concentration of isoflurane was determined follow... |
2,332,586 | Significance of autoantibodies in neonatal lupus erythematosus. | Autoantibodies produced by the mother and transported into the fetal circulation are of significant importance in the diagnosis of neonatal lupus syndromes. These humoral autoimmune findings provide an unique opportunity to assess the pathogenic role of autoantibodies against the Ro(SS-A)/La(SS-B) complex, most notably... |
2,332,587 | Polymorphism of class A scavenger receptors in C57BL/6 mice. | Scavenger receptors class A (SR-A) have been hypothesized to regulate the development of atherosclerotic lesions through recognition of modified low density lipoprotein (LDL) and macrophage adhesion to substrata. Supporting data have been collected from studies using the monoclonal antibody 2F8, an antibody developed f... |
2,332,588 | Fetal pulse oximetry: an adjunct to electronic fetal heart rate monitoring. | Electronic fetal heart rate monitoring is routinely used as an indirect measure of fetal oxygenation, yet its value continues to be questioned. With a nonreassuring fetal heart rate pattern, the clinician often needs additional information about fetal oxygen status. Fetal pulse oximetry is a new fetal assessment techno... |
2,332,589 | Hemodynamic effects of MF 10058, a new cardioselective muscarinic M(2) receptor antagonist, in conscious dogs. | The 5-¿4-[4-(diethylamino)butyl]-1-piperidinyl¿acetyl-5H-dibenz[b, f]-azepine (MF 10058) is a new potent and selective muscarinic M(2) receptor antagonist. The hemodynamic effects of MF 10058 were investigated in conscious freely moving dogs. Placebo and three doses of MF 10058 (2, 4 and 8 mg/kg) were orally ... |
2,332,590 | Anti-CD4 induced rat heart tolerance: no presence of primed T cells and regulatory mechanisms for cytotoxic T cells. | Treatment with anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody (mAb) (OX38) induces heart, but not skin graft tolerance in WF (RT1u) to Lewis (RT1l) rat strain combinations. We examined differences in cellular responses between heart-bearing and skin-rejected hosts that were both treated with anti-CD4 mAb. In the tolerant LEW rats bearin... |
2,332,591 | Tissue-specific effects of sulfonylureas: lessons from studies of cloned K(ATP) channels. | Sulfonylureas stimulate insulin secretion in type-2 diabetic patients by blocking ATP-sensitive (K(ATP)) potassium channels in the pancreatic beta-cell membrane. This effect is mediated by the binding of the drug to the sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) subunit of the channel. K(ATP) channels are also present in other tissue... |
2,332,592 | Recovery profiles and costs of anesthesia for outpatient unilateral inguinal herniorrhaphy. | The use of an ilioinguinal-hypogastric nerve block (IHNB) as part of a monitored anesthesia care (MAC) technique has been associated with a rapid recovery profile for outpatients undergoing inguinal herniorrhaphy procedures. This study was designed to compare the cost-effectiveness of an IHNB-MAC technique with standar... |
2,332,593 | Prolonged cardiotoxicity from poison lilly (Veratrum viride). | A 51-y-o otherwise healthy male presented to the emergency department 45 min after ingesting a soup made with boiled "leeks". Physical examination was significant for severe vomiting depressed mental status, and sluggishly reactive 2-3 mm pupils. Heart rate was 30 bpm and bp was 40/p mmHg requiring atropine and fluid r... |
2,332,594 | Replication-defective mutants of mouse cytomegalovirus protect against wild-type virus challenge. | Five temperature-sensitive mutants (tsm9, tsm13, tsm20, tsm22, tsm30) of murine cytomegalovirus have been shown previously not to produce infectious virus in mice. In the present study, the stage at which these mutants are blocked in their replication in vitro was examined by transcriptional analysis of 4 temporally re... |
2,332,595 | The polysaccharide fucoidan inhibits microvascular thrombus formation independently from P- and L-selectin function in vivo. | Adhesion molecules of the selectin family (mainly P- and L-selectin) have been suggested to mediate interactions between platelets, leukocytes and endothelial cells in thrombus formation. The polysaccharide fucoidan has anticoagulative properties, but is also able to bind and block the function of the selectins. Here, ... |
2,332,596 | Oxidative stress and apoptosis. | Apoptosis or programmed cell death, is essential for the normal functioning and survival of most multi-cellular organisms. The morphological and biochemical characteristics of apoptosis, however, are highly conserved during the evolution. It is currently believed that apoptosis can be divided into at least three functi... |
2,332,597 | Effects of halothane on the transient outward K(+) current in rat ventricular myocytes. | 1. Halothane has been shown to affect several membrane currents in cardiac tissue including the L-type calcium current (I(Ca)), sodium current and a variety of potassium currents. However, little is known about the effects of halothane on the transient outward K(+) current (I(to)). 2. Single ventricular myocytes from r... |
2,332,598 | Transcriptional regulation of the CLC-K1 promoter by myc-associated zinc finger protein and kidney-enriched Krüppel-like factor, a novel zinc finger repressor. | The expression of CLC-K1 and CLC-K2, two kidney-specific CLC chloride channels, is transcriptionally regulated on a tissue-specific basis. Previous studies have shown that a GA element near their transcriptional start sites is important for basal and cell-specific activities of the CLC-K1 and CLC-K2 gene promoters. To ... |
2,332,599 | Mechanisms behind and treatment of sudden, unexpected circulatory collapse during central neuraxis blockade. | Judging from the number of cases reported in the literature, severe bradycardia and/or asystole in association with central neuraxis blockade fortunately seems a rare complication. However, short periods of extreme bradycardia may go unnoticed and manifest cases, especially when outcome is favourable, may go unreported... |
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