qid int64 1 74.7M | question stringlengths 12 33.8k | date stringlengths 10 10 | metadata list | response_j stringlengths 0 115k | response_k stringlengths 2 98.3k |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
31,296,334 | Is there a Tableau Desktop executable inside the Tableau server installation.
I have a system where Tableau server in Cloud and would want to use Tableau Desktop in the same server? Is that feasible? | 2015/07/08 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/31296334",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/347494/"
] | Tableau Server lets you make limited edits to existing workbooks, but you can not create new workbooks directly.
However, if you want to install Tableau Desktop separately, on the same cloud server that hosts your Tableau Server, it may (or may not) be doable depending on the specifications of the cloud server. | Please note: make sure you understand the implications of editing an existing view.
Workbook owner, project owner or site admin may grant you rights to do the editing. However, you will be overwriting the existing workbook (you can't "save as...")
Besides, the edit function on the server is limited to visualization (sheets) and doesn't work with dashboards (to be improved in the next release, as announced) |
31,296,334 | Is there a Tableau Desktop executable inside the Tableau server installation.
I have a system where Tableau server in Cloud and would want to use Tableau Desktop in the same server? Is that feasible? | 2015/07/08 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/31296334",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/347494/"
] | Tableau Server and Desktop are two different products and Server does not ship with a copy of Desktop.
They **can** both be installed on the same windows machine, but I would **never** do that except for trouble-shooting reasons (ideally you should install Tableau Server on a dedicated machine so that it does not have to fight anything else for resources). | Another thought: Tableau Server provides permissioned users with the ability to leverage Web Authoring to create/edit server content. Web authoring has the same look/feel as desktop, and has most of the features.
Many go this route as it comes with your server license, so the additional desktop purchase is not necessary.
[More Info Here](https://onlinehelp.tableau.com/current/server/en-us/server-desktop-web-edit-differences.htm) |
31,296,334 | Is there a Tableau Desktop executable inside the Tableau server installation.
I have a system where Tableau server in Cloud and would want to use Tableau Desktop in the same server? Is that feasible? | 2015/07/08 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/31296334",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/347494/"
] | Tableau Server and Desktop are two different products and Server does not ship with a copy of Desktop.
They **can** both be installed on the same windows machine, but I would **never** do that except for trouble-shooting reasons (ideally you should install Tableau Server on a dedicated machine so that it does not have to fight anything else for resources). | At my previous organization, we always had a desktop version installed on the VM running our tableau server. This was useful for making connections to data sources that required firewall rules since the VM's IP was static. Then extracts could scheduled for refreshes.
So yes, it is feasable, but like others, it is a separate product. |
31,296,334 | Is there a Tableau Desktop executable inside the Tableau server installation.
I have a system where Tableau server in Cloud and would want to use Tableau Desktop in the same server? Is that feasible? | 2015/07/08 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/31296334",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/347494/"
] | At my previous organization, we always had a desktop version installed on the VM running our tableau server. This was useful for making connections to data sources that required firewall rules since the VM's IP was static. Then extracts could scheduled for refreshes.
So yes, it is feasable, but like others, it is a separate product. | Another thought: Tableau Server provides permissioned users with the ability to leverage Web Authoring to create/edit server content. Web authoring has the same look/feel as desktop, and has most of the features.
Many go this route as it comes with your server license, so the additional desktop purchase is not necessary.
[More Info Here](https://onlinehelp.tableau.com/current/server/en-us/server-desktop-web-edit-differences.htm) |
31,296,334 | Is there a Tableau Desktop executable inside the Tableau server installation.
I have a system where Tableau server in Cloud and would want to use Tableau Desktop in the same server? Is that feasible? | 2015/07/08 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/31296334",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/347494/"
] | Tableau Server lets you make limited edits to existing workbooks, but you can not create new workbooks directly.
However, if you want to install Tableau Desktop separately, on the same cloud server that hosts your Tableau Server, it may (or may not) be doable depending on the specifications of the cloud server. | Another thought: Tableau Server provides permissioned users with the ability to leverage Web Authoring to create/edit server content. Web authoring has the same look/feel as desktop, and has most of the features.
Many go this route as it comes with your server license, so the additional desktop purchase is not necessary.
[More Info Here](https://onlinehelp.tableau.com/current/server/en-us/server-desktop-web-edit-differences.htm) |
31,296,334 | Is there a Tableau Desktop executable inside the Tableau server installation.
I have a system where Tableau server in Cloud and would want to use Tableau Desktop in the same server? Is that feasible? | 2015/07/08 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/31296334",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/347494/"
] | Please note: make sure you understand the implications of editing an existing view.
Workbook owner, project owner or site admin may grant you rights to do the editing. However, you will be overwriting the existing workbook (you can't "save as...")
Besides, the edit function on the server is limited to visualization (sheets) and doesn't work with dashboards (to be improved in the next release, as announced) | Another thought: Tableau Server provides permissioned users with the ability to leverage Web Authoring to create/edit server content. Web authoring has the same look/feel as desktop, and has most of the features.
Many go this route as it comes with your server license, so the additional desktop purchase is not necessary.
[More Info Here](https://onlinehelp.tableau.com/current/server/en-us/server-desktop-web-edit-differences.htm) |
31,296,334 | Is there a Tableau Desktop executable inside the Tableau server installation.
I have a system where Tableau server in Cloud and would want to use Tableau Desktop in the same server? Is that feasible? | 2015/07/08 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/31296334",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/347494/"
] | As others mentioned, Tableau Desktop and Server are separate products and have separate executable. We used to have Tableau desktop installed on Server to publish extracts and manage our extracts which were developed using API | The desktop version "inside server" is to create and explore licenses. If you have one of these, you can create a sheet/dashboard using the Tableau Server through your browser. |
31,296,334 | Is there a Tableau Desktop executable inside the Tableau server installation.
I have a system where Tableau server in Cloud and would want to use Tableau Desktop in the same server? Is that feasible? | 2015/07/08 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/31296334",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/347494/"
] | As others mentioned, Tableau Desktop and Server are separate products and have separate executable. We used to have Tableau desktop installed on Server to publish extracts and manage our extracts which were developed using API | Another thought: Tableau Server provides permissioned users with the ability to leverage Web Authoring to create/edit server content. Web authoring has the same look/feel as desktop, and has most of the features.
Many go this route as it comes with your server license, so the additional desktop purchase is not necessary.
[More Info Here](https://onlinehelp.tableau.com/current/server/en-us/server-desktop-web-edit-differences.htm) |
31,296,334 | Is there a Tableau Desktop executable inside the Tableau server installation.
I have a system where Tableau server in Cloud and would want to use Tableau Desktop in the same server? Is that feasible? | 2015/07/08 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/31296334",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/347494/"
] | Tableau Server and Desktop are two different products and Server does not ship with a copy of Desktop.
They **can** both be installed on the same windows machine, but I would **never** do that except for trouble-shooting reasons (ideally you should install Tableau Server on a dedicated machine so that it does not have to fight anything else for resources). | Tableau Server lets you make limited edits to existing workbooks, but you can not create new workbooks directly.
However, if you want to install Tableau Desktop separately, on the same cloud server that hosts your Tableau Server, it may (or may not) be doable depending on the specifications of the cloud server. |
77,213 | How should instructors deal with the fact that the students who know the least are precisely the ones who think they know everything?
**NOTE:** This question is not and never was intended to be primarily about mathematics instruction, but was intended to be equally applicable to all subjects to which it can be applied (which probably means all subjects). It has been edited by seemingly many people. I hope I've now expunged the most offensive edits from it. The examples below are about mathematics for the obvious reason. **END OF SPECIAL NOTE**
Someone takes high-school math courses in which all that is required of them is that they learn algorithms for solving assigned problems, and they think that learning those is what learning math consists of (in other words, they learned no math) and since they always worked hard and got straight "A+"s, they think they're really good at math. Then they say they're entitled to take a course requiring only learning technical skills and algorithms and not requiring them to understand anything, and they think it's outrageous that an instructor would think there's something more that should be required of them. You can't get more ignorant of mathematics than to think that learning procedures to follow mechanically in solving assigned problems is what learning mathematics consists of (or at least you probably can't get more ignorant than that and still get admitted to a university), nor more arrogant than to think that an instructor needs instruction from people who think that.
High-school courses in which students effectively learn (without being told so) that learning mathematics consists of learning procedures to apply mechanically to solve assigned problems are the result of official decrees that everybody must learn mathematics. So ignorance of mathematics results from decrees intended to have the opposite effect.
In one case a student wrote on a test something like "Are you kidding? u-substitution? We shouldn't see that until next semester!" An entirely inexperienced person would have laughed out loud at a student mistakenly thinking under the circumstances that they were being asked to use the technique informally called "u-substitution", and moreover the class had been told in advance that that particular problem would be there. And sometimes they're not angry (as in the example in my previous comment) but they neglect a topic of which they are completely ignorant because they think they already know everything about it. | 2016/09/22 | [
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/77213",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/users/7229/"
] | I think this is an important issue, and wrestling with it has informed a lot of what I do as a community college lecturer in mathematics. Helping students make the transition from the BS they get in many K-12 programs, and getting to share *real math* with them for the first time, is a great challenge and responsibility.
What gets me a surprising amount of traction is to address this explicitly, as the first thing on my syllabus. Top goal: **"Read and write math properly with variables."** I verbally quiz them on this on day two. I touch back on it almost every day. I explicate how I'll be grading for this on tests, and show grading examples from old tests. Why? The professional writing (a) provides a shared language, (b) allows them to read any math book, (c) serves as an explanation to other students and colleagues, and (d) makes it easy to find and fix errors and disputes.
Example interaction from yesterday (day 9 of the fall semester): One student has garbled the writing of a polynomial multiplication; I point this out, and she does the "But I got the right answer" bit. I ask, "But what's the number one goal for the course?". She says, "I don't know" (which even she can tell is not a good response), and almost all the rest of the class calls out, "Reading and writing math properly".
So this makes the expectation very clear, and by talking about it as item #1, I get the majority of the class on my side, and the community standard (peer pressure) works greatly in my favor. There aren't many silver bullets in teaching, but I'm delighted at how effectively this one works for me.
(P.S.: While the above is math-specific, I think the basic idea of setting a reading/writing/justifying "top goal" can work in many classes. E.g., in my C++ programming course I start with a quote from Bjarne Stroustrup, "Design and programming are human activities; forget that and all is lost", and then likewise emphasize making one's code readable to other programmers via a common style. As Ken Bain writes in *What the Best College Teachers Do*, "Finally, the best educators often teach students how to read the materials..." [Ch. 4]). | You're going to not come over as very likable if you're the one who always corrects the same student. But you can put this task onto other students. For example, if problem student A (again) provides his or her opinion on a topic, ask the rest of the class what they think. The other students will do your task in correcting A. Of course, you ought to also ask the class about opinions brought forward by others, which is generally good class design anyway. |
77,213 | How should instructors deal with the fact that the students who know the least are precisely the ones who think they know everything?
**NOTE:** This question is not and never was intended to be primarily about mathematics instruction, but was intended to be equally applicable to all subjects to which it can be applied (which probably means all subjects). It has been edited by seemingly many people. I hope I've now expunged the most offensive edits from it. The examples below are about mathematics for the obvious reason. **END OF SPECIAL NOTE**
Someone takes high-school math courses in which all that is required of them is that they learn algorithms for solving assigned problems, and they think that learning those is what learning math consists of (in other words, they learned no math) and since they always worked hard and got straight "A+"s, they think they're really good at math. Then they say they're entitled to take a course requiring only learning technical skills and algorithms and not requiring them to understand anything, and they think it's outrageous that an instructor would think there's something more that should be required of them. You can't get more ignorant of mathematics than to think that learning procedures to follow mechanically in solving assigned problems is what learning mathematics consists of (or at least you probably can't get more ignorant than that and still get admitted to a university), nor more arrogant than to think that an instructor needs instruction from people who think that.
High-school courses in which students effectively learn (without being told so) that learning mathematics consists of learning procedures to apply mechanically to solve assigned problems are the result of official decrees that everybody must learn mathematics. So ignorance of mathematics results from decrees intended to have the opposite effect.
In one case a student wrote on a test something like "Are you kidding? u-substitution? We shouldn't see that until next semester!" An entirely inexperienced person would have laughed out loud at a student mistakenly thinking under the circumstances that they were being asked to use the technique informally called "u-substitution", and moreover the class had been told in advance that that particular problem would be there. And sometimes they're not angry (as in the example in my previous comment) but they neglect a topic of which they are completely ignorant because they think they already know everything about it. | 2016/09/22 | [
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/77213",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/users/7229/"
] | I think this is an important issue, and wrestling with it has informed a lot of what I do as a community college lecturer in mathematics. Helping students make the transition from the BS they get in many K-12 programs, and getting to share *real math* with them for the first time, is a great challenge and responsibility.
What gets me a surprising amount of traction is to address this explicitly, as the first thing on my syllabus. Top goal: **"Read and write math properly with variables."** I verbally quiz them on this on day two. I touch back on it almost every day. I explicate how I'll be grading for this on tests, and show grading examples from old tests. Why? The professional writing (a) provides a shared language, (b) allows them to read any math book, (c) serves as an explanation to other students and colleagues, and (d) makes it easy to find and fix errors and disputes.
Example interaction from yesterday (day 9 of the fall semester): One student has garbled the writing of a polynomial multiplication; I point this out, and she does the "But I got the right answer" bit. I ask, "But what's the number one goal for the course?". She says, "I don't know" (which even she can tell is not a good response), and almost all the rest of the class calls out, "Reading and writing math properly".
So this makes the expectation very clear, and by talking about it as item #1, I get the majority of the class on my side, and the community standard (peer pressure) works greatly in my favor. There aren't many silver bullets in teaching, but I'm delighted at how effectively this one works for me.
(P.S.: While the above is math-specific, I think the basic idea of setting a reading/writing/justifying "top goal" can work in many classes. E.g., in my C++ programming course I start with a quote from Bjarne Stroustrup, "Design and programming are human activities; forget that and all is lost", and then likewise emphasize making one's code readable to other programmers via a common style. As Ken Bain writes in *What the Best College Teachers Do*, "Finally, the best educators often teach students how to read the materials..." [Ch. 4]). | Some students can be extremely proud (or arrogant), especially if they have been straight A students their whole lives. You may be better off explaining to them that there is a huge gap between the math they have learned in K-12 and the point where college starts off. Effectively suggesting that there are things they need to learn in addition to what they already know instead of implying that they didn't learn anything. |
8,585,759 | In a form im using textarea with ckeditor support.
The user wil have the flexibility to add as many textareas as he wants and the ckeditors are also to load simultaneously.
now the difficulty im finding is that to validate the static textarea with ckeditor provided as well as the dynamically loaded 1s by the user.
plz suggest me the solution... | 2011/12/21 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/8585759",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1109239/"
] | Personally I would test this using fixtures (or rather, FactoryGirl). Since you're really testing your sql/database code it seems silly to me not to test this in the database. Unless you have a seperate sql unittesting setup or something (which seems like overkill to me ;) (in most scenarios)) | I'm not a big fan of spaghetti SQL like this, because it becomes painfully difficult to test. I would say the easiest way to test this would be to do something like the following:
1. Add "Buckets" to your test database
2. Make sure you put some of them in states that these conditions will/will not pass
3. Test results, making sure you did get what you wanted and didn't get what you didn't
That's how I would do it, anyway.
Hope this helps! |
6,408,845 | I'm not very well versed in the iPhone and Android API, so please bear with me if this is a stupid question.
As I understand it, Square's card reader works by converting the magnetic information on the card stripe into an audio tone that its software can then process. [1]
In a similar way, is there a way to somehow read what exactly is being displayed on the device screen simply through a small device inserted into the audio jack on that device?
[1] <http://www.quora.com/How-does-Squares-hardware-work> | 2011/06/20 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/6408845",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/342259/"
] | No. The screen is not connected to the audio jack. | For this kind of task, there is built in camera |
6,408,845 | I'm not very well versed in the iPhone and Android API, so please bear with me if this is a stupid question.
As I understand it, Square's card reader works by converting the magnetic information on the card stripe into an audio tone that its software can then process. [1]
In a similar way, is there a way to somehow read what exactly is being displayed on the device screen simply through a small device inserted into the audio jack on that device?
[1] <http://www.quora.com/How-does-Squares-hardware-work> | 2011/06/20 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/6408845",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/342259/"
] | It's not quite clear what you wish to achieve. You can indeed make an app that would output a [representation](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulation) (perhaps [audio frequency-shift keying](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_frequency-shift_keying#Audio_FSK)?) of the screen's contents to the iPhone's audio jack.
The iPhone (and other iOS-based devices) use [TRRS connectors](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRS_connector) for bi-directional audio (and hence arbitrary modulated data) communication and there are well-supported publicly-documented APIs for using these interfaces.
That said, if you're writing your own app: why would you want to output the contents of the screen? If you are developing the app in question, why not transmit the salient data in a more effective manner? Which leads me to my next assumption:
You want to read what's being displayed on the device's screen at *any* time, not just when an app of your creation is open. In this case, the answer is that it is not possible, with the possible exception of a jailbroken solution. That said, I can't imagine a jailbroken solution being useful much longer on account of iOS 5 introduced "display mirroring" by means of AirPlay.
---
On Android, I have no idea. :-) | No. The screen is not connected to the audio jack. |
6,408,845 | I'm not very well versed in the iPhone and Android API, so please bear with me if this is a stupid question.
As I understand it, Square's card reader works by converting the magnetic information on the card stripe into an audio tone that its software can then process. [1]
In a similar way, is there a way to somehow read what exactly is being displayed on the device screen simply through a small device inserted into the audio jack on that device?
[1] <http://www.quora.com/How-does-Squares-hardware-work> | 2011/06/20 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/6408845",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/342259/"
] | I think you can make an app to take a screenshot and then encode that photo as music to play it.
It won't sound good though :) | For this kind of task, there is built in camera |
6,408,845 | I'm not very well versed in the iPhone and Android API, so please bear with me if this is a stupid question.
As I understand it, Square's card reader works by converting the magnetic information on the card stripe into an audio tone that its software can then process. [1]
In a similar way, is there a way to somehow read what exactly is being displayed on the device screen simply through a small device inserted into the audio jack on that device?
[1] <http://www.quora.com/How-does-Squares-hardware-work> | 2011/06/20 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/6408845",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/342259/"
] | It's not quite clear what you wish to achieve. You can indeed make an app that would output a [representation](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulation) (perhaps [audio frequency-shift keying](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_frequency-shift_keying#Audio_FSK)?) of the screen's contents to the iPhone's audio jack.
The iPhone (and other iOS-based devices) use [TRRS connectors](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRS_connector) for bi-directional audio (and hence arbitrary modulated data) communication and there are well-supported publicly-documented APIs for using these interfaces.
That said, if you're writing your own app: why would you want to output the contents of the screen? If you are developing the app in question, why not transmit the salient data in a more effective manner? Which leads me to my next assumption:
You want to read what's being displayed on the device's screen at *any* time, not just when an app of your creation is open. In this case, the answer is that it is not possible, with the possible exception of a jailbroken solution. That said, I can't imagine a jailbroken solution being useful much longer on account of iOS 5 introduced "display mirroring" by means of AirPlay.
---
On Android, I have no idea. :-) | For this kind of task, there is built in camera |
6,408,845 | I'm not very well versed in the iPhone and Android API, so please bear with me if this is a stupid question.
As I understand it, Square's card reader works by converting the magnetic information on the card stripe into an audio tone that its software can then process. [1]
In a similar way, is there a way to somehow read what exactly is being displayed on the device screen simply through a small device inserted into the audio jack on that device?
[1] <http://www.quora.com/How-does-Squares-hardware-work> | 2011/06/20 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/6408845",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/342259/"
] | It's not quite clear what you wish to achieve. You can indeed make an app that would output a [representation](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulation) (perhaps [audio frequency-shift keying](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_frequency-shift_keying#Audio_FSK)?) of the screen's contents to the iPhone's audio jack.
The iPhone (and other iOS-based devices) use [TRRS connectors](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRS_connector) for bi-directional audio (and hence arbitrary modulated data) communication and there are well-supported publicly-documented APIs for using these interfaces.
That said, if you're writing your own app: why would you want to output the contents of the screen? If you are developing the app in question, why not transmit the salient data in a more effective manner? Which leads me to my next assumption:
You want to read what's being displayed on the device's screen at *any* time, not just when an app of your creation is open. In this case, the answer is that it is not possible, with the possible exception of a jailbroken solution. That said, I can't imagine a jailbroken solution being useful much longer on account of iOS 5 introduced "display mirroring" by means of AirPlay.
---
On Android, I have no idea. :-) | I think you can make an app to take a screenshot and then encode that photo as music to play it.
It won't sound good though :) |
152,670 | I've read that it can be dangerous for your computer to try to run Ubuntu and that the safest option is to run it on an external hard drive. Is this true?
(I don't want to run it through a Virtual Machine.) I would prefer to dual boot it, given that my hard drive has so much space.
**Update:** So does this mean that even if I have Ubuntu installed, that my data would still be at risk due to, say, stability issues? | 2012/06/18 | [
"https://askubuntu.com/questions/152670",
"https://askubuntu.com",
"https://askubuntu.com/users/71521/"
] | It's actually very much possible. There is always a risk of loosing data, so back up first. But it worked well for me. I wrote an extensive guide [here](http://tech-devnet.blogspot.de/2012/05/running-ubuntu-1204-on-mac.html). The trickiest part is the work with EFI, since Macs don't have a BIOS. Be sure to check [compatibility](https://wiki.ubuntu.com/MactelSupportTeam/DocGuidlines) with your Hardware. | If you want to have the best performance, you will want to dual-boot your machine and use an internal hard disk.
It's not *dangerous* to install Ubuntu, simply because it doesn't have the ability to hose your hardware, but it can be dangerous to your important data if you don't know what you're doing.
The Ubuntu installer should guide you through partitioning very easily, but it would be wise for you to back your data up first. |
322,470 | So i want to make a rgb led strip setup with irfz44n mosfets. The datasheet says that once 4.5v is applied on the gate the mosfet will start to let through about 9 amps. My psu is only 5 amps. Does this mean i can't dim the colors when using the arduino's analog pins?
EDIT:
Sorry for not being clear. I want to power my common anode led strip with a 12v 5a psu. Every color (red, green blue obviously) is connected to his own mosfet's drain, source pin going back to the psu's and arduino's ground. The gate i want to power with an arduinos analog pin. My question now is, will i be able to dim the leds since the gate-to-source picture on the datasheet says at 4.5 volts on the gate the mosfet will start to let 9 amps flowing from drain to source. | 2017/08/05 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/322470",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/158971/"
] | IRFZ44N can't be driven from 5V (the datasheet specifies no RdsON for Vgs=5V).
See this answer, which is basically the same problem, and use the same FET.
<https://electronics.stackexchange.com/a/322098/13616> | Regarding current.
*let through about 9 amps*
9 Amp is the maximum current the MOSFET can handle at that VGS without becoming to hot and break down and fail. If your LED consumes 5 Amp then you are below the maximum limit of 9 Amp = OK! |
86,279 | Sorry, if I'm a bit verbose here, but since I don't understand the problem, I have difficulties to describe it.
I created an artificial horizon using an Adafruit precision 9 DoF sensors and their AHRS SW pack, which is quite sophisticated using Kalman Filters and Covariance matrices for fusion. On my dev table, everything works fine. Roll, pitch, yaw, tilt compensated heading, even if I shake it. I clipped it onto my shaver to simulate vibration, everything OK! Hence, I believe its not a HW or SW problem.
The problem occurs when I mount the device onto my ultra light aircraft. Pitch and Yaw/compass course remain OK, but roll becomes strange. When I turn, the roll axis moves into the right direction, but not enough (say 30° instead of 45) and even if I keep turning at the same bank angle, the roll axis displayed moves back to horizontal. As I said, when I turn the sensor from 0° to 45° on the ground, it rolls from 0 to 45 and stays there!
So the only difference is, IMHO the fact that on my dev table, things are pretty stable, while in the air, the sensor moves at 180 Km/h and in curves there might be some issues from centrifugal forces, which dilute the accelerator values and the Kalman filter tries to correct the Gyro rate by an exorbitated accelerometer value, which are normalized, showing 0.99g when flat on the table.
Any suggestion ? | 2021/04/01 | [
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/86279",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/users/45114/"
] | **The problem**
As already pointed out in some of the comments, this is a structural problem of using an IMU-only AHRS unit. This unit cannot distinguish between acceleration due to centrifugal force, and acceleration due to gravitational forces (of earth).
For example imagine that you fly level, and then roll into a coordinated turn. The short-term roll-rotation will be picked up by the gyroscope, however in the coordinated turn itself the AHRS only "sees" a constant acceleration through its local z-axis (because you are in a coordinated turn). The gyroscopes on the other hand, will not see any movement at all. Therefore the filter will (over time) assume level flight. In essence, you cannot distinguish between gravitational forces and centrifugal forces in forward flight with the accelerometer alone.
**Ways to solve this problem**
I am aware of two ways of fixing this problem:
1. Buy a good gyroscope: If you buy a very good gyroscope, you can simply use its measurements and completly omit the accelerometer. However even good MEMS Gyroscopes still have considerable drift (typically you will notice an roll-angle drift after a couple of minutes). If you are willing to spend your life savings (I belive the price tag is 250k$) on a [Ring Laser Gyroscope](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring_laser_gyroscope), you can also solve your problem. Fun fact: A couple of flat earthers [bough one of these devices](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7vrP8EplfP0) and ultimatively measured the earths rotation...
2. If you are on a Budget however, it may be cheaper (and more reliable) to give your algorithm some sort of velocity feedback. Typically, this is either a [GPS unit](https://inertialsense.com/product/ahrs/) (which not only produce a measurement of position, but also a velocity measurement), or a velocity measurement based on a [pitot tube](https://www.air-store.eu/901090C). With this measurement available, the centrifugal force can be calculated and be accounted for.
**Implementation**
How can you implement this in software? Well either you take existing projects from any of the common flight controllers like [Ardupilot](https://github.com/ArduPilot/ardupilot), or [betaflight](https://github.com/betaflight/betaflight) and adapt these to your needs (not knowing your hardware, I cannot tell you how labor-intensive this will be). Or you try to program your own estimation unit based on your IMU and velocity sensor. Before you try to figure out everything by yourself, I would recommend to first take a look at existing Software, which already implements everything necessary. In a nutshell, you just have to program a relatively simple Kalman filter based on the known equations of motion of a 6-DoF point which also estimates the gyro offsets. A very good example of how such a filter is designed can be found on the [PX4 project](https://github.com/PX4/PX4-Autopilot) (yet another flight control stack), which [details](https://github.com/PX4/PX4-ECL/blob/master/EKF/documentation/Process%20and%20Observation%20Models.pdf) how their Kalman filter is built up. One (open access paper) detailing such an implementation can be found [here](https://www.icas.org/ICAS_ARCHIVE/ICAS2010/PAPERS/569.PDF). I would regard this as the state of the art, and how one would commonly address this problem. The block diagram is displayed here:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/vb12F.png)
Another implementation hinging on a simpler complementary filter, is described in [this](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5191082/) paper. Based on some minor assumptions it removes the centrifugal force via the airspeed, and uses the centrifugal-force-free acceleration as an input to a complementary filter. Although the used IMU is very high quality, and no algorithm for bias and drift compensation is used, you might get this to work with some adjustments. The block diagram is quite compact:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/VGgdU.png)
Disclaimer: I have no affiliation nor contact with any of the authors of the aforementioned papers. I do not own any of the images displayed here, these are directly taken from the papers.
P.S.: Interestingly enough, I also came across [this](https://www.openflightsolutions.com/ahrs-challenge-the-rules/) link which offers some bounty for an open-source software implementation of such an AHRS unit. | Disclaimer: I am not familiar with the Adafruit software. My experience is more related to the filter software by [Sebastian Madgwick](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/23599256/implementing-madgwick-imu-algorithm).
MEMS gyros are poor in comparison with state-of-the-art [fiber gyros](https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/42801/what-do-the-gyroscopes-used-in-commercial-aircraft-actually-look-like/42813#42813) which shows in their level of noise and bias. The result is drift: [Random walk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_walk) from noise plus a steadily increasing error from the integration of the rotation rate bias over time. To compensate, the software will compare the orientation with the direction of gravity and nudge the orientation such that the horizon is perpendicular to gravity. This works nicely on the ground but fails as soon as the sensor is subject to a rotation which will add centrifugal acceleration.
That the roll axis moves initially with the roll movement is due to the fact that with every integration step the Kalman filter will apply only a percentage of the correction suggested by the gravity vector. Over time, this correction will then move the indicated horizon parallel with your wings. This is a bit as if you pull the cage knob of a mechanical gyro but that pulling will only move the roll axis a small fraction each time.
If you have the possibility to change the software, I would suggest to set the gravity correction to zero in the Kalman filter and to carefully calibrate the sensor before each flight. Second, add a button that allows to set the horizon to level so you can reset the horizon when you fly wings level. This is how the old mechanical artificial horizons work, too.
Trying to make the gravity correction conditional on the magnitude of the gravity vector will now run into problems with the noise of the accelerometer. You might have success by lowpass filtering the accelerometer and only when you see more than 1g in the filtered signal will you drive the gain in the Kalman filter to zero.
There are [much better sensors](https://datasheet.octopart.com/ADIS16460AMLZ-Analog-Devices-datasheet-62096679.pdf) around than what Adafruit uses, but they are more expensive. However, when you consider the time you sink into working with them, the better performance might well be worth the price. Maybe half of the cost is caused by factory calibration, but then they come with individual compensation tables which will greatly improve their accuracy. |
86,279 | Sorry, if I'm a bit verbose here, but since I don't understand the problem, I have difficulties to describe it.
I created an artificial horizon using an Adafruit precision 9 DoF sensors and their AHRS SW pack, which is quite sophisticated using Kalman Filters and Covariance matrices for fusion. On my dev table, everything works fine. Roll, pitch, yaw, tilt compensated heading, even if I shake it. I clipped it onto my shaver to simulate vibration, everything OK! Hence, I believe its not a HW or SW problem.
The problem occurs when I mount the device onto my ultra light aircraft. Pitch and Yaw/compass course remain OK, but roll becomes strange. When I turn, the roll axis moves into the right direction, but not enough (say 30° instead of 45) and even if I keep turning at the same bank angle, the roll axis displayed moves back to horizontal. As I said, when I turn the sensor from 0° to 45° on the ground, it rolls from 0 to 45 and stays there!
So the only difference is, IMHO the fact that on my dev table, things are pretty stable, while in the air, the sensor moves at 180 Km/h and in curves there might be some issues from centrifugal forces, which dilute the accelerator values and the Kalman filter tries to correct the Gyro rate by an exorbitated accelerometer value, which are normalized, showing 0.99g when flat on the table.
Any suggestion ? | 2021/04/01 | [
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/86279",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/users/45114/"
] | **The problem**
As already pointed out in some of the comments, this is a structural problem of using an IMU-only AHRS unit. This unit cannot distinguish between acceleration due to centrifugal force, and acceleration due to gravitational forces (of earth).
For example imagine that you fly level, and then roll into a coordinated turn. The short-term roll-rotation will be picked up by the gyroscope, however in the coordinated turn itself the AHRS only "sees" a constant acceleration through its local z-axis (because you are in a coordinated turn). The gyroscopes on the other hand, will not see any movement at all. Therefore the filter will (over time) assume level flight. In essence, you cannot distinguish between gravitational forces and centrifugal forces in forward flight with the accelerometer alone.
**Ways to solve this problem**
I am aware of two ways of fixing this problem:
1. Buy a good gyroscope: If you buy a very good gyroscope, you can simply use its measurements and completly omit the accelerometer. However even good MEMS Gyroscopes still have considerable drift (typically you will notice an roll-angle drift after a couple of minutes). If you are willing to spend your life savings (I belive the price tag is 250k$) on a [Ring Laser Gyroscope](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring_laser_gyroscope), you can also solve your problem. Fun fact: A couple of flat earthers [bough one of these devices](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7vrP8EplfP0) and ultimatively measured the earths rotation...
2. If you are on a Budget however, it may be cheaper (and more reliable) to give your algorithm some sort of velocity feedback. Typically, this is either a [GPS unit](https://inertialsense.com/product/ahrs/) (which not only produce a measurement of position, but also a velocity measurement), or a velocity measurement based on a [pitot tube](https://www.air-store.eu/901090C). With this measurement available, the centrifugal force can be calculated and be accounted for.
**Implementation**
How can you implement this in software? Well either you take existing projects from any of the common flight controllers like [Ardupilot](https://github.com/ArduPilot/ardupilot), or [betaflight](https://github.com/betaflight/betaflight) and adapt these to your needs (not knowing your hardware, I cannot tell you how labor-intensive this will be). Or you try to program your own estimation unit based on your IMU and velocity sensor. Before you try to figure out everything by yourself, I would recommend to first take a look at existing Software, which already implements everything necessary. In a nutshell, you just have to program a relatively simple Kalman filter based on the known equations of motion of a 6-DoF point which also estimates the gyro offsets. A very good example of how such a filter is designed can be found on the [PX4 project](https://github.com/PX4/PX4-Autopilot) (yet another flight control stack), which [details](https://github.com/PX4/PX4-ECL/blob/master/EKF/documentation/Process%20and%20Observation%20Models.pdf) how their Kalman filter is built up. One (open access paper) detailing such an implementation can be found [here](https://www.icas.org/ICAS_ARCHIVE/ICAS2010/PAPERS/569.PDF). I would regard this as the state of the art, and how one would commonly address this problem. The block diagram is displayed here:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/vb12F.png)
Another implementation hinging on a simpler complementary filter, is described in [this](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5191082/) paper. Based on some minor assumptions it removes the centrifugal force via the airspeed, and uses the centrifugal-force-free acceleration as an input to a complementary filter. Although the used IMU is very high quality, and no algorithm for bias and drift compensation is used, you might get this to work with some adjustments. The block diagram is quite compact:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/VGgdU.png)
Disclaimer: I have no affiliation nor contact with any of the authors of the aforementioned papers. I do not own any of the images displayed here, these are directly taken from the papers.
P.S.: Interestingly enough, I also came across [this](https://www.openflightsolutions.com/ahrs-challenge-the-rules/) link which offers some bounty for an open-source software implementation of such an AHRS unit. | To whom it may concern. Since I have started the question, let me now report the solution. Take it w/ a grain of salt, because it works for a micro light ACFT and nothing else. The problem is sufficiently well described here above, hence I just talk about the solution. Other than on the ground, the accelerometer(ACM) undergoes additional forces in curved flights (mainly centrifugal); hence the solution is eliminating the additional force b4 the ACM is used to correct the Gyro by the means of a Kalman Filter.
I will calculate an example, using v= 160Kts and B=30° Bank. all in [m,Kg,s,rad]
The radius of such a curve calculates [F1]: r=v² / g / tan(B) = 82.3² /9.81/0.577 =1197m.
The centrifugal acc calculates [F2] ac= v²/r = 5.65 m/s
However, since we are looking for the bank angle, we are stuck in a vicious circle, because we need the bank angle for calculating the a.m. formulas! So what is the solution? Well the solution is in the circular velocity, or rate of turn (RoT).
RoT= g \* tan(B)/v; in our case 9.81 \* 0.577/82.3 = 0.0688 = 3.94°/s. Now the trick! If we know the RoT, we can calculate B by solving the equation to B=arc tan(RoT \* v/g). But how do we know our RoT?? Well we just read our Gyro z-Axis! We now substitute in [F1] and [F2] B by the formula above getting: ac= g\* tan( arctan(RoT\*v/g)) hence ac=RoT \* v. V we read from IAS or GPS (there are caveats around it) and RoT from the Gyro z-Axis. Making the proof: reading 160Kts from IAS and 3.94 DPS from Gyro gives us the well known 5.65 m/s acceleration of the centrifugal force. Since the accelerometer measures the gravity, we need to convert the ac (5.65 m/s) into g by dividing it by 9.81 m/s. Hence the additional g-force of the centrifugal force calculates: gc= 5.65/9.81= 0.575g. To finally, we just subtract the 0.575g from the ACM y-axis value before we feed it into the Kalman Filter and by the above magic, the artificial horizon now shows a constant bank angle when flying a curve, good enough for me in an ultra light ACFT.
Yours
hk |
86,279 | Sorry, if I'm a bit verbose here, but since I don't understand the problem, I have difficulties to describe it.
I created an artificial horizon using an Adafruit precision 9 DoF sensors and their AHRS SW pack, which is quite sophisticated using Kalman Filters and Covariance matrices for fusion. On my dev table, everything works fine. Roll, pitch, yaw, tilt compensated heading, even if I shake it. I clipped it onto my shaver to simulate vibration, everything OK! Hence, I believe its not a HW or SW problem.
The problem occurs when I mount the device onto my ultra light aircraft. Pitch and Yaw/compass course remain OK, but roll becomes strange. When I turn, the roll axis moves into the right direction, but not enough (say 30° instead of 45) and even if I keep turning at the same bank angle, the roll axis displayed moves back to horizontal. As I said, when I turn the sensor from 0° to 45° on the ground, it rolls from 0 to 45 and stays there!
So the only difference is, IMHO the fact that on my dev table, things are pretty stable, while in the air, the sensor moves at 180 Km/h and in curves there might be some issues from centrifugal forces, which dilute the accelerator values and the Kalman filter tries to correct the Gyro rate by an exorbitated accelerometer value, which are normalized, showing 0.99g when flat on the table.
Any suggestion ? | 2021/04/01 | [
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/86279",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/users/45114/"
] | Disclaimer: I am not familiar with the Adafruit software. My experience is more related to the filter software by [Sebastian Madgwick](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/23599256/implementing-madgwick-imu-algorithm).
MEMS gyros are poor in comparison with state-of-the-art [fiber gyros](https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/42801/what-do-the-gyroscopes-used-in-commercial-aircraft-actually-look-like/42813#42813) which shows in their level of noise and bias. The result is drift: [Random walk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_walk) from noise plus a steadily increasing error from the integration of the rotation rate bias over time. To compensate, the software will compare the orientation with the direction of gravity and nudge the orientation such that the horizon is perpendicular to gravity. This works nicely on the ground but fails as soon as the sensor is subject to a rotation which will add centrifugal acceleration.
That the roll axis moves initially with the roll movement is due to the fact that with every integration step the Kalman filter will apply only a percentage of the correction suggested by the gravity vector. Over time, this correction will then move the indicated horizon parallel with your wings. This is a bit as if you pull the cage knob of a mechanical gyro but that pulling will only move the roll axis a small fraction each time.
If you have the possibility to change the software, I would suggest to set the gravity correction to zero in the Kalman filter and to carefully calibrate the sensor before each flight. Second, add a button that allows to set the horizon to level so you can reset the horizon when you fly wings level. This is how the old mechanical artificial horizons work, too.
Trying to make the gravity correction conditional on the magnitude of the gravity vector will now run into problems with the noise of the accelerometer. You might have success by lowpass filtering the accelerometer and only when you see more than 1g in the filtered signal will you drive the gain in the Kalman filter to zero.
There are [much better sensors](https://datasheet.octopart.com/ADIS16460AMLZ-Analog-Devices-datasheet-62096679.pdf) around than what Adafruit uses, but they are more expensive. However, when you consider the time you sink into working with them, the better performance might well be worth the price. Maybe half of the cost is caused by factory calibration, but then they come with individual compensation tables which will greatly improve their accuracy. | To whom it may concern. Since I have started the question, let me now report the solution. Take it w/ a grain of salt, because it works for a micro light ACFT and nothing else. The problem is sufficiently well described here above, hence I just talk about the solution. Other than on the ground, the accelerometer(ACM) undergoes additional forces in curved flights (mainly centrifugal); hence the solution is eliminating the additional force b4 the ACM is used to correct the Gyro by the means of a Kalman Filter.
I will calculate an example, using v= 160Kts and B=30° Bank. all in [m,Kg,s,rad]
The radius of such a curve calculates [F1]: r=v² / g / tan(B) = 82.3² /9.81/0.577 =1197m.
The centrifugal acc calculates [F2] ac= v²/r = 5.65 m/s
However, since we are looking for the bank angle, we are stuck in a vicious circle, because we need the bank angle for calculating the a.m. formulas! So what is the solution? Well the solution is in the circular velocity, or rate of turn (RoT).
RoT= g \* tan(B)/v; in our case 9.81 \* 0.577/82.3 = 0.0688 = 3.94°/s. Now the trick! If we know the RoT, we can calculate B by solving the equation to B=arc tan(RoT \* v/g). But how do we know our RoT?? Well we just read our Gyro z-Axis! We now substitute in [F1] and [F2] B by the formula above getting: ac= g\* tan( arctan(RoT\*v/g)) hence ac=RoT \* v. V we read from IAS or GPS (there are caveats around it) and RoT from the Gyro z-Axis. Making the proof: reading 160Kts from IAS and 3.94 DPS from Gyro gives us the well known 5.65 m/s acceleration of the centrifugal force. Since the accelerometer measures the gravity, we need to convert the ac (5.65 m/s) into g by dividing it by 9.81 m/s. Hence the additional g-force of the centrifugal force calculates: gc= 5.65/9.81= 0.575g. To finally, we just subtract the 0.575g from the ACM y-axis value before we feed it into the Kalman Filter and by the above magic, the artificial horizon now shows a constant bank angle when flying a curve, good enough for me in an ultra light ACFT.
Yours
hk |
66,266 | How can I determine the sites that are linking to a post within my blog? Or even just my blog in general?
Thank you! | 2009/09/17 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/66266",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/17176/"
] | Google Analytics is another extremely useful tool which is free to use. Google Analytics is displayed to visitors using JavaScript, so search bots and most spam bots etc. which do automated page requests but don't use JavaScript won't be counted (which is a good thing). In this way Google Analytics can give a better representation of the human visitors to your sites than log-based stats programs. | If you use wordpress in Blog Stats you can see Referrers. Referrers are other people pages that contain links to your blog. |
66,266 | How can I determine the sites that are linking to a post within my blog? Or even just my blog in general?
Thank you! | 2009/09/17 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/66266",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/17176/"
] | In Google you can type "link:<http://stackoverflow.com>" (for example) to find all the indexed links to your site. | If you use wordpress in Blog Stats you can see Referrers. Referrers are other people pages that contain links to your blog. |
66,266 | How can I determine the sites that are linking to a post within my blog? Or even just my blog in general?
Thank you! | 2009/09/17 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/66266",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/17176/"
] | If you use wordpress in Blog Stats you can see Referrers. Referrers are other people pages that contain links to your blog. | If you're using IIS then your log files can record the field cs(Referer) which will show when someone has come to your site via an external link... |
66,266 | How can I determine the sites that are linking to a post within my blog? Or even just my blog in general?
Thank you! | 2009/09/17 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/66266",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/17176/"
] | If you use wordpress in Blog Stats you can see Referrers. Referrers are other people pages that contain links to your blog. | [Google webmaster tools](https://www.google.com/webmasters/tools/home?hl=en) let you see who's linking to you without invasive analytics of any kind. |
66,266 | How can I determine the sites that are linking to a post within my blog? Or even just my blog in general?
Thank you! | 2009/09/17 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/66266",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/17176/"
] | In Google you can type "link:<http://stackoverflow.com>" (for example) to find all the indexed links to your site. | Google Analytics is another extremely useful tool which is free to use. Google Analytics is displayed to visitors using JavaScript, so search bots and most spam bots etc. which do automated page requests but don't use JavaScript won't be counted (which is a good thing). In this way Google Analytics can give a better representation of the human visitors to your sites than log-based stats programs. |
66,266 | How can I determine the sites that are linking to a post within my blog? Or even just my blog in general?
Thank you! | 2009/09/17 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/66266",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/17176/"
] | Google Analytics is another extremely useful tool which is free to use. Google Analytics is displayed to visitors using JavaScript, so search bots and most spam bots etc. which do automated page requests but don't use JavaScript won't be counted (which is a good thing). In this way Google Analytics can give a better representation of the human visitors to your sites than log-based stats programs. | If you're using IIS then your log files can record the field cs(Referer) which will show when someone has come to your site via an external link... |
66,266 | How can I determine the sites that are linking to a post within my blog? Or even just my blog in general?
Thank you! | 2009/09/17 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/66266",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/17176/"
] | Google Analytics is another extremely useful tool which is free to use. Google Analytics is displayed to visitors using JavaScript, so search bots and most spam bots etc. which do automated page requests but don't use JavaScript won't be counted (which is a good thing). In this way Google Analytics can give a better representation of the human visitors to your sites than log-based stats programs. | [Google webmaster tools](https://www.google.com/webmasters/tools/home?hl=en) let you see who's linking to you without invasive analytics of any kind. |
66,266 | How can I determine the sites that are linking to a post within my blog? Or even just my blog in general?
Thank you! | 2009/09/17 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/66266",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/17176/"
] | In Google you can type "link:<http://stackoverflow.com>" (for example) to find all the indexed links to your site. | If you're using IIS then your log files can record the field cs(Referer) which will show when someone has come to your site via an external link... |
66,266 | How can I determine the sites that are linking to a post within my blog? Or even just my blog in general?
Thank you! | 2009/09/17 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/66266",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/17176/"
] | In Google you can type "link:<http://stackoverflow.com>" (for example) to find all the indexed links to your site. | [Google webmaster tools](https://www.google.com/webmasters/tools/home?hl=en) let you see who's linking to you without invasive analytics of any kind. |
440,406 | I have a problem in restoring my php.ini in the server. I was changing some line but I accidentally cut off and save.
Any idea how to restore it back?
Environment:
CentOS release 6.3 (Final) x86\_64
PHP 5.3.17 | 2012/10/19 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/440406",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/141769/"
] | Restore from a backup.
Sorry, there's no magic sysadmin way to recover a file you deleted/saved over/set on fire/etc. | You're out of luck as far as 'undeleting' it is concerned.
It's possible to restore one file from an RPM, see [here](http://www.linux-noob.com/forums/index.php?/topic/355-extract-1-file-from-rpm/) for an example. |
17,689,162 | I'm now sorting some data using a VBA code. ( for some search feature)
After my search is complete I would like to unsort the data back into its original form.
How do I do that?
Thanks. | 2013/07/17 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/17689162",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/2589436/"
] | Just make a copy of the data before sort and set it back..
Other way: you need preserve keys before sort (with hash map) and resort array (after main sort) again by those keys. | I am not sure how to do it using VBA coding. However, you've two options provided you haven't saved changes, if any:
1. Before sorting add a column with numbers running from 1. Then if you want to restore your sort, you can then sort on this column.
2. In MS Excel 2010 version there is an option to unsort multiple/many columns in excel in one go:
HOME->EDITING->SORT &FILTER drop down menu->CLEAR.
This will clear all the columns/rows in the that Worksheet. |
17,689,162 | I'm now sorting some data using a VBA code. ( for some search feature)
After my search is complete I would like to unsort the data back into its original form.
How do I do that?
Thanks. | 2013/07/17 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/17689162",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/2589436/"
] | Just make a copy of the data before sort and set it back..
Other way: you need preserve keys before sort (with hash map) and resort array (after main sort) again by those keys. | Ctrl+Z undoes the action if you have not saved it. Another option is to create another sheet and paste the data in there to use as a backup. |
17,689,162 | I'm now sorting some data using a VBA code. ( for some search feature)
After my search is complete I would like to unsort the data back into its original form.
How do I do that?
Thanks. | 2013/07/17 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/17689162",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/2589436/"
] | Just make a copy of the data before sort and set it back..
Other way: you need preserve keys before sort (with hash map) and resort array (after main sort) again by those keys. | This is something I had to resolve of late as well. This is how I did it.
1. Create a temporary index (just numbers 1..n) in the last sortcolumn + 1
2. Include the temporary index column in the sort
3. Do sorting and processing
4. Sort using the temporary index
5. Clear/delete the temporary index column
Hope this helps someone. |
17,689,162 | I'm now sorting some data using a VBA code. ( for some search feature)
After my search is complete I would like to unsort the data back into its original form.
How do I do that?
Thanks. | 2013/07/17 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/17689162",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/2589436/"
] | I am not sure how to do it using VBA coding. However, you've two options provided you haven't saved changes, if any:
1. Before sorting add a column with numbers running from 1. Then if you want to restore your sort, you can then sort on this column.
2. In MS Excel 2010 version there is an option to unsort multiple/many columns in excel in one go:
HOME->EDITING->SORT &FILTER drop down menu->CLEAR.
This will clear all the columns/rows in the that Worksheet. | Ctrl+Z undoes the action if you have not saved it. Another option is to create another sheet and paste the data in there to use as a backup. |
17,689,162 | I'm now sorting some data using a VBA code. ( for some search feature)
After my search is complete I would like to unsort the data back into its original form.
How do I do that?
Thanks. | 2013/07/17 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/17689162",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/2589436/"
] | I am not sure how to do it using VBA coding. However, you've two options provided you haven't saved changes, if any:
1. Before sorting add a column with numbers running from 1. Then if you want to restore your sort, you can then sort on this column.
2. In MS Excel 2010 version there is an option to unsort multiple/many columns in excel in one go:
HOME->EDITING->SORT &FILTER drop down menu->CLEAR.
This will clear all the columns/rows in the that Worksheet. | This is something I had to resolve of late as well. This is how I did it.
1. Create a temporary index (just numbers 1..n) in the last sortcolumn + 1
2. Include the temporary index column in the sort
3. Do sorting and processing
4. Sort using the temporary index
5. Clear/delete the temporary index column
Hope this helps someone. |
5,406 | I've iPhone 3Gs and want to **download Google maps to use them offline with GPS**.
So is there a good app do that for me ?
Note: i don't want to jailbreak my iPhone. | 2010/11/21 | [
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/5406",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | NO.
===
You can't download stuff like that for offline without a jailbreak. | I know it's not very helpful but some Android phones do have this capability.
<http://www.htc.com/www/product/desirehd/overview.html> for example. |
5,406 | I've iPhone 3Gs and want to **download Google maps to use them offline with GPS**.
So is there a good app do that for me ?
Note: i don't want to jailbreak my iPhone. | 2010/11/21 | [
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/5406",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | No, nor will you find one (in the official App Store). Storing the image tiles breaches Google's data licence. There are a bunch of apps that use OpenStreetMap, which has a more liberal licence. | NO.
===
You can't download stuff like that for offline without a jailbreak. |
5,406 | I've iPhone 3Gs and want to **download Google maps to use them offline with GPS**.
So is there a good app do that for me ?
Note: i don't want to jailbreak my iPhone. | 2010/11/21 | [
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/5406",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | NO.
===
You can't download stuff like that for offline without a jailbreak. | I would recommend
Offline+Maps
<https://itunes.apple.com/app/offline+maps/id502648393>
or
City maps 2 Go
<https://itunes.apple.com/app/city-maps-2go/id327783342> |
5,406 | I've iPhone 3Gs and want to **download Google maps to use them offline with GPS**.
So is there a good app do that for me ?
Note: i don't want to jailbreak my iPhone. | 2010/11/21 | [
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/5406",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | No, nor will you find one (in the official App Store). Storing the image tiles breaches Google's data licence. There are a bunch of apps that use OpenStreetMap, which has a more liberal licence. | I know it's not very helpful but some Android phones do have this capability.
<http://www.htc.com/www/product/desirehd/overview.html> for example. |
5,406 | I've iPhone 3Gs and want to **download Google maps to use them offline with GPS**.
So is there a good app do that for me ?
Note: i don't want to jailbreak my iPhone. | 2010/11/21 | [
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/5406",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | I know it's not very helpful but some Android phones do have this capability.
<http://www.htc.com/www/product/desirehd/overview.html> for example. | I would recommend
Offline+Maps
<https://itunes.apple.com/app/offline+maps/id502648393>
or
City maps 2 Go
<https://itunes.apple.com/app/city-maps-2go/id327783342> |
5,406 | I've iPhone 3Gs and want to **download Google maps to use them offline with GPS**.
So is there a good app do that for me ?
Note: i don't want to jailbreak my iPhone. | 2010/11/21 | [
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/5406",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | No, nor will you find one (in the official App Store). Storing the image tiles breaches Google's data licence. There are a bunch of apps that use OpenStreetMap, which has a more liberal licence. | I would recommend
Offline+Maps
<https://itunes.apple.com/app/offline+maps/id502648393>
or
City maps 2 Go
<https://itunes.apple.com/app/city-maps-2go/id327783342> |
867 | In connection with the moderator elections, we are holding a Q&A thread for the candidates. Questions collected [from an earlier thread](https://law.meta.stackexchange.com/q/862/60) have been compiled into this one, which shall now serve as the space for the candidates to provide their answers.
Due to the submission count, we have selected all provided questions as well as our back up questions for a total of 6 questions.
As a candidate, your job is simple - post an answer to this question, citing each of the questions and then post your answer to each question given in that same answer. For your convenience, I will include all of the questions in quote format with a break in between each, suitable for you to insert your answers. Just [copy the whole thing after the first set of three dashes](https://law.meta.stackexchange.com/revisions/e384fd9e-0856-4e80-b597-fc357436e981/view-source).Please consider putting your name at the top of your post so that readers will know who you are before they finish reading everything you have written, and also including a link to your answer on your nomination post.
Once all the answers have been compiled, this will serve as a transcript for voters to view the thoughts of their candidates, and will be appropriately linked in the Election page.
Good luck to all of the candidates!
**Oh, and when you've completed your answer, please provide a link to it after this blurb here, before that set of three dashes. Please leave the list of links in the order of submission.**
To save scrolling here are links to the submissions from each candidate (in order of submission):
* [New Alexandria](https://law.meta.stackexchange.com/a/869/60)
* [Shazamo Morebucks](https://law.meta.stackexchange.com/a/870/60)
* [StephanS](https://law.meta.stackexchange.com/a/871/10872)
* [Dale M](https://law.stackexchange.com/election/2#post-43756)
* [Pat W.](https://law.meta.stackexchange.com/a/874/60)
---
>
> 1. How would you deal with a user who produced a steady stream of valuable answers, but tends to generate a large number of arguments/flags from comments?
> 2. How would you handle a situation where another mod closed/deleted/etc a question that you feel shouldn't have been?
> 3. In your opinion, what do moderators do?
> 4. A diamond will be attached to everything you say and have said in the past, including questions, answers and comments. Everything you will do will be seen under a different light. How do you feel about that?
> 5. In what way do you feel that being a moderator will make you more effective as opposed to simply reaching 10k or 20k rep?
> 6. Law Stack Exchange has long struggled with the allowance or otherwise of questions seeking legal advice on specific matters, where answers can risk breaching laws against the unlicensed practise of law. Do you believe the current policies and practices on this matter are sufficient? Are these being appropriately executed? What changes would you like to say, and push for, if given moderator authority and tools (including any you have previously or currently raised)?
>
>
> | 2019/08/12 | [
"https://law.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/867",
"https://law.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://law.meta.stackexchange.com/users/60/"
] | I'm Shazamo Morebucks! I am a barrister qualified in the UK and hope to be a valuable member of the moderation team. [Link to my nomination post](https://law.stackexchange.com/election/2#post-43671)
>
> 1. How would you deal with a user who produced a steady stream of valuable answers, but tends to generate a large number of arguments/flags from comments?
>
>
>
I'm pretty sure most active users at law.se (including myself) have fallen into the pitfall of an extended argument, especially when one party happens to be an expert on the topic in question.
There should be a amount of leeway reserved for constructive discussion and criticism on an answer, but if this becomes excessive then the discussion should be moved to chat.
If discussion deteriorates in chat then moderation intervention is likely required.
>
> 2. How would you handle a situation where another mod closed/deleted/etc a question that you feel shouldn't have been?
>
>
>
I would open up a discussion in chat about whether a question should have been closed, and hopefully obtain input from the mod in question for the reasons why.
After which, a meta question may be opened so that mod policy may be reviewed or updated.
>
> 3. In your opinion, what do moderators do?
>
>
>
Moderators exist to ensure content in a forum meets a certain standard. Moderators do this by deleted/reviewing irrelevant content, and helping users who ask low quality questions/answers to improve their question/answer to meet community standards.
A good example is when a person comes on this site and asks a question clearly seeking legal advice. Such questions can be "converted" into hypothetical questions, after which they are permissible on this site. This happens all the time and is part of quality moderation
>
> 4. A diamond will be attached to everything you say and have said in the past, including questions, answers and comments. Everything you will do will be seen under a different light. How do you feel about that?
>
>
>
I would feel slightly apprehensive at the idea that all my work comes under scrutiny, but at the same time, I am willing to uphold this additional responsibility. It is natural for a moderator to be held to the standards to which he is supposed to protect.
If this means that I will come under scrutiny/criticism, I will accept it, and improve my content to reflect the standards to which I follow.
>
> 5. In what way do you feel that being a moderator will make you more effective as opposed to simply reaching 10k or 20k rep?
>
>
>
There are some questions, usually by new users, that require drastic moderation intervention, and I feel having the authority of a moderator will allow me to intervene when necessary and also help reach out to users that I am there to enforce community rules, and not just show my opinion.
>
> 6. Law Stack Exchange has long struggled with the allowance or otherwise of questions seeking legal advice on specific matters, where answers can risk breaching laws against the unlicensed practise of law.
>
>
> Do you believe the current policies and practices on this matter are sufficient? Are these being appropriately executed? What changes would you like to say, and push for, if given moderator authority and tools (including any you have previously or currently raised)?
>
>
>
It is a good policy that users here are not allowed to provide specific legal advice. The reason for this is to protect stack exchange from liability in jurisdictions where providing legal advice without a license / practicing certificate is illegal.
As a lawyer myself, I know how disastrous giving incorrect legal advice can be, an answer may be honest, genuine, and backed up by research, but unless you are a lawyer practicing in the relevant jurisdiction, there is always the chance that your advice is incorrect, and when someone relies on that advice to their own peril, this exposes you, and the website, to liability.
As mentioned in my earlier answer, the current recommended method when facing a request for specific legal advice is to change the question into a hypothetical question. That way, a person may receive the information they need and answerers have not created an attorney-client relationship. This protects everyone involved.
This policy should be enforced more strictly than it is. I myself have answered questions for specific legal advice, but as a moderator I will do more to help edit questions to ensure that this risk is mitigated. | NewAlexandria
=============
Hello all! [Nomination post here](https://law.stackexchange.com/election/2#post-43656)
It's been engaging to answer all the questions here, and the meta and commenting. Looking forward to your votes.
>
> 1. How would you deal with a user who produced a steady stream of valuable answers, but tends to generate a large number of arguments/flags from comments?
>
>
>
I have tended to see this kind of person wants to contribute, and just needs help to stay golden. With talk in chat or another kind of DM, usually there's a good middle ground. It's important to identify if the arguing is part of their MO/agenda. If it cannot be corrected I do think there has to be a line. An intelligent and argumentative used can scare away others because of the charisma involved.
>
> 2. How would you handle a situation where another mod closed/deleted/etc a question that you feel shouldn't have been?
>
>
>
With mod differences, Meta questions can be a great way to clarify what the community feels is best. Ideally no mod has problems discussing things in open forum. Where the issue may be sensitive, chat or other DMs.
>
> 3. In your opinion, what do moderators do?
>
>
>
I think that moderators set precedents, create consistency, and promote things that aid the growth of the community.
>
> 4. A diamond will be attached to everything you say and have said in the past, including questions, answers and comments. Everything you will do will be seen under a different light. How do you feel about that?
>
>
>
I always presume that I'm being viewed in this light; the diamond just makes it more likely that people will read that public history.
>
> 5. In what way do you feel that being a moderator will make you more effective as opposed to simply reaching 10k or 20k rep?
>
>
>
I like to clean things up; mod status makes this easier. Same as with question #2, I like to post these changes as proposals in meta, to garner feedback. It's a volunteer job, so is best to all be in agreement befofe using the time.
>
> 6. Law Stack Exchange has long struggled with the allowance or otherwise of questions seeking legal advice on specific matters, where answers can risk breaching laws against the unlicensed practice of law. Do you believe the current policies and practices on this matter are sufficient? Are these being appropriately executed? What changes would you like to say, and push for, if given moderator authority and tools (including any you have previously or currently raised)?
>
>
>
I think that we could be more consistent with providing a mod-comment that suggests better ways to ask the question so as to avoid seeking legal advice. This may take some discussion via chat, or meta, to coordinate the kinds of feedback that seem to be working
This is in lieu of having more-semantically-worded flags, beyond just "off-topic." Add more options with flagging a post is the ideal, because everyone tacitly learns the target, via how is worded. Then we could reflect on what Q&A and getting these flags, and whether others should have, too. The aim of this is to find new ways to support great Q&A. Same for answers that some may see as crossing a line for giving directed advice. We could also change the help pages to reflect these community flags.
I'll update with comments, rather than replying to each comment inline. |
867 | In connection with the moderator elections, we are holding a Q&A thread for the candidates. Questions collected [from an earlier thread](https://law.meta.stackexchange.com/q/862/60) have been compiled into this one, which shall now serve as the space for the candidates to provide their answers.
Due to the submission count, we have selected all provided questions as well as our back up questions for a total of 6 questions.
As a candidate, your job is simple - post an answer to this question, citing each of the questions and then post your answer to each question given in that same answer. For your convenience, I will include all of the questions in quote format with a break in between each, suitable for you to insert your answers. Just [copy the whole thing after the first set of three dashes](https://law.meta.stackexchange.com/revisions/e384fd9e-0856-4e80-b597-fc357436e981/view-source).Please consider putting your name at the top of your post so that readers will know who you are before they finish reading everything you have written, and also including a link to your answer on your nomination post.
Once all the answers have been compiled, this will serve as a transcript for voters to view the thoughts of their candidates, and will be appropriately linked in the Election page.
Good luck to all of the candidates!
**Oh, and when you've completed your answer, please provide a link to it after this blurb here, before that set of three dashes. Please leave the list of links in the order of submission.**
To save scrolling here are links to the submissions from each candidate (in order of submission):
* [New Alexandria](https://law.meta.stackexchange.com/a/869/60)
* [Shazamo Morebucks](https://law.meta.stackexchange.com/a/870/60)
* [StephanS](https://law.meta.stackexchange.com/a/871/10872)
* [Dale M](https://law.stackexchange.com/election/2#post-43756)
* [Pat W.](https://law.meta.stackexchange.com/a/874/60)
---
>
> 1. How would you deal with a user who produced a steady stream of valuable answers, but tends to generate a large number of arguments/flags from comments?
> 2. How would you handle a situation where another mod closed/deleted/etc a question that you feel shouldn't have been?
> 3. In your opinion, what do moderators do?
> 4. A diamond will be attached to everything you say and have said in the past, including questions, answers and comments. Everything you will do will be seen under a different light. How do you feel about that?
> 5. In what way do you feel that being a moderator will make you more effective as opposed to simply reaching 10k or 20k rep?
> 6. Law Stack Exchange has long struggled with the allowance or otherwise of questions seeking legal advice on specific matters, where answers can risk breaching laws against the unlicensed practise of law. Do you believe the current policies and practices on this matter are sufficient? Are these being appropriately executed? What changes would you like to say, and push for, if given moderator authority and tools (including any you have previously or currently raised)?
>
>
> | 2019/08/12 | [
"https://law.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/867",
"https://law.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://law.meta.stackexchange.com/users/60/"
] | >
> 1. How would you deal with a user who produced a steady stream of valuable answers, but tends to generate a large number of arguments/flags from comments?
>
>
>
I have no real issue with argument - its a law site after all, however, the appropriate place for it is in chat rather than in a lengthy string of to-and-fro comments and I would move these as appropriate.
This is different from a user who is breaking community norms and is justly raising flags of the "harassment, bigotry, or abuse" or the "unfriendly or unkind" type. There is no place for this in the Stack Exchange community. Occasional slips are forgivable but Users
who do this constantly and won't mend their ways after being approached by a moderator are not welcome.
>
> 2. How would you handle a situation where another mod closed/deleted/etc a question that you feel shouldn't have been?
>
>
>
I would discuss the matter with that moderator and exchange views - I am always open to the possibility that my understanding is wrong and I would expect them to have the same view of their own fallibility. Hopefully a consensus would be reached.
In general, because mods can close/delete etc questions with a single vote when it takes 5 high rep users to do the same, I would err on the side of leaving questions open for the community to decide what to do.
>
> 3. In your opinion, what do moderators do?
>
>
>
Primarily - housekeeping: deleting spam, closing clearly off-topic questions, removing abuse, deleting no longer relevant comments etc.
Secondarily - guiding a healthy community with a light touch.
>
> 4. A diamond will be attached to everything you say and have said in the past, including questions, answers and comments. Everything you will do will be seen under a different light. How do you feel about that?
>
>
>
Fine. I am happy to own my triumphs and my disasters.
>
> 5. In what way do you feel that being a moderator will make you more effective as opposed to simply reaching 10k or 20k rep?
>
>
>
I believe a moderators intervention should be less frequent but more decisive. From Stack Overflow's [A Theory of Moderation](https://stackoverflow.blog/2009/05/18/a-theory-of-moderation/):
>
> Moderators are human exception handlers, there to deal with those (hopefully rare) exceptional conditions that should not normally happen, but when they do, they can bring your entire community to a screaming halt — if you don’t have human exception handling in place.
>
>
>
Resolving disputes is what I do.
>
> 6. Law Stack Exchange has long struggled with the allowance or otherwise of questions seeking legal advice on specific matters, where answers can risk breaching laws against the unlicensed practise of law. Do you believe the current policies and practices on this matter are sufficient? Are these being appropriately executed? What changes would you like to say, and push for, if given moderator authority and tools (including any you have previously or currently raised)?
>
>
>
I believe the situation is a difficult one because, unlike other stacks, many of our new users come to law cold. People who use Stack Exchange are usually understand programming, for example. However, most people have (and need) only a rudimentary understanding of the law until something goes wrong and they are facing a confusing and intensely personal catastrophe. Because its about them, and they don't know the limits that apply on giving legal advice, they naturally ask these types of off-topic questions.
From experience, the community typically closes these questions using the canned reason *or* writes answers that deal with the generic rather than the specific. This seems to work. | NewAlexandria
=============
Hello all! [Nomination post here](https://law.stackexchange.com/election/2#post-43656)
It's been engaging to answer all the questions here, and the meta and commenting. Looking forward to your votes.
>
> 1. How would you deal with a user who produced a steady stream of valuable answers, but tends to generate a large number of arguments/flags from comments?
>
>
>
I have tended to see this kind of person wants to contribute, and just needs help to stay golden. With talk in chat or another kind of DM, usually there's a good middle ground. It's important to identify if the arguing is part of their MO/agenda. If it cannot be corrected I do think there has to be a line. An intelligent and argumentative used can scare away others because of the charisma involved.
>
> 2. How would you handle a situation where another mod closed/deleted/etc a question that you feel shouldn't have been?
>
>
>
With mod differences, Meta questions can be a great way to clarify what the community feels is best. Ideally no mod has problems discussing things in open forum. Where the issue may be sensitive, chat or other DMs.
>
> 3. In your opinion, what do moderators do?
>
>
>
I think that moderators set precedents, create consistency, and promote things that aid the growth of the community.
>
> 4. A diamond will be attached to everything you say and have said in the past, including questions, answers and comments. Everything you will do will be seen under a different light. How do you feel about that?
>
>
>
I always presume that I'm being viewed in this light; the diamond just makes it more likely that people will read that public history.
>
> 5. In what way do you feel that being a moderator will make you more effective as opposed to simply reaching 10k or 20k rep?
>
>
>
I like to clean things up; mod status makes this easier. Same as with question #2, I like to post these changes as proposals in meta, to garner feedback. It's a volunteer job, so is best to all be in agreement befofe using the time.
>
> 6. Law Stack Exchange has long struggled with the allowance or otherwise of questions seeking legal advice on specific matters, where answers can risk breaching laws against the unlicensed practice of law. Do you believe the current policies and practices on this matter are sufficient? Are these being appropriately executed? What changes would you like to say, and push for, if given moderator authority and tools (including any you have previously or currently raised)?
>
>
>
I think that we could be more consistent with providing a mod-comment that suggests better ways to ask the question so as to avoid seeking legal advice. This may take some discussion via chat, or meta, to coordinate the kinds of feedback that seem to be working
This is in lieu of having more-semantically-worded flags, beyond just "off-topic." Add more options with flagging a post is the ideal, because everyone tacitly learns the target, via how is worded. Then we could reflect on what Q&A and getting these flags, and whether others should have, too. The aim of this is to find new ways to support great Q&A. Same for answers that some may see as crossing a line for giving directed advice. We could also change the help pages to reflect these community flags.
I'll update with comments, rather than replying to each comment inline. |
867 | In connection with the moderator elections, we are holding a Q&A thread for the candidates. Questions collected [from an earlier thread](https://law.meta.stackexchange.com/q/862/60) have been compiled into this one, which shall now serve as the space for the candidates to provide their answers.
Due to the submission count, we have selected all provided questions as well as our back up questions for a total of 6 questions.
As a candidate, your job is simple - post an answer to this question, citing each of the questions and then post your answer to each question given in that same answer. For your convenience, I will include all of the questions in quote format with a break in between each, suitable for you to insert your answers. Just [copy the whole thing after the first set of three dashes](https://law.meta.stackexchange.com/revisions/e384fd9e-0856-4e80-b597-fc357436e981/view-source).Please consider putting your name at the top of your post so that readers will know who you are before they finish reading everything you have written, and also including a link to your answer on your nomination post.
Once all the answers have been compiled, this will serve as a transcript for voters to view the thoughts of their candidates, and will be appropriately linked in the Election page.
Good luck to all of the candidates!
**Oh, and when you've completed your answer, please provide a link to it after this blurb here, before that set of three dashes. Please leave the list of links in the order of submission.**
To save scrolling here are links to the submissions from each candidate (in order of submission):
* [New Alexandria](https://law.meta.stackexchange.com/a/869/60)
* [Shazamo Morebucks](https://law.meta.stackexchange.com/a/870/60)
* [StephanS](https://law.meta.stackexchange.com/a/871/10872)
* [Dale M](https://law.stackexchange.com/election/2#post-43756)
* [Pat W.](https://law.meta.stackexchange.com/a/874/60)
---
>
> 1. How would you deal with a user who produced a steady stream of valuable answers, but tends to generate a large number of arguments/flags from comments?
> 2. How would you handle a situation where another mod closed/deleted/etc a question that you feel shouldn't have been?
> 3. In your opinion, what do moderators do?
> 4. A diamond will be attached to everything you say and have said in the past, including questions, answers and comments. Everything you will do will be seen under a different light. How do you feel about that?
> 5. In what way do you feel that being a moderator will make you more effective as opposed to simply reaching 10k or 20k rep?
> 6. Law Stack Exchange has long struggled with the allowance or otherwise of questions seeking legal advice on specific matters, where answers can risk breaching laws against the unlicensed practise of law. Do you believe the current policies and practices on this matter are sufficient? Are these being appropriately executed? What changes would you like to say, and push for, if given moderator authority and tools (including any you have previously or currently raised)?
>
>
> | 2019/08/12 | [
"https://law.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/867",
"https://law.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://law.meta.stackexchange.com/users/60/"
] | >
> 1. How would you deal with a user who produced a steady stream of valuable answers, but tends to generate a large number of arguments/flags from comments?
>
>
>
The way most common-law jurisdictions get at "truth" is via the adversarial process. So we should welcome some lively debate. Courts have rules in place to ensure this doesn't get out of hand. Law.SE has flags. I suspect you deal with it the same way one would deal with any smart, but difficult person: appreciate the contribution and reinforce community norms.
One option would be to move the conversation to chat. After all, comments are supposed to be [temporary "Post-it" notes](https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/19756/how-do-comments-work), used for clarification purposes, even if they contain [useful history](https://meta.stackoverflow.com/questions/277655/is-the-practice-of-deleting-comments-helpful).
When comments are abusive, the answer is easier: moderator-members should enforce violations of the [Code of Conduct](https://law.stackexchange.com/conduct) and lapses in [expected behavior](https://law.stackexchange.com/help/behavior).
>
> 2. How would you handle a situation where another mod closed/deleted/etc a question that you feel shouldn't have been?
>
>
>
Discussion among moderators helps in the same way that discussion among any of us members helps. Chat is useful for this sort of thing, and it can assist moderators in developing norms to fill the "interstitial" gaps between SE rules.
That said, diversity of opinion among moderators is a plus, and it's neat to find a way to keep potentially useful questions open, even if they need a little TLC.
>
> 3. In your opinion, what do moderators do?
>
>
>
Moderators are members first, albeit with more privileges. This is important because one of the site's guiding principles is [community moderation](https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/160960/what-is-community-moderation-and-what-can-i-do-to-help).
So—in addition to housekeeping—moderator-members should encourage involvement, good-natured debate, and community growth. When this works well, it creates differences of opinion that require adjudication, which is why electing good moderators helps.
>
> 4. A diamond will be attached to everything you say and have said in the past, including questions, answers and comments. Everything you will do will be seen under a different light. How do you feel about that?
>
>
>
Quality should matter more than flair, but I understand how things like badges, diamonds, and perhaps even [reputation](https://law.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/353/should-those-who-have-passed-the-bar-be-uniquely-designated-on-this-site/357#357) are short-cuts to deciding what quality is.
I agree that moderators should be subjected to more scrutiny.
>
> 5. In what way do you feel that being a moderator will make you more effective as opposed to simply reaching 10k or 20k rep?
>
>
>
If moderators are members first, I'm not sure it would make me a more effective member.
That said, the expanded responsibilities permit more direct involvement in resolving disputes, setting tone, and encouraging debate. I can help in that regard.
>
> 6. Law Stack Exchange has long struggled with the allowance or otherwise of questions seeking legal advice on specific matters, where answers can risk breaching laws against the unlicensed practise of law. Do you believe the current policies and practices on this matter are sufficient? Are these being appropriately executed? What changes would you like to say, and push for, if given moderator authority and tools (including any you have previously or currently raised)?
>
>
>
My opinion has not changed much from the [initial thread](https://law.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/770/what-to-do-with-answers-that-offer-legal-advice/776#776). Because the definition of legal advice isn't fixed, people sould use their best judgment and let the SE model of multiple voters' perspectives/definitions govern.
Yes, there are some risks. But a major reason for banning unlicensed practice involves concerns about whether privilege applies. The site's disclaimer is clear on this: "Exchange are not privileged communications and do not create an attorney-client relationship." So, I don't think that the site needs a policy change.
I'll add that there was similar consternation when people started publishing legal self-help books on things like how to write your own will. My guess it that this too shall pass.
As to specific questions, we could probably do more editing to avoid canned legal-advice closures. | NewAlexandria
=============
Hello all! [Nomination post here](https://law.stackexchange.com/election/2#post-43656)
It's been engaging to answer all the questions here, and the meta and commenting. Looking forward to your votes.
>
> 1. How would you deal with a user who produced a steady stream of valuable answers, but tends to generate a large number of arguments/flags from comments?
>
>
>
I have tended to see this kind of person wants to contribute, and just needs help to stay golden. With talk in chat or another kind of DM, usually there's a good middle ground. It's important to identify if the arguing is part of their MO/agenda. If it cannot be corrected I do think there has to be a line. An intelligent and argumentative used can scare away others because of the charisma involved.
>
> 2. How would you handle a situation where another mod closed/deleted/etc a question that you feel shouldn't have been?
>
>
>
With mod differences, Meta questions can be a great way to clarify what the community feels is best. Ideally no mod has problems discussing things in open forum. Where the issue may be sensitive, chat or other DMs.
>
> 3. In your opinion, what do moderators do?
>
>
>
I think that moderators set precedents, create consistency, and promote things that aid the growth of the community.
>
> 4. A diamond will be attached to everything you say and have said in the past, including questions, answers and comments. Everything you will do will be seen under a different light. How do you feel about that?
>
>
>
I always presume that I'm being viewed in this light; the diamond just makes it more likely that people will read that public history.
>
> 5. In what way do you feel that being a moderator will make you more effective as opposed to simply reaching 10k or 20k rep?
>
>
>
I like to clean things up; mod status makes this easier. Same as with question #2, I like to post these changes as proposals in meta, to garner feedback. It's a volunteer job, so is best to all be in agreement befofe using the time.
>
> 6. Law Stack Exchange has long struggled with the allowance or otherwise of questions seeking legal advice on specific matters, where answers can risk breaching laws against the unlicensed practice of law. Do you believe the current policies and practices on this matter are sufficient? Are these being appropriately executed? What changes would you like to say, and push for, if given moderator authority and tools (including any you have previously or currently raised)?
>
>
>
I think that we could be more consistent with providing a mod-comment that suggests better ways to ask the question so as to avoid seeking legal advice. This may take some discussion via chat, or meta, to coordinate the kinds of feedback that seem to be working
This is in lieu of having more-semantically-worded flags, beyond just "off-topic." Add more options with flagging a post is the ideal, because everyone tacitly learns the target, via how is worded. Then we could reflect on what Q&A and getting these flags, and whether others should have, too. The aim of this is to find new ways to support great Q&A. Same for answers that some may see as crossing a line for giving directed advice. We could also change the help pages to reflect these community flags.
I'll update with comments, rather than replying to each comment inline. |
867 | In connection with the moderator elections, we are holding a Q&A thread for the candidates. Questions collected [from an earlier thread](https://law.meta.stackexchange.com/q/862/60) have been compiled into this one, which shall now serve as the space for the candidates to provide their answers.
Due to the submission count, we have selected all provided questions as well as our back up questions for a total of 6 questions.
As a candidate, your job is simple - post an answer to this question, citing each of the questions and then post your answer to each question given in that same answer. For your convenience, I will include all of the questions in quote format with a break in between each, suitable for you to insert your answers. Just [copy the whole thing after the first set of three dashes](https://law.meta.stackexchange.com/revisions/e384fd9e-0856-4e80-b597-fc357436e981/view-source).Please consider putting your name at the top of your post so that readers will know who you are before they finish reading everything you have written, and also including a link to your answer on your nomination post.
Once all the answers have been compiled, this will serve as a transcript for voters to view the thoughts of their candidates, and will be appropriately linked in the Election page.
Good luck to all of the candidates!
**Oh, and when you've completed your answer, please provide a link to it after this blurb here, before that set of three dashes. Please leave the list of links in the order of submission.**
To save scrolling here are links to the submissions from each candidate (in order of submission):
* [New Alexandria](https://law.meta.stackexchange.com/a/869/60)
* [Shazamo Morebucks](https://law.meta.stackexchange.com/a/870/60)
* [StephanS](https://law.meta.stackexchange.com/a/871/10872)
* [Dale M](https://law.stackexchange.com/election/2#post-43756)
* [Pat W.](https://law.meta.stackexchange.com/a/874/60)
---
>
> 1. How would you deal with a user who produced a steady stream of valuable answers, but tends to generate a large number of arguments/flags from comments?
> 2. How would you handle a situation where another mod closed/deleted/etc a question that you feel shouldn't have been?
> 3. In your opinion, what do moderators do?
> 4. A diamond will be attached to everything you say and have said in the past, including questions, answers and comments. Everything you will do will be seen under a different light. How do you feel about that?
> 5. In what way do you feel that being a moderator will make you more effective as opposed to simply reaching 10k or 20k rep?
> 6. Law Stack Exchange has long struggled with the allowance or otherwise of questions seeking legal advice on specific matters, where answers can risk breaching laws against the unlicensed practise of law. Do you believe the current policies and practices on this matter are sufficient? Are these being appropriately executed? What changes would you like to say, and push for, if given moderator authority and tools (including any you have previously or currently raised)?
>
>
> | 2019/08/12 | [
"https://law.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/867",
"https://law.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://law.meta.stackexchange.com/users/60/"
] | I'm Shazamo Morebucks! I am a barrister qualified in the UK and hope to be a valuable member of the moderation team. [Link to my nomination post](https://law.stackexchange.com/election/2#post-43671)
>
> 1. How would you deal with a user who produced a steady stream of valuable answers, but tends to generate a large number of arguments/flags from comments?
>
>
>
I'm pretty sure most active users at law.se (including myself) have fallen into the pitfall of an extended argument, especially when one party happens to be an expert on the topic in question.
There should be a amount of leeway reserved for constructive discussion and criticism on an answer, but if this becomes excessive then the discussion should be moved to chat.
If discussion deteriorates in chat then moderation intervention is likely required.
>
> 2. How would you handle a situation where another mod closed/deleted/etc a question that you feel shouldn't have been?
>
>
>
I would open up a discussion in chat about whether a question should have been closed, and hopefully obtain input from the mod in question for the reasons why.
After which, a meta question may be opened so that mod policy may be reviewed or updated.
>
> 3. In your opinion, what do moderators do?
>
>
>
Moderators exist to ensure content in a forum meets a certain standard. Moderators do this by deleted/reviewing irrelevant content, and helping users who ask low quality questions/answers to improve their question/answer to meet community standards.
A good example is when a person comes on this site and asks a question clearly seeking legal advice. Such questions can be "converted" into hypothetical questions, after which they are permissible on this site. This happens all the time and is part of quality moderation
>
> 4. A diamond will be attached to everything you say and have said in the past, including questions, answers and comments. Everything you will do will be seen under a different light. How do you feel about that?
>
>
>
I would feel slightly apprehensive at the idea that all my work comes under scrutiny, but at the same time, I am willing to uphold this additional responsibility. It is natural for a moderator to be held to the standards to which he is supposed to protect.
If this means that I will come under scrutiny/criticism, I will accept it, and improve my content to reflect the standards to which I follow.
>
> 5. In what way do you feel that being a moderator will make you more effective as opposed to simply reaching 10k or 20k rep?
>
>
>
There are some questions, usually by new users, that require drastic moderation intervention, and I feel having the authority of a moderator will allow me to intervene when necessary and also help reach out to users that I am there to enforce community rules, and not just show my opinion.
>
> 6. Law Stack Exchange has long struggled with the allowance or otherwise of questions seeking legal advice on specific matters, where answers can risk breaching laws against the unlicensed practise of law.
>
>
> Do you believe the current policies and practices on this matter are sufficient? Are these being appropriately executed? What changes would you like to say, and push for, if given moderator authority and tools (including any you have previously or currently raised)?
>
>
>
It is a good policy that users here are not allowed to provide specific legal advice. The reason for this is to protect stack exchange from liability in jurisdictions where providing legal advice without a license / practicing certificate is illegal.
As a lawyer myself, I know how disastrous giving incorrect legal advice can be, an answer may be honest, genuine, and backed up by research, but unless you are a lawyer practicing in the relevant jurisdiction, there is always the chance that your advice is incorrect, and when someone relies on that advice to their own peril, this exposes you, and the website, to liability.
As mentioned in my earlier answer, the current recommended method when facing a request for specific legal advice is to change the question into a hypothetical question. That way, a person may receive the information they need and answerers have not created an attorney-client relationship. This protects everyone involved.
This policy should be enforced more strictly than it is. I myself have answered questions for specific legal advice, but as a moderator I will do more to help edit questions to ensure that this risk is mitigated. | my name is Stephan and I'm running to be your next moderator: [My nomination statement](https://law.stackexchange.com/election/2#post-43702).
>
> 1. How would you deal with a user who produced a steady stream of valuable answers, but tends to generate a large number of arguments/flags from comments?
>
>
>
A great answer holds up even after being critiqued. We have all given or gained useful insights through the comment section, and I personally do not believe it's the role of the moderator to stop a productive dialogue that is On-topic for the question.
That being said there's a point when the conversation devolves into personal attacks or is no longer relevant to the original post.
* In the event of personal attacks - any comment that's sole purpose is to demean or belittle another user should be removed and a warning will be issued, treating others with respect has always been a value this community has tried to uphold.
* comments that no longer add value to the conversation will be moved to chat.
>
> 2. How would you handle a situation where another mod closed/deleted/etc a question that you feel shouldn't have been?
>
>
>
Everyone has a reason for why they do something.
I would open up a discussion with the other moderator and see why we disagree on the question that was closed, and if we can't come to an agreement on it then I would see if we could give the question a 2 day "test period" to see how the community treats the question.
>
> 3. In your opinion, what do moderators do?
>
>
>
Moderators are here to ensure healthy conversation, be an example for the community, and make sure questions meet community standards.
>
> 4. A diamond will be attached to everything you say and have said in the past, including questions, answers and comments. Everything you will do will be seen under a different light. How do you feel about that?
>
>
>
I'm fine with this, it's important that other users know I'm human too, I've fallen into lengthy comment threads, and given answers that weren't received well, I don't delete answers or questions that have bad ratings because I think it's important to look back at mistakes and think about how you can improve.
>
> 5. In what way do you feel that being a moderator will make you more effective as opposed to simply reaching 10k or 20k rep?
>
>
>
I'm grateful that our community has so many active members with these levels of reputation that answer, close, and edit questions.
A moderator adds a different level of intervention and should work with these users to create an environment where they know their work is appreciated and needed.
>
> 6. Law Stack Exchange has long struggled with the allowance or otherwise of questions seeking legal advice on specific matters, where answers can risk breaching laws against the unlicensed practise of law. Do you believe the current policies and practices on this matter are sufficient? Are these being appropriately executed? What changes would you like to say, and push for, if given moderator authority and tools (including any you have previously or currently raised)?
>
>
>
This question is very important to me, I have participated in discussions on this topic and have asked my own questions about this:
[Deter requests for Legal advice](https://law.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/777/update-how-to-ask-box-to-deter-requests-for-specific-legal-advice)-StephanS
[Should questions be allowed to be asked in the first person](https://law.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/780/should-questions-be-allowed-to-be-asked-in-first-person)-StephanS
Although there are warnings everywhere about asking personal questions and that the site doesn't give legal advice it's hard to answer one of these questions without thinking about what the person will do with the information you're giving them and if they get into trouble will they quote you.
I believe this is a two-step issue in discouraging personal questions from being asked on Law.stackexchange
1. User should tell the person asking the question that this is a question for your lawyer and I've seen several of our higher reputation users like [Nij](https://law.stackexchange.com/questions/43625/i-need-some-legal-recommendations-regarding-a-car-dorm-rental-app), [Paul](https://law.stackexchange.com/q/43659/24698), and DaleM do this but we should make more of an effort as a community to tell people that those types of questions are questions for your lawyer.
2. Adding filters to the Question content box to detect if a question contains phrases like "Can I sue" and not letting the user post unless the phrases are removed, this would help to enforce community standards. |
867 | In connection with the moderator elections, we are holding a Q&A thread for the candidates. Questions collected [from an earlier thread](https://law.meta.stackexchange.com/q/862/60) have been compiled into this one, which shall now serve as the space for the candidates to provide their answers.
Due to the submission count, we have selected all provided questions as well as our back up questions for a total of 6 questions.
As a candidate, your job is simple - post an answer to this question, citing each of the questions and then post your answer to each question given in that same answer. For your convenience, I will include all of the questions in quote format with a break in between each, suitable for you to insert your answers. Just [copy the whole thing after the first set of three dashes](https://law.meta.stackexchange.com/revisions/e384fd9e-0856-4e80-b597-fc357436e981/view-source).Please consider putting your name at the top of your post so that readers will know who you are before they finish reading everything you have written, and also including a link to your answer on your nomination post.
Once all the answers have been compiled, this will serve as a transcript for voters to view the thoughts of their candidates, and will be appropriately linked in the Election page.
Good luck to all of the candidates!
**Oh, and when you've completed your answer, please provide a link to it after this blurb here, before that set of three dashes. Please leave the list of links in the order of submission.**
To save scrolling here are links to the submissions from each candidate (in order of submission):
* [New Alexandria](https://law.meta.stackexchange.com/a/869/60)
* [Shazamo Morebucks](https://law.meta.stackexchange.com/a/870/60)
* [StephanS](https://law.meta.stackexchange.com/a/871/10872)
* [Dale M](https://law.stackexchange.com/election/2#post-43756)
* [Pat W.](https://law.meta.stackexchange.com/a/874/60)
---
>
> 1. How would you deal with a user who produced a steady stream of valuable answers, but tends to generate a large number of arguments/flags from comments?
> 2. How would you handle a situation where another mod closed/deleted/etc a question that you feel shouldn't have been?
> 3. In your opinion, what do moderators do?
> 4. A diamond will be attached to everything you say and have said in the past, including questions, answers and comments. Everything you will do will be seen under a different light. How do you feel about that?
> 5. In what way do you feel that being a moderator will make you more effective as opposed to simply reaching 10k or 20k rep?
> 6. Law Stack Exchange has long struggled with the allowance or otherwise of questions seeking legal advice on specific matters, where answers can risk breaching laws against the unlicensed practise of law. Do you believe the current policies and practices on this matter are sufficient? Are these being appropriately executed? What changes would you like to say, and push for, if given moderator authority and tools (including any you have previously or currently raised)?
>
>
> | 2019/08/12 | [
"https://law.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/867",
"https://law.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://law.meta.stackexchange.com/users/60/"
] | >
> 1. How would you deal with a user who produced a steady stream of valuable answers, but tends to generate a large number of arguments/flags from comments?
>
>
>
I have no real issue with argument - its a law site after all, however, the appropriate place for it is in chat rather than in a lengthy string of to-and-fro comments and I would move these as appropriate.
This is different from a user who is breaking community norms and is justly raising flags of the "harassment, bigotry, or abuse" or the "unfriendly or unkind" type. There is no place for this in the Stack Exchange community. Occasional slips are forgivable but Users
who do this constantly and won't mend their ways after being approached by a moderator are not welcome.
>
> 2. How would you handle a situation where another mod closed/deleted/etc a question that you feel shouldn't have been?
>
>
>
I would discuss the matter with that moderator and exchange views - I am always open to the possibility that my understanding is wrong and I would expect them to have the same view of their own fallibility. Hopefully a consensus would be reached.
In general, because mods can close/delete etc questions with a single vote when it takes 5 high rep users to do the same, I would err on the side of leaving questions open for the community to decide what to do.
>
> 3. In your opinion, what do moderators do?
>
>
>
Primarily - housekeeping: deleting spam, closing clearly off-topic questions, removing abuse, deleting no longer relevant comments etc.
Secondarily - guiding a healthy community with a light touch.
>
> 4. A diamond will be attached to everything you say and have said in the past, including questions, answers and comments. Everything you will do will be seen under a different light. How do you feel about that?
>
>
>
Fine. I am happy to own my triumphs and my disasters.
>
> 5. In what way do you feel that being a moderator will make you more effective as opposed to simply reaching 10k or 20k rep?
>
>
>
I believe a moderators intervention should be less frequent but more decisive. From Stack Overflow's [A Theory of Moderation](https://stackoverflow.blog/2009/05/18/a-theory-of-moderation/):
>
> Moderators are human exception handlers, there to deal with those (hopefully rare) exceptional conditions that should not normally happen, but when they do, they can bring your entire community to a screaming halt — if you don’t have human exception handling in place.
>
>
>
Resolving disputes is what I do.
>
> 6. Law Stack Exchange has long struggled with the allowance or otherwise of questions seeking legal advice on specific matters, where answers can risk breaching laws against the unlicensed practise of law. Do you believe the current policies and practices on this matter are sufficient? Are these being appropriately executed? What changes would you like to say, and push for, if given moderator authority and tools (including any you have previously or currently raised)?
>
>
>
I believe the situation is a difficult one because, unlike other stacks, many of our new users come to law cold. People who use Stack Exchange are usually understand programming, for example. However, most people have (and need) only a rudimentary understanding of the law until something goes wrong and they are facing a confusing and intensely personal catastrophe. Because its about them, and they don't know the limits that apply on giving legal advice, they naturally ask these types of off-topic questions.
From experience, the community typically closes these questions using the canned reason *or* writes answers that deal with the generic rather than the specific. This seems to work. | my name is Stephan and I'm running to be your next moderator: [My nomination statement](https://law.stackexchange.com/election/2#post-43702).
>
> 1. How would you deal with a user who produced a steady stream of valuable answers, but tends to generate a large number of arguments/flags from comments?
>
>
>
A great answer holds up even after being critiqued. We have all given or gained useful insights through the comment section, and I personally do not believe it's the role of the moderator to stop a productive dialogue that is On-topic for the question.
That being said there's a point when the conversation devolves into personal attacks or is no longer relevant to the original post.
* In the event of personal attacks - any comment that's sole purpose is to demean or belittle another user should be removed and a warning will be issued, treating others with respect has always been a value this community has tried to uphold.
* comments that no longer add value to the conversation will be moved to chat.
>
> 2. How would you handle a situation where another mod closed/deleted/etc a question that you feel shouldn't have been?
>
>
>
Everyone has a reason for why they do something.
I would open up a discussion with the other moderator and see why we disagree on the question that was closed, and if we can't come to an agreement on it then I would see if we could give the question a 2 day "test period" to see how the community treats the question.
>
> 3. In your opinion, what do moderators do?
>
>
>
Moderators are here to ensure healthy conversation, be an example for the community, and make sure questions meet community standards.
>
> 4. A diamond will be attached to everything you say and have said in the past, including questions, answers and comments. Everything you will do will be seen under a different light. How do you feel about that?
>
>
>
I'm fine with this, it's important that other users know I'm human too, I've fallen into lengthy comment threads, and given answers that weren't received well, I don't delete answers or questions that have bad ratings because I think it's important to look back at mistakes and think about how you can improve.
>
> 5. In what way do you feel that being a moderator will make you more effective as opposed to simply reaching 10k or 20k rep?
>
>
>
I'm grateful that our community has so many active members with these levels of reputation that answer, close, and edit questions.
A moderator adds a different level of intervention and should work with these users to create an environment where they know their work is appreciated and needed.
>
> 6. Law Stack Exchange has long struggled with the allowance or otherwise of questions seeking legal advice on specific matters, where answers can risk breaching laws against the unlicensed practise of law. Do you believe the current policies and practices on this matter are sufficient? Are these being appropriately executed? What changes would you like to say, and push for, if given moderator authority and tools (including any you have previously or currently raised)?
>
>
>
This question is very important to me, I have participated in discussions on this topic and have asked my own questions about this:
[Deter requests for Legal advice](https://law.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/777/update-how-to-ask-box-to-deter-requests-for-specific-legal-advice)-StephanS
[Should questions be allowed to be asked in the first person](https://law.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/780/should-questions-be-allowed-to-be-asked-in-first-person)-StephanS
Although there are warnings everywhere about asking personal questions and that the site doesn't give legal advice it's hard to answer one of these questions without thinking about what the person will do with the information you're giving them and if they get into trouble will they quote you.
I believe this is a two-step issue in discouraging personal questions from being asked on Law.stackexchange
1. User should tell the person asking the question that this is a question for your lawyer and I've seen several of our higher reputation users like [Nij](https://law.stackexchange.com/questions/43625/i-need-some-legal-recommendations-regarding-a-car-dorm-rental-app), [Paul](https://law.stackexchange.com/q/43659/24698), and DaleM do this but we should make more of an effort as a community to tell people that those types of questions are questions for your lawyer.
2. Adding filters to the Question content box to detect if a question contains phrases like "Can I sue" and not letting the user post unless the phrases are removed, this would help to enforce community standards. |
867 | In connection with the moderator elections, we are holding a Q&A thread for the candidates. Questions collected [from an earlier thread](https://law.meta.stackexchange.com/q/862/60) have been compiled into this one, which shall now serve as the space for the candidates to provide their answers.
Due to the submission count, we have selected all provided questions as well as our back up questions for a total of 6 questions.
As a candidate, your job is simple - post an answer to this question, citing each of the questions and then post your answer to each question given in that same answer. For your convenience, I will include all of the questions in quote format with a break in between each, suitable for you to insert your answers. Just [copy the whole thing after the first set of three dashes](https://law.meta.stackexchange.com/revisions/e384fd9e-0856-4e80-b597-fc357436e981/view-source).Please consider putting your name at the top of your post so that readers will know who you are before they finish reading everything you have written, and also including a link to your answer on your nomination post.
Once all the answers have been compiled, this will serve as a transcript for voters to view the thoughts of their candidates, and will be appropriately linked in the Election page.
Good luck to all of the candidates!
**Oh, and when you've completed your answer, please provide a link to it after this blurb here, before that set of three dashes. Please leave the list of links in the order of submission.**
To save scrolling here are links to the submissions from each candidate (in order of submission):
* [New Alexandria](https://law.meta.stackexchange.com/a/869/60)
* [Shazamo Morebucks](https://law.meta.stackexchange.com/a/870/60)
* [StephanS](https://law.meta.stackexchange.com/a/871/10872)
* [Dale M](https://law.stackexchange.com/election/2#post-43756)
* [Pat W.](https://law.meta.stackexchange.com/a/874/60)
---
>
> 1. How would you deal with a user who produced a steady stream of valuable answers, but tends to generate a large number of arguments/flags from comments?
> 2. How would you handle a situation where another mod closed/deleted/etc a question that you feel shouldn't have been?
> 3. In your opinion, what do moderators do?
> 4. A diamond will be attached to everything you say and have said in the past, including questions, answers and comments. Everything you will do will be seen under a different light. How do you feel about that?
> 5. In what way do you feel that being a moderator will make you more effective as opposed to simply reaching 10k or 20k rep?
> 6. Law Stack Exchange has long struggled with the allowance or otherwise of questions seeking legal advice on specific matters, where answers can risk breaching laws against the unlicensed practise of law. Do you believe the current policies and practices on this matter are sufficient? Are these being appropriately executed? What changes would you like to say, and push for, if given moderator authority and tools (including any you have previously or currently raised)?
>
>
> | 2019/08/12 | [
"https://law.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/867",
"https://law.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://law.meta.stackexchange.com/users/60/"
] | >
> 1. How would you deal with a user who produced a steady stream of valuable answers, but tends to generate a large number of arguments/flags from comments?
>
>
>
The way most common-law jurisdictions get at "truth" is via the adversarial process. So we should welcome some lively debate. Courts have rules in place to ensure this doesn't get out of hand. Law.SE has flags. I suspect you deal with it the same way one would deal with any smart, but difficult person: appreciate the contribution and reinforce community norms.
One option would be to move the conversation to chat. After all, comments are supposed to be [temporary "Post-it" notes](https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/19756/how-do-comments-work), used for clarification purposes, even if they contain [useful history](https://meta.stackoverflow.com/questions/277655/is-the-practice-of-deleting-comments-helpful).
When comments are abusive, the answer is easier: moderator-members should enforce violations of the [Code of Conduct](https://law.stackexchange.com/conduct) and lapses in [expected behavior](https://law.stackexchange.com/help/behavior).
>
> 2. How would you handle a situation where another mod closed/deleted/etc a question that you feel shouldn't have been?
>
>
>
Discussion among moderators helps in the same way that discussion among any of us members helps. Chat is useful for this sort of thing, and it can assist moderators in developing norms to fill the "interstitial" gaps between SE rules.
That said, diversity of opinion among moderators is a plus, and it's neat to find a way to keep potentially useful questions open, even if they need a little TLC.
>
> 3. In your opinion, what do moderators do?
>
>
>
Moderators are members first, albeit with more privileges. This is important because one of the site's guiding principles is [community moderation](https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/160960/what-is-community-moderation-and-what-can-i-do-to-help).
So—in addition to housekeeping—moderator-members should encourage involvement, good-natured debate, and community growth. When this works well, it creates differences of opinion that require adjudication, which is why electing good moderators helps.
>
> 4. A diamond will be attached to everything you say and have said in the past, including questions, answers and comments. Everything you will do will be seen under a different light. How do you feel about that?
>
>
>
Quality should matter more than flair, but I understand how things like badges, diamonds, and perhaps even [reputation](https://law.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/353/should-those-who-have-passed-the-bar-be-uniquely-designated-on-this-site/357#357) are short-cuts to deciding what quality is.
I agree that moderators should be subjected to more scrutiny.
>
> 5. In what way do you feel that being a moderator will make you more effective as opposed to simply reaching 10k or 20k rep?
>
>
>
If moderators are members first, I'm not sure it would make me a more effective member.
That said, the expanded responsibilities permit more direct involvement in resolving disputes, setting tone, and encouraging debate. I can help in that regard.
>
> 6. Law Stack Exchange has long struggled with the allowance or otherwise of questions seeking legal advice on specific matters, where answers can risk breaching laws against the unlicensed practise of law. Do you believe the current policies and practices on this matter are sufficient? Are these being appropriately executed? What changes would you like to say, and push for, if given moderator authority and tools (including any you have previously or currently raised)?
>
>
>
My opinion has not changed much from the [initial thread](https://law.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/770/what-to-do-with-answers-that-offer-legal-advice/776#776). Because the definition of legal advice isn't fixed, people sould use their best judgment and let the SE model of multiple voters' perspectives/definitions govern.
Yes, there are some risks. But a major reason for banning unlicensed practice involves concerns about whether privilege applies. The site's disclaimer is clear on this: "Exchange are not privileged communications and do not create an attorney-client relationship." So, I don't think that the site needs a policy change.
I'll add that there was similar consternation when people started publishing legal self-help books on things like how to write your own will. My guess it that this too shall pass.
As to specific questions, we could probably do more editing to avoid canned legal-advice closures. | my name is Stephan and I'm running to be your next moderator: [My nomination statement](https://law.stackexchange.com/election/2#post-43702).
>
> 1. How would you deal with a user who produced a steady stream of valuable answers, but tends to generate a large number of arguments/flags from comments?
>
>
>
A great answer holds up even after being critiqued. We have all given or gained useful insights through the comment section, and I personally do not believe it's the role of the moderator to stop a productive dialogue that is On-topic for the question.
That being said there's a point when the conversation devolves into personal attacks or is no longer relevant to the original post.
* In the event of personal attacks - any comment that's sole purpose is to demean or belittle another user should be removed and a warning will be issued, treating others with respect has always been a value this community has tried to uphold.
* comments that no longer add value to the conversation will be moved to chat.
>
> 2. How would you handle a situation where another mod closed/deleted/etc a question that you feel shouldn't have been?
>
>
>
Everyone has a reason for why they do something.
I would open up a discussion with the other moderator and see why we disagree on the question that was closed, and if we can't come to an agreement on it then I would see if we could give the question a 2 day "test period" to see how the community treats the question.
>
> 3. In your opinion, what do moderators do?
>
>
>
Moderators are here to ensure healthy conversation, be an example for the community, and make sure questions meet community standards.
>
> 4. A diamond will be attached to everything you say and have said in the past, including questions, answers and comments. Everything you will do will be seen under a different light. How do you feel about that?
>
>
>
I'm fine with this, it's important that other users know I'm human too, I've fallen into lengthy comment threads, and given answers that weren't received well, I don't delete answers or questions that have bad ratings because I think it's important to look back at mistakes and think about how you can improve.
>
> 5. In what way do you feel that being a moderator will make you more effective as opposed to simply reaching 10k or 20k rep?
>
>
>
I'm grateful that our community has so many active members with these levels of reputation that answer, close, and edit questions.
A moderator adds a different level of intervention and should work with these users to create an environment where they know their work is appreciated and needed.
>
> 6. Law Stack Exchange has long struggled with the allowance or otherwise of questions seeking legal advice on specific matters, where answers can risk breaching laws against the unlicensed practise of law. Do you believe the current policies and practices on this matter are sufficient? Are these being appropriately executed? What changes would you like to say, and push for, if given moderator authority and tools (including any you have previously or currently raised)?
>
>
>
This question is very important to me, I have participated in discussions on this topic and have asked my own questions about this:
[Deter requests for Legal advice](https://law.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/777/update-how-to-ask-box-to-deter-requests-for-specific-legal-advice)-StephanS
[Should questions be allowed to be asked in the first person](https://law.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/780/should-questions-be-allowed-to-be-asked-in-first-person)-StephanS
Although there are warnings everywhere about asking personal questions and that the site doesn't give legal advice it's hard to answer one of these questions without thinking about what the person will do with the information you're giving them and if they get into trouble will they quote you.
I believe this is a two-step issue in discouraging personal questions from being asked on Law.stackexchange
1. User should tell the person asking the question that this is a question for your lawyer and I've seen several of our higher reputation users like [Nij](https://law.stackexchange.com/questions/43625/i-need-some-legal-recommendations-regarding-a-car-dorm-rental-app), [Paul](https://law.stackexchange.com/q/43659/24698), and DaleM do this but we should make more of an effort as a community to tell people that those types of questions are questions for your lawyer.
2. Adding filters to the Question content box to detect if a question contains phrases like "Can I sue" and not letting the user post unless the phrases are removed, this would help to enforce community standards. |
152,830 | I'm planning on building my desktop computer to have a ramdisk. At the moment my pc has 4 gb ram, and I was thinking if it is possible to go beyond 4 gb and use the extra ram as a ramdisk. | 2012/06/19 | [
"https://askubuntu.com/questions/152830",
"https://askubuntu.com",
"https://askubuntu.com/users/71642/"
] | The iLivid downloader program is an \*.exe, a **Windows** executable. You may want to look at the [Wine Project](http://www.winehq.org/about/ "Wine") if you need iLivid to download another file.
[Wine ](https://apps.ubuntu.com/cat/applications/wine) is available for Ubuntu in the Software center. | Looks like you tried to open a broke zip file
Also anything that ends in .exe is a M$-Windows package, it cannot be installed on Ubuntu. You can install .debs, or use the ***Ubuntu Software Center*** application to install software.
Ubuntu is not a garbage OS, but it may not be for you. |
20,965 | I don't often come across **would** meaning "possible or likely".
But when I was back home on vacation several days before, my college textbook gave an instance:
>
>
> >
> > I recalled Blanche DuBois's famous line: "I have always depended on the kindness of strangers." Could anyone rely on the kindness of strangers these days? One way to test this **would** be for a person to journey from coast to coast without any money, relying solely on the good will of his fellow Americans. What kind of Americans **would** he find? Who **would** feed him, shelter him, carry him down the road? (From *The Kindness of Strangers*, written by Mike Mclntyre)
> >
> >
> >
>
>
>
The reference book for teachers said these **would** meant "possible or likely" here. Was the textbook right?
If so, why not use "could" or "might" instead? | 2014/04/10 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/20965",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/2312/"
] | The textbook is misleading, **would** is used to describe a **definite** outcome **given a particular set of pre-conditions**, it can only be thought of as describing a possible or likely situation if the pre-conditions themselves are not definite but merely possible or likely (in this case, the meaning **possible** or **likely** doesn't derive from the meaning of the word **would** but from the pre-conditions themselves).
This is the sense in which it is used in the example:
>
> One way to test this **would** be for a person to journey from coast to coast...
>
>
>
asserts that such a test will definitely have an outcome (the pre-condition is someone undertaking the journey)
>
> One way to test this **could** be for a person to journey from coast to coast...
>
>
>
doesn't guarantee that the test will settle the question one way or the other
>
> What kind of Americans **would** he find?
>
>
>
Implies that you will definitely encounter Americans if you journey from coast to coast the only question is what kind they will be
>
> What kind of Americans **could** he find?
>
>
>
admits the possibility (no matter how unlikely) that it may be possible to journey from coast to coast without encountering any Americans
>
> Who **would** feed him etc.
>
>
>
has a completely different meaning from
>
> Who **could** feed him etc.
>
>
>
The first describes people that actually do something, the second describes people that merely have the capability of doing something regardless of their actual behaviour. | "One way to test this would be for a person to journey from coast to coast without any money."
If you reformulate this sententence with an if- clause you get something like:
If one wanted to test this a test would be for a person to journey ...
And I think this "would" is the normal "would" used after irreal if-clauses with Past tense subjunctive,
only the irreal condition is not formulated with an if-clause, but in a different way. |
20,965 | I don't often come across **would** meaning "possible or likely".
But when I was back home on vacation several days before, my college textbook gave an instance:
>
>
> >
> > I recalled Blanche DuBois's famous line: "I have always depended on the kindness of strangers." Could anyone rely on the kindness of strangers these days? One way to test this **would** be for a person to journey from coast to coast without any money, relying solely on the good will of his fellow Americans. What kind of Americans **would** he find? Who **would** feed him, shelter him, carry him down the road? (From *The Kindness of Strangers*, written by Mike Mclntyre)
> >
> >
> >
>
>
>
The reference book for teachers said these **would** meant "possible or likely" here. Was the textbook right?
If so, why not use "could" or "might" instead? | 2014/04/10 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/20965",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/2312/"
] | ### The original text
The tenses used in the quoted passage gave me a little trouble trying to follow the scene. Being curious, I searched the web, and I now believe that your text was adapted from *Chicken Soup for the Soul: Unlocking the Secrets to Living Your Dreams*, [page 124](http://books.google.com/books?id=CXd9Qw_LkI0C&pg=PT124).
Here is the original text, three paragraphs in full, with the differences highlighted:
>
> I thought of my destination--New Orleans, the setting for Tennessee William's play *A Streetcar Named Desire*. I recalled Blanche DuBois's famous line: "I have always depended on the kindness of strangers."
>
> **The kindness of strangers. It sounds so quaint.** Could anyone rely on the kindness of strangers these days?
>
> One way to test this would be for a person to journey from coast to coast without any money, relying solely on the **goodwill** of his fellow Americans. What kind of Americans would he find? Who would feed him, shelter him, carry him down the road?
>
>
>
The missing part is perhaps not absolutely necessary, but having it would make it much easier for us to follow the thought (and of course the narration) as indicated by the tenses.
### Explanation
To simplify the explanation, I will talk about the time the writer was writing this essay in **present tenses**.
>
> I thought of my destination--New Orleans, the setting for Tennessee William's play *A Streetcar Named Desire*. I recalled Blanche DuBois's famous line: "I have always depended on the kindness of strangers."
>
>
>
In this first paragraph, the story is told in the simple past, which is consistent with the tenses used from the beginning of the essay. (The first line of this essay is *"One summer I was driving from my hometown of Tahoe City, California, to New Orleans."*)
>
> The kindness of strangers. It sounds so quaint. Could anyone rely on the kindness of strangers these days?
>
>
>
This changes everything. The part *"The kindness of strangers. It sounds so quaint."* interrupts the flow of thoughts in the past, and shifts us back right to the present--the time the writer is telling the story. This makes it clear that the writer is asking such a question (*"**Could** any one ...?"*) while he is writing that paragraph. He is thinking about the possibility of such thought, so he uses *could*.
>
> One way to test this would be for a person to journey from coast to coast without any money, relying solely on the goodwill of his fellow Americans. What kind of Americans would he find? Who would feed him, shelter him, carry him down the road?
>
>
>
This is an example of hypothetical thinking. Let's consider each sentence separately.
The first sentence, *"One way to test this **would** be for a person to journey from coast to coast without any money, relying solely on the goodwill of his fellow Americans."* is written in the present time. He is making a real assertion. He can use *will* instead of *would*, but he makes it "less assertive" by using *would* instead. This can be read as he is quite open to other ways (to test), or he is less sure about the test.
The second sentence is a hypothetical (unreal) thought. Once he assumes "what if" according to the first sentence, every *would* after that indicates "unreal thinking": *What kind of Americans **would** he find? Who **would** feed him, shelter him, carry him down the road?* -- The tense usage is similar to those in the "present unreal conditionals", for example, *"If we **tested** so, what kind of Americans **would** he find?"* | The textbook is misleading, **would** is used to describe a **definite** outcome **given a particular set of pre-conditions**, it can only be thought of as describing a possible or likely situation if the pre-conditions themselves are not definite but merely possible or likely (in this case, the meaning **possible** or **likely** doesn't derive from the meaning of the word **would** but from the pre-conditions themselves).
This is the sense in which it is used in the example:
>
> One way to test this **would** be for a person to journey from coast to coast...
>
>
>
asserts that such a test will definitely have an outcome (the pre-condition is someone undertaking the journey)
>
> One way to test this **could** be for a person to journey from coast to coast...
>
>
>
doesn't guarantee that the test will settle the question one way or the other
>
> What kind of Americans **would** he find?
>
>
>
Implies that you will definitely encounter Americans if you journey from coast to coast the only question is what kind they will be
>
> What kind of Americans **could** he find?
>
>
>
admits the possibility (no matter how unlikely) that it may be possible to journey from coast to coast without encountering any Americans
>
> Who **would** feed him etc.
>
>
>
has a completely different meaning from
>
> Who **could** feed him etc.
>
>
>
The first describes people that actually do something, the second describes people that merely have the capability of doing something regardless of their actual behaviour. |
20,965 | I don't often come across **would** meaning "possible or likely".
But when I was back home on vacation several days before, my college textbook gave an instance:
>
>
> >
> > I recalled Blanche DuBois's famous line: "I have always depended on the kindness of strangers." Could anyone rely on the kindness of strangers these days? One way to test this **would** be for a person to journey from coast to coast without any money, relying solely on the good will of his fellow Americans. What kind of Americans **would** he find? Who **would** feed him, shelter him, carry him down the road? (From *The Kindness of Strangers*, written by Mike Mclntyre)
> >
> >
> >
>
>
>
The reference book for teachers said these **would** meant "possible or likely" here. Was the textbook right?
If so, why not use "could" or "might" instead? | 2014/04/10 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/20965",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/2312/"
] | ### The original text
The tenses used in the quoted passage gave me a little trouble trying to follow the scene. Being curious, I searched the web, and I now believe that your text was adapted from *Chicken Soup for the Soul: Unlocking the Secrets to Living Your Dreams*, [page 124](http://books.google.com/books?id=CXd9Qw_LkI0C&pg=PT124).
Here is the original text, three paragraphs in full, with the differences highlighted:
>
> I thought of my destination--New Orleans, the setting for Tennessee William's play *A Streetcar Named Desire*. I recalled Blanche DuBois's famous line: "I have always depended on the kindness of strangers."
>
> **The kindness of strangers. It sounds so quaint.** Could anyone rely on the kindness of strangers these days?
>
> One way to test this would be for a person to journey from coast to coast without any money, relying solely on the **goodwill** of his fellow Americans. What kind of Americans would he find? Who would feed him, shelter him, carry him down the road?
>
>
>
The missing part is perhaps not absolutely necessary, but having it would make it much easier for us to follow the thought (and of course the narration) as indicated by the tenses.
### Explanation
To simplify the explanation, I will talk about the time the writer was writing this essay in **present tenses**.
>
> I thought of my destination--New Orleans, the setting for Tennessee William's play *A Streetcar Named Desire*. I recalled Blanche DuBois's famous line: "I have always depended on the kindness of strangers."
>
>
>
In this first paragraph, the story is told in the simple past, which is consistent with the tenses used from the beginning of the essay. (The first line of this essay is *"One summer I was driving from my hometown of Tahoe City, California, to New Orleans."*)
>
> The kindness of strangers. It sounds so quaint. Could anyone rely on the kindness of strangers these days?
>
>
>
This changes everything. The part *"The kindness of strangers. It sounds so quaint."* interrupts the flow of thoughts in the past, and shifts us back right to the present--the time the writer is telling the story. This makes it clear that the writer is asking such a question (*"**Could** any one ...?"*) while he is writing that paragraph. He is thinking about the possibility of such thought, so he uses *could*.
>
> One way to test this would be for a person to journey from coast to coast without any money, relying solely on the goodwill of his fellow Americans. What kind of Americans would he find? Who would feed him, shelter him, carry him down the road?
>
>
>
This is an example of hypothetical thinking. Let's consider each sentence separately.
The first sentence, *"One way to test this **would** be for a person to journey from coast to coast without any money, relying solely on the goodwill of his fellow Americans."* is written in the present time. He is making a real assertion. He can use *will* instead of *would*, but he makes it "less assertive" by using *would* instead. This can be read as he is quite open to other ways (to test), or he is less sure about the test.
The second sentence is a hypothetical (unreal) thought. Once he assumes "what if" according to the first sentence, every *would* after that indicates "unreal thinking": *What kind of Americans **would** he find? Who **would** feed him, shelter him, carry him down the road?* -- The tense usage is similar to those in the "present unreal conditionals", for example, *"If we **tested** so, what kind of Americans **would** he find?"* | "One way to test this would be for a person to journey from coast to coast without any money."
If you reformulate this sententence with an if- clause you get something like:
If one wanted to test this a test would be for a person to journey ...
And I think this "would" is the normal "would" used after irreal if-clauses with Past tense subjunctive,
only the irreal condition is not formulated with an if-clause, but in a different way. |
3,833,513 | Is there a definition of "framework" that could be used to distinguish a framework from a collection of utilities functions and/or libraries?
Where does one end and the other start or is the line between them blurry? | 2010/09/30 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3833513",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1000000/"
] | A library is something your program uses, your program calls the library code. A framework is something that you write code for, and the framework calls your code. For instance in an MVC web application you write controllers for it, those controllers are instantiated and called by the framework, the framework is in charge.
Spring is an example of a framework that also includes libraries (like spring-jdbc, for instance). | The line is very blurry, IMO, and the word framework often comes down to a marketing term. For example, the .Net framework provides both a set of libraries (e.g., code that you can call, in Nathan Hughes answer), and a something you write code for that calls your code.
When I personally think of framework, I think of something that provides some hints as to the structure of your code. It tells you what components of your application might exist, and how they might interact, or where they might sit on the filesystem, even. |
3,833,513 | Is there a definition of "framework" that could be used to distinguish a framework from a collection of utilities functions and/or libraries?
Where does one end and the other start or is the line between them blurry? | 2010/09/30 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3833513",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1000000/"
] | A library is something your program uses, your program calls the library code. A framework is something that you write code for, and the framework calls your code. For instance in an MVC web application you write controllers for it, those controllers are instantiated and called by the framework, the framework is in charge.
Spring is an example of a framework that also includes libraries (like spring-jdbc, for instance). | Frameworks tend to be more generic than libraries. You might write a library of utilities for your application. You application might use a (generic) framework that could be used for a completely different purpose. |
3,833,513 | Is there a definition of "framework" that could be used to distinguish a framework from a collection of utilities functions and/or libraries?
Where does one end and the other start or is the line between them blurry? | 2010/09/30 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3833513",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1000000/"
] | The line is very blurry, IMO, and the word framework often comes down to a marketing term. For example, the .Net framework provides both a set of libraries (e.g., code that you can call, in Nathan Hughes answer), and a something you write code for that calls your code.
When I personally think of framework, I think of something that provides some hints as to the structure of your code. It tells you what components of your application might exist, and how they might interact, or where they might sit on the filesystem, even. | Frameworks tend to be more generic than libraries. You might write a library of utilities for your application. You application might use a (generic) framework that could be used for a completely different purpose. |
4,635,493 | Are there any good online resources (including commercial) or books for learning Spring.NET? The only resources I found are examples and documentation on [Spring.NET web](http://www.springframework.net/examples.html). Is it enough? | 2011/01/08 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/4635493",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/413501/"
] | The only guide available is the Spring.NET website, I only know of one book (Applying Domain-Driven Design and Patterns: With Examples in C# and .NET) where it is mentioned and that, along with other resources, is listed on the Spring.NET website which can be found [here](http://www.springframework.net/documentation.html).
In an upcoming book Dependency Injection there's also a topic on Spring.NET, it's currently available through the [MEAP](http://www.manning.com/seemann/) program. | There are lots of Spring books out there, but the ones I know about all deal with the Java version.
I'm not aware of any .NET specific versions. Amazon brought back [these](http://www.amazon.com/s/ref=nb_sb_noss?url=search-alias%3Daps&field-keywords=spring.net&x=0&y=0). The one book devoted to Spring.NET is out of print with limited availability.
I'm not sure how well Spring.NET is doing as a framework. It's got to get over the "not from Microsoft, not Enterprise Framework" hurdle.
I love it on the Java side; not sure that it's diffusing into the .NET world rapidly. |
229,489 | I need some help with a lexical issue. In my native language we have one word that means "close" both in terms of distance (meters etc) and in terms of distance in time. The same goes for "far" and everything related. So it's very difficult for me do distinguish.
What words could be used to say **close** in terms of time, and what in terms of distance? Are some of them interchangable, or only reserved for one meaning? The same goes for **far**. How do you distinguish? I'd be grateful for some help :) | 2019/11/06 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/229489",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/104385/"
] | TIME: close and far can be used with time
* It was **nowhere near** 8:00 pm. [for far from a specific time.]
* It was far from 8:00 pm when we started.
* It was close or closer to 7:30 when we left. [close to a time]
Close to a time and nowhere near a time [or far from a time.]
Otherwise, ***close*** and *far* apply to distances, for sure. | In English "close" and "far" almost always refer to distance.
The closest common words that express that idea for time are "soon", and "later" or "eventually"
If you look up close/far in a thesaurus you'll find plenty of other options for distance, and if you look up soon/later/eventually you'll find other options for time.
Sometimes people might talk about time as a physical space, and might use distance words to refer to time. For example "The time to worry about that is far in the future" or "The party starts close to the time we're supposed to be at dinner".
I can't think of a use case where I'd use a time word to express distance. |
229,489 | I need some help with a lexical issue. In my native language we have one word that means "close" both in terms of distance (meters etc) and in terms of distance in time. The same goes for "far" and everything related. So it's very difficult for me do distinguish.
What words could be used to say **close** in terms of time, and what in terms of distance? Are some of them interchangable, or only reserved for one meaning? The same goes for **far**. How do you distinguish? I'd be grateful for some help :) | 2019/11/06 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/229489",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/104385/"
] | TIME: close and far can be used with time
* It was **nowhere near** 8:00 pm. [for far from a specific time.]
* It was far from 8:00 pm when we started.
* It was close or closer to 7:30 when we left. [close to a time]
Close to a time and nowhere near a time [or far from a time.]
Otherwise, ***close*** and *far* apply to distances, for sure. | You could use the adverb "nearly" for time and distance, as in these examples:
1. It is *nearly* time for dinner.
2. We are *nearly* there.
"Approaching" is also a good word for something becoming closer both in distance and in time, such as:
1. We are now *approaching* the airport.
2. The Christmas season is *approaching*.
Lexico defines "approaching" here:
<https://www.lexico.com/definition/approaching>
They describe it as an adjective "Coming nearer in distance or time.
‘an approaching car’
‘He warned of an approaching crisis.'"
"Long" and "short" can also be used to express time and distance.
1. It will be a *long* time before we get there.
2. It is a *long* way to Florida.
3. We will arrive in a *short* time.
4. We will arrive *shortly*/in a *short* time.
The English language contains a rich vocabulary. I imagine it could be very overwhelming to learn it. As a native English speaker, I can safely say that I would not want to have to learn it as an adult! Reading will help you greatly, and you will discover many ways to express yourself. Good luck on your journey! |
81,915 | >
> As of publication, however, he has not reached the next stage of the tech bro homeless **rant** cycle. --[*The Guardian*](http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/feb/17/san-francisco-tech-open-letter-i-dont-want-to-see-homeless-riff-raff), 2/17/16
>
>
>
I tried to look up the word and found that *rant* means "talking nonsense."
Please explain to me the meaning of the sentence and what *rant* means in it. | 2016/02/19 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/81915",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/28026/"
] | You should try to look up words in a learner's dictionary.
One is [Merriam-Webster's Learner's Dictionary](http://learnersdictionary.com/).
It says that to rant is
>
> : to talk loudly and in a way that shows anger : to complain in a way that is unreasonable
>
>
>
The sentence means:
So far, he did not complain even more strongly, like other technology guys in San Francisco are doing.
The sentence appears in [San Francisco tech worker: 'I don't want to see homeless riff-raff'](http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/feb/17/san-francisco-tech-open-letter-i-dont-want-to-see-homeless-riff-raff). | Rant means shouting in an angry and boorish manner about something that heavily bothers the speaker.
The sentence above cannot be parsed, and therefore, as it stands, it has no meaning.
You can start a rant about my answer if you like. [Practical Education] |
314,558 | It’s 3P.M. I have get off my car and
on entering our house I see my wife
Jane and ask her:
*Where are the kids?*
She answers:
*They will be playing football the
whole afternoon.*
From her answer I’m drawing the
following inference. The kids are
playing football now, and that they
will be playing football till the
end of the afternoon.
Can one use future progressive
(continuous) tense to express
future action commenced before
the moment of utterance of the
above dialogue?
If not, the cumbersome construction
must be used
She answers:
*They are playing football [now].*
And
*They will be playing football the
whole afternoon.* | 2022/05/03 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/314558",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/155172/"
] | My short answer is yes, you can. Both of your imaginary Jane's answers seem fine. "They'll be {doing x activity} for {x time period}" would mean to me that the 'they' in question have already started that activity. The only thing I would take issue with in your post is that we would more typically say "I get out of my car". | Your wife hasn't answered your question directly. Instead she's given you a clue that you can use to infer the answer to your question. She's told you where they will be and you are allowed to deduce from that where they are.
This is quite common in conversation.
>
> Where are the kids?
>
>
> There's a special deal on at the cinema.
>
>
>
Again the "answer" doesn't answer the question, but from it you can infer where the kids are.
So "will be playing" doesn't mean "they started playing earlier". It doesn't explicitly say anything about earlier. But you are allowed to deduce that from context. |
25,585 | I've just come across what appears to be a [deliberate parody ICO known as PonziCoin](http://ponzicoin.co/). It declares itself to be "The World's First Legitimate Ponzi Scheme", on the grounds that it is open and transparent about its intentions to funnel late investors' money into the hands of the founder and earlier investors. For some reason I can't fathom, at least some people appear to be investing real money in this.
I'm aware that actual Ponzi Schemes are against the law in most countries. The founder appears to be based in San Francisco so presumably US law applies here. The question is: is such a scheme against the law even if it never pretends to be anything else? | 2018/01/24 | [
"https://law.stackexchange.com/questions/25585",
"https://law.stackexchange.com",
"https://law.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | The ultimate question is whether an obviously joke enterprise constitutes a real offering of securities or just performance art (a Ponzi scheme is one of many types of securities fraud).
An unregistered offering of securities that does not fall within an exception is per se unlawful under federal law, but a security is generally defined as something offered with at least a prospect of making a potential profit for the investor which is not something that is true of this offering. (And if less than $1,000,000 are sold it might even be within an exemption to securities laws).
State securities laws are divided into two categories. Most allow any offering of securities so long as proper disclosures are made and the offer is restricted to the right kind of investors. A minority impose substantive quality standards on offerings and this offering might violate the law in those states (although this still would present the question of whether a known money losing opportunity is really a security since there is no evidence of an intent to potentially make a profit from the investment). I do not believe that California imposes substantive quality of investment standards on public or private offerings of securities.
Any deal whether or not it is a security is actionable if it is fraudulent. Normally an element of any claim for fraud is justified reliance upon a representation or upon a failure to disclose information. But, in this case, it is hard to see how anyone could say that they were justified in relying on any representation in making a purchase because they were told that they were being cheated. So, it is hard to see how a fraud claim would be sustained here either.
I'm not sure that this cleanly falls into the category of gambling either, even though there is money at stake and the outcome isn't entirely certain. This doesn't really seem like a game of chance to me.
Indeed, viewed as performance art, this scheme might even be entitled to First Amendment protection.
Ultimately, I would not prioritize a civil or criminal action against this enterprise either from the perspective of a private lawyer representing an investor, or from the perspective of a government enforcement authority. And, while I would be a little nervous about running this enterprise, I wouldn't be quaking in my boots. In a civil lawsuit, any award would probably be minimal, and in a criminal case there would probably be an extremely generous plea offered. | Probably. While it doesn't sound like there's any fraud, it does seem to be gambling. In most jurisdictions, unregulated online gambling is illegal. |
25,585 | I've just come across what appears to be a [deliberate parody ICO known as PonziCoin](http://ponzicoin.co/). It declares itself to be "The World's First Legitimate Ponzi Scheme", on the grounds that it is open and transparent about its intentions to funnel late investors' money into the hands of the founder and earlier investors. For some reason I can't fathom, at least some people appear to be investing real money in this.
I'm aware that actual Ponzi Schemes are against the law in most countries. The founder appears to be based in San Francisco so presumably US law applies here. The question is: is such a scheme against the law even if it never pretends to be anything else? | 2018/01/24 | [
"https://law.stackexchange.com/questions/25585",
"https://law.stackexchange.com",
"https://law.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | The site is worded as a parody, so it's likely this isn't a thing. Further, there is now a disclaimer on the site that says
>
> This has gotten crazy out of hand, I apologize but we will no longer be selling PonziCoin on this site because this was a joke. I cannot terminate the contract but I will not be selling any coins that I own.
>
>
>
In the Q&A section, under "This seems like a great investment opportunity!," the reply is:
>
> A: No, this is a joke. Don't put any significant amount of money in this, follow /r/personalfinance's advice and please don't invest more than you can lose in crypto
>
>
> | Probably. While it doesn't sound like there's any fraud, it does seem to be gambling. In most jurisdictions, unregulated online gambling is illegal. |
25,585 | I've just come across what appears to be a [deliberate parody ICO known as PonziCoin](http://ponzicoin.co/). It declares itself to be "The World's First Legitimate Ponzi Scheme", on the grounds that it is open and transparent about its intentions to funnel late investors' money into the hands of the founder and earlier investors. For some reason I can't fathom, at least some people appear to be investing real money in this.
I'm aware that actual Ponzi Schemes are against the law in most countries. The founder appears to be based in San Francisco so presumably US law applies here. The question is: is such a scheme against the law even if it never pretends to be anything else? | 2018/01/24 | [
"https://law.stackexchange.com/questions/25585",
"https://law.stackexchange.com",
"https://law.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | The ultimate question is whether an obviously joke enterprise constitutes a real offering of securities or just performance art (a Ponzi scheme is one of many types of securities fraud).
An unregistered offering of securities that does not fall within an exception is per se unlawful under federal law, but a security is generally defined as something offered with at least a prospect of making a potential profit for the investor which is not something that is true of this offering. (And if less than $1,000,000 are sold it might even be within an exemption to securities laws).
State securities laws are divided into two categories. Most allow any offering of securities so long as proper disclosures are made and the offer is restricted to the right kind of investors. A minority impose substantive quality standards on offerings and this offering might violate the law in those states (although this still would present the question of whether a known money losing opportunity is really a security since there is no evidence of an intent to potentially make a profit from the investment). I do not believe that California imposes substantive quality of investment standards on public or private offerings of securities.
Any deal whether or not it is a security is actionable if it is fraudulent. Normally an element of any claim for fraud is justified reliance upon a representation or upon a failure to disclose information. But, in this case, it is hard to see how anyone could say that they were justified in relying on any representation in making a purchase because they were told that they were being cheated. So, it is hard to see how a fraud claim would be sustained here either.
I'm not sure that this cleanly falls into the category of gambling either, even though there is money at stake and the outcome isn't entirely certain. This doesn't really seem like a game of chance to me.
Indeed, viewed as performance art, this scheme might even be entitled to First Amendment protection.
Ultimately, I would not prioritize a civil or criminal action against this enterprise either from the perspective of a private lawyer representing an investor, or from the perspective of a government enforcement authority. And, while I would be a little nervous about running this enterprise, I wouldn't be quaking in my boots. In a civil lawsuit, any award would probably be minimal, and in a criminal case there would probably be an extremely generous plea offered. | My understanding was that Ponzi schemes are illegal. Yes, that was a full stop. However, it is generally not illegal to give somebody money if you want.
The only way that I can fathom this is if that by declaring the operation fully and transparently, including the intention to funnel money as you have stated, that it is no longer what is declared a Ponzi scheme since there is no slight of hand and no deception. |
25,585 | I've just come across what appears to be a [deliberate parody ICO known as PonziCoin](http://ponzicoin.co/). It declares itself to be "The World's First Legitimate Ponzi Scheme", on the grounds that it is open and transparent about its intentions to funnel late investors' money into the hands of the founder and earlier investors. For some reason I can't fathom, at least some people appear to be investing real money in this.
I'm aware that actual Ponzi Schemes are against the law in most countries. The founder appears to be based in San Francisco so presumably US law applies here. The question is: is such a scheme against the law even if it never pretends to be anything else? | 2018/01/24 | [
"https://law.stackexchange.com/questions/25585",
"https://law.stackexchange.com",
"https://law.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | The site is worded as a parody, so it's likely this isn't a thing. Further, there is now a disclaimer on the site that says
>
> This has gotten crazy out of hand, I apologize but we will no longer be selling PonziCoin on this site because this was a joke. I cannot terminate the contract but I will not be selling any coins that I own.
>
>
>
In the Q&A section, under "This seems like a great investment opportunity!," the reply is:
>
> A: No, this is a joke. Don't put any significant amount of money in this, follow /r/personalfinance's advice and please don't invest more than you can lose in crypto
>
>
> | My understanding was that Ponzi schemes are illegal. Yes, that was a full stop. However, it is generally not illegal to give somebody money if you want.
The only way that I can fathom this is if that by declaring the operation fully and transparently, including the intention to funnel money as you have stated, that it is no longer what is declared a Ponzi scheme since there is no slight of hand and no deception. |
25,585 | I've just come across what appears to be a [deliberate parody ICO known as PonziCoin](http://ponzicoin.co/). It declares itself to be "The World's First Legitimate Ponzi Scheme", on the grounds that it is open and transparent about its intentions to funnel late investors' money into the hands of the founder and earlier investors. For some reason I can't fathom, at least some people appear to be investing real money in this.
I'm aware that actual Ponzi Schemes are against the law in most countries. The founder appears to be based in San Francisco so presumably US law applies here. The question is: is such a scheme against the law even if it never pretends to be anything else? | 2018/01/24 | [
"https://law.stackexchange.com/questions/25585",
"https://law.stackexchange.com",
"https://law.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | The ultimate question is whether an obviously joke enterprise constitutes a real offering of securities or just performance art (a Ponzi scheme is one of many types of securities fraud).
An unregistered offering of securities that does not fall within an exception is per se unlawful under federal law, but a security is generally defined as something offered with at least a prospect of making a potential profit for the investor which is not something that is true of this offering. (And if less than $1,000,000 are sold it might even be within an exemption to securities laws).
State securities laws are divided into two categories. Most allow any offering of securities so long as proper disclosures are made and the offer is restricted to the right kind of investors. A minority impose substantive quality standards on offerings and this offering might violate the law in those states (although this still would present the question of whether a known money losing opportunity is really a security since there is no evidence of an intent to potentially make a profit from the investment). I do not believe that California imposes substantive quality of investment standards on public or private offerings of securities.
Any deal whether or not it is a security is actionable if it is fraudulent. Normally an element of any claim for fraud is justified reliance upon a representation or upon a failure to disclose information. But, in this case, it is hard to see how anyone could say that they were justified in relying on any representation in making a purchase because they were told that they were being cheated. So, it is hard to see how a fraud claim would be sustained here either.
I'm not sure that this cleanly falls into the category of gambling either, even though there is money at stake and the outcome isn't entirely certain. This doesn't really seem like a game of chance to me.
Indeed, viewed as performance art, this scheme might even be entitled to First Amendment protection.
Ultimately, I would not prioritize a civil or criminal action against this enterprise either from the perspective of a private lawyer representing an investor, or from the perspective of a government enforcement authority. And, while I would be a little nervous about running this enterprise, I wouldn't be quaking in my boots. In a civil lawsuit, any award would probably be minimal, and in a criminal case there would probably be an extremely generous plea offered. | The site is worded as a parody, so it's likely this isn't a thing. Further, there is now a disclaimer on the site that says
>
> This has gotten crazy out of hand, I apologize but we will no longer be selling PonziCoin on this site because this was a joke. I cannot terminate the contract but I will not be selling any coins that I own.
>
>
>
In the Q&A section, under "This seems like a great investment opportunity!," the reply is:
>
> A: No, this is a joke. Don't put any significant amount of money in this, follow /r/personalfinance's advice and please don't invest more than you can lose in crypto
>
>
> |
15,469 | >
> The **pioneers** left a blazing trial of courage and chivalry.
>
>
>
In this sentence, does the word *pioneer* mean *explorers*, *inventors* or *settlers*? It is answered as *settlers* [here.](http://www.indiabix.com/verbal-ability/synonyms/discussion-682)
But I think it ought to be *explorers*, because the word *left* in the sentence sounds like the pioneers left something for the subsequent visitors. | 2014/01/08 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/15469",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/2184/"
] | I'm not personally a big fan of this kind of exercises (the one mentioned in the question). It's too often that the context wasn't clear enough.
However, let's analyze it. Here are the definitions of those keywords I chose from what Google gave,
>
> ***blaze*** (v.) set an example by being the first to do something; pioneer. *"small firms would set the pace, blazing a trail for others to follow"*
>
> ***courage*** (n.) strength in the face of pain or grief.
>
> ***chivalry*** (n.) the combination of qualities expected of an ideal knight, esp. courage, honor, courtesy, justice, and a readiness to help the weak.
>
>
>
Here are some of the definitions for *pioneer*,
>
> * a person who is among the first to explore or settle a new country or area.
>
> synonyms: settler, colonist, colonizer, frontiersman, frontierswoman, explorer, trailblazer, bushwhacker
>
> *"the pioneers of the Wild West"*
> * a person who is among the first to research and develop a new area of knowledge or activity.
>
> *"a famous pioneer of birth control"*
>
> synonyms: developer, innovator, trailblazer, groundbreaker, spearhead;
> founder, founding father, architect, creator
>
> *"an aviation pioneer"*
>
>
>
Obviously, *pioneer* is a synonym for *settler*, *colonist*, *explorer*, and *innovator*. And *innovator* is not very far from *inventor*. However, let's get back to the sentence,
>
> The pioneers left a blazing *trail* of courage and chivalry.
>
>
>
With the words *courage* and *chivalry*, the word *inventor* is an unlikely answer (though it can be argued that many inventors were also full of courage and chivalry qualities). The basic sense of the word *inventor* is "a person who invented something." Also, the word *colonialist* is not quite the same as *colonist*. The Free Dictionary defines *[colonialist](http://www.thefreedictionary.com/colonialist)* as a believer in colonialism. This makes *colonialist* not a good answer.
Thus we are left with two good choices: *explorers* and *settlers*. Here are their definitions,
>
> ***explorer*** (n.) a person who explores an unfamiliar area; an adventurer.
>
> ***settler*** (n.) a person who settles in an area, typically one with no or few previous inhabitants.
>
>
>
When talking about leaving something behind (*a blazing trail* in this case), *settler* seems to fit better. However, in my opinion, both of them (*explorers* and *setters*) can be a good answer. | I think the writer of the question is using pioneers in the sense of [American pioneers](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_pioneer), the people who migrated to settle the western parts of the United States. This is why the closest answer is settlers.
However I think it's a poor question since the single sentence really doesn't give enough context to make it clear that that's what they mean. |
15,469 | >
> The **pioneers** left a blazing trial of courage and chivalry.
>
>
>
In this sentence, does the word *pioneer* mean *explorers*, *inventors* or *settlers*? It is answered as *settlers* [here.](http://www.indiabix.com/verbal-ability/synonyms/discussion-682)
But I think it ought to be *explorers*, because the word *left* in the sentence sounds like the pioneers left something for the subsequent visitors. | 2014/01/08 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/15469",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/2184/"
] | I'm not personally a big fan of this kind of exercises (the one mentioned in the question). It's too often that the context wasn't clear enough.
However, let's analyze it. Here are the definitions of those keywords I chose from what Google gave,
>
> ***blaze*** (v.) set an example by being the first to do something; pioneer. *"small firms would set the pace, blazing a trail for others to follow"*
>
> ***courage*** (n.) strength in the face of pain or grief.
>
> ***chivalry*** (n.) the combination of qualities expected of an ideal knight, esp. courage, honor, courtesy, justice, and a readiness to help the weak.
>
>
>
Here are some of the definitions for *pioneer*,
>
> * a person who is among the first to explore or settle a new country or area.
>
> synonyms: settler, colonist, colonizer, frontiersman, frontierswoman, explorer, trailblazer, bushwhacker
>
> *"the pioneers of the Wild West"*
> * a person who is among the first to research and develop a new area of knowledge or activity.
>
> *"a famous pioneer of birth control"*
>
> synonyms: developer, innovator, trailblazer, groundbreaker, spearhead;
> founder, founding father, architect, creator
>
> *"an aviation pioneer"*
>
>
>
Obviously, *pioneer* is a synonym for *settler*, *colonist*, *explorer*, and *innovator*. And *innovator* is not very far from *inventor*. However, let's get back to the sentence,
>
> The pioneers left a blazing *trail* of courage and chivalry.
>
>
>
With the words *courage* and *chivalry*, the word *inventor* is an unlikely answer (though it can be argued that many inventors were also full of courage and chivalry qualities). The basic sense of the word *inventor* is "a person who invented something." Also, the word *colonialist* is not quite the same as *colonist*. The Free Dictionary defines *[colonialist](http://www.thefreedictionary.com/colonialist)* as a believer in colonialism. This makes *colonialist* not a good answer.
Thus we are left with two good choices: *explorers* and *settlers*. Here are their definitions,
>
> ***explorer*** (n.) a person who explores an unfamiliar area; an adventurer.
>
> ***settler*** (n.) a person who settles in an area, typically one with no or few previous inhabitants.
>
>
>
When talking about leaving something behind (*a blazing trail* in this case), *settler* seems to fit better. However, in my opinion, both of them (*explorers* and *setters*) can be a good answer. | We should know the context. Without it, there is even one more possibility - the pioneers as a kind of soldiers, who perform construction and demolition work in the field to facilitate troop movement. It fits the best.
[All meanings are](http://www.thefreedictionary.com/pioneer):
1. One who ventures into unknown or unclaimed territory to settle.
2. One who opens up new areas of thought, research, or development: a pioneer in aviation.
3. A soldier who performs construction and demolition work in the field to facilitate troop movements.
4. Ecology An animal or plant species that establishes itself in a previously barren environment.
The "choosing" question, as usually, is incorrect - it is ambiguous at least and the best meaning is not proposed.
---
Because of the "manliness", inventors are inprobable(not impossible though).
Colonialists are OK, the settlers were colonialists, but it doesn't fit emotionally - "colonialists" have negative connotation and "chivalry" - positive.
Settlers could be OK if we can be sure the author takes them positively. An Indian author rather not.
Explorers are definitely OK. They could and did expose all those qualities and are taken positively by all sides.
I would say that **explorers** are the best answer of the proposed ones. But with question set so badly you can never tell what they meant. |
340,947 | I want to use a shift-register to generate video signal directly from SRAM. And researching I found that the pixel rate of NTSC is 12.272MHz and I can't find any crystal closer to that speed than 12MHz. That also makes easy to generate the memory addresses on the memory.
I want to know if modern TV sets can compensate for the offset. I won't be using the color subcarrier. Only grayscale. | 2017/11/21 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/340947",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/136235/"
] | To answer your actual question, no, "modern" TV sets will not be very forgiving.
Older TVs and monitors (analog signal path, CRT display) were very forgiving. Anything that had approximately the correct vertical and horizontal sync frequencies would display *something* useful.
Any modern set (i.e., digital signal path, flatscreen display) will be sampling and digitizing your NTSC signal with a 13.500 MHz sample clock so that it can be scaled and displayed. If your pixel rate isn't close enough so that the TV can synchronize to it, the pixels will be "smeared" across multiple samples and will look fuzzy. | You can generate an NTSC compatible monochrome signal from a 12 MHz dot clock, but you will end up with an atypical horizontal resolution, and you will not be able to exploit any easy relationships to the colorburst frequency to do simple digital color.
With a fully analog monitor like a CRT, horizontal resolution is more a question of *bandwidth* than precise dot pitch. However, with a sampled monitor like an LCD, a resolution that doesn't readily scale to the actual panel resolution would likely produce a slightly less satisfying picture, especially if your source material is simply computer generated vs. being a photographic (or subtly rendered) natural image.
It's become fairly popular to build such projects inside an FPGA rather than by wiring up lots of legacy chips on a board/breadboard. Should you choose that approach, most modern FPGAs have clock generation logic which can produce a more suitable frequency by a combination of multiplication and division from your available clock input.
Another approach could be to use a clock generator IC like the Si5351, which is conveniently available on breakout boards. |
340,947 | I want to use a shift-register to generate video signal directly from SRAM. And researching I found that the pixel rate of NTSC is 12.272MHz and I can't find any crystal closer to that speed than 12MHz. That also makes easy to generate the memory addresses on the memory.
I want to know if modern TV sets can compensate for the offset. I won't be using the color subcarrier. Only grayscale. | 2017/11/21 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/340947",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/136235/"
] | Depends how clear you want the image to be on an LCD, and whether you're using that same crystal for sync timing or just for reading pixels out of a buffer.
The 12.272MHz you reference is an older standard for digitising NTSC video specifically, before MPEG came along and everyone standardised on 13.5MHz instead (which works equally well for PAL, and meant that the same crystal and pixel widths could be used globally instead of having twin 12.27 and 14.75 crystals and frames that had to be rescaled horizontally - a difficult job - as well as - more easily - vertically and temporally). It's equal to 640 pixels across most of the active width of the screen (52.15us to be exact, leaving about 7 pixel times unsampled right at the very edges out of a full 53.33us window), and, as it's derived from the NTSC colour clock (24/7ths of 3.58MHz), also gives us exactly 780 clocks per line so it's easy to use it for timing purposes as well. This was even adopted by a small number of Japanese home computers in the late 80s/early 90s to give a TV-compatible high-rez overscan mode based off a 24.545MHz crystal (= twice 12.272) and counting 1560 clocks/line instead.
However, that standard switch did take place an AWFUL long time ago - like, 25 years or more, with only very early video digitisation gear hanging on to the older frequency. I'm impressed you managed to somehow find that standard but not the more modern and far more widespread 13.5, in fact.
Another thing to bear in mind: the active period of a line is NOT what's typically displayed, and includes quite a bit of overscan. If you want a display area similar to that used by, e.g. the classic Amiga line of computers, you need to limit your output to no more than 45us per scanline, roughly centred within that window. Which at 12.272MHz is only about 552 pixels instead of 640. If you push that out to an Apple II-like 560 pixels, that's 45.6us and will be almost but not quite kissing the bezel at the wider parts of a CRT TV, and will likely lose a little content right in the corners due to tube curvature. If you want to definitely overscan but by the minimal amount possible, then you need to ape a lot of 8-bit (and some early 16-bit) consoles and produce an image in the 47.5 to 48us range (for those, 256 pixels at 5.37MHz), or about 584 pixels. I'm not sure what the limit would be with an LCD, but typically they show a bit more of the overscan area than a CRT, especially the widescreen models; I think I remember pushing Amiga overscan out to a little over 700 pixels (14.32MHz clock), which would be about 600 in your case. Essentially if you wanted a background that overscanned in all cases, but content that was viewable on all screens, you'd want to generate at least 608 pixels of BG but limit your actual meaningful data to the centre 544. Maybe 512 within 640 to be ultra safe.
But, unless we're going to start ripping apart old machines, we don't have a 12.272MHz crystal available, do we (NB. have you tried looking for 24.545 and using a /2 clock divider chip?)... So, adjusting things for 12MHz...
First up, we might have a timing issue. 12MHz doesn't divide cleanly into the 15.75kHz that's the actual line rate for monochrome, nor the 15.734...kHz of colour. If you can clock it at 762 pixel times per line, you'll land somewhere in-between, 15.748kHz, which I would expect most screens to still accept, including LCDs. If your timing options are rather more constrained (e.g. it has to be a whole number of character spaces, which works for 6-pixel-wide cells but not 7, 8, 9, or even 12) then your line rate is going to end up varying from the standard somewhat. Additionally, are you producing progressive or interlaced output? CRTs generally cope with 15khz progressive quite well but some LCDs supposedly go a bit funny (though I've not yet personally encountered a problem hooking up classic consoles - which are almost universally progressive - to them), and your framerate will vary slightly depending on which you choose. The standard is either 60.000Hz monochrome or 59.940Hz colour, but 15.748kHz progressive (262 or 263 line) will be 60.107 or 59.878Hz, and interlace (262.5 line) 59.993Hz. Again, the variance is small enough that most sets should be absolutely fine, but there's no guarantee because it IS nonstandard.
After that, your pixel counts will be off. A full 53.333us window at 12MHz gives us that same 640 pixels again, so you will *just* avoid overrunning into the blanking and sync area if you use that width. However it might be safer to use a narrower line even so. The 12.272MHz standard equates to more like 624 pixels at 12MHz, the slightly overscanned width used by 8-bit consoles is about 576 pixels, and the Amiga active area is more like 540 pixels. Again, to be absolutely safe, I'd say it would be better to use the central 528 or 512 instead. (A more Atari ST or C64-like window would be around 480 pixels wide). So you can still get 80-column text in, so long as you use a 6-pixel font, or accept that the full width might only be visible on LCDs if you use a 7-pixel one. (8-pixel adds up to 640)
However this leads us to the bigger problem: pixel sampling. Any modern digital screen you connect it to will likely use a 13.5MHz sampling rate and therefore end up blurring occasional columns of pixels (basically, you're running at 8/9ths of what it expects, so every 8 pixels you produce will be sampled using 9, so out of every block of 8 the 4th and 5th ones will end up smeared together, and all but the 1st and 8th will show *some* blurring), which can harm text readability unless you have a fairly wide font; 6-pixel text will be murdered, 8-pixel will be reasonable, 12-pixel should be fine.
The question begged by all this, however: Is there any reason you can't just use 13.5MHz instead? That's both the de facto and de jure standard for digital sampling of standard-def video in both NTSC and PAL domains, and if you base your timing on that there shouldn't be any compatibility issues, plus text rendering on flatscreen TVs should be pin-sharp (or at least, as sharp as their own internal rescaling of the sampled image to fit the panel dimensions will allow). It's even used as the basis for HD sampling, via suitable scale factors, so it will retain said compatibility on the SD inputs of HD screens, and you can easily modify your design to output HD if desired. The crystals required should be as easy to get hold of as the colourburst ones are (...or at least, were), because they're extremely common components used in almost every digital device with a TV-standard output which doesn't just use a PLL, and end up being co-opted to clock a variety of other circuits as a result, just like the colourburst clocks were. (NB. it may actually be easier to find 27MHz or even 54MHz, as the 13.5 clock is usually divided down from one or the other, because the higher frequency then allows a greater range of slower clocks to be produced; same as how CB crystals were more commonly 14.318 or 28.636MHz instead of 3.58 or even 7.16)
If your circuitry can't run much faster than 12MHz, and certainly can't stretch to 13.5, then you could subdivide to 6.25 and still produce a reasonable display if your demands aren't too severe. Or divide 27MHz by 3 and produce a 9MHz signal, and accept that every other on-screen pixel will be formed of two generated pixels blended together (but should remain readable as all the original clear pixels will still appear in some way).
Timings for 13.5MHz run as follows:
Clocks per line = 858 pixel clocks (13.5/858 = 15734.27Hz, exactly 15750/1.001 so perfectly compatible with NTSC colour, although not specifically monochrome)
Active window = 720 pixel clocks (= 53.333us; ie, 9/8ths of 12MHz)
12.272MHz active period equivalent = 704 pixel clocks (and funnily enough, 720 and 704 are the two main choices for MPEG2 video width, particularly on DVD)
~700 pixels on an Amiga equivalent = about 660 pixels, IE this is about the limit of what will actually display on a widescreen LCD.
8-bit console just-overscan = 640 to 648 pixels. IE you should just about be able to see 640 across at the widest point of a typical CRT TV, and that width should render with just a small border on a widescreen LCD.
Amiga or equivalent computer just-underscan = 600 to 608 pixels. You have a fighting chance of this entire width being visible across most of the height of a normally-adjusted CRT (say the central 192 lines progressive/384 interlace), maybe just losing a tiny amount in the corners (around the extremes of a 200/400 line output).
ST/C64 or equivalent "fat border" computer underscan = About 544 pixels. You should therefore be able to absolutely rely on 560 or 576 being visible across the entire height of any given CRT (to at least 216/432 lines, or 224/448 if it displays that many; the commonly-given "240/480 lines" is the overscan height and you will not be able to see all of them even on an LCD), and 512 looking somewhat narrow.
Lines per frame = 262/263 progressive, 262.5 interlace (60.054/59.826, 59.940Hz)
FWIW, 13.5MHz is not a particularly high memory speed for reading video data even by 1980s standards. You should be able to produce 640 pixels of 4-bit greyscale (=16 shades, which with dithering can produce a fair illusion of photographic quality on a TV, so long as you've turned the colourburst signal off) using nothing more than Amiga-1000-grade (so 1984/85) technology, so long as the video memory is dedicated to the task; or maybe Amiga 3000/1200 grade (early 1990s) if you want full 8-bit greyscale plus the ability for a CPU to manipulate the video memory on a 50/50 shared access basis.
Your system would actually only need to run at a nominal 6.25MHz, and take 2 cycles for a memory access over a 16-bit wide bus. You then feed that 3.125MHz, 16-bit data stream into a shift register with taps at every fourth bit and shift it out at 13.5MHz... the data has to be bitplane interleaved, preferably as entirely separate pages or at least line-by-line for simplicity's sake (and with an intermediate 64-bit wide register that allows you to buffer 4x 16-bit chunks then drop them into the shifter in a single clock tick), which makes writing it slightly more complicated, but that wasn't an insurmountable problem for the engineers of the 1980s so you shouldn't have much of a problem. And if you're only producing *pure* monochrome output, ie black or white with no greys, you can run even slower memory and a simpler shifter setup. 8-bit wide at 3.125MHz clock (=1.0625MHz byte rate), or 6.25MHz if you want to maintain CPU access to memory during the active period, dumping its data directly into a basic parallel-to-serial converter would be sufficient.
Another thought: *If* you'd like to have colour output, why not take the CGA route and use a 14.318MHz crystal governing the monochrome (or greyscale?) output, which will be fast enough to show 640+ pixels across a typical CRT (and 700+ on a widescreen LCD), and, in concert with a colourburst sync signal (also generated from that same clock) can produce reliable NTSC artefact colour at an effective resolution of 160 pixels (with quarter-pixel placement resolution)? The available palette and the techniques for generating such are well known and can be researched without much difficulty, and writing the necessary data into memory is not really any different than storing the bit patterns for regular 4-bit chunky (or, with a bit of finagling at the output stage, 4-bit planar) direct colour output. Unless you disable (or skip) colourburst generation in your output stage, you'll likely be getting unwanted colour artefacts anyway with such high-resolution monochrome material...
NB. All of this of course is only directly relevant to NTSC areas; PAL uses the same 13.5MHz clock for digital but with a slightly smaller active window (equal to 702 pixels, generally just rounded up to 704), though the visible width is essentially the same, and a longer overall scanline (864 clocks = 15.625kHz) as well as a higher line count per frame (312, 312.5 or 313 lines = 50.08, 50.00, 49.92Hz) making for a greater visible height (typically 256 on a normally adjusted CRT, out to maybe 272 on an LCD, with an overscan total of 288). And its colour standard is different, using a 4.43MHz colourburst instead (meaning a rather faster general-purpose 17.73MHz master clock) plus an inversion of the carrier phase on each line (cancelling out any "unwanted" colours produced by unmoving interference), which makes producing artefact colours a much harder game and one that's generally avoided on the software/pixel generation side (instead being left to a dedicated composite video encoder that acts on a normal distinct-colour input signal). | You can generate an NTSC compatible monochrome signal from a 12 MHz dot clock, but you will end up with an atypical horizontal resolution, and you will not be able to exploit any easy relationships to the colorburst frequency to do simple digital color.
With a fully analog monitor like a CRT, horizontal resolution is more a question of *bandwidth* than precise dot pitch. However, with a sampled monitor like an LCD, a resolution that doesn't readily scale to the actual panel resolution would likely produce a slightly less satisfying picture, especially if your source material is simply computer generated vs. being a photographic (or subtly rendered) natural image.
It's become fairly popular to build such projects inside an FPGA rather than by wiring up lots of legacy chips on a board/breadboard. Should you choose that approach, most modern FPGAs have clock generation logic which can produce a more suitable frequency by a combination of multiplication and division from your available clock input.
Another approach could be to use a clock generator IC like the Si5351, which is conveniently available on breakout boards. |
119,736 | Two of my team members, Alice and Tina were sent to attend a 3 week seminar. It is being held in the residing city. Both are good contributors to the team but I haven't observed any animosity between them.
Today was their first day. Tina had called me up and gave me an informal update about it. At the same time, she is upset about what Alice said to her. Alice is friends with other teammates in the office; so, she kept telling Tina that it would have been better if XYZ was at the seminar. It was more of mumbling and it happened 4-5 times.
Tina wants to attend the seminar but is upset with Alice's behaviour. Now, since this information was passed on to me informally, I was wondering how best to handle this as the manager for both Alice & Tina.
The options I'm currently considering are:
1. Call up Alice and ask her casually about the seminar and tell her in a very casual tone that she needs to make new acquaintances as she moves outside the office. No mention of Tina here.
2. Call up Alice and tell her that Tina is hurt by what she said. And she needs to be more open about acquaintances.
Kindly suggest other possible options. | 2018/09/25 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/119736",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/75270/"
] | Even as their manager (perhaps *especially* as their manager) if a formal complaint *has not been filed* then I think you should stay out of it. This honestly doesn't sound like a particularly serious issue (Tina is offended that Alice wanted XYZ to be there. OK, so what? Tina will probably get over it by herself.)
If you speak to Alice about this, it's going to *sound like* a formal complaint *was filed,* and that could potentially just make things worse. Especially if Tina is unaware that you decided to do so.
Console Tina if she chooses to confide in you, and tell her you don't think Alice meant any offense by her remark, but don't speak to Alice unless Tina does decide to escalate to a formal complaint. | A manager gets informed about an employee about a sensitive situation in the team that includes another employee in the team.
First thing: the manager gently checks the other side of the story with the other employee.
Second thing (assuming the other side of the story is still not known): what is the mistake in this situation? Is it that Alice expressed a direct opinion to Tina? Not really, team members should be able to speak freely. Is it that Alice did not create any positive outcome from her action? Maybe. Or maybe Tina knows now that she is not perfect. Is Alice right in her judgement? Maybe yes, maybe no, who knows.. Is it that Alice is hurt? Feeling hurt is relative. I may feel hurt to hear that I did not pass the exam and John did. Still, John should not be punished for this.
Conclusion: should the manager take action? Since the impact is low, action is not justified.. The incident should be logged for monitoring purposes :)
Side note: the manager may be influenced more easily by employees who give unsolicited "informal updates". |
119,736 | Two of my team members, Alice and Tina were sent to attend a 3 week seminar. It is being held in the residing city. Both are good contributors to the team but I haven't observed any animosity between them.
Today was their first day. Tina had called me up and gave me an informal update about it. At the same time, she is upset about what Alice said to her. Alice is friends with other teammates in the office; so, she kept telling Tina that it would have been better if XYZ was at the seminar. It was more of mumbling and it happened 4-5 times.
Tina wants to attend the seminar but is upset with Alice's behaviour. Now, since this information was passed on to me informally, I was wondering how best to handle this as the manager for both Alice & Tina.
The options I'm currently considering are:
1. Call up Alice and ask her casually about the seminar and tell her in a very casual tone that she needs to make new acquaintances as she moves outside the office. No mention of Tina here.
2. Call up Alice and tell her that Tina is hurt by what she said. And she needs to be more open about acquaintances.
Kindly suggest other possible options. | 2018/09/25 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/119736",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/75270/"
] | Even as their manager (perhaps *especially* as their manager) if a formal complaint *has not been filed* then I think you should stay out of it. This honestly doesn't sound like a particularly serious issue (Tina is offended that Alice wanted XYZ to be there. OK, so what? Tina will probably get over it by herself.)
If you speak to Alice about this, it's going to *sound like* a formal complaint *was filed,* and that could potentially just make things worse. Especially if Tina is unaware that you decided to do so.
Console Tina if she chooses to confide in you, and tell her you don't think Alice meant any offense by her remark, but don't speak to Alice unless Tina does decide to escalate to a formal complaint. | I would actually explore this a bit with both of them. It's my opinion that you should always be trying to develop and improve your employees, and that furthermore "little things" should be handled as they come instead of being a surprise in a performance review or the like.
Let's say Alice was doing this a lot to various people - if someone's continuously micro-aggressioning others on the team, I'd certainly consider that poor teamwork and leadership come review time, yes? And that it's possible that Alice is doing this accidentally? It's an opportunity to learn.
So later in a regular one-on-one meeting, I'd ask Alice about how the conference went, then mention "Hey, Tina said you mentioned several times that someone else should be there instead of her, what's up?" Listen to the response and reply. "Oh I didn't mean she shouldn't be there, I just wish X was also along!" "Yes, X is working on a more relevant project so it seems like a misallocation of resources." "Yes, I hate the way Tina breathes and wish she would die." Whatever. Then you can say "Oh, well she felt bad maybe you should mention something to her" or "Well, I try to give all of you development opportunities beyond your current project," or "That's not professional behavior", whatever's required.
Employee development is an ongoing effort and not something that is just about "formal complaints" and "formal actions." In fact, if there are formal complaints and actions it means that someone's been letting things slip way before it comes to that point. |
53,828,151 | How to use Data Grid as data source, and show it to DevExpress ChartControl in WPF? Or, you have alternative solution, to show chart from data grid in WPF? | 2018/12/18 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/53828151",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/10804759/"
] | Although it is possible to bind the DevExpress ChartControl and GridControl to the same view model collection, you can also use the standard WPF binding syntax to link the GridControl to the ChartControl.DataSource property (*DataSource="{Binding ElementName=grid, Path=SelectedItems}"*).
This approach is shown in the *"Data Grid Charting"* ChartControl demo module from the DevExpress Demo Center. In this case, the chart's layout is automatically updated based on the actual grid selection state. | DataGrid should not be a data source for your ChartControl.
I assume that you using MVVM pattern for WPF application.
If you don't know about MVVM please read:
[MVVM: Tutorial from start to finish?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1405739/mvvm-tutorial-from-start-to-finish/4876946)
In short your DataGrid from "View" is bind to a data source from "ViewModel" and ChartControl should follow the same principle, it should be bind to a data source from "ViewModel" not DataGrid itself.
Its the same as asking how do I print document from my monitor (you could do this by scanning your monitor and printing :) ).
You don't connect you printer to you monitor in order to print, you use same document as "data source" from your hard drive to display it on monitor as well as print it on printer. |
53,828,151 | How to use Data Grid as data source, and show it to DevExpress ChartControl in WPF? Or, you have alternative solution, to show chart from data grid in WPF? | 2018/12/18 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/53828151",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/10804759/"
] | Although it is possible to bind the DevExpress ChartControl and GridControl to the same view model collection, you can also use the standard WPF binding syntax to link the GridControl to the ChartControl.DataSource property (*DataSource="{Binding ElementName=grid, Path=SelectedItems}"*).
This approach is shown in the *"Data Grid Charting"* ChartControl demo module from the DevExpress Demo Center. In this case, the chart's layout is automatically updated based on the actual grid selection state. | Starting from DevExpress version 15.2, **Report Generator** tool allows you to generate a report from the DevExpress Grid View.
See the [Advanced Grid Printing and Exporting](https://documentation.devexpress.com/WindowsForms/CustomDocument114962.aspx) help topic for more details. However, this approach will not work for the standard DataGridView. In this case, you can either use the [Report Wizard](https://documentation.devexpress.com/#XtraReports/CustomDocument4254) to bind a report to your DataGridView's data source and generate required layout. Alternatively, you can create the report layout manually. Review the approach described in the [How to create a report dynamically](https://www.devexpress.com/Support/Center/p/AK15900.aspx) article.
For specific to WPF, refer below documentation links:
[Grid-Based Report Generation](https://documentation.devexpress.com/WPF/117300/Controls-and-Libraries/Data-Grid/Printing-and-Exporting/Grid-Based-Report-Generation)
Please try these solutions and let me know if any of them helps. |
86,579 | [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/fSmoR.png)
Is it not a good practice to show the "delete" button in inactive state until the record is selected?
QA has posted a bug stating that the customer wasn't sure how to delete the report.
QA's recommendation is: Don't grey out delete option in reports section instead throw error when clicking on it without selecting any report.
I feel "Delete" button should be in inactive state when none of the records are selected.
My reasoning:
1) In many cases, action buttons will appear based on user selection (ex: gmail). In this case, "Delete" button is displayed in the page but it is in inactive state. Most of the users understands this behavior and will find a way to enable it. The logic is as simple as throwing something into the trash bin; one cannot throw something into the bin with empty hands :)
2) Delete is not the primary action in this page. Primary action in this page is "Create New Report". Enabling "Delete" button will make it more prominent than the "Create..." button.
Also, this would entail changes in many pages for the sake of consistency (esp in the pages where "Delete" is not the primary task)
3) Even better than good error messages is a careful design which prevents a problem from occurring in the first place. We should rather eliminate error-prone conditions. - [NNG](http://www.nngroup.com/articles/slips/) | 2015/11/04 | [
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/86579",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/users/68592/"
] | I would suggest:
1. **Change "delete" to "delete selected"**. This makes it clearer what the button does (whether you have any records selected or not).
2. **Consider changing the layout so "delete" is next to "selected: 2"**. This would make it clearer that it applies to the selected items. Right now it is next to "create report", an action that has nothing to do with the current selection (You might only need to do one out of this and the first suggestion).
3. **Continue to have the delete button grayed out when no records are selected**. This follows convention and conveys important information that the action is not possible at the time.
4. **Provide another path to delete a single item**. This could be a delete button on every row, as Piotr Zięba suggested. Or, you could provide a delete option once you have opened an item for editing (which I assume is what happens when you click on the pencil icon). I would usually prefer the former option, but it may depend on the specifics of your situation. | I would go for removing Delete button from there and showing it only when multiple reports are selected. Especially, if "Create report" is the primary action.
Apart from deleting option in bulk edit, though, I would add a single Report delete icon next to all reports. It would both suggest that you're able to perform such action (which may give a hint that a multiple selection would work as well) and be just handy for single Report deleting. |
57,772 | I have no problem with singing "acapella" or when also playing guitar as long as my voice comes out purely acoustically.
However, when I try singing into a mic (as in a live or rehearsal setup) I found that I lose a lot of power and control over my voice. I can't quite explain why that is so I would like to know if this is a common issue some beginner singers run into.
How can I sing seamlessly with and without a mic in front of me? | 2017/05/24 | [
"https://music.stackexchange.com/questions/57772",
"https://music.stackexchange.com",
"https://music.stackexchange.com/users/30493/"
] | I'm a sound guy. And I make it a point to educate singers about the acoustics of your projected voice.
It is pretty simple: Think of it as like a bubble that you are blowing out of your mouth. It starts at your lips then expands until it reaches a certain distance where it comes back together.
You want the microphone to be on the edge of that bubble.
You sing acapella already, so you need to just practice with the mic until it is just a part of you. Like the stage itself. When you are up front you ain't singing in the shower anymore.
Back to mics: Don't sing straight into it up close or it doesn't sound good. If it must be against your chin, point it up. Then as you move it away, follow the contour of the bubble. With just a little practice you will find the sweet spot. It really is shaped like an enlongated bubble.
Project all you want, and move the mic out away until you find the right distance to point it straight at you. you will have stage speakers (monitors) so you can hear the other instruments and yourself. Practice with them.
If you are using mic stands for the performance, then testing this in rehearsal is very valuable in determining how close to the mic you should be.
The guys at the controls can control a LOT about how you sound.
But they cannot remove distortion. That's up to you.
btw, learn to love your voice. Nurture it. It is a gift to be able to sing. Enjoy it and make it the best it can be.
Maybe go to Youtube and find some live performances (Idol is great) and watch how people do it.
have fun! | Yes, very common.
It has helped me to make sure my mouth is several inches away from the microphone, then imagine myself singing through it. I use the same breathing techniques I do when singing without it. Then, I project out past the microphone as if it weren't there.
Sometimes people are afraid they will be too loud. Sometimes I've found it surprising to hear my own voice coming through speakers or echoing in a large space. The fact is that there is someone at a sound board adjusting volume on monitors and other speakers. They control how loud you sound. There's nothing you can do about that. If you try to sing more softly, you weaken the signal and ruin the quality of your voice. The best thing you can do is give them a clear signal to work with. The best way to do that is to sing with a full voice and use the expressiveness you would if the mic was not there. |
156,216 | Due to the nature of my work (Software Printing Solutions) I tend to work with Microsoft based servers to host printer queues and settings. I am finding it more and more common as we gain new contracts for some systems to be running Linux based systems (always a different variant of Linux) The question is what is a simple distrubution which I can test creating print queues on and how would i share them out so both Windows and Linux based machines could connect to them?
It would be helpfull to know both the command line based commands aswell as how to do it through a GUI if one is available.
As always your answers are always appreciated. | 2010/06/30 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/156216",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/46449/"
] | The [Ubuntu](http://www.ubuntu.com/server) server distribution is a good, simple platform for testing your printing and learning about how it works. Ubuntu uses Common Unix Printing System (CUPS, now maintained by Apple) and SAMBA which you can use for print queue management and sharing across mixed environments. These are both common on many Linux based distributions and there is a lot of good documentation and community support. | Bear in mind that CUPS and Samba can be configured in any linux distro.
Also, there are some hardware incompatibilities between printer/printer drivers and linux in general |
29,255,827 | We have multiple buckets that are used by our clients. A client uploads a single file (random filename) to their bucket, and we then visit that bucket and copy it to our own bucket for processing. Basically, this: <https://stackoverflow.com/a/10418427/2868238>
How could I automate this? I note lambda has s3 object event support so wonder if I can use this somehow?
Paul. | 2015/03/25 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/29255827",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/2868238/"
] | This use case is almost the textbook example for AWS Lambda. If you look at [the AWS Lambda image resize example](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/lambda/latest/dg/walkthrough-s3-events-adminuser-create-test-function-create-function.html), all you need to do is remove code that tests for the image type and actually does the resize- it's designed to download, transform, then upload the object to a new S3 bucket.
Also, you may be able to do this even more easily (and cheaply) with [S3 cross-region replication](https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/aws/new-cross-region-replication-for-amazon-s3/), but that *requires* the buckets be in different regions (thanks @William-Gaul).
So, it depends on your precise use case. | This should help you out , it is written in detail on how to do replication between two buckets based on events.
<http://docs.aws.amazon.com/lambda/latest/dg/with-s3-example-prepare.html> |
10 | I have read numerous times that some Norse warriors, upon death, would go in Fólkvangr, while some others would go to Valhalla. How was it decided which warrior would go to which place? Why did the need to have many "paradises" (whatever you many call it) exist?
Citing [Wikipedia](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B3lkvangr):
>
> In Norse mythology, Fólkvangr (Old Norse "field of the host" or "people-field" or "army-field") is a meadow or field ruled over by the goddess Freyja where half of those that die in combat go upon death, while the other half go to the god Odin in Valhalla.
>
>
> | 2015/04/28 | [
"https://mythology.stackexchange.com/questions/10",
"https://mythology.stackexchange.com",
"https://mythology.stackexchange.com/users/29/"
] | Leaving aside speculation about relative status, start with the fact that there's a lot we don't know about Norse mythology, and there's no [central canon](https://www.academia.edu/20384683/Pantheon_What_Pantheon) that makes everything match up. So, the correct answer would be that we seem to be dealing with attempts to harmonize a number of beliefs about what happens in the afterlife.
Also, there is really no reason why everyone should have the same fate. Even Christianity has a number of options, although only one paradise.
If I was going to speculate on why Odin and Freyja share fallen warriors between them, I would go back to the [Aesir - Vanir war](http://norse-mythology.org/tales/the-aesir-vanir-war/), and suggest that since it ended in a draw, one deity from each side gets half the dead. But that's just a suggestion. | I am a member of a practicing and well-established Coven. Though we are eclectic and welcome many paths, our head crone follows the Asatru (Nordic Heathenism) path and has studied it for many years. There's a subtle distinction I'd like to make that my coven was discussing not too long ago, which is that there's nothing suggesting that Valhöll gets the elite soldiers. If anything, it is the other way around.
Those who were not slain in battle went to Hel to rest- that much is true. Those that died in battle continued on to Valhöll or Fólkvangr- that much is also true. However, the soldiers were split evenly. This is the accepted belief. Also, Freya was given first pick of the dead for Fólkvangr, leaving Odin whomever she did not want for Valhöll.
We're a far-stretch from the original worshipers and they left us only so much evidence of their faith, so it's hard to tell what Freya's criteria may be (a heart of valor vs many men slain in combat for example), but I hope that this helps answer the question. |
10 | I have read numerous times that some Norse warriors, upon death, would go in Fólkvangr, while some others would go to Valhalla. How was it decided which warrior would go to which place? Why did the need to have many "paradises" (whatever you many call it) exist?
Citing [Wikipedia](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B3lkvangr):
>
> In Norse mythology, Fólkvangr (Old Norse "field of the host" or "people-field" or "army-field") is a meadow or field ruled over by the goddess Freyja where half of those that die in combat go upon death, while the other half go to the god Odin in Valhalla.
>
>
> | 2015/04/28 | [
"https://mythology.stackexchange.com/questions/10",
"https://mythology.stackexchange.com",
"https://mythology.stackexchange.com/users/29/"
] | The Norse mythological texts record three primary places where the dead were perceived to go: **Helheim** (Old Norse Helheimr, “the home of the goddess Hel“), **Valhalla** (Old Norse Valhöll, “the hall of the fallen”), and **Folkvang** (Old Norse Fólkvangr, “the field of the people” or “the field of warriors”).
But they're indistinguishable and don't have any major differences between them.
Valhalla is presided over by Odin, and to gain entrance to it, one must be chosen by him and his valkyries, the “choosers of the fallen.”
Similarily, entrance to Folkvang is dependent upon being selected by Freya.
>
> Valhalla is often depicted as a realm where distinguished warriors engage in a continuous battle, and just such a place is described, in important early sources, as being located beneath the ground – and, intriguingly, without the name “Valhalla” or a cognate anywhere in the account.
>
>
> source: Ellis, Hilda Roderick. 1968. The Road to Hel: A Study of the Conception of the Dead in Old Norse Literature. p. 85-86.
>
>
>
>
> 14. Folkvang is the ninth, and there Freyia arranges
>
> the choice of seats in the hall;
>
> half the slain she chooses every day,
>
> and half Odin owns.
>
>
> source: 1996 Carolyne Larrington in The Poetic Edda “Grimnir’s Sayings”
>
>
>
The only difference that is pointed out, is in the way that the dead are chosen to stay. Odin chooses for Valhalla, while Freya chooses for Folkvang.
Coming to the second part of the question:
>
> And why did the need to have many "paradises" (whatever you many call it) exist?
>
>
>
Hel is a place where all humans have to go after their death:
>
> “For there is a time
>
> when every man
> shall journey hence to Hel."
>
> Fáfnismál 10
>
>
>
So before the dead finally reach Hel, Odin and Freyja select the ones who are worthy of living in Valhalla and Folkvang.
Therefore,
* Valhalla receives distinguished warriors.
* Folkvangr receives the rest of the warriors.
* Hel receives the rest of the dead.
---
source: [Norse-Mythology.org](http://norse-mythology.org/concepts/death-and-the-afterlife/) | The two are pretty much the same. However leaders of the warriors would go to Valhalla while the regular soldiers/vikings would go to Fólkvangr.
Fólkvangr means field of the host. Host refers to a large sum of people.
Valhalla mean "Hall of the slain". Usually only someone of importance would be slain, a regular man would be killed. |
10 | I have read numerous times that some Norse warriors, upon death, would go in Fólkvangr, while some others would go to Valhalla. How was it decided which warrior would go to which place? Why did the need to have many "paradises" (whatever you many call it) exist?
Citing [Wikipedia](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B3lkvangr):
>
> In Norse mythology, Fólkvangr (Old Norse "field of the host" or "people-field" or "army-field") is a meadow or field ruled over by the goddess Freyja where half of those that die in combat go upon death, while the other half go to the god Odin in Valhalla.
>
>
> | 2015/04/28 | [
"https://mythology.stackexchange.com/questions/10",
"https://mythology.stackexchange.com",
"https://mythology.stackexchange.com/users/29/"
] | I am a member of a practicing and well-established Coven. Though we are eclectic and welcome many paths, our head crone follows the Asatru (Nordic Heathenism) path and has studied it for many years. There's a subtle distinction I'd like to make that my coven was discussing not too long ago, which is that there's nothing suggesting that Valhöll gets the elite soldiers. If anything, it is the other way around.
Those who were not slain in battle went to Hel to rest- that much is true. Those that died in battle continued on to Valhöll or Fólkvangr- that much is also true. However, the soldiers were split evenly. This is the accepted belief. Also, Freya was given first pick of the dead for Fólkvangr, leaving Odin whomever she did not want for Valhöll.
We're a far-stretch from the original worshipers and they left us only so much evidence of their faith, so it's hard to tell what Freya's criteria may be (a heart of valor vs many men slain in combat for example), but I hope that this helps answer the question. | The two are pretty much the same. However leaders of the warriors would go to Valhalla while the regular soldiers/vikings would go to Fólkvangr.
Fólkvangr means field of the host. Host refers to a large sum of people.
Valhalla mean "Hall of the slain". Usually only someone of importance would be slain, a regular man would be killed. |
10 | I have read numerous times that some Norse warriors, upon death, would go in Fólkvangr, while some others would go to Valhalla. How was it decided which warrior would go to which place? Why did the need to have many "paradises" (whatever you many call it) exist?
Citing [Wikipedia](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B3lkvangr):
>
> In Norse mythology, Fólkvangr (Old Norse "field of the host" or "people-field" or "army-field") is a meadow or field ruled over by the goddess Freyja where half of those that die in combat go upon death, while the other half go to the god Odin in Valhalla.
>
>
> | 2015/04/28 | [
"https://mythology.stackexchange.com/questions/10",
"https://mythology.stackexchange.com",
"https://mythology.stackexchange.com/users/29/"
] | The Norse mythological texts record three primary places where the dead were perceived to go: **Helheim** (Old Norse Helheimr, “the home of the goddess Hel“), **Valhalla** (Old Norse Valhöll, “the hall of the fallen”), and **Folkvang** (Old Norse Fólkvangr, “the field of the people” or “the field of warriors”).
But they're indistinguishable and don't have any major differences between them.
Valhalla is presided over by Odin, and to gain entrance to it, one must be chosen by him and his valkyries, the “choosers of the fallen.”
Similarily, entrance to Folkvang is dependent upon being selected by Freya.
>
> Valhalla is often depicted as a realm where distinguished warriors engage in a continuous battle, and just such a place is described, in important early sources, as being located beneath the ground – and, intriguingly, without the name “Valhalla” or a cognate anywhere in the account.
>
>
> source: Ellis, Hilda Roderick. 1968. The Road to Hel: A Study of the Conception of the Dead in Old Norse Literature. p. 85-86.
>
>
>
>
> 14. Folkvang is the ninth, and there Freyia arranges
>
> the choice of seats in the hall;
>
> half the slain she chooses every day,
>
> and half Odin owns.
>
>
> source: 1996 Carolyne Larrington in The Poetic Edda “Grimnir’s Sayings”
>
>
>
The only difference that is pointed out, is in the way that the dead are chosen to stay. Odin chooses for Valhalla, while Freya chooses for Folkvang.
Coming to the second part of the question:
>
> And why did the need to have many "paradises" (whatever you many call it) exist?
>
>
>
Hel is a place where all humans have to go after their death:
>
> “For there is a time
>
> when every man
> shall journey hence to Hel."
>
> Fáfnismál 10
>
>
>
So before the dead finally reach Hel, Odin and Freyja select the ones who are worthy of living in Valhalla and Folkvang.
Therefore,
* Valhalla receives distinguished warriors.
* Folkvangr receives the rest of the warriors.
* Hel receives the rest of the dead.
---
source: [Norse-Mythology.org](http://norse-mythology.org/concepts/death-and-the-afterlife/) | Valhalla: home of the heros who did not yield, the valiant dead, Eitenjar the first into the fight when ragnarok begins. Folkvangr is where the other "half" goes. This might just be a way of saying there are two types of people in battle. Odin claims the ones who simply love battle for the sake of battle. Where Freyja takes the ones who are done fighting. This is shown in the fact that Freyja and those who go to Folkvangr do not participate in ragnarok but instead go to Alfheim. |
10 | I have read numerous times that some Norse warriors, upon death, would go in Fólkvangr, while some others would go to Valhalla. How was it decided which warrior would go to which place? Why did the need to have many "paradises" (whatever you many call it) exist?
Citing [Wikipedia](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B3lkvangr):
>
> In Norse mythology, Fólkvangr (Old Norse "field of the host" or "people-field" or "army-field") is a meadow or field ruled over by the goddess Freyja where half of those that die in combat go upon death, while the other half go to the god Odin in Valhalla.
>
>
> | 2015/04/28 | [
"https://mythology.stackexchange.com/questions/10",
"https://mythology.stackexchange.com",
"https://mythology.stackexchange.com/users/29/"
] | Leaving aside speculation about relative status, start with the fact that there's a lot we don't know about Norse mythology, and there's no [central canon](https://www.academia.edu/20384683/Pantheon_What_Pantheon) that makes everything match up. So, the correct answer would be that we seem to be dealing with attempts to harmonize a number of beliefs about what happens in the afterlife.
Also, there is really no reason why everyone should have the same fate. Even Christianity has a number of options, although only one paradise.
If I was going to speculate on why Odin and Freyja share fallen warriors between them, I would go back to the [Aesir - Vanir war](http://norse-mythology.org/tales/the-aesir-vanir-war/), and suggest that since it ended in a draw, one deity from each side gets half the dead. But that's just a suggestion. | Valhalla: home of the heros who did not yield, the valiant dead, Eitenjar the first into the fight when ragnarok begins. Folkvangr is where the other "half" goes. This might just be a way of saying there are two types of people in battle. Odin claims the ones who simply love battle for the sake of battle. Where Freyja takes the ones who are done fighting. This is shown in the fact that Freyja and those who go to Folkvangr do not participate in ragnarok but instead go to Alfheim. |
10 | I have read numerous times that some Norse warriors, upon death, would go in Fólkvangr, while some others would go to Valhalla. How was it decided which warrior would go to which place? Why did the need to have many "paradises" (whatever you many call it) exist?
Citing [Wikipedia](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B3lkvangr):
>
> In Norse mythology, Fólkvangr (Old Norse "field of the host" or "people-field" or "army-field") is a meadow or field ruled over by the goddess Freyja where half of those that die in combat go upon death, while the other half go to the god Odin in Valhalla.
>
>
> | 2015/04/28 | [
"https://mythology.stackexchange.com/questions/10",
"https://mythology.stackexchange.com",
"https://mythology.stackexchange.com/users/29/"
] | Leaving aside speculation about relative status, start with the fact that there's a lot we don't know about Norse mythology, and there's no [central canon](https://www.academia.edu/20384683/Pantheon_What_Pantheon) that makes everything match up. So, the correct answer would be that we seem to be dealing with attempts to harmonize a number of beliefs about what happens in the afterlife.
Also, there is really no reason why everyone should have the same fate. Even Christianity has a number of options, although only one paradise.
If I was going to speculate on why Odin and Freyja share fallen warriors between them, I would go back to the [Aesir - Vanir war](http://norse-mythology.org/tales/the-aesir-vanir-war/), and suggest that since it ended in a draw, one deity from each side gets half the dead. But that's just a suggestion. | The Halls of Vallhalla and Folkvangr are not halls of the dead eternal. They are merely training grounds and housing of those deemed worthy by the Vanir and Aesir to defend them at Ragnarok. Where Odin is destined to be swallowed whole by the wolf Fenris. The gods need an army and these places serve merely as a housing of that army. |
10 | I have read numerous times that some Norse warriors, upon death, would go in Fólkvangr, while some others would go to Valhalla. How was it decided which warrior would go to which place? Why did the need to have many "paradises" (whatever you many call it) exist?
Citing [Wikipedia](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B3lkvangr):
>
> In Norse mythology, Fólkvangr (Old Norse "field of the host" or "people-field" or "army-field") is a meadow or field ruled over by the goddess Freyja where half of those that die in combat go upon death, while the other half go to the god Odin in Valhalla.
>
>
> | 2015/04/28 | [
"https://mythology.stackexchange.com/questions/10",
"https://mythology.stackexchange.com",
"https://mythology.stackexchange.com/users/29/"
] | Leaving aside speculation about relative status, start with the fact that there's a lot we don't know about Norse mythology, and there's no [central canon](https://www.academia.edu/20384683/Pantheon_What_Pantheon) that makes everything match up. So, the correct answer would be that we seem to be dealing with attempts to harmonize a number of beliefs about what happens in the afterlife.
Also, there is really no reason why everyone should have the same fate. Even Christianity has a number of options, although only one paradise.
If I was going to speculate on why Odin and Freyja share fallen warriors between them, I would go back to the [Aesir - Vanir war](http://norse-mythology.org/tales/the-aesir-vanir-war/), and suggest that since it ended in a draw, one deity from each side gets half the dead. But that's just a suggestion. | The two are pretty much the same. However leaders of the warriors would go to Valhalla while the regular soldiers/vikings would go to Fólkvangr.
Fólkvangr means field of the host. Host refers to a large sum of people.
Valhalla mean "Hall of the slain". Usually only someone of importance would be slain, a regular man would be killed. |
10 | I have read numerous times that some Norse warriors, upon death, would go in Fólkvangr, while some others would go to Valhalla. How was it decided which warrior would go to which place? Why did the need to have many "paradises" (whatever you many call it) exist?
Citing [Wikipedia](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B3lkvangr):
>
> In Norse mythology, Fólkvangr (Old Norse "field of the host" or "people-field" or "army-field") is a meadow or field ruled over by the goddess Freyja where half of those that die in combat go upon death, while the other half go to the god Odin in Valhalla.
>
>
> | 2015/04/28 | [
"https://mythology.stackexchange.com/questions/10",
"https://mythology.stackexchange.com",
"https://mythology.stackexchange.com/users/29/"
] | The Halls of Vallhalla and Folkvangr are not halls of the dead eternal. They are merely training grounds and housing of those deemed worthy by the Vanir and Aesir to defend them at Ragnarok. Where Odin is destined to be swallowed whole by the wolf Fenris. The gods need an army and these places serve merely as a housing of that army. | The two are pretty much the same. However leaders of the warriors would go to Valhalla while the regular soldiers/vikings would go to Fólkvangr.
Fólkvangr means field of the host. Host refers to a large sum of people.
Valhalla mean "Hall of the slain". Usually only someone of importance would be slain, a regular man would be killed. |
10 | I have read numerous times that some Norse warriors, upon death, would go in Fólkvangr, while some others would go to Valhalla. How was it decided which warrior would go to which place? Why did the need to have many "paradises" (whatever you many call it) exist?
Citing [Wikipedia](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B3lkvangr):
>
> In Norse mythology, Fólkvangr (Old Norse "field of the host" or "people-field" or "army-field") is a meadow or field ruled over by the goddess Freyja where half of those that die in combat go upon death, while the other half go to the god Odin in Valhalla.
>
>
> | 2015/04/28 | [
"https://mythology.stackexchange.com/questions/10",
"https://mythology.stackexchange.com",
"https://mythology.stackexchange.com/users/29/"
] | The Norse mythological texts record three primary places where the dead were perceived to go: **Helheim** (Old Norse Helheimr, “the home of the goddess Hel“), **Valhalla** (Old Norse Valhöll, “the hall of the fallen”), and **Folkvang** (Old Norse Fólkvangr, “the field of the people” or “the field of warriors”).
But they're indistinguishable and don't have any major differences between them.
Valhalla is presided over by Odin, and to gain entrance to it, one must be chosen by him and his valkyries, the “choosers of the fallen.”
Similarily, entrance to Folkvang is dependent upon being selected by Freya.
>
> Valhalla is often depicted as a realm where distinguished warriors engage in a continuous battle, and just such a place is described, in important early sources, as being located beneath the ground – and, intriguingly, without the name “Valhalla” or a cognate anywhere in the account.
>
>
> source: Ellis, Hilda Roderick. 1968. The Road to Hel: A Study of the Conception of the Dead in Old Norse Literature. p. 85-86.
>
>
>
>
> 14. Folkvang is the ninth, and there Freyia arranges
>
> the choice of seats in the hall;
>
> half the slain she chooses every day,
>
> and half Odin owns.
>
>
> source: 1996 Carolyne Larrington in The Poetic Edda “Grimnir’s Sayings”
>
>
>
The only difference that is pointed out, is in the way that the dead are chosen to stay. Odin chooses for Valhalla, while Freya chooses for Folkvang.
Coming to the second part of the question:
>
> And why did the need to have many "paradises" (whatever you many call it) exist?
>
>
>
Hel is a place where all humans have to go after their death:
>
> “For there is a time
>
> when every man
> shall journey hence to Hel."
>
> Fáfnismál 10
>
>
>
So before the dead finally reach Hel, Odin and Freyja select the ones who are worthy of living in Valhalla and Folkvang.
Therefore,
* Valhalla receives distinguished warriors.
* Folkvangr receives the rest of the warriors.
* Hel receives the rest of the dead.
---
source: [Norse-Mythology.org](http://norse-mythology.org/concepts/death-and-the-afterlife/) | I am a member of a practicing and well-established Coven. Though we are eclectic and welcome many paths, our head crone follows the Asatru (Nordic Heathenism) path and has studied it for many years. There's a subtle distinction I'd like to make that my coven was discussing not too long ago, which is that there's nothing suggesting that Valhöll gets the elite soldiers. If anything, it is the other way around.
Those who were not slain in battle went to Hel to rest- that much is true. Those that died in battle continued on to Valhöll or Fólkvangr- that much is also true. However, the soldiers were split evenly. This is the accepted belief. Also, Freya was given first pick of the dead for Fólkvangr, leaving Odin whomever she did not want for Valhöll.
We're a far-stretch from the original worshipers and they left us only so much evidence of their faith, so it's hard to tell what Freya's criteria may be (a heart of valor vs many men slain in combat for example), but I hope that this helps answer the question. |
10 | I have read numerous times that some Norse warriors, upon death, would go in Fólkvangr, while some others would go to Valhalla. How was it decided which warrior would go to which place? Why did the need to have many "paradises" (whatever you many call it) exist?
Citing [Wikipedia](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B3lkvangr):
>
> In Norse mythology, Fólkvangr (Old Norse "field of the host" or "people-field" or "army-field") is a meadow or field ruled over by the goddess Freyja where half of those that die in combat go upon death, while the other half go to the god Odin in Valhalla.
>
>
> | 2015/04/28 | [
"https://mythology.stackexchange.com/questions/10",
"https://mythology.stackexchange.com",
"https://mythology.stackexchange.com/users/29/"
] | The poetic Eddas say that Freya chose half of the dead in battle and the other half went to Odin in Valhalla, the Valkyries take the slain only after Freya chooses her half. Odin gave this right to Freya as a sign of friendliness for the Vanir, to end the war between them and the aesir and get their friendship. Freya went on to live with the Aesir in Asgard with her brother Freyr, Fólkvangr is in Asgard rather than Vanaheim, Freya's home world.
"Eventually the two tribes of divinities became weary of fighting and decided to call a truce. As was customary among the ancient Norse and other Germanic peoples, the two sides agreed to pay tribute to each other by sending hostages to live among the other tribe. Freya, Freyr, and Njord of the Vanir went to the Aesir, and Hoenir (pronounced roughly “HIGH-neer”) and Mimir went to the Vanir."
<http://norse-mythology.org/tales/the-aesir-vanir-war/>
The 14 stance of the Grímnismál poem of the poetic Edda says:
14. Folkvang is the ninth,
there Freyja directs
the sittings in the hall.
She half the fallen chooses each day,
but Odin th’ other half.
"*1866 Benjamin Thorpe
in Edda Sæmundar Hinns Frôða
“The Lay of Grimnir”"*
<http://www.germanicmythology.com/PoeticEdda/GRM14.html>
So according to the historical resources it's Freya who chooses, and Odin gets the other half of the warriors slain in battle. | The Halls of Vallhalla and Folkvangr are not halls of the dead eternal. They are merely training grounds and housing of those deemed worthy by the Vanir and Aesir to defend them at Ragnarok. Where Odin is destined to be swallowed whole by the wolf Fenris. The gods need an army and these places serve merely as a housing of that army. |
21,650,934 | I would like to create a page in Joomla without showing it in a menu.
That would be easy when the URL could be from the root, e.g.
www.mysite.com/hiddenpage
I would just make a menu without module to show it and assign a menulink to that hidden menu.
However the url should be
www.mysite.com/parentpage/hiddenpage
So the page should be linked to another existing page as a childpage but without showing in the menu.
So far this seems not possible?
Am I overlooking a feature in Joomla which would allow me to simply deactivate visibility in the menu without preventing the page from being accessed from the internet?
Or perhaps is it possible to edit or override a core component to force Joomla to allow this behaviour?
UPDATE:
Too much thinking in one direction...
The solution to do this is to edit the menu-item > linktype > css give it class "hide" (integrated bootstrap class) to just block visibility in the menu... | 2014/02/08 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/21650934",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1432392/"
] | No this is not possible with Joomla.
There are several options for you to achieve the same result, I list them in order of ease.
1. Use joomla redirect component. Simply tell the user to surf to the url he wants, he will then find it in the administrator - components - redirect, where she can insert the non-sef url.
2. Tell them to use a different prefix: i.e. create a hidden menu where they will add the direct links;
Additionally, in order to remove the id from the url you can:
1. Install simplecustomrouter extension, it should do the job out of the box but some coding may be required on your part in order for it to work properly; extremely lightweight.
2. Go for a blasoned SEF extension such as sh440sef, this will add some overhead and may require a lot of work in configuration. | FOR JOOMLA 3.X:
While editing the childmenu just set (under "Linktype") "Display in menu" to "no"... it's simple like that!
Here's a reference to the joomla.docs site
<https://docs.joomla.org/images/6/6f/Help-3x-menus-menu-manager-new-menu-item-link-type-en.png>
if link is broken just search for "edit menu linktype joomla 3" in future.
I'm glad I can return the many saved searchtime to y'all stackpeople. Go on Community! |
21,650,934 | I would like to create a page in Joomla without showing it in a menu.
That would be easy when the URL could be from the root, e.g.
www.mysite.com/hiddenpage
I would just make a menu without module to show it and assign a menulink to that hidden menu.
However the url should be
www.mysite.com/parentpage/hiddenpage
So the page should be linked to another existing page as a childpage but without showing in the menu.
So far this seems not possible?
Am I overlooking a feature in Joomla which would allow me to simply deactivate visibility in the menu without preventing the page from being accessed from the internet?
Or perhaps is it possible to edit or override a core component to force Joomla to allow this behaviour?
UPDATE:
Too much thinking in one direction...
The solution to do this is to edit the menu-item > linktype > css give it class "hide" (integrated bootstrap class) to just block visibility in the menu... | 2014/02/08 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/21650934",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1432392/"
] | It's possible but a litle bit tricky. Try these steps :
1. Create a new two articles, name it as you wish (for example Article A and Article B )
2. Create a new menu group (from your administrator page go to : Menus > Menu Manager > Add new menu, name it as '**Hidden Menu**'
3. Create a new Single Article menu item (under the '**Hidden Menu**'), choose '**Article A**' as as the article source and type '**parentpage**' in the *Menu Title field*
4. Create a new Single Article menu item (under the '**Hidden Menu**'), choose '**Article B**' as the article source, choose '**parentpage**' menu as the parent item and type '**hiddenpage**' in the *Menu Title field*.
Now both of urls **www.mysite.com/parentpage** and **www.mysite.com/parentpage/hiddenpage** should be accessible now | FOR JOOMLA 3.X:
While editing the childmenu just set (under "Linktype") "Display in menu" to "no"... it's simple like that!
Here's a reference to the joomla.docs site
<https://docs.joomla.org/images/6/6f/Help-3x-menus-menu-manager-new-menu-item-link-type-en.png>
if link is broken just search for "edit menu linktype joomla 3" in future.
I'm glad I can return the many saved searchtime to y'all stackpeople. Go on Community! |
21,650,934 | I would like to create a page in Joomla without showing it in a menu.
That would be easy when the URL could be from the root, e.g.
www.mysite.com/hiddenpage
I would just make a menu without module to show it and assign a menulink to that hidden menu.
However the url should be
www.mysite.com/parentpage/hiddenpage
So the page should be linked to another existing page as a childpage but without showing in the menu.
So far this seems not possible?
Am I overlooking a feature in Joomla which would allow me to simply deactivate visibility in the menu without preventing the page from being accessed from the internet?
Or perhaps is it possible to edit or override a core component to force Joomla to allow this behaviour?
UPDATE:
Too much thinking in one direction...
The solution to do this is to edit the menu-item > linktype > css give it class "hide" (integrated bootstrap class) to just block visibility in the menu... | 2014/02/08 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/21650934",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1432392/"
] | As others have mentioned you can find extensions to modify URLs or hide the menu items using CSS, but these can require quite a bit of work especially if this is a one-off or once in a while situation.
However, there is one way to do this with Joomla as-is and will work with any type of menu items, not just articles. These instructions assume you already have a 'hidden' menu setup.
1. In a *hidden* menu, create menu items (or move them if they already exist) for **parentpage** and **hiddenpage**.
2. Set **parentpage** as the 'Parent Item' option in the **hiddenpage** menu item. Basically, create the page/subpage structure you'd like to see in the URL.
3. On your *visible* menu, create a 'Menu item Alias' (under 'System Links') menu item. Set the 'Menu item' option to the **parentpage** (listed under the *hidden* menu).
4. Enjoy. **Parentpage** is a visible menu item. **hiddenpage** is available at www.mysite.com/**parentpage**/**hiddenpage**
-Nick | FOR JOOMLA 3.X:
While editing the childmenu just set (under "Linktype") "Display in menu" to "no"... it's simple like that!
Here's a reference to the joomla.docs site
<https://docs.joomla.org/images/6/6f/Help-3x-menus-menu-manager-new-menu-item-link-type-en.png>
if link is broken just search for "edit menu linktype joomla 3" in future.
I'm glad I can return the many saved searchtime to y'all stackpeople. Go on Community! |
2,237 | In both books and documentaries I often see the Goldilocks Zone as described between Venus and Mars with the Earth "just right." This seems sort of ill thought out to me, because it assumes that Venus' atmosphere comes from its distance from the sun and the same with Mars. I'm not too familiar with current ideas about how Venus' atmosphere formed, but with Mars I'm fairly sure it's widely understood the reason the atmosphere is so small is because the gravity is so weak. Even some discussions about terra forming Mars mention that within a few million years, perhaps, the atmosphere would drift off into space.
So how can we be so certain that's the limits of the zones, especially with Mars? If Mars was as large as Earth/Venus and could hold on to a thicker atmosphere and thus retain more heat, then wouldn't that automatically push out the Goldilocks Zone? It seems like the edges have been places arbitrarily without consideration as to *why* they're the edges instead of "they just are." This comes up especially because even with its weak atmosphere, at the equator, it can reach up to 20 degrees which is well within the realm of liquid water. | 2014/04/22 | [
"https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/questions/2237",
"https://astronomy.stackexchange.com",
"https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/users/1768/"
] | The [circumstellar habitalbe zone](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circumstellar_habitable_zone) can be defined as the distance range around a star, where the mean temperature of a rotating planet would be between 0 and 100 centigrades, if radiation (heat) received from the star and thermal radiation emitted by the planet form an equilibrium.
But that's only a rule of thumb. It has been redefined, and is still [disputed](http://www.astro.umd.edu/~miller/teaching/astr380f09/lecture14.pdf).
Hence your criticism is justified to some degree.
There may exist exceptions of habitable planets outside the presumed habitable zone; and there exist certainy many planets within the habitable zone which aren't habitable.
But the probability for a planet similar to Earth to be habitable on its surface is thought to be highest in the habitable zone. When looking for habitable exoplanets, it's therefore more efficient to focus on the habitable zone. | We could err by being 'chauvinists' as Carl Sagan would have said, because we are reasoning taking in account the biology and chemistry of life of 1 planet only: a sample of 1...
Before 1995, we thought that alien solar systems would be similar to ours, with small rocky planets closer to the star and giant planets further out.
Almost nobody thought about circumbinary planets, planets with periods under one day, scorched jupiters ridiculously close to their stars, ultra compact systems with four or more planets crowded in few tenths of Astronomical Units, free-floating cloudy dwarfs with precipitation of melted iron and hot sand (brown dwarfs? planets? planemos?) and the list goes on and on.
Enceladus, that is quite small for planetary standards and that are far from the most optimistic and inclusive Goldilocks boundary has a subsurface ocean, of water. |
309,886 | Is the word "beginning" here a gerund or a present participle, and why?
On June 22, 1941, the armies of Nazi Germany crossed the Soviet border, beginning a war that would claim the lives of millions of soldiers and civilians alike. | 2016/02/26 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/309886",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/162412/"
] | It may help to untangle things if you separate the form of the word and its function. *Beginning* is a present participle, no matter how it's used. You can tell because it's the plain form of the verb (the part after *to* in the infinitive) with the suffix *-ing* appended. Participles have three functions in a sentence:
1. As part of the verb, forming a *progressive tense*:
>
> The Germans *were **beginning*** a war.
>
>
>
2. As part of a *noun phrase*
>
> ***Beginning*** the war was part of German strategy.
>
>
>
3. As a *modifier*
>
> The country ***beginning*** the war was Germany.
>
>
>
When the participle functions as a noun, we call it a *gerund*. Most often when the participle functions as a modifier, it does so like an adjective, i.e., modifying a noun. In example 2 above, *beginning* tells us who did the beginning. But the participle can also have adverbial uses, modifying the verb:
>
> 3a. Germany began the war, **sending** *panzers* across their border with Poland.
>
>
>
Here the participle tells us, at least in part, how the Germans began the war. When the participial phrase is introductory, it may be unclear what it's modifying:
>
> 3b. **Sending** *panzers* across their border with Poland, Germany
> began the war.
>
>
>
Here *sending* tells which Germans we're talking about *and* how they did what they did. This is called an *absolute* construction, implying that it is independent of the main clause. | The clause with "beginning" corresponds to "and thereby they began a war ...". If you want to shorten such a second clause you need a participle. You can replace "and thereby they were beginning a war..." by the shorter "beginning a war ..."
You have a gerund in a sentence like: Beginning a war with Russia lead to a disaster. Here you could think: "The beginning of a war with Russia ..." to get a feeling for the noun-character of the gerund. (The gerund has noun- and verb-character). |
309,886 | Is the word "beginning" here a gerund or a present participle, and why?
On June 22, 1941, the armies of Nazi Germany crossed the Soviet border, beginning a war that would claim the lives of millions of soldiers and civilians alike. | 2016/02/26 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/309886",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/162412/"
] | It may help to untangle things if you separate the form of the word and its function. *Beginning* is a present participle, no matter how it's used. You can tell because it's the plain form of the verb (the part after *to* in the infinitive) with the suffix *-ing* appended. Participles have three functions in a sentence:
1. As part of the verb, forming a *progressive tense*:
>
> The Germans *were **beginning*** a war.
>
>
>
2. As part of a *noun phrase*
>
> ***Beginning*** the war was part of German strategy.
>
>
>
3. As a *modifier*
>
> The country ***beginning*** the war was Germany.
>
>
>
When the participle functions as a noun, we call it a *gerund*. Most often when the participle functions as a modifier, it does so like an adjective, i.e., modifying a noun. In example 2 above, *beginning* tells us who did the beginning. But the participle can also have adverbial uses, modifying the verb:
>
> 3a. Germany began the war, **sending** *panzers* across their border with Poland.
>
>
>
Here the participle tells us, at least in part, how the Germans began the war. When the participial phrase is introductory, it may be unclear what it's modifying:
>
> 3b. **Sending** *panzers* across their border with Poland, Germany
> began the war.
>
>
>
Here *sending* tells which Germans we're talking about *and* how they did what they did. This is called an *absolute* construction, implying that it is independent of the main clause. | *The present participle is formed by adding -ing to the ... infinitive verb stem. ... It may act as a noun (gerund), adjective, nonfinite verb, or as an adverb with the use of a participle phrase.* [*The Chicago Manual of Style*]
All infinitives altered to form an *-ing* ending are present participles. It becomes a gerund if it's a noun.
Your example looks like a verb to me. [What do they do? Begin a war--*an action*]
You could force the noun by altering to *"the beginning of a war ... ."* |
5,271,590 | I have a classifieds website, and anybody may view the classifieds which people post.
People don't need to be a member or anything to view, or contact a poster.
The problem I have today is that people receive alot of scam-mail from others, who intend to scam them off their money etc...
The process of sending an email to a poster, is to click "Email Poster" and fill out the form.
The form then submits to a php page, which checks against a database that the same message hasn't been sent from the same IP within the last hour, just as a spam measure.
Also I do check so the same ip doesn't send messages on the same classified more than twice, regardless of text, within 10 minutes.
I have some other filters as well, but they don't help 100%.
They still manage to send out one email every hour, my god they are persistent.
Is there any other method to 100% prevent these scam mails? Or do I simply have to live with it?
Thanks | 2011/03/11 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/5271590",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/-1/"
] | * Add a captcha challenge to your form,
such as reCAPTCHA.
* You could ban the IP from sending any
emails together if they hit the
sending limit three times in a row.
* You could require the sender to click
a confirmation link that is sent to
their own email, before the recipient
receives their email.
Taking the comments into consideration, I'll add more ways to battle them.
* Require senders to connect with a
well know social site (eg. Facebook)
to authenticate themselves.
* Block entire countries from sending emails - some countries have a lot more scammers than others.
* Alternatively only allow people to
send email to recipients from the
same country. (ie. User posts
classified from USA, then only IPs
from USA can respond) | Have you considered using something like the [Akismet API](http://akismet.com/development/api/)? Obviously it depends on the kind of spam but that might help. |
5,271,590 | I have a classifieds website, and anybody may view the classifieds which people post.
People don't need to be a member or anything to view, or contact a poster.
The problem I have today is that people receive alot of scam-mail from others, who intend to scam them off their money etc...
The process of sending an email to a poster, is to click "Email Poster" and fill out the form.
The form then submits to a php page, which checks against a database that the same message hasn't been sent from the same IP within the last hour, just as a spam measure.
Also I do check so the same ip doesn't send messages on the same classified more than twice, regardless of text, within 10 minutes.
I have some other filters as well, but they don't help 100%.
They still manage to send out one email every hour, my god they are persistent.
Is there any other method to 100% prevent these scam mails? Or do I simply have to live with it?
Thanks | 2011/03/11 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/5271590",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/-1/"
] | * Add a captcha challenge to your form,
such as reCAPTCHA.
* You could ban the IP from sending any
emails together if they hit the
sending limit three times in a row.
* You could require the sender to click
a confirmation link that is sent to
their own email, before the recipient
receives their email.
Taking the comments into consideration, I'll add more ways to battle them.
* Require senders to connect with a
well know social site (eg. Facebook)
to authenticate themselves.
* Block entire countries from sending emails - some countries have a lot more scammers than others.
* Alternatively only allow people to
send email to recipients from the
same country. (ie. User posts
classified from USA, then only IPs
from USA can respond) | Are you using [CAPTCHAs](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAPTCHA) to prevent bots abusing your system? |
5,271,590 | I have a classifieds website, and anybody may view the classifieds which people post.
People don't need to be a member or anything to view, or contact a poster.
The problem I have today is that people receive alot of scam-mail from others, who intend to scam them off their money etc...
The process of sending an email to a poster, is to click "Email Poster" and fill out the form.
The form then submits to a php page, which checks against a database that the same message hasn't been sent from the same IP within the last hour, just as a spam measure.
Also I do check so the same ip doesn't send messages on the same classified more than twice, regardless of text, within 10 minutes.
I have some other filters as well, but they don't help 100%.
They still manage to send out one email every hour, my god they are persistent.
Is there any other method to 100% prevent these scam mails? Or do I simply have to live with it?
Thanks | 2011/03/11 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/5271590",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/-1/"
] | Are you using [CAPTCHAs](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAPTCHA) to prevent bots abusing your system? | Have you considered using something like the [Akismet API](http://akismet.com/development/api/)? Obviously it depends on the kind of spam but that might help. |
39,329 | I installed PySAL but i can't find the toolbox for ArcGIS. | 2012/11/05 | [
"https://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/39329",
"https://gis.stackexchange.com",
"https://gis.stackexchange.com/users/7644/"
] | pysal is a Python module, not an Esri product. You'll have to write your own pySal tools and place them in a toolbox. | You can find the **ArcGIS PySAL Tool** for **ArcGIS 10.1** available for download on this **[page](https://geodacenter.asu.edu/software)** where its functionality is described as:
>
> Spatial weights and regression PySAL tool for ArcGIS. Additional PySAL
> functionality will be integrated with ArcGIS 11.
>
>
> |
39,329 | I installed PySAL but i can't find the toolbox for ArcGIS. | 2012/11/05 | [
"https://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/39329",
"https://gis.stackexchange.com",
"https://gis.stackexchange.com/users/7644/"
] | pysal is a Python module, not an Esri product. You'll have to write your own pySal tools and place them in a toolbox. | The most current version of this project is on github:
<https://github.com/Esri/PySAL-ArcGIS-Toolbox>
We are in the process of updating the install documentation and creating a homepage for the project.
Regarding installation... for all ArcGIS Pro Users, SciPy is already in the build. Further, Conda is used as the Python Distro/Env for all Pro Versions 1.3 and beyond... so a simple 'conda install pysal' is the only command needed to get the cloned project to work. For info on using Conda in ArcGIS Pro see: <http://pro.arcgis.com/en/pro-app/arcpy/get-started/what-is-conda.htm>
Conda is not used in ArcGIS Desktop (Classic). For newer versions of Desktop (I think 10.4.1 and Beyond) SciPy is already in the install... so you just have to 'pip install pysal'. For older versions you must use the Table in the current instructions to identify the correct Python/NumPy Combo to link with SciPy. Again, see the doc and make sure you do not install the SciPy Stack which can override your NumPy version and break the ArcGIS DLLs (pyds).
Please check back with the github page in the coming weeks to see the updated installation instructions. Hope this helps :-) |
39,329 | I installed PySAL but i can't find the toolbox for ArcGIS. | 2012/11/05 | [
"https://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/39329",
"https://gis.stackexchange.com",
"https://gis.stackexchange.com/users/7644/"
] | The most current version of this project is on github:
<https://github.com/Esri/PySAL-ArcGIS-Toolbox>
We are in the process of updating the install documentation and creating a homepage for the project.
Regarding installation... for all ArcGIS Pro Users, SciPy is already in the build. Further, Conda is used as the Python Distro/Env for all Pro Versions 1.3 and beyond... so a simple 'conda install pysal' is the only command needed to get the cloned project to work. For info on using Conda in ArcGIS Pro see: <http://pro.arcgis.com/en/pro-app/arcpy/get-started/what-is-conda.htm>
Conda is not used in ArcGIS Desktop (Classic). For newer versions of Desktop (I think 10.4.1 and Beyond) SciPy is already in the install... so you just have to 'pip install pysal'. For older versions you must use the Table in the current instructions to identify the correct Python/NumPy Combo to link with SciPy. Again, see the doc and make sure you do not install the SciPy Stack which can override your NumPy version and break the ArcGIS DLLs (pyds).
Please check back with the github page in the coming weeks to see the updated installation instructions. Hope this helps :-) | You can find the **ArcGIS PySAL Tool** for **ArcGIS 10.1** available for download on this **[page](https://geodacenter.asu.edu/software)** where its functionality is described as:
>
> Spatial weights and regression PySAL tool for ArcGIS. Additional PySAL
> functionality will be integrated with ArcGIS 11.
>
>
> |
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