qid int64 1 74.7M | question stringlengths 12 33.8k | date stringlengths 10 10 | metadata list | response_j stringlengths 0 115k | response_k stringlengths 2 98.3k |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3,776,975 | When I started with Windsor I thought DI would be simple. Now it's causing me more and more confusion.
A repository strikes me as a class with a singleton lifecycle. I should have a single instance of a FooRepository to load and save Foos to the database during the application's lifetime.
However, each repository holds a reference to a UnitOfWork, which does the dirty checking, works with the database etc. The UnitOfWork has a lifecycle of PerWebRequest - it makes no sense at all for the UnitOfWork to be a singleton, as a singleton instance could (for example) flush the changes made by several user sessions at the same time.
So then I have a singleton FooRepository holding a reference to a UnitOfWork, which at the end of the session gets disposed! I'm not even sure what effect that would have on the repository's behaviour, but it doesn't sound good.
Can anyone explain, in simple English (okay, maybe with some code), the appropriate way to manage the lifecycle of Repository and UnitOfWork classes in a web app? | 2010/09/23 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3776975",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/164923/"
] | Rule of thumb is - component should not depend on other components that will outlive it.
In other words, it's ok for transient to depend on singleton, or per-web-request component, but not the other way around.
The way I approach Repository - UoW scenario is my UoW is per web request, but repositories are stateless and transient. | When you say repository, I assume you mean a repository which abstracts an Nhibernate session.
If so, then it should never ever be singleton. If it is a singleton, then multiple request threads will trample over one another's session. I personally have seen a few defects around this. Since Castle's default life cycle is singleton, if a developer forgets to explicitly mark a component's life cycle, bad things start happening.
It should ideally be per-request (following the unit of work concept). The only rider to this approach is that you have enable Asp.net compatibility mode in your application (if it's not Asp.net that is). The other way is to mark a repository transient. But the downside to this approach is that Castle will instantiate a new repository object every time a component needs it. |
70,758 | Following is a crop from a RAW shot, developed in Lightroom 5.7, into a setting sun from a Sony A77II – ISO 100, f/5, 1/20s, with a TTL fill flash.
In the darker regions near the sun a series of horizontal lighter lines can be seen. What causes these?
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/gVcdx.jpg)
[Here is the same image with contrast cranked up to make it easier to see the bands](https://i.imgur.com/sTd4gEr.jpg). Starting from an arbitrary band, I counted the number of pixels separating each successive band and got the following sequence: 18, 24, 12, 24, 12, 18, 24, 12, 18, 18, 24, ...
My guess is that it might be the sensor equivalent of lens flare, in which case the question would be: what is the physical characteristic of the sensor that is being illuminated? | 2015/11/08 | [
"https://photo.stackexchange.com/questions/70758",
"https://photo.stackexchange.com",
"https://photo.stackexchange.com/users/27832/"
] | Assuming you are in the United States, the photographer owns all rights to images they take unless they were done under a contract that assigns those rights to someone else or under a work-for-hire agreement. It doesn't sound like in this case there was any written agreement or that the person who took the photos was your employee with the specific job of taking photos for you at the time the images were created.
If you use any images without permission of the copyright holder you could be liable for damages if the owner of the images chooses to sue you. If the owner has registered the images with the U.S. copyright office you could also be liable for punitive damages. | They took the pictures and without any kind of assignment or agreement otherwise they own the copyright - that is the right to say who may and may not reproduce those images.
In this situation, clearly they're a friend of yours to be giving you gifts so there should be no reason why you *wouldn't* at very least put on your site who took the images and a link back to their website/social media page if that's all they're asking - it's not like that will cost you anything... |
70,758 | Following is a crop from a RAW shot, developed in Lightroom 5.7, into a setting sun from a Sony A77II – ISO 100, f/5, 1/20s, with a TTL fill flash.
In the darker regions near the sun a series of horizontal lighter lines can be seen. What causes these?
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/gVcdx.jpg)
[Here is the same image with contrast cranked up to make it easier to see the bands](https://i.imgur.com/sTd4gEr.jpg). Starting from an arbitrary band, I counted the number of pixels separating each successive band and got the following sequence: 18, 24, 12, 24, 12, 18, 24, 12, 18, 18, 24, ...
My guess is that it might be the sensor equivalent of lens flare, in which case the question would be: what is the physical characteristic of the sensor that is being illuminated? | 2015/11/08 | [
"https://photo.stackexchange.com/questions/70758",
"https://photo.stackexchange.com",
"https://photo.stackexchange.com/users/27832/"
] | >
> She had given me verbal permission to use the photos for whatever I wanted, but now that we aren't close anymore, she has decided otherwise.
>
>
>
This comment makes the situation a bit more hairy legal-wise. The fact is that the copyright of a photograph always belongs to the photographer regardless of the photo's subject, apart from some edge cases that don't apply here (e.g. a photograph of another photograph or painting), unless the photographer explicitly agrees or has agreed otherwise.
What makes this tricky is that the photographer gave you permission to use the photographs as you see fit, but revoked it later. Owning the copyright doesn't let one retract usage permissions at will.
Whether she is legally allowed to revoke the permission depends on your jurisdiction, and if you were to go to court, the result would probably depend on the judge and how good the lawyers are in presenting the matter. Since there's no written contract, she could also deny ever giving you a do-what-you-want license.
That said, the legality of the matter is mostly irrelevant. Neither of you are unlikely to go to court over a trivial matter like this. What it comes down to is ethics and practicalities: Would it be ethically correct to use the photos against the photographer's wishes? Is it ethically correct for the photographer to revoke the permission she has already granted?
Since you seem to be unwilling to even mention the photographer's name on your web site (otherwise you wouldn't be asking the question), I'm assuming there's quite a lot of bad blood between the two of you. If you do use the photos against her will, regardless of whether it's legally or ethically allowed, how much would it make the situation worse?
In practice I would suggest not to escalate the situation any further and just either credit her on the web site as she wishes, get someone else take photos of the dogs, or spend a couple of dollars on stock photography. | They took the pictures and without any kind of assignment or agreement otherwise they own the copyright - that is the right to say who may and may not reproduce those images.
In this situation, clearly they're a friend of yours to be giving you gifts so there should be no reason why you *wouldn't* at very least put on your site who took the images and a link back to their website/social media page if that's all they're asking - it's not like that will cost you anything... |
70,758 | Following is a crop from a RAW shot, developed in Lightroom 5.7, into a setting sun from a Sony A77II – ISO 100, f/5, 1/20s, with a TTL fill flash.
In the darker regions near the sun a series of horizontal lighter lines can be seen. What causes these?
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/gVcdx.jpg)
[Here is the same image with contrast cranked up to make it easier to see the bands](https://i.imgur.com/sTd4gEr.jpg). Starting from an arbitrary band, I counted the number of pixels separating each successive band and got the following sequence: 18, 24, 12, 24, 12, 18, 24, 12, 18, 18, 24, ...
My guess is that it might be the sensor equivalent of lens flare, in which case the question would be: what is the physical characteristic of the sensor that is being illuminated? | 2015/11/08 | [
"https://photo.stackexchange.com/questions/70758",
"https://photo.stackexchange.com",
"https://photo.stackexchange.com/users/27832/"
] | >
> She had given me verbal permission to use the photos for whatever I wanted, but now that we aren't close anymore, she has decided otherwise.
>
>
>
This comment makes the situation a bit more hairy legal-wise. The fact is that the copyright of a photograph always belongs to the photographer regardless of the photo's subject, apart from some edge cases that don't apply here (e.g. a photograph of another photograph or painting), unless the photographer explicitly agrees or has agreed otherwise.
What makes this tricky is that the photographer gave you permission to use the photographs as you see fit, but revoked it later. Owning the copyright doesn't let one retract usage permissions at will.
Whether she is legally allowed to revoke the permission depends on your jurisdiction, and if you were to go to court, the result would probably depend on the judge and how good the lawyers are in presenting the matter. Since there's no written contract, she could also deny ever giving you a do-what-you-want license.
That said, the legality of the matter is mostly irrelevant. Neither of you are unlikely to go to court over a trivial matter like this. What it comes down to is ethics and practicalities: Would it be ethically correct to use the photos against the photographer's wishes? Is it ethically correct for the photographer to revoke the permission she has already granted?
Since you seem to be unwilling to even mention the photographer's name on your web site (otherwise you wouldn't be asking the question), I'm assuming there's quite a lot of bad blood between the two of you. If you do use the photos against her will, regardless of whether it's legally or ethically allowed, how much would it make the situation worse?
In practice I would suggest not to escalate the situation any further and just either credit her on the web site as she wishes, get someone else take photos of the dogs, or spend a couple of dollars on stock photography. | Assuming you are in the United States, the photographer owns all rights to images they take unless they were done under a contract that assigns those rights to someone else or under a work-for-hire agreement. It doesn't sound like in this case there was any written agreement or that the person who took the photos was your employee with the specific job of taking photos for you at the time the images were created.
If you use any images without permission of the copyright holder you could be liable for damages if the owner of the images chooses to sue you. If the owner has registered the images with the U.S. copyright office you could also be liable for punitive damages. |
40,644 | I have a Wacom Bamboo P&T CTH-661 and it works out of the box in Ubuntu 11.04. The problem is when I move the cursor over the edges of the screen, it 'jumps' a lot (it's very annoying and it gets very difficult to use the unity bar or the scrollbar)! Is there any way to define the correct area/boundaries?
I've tried setting the area in xsetwacom (bottom x, bottom y, top x, top y), but all it does is reduce the defined area (the problem does not go away...).
I've also tried MapToOutput, but without success.
Any thoughts? | 2011/05/06 | [
"https://askubuntu.com/questions/40644",
"https://askubuntu.com",
"https://askubuntu.com/users/16717/"
] | Last year the best source for me was <http://ubuntu.mirocommunity.org/> as the feeds could be easyly be set up in Rhythmbox or Banshee. Dont know if this will work again next week. | Possible location: [video.ubuntu.com](http://video.ubuntu.com/live/) It is dead at the moment but the UDS has not started yet.
For the KDE users Amarok has a script for the UDS on [launchpad](https://launchpad.net/amarok-uds) and [kde.org](http://kde-apps.org/content/show.php?content=124463)
Even though this is a kde app and the streams seems to be from last year it might be worth installing it just for this event if there is not a Banshee/Rhythmbox stream. Hopefully it gets updated for 2011. |
40,644 | I have a Wacom Bamboo P&T CTH-661 and it works out of the box in Ubuntu 11.04. The problem is when I move the cursor over the edges of the screen, it 'jumps' a lot (it's very annoying and it gets very difficult to use the unity bar or the scrollbar)! Is there any way to define the correct area/boundaries?
I've tried setting the area in xsetwacom (bottom x, bottom y, top x, top y), but all it does is reduce the defined area (the problem does not go away...).
I've also tried MapToOutput, but without success.
Any thoughts? | 2011/05/06 | [
"https://askubuntu.com/questions/40644",
"https://askubuntu.com",
"https://askubuntu.com/users/16717/"
] | **The Ubuntu Developer Summit** is the seminal Ubuntu event in which we define the focus and plans for our up-coming version of Ubuntu. The event pulls together Canonical engineers, community members, partners, ISVs, upstreams and more into an environment focused on discussion and planning.
**[Remote Participation](http://uds.ubuntu.com/participate/remote/)**
>
> We have always prided ourselves in
> making the Ubuntu Developer Summit
> accessible to those who cannot attend
> in person. *Live streams*, *chat
> channels*, *microblogging* and more
> all bring the UDS experience to
> everyone, no matter wherever they may
> be.
>
>
> | Last year the best source for me was <http://ubuntu.mirocommunity.org/> as the feeds could be easyly be set up in Rhythmbox or Banshee. Dont know if this will work again next week. |
40,644 | I have a Wacom Bamboo P&T CTH-661 and it works out of the box in Ubuntu 11.04. The problem is when I move the cursor over the edges of the screen, it 'jumps' a lot (it's very annoying and it gets very difficult to use the unity bar or the scrollbar)! Is there any way to define the correct area/boundaries?
I've tried setting the area in xsetwacom (bottom x, bottom y, top x, top y), but all it does is reduce the defined area (the problem does not go away...).
I've also tried MapToOutput, but without success.
Any thoughts? | 2011/05/06 | [
"https://askubuntu.com/questions/40644",
"https://askubuntu.com",
"https://askubuntu.com/users/16717/"
] | The videos are uploaded to [ubuntudevelopers.blip.tv](http://ubuntudevelopers.blip.tv) and the [Youtube Ubuntu Channel](http://www.youtube.com/user/ubuntudevelopers).
These are usually not in real time but the video team tries to get them up as fast as possible, sometimes as quick as the day after a session. The bulk of the videos will trickle in after UDS has started.
The [remote participation](http://uds.ubuntu.com/participate/remote/) page has a list of IRC channels for the event. These correspond to the rooms a session will be on [the schedule](http://summit.ubuntu.com/uds-o/). The topic for each IRC room will have an icecast stream of audio for the room. The IRC channel is displayed on the projector in the session as you can see behind this guy:
So you can listen over the icecast and type into IRC addressing the room and someone will respond to your comments by just talking and you'll hear it over the icecast. It works surprisingly well, I've had full conversations with people like this in a session before. | Last year the best source for me was <http://ubuntu.mirocommunity.org/> as the feeds could be easyly be set up in Rhythmbox or Banshee. Dont know if this will work again next week. |
40,644 | I have a Wacom Bamboo P&T CTH-661 and it works out of the box in Ubuntu 11.04. The problem is when I move the cursor over the edges of the screen, it 'jumps' a lot (it's very annoying and it gets very difficult to use the unity bar or the scrollbar)! Is there any way to define the correct area/boundaries?
I've tried setting the area in xsetwacom (bottom x, bottom y, top x, top y), but all it does is reduce the defined area (the problem does not go away...).
I've also tried MapToOutput, but without success.
Any thoughts? | 2011/05/06 | [
"https://askubuntu.com/questions/40644",
"https://askubuntu.com",
"https://askubuntu.com/users/16717/"
] | **The Ubuntu Developer Summit** is the seminal Ubuntu event in which we define the focus and plans for our up-coming version of Ubuntu. The event pulls together Canonical engineers, community members, partners, ISVs, upstreams and more into an environment focused on discussion and planning.
**[Remote Participation](http://uds.ubuntu.com/participate/remote/)**
>
> We have always prided ourselves in
> making the Ubuntu Developer Summit
> accessible to those who cannot attend
> in person. *Live streams*, *chat
> channels*, *microblogging* and more
> all bring the UDS experience to
> everyone, no matter wherever they may
> be.
>
>
> | Possible location: [video.ubuntu.com](http://video.ubuntu.com/live/) It is dead at the moment but the UDS has not started yet.
For the KDE users Amarok has a script for the UDS on [launchpad](https://launchpad.net/amarok-uds) and [kde.org](http://kde-apps.org/content/show.php?content=124463)
Even though this is a kde app and the streams seems to be from last year it might be worth installing it just for this event if there is not a Banshee/Rhythmbox stream. Hopefully it gets updated for 2011. |
40,644 | I have a Wacom Bamboo P&T CTH-661 and it works out of the box in Ubuntu 11.04. The problem is when I move the cursor over the edges of the screen, it 'jumps' a lot (it's very annoying and it gets very difficult to use the unity bar or the scrollbar)! Is there any way to define the correct area/boundaries?
I've tried setting the area in xsetwacom (bottom x, bottom y, top x, top y), but all it does is reduce the defined area (the problem does not go away...).
I've also tried MapToOutput, but without success.
Any thoughts? | 2011/05/06 | [
"https://askubuntu.com/questions/40644",
"https://askubuntu.com",
"https://askubuntu.com/users/16717/"
] | The videos are uploaded to [ubuntudevelopers.blip.tv](http://ubuntudevelopers.blip.tv) and the [Youtube Ubuntu Channel](http://www.youtube.com/user/ubuntudevelopers).
These are usually not in real time but the video team tries to get them up as fast as possible, sometimes as quick as the day after a session. The bulk of the videos will trickle in after UDS has started.
The [remote participation](http://uds.ubuntu.com/participate/remote/) page has a list of IRC channels for the event. These correspond to the rooms a session will be on [the schedule](http://summit.ubuntu.com/uds-o/). The topic for each IRC room will have an icecast stream of audio for the room. The IRC channel is displayed on the projector in the session as you can see behind this guy:
So you can listen over the icecast and type into IRC addressing the room and someone will respond to your comments by just talking and you'll hear it over the icecast. It works surprisingly well, I've had full conversations with people like this in a session before. | Possible location: [video.ubuntu.com](http://video.ubuntu.com/live/) It is dead at the moment but the UDS has not started yet.
For the KDE users Amarok has a script for the UDS on [launchpad](https://launchpad.net/amarok-uds) and [kde.org](http://kde-apps.org/content/show.php?content=124463)
Even though this is a kde app and the streams seems to be from last year it might be worth installing it just for this event if there is not a Banshee/Rhythmbox stream. Hopefully it gets updated for 2011. |
40,644 | I have a Wacom Bamboo P&T CTH-661 and it works out of the box in Ubuntu 11.04. The problem is when I move the cursor over the edges of the screen, it 'jumps' a lot (it's very annoying and it gets very difficult to use the unity bar or the scrollbar)! Is there any way to define the correct area/boundaries?
I've tried setting the area in xsetwacom (bottom x, bottom y, top x, top y), but all it does is reduce the defined area (the problem does not go away...).
I've also tried MapToOutput, but without success.
Any thoughts? | 2011/05/06 | [
"https://askubuntu.com/questions/40644",
"https://askubuntu.com",
"https://askubuntu.com/users/16717/"
] | The videos are uploaded to [ubuntudevelopers.blip.tv](http://ubuntudevelopers.blip.tv) and the [Youtube Ubuntu Channel](http://www.youtube.com/user/ubuntudevelopers).
These are usually not in real time but the video team tries to get them up as fast as possible, sometimes as quick as the day after a session. The bulk of the videos will trickle in after UDS has started.
The [remote participation](http://uds.ubuntu.com/participate/remote/) page has a list of IRC channels for the event. These correspond to the rooms a session will be on [the schedule](http://summit.ubuntu.com/uds-o/). The topic for each IRC room will have an icecast stream of audio for the room. The IRC channel is displayed on the projector in the session as you can see behind this guy:
So you can listen over the icecast and type into IRC addressing the room and someone will respond to your comments by just talking and you'll hear it over the icecast. It works surprisingly well, I've had full conversations with people like this in a session before. | **The Ubuntu Developer Summit** is the seminal Ubuntu event in which we define the focus and plans for our up-coming version of Ubuntu. The event pulls together Canonical engineers, community members, partners, ISVs, upstreams and more into an environment focused on discussion and planning.
**[Remote Participation](http://uds.ubuntu.com/participate/remote/)**
>
> We have always prided ourselves in
> making the Ubuntu Developer Summit
> accessible to those who cannot attend
> in person. *Live streams*, *chat
> channels*, *microblogging* and more
> all bring the UDS experience to
> everyone, no matter wherever they may
> be.
>
>
> |
50,978 | Nomophobia is the fear of being out of mobile phone contact.
Is there a name for the fear or phobia of being away from / not being able to reach the internet? | 2011/12/07 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/50978",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/127/"
] | There isn't a word for precisely this fear (yet), but if you want a fancy-sounding neologism, here is *fear of away from Internet* in transliterated Greek: *macriapodiadictuophobia*.
If you apply the same technique in Latin, the result would be *abinterretemetus*.
(In case you're wondering about good ole English, it turns out that it's much more ghastly: *awayfrominternetfear*.)
However, if you could use words that connote more of an addiction to the internet, then the answers to [this question](https://english.stackexchange.com/q/39296/10041) may suffice: *cybernaut*, *nethead*, and *netizen*. Most macriapodiadictuophobes *are* netheads, and vice versa. | Fear of the internet would be *interretephobia*, so perhaps fear of being away from it would be *abinterretephobia*. |
50,978 | Nomophobia is the fear of being out of mobile phone contact.
Is there a name for the fear or phobia of being away from / not being able to reach the internet? | 2011/12/07 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/50978",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/127/"
] | There isn't a word for precisely this fear (yet), but if you want a fancy-sounding neologism, here is *fear of away from Internet* in transliterated Greek: *macriapodiadictuophobia*.
If you apply the same technique in Latin, the result would be *abinterretemetus*.
(In case you're wondering about good ole English, it turns out that it's much more ghastly: *awayfrominternetfear*.)
However, if you could use words that connote more of an addiction to the internet, then the answers to [this question](https://english.stackexchange.com/q/39296/10041) may suffice: *cybernaut*, *nethead*, and *netizen*. Most macriapodiadictuophobes *are* netheads, and vice versa. | Well, the word is 'discomgoogolation.'
Check [Collins Dictionary](https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/discomgoogolation):
>
> Discomgoogolation: *a feeling of anxiety felt by someone who is unable to access the internet*
>
>
>
Note that the word is *informal.* |
209,775 | As a non-native English speaker, I am not sure what is the meaning of this pattern "**\_ baby \_**" as in "run baby run"? Another example: "USA continues to "drill baby drill" (referring to oil). What other verbs can I use for this pattern? | 2014/11/22 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/209775",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/32710/"
] | *Baby* here is, as Janus Bahs Jacquet says, a vocative naming the person addressed. *Baby* is ordinarily a term of endearment, but in this context it implies alliance or collegiality rather than affection. This slang use was hip in the 50s and 60s, but it is heard less now.
The repeated verb on the outside is cast in the imperative.
The whole is an eager or urgent exhortation to the person addressed as *baby* to perform the action of the verb: “Do it, {baby/man/girl/*NAME*/etc.}, do it!” | It is an intensifier. You can use it informally, though very flexibly. "Eat, baby, eat!" "Drink, baby, drink!" "Win, baby, win!" |
209,775 | As a non-native English speaker, I am not sure what is the meaning of this pattern "**\_ baby \_**" as in "run baby run"? Another example: "USA continues to "drill baby drill" (referring to oil). What other verbs can I use for this pattern? | 2014/11/22 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/209775",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/32710/"
] | "Baby" here is generally not referring to any particular person. In fact, it's hard to say that it refers to a person at all.
In the 60s culture "baby" was often used as more of an interjection, in some cases approximating "huh?" or "eh?" in meaning, in others perhaps used as you would "guy" or "pal" or "bloke", as in "Whadaya say, baby? Let's go get lunch." (A weak example, but I tried to pick something with minimal innuendo.)
In "Burn, baby, burn!" it's used as an intensifier, giving the rather bland "Burn, burn!" much more punch. Most other uses of the form "word, baby, word" are imitations of the original "Burn, baby, burn!"
Note that most of these uses **do not** overlap with the affectionate use of "baby" to refer to a child or to one's intimate friend -- that's a different case entirely.
[It is worth noting that, speaking as one who was not there in [Watts](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watts_Riots) at the time (and not a card-carrying member of the "counterculture") the phrase "Burn, baby, burn!" achieved notoriety not because it was (necessarily) shouted by everyone in Watts but because some reporters (supposedly) heard it (or perhaps read it in fliers being circulated) and reported it, and the headline "Burn, baby, burn!" then appeared on newspapers across the country. Had the phrase not received that incredible amount of national (and international) publicity at that pivotal moment in history it likely would have vanished without a whimper.
It's also worth noting that the situation that triggered the Watts riots was not substantially different from the ongoing situation in Ferguson, Missouri.] | It is an intensifier. You can use it informally, though very flexibly. "Eat, baby, eat!" "Drink, baby, drink!" "Win, baby, win!" |
68,639 | In the movie [*Casablanca*](http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0034583/) (my all-time fave), Rick (Humphrey Bogart) remarks to Captain Renault (the Prefect of Police) during one scene: "When it comes to women, you're a true democrat." I've always been puzzled as to what in the world that means. It seems that if I had been alive and politically active during the 1940s when the film was made, I would have understood it.
Here's the full exchange:
>
> Renault: Hello, Rick.
>
>
> Rick: Hello, Louis.
>
>
> Renault: How extravagant you are, throwing away women like that.
> Someday they may be scarce. I think now I shall pay a call on Yvonne.
> Maybe get her on the rebound.
>
>
> Rick: When it comes to women, you're a true democrat.
>
>
>
Any ideas? | 2017/02/14 | [
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/questions/68639",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/users/46878/"
] | I don't think it is about being "liberal" so much as having "democratic" beliefs. To say someone is democratic means they believe in equal representation. By calling Renault a "true democrat", Rick is saying that Renault is indiscriminate with his choice of women. All women are equal in his eyes, not politically but sexually. Renault doesn't have a type, he'll pursue any girl. When one jilts him, he moves on smoothly to another. It suggests his pursuit of all women is akin to a political ideology, which really means Renault doesn't have an ideology at all: he's just an opportunistic hedonist.
But I think that there's a little more going on. Rick is an American and is probably attached to democracy as an ideal. Meanwhile, decidedly undemocratic ideologies like Nazism and Fascism are warring with democratic nations to determine which philosophy will win out. By calling Renault a "true democrat" while living in the colony of an occupied "democratic" country, Rick may also be making a wry statement about what little power dissidents have. | Rick is an American [expatriate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expatriate). A Democrat (at least in America) is a member of the Democratic party, which is the liberal party in US politics.
Another definition for the word [*liberal*](https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/liberal) is "not bound by authoritarianism, orthodoxy, or traditional forms."
So, by calling him a "true Democrat" in regards to women, he's suggesting that Renault is a womanizer; someone who is "not bound by traditional forms." ie: he sleeps around a lot. This is prompted by Renault's earlier statement about paying a visit to Yvonne on the basis that "someday they [women] might be scarce." (To say the least, a flimsy excuse if ever there was one.) |
68,639 | In the movie [*Casablanca*](http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0034583/) (my all-time fave), Rick (Humphrey Bogart) remarks to Captain Renault (the Prefect of Police) during one scene: "When it comes to women, you're a true democrat." I've always been puzzled as to what in the world that means. It seems that if I had been alive and politically active during the 1940s when the film was made, I would have understood it.
Here's the full exchange:
>
> Renault: Hello, Rick.
>
>
> Rick: Hello, Louis.
>
>
> Renault: How extravagant you are, throwing away women like that.
> Someday they may be scarce. I think now I shall pay a call on Yvonne.
> Maybe get her on the rebound.
>
>
> Rick: When it comes to women, you're a true democrat.
>
>
>
Any ideas? | 2017/02/14 | [
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/questions/68639",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/users/46878/"
] | This has absolutely nothing to do with the American political party of that name. Here, *democrat* (and not *Democrat*) is used in its [regular meaning](http://www.dictionary.com/browse/democrat) (either 1, or more likely, 2 of the definitions below):
>
> 1. an advocate of democracy.
> 2. a person who believes in the political or social equality of all people.
> 3. (initial capital letter) Politics. a member of the Democratic Party. a member of the Democratic-Republican Party.
> 4. Also called democrat wagon. a high, lightweight, horse-drawn wagon, usually having two seats.
>
>
>
The movie Casablanca is set in 1941, in the Moroccan city of Casablanca. At the time, Casablanca was ["under the dual control of Nazi Germany and the Nazi-puppet government in Vichy, France, that the Germans had installed after occupying France in 1940"](http://historylessons.net/newspaper-columns/casablanca). The Prefect of Police, therefore, was the Prefect of Police of a fascist state, the very antithesis of a democracy. He was a member of the executive branch of a fascist government.
Therefore, the line you are asking about is making a point about precisely that. Although, despite his personal political positions, Captain Renault is the arm of the Fascist government, when it comes to women, he is a true democrat: a person who believes in the political or social equality of all people. Or, more likely, one who believes in the "right" of any and all women to end up in his bed. | Rick is an American [expatriate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expatriate). A Democrat (at least in America) is a member of the Democratic party, which is the liberal party in US politics.
Another definition for the word [*liberal*](https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/liberal) is "not bound by authoritarianism, orthodoxy, or traditional forms."
So, by calling him a "true Democrat" in regards to women, he's suggesting that Renault is a womanizer; someone who is "not bound by traditional forms." ie: he sleeps around a lot. This is prompted by Renault's earlier statement about paying a visit to Yvonne on the basis that "someday they [women] might be scarce." (To say the least, a flimsy excuse if ever there was one.) |
68,639 | In the movie [*Casablanca*](http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0034583/) (my all-time fave), Rick (Humphrey Bogart) remarks to Captain Renault (the Prefect of Police) during one scene: "When it comes to women, you're a true democrat." I've always been puzzled as to what in the world that means. It seems that if I had been alive and politically active during the 1940s when the film was made, I would have understood it.
Here's the full exchange:
>
> Renault: Hello, Rick.
>
>
> Rick: Hello, Louis.
>
>
> Renault: How extravagant you are, throwing away women like that.
> Someday they may be scarce. I think now I shall pay a call on Yvonne.
> Maybe get her on the rebound.
>
>
> Rick: When it comes to women, you're a true democrat.
>
>
>
Any ideas? | 2017/02/14 | [
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/questions/68639",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/users/46878/"
] | Rick is an American [expatriate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expatriate). A Democrat (at least in America) is a member of the Democratic party, which is the liberal party in US politics.
Another definition for the word [*liberal*](https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/liberal) is "not bound by authoritarianism, orthodoxy, or traditional forms."
So, by calling him a "true Democrat" in regards to women, he's suggesting that Renault is a womanizer; someone who is "not bound by traditional forms." ie: he sleeps around a lot. This is prompted by Renault's earlier statement about paying a visit to Yvonne on the basis that "someday they [women] might be scarce." (To say the least, a flimsy excuse if ever there was one.) | I believe this account has nothing to do with sexual equality. It is clearly a slam against Renault acting in an unscrupulous way toward a vulnerable woman on the 'rebound'. Rick is a Republican evidently since he fights wars against socialists and fascists, now pointing in sarcastic tone to Renaults' weakness, i. e. Seeing another persons weakness and seeking self gratification easily in a woman unbalanced and easily dominated. Renault does this during the film, being told by his servant that a particular woman was needing help, waiting outside his office. He spruces up before the mirror. Obvious predator, using his power in office to 'trade' favors for an exit visa. It is this dictatorial power over a woman in weak position that Rick is predicating against. He fights for the little guy by nature, but in Casablanca he himself has been wounded and is off balance until his relationship is healed with Ilsa. |
68,639 | In the movie [*Casablanca*](http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0034583/) (my all-time fave), Rick (Humphrey Bogart) remarks to Captain Renault (the Prefect of Police) during one scene: "When it comes to women, you're a true democrat." I've always been puzzled as to what in the world that means. It seems that if I had been alive and politically active during the 1940s when the film was made, I would have understood it.
Here's the full exchange:
>
> Renault: Hello, Rick.
>
>
> Rick: Hello, Louis.
>
>
> Renault: How extravagant you are, throwing away women like that.
> Someday they may be scarce. I think now I shall pay a call on Yvonne.
> Maybe get her on the rebound.
>
>
> Rick: When it comes to women, you're a true democrat.
>
>
>
Any ideas? | 2017/02/14 | [
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/questions/68639",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/users/46878/"
] | I don't think it is about being "liberal" so much as having "democratic" beliefs. To say someone is democratic means they believe in equal representation. By calling Renault a "true democrat", Rick is saying that Renault is indiscriminate with his choice of women. All women are equal in his eyes, not politically but sexually. Renault doesn't have a type, he'll pursue any girl. When one jilts him, he moves on smoothly to another. It suggests his pursuit of all women is akin to a political ideology, which really means Renault doesn't have an ideology at all: he's just an opportunistic hedonist.
But I think that there's a little more going on. Rick is an American and is probably attached to democracy as an ideal. Meanwhile, decidedly undemocratic ideologies like Nazism and Fascism are warring with democratic nations to determine which philosophy will win out. By calling Renault a "true democrat" while living in the colony of an occupied "democratic" country, Rick may also be making a wry statement about what little power dissidents have. | This has absolutely nothing to do with the American political party of that name. Here, *democrat* (and not *Democrat*) is used in its [regular meaning](http://www.dictionary.com/browse/democrat) (either 1, or more likely, 2 of the definitions below):
>
> 1. an advocate of democracy.
> 2. a person who believes in the political or social equality of all people.
> 3. (initial capital letter) Politics. a member of the Democratic Party. a member of the Democratic-Republican Party.
> 4. Also called democrat wagon. a high, lightweight, horse-drawn wagon, usually having two seats.
>
>
>
The movie Casablanca is set in 1941, in the Moroccan city of Casablanca. At the time, Casablanca was ["under the dual control of Nazi Germany and the Nazi-puppet government in Vichy, France, that the Germans had installed after occupying France in 1940"](http://historylessons.net/newspaper-columns/casablanca). The Prefect of Police, therefore, was the Prefect of Police of a fascist state, the very antithesis of a democracy. He was a member of the executive branch of a fascist government.
Therefore, the line you are asking about is making a point about precisely that. Although, despite his personal political positions, Captain Renault is the arm of the Fascist government, when it comes to women, he is a true democrat: a person who believes in the political or social equality of all people. Or, more likely, one who believes in the "right" of any and all women to end up in his bed. |
68,639 | In the movie [*Casablanca*](http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0034583/) (my all-time fave), Rick (Humphrey Bogart) remarks to Captain Renault (the Prefect of Police) during one scene: "When it comes to women, you're a true democrat." I've always been puzzled as to what in the world that means. It seems that if I had been alive and politically active during the 1940s when the film was made, I would have understood it.
Here's the full exchange:
>
> Renault: Hello, Rick.
>
>
> Rick: Hello, Louis.
>
>
> Renault: How extravagant you are, throwing away women like that.
> Someday they may be scarce. I think now I shall pay a call on Yvonne.
> Maybe get her on the rebound.
>
>
> Rick: When it comes to women, you're a true democrat.
>
>
>
Any ideas? | 2017/02/14 | [
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/questions/68639",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/users/46878/"
] | I don't think it is about being "liberal" so much as having "democratic" beliefs. To say someone is democratic means they believe in equal representation. By calling Renault a "true democrat", Rick is saying that Renault is indiscriminate with his choice of women. All women are equal in his eyes, not politically but sexually. Renault doesn't have a type, he'll pursue any girl. When one jilts him, he moves on smoothly to another. It suggests his pursuit of all women is akin to a political ideology, which really means Renault doesn't have an ideology at all: he's just an opportunistic hedonist.
But I think that there's a little more going on. Rick is an American and is probably attached to democracy as an ideal. Meanwhile, decidedly undemocratic ideologies like Nazism and Fascism are warring with democratic nations to determine which philosophy will win out. By calling Renault a "true democrat" while living in the colony of an occupied "democratic" country, Rick may also be making a wry statement about what little power dissidents have. | I believe this account has nothing to do with sexual equality. It is clearly a slam against Renault acting in an unscrupulous way toward a vulnerable woman on the 'rebound'. Rick is a Republican evidently since he fights wars against socialists and fascists, now pointing in sarcastic tone to Renaults' weakness, i. e. Seeing another persons weakness and seeking self gratification easily in a woman unbalanced and easily dominated. Renault does this during the film, being told by his servant that a particular woman was needing help, waiting outside his office. He spruces up before the mirror. Obvious predator, using his power in office to 'trade' favors for an exit visa. It is this dictatorial power over a woman in weak position that Rick is predicating against. He fights for the little guy by nature, but in Casablanca he himself has been wounded and is off balance until his relationship is healed with Ilsa. |
68,639 | In the movie [*Casablanca*](http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0034583/) (my all-time fave), Rick (Humphrey Bogart) remarks to Captain Renault (the Prefect of Police) during one scene: "When it comes to women, you're a true democrat." I've always been puzzled as to what in the world that means. It seems that if I had been alive and politically active during the 1940s when the film was made, I would have understood it.
Here's the full exchange:
>
> Renault: Hello, Rick.
>
>
> Rick: Hello, Louis.
>
>
> Renault: How extravagant you are, throwing away women like that.
> Someday they may be scarce. I think now I shall pay a call on Yvonne.
> Maybe get her on the rebound.
>
>
> Rick: When it comes to women, you're a true democrat.
>
>
>
Any ideas? | 2017/02/14 | [
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/questions/68639",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/users/46878/"
] | This has absolutely nothing to do with the American political party of that name. Here, *democrat* (and not *Democrat*) is used in its [regular meaning](http://www.dictionary.com/browse/democrat) (either 1, or more likely, 2 of the definitions below):
>
> 1. an advocate of democracy.
> 2. a person who believes in the political or social equality of all people.
> 3. (initial capital letter) Politics. a member of the Democratic Party. a member of the Democratic-Republican Party.
> 4. Also called democrat wagon. a high, lightweight, horse-drawn wagon, usually having two seats.
>
>
>
The movie Casablanca is set in 1941, in the Moroccan city of Casablanca. At the time, Casablanca was ["under the dual control of Nazi Germany and the Nazi-puppet government in Vichy, France, that the Germans had installed after occupying France in 1940"](http://historylessons.net/newspaper-columns/casablanca). The Prefect of Police, therefore, was the Prefect of Police of a fascist state, the very antithesis of a democracy. He was a member of the executive branch of a fascist government.
Therefore, the line you are asking about is making a point about precisely that. Although, despite his personal political positions, Captain Renault is the arm of the Fascist government, when it comes to women, he is a true democrat: a person who believes in the political or social equality of all people. Or, more likely, one who believes in the "right" of any and all women to end up in his bed. | I believe this account has nothing to do with sexual equality. It is clearly a slam against Renault acting in an unscrupulous way toward a vulnerable woman on the 'rebound'. Rick is a Republican evidently since he fights wars against socialists and fascists, now pointing in sarcastic tone to Renaults' weakness, i. e. Seeing another persons weakness and seeking self gratification easily in a woman unbalanced and easily dominated. Renault does this during the film, being told by his servant that a particular woman was needing help, waiting outside his office. He spruces up before the mirror. Obvious predator, using his power in office to 'trade' favors for an exit visa. It is this dictatorial power over a woman in weak position that Rick is predicating against. He fights for the little guy by nature, but in Casablanca he himself has been wounded and is off balance until his relationship is healed with Ilsa. |
86,746 | Isn't it obvious that from nothing (in the philosophical sense, i.e. absolute *nonexistence*) comes nothing? Isn't it also clear that **physics has absolutely no saying on this dictum**, as physics only deals with *our* spacetime, the latter simply being one possible instantiation of something ?
If there is no explicit proof, through formal logic or otherwise, that *ex nihilo nihil fit*, can't we accept this principle as a basic law of thought or axiom about reality? | 2021/11/05 | [
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/questions/86746",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/users/22343/"
] | My thoughts on nothingness:
1. As Max Tegmark noted, mathematical object always exist, it is impossible to "remove" them from reality. If you imagine completely "empty" reality, integer numbers still exist, and 1+1 in such empty reality is still 2.
2. Any projection of integer numbers (mathematical function projecting integers into some mathematical object) is equally existent, as any other projection of integer numbers. There is no default "view" on integers, all mathematical objects resulting from projections of integer numbers are equally existent as integer numbers itself.
3. One such projection of integer numbers, one such mathematical object, is our universe (and other projections represent infinite number of other mathematical objects, which all exist in same sense, as our universe exists). All these mathematical objects are various views on integer numbers.
4. I don't think anyone (so far) had any idea why integer numbers (and derived Boolean logic) exist in the first place, why it is so deeply rooted into reality, and why is possibility of non-existence of integer numbers (complete emptiness) inconsistent with reality. | >
> Why isn't the dictum "something can't come from nothing" a matter of consensus?
>
>
>
Nothing can possibly come from nothing... But not for any metaphysical reason. It is only a matter of logic and of the semantics of the words involved in the expression.
So, it is trivially true that a thing cannot come from nothing. This apparently is not enough to stop people using the sentence "*something cannot come from nothing*" as if it had some metaphysical import. It doesn't. Something cannot come from nothing and yet, it is at least logically possibly that something does not *come from anything*. Indeed, reality itself could not possibly come from something else, since there is by definition nothing else outside reality, and therefore nothing reality could come from.
So, reality does not come from nothing and it does not come from anything. |
86,746 | Isn't it obvious that from nothing (in the philosophical sense, i.e. absolute *nonexistence*) comes nothing? Isn't it also clear that **physics has absolutely no saying on this dictum**, as physics only deals with *our* spacetime, the latter simply being one possible instantiation of something ?
If there is no explicit proof, through formal logic or otherwise, that *ex nihilo nihil fit*, can't we accept this principle as a basic law of thought or axiom about reality? | 2021/11/05 | [
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/questions/86746",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/users/22343/"
] | Because "something can't come from nothing" leads to infinite regress/explanatory failure when you ask the question, "Where did things come from?"
1. We will assume that "something" exists now and define "nothing" to be the negation of "something".
2. If something exists, it either came from something or came from nothing (law of the excluded middle).
3. If it came from something, then that something either came from something or came from nothing.
4. ...now it's [turtles all the way down](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turtles_all_the_way_down#Turtle_world,_infinite_regress_and_explanatory_failure) and you haven't explained how *anything* came to be.
From Wikipedia:
>
> On one interpretation, the goal of positing the existence of a world turtle is to explain why the earth seems to be at rest instead of falling down: because it rests on the back of a giant turtle. In order to explain why the turtle itself is not in free fall, another even bigger turtle is posited and so on, resulting in a world that is turtles all the way down. Despite its shortcomings in clashing with modern physics and due to its ontological extravagance, this theory seems to be metaphysically possible assuming that space is infinite, thereby avoiding an outright contradiction. But it fails because it has to assume rather than explain at each step that there is another thing that is not falling. It does not explain why nothing at all is falling.
>
>
>
People sometimes try to stop at step 4 by positing a "hand of god" argument, but then we have the question, "Where did god come from, anyway?" It's just more turtles.
Please note that this doesn't prove that something *can* come from nothing. Just that we don't have the tools to answer the question. | >
> Why isn't the dictum "something can't come from nothing" a matter of consensus?
>
>
>
Nothing can possibly come from nothing... But not for any metaphysical reason. It is only a matter of logic and of the semantics of the words involved in the expression.
So, it is trivially true that a thing cannot come from nothing. This apparently is not enough to stop people using the sentence "*something cannot come from nothing*" as if it had some metaphysical import. It doesn't. Something cannot come from nothing and yet, it is at least logically possibly that something does not *come from anything*. Indeed, reality itself could not possibly come from something else, since there is by definition nothing else outside reality, and therefore nothing reality could come from.
So, reality does not come from nothing and it does not come from anything. |
86,746 | Isn't it obvious that from nothing (in the philosophical sense, i.e. absolute *nonexistence*) comes nothing? Isn't it also clear that **physics has absolutely no saying on this dictum**, as physics only deals with *our* spacetime, the latter simply being one possible instantiation of something ?
If there is no explicit proof, through formal logic or otherwise, that *ex nihilo nihil fit*, can't we accept this principle as a basic law of thought or axiom about reality? | 2021/11/05 | [
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/questions/86746",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/users/22343/"
] | I disagree with your assertion that physics has nothing to say about this.
There was a time when "nothing" was thought of as a box with no contents. Then it was discovered that it contained air, and air had certain properties- so the box full of nothing actually contained "something".
"Nothing" was redefined to be a box containing no material objects and no gases. Then it was discovered that it contained radiation, which behaved somewhat like a dilute gas, and the properties of that radiation could be measured.
Then "nothing" was redefined to mean a box containing a vacuum and no radiation- but on very small distance scales and very short time scales, it was found to contain particles and antiparticles in a continuous process of creation and annihilation- and if those processes were not taken into account, the predictions of mathematical physics would yield wrong answers.
Physics was extended to yield the right answers by incorporating the effects of those *virtual particles*, and the responsible people got Nobel prizes for their efforts. Now we are faced with the reality that in addition to virtual particles, empty space contains matter that does not interact with light and hence cannot be seen with telescopes, but is manifest in other more subtle (but still measurable) ways.
And that is not the end of the story. The measurable behavior of our universe also indicates the presence of energy in "empty" space which affects its cosmological evolution- in measurable ways.
What this means is that over the last 120 years, the very definition of empty space or "nothing" has been revised several times to properly account for things in it we can't see with our eyes but which are there nonetheless.
Philosophers are free of course to define nothingness in any way they see fit, since those definitions are unconstrained by the way the physical world actually works and untestable by observation or measurement. But the assertion that physics has nothing to say about *nothing* is wrong. | Simply put, because in philosophy anything can be called into question no matter how much it may seem like you're denying the obvious, and nothing deters entire intellectual frameworks from being built upon assertions that most people would recognize as absurd. Humans aren't perfectly rational all the time, so there's literally nothing ensuring us to follow even the most basic truths and nothing even deterring errors from becoming normalized.
I say this as someone who upholds that "nothing comes from nothing" is indeed a metaphysical truth, but notice that someone who argues for the contrary could very well use what I said to justify his position *despite* being so contrary to common sense.
Moreover, it is a metaphysical claim. It can't be empirically verified, only rationally, and it's way easier to deny that which can only be seen with the eyes of reason than that which can be seen with physical eyes. That makes empirical investigation way more straightforward than rational investigation. For starters, the most effective tools to best observe phenomena are already settled before you can begin your research. The metaphysician has no such luxury - he must first determine which metaphysical framework out of virtually infinite ones best describes reality before he can even begin reasonably applying it to specific matters.
"Science" ends up seeming so much better grounded than "philosophy" that it's understandable why the temptation always exists to try solving metaphysical problems by appealing to the considerations of natural science or even to naively propose that all philosophical problems are reducible to scientific problems. A question which can be solved by mere observation is much easier to settle than one which can only be determined rationally, so wouldn't that be convenient? Of course, that doesn't make the "scientificist" approach any more true, but the appeal is precisely why physicists like Krauss use it (even if only to fail). And in light of all that I have said it should come as no wonder that those who find him convincing are bound to take a while to catch up to his philosophical errors. |
86,746 | Isn't it obvious that from nothing (in the philosophical sense, i.e. absolute *nonexistence*) comes nothing? Isn't it also clear that **physics has absolutely no saying on this dictum**, as physics only deals with *our* spacetime, the latter simply being one possible instantiation of something ?
If there is no explicit proof, through formal logic or otherwise, that *ex nihilo nihil fit*, can't we accept this principle as a basic law of thought or axiom about reality? | 2021/11/05 | [
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/questions/86746",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/users/22343/"
] | I disagree with your assertion that physics has nothing to say about this.
There was a time when "nothing" was thought of as a box with no contents. Then it was discovered that it contained air, and air had certain properties- so the box full of nothing actually contained "something".
"Nothing" was redefined to be a box containing no material objects and no gases. Then it was discovered that it contained radiation, which behaved somewhat like a dilute gas, and the properties of that radiation could be measured.
Then "nothing" was redefined to mean a box containing a vacuum and no radiation- but on very small distance scales and very short time scales, it was found to contain particles and antiparticles in a continuous process of creation and annihilation- and if those processes were not taken into account, the predictions of mathematical physics would yield wrong answers.
Physics was extended to yield the right answers by incorporating the effects of those *virtual particles*, and the responsible people got Nobel prizes for their efforts. Now we are faced with the reality that in addition to virtual particles, empty space contains matter that does not interact with light and hence cannot be seen with telescopes, but is manifest in other more subtle (but still measurable) ways.
And that is not the end of the story. The measurable behavior of our universe also indicates the presence of energy in "empty" space which affects its cosmological evolution- in measurable ways.
What this means is that over the last 120 years, the very definition of empty space or "nothing" has been revised several times to properly account for things in it we can't see with our eyes but which are there nonetheless.
Philosophers are free of course to define nothingness in any way they see fit, since those definitions are unconstrained by the way the physical world actually works and untestable by observation or measurement. But the assertion that physics has nothing to say about *nothing* is wrong. | My thoughts on nothingness:
1. As Max Tegmark noted, mathematical object always exist, it is impossible to "remove" them from reality. If you imagine completely "empty" reality, integer numbers still exist, and 1+1 in such empty reality is still 2.
2. Any projection of integer numbers (mathematical function projecting integers into some mathematical object) is equally existent, as any other projection of integer numbers. There is no default "view" on integers, all mathematical objects resulting from projections of integer numbers are equally existent as integer numbers itself.
3. One such projection of integer numbers, one such mathematical object, is our universe (and other projections represent infinite number of other mathematical objects, which all exist in same sense, as our universe exists). All these mathematical objects are various views on integer numbers.
4. I don't think anyone (so far) had any idea why integer numbers (and derived Boolean logic) exist in the first place, why it is so deeply rooted into reality, and why is possibility of non-existence of integer numbers (complete emptiness) inconsistent with reality. |
86,746 | Isn't it obvious that from nothing (in the philosophical sense, i.e. absolute *nonexistence*) comes nothing? Isn't it also clear that **physics has absolutely no saying on this dictum**, as physics only deals with *our* spacetime, the latter simply being one possible instantiation of something ?
If there is no explicit proof, through formal logic or otherwise, that *ex nihilo nihil fit*, can't we accept this principle as a basic law of thought or axiom about reality? | 2021/11/05 | [
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/questions/86746",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/users/22343/"
] | First, if we take the principle, “something can’t come from nothing,” as applying only to all concrete objects that have ever existed within the universe, I think you have a pretty widely-accepted belief. Determinists, for example, believe that the current state of the universe is entirely the result of the laws of physics acting on a previous state of the universe (and maybe even of a small part of it, such as the past light-cone of something). We only get into trouble when we try to apply the principle to things beyond that, such as “The number zero,” or “That anything exists at all.” But a statement that’s “only” true of every concrete thing in the universe is still very useful!
In addition to the answers trying to refine what we mean by “nothing,” I would ask what we mean by, “come from.”
Many people who say “comes from” seem to mean something like, “is the result of what existed before it, namely, ...” which fits our intuition of how the physical world works. But if there is anything that does not exist in time, that definition would clearly not apply to it. For example, where does the principle, “Something cannot come from nothing,” come from? If we mean, that exact utterance, we can say it came from the brain of the first person who thought of it, which was a concrete thing that existed at an earlier time. But if we take this principle as some kind of abstract, eternal truth: was there ever any time where it was untrue? If so, something did once come from nothing; if not, there is no thing that existed before the principle, for it to have “come from,” at least not by the definition of “come from” I gave in this paragraph. So it is a counterexample to itself.
That definition particularly would not apply to the most common context where this question seems to come up: the existence of space-time itself. The existence *of* time could not have been preceded by anything *in* time, and indeed, modern physics seems to tell us that the concept of some putative “time before the Big Bang” is meaningless. The idea that something could have existed “before” there was such a thing as time to cause time is an obvious contradiction, so *time* would be a counterexample that “comes from no thing”—again, by a definition of “comes from” that requires there to have been a point in time where the thing that could not have come from nothing did not exist.
So maybe “comes from” means “was logically entailed by”? We can make physical causation a special case of logical entailment, if we posit that everything that has ever happened was a necessary consequence of what happened before.
But all logic as we understand it does derive from axioms that come from nothing. And in fact, Kurt Gödel proved that no modestly-powerful form of logic can ever possibly prove its own consistency. There are, as a provable mathematical fact, statements in any form of mathematics we can do arithmetic in that are true, but impossible to derive or establish in any finite sequence of steps. If you took a theorem-proving algorithm and tried to find where it came from by searching for a proof, it would just regress infinitely. The theorem is true in that theory, but it doesn’t have any justification that mathematicians would accept as “coming from” somewhere.
Maybe you had something other than “caused by something earlier in time,” or “logically implied by.” If so, I’d need to know what. You don’t necessarily need to, but I do. | >
> Why isn't the dictum "something can't come from nothing" a matter of consensus?
>
>
>
Nothing can possibly come from nothing... But not for any metaphysical reason. It is only a matter of logic and of the semantics of the words involved in the expression.
So, it is trivially true that a thing cannot come from nothing. This apparently is not enough to stop people using the sentence "*something cannot come from nothing*" as if it had some metaphysical import. It doesn't. Something cannot come from nothing and yet, it is at least logically possibly that something does not *come from anything*. Indeed, reality itself could not possibly come from something else, since there is by definition nothing else outside reality, and therefore nothing reality could come from.
So, reality does not come from nothing and it does not come from anything. |
86,746 | Isn't it obvious that from nothing (in the philosophical sense, i.e. absolute *nonexistence*) comes nothing? Isn't it also clear that **physics has absolutely no saying on this dictum**, as physics only deals with *our* spacetime, the latter simply being one possible instantiation of something ?
If there is no explicit proof, through formal logic or otherwise, that *ex nihilo nihil fit*, can't we accept this principle as a basic law of thought or axiom about reality? | 2021/11/05 | [
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/questions/86746",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/users/22343/"
] | Because "something can't come from nothing" leads to infinite regress/explanatory failure when you ask the question, "Where did things come from?"
1. We will assume that "something" exists now and define "nothing" to be the negation of "something".
2. If something exists, it either came from something or came from nothing (law of the excluded middle).
3. If it came from something, then that something either came from something or came from nothing.
4. ...now it's [turtles all the way down](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turtles_all_the_way_down#Turtle_world,_infinite_regress_and_explanatory_failure) and you haven't explained how *anything* came to be.
From Wikipedia:
>
> On one interpretation, the goal of positing the existence of a world turtle is to explain why the earth seems to be at rest instead of falling down: because it rests on the back of a giant turtle. In order to explain why the turtle itself is not in free fall, another even bigger turtle is posited and so on, resulting in a world that is turtles all the way down. Despite its shortcomings in clashing with modern physics and due to its ontological extravagance, this theory seems to be metaphysically possible assuming that space is infinite, thereby avoiding an outright contradiction. But it fails because it has to assume rather than explain at each step that there is another thing that is not falling. It does not explain why nothing at all is falling.
>
>
>
People sometimes try to stop at step 4 by positing a "hand of god" argument, but then we have the question, "Where did god come from, anyway?" It's just more turtles.
Please note that this doesn't prove that something *can* come from nothing. Just that we don't have the tools to answer the question. | Simply put, because in philosophy anything can be called into question no matter how much it may seem like you're denying the obvious, and nothing deters entire intellectual frameworks from being built upon assertions that most people would recognize as absurd. Humans aren't perfectly rational all the time, so there's literally nothing ensuring us to follow even the most basic truths and nothing even deterring errors from becoming normalized.
I say this as someone who upholds that "nothing comes from nothing" is indeed a metaphysical truth, but notice that someone who argues for the contrary could very well use what I said to justify his position *despite* being so contrary to common sense.
Moreover, it is a metaphysical claim. It can't be empirically verified, only rationally, and it's way easier to deny that which can only be seen with the eyes of reason than that which can be seen with physical eyes. That makes empirical investigation way more straightforward than rational investigation. For starters, the most effective tools to best observe phenomena are already settled before you can begin your research. The metaphysician has no such luxury - he must first determine which metaphysical framework out of virtually infinite ones best describes reality before he can even begin reasonably applying it to specific matters.
"Science" ends up seeming so much better grounded than "philosophy" that it's understandable why the temptation always exists to try solving metaphysical problems by appealing to the considerations of natural science or even to naively propose that all philosophical problems are reducible to scientific problems. A question which can be solved by mere observation is much easier to settle than one which can only be determined rationally, so wouldn't that be convenient? Of course, that doesn't make the "scientificist" approach any more true, but the appeal is precisely why physicists like Krauss use it (even if only to fail). And in light of all that I have said it should come as no wonder that those who find him convincing are bound to take a while to catch up to his philosophical errors. |
86,746 | Isn't it obvious that from nothing (in the philosophical sense, i.e. absolute *nonexistence*) comes nothing? Isn't it also clear that **physics has absolutely no saying on this dictum**, as physics only deals with *our* spacetime, the latter simply being one possible instantiation of something ?
If there is no explicit proof, through formal logic or otherwise, that *ex nihilo nihil fit*, can't we accept this principle as a basic law of thought or axiom about reality? | 2021/11/05 | [
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/questions/86746",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/users/22343/"
] | ### Short Answer
It seems to me that the question 'why is there no agreement' has degenerated into an argument about some absolutist notion of particular meaning. This is self-evidentially the answer to the question of why there is no agreement. If a dictum expressed cannot be agreed upon, then there can be no consensus by definition, clearly. The lack of agreement stems from the skirmishing over definitions. This is because of linguistic ambiguity inherent in defining 'something' and 'nothing'. So ultimately, the argument is not one about the nature of the dictum, but rather why and how it is possible to argue about the dictum.
### Long Answer
Do [colorless green ideas sleep furiously?](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorless_green_ideas_sleep_furiously) Noam Chomsky drew our attention to the fact that not all sentences which are grammatical are sensical. The dictum in question is grammatical. Is it sensical? Gibt es Sinn oder Bedeutung hier? There seems to be a preponderance of discussion concluding yes, but since the subject and object of the dictum are abstractions, agreement seems hard to come by. A quick look at the entry for ['nothing'](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nothing) shows that since the Ancient Greeks, one long philosophical kerfuffle has ensued over the meaning. Even in Niels Nielsen's post, we can see how easy it is for people to get their philospher up. OF course, the question isn't is the dictum true, but in what contexts is the dictum true.
#### Mathematical Nothing To Something
In math, we begin with givens and reason deductively to conclusions. Let us assume nothing exists, and let us name the quantity of nothing be 0.
>
> There exists 0.
>
>
>
Let us abridge the construction of arithmetic, and accept the axiom that a natural number and its additive inverse summed are equal to 0.
>
> a + -a = 0
>
>
>
Well from this, we can show that from nothing a positive something and negative something arise. (A useful fact in completing the square, in fact.) Does this show that the dictum is false? Well, it depends on your metaphysical presuppositions, and any argument over the argument degenerates into first principles.
#### Logical Nothing to Something
In logic, existence is predicated in the received view on [existential quantification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existential_quantification). Clearly, in a [formal system](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal_system), the rules are clear: one can create something from nothing.
>
> ∃x
>
>
>
Where did the *x* come from in the axiomatic system? If the [domain of discourse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_of_discourse) is the axiomatic system, then the answer is irrefutably nowhere, *ex nihilio*. But if a philosopher is hell bent on demonstrating that belief precedes words, than she need only argue the domain of discourse.
#### Building Consensus
So the real question implicit here is about the psychology of philosophy and not about some deeper metaphysical [principle of existence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontology). Why is it that two sophisticated thinkers would choose to use language in two different ways? Why does a theologist choose a domain of discourse that includes 'supernatural' and an athiest reject it? Why, like a [Rorschach ink blot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rorschach_test), does a claim find itself interpreted in two starkly different fashions? That answer comes from [metaphilosophy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphilosophy):
>
> Metaphilosophy, sometimes called the philosophy of philosophy, is "the investigation of the nature of philosophy".[1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorless_green_ideas_sleep_furiously) Its subject matter includes the aims of philosophy, the boundaries of philosophy, and its methods.2 Thus, while philosophy characteristically inquires into the nature of being, the reality of objects, the possibility of knowledge, the nature of truth, and so on, metaphilosophy is the self-reflective inquiry into the nature, aims, and methods of the activity that makes these kinds of inquiries, by asking what is philosophy itself, what sorts of questions it should ask, how it might pose and answer them, and what it can achieve in doing so. It is considered by some to be a subject prior and preparatory to philosophy,[4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existential_quantification) while others see it as inherently a part of philosophy,[5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal_system) or automatically a part of philosophy[6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_of_discourse) while others adopt some combination of these views.[2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nothing)
>
>
>
Philosophy, after all, is a human activity. | My thoughts on nothingness:
1. As Max Tegmark noted, mathematical object always exist, it is impossible to "remove" them from reality. If you imagine completely "empty" reality, integer numbers still exist, and 1+1 in such empty reality is still 2.
2. Any projection of integer numbers (mathematical function projecting integers into some mathematical object) is equally existent, as any other projection of integer numbers. There is no default "view" on integers, all mathematical objects resulting from projections of integer numbers are equally existent as integer numbers itself.
3. One such projection of integer numbers, one such mathematical object, is our universe (and other projections represent infinite number of other mathematical objects, which all exist in same sense, as our universe exists). All these mathematical objects are various views on integer numbers.
4. I don't think anyone (so far) had any idea why integer numbers (and derived Boolean logic) exist in the first place, why it is so deeply rooted into reality, and why is possibility of non-existence of integer numbers (complete emptiness) inconsistent with reality. |
103,346 | I'm looking for a small linux install (<100Mb) that can just run a browser and ideally a media player.
It's to fit in a spare recovery partition on my laptop and be a quick boot for non-work stuff when I'm on the road.
I have used Puppy-linux and DSL before but they have lots of stuff I don't need.
Is there something like these that just concentrates on running a browser in the way xbmc does for videos?
ps. The size requirement was to fit in the existing 100Mb win7 recovery partition, but that can be resized. The main idea was something that booted very quickly without the 10min wait while windows does all the corporate stuff and realizes it isn't on the LAN - and could be shutdown instantly. | 2010/02/01 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/103346",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/1835/"
] | Have a look at [GeeXboX](http://www.linux.com/archive/feed/118210) which is a media-centered Linux distribution.
>
> GeeXboX, a small media center Linux
> live CD distribution, can run from any
> small device, such as a USB disk or a
> wallet CD-R, and can play both
> disk-based media like DVDs and online
> media like Icecast streams. The
> project has been in development for
> several years and has just released
> version 1.1. I fed it every kind of
> media file I could lay my hands on --
> Ogg, MP3, MP4, AVI, DVDs, VCDs, and
> their ripped versions -- and it played
> them all without a hiccup. But what
> makes GeeXBoX a fantastic distribution
> is its ease of use and malleability.
>
>
> GeeXBoX 1.1 is a mere 8.9MB ISO
> download. Its hardware requirements
> are minimal -- a Pentium II 400MHz
> processor and 64MB of RAM are enough
> to power GeeXBoX -- and of course
> you'll need a CD/DVD drive to play
> your media. GeeXBoX ejects its CD boot
> media after copying itself into memory
> and booting the computer. If you don't
> want to bother with the GeeXBoX CD
> every time you want to power up your
> media center, you can install GeeXBoX
> onto a hard drive as well. To install
> GeeXBoX you need only an 8MB
> partition, and it can install in a
> Windows FAT partition as well as Linux
> ext2/3 partitions. If you don't have a
> hard disk on the computer you want to
> run GeeXBoX on, you can install the
> distribution onto a USB disk.
>
>
> GeeXBoX boots quickly into a simple
> graphical environment. The first
> screen displays controls to open and
> play media files, change preferences
> (for audio/video playback, displaying
> subtitles, and so on), and configure
> some options (such as a sleep timer
> and autoplay mode). The developers
> have done a good job of making the
> distribution as easy to use as a
> regular DVD player. Unless you're
> really picky about the font size of
> your subtitles, you'll be happy with
> the default settings.
>
>
>
 | There are a few distributions like this, but the only installable one I've come across is [Webconverger](http://webconverger.org/). It's basically a web kiosk, but it's Debian based, and you can install additional applications to it. To make things simpler, you might want [an MP3 player add-on for the browser](https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/4617).
I'm not sure how well it fits into the size requirement, but it's sibling [cl33n](http://cl33n.com/) is a LiveCD only distro which works similarly, if you don't require an install. It's very small although development halted in November 2009. |
103,346 | I'm looking for a small linux install (<100Mb) that can just run a browser and ideally a media player.
It's to fit in a spare recovery partition on my laptop and be a quick boot for non-work stuff when I'm on the road.
I have used Puppy-linux and DSL before but they have lots of stuff I don't need.
Is there something like these that just concentrates on running a browser in the way xbmc does for videos?
ps. The size requirement was to fit in the existing 100Mb win7 recovery partition, but that can be resized. The main idea was something that booted very quickly without the 10min wait while windows does all the corporate stuff and realizes it isn't on the LAN - and could be shutdown instantly. | 2010/02/01 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/103346",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/1835/"
] | **Slax - your pocket operating system** <http://www.slax.org/get_slax.php>
>
> Slax is a modern, portable, small and
> fast Linux operating system with a
> modular approach and outstanding
> design. Despite its small size, Slax
> provides a wide collection of
> pre-installed software for daily use,
> including a well organized graphical
> user interface and useful recovery
> tools for system administrators.
>
>
> The modular approach gives you the
> ability to include any other software
> in Slax easily. If you're missing your
> favourite text editor, networking tool
> or game, simply download a module with
> the software and copy it to Slax, no
> need to install, no need to configure.
>
>
> If you are a beginner or you're just
> too busy to make it yourself, follow a
> few steps to build your own customized
> operating system by using web-based
> interface here.
>
>
>
You can even build your custom Slax by access this page: <http://www.slax.org/build.php>
>
> Build your own customized Slax with all the modules you need, then download your ISO or > TAR directly from this site.
>
>
>
Size: 200MB for the latest version 6.1.2 | There are a few distributions like this, but the only installable one I've come across is [Webconverger](http://webconverger.org/). It's basically a web kiosk, but it's Debian based, and you can install additional applications to it. To make things simpler, you might want [an MP3 player add-on for the browser](https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/4617).
I'm not sure how well it fits into the size requirement, but it's sibling [cl33n](http://cl33n.com/) is a LiveCD only distro which works similarly, if you don't require an install. It's very small although development halted in November 2009. |
103,346 | I'm looking for a small linux install (<100Mb) that can just run a browser and ideally a media player.
It's to fit in a spare recovery partition on my laptop and be a quick boot for non-work stuff when I'm on the road.
I have used Puppy-linux and DSL before but they have lots of stuff I don't need.
Is there something like these that just concentrates on running a browser in the way xbmc does for videos?
ps. The size requirement was to fit in the existing 100Mb win7 recovery partition, but that can be resized. The main idea was something that booted very quickly without the 10min wait while windows does all the corporate stuff and realizes it isn't on the LAN - and could be shutdown instantly. | 2010/02/01 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/103346",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/1835/"
] | Have a look at [GeeXboX](http://www.linux.com/archive/feed/118210) which is a media-centered Linux distribution.
>
> GeeXboX, a small media center Linux
> live CD distribution, can run from any
> small device, such as a USB disk or a
> wallet CD-R, and can play both
> disk-based media like DVDs and online
> media like Icecast streams. The
> project has been in development for
> several years and has just released
> version 1.1. I fed it every kind of
> media file I could lay my hands on --
> Ogg, MP3, MP4, AVI, DVDs, VCDs, and
> their ripped versions -- and it played
> them all without a hiccup. But what
> makes GeeXBoX a fantastic distribution
> is its ease of use and malleability.
>
>
> GeeXBoX 1.1 is a mere 8.9MB ISO
> download. Its hardware requirements
> are minimal -- a Pentium II 400MHz
> processor and 64MB of RAM are enough
> to power GeeXBoX -- and of course
> you'll need a CD/DVD drive to play
> your media. GeeXBoX ejects its CD boot
> media after copying itself into memory
> and booting the computer. If you don't
> want to bother with the GeeXBoX CD
> every time you want to power up your
> media center, you can install GeeXBoX
> onto a hard drive as well. To install
> GeeXBoX you need only an 8MB
> partition, and it can install in a
> Windows FAT partition as well as Linux
> ext2/3 partitions. If you don't have a
> hard disk on the computer you want to
> run GeeXBoX on, you can install the
> distribution onto a USB disk.
>
>
> GeeXBoX boots quickly into a simple
> graphical environment. The first
> screen displays controls to open and
> play media files, change preferences
> (for audio/video playback, displaying
> subtitles, and so on), and configure
> some options (such as a sleep timer
> and autoplay mode). The developers
> have done a good job of making the
> distribution as easy to use as a
> regular DVD player. Unless you're
> really picky about the font size of
> your subtitles, you'll be happy with
> the default settings.
>
>
>
 | **Slax - your pocket operating system** <http://www.slax.org/get_slax.php>
>
> Slax is a modern, portable, small and
> fast Linux operating system with a
> modular approach and outstanding
> design. Despite its small size, Slax
> provides a wide collection of
> pre-installed software for daily use,
> including a well organized graphical
> user interface and useful recovery
> tools for system administrators.
>
>
> The modular approach gives you the
> ability to include any other software
> in Slax easily. If you're missing your
> favourite text editor, networking tool
> or game, simply download a module with
> the software and copy it to Slax, no
> need to install, no need to configure.
>
>
> If you are a beginner or you're just
> too busy to make it yourself, follow a
> few steps to build your own customized
> operating system by using web-based
> interface here.
>
>
>
You can even build your custom Slax by access this page: <http://www.slax.org/build.php>
>
> Build your own customized Slax with all the modules you need, then download your ISO or > TAR directly from this site.
>
>
>
Size: 200MB for the latest version 6.1.2 |
103,346 | I'm looking for a small linux install (<100Mb) that can just run a browser and ideally a media player.
It's to fit in a spare recovery partition on my laptop and be a quick boot for non-work stuff when I'm on the road.
I have used Puppy-linux and DSL before but they have lots of stuff I don't need.
Is there something like these that just concentrates on running a browser in the way xbmc does for videos?
ps. The size requirement was to fit in the existing 100Mb win7 recovery partition, but that can be resized. The main idea was something that booted very quickly without the 10min wait while windows does all the corporate stuff and realizes it isn't on the LAN - and could be shutdown instantly. | 2010/02/01 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/103346",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/1835/"
] | Have a look at [GeeXboX](http://www.linux.com/archive/feed/118210) which is a media-centered Linux distribution.
>
> GeeXboX, a small media center Linux
> live CD distribution, can run from any
> small device, such as a USB disk or a
> wallet CD-R, and can play both
> disk-based media like DVDs and online
> media like Icecast streams. The
> project has been in development for
> several years and has just released
> version 1.1. I fed it every kind of
> media file I could lay my hands on --
> Ogg, MP3, MP4, AVI, DVDs, VCDs, and
> their ripped versions -- and it played
> them all without a hiccup. But what
> makes GeeXBoX a fantastic distribution
> is its ease of use and malleability.
>
>
> GeeXBoX 1.1 is a mere 8.9MB ISO
> download. Its hardware requirements
> are minimal -- a Pentium II 400MHz
> processor and 64MB of RAM are enough
> to power GeeXBoX -- and of course
> you'll need a CD/DVD drive to play
> your media. GeeXBoX ejects its CD boot
> media after copying itself into memory
> and booting the computer. If you don't
> want to bother with the GeeXBoX CD
> every time you want to power up your
> media center, you can install GeeXBoX
> onto a hard drive as well. To install
> GeeXBoX you need only an 8MB
> partition, and it can install in a
> Windows FAT partition as well as Linux
> ext2/3 partitions. If you don't have a
> hard disk on the computer you want to
> run GeeXBoX on, you can install the
> distribution onto a USB disk.
>
>
> GeeXBoX boots quickly into a simple
> graphical environment. The first
> screen displays controls to open and
> play media files, change preferences
> (for audio/video playback, displaying
> subtitles, and so on), and configure
> some options (such as a sleep timer
> and autoplay mode). The developers
> have done a good job of making the
> distribution as easy to use as a
> regular DVD player. Unless you're
> really picky about the font size of
> your subtitles, you'll be happy with
> the default settings.
>
>
>
 | There is also [slitaz](http://www.slitaz.org/) - seems to be worth playing with.
(yes - I know, but it's more usefull as an answer) |
103,346 | I'm looking for a small linux install (<100Mb) that can just run a browser and ideally a media player.
It's to fit in a spare recovery partition on my laptop and be a quick boot for non-work stuff when I'm on the road.
I have used Puppy-linux and DSL before but they have lots of stuff I don't need.
Is there something like these that just concentrates on running a browser in the way xbmc does for videos?
ps. The size requirement was to fit in the existing 100Mb win7 recovery partition, but that can be resized. The main idea was something that booted very quickly without the 10min wait while windows does all the corporate stuff and realizes it isn't on the LAN - and could be shutdown instantly. | 2010/02/01 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/103346",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/1835/"
] | **Slax - your pocket operating system** <http://www.slax.org/get_slax.php>
>
> Slax is a modern, portable, small and
> fast Linux operating system with a
> modular approach and outstanding
> design. Despite its small size, Slax
> provides a wide collection of
> pre-installed software for daily use,
> including a well organized graphical
> user interface and useful recovery
> tools for system administrators.
>
>
> The modular approach gives you the
> ability to include any other software
> in Slax easily. If you're missing your
> favourite text editor, networking tool
> or game, simply download a module with
> the software and copy it to Slax, no
> need to install, no need to configure.
>
>
> If you are a beginner or you're just
> too busy to make it yourself, follow a
> few steps to build your own customized
> operating system by using web-based
> interface here.
>
>
>
You can even build your custom Slax by access this page: <http://www.slax.org/build.php>
>
> Build your own customized Slax with all the modules you need, then download your ISO or > TAR directly from this site.
>
>
>
Size: 200MB for the latest version 6.1.2 | There is also [slitaz](http://www.slitaz.org/) - seems to be worth playing with.
(yes - I know, but it's more usefull as an answer) |
19,667 | I've bought a cheap flash on eBay and got this fancy flash diffuser as a free gift:
So, what are the effects of a light diffuser like this one? What difference does it make to the resulting photo? And, when should I use it?
Is it useful for on-camera flash? How does it compare to bouncing the flash?
Is it useful for off-camera flash? When should I use it as opposed to the other 10,000 light modifiers out there?
Or, is it just one of those things where its only purpose in life is being an easy up-sell? | 2012/01/28 | [
"https://photo.stackexchange.com/questions/19667",
"https://photo.stackexchange.com",
"https://photo.stackexchange.com/users/2481/"
] | This kind of flash diffuser produces a "bare-bulb" effect. It's not like a softbox or umbrella, which works by effectively making a larger light source. Instead, it makes the light from your flash less focused, so it's diffused by bouncing off walls and other objects.
Normally, a hotshoe flash works like a spotlight — it focuses its output in a cone. That's good for efficiency, but makes the light rather uni-directional and harsh. A bare bulb, on the other hand, scatters light in every direction. From the point of view of a subject, it's still one source, but the scattered light also bounces around the room, providing softer fill light.
Many people try to use this type of push-on diffuser to improve the appearance of flash when shooting in large spaces or outdoors. *This will lead to disappointment.* The little bit of plastic doesn't do much but cut light output in this case.
The Sto-Fen Omnibounce is one of the more popular brand-name pieces of push-on plastic, and they have a [diagram of the effect](http://www.stofen.com/info/howitworks.asp) on their website. Note the bouncing arrows — that's critical, even though they don't really explain that every well.
Of course, a real bare-bulb (also called "bare tube") flash just doesn't have a focusing reflector in the first place. This is a lot more effective than having the reflector and sticking a little white plastic box on top. I'm not aware of any hotshoe units made to work this way (short of somewhat-dangerous D.I.Y.), but many studio lights ([like this](http://www.adorama.com/QTQFT5DR.html)) are made to easily support this configuration. Notice the 45° angle suggested in the Sto-Fen diagram — that's basically a compromise because the small push-on thing isn't big enough to really scatter light everywhere. Devices like Gary Fong's "[Lightsphere](https://photo.stackexchange.com/questions/19750/gary-fong-collapsable-on-nikon-sb600-flash-is-folding)" are meant to provide a bigger "bulb emulator".
I think the push-on diffusers for hotshoe flashes are *mostly a gimmick*, but they do have some use. When you're bouncing from the ceiling, sometimes light is still too directional and you get unwanted downward shadows. Since we normally expect light like that, that's better than shadows on the wall and otherwise sideways — but using this device will scatter some more light around to bounce in more directions (including directly, of course). | You won't get "modified" light from an unmodified light. That is, pushing a diffuser over the front of a speed light isn't an instant softbox. Neither is Gary Fong's Lightsphere, although you see them all over the place. You have three directions to go here:
* Ignore everything, love your flash the way it is, and live with the harsh lighting
* Add a diffuser and *bounce* the flash. It's not really useful to keep the flash pointed at your victim, er, subject and just expect a piece of plastic to give you magic lighting. Better than nothing, but if you can bounce the light, it all of a sudden becomes a much bigger light source and the results can be pretty good
* Invest in some real mods. This doesn't sound like where you are going, as they are only intended for off-camera work, and can get pricey pretty fast.
In terms of the on-camera/off-camera question, it's conventional wisdom that direct on-camera flash is about the worst kind of light *if it is your main light*. In your case, it seems you are using the flash as the main light, so the shadows will be unflattering and the light falloff quite noticeable behind the subject. If you move the flash off camera, at least the shadows will help define the shape of the subject. Above and to the side would be a good place to start. You very much have to visualize the path the light will take from your flash to the subject to make this work and the diffuser may or may not work in your favor here.
With all that said, I carry one -- it's better than nothing! |
19,667 | I've bought a cheap flash on eBay and got this fancy flash diffuser as a free gift:
So, what are the effects of a light diffuser like this one? What difference does it make to the resulting photo? And, when should I use it?
Is it useful for on-camera flash? How does it compare to bouncing the flash?
Is it useful for off-camera flash? When should I use it as opposed to the other 10,000 light modifiers out there?
Or, is it just one of those things where its only purpose in life is being an easy up-sell? | 2012/01/28 | [
"https://photo.stackexchange.com/questions/19667",
"https://photo.stackexchange.com",
"https://photo.stackexchange.com/users/2481/"
] | This kind of flash diffuser produces a "bare-bulb" effect. It's not like a softbox or umbrella, which works by effectively making a larger light source. Instead, it makes the light from your flash less focused, so it's diffused by bouncing off walls and other objects.
Normally, a hotshoe flash works like a spotlight — it focuses its output in a cone. That's good for efficiency, but makes the light rather uni-directional and harsh. A bare bulb, on the other hand, scatters light in every direction. From the point of view of a subject, it's still one source, but the scattered light also bounces around the room, providing softer fill light.
Many people try to use this type of push-on diffuser to improve the appearance of flash when shooting in large spaces or outdoors. *This will lead to disappointment.* The little bit of plastic doesn't do much but cut light output in this case.
The Sto-Fen Omnibounce is one of the more popular brand-name pieces of push-on plastic, and they have a [diagram of the effect](http://www.stofen.com/info/howitworks.asp) on their website. Note the bouncing arrows — that's critical, even though they don't really explain that every well.
Of course, a real bare-bulb (also called "bare tube") flash just doesn't have a focusing reflector in the first place. This is a lot more effective than having the reflector and sticking a little white plastic box on top. I'm not aware of any hotshoe units made to work this way (short of somewhat-dangerous D.I.Y.), but many studio lights ([like this](http://www.adorama.com/QTQFT5DR.html)) are made to easily support this configuration. Notice the 45° angle suggested in the Sto-Fen diagram — that's basically a compromise because the small push-on thing isn't big enough to really scatter light everywhere. Devices like Gary Fong's "[Lightsphere](https://photo.stackexchange.com/questions/19750/gary-fong-collapsable-on-nikon-sb600-flash-is-folding)" are meant to provide a bigger "bulb emulator".
I think the push-on diffusers for hotshoe flashes are *mostly a gimmick*, but they do have some use. When you're bouncing from the ceiling, sometimes light is still too directional and you get unwanted downward shadows. Since we normally expect light like that, that's better than shadows on the wall and otherwise sideways — but using this device will scatter some more light around to bounce in more directions (including directly, of course). | As has been described above, the omni-diffusers do not expand the volume of the light source, rather they only expand the cone of light beyond the quite directional cone a bare flash provides. I often see photographers in clubs or bars using these and the results speak for themselves. Often the light will harshly falloff down past the person's face and result in a largely top exposed photo.
I've come to enjoy using a bounce card attached to my flash. This is my own setup using a 60D and a Canon 430EX II. I have the flash angled around 75 degrees from horizontal and the bounce card is angled just enough so that it cover the direct line of sight of the flash head (not the whole cone of light, mind you).
What this does is creates essentially a key light and fill light in one go. A portion of the light will travel past the bounce card and interact with the ceiling, adding some definition, while the bounce card will pickup the majority of it and fill in the face(s). Not only that, it is also high enough to add it's own angle of definition. This is not the only solution, but it works very well for me. I've attached a photo that I've taken with this setup.
Setup:
------
Light path (roughly):
---------------------
Result:
-------
You can see that it fills the entire photo with light, but using a flattering angle and softer edge on the shadows.
 |
19,667 | I've bought a cheap flash on eBay and got this fancy flash diffuser as a free gift:
So, what are the effects of a light diffuser like this one? What difference does it make to the resulting photo? And, when should I use it?
Is it useful for on-camera flash? How does it compare to bouncing the flash?
Is it useful for off-camera flash? When should I use it as opposed to the other 10,000 light modifiers out there?
Or, is it just one of those things where its only purpose in life is being an easy up-sell? | 2012/01/28 | [
"https://photo.stackexchange.com/questions/19667",
"https://photo.stackexchange.com",
"https://photo.stackexchange.com/users/2481/"
] | As has been described above, the omni-diffusers do not expand the volume of the light source, rather they only expand the cone of light beyond the quite directional cone a bare flash provides. I often see photographers in clubs or bars using these and the results speak for themselves. Often the light will harshly falloff down past the person's face and result in a largely top exposed photo.
I've come to enjoy using a bounce card attached to my flash. This is my own setup using a 60D and a Canon 430EX II. I have the flash angled around 75 degrees from horizontal and the bounce card is angled just enough so that it cover the direct line of sight of the flash head (not the whole cone of light, mind you).
What this does is creates essentially a key light and fill light in one go. A portion of the light will travel past the bounce card and interact with the ceiling, adding some definition, while the bounce card will pickup the majority of it and fill in the face(s). Not only that, it is also high enough to add it's own angle of definition. This is not the only solution, but it works very well for me. I've attached a photo that I've taken with this setup.
Setup:
------
Light path (roughly):
---------------------
Result:
-------
You can see that it fills the entire photo with light, but using a flattering angle and softer edge on the shadows.
 | You won't get "modified" light from an unmodified light. That is, pushing a diffuser over the front of a speed light isn't an instant softbox. Neither is Gary Fong's Lightsphere, although you see them all over the place. You have three directions to go here:
* Ignore everything, love your flash the way it is, and live with the harsh lighting
* Add a diffuser and *bounce* the flash. It's not really useful to keep the flash pointed at your victim, er, subject and just expect a piece of plastic to give you magic lighting. Better than nothing, but if you can bounce the light, it all of a sudden becomes a much bigger light source and the results can be pretty good
* Invest in some real mods. This doesn't sound like where you are going, as they are only intended for off-camera work, and can get pricey pretty fast.
In terms of the on-camera/off-camera question, it's conventional wisdom that direct on-camera flash is about the worst kind of light *if it is your main light*. In your case, it seems you are using the flash as the main light, so the shadows will be unflattering and the light falloff quite noticeable behind the subject. If you move the flash off camera, at least the shadows will help define the shape of the subject. Above and to the side would be a good place to start. You very much have to visualize the path the light will take from your flash to the subject to make this work and the diffuser may or may not work in your favor here.
With all that said, I carry one -- it's better than nothing! |
4,886,794 | I'm create a website specifically for the ipad. What tools should i use to help me debug CSS? I'm developing from a desktop environment, but testing and viewing my changes on the iPad.
I use firebug to debug your normal website. But my ipad website doesn't show up at all in firefox. It shows up in Safari, but Sencha's drag, touch and slide event handlers don't respond well to my mouse events.
What tool do I use to debug css (and possibly javascript) issues on an ipad website built with Sencha? | 2011/02/03 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/4886794",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/27305/"
] | Try the [Phantom Limb](http://www.vodori.com/blog/phantom-limb.html).
It simulates touch events on a desktop browser to enable testing. (it also turns your mouse pointer into a giant hand, which I guess adds to the effect.... hmmmm)
This is quite a new thing -- I haven't tried it myself yet; it's still on my 'todo' list, so I can't tell you how great it is, just that it is supposed to solve the kind of problems you're asking about. | I ended up using google chrome's developer tools. It uses the webkit engine just like safari, so it's the closes thing I have. |
5,954,538 | Once I asked a guy "what is the difference between ASCII and Binary files?"
And he said "Binary files always have \x00"
I've been searching about this and found [What is the meaning of \x00 , \x04 in PHP](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1182812/what-is-the-meaning-of-x00-x04-in-php)
so the conclusion is, ASCII files don't have NULL character? | 2011/05/10 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/5954538",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/697975/"
] | An ASCII file might be read or interpreted as having NULL-terminated strings, carriage returns & line-feeds, or other control characters, that are intended to be read and acted on. For example, a text reader might look for a line of text, where a line is "however many characters you see before you get to a linefeed"
A binary file is considered to be just a sequence of bytes - none of them has any special meaning, in the sens that a text-reader would interpret them.
\x00 is an example of a specific byte value (HEX 0), that might be interpreted in a special way by a text reader. | Wrong. ASCII files have NULL characters. In fact, every string in ASCII ends at a NULL.
ASCII files are files that only contain ASCII characters x0 - x127.
Binary files contain data and each individual byte can be an ascii character, an integer, pointer, etc. Its just how to write data to the file and how you rad it back. |
12,270 | I want that particles would appear from one corner, and like a wave would go through all the plane using vertex density. Basically just to animate the weight-painting. Is it possible do it, or maybe there is some other ways to make similar effect?
 | 2014/06/16 | [
"https://blender.stackexchange.com/questions/12270",
"https://blender.stackexchange.com",
"https://blender.stackexchange.com/users/1751/"
] | Currently there is no way to animate weight paint directly *(unless you do so via some Python script)*.
Instead, you can use a texture to control particles with a texture, if the animation is simple. You can use offset to control the moment of the texture. The values that are of interest are highlighted in yellow.
 | Dynamic paint is the way to go.
The thing is that you can´t go with only one brush for both length and density weight groups at the same time.
It looks like the particle generator, no matter if it is emitter or hair, doesn't update very well, in fact it "can't" generate particles if the canvas has the fade option on for this surface layer (the one used for density) and moving brush objects are involved. Yes, the particles will appear for some frames to inconsistenly dissapear.
You have to use two surface layers in the canvas menu: one for the density and one more for the length. For this case/example you can use the same brush/mesh
The density layer should have no fade at all. It means it will paint all in brush area and along his path.
For this part you can also manually prepaint the area via weights where the particles should appear. Well, you can also use a map or a texture to control the particles density and secure the area of emission.
the length layer should have the Fade option activated in order to make the particles appear/dissapear by the area defined by the brush. This layer wil make the magic.
Things can change if more interaction is involved, like let's say...drivers, curve modifiers,modifiers in general,...for the modifiers case remember to activate the Use modifier stack in the emission pannel in the particle emitter menu. If something doenst updates well try to disconnect/reconnect the weight maps/vertex groups in the influence panel of the particles, inverting/reverting the values in the same menu works fine: (<-> icon)
thats all |
12,270 | I want that particles would appear from one corner, and like a wave would go through all the plane using vertex density. Basically just to animate the weight-painting. Is it possible do it, or maybe there is some other ways to make similar effect?
 | 2014/06/16 | [
"https://blender.stackexchange.com/questions/12270",
"https://blender.stackexchange.com",
"https://blender.stackexchange.com/users/1751/"
] | Using *Dynamic Paint* you can get something close to what you are looking for.
1. First you will need to add a Dynamic Paint *canvas* to the plane you want with the vertex group.
2. Add a object and assign it as a Dynamic Paint *brush*.
3. Change the settings of the canvas object. The *Format* should be *Vertex* set *Surface type* to *Weight*. Note the name of the Dynamic Paint output vertex group (default is *dp\_weight*) and add a vertex group with the same name.
4. To get the vertex group to fade out after the brush, enable the check mark *Fade:* under the Dynamic Paint Advanced. Then change the *time* slider down to something quicker suitable to your animation.
[This](http://www.pasteall.org/blend/29832) is a example blend showing Dynamic Paint controlling the length of a hair Particle system. | Dynamic paint is the way to go.
The thing is that you can´t go with only one brush for both length and density weight groups at the same time.
It looks like the particle generator, no matter if it is emitter or hair, doesn't update very well, in fact it "can't" generate particles if the canvas has the fade option on for this surface layer (the one used for density) and moving brush objects are involved. Yes, the particles will appear for some frames to inconsistenly dissapear.
You have to use two surface layers in the canvas menu: one for the density and one more for the length. For this case/example you can use the same brush/mesh
The density layer should have no fade at all. It means it will paint all in brush area and along his path.
For this part you can also manually prepaint the area via weights where the particles should appear. Well, you can also use a map or a texture to control the particles density and secure the area of emission.
the length layer should have the Fade option activated in order to make the particles appear/dissapear by the area defined by the brush. This layer wil make the magic.
Things can change if more interaction is involved, like let's say...drivers, curve modifiers,modifiers in general,...for the modifiers case remember to activate the Use modifier stack in the emission pannel in the particle emitter menu. If something doenst updates well try to disconnect/reconnect the weight maps/vertex groups in the influence panel of the particles, inverting/reverting the values in the same menu works fine: (<-> icon)
thats all |
12,270 | I want that particles would appear from one corner, and like a wave would go through all the plane using vertex density. Basically just to animate the weight-painting. Is it possible do it, or maybe there is some other ways to make similar effect?
 | 2014/06/16 | [
"https://blender.stackexchange.com/questions/12270",
"https://blender.stackexchange.com",
"https://blender.stackexchange.com/users/1751/"
] | I think you're looking for the **Vertex Weight Proximity** modifier. It lets you assign vertex weights based on, for example, the distance to the target object's geometry, which you can animate per usual.
 | Dynamic paint is the way to go.
The thing is that you can´t go with only one brush for both length and density weight groups at the same time.
It looks like the particle generator, no matter if it is emitter or hair, doesn't update very well, in fact it "can't" generate particles if the canvas has the fade option on for this surface layer (the one used for density) and moving brush objects are involved. Yes, the particles will appear for some frames to inconsistenly dissapear.
You have to use two surface layers in the canvas menu: one for the density and one more for the length. For this case/example you can use the same brush/mesh
The density layer should have no fade at all. It means it will paint all in brush area and along his path.
For this part you can also manually prepaint the area via weights where the particles should appear. Well, you can also use a map or a texture to control the particles density and secure the area of emission.
the length layer should have the Fade option activated in order to make the particles appear/dissapear by the area defined by the brush. This layer wil make the magic.
Things can change if more interaction is involved, like let's say...drivers, curve modifiers,modifiers in general,...for the modifiers case remember to activate the Use modifier stack in the emission pannel in the particle emitter menu. If something doenst updates well try to disconnect/reconnect the weight maps/vertex groups in the influence panel of the particles, inverting/reverting the values in the same menu works fine: (<-> icon)
thats all |
9,001 | In my house, I’ve got a mag mount antenna mounted on a piece of sheet metal on top of rubber and the tip of the antenna goes into my ceiling and possibly contacts or is near to home insulation. I was just wondering if this was a hazard for fire in any way or if I’m OK. The antenna's max is 75 W, but my radio generally never puts that out. | 2017/08/04 | [
"https://ham.stackexchange.com/questions/9001",
"https://ham.stackexchange.com",
"https://ham.stackexchange.com/users/10132/"
] | I think you will be safe as long as there is no metal behind the ceiling. Ideally I would try to have a gap. | If your antenna is a 1/4 wave vertical, the peak voltage on it will be at the very end of the antenna. So, please don't touch it while you are transmitting.
An antenna that is well-matched has an input impedance of 50 ohms (for most radios) and an output impedance of 377 ohms (this is the impedance of free space, and all an antenna really is, is a matching device from your radio's transmitter to free space).
If you are transmitting 50 watts into a perfectly efficient, perfectly matched antenna, the voltage at the tip is the sqrt(50\*377) = 137 volts. You *might* arc this to a piece of metal if it were within a few thousandths of an inch, and it *might* conduct a tiny bit of current into high impedance materials.
One concern is the effect on the impedance of the antenna having dielectric materials in the near field. Having things like drywall and fiberglass right around part of the antenna might change its impedance enough to harm the radiation pattern and efficiency.
I would try to remove any materials that are near the antenna. |
24,726 | I am looking for a safe way of transporting money while traveling. Are there any good guides or tips?
I know CC or ATM machines are almost available everywhere... they almost always work well. But it's the almost part that worries me more. Unforeseen situation like out of cash machines, bank limitation, governmental limitation, etc. can ruin your travel plans. Physical money is still the widest used mean everywhere and it's good to have some backup just in case.
The problem is transporting it safely. The best would be carrying it with you, not in bags, or leave it somewhere. The wallet is too visible and can easily be stolen, the backpack the same. Although rare I am sure we all know stories of stolen property in hotels / hostels /etc
What tactics and ideas are there to safely transport and keep money?
Are there any "gadgets" that may help to avoid or dissuade someone from stealing? | 2014/03/04 | [
"https://travel.stackexchange.com/questions/24726",
"https://travel.stackexchange.com",
"https://travel.stackexchange.com/users/3736/"
] | First and foremost never have more physical money than you can afford to lose.
Secondly, if you carry it on your person always split it into two parts. The first part, kept in your pocket or easily accessible should be the smaller of the two. The second part should be kept in a body wallet or some other equally hidden place (shoe/sock).
Finally, keeping a portion of your money in a safe in your hotel room or with the front desk of your hotel is always a good backup plan as well. | Don't use cash. Its can be stolen really easy.
I may recomend the way I usually deal with my money in every trip
First of all, you need some cash on your hands. Buy some junk food and souvenirs in an airport. It must be sum of money that you are not afraid to lost or waste on something. I usually keep this sum in dollars and change it on domestic currency when arrive.
You also need to have 2 credit card which operate the same account. On this account keep most of your money in dollars. It must be VISA or MasterCard. Keep one of those cards in wallet and another in safety place - where you keep your passport and other documents. Use first card to for usual payments and getting cash from ATM. (If you use VISA you will not charge additional for getting cash from ATM)
So, if by some reasons you lost your wallet or it was stolen - just call to your bank and block first card. Your money will be still available by using second card.
I also want to warn you to never use ATM on the streets. Use only ATMs in a big shops. |
194,368 | I need to view the Google music, but that is restricted in our country. Can I access it using any other fake IP address or how to view that? | 2010/09/30 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/194368",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/-1/"
] | You can use [TOR](http://www.torproject.org/) and its [Firefox extension](https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/2275/).
To choose the country of exit node, read [this link](https://tor.stackexchange.com/questions/733/can-i-exit-from-a-specific-country-or-node). | Try [UltraSurf](http://www.ultrareach.com/). It's a speedy proxy that works like magic. With a one or two clicks you'll get a new IP address. |
194,368 | I need to view the Google music, but that is restricted in our country. Can I access it using any other fake IP address or how to view that? | 2010/09/30 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/194368",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/-1/"
] | You can use [TOR](http://www.torproject.org/) and its [Firefox extension](https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/2275/).
To choose the country of exit node, read [this link](https://tor.stackexchange.com/questions/733/can-i-exit-from-a-specific-country-or-node). | [Spotflux](http://spotflux.com/) provides a managed and trusted connection to the internet that immediately reacts to and protects against emerging threats and unwanted tracking that affect mobile devices and desktop computers.
[Mediahint](https://mediahint.com/) is an extension for the Chrome & Firefox web browsers, that will anonymise your IP address (no configuration necessary).
[Hola Unblocker](http://hola.org/) is available for Android, Apple Mac, Windows as well as Chrome & Firefox extensions that will again anonymise your IP address. |
194,368 | I need to view the Google music, but that is restricted in our country. Can I access it using any other fake IP address or how to view that? | 2010/09/30 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/194368",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/-1/"
] | [ProxyFire](http://www.proxyfire.net/) is a very small program which you can use to change your public IP address by using a number of free public proxies. | Try [UltraSurf](http://www.ultrareach.com/). It's a speedy proxy that works like magic. With a one or two clicks you'll get a new IP address. |
194,368 | I need to view the Google music, but that is restricted in our country. Can I access it using any other fake IP address or how to view that? | 2010/09/30 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/194368",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/-1/"
] | [ProxyFire](http://www.proxyfire.net/) is a very small program which you can use to change your public IP address by using a number of free public proxies. | [Spotflux](http://spotflux.com/) provides a managed and trusted connection to the internet that immediately reacts to and protects against emerging threats and unwanted tracking that affect mobile devices and desktop computers.
[Mediahint](https://mediahint.com/) is an extension for the Chrome & Firefox web browsers, that will anonymise your IP address (no configuration necessary).
[Hola Unblocker](http://hola.org/) is available for Android, Apple Mac, Windows as well as Chrome & Firefox extensions that will again anonymise your IP address. |
194,368 | I need to view the Google music, but that is restricted in our country. Can I access it using any other fake IP address or how to view that? | 2010/09/30 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/194368",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/-1/"
] | Try the VPN providers [Hotspot Shield](http://hotspotshield.com/) or [HTTP-Tunnel](http://www.http-tunnel.com/html/).
As VPN-based solutions, in addition to changing your IP address they also encrypt your Web traffic, so that the local authorities cannot intercept it.
Both providers have free and paid accounts, where the paid ones are faster of course. | Try [UltraSurf](http://www.ultrareach.com/). It's a speedy proxy that works like magic. With a one or two clicks you'll get a new IP address. |
194,368 | I need to view the Google music, but that is restricted in our country. Can I access it using any other fake IP address or how to view that? | 2010/09/30 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/194368",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/-1/"
] | You need a [proxy](http://www.olxads.com). You will not change your IP address, you will tell another computer to get the web page for you. You will not be able to chose you IP address, the computer sees, but you can chose the country. Web sites like <http://www.samair.ru/proxy/> will give IP address of a proxy server. After you have the IP address you need to tell your web browser to use it. In IE click on tools Internet options then click on connections tab. Click on LAN settings. Check use a proxy server and enter the IP address. | Try [UltraSurf](http://www.ultrareach.com/). It's a speedy proxy that works like magic. With a one or two clicks you'll get a new IP address. |
194,368 | I need to view the Google music, but that is restricted in our country. Can I access it using any other fake IP address or how to view that? | 2010/09/30 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/194368",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/-1/"
] | Try the VPN providers [Hotspot Shield](http://hotspotshield.com/) or [HTTP-Tunnel](http://www.http-tunnel.com/html/).
As VPN-based solutions, in addition to changing your IP address they also encrypt your Web traffic, so that the local authorities cannot intercept it.
Both providers have free and paid accounts, where the paid ones are faster of course. | [Spotflux](http://spotflux.com/) provides a managed and trusted connection to the internet that immediately reacts to and protects against emerging threats and unwanted tracking that affect mobile devices and desktop computers.
[Mediahint](https://mediahint.com/) is an extension for the Chrome & Firefox web browsers, that will anonymise your IP address (no configuration necessary).
[Hola Unblocker](http://hola.org/) is available for Android, Apple Mac, Windows as well as Chrome & Firefox extensions that will again anonymise your IP address. |
194,368 | I need to view the Google music, but that is restricted in our country. Can I access it using any other fake IP address or how to view that? | 2010/09/30 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/194368",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/-1/"
] | You need a [proxy](http://www.olxads.com). You will not change your IP address, you will tell another computer to get the web page for you. You will not be able to chose you IP address, the computer sees, but you can chose the country. Web sites like <http://www.samair.ru/proxy/> will give IP address of a proxy server. After you have the IP address you need to tell your web browser to use it. In IE click on tools Internet options then click on connections tab. Click on LAN settings. Check use a proxy server and enter the IP address. | [Spotflux](http://spotflux.com/) provides a managed and trusted connection to the internet that immediately reacts to and protects against emerging threats and unwanted tracking that affect mobile devices and desktop computers.
[Mediahint](https://mediahint.com/) is an extension for the Chrome & Firefox web browsers, that will anonymise your IP address (no configuration necessary).
[Hola Unblocker](http://hola.org/) is available for Android, Apple Mac, Windows as well as Chrome & Firefox extensions that will again anonymise your IP address. |
158,639 | Well I have been THE junior developer in a small team for several years. Now, there is a new fresh graduate so I have become the not-so-junior-developer and have been asked to mentor him.
But I have no idea what to do since I have always been kind of a "figure-things-out-on-my-own" person and didn't receive much mentoring.
So, what do you need to do when mentoring a new graduate? | 2012/07/29 | [
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/158639",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/users/60351/"
] | A lot of these items are similar for anyone new to the team, not just a new college graduate.
Introduce the new team member to your team's:
* code versioning system
* code style standards
* work item / defect tracking systems
* general project layout and structure
* SDLC approach and documentation
* system documentation (whatever it may be)
* other members, and give an overview of their knowledge domains
Help them get their workstation setup and configured with the standard packages that your team uses. Help them pull down a copy of the source that they may be working on.
Set up some times to meet every other day for a few weeks and then start spacing out those meetings. The idea is to help them get up to speed with their assignments and point them in the right direction.
During those meetings go over the things that are necessary for team development but don't get emphasized as much in college. Adherence to code standards (and why); documentation of design; updates within your work item tracking system; etc..
At a very broad level, think of the basic things you need on a day to day basis and help them get started with those. Then follow through and make sure that you help show the way as the particulars come up with their first assignments. | I would explain, both in summary and in detail, the full domain of the system
I've worked on systems where I had no idea what the system was supposed to do, and also no context for where the system fitted in with other systems. While I expect my job to involve reverse engineering, some context goes a long way to ease the process
Those were systems where the staff would expertly only reveal slightly less than the minimum amount of information to get any one particular task done (probably for their own job security) |
152,485 | Inspired by this question - [What types of boarding pass barcodes are accepted at Stockholm Arlanda Airport?](https://travel.stackexchange.com/questions/152482/what-types-of-boarding-pass-barcodes-are-accepted-at-stockholm-arlanda-airport)
Is it allowed by airports and airlines to use anything but the official .pdf they provide or the official mobile app of the airline? For some reason I feel like there would at least be a few raised eyebrows if something not so official was shown at the gate but would still have a barcode/QR code that their scanning device would recognise. There were a number of times I gave my phone to the agent at the gate, and a number of times the agent didn't just scan the barcode but also looked at the information on the phone with their eyes too (a few people below gave even more examples in the comments too).
So this is two-fold, considering both going through security (which is probably the easiest as nobody there takes your phone or looks at it) and going through the gate to board the plane (where it can be taken to scan and/or looked at with eyes). And any other extra checks that sometimes may happen as well. | 2020/01/20 | [
"https://travel.stackexchange.com/questions/152485",
"https://travel.stackexchange.com",
"https://travel.stackexchange.com/users/42483/"
] | I think your question is flawed because what is important is the content of the barcode itself rather than how that barcode is rendered on your device. In fact, the TSA (in the US) or person at the gate never sees the application when I place my phone face down on the scanner - all they see is if the barcode contains data that correlates with their internal systems and hence enables you to pass through that particular checkpoint.
In my case the barcode is rendered via Apple's Wallet application, so it is neither the airlines original PDF of the barcode nor the airlines application.
I'm not sure that this is done in the barcode age, but there used to be a website that allowed you to generate fake paper boarding passes that would get you past the TSA checkpoints. Of course, I don't expect that they would get you on a plane, but I think that the idea was to avoid being tracked by the TSA or some such. | As a general rule, for any company, I would say no! You can't just bring the barcode in any situation. There are several companies that explicitly don't allow this.
Although in theory fine - as others have mentioned - the content in the barcode is the relevant data, you shouldn't use another app unless you're absolutely sure the company accepts it.
A notable case is Ryanair. They will only accept your e-ticket if in their own app.
This can happen for several reasons:
**Commercial reasons**
Making sure you use their app gives them the chance to cross-sell or upsell stuff to you. Having their app installed is always an advantage to any company
**Operational reasons**
Although the content of your ticket is in the barcode having the ticket with the relevant information printed can still be important. In the case of system failure, they can still look at your data. In some situations, it's faster (and cheaper) to do a visual inspection in an e-ticket rather than reading the bar-code. |
152,485 | Inspired by this question - [What types of boarding pass barcodes are accepted at Stockholm Arlanda Airport?](https://travel.stackexchange.com/questions/152482/what-types-of-boarding-pass-barcodes-are-accepted-at-stockholm-arlanda-airport)
Is it allowed by airports and airlines to use anything but the official .pdf they provide or the official mobile app of the airline? For some reason I feel like there would at least be a few raised eyebrows if something not so official was shown at the gate but would still have a barcode/QR code that their scanning device would recognise. There were a number of times I gave my phone to the agent at the gate, and a number of times the agent didn't just scan the barcode but also looked at the information on the phone with their eyes too (a few people below gave even more examples in the comments too).
So this is two-fold, considering both going through security (which is probably the easiest as nobody there takes your phone or looks at it) and going through the gate to board the plane (where it can be taken to scan and/or looked at with eyes). And any other extra checks that sometimes may happen as well. | 2020/01/20 | [
"https://travel.stackexchange.com/questions/152485",
"https://travel.stackexchange.com",
"https://travel.stackexchange.com/users/42483/"
] | The significance of the barcode lies in the encoded data. If you create a copy of the barcode, it will encode the same data, so it should be acceptable. If you create your own barcode, you will not know what data to encode in it, so it will not be acceptable. | As a general rule, for any company, I would say no! You can't just bring the barcode in any situation. There are several companies that explicitly don't allow this.
Although in theory fine - as others have mentioned - the content in the barcode is the relevant data, you shouldn't use another app unless you're absolutely sure the company accepts it.
A notable case is Ryanair. They will only accept your e-ticket if in their own app.
This can happen for several reasons:
**Commercial reasons**
Making sure you use their app gives them the chance to cross-sell or upsell stuff to you. Having their app installed is always an advantage to any company
**Operational reasons**
Although the content of your ticket is in the barcode having the ticket with the relevant information printed can still be important. In the case of system failure, they can still look at your data. In some situations, it's faster (and cheaper) to do a visual inspection in an e-ticket rather than reading the bar-code. |
152,485 | Inspired by this question - [What types of boarding pass barcodes are accepted at Stockholm Arlanda Airport?](https://travel.stackexchange.com/questions/152482/what-types-of-boarding-pass-barcodes-are-accepted-at-stockholm-arlanda-airport)
Is it allowed by airports and airlines to use anything but the official .pdf they provide or the official mobile app of the airline? For some reason I feel like there would at least be a few raised eyebrows if something not so official was shown at the gate but would still have a barcode/QR code that their scanning device would recognise. There were a number of times I gave my phone to the agent at the gate, and a number of times the agent didn't just scan the barcode but also looked at the information on the phone with their eyes too (a few people below gave even more examples in the comments too).
So this is two-fold, considering both going through security (which is probably the easiest as nobody there takes your phone or looks at it) and going through the gate to board the plane (where it can be taken to scan and/or looked at with eyes). And any other extra checks that sometimes may happen as well. | 2020/01/20 | [
"https://travel.stackexchange.com/questions/152485",
"https://travel.stackexchange.com",
"https://travel.stackexchange.com/users/42483/"
] | The general rule is that if the airport allows for e-Tickets or mobile boarding passes it's fine. If not, and only paper boarding passes are, scanning the barcode and using your phone can cause some trouble.
If the airport and airline are using BCBP (Bar Coded Boarding Pass) then you can modify the boarding pass as much as you want, if you keep the barcode data intact. You can switch from a paper boarding pass with a PDF417 barcode to a phone app with a Data Matrix if you want.
If the airport only uses paper boarding passes then you most likely can't modify the boarding pass at all and you have to use the boarding pass made for you.
If you're unsure if the paper copy is needed - keep it¨(especially if flying with a low cost carrier like Wizz Air). Also, if you're able to have your boarding pass in your phone, don't worry about battery level - once past security you should be able to board the plane using just your passport, or in some cases your ID/drivers license.
---
*This is from my experience and there could be exceptions.* | As a general rule, for any company, I would say no! You can't just bring the barcode in any situation. There are several companies that explicitly don't allow this.
Although in theory fine - as others have mentioned - the content in the barcode is the relevant data, you shouldn't use another app unless you're absolutely sure the company accepts it.
A notable case is Ryanair. They will only accept your e-ticket if in their own app.
This can happen for several reasons:
**Commercial reasons**
Making sure you use their app gives them the chance to cross-sell or upsell stuff to you. Having their app installed is always an advantage to any company
**Operational reasons**
Although the content of your ticket is in the barcode having the ticket with the relevant information printed can still be important. In the case of system failure, they can still look at your data. In some situations, it's faster (and cheaper) to do a visual inspection in an e-ticket rather than reading the bar-code. |
9,311,909 | After looking into performance slowness on one of our production SQL Server databases. This is an OLTP databases that unfortunately is also having some heavy analytic queries from time to time and after investigation I would like to make some index changes. I also have a physical test server that is identical to the production where I could restore the production db for stress testing purpose.
Can someone recommend a tool or a method on how I could capture the workload on production for a day or two and then replay that on test system with and without my changes and then compare the difference.
Thanks in advance! | 2012/02/16 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/9311909",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1199509/"
] | You can also look at the [Distributed Replay Utility](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff878183%28SQL.110%29.aspx), which you can get in [SQL Server 2012 RC0](http://www.microsoft.com/download/en/details.aspx?id=28145) (or wait until RTM). In addition to being able to replay a trace, it does so more accurately than Profiler - e.g. it can try to synchronize your replay against SQL Server from multiple machines,like your actual workload probably happened (much more realistic than Profiler which can only do so from a single machine). | You can use the SQL Server Profiler to capture a workload. Have a look [here](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms190957.aspx). |
1,112,593 | Which WinAPI method or interface I can use to enumerate the interfaces, properties, methods(and parameters) of a COM Object programmatically? | 2009/07/11 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1112593",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/91299/"
] | You need to be more specific. There are two ways to interpret your question.
One is that you have a COM *component* (e.g. some library), and you want to programmatically enumerate interfaces/properties/methods of that. Usually (but not always), COM components come with a type library that contains full metainformation about all this - it's either embedded into the COM .exe or .dll, or is a separate .tlb file. In any case, if the COM component is properly registered in the system (e.g. using regsvr32), then COM provides a standard API to retrieve that type information, centered around [ITypeLib](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms221549.aspx) and [ITypeInfo](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms221696.aspx) interfaces.
Another interpretation is that you get a reference to a particular COM *object*, and you need to enumerate all methods/properties on that and/or invoke them by computed name, like Java or C# reflection, or Delphi RTTI. If so, then it is only possible if the COM object implements [IDispatch](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms221608.aspx) interface, which allows you to do all of the above. | Well, COM objects are referenced through interfaces, which are opaque abstractions by design. You can't get at the underlying object without some black magic that will only work if you have a really good knowledge of the low-level details of the Delphi object model and the object was actually written in Delphi.
About the best you can do is examine the interface declaration itself, which will give you all the available information in its methods and properties. |
1,112,593 | Which WinAPI method or interface I can use to enumerate the interfaces, properties, methods(and parameters) of a COM Object programmatically? | 2009/07/11 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1112593",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/91299/"
] | You need to be more specific. There are two ways to interpret your question.
One is that you have a COM *component* (e.g. some library), and you want to programmatically enumerate interfaces/properties/methods of that. Usually (but not always), COM components come with a type library that contains full metainformation about all this - it's either embedded into the COM .exe or .dll, or is a separate .tlb file. In any case, if the COM component is properly registered in the system (e.g. using regsvr32), then COM provides a standard API to retrieve that type information, centered around [ITypeLib](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms221549.aspx) and [ITypeInfo](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms221696.aspx) interfaces.
Another interpretation is that you get a reference to a particular COM *object*, and you need to enumerate all methods/properties on that and/or invoke them by computed name, like Java or C# reflection, or Delphi RTTI. If so, then it is only possible if the COM object implements [IDispatch](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms221608.aspx) interface, which allows you to do all of the above. | I assume you want a list of all interfaces that will successfully QueryInterface. The answer is there's no intrinsic way in COM to do this. Some interfaces themselves provide this functionality like IServiceProvider. |
1,112,593 | Which WinAPI method or interface I can use to enumerate the interfaces, properties, methods(and parameters) of a COM Object programmatically? | 2009/07/11 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1112593",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/91299/"
] | You need to be more specific. There are two ways to interpret your question.
One is that you have a COM *component* (e.g. some library), and you want to programmatically enumerate interfaces/properties/methods of that. Usually (but not always), COM components come with a type library that contains full metainformation about all this - it's either embedded into the COM .exe or .dll, or is a separate .tlb file. In any case, if the COM component is properly registered in the system (e.g. using regsvr32), then COM provides a standard API to retrieve that type information, centered around [ITypeLib](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms221549.aspx) and [ITypeInfo](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms221696.aspx) interfaces.
Another interpretation is that you get a reference to a particular COM *object*, and you need to enumerate all methods/properties on that and/or invoke them by computed name, like Java or C# reflection, or Delphi RTTI. If so, then it is only possible if the COM object implements [IDispatch](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms221608.aspx) interface, which allows you to do all of the above. | You can get at everything you want from the registry, however this will take some time as the information is not ordered in such a way to give you the information you want without first analyzing most of it. If you download the utility OLEVIEW32 from the Microsoft platform SDK (available on MSDN) you can use it to explore the COM interfaces registered on the machine.
The fundamentals of COM work through the interfaces registered in the registry, under the HKEY CLASSES ROOT\CLSID. When you ask for a specific com object, it resolves to one of these guids, which in turn looks at the InprocServer32 section under this guid to determine what DLL/EXE to load, and what threading model to use. You could use this information to build a map of guids which also resolve to the same DLL (this is to get the classes)
In HKEY CLASSES ROOT\Interface is a link to all of the interfaces registered in the system. Again, its time to play lookup since much of this information is just pointers to another key, or type library. What IS here however and is useful is a list of GUID -> InterfaceName (default property of each guid).
In HKEY CLASSES ROOT\TypeLib is a link to all of the type libraries registered in the system. |
45 | I've been using VMWare to simulate a simple LAN (a DC and several workstations hosted on a single machine). The LAN will be used as a test environment for software that is currently in development.
Although the current requirement is simply to provide a virtual LAN, it would be ideal if we could also simulate various problems that might be encountered in the wild.
I've used VMWare simply because I don't know of any alternatives.
Can you recommend alternatives? | 2009/04/30 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/45",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/56/"
] | Slightly tangential, but if you want a virtual router to throw in there, check out [vyatta](http://www.vyatta.org). It's an opensource router platform, and there's a VMWare image you can download.
If you want alternatives to using VMWare, you could consider a Xen based system such as Citrix Xenserver (which is free, unlimited use) or Virtual Iron (some free/restricted versions). | The [Emulab](http://www.emulab.net/) project at the University of Utah was made for this very purpose. With it you can create networks using and test your software on actual hardware. |
45 | I've been using VMWare to simulate a simple LAN (a DC and several workstations hosted on a single machine). The LAN will be used as a test environment for software that is currently in development.
Although the current requirement is simply to provide a virtual LAN, it would be ideal if we could also simulate various problems that might be encountered in the wild.
I've used VMWare simply because I don't know of any alternatives.
Can you recommend alternatives? | 2009/04/30 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/45",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/56/"
] | You didn't state which VMware product you were using but VMware ESXi is free and it will give you the ability to create very complex networks - DMZ's, multiple VLAN's and it will support up to four virtual Nics per VM. On an ESXi host you can create up to 127 virtual switches each with up to 1016 virtual Nics and up to 4096 Port Groups (VLANs) per ESXi host. This should allow you to build almost any LAN scale environment you may need to replicate although you will almost certainly max out on the number of VM's that you can run on a single ESXi host before you max out most of those limits. On its own ESXi (or ESX) wont allow you to directly replicate things like intermittent packet loss, networking issues related to routing problems (these are switches not routers) and latency but you can build VM's into your design that will allow you to replicate those issues if you want to go that far. | For Linux, they are Net:Netem who can simulate packet loss, etc.
>
> netem provides Network Emulation functionality for testing protocols by emulating the properties of wide area networks. The current version emulates variable delay, loss, duplication and re-ordering.
>
>
> |
45 | I've been using VMWare to simulate a simple LAN (a DC and several workstations hosted on a single machine). The LAN will be used as a test environment for software that is currently in development.
Although the current requirement is simply to provide a virtual LAN, it would be ideal if we could also simulate various problems that might be encountered in the wild.
I've used VMWare simply because I don't know of any alternatives.
Can you recommend alternatives? | 2009/04/30 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/45",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/56/"
] | Check out [WANEM - The Wide Area Network Emulator](http://wanem.sourceforge.net/). It's a utility available as a bootable iso or a VMware appliance. It can simulate various network characteristics (bandwidth, rtt, packet loss/reordering/corruption, jitter, etc) by setting the parameters in a simple web interface and routing your traffic through it. I used it myself to simulate/optimize network traffic between Germany to India - but in my local test environment. | The [Emulab](http://www.emulab.net/) project at the University of Utah was made for this very purpose. With it you can create networks using and test your software on actual hardware. |
45 | I've been using VMWare to simulate a simple LAN (a DC and several workstations hosted on a single machine). The LAN will be used as a test environment for software that is currently in development.
Although the current requirement is simply to provide a virtual LAN, it would be ideal if we could also simulate various problems that might be encountered in the wild.
I've used VMWare simply because I don't know of any alternatives.
Can you recommend alternatives? | 2009/04/30 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/45",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/56/"
] | VMWare is a very strong solution. You should look at creating a team in VMWare Workstation to bring up your mini LAN.
This tends to mimic reality very well and can be reconfigured on the fly.
Unless you have something very strange in mind, VMWare workstation can help you simulate just about anything a real LAN could encounter. | You didn't state which VMware product you were using but VMware ESXi is free and it will give you the ability to create very complex networks - DMZ's, multiple VLAN's and it will support up to four virtual Nics per VM. On an ESXi host you can create up to 127 virtual switches each with up to 1016 virtual Nics and up to 4096 Port Groups (VLANs) per ESXi host. This should allow you to build almost any LAN scale environment you may need to replicate although you will almost certainly max out on the number of VM's that you can run on a single ESXi host before you max out most of those limits. On its own ESXi (or ESX) wont allow you to directly replicate things like intermittent packet loss, networking issues related to routing problems (these are switches not routers) and latency but you can build VM's into your design that will allow you to replicate those issues if you want to go that far. |
45 | I've been using VMWare to simulate a simple LAN (a DC and several workstations hosted on a single machine). The LAN will be used as a test environment for software that is currently in development.
Although the current requirement is simply to provide a virtual LAN, it would be ideal if we could also simulate various problems that might be encountered in the wild.
I've used VMWare simply because I don't know of any alternatives.
Can you recommend alternatives? | 2009/04/30 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/45",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/56/"
] | Slightly tangential, but if you want a virtual router to throw in there, check out [vyatta](http://www.vyatta.org). It's an opensource router platform, and there's a VMWare image you can download.
If you want alternatives to using VMWare, you could consider a Xen based system such as Citrix Xenserver (which is free, unlimited use) or Virtual Iron (some free/restricted versions). | For Linux, they are Net:Netem who can simulate packet loss, etc.
>
> netem provides Network Emulation functionality for testing protocols by emulating the properties of wide area networks. The current version emulates variable delay, loss, duplication and re-ordering.
>
>
> |
45 | I've been using VMWare to simulate a simple LAN (a DC and several workstations hosted on a single machine). The LAN will be used as a test environment for software that is currently in development.
Although the current requirement is simply to provide a virtual LAN, it would be ideal if we could also simulate various problems that might be encountered in the wild.
I've used VMWare simply because I don't know of any alternatives.
Can you recommend alternatives? | 2009/04/30 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/45",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/56/"
] | Check out [WANEM - The Wide Area Network Emulator](http://wanem.sourceforge.net/). It's a utility available as a bootable iso or a VMware appliance. It can simulate various network characteristics (bandwidth, rtt, packet loss/reordering/corruption, jitter, etc) by setting the parameters in a simple web interface and routing your traffic through it. I used it myself to simulate/optimize network traffic between Germany to India - but in my local test environment. | You didn't state which VMware product you were using but VMware ESXi is free and it will give you the ability to create very complex networks - DMZ's, multiple VLAN's and it will support up to four virtual Nics per VM. On an ESXi host you can create up to 127 virtual switches each with up to 1016 virtual Nics and up to 4096 Port Groups (VLANs) per ESXi host. This should allow you to build almost any LAN scale environment you may need to replicate although you will almost certainly max out on the number of VM's that you can run on a single ESXi host before you max out most of those limits. On its own ESXi (or ESX) wont allow you to directly replicate things like intermittent packet loss, networking issues related to routing problems (these are switches not routers) and latency but you can build VM's into your design that will allow you to replicate those issues if you want to go that far. |
45 | I've been using VMWare to simulate a simple LAN (a DC and several workstations hosted on a single machine). The LAN will be used as a test environment for software that is currently in development.
Although the current requirement is simply to provide a virtual LAN, it would be ideal if we could also simulate various problems that might be encountered in the wild.
I've used VMWare simply because I don't know of any alternatives.
Can you recommend alternatives? | 2009/04/30 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/45",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/56/"
] | VMWare is a very strong solution. You should look at creating a team in VMWare Workstation to bring up your mini LAN.
This tends to mimic reality very well and can be reconfigured on the fly.
Unless you have something very strange in mind, VMWare workstation can help you simulate just about anything a real LAN could encounter. | [virtualBox](http://www.virtualbox.org/). free, excellent, many forms of networks that you can build with it. |
45 | I've been using VMWare to simulate a simple LAN (a DC and several workstations hosted on a single machine). The LAN will be used as a test environment for software that is currently in development.
Although the current requirement is simply to provide a virtual LAN, it would be ideal if we could also simulate various problems that might be encountered in the wild.
I've used VMWare simply because I don't know of any alternatives.
Can you recommend alternatives? | 2009/04/30 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/45",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/56/"
] | Check out [WANEM - The Wide Area Network Emulator](http://wanem.sourceforge.net/). It's a utility available as a bootable iso or a VMware appliance. It can simulate various network characteristics (bandwidth, rtt, packet loss/reordering/corruption, jitter, etc) by setting the parameters in a simple web interface and routing your traffic through it. I used it myself to simulate/optimize network traffic between Germany to India - but in my local test environment. | For Linux, they are Net:Netem who can simulate packet loss, etc.
>
> netem provides Network Emulation functionality for testing protocols by emulating the properties of wide area networks. The current version emulates variable delay, loss, duplication and re-ordering.
>
>
> |
45 | I've been using VMWare to simulate a simple LAN (a DC and several workstations hosted on a single machine). The LAN will be used as a test environment for software that is currently in development.
Although the current requirement is simply to provide a virtual LAN, it would be ideal if we could also simulate various problems that might be encountered in the wild.
I've used VMWare simply because I don't know of any alternatives.
Can you recommend alternatives? | 2009/04/30 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/45",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/56/"
] | Check out [WANEM - The Wide Area Network Emulator](http://wanem.sourceforge.net/). It's a utility available as a bootable iso or a VMware appliance. It can simulate various network characteristics (bandwidth, rtt, packet loss/reordering/corruption, jitter, etc) by setting the parameters in a simple web interface and routing your traffic through it. I used it myself to simulate/optimize network traffic between Germany to India - but in my local test environment. | [virtualBox](http://www.virtualbox.org/). free, excellent, many forms of networks that you can build with it. |
45 | I've been using VMWare to simulate a simple LAN (a DC and several workstations hosted on a single machine). The LAN will be used as a test environment for software that is currently in development.
Although the current requirement is simply to provide a virtual LAN, it would be ideal if we could also simulate various problems that might be encountered in the wild.
I've used VMWare simply because I don't know of any alternatives.
Can you recommend alternatives? | 2009/04/30 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/45",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/56/"
] | If you're running cisco equipment, you can use [GNS3](http://www.gns3.net/) in conjunction with VMWare to build even more complicated networks. | OpenSolaris and its project [crossbow](http://www.opensolaris.com/learn/features/networking/networkcrossbow/). |
58,924,497 | I've resorted to stackoverflow becase AWS doesn't provide technical support for free tiers.
Someone reported an issue using httpx, the ruby HTTP client library I maintain: <https://gitlab.com/honeyryderchuck/httpx/issues/64>
The report came after a recent upgrade to improve HTTP/2 spec compliance in the parser. Although the library now passes the h2spec, there seem to be legitimate issues requesting from cloudfront, due to an apparent part of the spec they don't seem to comply with: when a flow control window over 2 \*\* 31 - 1 is advertised, the sender must not allow it and return a flow control error.
Is it correct? | 2019/11/18 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/58924497",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1396395/"
] | Figured this out, a few pages deep in the documentation.
REST web services need to be enabled on the account first.
<https://netsuite.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/87117>
1. Setup > Company > Enable Features (Setup Tasks)
2. Click "Suite Cloud" tab
3. Scroll to "SuiteTalk (Web Services)" section.
4. Tick "REST WEB SERVICES (BETA)" and accept the T&Cs.
You also need to be a user with REST Web Services and SuiteAnalytics Workbook permissions.
Administrator already has these, but if you need to add them:
1. Go to Setup > Users/Roles > User Management > Manage Users.
2. Locate the role you want to modify. Click the corresponding Edit or Customize link.
3. On the Permissions subtab, click Setup.
4. In the Permission list, select REST Web Services.
5. In the Level list, select Full.
6. Click Add.
7. On the Permissions subtab, click Reports.
8. In the Permission list, select SuiteAnalytics Workbook.
9. In the Level list, select Full.
10. Click Add.
11. Click Save.
Once all that is done, when you go to <https://[accountID].app.netsuite.com/app/external/integration/integrationDownloadPage.nl>
you will see a link to **NetSuiteRestApiSampleRequests.zip** - which contains the postman collection. | If it still doesn't work try to put a tick on WEB SERVICES ONLY ROLE
Setup > Users\Roles > Manage Users >
Find the current role that you want to give access to and Save.
After entering ID of your account on that current role - you will see another folder with NetSuite REST API Sample Requests name. |
36,607 | I am using [Micromax Canvas 2 A110](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micromax_Canvas_2_A110) with [Android ICS 4.0.4](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_version_history#Android_4.0.x_Ice_Cream_Sandwich). I installed few apps which are sorted randomly (or maybe alphabetically). I want to arrange the icons on the app menu manually. i.e. set frequently used apps on one page, games on second page and so on... I could not find any option to re-arrange them manually.
So, how do I arrange the icons manually in the app menu (app drawer)? I want to do this on ICS's default launcher (not third party launcher).
PS: [This question](https://android.stackexchange.com/q/9260/15857) is for **auto** arrange while I want manually. | 2013/01/01 | [
"https://android.stackexchange.com/questions/36607",
"https://android.stackexchange.com",
"https://android.stackexchange.com/users/15857/"
] | Well, As @ [Izzy said](https://android.stackexchange.com/questions/36607/how-do-i-arrange-the-icons-manually-in-the-app-menu#comment47823_36607), it *is* the **app drawer**. That's the place where all your installed app icons shown.
So, about your problem, there are two ways you can solve it. You can either go to a third party app like [Izzy said](https://android.stackexchange.com/questions/36607/how-do-i-arrange-the-icons-manually-in-the-app-menu#comment47823_36607) or customize your stock app drawer (which comes originally with your phone.
[GO Launcher EX](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.gau.go.launcherex), [AppDrawer (MIUI App Drawer)](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=JakedUp.AppDrawer&hl=en) and [Color App Drawer PRO](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=pro.smult.rainbowdrawer&hl=en) are good apps.
On the other hand you can find the sort icon in your app drawer (the green arrow) and select *Own order*. With that, you can arrange your app icons as you wish. You are allowed any number of drawer shelves (pages in the app drawer). | Using Android 4.1.x-
Go to the all apps screen(not the home screen).
Hit the menu button and choose "edit".
Press and hold the application icon you wish to relocate/edit/rearrange.
Dragging the icon to the extreme right or left sides of the screen switch to the next/previous tiles.
Hope this helps :o) |
6,482 | I’m relatively new to iot and I'm looking for ways to send a binary signal from a tiny sensor (size of a coin) to the cloud through a wireless setting.
Basically, sensors would emit a simple binary signal (0 or 1) at regular interval (say once a day, or once a week).
Once the sensor goes from 0 to 1 it stays in that position forever. (I'm just looking for the activation and the date of when it happens).
Additionally, each of these sensors would be identifies with a unique ID.
so the data gather through the sensors would look like this =>
DATE | SENSOR\_ID | STATUS (0/1)
Environment:
Sensors are meant to be positioned within a household environment, presumably with a close access to internet, WifI, wireless connections, bluetooth, etc…
Battery:
I think the battery is not so much of an issue because of the limited amount of data to be sent by the sensor (just a binary 0/1) and the low frequency (once a day).
Besides, sensors have an average life span of only 2/3 months. (no recharge needed)
Connection settings:
Ideally, I'd like to have a very limited manual setup for the connection to be required (none if possible).
Questions:
What processes or existing protocols could be used to receive the signal from these sensor and upload it to the cloud ?
What type of signal would work best in that scenario ? (radio / wifi / bluetooth or any other format) ?
Thank you very much for your help | 2022/11/30 | [
"https://iot.stackexchange.com/questions/6482",
"https://iot.stackexchange.com",
"https://iot.stackexchange.com/users/18070/"
] | 1. Yes, pretty much correct.
2. An outdoor antenna (but well protected and perfectly aligned) with an indoor gateway will be the perfect choice. Because you want to keep your sensitive devices away from dust and wireless communication doesn't like any obstacles.
3. I understand your though situation but unfortunately there's no such "Apple" for industrial IoT. I suggest you to create very detailed documentation, videos, troubleshoot etc. for "non-technical" technicians. But I strongly suggest a well trained technician in place.
4. Now we come to the "depens on" part :) So it depends on where you are, where do you need (country)?, how many of them do you need in short-term/long-term?, what are your acceptance criteria's (working temperature, ip code, connectivity etc.)
5. You may choose an open source platform for your prototype, like [mainflux](https://github.com/mainflux/mainflux). Then you can choose a cloud IoT provider if it's possible, or maybe build your own.
Good luck! | To add to H. Sinan Alioglu answer, you may have to adapt your architecture depending on the impact "*(semi) reliable internet connection*" could have to your application.
If the Lorawan network server is cloud-based, when the connection between gateway and network server (called "backhaul" in Lorawan parlance) is interrupted all the data sent by devices will simply be lost until the internet is back. If your application accepts to lose some packets each day, maybe this is not a problem, but keep in mind that the gateway will not "store and forward" the data.
If the application is not compatible with losing data when the backhaul goes down, then you should use *local* network servers (so a network server in each gateway, with each gateway covering a separate village), some local storage of data, and a store-and-forward mechanism you will have to put in place to do synchronization between the systems installed in the field and a cloud where you'll aggregate the data.
FYI, there are "all in one" gateways on the market that do local aggregation, compression and use satellite backhaul, they might be the easier solution if your budget allows it: <https://lora-alliance.org/lora_products/hiber-global-lorawan-gateway/> or <https://lora-alliance.org/lora_products/portal/> |
327,983 | I want to make an educational Instagram post and don't know how to end it with a short phrase in the last picture. So I wrote 'Good luck!' but I'm not sure about its tone. It's good in terms of length but I think it might be considered as passive-aggressive or just weird.
Btw, how you can end an instagram post? 'Thanks for watching' or 'for reading'? Is there a short traditional phrase? | 2022/11/24 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/327983",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/164952/"
] | Usually, "good luck" is used to wish someone success with something. If you were teaching how to make a pie, for example, then saying "good luck" might make sense: you are wishing them success with following your directions. As @Lazar Đorđević said in a comment, it can also be used sarcastically, as if to say "you will need extraordinary amounts of luck in order to be successful with this." Both meanings are listed in [this page from Merriam-Webster](https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/good%20luck).
However, this phrase can also sound out of place if used in a context where there is nothing to wish success for. For example, if you end a video explaining some science topic with "good luck", people will think "good luck *with what*?" In that case, "thanks for watching" is something I've seen on YouTube, but I don't use Instagram so I don't know if it's used there. | No, it is not considered passive aggressive, because you are encouraging them. |
327,983 | I want to make an educational Instagram post and don't know how to end it with a short phrase in the last picture. So I wrote 'Good luck!' but I'm not sure about its tone. It's good in terms of length but I think it might be considered as passive-aggressive or just weird.
Btw, how you can end an instagram post? 'Thanks for watching' or 'for reading'? Is there a short traditional phrase? | 2022/11/24 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/327983",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/164952/"
] | Usually, "good luck" is used to wish someone success with something. If you were teaching how to make a pie, for example, then saying "good luck" might make sense: you are wishing them success with following your directions. As @Lazar Đorđević said in a comment, it can also be used sarcastically, as if to say "you will need extraordinary amounts of luck in order to be successful with this." Both meanings are listed in [this page from Merriam-Webster](https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/good%20luck).
However, this phrase can also sound out of place if used in a context where there is nothing to wish success for. For example, if you end a video explaining some science topic with "good luck", people will think "good luck *with what*?" In that case, "thanks for watching" is something I've seen on YouTube, but I don't use Instagram so I don't know if it's used there. | "Good luck!" - like other forms of well-wishing e.g. "Have a good time", "Have a nice day", "I hope it works out" - is not considered passive-aggressive, unless there's some other factor in play, e.g. some pre-existing hostility. "Good luck with that" is different: it's generally used to indicate extreme skepticism about the possibility of success - "you want to convince world leaders to renounce state-sponsored violence as a means to solve political problems? Good luck with that!" |
327,983 | I want to make an educational Instagram post and don't know how to end it with a short phrase in the last picture. So I wrote 'Good luck!' but I'm not sure about its tone. It's good in terms of length but I think it might be considered as passive-aggressive or just weird.
Btw, how you can end an instagram post? 'Thanks for watching' or 'for reading'? Is there a short traditional phrase? | 2022/11/24 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/327983",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/164952/"
] | "Good luck!" - like other forms of well-wishing e.g. "Have a good time", "Have a nice day", "I hope it works out" - is not considered passive-aggressive, unless there's some other factor in play, e.g. some pre-existing hostility. "Good luck with that" is different: it's generally used to indicate extreme skepticism about the possibility of success - "you want to convince world leaders to renounce state-sponsored violence as a means to solve political problems? Good luck with that!" | No, it is not considered passive aggressive, because you are encouraging them. |
54,131 | With respect to bimolecular substitution and bimolecular elimination reactions, both electron delocalization and polarizability have an analogous effect on a species, making them good leaving groups.
For example I- is a good leaving group since its negative charge is spread out over a large area.
Also, the tosylate ion is a good leaving group because of electron delocalization where its electrons are spread out over a large area due to resonance stabilization.
However, the analogy seems to break down when considering their nucleophilicity in aprotic media, I- is a good nucleophile and tosylate is not.
Is there a fundamental problem of the analogy between polarizability and electron delocalization? | 2016/06/24 | [
"https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/54131",
"https://chemistry.stackexchange.com",
"https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/users/1358/"
] | TL;DR: Nucleophilicity is primarily a kinetic phenomena. Leaving group ability is a thermodynamic phenomena.
The stabilization of an anion by delocalization of charge means that the resulting products will have lower energies than alternate situations. In accordance with the Hammond postulate (a few logical steps skipped), transition state barriers with low energy products will be smaller than those with higher energy products.
However, for a bimolecular reaction to occur, the molecule must have 'proper collision speed and orientation'. Diffuse charges (over multiple atoms) generally make this more difficult. This extra facet of the of the geometry of the transition state is why the equivalent stability argument does not apply to both leaving group ability and nucleophilicity. | Nucleophilicity of a chemical species depends on the 'availability' of charge on the nucleophile. As you pointed out, acetates are bad nucleophiles. This is because the negative charge is delocalised over the 3 centres (O-C-O) and not readily available to any electrophile.
I- is a good nucleophile since it is spherical and polarisable, the charge being available.
The concepts of delocalisation and polarisability are independent from each other and any resemblance in a particular situation should be treated as coincidental and not read into too much. |
8,918,642 | In the iphone game "Tiny Tower", I'm guessing it uses some kind of simulation based on the time spent between the last play and the current time, because you can set the current time forward and you will get the benefit from the fake elapsed time span.
Is there an algorithm that I can use to prevent this sort of thing? (Or at least make it difficult enough for the average user to pull off!)
Edit: thanks, I understand that, despite my wording, there's no way to prevent things you store on the client side, but I want to make it at least more difficult than "changing the time" to hack it! | 2012/01/18 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/8918642",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/101823/"
] | One way to prevent it is to monitor time passing by checking timestamps for their logins in a database. It doesn't matter if the client's iPhone's time is off; the database on your end will still know how long it's been since the last login. | call a web service to get the time, rather than rely on the phone. There are several places you could get time from, google is your friend i'm sure, or create one yourself, and use the local time of the machine the service runs on for the time.
You could also use the [Network Time Protocol (NTP) servers](http://support.ntp.org/bin/view/Servers/WebHome) to get a consistent time |
8,918,642 | In the iphone game "Tiny Tower", I'm guessing it uses some kind of simulation based on the time spent between the last play and the current time, because you can set the current time forward and you will get the benefit from the fake elapsed time span.
Is there an algorithm that I can use to prevent this sort of thing? (Or at least make it difficult enough for the average user to pull off!)
Edit: thanks, I understand that, despite my wording, there's no way to prevent things you store on the client side, but I want to make it at least more difficult than "changing the time" to hack it! | 2012/01/18 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/8918642",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/101823/"
] | The gamecube had a way to do this so it must be possible.
Is there an **event triggered when the iphone time is set** ? In that case you can react that.
Another solution is to require to be online when the game is launched, this way you can **check time on a remote server**.
You could has well check if you got an **event on the phone login or wake up** react to it, saving the time at that moment in your DB. You would have the last non modified time.
A last possible trick is to **check for a file you know is going to be modified** by an action prior to time change (such as login), and check the 'last modification' date.
You can **investigate in the GPS direction** as well. A GPS need to be synchronised with the satellite it contact, so it must keep track of time in some way, and maybe there is an API for that.
Unfortunatly you are on an iphone, which mean your possibilities are limited since applications got very few rights and are sandboxed.
EDIT:
Just though about it but, can you create event in the iphone calendar ? And check if it has been trigered ? Cause you could set a fake meeting or something for every day. Not clean, but creative.
EDIT 2: can you set a timer as a code for IOS to execute in 60 minutes ? If you can, set this timer, pass the time expected to be when this code run, then when the code run, compare and inform your program. | One way to prevent it is to monitor time passing by checking timestamps for their logins in a database. It doesn't matter if the client's iPhone's time is off; the database on your end will still know how long it's been since the last login. |
8,918,642 | In the iphone game "Tiny Tower", I'm guessing it uses some kind of simulation based on the time spent between the last play and the current time, because you can set the current time forward and you will get the benefit from the fake elapsed time span.
Is there an algorithm that I can use to prevent this sort of thing? (Or at least make it difficult enough for the average user to pull off!)
Edit: thanks, I understand that, despite my wording, there's no way to prevent things you store on the client side, but I want to make it at least more difficult than "changing the time" to hack it! | 2012/01/18 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/8918642",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/101823/"
] | One way to prevent it is to monitor time passing by checking timestamps for their logins in a database. It doesn't matter if the client's iPhone's time is off; the database on your end will still know how long it's been since the last login. | I think if you have internet access you can take the time from a server.
A second solution : You can record the "datetime" and every time you see a "BIG" difference between the record datetime and the running datetime you know there might be a problem.
but this is not elegant, i know.
You can also record a small ammount of datetimes that the application started and check the diffrence with the running datetime.
Also you can use "Activity"->"Datetime" so the "Updates" (levels etc) can't be retaken.
Because the system Datetime can be changed by user, there is potential for "hack". |
8,918,642 | In the iphone game "Tiny Tower", I'm guessing it uses some kind of simulation based on the time spent between the last play and the current time, because you can set the current time forward and you will get the benefit from the fake elapsed time span.
Is there an algorithm that I can use to prevent this sort of thing? (Or at least make it difficult enough for the average user to pull off!)
Edit: thanks, I understand that, despite my wording, there's no way to prevent things you store on the client side, but I want to make it at least more difficult than "changing the time" to hack it! | 2012/01/18 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/8918642",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/101823/"
] | The gamecube had a way to do this so it must be possible.
Is there an **event triggered when the iphone time is set** ? In that case you can react that.
Another solution is to require to be online when the game is launched, this way you can **check time on a remote server**.
You could has well check if you got an **event on the phone login or wake up** react to it, saving the time at that moment in your DB. You would have the last non modified time.
A last possible trick is to **check for a file you know is going to be modified** by an action prior to time change (such as login), and check the 'last modification' date.
You can **investigate in the GPS direction** as well. A GPS need to be synchronised with the satellite it contact, so it must keep track of time in some way, and maybe there is an API for that.
Unfortunatly you are on an iphone, which mean your possibilities are limited since applications got very few rights and are sandboxed.
EDIT:
Just though about it but, can you create event in the iphone calendar ? And check if it has been trigered ? Cause you could set a fake meeting or something for every day. Not clean, but creative.
EDIT 2: can you set a timer as a code for IOS to execute in 60 minutes ? If you can, set this timer, pass the time expected to be when this code run, then when the code run, compare and inform your program. | call a web service to get the time, rather than rely on the phone. There are several places you could get time from, google is your friend i'm sure, or create one yourself, and use the local time of the machine the service runs on for the time.
You could also use the [Network Time Protocol (NTP) servers](http://support.ntp.org/bin/view/Servers/WebHome) to get a consistent time |
8,918,642 | In the iphone game "Tiny Tower", I'm guessing it uses some kind of simulation based on the time spent between the last play and the current time, because you can set the current time forward and you will get the benefit from the fake elapsed time span.
Is there an algorithm that I can use to prevent this sort of thing? (Or at least make it difficult enough for the average user to pull off!)
Edit: thanks, I understand that, despite my wording, there's no way to prevent things you store on the client side, but I want to make it at least more difficult than "changing the time" to hack it! | 2012/01/18 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/8918642",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/101823/"
] | The gamecube had a way to do this so it must be possible.
Is there an **event triggered when the iphone time is set** ? In that case you can react that.
Another solution is to require to be online when the game is launched, this way you can **check time on a remote server**.
You could has well check if you got an **event on the phone login or wake up** react to it, saving the time at that moment in your DB. You would have the last non modified time.
A last possible trick is to **check for a file you know is going to be modified** by an action prior to time change (such as login), and check the 'last modification' date.
You can **investigate in the GPS direction** as well. A GPS need to be synchronised with the satellite it contact, so it must keep track of time in some way, and maybe there is an API for that.
Unfortunatly you are on an iphone, which mean your possibilities are limited since applications got very few rights and are sandboxed.
EDIT:
Just though about it but, can you create event in the iphone calendar ? And check if it has been trigered ? Cause you could set a fake meeting or something for every day. Not clean, but creative.
EDIT 2: can you set a timer as a code for IOS to execute in 60 minutes ? If you can, set this timer, pass the time expected to be when this code run, then when the code run, compare and inform your program. | I think if you have internet access you can take the time from a server.
A second solution : You can record the "datetime" and every time you see a "BIG" difference between the record datetime and the running datetime you know there might be a problem.
but this is not elegant, i know.
You can also record a small ammount of datetimes that the application started and check the diffrence with the running datetime.
Also you can use "Activity"->"Datetime" so the "Updates" (levels etc) can't be retaken.
Because the system Datetime can be changed by user, there is potential for "hack". |
544,242 | I know we use modulator to change the frequency of original wave, thus reducing the size of antenna. As I understand the frequency of carrier signal does not matter . But I don't understand why. | 2021/01/23 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/544242",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/273415/"
] | The frequency of the carrier does matter. You need to pick one that's suitable for your antenna, and doesn't interfere with, or get interference from, neighbouring services.
However, at the receiver, when you demodulate the modulated carrier with respect to the specific frequency you chose at the transmitter, you remove the effect of the initial choice. You could choose to transmit with 100 MHz or 500 MHz carrier, and as long as you convert that signal down with the equivalent of a 100 MHz or 500 MHz reference, the two systems will function the same. | The carrier doesn't carry any information (or intelligence). It is modulated by the message signal and as you quoted, the physical dimensions of antennas are related to the carrier frequency. In most cases, we often try to suppress the power of the carrier to have high efficiency. The modulated information is contained in the side bands: irrespective of whether it is DSB-SC, SSB-SC or VSB modulation. The sidebands are centred about the carrier frequency in case of a DSB-SC. Both carry the same information and of course the location of the sidebands depend on the carrier frequency. So, the carrier frequency does matter. |
2,150,705 | I have an Insert button on the View Page.
On this Insert Button click, there is controller Action Method (InsertUser) that inserts record.
After successful insert i want to diplay the user like a MsgBox that ("Record successfully inserted") using any plugins...etc.
Appreciate your response. | 2010/01/27 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2150705",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/251318/"
] | You want a modal dialogue, or just a notification message?
The simplest way to do it is to stick your confirmation message into e.g. TempData["ConfirmationMessage"] and have something in your master page render the contents of that if it exists.
If you want a proper modal dialogue you'll need Javascript. Check out jQuery UI for probably the easiest one:- <http://docs.jquery.com/UI/Dialog> - you can use the same idea (something in your master page renders the confirmation message), then on the document ready event you have jQuery turn it into a dialogue. | I posted a huge answer on modal windows with mvc here:
[Simple ASP.NET MVC CRUD views opening/closing in JavaScript UI dialog](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1843894/simple-asp-net-mvc-crud-views-opening-closing-in-javascript-ui-dialog/1844916#1844916)
It outlines modal windows for forms but will probably get you 90% there. Instead of a form you'd just be retrieving some text. |
521,357 | I made a circuit with 16 transistors which switch 16 LEDs, input signal is from raspberry (or any board) digitally.
But is was difficult to solder and I tried to keep it as small as possible.
In the end there are still a few switches who do not work.
So I put that aside and tried with smaller amounts, ie. four
But meanwhile it came to my mind, maybe there are ICs who can do that job much easier?? | 2020/09/13 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/521357",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/173529/"
] | May be IS31FL3216 is what you are looking for.
<http://www.issi.com/WW/pdf/31FL3216.pdf>
It can support 16LEDs to be controlled with 20mA current in 256 steps. | Yes there are, you can use e.g.:
* Multiplexers, like 74HC595. They can drive 8 LEDs (but not on full strength); you can daisy chain them to drive 16, 24 or 32 and use SPI as communication protocol.
* Darlington Transistor Array ICs, like ULN2803 (there are more types, ULN2803 is just an example).
* Also there are dedicated LED driver ICs (but don't know a specific ID number). |
289,024 | A customer resized a Windows partition to make the C drive bigger and the D drive smaller. I don't know how, or with what software, but it failed and now the D drive is unreadable in Windows. The resizer tool shows the files, but Windows cannot.
I'm working remotely so I can't reboot to a rescue disk.
I've tried using selfimage to get a copy of the partition, and I can, but osfmount opens it but Windows can't read it, 7zip shows some files but they're all mangled names and not real.
I can't buy anything, I can't send it to a recovery company and there is no backup. I'm looking for a free "scan a broken NTFS drive/drive image and extract some files" utility. There must be one out there, do you know of one?
[Update:]
I copied [SelfImage](http://majorgeeks.com/SelfImage_d5588.html) to the computer and imaged the hard disk to a network share.
On another machine, I used the trial of [Mount Image Pro](http://www.mountimage.com/) to present the image as real physical drives.
The trial of their [Recover My Files](http://www.recovermyfiles.com/) ran against it, and found lots of files but wouldn't restore them.
Then I used [PhotoRec Free](http://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/PhotoRec) to extract a lot of files, often it extracted junk.
Then, today, someone else managed to get checkdisk to run against the broken volume, which I couldn't, and that fixed it, so there was no need for this anyway! | 2011/05/25 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/289024",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/67909/"
] | Glary Undelete *should* recover any files it can find, and it's free (beer).
<http://www.glarysoft.com/products/utilities/glary-undelete/> | Updated my question with details, but in the end checkdisk was the best resolution. |
289,024 | A customer resized a Windows partition to make the C drive bigger and the D drive smaller. I don't know how, or with what software, but it failed and now the D drive is unreadable in Windows. The resizer tool shows the files, but Windows cannot.
I'm working remotely so I can't reboot to a rescue disk.
I've tried using selfimage to get a copy of the partition, and I can, but osfmount opens it but Windows can't read it, 7zip shows some files but they're all mangled names and not real.
I can't buy anything, I can't send it to a recovery company and there is no backup. I'm looking for a free "scan a broken NTFS drive/drive image and extract some files" utility. There must be one out there, do you know of one?
[Update:]
I copied [SelfImage](http://majorgeeks.com/SelfImage_d5588.html) to the computer and imaged the hard disk to a network share.
On another machine, I used the trial of [Mount Image Pro](http://www.mountimage.com/) to present the image as real physical drives.
The trial of their [Recover My Files](http://www.recovermyfiles.com/) ran against it, and found lots of files but wouldn't restore them.
Then I used [PhotoRec Free](http://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/PhotoRec) to extract a lot of files, often it extracted junk.
Then, today, someone else managed to get checkdisk to run against the broken volume, which I couldn't, and that fixed it, so there was no need for this anyway! | 2011/05/25 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/289024",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/67909/"
] | First things first, if this data is at all valuable and working on the assumption you have no backups give up on the idea of doing this remotely. Shut the machine off and have the hard drive imaged.
Beyond that [DTI Data](http://www.dtidata.com/resourcecenter/2008/01/25/free-ntfs-partition-repair-data-recovery-software/) has some tools you can try - Google may come up with others.
Note that every recovery tool has a chance for data loss, which is why you REALLY want to do a binary image of the disk first (so you can get back to where you started if the whole thing goes to hell).
This is also a good time to talk to your client about the need for good, tested, working backups of critical data -- it's often easier to shake the money tree during a catastrophic event. | Updated my question with details, but in the end checkdisk was the best resolution. |
282 | Most (adult) tournaments I've entered have divisions indicated by NTRP level - i.e. MW(3.0, 4.0) means that men and women who are rated 3.0 or 4.0 can enter. Some of them, though, are listed as MWOp.
What does "open" mean? Does it just mean that people of any rating can enter, but they would be matched up (at least in early rounds) with players who have similar ratings, or does it mean that it's a free-for-all, where the tournament director could match up a 2.5 player with a 5.0 player? | 2012/02/15 | [
"https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/282",
"https://sports.stackexchange.com",
"https://sports.stackexchange.com/users/56/"
] | According to the definition on the [USTA site](http://assets.usta.com/assets/649/15/Adult-Senior%20Rankings%20Rules%20Regulations%20and%20Requirements.doc):
>
> Open division are **open to players of all ages.**
>
>
>
In this context, open appears to refer strictly to the age of the player, and not the rating. | Like [JW](https://sports.stackexchange.com/users/61/jw8) said, they are open to players of all ages, but most importantly, they are open to all skill levels also - which means they are the most competitive. Many professional level tour events have the name "Open" in them (French Open, US Open, Australian Open, etc) because they are "Open level" events - meaning anyone can enter the qualifying (or pre-qualifying) draws if they're willing to pay the entry fee. You will usually only see professional level players enter though, because most open divisions are full of very talented players.
Another reason why open divisions exist are because at the higher skill levels of the game they are fewer players available to put into a tournament draw so they have to combine the upper skill level players together to have enough. They are plenty of players generally at the 2.5-4.5 level, but at 5.0 and above there generally aren't enough 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, etc. to have a division or "draw" just for that specific skill level. With an "open" division, anyone above, say the 4.5 level can enter and generally expect to draw an opponent that is of similar skill level.
To answer the last part of your question - generally a tournament director doesn't know the rating level of a player in open divisions unless they have self-rated or already have a USTA rating - but most people at the lower rating level (like 2.5) know enough not to enter themselves into the open draw of a tournament. I have never been a tournament director (though I know some people that have) and they generally know the names of most players that enter their open division and know that they belong there. |
46,876 | Is there a way to replace a gas (air) for example with another gas (say, helium) in a gas chamber? It does not need to be a complete replacement, but there would need to be a significant amount of the new gas. Thanks! | 2016/02/24 | [
"https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/46876",
"https://chemistry.stackexchange.com",
"https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/users/27178/"
] | Chemists who need to control which gases are in their vessels (e.g. those who work with air sensitive compounds) do this routinely.
There are two ways to achieve gas replacement. The more reliable way is to work with vacuum-lines that allow switching the input to a vessel between a vacuum and an inert gas. First the air is removed and then the inert gas introduced.
Often, though, this is overkill. In many cases where liquids are involved the liquid needs to be degassed (to remove air dissolved in the liquid). In many cases it is good enough to bubble the inert gas through the liquid and the vessel for long enough to sweep out the unwanted gases. Bubbling the inert gas through the liquid and allowing it to escape the vessel is good enough if done for long enough.
If it isn't important to remove all traces of the original gas, this is usually an effective technique and gets more effective the longer the inert gas is allowed to flow. | First you would need to know if the gas is denser than air or not. You would make two holes in the container, one in the top, the other in the bottom. For helium start pumping it in through the top. The air will be pushed out the bottom until the container contains only helium. The denser air will flow through the bottom and the helium remain at the top (to an extent). The container would then need to be resealed to ensure the gas stays. For a dense gas like C0$\_2$, you would do the inverse, pumping through the bottom instead.
As a side note, it would take less gas to purge the container if you pumped it slowly, letting the gas settle in layers. Pumping it too fast would cause a turbulent flow, pushing out both gasses at once instead of just the one you wanted to get rid of. |
46,876 | Is there a way to replace a gas (air) for example with another gas (say, helium) in a gas chamber? It does not need to be a complete replacement, but there would need to be a significant amount of the new gas. Thanks! | 2016/02/24 | [
"https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/46876",
"https://chemistry.stackexchange.com",
"https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/users/27178/"
] | Chemists who need to control which gases are in their vessels (e.g. those who work with air sensitive compounds) do this routinely.
There are two ways to achieve gas replacement. The more reliable way is to work with vacuum-lines that allow switching the input to a vessel between a vacuum and an inert gas. First the air is removed and then the inert gas introduced.
Often, though, this is overkill. In many cases where liquids are involved the liquid needs to be degassed (to remove air dissolved in the liquid). In many cases it is good enough to bubble the inert gas through the liquid and the vessel for long enough to sweep out the unwanted gases. Bubbling the inert gas through the liquid and allowing it to escape the vessel is good enough if done for long enough.
If it isn't important to remove all traces of the original gas, this is usually an effective technique and gets more effective the longer the inert gas is allowed to flow. | The answer given by @matt\_black is technically sound and is how chemists actually tackle this problem, but I wanted to add a clever answer (which I read somewhere and can't remember the source for unfortunately) that I saw which works for gloveboxes and other compartments where you can still manipulate things in the compartment. The idea is that you can fill balloons with your replacement gas, put them in the chamber, then purge only the space between balloons with the new gas. By decreasing the volume that must be purged, you use much less gas. Finally, pop the balloons.
I've wanted to do this for a while when rebuilding a glovebox, but haven't wanted to clean up all the popped balloons. |
62,247 | In *Beyblade Burst Evolution*, when Free was fighting with Valt, he was injured, and that's why he had to forfeit his match.
But, how did Free get that injury? | 2021/03/20 | [
"https://anime.stackexchange.com/questions/62247",
"https://anime.stackexchange.com",
"https://anime.stackexchange.com/users/59557/"
] | <https://onepiece.fandom.com/wiki/Silvers_Rayleigh> is a good example! In his introduction, he does something like that already.
In the latest Wano arc, we see Luffy does something like Rayleigh(breaks seastone cuffs)
I agree to the point that <https://anime.stackexchange.com/a/53266/53844>, overtime people can build stamina to resist seastone cuffs and also seastone cuffs effect might vary unlike sea | Yes, they can. There isn't very direct proof though, but the much we have, it says, no dfs are fine and can use haki. Although I am not use about breaking them using haki... Seastones are very durable. Probably it required advanced haki to break them!! |
125,219 | A family member is building a brand new barn and she's amenable to my idea of makeshift-ing a 4'x4' (or so) closet that would be used primarily for meat ageing (I like to hunt) but also pickling and other similar stuff that a regular fridge is too small for and a restaurant-grade walk-in cooler would be too costly.
The barn is studed up and I can use a corner to implement this idea. The ceiling is high enough to hang even a cow although deer is more likely. I was planning to modify (hack) a regular window AC unit to be able to chill down to 40 deg F, I have heard this is possible and if not, I hear Cabela's sells some kind of conversion kits. The room would be against a wall facing outside so I could make an opening to fit the unit.
Questions:
1. Considering it is a makeshift cooler, what insulation should I put?
2. Will using a regular (laminated) door with a spongy gasket around the perimeter properly seal it from the outside?
3. Any ideas on how actually difficult it is to modify an AC unit for this purpose?
When not in use, I would like the closet to be modifiable for storage, e.g. have shelf support brackets etc. | 2017/10/16 | [
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/125219",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/9354/"
] | I made a locker in my shop using atlas energy shield foil covered foam panels, it was a little larger 6x6 it worked ok the second time I set it up I doubled the insulation because it was in the high 90' s . I used a 8k BTU unit and changed the thermostat to a cheep refrigerator one. The only problem I found is it takes almost 24 hours to get the temp to 36f. And I really need a fan to pull the hot air away from the corner. I used the panels to make the door also. I collapse my room down when not in use. One change for the next time is a track (trolley) down the center so I can run the animal in as it is tough to hang a whole cow in this small area even using a tractor. A deer would be much easier, I did install a 2 tube fluorescent fixture that I converted to LED. Running a window AC unit colder like this can lead to icing but I have not seen this but do check every morning that I have it running. It is a very old R12 unit with a simple stat (not electronic). Note getting the room down to 36 and putting the animal in there the temp did raise up I hang at 38f. But try to get everything pre cooled with the lights off to get it to temp as quickly as possible. | Just assuming the room would actually cool into the 30s it would be extremely hard on the compressor. They just aren’t meant to go much below 70. I have run them at 60 degrees for cheap wine rooms with a different thermostat. They usually last about 2 years. The room needs to be completely sealed with a vapor barrier or you will have condensation issues. There is no way to seal a window unit, they just aren’t made that way. I am sceptical if you could get it down into the 30’s but if you could you would have condensation issues and the unit wouldn’t last very long. If you are willing to put up with those pitfalls then it is doable. |
125,219 | A family member is building a brand new barn and she's amenable to my idea of makeshift-ing a 4'x4' (or so) closet that would be used primarily for meat ageing (I like to hunt) but also pickling and other similar stuff that a regular fridge is too small for and a restaurant-grade walk-in cooler would be too costly.
The barn is studed up and I can use a corner to implement this idea. The ceiling is high enough to hang even a cow although deer is more likely. I was planning to modify (hack) a regular window AC unit to be able to chill down to 40 deg F, I have heard this is possible and if not, I hear Cabela's sells some kind of conversion kits. The room would be against a wall facing outside so I could make an opening to fit the unit.
Questions:
1. Considering it is a makeshift cooler, what insulation should I put?
2. Will using a regular (laminated) door with a spongy gasket around the perimeter properly seal it from the outside?
3. Any ideas on how actually difficult it is to modify an AC unit for this purpose?
When not in use, I would like the closet to be modifiable for storage, e.g. have shelf support brackets etc. | 2017/10/16 | [
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/125219",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/9354/"
] | I found a [website](https://www.storeitcold.com/standing-guide/) that actually talks about DIY walk-in coolers. Based on what they say
1. You want an R value of 25 or more. This will require foam insulation, since fiberglass can retain water. Might be worth putting some rigid foam over top of spray-foam and then foil-taping joints.
2. They recommend a standard pre-hung exterior metal door. It already has a gasket and they report these work well enough
3. The real purposes of the site is to sell [their device](https://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/B003VSLTAI) to convert a standard window unit for these purposes. A normal window until won't cool to the temps you need (about 38 degrees F), nor would I suggest trying to modify one to do that. They suggest an 8k BTU unit for a 4' x 4' room | Just assuming the room would actually cool into the 30s it would be extremely hard on the compressor. They just aren’t meant to go much below 70. I have run them at 60 degrees for cheap wine rooms with a different thermostat. They usually last about 2 years. The room needs to be completely sealed with a vapor barrier or you will have condensation issues. There is no way to seal a window unit, they just aren’t made that way. I am sceptical if you could get it down into the 30’s but if you could you would have condensation issues and the unit wouldn’t last very long. If you are willing to put up with those pitfalls then it is doable. |
124,950 | I am designing an alternate world where the meteorite that caused the massive dinosaurs extinction never hit Earth.
I am stuck in one point: If the massive deaths of the dinosaurs worldwide never happened, the petroleum deposits will not be the same as today?
I know the petroleum is formed with organic remains. So, if those massive amounts of corpses never decomposed into fossil fuel, will the actual deposits be more scarce? or is there no correlation at all? | 2018/09/13 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/124950",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/51644/"
] | The short answer is, it wouldn't make a difference. The biggest reason is the sheer amount of biomass involved. With think of dinosaurs as pretty big, but in terms of total mass, they're peanuts compared to plant life, algae, and the like.
According to [this What If](https://what-if.xkcd.com/101/), which goes into some detail on where fossil fuels actually come from,
>
> There are a few things required for oil to form, including quick burial of large amounts of hydrogen-rich organic matter in a low-oxygen environment.
>
>
> These conditions are most often met in shallow seas near continental shelves, where periodic nutrient-rich upwellings from the deep sea cause blooms of plankton and algae.
>
>
>
Compare that to the conditions after the Chicxulub impact. Obviously anything caught in the ensuing firestorms is going to be oxidized and not form hydrocarbons. There would be massive tidal waves, which could bury land-going life including dinosaurs in an anaerobic environment. On the other hand, most of the plants are thought to have died off from dust in the atmosphere, which would leave them free to decay in the typical, non-hydrocarbon-forming way.
On the whole, although the impact might've contributed to fossil fuel formation, it would be barely a blip compared to the effects of hundreds of millions of years of accretion of biomass. | No real correlation at all.
Coal and other fossil fuels is from dead plants, not so much animals.
Just because dinosaurs got wiped out, it really wouldn't make any difference to oil and coal deposits |
124,950 | I am designing an alternate world where the meteorite that caused the massive dinosaurs extinction never hit Earth.
I am stuck in one point: If the massive deaths of the dinosaurs worldwide never happened, the petroleum deposits will not be the same as today?
I know the petroleum is formed with organic remains. So, if those massive amounts of corpses never decomposed into fossil fuel, will the actual deposits be more scarce? or is there no correlation at all? | 2018/09/13 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/124950",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/51644/"
] | No real correlation at all.
Coal and other fossil fuels is from dead plants, not so much animals.
Just because dinosaurs got wiped out, it really wouldn't make any difference to oil and coal deposits | There are two theories held concerning the creation of petroleum deposits.
The first is the biogenetic theory, which can be summed up as, algae dies falls to the bottom of the ocean, is exposed to the right conditions and becomes hydrocarbons. This is an ongoing process.
The second theory is that atmospheric carbon dioxide is absorbed by the ocean, sinks to the bottom and then gets trapped in the mantle, exposed to the right comditions and forms hydrocarbons. This is also an ongoing proccess.
Ok, I lied there is a third theory which is that in a recent [2014 study](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abiogenic_petroleum_origin#cite_note-Climate_System_p_10-11 "2014 study")
both ideas work and are not mutually exclusive, so the theory is that abiogenesis and biogenesis of hydrocarbons are both ongoing processes creating petroleum.
Dinosaurs played no part in the formation of fossil fuels. |
124,950 | I am designing an alternate world where the meteorite that caused the massive dinosaurs extinction never hit Earth.
I am stuck in one point: If the massive deaths of the dinosaurs worldwide never happened, the petroleum deposits will not be the same as today?
I know the petroleum is formed with organic remains. So, if those massive amounts of corpses never decomposed into fossil fuel, will the actual deposits be more scarce? or is there no correlation at all? | 2018/09/13 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/124950",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/51644/"
] | The short answer is, it wouldn't make a difference. The biggest reason is the sheer amount of biomass involved. With think of dinosaurs as pretty big, but in terms of total mass, they're peanuts compared to plant life, algae, and the like.
According to [this What If](https://what-if.xkcd.com/101/), which goes into some detail on where fossil fuels actually come from,
>
> There are a few things required for oil to form, including quick burial of large amounts of hydrogen-rich organic matter in a low-oxygen environment.
>
>
> These conditions are most often met in shallow seas near continental shelves, where periodic nutrient-rich upwellings from the deep sea cause blooms of plankton and algae.
>
>
>
Compare that to the conditions after the Chicxulub impact. Obviously anything caught in the ensuing firestorms is going to be oxidized and not form hydrocarbons. There would be massive tidal waves, which could bury land-going life including dinosaurs in an anaerobic environment. On the other hand, most of the plants are thought to have died off from dust in the atmosphere, which would leave them free to decay in the typical, non-hydrocarbon-forming way.
On the whole, although the impact might've contributed to fossil fuel formation, it would be barely a blip compared to the effects of hundreds of millions of years of accretion of biomass. | There are two theories held concerning the creation of petroleum deposits.
The first is the biogenetic theory, which can be summed up as, algae dies falls to the bottom of the ocean, is exposed to the right conditions and becomes hydrocarbons. This is an ongoing process.
The second theory is that atmospheric carbon dioxide is absorbed by the ocean, sinks to the bottom and then gets trapped in the mantle, exposed to the right comditions and forms hydrocarbons. This is also an ongoing proccess.
Ok, I lied there is a third theory which is that in a recent [2014 study](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abiogenic_petroleum_origin#cite_note-Climate_System_p_10-11 "2014 study")
both ideas work and are not mutually exclusive, so the theory is that abiogenesis and biogenesis of hydrocarbons are both ongoing processes creating petroleum.
Dinosaurs played no part in the formation of fossil fuels. |
109,589 | In Cape Fear (1991), toward the end of the movie, Juliette Lewis's character sprays Robert De Niro's villian, Max Cady, with lighter fluid (I believe) [just as he's lighting a cigar](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BDiB3XcDsT0&t=116). (In the linked video, it happens right around 2:00.) The camera shows for a brief time what appears to be Robert De Niro himself on fire. How was that shot done?
I can think of 3 ways, none of which seem likely:
1. De Niro actually was set on fire, even if very briefly.
2. De Niro has a double that looks enough like him that for that second, the resemblance is very convincing.
3. Some sort of post production was done but in fact De Niro was never on fire.
Number 1) above seems unlikely to be something an insurance company would allow, from what I understand of insurance in Hollywood. Number 2) seems unlikely because it really looks exactly like Robert De Niro. Number 3) seems unlikely because it looks real, although on repeated viewings I can't say for sure.
Googling related terms doesn't yield anything, even a note.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/YWbyJ.jpg) | 2020/06/14 | [
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/questions/109589",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/users/80870/"
] | I can't provide a solid answer with citations on this - but it does look quite possible it was actually DeNiro doing the opening shot of this stunt.
On the insurance aspect, you might have to ask Tom Cruise how he gets away with being strapped to the outside of a plane, or in the upcoming Top Gun, actually flying one!
The shot only lasts two seconds so is not beyond the realms of possibility before modern 'health & safety' took over the world. The rest will be a stuntman in full protective gear, including a fire-proof full head-covering; which is why he has to be completely engulfed, so we can't see the 'rubber head', but that first two seconds would be quite possible to do using [**Zel-Jel**](http://www.zeller-int.com/categories/fireret/zeljel.htm), which was the industry-standard for fire protection at that time. I don't know if it still is, it's outside my area of expertise, but it was definitely used on Cape Fear.
Essentially, Zel-Jel is a two-part structure.
The first, a thin liquid which is pre-soaked into the clothing then allowed to dry.
The second component is a barrier cream applied to the skin, which not only will not burn but will also keep the skin cool during exposure.
The stunt fire is then set using a flammable gel applied to the clothing and lit remotely with a small electrical charge. The gel won't run or smoke and will have a quite specific burn height, so the fire area is very tightly controlled.
Juliette Lewis' lighter fuel is, of course, non-flammable. If you've ever seen someone getting that trick wrong whilst trying to get a barbecue going you'll understand why that element of random danger would not be a good idea.
You'll notice the fire area doesn't actually start from the cigar and lighter, it starts out towards his shoulder then spreads, whilst never *quite* reaching his face. As soon as the fire starts, he turns away from camera into full profile, making the flames look much closer to his face than they really are. They're not a mile away, but *just* slightly further than it probably looks. The angle of the shot and the quick cuts give us no real chance to spot this other than frame by frame.
By the time we cut away then back, we never see his face again, so that's where the swap to a fully protected stunt man can occur.
A late thought with no concrete evidence, however, it's quite possible that his hair design in this scene helped the stunt. As it's 'slicked back' presumably as the plot has him crossing the water to reach the boat, so his hair is wet, it also means they can do his hair in the Zel-Jel, thus avoiding having to wig him for the scene.
The fire crew will have been *barely* out of shot the entire time, and he'd be extinguished by about 4 seconds. They really don't get far from the action on this type of stunt.
The fire crew have authority over **everyone** on set, from the director down. No-one out-ranks them.
These days they have 'point & shoot' temperature sensors constantly pointing at hot areas and will pull up the entire set if they feel anything is going outside accepted parameters.
I saw this happen a few times when we were shooting the fire scene at the Medici circus in Dumbo, which took two weeks to get. The fires in that scene are real.
*Late edit*
I may have to partially retract the 'playing fast and loose with real lighter fluid' comment from before. Whether they did or didn't use real fluid with DeNiro [which would honestly be utter madness with an actor's face right there] once the 'rubber head' goes on the stuntman, it seems they're no longer worried. I just caught this one frame of back-flare .. after which she rather sensibly throws the can to the floor
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/bGZbY.png)
*Re: comments on the type of accelerant*
This, from Canadian fire stunt team [Fire for Hire](http://fire4hire.com/www_get/inside_stunts.pdf)
>
> ***What type of accelerant do you find works best with this gel?***
>
> We can use anything you want. We’ve used rubber cement, gas, diesel and we keep testing it every week with new fuels. We also experiment with the thickeners that we add to the fuel to make it burn longer. There are all kinds of tricks that we use in preparing the fuel and applying the gel to get the best burn possible.
>
>
> | I also have no authoritative sources, but I've been single stepping through the [shot on YouTube](https://youtu.be/BDiB3XcDsT0?t=118), and here's what I see.
1. The camera is locked down.
2. Although they look and act like they're directly opposite each other, the woman shooting the lighter fluid (Juliette Lewis?) is more in the foreground and De Niro is more toward the back. At first, I thought she was shooting the fluid to De Niro's right for an extra margin of safety with regard to aim, but read on.
3. When the fire first ignites, De Niro's exposed skin (face, neck, and hand) have very shiny highlights, suggesting he had some kind of gel or cream applied to protect him from burns. I don't think a make-up person would normally allow a cast member to appear that shiny.
4. De Niro's lighter (to my surprise) looks real. I expected it to just be a battery-powered light.
5. The fire is started with a charge in the crook of his elbow. The first couple frames clearly show sparks radiating from that spot.
6. De Niro's reactions seem very realistic when the fire begins. His facial expression changes (ruling out a mask on a stunt performer). He closes his eyes and instinctively moves his head away from the heat while trying not to leave his mark.
7. When De Niro's hands move, they have a visual quality that looks like he may have been filmed in front of a blue screen and composited into the shot. But maybe I'm just seeing motion blur and film grain.
8. Once the flames reach out to the tip of the lighter fluid container, the fluid appears to run out on its own. I don't think Lewis stopped squeezing. Presumably they put a measured quantity in the container.
9. The alignment of the fluid stream, the flames, and the container looks too precise for those flames to have been composited from an effects shot.
10. Once she drops the lighter fluid, Lewis continues to look where De Niro had been. But by then he's moved over a bit to his right (toward the foreground).
11. The glow of the fire on the right side of the set looks plausibly realistic. But there's little if any discernible glow on the ceiling, De Niro's side of the set, or the background.
So my theory is that this is a composite shot.
De Niro's arm and shoulder were treated with a gel that would burn. It was ignited with an electric charge. He wore fire protective clothing and a protective gel applied to his exposed skin. He was filmed on the set or possibly in front of a blue screen.
The women were filmed separately, on the set, with a stand supporting torch approximately where De Niro's shoulder would have been. The torch was ignited electronically, and then Lewis shot a controlled amount of lighter fluid at the torch to get the flame travelling up the stream to the spout.
When combined, the clips were aligned in time so that the ignition of the torch and De Niro coincided, so that the glow of the flames on the opposite side of the set are timed correctly. If De Niro did his stunt on the set, then the composite could have been done with complementary gradient masks to make it seamless. |
42,722 | When my new furnace was installed, the vent was put outside the house next to landscaping bushes. It has killed one of my bushes. It used to be vented up to my roof and out. Can I move this outside vent to the roof vent? | 2014/06/05 | [
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/42722",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/21935/"
] | No, it sounds like you have a high efficiency furnace and these will direct vent outside versus using the chimney stack to vent. You might want to talk to the installer to see if it could be better positioned as to not damage you plants. | I had a "plume diverter kit" fitted to my vent. It is basically a purpose-designed S-shaped pipe that moves the vent further up.
The maximum lengths and numbers of bends allowed depends on the furnace design and perhaps on local code - so you should probably ask the manufacturer or installer.
Note: My experience is in the UK where terminology differs from that used in the US. |
42,722 | When my new furnace was installed, the vent was put outside the house next to landscaping bushes. It has killed one of my bushes. It used to be vented up to my roof and out. Can I move this outside vent to the roof vent? | 2014/06/05 | [
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/42722",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/21935/"
] | No, it sounds like you have a high efficiency furnace and these will direct vent outside versus using the chimney stack to vent. You might want to talk to the installer to see if it could be better positioned as to not damage you plants. | The bush is an excellent indicator of how wide this vent's effect is. Put in a new bush away from the vent & leave a gap for the vent or replace the bush with a chair or loveseat, bird bath, sculpture or fountain looking thing. Better than a dead bush. A further assistant to the bush gap above is to have the installer approve shrouding to minimize the bush gap & protect the bushes.
Other than that, yes it can go through the roof instead & again, But, both the intake & the exhaust have go up together. They usually have to work on the exact same atmospheric pressure to operate correctly. |
12,897 | There are two versions of the "Topeak Explorer Tubular Frame Mounted Bicycle Rack"
'regular' (TA2026-B) and [29er](http://www.topeak.com/products/Racks/explorer_29er) (TA2042-B )
I'm not sure what would work best with my 700c hybrid bike?
The difference in dimensions(Size (L x W x H) 42 x 17 x 41.5 cm vs 34 x 14.2 x 41.5 cm) seems a little odd as they both support the MTX QuickTrack™ System. I do plan to get an MTX trunk bag for it. | 2012/10/23 | [
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/12897",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/users/3764/"
] | 29" and 700c rims are the same diameter (iso 622mm). Primarily, the difference in width and length is to accommodate wider MTB frame stays and tires...I'd stick with the TA2026-B. | The standard rack goes well with the 700c road tires. I just put one on my wife's Citizen 2 with 700c tires with no issues. The taller rack you might run into adjustment issues to make it level.
Some advice though. Loosely assemble the rack off the bike and start with the mounts by the seat post. It is easier to bend it down for the lower mounts.
Here is a photo of the clearance between the rack and the tire. Since then I have added fenders without any issues.
 |
130,671 | This question is a follow up on the question about the [inductor choice for power supply](https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/130652/what-parameters-are-important-in-inductor-when-used-in-power-supply) noise filtering. One of the inductor's parameters was frequency response curve. To use this, I would need to have information about potential noise sources in the system and their magnitude.
In general, what are the major "noise makers" in a system, based on which I should select choking inductors (uCs, ADCs, DACs, DSPs, CPLDs, FPGAs, clock oscillators, etc.). How to estimate the noise in the system? | 2014/09/24 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/130671",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/35526/"
] | As @george-herold said, it is pretty pointless to estimate noise in a circuit, unless, I'd add, you're a circuit engineer who wants to check how much noise your circuit induces in a system. What one generally wants is minimize the impact of noise on a system.
This said, noise sources include almost anything in electronics. Anywhere an electron passes generates noise. Semiconductors do generate noise, especially when electrons cross the gap in diodes or transistors, which happens quite often, to say the least.
Among the most common (internal) sources you have:
* **Switching power supplies** :
Power switching creates hi-frequency ripples that can spread through wires. Can be narrow-band noise at best.
* **Digital circuitry** :
Clock signals induce switching noise as well just like switching power supplies. Complex digital circuitry may generate a lot of parasitic noise if you don't take care of ground connections when mixing audio and digital components. Connect analogue and digital grounds in a single point and make all ground lines converge to that point, like a star, is one of the best design practices, for instance. Also avoid ground loops.
* **Semiconductors** :
A simple diode in reverse polarization generates white noise (IIRC) depending on silicon pureness, voltage and intensity. Signal-to-noise ratio is indicated with amplifier circuits, for instance.
* **High-impedance lines** : high impedance inputs are very sensitive to electromagnetic parasites and act like an antenna when not shielded properly, which may as well propagate the input noise to components in the output chain. Sensors with differential inputs are less sensitive to parasites, which induce common-mode parasites, for instance but appropriate shielding is best whenever applicable.
Common external sources include:
* **Electrical environment** : if your device is wired to the mains, for instance, in an industrial plant. Industry and automotive environments are known to be "polluted" electrically so any device needs some good insulation against such parasitic noise to work in those environments. Also bear in mind power line communications, which can propagate narrow band noise (at best) if not filtered properly.
* **Friction-based electrical contacts** : electric engines with contacts on a mobile element also generate a lot of noise and parasites, due to the inductive nature of the component.
* **Radiation and electromagnetic parasites** : with the growth of wireless components comes more electromagnetic interferences, which requires appropriate shielding.
Noise is always present in the working frequency range of an electronic circuit. Therefore all you can do is reduce its energy, i.e. reduce its spectrum by narrowing its bandwidth using L/C filters for instance.
Depending on the circuit type you also have to beware of inductors or anything that can act like one. Use cores whenever applicable.
Again, it's pretty pointless to enumerate noise sources as you rather want to limit noise using all possible means, which the best design practices are all about. | Main sources digital parts that use a lot of power
* FPGAs
* uC and uP
* DSPs
Analog parts of note
* Switching power supply
* RF transmitters
* Motor drivers |
19,482,317 | After a lot of Googling, I've found that most sources say that the Dijkstra algorithm is "more efficient" than the Bellman-Ford algorithm. But under what circumstances is the Bellman-Ford algorithm better than the Dijkstra algorithm?
I know "better" is a broad statement, so specifically I mean in terms of speed and also space if that applies. Surely there is some situation in which the Bellman-Ford approach is better than the Dijkstra approach. | 2013/10/20 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/19482317",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/2318338/"
] | **Dijkstra Algo**
Dijkstra algo is not capable to differentiate between ***Negative edge weight cycle*** is present in graph or not
**1. Positive edge weight:-** Dijkstra **always** **PASS** if all edge weight in a graph is positive
**2. Negative edge wt. and No -ve edge wt. cycle:-** Dijkstra **always** **PASS** even if we have some edges weight as Negative but NO cycle/loop in graph having negative edge weight.
[i.e No Negative edge weight cycle is present]
**3. Negative edge wt. and -ve edge wt. cycle:-** Dijkstra **may** **PASS/FAIL** even if we have some edges weight as negative along with cycle/loop in graph having negative edge weight. | I do not agree completely, difference is in implementation and complexity, Dijsktra's algorithm is faster (O(n^2)) but difficult to implement, while Bellman Ford complexity is O(n^3) but is easier to implement. |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.