qid int64 1 74.7M | question stringlengths 12 33.8k | date stringlengths 10 10 | metadata list | response_j stringlengths 0 115k | response_k stringlengths 2 98.3k |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1,655 | For example, let's say I have a friend sprinting a 50m distance and that friend wants me to time the race, but I don't have a stopwatch so I have to count "manually". Can I count while simultaneously thinking about how she'll do and while wondering what I'm going to have for dinner? | 2012/09/17 | [
"https://cogsci.stackexchange.com/questions/1655",
"https://cogsci.stackexchange.com",
"https://cogsci.stackexchange.com/users/1150/"
] | Parallel processes are often studied in a so called ['dual task' paradigm](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-task_paradigm), where participants are drawing a picture and reciting a poem or, as in your example, counting and thinking about other things.
Often this method is used to demonstrate limits in attention and find insights into how the brain works (in a serial versus parallel manner). Training is an important factor in this question. It has been shown that with a sufficient amount of training a lot of tasks can be done parallel very well - so if you sit there long enough and automize the counting the rest will follow. | I experience thinking two different things at the same time, but not on purpose. It is very frustrating because sometimes if someone tries to divert my attention in a different way my two thoughts merge together to make room for a new one. At most I've thought of four different things at the same time. I can actually hear them quite well. They do happen at the same time, but there is always one thought that is much louder than the others. I don't think it's normal but i know of only a few people who experience it with me, one being my father. |
1,655 | For example, let's say I have a friend sprinting a 50m distance and that friend wants me to time the race, but I don't have a stopwatch so I have to count "manually". Can I count while simultaneously thinking about how she'll do and while wondering what I'm going to have for dinner? | 2012/09/17 | [
"https://cogsci.stackexchange.com/questions/1655",
"https://cogsci.stackexchange.com",
"https://cogsci.stackexchange.com/users/1150/"
] | I have to partly disagree with schultem here-- he is right that the dual task paradigm is used to study multitasking, but the idea that we can truly do two cognitive tasks at the same time is still contentious. In particular, the opposing view might say that we can't really do two cognitive processes at the same time, but we are in fact switching between the two tasks very rapidly. To make a an analogy, consider a computer with a single-core CPU: although behaviorally it seems like you are running multiple processes at the same time, all applications still depend on a single bottleneck.
One of the most well studied experimental paradigms for this domain is called the '[psychological refractory period](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychological_refractory_period)', or PRP effect, which shows over [2,700 hits on google scholar](http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22psychological%20refractory%20period%22&btnG=&hl=en&as_sdt=0,44).
A typical PRP task has the subject perform two reaction time tasks. For instance, he may have to hit a button with his right hand in response to a high pitched tone, and hit a button with his left hand in response to a low pitched tone. At the same time, he performs another concurrent task-- e.g., saying "blue" in response to a blue stimulus, and "green" in response to a green stimulus. By altering the stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) (that is, the time from the start of the tone to the start of the visual stimuli), we can examine what operations people are able to perform in parallel.
Each task can be broken down into three components: perceptual analysis, response selection (cognitive), and response processing. A prominent theory emerging from the results of many PRP tasks is that we are able to truly do two operations in parallel if they require different modes: for instance, we can do perceptual analysis of a visual stimuli and auditory tone at the same time, and we can make a manual and vocal response at the same time, however we cannot do two response selections at the same time because they essentially require the same cognitive resources (single bottleneck).
This image from wikipedia describes what I'm talking about. The response selection from the second task must wait for the response selection from the first task to finish before it begins. The result is that, at short SOA, the total time taken to respond to both stimuli is the same-- as long as perceptual analysis of the second task ends before the response selection from the first task.
So in sum, yes, it might be possible to do the two tasks you are talking about in parallel, especially with practice. But on a more fundamental level, you may really just be doing very rapid multitasking. If you're interested in this theory, you may also want to read about [threaded cognition](http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&q=threaded%20cognition&btnG=&as_sdt=1,44&as_sdtp=), which demonstrates this effect for complex tasks. | I experience thinking two different things at the same time, but not on purpose. It is very frustrating because sometimes if someone tries to divert my attention in a different way my two thoughts merge together to make room for a new one. At most I've thought of four different things at the same time. I can actually hear them quite well. They do happen at the same time, but there is always one thought that is much louder than the others. I don't think it's normal but i know of only a few people who experience it with me, one being my father. |
196,051 | Is it a valid way to request a reopening for a question that is put on hold by flagging it for a moderator attention after it was properly edited (I do not have enough reputation to flag it in other way)?
Or I should do it in other way?
Also, is it a way to check, if my flag was reviewed by moderator, who it was reviewed by, and the result of the review?
**UPDATE:**
I've already edited the post to (in my opinion) be as much exact as possible (the reason of the close was "unclear what you're asking" and the question is not mine). How can I track the reopen votes status or any other progress of the reopening process? For me the question is in the same state as before which is a little embarrassing, because I cannot distinguish following:
* no attention is driven to this question and it had no reviews
* some people reviewed it but still think it should be closed
Actually, I cannot even know that the question was taken to the review... | 2013/09/06 | [
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/196051",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/users/233015/"
] | >
> Or I should do it in other way?
>
>
>
You should edit the post to make it a good post (on-topic, relevant, detailed etc...). This will put it in the reopen review queue, meaning it should get reopen votes.
>
> Also, is it a way to check, if my flag was reviewed by moderator, who it was reviewed by, and the result of the review?
>
>
>
No, there isn't a way to tell who reviewed a flag, though in your flagging summary page (linked from your profile page next to "helpful flags", if you ever flagged), there are statistics that tell you the result of each flag. | ### Yes, that is fine.
A question often does not get much attention after being put *on-hold*. Most of the questions would not get the enough users that could flag/vote to reopened after being edited.
You can see if a moderator handled your flag and with what outcome by clicking on the *helpful flags* link in your profile. The status of a flag will be
* active (not handled yet)
* helpful
* declined |
4,892 | Everything is very conveniently hidden behind the Moderator Agreement. I Understand that there are Privacy Issues, especially In cases where there is use of abusive language.
While precise details of the Suspension need not be disclosed, I think even a line offering the basic reason is necessary so that the community can know exactly why, Such as "Use of abusive language" or "Intentional and repeated spamming" or "Unfounded Allegations against Moderators" or whatever the reason is.
There is another [post](https://physics.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/4241/change-of-policy-make-reasons-for-suspensions-public) Which asks for a lot more to be disclosed. But I only ask for a one line reason available to the Public, Especially if you are Imposing 6 Month - 1 Year suspensions to users who are otherwise friendly atleast to me. | 2013/09/04 | [
"https://physics.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/4892",
"https://physics.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://physics.meta.stackexchange.com/users/12798/"
] | We give the short indication on the profile to avoid [the Streisand effect](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streisand_effect), so other users get a general idea of *why* an account was suspended. The user that was suspended is always welcome to contact us (the Stack Exchange team) to let us know if they feel the suspension was unwarranted or excessive. There are checks and balances on *everything* that community moderators can do.
Giving too much more detail would border on violating the user's privacy - remember that search engines see profile pages and that text, so less there is definitely better. The system provides enough so that those interested in recent events the user was involved in can *probably* determine what happened, and we're respectful of the user's privacy in the process. | Treat this as a way of expression that I am unhappy with such long suspensions being imposed. Since I don't know why it happened, perhaps you have a reason and I won't pursue. It certainly involved people who I enjoyed listening to. |
5,271,200 | **Summarization:** FRUIT can be used only with Fortran compilers, although its functionality can be enhanced by using Ruby. Check the answer below from its author Andrew Chen.
===========================================
It seems that the available unit test frameworks (XUnit) for Fortran include:
funit
<http://nasarb.rubyforge.org/>
fruit
<http://sourceforge.net/projects/fortranxunit/>
flibs
<http://flibs.sourceforge.net/>
ObjexxFTK (commercial)
<http://www.objexx.com/ObjexxFTK.html>
In their webpages, funit, fruit, and flibs mention they rely on Ruby to function. I have no idea about ObjexxFTK. It seems to me that XUnit frameworks in Java, C#, and Delphi and so forth only rely on the corresponding language itself. Then why do the Fortran frameworks choose to rely on Ruby instead of Fortran itself? | 2011/03/11 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/5271200",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/531199/"
] | Writing a unit testing framework with the complexity, capability and dynamic nature of a true XUnit clone would be utterly horrendous in Fortran which is really designed for numerical analysis. | That depends also on what you expect from a unit test framework. if you want a GUI, or it to be a plugin for an IDE then fortran is maybe not the easiest way to do so, even if it is feasible of course. this is why other languages are often preferred.
I have written a simple unit test framework for fortran in fortran, a la nose for python. console based, but it does its job. it all depends on your needs. (makes me think that i should maybe adapt it to more general use and release it.)
as you seem to be using delphi, you can put your file objects in dlls and plug them to dunit for example. |
5,271,200 | **Summarization:** FRUIT can be used only with Fortran compilers, although its functionality can be enhanced by using Ruby. Check the answer below from its author Andrew Chen.
===========================================
It seems that the available unit test frameworks (XUnit) for Fortran include:
funit
<http://nasarb.rubyforge.org/>
fruit
<http://sourceforge.net/projects/fortranxunit/>
flibs
<http://flibs.sourceforge.net/>
ObjexxFTK (commercial)
<http://www.objexx.com/ObjexxFTK.html>
In their webpages, funit, fruit, and flibs mention they rely on Ruby to function. I have no idea about ObjexxFTK. It seems to me that XUnit frameworks in Java, C#, and Delphi and so forth only rely on the corresponding language itself. Then why do the Fortran frameworks choose to rely on Ruby instead of Fortran itself? | 2011/03/11 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/5271200",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/531199/"
] | Writing a unit testing framework with the complexity, capability and dynamic nature of a true XUnit clone would be utterly horrendous in Fortran which is really designed for numerical analysis. | Xichen,
This is Andrew Chen, the author of Fruit.
In the core of FRUIT, it is in pure FORTRAN. The core capability include assert, fixture setup, summary, error counting and report. The design goal is to have the testing capability in the own language.
FRUIT 1.0 was developed about 8 years ago, with pure FORTRAN. Then Ruby was added, Rake was added in 2008, I think.
This is especially important in FORTRAN, because introducing another language or compiler in the build environment may be prohibitive.
However, to make the testing framework flexible, elegant and rich in information, other more flexible language is the right tool (even my co-workers still think FORTRAN can do everything, and the world is run by FORTRAN). Ruby is chosen because of its readability, and easy to modify.
As far as I know, funit cannot run without Ruby, but FRUIT can run with only FORTRAN compilers. It has been tested by Intel F95, and g95.
Please check out the 2 tutorials, in FRUIT Wiki:
1. Add FRUIT into your diet in 3 minutes (pure FORTRAN)
2. Add FRUIT into your diet in 20 minutes (with Ruby)
<http://sourceforge.net/apps/mediawiki/fortranxunit/index.php?title=Main_Page>
Hope it helps.
Andrew Hang Chen 陈航
<http://blog.sina.com.cn/foreopen> |
5,271,200 | **Summarization:** FRUIT can be used only with Fortran compilers, although its functionality can be enhanced by using Ruby. Check the answer below from its author Andrew Chen.
===========================================
It seems that the available unit test frameworks (XUnit) for Fortran include:
funit
<http://nasarb.rubyforge.org/>
fruit
<http://sourceforge.net/projects/fortranxunit/>
flibs
<http://flibs.sourceforge.net/>
ObjexxFTK (commercial)
<http://www.objexx.com/ObjexxFTK.html>
In their webpages, funit, fruit, and flibs mention they rely on Ruby to function. I have no idea about ObjexxFTK. It seems to me that XUnit frameworks in Java, C#, and Delphi and so forth only rely on the corresponding language itself. Then why do the Fortran frameworks choose to rely on Ruby instead of Fortran itself? | 2011/03/11 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/5271200",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/531199/"
] | Xichen,
This is Andrew Chen, the author of Fruit.
In the core of FRUIT, it is in pure FORTRAN. The core capability include assert, fixture setup, summary, error counting and report. The design goal is to have the testing capability in the own language.
FRUIT 1.0 was developed about 8 years ago, with pure FORTRAN. Then Ruby was added, Rake was added in 2008, I think.
This is especially important in FORTRAN, because introducing another language or compiler in the build environment may be prohibitive.
However, to make the testing framework flexible, elegant and rich in information, other more flexible language is the right tool (even my co-workers still think FORTRAN can do everything, and the world is run by FORTRAN). Ruby is chosen because of its readability, and easy to modify.
As far as I know, funit cannot run without Ruby, but FRUIT can run with only FORTRAN compilers. It has been tested by Intel F95, and g95.
Please check out the 2 tutorials, in FRUIT Wiki:
1. Add FRUIT into your diet in 3 minutes (pure FORTRAN)
2. Add FRUIT into your diet in 20 minutes (with Ruby)
<http://sourceforge.net/apps/mediawiki/fortranxunit/index.php?title=Main_Page>
Hope it helps.
Andrew Hang Chen 陈航
<http://blog.sina.com.cn/foreopen> | That depends also on what you expect from a unit test framework. if you want a GUI, or it to be a plugin for an IDE then fortran is maybe not the easiest way to do so, even if it is feasible of course. this is why other languages are often preferred.
I have written a simple unit test framework for fortran in fortran, a la nose for python. console based, but it does its job. it all depends on your needs. (makes me think that i should maybe adapt it to more general use and release it.)
as you seem to be using delphi, you can put your file objects in dlls and plug them to dunit for example. |
14,492 | Where I live the soil is red.
Is there a map or chart where you can see the average color of the dirt according to geographical location? What would the color be if all of the dirt on Earth was added equally to a pallet?
I understand that composition of minerals determines dirt color but what makes dirt its color is not the question I am asking.
Kata Tjuta, Northern Territory, Australia
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/qEQh9.jpg)
Sagada, Mountain Province, Philippines
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/qbciQ.jpg)
<https://eugeneexplorer.wordpress.com/2016/11/22/blue-soil-hills/>
Gentry County, Missouri, United States
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/xPzeV.jpg)
<http://www.airphotona.com/image.asp?imageid=11944> | 2018/06/25 | [
"https://earthscience.stackexchange.com/questions/14492",
"https://earthscience.stackexchange.com",
"https://earthscience.stackexchange.com/users/5052/"
] | This gif, prepared by the United States Department of Agriculture - Natural Resources Conservation Services (USDA-NRCS) soil scientists at the National Soil Survey Center, has soil colors based on the [Munsell Color System](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munsell_color_system) for the United States at different depths:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/hYB1E.gif)
The soil colors nearest the surface are darker due to more organic matter and are lighter at depth with varying colors by region.
Source: <http://munsell.com/color-blog/soil-colors-national-parks-anniversary/>
This link also has soil colors of select United States National Parks. For example:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/XudzC.jpg) | Soil color is largely determined by it's composition.
There are three main components in soil:
* Gravel, sand, and silt. In essence, the type of stuff you find in sedimentary rocks. Usually, this is mostly silicate minerals like quartz, feldspar, and mica, and is usually pretty bland in terms of color. In theory, certain silt minerals (olivines for example) can produce greenish soils, though concentrations that high are generally uncommon. With sand involved, you can get lots of other colors (yellow, pink, purple, and even green), though this is usually only seen on beaches.
* Clay. Clay's often account for a large percentage of the weight of soil. They also usually account for many of the color variations. Most likely, that red soil near where you live has a lot of hematite rich clay in it. Clay's mostly contribute red, yellow, and brown shades to soil, but can in theory give almost any color. Brightly colored soils are usually the result of a sesquioxide clay, and can in theory be almost any color (red from iron, blue from copper or cobalt, green from copper, nickel, or chromium, yellow from chromium or iron, purple from manganese, etc), though only iron is particularly common.
* Humus. Humus is heavily decomposed organic matter. It has a rather distinctly dark brown (almost black) color to it, and also accounts for.much of the earthy smell of soil.
Beyond those, there are a few other things that may be in soil and impact the color:
* Charcoal. Usually found only in certain climates (warm with lots of humidity, like tropical rainforests), gives a very dark color to the soil.
* Fungus. There's *a lot* of fungus in soil. Usually, it's not concentrated enough (or colorful enough) to have an impact, but in places where there is a very high concentration, it can have a localized impact on soil color.
* Shells. Either from diatoms (that's what diatomaceous earth is, lots and lots of microscopic shells), or very finely ground shells from bigger organisms. You've probably seen pictures of pink or salmon colored beaches, the same effect can also happen to a much lesser degree in soil too. Usually though, lots of shells just turns soil white.
So, what color would that translate to on average? Well, for topsoil, due to the generally high humus content, probably a rather dark brown. Averaging over all soil, most likely something significantly lighter, as deeper soil tends to have much lower concentrations of organic matter, but likely still tan or beige. |
14,492 | Where I live the soil is red.
Is there a map or chart where you can see the average color of the dirt according to geographical location? What would the color be if all of the dirt on Earth was added equally to a pallet?
I understand that composition of minerals determines dirt color but what makes dirt its color is not the question I am asking.
Kata Tjuta, Northern Territory, Australia
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/qEQh9.jpg)
Sagada, Mountain Province, Philippines
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/qbciQ.jpg)
<https://eugeneexplorer.wordpress.com/2016/11/22/blue-soil-hills/>
Gentry County, Missouri, United States
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/xPzeV.jpg)
<http://www.airphotona.com/image.asp?imageid=11944> | 2018/06/25 | [
"https://earthscience.stackexchange.com/questions/14492",
"https://earthscience.stackexchange.com",
"https://earthscience.stackexchange.com/users/5052/"
] | This gif, prepared by the United States Department of Agriculture - Natural Resources Conservation Services (USDA-NRCS) soil scientists at the National Soil Survey Center, has soil colors based on the [Munsell Color System](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munsell_color_system) for the United States at different depths:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/hYB1E.gif)
The soil colors nearest the surface are darker due to more organic matter and are lighter at depth with varying colors by region.
Source: <http://munsell.com/color-blog/soil-colors-national-parks-anniversary/>
This link also has soil colors of select United States National Parks. For example:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/XudzC.jpg) | @Muze “What would the color be if all of the dirt on Earth was added equally to a palette?” The average color of dirt is Pantone Warm Grey #11C. |
14,492 | Where I live the soil is red.
Is there a map or chart where you can see the average color of the dirt according to geographical location? What would the color be if all of the dirt on Earth was added equally to a pallet?
I understand that composition of minerals determines dirt color but what makes dirt its color is not the question I am asking.
Kata Tjuta, Northern Territory, Australia
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/qEQh9.jpg)
Sagada, Mountain Province, Philippines
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/qbciQ.jpg)
<https://eugeneexplorer.wordpress.com/2016/11/22/blue-soil-hills/>
Gentry County, Missouri, United States
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/xPzeV.jpg)
<http://www.airphotona.com/image.asp?imageid=11944> | 2018/06/25 | [
"https://earthscience.stackexchange.com/questions/14492",
"https://earthscience.stackexchange.com",
"https://earthscience.stackexchange.com/users/5052/"
] | Soil color is largely determined by it's composition.
There are three main components in soil:
* Gravel, sand, and silt. In essence, the type of stuff you find in sedimentary rocks. Usually, this is mostly silicate minerals like quartz, feldspar, and mica, and is usually pretty bland in terms of color. In theory, certain silt minerals (olivines for example) can produce greenish soils, though concentrations that high are generally uncommon. With sand involved, you can get lots of other colors (yellow, pink, purple, and even green), though this is usually only seen on beaches.
* Clay. Clay's often account for a large percentage of the weight of soil. They also usually account for many of the color variations. Most likely, that red soil near where you live has a lot of hematite rich clay in it. Clay's mostly contribute red, yellow, and brown shades to soil, but can in theory give almost any color. Brightly colored soils are usually the result of a sesquioxide clay, and can in theory be almost any color (red from iron, blue from copper or cobalt, green from copper, nickel, or chromium, yellow from chromium or iron, purple from manganese, etc), though only iron is particularly common.
* Humus. Humus is heavily decomposed organic matter. It has a rather distinctly dark brown (almost black) color to it, and also accounts for.much of the earthy smell of soil.
Beyond those, there are a few other things that may be in soil and impact the color:
* Charcoal. Usually found only in certain climates (warm with lots of humidity, like tropical rainforests), gives a very dark color to the soil.
* Fungus. There's *a lot* of fungus in soil. Usually, it's not concentrated enough (or colorful enough) to have an impact, but in places where there is a very high concentration, it can have a localized impact on soil color.
* Shells. Either from diatoms (that's what diatomaceous earth is, lots and lots of microscopic shells), or very finely ground shells from bigger organisms. You've probably seen pictures of pink or salmon colored beaches, the same effect can also happen to a much lesser degree in soil too. Usually though, lots of shells just turns soil white.
So, what color would that translate to on average? Well, for topsoil, due to the generally high humus content, probably a rather dark brown. Averaging over all soil, most likely something significantly lighter, as deeper soil tends to have much lower concentrations of organic matter, but likely still tan or beige. | @Muze “What would the color be if all of the dirt on Earth was added equally to a palette?” The average color of dirt is Pantone Warm Grey #11C. |
6,047,734 | My team and I are working on a .net web app project for the first time. We want to know the most effective way to debug issues on a production server. Currently, we ftp upload our work to a client's production server.
Since our background is in LAMP, we're using to SSHing into the production server, and using a combination of die(), print\_r() and comment out techniques to troubleshoot the problem.
Unless I misunderstand the way .net work, I don't think i can use the same approach because changes to .net code behind requires a complete re-build of the project (on localhost), then an upload. This is too time consuming....
Is there a better way to troubleshoot issues on a production server? | 2011/05/18 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/6047734",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/27305/"
] | There are really only three ways to debug server side issues.
**Logging**
Plan ahead and add logging to your application. Most logging frameworks like log4net and Enterprise library have modes to log more or less information depending on a configuration setting. IIS also has its own logging that you can look at.
**Instrumentation**
You can add performance counters to your application and also use the existing performance counters if you are having a performance issue. Also tools available from Sysinternals and WireShark can come in handy for problems outside of your code.
**Memory Dumps**
You can capture memory dumps of your application and use a tool like WinDbg to look at a snapshot of what's going on in your system. | There are a variety of different logging frameworks for you to choose from that you can change the settings without the need of a rebuild. You can set the logging level within a config file, Eg. Error, Warning, Debug, etc...
You include instrumentation code for all logging levels in your application and those log statements will only execute if the log level is set.
Here is an example of one such offering.
<http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff647183.aspx> |
6,047,734 | My team and I are working on a .net web app project for the first time. We want to know the most effective way to debug issues on a production server. Currently, we ftp upload our work to a client's production server.
Since our background is in LAMP, we're using to SSHing into the production server, and using a combination of die(), print\_r() and comment out techniques to troubleshoot the problem.
Unless I misunderstand the way .net work, I don't think i can use the same approach because changes to .net code behind requires a complete re-build of the project (on localhost), then an upload. This is too time consuming....
Is there a better way to troubleshoot issues on a production server? | 2011/05/18 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/6047734",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/27305/"
] | When dealing with production issues, its best to have an environment that replicates production. In that environment you can deploy the same app, but with debug enabled. This would allow for you to have a whole suite of tools you dont want available in production.
Once armed with this environment, all you need is to find out where the exception is happening (through logging/tracing) and how to reproduce the problem.
The issue is production environments are design to be fast (no debugging, minimal logging) and secure. So admins hate things like debugging or even the concept of remote debugging.
The goal of well designed architecture/production software, is to collect enough information about what went wrong, so you can reproduce the error/scenario in another environment. | There are a variety of different logging frameworks for you to choose from that you can change the settings without the need of a rebuild. You can set the logging level within a config file, Eg. Error, Warning, Debug, etc...
You include instrumentation code for all logging levels in your application and those log statements will only execute if the log level is set.
Here is an example of one such offering.
<http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff647183.aspx> |
6,047,734 | My team and I are working on a .net web app project for the first time. We want to know the most effective way to debug issues on a production server. Currently, we ftp upload our work to a client's production server.
Since our background is in LAMP, we're using to SSHing into the production server, and using a combination of die(), print\_r() and comment out techniques to troubleshoot the problem.
Unless I misunderstand the way .net work, I don't think i can use the same approach because changes to .net code behind requires a complete re-build of the project (on localhost), then an upload. This is too time consuming....
Is there a better way to troubleshoot issues on a production server? | 2011/05/18 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/6047734",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/27305/"
] | There are really only three ways to debug server side issues.
**Logging**
Plan ahead and add logging to your application. Most logging frameworks like log4net and Enterprise library have modes to log more or less information depending on a configuration setting. IIS also has its own logging that you can look at.
**Instrumentation**
You can add performance counters to your application and also use the existing performance counters if you are having a performance issue. Also tools available from Sysinternals and WireShark can come in handy for problems outside of your code.
**Memory Dumps**
You can capture memory dumps of your application and use a tool like WinDbg to look at a snapshot of what's going on in your system. | The stack traces provided in .NET, once you learn to understand them, provide often enough value to really track down an error. You can enable remote debugging but since it's a client's machine and it's a real pain in the butt, I would avoid that.
Mostly you make sure you have test coverage, understand how to read exceptions, and take some time thinking about exceptions you see. In 10 years of .NET work I have only wanted to debug on a production server once and I ended up finding out the bug without that.
Also, you can use ELMAH to capture unhandled exceptions, which is helpful. |
6,047,734 | My team and I are working on a .net web app project for the first time. We want to know the most effective way to debug issues on a production server. Currently, we ftp upload our work to a client's production server.
Since our background is in LAMP, we're using to SSHing into the production server, and using a combination of die(), print\_r() and comment out techniques to troubleshoot the problem.
Unless I misunderstand the way .net work, I don't think i can use the same approach because changes to .net code behind requires a complete re-build of the project (on localhost), then an upload. This is too time consuming....
Is there a better way to troubleshoot issues on a production server? | 2011/05/18 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/6047734",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/27305/"
] | There are really only three ways to debug server side issues.
**Logging**
Plan ahead and add logging to your application. Most logging frameworks like log4net and Enterprise library have modes to log more or less information depending on a configuration setting. IIS also has its own logging that you can look at.
**Instrumentation**
You can add performance counters to your application and also use the existing performance counters if you are having a performance issue. Also tools available from Sysinternals and WireShark can come in handy for problems outside of your code.
**Memory Dumps**
You can capture memory dumps of your application and use a tool like WinDbg to look at a snapshot of what's going on in your system. | Debugging should happen at development phase with "debug" option enabled. When you deploy to Production turn off "debug" option for efficiency. In production, however you can log the error/exceptions/stack traces etc in a log file which will help you to troubleshoot the issue at hand.
Again, those die(), print\_r() are perl debugging way since perl don't have any built in exception OR error tracing mechanism. That way it don't work in case of .NET. |
6,047,734 | My team and I are working on a .net web app project for the first time. We want to know the most effective way to debug issues on a production server. Currently, we ftp upload our work to a client's production server.
Since our background is in LAMP, we're using to SSHing into the production server, and using a combination of die(), print\_r() and comment out techniques to troubleshoot the problem.
Unless I misunderstand the way .net work, I don't think i can use the same approach because changes to .net code behind requires a complete re-build of the project (on localhost), then an upload. This is too time consuming....
Is there a better way to troubleshoot issues on a production server? | 2011/05/18 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/6047734",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/27305/"
] | When dealing with production issues, its best to have an environment that replicates production. In that environment you can deploy the same app, but with debug enabled. This would allow for you to have a whole suite of tools you dont want available in production.
Once armed with this environment, all you need is to find out where the exception is happening (through logging/tracing) and how to reproduce the problem.
The issue is production environments are design to be fast (no debugging, minimal logging) and secure. So admins hate things like debugging or even the concept of remote debugging.
The goal of well designed architecture/production software, is to collect enough information about what went wrong, so you can reproduce the error/scenario in another environment. | The stack traces provided in .NET, once you learn to understand them, provide often enough value to really track down an error. You can enable remote debugging but since it's a client's machine and it's a real pain in the butt, I would avoid that.
Mostly you make sure you have test coverage, understand how to read exceptions, and take some time thinking about exceptions you see. In 10 years of .NET work I have only wanted to debug on a production server once and I ended up finding out the bug without that.
Also, you can use ELMAH to capture unhandled exceptions, which is helpful. |
6,047,734 | My team and I are working on a .net web app project for the first time. We want to know the most effective way to debug issues on a production server. Currently, we ftp upload our work to a client's production server.
Since our background is in LAMP, we're using to SSHing into the production server, and using a combination of die(), print\_r() and comment out techniques to troubleshoot the problem.
Unless I misunderstand the way .net work, I don't think i can use the same approach because changes to .net code behind requires a complete re-build of the project (on localhost), then an upload. This is too time consuming....
Is there a better way to troubleshoot issues on a production server? | 2011/05/18 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/6047734",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/27305/"
] | When dealing with production issues, its best to have an environment that replicates production. In that environment you can deploy the same app, but with debug enabled. This would allow for you to have a whole suite of tools you dont want available in production.
Once armed with this environment, all you need is to find out where the exception is happening (through logging/tracing) and how to reproduce the problem.
The issue is production environments are design to be fast (no debugging, minimal logging) and secure. So admins hate things like debugging or even the concept of remote debugging.
The goal of well designed architecture/production software, is to collect enough information about what went wrong, so you can reproduce the error/scenario in another environment. | Debugging should happen at development phase with "debug" option enabled. When you deploy to Production turn off "debug" option for efficiency. In production, however you can log the error/exceptions/stack traces etc in a log file which will help you to troubleshoot the issue at hand.
Again, those die(), print\_r() are perl debugging way since perl don't have any built in exception OR error tracing mechanism. That way it don't work in case of .NET. |
49,888 | In the following sentence, why have author used "did have" instead of "had" ? Is it grammatically correct at all ?
>
> I don't want to diminish her achievements, but she **did have** a lot of help.
>
>
> | 2015/02/16 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/49888",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/14206/"
] | Yes, it is correct. *Did* is used emphatically.
Considering your case, the use of *did have* makes the sentence similar to
>
> I don't want to diminish her achievements, but she *had* a lot of help **indeed**.
>
>
>
The following sentences are fine:
>
> I **warned** Clara that it would be dangerous.
>
>
> I **did warn** Clara that it would be dangerous.
>
>
>
The second one suggests that the speaker was right about warning Clara as something has probably happened to her.
Notice that you can use the same structure with the present simple (*do/does + base form*) :
>
> She *does know* how to make people happy.
>
>
> She really *knows* how to make people happy.
>
>
> | When we want to give a sentence positive emphasis in English, we normally put stress on the auxiliary verb (including the normal use of the verb *BE*). The second examples in the sentences below are emphatic. The stressed words are in ***bold italics***:
* She's happy / She ***is*** happy.
* They've been helpful / They ***have*** been helpful.
* I can run fast / I ***can*** run fast.
* I'll finish my homework / I ***will*** finish my homework. I promise.
Notice that if we want to stress the auxiliary, we cannot contract it. For example in the first emphatic sentence we see "She ***is***", not "she'***s***".
Sometimes we have a small problem, because some sentences in English do not have an auxiliary verb. We don't usually see an auxiliary verb in normal sentences if we use Present Simple or Past Simple verb forms:
* He likes champagne.
* She looked happy.
When we want to make these sentences emphatic, we need to use the dummy auxiliary verb *DO*. This is the same auxiliary we use to make negatives and questions in the present simple and past simple:
**Questions**
* **Does** he like champagne?
* **Did** she look happy?
**Negatives**
* He **doesn't** like champagne.
* She **didn't** look happy.
**Emphatic sentences**
* He **does** like champagne!
* She **did** look happy!
In the emphatic sentences we see the dummy auxiliary *DO* being used so that it can take stress.
**The original Poster's example**
>
> I don't want to diminish her achievements, but she ***did*** have a lot of help.
>
>
>
That last clause is an emphatic version of:
* but she had a lot of help.
*DO* is being used as a dummy auxiliary here.
*Hope this is helpful!* |
313,654 | I have downloaded a hgt file from EarthExplorer but when I try to load it on QGIS I get an error "GDAL provider cannot open GDAL dataset".
I was under the impression that hgt files were supported. It this a known issue? Is there any workaround? | 2019/02/26 | [
"https://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/313654",
"https://gis.stackexchange.com",
"https://gis.stackexchange.com/users/6713/"
] | Keeping the original filename is essential because the HGT format is a very simple file format (simply a 3601×3601 array of short integers which represent the terrain heights) with no embedded metadata. There is nothing within the file to indicate which part of the Earth’s surface it covers, nor are any separate metadata files provided. The position is encoded into the file’s name. For example, the file N19W157.hgt covers a 1°×1° section of the earth at latitude 19° North and longitude 157° West. It is therefore imperative that these files are not renamed, as the only way to determine the coordinates is by parsing the file name. | I have actually found out what was happening. Renaming the file caused the problem. I have no clue why, but that's what caused the issue. When I kept the original filename, it worked perfectly. |
1,944 | It's all very well to use multi-factor authentication, but supposing you want to 'destroy a factor' so that in an situation where you are likely to be coerced to provide your passphrase, you can happily turn it over while smugly informing the attacker that it will do them no good because the physical token is 'dead'?
Does anyone manufacture hardware tokens which do not require physical strength in order to quickly 'destroy' them (ie. zero out the private key) when the user is under duress? | 2011/01/30 | [
"https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/1944",
"https://security.stackexchange.com",
"https://security.stackexchange.com/users/1251/"
] | Although its a cool idea, I think these would be practically impossible to use. A better idea would be a tamper-pin. If coerced, give the tamper pin which renders the smartcard/token/etc useless when entered into a system.
To (try to) answer your question, I haven't seen any commercial solutions, but I bet you can find custom hardware.
EDIT: There is the Verisign OTP card that PayPal uses which is pretty flimsy. While it's not designed to be broken, I can easily crush/snap the thing in half. You can check it here: <http://www.verisign.com/authentication/two-factor-authentication/compare-two-factor-authentication/index.html> | What you're looking for is a system with a "duress" option or duress code. We use these pretty commonly with our facilities - but not often enough with our computing assets.
Duress functions can come in a variety of styles (from invalidating a card or locking it) - which is the gemalto/activeclient pairing's method of handling locks (after X login attempts), though the lock command could be sourced through any major vendor (such as Gemalto) fairly simply if your middleware supported such a feature.
L-1 identity solutions also has a reader/card solution that provides duress capacity. Though it is a strong multifactor system and includes biometric identity so may not be quite what you're looking for.
<http://www.ibix.com.mx/pdf/VStation.pdf>
<http://www.l1id.com/files/288-DS-bio-vsmart.pdf> |
1,944 | It's all very well to use multi-factor authentication, but supposing you want to 'destroy a factor' so that in an situation where you are likely to be coerced to provide your passphrase, you can happily turn it over while smugly informing the attacker that it will do them no good because the physical token is 'dead'?
Does anyone manufacture hardware tokens which do not require physical strength in order to quickly 'destroy' them (ie. zero out the private key) when the user is under duress? | 2011/01/30 | [
"https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/1944",
"https://security.stackexchange.com",
"https://security.stackexchange.com/users/1251/"
] | Although its a cool idea, I think these would be practically impossible to use. A better idea would be a tamper-pin. If coerced, give the tamper pin which renders the smartcard/token/etc useless when entered into a system.
To (try to) answer your question, I haven't seen any commercial solutions, but I bet you can find custom hardware.
EDIT: There is the Verisign OTP card that PayPal uses which is pretty flimsy. While it's not designed to be broken, I can easily crush/snap the thing in half. You can check it here: <http://www.verisign.com/authentication/two-factor-authentication/compare-two-factor-authentication/index.html> | You can feed a smart card though a shredder, that would work well. I've also heard that diehard "anti-ID" folks have used hole punchers effectively.
But generally having a duress PIN would be a nice feature, if you're really paranoid. Other simpler options might be locking the card with wrong PIN entries or similar methods. |
70,554 | I was recently offered a position of managing 3 individual shops in a shopping mall. Before me, there were 3 other store managers, one for each shop. All three of them transferred or were fired, each for different reasons. Since then the assistant store managers have been responsible for the shops before I took over.
I am facing a problem with one of the assistant managers who was expecting to be promoted to manage her store, but the company instead gave all 3 positions to me. She acts bitter and refuses to co-operate and does everything on her own without informing me. On top of that, she has accused me of being rude to her - which I am not - and I have been called for an HR meeting regarding "my behavior".
I really don't know how to handle this situation, as I have never even had an argument with her during these 3 weeks. I also feel also embarrassed for being accused of being rude. What do I say to HR? How can I deal with this assistant manager? | 2016/06/28 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/70554",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/53305/"
] | A meeting to set or reset expectations is overdue with this assistant manager of yours.
If necessary, hold this meeting in presence of HR, and put her on written notice about her behavior (e.g., not following orders, making false accusations). Make sure she understands -- in no uncertain terms -- that her continued employment depends on her proper subordination etiquette.
I have never been in management, but have witnessed this type of behavior more than just once. A disgruntled long-time employee, thinking his or her thunder is being stolen, throws temper tantrums. I think your being nice is taken as being weak. You need to eradicate that misconception and nip it in the bud, before it fully blooms into an unsubstantiated fact among all workers.
Of course this all assumes you want continued employment at your present employer. | One got fired, one got transferred and now one is left with you taking on all three positions. Sound like the company trusts you and you should continue doing your job as you did to earn such position. Just let this other manager be herself and it sounds like the company is more than ready to do something about it. |
70,554 | I was recently offered a position of managing 3 individual shops in a shopping mall. Before me, there were 3 other store managers, one for each shop. All three of them transferred or were fired, each for different reasons. Since then the assistant store managers have been responsible for the shops before I took over.
I am facing a problem with one of the assistant managers who was expecting to be promoted to manage her store, but the company instead gave all 3 positions to me. She acts bitter and refuses to co-operate and does everything on her own without informing me. On top of that, she has accused me of being rude to her - which I am not - and I have been called for an HR meeting regarding "my behavior".
I really don't know how to handle this situation, as I have never even had an argument with her during these 3 weeks. I also feel also embarrassed for being accused of being rude. What do I say to HR? How can I deal with this assistant manager? | 2016/06/28 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/70554",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/53305/"
] | To be honest I feel you have a heap of bad answers here:
* you are new. I doubt you have leverage to put someone on written notice after they just went to HR about you. In fact if you can, your HR may be totally clueless.
* holding a meeting with you and AM with HR is probably the worst thing you can do. How do you think this will work out? Holy crap, you could be canned or crying by end of meeting.
* talking with other employees is almost as bad of advice. You aren't Columbo solving the case of the rude remarks. Pretty sure that these people could be on the AM's side not yours (they were passed over too).
* Document, document, document... Yep so you can show everyone and look like a clown busy documenting a petty fight instead of doing their job of managing three stores.
What you do:
1. Talk to your boss. For sure the #1 thing. Whoever hired you - explain your situation.
2. Get HR involved. Let them know what has happened. You shouldn't be writing her up or putting her on notice. Let them know exactly what is going on. Let them think of a plan they want to catch her or to deal with her. If she has no history of doing "bad" things I would not be aggressive at all. Maybe she was a %$&$# but just needed a few weeks to blow off steam. If she has a poor track record HR will push it for you... However I doubt much gets to HR from mall shops.
3. I would suggest as much communication as possible you have with AM is through email. And not with your boss cc'ed. If the AM wants to disregard your emails or backtalk it is easily trackable.
4. Your relationship isn't lost with the AM yet. If you lose it you could have a really really long year especially if the AM is good at playing games and working management. After a few weeks have a one-on-one phone call with her - these should happen every week or two ongoing. Discuss how things are going. Make sure your manager is also on the call - in the background. You have to trust manager won't speak or that manager will fire her if he/she does because this could backfire.
5. Depending on how things go the first month, you then might need to write her up, put her on notice or whatever. If she starts acting drastic I am sure it could happen sooner but I wouldn't push the one month timeline.
**Another side note:** People are assuming she is retaliating because she didn't get the position and she is a huge issue - this completely could be correct. But if there are three managers gone at the same time this signals there were some major issues at the stores. Total mismanagement, theft, not abiding company policy, whatever. This employee could have been a "whistle-blower" and a great employee before the firings and was possibly promised something. She might be more qualified than you. That doesn't mean you give her your job - it's your job - but you need to step back and get the facts and assess things. The best possible outcome is that she stays on and is a great employee. If you pull that out your management will be very high on you - you firing her may get their attention in a bad way. | For this specific HR meeting, regarding the assistant manager's claim that you have been rude to her, here is what I did in a similar situation.
Speak to the assistant managers and employees at other stores publicly. Ask them if during your tenure as manager of the 3 stores have they felt as though you had been rude or disrespectful towards them or have they witnessed you being rude/disrespectful towards other employees.
If they answer yes, find out when those instances took place, ask the individuals to write up the incident and provide a signed copy of their write up to you as well as to HR.
If their answer is no, ask them if they wouldn't mind indicating that in a letter of support. I would avoid the store where the individual making the allegedly false claims works.
This does a number of things for you:
1. It establishes either a show of support from subordinate staff at the other stores under your supervision in writing to HR or it establishes that you are proactively engaging your subordinates to be a good manager.
2. It shows that you do in fact care about treating your employees with respect and dignity and that you can and are willing to accept criticism and are willing to learn and change the ways in which you interact with coworker/subordinates.
3. It also leaves the other asst. manager hanging on a limb for not at first attempting to resolve the conflict with you one on one, demonstrating her lack of conflict resolution skills as well as a lack of understanding of the chain of command.
4. It also points out that she waited until after being passed over for promotion and after you had been chosen for the promotion to lodge her complaint against you.
In my experience, subordinates talk with each other, especially if they feel they have been wronged or mistreated by management, and most of the time if a manager is rude to one, he or she is almost always rude to many. If your engagement with the other assistant managers and employees does not reveal a legitimate history of rudeness by you, it will decrease the validity of the other asst. manager's claim and make her look more like a petulant little child than a professional and mature adult.
Hope it all works out for you! |
70,554 | I was recently offered a position of managing 3 individual shops in a shopping mall. Before me, there were 3 other store managers, one for each shop. All three of them transferred or were fired, each for different reasons. Since then the assistant store managers have been responsible for the shops before I took over.
I am facing a problem with one of the assistant managers who was expecting to be promoted to manage her store, but the company instead gave all 3 positions to me. She acts bitter and refuses to co-operate and does everything on her own without informing me. On top of that, she has accused me of being rude to her - which I am not - and I have been called for an HR meeting regarding "my behavior".
I really don't know how to handle this situation, as I have never even had an argument with her during these 3 weeks. I also feel also embarrassed for being accused of being rude. What do I say to HR? How can I deal with this assistant manager? | 2016/06/28 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/70554",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/53305/"
] | A meeting to set or reset expectations is overdue with this assistant manager of yours.
If necessary, hold this meeting in presence of HR, and put her on written notice about her behavior (e.g., not following orders, making false accusations). Make sure she understands -- in no uncertain terms -- that her continued employment depends on her proper subordination etiquette.
I have never been in management, but have witnessed this type of behavior more than just once. A disgruntled long-time employee, thinking his or her thunder is being stolen, throws temper tantrums. I think your being nice is taken as being weak. You need to eradicate that misconception and nip it in the bud, before it fully blooms into an unsubstantiated fact among all workers.
Of course this all assumes you want continued employment at your present employer. | To be honest I feel you have a heap of bad answers here:
* you are new. I doubt you have leverage to put someone on written notice after they just went to HR about you. In fact if you can, your HR may be totally clueless.
* holding a meeting with you and AM with HR is probably the worst thing you can do. How do you think this will work out? Holy crap, you could be canned or crying by end of meeting.
* talking with other employees is almost as bad of advice. You aren't Columbo solving the case of the rude remarks. Pretty sure that these people could be on the AM's side not yours (they were passed over too).
* Document, document, document... Yep so you can show everyone and look like a clown busy documenting a petty fight instead of doing their job of managing three stores.
What you do:
1. Talk to your boss. For sure the #1 thing. Whoever hired you - explain your situation.
2. Get HR involved. Let them know what has happened. You shouldn't be writing her up or putting her on notice. Let them know exactly what is going on. Let them think of a plan they want to catch her or to deal with her. If she has no history of doing "bad" things I would not be aggressive at all. Maybe she was a %$&$# but just needed a few weeks to blow off steam. If she has a poor track record HR will push it for you... However I doubt much gets to HR from mall shops.
3. I would suggest as much communication as possible you have with AM is through email. And not with your boss cc'ed. If the AM wants to disregard your emails or backtalk it is easily trackable.
4. Your relationship isn't lost with the AM yet. If you lose it you could have a really really long year especially if the AM is good at playing games and working management. After a few weeks have a one-on-one phone call with her - these should happen every week or two ongoing. Discuss how things are going. Make sure your manager is also on the call - in the background. You have to trust manager won't speak or that manager will fire her if he/she does because this could backfire.
5. Depending on how things go the first month, you then might need to write her up, put her on notice or whatever. If she starts acting drastic I am sure it could happen sooner but I wouldn't push the one month timeline.
**Another side note:** People are assuming she is retaliating because she didn't get the position and she is a huge issue - this completely could be correct. But if there are three managers gone at the same time this signals there were some major issues at the stores. Total mismanagement, theft, not abiding company policy, whatever. This employee could have been a "whistle-blower" and a great employee before the firings and was possibly promised something. She might be more qualified than you. That doesn't mean you give her your job - it's your job - but you need to step back and get the facts and assess things. The best possible outcome is that she stays on and is a great employee. If you pull that out your management will be very high on you - you firing her may get their attention in a bad way. |
70,554 | I was recently offered a position of managing 3 individual shops in a shopping mall. Before me, there were 3 other store managers, one for each shop. All three of them transferred or were fired, each for different reasons. Since then the assistant store managers have been responsible for the shops before I took over.
I am facing a problem with one of the assistant managers who was expecting to be promoted to manage her store, but the company instead gave all 3 positions to me. She acts bitter and refuses to co-operate and does everything on her own without informing me. On top of that, she has accused me of being rude to her - which I am not - and I have been called for an HR meeting regarding "my behavior".
I really don't know how to handle this situation, as I have never even had an argument with her during these 3 weeks. I also feel also embarrassed for being accused of being rude. What do I say to HR? How can I deal with this assistant manager? | 2016/06/28 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/70554",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/53305/"
] | I suspect they promoted you for good reasons.
Be calm. It is up to her to prove it did happen more than you prove it did not.
The question is if you should use this HR meeting to address her performance issues. HR may not want you to expand the subject and it may look like you are getting defensive. Yes her performance and attitude needs to be addressed but this may not be the meeting to do that.
You should talk to your boss - give him / her the facts and ask how to proceed. If the meeting is going to be used to address performance issues then ask your boss to attend. | One got fired, one got transferred and now one is left with you taking on all three positions. Sound like the company trusts you and you should continue doing your job as you did to earn such position. Just let this other manager be herself and it sounds like the company is more than ready to do something about it. |
70,554 | I was recently offered a position of managing 3 individual shops in a shopping mall. Before me, there were 3 other store managers, one for each shop. All three of them transferred or were fired, each for different reasons. Since then the assistant store managers have been responsible for the shops before I took over.
I am facing a problem with one of the assistant managers who was expecting to be promoted to manage her store, but the company instead gave all 3 positions to me. She acts bitter and refuses to co-operate and does everything on her own without informing me. On top of that, she has accused me of being rude to her - which I am not - and I have been called for an HR meeting regarding "my behavior".
I really don't know how to handle this situation, as I have never even had an argument with her during these 3 weeks. I also feel also embarrassed for being accused of being rude. What do I say to HR? How can I deal with this assistant manager? | 2016/06/28 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/70554",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/53305/"
] | One got fired, one got transferred and now one is left with you taking on all three positions. Sound like the company trusts you and you should continue doing your job as you did to earn such position. Just let this other manager be herself and it sounds like the company is more than ready to do something about it. | For this specific HR meeting, regarding the assistant manager's claim that you have been rude to her, here is what I did in a similar situation.
Speak to the assistant managers and employees at other stores publicly. Ask them if during your tenure as manager of the 3 stores have they felt as though you had been rude or disrespectful towards them or have they witnessed you being rude/disrespectful towards other employees.
If they answer yes, find out when those instances took place, ask the individuals to write up the incident and provide a signed copy of their write up to you as well as to HR.
If their answer is no, ask them if they wouldn't mind indicating that in a letter of support. I would avoid the store where the individual making the allegedly false claims works.
This does a number of things for you:
1. It establishes either a show of support from subordinate staff at the other stores under your supervision in writing to HR or it establishes that you are proactively engaging your subordinates to be a good manager.
2. It shows that you do in fact care about treating your employees with respect and dignity and that you can and are willing to accept criticism and are willing to learn and change the ways in which you interact with coworker/subordinates.
3. It also leaves the other asst. manager hanging on a limb for not at first attempting to resolve the conflict with you one on one, demonstrating her lack of conflict resolution skills as well as a lack of understanding of the chain of command.
4. It also points out that she waited until after being passed over for promotion and after you had been chosen for the promotion to lodge her complaint against you.
In my experience, subordinates talk with each other, especially if they feel they have been wronged or mistreated by management, and most of the time if a manager is rude to one, he or she is almost always rude to many. If your engagement with the other assistant managers and employees does not reveal a legitimate history of rudeness by you, it will decrease the validity of the other asst. manager's claim and make her look more like a petulant little child than a professional and mature adult.
Hope it all works out for you! |
70,554 | I was recently offered a position of managing 3 individual shops in a shopping mall. Before me, there were 3 other store managers, one for each shop. All three of them transferred or were fired, each for different reasons. Since then the assistant store managers have been responsible for the shops before I took over.
I am facing a problem with one of the assistant managers who was expecting to be promoted to manage her store, but the company instead gave all 3 positions to me. She acts bitter and refuses to co-operate and does everything on her own without informing me. On top of that, she has accused me of being rude to her - which I am not - and I have been called for an HR meeting regarding "my behavior".
I really don't know how to handle this situation, as I have never even had an argument with her during these 3 weeks. I also feel also embarrassed for being accused of being rude. What do I say to HR? How can I deal with this assistant manager? | 2016/06/28 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/70554",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/53305/"
] | I suspect they promoted you for good reasons.
Be calm. It is up to her to prove it did happen more than you prove it did not.
The question is if you should use this HR meeting to address her performance issues. HR may not want you to expand the subject and it may look like you are getting defensive. Yes her performance and attitude needs to be addressed but this may not be the meeting to do that.
You should talk to your boss - give him / her the facts and ask how to proceed. If the meeting is going to be used to address performance issues then ask your boss to attend. | For this specific HR meeting, regarding the assistant manager's claim that you have been rude to her, here is what I did in a similar situation.
Speak to the assistant managers and employees at other stores publicly. Ask them if during your tenure as manager of the 3 stores have they felt as though you had been rude or disrespectful towards them or have they witnessed you being rude/disrespectful towards other employees.
If they answer yes, find out when those instances took place, ask the individuals to write up the incident and provide a signed copy of their write up to you as well as to HR.
If their answer is no, ask them if they wouldn't mind indicating that in a letter of support. I would avoid the store where the individual making the allegedly false claims works.
This does a number of things for you:
1. It establishes either a show of support from subordinate staff at the other stores under your supervision in writing to HR or it establishes that you are proactively engaging your subordinates to be a good manager.
2. It shows that you do in fact care about treating your employees with respect and dignity and that you can and are willing to accept criticism and are willing to learn and change the ways in which you interact with coworker/subordinates.
3. It also leaves the other asst. manager hanging on a limb for not at first attempting to resolve the conflict with you one on one, demonstrating her lack of conflict resolution skills as well as a lack of understanding of the chain of command.
4. It also points out that she waited until after being passed over for promotion and after you had been chosen for the promotion to lodge her complaint against you.
In my experience, subordinates talk with each other, especially if they feel they have been wronged or mistreated by management, and most of the time if a manager is rude to one, he or she is almost always rude to many. If your engagement with the other assistant managers and employees does not reveal a legitimate history of rudeness by you, it will decrease the validity of the other asst. manager's claim and make her look more like a petulant little child than a professional and mature adult.
Hope it all works out for you! |
70,554 | I was recently offered a position of managing 3 individual shops in a shopping mall. Before me, there were 3 other store managers, one for each shop. All three of them transferred or were fired, each for different reasons. Since then the assistant store managers have been responsible for the shops before I took over.
I am facing a problem with one of the assistant managers who was expecting to be promoted to manage her store, but the company instead gave all 3 positions to me. She acts bitter and refuses to co-operate and does everything on her own without informing me. On top of that, she has accused me of being rude to her - which I am not - and I have been called for an HR meeting regarding "my behavior".
I really don't know how to handle this situation, as I have never even had an argument with her during these 3 weeks. I also feel also embarrassed for being accused of being rude. What do I say to HR? How can I deal with this assistant manager? | 2016/06/28 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/70554",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/53305/"
] | I want to address this as realistically as possible and the theme here is you're the manager, she's an employee. You have the luxury from the start of being the company favorite, and your coworker has the disadvantage of being the only person complaining about you across an entire branch of stores.
Likewise, you're in retail. The documentation you have is what managers, i.e. you, see and report, and what customers see and report. If enough employees see and report to a manager, something gets done. In this case, one employee went to your manager. If it were me, this is a classic case of someone didn't like your promotion, you know it, HR knows it. You have to realize that HR has to process the claim, though. Ride it out.
What you're going to do is be completely objective. Your feelings aren't hurt, you aren't emotional, you're in a position of facts. HR will ask for each of your side of the story and she will be emotional about it, and you will be empathetic that an employee takes issue with you, but that at the same time you'd be perfectly happy to work with her on improving your relationship.
You will be open to improvement for not just one of the two of you, but the team, and you'll take responsibility for implementing that plan. You will be the agreeable one that wants to work on the issue, the coworker will have nothing but complaints. You will in no way shape or form be bashing her performance, and you may find it in you to add some praise for her in that she is a good worker and you had no idea there was a problem, and she will in some way be bashing you in her complaints.
You obviously don't believe you've done wrong and by answering HR's questions truthfully this will be revealed with due process. The situation will change if other employees or customers had complaints levied against you, this answer assumes there is one complaint, however. | I think you need to organize a meeting, and bring it out in the open with HR, that AM, and whoever else (senior) you think needs to be involved.
Talk to her before a witness, that you are trying to do what you think is best, and that you have 3 stores to manage. That you think that clearly the other person was expecting to get that job, but that the company chose you instead.
That you believe that since it was the company's decision, you and she should abide by it in the best interest of the three stores.
Discuss a way how she can be recognized. Maybe she can be more autonomous in the way she is running that particular store or department.
Good. Less work for you in that department.
And say, on the forum, that if people start complaining against each other to HR, it will not help matters in any way. That we need to resolve issues among ourselves.
Also, take control, and go on record, to say, that since you are her supervisor, she needs to first raise her complaints to you, and that if she is going to HR, that needs to be only for serious escalations, and not for everyday matters.
Tell her that this is how the business always works.
Remember, that bitter people are ALWAYS bitter. No matter how much you try to appease them, they will remain so.
And finally, think again about your new job. The company fired THREE store managers? Whatever the reasons, I don't think that it is coincidental. It has to do with an untrusting employer. What makes you think you won't be the fourth in line? |
70,554 | I was recently offered a position of managing 3 individual shops in a shopping mall. Before me, there were 3 other store managers, one for each shop. All three of them transferred or were fired, each for different reasons. Since then the assistant store managers have been responsible for the shops before I took over.
I am facing a problem with one of the assistant managers who was expecting to be promoted to manage her store, but the company instead gave all 3 positions to me. She acts bitter and refuses to co-operate and does everything on her own without informing me. On top of that, she has accused me of being rude to her - which I am not - and I have been called for an HR meeting regarding "my behavior".
I really don't know how to handle this situation, as I have never even had an argument with her during these 3 weeks. I also feel also embarrassed for being accused of being rude. What do I say to HR? How can I deal with this assistant manager? | 2016/06/28 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/70554",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/53305/"
] | I want to address this as realistically as possible and the theme here is you're the manager, she's an employee. You have the luxury from the start of being the company favorite, and your coworker has the disadvantage of being the only person complaining about you across an entire branch of stores.
Likewise, you're in retail. The documentation you have is what managers, i.e. you, see and report, and what customers see and report. If enough employees see and report to a manager, something gets done. In this case, one employee went to your manager. If it were me, this is a classic case of someone didn't like your promotion, you know it, HR knows it. You have to realize that HR has to process the claim, though. Ride it out.
What you're going to do is be completely objective. Your feelings aren't hurt, you aren't emotional, you're in a position of facts. HR will ask for each of your side of the story and she will be emotional about it, and you will be empathetic that an employee takes issue with you, but that at the same time you'd be perfectly happy to work with her on improving your relationship.
You will be open to improvement for not just one of the two of you, but the team, and you'll take responsibility for implementing that plan. You will be the agreeable one that wants to work on the issue, the coworker will have nothing but complaints. You will in no way shape or form be bashing her performance, and you may find it in you to add some praise for her in that she is a good worker and you had no idea there was a problem, and she will in some way be bashing you in her complaints.
You obviously don't believe you've done wrong and by answering HR's questions truthfully this will be revealed with due process. The situation will change if other employees or customers had complaints levied against you, this answer assumes there is one complaint, however. | One got fired, one got transferred and now one is left with you taking on all three positions. Sound like the company trusts you and you should continue doing your job as you did to earn such position. Just let this other manager be herself and it sounds like the company is more than ready to do something about it. |
70,554 | I was recently offered a position of managing 3 individual shops in a shopping mall. Before me, there were 3 other store managers, one for each shop. All three of them transferred or were fired, each for different reasons. Since then the assistant store managers have been responsible for the shops before I took over.
I am facing a problem with one of the assistant managers who was expecting to be promoted to manage her store, but the company instead gave all 3 positions to me. She acts bitter and refuses to co-operate and does everything on her own without informing me. On top of that, she has accused me of being rude to her - which I am not - and I have been called for an HR meeting regarding "my behavior".
I really don't know how to handle this situation, as I have never even had an argument with her during these 3 weeks. I also feel also embarrassed for being accused of being rude. What do I say to HR? How can I deal with this assistant manager? | 2016/06/28 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/70554",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/53305/"
] | A meeting to set or reset expectations is overdue with this assistant manager of yours.
If necessary, hold this meeting in presence of HR, and put her on written notice about her behavior (e.g., not following orders, making false accusations). Make sure she understands -- in no uncertain terms -- that her continued employment depends on her proper subordination etiquette.
I have never been in management, but have witnessed this type of behavior more than just once. A disgruntled long-time employee, thinking his or her thunder is being stolen, throws temper tantrums. I think your being nice is taken as being weak. You need to eradicate that misconception and nip it in the bud, before it fully blooms into an unsubstantiated fact among all workers.
Of course this all assumes you want continued employment at your present employer. | As always, Document, document, and then document. Keep a log book of your comings and goings, who you spoke to, and what was said. This is a good idea regardless as you've got a huge job ahead of you.
second, always be armed with questions. When a false accusation is hurled at you, ask questions. "When did this happen? How was I rude? What did I say, In what way was that rude."
Third, you can take the approach of taking her under your wing. If she's smart enough, she'll get the idea that she could fight you or be groomed for the next promotion, as I assume the three store management position you are in will be temporary. If she's too combative to go for that then....
It may be time to bring out the BFG. Take that long list of everything you've noted into a meeting with you, her and HR and make it clear that this behavior will no longer be tolerated. Give her a write up for bad conduct and make it clear that if the behavior continues, she's gone.
After that, if she steps up, compliment her in front of other staff for the good job she's doing. It costs nothing to be nice and it's always good to reinforce the behavior you want to see. |
70,554 | I was recently offered a position of managing 3 individual shops in a shopping mall. Before me, there were 3 other store managers, one for each shop. All three of them transferred or were fired, each for different reasons. Since then the assistant store managers have been responsible for the shops before I took over.
I am facing a problem with one of the assistant managers who was expecting to be promoted to manage her store, but the company instead gave all 3 positions to me. She acts bitter and refuses to co-operate and does everything on her own without informing me. On top of that, she has accused me of being rude to her - which I am not - and I have been called for an HR meeting regarding "my behavior".
I really don't know how to handle this situation, as I have never even had an argument with her during these 3 weeks. I also feel also embarrassed for being accused of being rude. What do I say to HR? How can I deal with this assistant manager? | 2016/06/28 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/70554",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/53305/"
] | To be honest I feel you have a heap of bad answers here:
* you are new. I doubt you have leverage to put someone on written notice after they just went to HR about you. In fact if you can, your HR may be totally clueless.
* holding a meeting with you and AM with HR is probably the worst thing you can do. How do you think this will work out? Holy crap, you could be canned or crying by end of meeting.
* talking with other employees is almost as bad of advice. You aren't Columbo solving the case of the rude remarks. Pretty sure that these people could be on the AM's side not yours (they were passed over too).
* Document, document, document... Yep so you can show everyone and look like a clown busy documenting a petty fight instead of doing their job of managing three stores.
What you do:
1. Talk to your boss. For sure the #1 thing. Whoever hired you - explain your situation.
2. Get HR involved. Let them know what has happened. You shouldn't be writing her up or putting her on notice. Let them know exactly what is going on. Let them think of a plan they want to catch her or to deal with her. If she has no history of doing "bad" things I would not be aggressive at all. Maybe she was a %$&$# but just needed a few weeks to blow off steam. If she has a poor track record HR will push it for you... However I doubt much gets to HR from mall shops.
3. I would suggest as much communication as possible you have with AM is through email. And not with your boss cc'ed. If the AM wants to disregard your emails or backtalk it is easily trackable.
4. Your relationship isn't lost with the AM yet. If you lose it you could have a really really long year especially if the AM is good at playing games and working management. After a few weeks have a one-on-one phone call with her - these should happen every week or two ongoing. Discuss how things are going. Make sure your manager is also on the call - in the background. You have to trust manager won't speak or that manager will fire her if he/she does because this could backfire.
5. Depending on how things go the first month, you then might need to write her up, put her on notice or whatever. If she starts acting drastic I am sure it could happen sooner but I wouldn't push the one month timeline.
**Another side note:** People are assuming she is retaliating because she didn't get the position and she is a huge issue - this completely could be correct. But if there are three managers gone at the same time this signals there were some major issues at the stores. Total mismanagement, theft, not abiding company policy, whatever. This employee could have been a "whistle-blower" and a great employee before the firings and was possibly promised something. She might be more qualified than you. That doesn't mean you give her your job - it's your job - but you need to step back and get the facts and assess things. The best possible outcome is that she stays on and is a great employee. If you pull that out your management will be very high on you - you firing her may get their attention in a bad way. | I suspect they promoted you for good reasons.
Be calm. It is up to her to prove it did happen more than you prove it did not.
The question is if you should use this HR meeting to address her performance issues. HR may not want you to expand the subject and it may look like you are getting defensive. Yes her performance and attitude needs to be addressed but this may not be the meeting to do that.
You should talk to your boss - give him / her the facts and ask how to proceed. If the meeting is going to be used to address performance issues then ask your boss to attend. |
5,546 | This topic has probably been beaten to death, but just want to double check with you guys.
I'm currently in NYC, although I do not plan on living here (my parents are here tho). I have a web business, where no physical goods are sold, and my virtual wares are sold to customers all over the world.
I need to operate as a business for privacy reasons and also prefer to have limited liability protection, so thus LLC.
I do not want to form it in NY because of the crazy $1000+ fees, along with the fact that I won't be living here. I might spend the next year in a foreign country or different state, etc.
So probably the best approach would be to form it in the cheapest US state (NV, DE, etc). Are there any issues with doing this? | 2011/01/08 | [
"https://money.stackexchange.com/questions/5546",
"https://money.stackexchange.com",
"https://money.stackexchange.com/users/1740/"
] | No, there are no issues. When you form the corp in DE, you pick a business there to serve as your "agent" (essentially someone who knows to get in contact with you). The "agent" will notify you about taxes and any mail you get, but besides the fee they charge you for being the agent, you should file all the taxes directly with DE (franchise tax is easy to file on the web) instead of going through the agent and paying a surcharge.
When your LLC files taxes, you'll do so in DE and then the LLC will issue you a federal and state K1. You'll file taxes where you reside and use the federal K1, but I think you might have to file DE state taxes (unsure about this part, feel free to edit or comment and I'll correct). | This is an older question but I thought I'd give the correct response for anyone else that might look.
Yes there definitely could be issues. You can form in friendly states such as Delaware and Nevada without having a physical location in the state but you can't run a business from another state without having to 'qualify' to do business in that State.
To give a bit more clarification. Lets say you open a Delaware LLC. But you answer the phone when it rings on your New York phone and money comes into your New York bank account and your suppliers and vendors all use your New York address to send invoices and correspondence. Well you can pretty much count that you fall into the definition of doing business in New York and expected to pay New York taxes and qualify to do business in the state.
The solution would be to set up your business to truly 'operate' from the state you would rather be in. |
14,586 | Okay here's the deal, there is a bug about this (or so it seems) that I reported (it's been changed **a lot** since then); Skype is crashing and random/on clicks (e.g. adding a contact). I'm tired of Skype, but unfortunately I don't rule the world and I can make anyone switch. Are there any alternate clients? Like something I can use to connect to Skype, add contacts, and chat? Video support would be nice, but it's optional. I know SkypeKit needs a payment first, so it's unlikely anyone has made anything with it, but, I'm DESPERATE right now -\_\_- (the crashing has made me lose stuff, so I'm a bit... you know).
ANYTHING that works would be GREATLY appreciated.
I'll use ekiga for contacts who don't care about Skype, but some won't switch so ekiga is off the list :P | 2010/11/23 | [
"https://askubuntu.com/questions/14586",
"https://askubuntu.com",
"https://askubuntu.com/users/1992/"
] | You can install the [pidgin-skype](http://packages.ubuntu.com/pidgin-skype) package from the Ubuntu Software Centre which (despite the name) will allow you to use Skype in both Empathy (the Ubuntu default IM client) and Pidgin.
From the package description:
> This plugin communicates with the Skype application in the background to perform its work, so it's necessary to have Skype installed and running. This product uses the Skype API but is not endorsed, certified or otherwise approved in any way by Skype. | You might be able to use pidgin and this plugin
[eion.robbmob.com](http://eion.robbmob.com/)
Eion's plugin will let you use skype from within pidgin you still need to have skype running but you won't have to use the gui. It is available in the software centre as pidgin-skype |
14,586 | Okay here's the deal, there is a bug about this (or so it seems) that I reported (it's been changed **a lot** since then); Skype is crashing and random/on clicks (e.g. adding a contact). I'm tired of Skype, but unfortunately I don't rule the world and I can make anyone switch. Are there any alternate clients? Like something I can use to connect to Skype, add contacts, and chat? Video support would be nice, but it's optional. I know SkypeKit needs a payment first, so it's unlikely anyone has made anything with it, but, I'm DESPERATE right now -\_\_- (the crashing has made me lose stuff, so I'm a bit... you know).
ANYTHING that works would be GREATLY appreciated.
I'll use ekiga for contacts who don't care about Skype, but some won't switch so ekiga is off the list :P | 2010/11/23 | [
"https://askubuntu.com/questions/14586",
"https://askubuntu.com",
"https://askubuntu.com/users/1992/"
] | You might be able to use pidgin and this plugin
[eion.robbmob.com](http://eion.robbmob.com/)
Eion's plugin will let you use skype from within pidgin you still need to have skype running but you won't have to use the gui. It is available in the software centre as pidgin-skype | You appear to be asking two different questions here, so I'll address the first ("Any way to use Skype without random crashes?") only, since others appear to have addressed the second ("Are there any alternate clients? Like something I can use to connect to Skype, add contacts, and chat?"). To properly debug and finally resolve the reason(s) for the crashes, you'll need to use gdb and strace on the actual skype binary. Also, you'll likely have better luck providing said information to the Skype developers. |
14,586 | Okay here's the deal, there is a bug about this (or so it seems) that I reported (it's been changed **a lot** since then); Skype is crashing and random/on clicks (e.g. adding a contact). I'm tired of Skype, but unfortunately I don't rule the world and I can make anyone switch. Are there any alternate clients? Like something I can use to connect to Skype, add contacts, and chat? Video support would be nice, but it's optional. I know SkypeKit needs a payment first, so it's unlikely anyone has made anything with it, but, I'm DESPERATE right now -\_\_- (the crashing has made me lose stuff, so I'm a bit... you know).
ANYTHING that works would be GREATLY appreciated.
I'll use ekiga for contacts who don't care about Skype, but some won't switch so ekiga is off the list :P | 2010/11/23 | [
"https://askubuntu.com/questions/14586",
"https://askubuntu.com",
"https://askubuntu.com/users/1992/"
] | I found something myself, and I think this might be useful for other users:
[imo.im](https://imo.im/) allows you to chat, even with video, on Skype and other similar services (MSN, etc). The cool part, and perhaps the drawback, is that it is a website, so you have to have a browser window open. To work around this "limitation" I'm planning to use prism, so I can have a desktop application (though it looks better in webkit). | You might be able to use pidgin and this plugin
[eion.robbmob.com](http://eion.robbmob.com/)
Eion's plugin will let you use skype from within pidgin you still need to have skype running but you won't have to use the gui. It is available in the software centre as pidgin-skype |
14,586 | Okay here's the deal, there is a bug about this (or so it seems) that I reported (it's been changed **a lot** since then); Skype is crashing and random/on clicks (e.g. adding a contact). I'm tired of Skype, but unfortunately I don't rule the world and I can make anyone switch. Are there any alternate clients? Like something I can use to connect to Skype, add contacts, and chat? Video support would be nice, but it's optional. I know SkypeKit needs a payment first, so it's unlikely anyone has made anything with it, but, I'm DESPERATE right now -\_\_- (the crashing has made me lose stuff, so I'm a bit... you know).
ANYTHING that works would be GREATLY appreciated.
I'll use ekiga for contacts who don't care about Skype, but some won't switch so ekiga is off the list :P | 2010/11/23 | [
"https://askubuntu.com/questions/14586",
"https://askubuntu.com",
"https://askubuntu.com/users/1992/"
] | You can install the [pidgin-skype](http://packages.ubuntu.com/pidgin-skype) package from the Ubuntu Software Centre which (despite the name) will allow you to use Skype in both Empathy (the Ubuntu default IM client) and Pidgin.
From the package description:
> This plugin communicates with the Skype application in the background to perform its work, so it's necessary to have Skype installed and running. This product uses the Skype API but is not endorsed, certified or otherwise approved in any way by Skype. | You appear to be asking two different questions here, so I'll address the first ("Any way to use Skype without random crashes?") only, since others appear to have addressed the second ("Are there any alternate clients? Like something I can use to connect to Skype, add contacts, and chat?"). To properly debug and finally resolve the reason(s) for the crashes, you'll need to use gdb and strace on the actual skype binary. Also, you'll likely have better luck providing said information to the Skype developers. |
14,586 | Okay here's the deal, there is a bug about this (or so it seems) that I reported (it's been changed **a lot** since then); Skype is crashing and random/on clicks (e.g. adding a contact). I'm tired of Skype, but unfortunately I don't rule the world and I can make anyone switch. Are there any alternate clients? Like something I can use to connect to Skype, add contacts, and chat? Video support would be nice, but it's optional. I know SkypeKit needs a payment first, so it's unlikely anyone has made anything with it, but, I'm DESPERATE right now -\_\_- (the crashing has made me lose stuff, so I'm a bit... you know).
ANYTHING that works would be GREATLY appreciated.
I'll use ekiga for contacts who don't care about Skype, but some won't switch so ekiga is off the list :P | 2010/11/23 | [
"https://askubuntu.com/questions/14586",
"https://askubuntu.com",
"https://askubuntu.com/users/1992/"
] | I found something myself, and I think this might be useful for other users:
[imo.im](https://imo.im/) allows you to chat, even with video, on Skype and other similar services (MSN, etc). The cool part, and perhaps the drawback, is that it is a website, so you have to have a browser window open. To work around this "limitation" I'm planning to use prism, so I can have a desktop application (though it looks better in webkit). | You appear to be asking two different questions here, so I'll address the first ("Any way to use Skype without random crashes?") only, since others appear to have addressed the second ("Are there any alternate clients? Like something I can use to connect to Skype, add contacts, and chat?"). To properly debug and finally resolve the reason(s) for the crashes, you'll need to use gdb and strace on the actual skype binary. Also, you'll likely have better luck providing said information to the Skype developers. |
164,598 | In a *Trials Fusion* Big Air Skill Game, how do you make a good big air? I can't seem to make it over the hump of the big hill and am ending up in the 20-40 meter range which isn't even good enough for 90m for a Silver. I am hitting Y and the end of the jump as the game suggests, but it's not making much of a difference.
Do I need a better bike, or do I need to do something else to get air? | 2014/04/17 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/164598",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/4239/"
] | I've managed to get silver, but not quite gold. move the left stick forward and back real quick at the beginning to do a little bunny hop over that initial mound. then hit y to bail about at the middle of the last platform while shifting all your weight forward at the end. Will return if I can figure out how to get gold! | You have to do this with the Roach, none of the other bikes are allowed.
My tactic is to tap the accelerator at the start so you just roll over the initial bump and get maximum acceleration down the slope. You may need to lean forward a little to keep your front wheel down.
Just as the slope levels out lean back very briefly then forward quickly to get some forward momentum for your rider, then bail out just before the bike reaches the end of the ramp.
Once in the air I maintain a death grip on R2 and up+right on the stick, I'm not sure it helps but it does seem to keep you in the air a little longer.
Sometimes it goes horrifically wrong (hey, it's Trials) but I've beaten the platinum distance of 135m a couple of times like this.
It makes more sense to see the button movements in action so I've posted a replay of a platinum run for this on YouTube which shows them:
You can also watch the best riders replays. Simply go to the leaderboards for the event, switch to the "Overall" list and view the replays from the top few players to see what they do. |
164,598 | In a *Trials Fusion* Big Air Skill Game, how do you make a good big air? I can't seem to make it over the hump of the big hill and am ending up in the 20-40 meter range which isn't even good enough for 90m for a Silver. I am hitting Y and the end of the jump as the game suggests, but it's not making much of a difference.
Do I need a better bike, or do I need to do something else to get air? | 2014/04/17 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/164598",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/4239/"
] | I've managed to get silver, but not quite gold. move the left stick forward and back real quick at the beginning to do a little bunny hop over that initial mound. then hit y to bail about at the middle of the last platform while shifting all your weight forward at the end. Will return if I can figure out how to get gold! | when you get to the second to last square on the ramp push left to lean back then hit forward real fast and hit the bail button in the middle of the last square on the ramp this is how i got the gold at 136.243 m |
8,935 | I want to know applications of meditation for martial arts. Specifically, I am asking if meditation can help me to enter a flow state (be in the zone). | 2019/03/25 | [
"https://martialarts.stackexchange.com/questions/8935",
"https://martialarts.stackexchange.com",
"https://martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/9976/"
] | Yes, meditation can improve reaction time. This has been directly studied scientifically.
[Effect of buddhist meditation on serum cortisol and total protein levels, blood pressure, pulse rate, lung volume and reaction time](https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9384(91)90543-W)
>
> There were also significant decreases in reaction time after meditation practice. The percentage decrease in reaction time during meditation was 22%, while in subjects untrained in meditation, the percentage decrease was only 7%.
>
>
>
[Meditation acutely improves psychomotor vigilance, and may decrease sleep need](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2919439/)
>
> Novice meditators were tested on the PVT before each activity, 10 minutes after each activity and one hour later. All ten novice meditators improved their PVT reaction times immediately following periods of meditation, and all but one got worse immediately following naps.
>
>
>
[Reaction time following the Transcendental Meditation technique](https://www.mum.edu/assets/collected_papers/shaw1971r1coll1-45.pdf)
>
> Two groups, each composed of 25 college students matched for age and sex, were compared on their performance on a
> reaction time test. The experimental group (meditators) and the control group (nonmeditators) initially responded 100
> times to a light stimulus and then either meditated for 20 minutes (experimental group) or rested with eyes closed for 20
> minutes (control group). After the 20-minute interval, 100 more trials were presented. On the first set of trials the
> meditators showed lower reaction time than the nonmeditators. Results on the second set of trials showed an increase in
> the speed of performance in the meditators and a deterioration of performance in the control group. The implications of
> this finding of improved reaction time in meditators are discussed.
>
>
> | It's an interesting question.
There are lots of different kinds of meditation. The kind that keeps your mind in the here and now is what might benefit reaction times.
The main thing to realize about reaction times is that you will be slower if you're relaxed, stressed / anxious, not paying attention, or not interested in what's going on. You want to be in the zone where you're not stressed, not thinking about anything other than what's going on right now, and you're not overly relaxed either.
This kind of meditation can help you manage your mind's proclivity to wander, rather than focusing on what's going on right here and now.
Meditation will never be able to prevent the thoughts from coming into your mind in the first place. It's mostly just going to give you some skill at recognizing when stray thoughts are coming in, acknowledging them, and then getting rid of them quickly so that you can go back to the here and now.
Is this going to give you an edge over those who don't meditate? Maybe. But the more you do athletics of any kind, the more likely you'll be able to do this on your own without ever meditating at all. It will come as you realize that your mind was wandering when you should have been paying attention. In martial arts, that means you learn real quickly to pay attention after the first few times you get hit or get distracted.
No, there's nothing "magical" about meditation that will improve your reaction times beyond this. People think it can give them some kind of a super-human ability to think much faster or to allow the answers to come more quickly, without having to consciously think about them. It's not true. It's just going to help keep your mind from wandering.
The "super-human" kinds of things that you might have heard about has more to do with listening to your intuition, what your gut is telling you. You just have a feeling that something is the right choice of action, but if you're asked to explain it and defend that choice from a rational perspective, you can't even begin.
This might seem obvious to someone who has a very intuitive personality. Intuitive types don't spend a lot of time thinking about choices and making sure it makes sense. They just act on their gut, because their personality type prefers to do that.
But to non-intuitive types, this ability is elusive. It's not in their nature. So those kinds of people would benefit a lot from learning about intuition and how to cultivate it and use it as a tool. It's a skill, basically. It can be learned.
I mention intuition, because that's what will improve reaction times the most. If you have to think about what to do next while sparring someone, it's going to be too late. You'll get hit before the answer comes to you.
In fact, a study that I read showed that the more you learn, the slower your reaction times will be. That was with regards to athletes, especially boxers. That seems counter-intuitive, so why is that? It's because there are more variables to consider. If you've never learned about those variables, your brain won't take any time to consider them. So it's a weird fact that the more skilled a fighter becomes, the slower his reaction time will be. They make up for this a number of other ways, though. For example, by rehearsing and visualizing their strategy ahead of time so that they don't have to think about it when the time comes. They become more intuitive fighters over time as well.
I talk about reaction times a bit more at my answer [here](https://martialarts.stackexchange.com/questions/6498/defence-in-martial-arts-in-general/6501#6501).
Hope that helps. |
23,719 | The open access publishing world has a number of predatory publishers. Many know about [Beall's list](http://scholarlyoa.com/) which identifies publishers and journals that engage in questionable practices. The existence of these questionable publishers and journals makes choosing a quality open access journal difficult. Consortia like the [Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association](http://oaspa.org/) and the [Directory of Open Access Journals](http://doaj.org/) seem to promise a level of scrutiny. For example, [members of OASPA](http://oaspa.org/membership/members/) include the [Royal Society](http://royalsocietypublishing.org/institutional-membership) and [PLoS](http://www.plos.org/community/) and while I cannot find a link confirming it, it seems like the [AIP](http://oaspa.org/member/american-institute-of-physics/) is also a member. To me these are above the board legitimate and well respected publishers. There are also members, like [Frontiers](http://oaspa.org/member/frontiers/), that I am not sure how I feel about. I like that Frontiers is trying to push an innovative model of publishing, but I am not sure that I want them to have a large say in defining "good" open access publishing practices. Finally, there are members like [MDPI](http://oaspa.org/member/mdpi-ag/) which Beall classifies as [predatory](http://scholarlyoa.com/2014/02/18/chinese-publishner-mdpi-added-to-list-of-questionable-publishers/) and [Hindawi](http://oaspa.org/member/hindawi-publishing-corporation/) which while it never made Beall's list, did make his ["watch list"](http://carbon.ucdenver.edu/~jbeall/Beall%27s%20List%20of%20Predatory,%20Open-Access%20Publishers%202012.pdf).
I think I have two questions. First, why do these consortia affiliate themselves with questionable publishers? Second, how can the academic community pressure open access consortia to consider their members carefully? | 2014/06/20 | [
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/23719",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/users/929/"
] | >
> Why do these consortia affiliate themselves with questionable
> publishers?
>
>
>
Hindawi is a founding member of the OASPA and MDPI, whichever opinion we might have about the quality of its journals, is a major player in the OA business. The OASPA apparently conducted [an internal investigation about MDPI](http://oaspa.org/conclusions-from-oaspa-membership-committee-investigation-into-mdpi/) and seem to be happy about the results. The question might be more: is the OASPA questionable?
>
> how can the academic community pressure open access consortia to
> consider their members carefully?
>
>
>
I would recommend not to consider open access consortia as relevant. Then, not submitting papers, not serving on the editorial board, and refusing reviewing tasks for sketchy journals.
On a more general level, one thing we could do is *reduce the demand* for low-quality, pay-for-publish 'OA' journals by challenging the hiring policies based on publication volume in our local institutions. | DOAJ, in the last 2 years, has been seriously trying to cope with the problem of fake and predatory publishers and journals. In 2013, the announced they were tightening the criteria for admission of journals.
Here's the list of journals [added and removed in 2014](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/183mRBRqs2jOyP0qZWXN8dUd02D4vL0Mov_kgYF8HORM/edit#gid=1650882189).
They even looked for a network for volunteer [Associate Editors](https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B0fPCpIPjZlmWXliVC1nXzl5aFE/edit) to evaluate journals.
In [March 2014](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1dr3jnOygvuDlONSBv8lho4McQsEPFd0a5gtxjCmKd9k/edit), they again started receiving new applications, and gave old journals (already indexed) one year to fill in again the new form. In one way or another, there was a big delay, and it seems that just now they are actually [ready for reapplications](https://doajournals.wordpress.com/2014/12/15/reapplications-are-your-journals-ready-are-you-ready/).
A [Nature article](http://www.nature.com/news/open-access-website-gets-tough-1.15674) tells you the story.
For what is worth, I've worked with University of Bologna from 2010 till June 2014, and I managed the OJS platform (basically, a publishing software for open access journals). In that period, I spoke many times to the DOAJ team regarding Unibo's journals, and my personal impression is that they had *too much success* to cope effectively with all the applications.
They need(ed) more resources, more time, more money.
At the beginning the project was supported by the Lund University, but they probably had to find other ways to finance it. DOAJ asks for membership fees, and is now managed by a new committee, [IS4OA](http://is4oa.org/).
It's probably fair to wait for the new round of re-applications to evaluate the website again and see if the old issues are solved or not. |
23,719 | The open access publishing world has a number of predatory publishers. Many know about [Beall's list](http://scholarlyoa.com/) which identifies publishers and journals that engage in questionable practices. The existence of these questionable publishers and journals makes choosing a quality open access journal difficult. Consortia like the [Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association](http://oaspa.org/) and the [Directory of Open Access Journals](http://doaj.org/) seem to promise a level of scrutiny. For example, [members of OASPA](http://oaspa.org/membership/members/) include the [Royal Society](http://royalsocietypublishing.org/institutional-membership) and [PLoS](http://www.plos.org/community/) and while I cannot find a link confirming it, it seems like the [AIP](http://oaspa.org/member/american-institute-of-physics/) is also a member. To me these are above the board legitimate and well respected publishers. There are also members, like [Frontiers](http://oaspa.org/member/frontiers/), that I am not sure how I feel about. I like that Frontiers is trying to push an innovative model of publishing, but I am not sure that I want them to have a large say in defining "good" open access publishing practices. Finally, there are members like [MDPI](http://oaspa.org/member/mdpi-ag/) which Beall classifies as [predatory](http://scholarlyoa.com/2014/02/18/chinese-publishner-mdpi-added-to-list-of-questionable-publishers/) and [Hindawi](http://oaspa.org/member/hindawi-publishing-corporation/) which while it never made Beall's list, did make his ["watch list"](http://carbon.ucdenver.edu/~jbeall/Beall%27s%20List%20of%20Predatory,%20Open-Access%20Publishers%202012.pdf).
I think I have two questions. First, why do these consortia affiliate themselves with questionable publishers? Second, how can the academic community pressure open access consortia to consider their members carefully? | 2014/06/20 | [
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/23719",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/users/929/"
] | >
> Why do these consortia affiliate themselves with questionable
> publishers?
>
>
>
Hindawi is a founding member of the OASPA and MDPI, whichever opinion we might have about the quality of its journals, is a major player in the OA business. The OASPA apparently conducted [an internal investigation about MDPI](http://oaspa.org/conclusions-from-oaspa-membership-committee-investigation-into-mdpi/) and seem to be happy about the results. The question might be more: is the OASPA questionable?
>
> how can the academic community pressure open access consortia to
> consider their members carefully?
>
>
>
I would recommend not to consider open access consortia as relevant. Then, not submitting papers, not serving on the editorial board, and refusing reviewing tasks for sketchy journals.
On a more general level, one thing we could do is *reduce the demand* for low-quality, pay-for-publish 'OA' journals by challenging the hiring policies based on publication volume in our local institutions. | The academic publishing world has a number of problems with inadequate or completely absent peer review. These problems are present at both open access and subscription journals. The [recent statement from the STM Association also reflects this position that the problems are not just confined to open access journals](https://www.stm-assoc.org/2018_08_09_STM_statement_on_the_increase_of_unethical_and_deceptive_journal_practices.pdf).
The members of OASPA include a heck of a lot of publishers, from very small, to very large, including SpringerNature and Wiley. Elsevier would probably like to be a member but it doesn't meet the stringent [membership criteria for OASPA](https://oaspa.org/membership/membership-criteria/) yet.
Amongst publishers, OASPA membership is seen as a mark of quality. The [Think.Check.Submit](https://thinkchecksubmit.org/) cross-industry initiative encourages researchers to check that if the journal is open access, if the journal is in DOAJ and if the publisher is an OASPA member -- marks of trust/quality. Both DOAJ and OASPA are selective organisations - they don't allow or list just any and every OA journal or publisher.
As @Aubrey's answer notes, [DOAJ have done good work to weed-out questionable journals from DOAJ](https://www.nature.com/news/open-access-website-gets-tough-1.15674).
The same is also true of OASPA. After the [famous Bohannon sting published in *Science*](http://science.sciencemag.org/content/342/6154/60.full) [OASPA responded by investigating](https://oaspa.org/oaspas-second-statement-following-the-article-in-science-entitled-whos-afraid-of-peer-review/) all three of the then (2013) OASPA publisher members that accepted Bohannon's sting article. Those three publishers were [Hikari](http://www.m-hikari.com/), [Dove Medical Press](https://www.dovepress.com/), and [SAGE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAGE_Publications). Incidentally, two Hindawi journals (*Chemotherapy Research and Practice* and *ISRN Oncology*) , one MDPI journal (*Cancers*) and one Frontiers journal (*Frontiers in Pharmacology: Pharmacology of Anti-Cancer Drugs*) tested in Bohannon's sting ALL rejected the sting article, 'passing' the test.
After these OASPA investigations, OASPA [decided to terminate the OASPA memberships of Hikari and Dove Medical Press](https://oaspa.org/oaspas-second-statement-following-the-article-in-science-entitled-whos-afraid-of-peer-review/). Neither publisher have since returned to OASPA membership.
I do not think that DOAJ or OASPA affiliate themselves with questionable publishers, and whenever this has been pointed out to them, they have both taken appropriate, detailed investigations to weed-out questionable journals and publishers.
I guess it all depends on whom one considers a 'questionable publisher or journal'. I certainly do not consider MDPI, Hindawi or Frontiers to be 'predatory publishers' but must admit I would not and have not chosen to publish with Frontiers or Elsevier because of distasteful business practices.
Organisations like DOAJ and OASPA cannot simply bar new members from trying to join - it is not in their spirit (openness!). But they certainly do heavily vet new membership or listing applications. I don't know what else to say. I found the question to be a little leading tbh... |
23,719 | The open access publishing world has a number of predatory publishers. Many know about [Beall's list](http://scholarlyoa.com/) which identifies publishers and journals that engage in questionable practices. The existence of these questionable publishers and journals makes choosing a quality open access journal difficult. Consortia like the [Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association](http://oaspa.org/) and the [Directory of Open Access Journals](http://doaj.org/) seem to promise a level of scrutiny. For example, [members of OASPA](http://oaspa.org/membership/members/) include the [Royal Society](http://royalsocietypublishing.org/institutional-membership) and [PLoS](http://www.plos.org/community/) and while I cannot find a link confirming it, it seems like the [AIP](http://oaspa.org/member/american-institute-of-physics/) is also a member. To me these are above the board legitimate and well respected publishers. There are also members, like [Frontiers](http://oaspa.org/member/frontiers/), that I am not sure how I feel about. I like that Frontiers is trying to push an innovative model of publishing, but I am not sure that I want them to have a large say in defining "good" open access publishing practices. Finally, there are members like [MDPI](http://oaspa.org/member/mdpi-ag/) which Beall classifies as [predatory](http://scholarlyoa.com/2014/02/18/chinese-publishner-mdpi-added-to-list-of-questionable-publishers/) and [Hindawi](http://oaspa.org/member/hindawi-publishing-corporation/) which while it never made Beall's list, did make his ["watch list"](http://carbon.ucdenver.edu/~jbeall/Beall%27s%20List%20of%20Predatory,%20Open-Access%20Publishers%202012.pdf).
I think I have two questions. First, why do these consortia affiliate themselves with questionable publishers? Second, how can the academic community pressure open access consortia to consider their members carefully? | 2014/06/20 | [
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/23719",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/users/929/"
] | >
> Why do these consortia affiliate themselves with questionable
> publishers?
>
>
>
Hindawi is a founding member of the OASPA and MDPI, whichever opinion we might have about the quality of its journals, is a major player in the OA business. The OASPA apparently conducted [an internal investigation about MDPI](http://oaspa.org/conclusions-from-oaspa-membership-committee-investigation-into-mdpi/) and seem to be happy about the results. The question might be more: is the OASPA questionable?
>
> how can the academic community pressure open access consortia to
> consider their members carefully?
>
>
>
I would recommend not to consider open access consortia as relevant. Then, not submitting papers, not serving on the editorial board, and refusing reviewing tasks for sketchy journals.
On a more general level, one thing we could do is *reduce the demand* for low-quality, pay-for-publish 'OA' journals by challenging the hiring policies based on publication volume in our local institutions. | If I understand your question correctly, you're asking about why OASPA and DOAJ associate themselves with MDPI, Frontiers and Hindawi. Only OASPA and DOAJ will know for sure, but I'll venture this reason: MDPI, Frontiers and Hindawi aren't necessarily questionable.
First, something to remember about Beall's list: this started as the work of one person. That means it's easily biased. OA spans from the clearly disreputable on the one end to a very gray area on the other. Beall undoubtedly had good intentions, but if the [Who's Afraid of Peer Review?](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Who%27s_Afraid_of_Peer_Review%3F#DOAJ_versus_Beall's_list) sting meant anything, Beall was only 82% accurate. In the sciences, a theory that predicts the right result 82% of the time is good but not great; in particle physics we even need a 5 sigma result (p-value 1 in 3.5 million) to claim a detection. I'm not saying Beall was wrong about MDPI, Frontiers and Hindawi, but I will say that "because Beall said so" is not a sufficiently good reason to conclude \_\_\_\_ is predatory.
Now about each publisher:
**MDPI**: See [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MDPI#Inclusion_in_Beall's_list) for more information. You can see Beall's criticism of MDPI stems from several aspects, such as how MDPI's articles are lightly-reviewed, how MDPI uses email spam, and how MDPI listed Nobel laureate Mario Capecchi on an editorial board without his knowledge. However:
* Many OA journals do indeed review lightly. For example I once attended a talk by a Springer spokesperson who talked about a journal which reviews for correctness, not novelty (can't find the journal now, but [PLOS ONE has the same policy](http://journals.plos.org/plosone/s/journal-information)). Viewed one way this is laudatory - it makes peer review less random by eliminating one completely subjective facet! Viewed another way, this is terrible - it makes it seem as though the journal will publish old results known for hundreds of years as long as the author is willing to pay. Which is closer to the truth? You'll have to come to your own conclusions.
* Email spam. Although everyone finds them annoying, what constitutes email spam isn't universally agreed on. If you receive an email from someone you don't know with "Dear Professor Strongbad, I saw your question on Academia.SE and find it interesting, would you like to write an editorial on predatory publishers for my journal" - would you call that spam? Some people would, others would not. Also, what exactly isn't email spam anyway? If you never emailed people you didn't know personally, you would never be able to expand a journal large enough to be self-sufficient.
* Finally the Mario Capecchi case was later shown to be the result of inaccurate communication by Capecchi's assistant.
**Frontiers**: again, see the [Wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontiers_Media#History). You'll note that, similar to MDPI, there were established academics who defended Frontiers. Although the volume of allegations against Frontiers in the article is both larger and harder to justify if true, it's also the case that a Frontiers journal rejected John Bohannon's sting paper. [OASPA](https://oaspa.org/frontiers-membership-of-oaspa/) and [COPE](https://publicationethics.org/news/cope-statement-frontiers) both investigated Frontiers, and both decided that Frontiers meets their membership criteria.
**Hindawi**: once again see the [Wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindawi_Publishing_Corporation#History). I don't want to rehash everything I wrote about MDPI and Frontiers since a lot of it also applies to Hindawi, but I'll add a few specific things:
* Hindawi was one of the pioneers of OA. In 2007, they converted all their journals to OA - this was both 1) before OA really took off and 2) pioneering, since even today most big publishers don't use a complete OA model.
* Hindawi is big. With over 400 journals and tens of thousands of published articles a year, Hindawi is a big fish in the OA pond.
* A Hindawi journal also rejected John Bohannon's sting paper.
* Some of Beall's criticism of Hindawi apparently focused on how high its profit margins are (apparently higher than Elsevier's). This not only has no relation to the quality of Hindawi's editorial process, it's also the case that Hindawi's article processing charges are lower than average, and they're based in Egypt, which as a developing country has much lower labour costs than the Netherlands-based Elsevier. One could say that Egyptians are bad at publishing relative to the Dutch, but that's borderline racism.
**tl; dr: it's not a given that any unbiased observer will conclude that these three publishers are disreputable. Accordingly, it shouldn't be surprising that some OA consortia are willing to count them as one of their members.** |
23,719 | The open access publishing world has a number of predatory publishers. Many know about [Beall's list](http://scholarlyoa.com/) which identifies publishers and journals that engage in questionable practices. The existence of these questionable publishers and journals makes choosing a quality open access journal difficult. Consortia like the [Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association](http://oaspa.org/) and the [Directory of Open Access Journals](http://doaj.org/) seem to promise a level of scrutiny. For example, [members of OASPA](http://oaspa.org/membership/members/) include the [Royal Society](http://royalsocietypublishing.org/institutional-membership) and [PLoS](http://www.plos.org/community/) and while I cannot find a link confirming it, it seems like the [AIP](http://oaspa.org/member/american-institute-of-physics/) is also a member. To me these are above the board legitimate and well respected publishers. There are also members, like [Frontiers](http://oaspa.org/member/frontiers/), that I am not sure how I feel about. I like that Frontiers is trying to push an innovative model of publishing, but I am not sure that I want them to have a large say in defining "good" open access publishing practices. Finally, there are members like [MDPI](http://oaspa.org/member/mdpi-ag/) which Beall classifies as [predatory](http://scholarlyoa.com/2014/02/18/chinese-publishner-mdpi-added-to-list-of-questionable-publishers/) and [Hindawi](http://oaspa.org/member/hindawi-publishing-corporation/) which while it never made Beall's list, did make his ["watch list"](http://carbon.ucdenver.edu/~jbeall/Beall%27s%20List%20of%20Predatory,%20Open-Access%20Publishers%202012.pdf).
I think I have two questions. First, why do these consortia affiliate themselves with questionable publishers? Second, how can the academic community pressure open access consortia to consider their members carefully? | 2014/06/20 | [
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/23719",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/users/929/"
] | The academic publishing world has a number of problems with inadequate or completely absent peer review. These problems are present at both open access and subscription journals. The [recent statement from the STM Association also reflects this position that the problems are not just confined to open access journals](https://www.stm-assoc.org/2018_08_09_STM_statement_on_the_increase_of_unethical_and_deceptive_journal_practices.pdf).
The members of OASPA include a heck of a lot of publishers, from very small, to very large, including SpringerNature and Wiley. Elsevier would probably like to be a member but it doesn't meet the stringent [membership criteria for OASPA](https://oaspa.org/membership/membership-criteria/) yet.
Amongst publishers, OASPA membership is seen as a mark of quality. The [Think.Check.Submit](https://thinkchecksubmit.org/) cross-industry initiative encourages researchers to check that if the journal is open access, if the journal is in DOAJ and if the publisher is an OASPA member -- marks of trust/quality. Both DOAJ and OASPA are selective organisations - they don't allow or list just any and every OA journal or publisher.
As @Aubrey's answer notes, [DOAJ have done good work to weed-out questionable journals from DOAJ](https://www.nature.com/news/open-access-website-gets-tough-1.15674).
The same is also true of OASPA. After the [famous Bohannon sting published in *Science*](http://science.sciencemag.org/content/342/6154/60.full) [OASPA responded by investigating](https://oaspa.org/oaspas-second-statement-following-the-article-in-science-entitled-whos-afraid-of-peer-review/) all three of the then (2013) OASPA publisher members that accepted Bohannon's sting article. Those three publishers were [Hikari](http://www.m-hikari.com/), [Dove Medical Press](https://www.dovepress.com/), and [SAGE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAGE_Publications). Incidentally, two Hindawi journals (*Chemotherapy Research and Practice* and *ISRN Oncology*) , one MDPI journal (*Cancers*) and one Frontiers journal (*Frontiers in Pharmacology: Pharmacology of Anti-Cancer Drugs*) tested in Bohannon's sting ALL rejected the sting article, 'passing' the test.
After these OASPA investigations, OASPA [decided to terminate the OASPA memberships of Hikari and Dove Medical Press](https://oaspa.org/oaspas-second-statement-following-the-article-in-science-entitled-whos-afraid-of-peer-review/). Neither publisher have since returned to OASPA membership.
I do not think that DOAJ or OASPA affiliate themselves with questionable publishers, and whenever this has been pointed out to them, they have both taken appropriate, detailed investigations to weed-out questionable journals and publishers.
I guess it all depends on whom one considers a 'questionable publisher or journal'. I certainly do not consider MDPI, Hindawi or Frontiers to be 'predatory publishers' but must admit I would not and have not chosen to publish with Frontiers or Elsevier because of distasteful business practices.
Organisations like DOAJ and OASPA cannot simply bar new members from trying to join - it is not in their spirit (openness!). But they certainly do heavily vet new membership or listing applications. I don't know what else to say. I found the question to be a little leading tbh... | DOAJ, in the last 2 years, has been seriously trying to cope with the problem of fake and predatory publishers and journals. In 2013, the announced they were tightening the criteria for admission of journals.
Here's the list of journals [added and removed in 2014](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/183mRBRqs2jOyP0qZWXN8dUd02D4vL0Mov_kgYF8HORM/edit#gid=1650882189).
They even looked for a network for volunteer [Associate Editors](https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B0fPCpIPjZlmWXliVC1nXzl5aFE/edit) to evaluate journals.
In [March 2014](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1dr3jnOygvuDlONSBv8lho4McQsEPFd0a5gtxjCmKd9k/edit), they again started receiving new applications, and gave old journals (already indexed) one year to fill in again the new form. In one way or another, there was a big delay, and it seems that just now they are actually [ready for reapplications](https://doajournals.wordpress.com/2014/12/15/reapplications-are-your-journals-ready-are-you-ready/).
A [Nature article](http://www.nature.com/news/open-access-website-gets-tough-1.15674) tells you the story.
For what is worth, I've worked with University of Bologna from 2010 till June 2014, and I managed the OJS platform (basically, a publishing software for open access journals). In that period, I spoke many times to the DOAJ team regarding Unibo's journals, and my personal impression is that they had *too much success* to cope effectively with all the applications.
They need(ed) more resources, more time, more money.
At the beginning the project was supported by the Lund University, but they probably had to find other ways to finance it. DOAJ asks for membership fees, and is now managed by a new committee, [IS4OA](http://is4oa.org/).
It's probably fair to wait for the new round of re-applications to evaluate the website again and see if the old issues are solved or not. |
23,719 | The open access publishing world has a number of predatory publishers. Many know about [Beall's list](http://scholarlyoa.com/) which identifies publishers and journals that engage in questionable practices. The existence of these questionable publishers and journals makes choosing a quality open access journal difficult. Consortia like the [Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association](http://oaspa.org/) and the [Directory of Open Access Journals](http://doaj.org/) seem to promise a level of scrutiny. For example, [members of OASPA](http://oaspa.org/membership/members/) include the [Royal Society](http://royalsocietypublishing.org/institutional-membership) and [PLoS](http://www.plos.org/community/) and while I cannot find a link confirming it, it seems like the [AIP](http://oaspa.org/member/american-institute-of-physics/) is also a member. To me these are above the board legitimate and well respected publishers. There are also members, like [Frontiers](http://oaspa.org/member/frontiers/), that I am not sure how I feel about. I like that Frontiers is trying to push an innovative model of publishing, but I am not sure that I want them to have a large say in defining "good" open access publishing practices. Finally, there are members like [MDPI](http://oaspa.org/member/mdpi-ag/) which Beall classifies as [predatory](http://scholarlyoa.com/2014/02/18/chinese-publishner-mdpi-added-to-list-of-questionable-publishers/) and [Hindawi](http://oaspa.org/member/hindawi-publishing-corporation/) which while it never made Beall's list, did make his ["watch list"](http://carbon.ucdenver.edu/~jbeall/Beall%27s%20List%20of%20Predatory,%20Open-Access%20Publishers%202012.pdf).
I think I have two questions. First, why do these consortia affiliate themselves with questionable publishers? Second, how can the academic community pressure open access consortia to consider their members carefully? | 2014/06/20 | [
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/23719",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/users/929/"
] | If I understand your question correctly, you're asking about why OASPA and DOAJ associate themselves with MDPI, Frontiers and Hindawi. Only OASPA and DOAJ will know for sure, but I'll venture this reason: MDPI, Frontiers and Hindawi aren't necessarily questionable.
First, something to remember about Beall's list: this started as the work of one person. That means it's easily biased. OA spans from the clearly disreputable on the one end to a very gray area on the other. Beall undoubtedly had good intentions, but if the [Who's Afraid of Peer Review?](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Who%27s_Afraid_of_Peer_Review%3F#DOAJ_versus_Beall's_list) sting meant anything, Beall was only 82% accurate. In the sciences, a theory that predicts the right result 82% of the time is good but not great; in particle physics we even need a 5 sigma result (p-value 1 in 3.5 million) to claim a detection. I'm not saying Beall was wrong about MDPI, Frontiers and Hindawi, but I will say that "because Beall said so" is not a sufficiently good reason to conclude \_\_\_\_ is predatory.
Now about each publisher:
**MDPI**: See [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MDPI#Inclusion_in_Beall's_list) for more information. You can see Beall's criticism of MDPI stems from several aspects, such as how MDPI's articles are lightly-reviewed, how MDPI uses email spam, and how MDPI listed Nobel laureate Mario Capecchi on an editorial board without his knowledge. However:
* Many OA journals do indeed review lightly. For example I once attended a talk by a Springer spokesperson who talked about a journal which reviews for correctness, not novelty (can't find the journal now, but [PLOS ONE has the same policy](http://journals.plos.org/plosone/s/journal-information)). Viewed one way this is laudatory - it makes peer review less random by eliminating one completely subjective facet! Viewed another way, this is terrible - it makes it seem as though the journal will publish old results known for hundreds of years as long as the author is willing to pay. Which is closer to the truth? You'll have to come to your own conclusions.
* Email spam. Although everyone finds them annoying, what constitutes email spam isn't universally agreed on. If you receive an email from someone you don't know with "Dear Professor Strongbad, I saw your question on Academia.SE and find it interesting, would you like to write an editorial on predatory publishers for my journal" - would you call that spam? Some people would, others would not. Also, what exactly isn't email spam anyway? If you never emailed people you didn't know personally, you would never be able to expand a journal large enough to be self-sufficient.
* Finally the Mario Capecchi case was later shown to be the result of inaccurate communication by Capecchi's assistant.
**Frontiers**: again, see the [Wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontiers_Media#History). You'll note that, similar to MDPI, there were established academics who defended Frontiers. Although the volume of allegations against Frontiers in the article is both larger and harder to justify if true, it's also the case that a Frontiers journal rejected John Bohannon's sting paper. [OASPA](https://oaspa.org/frontiers-membership-of-oaspa/) and [COPE](https://publicationethics.org/news/cope-statement-frontiers) both investigated Frontiers, and both decided that Frontiers meets their membership criteria.
**Hindawi**: once again see the [Wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindawi_Publishing_Corporation#History). I don't want to rehash everything I wrote about MDPI and Frontiers since a lot of it also applies to Hindawi, but I'll add a few specific things:
* Hindawi was one of the pioneers of OA. In 2007, they converted all their journals to OA - this was both 1) before OA really took off and 2) pioneering, since even today most big publishers don't use a complete OA model.
* Hindawi is big. With over 400 journals and tens of thousands of published articles a year, Hindawi is a big fish in the OA pond.
* A Hindawi journal also rejected John Bohannon's sting paper.
* Some of Beall's criticism of Hindawi apparently focused on how high its profit margins are (apparently higher than Elsevier's). This not only has no relation to the quality of Hindawi's editorial process, it's also the case that Hindawi's article processing charges are lower than average, and they're based in Egypt, which as a developing country has much lower labour costs than the Netherlands-based Elsevier. One could say that Egyptians are bad at publishing relative to the Dutch, but that's borderline racism.
**tl; dr: it's not a given that any unbiased observer will conclude that these three publishers are disreputable. Accordingly, it shouldn't be surprising that some OA consortia are willing to count them as one of their members.** | DOAJ, in the last 2 years, has been seriously trying to cope with the problem of fake and predatory publishers and journals. In 2013, the announced they were tightening the criteria for admission of journals.
Here's the list of journals [added and removed in 2014](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/183mRBRqs2jOyP0qZWXN8dUd02D4vL0Mov_kgYF8HORM/edit#gid=1650882189).
They even looked for a network for volunteer [Associate Editors](https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B0fPCpIPjZlmWXliVC1nXzl5aFE/edit) to evaluate journals.
In [March 2014](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1dr3jnOygvuDlONSBv8lho4McQsEPFd0a5gtxjCmKd9k/edit), they again started receiving new applications, and gave old journals (already indexed) one year to fill in again the new form. In one way or another, there was a big delay, and it seems that just now they are actually [ready for reapplications](https://doajournals.wordpress.com/2014/12/15/reapplications-are-your-journals-ready-are-you-ready/).
A [Nature article](http://www.nature.com/news/open-access-website-gets-tough-1.15674) tells you the story.
For what is worth, I've worked with University of Bologna from 2010 till June 2014, and I managed the OJS platform (basically, a publishing software for open access journals). In that period, I spoke many times to the DOAJ team regarding Unibo's journals, and my personal impression is that they had *too much success* to cope effectively with all the applications.
They need(ed) more resources, more time, more money.
At the beginning the project was supported by the Lund University, but they probably had to find other ways to finance it. DOAJ asks for membership fees, and is now managed by a new committee, [IS4OA](http://is4oa.org/).
It's probably fair to wait for the new round of re-applications to evaluate the website again and see if the old issues are solved or not. |
23,719 | The open access publishing world has a number of predatory publishers. Many know about [Beall's list](http://scholarlyoa.com/) which identifies publishers and journals that engage in questionable practices. The existence of these questionable publishers and journals makes choosing a quality open access journal difficult. Consortia like the [Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association](http://oaspa.org/) and the [Directory of Open Access Journals](http://doaj.org/) seem to promise a level of scrutiny. For example, [members of OASPA](http://oaspa.org/membership/members/) include the [Royal Society](http://royalsocietypublishing.org/institutional-membership) and [PLoS](http://www.plos.org/community/) and while I cannot find a link confirming it, it seems like the [AIP](http://oaspa.org/member/american-institute-of-physics/) is also a member. To me these are above the board legitimate and well respected publishers. There are also members, like [Frontiers](http://oaspa.org/member/frontiers/), that I am not sure how I feel about. I like that Frontiers is trying to push an innovative model of publishing, but I am not sure that I want them to have a large say in defining "good" open access publishing practices. Finally, there are members like [MDPI](http://oaspa.org/member/mdpi-ag/) which Beall classifies as [predatory](http://scholarlyoa.com/2014/02/18/chinese-publishner-mdpi-added-to-list-of-questionable-publishers/) and [Hindawi](http://oaspa.org/member/hindawi-publishing-corporation/) which while it never made Beall's list, did make his ["watch list"](http://carbon.ucdenver.edu/~jbeall/Beall%27s%20List%20of%20Predatory,%20Open-Access%20Publishers%202012.pdf).
I think I have two questions. First, why do these consortia affiliate themselves with questionable publishers? Second, how can the academic community pressure open access consortia to consider their members carefully? | 2014/06/20 | [
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/23719",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/users/929/"
] | The academic publishing world has a number of problems with inadequate or completely absent peer review. These problems are present at both open access and subscription journals. The [recent statement from the STM Association also reflects this position that the problems are not just confined to open access journals](https://www.stm-assoc.org/2018_08_09_STM_statement_on_the_increase_of_unethical_and_deceptive_journal_practices.pdf).
The members of OASPA include a heck of a lot of publishers, from very small, to very large, including SpringerNature and Wiley. Elsevier would probably like to be a member but it doesn't meet the stringent [membership criteria for OASPA](https://oaspa.org/membership/membership-criteria/) yet.
Amongst publishers, OASPA membership is seen as a mark of quality. The [Think.Check.Submit](https://thinkchecksubmit.org/) cross-industry initiative encourages researchers to check that if the journal is open access, if the journal is in DOAJ and if the publisher is an OASPA member -- marks of trust/quality. Both DOAJ and OASPA are selective organisations - they don't allow or list just any and every OA journal or publisher.
As @Aubrey's answer notes, [DOAJ have done good work to weed-out questionable journals from DOAJ](https://www.nature.com/news/open-access-website-gets-tough-1.15674).
The same is also true of OASPA. After the [famous Bohannon sting published in *Science*](http://science.sciencemag.org/content/342/6154/60.full) [OASPA responded by investigating](https://oaspa.org/oaspas-second-statement-following-the-article-in-science-entitled-whos-afraid-of-peer-review/) all three of the then (2013) OASPA publisher members that accepted Bohannon's sting article. Those three publishers were [Hikari](http://www.m-hikari.com/), [Dove Medical Press](https://www.dovepress.com/), and [SAGE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAGE_Publications). Incidentally, two Hindawi journals (*Chemotherapy Research and Practice* and *ISRN Oncology*) , one MDPI journal (*Cancers*) and one Frontiers journal (*Frontiers in Pharmacology: Pharmacology of Anti-Cancer Drugs*) tested in Bohannon's sting ALL rejected the sting article, 'passing' the test.
After these OASPA investigations, OASPA [decided to terminate the OASPA memberships of Hikari and Dove Medical Press](https://oaspa.org/oaspas-second-statement-following-the-article-in-science-entitled-whos-afraid-of-peer-review/). Neither publisher have since returned to OASPA membership.
I do not think that DOAJ or OASPA affiliate themselves with questionable publishers, and whenever this has been pointed out to them, they have both taken appropriate, detailed investigations to weed-out questionable journals and publishers.
I guess it all depends on whom one considers a 'questionable publisher or journal'. I certainly do not consider MDPI, Hindawi or Frontiers to be 'predatory publishers' but must admit I would not and have not chosen to publish with Frontiers or Elsevier because of distasteful business practices.
Organisations like DOAJ and OASPA cannot simply bar new members from trying to join - it is not in their spirit (openness!). But they certainly do heavily vet new membership or listing applications. I don't know what else to say. I found the question to be a little leading tbh... | If I understand your question correctly, you're asking about why OASPA and DOAJ associate themselves with MDPI, Frontiers and Hindawi. Only OASPA and DOAJ will know for sure, but I'll venture this reason: MDPI, Frontiers and Hindawi aren't necessarily questionable.
First, something to remember about Beall's list: this started as the work of one person. That means it's easily biased. OA spans from the clearly disreputable on the one end to a very gray area on the other. Beall undoubtedly had good intentions, but if the [Who's Afraid of Peer Review?](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Who%27s_Afraid_of_Peer_Review%3F#DOAJ_versus_Beall's_list) sting meant anything, Beall was only 82% accurate. In the sciences, a theory that predicts the right result 82% of the time is good but not great; in particle physics we even need a 5 sigma result (p-value 1 in 3.5 million) to claim a detection. I'm not saying Beall was wrong about MDPI, Frontiers and Hindawi, but I will say that "because Beall said so" is not a sufficiently good reason to conclude \_\_\_\_ is predatory.
Now about each publisher:
**MDPI**: See [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MDPI#Inclusion_in_Beall's_list) for more information. You can see Beall's criticism of MDPI stems from several aspects, such as how MDPI's articles are lightly-reviewed, how MDPI uses email spam, and how MDPI listed Nobel laureate Mario Capecchi on an editorial board without his knowledge. However:
* Many OA journals do indeed review lightly. For example I once attended a talk by a Springer spokesperson who talked about a journal which reviews for correctness, not novelty (can't find the journal now, but [PLOS ONE has the same policy](http://journals.plos.org/plosone/s/journal-information)). Viewed one way this is laudatory - it makes peer review less random by eliminating one completely subjective facet! Viewed another way, this is terrible - it makes it seem as though the journal will publish old results known for hundreds of years as long as the author is willing to pay. Which is closer to the truth? You'll have to come to your own conclusions.
* Email spam. Although everyone finds them annoying, what constitutes email spam isn't universally agreed on. If you receive an email from someone you don't know with "Dear Professor Strongbad, I saw your question on Academia.SE and find it interesting, would you like to write an editorial on predatory publishers for my journal" - would you call that spam? Some people would, others would not. Also, what exactly isn't email spam anyway? If you never emailed people you didn't know personally, you would never be able to expand a journal large enough to be self-sufficient.
* Finally the Mario Capecchi case was later shown to be the result of inaccurate communication by Capecchi's assistant.
**Frontiers**: again, see the [Wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontiers_Media#History). You'll note that, similar to MDPI, there were established academics who defended Frontiers. Although the volume of allegations against Frontiers in the article is both larger and harder to justify if true, it's also the case that a Frontiers journal rejected John Bohannon's sting paper. [OASPA](https://oaspa.org/frontiers-membership-of-oaspa/) and [COPE](https://publicationethics.org/news/cope-statement-frontiers) both investigated Frontiers, and both decided that Frontiers meets their membership criteria.
**Hindawi**: once again see the [Wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindawi_Publishing_Corporation#History). I don't want to rehash everything I wrote about MDPI and Frontiers since a lot of it also applies to Hindawi, but I'll add a few specific things:
* Hindawi was one of the pioneers of OA. In 2007, they converted all their journals to OA - this was both 1) before OA really took off and 2) pioneering, since even today most big publishers don't use a complete OA model.
* Hindawi is big. With over 400 journals and tens of thousands of published articles a year, Hindawi is a big fish in the OA pond.
* A Hindawi journal also rejected John Bohannon's sting paper.
* Some of Beall's criticism of Hindawi apparently focused on how high its profit margins are (apparently higher than Elsevier's). This not only has no relation to the quality of Hindawi's editorial process, it's also the case that Hindawi's article processing charges are lower than average, and they're based in Egypt, which as a developing country has much lower labour costs than the Netherlands-based Elsevier. One could say that Egyptians are bad at publishing relative to the Dutch, but that's borderline racism.
**tl; dr: it's not a given that any unbiased observer will conclude that these three publishers are disreputable. Accordingly, it shouldn't be surprising that some OA consortia are willing to count them as one of their members.** |
13,948,031 | Can I implement and how to implement a client side of web application based on [MVVM](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model_View_ViewModel) pattern (not MVC) with some JavaScript framework and which framework is good for that ? | 2012/12/19 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/13948031",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1196590/"
] | Yes, there is MVVM implementation. You can try Knockout.js. I think that KendoUI have similar framework MVVM framework. One more framework which you can use is [Knockback](http://kmalakoff.github.com/knockback/) | You should use [knockout.js](http://knockoutjs.com/) it is good:) |
13,948,031 | Can I implement and how to implement a client side of web application based on [MVVM](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model_View_ViewModel) pattern (not MVC) with some JavaScript framework and which framework is good for that ? | 2012/12/19 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/13948031",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1196590/"
] | Yes, there is MVVM implementation. You can try Knockout.js. I think that KendoUI have similar framework MVVM framework. One more framework which you can use is [Knockback](http://kmalakoff.github.com/knockback/) | There are a number of frameworks that incorporate a MVVM pattern. Here is a just a few that would fit the bill:
1. [Knockout](http://knockoutjs.com/)
2. [Backbone](http://backbonejs.org/)
Here is a pretty good comparison guide on a bunch of them.
<http://www.faridesign.net/2012/04/20-javascript-frameworks-mvvm-templating-licenses-etc/> |
13,948,031 | Can I implement and how to implement a client side of web application based on [MVVM](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model_View_ViewModel) pattern (not MVC) with some JavaScript framework and which framework is good for that ? | 2012/12/19 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/13948031",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1196590/"
] | [Knockout.js](http://knockoutjs.com/) is one of the famous MVVM frameworkw as I tried.
[Here](http://addyosmani.com/blog/understanding-mvvm-a-guide-for-javascript-developers/) is a comparison between Backbone.js and Knockout along with a great introduction article to MVVM. | You should use [knockout.js](http://knockoutjs.com/) it is good:) |
13,948,031 | Can I implement and how to implement a client side of web application based on [MVVM](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model_View_ViewModel) pattern (not MVC) with some JavaScript framework and which framework is good for that ? | 2012/12/19 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/13948031",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1196590/"
] | [Knockout.js](http://knockoutjs.com/) is one of the famous MVVM frameworkw as I tried.
[Here](http://addyosmani.com/blog/understanding-mvvm-a-guide-for-javascript-developers/) is a comparison between Backbone.js and Knockout along with a great introduction article to MVVM. | There are a number of frameworks that incorporate a MVVM pattern. Here is a just a few that would fit the bill:
1. [Knockout](http://knockoutjs.com/)
2. [Backbone](http://backbonejs.org/)
Here is a pretty good comparison guide on a bunch of them.
<http://www.faridesign.net/2012/04/20-javascript-frameworks-mvvm-templating-licenses-etc/> |
127,742 | A former client of us hired us again after 3 years. In that period, they had many changes, one of them the use of selfies for security reasons.
I have found this type of security from time to time, and I was always interested in how it would help a security or UX process, and I could never find any conclusive information, but I could find many weaknesses.
Unfortunately, this use of selfies with my client is not negotiable. Although they cannot articulate the reason why this process is good, they spent a lot of money on the system and are not willing to put it aside. Moreover, they are not willing to allocate resources to investigate what the experience of users is when using such a system.
However, I would like to know exactly what the real advantages of such a system would be, since as I said, I could not find any (the system has no facial recognition, which would be a valid reason). If there were real documented advantages, we could look for different ways of including such a system in a more complete flow, but honestly we could not find anything for which I turn to your help.
In case it helps, this system is for an investment company (fintech). And for some reason, it's becoming common both in fintech and in my country (Argentina) where most banks and financial apps use this technology in some way or another
Edit:
=====
Some links with examples of what I mean:
* <https://securityintelligence.com/the-rise-of-the-selfie-authentication-as-a-new-security-factor/>
* <https://www.idemia.com/selfie-check>
* <https://badoo.com/es/team/press/89/>
* <https://www.idtheftcenter.org/selfie-security-your-face-could-soon-become-your-pin/>
[An extremely technical paper on Selfie Security Technology](https://eprint.iacr.org/2019/347.pdf) | 2019/08/27 | [
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/127742",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/users/54669/"
] | Potential disadvantages are numerous:
* Application should have the access to phone camera (or it cannot work)
* People are not always OK with sending their pictures
* Users need to have necessary conditions for making photo (good light, absence of other people or things not for photo)
* Some countries like Germany are very nervous about people's privacy (it includes not only the user, but also anything and anyone others)
* In some places using cameras is forbidden at all (for security reasons)
* Some cultures are not OK with making and sending photos
* ...
Here are some doubtful advantages:
* It may be easier for some users to make a selfie than to use a long password or other type of letters and numbers
* While it is not that hard to fake a single selfie check, it is a hassle to fake your selfie too often (every login, for example). So it is a reasonably good check.
* You can keep every selfie and then use them in investigations, if needed. So you will be able to cancel all suspicious transactions (but don't forget about GDPR and similar privacy laws) | There is a rationale (below) for having, and showing, *an* image that is personal to, or at least recognizable by, the user. However, while a "selfie" will fall into this category, I can't see a reason for *only* allowing a selfie to be used.
---
One technique to guard against fake (phishing) sites is for a website to show something (e.g. an image) during the authentication process that the user has previously chosen/uploaded. On the real site, the user will recognize the image and be (reasonably) sure they are safe. A phishing site would not (without a severe data-breach) know what image to show to which user, so if no image is shown (or it is not the one the user is expecting), then they will know something is wrong.
From [Phishing: General Information](http://www.anti-abuse.org/phishing-general-information/) on *The Anti-Abuse Project* website:
>
> **Augmenting password logins**
>
>
> Bank of America is one of several websites that ask users to select a personal image, and display this user-selected image with any forms that request a password. Users are instructed to only enter a password when they see the image they selected; if the correct image does not appear, they are expected to recognize that the site is not legitimate. However, a recent study suggests few users refrain from entering their password when images are absent. This feature (like other forms of two-factor user authentication) is also susceptible to other attacks, such as those suffered by Scandinavian bank Nordea in late 2005, and Citibank in 2006.
>
>
>
The paper [The Battle Against Phishing:
Dynamic Security Skins](https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~tygar/papers/Phishing/Battle_against_phishing.pdf) (PDF) by *Rachna Dhamija* and *J.D.Tygar* includes:
>
> **4.3 Trusted Path to the Password Window**
>
>
> How can a user trust the client display when every user interface
> element in that display can be spoofed? We propose a solution
> in which the user shares a secret with the display, one that can
> not be known or predicted by any third party. To create a
> trusted path between the user and the display, the display must
> first prove to the user that it knows this secret.
>
>
> Our approach is based on window customization [16]. If user
> interface elements are customized in a way that is recognizable
> to the user but very difficult to predict by others, attackers can
> not mimic those aspects that are unknown to them.
>
>
> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Oe7eH.png)
>
>
> Figure 1: The trusted password window uses a background
> image to prevent spoofing of the window and textboxes.
>
>
> *Source: SOUPS 2005: Proceedings of the 2005 ACM Symposium on Usable Security and Privacy, ACM International Conference Proceedings Series, ACM Press, July 2005, pp. 77-88*
>
>
>
And, from personal experience, the UK's National Savings and Investment (NS&I) website also uses this technique. |
496,886 | I have a Samsung 128 go SSD : MZ5PA128HMCD-01000.
When I'm using it : there is always I/O errors.
I tried to secure-erase it.
But it is impossible to create a new NTFS (or any filesystem...) partition because I still get I/O errors.
I tought maybe upgrading the firmware will solve the problem.
Unfortunately, I'm not able to upgrade the firmware with Samsung SSD Magician Tool
... because Magician says there is no Samsung SSD on my computer...
Is there a way to make Magician recognize this Samsung MZ5PA128HMCD-01000 SSD?
Is another tool available to flash any firmware on a SSD?
What should I do to fix this SSD? | 2012/10/31 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/496886",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/169109/"
] | If trying other cables failed you may want to try the drive on other SATA ports and other computers to ensure the cause of the issues is the SSD itself. Try other Power cables too.
Check if the drive is recognized in BIOS, [Device Manager](http://products.wdc.com/support/kb.ashx?id=lVsXdu), [Disk Management](http://products.wdc.com/support/kb.ashx?id=ktLG5g), DiskPart and the Manufacturer tool when connected to another working PC with a cable and to a port that certainly work.
If you get the drive to be recognized try checking the raw values of the S.M.A.R.T. status and see if the drive has any problems.
If all else fails, try contacting the manufacturer's support. | If you get I/O errors it sounds rather like the disk is gone. They should come with two or three years warranty, though, so try contacting the vendor for a replacement. |
127,209 | Does the sentence in bold mean "making Goldman Sachs stock price equal to Chevron and Exxon Mobil's stock prices, and three of them have become the worst Dow stocks of 2017"?
Morgan Stanley's stock is now back in positive territory for 2017 thanks to its rally on Wednesday. Goldman Sachs shares are down 10%, **putting it in a virtual three-way tie with oil giants Chevron (CVX) and Exxon Mobil (XOM) as the worst Dow stocks of 2017.**
Source: <http://money.cnn.com/2017/04/19/investing/morgan-stanley-earnings-wall-street-goldman-sachs/index.html?iid=SF_LN> | 2017/04/20 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/127209",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/28098/"
] | I've upvoted @insanity's answer, but I'd like to provide an alternative as well:
* Because this next generation of PIs has suffered at the hands of their current mentors, some of these next-generation PIs will understand better what NOT to do as a mentor, I believe.
>
> This next generation of PIs has suffered.
>
>
> This next generation of PIs has suffered at the hands of their mentors.
>
>
> Because this next generation of PIs has suffered at the hands of their current mentors, some of the PIs from this next generation should understand what to do as a mentor...
>
>
> ...and what not to do.
>
>
> I, as the writer, believe all of the above to be true.
>
>
>
As @insanity has mentioned, "having a handle" on something means [to understand something well](http://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/british/have-get-a-handle-on-something) (Macmillan Dictionary).
Meanwhile, this "next generation" of PIs have "suffered" at the hands of their mentors.
Thus, because of their own suffering, they will understand better how to keep the people they mentor in the future from "suffering."
I put "suffering" in quotes because we are not sure exactly what sort of "suffering" the PIs have undergone without further context. | "I believe that there will be some people of the next generation, who have a better handle on what they should NOT do as a mentor. They would know, having suffered themselves. (at the hands of less than ideal mentoring)"
Here, having a handle on something means to understand something well. Since they've been at the receiving end of some mentoring mistakes, they understand well that they ought not to repeat them when they'll be mentoring someone themselves. |
57,413 | The date format is usually written as mm/dd/yy and sometimes the month written out followed by the day followed by a comma and the year. My question is: is it academically acceptable to write the date in mm.dd.yy format? I like the . . . format better than the / / / format, which is why I ask the question. | 2015/11/02 | [
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/57413",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/users/43682/"
] | The International Standard ISO 8601 is **YYYY-MM-DD**.
See [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601#Dates) and [A summary of the international standard date and time notation](https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/iso-time.html).
Sadly this is not used by everyone as can be seen in this [article about date formats per country](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Date_format_by_country):
* The most popular order is *day-month-year* (*Little-Endian*, cyan in the image), used by about 57% of the world population.
* Next is *year-month-day* (*Big-Endian*, yellow), used by about 29%.
* Then *month-day-year* (*Middle-Endian*, magenta), used by about 6%.
* The remaining 8% use a mix of the above.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/nIfql.png)
But, in the end the most important is the standards used in your university or the conference or journal you are sending your papers to. | If someone else has authority over your format, for example your advisor or the publisher of the journal you're writing for, then follow that someone's format requirements. If there's nobody with such authority, or if the person with authority doesn't care about the format, then use whatever format you like (but make sure you use it consistently). |
57,413 | The date format is usually written as mm/dd/yy and sometimes the month written out followed by the day followed by a comma and the year. My question is: is it academically acceptable to write the date in mm.dd.yy format? I like the . . . format better than the / / / format, which is why I ask the question. | 2015/11/02 | [
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/57413",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/users/43682/"
] | If someone else has authority over your format, for example your advisor or the publisher of the journal you're writing for, then follow that someone's format requirements. If there's nobody with such authority, or if the person with authority doesn't care about the format, then use whatever format you like (but make sure you use it consistently). | I would agree with the recommendation to use ISO8601. Not only is it an recognized international standard, it's logical, it removes ambiguity, and by using it, you'll help to spread awareness. The sooner all of the other formats for date and time die off, the better for everyone. |
57,413 | The date format is usually written as mm/dd/yy and sometimes the month written out followed by the day followed by a comma and the year. My question is: is it academically acceptable to write the date in mm.dd.yy format? I like the . . . format better than the / / / format, which is why I ask the question. | 2015/11/02 | [
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/57413",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/users/43682/"
] | The International Standard ISO 8601 is **YYYY-MM-DD**.
See [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601#Dates) and [A summary of the international standard date and time notation](https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/iso-time.html).
Sadly this is not used by everyone as can be seen in this [article about date formats per country](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Date_format_by_country):
* The most popular order is *day-month-year* (*Little-Endian*, cyan in the image), used by about 57% of the world population.
* Next is *year-month-day* (*Big-Endian*, yellow), used by about 29%.
* Then *month-day-year* (*Middle-Endian*, magenta), used by about 6%.
* The remaining 8% use a mix of the above.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/nIfql.png)
But, in the end the most important is the standards used in your university or the conference or journal you are sending your papers to. | I would agree with the recommendation to use ISO8601. Not only is it an recognized international standard, it's logical, it removes ambiguity, and by using it, you'll help to spread awareness. The sooner all of the other formats for date and time die off, the better for everyone. |
57,413 | The date format is usually written as mm/dd/yy and sometimes the month written out followed by the day followed by a comma and the year. My question is: is it academically acceptable to write the date in mm.dd.yy format? I like the . . . format better than the / / / format, which is why I ask the question. | 2015/11/02 | [
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/57413",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/users/43682/"
] | The International Standard ISO 8601 is **YYYY-MM-DD**.
See [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601#Dates) and [A summary of the international standard date and time notation](https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/iso-time.html).
Sadly this is not used by everyone as can be seen in this [article about date formats per country](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Date_format_by_country):
* The most popular order is *day-month-year* (*Little-Endian*, cyan in the image), used by about 57% of the world population.
* Next is *year-month-day* (*Big-Endian*, yellow), used by about 29%.
* Then *month-day-year* (*Middle-Endian*, magenta), used by about 6%.
* The remaining 8% use a mix of the above.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/nIfql.png)
But, in the end the most important is the standards used in your university or the conference or journal you are sending your papers to. | As a millennium programmer the only way to remove ambiguity I've found is that you spell out the month and use 4 numbers for the year:
December 4th 2015
4 December 2015
2015 December 4 |
57,413 | The date format is usually written as mm/dd/yy and sometimes the month written out followed by the day followed by a comma and the year. My question is: is it academically acceptable to write the date in mm.dd.yy format? I like the . . . format better than the / / / format, which is why I ask the question. | 2015/11/02 | [
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/57413",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/users/43682/"
] | As a millennium programmer the only way to remove ambiguity I've found is that you spell out the month and use 4 numbers for the year:
December 4th 2015
4 December 2015
2015 December 4 | I would agree with the recommendation to use ISO8601. Not only is it an recognized international standard, it's logical, it removes ambiguity, and by using it, you'll help to spread awareness. The sooner all of the other formats for date and time die off, the better for everyone. |
136,061 | This summer I and a couple of friends will travel to Japan for three weeks, we will stay one week in Kyoto and the other two in Tokyo. When staying in Tokyo we want to visit a concert by LiSA at Nakano Sun Plaza Hall. I've managed to find the date and place of the concert via the [official website](http://www.lxixsxa.com/live/) and Google translate. A ticket seller named **Disk Garage** is mentioned, so I looked up the concert there too and [found it](https://www.diskgarage.com/ticket/detail/no081617). Now i can see the date, location and price of the tickets, but I'm still not sure where or how exactly I book the tickets, since the Google-translated version of the site doesn't seem to contain a proper translation on **how** to get the tickets.
If it is relevant, I'm from Germany.
So my question is: "Where and how can i buy tickets for the concert mentioned above?" | 2019/04/21 | [
"https://travel.stackexchange.com/questions/136061",
"https://travel.stackexchange.com",
"https://travel.stackexchange.com/users/74048/"
] | **SHORT ANSWER**
Without help from a friend in Japan or using a proxy, it will be difficult to get concert tickets, which are hard enough to get *in* Japan.
**LONG ANSWER**
Currently, there are no general sales tickets available, and they have yet to announce the date.
On the site you posted, the following was posted along with the concert schedule:
>
> ※本日0時より、オフィシャルファンクラブFC「リサラボっ。」にて先行チケット申し込みを開始します。
> 受付期間：2019/4/7（日） 0:00 ～ 2019/4/21（日） 23:59（抽選）
>
> Translation: Advance sales raffle applications for are accepted through the official fan club from 4/7-4/21
>
>
>
It is expected that they will announce the general sales date after the results of the fan club raffle. Some events announce all the dates at the start, some (like this one) announce only after the last wave of sales is done. The official fan site lists the result period as 4/27-5/1, and at the same time I assume information about general sales will be announced as well.
Some things you should know:
1) **Raffle**
By the looks of it, I'm sure the general sales will also be a raffle. This is common in Japan for popular events. This means that you will not be guaranteed a ticket until late in your planning, so I suggest starting making alternate plans if this falls through. Depending on the concert, there are also "Live Viewings", where the concert is satellite broadcasted to select movie theaters. I couldn't find any information regarding that for this concert, but sometimes live viewings are announced fairly late. Also there are slim chances of onsite tickets, but looking at the size of the venue, it seems unlikely.
2) **Accounts**
They are using e+ for the fan club tickets, so I am assuming the same for general sales. You will need an e+ account, which means you need a Japanese phone number to verify the account. You will need to ask a friend in Japan, or use a proxy service to help you buy the tickets (never used any before, so I can't attest to their trustworthiness).
3) **Payment**
If you do manage to create a valid account with a friend's help, note that you have to have more help when paying. Many ticket sites, including e+, do not accept foreign credit cards. The best way is to have a friend pay through the convenience store (e+ usually offers 7-11 or Family Mart), with a nominal transaction fee. Note that payment option MUST be selected when initially submitting, which means making the wrong choice (i.e., credit card) will result in forfeiting the ticket. And make sure to check the results of the raffle promptly, as the payment window for concert tickets is usually short (3-5 days).
It would also be a good idea to choose to receive the tickets at the convenience store as well, so you can just pick it up when you arrive (usually you can print 1-2 weeks ahead of the event).
4) **Number of Tickets**
You are limited in the amount of tickets you can purchase. Considering the concert is in Tokyo and at a smaller venue, you will most likely only be limited to 2 tickets. If you need more, your friends will have to apply as well.
5) **Name**
Your name is printed on the tickets. If you do get the tickets, remember to bring your passport. The operators may or may not choose to check ID, but there's no point risking it. So whether making an e+ account or using a proxy, make sure your real name (preferably exactly your passport) is used. Also another reason against buying scalped tickets, unless the ticket holder is going in with you.
**HOW TO APPLY**
I haven't really shown how to apply for the tickets. So let's assume you have a legit account and that it's on e+. It's going to require a lot of Japanese navigating, and you have a limited time before the site times out and you'll have to start from the beginning.
1) **Information**
I'm assuming you have made it to the e+ page for the Lisa concert of choice. From there, you will select the basic information of the concert: 公開日時 (concert time), 席種 (seat type), and 枚数 (amount of tickets). A lot of concerts will only have one concert time, though smaller ones will have two in one day, and you'll usually pick which one here. For seat types, again, usually it's only one type. Some have premier seat, and some have standing-only seats. Once you're done click on ログイン to go to the login screen. Make sure to get the password right, as three fails will lock your account for a while.
2) **Receiving and Payment**
Next screen will be about receiving and payment, in that order. 受取方法 is the "Method of Receiving" section and "支払方法" is the "Method of Payment" section. Note that the choices available vary from event to event.
3) **Final Confirmation**
This is the confirmation screen. If everything is well, press the pink button 同意して購入. Note that some events require you to check waiver clause first, usually pretty close above the button.
---
Note there are a few guides out there on the internet that provide some useful information. I found [this one](https://idolisshit.com/2017/06/09/guide-want-go-concerts-japan/) or [this one](https://www.japanconcerttickets.com/howto/buying-concert-tickets-japan/) after a quick google search. | With a bit of random clicking around, I found this site <https://eplus.jp/sf/live/lisasp>
However, googletranslate suggests that it might be sold out, and that's a resale site. To find that page, starting from your Disk Garage page, I clicked on
1. 未定 at bottom
2. purple button on end of row
3. e+(イープラス)
BTW, we have a Japanese learners stack; they might be able to help ( <https://japanese.stackexchange.com/> ) |
136,061 | This summer I and a couple of friends will travel to Japan for three weeks, we will stay one week in Kyoto and the other two in Tokyo. When staying in Tokyo we want to visit a concert by LiSA at Nakano Sun Plaza Hall. I've managed to find the date and place of the concert via the [official website](http://www.lxixsxa.com/live/) and Google translate. A ticket seller named **Disk Garage** is mentioned, so I looked up the concert there too and [found it](https://www.diskgarage.com/ticket/detail/no081617). Now i can see the date, location and price of the tickets, but I'm still not sure where or how exactly I book the tickets, since the Google-translated version of the site doesn't seem to contain a proper translation on **how** to get the tickets.
If it is relevant, I'm from Germany.
So my question is: "Where and how can i buy tickets for the concert mentioned above?" | 2019/04/21 | [
"https://travel.stackexchange.com/questions/136061",
"https://travel.stackexchange.com",
"https://travel.stackexchange.com/users/74048/"
] | **TL;DR**: If you enter a fan club/general "raffle" (抽選):
1. you enter the raffle;
2. you get notified if you're successful;
3. if you're successful, have a friend pay at a FamilyMart;
4. pick up your tickets at a FamilyMart when you arrive in Japan.
If you buy a general sales (一般発売) ticket:
1. you go to eplus and buy your ticket;
2. you pay with a JCB card or have a friend pay at a FamilyMart;
3. you pick up your tickets at a FamilyMart.
Being a big fan of Japanese music, I have been to a number of concerts in Japan. Here are some of my observations and experiences.
It's very hard to purchase tickets from abroad, unless the relevant parties consciously make it easy for people from abroad. Of the major ticketing websites (Lawson Ticket (L-Tike), eplus, pia and Rakuten Tickets, perhaps also Line Tickets these days), only Rakuten supports users from abroad reliably (since you can pay with international credit cards). l-tike even go as far as blocking overseas IP addresses.
It seems that tickets for the Nakano Sun Plaza show is not on sale yet, so take a deep breath. There's a fan club pre-sale, which will allow you to claim your ticket earlier and get you some better tickets, but you need to join the fan club to enter the raffle. If you want a good seat, consider that.
Almost all Japanese artists do a "raffle" before general sale. Some do two or more: one or more for fan club members, and one for non-members. FC members can enter the raffle early and thus have a higher chance to get a better seat (or any ticket at all). However there's no guarantee, everything is ultimately random.
If you do join the fan club (=FC), you'll login to your FC account, click on a link, and then enter the raffle through eplus (or whatever ticketing site the artist's management prefers). Keep in mind that joining the FC will cost you money too, usually a yearly fee of 2,000-5,000 yen.
After a few days, you'll be notified if you have been selected (当選) or not (落選). Depending on the artist, the selectivity can vary greatly: but my guess is that LiSA concerts are not extremely popular, so there's a decent chance to get selected she's much more popular nowadays.
**Remember to select the option to claim your ticket at a convenience store**; this will save you so much hassle. The preferred convenience store chain of eplus is FamilyMart, BTW.
All the major ticketing outlets also provide e-tickets (QR codes) nowadays, but it is up to the event host whether or not to use them. If e-tickets are used, you will just need to download the ticketing site's app on your phone and show your QR code at the entrance. However, sometimes FCs do not allow overseas fans to join. Some require payment via a Japanese mobile carrier, and some require a Japanese credit card.
In some cases, FC tickets have printed names to prevent unauthorized resale. However, this happens almost only when the artist is immensely popular (think Perfume, Nogizaka46, EXILE, etc.), so I don't think this is likely. But if that is the case, you'd need to bring your passport to the concert. Some artists use facial recognition nowadays; you'll have to upload a photo to the ticketing site, and a facial recognition system will check if your face matches that photo.
After you get selected, you will have a few days to pay. However, AFAIK, eplus rejects foreign credit cards (except perhaps JCB and Amex cards), so if you don't have a JCB/Amex card, you'll need to have a friend pay for you at a FamilyMart in cash. If you don't pay in time, your ticket will be cancelled. I suggest don't even try using your card, unless you can confirm it would work otherwise. If you use a credit card and the payment doesn't go through, usually your ticket is cancelled right away, so do not risk that.
I can confirm that Rakuten Ticket accepts all major brand international cards, and eplus & L-Tike accepts Amex & JCB cards. I don't know about the others.
Then, when you arrive in Japan, go to any FamilyMart and claim your ticket at the FamiPort (ファミポート) terminal in the store. You'd need to type in the code sent to you via email, print the receipt, and give it to the cashier. The cashier will then print the ticket for you, and you're good to go. But IIRC the FamiPort terminal interface is Japanese only, so you'd need to be able to read that, or have someone help you with that.
Alternatively, if you don't want to enter the raffle, you can almost always buy a general sales ticket. Just go to the same website (eplus) and pay with a JCB card/have a friend pay, and then claim your ticket at a FamilyMart. Exactly the same process.
If you're confident, you can wait until you get to Japan and purchase the ticket at a FamilyMart. All FamiPort terminals are connected to eplus, so you can buy your ticket at one of those terminals and pay at the cashier. eplus shuts down online sales around 24-48 hours before the event, so going to a FamilyMart is the only way you'd get a ticket that late.
A reminder: the layout of Nakano Sun Plaza Hall makes it a bit hard to see clearly in the back, so getting a FC ticket might be worth it. If you don't care too much, I think it's likely you'd be able to get a ticket even after you arrive in Japan.
If you do this more than a few times and are sick of going to a convenience store every time, consider getting yourself a LINE prepaid JCB card. This can be recharged at Seven Bank ATMs and used just like any other JCB card.
**Ticket Resales**
There are "unofficial" ticket resale sites in Japan. Some artists are popular, and as such there's much more demand than supply. Technically, tickets cannot be transferred to another person, however since most tickets don't have a printed name, there's no way to know who bought the ticket. Even if there is, there's a way to work around it.
The largest resale site in Japan is [Ryutsu Center](https://www.ticket.co.jp/), though they have blocked international customers due to troubles with them, so you'll need to have a Japanese address. The use of resale sites is not endorsed by this answer. | With a bit of random clicking around, I found this site <https://eplus.jp/sf/live/lisasp>
However, googletranslate suggests that it might be sold out, and that's a resale site. To find that page, starting from your Disk Garage page, I clicked on
1. 未定 at bottom
2. purple button on end of row
3. e+(イープラス)
BTW, we have a Japanese learners stack; they might be able to help ( <https://japanese.stackexchange.com/> ) |
136,061 | This summer I and a couple of friends will travel to Japan for three weeks, we will stay one week in Kyoto and the other two in Tokyo. When staying in Tokyo we want to visit a concert by LiSA at Nakano Sun Plaza Hall. I've managed to find the date and place of the concert via the [official website](http://www.lxixsxa.com/live/) and Google translate. A ticket seller named **Disk Garage** is mentioned, so I looked up the concert there too and [found it](https://www.diskgarage.com/ticket/detail/no081617). Now i can see the date, location and price of the tickets, but I'm still not sure where or how exactly I book the tickets, since the Google-translated version of the site doesn't seem to contain a proper translation on **how** to get the tickets.
If it is relevant, I'm from Germany.
So my question is: "Where and how can i buy tickets for the concert mentioned above?" | 2019/04/21 | [
"https://travel.stackexchange.com/questions/136061",
"https://travel.stackexchange.com",
"https://travel.stackexchange.com/users/74048/"
] | **TL;DR**: If you enter a fan club/general "raffle" (抽選):
1. you enter the raffle;
2. you get notified if you're successful;
3. if you're successful, have a friend pay at a FamilyMart;
4. pick up your tickets at a FamilyMart when you arrive in Japan.
If you buy a general sales (一般発売) ticket:
1. you go to eplus and buy your ticket;
2. you pay with a JCB card or have a friend pay at a FamilyMart;
3. you pick up your tickets at a FamilyMart.
Being a big fan of Japanese music, I have been to a number of concerts in Japan. Here are some of my observations and experiences.
It's very hard to purchase tickets from abroad, unless the relevant parties consciously make it easy for people from abroad. Of the major ticketing websites (Lawson Ticket (L-Tike), eplus, pia and Rakuten Tickets, perhaps also Line Tickets these days), only Rakuten supports users from abroad reliably (since you can pay with international credit cards). l-tike even go as far as blocking overseas IP addresses.
It seems that tickets for the Nakano Sun Plaza show is not on sale yet, so take a deep breath. There's a fan club pre-sale, which will allow you to claim your ticket earlier and get you some better tickets, but you need to join the fan club to enter the raffle. If you want a good seat, consider that.
Almost all Japanese artists do a "raffle" before general sale. Some do two or more: one or more for fan club members, and one for non-members. FC members can enter the raffle early and thus have a higher chance to get a better seat (or any ticket at all). However there's no guarantee, everything is ultimately random.
If you do join the fan club (=FC), you'll login to your FC account, click on a link, and then enter the raffle through eplus (or whatever ticketing site the artist's management prefers). Keep in mind that joining the FC will cost you money too, usually a yearly fee of 2,000-5,000 yen.
After a few days, you'll be notified if you have been selected (当選) or not (落選). Depending on the artist, the selectivity can vary greatly: but my guess is that LiSA concerts are not extremely popular, so there's a decent chance to get selected she's much more popular nowadays.
**Remember to select the option to claim your ticket at a convenience store**; this will save you so much hassle. The preferred convenience store chain of eplus is FamilyMart, BTW.
All the major ticketing outlets also provide e-tickets (QR codes) nowadays, but it is up to the event host whether or not to use them. If e-tickets are used, you will just need to download the ticketing site's app on your phone and show your QR code at the entrance. However, sometimes FCs do not allow overseas fans to join. Some require payment via a Japanese mobile carrier, and some require a Japanese credit card.
In some cases, FC tickets have printed names to prevent unauthorized resale. However, this happens almost only when the artist is immensely popular (think Perfume, Nogizaka46, EXILE, etc.), so I don't think this is likely. But if that is the case, you'd need to bring your passport to the concert. Some artists use facial recognition nowadays; you'll have to upload a photo to the ticketing site, and a facial recognition system will check if your face matches that photo.
After you get selected, you will have a few days to pay. However, AFAIK, eplus rejects foreign credit cards (except perhaps JCB and Amex cards), so if you don't have a JCB/Amex card, you'll need to have a friend pay for you at a FamilyMart in cash. If you don't pay in time, your ticket will be cancelled. I suggest don't even try using your card, unless you can confirm it would work otherwise. If you use a credit card and the payment doesn't go through, usually your ticket is cancelled right away, so do not risk that.
I can confirm that Rakuten Ticket accepts all major brand international cards, and eplus & L-Tike accepts Amex & JCB cards. I don't know about the others.
Then, when you arrive in Japan, go to any FamilyMart and claim your ticket at the FamiPort (ファミポート) terminal in the store. You'd need to type in the code sent to you via email, print the receipt, and give it to the cashier. The cashier will then print the ticket for you, and you're good to go. But IIRC the FamiPort terminal interface is Japanese only, so you'd need to be able to read that, or have someone help you with that.
Alternatively, if you don't want to enter the raffle, you can almost always buy a general sales ticket. Just go to the same website (eplus) and pay with a JCB card/have a friend pay, and then claim your ticket at a FamilyMart. Exactly the same process.
If you're confident, you can wait until you get to Japan and purchase the ticket at a FamilyMart. All FamiPort terminals are connected to eplus, so you can buy your ticket at one of those terminals and pay at the cashier. eplus shuts down online sales around 24-48 hours before the event, so going to a FamilyMart is the only way you'd get a ticket that late.
A reminder: the layout of Nakano Sun Plaza Hall makes it a bit hard to see clearly in the back, so getting a FC ticket might be worth it. If you don't care too much, I think it's likely you'd be able to get a ticket even after you arrive in Japan.
If you do this more than a few times and are sick of going to a convenience store every time, consider getting yourself a LINE prepaid JCB card. This can be recharged at Seven Bank ATMs and used just like any other JCB card.
**Ticket Resales**
There are "unofficial" ticket resale sites in Japan. Some artists are popular, and as such there's much more demand than supply. Technically, tickets cannot be transferred to another person, however since most tickets don't have a printed name, there's no way to know who bought the ticket. Even if there is, there's a way to work around it.
The largest resale site in Japan is [Ryutsu Center](https://www.ticket.co.jp/), though they have blocked international customers due to troubles with them, so you'll need to have a Japanese address. The use of resale sites is not endorsed by this answer. | **SHORT ANSWER**
Without help from a friend in Japan or using a proxy, it will be difficult to get concert tickets, which are hard enough to get *in* Japan.
**LONG ANSWER**
Currently, there are no general sales tickets available, and they have yet to announce the date.
On the site you posted, the following was posted along with the concert schedule:
>
> ※本日0時より、オフィシャルファンクラブFC「リサラボっ。」にて先行チケット申し込みを開始します。
> 受付期間：2019/4/7（日） 0:00 ～ 2019/4/21（日） 23:59（抽選）
>
> Translation: Advance sales raffle applications for are accepted through the official fan club from 4/7-4/21
>
>
>
It is expected that they will announce the general sales date after the results of the fan club raffle. Some events announce all the dates at the start, some (like this one) announce only after the last wave of sales is done. The official fan site lists the result period as 4/27-5/1, and at the same time I assume information about general sales will be announced as well.
Some things you should know:
1) **Raffle**
By the looks of it, I'm sure the general sales will also be a raffle. This is common in Japan for popular events. This means that you will not be guaranteed a ticket until late in your planning, so I suggest starting making alternate plans if this falls through. Depending on the concert, there are also "Live Viewings", where the concert is satellite broadcasted to select movie theaters. I couldn't find any information regarding that for this concert, but sometimes live viewings are announced fairly late. Also there are slim chances of onsite tickets, but looking at the size of the venue, it seems unlikely.
2) **Accounts**
They are using e+ for the fan club tickets, so I am assuming the same for general sales. You will need an e+ account, which means you need a Japanese phone number to verify the account. You will need to ask a friend in Japan, or use a proxy service to help you buy the tickets (never used any before, so I can't attest to their trustworthiness).
3) **Payment**
If you do manage to create a valid account with a friend's help, note that you have to have more help when paying. Many ticket sites, including e+, do not accept foreign credit cards. The best way is to have a friend pay through the convenience store (e+ usually offers 7-11 or Family Mart), with a nominal transaction fee. Note that payment option MUST be selected when initially submitting, which means making the wrong choice (i.e., credit card) will result in forfeiting the ticket. And make sure to check the results of the raffle promptly, as the payment window for concert tickets is usually short (3-5 days).
It would also be a good idea to choose to receive the tickets at the convenience store as well, so you can just pick it up when you arrive (usually you can print 1-2 weeks ahead of the event).
4) **Number of Tickets**
You are limited in the amount of tickets you can purchase. Considering the concert is in Tokyo and at a smaller venue, you will most likely only be limited to 2 tickets. If you need more, your friends will have to apply as well.
5) **Name**
Your name is printed on the tickets. If you do get the tickets, remember to bring your passport. The operators may or may not choose to check ID, but there's no point risking it. So whether making an e+ account or using a proxy, make sure your real name (preferably exactly your passport) is used. Also another reason against buying scalped tickets, unless the ticket holder is going in with you.
**HOW TO APPLY**
I haven't really shown how to apply for the tickets. So let's assume you have a legit account and that it's on e+. It's going to require a lot of Japanese navigating, and you have a limited time before the site times out and you'll have to start from the beginning.
1) **Information**
I'm assuming you have made it to the e+ page for the Lisa concert of choice. From there, you will select the basic information of the concert: 公開日時 (concert time), 席種 (seat type), and 枚数 (amount of tickets). A lot of concerts will only have one concert time, though smaller ones will have two in one day, and you'll usually pick which one here. For seat types, again, usually it's only one type. Some have premier seat, and some have standing-only seats. Once you're done click on ログイン to go to the login screen. Make sure to get the password right, as three fails will lock your account for a while.
2) **Receiving and Payment**
Next screen will be about receiving and payment, in that order. 受取方法 is the "Method of Receiving" section and "支払方法" is the "Method of Payment" section. Note that the choices available vary from event to event.
3) **Final Confirmation**
This is the confirmation screen. If everything is well, press the pink button 同意して購入. Note that some events require you to check waiver clause first, usually pretty close above the button.
---
Note there are a few guides out there on the internet that provide some useful information. I found [this one](https://idolisshit.com/2017/06/09/guide-want-go-concerts-japan/) or [this one](https://www.japanconcerttickets.com/howto/buying-concert-tickets-japan/) after a quick google search. |
31,065,256 | On our first iOS app, the person who started up our account with Apple assigned the "legal" permission to our shared support mail, and as such, the "legal" permission was assigned to that Apple ID. Even though the CEO filled in all the paperwork there, having access to that mail as well, "legal" should not have been assigned to that AppleID.
We need to now move that permission from the shared support mail over to our CEO's own company mail, but I can't seem to move that permission over, even while logged in as the current "legal" user. The check box for "legal" seems to be unclickable.
Is there any way to CHANGE the AppleID that is assigned to "legal?" | 2015/06/26 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/31065256",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1204807/"
] | The legal role can only be reassigned by contacting the developer support
<https://developer.apple.com/contact/submit/> | If I understand correctly and you would like to sign the legal role to another person, you have o do that under the **User and Roles** Tab in iTunes Connect. To change the user's roles you need to have the admin account. If you want to change the Apple ID that is used to sign all the contacts, that is unfortunately not possible. This is in most cases the initial email with which the account was initially created. This unfortunately will have to stay the same unless you convert from a private to a company account. Hope that helps. |
31,065,256 | On our first iOS app, the person who started up our account with Apple assigned the "legal" permission to our shared support mail, and as such, the "legal" permission was assigned to that Apple ID. Even though the CEO filled in all the paperwork there, having access to that mail as well, "legal" should not have been assigned to that AppleID.
We need to now move that permission from the shared support mail over to our CEO's own company mail, but I can't seem to move that permission over, even while logged in as the current "legal" user. The check box for "legal" seems to be unclickable.
Is there any way to CHANGE the AppleID that is assigned to "legal?" | 2015/06/26 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/31065256",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1204807/"
] | See instructions for Transferring the Team Agent Role (legal role) on this page:
<https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/IDEs/Conceptual/AppDistributionGuide/ManagingYourTeam/ManagingYourTeam.html>
In a nutshell (from the page above):
>
> Sign in to developer.apple.com/account as the team agent, and click
> Membership.
>
>
> Scroll down to Settings, and click Transfer Team Agent Role.
>
>
> Follow the instructions that appear in a series of dialogs.
>
>
> For example, you will be asked to choose a new team agent and sign an
> Agent Transferor Agreement.
>
>
> | If I understand correctly and you would like to sign the legal role to another person, you have o do that under the **User and Roles** Tab in iTunes Connect. To change the user's roles you need to have the admin account. If you want to change the Apple ID that is used to sign all the contacts, that is unfortunately not possible. This is in most cases the initial email with which the account was initially created. This unfortunately will have to stay the same unless you convert from a private to a company account. Hope that helps. |
31,065,256 | On our first iOS app, the person who started up our account with Apple assigned the "legal" permission to our shared support mail, and as such, the "legal" permission was assigned to that Apple ID. Even though the CEO filled in all the paperwork there, having access to that mail as well, "legal" should not have been assigned to that AppleID.
We need to now move that permission from the shared support mail over to our CEO's own company mail, but I can't seem to move that permission over, even while logged in as the current "legal" user. The check box for "legal" seems to be unclickable.
Is there any way to CHANGE the AppleID that is assigned to "legal?" | 2015/06/26 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/31065256",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1204807/"
] | See instructions for Transferring the Team Agent Role (legal role) on this page:
<https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/IDEs/Conceptual/AppDistributionGuide/ManagingYourTeam/ManagingYourTeam.html>
In a nutshell (from the page above):
>
> Sign in to developer.apple.com/account as the team agent, and click
> Membership.
>
>
> Scroll down to Settings, and click Transfer Team Agent Role.
>
>
> Follow the instructions that appear in a series of dialogs.
>
>
> For example, you will be asked to choose a new team agent and sign an
> Agent Transferor Agreement.
>
>
> | The legal role can only be reassigned by contacting the developer support
<https://developer.apple.com/contact/submit/> |
14,229,771 | Is there a replacement for Azman, that is a new way to apply security. Previously we were using EntLib 3 and used Azman for our security and authorisation. However an article I read about the vision of EntLib 6.0 is to deprecate Security(*link below*), but there is no alternative specified. May someone please advise what the best method to handle security and authorization is now?
[Article](http://blogs.msdn.com/b/agile/archive/2012/11/08/enterprise-library-6-0-vision-scope.aspx) | 2013/01/09 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/14229771",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/493290/"
] | **edit:** Azman seems deprecated on Windows 2012 R2, see the first link
AzMan itself is NOT deprecated and is [available](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb897401.aspx) for modern versions of Windows, including Windows Server 2012 and Windows 8. What is deprecated is the EntLib’s Security Application Block which included a wrapper to AzMan. This is aligned with our [deprecation approach](http://blogs.msdn.com/b/agile/archive/2011/04/08/on-deprecation.aspx).
You have several options depending on your upgrade objectives:
1. Upgrade to EntLib5.0 which still includes the Security
Application Block with AzMan wrapper.
2. Use AzMan directly.
3. Upgrade to EntLib 6, but take the source of AzMan wrapper from EntLib5.
4. Use claims-based authorization though that’s a very different model. For more info, I suggest you take a look at this [Guide to Claims-Based Identity](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff423674.aspx). | In terms of migrating to a claims-based approach, have a look at:
[Claims : Azman in the new claims-based world](http://nzpcmad.blogspot.co.nz/2016/04/claims-azman-in-new-claims-based-world.html).
Note Azman is deprecated as of Windows Server 2012 R2 and may be removed in subsequent versions. |
34,813 | My fiancé question me as to whether I have a boyfriend and/or sexual relationship. I told him that I did not have any. But shaitan misguided him and he saw a boy in my Facebook account and thought he was my ex-boyfriend. He texted him and asked him about us, and he told him that there was nothing between us but told him that I once met him.
My fiancé asked me but I claimed that I did not meet him, because I thought of how would he react. But, thank God, that is all settled now and he asked for my forgiveness and after some time I told him that I didn't have any boyfriend but some good guys proposed to me and I checked whether or not they are suitable for me for marriage, but I rejected them.
I didn't tell him that I met two of them (my intentions and their intentions were also pure and we met in public place and did not crossed the limits). But now shaitan is making me feel bad that I lied to him, but I have read that if we didn't any sin, we have to conceal them and Allah also conceals them for us. But I'm feeling bad.
What should I do according to Islam? As it is not a sin to find a suitable partner for oneself and it all happened before him. | 2016/08/09 | [
"https://islam.stackexchange.com/questions/34813",
"https://islam.stackexchange.com",
"https://islam.stackexchange.com/users/17865/"
] | Sin is something which you hate others knowing about it. If you did not sin, you shouldn't be afraid and not lie.
If he understands you, he is **mature enough** and likely will live with you peacefully. That way you can know that he is a *suitable boy for marriage*. Else maybe you should move onto next.
Also please remind him about this Ayah,
>
> *O you who have believed, **avoid much [negative] assumption**. Indeed, some assumption is sin. And do not spy or backbite each other. Would one of you like to eat the flesh of his brother when dead? You would detest it. And fear Allah ; indeed, Allah is Accepting of repentance and Merciful.* ([Qur'an 49:12](http://corpus.quran.com/translation.jsp?chapter=49&verse=12))
>
>
> | Finding a suitable partner is not per se haram or a sin in Islam.
You can even meet if there's a mahram, some may allow to meet in public as long as the conversation is limited to what is allowed to speak about between two foreigners of different genders.
But you must be aware that if you are engaged it isn't allowed to anybody to ask for your hand (See for example [sahih Muslim](http://sunnah.com/muslim/16/58)), so if you are engaged with somebody you should reject anybody Else's proposal unless you have separated or dissolved your engagement. So if you **met** somebody else while engaged that is a "dark grey zone" of halal, as engagement isn't marriage so this can be dissolved any time by both parties without any problems. But if this guy who wanted to ask for your hand knew you were engaged he shouldn't go on and ask for your hand and you shouldn't accept as this would be a sin for him and a help in doing a sin for you. If he didn't know about your engagement he can go ahead.
Read also in sahih [Muslim](http://sunnah.com/muslim/18/61) and sahih [al-Bukahri](http://sunnah.com/bukhari/67/78).
If you are not engaged than you should tell this person (who seems to be very jealous) that if he really wants to marry you he should ask for your hand. All what you describe seems to show that your fiancé is jealous, which isn't considered as a bad thing in Islam as long as it doesn't go too far in that case one should remind him of the verse quoted by servant-of-wiser!
Any way an engagement can be dissolved and you can do it anytime if you found somebody who is better and more suitable especially if it is somebody who is [pious](http://sunnah.com/tirmidhi/11/5). And note that love is a heart matter... and the feeling of the heart can easily change as it's stated in the [hadith](http://sunnah.com/ibnmajah/34/8).
References (so far in Arabic, some with urdu translation):
Is it allowed for an engaged woman to [accept the proposal of a 2nd man](https://islamqa.info/ar/144120)?
She wants to [dissolve the engagement](https://islamqa.info/ar/131363) to get engaged with somebody else
He [wants to marry her](https://islamqa.info/ar/115904) if she dissolves the engagement with her fiancé. |
6,204,406 | Lets say I have created a number of threads (~100) and I have put most of them to sleep while a few of them are working on purely CPU bound problems. What is the effect on performance versus JUST creating the handful of threads that are doing work and no threads that are sleeping? Does the existence of many threads, regardless of whether they are sleeping, degrade performance significantly because of all the context switching, OR are the sleeping threads largely ignored and the CPU divided mostly between the active threads?
I'm not looking for an answer like "50% performance degradation", I'm simply trying to understand in more detail how sleeping threads effect the cpu available to other threads. | 2011/06/01 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/6204406",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/356790/"
] | Based on the .net tags, I'm going to presume you're dealing with threads on Windows.
At least in the case of the normal Windows scheduler, sleeping threads will normally affect performance extremely minimally.
The threads will consume some resources -- for example, each thread you create gets its own stack, a thread information block, etc. There's some memory and CPU time consumed when you create the thread. That memory may be paged out if you're low, and that'll take a bit more time (CPU time, memory and I/O bandwidth, etc.)
However, once the thread is sleeping, it won't normally consume CPU time on an ongoing basis.
At the same time, this sounds like a pretty lousy design. Instead of creating a lot of threads that spend most of their time sleeping, you generally want a fairly small thread pool, and just submit tasks to be carried out by those threads. This saves the time to create the threads, reduces memory usage, cleans up the design, and makes it easier to take advantage of varying processor resources (e.g., increasing the thread pool size if you have more processors). | My suggestion would be to scale back the number of threads and have a few do the work for you. It sounds like you are using threads like class instances instead of like workers. Every time you create a thread, you take up some resources. Granted, this is not a lot in today's era of fast CPUs and lots of RAM, but it is still an issue.
Here is a decent article on Thread Pooling that answers your question as well:
<http://www.theukwebdesigncompany.com/articles/iocp-thread-pooling.php>
I would suggest that you either go with less threads or you take advantage of the new threading features of .NET 4.0 that really revolutionize threading in applications.
<http://www.albahari.com/threading/#_Introduction> |
6,204,406 | Lets say I have created a number of threads (~100) and I have put most of them to sleep while a few of them are working on purely CPU bound problems. What is the effect on performance versus JUST creating the handful of threads that are doing work and no threads that are sleeping? Does the existence of many threads, regardless of whether they are sleeping, degrade performance significantly because of all the context switching, OR are the sleeping threads largely ignored and the CPU divided mostly between the active threads?
I'm not looking for an answer like "50% performance degradation", I'm simply trying to understand in more detail how sleeping threads effect the cpu available to other threads. | 2011/06/01 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/6204406",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/356790/"
] | Threads in any state other than 'running' are not running. 'Ready' threads can run and are waiting for a processor to become available. Context-changes can only occur between a running thread and a ready thread.
Like Nathan says - there can be no context switching to/from sleeping threads.
That said, if you bloat out the OS system state with thousands of sleeping threads, then there may be some slight, measurable increase in scheduling/dispatching, so I would not like to say there is no effect whatsoever, just that there is no effect relevant to 99.999% of applications.
You could easily code up a test for this. Create 1000 sleep(INFINITE) threads in a loop and just leave them be. Use your box. Does Firefox seem any different when rendering web pages? Is uTorrent slower? Make a ridiculously large spreadsheet with Excel so that the recalculation time is measurable with a stopwatch. Is it slower with the extra 1000 threads sleeping?
How many threads loaded on your system now? My Task Manager/Performance says 1195. Most of these are not running because the CPU usage is 0-1%. My box is operating just fine.
Rgds,
Martin | My suggestion would be to scale back the number of threads and have a few do the work for you. It sounds like you are using threads like class instances instead of like workers. Every time you create a thread, you take up some resources. Granted, this is not a lot in today's era of fast CPUs and lots of RAM, but it is still an issue.
Here is a decent article on Thread Pooling that answers your question as well:
<http://www.theukwebdesigncompany.com/articles/iocp-thread-pooling.php>
I would suggest that you either go with less threads or you take advantage of the new threading features of .NET 4.0 that really revolutionize threading in applications.
<http://www.albahari.com/threading/#_Introduction> |
6,204,406 | Lets say I have created a number of threads (~100) and I have put most of them to sleep while a few of them are working on purely CPU bound problems. What is the effect on performance versus JUST creating the handful of threads that are doing work and no threads that are sleeping? Does the existence of many threads, regardless of whether they are sleeping, degrade performance significantly because of all the context switching, OR are the sleeping threads largely ignored and the CPU divided mostly between the active threads?
I'm not looking for an answer like "50% performance degradation", I'm simply trying to understand in more detail how sleeping threads effect the cpu available to other threads. | 2011/06/01 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/6204406",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/356790/"
] | Based on the .net tags, I'm going to presume you're dealing with threads on Windows.
At least in the case of the normal Windows scheduler, sleeping threads will normally affect performance extremely minimally.
The threads will consume some resources -- for example, each thread you create gets its own stack, a thread information block, etc. There's some memory and CPU time consumed when you create the thread. That memory may be paged out if you're low, and that'll take a bit more time (CPU time, memory and I/O bandwidth, etc.)
However, once the thread is sleeping, it won't normally consume CPU time on an ongoing basis.
At the same time, this sounds like a pretty lousy design. Instead of creating a lot of threads that spend most of their time sleeping, you generally want a fairly small thread pool, and just submit tasks to be carried out by those threads. This saves the time to create the threads, reduces memory usage, cleans up the design, and makes it easier to take advantage of varying processor resources (e.g., increasing the thread pool size if you have more processors). | Threads in any state other than 'running' are not running. 'Ready' threads can run and are waiting for a processor to become available. Context-changes can only occur between a running thread and a ready thread.
Like Nathan says - there can be no context switching to/from sleeping threads.
That said, if you bloat out the OS system state with thousands of sleeping threads, then there may be some slight, measurable increase in scheduling/dispatching, so I would not like to say there is no effect whatsoever, just that there is no effect relevant to 99.999% of applications.
You could easily code up a test for this. Create 1000 sleep(INFINITE) threads in a loop and just leave them be. Use your box. Does Firefox seem any different when rendering web pages? Is uTorrent slower? Make a ridiculously large spreadsheet with Excel so that the recalculation time is measurable with a stopwatch. Is it slower with the extra 1000 threads sleeping?
How many threads loaded on your system now? My Task Manager/Performance says 1195. Most of these are not running because the CPU usage is 0-1%. My box is operating just fine.
Rgds,
Martin |
544,029 | I have been tasked to add a copy of an existing website to the setup. (To be used as a test environment)
The existing setup consists of :
a.mysite.com
b.mysite.com
c.mysite.com
I've been trying to add d.mysite.com but with no luck ..
Setup:
Debian 5.0
What I've done so far;
copied the config file in /etc/apache2/sites-available of c.mysite.com
Renamed name of file, ServerAdmin, ServerName, ServerAlias, DocumentRoot and the Directory to point to the new website's location.
ServerAdmin me@work.com
ServerName d.mysite.com
ServerAlias d.mysite.com
DocumentRoot /var/www/mysite\_d/
php\_value error\_reporting 6135
Options FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride All
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
AllowOverride All
Order allow,deny
allow from all
Ran the command a2ensite succesfully
Checked and verified that a sym link is present in /etc/apache2/sites-enabled
It links to the config file of d.mysite.com in /etc/apache2/sites-available
Reloaded and restarted Apache2
Result:
The new website is not accessible, Chrome gives the typical 'Oops! Google Chrome can not find d.mysite.com'
Additional info:
The other websites are working fine, for example c.mysite.com is accessible.
I really think I'm missing something very basic here.
Thanks in advance ! | 2013/10/05 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/544029",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/192796/"
] | Sounds like you need to create a DNS record for d.mysite.com. | The answer is simple.
I had to add an A record to the DNS management section on the admin panel of our domain name provider.
I was searching in the wrong place. |
2,570 | I was watching the Disney movie *[Planes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planes_%28film%29)* with my younger brother, and one of the characters/planes perform a emergency landing on an aircraft carrier.
And that got me thinking...
In case of **emergency**, is it possible (**doable**) to land a **small propeller-driven aircraft**, like a [Cessna 350 Corvalis](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cessna_350) on a military **aircraft carrier**? | 2014/03/22 | [
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/2570",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/users/1700/"
] | A South Vietnamese Air Force Cessna O-1 landed on the USS *Midway* at the end of the Vietnam War. Fixed-wing VNAF aircraft usually flew to Thailand, and the naval evacuation was carried out by helicopter (with crews sometimes ditching in the water after the flight decks ran out of room), but this O-1 pilot wound up making his first carrier landing, with his family on board and an hour of fuel left.
[Wikipedia wrote a paragraph about it and has another couple photos.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Frequent_Wind#Chaos_at_sea)
 | A light aircraft (e.g. C172) has a landing roll of around 500 feet. There are no 50 foot obstacles to consider so the 1500 foot to a 50 foot obstacle isn't required. Thats from 60 knots to a full stop. Going from 60 knots to 30 knots (30 knots is the wind over the deck) means it will be less than half that.
So the problem is not one of the aircraft, most light aircraft with similar performance are perfectly capable of doing it without a landing hook or anything like that. The problem is the pilot, with no training or practice this will be very hard to do because the deck is moving in the swell, and its also moving sideways due to the angled deck. A bad crash is the most likely outcome.
An ex navy pilot with recent experience. Now thats a different story, even without arrestor hook etc etc they would find it easy compared to landing their big heavy jet on the deck.
The Corvalis is a hot ship in light aircraft terms with a much longer ground roll, so this would be tight. Again with skill (ex navy pilot etc etc) and wind over the deck (you can get going on 30 knots from the ship even if the wind is calm) I think it could still be done. |
2,570 | I was watching the Disney movie *[Planes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planes_%28film%29)* with my younger brother, and one of the characters/planes perform a emergency landing on an aircraft carrier.
And that got me thinking...
In case of **emergency**, is it possible (**doable**) to land a **small propeller-driven aircraft**, like a [Cessna 350 Corvalis](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cessna_350) on a military **aircraft carrier**? | 2014/03/22 | [
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/2570",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/users/1700/"
] | The published landing distance for the Cessna is the certified distance - that's what it needs in a worst-case, no-flaps, high, hot, zero-wind landing. Any pilot will tell you that they rarely need the whole runway.
Consider the big picture of the aircraft carrier. The ocean is HUGE (ask the people searching for Malaysia 370) and rather featureless. Private planes rarely cross large paths of open ocean as it's often the longest route to where they are going rather than the shortest. So the chances of a carrier battle group being anywhere near you are extremely small. If your plane is flying well enough to find the CBG, come in behind and line up for a landing then you probably don't need it in the first place.
In theory, light aircraft would have no technical problems landing on the deck. Lots of room with a 30-50kt headwind, no need for a tailhook or nets as you don't weigh 30,000 pounds or come in at 200kt IAS on full afterburner. The chances of a non-navy-trained pilot hitting the touchdown zone of a runway moving away from them at 30kt and pitching up and down several meters is laughably small. You would either miss and have to go around (again, if you can do that, you don't need the carrier in the first place) or make a mess on the fantail. Even navy pilots do this on occasion, but they have ejection seats. | An aircraft with a grappling hook could do it such as a Cessna which is capable of towing a banner. It wouldn't end well, but he could survive for sure. A Cessna 172 needs about 1,500 feet of runway for landing... depending on fuel load of course. Typical carrier landing zone is only about 1,000 feet. The grappling hook used to load a banner could reduce the inertia enough that the plane would not explode if it caught a landing wire, but I would not recommend it... it'd rip the plane apart. 'Traps' are practiced on land before on sea. It would be very difficult for a Cessna to capture the 'meatball' for an inexperienced pilot on an angle deck. Your runway is constantly drifting right.
The VS0 of a Cessna 172 (Down and dirty) is 54Mph, an Aircraft Carrier can easily do 46Mph if turned into the wind. A reduction of 8Mph within 1,000 feet is not impossible... so yes, it's possible. |
2,570 | I was watching the Disney movie *[Planes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planes_%28film%29)* with my younger brother, and one of the characters/planes perform a emergency landing on an aircraft carrier.
And that got me thinking...
In case of **emergency**, is it possible (**doable**) to land a **small propeller-driven aircraft**, like a [Cessna 350 Corvalis](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cessna_350) on a military **aircraft carrier**? | 2014/03/22 | [
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/2570",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/users/1700/"
] | As Lnafziger says, a conventional landing is impossible for anything more than a tiny aircraft STOL aircraft (Carrier 'runway' length: 200m). As you state however, if it was an emergency, the aircraft carrier has a **special net which it can fold up to stop planes**, and since it can stop an F18 Hornet, it could probably take your Cessna as well :)
 | I suppose if it were an emergency (Not like torn radio aerial, more like fuel
leaking/low in the middle of the ocean) you could save yourself by ditching
the plane, parachuting onto the aircraft carrier. You'd be arrested by armed
navy men, but as long as you don't try to fight back, you'll be taken to
wherever they're going in the brig - alive. (And not drowned, marooned, or eaten
by sharks) This of course would be after you beg over the radio to land.
If they say yes, you can save your plane, maybe buy some of their fuel, and
take off for wherever you're going (or be arrested with your plane, get taken
to wherever they're going, and pay for a hangar there while you figure things out.
Not sure what navy protocol on this is. |
2,570 | I was watching the Disney movie *[Planes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planes_%28film%29)* with my younger brother, and one of the characters/planes perform a emergency landing on an aircraft carrier.
And that got me thinking...
In case of **emergency**, is it possible (**doable**) to land a **small propeller-driven aircraft**, like a [Cessna 350 Corvalis](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cessna_350) on a military **aircraft carrier**? | 2014/03/22 | [
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/2570",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/users/1700/"
] | The published landing distance for the Cessna is the certified distance - that's what it needs in a worst-case, no-flaps, high, hot, zero-wind landing. Any pilot will tell you that they rarely need the whole runway.
Consider the big picture of the aircraft carrier. The ocean is HUGE (ask the people searching for Malaysia 370) and rather featureless. Private planes rarely cross large paths of open ocean as it's often the longest route to where they are going rather than the shortest. So the chances of a carrier battle group being anywhere near you are extremely small. If your plane is flying well enough to find the CBG, come in behind and line up for a landing then you probably don't need it in the first place.
In theory, light aircraft would have no technical problems landing on the deck. Lots of room with a 30-50kt headwind, no need for a tailhook or nets as you don't weigh 30,000 pounds or come in at 200kt IAS on full afterburner. The chances of a non-navy-trained pilot hitting the touchdown zone of a runway moving away from them at 30kt and pitching up and down several meters is laughably small. You would either miss and have to go around (again, if you can do that, you don't need the carrier in the first place) or make a mess on the fantail. Even navy pilots do this on occasion, but they have ejection seats. | According to [this page](http://www.topspeed.com/aviation/aviation-reviews/cessna/2010-2003-cessna-350-corvalis-ar83638.html), the landing distance of the Cessna 350 is 2,350 feet.
A [Nimitz](http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nimitz-class_aircraft_carrier) class carrier deck is close to 1,000 feet long, and can travel about 30 knots. If they were going full speed into a headwind, it **might** be possible for them to stop in time, but it would be pretty scary, and if they ran off the end they would be run over by the carrier!
Note however that the airplane would pretty much have to be directly above it when it happened, and I doubt that the military would like a civilian aircraft being that close in the first place so it's very unlikely to ever even be an option unless it was setup in advance.
A different airplane like a [Super Cub](http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piper_PA-18) or as you pointed out a [C-130](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-130_Hercules), which can land in about 300 feet could do it pretty easily, even without the wind as long as they don't get caught up in the arresting gear. |
2,570 | I was watching the Disney movie *[Planes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planes_%28film%29)* with my younger brother, and one of the characters/planes perform a emergency landing on an aircraft carrier.
And that got me thinking...
In case of **emergency**, is it possible (**doable**) to land a **small propeller-driven aircraft**, like a [Cessna 350 Corvalis](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cessna_350) on a military **aircraft carrier**? | 2014/03/22 | [
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/2570",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/users/1700/"
] | According to [this page](http://www.topspeed.com/aviation/aviation-reviews/cessna/2010-2003-cessna-350-corvalis-ar83638.html), the landing distance of the Cessna 350 is 2,350 feet.
A [Nimitz](http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nimitz-class_aircraft_carrier) class carrier deck is close to 1,000 feet long, and can travel about 30 knots. If they were going full speed into a headwind, it **might** be possible for them to stop in time, but it would be pretty scary, and if they ran off the end they would be run over by the carrier!
Note however that the airplane would pretty much have to be directly above it when it happened, and I doubt that the military would like a civilian aircraft being that close in the first place so it's very unlikely to ever even be an option unless it was setup in advance.
A different airplane like a [Super Cub](http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piper_PA-18) or as you pointed out a [C-130](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-130_Hercules), which can land in about 300 feet could do it pretty easily, even without the wind as long as they don't get caught up in the arresting gear. | An aircraft with a grappling hook could do it such as a Cessna which is capable of towing a banner. It wouldn't end well, but he could survive for sure. A Cessna 172 needs about 1,500 feet of runway for landing... depending on fuel load of course. Typical carrier landing zone is only about 1,000 feet. The grappling hook used to load a banner could reduce the inertia enough that the plane would not explode if it caught a landing wire, but I would not recommend it... it'd rip the plane apart. 'Traps' are practiced on land before on sea. It would be very difficult for a Cessna to capture the 'meatball' for an inexperienced pilot on an angle deck. Your runway is constantly drifting right.
The VS0 of a Cessna 172 (Down and dirty) is 54Mph, an Aircraft Carrier can easily do 46Mph if turned into the wind. A reduction of 8Mph within 1,000 feet is not impossible... so yes, it's possible. |
2,570 | I was watching the Disney movie *[Planes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planes_%28film%29)* with my younger brother, and one of the characters/planes perform a emergency landing on an aircraft carrier.
And that got me thinking...
In case of **emergency**, is it possible (**doable**) to land a **small propeller-driven aircraft**, like a [Cessna 350 Corvalis](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cessna_350) on a military **aircraft carrier**? | 2014/03/22 | [
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/2570",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/users/1700/"
] | In theory, yes it is possible to do so. It all depends on the aircraft type, approach speeds, sea and weather conditions, etc.
During the end of the Vietnam War, a South Vietnamsee refugee landed an OV-1 Bird Dog on the deck of the USS Midway (CV-41). So, yes light airplanes have made unarrested landings on carriers in the past. If your in a light airplane with a stall speed around 30kts and very proficient on your short field landings, this should be no sweat, provided the ship can steam either at, or into the prevailing wind at 30 or so kts. If you're flying a dedicated bush airplane eg an Aviat Husky, Carbon Cub, etc designed for STOL operations, it may even be possible to stick a 3-wire (touch down and hold the main wheels in the third cross deck pendant full stop) under these conditions.
Larger, heavier aircraft have faster approach speeds and need considerably more runway to stop on. The CE-350 Corvalis mentioned above is going to require around 1500-2000 ft to land depending on ambient atmospheric conditions at sea level and calm winds, provided you can fly a short field right by the book. Even with a 30kt headwind, you're looking at an 1100 ft or so of ground roll, making an unarrested landing on a carrier impractical.
If there was no other option available to you, the deck hands could rig the barricade - a device which looks something like a tennis court net on steroids. Granted this device was designed to stop aircraft 10-20 times the weight of a Corvalis at nearly twice the approach speed and I don't know if the arresting gear attached to it have settings available for smaller lighter aircraft. If it doesn't, it could cause serious structural damage to your airplane, possibly making things worse. Maybe that's better than ditching alongside the ship, maybe not.
Another factor would be the sea itself. Carriers are not fixed airfields and in rough seas, the deck lists, pitches, and rolls considerably - think of a 100,000 ton cork bobbing in the ocean - making approaches quite dangerous for neophyte pilots. Rough swellscouldbreak the gear off or do other structural damage during a round out, or cause the pilot to strike the round out, etc. but if there was no other alternative, it's a risk you would have to take. | An aircraft with a grappling hook could do it such as a Cessna which is capable of towing a banner. It wouldn't end well, but he could survive for sure. A Cessna 172 needs about 1,500 feet of runway for landing... depending on fuel load of course. Typical carrier landing zone is only about 1,000 feet. The grappling hook used to load a banner could reduce the inertia enough that the plane would not explode if it caught a landing wire, but I would not recommend it... it'd rip the plane apart. 'Traps' are practiced on land before on sea. It would be very difficult for a Cessna to capture the 'meatball' for an inexperienced pilot on an angle deck. Your runway is constantly drifting right.
The VS0 of a Cessna 172 (Down and dirty) is 54Mph, an Aircraft Carrier can easily do 46Mph if turned into the wind. A reduction of 8Mph within 1,000 feet is not impossible... so yes, it's possible. |
2,570 | I was watching the Disney movie *[Planes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planes_%28film%29)* with my younger brother, and one of the characters/planes perform a emergency landing on an aircraft carrier.
And that got me thinking...
In case of **emergency**, is it possible (**doable**) to land a **small propeller-driven aircraft**, like a [Cessna 350 Corvalis](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cessna_350) on a military **aircraft carrier**? | 2014/03/22 | [
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/2570",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/users/1700/"
] | As Lnafziger says, a conventional landing is impossible for anything more than a tiny aircraft STOL aircraft (Carrier 'runway' length: 200m). As you state however, if it was an emergency, the aircraft carrier has a **special net which it can fold up to stop planes**, and since it can stop an F18 Hornet, it could probably take your Cessna as well :)
 | In theory, yes it is possible to do so. It all depends on the aircraft type, approach speeds, sea and weather conditions, etc.
During the end of the Vietnam War, a South Vietnamsee refugee landed an OV-1 Bird Dog on the deck of the USS Midway (CV-41). So, yes light airplanes have made unarrested landings on carriers in the past. If your in a light airplane with a stall speed around 30kts and very proficient on your short field landings, this should be no sweat, provided the ship can steam either at, or into the prevailing wind at 30 or so kts. If you're flying a dedicated bush airplane eg an Aviat Husky, Carbon Cub, etc designed for STOL operations, it may even be possible to stick a 3-wire (touch down and hold the main wheels in the third cross deck pendant full stop) under these conditions.
Larger, heavier aircraft have faster approach speeds and need considerably more runway to stop on. The CE-350 Corvalis mentioned above is going to require around 1500-2000 ft to land depending on ambient atmospheric conditions at sea level and calm winds, provided you can fly a short field right by the book. Even with a 30kt headwind, you're looking at an 1100 ft or so of ground roll, making an unarrested landing on a carrier impractical.
If there was no other option available to you, the deck hands could rig the barricade - a device which looks something like a tennis court net on steroids. Granted this device was designed to stop aircraft 10-20 times the weight of a Corvalis at nearly twice the approach speed and I don't know if the arresting gear attached to it have settings available for smaller lighter aircraft. If it doesn't, it could cause serious structural damage to your airplane, possibly making things worse. Maybe that's better than ditching alongside the ship, maybe not.
Another factor would be the sea itself. Carriers are not fixed airfields and in rough seas, the deck lists, pitches, and rolls considerably - think of a 100,000 ton cork bobbing in the ocean - making approaches quite dangerous for neophyte pilots. Rough swellscouldbreak the gear off or do other structural damage during a round out, or cause the pilot to strike the round out, etc. but if there was no other alternative, it's a risk you would have to take. |
2,570 | I was watching the Disney movie *[Planes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planes_%28film%29)* with my younger brother, and one of the characters/planes perform a emergency landing on an aircraft carrier.
And that got me thinking...
In case of **emergency**, is it possible (**doable**) to land a **small propeller-driven aircraft**, like a [Cessna 350 Corvalis](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cessna_350) on a military **aircraft carrier**? | 2014/03/22 | [
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/2570",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/users/1700/"
] | A light aircraft (e.g. C172) has a landing roll of around 500 feet. There are no 50 foot obstacles to consider so the 1500 foot to a 50 foot obstacle isn't required. Thats from 60 knots to a full stop. Going from 60 knots to 30 knots (30 knots is the wind over the deck) means it will be less than half that.
So the problem is not one of the aircraft, most light aircraft with similar performance are perfectly capable of doing it without a landing hook or anything like that. The problem is the pilot, with no training or practice this will be very hard to do because the deck is moving in the swell, and its also moving sideways due to the angled deck. A bad crash is the most likely outcome.
An ex navy pilot with recent experience. Now thats a different story, even without arrestor hook etc etc they would find it easy compared to landing their big heavy jet on the deck.
The Corvalis is a hot ship in light aircraft terms with a much longer ground roll, so this would be tight. Again with skill (ex navy pilot etc etc) and wind over the deck (you can get going on 30 knots from the ship even if the wind is calm) I think it could still be done. | An aircraft with a grappling hook could do it such as a Cessna which is capable of towing a banner. It wouldn't end well, but he could survive for sure. A Cessna 172 needs about 1,500 feet of runway for landing... depending on fuel load of course. Typical carrier landing zone is only about 1,000 feet. The grappling hook used to load a banner could reduce the inertia enough that the plane would not explode if it caught a landing wire, but I would not recommend it... it'd rip the plane apart. 'Traps' are practiced on land before on sea. It would be very difficult for a Cessna to capture the 'meatball' for an inexperienced pilot on an angle deck. Your runway is constantly drifting right.
The VS0 of a Cessna 172 (Down and dirty) is 54Mph, an Aircraft Carrier can easily do 46Mph if turned into the wind. A reduction of 8Mph within 1,000 feet is not impossible... so yes, it's possible. |
2,570 | I was watching the Disney movie *[Planes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planes_%28film%29)* with my younger brother, and one of the characters/planes perform a emergency landing on an aircraft carrier.
And that got me thinking...
In case of **emergency**, is it possible (**doable**) to land a **small propeller-driven aircraft**, like a [Cessna 350 Corvalis](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cessna_350) on a military **aircraft carrier**? | 2014/03/22 | [
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/2570",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/users/1700/"
] | A South Vietnamese Air Force Cessna O-1 landed on the USS *Midway* at the end of the Vietnam War. Fixed-wing VNAF aircraft usually flew to Thailand, and the naval evacuation was carried out by helicopter (with crews sometimes ditching in the water after the flight decks ran out of room), but this O-1 pilot wound up making his first carrier landing, with his family on board and an hour of fuel left.
[Wikipedia wrote a paragraph about it and has another couple photos.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Frequent_Wind#Chaos_at_sea)
 | In theory, yes it is possible to do so. It all depends on the aircraft type, approach speeds, sea and weather conditions, etc.
During the end of the Vietnam War, a South Vietnamsee refugee landed an OV-1 Bird Dog on the deck of the USS Midway (CV-41). So, yes light airplanes have made unarrested landings on carriers in the past. If your in a light airplane with a stall speed around 30kts and very proficient on your short field landings, this should be no sweat, provided the ship can steam either at, or into the prevailing wind at 30 or so kts. If you're flying a dedicated bush airplane eg an Aviat Husky, Carbon Cub, etc designed for STOL operations, it may even be possible to stick a 3-wire (touch down and hold the main wheels in the third cross deck pendant full stop) under these conditions.
Larger, heavier aircraft have faster approach speeds and need considerably more runway to stop on. The CE-350 Corvalis mentioned above is going to require around 1500-2000 ft to land depending on ambient atmospheric conditions at sea level and calm winds, provided you can fly a short field right by the book. Even with a 30kt headwind, you're looking at an 1100 ft or so of ground roll, making an unarrested landing on a carrier impractical.
If there was no other option available to you, the deck hands could rig the barricade - a device which looks something like a tennis court net on steroids. Granted this device was designed to stop aircraft 10-20 times the weight of a Corvalis at nearly twice the approach speed and I don't know if the arresting gear attached to it have settings available for smaller lighter aircraft. If it doesn't, it could cause serious structural damage to your airplane, possibly making things worse. Maybe that's better than ditching alongside the ship, maybe not.
Another factor would be the sea itself. Carriers are not fixed airfields and in rough seas, the deck lists, pitches, and rolls considerably - think of a 100,000 ton cork bobbing in the ocean - making approaches quite dangerous for neophyte pilots. Rough swellscouldbreak the gear off or do other structural damage during a round out, or cause the pilot to strike the round out, etc. but if there was no other alternative, it's a risk you would have to take. |
2,570 | I was watching the Disney movie *[Planes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planes_%28film%29)* with my younger brother, and one of the characters/planes perform a emergency landing on an aircraft carrier.
And that got me thinking...
In case of **emergency**, is it possible (**doable**) to land a **small propeller-driven aircraft**, like a [Cessna 350 Corvalis](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cessna_350) on a military **aircraft carrier**? | 2014/03/22 | [
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/2570",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/users/1700/"
] | As Lnafziger says, a conventional landing is impossible for anything more than a tiny aircraft STOL aircraft (Carrier 'runway' length: 200m). As you state however, if it was an emergency, the aircraft carrier has a **special net which it can fold up to stop planes**, and since it can stop an F18 Hornet, it could probably take your Cessna as well :)
 | In a 20 knot headwind and with the ship making 30 knots a Cessna 172 could hover over the deck of a carrier, choosing a "comfy" spot to try to set her down. Remember a ship is moving up and down, twisting side to side, yawing, pitching, and more. The heavier the seas the more movement you have. With a slight headwind a pilot could land a 172 on a carrier deck that was still in port. C130 only needed 270 feet while the ship was underway, so a C172 wouldn't need more.
STOL aircraft could fly backwards from the bow to the Stern. Having flown in 45 knot winds at really slow speeds, it appeared to people on the ground that I was flying my aircraft backwards as my ground speed reached negative numbers. STOL aircraft land in really short distances - some as little as 27 feet. |
156,411 | I am applying to some PhD programs this year. If I just ask my advisors to choose the school for me, they might think I am lazy and have done no research. However if I do that on my own, I am afraid that maybe the advisors think I am arrogant for aiming for schools out of my reach. The problem is I don't know how strong my profile is and I think that my advisors should be better informed than I am. What should I do? | 2020/10/09 | [
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/156411",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/users/120337/"
] | Fortunately, this isn't an either-or proposition! I agree with your assessment that you shouldn't come to your advisors empty-handed and ask for some schools to apply to. However, it would be perfectly reasonable for you come to them with a couple schools you like - probably spread out by competitiveness and such - and maybe some guidelines for what you want to focus on and where you would be willing to move to.
Ask their opinions on the schools you picked, and ask them if they have some others they would recommend, based on what they know about you. | As @Jeff says, you should follow *both* of the paths you suggest: develop your own ideas, and then talk to your advisor. (And don't be offended if their perception of your potential versus those programs is not the same as yours. They still may be wrong...)
An important aspect both for you yourself to think about and for discussion with your advisor, is what your *ambitions/goals* are, and how much *risk* you are willing to accept, and also *stress*. That is, there is a genuine and large issue about what your measure of "best" is. It is important also to realize this.
Added: I forgot to mention the practical point that you should contemplate whether you'd prefer (for example) being one of the weaker students at a top place, or one of the strongest students at a less-than-the-absolute-top place. This can have a psychological effect on you while in the program, and can affect your prospects afterward: the second-best student of a famous person in a given year will take a back seat to the best student of that famous person in many (not all) job application situations. (No, this is not sensible, but, in my observation, things tend to work this way mostly. It is harder to justify a job offer that might be accepted, but to the *second\_best*, than to make an offer, that will almost surely be declined, to "the best". The huge point is that the way hiring works (in the U.S., in math at least, at R1's...) is that "the second best" *in\_a\_given\_field* will never get a chance, because hiring ops rotate through subfields...
But, I think, the hiring game outside of R1's is less nutty... but/and that is a fact that should play a role in your career planning. |
532 | *I can easily set a story in a dystopian environment not subject to ethics, but I would rather try to create a backdrop that is as ethical as possible given the requirements. I feel that writing about possible deviations from an ethical starting point will give more interesting insight into human interactions than just starting off with no ethics. With this in mind, I would like to know how I can set up a generation ship that has a good chance of continuing in its search, whilst taking as ethical an approach as practically possible.*
---
The first generation born on a generation ship will be living among people who were born on Earth and made their own decision to leave Earth forever. However, the new generation did not get to make this choice. Resenting this they may choose to force the ship to turn back, either by mutiny or a few decades later when they form the majority.
Assuming a ship that does not have the power to simply reverse its direction at any arbitrary point (since the speeds achievable by slingshot give such a large ship too much momentum for its own propulsion systems to be able to match), what can be done to ethically prevent the ship being turned around by slingshot at the next available star?
A few ideas come to mind and I'm not sure if they would be more or less ethical, or whether they would make continuing more or less likely.
* Keeping (very long time delayed) communication channels open to Earth for as long as possible.
* Imposing a false history so that the first few generations believe there have been hundreds before them, and Earth is not even theoretically reachable.
* A false history where Earth is uninhabitable and only generation ships survived.
Are false histories effective or more of a risk if they get discovered?
Are false histories ethical if in the long term a species' survival depends on spreading out among the stars? To increase the probability of species survival, ships need to be sent out while Earth is still healthy and inhabitable. How can this be justified ethically?
---
I'm interested in the ethical implications of these particular points, and their effects on the probability of success. I'm also interested in hearing what points I have overlooked that affect ethical considerations and risk of return, including ideas about method of government, education and its potential overlap with indoctrination, and access by the general population to knowledge and sensor readings.
---
**In response to the point raised on [meta](http://meta.worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/225/can-we-ask-about-how-ethics-affect-a-human-built-world) that ethics can be subjective and vary between cultures, I am looking for answers backed up by studies of ethics that are as near as possible to objective. Not what would one particular cultural history suggest, but what would a present day international effort to send our species to the stars be likely to settle on as ethical requirements.** | 2014/09/25 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/532",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/109/"
] | My view of a generation ship is that the mission would most likely be set up to allow no possibility of return before arriving at the destination, and that everyone involved at the start of the mission would be informed that they were making this decision for themselves and their descendants. Children and possibly also pregnant women would not be permitted to embark as the children could claim that they should have been given their own choice. Once on board and under way, reproduction could be allowed to resume as per the mission plan.
So, we have a ship that cannot return short of its destination and a legal agreement binding the original crew and all their descendants to working toward reaching the destination.
As to how a disagreement as to continuing to the destination would be settled, the simple fact that *return is not an option* would go some way to settling it. Who would want to condemn *their* descendants to dying in a ship that has run out of resources well short of *any* destination?
I would anticipate that a generation ship would be a huge thing, with the most advanced technology available, as well as research facilities to improve on that technology before arrival at the destination, giving the crew lots of productive things to do. And, should any children be curious about Earth, it is entirely possible with the technological level necessary to build a generation ship that the ship would contain an extensive library relating to Earth, including VR simulations of Earth.
I would also anticipate that reproduction would be planned to manage population growth, and that children would be educated from birth to look on the ultimate destination as being a better choice for their descendants than returning to an already overcrowded and polluted Earth. The crew of a generation ship would likely have a greater sense of community than occurs in our own society, and would have been educated that to return to Earth would place an undue strain on Earth's resources and would represent a waste of the resources that the people of Earth had expended to make the mission possible. Since overusing or wasting resources on a generation ship would logically be anathematized, this should be a powerful argument. | This is not much different of how our society works. In our lives we deal with the results of decisions made before we are born. How we deal with that ?
Democracy.
If the majority of the crew, at any time in history, decides to turn back, they have the right to. Just as we can decide to halt and revert a decision made years back by other people or by ourselves in our own planet.
Anything different than that will make people become "objects", dispossessed things that are less valuable than "the mission". When inanimate things (ideas, or objects) are granted a value bigger than humans, and ideals or inanimate objects becomes the reason of our lives, when things are full of life and humans are devoid of it, we have a situation we call "fetiché" or reification. History becomes the history of space ships, target planets, neo-colonisation, love for the "country" or for the "government", abstract ideals, the history of inanimate things, not the history of people and their desires, their want of fullfillment. Human happiness takes a second place. People believe that what is being asked from them, their lives, their happinnes and their well being, is of no importance. Life becomes dull, dry. Living is not good anymore, because you are now alienated from what you are doing. You cannot reconnect to your work, your studies etc. You ask yourself : "Why i am doing such and such ?" - And find no true answer. So theres a split between the reason for what you are doing and your own aspirations. People raise "beneficence of mankind" as the reason, but, if you are in the space, and the only mankind you know is the ones that are in the same spaceship as you, what is the best for that mankind ? The value of the general good becomes abstracted away, its not the real mankind good's anymore, its the good for an abstract, distant, mankind that you never related to, that you dont know, etc.
The first generation is voluntary to colonize other planets, and by jumping onboard and making sacrifices for the sake of the mission, they do so because they want. Not only that, they identify theirselves with their mission. When you ask why they are doing that, they answer with a smile in their faces and a increased heartbeat : "Because i want to see other planets !" or something of such value. Because they are not alienated from what they are doing. Next generations might embrace or not the mission. They might very well want to end it all and return home. And there is no solution to this. When theres no ethics to show us the path, the only true value is liberty. Being majority, they should be able to supplant the powers that control the ship, if not peacefully, by force. Because liberty is the only true value of life. Liberty is where all other values are rooted. And anything that goes against that is opression, cruelty and lack of mercy. |
532 | *I can easily set a story in a dystopian environment not subject to ethics, but I would rather try to create a backdrop that is as ethical as possible given the requirements. I feel that writing about possible deviations from an ethical starting point will give more interesting insight into human interactions than just starting off with no ethics. With this in mind, I would like to know how I can set up a generation ship that has a good chance of continuing in its search, whilst taking as ethical an approach as practically possible.*
---
The first generation born on a generation ship will be living among people who were born on Earth and made their own decision to leave Earth forever. However, the new generation did not get to make this choice. Resenting this they may choose to force the ship to turn back, either by mutiny or a few decades later when they form the majority.
Assuming a ship that does not have the power to simply reverse its direction at any arbitrary point (since the speeds achievable by slingshot give such a large ship too much momentum for its own propulsion systems to be able to match), what can be done to ethically prevent the ship being turned around by slingshot at the next available star?
A few ideas come to mind and I'm not sure if they would be more or less ethical, or whether they would make continuing more or less likely.
* Keeping (very long time delayed) communication channels open to Earth for as long as possible.
* Imposing a false history so that the first few generations believe there have been hundreds before them, and Earth is not even theoretically reachable.
* A false history where Earth is uninhabitable and only generation ships survived.
Are false histories effective or more of a risk if they get discovered?
Are false histories ethical if in the long term a species' survival depends on spreading out among the stars? To increase the probability of species survival, ships need to be sent out while Earth is still healthy and inhabitable. How can this be justified ethically?
---
I'm interested in the ethical implications of these particular points, and their effects on the probability of success. I'm also interested in hearing what points I have overlooked that affect ethical considerations and risk of return, including ideas about method of government, education and its potential overlap with indoctrination, and access by the general population to knowledge and sensor readings.
---
**In response to the point raised on [meta](http://meta.worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/225/can-we-ask-about-how-ethics-affect-a-human-built-world) that ethics can be subjective and vary between cultures, I am looking for answers backed up by studies of ethics that are as near as possible to objective. Not what would one particular cultural history suggest, but what would a present day international effort to send our species to the stars be likely to settle on as ethical requirements.** | 2014/09/25 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/532",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/109/"
] | This is not much different of how our society works. In our lives we deal with the results of decisions made before we are born. How we deal with that ?
Democracy.
If the majority of the crew, at any time in history, decides to turn back, they have the right to. Just as we can decide to halt and revert a decision made years back by other people or by ourselves in our own planet.
Anything different than that will make people become "objects", dispossessed things that are less valuable than "the mission". When inanimate things (ideas, or objects) are granted a value bigger than humans, and ideals or inanimate objects becomes the reason of our lives, when things are full of life and humans are devoid of it, we have a situation we call "fetiché" or reification. History becomes the history of space ships, target planets, neo-colonisation, love for the "country" or for the "government", abstract ideals, the history of inanimate things, not the history of people and their desires, their want of fullfillment. Human happiness takes a second place. People believe that what is being asked from them, their lives, their happinnes and their well being, is of no importance. Life becomes dull, dry. Living is not good anymore, because you are now alienated from what you are doing. You cannot reconnect to your work, your studies etc. You ask yourself : "Why i am doing such and such ?" - And find no true answer. So theres a split between the reason for what you are doing and your own aspirations. People raise "beneficence of mankind" as the reason, but, if you are in the space, and the only mankind you know is the ones that are in the same spaceship as you, what is the best for that mankind ? The value of the general good becomes abstracted away, its not the real mankind good's anymore, its the good for an abstract, distant, mankind that you never related to, that you dont know, etc.
The first generation is voluntary to colonize other planets, and by jumping onboard and making sacrifices for the sake of the mission, they do so because they want. Not only that, they identify theirselves with their mission. When you ask why they are doing that, they answer with a smile in their faces and a increased heartbeat : "Because i want to see other planets !" or something of such value. Because they are not alienated from what they are doing. Next generations might embrace or not the mission. They might very well want to end it all and return home. And there is no solution to this. When theres no ethics to show us the path, the only true value is liberty. Being majority, they should be able to supplant the powers that control the ship, if not peacefully, by force. Because liberty is the only true value of life. Liberty is where all other values are rooted. And anything that goes against that is opression, cruelty and lack of mercy. | Simply make the ship traverse a large starless region enroute. By the time they reach a star to slingshot back they're already most of the way there and don't have the resources for a full trip to Earth without reaching their destination anyway.
This way ethics play no part in the problem, it's a purely practical one beyond anyones control |
532 | *I can easily set a story in a dystopian environment not subject to ethics, but I would rather try to create a backdrop that is as ethical as possible given the requirements. I feel that writing about possible deviations from an ethical starting point will give more interesting insight into human interactions than just starting off with no ethics. With this in mind, I would like to know how I can set up a generation ship that has a good chance of continuing in its search, whilst taking as ethical an approach as practically possible.*
---
The first generation born on a generation ship will be living among people who were born on Earth and made their own decision to leave Earth forever. However, the new generation did not get to make this choice. Resenting this they may choose to force the ship to turn back, either by mutiny or a few decades later when they form the majority.
Assuming a ship that does not have the power to simply reverse its direction at any arbitrary point (since the speeds achievable by slingshot give such a large ship too much momentum for its own propulsion systems to be able to match), what can be done to ethically prevent the ship being turned around by slingshot at the next available star?
A few ideas come to mind and I'm not sure if they would be more or less ethical, or whether they would make continuing more or less likely.
* Keeping (very long time delayed) communication channels open to Earth for as long as possible.
* Imposing a false history so that the first few generations believe there have been hundreds before them, and Earth is not even theoretically reachable.
* A false history where Earth is uninhabitable and only generation ships survived.
Are false histories effective or more of a risk if they get discovered?
Are false histories ethical if in the long term a species' survival depends on spreading out among the stars? To increase the probability of species survival, ships need to be sent out while Earth is still healthy and inhabitable. How can this be justified ethically?
---
I'm interested in the ethical implications of these particular points, and their effects on the probability of success. I'm also interested in hearing what points I have overlooked that affect ethical considerations and risk of return, including ideas about method of government, education and its potential overlap with indoctrination, and access by the general population to knowledge and sensor readings.
---
**In response to the point raised on [meta](http://meta.worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/225/can-we-ask-about-how-ethics-affect-a-human-built-world) that ethics can be subjective and vary between cultures, I am looking for answers backed up by studies of ethics that are as near as possible to objective. Not what would one particular cultural history suggest, but what would a present day international effort to send our species to the stars be likely to settle on as ethical requirements.** | 2014/09/25 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/532",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/109/"
] | That new generation is not going to grow up in a vacuum. They are going to be raised by the first generation and likely work along side that first generation. In fact by the time the first generation have all died off there could be 5 or more generations on the ship. All of these will have worked with and had their expectations and goals shaped by their time with the first generation.
False histories are more problematic because as the first generation ages some are likely to start forgetting the lie or decide to expose the lie. It is just not a good option to try in the first place. Unless you can some how grow a whole generation to start the ship with out any help of the original generation there is no effective way for this to work.
That said there are other stories that are based on this premise. The most successful one I can think of is the [2008 movie WALL-E](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WALL-E). The movie was nominally about a robot that was assigned to clean up a wasteland that was left behind on earth, but the subtext was much the same as you propose. When humans find out they are lied to they tend to want to find out the truth. | Propelling the "quitters" backwards with any force at all will propel the remaining colonist forward even faster. Resulting in a less massive vessel that takes less fuel/energy to maintain. Forces used could be a magnetic cannon etc.
How could future generations call it "Home" anyway? |
532 | *I can easily set a story in a dystopian environment not subject to ethics, but I would rather try to create a backdrop that is as ethical as possible given the requirements. I feel that writing about possible deviations from an ethical starting point will give more interesting insight into human interactions than just starting off with no ethics. With this in mind, I would like to know how I can set up a generation ship that has a good chance of continuing in its search, whilst taking as ethical an approach as practically possible.*
---
The first generation born on a generation ship will be living among people who were born on Earth and made their own decision to leave Earth forever. However, the new generation did not get to make this choice. Resenting this they may choose to force the ship to turn back, either by mutiny or a few decades later when they form the majority.
Assuming a ship that does not have the power to simply reverse its direction at any arbitrary point (since the speeds achievable by slingshot give such a large ship too much momentum for its own propulsion systems to be able to match), what can be done to ethically prevent the ship being turned around by slingshot at the next available star?
A few ideas come to mind and I'm not sure if they would be more or less ethical, or whether they would make continuing more or less likely.
* Keeping (very long time delayed) communication channels open to Earth for as long as possible.
* Imposing a false history so that the first few generations believe there have been hundreds before them, and Earth is not even theoretically reachable.
* A false history where Earth is uninhabitable and only generation ships survived.
Are false histories effective or more of a risk if they get discovered?
Are false histories ethical if in the long term a species' survival depends on spreading out among the stars? To increase the probability of species survival, ships need to be sent out while Earth is still healthy and inhabitable. How can this be justified ethically?
---
I'm interested in the ethical implications of these particular points, and their effects on the probability of success. I'm also interested in hearing what points I have overlooked that affect ethical considerations and risk of return, including ideas about method of government, education and its potential overlap with indoctrination, and access by the general population to knowledge and sensor readings.
---
**In response to the point raised on [meta](http://meta.worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/225/can-we-ask-about-how-ethics-affect-a-human-built-world) that ethics can be subjective and vary between cultures, I am looking for answers backed up by studies of ethics that are as near as possible to objective. Not what would one particular cultural history suggest, but what would a present day international effort to send our species to the stars be likely to settle on as ethical requirements.** | 2014/09/25 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/532",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/109/"
] | First, I think it unlikely a realistic generation ship would have enough propellant to return without actually going to the destination and refuelling. You want to spend as little of the mass and volume of the spaceship on propellant as you can get away with because every bit of propellant you have is something you have to spend propellant to accelerate. So the ship would have propellant to reach destination on the planned trajectory and some added margin of safety for corrections en route. This might not be enough to even stop the ship without using orbital mechanics at the destination to assist. Stopping before reaching destination, turning around and then stopping at the solar system should be quite impossible.
There really is no reason to include the propellant needed for a return. The return option would be to reach the destination as planned, and if found uninhabitable, refuel, and return. There might be several alternate destinations that could be reached, but even this is unlikely as the whole point of generation ships is that the distances between stars are large compared to the speed of the ship. Thus the costs of changing destination after starting should be impractically high.
Another question is: Why would anyone want to return to Earth? Maybe the ship computers would contain lots of cool images and videos of the planet, but none of the inhabitants after the first generation would have any personal experience of any of it. No emotional attachment. The ship would be their one and only HOME with capital letters and its inhabitants would be their people. They'd probably be curious about Earth and maybe even dream about visiting it, but there is no reason it would be particularly important to them.
A generation ship would be fairly stable environment by design. There would be no factor driving people to go somewhere else. Unless the design is flawed, in which case the mission will fail regardless of whether people try to turn the ship back.
This could be fairly simple to reinforce in mission planning if you want to be certain nobody gets stupid ideas. You could build an entire religion of the decision of the first generation to take a huge **one-way** step into the unknown. It should be fairly simple to make the the commitment to the mission a central part of the cultural identity. After all, they really did make a huge commitment. And as mentioned it really would be hard to turn back or do anything except go right where the ship was sent to go.
And even going to the destination and then turning back would probably take considerable time and essentially require colonizing the star system you were sent to colonize so you can collect the resources needed. At that point there should be some people willing to stay and establish a self-sustaining colony rather than turn back. Just as planned.
And even if the ship then travelled back to earth... So what? Generation ships are built to last, the ship could then be sent to colonize another system. If some of its people decide to emigrate to Earth, they shouldn't be hard to replace. And most would prefer to stay on the home they and their parents grew up on rather than go live among aliens with incomprehensible customs and **strange** environment. "Frozen water falling from above? Been here, seen this, going back home..." | Propelling the "quitters" backwards with any force at all will propel the remaining colonist forward even faster. Resulting in a less massive vessel that takes less fuel/energy to maintain. Forces used could be a magnetic cannon etc.
How could future generations call it "Home" anyway? |
532 | *I can easily set a story in a dystopian environment not subject to ethics, but I would rather try to create a backdrop that is as ethical as possible given the requirements. I feel that writing about possible deviations from an ethical starting point will give more interesting insight into human interactions than just starting off with no ethics. With this in mind, I would like to know how I can set up a generation ship that has a good chance of continuing in its search, whilst taking as ethical an approach as practically possible.*
---
The first generation born on a generation ship will be living among people who were born on Earth and made their own decision to leave Earth forever. However, the new generation did not get to make this choice. Resenting this they may choose to force the ship to turn back, either by mutiny or a few decades later when they form the majority.
Assuming a ship that does not have the power to simply reverse its direction at any arbitrary point (since the speeds achievable by slingshot give such a large ship too much momentum for its own propulsion systems to be able to match), what can be done to ethically prevent the ship being turned around by slingshot at the next available star?
A few ideas come to mind and I'm not sure if they would be more or less ethical, or whether they would make continuing more or less likely.
* Keeping (very long time delayed) communication channels open to Earth for as long as possible.
* Imposing a false history so that the first few generations believe there have been hundreds before them, and Earth is not even theoretically reachable.
* A false history where Earth is uninhabitable and only generation ships survived.
Are false histories effective or more of a risk if they get discovered?
Are false histories ethical if in the long term a species' survival depends on spreading out among the stars? To increase the probability of species survival, ships need to be sent out while Earth is still healthy and inhabitable. How can this be justified ethically?
---
I'm interested in the ethical implications of these particular points, and their effects on the probability of success. I'm also interested in hearing what points I have overlooked that affect ethical considerations and risk of return, including ideas about method of government, education and its potential overlap with indoctrination, and access by the general population to knowledge and sensor readings.
---
**In response to the point raised on [meta](http://meta.worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/225/can-we-ask-about-how-ethics-affect-a-human-built-world) that ethics can be subjective and vary between cultures, I am looking for answers backed up by studies of ethics that are as near as possible to objective. Not what would one particular cultural history suggest, but what would a present day international effort to send our species to the stars be likely to settle on as ethical requirements.** | 2014/09/25 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/532",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/109/"
] | On the practical side, I think that the best solution for such an issue is the same we apply here on Earth: Education.
Spaniards speak Spanish and like tortilla because that is what they were raised into. Ultraorthodox Jews are that way because that is how they were taught from the cradle. Do you think Japanese people are ultra-polite due to some genetic trait? No, they are because that is how they were educated since birth.
Of course every society has problems with its young adults. But in the same way current societies keep going on due to those young adults growing into adults and changing mind to less subversive and more pragmatic mindsets, that could happen in a generation ship. The young generation is not an issue on itself and there will be no clash with older generation risking the mission. Instead, if you have a fairly normal age pyramid and a good educative system, the conflicting set of individuals will always be a minority against the pragmatic adults, being these the original adults or the hundredth generation.
There is no living USAmerican who voted for their Constitution (or even who was alive when it was approved). Does that make them ignore it as just a decision of their grandparents? No, they are instead proud of it. How? Just by being educated immersively in the thought that it is the supreme truth.
So, if the generation ship crew raise their children with a fairly normal educative system and fairly normal family ties, including into that their own appreciation for the mission (whichever it is), there will be no problems.
...and it is the most ethical approach. | First, I think it unlikely a realistic generation ship would have enough propellant to return without actually going to the destination and refuelling. You want to spend as little of the mass and volume of the spaceship on propellant as you can get away with because every bit of propellant you have is something you have to spend propellant to accelerate. So the ship would have propellant to reach destination on the planned trajectory and some added margin of safety for corrections en route. This might not be enough to even stop the ship without using orbital mechanics at the destination to assist. Stopping before reaching destination, turning around and then stopping at the solar system should be quite impossible.
There really is no reason to include the propellant needed for a return. The return option would be to reach the destination as planned, and if found uninhabitable, refuel, and return. There might be several alternate destinations that could be reached, but even this is unlikely as the whole point of generation ships is that the distances between stars are large compared to the speed of the ship. Thus the costs of changing destination after starting should be impractically high.
Another question is: Why would anyone want to return to Earth? Maybe the ship computers would contain lots of cool images and videos of the planet, but none of the inhabitants after the first generation would have any personal experience of any of it. No emotional attachment. The ship would be their one and only HOME with capital letters and its inhabitants would be their people. They'd probably be curious about Earth and maybe even dream about visiting it, but there is no reason it would be particularly important to them.
A generation ship would be fairly stable environment by design. There would be no factor driving people to go somewhere else. Unless the design is flawed, in which case the mission will fail regardless of whether people try to turn the ship back.
This could be fairly simple to reinforce in mission planning if you want to be certain nobody gets stupid ideas. You could build an entire religion of the decision of the first generation to take a huge **one-way** step into the unknown. It should be fairly simple to make the the commitment to the mission a central part of the cultural identity. After all, they really did make a huge commitment. And as mentioned it really would be hard to turn back or do anything except go right where the ship was sent to go.
And even going to the destination and then turning back would probably take considerable time and essentially require colonizing the star system you were sent to colonize so you can collect the resources needed. At that point there should be some people willing to stay and establish a self-sustaining colony rather than turn back. Just as planned.
And even if the ship then travelled back to earth... So what? Generation ships are built to last, the ship could then be sent to colonize another system. If some of its people decide to emigrate to Earth, they shouldn't be hard to replace. And most would prefer to stay on the home they and their parents grew up on rather than go live among aliens with incomprehensible customs and **strange** environment. "Frozen water falling from above? Been here, seen this, going back home..." |
532 | *I can easily set a story in a dystopian environment not subject to ethics, but I would rather try to create a backdrop that is as ethical as possible given the requirements. I feel that writing about possible deviations from an ethical starting point will give more interesting insight into human interactions than just starting off with no ethics. With this in mind, I would like to know how I can set up a generation ship that has a good chance of continuing in its search, whilst taking as ethical an approach as practically possible.*
---
The first generation born on a generation ship will be living among people who were born on Earth and made their own decision to leave Earth forever. However, the new generation did not get to make this choice. Resenting this they may choose to force the ship to turn back, either by mutiny or a few decades later when they form the majority.
Assuming a ship that does not have the power to simply reverse its direction at any arbitrary point (since the speeds achievable by slingshot give such a large ship too much momentum for its own propulsion systems to be able to match), what can be done to ethically prevent the ship being turned around by slingshot at the next available star?
A few ideas come to mind and I'm not sure if they would be more or less ethical, or whether they would make continuing more or less likely.
* Keeping (very long time delayed) communication channels open to Earth for as long as possible.
* Imposing a false history so that the first few generations believe there have been hundreds before them, and Earth is not even theoretically reachable.
* A false history where Earth is uninhabitable and only generation ships survived.
Are false histories effective or more of a risk if they get discovered?
Are false histories ethical if in the long term a species' survival depends on spreading out among the stars? To increase the probability of species survival, ships need to be sent out while Earth is still healthy and inhabitable. How can this be justified ethically?
---
I'm interested in the ethical implications of these particular points, and their effects on the probability of success. I'm also interested in hearing what points I have overlooked that affect ethical considerations and risk of return, including ideas about method of government, education and its potential overlap with indoctrination, and access by the general population to knowledge and sensor readings.
---
**In response to the point raised on [meta](http://meta.worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/225/can-we-ask-about-how-ethics-affect-a-human-built-world) that ethics can be subjective and vary between cultures, I am looking for answers backed up by studies of ethics that are as near as possible to objective. Not what would one particular cultural history suggest, but what would a present day international effort to send our species to the stars be likely to settle on as ethical requirements.** | 2014/09/25 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/532",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/109/"
] | On the practical side, I think that the best solution for such an issue is the same we apply here on Earth: Education.
Spaniards speak Spanish and like tortilla because that is what they were raised into. Ultraorthodox Jews are that way because that is how they were taught from the cradle. Do you think Japanese people are ultra-polite due to some genetic trait? No, they are because that is how they were educated since birth.
Of course every society has problems with its young adults. But in the same way current societies keep going on due to those young adults growing into adults and changing mind to less subversive and more pragmatic mindsets, that could happen in a generation ship. The young generation is not an issue on itself and there will be no clash with older generation risking the mission. Instead, if you have a fairly normal age pyramid and a good educative system, the conflicting set of individuals will always be a minority against the pragmatic adults, being these the original adults or the hundredth generation.
There is no living USAmerican who voted for their Constitution (or even who was alive when it was approved). Does that make them ignore it as just a decision of their grandparents? No, they are instead proud of it. How? Just by being educated immersively in the thought that it is the supreme truth.
So, if the generation ship crew raise their children with a fairly normal educative system and fairly normal family ties, including into that their own appreciation for the mission (whichever it is), there will be no problems.
...and it is the most ethical approach. | It is simple.
**Let them know that as soon as they can create a drive technology that can turn the ship around and reach the Earth (with the resources available on the ship), they will be happy to drop them off.**
The original crew can then use this new magical drive to head back out and get to their destination much faster, even with the side trip.
Oh, and everyone who wants to turn around and isn't working on some kind of super tech drive can spend the next year retaking basic physics. They seem to need it.
**Actually, I doubt this situation will come up.** For any new generation, the ship is home. It is what they know.
**Another reason this isn't likely to happen is:** It would be stupid to test the life support systems when there is no way to send help to solve problems and to test the inhabitants of the generation ship to see if they are psychologically suitable for the trip. The solution: have a few generations live in the ship while it is still in solar orbit. Work out all the kinks. Build a generation for whom living on a giant mobile space station is normal. Then leave. |
532 | *I can easily set a story in a dystopian environment not subject to ethics, but I would rather try to create a backdrop that is as ethical as possible given the requirements. I feel that writing about possible deviations from an ethical starting point will give more interesting insight into human interactions than just starting off with no ethics. With this in mind, I would like to know how I can set up a generation ship that has a good chance of continuing in its search, whilst taking as ethical an approach as practically possible.*
---
The first generation born on a generation ship will be living among people who were born on Earth and made their own decision to leave Earth forever. However, the new generation did not get to make this choice. Resenting this they may choose to force the ship to turn back, either by mutiny or a few decades later when they form the majority.
Assuming a ship that does not have the power to simply reverse its direction at any arbitrary point (since the speeds achievable by slingshot give such a large ship too much momentum for its own propulsion systems to be able to match), what can be done to ethically prevent the ship being turned around by slingshot at the next available star?
A few ideas come to mind and I'm not sure if they would be more or less ethical, or whether they would make continuing more or less likely.
* Keeping (very long time delayed) communication channels open to Earth for as long as possible.
* Imposing a false history so that the first few generations believe there have been hundreds before them, and Earth is not even theoretically reachable.
* A false history where Earth is uninhabitable and only generation ships survived.
Are false histories effective or more of a risk if they get discovered?
Are false histories ethical if in the long term a species' survival depends on spreading out among the stars? To increase the probability of species survival, ships need to be sent out while Earth is still healthy and inhabitable. How can this be justified ethically?
---
I'm interested in the ethical implications of these particular points, and their effects on the probability of success. I'm also interested in hearing what points I have overlooked that affect ethical considerations and risk of return, including ideas about method of government, education and its potential overlap with indoctrination, and access by the general population to knowledge and sensor readings.
---
**In response to the point raised on [meta](http://meta.worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/225/can-we-ask-about-how-ethics-affect-a-human-built-world) that ethics can be subjective and vary between cultures, I am looking for answers backed up by studies of ethics that are as near as possible to objective. Not what would one particular cultural history suggest, but what would a present day international effort to send our species to the stars be likely to settle on as ethical requirements.** | 2014/09/25 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/532",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/109/"
] | I think false histories are both unethical and unlikely to work. Generational ships are going to want to communicate with earth and it would be hard for everyone to stay true to the story. I also don't think that would be necessary.
These people on the ship left earth for a reason. Whether it was personal, or paid, a desire for adventure or a need based on population growth. The same reason would likely hold for any child were born. These children would be raised in an environment where everyone chose to go and would be raised to value the same choice. They would also have no experience of earth and everyone they know would be on the ship. Why would they return?
Finally, I don't think Earth would take kindly on anyone paying back the massive investment on the ship by just coming home. I am sure the ship would be run by a captain and turning back would not be an option. As long as this isn't a prison ship or forced relocation, everyone agreed to get on this ship and I think they and their descendants have to live with it.
Now for your particular points:
Keeping (very long time delayed) communication channels open to Earth for as long as possible. I think this would encourage people to carry on. It would remind them why they are going, keep them connected with earth, and remind them they are no alone. I think this would be both ethical and the most likely to keep people going.
Imposing a false history so that the first few generations believe there have been hundreds before them, and Earth is not even theoretically reachable. I think any form of lying would be ethically wrong and hard to carry on. How do you carry on a deception of this scale so that everyone sticks to their story. By the time the original crew all dies and their influence is lost, it probably is impossible to return to earth anyway.
A false history where Earth is uninhabitable and only generation ships survived. Not only does this have the same issue with lying as the second point, but this would cause long term harm. The ship would have no way to communicate with earth if something happened or they discovered an alien race. In the future, if the ship comes across any other ships or even future ships from earth they would be shocked, cut off and betrayed. I will believe in this case the truth is both ethically and practically the right choice. | One solution I don't think I've seen anyone else bring up is to not include the location of Earth in the ship's data. If there is nothing on board that would help locate Earth, then there's no target to redirect to. Don't even have to lie, just make it part of generation 1's agreement to not bring aboard anything that would help locate Earth.
You might also need an odd route so that a path can't be traced back simply, and the ship would have to avoid saving data about this early maneuvering. Not sure how plausible this sort of maneuver is. I'm also not sure how much info would need to be censored to prevent future researchers from figuring out Earth's location by looking at simple things like old movies and books, and searching for planets that might fit the description. Of course, the farther from Earth you go before someone starts trying to find it, the less likely it will be possible.
You could also send off a beacon of some sort ahead of the ship that would land on the destination planet in advance and which would contain any missing information about Earth, so that after the mission is successful, future generations could locate Earth for whatever purposes. |
532 | *I can easily set a story in a dystopian environment not subject to ethics, but I would rather try to create a backdrop that is as ethical as possible given the requirements. I feel that writing about possible deviations from an ethical starting point will give more interesting insight into human interactions than just starting off with no ethics. With this in mind, I would like to know how I can set up a generation ship that has a good chance of continuing in its search, whilst taking as ethical an approach as practically possible.*
---
The first generation born on a generation ship will be living among people who were born on Earth and made their own decision to leave Earth forever. However, the new generation did not get to make this choice. Resenting this they may choose to force the ship to turn back, either by mutiny or a few decades later when they form the majority.
Assuming a ship that does not have the power to simply reverse its direction at any arbitrary point (since the speeds achievable by slingshot give such a large ship too much momentum for its own propulsion systems to be able to match), what can be done to ethically prevent the ship being turned around by slingshot at the next available star?
A few ideas come to mind and I'm not sure if they would be more or less ethical, or whether they would make continuing more or less likely.
* Keeping (very long time delayed) communication channels open to Earth for as long as possible.
* Imposing a false history so that the first few generations believe there have been hundreds before them, and Earth is not even theoretically reachable.
* A false history where Earth is uninhabitable and only generation ships survived.
Are false histories effective or more of a risk if they get discovered?
Are false histories ethical if in the long term a species' survival depends on spreading out among the stars? To increase the probability of species survival, ships need to be sent out while Earth is still healthy and inhabitable. How can this be justified ethically?
---
I'm interested in the ethical implications of these particular points, and their effects on the probability of success. I'm also interested in hearing what points I have overlooked that affect ethical considerations and risk of return, including ideas about method of government, education and its potential overlap with indoctrination, and access by the general population to knowledge and sensor readings.
---
**In response to the point raised on [meta](http://meta.worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/225/can-we-ask-about-how-ethics-affect-a-human-built-world) that ethics can be subjective and vary between cultures, I am looking for answers backed up by studies of ethics that are as near as possible to objective. Not what would one particular cultural history suggest, but what would a present day international effort to send our species to the stars be likely to settle on as ethical requirements.** | 2014/09/25 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/532",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/109/"
] | I think false histories are both unethical and unlikely to work. Generational ships are going to want to communicate with earth and it would be hard for everyone to stay true to the story. I also don't think that would be necessary.
These people on the ship left earth for a reason. Whether it was personal, or paid, a desire for adventure or a need based on population growth. The same reason would likely hold for any child were born. These children would be raised in an environment where everyone chose to go and would be raised to value the same choice. They would also have no experience of earth and everyone they know would be on the ship. Why would they return?
Finally, I don't think Earth would take kindly on anyone paying back the massive investment on the ship by just coming home. I am sure the ship would be run by a captain and turning back would not be an option. As long as this isn't a prison ship or forced relocation, everyone agreed to get on this ship and I think they and their descendants have to live with it.
Now for your particular points:
Keeping (very long time delayed) communication channels open to Earth for as long as possible. I think this would encourage people to carry on. It would remind them why they are going, keep them connected with earth, and remind them they are no alone. I think this would be both ethical and the most likely to keep people going.
Imposing a false history so that the first few generations believe there have been hundreds before them, and Earth is not even theoretically reachable. I think any form of lying would be ethically wrong and hard to carry on. How do you carry on a deception of this scale so that everyone sticks to their story. By the time the original crew all dies and their influence is lost, it probably is impossible to return to earth anyway.
A false history where Earth is uninhabitable and only generation ships survived. Not only does this have the same issue with lying as the second point, but this would cause long term harm. The ship would have no way to communicate with earth if something happened or they discovered an alien race. In the future, if the ship comes across any other ships or even future ships from earth they would be shocked, cut off and betrayed. I will believe in this case the truth is both ethically and practically the right choice. | Simply make the ship traverse a large starless region enroute. By the time they reach a star to slingshot back they're already most of the way there and don't have the resources for a full trip to Earth without reaching their destination anyway.
This way ethics play no part in the problem, it's a purely practical one beyond anyones control |
532 | *I can easily set a story in a dystopian environment not subject to ethics, but I would rather try to create a backdrop that is as ethical as possible given the requirements. I feel that writing about possible deviations from an ethical starting point will give more interesting insight into human interactions than just starting off with no ethics. With this in mind, I would like to know how I can set up a generation ship that has a good chance of continuing in its search, whilst taking as ethical an approach as practically possible.*
---
The first generation born on a generation ship will be living among people who were born on Earth and made their own decision to leave Earth forever. However, the new generation did not get to make this choice. Resenting this they may choose to force the ship to turn back, either by mutiny or a few decades later when they form the majority.
Assuming a ship that does not have the power to simply reverse its direction at any arbitrary point (since the speeds achievable by slingshot give such a large ship too much momentum for its own propulsion systems to be able to match), what can be done to ethically prevent the ship being turned around by slingshot at the next available star?
A few ideas come to mind and I'm not sure if they would be more or less ethical, or whether they would make continuing more or less likely.
* Keeping (very long time delayed) communication channels open to Earth for as long as possible.
* Imposing a false history so that the first few generations believe there have been hundreds before them, and Earth is not even theoretically reachable.
* A false history where Earth is uninhabitable and only generation ships survived.
Are false histories effective or more of a risk if they get discovered?
Are false histories ethical if in the long term a species' survival depends on spreading out among the stars? To increase the probability of species survival, ships need to be sent out while Earth is still healthy and inhabitable. How can this be justified ethically?
---
I'm interested in the ethical implications of these particular points, and their effects on the probability of success. I'm also interested in hearing what points I have overlooked that affect ethical considerations and risk of return, including ideas about method of government, education and its potential overlap with indoctrination, and access by the general population to knowledge and sensor readings.
---
**In response to the point raised on [meta](http://meta.worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/225/can-we-ask-about-how-ethics-affect-a-human-built-world) that ethics can be subjective and vary between cultures, I am looking for answers backed up by studies of ethics that are as near as possible to objective. Not what would one particular cultural history suggest, but what would a present day international effort to send our species to the stars be likely to settle on as ethical requirements.** | 2014/09/25 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/532",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/109/"
] | One solution I don't think I've seen anyone else bring up is to not include the location of Earth in the ship's data. If there is nothing on board that would help locate Earth, then there's no target to redirect to. Don't even have to lie, just make it part of generation 1's agreement to not bring aboard anything that would help locate Earth.
You might also need an odd route so that a path can't be traced back simply, and the ship would have to avoid saving data about this early maneuvering. Not sure how plausible this sort of maneuver is. I'm also not sure how much info would need to be censored to prevent future researchers from figuring out Earth's location by looking at simple things like old movies and books, and searching for planets that might fit the description. Of course, the farther from Earth you go before someone starts trying to find it, the less likely it will be possible.
You could also send off a beacon of some sort ahead of the ship that would land on the destination planet in advance and which would contain any missing information about Earth, so that after the mission is successful, future generations could locate Earth for whatever purposes. | Simply make the ship traverse a large starless region enroute. By the time they reach a star to slingshot back they're already most of the way there and don't have the resources for a full trip to Earth without reaching their destination anyway.
This way ethics play no part in the problem, it's a purely practical one beyond anyones control |
532 | *I can easily set a story in a dystopian environment not subject to ethics, but I would rather try to create a backdrop that is as ethical as possible given the requirements. I feel that writing about possible deviations from an ethical starting point will give more interesting insight into human interactions than just starting off with no ethics. With this in mind, I would like to know how I can set up a generation ship that has a good chance of continuing in its search, whilst taking as ethical an approach as practically possible.*
---
The first generation born on a generation ship will be living among people who were born on Earth and made their own decision to leave Earth forever. However, the new generation did not get to make this choice. Resenting this they may choose to force the ship to turn back, either by mutiny or a few decades later when they form the majority.
Assuming a ship that does not have the power to simply reverse its direction at any arbitrary point (since the speeds achievable by slingshot give such a large ship too much momentum for its own propulsion systems to be able to match), what can be done to ethically prevent the ship being turned around by slingshot at the next available star?
A few ideas come to mind and I'm not sure if they would be more or less ethical, or whether they would make continuing more or less likely.
* Keeping (very long time delayed) communication channels open to Earth for as long as possible.
* Imposing a false history so that the first few generations believe there have been hundreds before them, and Earth is not even theoretically reachable.
* A false history where Earth is uninhabitable and only generation ships survived.
Are false histories effective or more of a risk if they get discovered?
Are false histories ethical if in the long term a species' survival depends on spreading out among the stars? To increase the probability of species survival, ships need to be sent out while Earth is still healthy and inhabitable. How can this be justified ethically?
---
I'm interested in the ethical implications of these particular points, and their effects on the probability of success. I'm also interested in hearing what points I have overlooked that affect ethical considerations and risk of return, including ideas about method of government, education and its potential overlap with indoctrination, and access by the general population to knowledge and sensor readings.
---
**In response to the point raised on [meta](http://meta.worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/225/can-we-ask-about-how-ethics-affect-a-human-built-world) that ethics can be subjective and vary between cultures, I am looking for answers backed up by studies of ethics that are as near as possible to objective. Not what would one particular cultural history suggest, but what would a present day international effort to send our species to the stars be likely to settle on as ethical requirements.** | 2014/09/25 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/532",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/109/"
] | First, I think it unlikely a realistic generation ship would have enough propellant to return without actually going to the destination and refuelling. You want to spend as little of the mass and volume of the spaceship on propellant as you can get away with because every bit of propellant you have is something you have to spend propellant to accelerate. So the ship would have propellant to reach destination on the planned trajectory and some added margin of safety for corrections en route. This might not be enough to even stop the ship without using orbital mechanics at the destination to assist. Stopping before reaching destination, turning around and then stopping at the solar system should be quite impossible.
There really is no reason to include the propellant needed for a return. The return option would be to reach the destination as planned, and if found uninhabitable, refuel, and return. There might be several alternate destinations that could be reached, but even this is unlikely as the whole point of generation ships is that the distances between stars are large compared to the speed of the ship. Thus the costs of changing destination after starting should be impractically high.
Another question is: Why would anyone want to return to Earth? Maybe the ship computers would contain lots of cool images and videos of the planet, but none of the inhabitants after the first generation would have any personal experience of any of it. No emotional attachment. The ship would be their one and only HOME with capital letters and its inhabitants would be their people. They'd probably be curious about Earth and maybe even dream about visiting it, but there is no reason it would be particularly important to them.
A generation ship would be fairly stable environment by design. There would be no factor driving people to go somewhere else. Unless the design is flawed, in which case the mission will fail regardless of whether people try to turn the ship back.
This could be fairly simple to reinforce in mission planning if you want to be certain nobody gets stupid ideas. You could build an entire religion of the decision of the first generation to take a huge **one-way** step into the unknown. It should be fairly simple to make the the commitment to the mission a central part of the cultural identity. After all, they really did make a huge commitment. And as mentioned it really would be hard to turn back or do anything except go right where the ship was sent to go.
And even going to the destination and then turning back would probably take considerable time and essentially require colonizing the star system you were sent to colonize so you can collect the resources needed. At that point there should be some people willing to stay and establish a self-sustaining colony rather than turn back. Just as planned.
And even if the ship then travelled back to earth... So what? Generation ships are built to last, the ship could then be sent to colonize another system. If some of its people decide to emigrate to Earth, they shouldn't be hard to replace. And most would prefer to stay on the home they and their parents grew up on rather than go live among aliens with incomprehensible customs and **strange** environment. "Frozen water falling from above? Been here, seen this, going back home..." | I think false histories are both unethical and unlikely to work. Generational ships are going to want to communicate with earth and it would be hard for everyone to stay true to the story. I also don't think that would be necessary.
These people on the ship left earth for a reason. Whether it was personal, or paid, a desire for adventure or a need based on population growth. The same reason would likely hold for any child were born. These children would be raised in an environment where everyone chose to go and would be raised to value the same choice. They would also have no experience of earth and everyone they know would be on the ship. Why would they return?
Finally, I don't think Earth would take kindly on anyone paying back the massive investment on the ship by just coming home. I am sure the ship would be run by a captain and turning back would not be an option. As long as this isn't a prison ship or forced relocation, everyone agreed to get on this ship and I think they and their descendants have to live with it.
Now for your particular points:
Keeping (very long time delayed) communication channels open to Earth for as long as possible. I think this would encourage people to carry on. It would remind them why they are going, keep them connected with earth, and remind them they are no alone. I think this would be both ethical and the most likely to keep people going.
Imposing a false history so that the first few generations believe there have been hundreds before them, and Earth is not even theoretically reachable. I think any form of lying would be ethically wrong and hard to carry on. How do you carry on a deception of this scale so that everyone sticks to their story. By the time the original crew all dies and their influence is lost, it probably is impossible to return to earth anyway.
A false history where Earth is uninhabitable and only generation ships survived. Not only does this have the same issue with lying as the second point, but this would cause long term harm. The ship would have no way to communicate with earth if something happened or they discovered an alien race. In the future, if the ship comes across any other ships or even future ships from earth they would be shocked, cut off and betrayed. I will believe in this case the truth is both ethically and practically the right choice. |
10,833 | I've been Googling this for a while:
I was on 2.8 when this bug occurred, so first thing I did was finally upgrade to 3.1. It didn't fix anything.
Next thing I did was disable all the "Update Services". Didn't fix.
Then I tried disabling all plugins. Didn't fix.
Occasionally it WILL post/publish/update, but only part of the post, leading me to believe all the data is not being submitted (?).
Another interesting thing to note that has happened - around the same time this started happening, my admin password stopped working and I was unable to login. Email recovery wasn't working either. So I had to manually change my password using MySQL.
Any suggestions?
Another thing to note is that this "bug" appeared all of a sudden. I had not made any changes to WordPress in the interval since my last successful post, and when I started noticing the bug.
EDIT: OH MY GOD I FINALLY GOT THIS EMAIL FROM HOSTGATOR, THE WORST WEB HOSTING COMPANY EVER:
>
> This issue has been corrected. There
> was an iptables rule which had been
> previously added due to a domain
> getting attacked on the server which
> wasnt removed and was matching a part
> of the post you were making. I have
> removed the rule and the post is not
> functioning correctly
>
>
> | 2011/03/01 | [
"https://wordpress.stackexchange.com/questions/10833",
"https://wordpress.stackexchange.com",
"https://wordpress.stackexchange.com/users/2207/"
] | Initially this sounds like a hosting problem and not a WordPress issue. Where are you hosted? Shared? Dedicated? php version? mysql version?
Run through a typical wp hack protocol and check for base64 code in wp-config.php, any theme files and akismet plugin files... also any other php files. Database hacks are sometimes hard to find too but mostly located in the wp\_options table..
Read into the hack fixing at Dre's site: <http://blog.sucuri.net/2010/07/understanding-and-cleaning-the-pharma-hack-on-wordpress.html>
**TODOS:**
Turn off ALL plugins
Check in settings > writing in the "update services" section... for now just make sure only rpc.pingomatic one is in there remove the rest.
Check in settings > Discussion and for now uncheck "Attempt to notify any blogs linked to from the article"...
Try to post...
what happened?
--- hopefully one of those fixed it. I'd also try the above but try a fresh install of the twenty-ten theme and change your site to that theme after fresh install and try posting again.. could be something in your theme...
LMK | My first question would be how is the front end of the site responding? If it's running ok and you are only experiencing problems on the backend I'd be concerned with my database or something to do with the update or maybe your site has been compromised by hackers.
If the entire site is slowed down (front-end and back-end) I'd start looking hard at my hosting provider. I experienced a similar issue and it turns out the hosting provider had issues on their end. After much complaining we were able to get things fixed but as we grew we eventually moved to a VPS provider.
I hope this helps. |
52,726,313 | This is a wired error message on my HTML page. It is a WordPress page and I am getting this error for some particular pages. Most of the pages are working fine but in some of my pages following error message is coming. I have checked everything and found everything fine.
Any idea why this error is generating from jquery?
**"NetworkError: 403 Forbidden - <http://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/mfesecure-public/host/localhost/client.json>"client.json**
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/r8jTK.jpg) | 2018/10/09 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/52726313",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/6102853/"
] | The error is not related to jQuery.
Check if the file exists on the S3 bucket and has read permission to everyone or make it public. | In my site, request was from McAfee script
[enter image description here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/e0p9L.png) |
22,874 | I needed some information out of someone so I had to out drink him. After a few mugs of ale, my vision started to blur and the room started to wobble, but he still wasn't ready to talk so I had a few more mugs. Eventually he caved, but by that time I was pretty far gone. Now I'm seeing double and stumbling all over the room. I'd hate to try to fight in this condition. What can I do to sober up? Will I get better over time, or is meditation the only option? | 2011/05/22 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/22874",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/341/"
] | The only option beside meditating is drinking a [Wive's tears potion](http://witcher.wikia.com/wiki/Wives%27_Tears), you can create one using Rebis, Quebrith and Aether. If you don't have one you need to stumble to the nearest campfire.
You should always have a Wife's tears potion in your inventory, there are two story-related occasions where you have to get drunk and a few more optional ones. | If you don't have the Wife's Tears Potion handy, you can drink more, and pass out, which will result in waking up sober. Alternatively, if going to the nearest campfire will take forever 'cause Geralt's drunk, draw a sword, and you will find your movement speed will increase quite a bit. Also, sideways movement is faster than straight movement.
There are talents that mitigate the disadvantages of being drunk in combat, and there's a good chance you've taken at least some of them.
Lastly, I once was drunk and went afk for ~15 minutes and Geralt was sober when I returned, so possibly time alone can get rid of it... although it is possible he simply passed out and then woke up in the time I was gone or something. |
2,862,215 | I am looking for a usb based video capture card (to be used with cctv analog cameras) which comes with an api. An api of sorts would help as I am planning to do some analytics on the video stream.
Any ideas on such a device? | 2010/05/19 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2862215",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/72514/"
] | What platform? Pretty much any capture card would work with [DirectShow](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd407331%28v=VS.85%29.aspx) on Windows. On Linux, the usual API is [V4L](http://www.linuxtv.org/wiki/index.php/Main_Page) - the hardware compatibility list isn't as extensive on Linux, but most things do work with it. | The only capture boards I know of internal to a PC are PCI capture cards. A USB capture card would limit the data you could capture. For instance if you try to stream video to a USB drive you'll get error messages because USB is too slow. You're better off purchasing an encoder to do what you want. Retail for an analog encoder is as low as 300 dollars and it allows you to connect 4 analog cameras. |
102,693 | Some time ago I wrote a BlackBerry application. I find that I now want to release it under an open source license. I am strongly considering the GPL v3 license. All the code is mine; there are no third-party libraries (with the exception, of course, of the all the standard BlackBerry/Java libraries that I am "linked" to).
This is the first open source project that I will be maintaining or starting. I find myself a bit lost about how to handle contributions. It seems to be more-or-less standard to expect some kind of copyright assignment from contributors so that the project has a unified copyright. I could either assign all copyrights to the FSF or assign all copyrights to myself.
How should I handle this? The most important features of whatever implementation I use are:
* Protects me from being sued for any unintentional violations of the GPL in my own code
* Protects others' contributions from being misused by me if I become evil
* Encourage others' contributions to the project (or at least does not discourage such contributions)
For assigning all copyrights to myself, the most promising strategy for copyright assignment seems to be one based on Oracle's contributor agreement, located here: <http://openjdk.java.net/legal/oca.pdf>. However, I feel like expecting any contributors to sign a legal document, providing me with fairly personal information is asking for a lot, especially given that my project is very small.
Should I proceed with requiring contributors to sign a document similar to Oracle's agreement? Should I just accept contributions and cross my fingers that I won't have any trouble down the road? Is there another strategy that I should employ? | 2011/08/21 | [
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/102693",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/users/34938/"
] | The main reason for asking for copyright assignment is that it gives you the right to change the license on your code. This might be desirable if you later want to sell the same code under a proprietary license.
Trolltech did that with great success for many years, by releasing Qt under the GPL while selling the same code with a proprietary license to commercial developers who wanted to keep their source private.
However, sometimes companies ask for copyright assignment for nefarious purposes. The code that now drives Sourceforge was once GPL, but the main copyright owner, at the time VA Linux, asked all the contributors for copyright assignments without telling any of them that they were doing so so they could close the source completely and sell the code as a purely proprietary product. That's just plain wrong.
If you don't plan to ever sell your code under a separate proprietary license - known as "dual licensing" and you think you will be happy with the license you initially choose, there's not that much point in asking for copyright assignments. | I would not recommend GPLv3 if you wanted contributions back. If we take a pragmatic look at the license it discourages any commercial company from using your product. And commercial companies have the time and money to put into something that will help them in the long run. Whether this is a legitimate reason for companies to be discouraged doesn't mean there isn't a stigma with GPL . I don't see many (or any) Apache v2 lawyers floating around but i've seen my far share of GPL ones.
That being said, it is not unreasonable for you to have any contributors "sign" a page stating they release their contributions under the same license you are using. Many OSS projects do something similar. |
20,349,829 | I'm not sure what's the best Mercurial workflow for what I'm trying to accomplish, so I'm looking for any tips and ideas.
Main development happens on a master repo, and I have many customer specific repos that are nearly identical to the master, with few tweaks here and there specific to the needs of that customer.
My current workflow is to have a named branch in the master repo (name: *webapp*), then clone that repo for each customer. Each customer repo has a named branch (name: *customer#*), and then I periodically pull from master repo, merging the two branches (*webapp* and *customer#*) and tidying up conflicts.
Is this the best workflow for what I'm trying to do, or is there a better way to track an upstream repo with small tweaks added for every clone? | 2013/12/03 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/20349829",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/33841/"
] | This is the textbook case where feature branching (which is what you're effectively doing) is a bad choice. Rather, consider [branching by abstraction](http://www.slideshare.net/cb372/branching-strategies), which is *not* branching in DVCS sense, but rather branching in code. | Not "better"|"worse", but slightly different way may be using MQ (and single mainline without branches) and mq-patches for customer-specific changes instead of branches in different repos.
In extremal case it can be single repository with core in permanent changesets and set if MQ-queues (queue per customer) and pull|merge|resolve will be replaced with pull|apply path|resolve|save edited patch |
20,349,829 | I'm not sure what's the best Mercurial workflow for what I'm trying to accomplish, so I'm looking for any tips and ideas.
Main development happens on a master repo, and I have many customer specific repos that are nearly identical to the master, with few tweaks here and there specific to the needs of that customer.
My current workflow is to have a named branch in the master repo (name: *webapp*), then clone that repo for each customer. Each customer repo has a named branch (name: *customer#*), and then I periodically pull from master repo, merging the two branches (*webapp* and *customer#*) and tidying up conflicts.
Is this the best workflow for what I'm trying to do, or is there a better way to track an upstream repo with small tweaks added for every clone? | 2013/12/03 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/20349829",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/33841/"
] | This is the textbook case where feature branching (which is what you're effectively doing) is a bad choice. Rather, consider [branching by abstraction](http://www.slideshare.net/cb372/branching-strategies), which is *not* branching in DVCS sense, but rather branching in code. | As far as I can see, there is no simpler or easier ways than your current approach.
The real difficulty is *not* a problem of branching/workflow strategy, but a problem of your overall code structure: I mean you have potential conflicts between the main and the custom branches (or versions). This problem won't go away automatically by choosing a "better" branching/workflow strategy. Because it's essentially a problem of code, you have to tackle it at the *code* level, either by resolving the conflicts manually during the process of merging the main to the custom branch, or by insulating the various customizations from the main code so that any change in the latter won't affect the former. Either way obviously has its pros and cons. If mergings and conflicts happen very frequently, you would like to consider to adopt the second way; otherwise, your current approach is just fine IMO. |
76,424 | Is it "I cut my hair myself" or "I cut my hair by myself" or "I cut my hair"?
Which one of the three is grammatically correct? | 2015/12/20 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/76424",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/8080/"
] | Each one of those sentences has a different implication although they all could give the same meaning which is doing something alone.
The first one is used when you want to imply that you are the only one who cut his hair.
The second sentence implies you cut your hair without anyone helping you.
The last one is kind of ambiguous. You are just saying you did cut your hair. There could be someone that helped, cut it for you or did the same thing to himself. No implications. | Out of the three, the best option is:
>
> **I cut my hair by myself.**
>
>
>
It sounds the best. It gives the complete information. Additionally, take the following sentence,
>
> I cut my hair once every year.
>
>
>
Now, this means that the subject gets a haircut once in a year. But that doesn't mean he does it himself. He could get it cut by a hair stylist, or whoever it maybe. So the third option need not mean the same as the first two.
PS: I would advice you not to use the example I suggested. But I only used that to explain the context. The best way to use the example I suggested would be *'I get a haircut once every year'*. |
76,424 | Is it "I cut my hair myself" or "I cut my hair by myself" or "I cut my hair"?
Which one of the three is grammatically correct? | 2015/12/20 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/76424",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/8080/"
] | To make something shorter by cutting trans.without the help of anyone else.
All the sentences are correct grammatically, with a little difference in meaning. As the past of the verb cut is also cut, these sentences may be in the present or past simple. Let's think they are in the present simple.
You use the verb cut for hair to mean "make your hair shorter by cutting".
If you cut your hair, it may mean that you cut your hair with or without the help of another person; the sentence is ambiguous.
If you cut your hair yourself, it means the same thing as above, but there's an emphasis on your doing it.
If you cut your hair by yourself, it's quite clear that you cut your hair yourself without the help of anybody else. | Out of the three, the best option is:
>
> **I cut my hair by myself.**
>
>
>
It sounds the best. It gives the complete information. Additionally, take the following sentence,
>
> I cut my hair once every year.
>
>
>
Now, this means that the subject gets a haircut once in a year. But that doesn't mean he does it himself. He could get it cut by a hair stylist, or whoever it maybe. So the third option need not mean the same as the first two.
PS: I would advice you not to use the example I suggested. But I only used that to explain the context. The best way to use the example I suggested would be *'I get a haircut once every year'*. |
76,424 | Is it "I cut my hair myself" or "I cut my hair by myself" or "I cut my hair"?
Which one of the three is grammatically correct? | 2015/12/20 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/76424",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/8080/"
] | Each one of those sentences has a different implication although they all could give the same meaning which is doing something alone.
The first one is used when you want to imply that you are the only one who cut his hair.
The second sentence implies you cut your hair without anyone helping you.
The last one is kind of ambiguous. You are just saying you did cut your hair. There could be someone that helped, cut it for you or did the same thing to himself. No implications. | To make something shorter by cutting trans.without the help of anyone else.
All the sentences are correct grammatically, with a little difference in meaning. As the past of the verb cut is also cut, these sentences may be in the present or past simple. Let's think they are in the present simple.
You use the verb cut for hair to mean "make your hair shorter by cutting".
If you cut your hair, it may mean that you cut your hair with or without the help of another person; the sentence is ambiguous.
If you cut your hair yourself, it means the same thing as above, but there's an emphasis on your doing it.
If you cut your hair by yourself, it's quite clear that you cut your hair yourself without the help of anybody else. |
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