qid int64 1 74.7M | question stringlengths 12 33.8k | date stringlengths 10 10 | metadata list | response_j stringlengths 0 115k | response_k stringlengths 2 98.3k |
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76,595 | Can you make a TPM (or any piece of hardware) Completely tamper-proof?
The “regular” tamper resistant hardware has various physical attacks <http://www.milinda-perera.com/pdf/EKKLP12a.pdf>
I have been told that conducting-, air-tight-, pressurised- and gas containing metal boxes with sensor triggered explosives(or any other TPM killing function) could counter all known attacks. However I have not been able to find such proofs(article or experiment).
Edit - It might be named "Tamper respondant hardware", however I can only seem to find patterns for this search term. | 2014/12/21 | [
"https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/76595",
"https://security.stackexchange.com",
"https://security.stackexchange.com/users/63949/"
] | The only thing I can think of that might be considered tamper-proof is a memory cell (SD-RAM or alike) with a "reset when line break" lock (triggered by resistance change and line break) that is contained in a liquid like phosphor, which is contained in a liquid oxidizer (a.k.a. instant flash when opened with thermal reaction preventing "cold save" of the memory data). The point is why would you want something that is "tamper-proof"... better not store the data at all if you're that concerned with people tampering with your system. | I don't think you will discover that kind of thing via Google as you have moved into the realm of the security services.
Certainly, I'm sure that someone is using that kind of tamper evident hardware somewhere though it is pretty extreme!
Of course, being electronics, there are other potential risks that would not require physical tampering in order to get some information out - a lot can be discovered from remote scanning with various types of scan and that would not require physical tampering.
On the other hand, anyone with full access to your hardware and the need to get through extreme protection is likely to not care too much about being obvious and would probably, in any case, get what they wanted by asking you some "polite" questions (ref. recent CIA report on interrogation techniques). |
76,595 | Can you make a TPM (or any piece of hardware) Completely tamper-proof?
The “regular” tamper resistant hardware has various physical attacks <http://www.milinda-perera.com/pdf/EKKLP12a.pdf>
I have been told that conducting-, air-tight-, pressurised- and gas containing metal boxes with sensor triggered explosives(or any other TPM killing function) could counter all known attacks. However I have not been able to find such proofs(article or experiment).
Edit - It might be named "Tamper respondant hardware", however I can only seem to find patterns for this search term. | 2014/12/21 | [
"https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/76595",
"https://security.stackexchange.com",
"https://security.stackexchange.com/users/63949/"
] | The only thing I can think of that might be considered tamper-proof is a memory cell (SD-RAM or alike) with a "reset when line break" lock (triggered by resistance change and line break) that is contained in a liquid like phosphor, which is contained in a liquid oxidizer (a.k.a. instant flash when opened with thermal reaction preventing "cold save" of the memory data). The point is why would you want something that is "tamper-proof"... better not store the data at all if you're that concerned with people tampering with your system. | I don't think it is useful to think of absolutes here. Tamper proofing is something that is done in degrees. What is more useful is to think of the level of tampering that is possible, and the level of determination a user needs to show in order to reverse engineer your product. Is the tamper proofing supposed to stop against grade school kids, industrial spies, or nation states? The methods differ accordingly.
For instance, consider the simple blob. A gooey blob of plastic that sits atop ICs to help prevent identification and tampering. The blob will definitely keep an uniformed attacker, who is not very persistent at bay. He may even destroy a few ICs trying to deblob them. However, a reverse engineer supported by a company, or with sufficient spare time and expertise can remove it. Someone working for a nation state may have a custom tool for the job.
Likewise, an exploding box is certainly not going to be a popular home product, though it is supposedly tamper resistant. People manage to tamper with land mines you know? As others have said, this is an arms race.
People have even had good luck pulling ICs out of their packages and getting information that way. If your product has sensitive info in it, expect it to get x-rayed too, so add "lead box" to the parts list.
If you have infinite time and money, just make things as expensive as you can for the attacker. In that case, only the truly dedicated will try. There are no absolute guarantees.
**Except:**
One little asterisk to my opinion on this is that complexity in microelectronics is itself a hurdle to tempering with them on a finite level. As in, no, you will most likely not be able to physically tamper with the individual transistors of an Intel CPU (I mean with a physical implement, not be interacting with them electronically of course), nor will you be able to *trivially* reverse engineer them. There are equipment, and logistics hurdles, and the understanding of chips like that on a fine grain level is very complex. |
2,782 | Pregunta ejemplar: [¿Cuándo y cómo adquirió la palabra "follar" su acepción sexual?](https://spanish.stackexchange.com/q/23944/9385)
Sí, se pueden combinar las dos etiquetas --> vota a favor (+1)
No, de veras hay que mantener [historia](https://spanish.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/historia "show questions tagged 'historia'") aparte de [etimología](https://spanish.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/etimolog%c3%ada "show questions tagged 'etimología'") --> vota en contra (-1)
Ahora mismo hay:
* 45 [preguntas con ambas etiquetas](https://spanish.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/historia+etimolog%C3%ADa)
* 123 [preguntas con historia y no etimología](https://spanish.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/historia+-etimolog%C3%ADa)
* 383 [preguntas con etimología y no historia](https://spanish.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/etimolog%C3%ADa+-historia)
---
**Edit**: Parece que hay un claro consenso a no fusionar. ¡Bravo, equipo!
Lo que se puede hacer ahora es chequear las definiciones, y más adelante la etiquetación de las preguntas (walen: "es cierto que no se están usando bien").
Eché un ojo a las definiciones. Me molesta el sinónimo "etimologia" (sin acento) pero no encontré la manera de borrarlo.
Encontré mención de la evolución del idioma en la definición de "etimología", y también esta frase: "Origen de los términos y su desarrollo a lo largo de la historia". Pero yo no soy la persona indicada para proponer edits a estas definiciones.
Yo pienso que si alguien tiene una idea clara como editar las definiciones -- y sobre todo, ***simplificarlas***, que lo haga por favor, y que nos avisen aquí para que los interesados puedan chequear cómo quedaron.
Quise poner nuevos sinónimos de "historia": *historia del idioma, history of the language, evolución del idioma, evolution of the language*. Pero no pude porque no tengo reputación en esta categoría.... | 2018/01/24 | [
"https://spanish.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/2782",
"https://spanish.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://spanish.meta.stackexchange.com/users/9385/"
] | Voy a explicar mi voto negativo: la etiqueta [historia](https://spanish.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/historia "show questions tagged 'historia'") se suele usar en preguntas acerca de la evolución de una palabra. Ejemplo: *[¿Por qué no existe una palabra escrita «hoder» (en vez de la versión con «j-»)?](https://spanish.stackexchange.com/q/23922/12637)* Esta pregunta no va sobre el origen de la palabra, eso el que pregunta lo tiene muy claro, sino sobre su evolución, y por eso tal vez no debería estar etiquetada como [etimología](https://spanish.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/etimolog%c3%ada "show questions tagged 'etimología'"). Tal vez la palabra "historia" no sea la mejor para las preguntas sobre la evolución del lenguaje (o sí), pero eso es otra cuestión. Tienes otro ejemplo en *[Conversión de "carillón" a "carrillón"](https://spanish.stackexchange.com/q/23721/12637)*, que pregunta sobre un punto concreto de la evolución de una palabra y no sobre su origen. Está etiquetada como [historia](https://spanish.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/historia "show questions tagged 'historia'") y no como [etimología](https://spanish.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/etimolog%c3%ada "show questions tagged 'etimología'").
La pregunta que enlazas en tu ejemplo pregunta tanto el "cómo" del origen de la palabra (la parte de etimología) como el "cuándo" (la parte de historia).
Por otro lado, las preguntas sobre el origen de determinadas palabras o expresiones suelen estar etiquetadas como [etimología](https://spanish.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/etimolog%c3%ada "show questions tagged 'etimología'") pero no como [historia](https://spanish.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/historia "show questions tagged 'historia'").
En todo caso, agradezco tu pregunta y la oportunidad que nos has dado de tener este debate. | He cambiado el *excerpt* de [etimología](https://spanish.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/etimolog%c3%ada "show questions tagged 'etimología'") para que diga:
>
> Origen de las palabras, razón de su existencia, de su significación y de su forma.
>
>
>
Que es como se define en el DLE: [*etimología*](http://dle.rae.es/?id=H48BwrZ).
---
El sinónimo *etimologia* (sin tilde) parece que tiene cierto uso, pues se ha utilizado en un par de ocasiones ([fuente](https://spanish.stackexchange.com/tags/synonyms)). En todo caso, eliminarlo es apenas un clic para los moderadores.
---
El trabajo futuro está en utilizar bien estas etiquetas y corregir las que se usaron mal. Vayamos haciéndolo poco a poco, aprovechando para corregir otras cosas que puedan ser mejorables en las publicaciones. |
2,782 | Pregunta ejemplar: [¿Cuándo y cómo adquirió la palabra "follar" su acepción sexual?](https://spanish.stackexchange.com/q/23944/9385)
Sí, se pueden combinar las dos etiquetas --> vota a favor (+1)
No, de veras hay que mantener [historia](https://spanish.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/historia "show questions tagged 'historia'") aparte de [etimología](https://spanish.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/etimolog%c3%ada "show questions tagged 'etimología'") --> vota en contra (-1)
Ahora mismo hay:
* 45 [preguntas con ambas etiquetas](https://spanish.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/historia+etimolog%C3%ADa)
* 123 [preguntas con historia y no etimología](https://spanish.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/historia+-etimolog%C3%ADa)
* 383 [preguntas con etimología y no historia](https://spanish.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/etimolog%C3%ADa+-historia)
---
**Edit**: Parece que hay un claro consenso a no fusionar. ¡Bravo, equipo!
Lo que se puede hacer ahora es chequear las definiciones, y más adelante la etiquetación de las preguntas (walen: "es cierto que no se están usando bien").
Eché un ojo a las definiciones. Me molesta el sinónimo "etimologia" (sin acento) pero no encontré la manera de borrarlo.
Encontré mención de la evolución del idioma en la definición de "etimología", y también esta frase: "Origen de los términos y su desarrollo a lo largo de la historia". Pero yo no soy la persona indicada para proponer edits a estas definiciones.
Yo pienso que si alguien tiene una idea clara como editar las definiciones -- y sobre todo, ***simplificarlas***, que lo haga por favor, y que nos avisen aquí para que los interesados puedan chequear cómo quedaron.
Quise poner nuevos sinónimos de "historia": *historia del idioma, history of the language, evolución del idioma, evolution of the language*. Pero no pude porque no tengo reputación en esta categoría.... | 2018/01/24 | [
"https://spanish.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/2782",
"https://spanish.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://spanish.meta.stackexchange.com/users/9385/"
] | Voto en contra (con matices; ver abajo) porque no considero que se puedan fusionar, aunque es cierto que no se están usando bien.
Hay muchas preguntas sobre [historia](https://spanish.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/historia "show questions tagged 'historia'") del lenguaje que no tienen nada que ver con la [etimología](https://spanish.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/etimolog%c3%ada "show questions tagged 'etimología'") de palabras, como por ejemplo:
* [¿Desde cuándo tenemos las actuales reglas de acentuación?](https://spanish.stackexchange.com/questions/22890/desde-cu%C3%A1ndo-tenemos-las-actuales-reglas-de-acentuaci%C3%B3n)
* [¿Cuál ha sido la evolución del abecedario español a lo largo del tiempo?](https://spanish.stackexchange.com/questions/18914/cu%C3%A1l-ha-sido-la-evoluci%C3%B3n-del-abecedario-espa%C3%B1ol-a-lo-largo-del-tiempo)
* [El sonido de la J de José, en la California española](https://spanish.stackexchange.com/questions/21614/el-sonido-de-la-j-de-jos%C3%A9-en-la-california-espa%C3%B1ola)
Y muchas más.
Por otra parte, es muy complicado explicar la etimología de una palabra sin explicar también su historia; y por eso, en multitud de ocasiones las preguntas sobre la [etimología](https://spanish.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/etimolog%c3%ada "show questions tagged 'etimología'") de una palabra se pueden entender también como preguntas sobre su historia.
Pero no siempre es así:
* [¿Cuál es la palabra del español con más etimologías diferentes admitidas por la RAE?](https://spanish.stackexchange.com/questions/22538/cu%C3%A1l-es-la-palabra-del-espa%C3%B1ol-con-m%C3%A1s-etimolog%C3%ADas-diferentes-admitidas-por-la)
* [¿Hay alguna relación entre cuerda (adjetivo) y cuerda (sustantivo)?](https://spanish.stackexchange.com/questions/20406/hay-alguna-relaci%C3%B3n-entre-cuerda-adjetivo-y-cuerda-sustantivo)
* [¿Existen palabras con construcción similar a "penúltimo"?](https://spanish.stackexchange.com/questions/23279/existen-palabras-con-construcci%C3%B3n-similar-a-pen%C3%BAltimo)
Por tanto, no creo que corresponda fusionar ambos tags, pues en principio se refieren a cosas diferentes, aun cuando pueda existir algo de solape.
---
No obstante lo anterior, es cierto que tenemos **un montón** de preguntas etiquetadas como [etimología](https://spanish.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/etimolog%c3%ada "show questions tagged 'etimología'") cuando en realidad versan sobre [historia](https://spanish.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/historia "show questions tagged 'historia'") del lenguaje:
* [Origin and usage of "¿" and "¡"](https://spanish.stackexchange.com/questions/137/origin-and-usage-of-and)
* [Why is "De nada" used as a response to "Gracias"?](https://spanish.stackexchange.com/questions/2685/why-is-de-nada-used-as-a-response-to-gracias)
Y viceversa, aunque en mucha menor medida:
* [Where does «estribor» come from?](https://spanish.stackexchange.com/questions/21453/where-does-estribor-come-from) (*mea culpa*)
Sin duda es necesario darle un repaso al etiquetado de estas preguntas, y posiblemente ajustar las descripciones de los *tags* para orientar mejor a los usuarios. | He cambiado el *excerpt* de [etimología](https://spanish.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/etimolog%c3%ada "show questions tagged 'etimología'") para que diga:
>
> Origen de las palabras, razón de su existencia, de su significación y de su forma.
>
>
>
Que es como se define en el DLE: [*etimología*](http://dle.rae.es/?id=H48BwrZ).
---
El sinónimo *etimologia* (sin tilde) parece que tiene cierto uso, pues se ha utilizado en un par de ocasiones ([fuente](https://spanish.stackexchange.com/tags/synonyms)). En todo caso, eliminarlo es apenas un clic para los moderadores.
---
El trabajo futuro está en utilizar bien estas etiquetas y corregir las que se usaron mal. Vayamos haciéndolo poco a poco, aprovechando para corregir otras cosas que puedan ser mejorables en las publicaciones. |
7,327 | So, I'm 18, making 50k+ a year. Living at home for now, and thankfully that's not costing me anything. Not going back to school next year, and I have no loans to pay off. Right now, I kinda suck at keeping a budget, and my mindset is kinda "I got the money, why not?" - I'm trying hard to correct that.
Anyways, one of my hobbies is making my truck nice and beautiful. I've probably sunk about 10k into it so far. No regrets, it makes me happy. In the upcoming weeks though, it's going to potentially start costing a lot more... and I'm starting to think about enjoyment now vs my future. Not a lot of 18 year olds are even in the situation to have to make the decision. Most will just say live it up now, start life at 24 or something.
I want to move out soon, with my income and the economy how it is, I want to buy a house. I don't have the credit yet, so I mean, spending all this money will build up my credit.. which could help, right? How much money should I be saving? Where should I be putting it? Should I stop spending my money on things I enjoy and just become an old man like right now?
Any advice would really be appreciated! | 2011/03/30 | [
"https://money.stackexchange.com/questions/7327",
"https://money.stackexchange.com",
"https://money.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | Assume you will need to retire with a few million in the bank to maintain an average lifestyle. I had an analysis done for me (at 33) that shows my family, to keep it up lifestyle will need to have 3.4MM in the bank so in retirement I can draw down enough cash.
This number reflects inflation.
Now that you are 18, if you make consistent but small savings you will achieve that financial stability. Try to make it automatic so you aren't tempted to spend.
1. Carry no debt, but feel free to use credit to create a good credit report. Buy some of your truck parts on a credit card and pay it off each month.
2. Have an emergency fund. This can be low since you are young, but keep it around 3 to 6 months of your monthly expenses. Keep it in cash in a credit union or online bank account. Increase the fund as your expenses grow.
3. Feed your matching 401K accounts up to the match. (when you are working)
4. Feed your Roth investments if you are eligible. (when you are working)
5. If you aren't working, then feed a low cost investment account at Vanguard or similar in an index fund or a target retirement fund. Put $100/month in. More if you like.
6. Spend your money, enjoy your youth, don't sweat your investments, just keep feeding them.
7. Save money for a house. I think (in my opinion) 18 is way too young to buy a house because you shouldn't be tied down.
There is more you can do but since you have such an early start, you can do less than most people and still have plenty.
Even thought it is great you are thinking about it, don't forget to be young, move around lots and have fun. Just pay yourself first and have fun second.
Also, thank whoever guided you to this point. If you did it all on your own, be proud. | I was in a similar situation at age 18/19, but not making quite as much money. I maxed out an IRA and bought savings bonds, although rates were decent then.
I did flitter away about half of what I earned, which in retrospect was probably dumb. But I had a good time! |
7,327 | So, I'm 18, making 50k+ a year. Living at home for now, and thankfully that's not costing me anything. Not going back to school next year, and I have no loans to pay off. Right now, I kinda suck at keeping a budget, and my mindset is kinda "I got the money, why not?" - I'm trying hard to correct that.
Anyways, one of my hobbies is making my truck nice and beautiful. I've probably sunk about 10k into it so far. No regrets, it makes me happy. In the upcoming weeks though, it's going to potentially start costing a lot more... and I'm starting to think about enjoyment now vs my future. Not a lot of 18 year olds are even in the situation to have to make the decision. Most will just say live it up now, start life at 24 or something.
I want to move out soon, with my income and the economy how it is, I want to buy a house. I don't have the credit yet, so I mean, spending all this money will build up my credit.. which could help, right? How much money should I be saving? Where should I be putting it? Should I stop spending my money on things I enjoy and just become an old man like right now?
Any advice would really be appreciated! | 2011/03/30 | [
"https://money.stackexchange.com/questions/7327",
"https://money.stackexchange.com",
"https://money.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | Assume you will need to retire with a few million in the bank to maintain an average lifestyle. I had an analysis done for me (at 33) that shows my family, to keep it up lifestyle will need to have 3.4MM in the bank so in retirement I can draw down enough cash.
This number reflects inflation.
Now that you are 18, if you make consistent but small savings you will achieve that financial stability. Try to make it automatic so you aren't tempted to spend.
1. Carry no debt, but feel free to use credit to create a good credit report. Buy some of your truck parts on a credit card and pay it off each month.
2. Have an emergency fund. This can be low since you are young, but keep it around 3 to 6 months of your monthly expenses. Keep it in cash in a credit union or online bank account. Increase the fund as your expenses grow.
3. Feed your matching 401K accounts up to the match. (when you are working)
4. Feed your Roth investments if you are eligible. (when you are working)
5. If you aren't working, then feed a low cost investment account at Vanguard or similar in an index fund or a target retirement fund. Put $100/month in. More if you like.
6. Spend your money, enjoy your youth, don't sweat your investments, just keep feeding them.
7. Save money for a house. I think (in my opinion) 18 is way too young to buy a house because you shouldn't be tied down.
There is more you can do but since you have such an early start, you can do less than most people and still have plenty.
Even thought it is great you are thinking about it, don't forget to be young, move around lots and have fun. Just pay yourself first and have fun second.
Also, thank whoever guided you to this point. If you did it all on your own, be proud. | If you're making big money at 18, you should be saving every penny you can in tax-advantaged retirement accounts. (If your employer offers it, see if you can do a Roth 401(k), as odds are good you'll be in a higher tax bracket at retirement than you are now and you will benefit from the Roth structure. Otherwise, use a regular 401(k). IRAs are also an option, but you can put more money into a 401(k) than you can into an IRA.) If you do this for a decade or two while you're young, you'll be very well set on the road to retirement. Moreover, since you think "I've got the money, why not?" this will actually keep the money from you so you can do a better job of avoiding that question.
Your next concern will be post-tax money. You're going to be splitting this between three basic sorts of places: just plain spending it, saving/investing it in bank accounts and stock markets, or purchasing some other form of capital which will save you money or provide you with some useful capability that's worth money (e.g. owning a condo/house will help you save on rent - and you don't have to pay income taxes on that savings!)
18 is generally a little young to be setting down and buying a house, though, so you should probably look at saving money for a while instead. Open an account at Vanguard or a similar institution and buy some simple index funds. (The index funds have lower turnover, which is probably better for your unsheltered accounts, and you don't need to spend a bunch of money on mutual fund expense ratios, or spend a lot of time making a second career out of stock-picking). If you save a lot of your money for retirement now, you won't have to save as much later, and will have more income to spend on a house, so it'll all work out.
**Whatever you do**, you shouldn't blow a bunch of money on a really fancy new car. You might consider a pretty-nice slightly-used car, but the first year of car ownership is distressingly close to just throwing your money away, and fancy cars only make it that much worse.
You *should* also try to have some fun and interesting experiences while you're still young. It's okay to spend some money on them. Don't waste money flying first-class or spend tooo much money dining out, but fun/interesting/different experiences will serve you well throughout your life. (By contrast, routine luxury may not be worth it.) |
7,327 | So, I'm 18, making 50k+ a year. Living at home for now, and thankfully that's not costing me anything. Not going back to school next year, and I have no loans to pay off. Right now, I kinda suck at keeping a budget, and my mindset is kinda "I got the money, why not?" - I'm trying hard to correct that.
Anyways, one of my hobbies is making my truck nice and beautiful. I've probably sunk about 10k into it so far. No regrets, it makes me happy. In the upcoming weeks though, it's going to potentially start costing a lot more... and I'm starting to think about enjoyment now vs my future. Not a lot of 18 year olds are even in the situation to have to make the decision. Most will just say live it up now, start life at 24 or something.
I want to move out soon, with my income and the economy how it is, I want to buy a house. I don't have the credit yet, so I mean, spending all this money will build up my credit.. which could help, right? How much money should I be saving? Where should I be putting it? Should I stop spending my money on things I enjoy and just become an old man like right now?
Any advice would really be appreciated! | 2011/03/30 | [
"https://money.stackexchange.com/questions/7327",
"https://money.stackexchange.com",
"https://money.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | Assume you will need to retire with a few million in the bank to maintain an average lifestyle. I had an analysis done for me (at 33) that shows my family, to keep it up lifestyle will need to have 3.4MM in the bank so in retirement I can draw down enough cash.
This number reflects inflation.
Now that you are 18, if you make consistent but small savings you will achieve that financial stability. Try to make it automatic so you aren't tempted to spend.
1. Carry no debt, but feel free to use credit to create a good credit report. Buy some of your truck parts on a credit card and pay it off each month.
2. Have an emergency fund. This can be low since you are young, but keep it around 3 to 6 months of your monthly expenses. Keep it in cash in a credit union or online bank account. Increase the fund as your expenses grow.
3. Feed your matching 401K accounts up to the match. (when you are working)
4. Feed your Roth investments if you are eligible. (when you are working)
5. If you aren't working, then feed a low cost investment account at Vanguard or similar in an index fund or a target retirement fund. Put $100/month in. More if you like.
6. Spend your money, enjoy your youth, don't sweat your investments, just keep feeding them.
7. Save money for a house. I think (in my opinion) 18 is way too young to buy a house because you shouldn't be tied down.
There is more you can do but since you have such an early start, you can do less than most people and still have plenty.
Even thought it is great you are thinking about it, don't forget to be young, move around lots and have fun. Just pay yourself first and have fun second.
Also, thank whoever guided you to this point. If you did it all on your own, be proud. | The golden rule is "Pay yourself first."
This means that you should have some form of savings plan set up, preferably a monthly automatic withdrawal that comes out the day after your pay is deposited. 10% is a reasonable number to start with.
You are in a wonderful situation because you are thinking about this 10-15 years before most of us do. Use this to your advantage.
You are also in a good situation if you can defer the purchase of the house (assuming prices don't rise drastically in the next few years -- which they might.) If your home situation is acceptable, then sit down with the parents and present a plan. Something along the lines of:
>
> I'd like to move out and start my
> life. However, it would be
> advantageous to stay here for a few
> years to build up a down payment and
> reserve. I'm happy to help out with
> expenses, but do need a couple years
> of rent-free support to get started.
>
>
>
Then go into monk mode for one year. It's doable, and you can save a lot of cash.
Then you're on the road to freedom. |
7,327 | So, I'm 18, making 50k+ a year. Living at home for now, and thankfully that's not costing me anything. Not going back to school next year, and I have no loans to pay off. Right now, I kinda suck at keeping a budget, and my mindset is kinda "I got the money, why not?" - I'm trying hard to correct that.
Anyways, one of my hobbies is making my truck nice and beautiful. I've probably sunk about 10k into it so far. No regrets, it makes me happy. In the upcoming weeks though, it's going to potentially start costing a lot more... and I'm starting to think about enjoyment now vs my future. Not a lot of 18 year olds are even in the situation to have to make the decision. Most will just say live it up now, start life at 24 or something.
I want to move out soon, with my income and the economy how it is, I want to buy a house. I don't have the credit yet, so I mean, spending all this money will build up my credit.. which could help, right? How much money should I be saving? Where should I be putting it? Should I stop spending my money on things I enjoy and just become an old man like right now?
Any advice would really be appreciated! | 2011/03/30 | [
"https://money.stackexchange.com/questions/7327",
"https://money.stackexchange.com",
"https://money.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | If you're making big money at 18, you should be saving every penny you can in tax-advantaged retirement accounts. (If your employer offers it, see if you can do a Roth 401(k), as odds are good you'll be in a higher tax bracket at retirement than you are now and you will benefit from the Roth structure. Otherwise, use a regular 401(k). IRAs are also an option, but you can put more money into a 401(k) than you can into an IRA.) If you do this for a decade or two while you're young, you'll be very well set on the road to retirement. Moreover, since you think "I've got the money, why not?" this will actually keep the money from you so you can do a better job of avoiding that question.
Your next concern will be post-tax money. You're going to be splitting this between three basic sorts of places: just plain spending it, saving/investing it in bank accounts and stock markets, or purchasing some other form of capital which will save you money or provide you with some useful capability that's worth money (e.g. owning a condo/house will help you save on rent - and you don't have to pay income taxes on that savings!)
18 is generally a little young to be setting down and buying a house, though, so you should probably look at saving money for a while instead. Open an account at Vanguard or a similar institution and buy some simple index funds. (The index funds have lower turnover, which is probably better for your unsheltered accounts, and you don't need to spend a bunch of money on mutual fund expense ratios, or spend a lot of time making a second career out of stock-picking). If you save a lot of your money for retirement now, you won't have to save as much later, and will have more income to spend on a house, so it'll all work out.
**Whatever you do**, you shouldn't blow a bunch of money on a really fancy new car. You might consider a pretty-nice slightly-used car, but the first year of car ownership is distressingly close to just throwing your money away, and fancy cars only make it that much worse.
You *should* also try to have some fun and interesting experiences while you're still young. It's okay to spend some money on them. Don't waste money flying first-class or spend tooo much money dining out, but fun/interesting/different experiences will serve you well throughout your life. (By contrast, routine luxury may not be worth it.) | I was in a similar situation at age 18/19, but not making quite as much money. I maxed out an IRA and bought savings bonds, although rates were decent then.
I did flitter away about half of what I earned, which in retrospect was probably dumb. But I had a good time! |
7,327 | So, I'm 18, making 50k+ a year. Living at home for now, and thankfully that's not costing me anything. Not going back to school next year, and I have no loans to pay off. Right now, I kinda suck at keeping a budget, and my mindset is kinda "I got the money, why not?" - I'm trying hard to correct that.
Anyways, one of my hobbies is making my truck nice and beautiful. I've probably sunk about 10k into it so far. No regrets, it makes me happy. In the upcoming weeks though, it's going to potentially start costing a lot more... and I'm starting to think about enjoyment now vs my future. Not a lot of 18 year olds are even in the situation to have to make the decision. Most will just say live it up now, start life at 24 or something.
I want to move out soon, with my income and the economy how it is, I want to buy a house. I don't have the credit yet, so I mean, spending all this money will build up my credit.. which could help, right? How much money should I be saving? Where should I be putting it? Should I stop spending my money on things I enjoy and just become an old man like right now?
Any advice would really be appreciated! | 2011/03/30 | [
"https://money.stackexchange.com/questions/7327",
"https://money.stackexchange.com",
"https://money.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | The golden rule is "Pay yourself first."
This means that you should have some form of savings plan set up, preferably a monthly automatic withdrawal that comes out the day after your pay is deposited. 10% is a reasonable number to start with.
You are in a wonderful situation because you are thinking about this 10-15 years before most of us do. Use this to your advantage.
You are also in a good situation if you can defer the purchase of the house (assuming prices don't rise drastically in the next few years -- which they might.) If your home situation is acceptable, then sit down with the parents and present a plan. Something along the lines of:
>
> I'd like to move out and start my
> life. However, it would be
> advantageous to stay here for a few
> years to build up a down payment and
> reserve. I'm happy to help out with
> expenses, but do need a couple years
> of rent-free support to get started.
>
>
>
Then go into monk mode for one year. It's doable, and you can save a lot of cash.
Then you're on the road to freedom. | I was in a similar situation at age 18/19, but not making quite as much money. I maxed out an IRA and bought savings bonds, although rates were decent then.
I did flitter away about half of what I earned, which in retrospect was probably dumb. But I had a good time! |
10,141 | I know this question might have been around before like in this SO [thread](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2804001/panel-data-with-binary-dependent-variable-in-r), but maybe (hopefully) its answer has changed over time.
* Is there any package in R or an outline how to do panel regressions with a discrete dependent variable?
* Is there any other open source package that does it and that would help coding something in R? | 2011/04/29 | [
"https://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/10141",
"https://stats.stackexchange.com",
"https://stats.stackexchange.com/users/704/"
] | For "fixed effects" logit regression as understood in econometrics (also called Chamberlain's conditional logit), "clogit" in the "survival" package does the job. | What is wrong with using [plm](http://www.jstatsoft.org/v27/i02/paper) or [lme4](http://lme4.r-forge.r-project.org/slides/2009-07-07-Rennes/3Longitudinal-4.pdf) ([another link](http://lme4.r-forge.r-project.org/book/Ch4.pdf))? Particularly the `glmer` function? |
10,141 | I know this question might have been around before like in this SO [thread](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2804001/panel-data-with-binary-dependent-variable-in-r), but maybe (hopefully) its answer has changed over time.
* Is there any package in R or an outline how to do panel regressions with a discrete dependent variable?
* Is there any other open source package that does it and that would help coding something in R? | 2011/04/29 | [
"https://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/10141",
"https://stats.stackexchange.com",
"https://stats.stackexchange.com/users/704/"
] | What is wrong with using [plm](http://www.jstatsoft.org/v27/i02/paper) or [lme4](http://lme4.r-forge.r-project.org/slides/2009-07-07-Rennes/3Longitudinal-4.pdf) ([another link](http://lme4.r-forge.r-project.org/book/Ch4.pdf))? Particularly the `glmer` function? | If your dependent variable is only binary, you could try out the package "bife".
Their [package description](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/bife/bife.pdf) is:
"Estimates fixed effects binary choice models (logit and probit) with potentially many individual fixed effects and computes average partial effects. Incidental parameter bias can be reduced with an asymptotic bias correction proposed by Fernandez-Val (2009)" |
10,141 | I know this question might have been around before like in this SO [thread](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2804001/panel-data-with-binary-dependent-variable-in-r), but maybe (hopefully) its answer has changed over time.
* Is there any package in R or an outline how to do panel regressions with a discrete dependent variable?
* Is there any other open source package that does it and that would help coding something in R? | 2011/04/29 | [
"https://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/10141",
"https://stats.stackexchange.com",
"https://stats.stackexchange.com/users/704/"
] | For "fixed effects" logit regression as understood in econometrics (also called Chamberlain's conditional logit), "clogit" in the "survival" package does the job. | pglm is now available and for e.g. conditional logit there is a closed form estimator that should be straightforward to implement. |
10,141 | I know this question might have been around before like in this SO [thread](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2804001/panel-data-with-binary-dependent-variable-in-r), but maybe (hopefully) its answer has changed over time.
* Is there any package in R or an outline how to do panel regressions with a discrete dependent variable?
* Is there any other open source package that does it and that would help coding something in R? | 2011/04/29 | [
"https://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/10141",
"https://stats.stackexchange.com",
"https://stats.stackexchange.com/users/704/"
] | pglm is now available and for e.g. conditional logit there is a closed form estimator that should be straightforward to implement. | If your dependent variable is only binary, you could try out the package "bife".
Their [package description](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/bife/bife.pdf) is:
"Estimates fixed effects binary choice models (logit and probit) with potentially many individual fixed effects and computes average partial effects. Incidental parameter bias can be reduced with an asymptotic bias correction proposed by Fernandez-Val (2009)" |
10,141 | I know this question might have been around before like in this SO [thread](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2804001/panel-data-with-binary-dependent-variable-in-r), but maybe (hopefully) its answer has changed over time.
* Is there any package in R or an outline how to do panel regressions with a discrete dependent variable?
* Is there any other open source package that does it and that would help coding something in R? | 2011/04/29 | [
"https://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/10141",
"https://stats.stackexchange.com",
"https://stats.stackexchange.com/users/704/"
] | For "fixed effects" logit regression as understood in econometrics (also called Chamberlain's conditional logit), "clogit" in the "survival" package does the job. | If your dependent variable is only binary, you could try out the package "bife".
Their [package description](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/bife/bife.pdf) is:
"Estimates fixed effects binary choice models (logit and probit) with potentially many individual fixed effects and computes average partial effects. Incidental parameter bias can be reduced with an asymptotic bias correction proposed by Fernandez-Val (2009)" |
3,700,920 | When I was learning in university, they taught us the database fundamentals, basics and rules,
and one of the most important rules is the constraints (primary key, foreign key), and how to make 1-m, 1-1, m-n relationships.
Now when I move to real business environment they tell me: you should forget all you have been taught; no constraints, all those relationships are logical, no primary keys, no foreign keys,
you can make your constraints through the code.
I don't know who is right: what I learned in my academic life or what I will learn in my new real business life. What do you think? | 2010/09/13 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3700920",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/418343/"
] | The longer I work with databases, the more I appreciate constraints. In the long run, they save me a lot of time. Only trusted constraints ensure 100% validity of data.
I wrote a chapter on usage of constraints vs. other ways of ensuring data integrity, available as free download [here](http://www.simple-talk.com/books/sql-books/defensive-database-programming/) | I've spent a lot of time fix ng the crap data produced by incompetents who think the constraints belong in the application code. If a database is designed without these required things, it will have bad data. Do a quick check of any system like this that has been running for several years and you will find orphaned records and missing required information etc. |
3,700,920 | When I was learning in university, they taught us the database fundamentals, basics and rules,
and one of the most important rules is the constraints (primary key, foreign key), and how to make 1-m, 1-1, m-n relationships.
Now when I move to real business environment they tell me: you should forget all you have been taught; no constraints, all those relationships are logical, no primary keys, no foreign keys,
you can make your constraints through the code.
I don't know who is right: what I learned in my academic life or what I will learn in my new real business life. What do you think? | 2010/09/13 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3700920",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/418343/"
] | The longer I work with databases, the more I appreciate constraints. In the long run, they save me a lot of time. Only trusted constraints ensure 100% validity of data.
I wrote a chapter on usage of constraints vs. other ways of ensuring data integrity, available as free download [here](http://www.simple-talk.com/books/sql-books/defensive-database-programming/) | Well it's certainly true that there are very few ultimate truths out there, and it's also true that many commerically successful products eschew declared referential integrity (DRI).
On the other hand, if you care about the data in your database, there is almost no better way to safeguard the integrity of that data than through DRI.
If you leave it all up to the code on top, you're kind of banking on the hope that no one will ever access the database through any other means. If they do there will be nothing stopping data corruption (orphaned rows, inconsistent and illogical data). |
3,700,920 | When I was learning in university, they taught us the database fundamentals, basics and rules,
and one of the most important rules is the constraints (primary key, foreign key), and how to make 1-m, 1-1, m-n relationships.
Now when I move to real business environment they tell me: you should forget all you have been taught; no constraints, all those relationships are logical, no primary keys, no foreign keys,
you can make your constraints through the code.
I don't know who is right: what I learned in my academic life or what I will learn in my new real business life. What do you think? | 2010/09/13 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3700920",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/418343/"
] | Database constraints are a great idea when you have users accessing the database whom may corrupt your data(i.e. any user). I tend to keep Foreign key constraints in place to ensure that anyone editing data in my database is aware that other tables are relying on the data in the current table. | I've spent a lot of time fix ng the crap data produced by incompetents who think the constraints belong in the application code. If a database is designed without these required things, it will have bad data. Do a quick check of any system like this that has been running for several years and you will find orphaned records and missing required information etc. |
3,700,920 | When I was learning in university, they taught us the database fundamentals, basics and rules,
and one of the most important rules is the constraints (primary key, foreign key), and how to make 1-m, 1-1, m-n relationships.
Now when I move to real business environment they tell me: you should forget all you have been taught; no constraints, all those relationships are logical, no primary keys, no foreign keys,
you can make your constraints through the code.
I don't know who is right: what I learned in my academic life or what I will learn in my new real business life. What do you think? | 2010/09/13 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3700920",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/418343/"
] | Database constraints are a great idea when you have users accessing the database whom may corrupt your data(i.e. any user). I tend to keep Foreign key constraints in place to ensure that anyone editing data in my database is aware that other tables are relying on the data in the current table. | Well it's certainly true that there are very few ultimate truths out there, and it's also true that many commerically successful products eschew declared referential integrity (DRI).
On the other hand, if you care about the data in your database, there is almost no better way to safeguard the integrity of that data than through DRI.
If you leave it all up to the code on top, you're kind of banking on the hope that no one will ever access the database through any other means. If they do there will be nothing stopping data corruption (orphaned rows, inconsistent and illogical data). |
3,700,920 | When I was learning in university, they taught us the database fundamentals, basics and rules,
and one of the most important rules is the constraints (primary key, foreign key), and how to make 1-m, 1-1, m-n relationships.
Now when I move to real business environment they tell me: you should forget all you have been taught; no constraints, all those relationships are logical, no primary keys, no foreign keys,
you can make your constraints through the code.
I don't know who is right: what I learned in my academic life or what I will learn in my new real business life. What do you think? | 2010/09/13 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3700920",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/418343/"
] | What you learned isn't just academic stuff. But yes **it's like Plato's Utopia at times**. It's the perfect condition your database can be in, the ideal design. But that ideal design isn't always possible.
Constraints should be as close to DB data as possible. Think about it this way. What if you wrote your constraints in code and later you wanted to migrate to a different language/platform and an error cropped up in one of your constraints? It'd be disastrous. Things like PK, FK, constraints etc. are used widely. They've been used for more than 30 years now. So, they're not junk but in certain scenarios they're just not manageable. For example, if you're Google, you can't just rely on a relational model to give answers in milliseconds.
So based on requirements like speed and stability, we sometimes duplicate data too, we don't use PKs, or we don't establish relationships etc. But only when we're looking for something specific **AND** when we know what we'll lose by doing it that way.
In the end, relational model is still just a model. It's a way of representing things. A very successful way but it's not a godsend so in some cases it has to be compromised. | When I was in class, we accessed tables with raw SQL, and there is a lot of raw SQL or the equivalent out there. In these cases, constraints are generally good.
However, there are systems that use databases as back ends, and these databases are only accessed by that particular software system. In this case, the software should keep track of the necessary relations and constraints, and the database serves as a redundant check that doesn't provide good feedback and lowers performance.
The database constraints are redundant because the attached system needs to maintain the constraints itself. The feedback is that a certain database constraint was violated. If a program is capable of dealing with such feedback, it's capable of doing its own checks. The performance cost should be obvious.
The constraints can still be useful on development or test systems, but when the system goes into production about all they can do is crash the system if something goes wrong, and that's usually exactly what you don't want to happen in a large system like that. |
3,700,920 | When I was learning in university, they taught us the database fundamentals, basics and rules,
and one of the most important rules is the constraints (primary key, foreign key), and how to make 1-m, 1-1, m-n relationships.
Now when I move to real business environment they tell me: you should forget all you have been taught; no constraints, all those relationships are logical, no primary keys, no foreign keys,
you can make your constraints through the code.
I don't know who is right: what I learned in my academic life or what I will learn in my new real business life. What do you think? | 2010/09/13 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3700920",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/418343/"
] | If you think that constraints are merely about primary keys and foreign keys, then in fact you haven't been taught much of the "fundamentals" to begin with.
I suggest you take a look at ["An Introduction to Relational Database Theory"](http://bookboon.com/int/student/it/an-introduction-to-relational-database-theory) by Hugh Darwen, which is available freely online. And at least you get a *genuine* education about the "fundamentals" from that one. | Database constraints are a great idea when you have users accessing the database whom may corrupt your data(i.e. any user). I tend to keep Foreign key constraints in place to ensure that anyone editing data in my database is aware that other tables are relying on the data in the current table. |
3,700,920 | When I was learning in university, they taught us the database fundamentals, basics and rules,
and one of the most important rules is the constraints (primary key, foreign key), and how to make 1-m, 1-1, m-n relationships.
Now when I move to real business environment they tell me: you should forget all you have been taught; no constraints, all those relationships are logical, no primary keys, no foreign keys,
you can make your constraints through the code.
I don't know who is right: what I learned in my academic life or what I will learn in my new real business life. What do you think? | 2010/09/13 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3700920",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/418343/"
] | I've spent a lot of time fix ng the crap data produced by incompetents who think the constraints belong in the application code. If a database is designed without these required things, it will have bad data. Do a quick check of any system like this that has been running for several years and you will find orphaned records and missing required information etc. | When I was in class, we accessed tables with raw SQL, and there is a lot of raw SQL or the equivalent out there. In these cases, constraints are generally good.
However, there are systems that use databases as back ends, and these databases are only accessed by that particular software system. In this case, the software should keep track of the necessary relations and constraints, and the database serves as a redundant check that doesn't provide good feedback and lowers performance.
The database constraints are redundant because the attached system needs to maintain the constraints itself. The feedback is that a certain database constraint was violated. If a program is capable of dealing with such feedback, it's capable of doing its own checks. The performance cost should be obvious.
The constraints can still be useful on development or test systems, but when the system goes into production about all they can do is crash the system if something goes wrong, and that's usually exactly what you don't want to happen in a large system like that. |
3,700,920 | When I was learning in university, they taught us the database fundamentals, basics and rules,
and one of the most important rules is the constraints (primary key, foreign key), and how to make 1-m, 1-1, m-n relationships.
Now when I move to real business environment they tell me: you should forget all you have been taught; no constraints, all those relationships are logical, no primary keys, no foreign keys,
you can make your constraints through the code.
I don't know who is right: what I learned in my academic life or what I will learn in my new real business life. What do you think? | 2010/09/13 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3700920",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/418343/"
] | I think the constraints help you to have clean data. Performance is sometimes improved. In some cases, the performance can get affected by having the constraints. However, the answer to that is not removing the constraints. You have something called "denormalization" to help you deal with the performance issues (provided that your queries are already optimized). You can always create denormalized summary tables in such scenarios.
Did the guys who told you to "forget what you learnt" also tell you that they have forgotten the traffic rules they learnt at the driving classes? | Database constraints are a great idea when you have users accessing the database whom may corrupt your data(i.e. any user). I tend to keep Foreign key constraints in place to ensure that anyone editing data in my database is aware that other tables are relying on the data in the current table. |
3,700,920 | When I was learning in university, they taught us the database fundamentals, basics and rules,
and one of the most important rules is the constraints (primary key, foreign key), and how to make 1-m, 1-1, m-n relationships.
Now when I move to real business environment they tell me: you should forget all you have been taught; no constraints, all those relationships are logical, no primary keys, no foreign keys,
you can make your constraints through the code.
I don't know who is right: what I learned in my academic life or what I will learn in my new real business life. What do you think? | 2010/09/13 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3700920",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/418343/"
] | If somebody told me to ignore keys and constraints on my databases, I would promptly ignore them and go about my business.
Primary keys, foreign keys, and constraints are there for a reason. Use them. They'll make your life easier and your database easier to understand (and, quite often, more performant). | I think the constraints help you to have clean data. Performance is sometimes improved. In some cases, the performance can get affected by having the constraints. However, the answer to that is not removing the constraints. You have something called "denormalization" to help you deal with the performance issues (provided that your queries are already optimized). You can always create denormalized summary tables in such scenarios.
Did the guys who told you to "forget what you learnt" also tell you that they have forgotten the traffic rules they learnt at the driving classes? |
3,700,920 | When I was learning in university, they taught us the database fundamentals, basics and rules,
and one of the most important rules is the constraints (primary key, foreign key), and how to make 1-m, 1-1, m-n relationships.
Now when I move to real business environment they tell me: you should forget all you have been taught; no constraints, all those relationships are logical, no primary keys, no foreign keys,
you can make your constraints through the code.
I don't know who is right: what I learned in my academic life or what I will learn in my new real business life. What do you think? | 2010/09/13 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3700920",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/418343/"
] | I think the constraints help you to have clean data. Performance is sometimes improved. In some cases, the performance can get affected by having the constraints. However, the answer to that is not removing the constraints. You have something called "denormalization" to help you deal with the performance issues (provided that your queries are already optimized). You can always create denormalized summary tables in such scenarios.
Did the guys who told you to "forget what you learnt" also tell you that they have forgotten the traffic rules they learnt at the driving classes? | Primary keys are important. You need a way to uniquely ID rows.
But, its been my experience that if you properly encapsulate your database access within classes (ie, reading/writing objects to/from the db), constraints arent generally necessary. Yeah, I might use them if 50 different apps in 10 different languages were using the same database. But if its one app, or a common suite of apps sharing a source code base, I'd rather have *all* the database manipulation logic in one place to make the app more maintainable. Same goes for stored procedures, but they have the additional issue of portablity between db systems if you write code meant to handle a wide variety of databases. |
79,636 | I have a product where users can schedule content to post to social networks. The users may have their account set to their local timezone, while running a campaign which requires them to schedule content for another timezone.
An example of this would be a user who is running their account from an office in New York, but running an advertising campaign targeted at an audience in Los Angeles.
Should the user be able to choose the timezone of the scheduled time when creating the scheduled post? Or should they always expect to set the scheduled time in their own timezone, compensating for the time difference themselves?
When they view a list of posts they've scheduled, which timezone should display for the scheduled time? | 2015/06/03 | [
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/79636",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/users/66870/"
] | Make it explicit that the scheduled campaign will run in the LA timezone to reduce any confusion. MailChimp does it quite nicely with their Delivery by Time Zone feature <http://mailchimp.com/features/timewarp/>
 | The user will be expecting it to be, by default, in their time zone. Anything other than this will cause confusion. However as @RizwanJavaid has highlighted, for some markets/projects (and I would say social media is one) it is perfectly well expected to be able to change this. |
79,636 | I have a product where users can schedule content to post to social networks. The users may have their account set to their local timezone, while running a campaign which requires them to schedule content for another timezone.
An example of this would be a user who is running their account from an office in New York, but running an advertising campaign targeted at an audience in Los Angeles.
Should the user be able to choose the timezone of the scheduled time when creating the scheduled post? Or should they always expect to set the scheduled time in their own timezone, compensating for the time difference themselves?
When they view a list of posts they've scheduled, which timezone should display for the scheduled time? | 2015/06/03 | [
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/79636",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/users/66870/"
] | Make it explicit that the scheduled campaign will run in the LA timezone to reduce any confusion. MailChimp does it quite nicely with their Delivery by Time Zone feature <http://mailchimp.com/features/timewarp/>
 | In my opinion, the best thing you can do in this case is the following:
1. The user configures the time to send the message according to HIS timezone.
2. The program immediately shows the corresponding time in the following zones:
* Pacific timezone;
* Atlantic US timezone;
* UK timezone
* Western Europe Timezone
* Pacific Australian timezone.
3. Any time the user reconfigures the sending time, the other timezones are updated accordingly.
99% of social media (essentially everything outside of China) are used by users in more than one timezone. the 5 timezones above contain most social media users outside of India and China, so you can plan accordingly. The reason why you should show multiple timezones is that A) your program should be able to be used internationally, without the need for the user to configure the target audience every time; and B) A campaign that's aimed at a certain timezone might be relevant for people in another timezone, even if it's just so someone in another timezone knows not to disturb anyone in that timezone participating in an event from that campaign. |
79,636 | I have a product where users can schedule content to post to social networks. The users may have their account set to their local timezone, while running a campaign which requires them to schedule content for another timezone.
An example of this would be a user who is running their account from an office in New York, but running an advertising campaign targeted at an audience in Los Angeles.
Should the user be able to choose the timezone of the scheduled time when creating the scheduled post? Or should they always expect to set the scheduled time in their own timezone, compensating for the time difference themselves?
When they view a list of posts they've scheduled, which timezone should display for the scheduled time? | 2015/06/03 | [
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/79636",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/users/66870/"
] | Make it explicit that the scheduled campaign will run in the LA timezone to reduce any confusion. MailChimp does it quite nicely with their Delivery by Time Zone feature <http://mailchimp.com/features/timewarp/>
 | I often find myself one time zone away on trips, and dealing with my calendar on OS X *or* Windows Office is a mine field. I can summarize the problem as "too many choices": The calendar programs all try to do something clever, and not only do they not do what *I* need but I never quite know what to expect. Configuration options only make matters worse, because the options don't correspond to what I need to control, invariably result in more complex behavior, and always leave me wondering if I could fix the problem by changing a setting. So my suggestion is: Do The Right Thing, but above all keep it predictable.
I would expect that for a localized campaign, what matters is when the content gets delivered (prime time, rush hour, whatever), i.e. local time. But some users might be more interested in when the event will happen, so they can monitor for problems. **Which type of users do you have in your business?** If you need to cater to both types, I would start by showing *both* times in the list of scheduled posts. E.g., two time columns (and maybe a way to hide columns you never care about).
If none of your users cared about time at the target market, it would be an easy call. But assuming they do, I would model the interface for scheduling the events on an appointment calendar:
* For events whose participants are at a certain location, always choose the time zone at the event location. It doesn't matter where I am as I schedule the event, it doesn't matter what time zone my computer is set to. This would apply if your campaigns are typically limited to one market (i.e. one time zone).
* For events that are accessible regardless of time zone (in your case: not limited to a local market), choose a reasonable point of reference and **stick to it**-- i.e., don't change it when your user changes location. This would be an account-wide setting.
In short, the rule would be: **use local time unless there *is* no "local time".** This does require that the event's location can be determined before the time of the event is chosen. |
79,636 | I have a product where users can schedule content to post to social networks. The users may have their account set to their local timezone, while running a campaign which requires them to schedule content for another timezone.
An example of this would be a user who is running their account from an office in New York, but running an advertising campaign targeted at an audience in Los Angeles.
Should the user be able to choose the timezone of the scheduled time when creating the scheduled post? Or should they always expect to set the scheduled time in their own timezone, compensating for the time difference themselves?
When they view a list of posts they've scheduled, which timezone should display for the scheduled time? | 2015/06/03 | [
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/79636",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/users/66870/"
] | Make it explicit that the scheduled campaign will run in the LA timezone to reduce any confusion. MailChimp does it quite nicely with their Delivery by Time Zone feature <http://mailchimp.com/features/timewarp/>
 | As Golden Krishna says bes tinterface is no interface. So ask the user the localisation of the meeting and ask him the time of this meeting.
Take into account or ask him if it is local time.
Ask from where he comes and specifies him automatically the time in two formats its real localisation and the time of the localisation meeting with a table with all GMT frame.
But please don't ask him to calculate and specifies the difference. |
79,636 | I have a product where users can schedule content to post to social networks. The users may have their account set to their local timezone, while running a campaign which requires them to schedule content for another timezone.
An example of this would be a user who is running their account from an office in New York, but running an advertising campaign targeted at an audience in Los Angeles.
Should the user be able to choose the timezone of the scheduled time when creating the scheduled post? Or should they always expect to set the scheduled time in their own timezone, compensating for the time difference themselves?
When they view a list of posts they've scheduled, which timezone should display for the scheduled time? | 2015/06/03 | [
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/79636",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/users/66870/"
] | The user will be expecting it to be, by default, in their time zone. Anything other than this will cause confusion. However as @RizwanJavaid has highlighted, for some markets/projects (and I would say social media is one) it is perfectly well expected to be able to change this. | In my opinion, the best thing you can do in this case is the following:
1. The user configures the time to send the message according to HIS timezone.
2. The program immediately shows the corresponding time in the following zones:
* Pacific timezone;
* Atlantic US timezone;
* UK timezone
* Western Europe Timezone
* Pacific Australian timezone.
3. Any time the user reconfigures the sending time, the other timezones are updated accordingly.
99% of social media (essentially everything outside of China) are used by users in more than one timezone. the 5 timezones above contain most social media users outside of India and China, so you can plan accordingly. The reason why you should show multiple timezones is that A) your program should be able to be used internationally, without the need for the user to configure the target audience every time; and B) A campaign that's aimed at a certain timezone might be relevant for people in another timezone, even if it's just so someone in another timezone knows not to disturb anyone in that timezone participating in an event from that campaign. |
79,636 | I have a product where users can schedule content to post to social networks. The users may have their account set to their local timezone, while running a campaign which requires them to schedule content for another timezone.
An example of this would be a user who is running their account from an office in New York, but running an advertising campaign targeted at an audience in Los Angeles.
Should the user be able to choose the timezone of the scheduled time when creating the scheduled post? Or should they always expect to set the scheduled time in their own timezone, compensating for the time difference themselves?
When they view a list of posts they've scheduled, which timezone should display for the scheduled time? | 2015/06/03 | [
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/79636",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/users/66870/"
] | The user will be expecting it to be, by default, in their time zone. Anything other than this will cause confusion. However as @RizwanJavaid has highlighted, for some markets/projects (and I would say social media is one) it is perfectly well expected to be able to change this. | I often find myself one time zone away on trips, and dealing with my calendar on OS X *or* Windows Office is a mine field. I can summarize the problem as "too many choices": The calendar programs all try to do something clever, and not only do they not do what *I* need but I never quite know what to expect. Configuration options only make matters worse, because the options don't correspond to what I need to control, invariably result in more complex behavior, and always leave me wondering if I could fix the problem by changing a setting. So my suggestion is: Do The Right Thing, but above all keep it predictable.
I would expect that for a localized campaign, what matters is when the content gets delivered (prime time, rush hour, whatever), i.e. local time. But some users might be more interested in when the event will happen, so they can monitor for problems. **Which type of users do you have in your business?** If you need to cater to both types, I would start by showing *both* times in the list of scheduled posts. E.g., two time columns (and maybe a way to hide columns you never care about).
If none of your users cared about time at the target market, it would be an easy call. But assuming they do, I would model the interface for scheduling the events on an appointment calendar:
* For events whose participants are at a certain location, always choose the time zone at the event location. It doesn't matter where I am as I schedule the event, it doesn't matter what time zone my computer is set to. This would apply if your campaigns are typically limited to one market (i.e. one time zone).
* For events that are accessible regardless of time zone (in your case: not limited to a local market), choose a reasonable point of reference and **stick to it**-- i.e., don't change it when your user changes location. This would be an account-wide setting.
In short, the rule would be: **use local time unless there *is* no "local time".** This does require that the event's location can be determined before the time of the event is chosen. |
79,636 | I have a product where users can schedule content to post to social networks. The users may have their account set to their local timezone, while running a campaign which requires them to schedule content for another timezone.
An example of this would be a user who is running their account from an office in New York, but running an advertising campaign targeted at an audience in Los Angeles.
Should the user be able to choose the timezone of the scheduled time when creating the scheduled post? Or should they always expect to set the scheduled time in their own timezone, compensating for the time difference themselves?
When they view a list of posts they've scheduled, which timezone should display for the scheduled time? | 2015/06/03 | [
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/79636",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/users/66870/"
] | The user will be expecting it to be, by default, in their time zone. Anything other than this will cause confusion. However as @RizwanJavaid has highlighted, for some markets/projects (and I would say social media is one) it is perfectly well expected to be able to change this. | As Golden Krishna says bes tinterface is no interface. So ask the user the localisation of the meeting and ask him the time of this meeting.
Take into account or ask him if it is local time.
Ask from where he comes and specifies him automatically the time in two formats its real localisation and the time of the localisation meeting with a table with all GMT frame.
But please don't ask him to calculate and specifies the difference. |
79,636 | I have a product where users can schedule content to post to social networks. The users may have their account set to their local timezone, while running a campaign which requires them to schedule content for another timezone.
An example of this would be a user who is running their account from an office in New York, but running an advertising campaign targeted at an audience in Los Angeles.
Should the user be able to choose the timezone of the scheduled time when creating the scheduled post? Or should they always expect to set the scheduled time in their own timezone, compensating for the time difference themselves?
When they view a list of posts they've scheduled, which timezone should display for the scheduled time? | 2015/06/03 | [
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/79636",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/users/66870/"
] | I often find myself one time zone away on trips, and dealing with my calendar on OS X *or* Windows Office is a mine field. I can summarize the problem as "too many choices": The calendar programs all try to do something clever, and not only do they not do what *I* need but I never quite know what to expect. Configuration options only make matters worse, because the options don't correspond to what I need to control, invariably result in more complex behavior, and always leave me wondering if I could fix the problem by changing a setting. So my suggestion is: Do The Right Thing, but above all keep it predictable.
I would expect that for a localized campaign, what matters is when the content gets delivered (prime time, rush hour, whatever), i.e. local time. But some users might be more interested in when the event will happen, so they can monitor for problems. **Which type of users do you have in your business?** If you need to cater to both types, I would start by showing *both* times in the list of scheduled posts. E.g., two time columns (and maybe a way to hide columns you never care about).
If none of your users cared about time at the target market, it would be an easy call. But assuming they do, I would model the interface for scheduling the events on an appointment calendar:
* For events whose participants are at a certain location, always choose the time zone at the event location. It doesn't matter where I am as I schedule the event, it doesn't matter what time zone my computer is set to. This would apply if your campaigns are typically limited to one market (i.e. one time zone).
* For events that are accessible regardless of time zone (in your case: not limited to a local market), choose a reasonable point of reference and **stick to it**-- i.e., don't change it when your user changes location. This would be an account-wide setting.
In short, the rule would be: **use local time unless there *is* no "local time".** This does require that the event's location can be determined before the time of the event is chosen. | In my opinion, the best thing you can do in this case is the following:
1. The user configures the time to send the message according to HIS timezone.
2. The program immediately shows the corresponding time in the following zones:
* Pacific timezone;
* Atlantic US timezone;
* UK timezone
* Western Europe Timezone
* Pacific Australian timezone.
3. Any time the user reconfigures the sending time, the other timezones are updated accordingly.
99% of social media (essentially everything outside of China) are used by users in more than one timezone. the 5 timezones above contain most social media users outside of India and China, so you can plan accordingly. The reason why you should show multiple timezones is that A) your program should be able to be used internationally, without the need for the user to configure the target audience every time; and B) A campaign that's aimed at a certain timezone might be relevant for people in another timezone, even if it's just so someone in another timezone knows not to disturb anyone in that timezone participating in an event from that campaign. |
79,636 | I have a product where users can schedule content to post to social networks. The users may have their account set to their local timezone, while running a campaign which requires them to schedule content for another timezone.
An example of this would be a user who is running their account from an office in New York, but running an advertising campaign targeted at an audience in Los Angeles.
Should the user be able to choose the timezone of the scheduled time when creating the scheduled post? Or should they always expect to set the scheduled time in their own timezone, compensating for the time difference themselves?
When they view a list of posts they've scheduled, which timezone should display for the scheduled time? | 2015/06/03 | [
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/79636",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/users/66870/"
] | I often find myself one time zone away on trips, and dealing with my calendar on OS X *or* Windows Office is a mine field. I can summarize the problem as "too many choices": The calendar programs all try to do something clever, and not only do they not do what *I* need but I never quite know what to expect. Configuration options only make matters worse, because the options don't correspond to what I need to control, invariably result in more complex behavior, and always leave me wondering if I could fix the problem by changing a setting. So my suggestion is: Do The Right Thing, but above all keep it predictable.
I would expect that for a localized campaign, what matters is when the content gets delivered (prime time, rush hour, whatever), i.e. local time. But some users might be more interested in when the event will happen, so they can monitor for problems. **Which type of users do you have in your business?** If you need to cater to both types, I would start by showing *both* times in the list of scheduled posts. E.g., two time columns (and maybe a way to hide columns you never care about).
If none of your users cared about time at the target market, it would be an easy call. But assuming they do, I would model the interface for scheduling the events on an appointment calendar:
* For events whose participants are at a certain location, always choose the time zone at the event location. It doesn't matter where I am as I schedule the event, it doesn't matter what time zone my computer is set to. This would apply if your campaigns are typically limited to one market (i.e. one time zone).
* For events that are accessible regardless of time zone (in your case: not limited to a local market), choose a reasonable point of reference and **stick to it**-- i.e., don't change it when your user changes location. This would be an account-wide setting.
In short, the rule would be: **use local time unless there *is* no "local time".** This does require that the event's location can be determined before the time of the event is chosen. | As Golden Krishna says bes tinterface is no interface. So ask the user the localisation of the meeting and ask him the time of this meeting.
Take into account or ask him if it is local time.
Ask from where he comes and specifies him automatically the time in two formats its real localisation and the time of the localisation meeting with a table with all GMT frame.
But please don't ask him to calculate and specifies the difference. |
39,265,641 | I am new to RISC-V, Rocket-Chip, and Chisel, and have been searching around for tutorials, and documents, to help me learn to write Chisel code. It seems to be spread out and new bits and pieces trickle in. I will answer this question with my list, what have you found? | 2016/09/01 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/39265641",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/2472001/"
] | A Chisel 2 documentation page, including tutorial, manual, and cheat-sheet:
<https://chisel.eecs.berkeley.edu/documentation.html>
Chisel 3 wiki: <https://github.com/ucb-bar/chisel3/wiki>
Style guide, which helps those new, like me, understand nuances and figure out how to do non-obvious things:
<https://github.com/ccelio/chisel-style-guide>
This page has a list of repositories, including chisel example code, a skeleton for new projects, tutorials, documentation (see below):
<https://github.com/ucb-bar>
The Chisel user group:
<https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/chisel-users>
=====================================================
Some items extracted from the above ucb-bar page:
A skeleton for "clean" new Chisel projects:
<https://github.com/ucb-bar/pwm-chisel-example>
Teaching processors (Simple RISC-V processors, as examples to learn Chisel):
<https://github.com/ucb-bar/riscv-sodor>
wiki for teaching processors:
<https://github.com/ucb-bar/riscv-sodor/wiki>
Test harnesses for testing Chisel modules -- [edit] warning: early version for Chisel3, which seems limited to non-interactive tests:
<https://github.com/ucb-bar/chisel-testers>
Chisel tutorial:
<https://github.com/ucb-bar/chisel-tutorial>
Chisel-doc repository, with its own makefile, that builds documentation:
<https://github.com/ucb-bar/chisel-doc> | Will update the answer with more link of various docs/tutorials regarding Chisel -
Chisel tutorial PDF file - <https://inst.eecs.berkeley.edu/~cs250/sp17/handouts/chisel-tutorial.pdf> |
538 | As part of a homework assignment, we are implementing the Inverse Filter. Degrade an image then recover with an Inverse Filter.
I convolve the image in the spatial domain with a 5x5 box filter. I FFT the filter, FFT the degraded image, then divide the degraded image by the filter. Inverse FFT the result into an image and I get garbage.
If I FFT the image, FFT the filter, multiply the two, divide that result by the FFT'd filter, obviously I get very close to the original image. ((X\*Y)/Y ~== X)
I have an inkling the math is not as simple as "spatially convolved == FFT multiplication".
What is is the correct way to use the Inverse Filter? I have the exact kernel used degrade the image. I'm not adding any noise.
Bovik's textbook, *The Essential Guide to Image Processing* is almost completely dismissive of the Inverse Filter. Gonzalez&Woods is a bit more hopeful but almost immediately skips to the Wiener Filter.
I have a similar question on stackoverflow.com
<https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7930803/inverse-filter-of-spatially-convolved-versus-frequency-convolved-image>
(This questions should also be tagged [homework] but the tag doesn't exist yet and I haven't the rep to create it.)
EDIT. For some of the great suggestions below.
@dipan-mehta Before I FFT, I am padding the convolution kernel to the same size as the image. I'm putting the kernel into the upper left. I ifft(ifftshift()) then save to an image and I get a good result. I've done the ifft(ifftshift()) on both the kernel and the image. Good(ish) results. (Images are in my <https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7930803/inverse-filter-of-spatially-convolved-versus-frequency-convolved-image> question.)
@jason-r is probably correct. I don't understand the mathematics of the underlying convolution + transform. "Deconvolution" was a new word for me. Still have much to learn. Thanks for the help!
My solution for the homework assignment is to do everything in the frequency domain. I spoke with the professor. I was making the assignment harder than necessary. She wanted us to add noise then try the Inverse Filter, Wiener Filter, and Constrained Least Squares Filter. The point of the exercise was to see how the filters handled noise. | 2011/10/29 | [
"https://dsp.stackexchange.com/questions/538",
"https://dsp.stackexchange.com",
"https://dsp.stackexchange.com/users/340/"
] | There's a couple subquestions that I'll address separately:
* Convolution in the spatial domain (or correspondingly in the time domain for time-sampled signals) is equivalent to multiplication in the frequency domain. In sampled systems, there are some subtleties to boundary cases (i.e. when using the DFT, multiplication in the frequency domain actually gives you circular convolution, not linear convolution), but in general, it really is that simple.
* Pure inverse filtering is almost never the right solution in practice. In most cases, you don't have access to the exact filter that has been applied to your data, so you can't simply invert it anyway. Even if you do know the filter, then it's still problematic. Consider the fact that the filter may have zeros at certain spatial frequencies; if it does, then after applying the filter to your image, all information at those frequencies is lost. If you naively invert that filter, it will have infinite (or at least very high) gain at those nulls. If you then apply the naive inverse to an image that has any additive content at those frequencies (e.g. noise, which is likely to be the case), then that unwatned component will be greatly amplified. This is generally not desirable.
This inverse-filtering problem is very similar to equalization in communications systems, where this phenomenon is referred to as *noise enhancement*. In that context, the inverse-filter approach is referred to as a [zero-forcing equalizer](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero_Forcing_Equalizer), which is rarely actually used.
* The area that you're exploring is known more generally as [deconvolution](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deconvolution). As a general rule, deconvolution is a tricky operation. Even if you know the exact filter that was applied and want to undo it, it's not always that easy. As you noted, the inverse filter approach is usually brushed aside in favor of a [Wiener filter](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiener_filter) or some other structure that aims not to *exactly* invert the system, but instead to estimate what the input to the system was while minimizing some error criterion (minimizing mean-squared error is a common goal). As you might expect, applying a Wiener filter to this problem is referred to as [Wiener deconvolution](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiener_deconvolution). | I hope you have not made mistake in the way computation is done for -
>
> I convolve the image in the spatial domain with a 5x5 box filter. I
> FFT the filter, FFT the degraded image, then divide the degraded image
> by the filter. Inverse FFT the result into an image and I get garbage.
>
>
>
Suppose your image is 256x256 size, and Filter is 5x5 - in order to apply the Filtering by multiplying the FFTs, you must first convert the filter into equivalent size first. For this, you must keep 5x5 box filter at the "TOP corner" (not center of the image) and pad it rest with **zeros** to fill 256x256 - you should get an FFT of 256x256 for the filter.
To help diagnose, in programming
step #1 - first just take 256x256 FFT of filter alone and check if the IFFT - routine is able to give you back the filter. Same way test if FFT --> IFFT of image itself works backwards properly.
Step #2 - if you only apply filter (and no inverse filter) in the FFT domain by multiplying - check the resultant image after IFFT is fine. It should be basically blurred image.
If all your programming is correct - please ensure that when you do 1/x for FFT co-efficient there are no divide by zero error, and conversely when there is too much peaking the multiplications results in heavy distortions.
In general - for any *stable* filter, the inverse filter by definition unstable - this could be the primary reason. However, i would always like to cross check implementation before exploring theoretical limits.
If done well, i have seen multiplication in FFT *is* convolution in sample space both for images as well as audio signals.
Dipan. |
342,400 | How does a routing and remote access server pick up routes to advertise to clients, and where can a list of routes being provided be reviewed?
One of our users is reporting that the server is advertising a route which is valid, but has never been entered in the static routes section of the RRAS server, or told/provided to them at any time. In fact the static route section is currently empty.
RIP is not configured at this time, so its not coming from there that I can tell.
we are using PPTP, not l2tp. | 2011/12/19 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/342400",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/11087/"
] | There is no way to push routes from a PPTP server. The connection is established and configured using IPCP, the PPP Internet Protocol Control Protocol defined in [RFC 1332](http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1332.txt). In fact, its very name ("Point to Point") implies that you won't find any support for routing.
Which routes are available depend entirely on the client-side configuration. There are three different ways to configure the client.
1. Use default gateway on remote network. This allows you to access all remote networks, but prevents you from accessing local networks.
2. Class-based route addition. If you aren't using method #1, then most clients will set up a route based on the IP address of the PPTP adapter.
3. For Windows clients, you can use [CMAK](http://blogs.technet.com/b/rrasblog/archive/2007/06/11/split-tunnelling-using-cmak.aspx) to configure a connection profile and deploy that to your VPN clients. Essentially you are creating a script to add custom routes when the PPTP connection is open. | Part of the pptp exchange can include a route. You can also configure windows to download a route-file which can have as many custom routes as you want. Honestly, I would not suggest using PPTP in a production environment, as it has some known security flaws and is not as reliable as L2TP over IPSEC. |
213,104 | I remember an old advert for the original Borderlands about how there were a "Bajillion" different guns you could find. Obviously this was for marketing purposes. (According to Gearbox the first Borderlands had 17,750,000 and Borderlands 2 had "many more" with a wider variety)
My question: How many different variations of guns are there in Borderlands the Pre-Sequel? | 2015/04/08 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/213104",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/106313/"
] | Finally I figured it out.
When you hit an enemy vehicle or player with the tracking dart, it appears highlighted in red and it is permanently marked on the minimap. But beyond that, if a vehicle is hit by a tracking dart it can be acquired as a target from smart aiming weapons.
It is a new weapon, not present in Battlefield 4 so I was unaware of its behaviour. | There can be 2 reasons even if i dont know if both get a red highlighting
**1. Hotwire Game Mode**
>
> Hotwire is an objective game mode in Battlefield Hardline. It's basically a mobile, high-speed version of Conquest.
>
>
> The criminals are trying to steal a list of marked Vehicles while the cops are trying to repossess them. These marked cars are the main objective points of the game mode. Get inside a marked vehicle and drive around at high speeds to "capture" them.
>
>
>
**2. Spotting**
>
> Spotting is a useful tactic in Battlefield Hardline's Multiplayer. Use
> the spot button while looking at an enemy Agent or vehicle to tag them
> for your team. If an Agent is tagged, they will have a red upside-down
> triangle over their head. If a vehicle is tagged, they will be marked
> with a red star and a small red icon of the vehicle.
>
>
>
I've to say that i just played the beta but never the released version so it could have been changed from beta to release. |
146,142 | There are 12 endings - 3 different narrations for each of the 4 choices... What exactly changes this?
Killing enemies? How many do you need to kill to get the neutral ending? What about "innocents"? Notable NPCs?
How do the quests factor into this (saving people, defusing the bomb near the start)? Dialogue? Does being an a\*\*\*\*\*\* factor into this?
I already got the good narrations, so you can drop spoilers here and there. | 2013/12/14 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/146142",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/63164/"
] | There are four separate endings based on what you choose at the end:
* "It was something in the water": follow Bill Taggart's ending and cover up the truth, blaming Neuropozyne poisoning as the reason for everything that happened
* "Terrorists did it": follow David Sarif's request and blame Humanity Front
* "I want to believe": follow Hugh Darrrow's request and reveal the truth about what happened to the public
* "The truth is out there": blow it all up by activating the self destruct mechanism aboard Panchaea
Additionally, the narration changes based on how you played the game:
* Evil ending: If you murdered everybody, Jensen will talk about abuse of power
* Neutral ending: If you killed a few people, Jensen will talk about how he tried to do the right thing
* Good ending: If you succeeded at pacifist, Jensen will talk about how the detractors of transhumanisation are wrong in their beliefs
If you're specifically after the neutral endings, don't go crazy with killing people. I'm not sure there are any actual figures available for how many people you have to kill before you're classified as evil, but not purposely going out and murdering everything I saw was how I got the neutral endings. | Actually I've got neutral ending after killing every killable NPC I've found, except for 'has to survive' quest-related NPCs, which I've killed after receiving quest reward.
Maybe my methods were wrong? I've mostly gone delicate takedown to get 'merciful soul' and keep quiet, then nailed 'em with silenced pistol. For me it's a really evil playthrough.
Or maybe being bad in-quest boy is required to become indepth evil? |
46,431 | I live in the Caribbean, and while riding bike, I saw this tree:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/sIReH.jpg)
So I cut a small branch:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/4YdQu.jpg)
Can I replant this branch? Can it somehow be replanted in a pot?
Thanks. | 2019/06/22 | [
"https://gardening.stackexchange.com/questions/46431",
"https://gardening.stackexchange.com",
"https://gardening.stackexchange.com/users/14590/"
] | From your pictures, it looks the leaves are from two different plants.
the top one is probably some species of lagerstromeria, maybe L. speciosa.....around here, they're called crepe myrtles.
the second pic is from something else, the leaves are completely different....maybe an albizia or acacia. Looks very much like an alibizia, except for the seed pods. If it is an albizia, it may be very difficult to propagate from cuttings | It may need some rooting compound, and to prevent dehydration you should remove the leaves, but you're on the right track. |
85,993 | So, I was reading an article today, and I came across a sentence that went
>
> Keep walking, and you will find yourself walking past shops that **sell** everything, from steel trunks to conch shells.
>
>
>
And I was wondering, if I changed the sentence to
>
> Keep walking, and you will find yourself walking past shops **selling** everything, from steel trunks to conch shells.
>
>
>
would it mean the same as the original sentence? Or would there be a difference in the meaning? | 2016/03/29 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/85993",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/27312/"
] | **They have the same meaning.**
"Shops that sell everything" is describing the shops. 'They sell everything.'
"Shops selling everything" is having the shops perform an action. 'They are currently selling everything'
The only difference is that the second sentence seem to imply that they are currently selling, although few people would assume that. But generally either one is acceptable. Most speakers would assume "currently" means when they are open. | Yes they are equivalent in meaning.
The argument could be made by pendants that this only holds if the shops are currently engaged in business, but as a native speaker it would be a complete toss up which version I used, even if I was speaking at the dead of night, about shops that were closed. |
78,079 | I accidentally left my groceries out on the counter for an hour. Some frozen fish and frozen fruits and vegetables. Are they still good? Especially the fish? | 2017/02/03 | [
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/questions/78079",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/users/54303/"
] | It's all still safe, given that it was only an hour. Even very perishable food like fish and meat is safe for 2-4 hours in the danger zone (above 40F/5C), so even if it had fully thawed it'd be okay. If it was all still clearly frozen on the surface, you have absolutely nothing to worry about.
If some of it was thawed on the surface, it's still okay, but note that the time limit in the danger zone is cumulative. So in that case, when you do use it, I'd be sure to avoid letting it sit out thawed before cooking, or after cooking. But it would all still be fine.
All you really have to worry about here is quality. If things thawed significantly, and then you refreeze them, the texture will suffer. Things are likely to get mushier, especially vegetables. They'll still be safe, just not as good. So if anything seems to have thawed, I'd try to use it immediately instead of refreezing. | If every thing is still cold you should be ok. If the fish is still a little frozen you can go ahead and put it in the freezer. If it is completely thawed I would eat it with in a couple of days. |
78,079 | I accidentally left my groceries out on the counter for an hour. Some frozen fish and frozen fruits and vegetables. Are they still good? Especially the fish? | 2017/02/03 | [
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/questions/78079",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/users/54303/"
] | It's all still safe, given that it was only an hour. Even very perishable food like fish and meat is safe for 2-4 hours in the danger zone (above 40F/5C), so even if it had fully thawed it'd be okay. If it was all still clearly frozen on the surface, you have absolutely nothing to worry about.
If some of it was thawed on the surface, it's still okay, but note that the time limit in the danger zone is cumulative. So in that case, when you do use it, I'd be sure to avoid letting it sit out thawed before cooking, or after cooking. But it would all still be fine.
All you really have to worry about here is quality. If things thawed significantly, and then you refreeze them, the texture will suffer. Things are likely to get mushier, especially vegetables. They'll still be safe, just not as good. So if anything seems to have thawed, I'd try to use it immediately instead of refreezing. | you don't say how frozen/defrosted the fish is. Here is a guide to [shelf life](http://stilltasty.com/questions/index/132/page:1) which could help. Your fruits will, if defrosted and then re-frozen be a bit more mushy and possibly watery when defrosted again.
Your fish however is another matter, if it has de-frosted **do not** re-freeze. Here is a statement from the above site. 'Finally, if you thawed the fish fillets on the counter or in hot water, you shouldn’t eat them at all. The USDA cautions that it’s dangerous to eat any fish that’s been thawed under those two methods, as the outer layer of the food would have been allowed to sit between the bacteria-breeding temperatures of 40° F and 140° F for far too long to be safe.' Also 'Refreezing is not an option, though, if the fish wasn’t thawed in the refrigerator to begin with.'.
--- |
78,079 | I accidentally left my groceries out on the counter for an hour. Some frozen fish and frozen fruits and vegetables. Are they still good? Especially the fish? | 2017/02/03 | [
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/questions/78079",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/users/54303/"
] | It's all still safe, given that it was only an hour. Even very perishable food like fish and meat is safe for 2-4 hours in the danger zone (above 40F/5C), so even if it had fully thawed it'd be okay. If it was all still clearly frozen on the surface, you have absolutely nothing to worry about.
If some of it was thawed on the surface, it's still okay, but note that the time limit in the danger zone is cumulative. So in that case, when you do use it, I'd be sure to avoid letting it sit out thawed before cooking, or after cooking. But it would all still be fine.
All you really have to worry about here is quality. If things thawed significantly, and then you refreeze them, the texture will suffer. Things are likely to get mushier, especially vegetables. They'll still be safe, just not as good. So if anything seems to have thawed, I'd try to use it immediately instead of refreezing. | During an ice storm, in 2009, we had no electricity for 2 weeks. A friend made it to my house to run a generator for me, to keep my frozen foods from going bad, and I wondered if it was all OK. I was told by the local farm bureau and food safety people that if it is still COLD, but thawed, it can be refrozen. Look closely for any ice still left- any signs of still being partially frozen. As said above, texture may be not prime, but it is food safety to be concerned about. If not still very cold, cook immediately, or throw away. Any foods such as fish or meats should then be cooked well done, to add another measure of safety.
I cooked some of my frozen foods in my wood furnace, threw a little away, but most made it. |
254,547 | I just finished a project and rebooted my computer. It didn't want to boot anymore so I had to use the Windows 7 system repair option. It ran for a minute and then booted up. Now most of my source code from the last 4 days of work is gone!
Background: sometimes (most often after installing new software) my notebook won't boot up anymore. It will just show the little Windows 7 flag, but not read from the hard disk anymore. If I hard-abort and reboot then, it asks me whether to start Windows normally (which won't work) or to run "Windows startup repair". If I run it, it does some stuff for about two or three minutes and then I can boot Windows again. Usually after this, .exe files I added to the computer during previous days are gone - but other files so far were not touched.
But now, after this happened, a whole bunch of ".as" (ActionScript source files) from my project are gone!
Does anyone know where and whether there's a way to recover them? | 2011/03/07 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/254547",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/70622/"
] | You should check and see if "Restore Previous Versions" shows anything on the folders in question. | It unlinks the references, your best guess is to go for a free combiantion of TestDisk and Photorec or a paid forensics solution like WinHEX. See my [**nearly finished recovery post here**](https://superuser.com/questions/241817/how-do-i-recover-lost-inacessible-data-from-my-storage-device), and set up version control and incremental back-ups next time to secure yourself... ;-)
Also, as your notebook sometimes doesn't boot; check your hard drive with above link and your other hardware too, or you might meet a more serious problem later these days. |
254,547 | I just finished a project and rebooted my computer. It didn't want to boot anymore so I had to use the Windows 7 system repair option. It ran for a minute and then booted up. Now most of my source code from the last 4 days of work is gone!
Background: sometimes (most often after installing new software) my notebook won't boot up anymore. It will just show the little Windows 7 flag, but not read from the hard disk anymore. If I hard-abort and reboot then, it asks me whether to start Windows normally (which won't work) or to run "Windows startup repair". If I run it, it does some stuff for about two or three minutes and then I can boot Windows again. Usually after this, .exe files I added to the computer during previous days are gone - but other files so far were not touched.
But now, after this happened, a whole bunch of ".as" (ActionScript source files) from my project are gone!
Does anyone know where and whether there's a way to recover them? | 2011/03/07 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/254547",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/70622/"
] | AFAIK there's no way to recover your data without using "forensic tools" like [TestDisk](http://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/TestDisk) assuming that
* you did not use version control (SVN, GIT, etc)
* you don't have a (recent) backup
Just a few tips for the future:
1. If you work on critical data always assure that you have a recent backup! **Always**!
2. Use a version control tool!
3. If your machine begins to show errors or behave strangely: Fix the problems immediately. If you must: reinstall your OS and recover your data from a backup but **never** work with a clearly broken OS.
[edit no. 1]
Another urgent hint:
If you really want to recover data **stop using the partition in question immediately**!
Boot from a LiveCD and use `dd` or some equivalent tool do create a disk image of your partition. Otherwise you can accidentally overwrite the data you might want to recover, just by using your disk. When you boot your OS it usually writes data to the disk (logs, etc.) so it may overwrite your data.
If you try to recover the missing data, use a copy of that disk image. Just to be sure. | You should check and see if "Restore Previous Versions" shows anything on the folders in question. |
254,547 | I just finished a project and rebooted my computer. It didn't want to boot anymore so I had to use the Windows 7 system repair option. It ran for a minute and then booted up. Now most of my source code from the last 4 days of work is gone!
Background: sometimes (most often after installing new software) my notebook won't boot up anymore. It will just show the little Windows 7 flag, but not read from the hard disk anymore. If I hard-abort and reboot then, it asks me whether to start Windows normally (which won't work) or to run "Windows startup repair". If I run it, it does some stuff for about two or three minutes and then I can boot Windows again. Usually after this, .exe files I added to the computer during previous days are gone - but other files so far were not touched.
But now, after this happened, a whole bunch of ".as" (ActionScript source files) from my project are gone!
Does anyone know where and whether there's a way to recover them? | 2011/03/07 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/254547",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/70622/"
] | AFAIK there's no way to recover your data without using "forensic tools" like [TestDisk](http://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/TestDisk) assuming that
* you did not use version control (SVN, GIT, etc)
* you don't have a (recent) backup
Just a few tips for the future:
1. If you work on critical data always assure that you have a recent backup! **Always**!
2. Use a version control tool!
3. If your machine begins to show errors or behave strangely: Fix the problems immediately. If you must: reinstall your OS and recover your data from a backup but **never** work with a clearly broken OS.
[edit no. 1]
Another urgent hint:
If you really want to recover data **stop using the partition in question immediately**!
Boot from a LiveCD and use `dd` or some equivalent tool do create a disk image of your partition. Otherwise you can accidentally overwrite the data you might want to recover, just by using your disk. When you boot your OS it usually writes data to the disk (logs, etc.) so it may overwrite your data.
If you try to recover the missing data, use a copy of that disk image. Just to be sure. | It unlinks the references, your best guess is to go for a free combiantion of TestDisk and Photorec or a paid forensics solution like WinHEX. See my [**nearly finished recovery post here**](https://superuser.com/questions/241817/how-do-i-recover-lost-inacessible-data-from-my-storage-device), and set up version control and incremental back-ups next time to secure yourself... ;-)
Also, as your notebook sometimes doesn't boot; check your hard drive with above link and your other hardware too, or you might meet a more serious problem later these days. |
254,547 | I just finished a project and rebooted my computer. It didn't want to boot anymore so I had to use the Windows 7 system repair option. It ran for a minute and then booted up. Now most of my source code from the last 4 days of work is gone!
Background: sometimes (most often after installing new software) my notebook won't boot up anymore. It will just show the little Windows 7 flag, but not read from the hard disk anymore. If I hard-abort and reboot then, it asks me whether to start Windows normally (which won't work) or to run "Windows startup repair". If I run it, it does some stuff for about two or three minutes and then I can boot Windows again. Usually after this, .exe files I added to the computer during previous days are gone - but other files so far were not touched.
But now, after this happened, a whole bunch of ".as" (ActionScript source files) from my project are gone!
Does anyone know where and whether there's a way to recover them? | 2011/03/07 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/254547",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/70622/"
] | If you're fortunate, the restore did not write over your existing data. Maybe I've been lucky in the past, but I've found Windows to write to empty sectors of the disk. This means that even though a file is deleted, its not really deleted; just the pointer to the file is deleted.
I've had great success in recovering files using a couple of file recovery resources. Most recently I used [Reuva](http://www.piriform.com/recuva) to recover several years worth of photos for a friend when her hdd crashed. Recuva is free. There are some commercial file restore applications as well.
Whatever you do, do not install any file recovery program onto your existing disk. You'll either want to find one that will boot from a USB device or simply attach the hdd to another machine that has the file recovery program installed. | It unlinks the references, your best guess is to go for a free combiantion of TestDisk and Photorec or a paid forensics solution like WinHEX. See my [**nearly finished recovery post here**](https://superuser.com/questions/241817/how-do-i-recover-lost-inacessible-data-from-my-storage-device), and set up version control and incremental back-ups next time to secure yourself... ;-)
Also, as your notebook sometimes doesn't boot; check your hard drive with above link and your other hardware too, or you might meet a more serious problem later these days. |
254,547 | I just finished a project and rebooted my computer. It didn't want to boot anymore so I had to use the Windows 7 system repair option. It ran for a minute and then booted up. Now most of my source code from the last 4 days of work is gone!
Background: sometimes (most often after installing new software) my notebook won't boot up anymore. It will just show the little Windows 7 flag, but not read from the hard disk anymore. If I hard-abort and reboot then, it asks me whether to start Windows normally (which won't work) or to run "Windows startup repair". If I run it, it does some stuff for about two or three minutes and then I can boot Windows again. Usually after this, .exe files I added to the computer during previous days are gone - but other files so far were not touched.
But now, after this happened, a whole bunch of ".as" (ActionScript source files) from my project are gone!
Does anyone know where and whether there's a way to recover them? | 2011/03/07 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/254547",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/70622/"
] | AFAIK there's no way to recover your data without using "forensic tools" like [TestDisk](http://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/TestDisk) assuming that
* you did not use version control (SVN, GIT, etc)
* you don't have a (recent) backup
Just a few tips for the future:
1. If you work on critical data always assure that you have a recent backup! **Always**!
2. Use a version control tool!
3. If your machine begins to show errors or behave strangely: Fix the problems immediately. If you must: reinstall your OS and recover your data from a backup but **never** work with a clearly broken OS.
[edit no. 1]
Another urgent hint:
If you really want to recover data **stop using the partition in question immediately**!
Boot from a LiveCD and use `dd` or some equivalent tool do create a disk image of your partition. Otherwise you can accidentally overwrite the data you might want to recover, just by using your disk. When you boot your OS it usually writes data to the disk (logs, etc.) so it may overwrite your data.
If you try to recover the missing data, use a copy of that disk image. Just to be sure. | If you're fortunate, the restore did not write over your existing data. Maybe I've been lucky in the past, but I've found Windows to write to empty sectors of the disk. This means that even though a file is deleted, its not really deleted; just the pointer to the file is deleted.
I've had great success in recovering files using a couple of file recovery resources. Most recently I used [Reuva](http://www.piriform.com/recuva) to recover several years worth of photos for a friend when her hdd crashed. Recuva is free. There are some commercial file restore applications as well.
Whatever you do, do not install any file recovery program onto your existing disk. You'll either want to find one that will boot from a USB device or simply attach the hdd to another machine that has the file recovery program installed. |
157,410 | I've got a number of machines to upgrade from Vista to Win 7, but the users have an option of also replacing their platter drives with (smaller) SSD's. Ideally I'd like to do these at the same time but I'm not sure what the best way to go about it is.
I would assume doing some sort of Norton Ghost-ian copy from HD to SSD, but pre or post upgrade? Post seems like it will be fewer SSD writes, but pre gives me a backup in case something goes awry.
I can't actually USE Ghost since we don't own it, so FOSS alternative suggestions welcome there, too. | 2010/07/04 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/157410",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/-1/"
] | I recently did this exact same thing. I installed an SSD in my computer and upgraded from Vista to Windows 7. In my case, I installed the SSD side-by-side with the regular drive. I then used Ghost to copy the contents to the new SSD drive. I changed the BIOS to boot the new drive and I was done with the SSD install. I then performed an upgrade to Windows 7 on the SSD drive.
It has been really handy having the original drive in the same computer. I've been slowly cleaning out the old drive as I get comfortable with the Windows 7 install. So far, I haven't had any major issues. Another developer, however, upgraded from XP to Windows 7 and she's had more trouble. Her biggest issue has been with old XP drivers that are not compatible with Windows 7.
I wouldn't worry too much about the SSD fatigue. We've been running SSD for about a year in a number of computers and they have survived just fine. We've had multiple OS installs and at least one XP to Windows 7 upgrade.
If you don't have Ghost, [Clonezilla](http://sourceforge.net/projects/clonezilla/) is a great alternative. I've used it at home and work. It's not quite as simple as Ghost for straight NTFS partitions, but it's not bad either. There's a live CD that puts all the tools in one place that makes it pretty easy. | I would do them separately, in the interest of simplicity.
It really doesn't matter which you do first, although I suspect that doing the SSD upgrades first would make the Win7 upgrade go faster. Depending on the brand, hard drives come with a utility to "clone" from the old drive to the new drive. Alternatively, there is a disk imaging/cloning tool in the (free) [Helix3](https://www.e-fense.com/store/index.php?_a=viewProd&productId=11) forensic toolkit that works like a charm.
Whether to automate the Win7 upgrade depends on how many computers you are talking about. An interesting (and free) tool called [vLite](http://www.intowindows.com/how-to-create-unattended-windows-7-installation-setup/) makes unattended Windows installs relatively easy, although you still have to touch each computer. |
157,410 | I've got a number of machines to upgrade from Vista to Win 7, but the users have an option of also replacing their platter drives with (smaller) SSD's. Ideally I'd like to do these at the same time but I'm not sure what the best way to go about it is.
I would assume doing some sort of Norton Ghost-ian copy from HD to SSD, but pre or post upgrade? Post seems like it will be fewer SSD writes, but pre gives me a backup in case something goes awry.
I can't actually USE Ghost since we don't own it, so FOSS alternative suggestions welcome there, too. | 2010/07/04 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/157410",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/-1/"
] | Clean install and the tool Microsoft bundle with Windows to migrate user data from one machine to another. Not quite the kind of answer you might have been looking for but you'll thank me later I reckon. It still gives you a fallback plan if things go wrong and it gets around the problem of needing a Ghost clone but not having one, too.
You'll get a more consistent machine "state" this way, and as SSD sizes are still typically smaller than a 'traditional' disk, I think it's also worth it for the space you'll save too - there's always some 'cruft' left behind during an upgrade. | I would do them separately, in the interest of simplicity.
It really doesn't matter which you do first, although I suspect that doing the SSD upgrades first would make the Win7 upgrade go faster. Depending on the brand, hard drives come with a utility to "clone" from the old drive to the new drive. Alternatively, there is a disk imaging/cloning tool in the (free) [Helix3](https://www.e-fense.com/store/index.php?_a=viewProd&productId=11) forensic toolkit that works like a charm.
Whether to automate the Win7 upgrade depends on how many computers you are talking about. An interesting (and free) tool called [vLite](http://www.intowindows.com/how-to-create-unattended-windows-7-installation-setup/) makes unattended Windows installs relatively easy, although you still have to touch each computer. |
13,349,749 | Alright so I have an app that I would like to have utilize other apps. For example I have an app that does quite a number of things except for a directory look up since there is already an app that does that for my school. I know I can launch the application with intents, but that also brings them away from the navigation menu for my application. Is there anyway that I could run an app inside a view layout. I am not hopeful for this but I figured I would chance asking it anyway. | 2012/11/12 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/13349749",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/802302/"
] | This is technically possible by using widgets. You can implement an [AppWidgetHost](http://developer.android.com/reference/android/appwidget/AppWidgetHost.html), and other applications can create [App Widgets](http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/appwidgets/index.html) to use inside your own app. This is how the launcher screen in Android works.
This, of course, will only work if other applications in question implement widgets. So, the general answer to your question would be no, it is not possible to host arbitrary applications or Views/Activities from other applications inside your own. | This not the Android design philosophy. You should send an Intent to the directory app, which I hope is designed to look up a result and then return it to you. The mechanism is startActivityForResult() in your app, and setResult() in the directory app. |
16,899 | I recently joined as a team leader in a new company and the project manager assigned me five subordinates for this project. My problem is that I always feel afraid of handling the team as I don't know my powers and feel helpless. I am not aware what powers I have to make subordinates listen and follow my decisions.
I am a very simple person and for me it is difficult to shout at team members even if they are doing something wrong. I always phrase things as requests not commands. My subordinates often take advantage of this. I feel that the reason behind this is that I don't know my powers. Internally I feel that if I show them their mistakes they will become aggressive, shout at me, or complain about me to my project manager.
I would like to resolve this issue with a positive approach which doesn't harm my relationship with my subordinates, but that makes sure that they will complete their tasks.
Some examples of the different situations when internally I feel angry but at the same time helpless:
1. There are some tasks that need to be done, but subordinates chat with other team members instead of getting on with things. If I ask them to come to me as there is some work to do, they say okay but don't actually come until I call them a second or third time, and when they do come their body language shows aggressiveness or anger.
2. When they are doing other things instead of getting things done, they just try to give excuses for things not happening. They do this by making small things sound bigger than they are. If I try to go deeper to find out the reason, their body language shows anger and they don't respond properly to me. If I ask questions they tell me they have already answered them.
3. They don't want to stay late even if the work is not done, and they tell me their personal reasons for not staying late.
4. Three members of my team are working sincerely at present, but because of their behavior I fear they may respond to me with the same attitude in future.
I feel that if I tell all this to my project manager he will think that I am not capable of handling the team and it will be taken negatively. | 2013/11/24 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/16899",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/788/"
] | Team lead can be a lot of different things, so I'm going to throw out some basic assumptions for your office:
* Someone contributes to the decisions and documentation regarding how well people do their jobs, and what the reward/penalty should be - that includes performance reviews, raises, incentive pay, promotions, the granting or revocation of official privileges (for example sometimes only top performers can work at home). My bet is that as team lead you can influence these decisions, but you are not the actual decision maker
* The project manager has overall accountability for the cost, schedule and deliverables of the project and at what quality level the project is completed.
* As the team lead, your core area is to be a subject matter expert in how the work should get done, whether your team has the resources they need, and the tasking of who does what within your sphere. Resources are probably both internal things (like experience, knowledge and skills) and external things like access to tools, equipment, access rights, etc.
The reason I highlight this is a key to using power is to know what power is really yours. If I'm right in the basic assumptions - a key area of your power is deciding who gets to do what in their role. There's generally choice work that is more exciting and then some boring stuff that no one is thrilled about. That's a real non-monetary driver.
Here's a few different strategies varying from very gentle to a bit more aggressive.
**Reward good work**
It sounds like you've got some team members with a fine attitude and some with a problem. Make sure that those who are working well get rewarded. In particular, if someone has proven themselves to be diligent, hardworking and honest:
* Don't second guess their judgement. It's OK to ask questions so that you understand a situation, but don't second guess someone who's proven that they can perform in terms of time estimates or how hard something is.
* Give them your time and attention when they ask - make sure that folks who are performing are a priority when they have an honest issue.
* Talk to them about what they like doing, what they want to do and what their ambitions are and try where possible to give them appropriate and challenging assignments.
* Keep them in mind for good opportunities like training or a chance to try something new.
It's not "privileged" treatment if you are rewarding good work. When a non-performing team member asks for or demands similar rights, return to the behaviors that have been a problem and point out that you're not OK with giving them new opportunities when they can't finish current work on time.
**Don't Join In**
Seems obvious I know. But don't contribute to the situation - don't make a habit of long chats, and don't let a meeting time slip because of chatter. If you've asked once for people to get to the meeting, walk into the meeting area, close the door and start.
**Know and make clear the difference between asking and telling**
Asking for input is good - as a team lead, you won't know everything about how the work gets done. Ask the team for honest assessments of scope and possible impediments. Feel free to question things that seem crazy, but do ask.
But draw a line between the asking part of the conversation and the telling. If you have a specific task and a hard deadline, this is a job requirement, not a favor or a polite request. The company is paying the employee and in return he's agreed to do this work. Make sure that when you give a task it is clear that it is an assigned thing, given clearly and with a deadline. "I need this by X date" not "could you do this by x date?", "I'd really like it soon, OK?" or "how about this thing by around this date maybe?" Being clear and direct is not being a jerk, it's avoiding ambiguity. That's your job, and for many people it's a relief to know exactly what they need to do and when.
You can even reinforce it by writing it down - if you meet in person, follow up with an email that says each assignment, so it's written and unambiguous. If you're having a real hard time getting follow through, CC any member of management you need - the Project Manager, the bigger boss, who ever it takes. That way the person can see that not only are you telling them what to do, but all parts of management see it too.
**Collaborate with the Resource Management**
You've got some bad performance behaviors here. Check in with who ever IS the resource management (the person doing reviews, figuring out raises, etc.) and give the feedback of your issues. Be very sure of how this feedback impacts the success of the project. Just because someone is annoying is not a good reason to complain, but when social conversations + an unwillingness to compensate with longer hours leads to slips in project schedule - there's a problem. You can certainly give feedback directly to the people who have the problems, but when you've done that once or twice, it's time to go to the resource manager and get help.
If you ARE the person writing the reviews, get a check in with your boss on how to proceed both with writing the review and with follow on action.
The key here is to have the people with a problem realize that you are not a lone crazy person - you are part of the management structure and behavior that leads to slips in productivity are a company problem. Just because you are new and unknown does not mean your perspective is invalid, and if the company believes in your abilities as a manager, the rest of the managers around you should be able to back you up.
**Stand up for yourself.**
I have NEVER found it necessary to yell, bang my fist, stomp around or be otherwise angry and authoritative. What I do find is that I must be clear, honest and direct while remaining in control. There's different language and formats for this based on whether you are dealing with a public situation or a private one on one conversation - but either way, there should not be a reason to raise your voice. I strongly advocate being factual and directly tying the problems together. Here's some examples:
* Do Say: "I've been listening to this conversation for half an hour, you all started at 10:30 and it's now ll. I've also seen it happen 4 out of 5 days this week. I know you all want to leave on time, but have to get work done."
+ Don't say: "it seems like you guys have been talking for ages. This happens all the time. Can we please get some work done?"
* Do say: "we agreed to this deadline three weeks ago. We've talked about it every week, and every time we talk, you say it's all good and you're making progress. Now we're three days from the deadline and this is the first time I hear it can't get done in time. I understand the need for personal commitments, but at what point can you make finishing this task a priority?"
+ Don't say: "hey, we've known for a long time that you had to do this. Can't you get it done this week?"
On some level, there is a point where you are basically saying "I'm the leader, and I have authority. You can do what I'm asking from you, or I can figure out how to get you out of my team and probably out of this company - what you do from here is your choice." Put this way, it sounds like a threat, but it doesn't have to. Simply asking for what is needed, calmly and clearly can generally be enough.
If you don't get emotional, you have a much greater chance of the employee not getting emotional either - shouting matches have to get started by someone - don't let it be you, keep cool. If the employee starts the shouting, ask them to stop. If they won't, disengage the conversation and suggest that you continue it when they have cooled down. This is not very far from dealing with a child who is throwing a tantrum - don't add to the emotions with your own input - demand and expect mature behavior and make it clear that calm behavior is a requirement.
If you see a bad pattern, you will likely have to express this in a private conversation. Often performance problems are not a single bad day or occurrence but a pattern of not getting enough work done over a long time span. So what becomes necessary is to put all the observations together and then direct the focus to getting tasks accomplished. Once you get into this zone, you need to be crystal clear yourself on what your authority level. Sometimes a team lead is not allowed to have a conversation this direct, if they are not the supervisor of the employee.
**Keep Notes**
When I have a performance issue, I take an obsessive number of notes. The only way I can be precise with people about a problem in a pattern is to actually know the pattern. So when I have periodic checkins in a problem area, I have notes on when I checked in, with who and what they told me. When I have repeated issues with long chatter and frequent personal life conflicts - I start saving emails and making a note about the chatter start time/end time.
While I normally am not precise on details, the ability to give specific honest feedback is really important and worth the effort when there's a problem. We all gloss details so it may very well be that the people with problems don't even realize why there's such a big issue.
**Asking your boss**
Some of the politics above are not clear in all offices - but the person YOU directly report to should be clear. I'd advocate going to your boss at any time - they are always a good person to ask on office culture and politics stuff, and the issues here the types of team change/growing pains that can take a bit of coaching for a new team lead. It's entirely appropriate to ask for help, get vetting on your intended next steps, and to report on issues that are brewing.
Things to consider:
* It's never bad to have a plan in mind. Even if your plan seems rather crazy, at least it shows you are trying and that you are taking responsibility.
* Most management advice will require that you make the words your own. Many bosses will give you examples of ways to approach the situation - realize that repeating the words verbatim is almost never a win - if you believe in an approach that your boss offers, make the words your own, so that you are speaking from your own beliefs.
* There may be do's and don'ts in how the company would like you to deal with issues - be clear with your boss on when you MUST handle something in a specific way (or MUST NOT handle it in a certain way), and when he's merely offering you an option. It's OK to ask point blank - "is that an order or an option?" | If I were you, I'd take the following approach :
1. Set deadlines on things that need to be completed.If you are in IT, then have a project plan, create status tickets and assign them to developers in question. If you are not in IT, then either maintain a white board or distribute an excel sheet keeping a track of who was assigned what - what is the current status and if there are impediments if any.
2. Depending on which stage your project is, take a daily/weekly stock check of situations and where you stand.
3. Since you already know your team is slipping out of control, keep senior management involved in where your project currently is and send them daily/weekly/monthly project updates. Always keep them in loop of your project's status.
4. Always keep an open channel of how open issues can be reported back by your team members to you.
5. If the assigned tasks aren't being completed on time you have to take a professional approach and set a yardstick of how you want to deal with these issues. Do you want to issue 2 warnings or 1 warning and put the candidate on a performance improvement plan before reporting this guy to senior management/HR ? Or take a step back and see if you have evaluated this person's capacity on the task assigned correctly and whether another employee could do this better. Your end objective is to make sure the tasks are completed.
6. In this process if you burn some bridges you need to ask yourself what is important ? Is it your relationship with your employees or your commitment/loyalty to work and your discharge of duties for the salary you are paid.
Most importantly, you need to remember that you can still be a peaceful guy and track the status of your project while you keep your project properly 'managed'. |
16,899 | I recently joined as a team leader in a new company and the project manager assigned me five subordinates for this project. My problem is that I always feel afraid of handling the team as I don't know my powers and feel helpless. I am not aware what powers I have to make subordinates listen and follow my decisions.
I am a very simple person and for me it is difficult to shout at team members even if they are doing something wrong. I always phrase things as requests not commands. My subordinates often take advantage of this. I feel that the reason behind this is that I don't know my powers. Internally I feel that if I show them their mistakes they will become aggressive, shout at me, or complain about me to my project manager.
I would like to resolve this issue with a positive approach which doesn't harm my relationship with my subordinates, but that makes sure that they will complete their tasks.
Some examples of the different situations when internally I feel angry but at the same time helpless:
1. There are some tasks that need to be done, but subordinates chat with other team members instead of getting on with things. If I ask them to come to me as there is some work to do, they say okay but don't actually come until I call them a second or third time, and when they do come their body language shows aggressiveness or anger.
2. When they are doing other things instead of getting things done, they just try to give excuses for things not happening. They do this by making small things sound bigger than they are. If I try to go deeper to find out the reason, their body language shows anger and they don't respond properly to me. If I ask questions they tell me they have already answered them.
3. They don't want to stay late even if the work is not done, and they tell me their personal reasons for not staying late.
4. Three members of my team are working sincerely at present, but because of their behavior I fear they may respond to me with the same attitude in future.
I feel that if I tell all this to my project manager he will think that I am not capable of handling the team and it will be taken negatively. | 2013/11/24 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/16899",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/788/"
] | The key thing to realize here is that it's not your job to *make* people do their work. It's your job to remove impediments by answering questions, keeping people informed, and pro-actively removing distractions.
Work with your project manager to hold people accountable. It doesn't matter if they chit chat, as long as they get their work done. It doesn't matter if they won't work late, as long as they get their work done. That needs to be your focus, and their actual manager (who has the authority) needs to get involved when people aren't getting their work done. | I feel you are being ambiguous and a little wishy-washy. I think you can use your personality to your advantage while still removing the ambiguity.
When you ask someone to complete a task, wait for a response.
You: Would you be able to get this done?
Co-worker: Okay.
Now you have their commitment.
You: This needs to be done by 4 in this format with these specifications. Can I count on you to do this?
Co-worker: Yes.
You: Great. Thanks. I'll send you an email to remind you.
Now you have removed ambiguity without feeling like you're ordering around your "subordinates." |
16,899 | I recently joined as a team leader in a new company and the project manager assigned me five subordinates for this project. My problem is that I always feel afraid of handling the team as I don't know my powers and feel helpless. I am not aware what powers I have to make subordinates listen and follow my decisions.
I am a very simple person and for me it is difficult to shout at team members even if they are doing something wrong. I always phrase things as requests not commands. My subordinates often take advantage of this. I feel that the reason behind this is that I don't know my powers. Internally I feel that if I show them their mistakes they will become aggressive, shout at me, or complain about me to my project manager.
I would like to resolve this issue with a positive approach which doesn't harm my relationship with my subordinates, but that makes sure that they will complete their tasks.
Some examples of the different situations when internally I feel angry but at the same time helpless:
1. There are some tasks that need to be done, but subordinates chat with other team members instead of getting on with things. If I ask them to come to me as there is some work to do, they say okay but don't actually come until I call them a second or third time, and when they do come their body language shows aggressiveness or anger.
2. When they are doing other things instead of getting things done, they just try to give excuses for things not happening. They do this by making small things sound bigger than they are. If I try to go deeper to find out the reason, their body language shows anger and they don't respond properly to me. If I ask questions they tell me they have already answered them.
3. They don't want to stay late even if the work is not done, and they tell me their personal reasons for not staying late.
4. Three members of my team are working sincerely at present, but because of their behavior I fear they may respond to me with the same attitude in future.
I feel that if I tell all this to my project manager he will think that I am not capable of handling the team and it will be taken negatively. | 2013/11/24 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/16899",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/788/"
] | It is not always good to take responsility of leading the team.It is quite natural that all members of the team can't be of same temprament,there are some team members who are tough and respond aggressively.With reference to your situation I would suggest to be as much calm as possible.Listen properly and then give a mature and unemotional response to your employee.I hope kind and polite response works wonders.
First of all look deeply what makes your employee aggressive,then have a detailed and thorough understanding into it.Plan your response then share with your employee. | Per comment below, this answer is focused on software development projects. Much of it applies to other project oriented teams as well. The OP is a member of a number of software discussion areas. Other moderators have asked that this be made 'generic', much of the value of this discussion will be lost in doing so.
---
You're approaching this as someone that has a supervisor and authoritative role. Set aside the idea of 'obedience', 'shouting at people', and insisting that they listen to you.
In software development it is important to get a consensus. Therefore, as the project progresses, it's important to figure out what the developers think it's going to take to get it finished. This is a mixture of time, professional development, equipment resources, test data, etc. This is a moving target given that new requirements emerge as coding progresses.
You have two groups from your description - the producers and the slackers. If at all possible, get the slackers pushed 'elsewhere' - get them off your team. Just because they're your employer's problem doesn't mean they have to be your problem. If you don't have the ability to discharge them or reassign them ask the person that does to see what can be done.
Otherwise focus on the 'producers'. If the slackers realize they're getting benched they might decide to change their ways. If they really have no interest in programming at all this won't happen. If they can do it but are bored they might get interested if it looks like the rest of the team is tuning them out.
Management in general involves a lot of measuring. On the factory floor this is units over time, downtime, etc. In software this is module completions and issue resolutions, among others. What you measure in this situation depends on the kind of project - if the software deals with money there needs to be a far stricter testing protocol than if it's social media, for example.
Hopefully you have some sort of source code check in/check out. As a manager you can look at the checkout/checkin cycles to see who is busy all day and who is hanging around the coffee pot. This makes an interesting report during project status reviews.
While you are 'the boss' and a bit remote from life in the trenches, the people with performance issues are likely to feel pressure from their peers. While they may see you as a necessary evil, they're going to be less comfortable letting their co-workers down - if your perception is accurate. One presumes the producers would want the non-producers out just as badly as you do.
Assume that the people you're working with are professionals and treat them as colleagues. It is fair to ask them to document their reasons if they disagree with you. These should be brief - you are simply asking them to clarify their thinking - this is not system documentation or an employment review. If you have three people that are working and they each explain why they're going in the direction they are, you can find out whether they agree with each other. If they aren't, it will be necessary to identify the assumptions each is working from, then work toward finding common ground. This might involve developing example code, demonstrating the performance effects of a database query, or whatever. In short, figure out the reasons for the thinking, not simply whether the thinking is good or faulty.
You are also, presumably, an interface to the users/customers. It could be that your customer is another contractor and that contractor is working for an IT department of a major company - in that situation you are two degrees of freedom removed from actual users. If at all possible you need to have user involvement in the design and development cycles, and you personally would be the one to act as that interface. On at least some occasions, the developers should sit in on these meetings, or more particularly demonstrate what they've done. |
16,899 | I recently joined as a team leader in a new company and the project manager assigned me five subordinates for this project. My problem is that I always feel afraid of handling the team as I don't know my powers and feel helpless. I am not aware what powers I have to make subordinates listen and follow my decisions.
I am a very simple person and for me it is difficult to shout at team members even if they are doing something wrong. I always phrase things as requests not commands. My subordinates often take advantage of this. I feel that the reason behind this is that I don't know my powers. Internally I feel that if I show them their mistakes they will become aggressive, shout at me, or complain about me to my project manager.
I would like to resolve this issue with a positive approach which doesn't harm my relationship with my subordinates, but that makes sure that they will complete their tasks.
Some examples of the different situations when internally I feel angry but at the same time helpless:
1. There are some tasks that need to be done, but subordinates chat with other team members instead of getting on with things. If I ask them to come to me as there is some work to do, they say okay but don't actually come until I call them a second or third time, and when they do come their body language shows aggressiveness or anger.
2. When they are doing other things instead of getting things done, they just try to give excuses for things not happening. They do this by making small things sound bigger than they are. If I try to go deeper to find out the reason, their body language shows anger and they don't respond properly to me. If I ask questions they tell me they have already answered them.
3. They don't want to stay late even if the work is not done, and they tell me their personal reasons for not staying late.
4. Three members of my team are working sincerely at present, but because of their behavior I fear they may respond to me with the same attitude in future.
I feel that if I tell all this to my project manager he will think that I am not capable of handling the team and it will be taken negatively. | 2013/11/24 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/16899",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/788/"
] | It is not always good to take responsility of leading the team.It is quite natural that all members of the team can't be of same temprament,there are some team members who are tough and respond aggressively.With reference to your situation I would suggest to be as much calm as possible.Listen properly and then give a mature and unemotional response to your employee.I hope kind and polite response works wonders.
First of all look deeply what makes your employee aggressive,then have a detailed and thorough understanding into it.Plan your response then share with your employee. | I feel you are being ambiguous and a little wishy-washy. I think you can use your personality to your advantage while still removing the ambiguity.
When you ask someone to complete a task, wait for a response.
You: Would you be able to get this done?
Co-worker: Okay.
Now you have their commitment.
You: This needs to be done by 4 in this format with these specifications. Can I count on you to do this?
Co-worker: Yes.
You: Great. Thanks. I'll send you an email to remind you.
Now you have removed ambiguity without feeling like you're ordering around your "subordinates." |
16,899 | I recently joined as a team leader in a new company and the project manager assigned me five subordinates for this project. My problem is that I always feel afraid of handling the team as I don't know my powers and feel helpless. I am not aware what powers I have to make subordinates listen and follow my decisions.
I am a very simple person and for me it is difficult to shout at team members even if they are doing something wrong. I always phrase things as requests not commands. My subordinates often take advantage of this. I feel that the reason behind this is that I don't know my powers. Internally I feel that if I show them their mistakes they will become aggressive, shout at me, or complain about me to my project manager.
I would like to resolve this issue with a positive approach which doesn't harm my relationship with my subordinates, but that makes sure that they will complete their tasks.
Some examples of the different situations when internally I feel angry but at the same time helpless:
1. There are some tasks that need to be done, but subordinates chat with other team members instead of getting on with things. If I ask them to come to me as there is some work to do, they say okay but don't actually come until I call them a second or third time, and when they do come their body language shows aggressiveness or anger.
2. When they are doing other things instead of getting things done, they just try to give excuses for things not happening. They do this by making small things sound bigger than they are. If I try to go deeper to find out the reason, their body language shows anger and they don't respond properly to me. If I ask questions they tell me they have already answered them.
3. They don't want to stay late even if the work is not done, and they tell me their personal reasons for not staying late.
4. Three members of my team are working sincerely at present, but because of their behavior I fear they may respond to me with the same attitude in future.
I feel that if I tell all this to my project manager he will think that I am not capable of handling the team and it will be taken negatively. | 2013/11/24 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/16899",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/788/"
] | If I were you, I'd take the following approach :
1. Set deadlines on things that need to be completed.If you are in IT, then have a project plan, create status tickets and assign them to developers in question. If you are not in IT, then either maintain a white board or distribute an excel sheet keeping a track of who was assigned what - what is the current status and if there are impediments if any.
2. Depending on which stage your project is, take a daily/weekly stock check of situations and where you stand.
3. Since you already know your team is slipping out of control, keep senior management involved in where your project currently is and send them daily/weekly/monthly project updates. Always keep them in loop of your project's status.
4. Always keep an open channel of how open issues can be reported back by your team members to you.
5. If the assigned tasks aren't being completed on time you have to take a professional approach and set a yardstick of how you want to deal with these issues. Do you want to issue 2 warnings or 1 warning and put the candidate on a performance improvement plan before reporting this guy to senior management/HR ? Or take a step back and see if you have evaluated this person's capacity on the task assigned correctly and whether another employee could do this better. Your end objective is to make sure the tasks are completed.
6. In this process if you burn some bridges you need to ask yourself what is important ? Is it your relationship with your employees or your commitment/loyalty to work and your discharge of duties for the salary you are paid.
Most importantly, you need to remember that you can still be a peaceful guy and track the status of your project while you keep your project properly 'managed'. | I feel you are being ambiguous and a little wishy-washy. I think you can use your personality to your advantage while still removing the ambiguity.
When you ask someone to complete a task, wait for a response.
You: Would you be able to get this done?
Co-worker: Okay.
Now you have their commitment.
You: This needs to be done by 4 in this format with these specifications. Can I count on you to do this?
Co-worker: Yes.
You: Great. Thanks. I'll send you an email to remind you.
Now you have removed ambiguity without feeling like you're ordering around your "subordinates." |
16,899 | I recently joined as a team leader in a new company and the project manager assigned me five subordinates for this project. My problem is that I always feel afraid of handling the team as I don't know my powers and feel helpless. I am not aware what powers I have to make subordinates listen and follow my decisions.
I am a very simple person and for me it is difficult to shout at team members even if they are doing something wrong. I always phrase things as requests not commands. My subordinates often take advantage of this. I feel that the reason behind this is that I don't know my powers. Internally I feel that if I show them their mistakes they will become aggressive, shout at me, or complain about me to my project manager.
I would like to resolve this issue with a positive approach which doesn't harm my relationship with my subordinates, but that makes sure that they will complete their tasks.
Some examples of the different situations when internally I feel angry but at the same time helpless:
1. There are some tasks that need to be done, but subordinates chat with other team members instead of getting on with things. If I ask them to come to me as there is some work to do, they say okay but don't actually come until I call them a second or third time, and when they do come their body language shows aggressiveness or anger.
2. When they are doing other things instead of getting things done, they just try to give excuses for things not happening. They do this by making small things sound bigger than they are. If I try to go deeper to find out the reason, their body language shows anger and they don't respond properly to me. If I ask questions they tell me they have already answered them.
3. They don't want to stay late even if the work is not done, and they tell me their personal reasons for not staying late.
4. Three members of my team are working sincerely at present, but because of their behavior I fear they may respond to me with the same attitude in future.
I feel that if I tell all this to my project manager he will think that I am not capable of handling the team and it will be taken negatively. | 2013/11/24 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/16899",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/788/"
] | The key thing to realize here is that it's not your job to *make* people do their work. It's your job to remove impediments by answering questions, keeping people informed, and pro-actively removing distractions.
Work with your project manager to hold people accountable. It doesn't matter if they chit chat, as long as they get their work done. It doesn't matter if they won't work late, as long as they get their work done. That needs to be your focus, and their actual manager (who has the authority) needs to get involved when people aren't getting their work done. | It is not always good to take responsility of leading the team.It is quite natural that all members of the team can't be of same temprament,there are some team members who are tough and respond aggressively.With reference to your situation I would suggest to be as much calm as possible.Listen properly and then give a mature and unemotional response to your employee.I hope kind and polite response works wonders.
First of all look deeply what makes your employee aggressive,then have a detailed and thorough understanding into it.Plan your response then share with your employee. |
16,899 | I recently joined as a team leader in a new company and the project manager assigned me five subordinates for this project. My problem is that I always feel afraid of handling the team as I don't know my powers and feel helpless. I am not aware what powers I have to make subordinates listen and follow my decisions.
I am a very simple person and for me it is difficult to shout at team members even if they are doing something wrong. I always phrase things as requests not commands. My subordinates often take advantage of this. I feel that the reason behind this is that I don't know my powers. Internally I feel that if I show them their mistakes they will become aggressive, shout at me, or complain about me to my project manager.
I would like to resolve this issue with a positive approach which doesn't harm my relationship with my subordinates, but that makes sure that they will complete their tasks.
Some examples of the different situations when internally I feel angry but at the same time helpless:
1. There are some tasks that need to be done, but subordinates chat with other team members instead of getting on with things. If I ask them to come to me as there is some work to do, they say okay but don't actually come until I call them a second or third time, and when they do come their body language shows aggressiveness or anger.
2. When they are doing other things instead of getting things done, they just try to give excuses for things not happening. They do this by making small things sound bigger than they are. If I try to go deeper to find out the reason, their body language shows anger and they don't respond properly to me. If I ask questions they tell me they have already answered them.
3. They don't want to stay late even if the work is not done, and they tell me their personal reasons for not staying late.
4. Three members of my team are working sincerely at present, but because of their behavior I fear they may respond to me with the same attitude in future.
I feel that if I tell all this to my project manager he will think that I am not capable of handling the team and it will be taken negatively. | 2013/11/24 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/16899",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/788/"
] | The key thing to realize here is that it's not your job to *make* people do their work. It's your job to remove impediments by answering questions, keeping people informed, and pro-actively removing distractions.
Work with your project manager to hold people accountable. It doesn't matter if they chit chat, as long as they get their work done. It doesn't matter if they won't work late, as long as they get their work done. That needs to be your focus, and their actual manager (who has the authority) needs to get involved when people aren't getting their work done. | If I were you, I'd take the following approach :
1. Set deadlines on things that need to be completed.If you are in IT, then have a project plan, create status tickets and assign them to developers in question. If you are not in IT, then either maintain a white board or distribute an excel sheet keeping a track of who was assigned what - what is the current status and if there are impediments if any.
2. Depending on which stage your project is, take a daily/weekly stock check of situations and where you stand.
3. Since you already know your team is slipping out of control, keep senior management involved in where your project currently is and send them daily/weekly/monthly project updates. Always keep them in loop of your project's status.
4. Always keep an open channel of how open issues can be reported back by your team members to you.
5. If the assigned tasks aren't being completed on time you have to take a professional approach and set a yardstick of how you want to deal with these issues. Do you want to issue 2 warnings or 1 warning and put the candidate on a performance improvement plan before reporting this guy to senior management/HR ? Or take a step back and see if you have evaluated this person's capacity on the task assigned correctly and whether another employee could do this better. Your end objective is to make sure the tasks are completed.
6. In this process if you burn some bridges you need to ask yourself what is important ? Is it your relationship with your employees or your commitment/loyalty to work and your discharge of duties for the salary you are paid.
Most importantly, you need to remember that you can still be a peaceful guy and track the status of your project while you keep your project properly 'managed'. |
16,899 | I recently joined as a team leader in a new company and the project manager assigned me five subordinates for this project. My problem is that I always feel afraid of handling the team as I don't know my powers and feel helpless. I am not aware what powers I have to make subordinates listen and follow my decisions.
I am a very simple person and for me it is difficult to shout at team members even if they are doing something wrong. I always phrase things as requests not commands. My subordinates often take advantage of this. I feel that the reason behind this is that I don't know my powers. Internally I feel that if I show them their mistakes they will become aggressive, shout at me, or complain about me to my project manager.
I would like to resolve this issue with a positive approach which doesn't harm my relationship with my subordinates, but that makes sure that they will complete their tasks.
Some examples of the different situations when internally I feel angry but at the same time helpless:
1. There are some tasks that need to be done, but subordinates chat with other team members instead of getting on with things. If I ask them to come to me as there is some work to do, they say okay but don't actually come until I call them a second or third time, and when they do come their body language shows aggressiveness or anger.
2. When they are doing other things instead of getting things done, they just try to give excuses for things not happening. They do this by making small things sound bigger than they are. If I try to go deeper to find out the reason, their body language shows anger and they don't respond properly to me. If I ask questions they tell me they have already answered them.
3. They don't want to stay late even if the work is not done, and they tell me their personal reasons for not staying late.
4. Three members of my team are working sincerely at present, but because of their behavior I fear they may respond to me with the same attitude in future.
I feel that if I tell all this to my project manager he will think that I am not capable of handling the team and it will be taken negatively. | 2013/11/24 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/16899",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/788/"
] | If I were you, I'd take the following approach :
1. Set deadlines on things that need to be completed.If you are in IT, then have a project plan, create status tickets and assign them to developers in question. If you are not in IT, then either maintain a white board or distribute an excel sheet keeping a track of who was assigned what - what is the current status and if there are impediments if any.
2. Depending on which stage your project is, take a daily/weekly stock check of situations and where you stand.
3. Since you already know your team is slipping out of control, keep senior management involved in where your project currently is and send them daily/weekly/monthly project updates. Always keep them in loop of your project's status.
4. Always keep an open channel of how open issues can be reported back by your team members to you.
5. If the assigned tasks aren't being completed on time you have to take a professional approach and set a yardstick of how you want to deal with these issues. Do you want to issue 2 warnings or 1 warning and put the candidate on a performance improvement plan before reporting this guy to senior management/HR ? Or take a step back and see if you have evaluated this person's capacity on the task assigned correctly and whether another employee could do this better. Your end objective is to make sure the tasks are completed.
6. In this process if you burn some bridges you need to ask yourself what is important ? Is it your relationship with your employees or your commitment/loyalty to work and your discharge of duties for the salary you are paid.
Most importantly, you need to remember that you can still be a peaceful guy and track the status of your project while you keep your project properly 'managed'. | Proper performance targets move butts. So if people are not moving fast enough or you always feel more can be done, revisiting the targets you've set or inherited is recommended.
Uncompetitive, easy, or difficult-but-vague targets will result in the first 3 symptoms you've described.
I've had my share of "Hmm, these guys are just cruising" observation. And turned things around with momentum by redefining targets. No yelling needed and in fact they start running around clarifying all sorts of stuff with you to make the next step and show progress individually and as a team. |
16,899 | I recently joined as a team leader in a new company and the project manager assigned me five subordinates for this project. My problem is that I always feel afraid of handling the team as I don't know my powers and feel helpless. I am not aware what powers I have to make subordinates listen and follow my decisions.
I am a very simple person and for me it is difficult to shout at team members even if they are doing something wrong. I always phrase things as requests not commands. My subordinates often take advantage of this. I feel that the reason behind this is that I don't know my powers. Internally I feel that if I show them their mistakes they will become aggressive, shout at me, or complain about me to my project manager.
I would like to resolve this issue with a positive approach which doesn't harm my relationship with my subordinates, but that makes sure that they will complete their tasks.
Some examples of the different situations when internally I feel angry but at the same time helpless:
1. There are some tasks that need to be done, but subordinates chat with other team members instead of getting on with things. If I ask them to come to me as there is some work to do, they say okay but don't actually come until I call them a second or third time, and when they do come their body language shows aggressiveness or anger.
2. When they are doing other things instead of getting things done, they just try to give excuses for things not happening. They do this by making small things sound bigger than they are. If I try to go deeper to find out the reason, their body language shows anger and they don't respond properly to me. If I ask questions they tell me they have already answered them.
3. They don't want to stay late even if the work is not done, and they tell me their personal reasons for not staying late.
4. Three members of my team are working sincerely at present, but because of their behavior I fear they may respond to me with the same attitude in future.
I feel that if I tell all this to my project manager he will think that I am not capable of handling the team and it will be taken negatively. | 2013/11/24 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/16899",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/788/"
] | The key thing to realize here is that it's not your job to *make* people do their work. It's your job to remove impediments by answering questions, keeping people informed, and pro-actively removing distractions.
Work with your project manager to hold people accountable. It doesn't matter if they chit chat, as long as they get their work done. It doesn't matter if they won't work late, as long as they get their work done. That needs to be your focus, and their actual manager (who has the authority) needs to get involved when people aren't getting their work done. | Per comment below, this answer is focused on software development projects. Much of it applies to other project oriented teams as well. The OP is a member of a number of software discussion areas. Other moderators have asked that this be made 'generic', much of the value of this discussion will be lost in doing so.
---
You're approaching this as someone that has a supervisor and authoritative role. Set aside the idea of 'obedience', 'shouting at people', and insisting that they listen to you.
In software development it is important to get a consensus. Therefore, as the project progresses, it's important to figure out what the developers think it's going to take to get it finished. This is a mixture of time, professional development, equipment resources, test data, etc. This is a moving target given that new requirements emerge as coding progresses.
You have two groups from your description - the producers and the slackers. If at all possible, get the slackers pushed 'elsewhere' - get them off your team. Just because they're your employer's problem doesn't mean they have to be your problem. If you don't have the ability to discharge them or reassign them ask the person that does to see what can be done.
Otherwise focus on the 'producers'. If the slackers realize they're getting benched they might decide to change their ways. If they really have no interest in programming at all this won't happen. If they can do it but are bored they might get interested if it looks like the rest of the team is tuning them out.
Management in general involves a lot of measuring. On the factory floor this is units over time, downtime, etc. In software this is module completions and issue resolutions, among others. What you measure in this situation depends on the kind of project - if the software deals with money there needs to be a far stricter testing protocol than if it's social media, for example.
Hopefully you have some sort of source code check in/check out. As a manager you can look at the checkout/checkin cycles to see who is busy all day and who is hanging around the coffee pot. This makes an interesting report during project status reviews.
While you are 'the boss' and a bit remote from life in the trenches, the people with performance issues are likely to feel pressure from their peers. While they may see you as a necessary evil, they're going to be less comfortable letting their co-workers down - if your perception is accurate. One presumes the producers would want the non-producers out just as badly as you do.
Assume that the people you're working with are professionals and treat them as colleagues. It is fair to ask them to document their reasons if they disagree with you. These should be brief - you are simply asking them to clarify their thinking - this is not system documentation or an employment review. If you have three people that are working and they each explain why they're going in the direction they are, you can find out whether they agree with each other. If they aren't, it will be necessary to identify the assumptions each is working from, then work toward finding common ground. This might involve developing example code, demonstrating the performance effects of a database query, or whatever. In short, figure out the reasons for the thinking, not simply whether the thinking is good or faulty.
You are also, presumably, an interface to the users/customers. It could be that your customer is another contractor and that contractor is working for an IT department of a major company - in that situation you are two degrees of freedom removed from actual users. If at all possible you need to have user involvement in the design and development cycles, and you personally would be the one to act as that interface. On at least some occasions, the developers should sit in on these meetings, or more particularly demonstrate what they've done. |
16,899 | I recently joined as a team leader in a new company and the project manager assigned me five subordinates for this project. My problem is that I always feel afraid of handling the team as I don't know my powers and feel helpless. I am not aware what powers I have to make subordinates listen and follow my decisions.
I am a very simple person and for me it is difficult to shout at team members even if they are doing something wrong. I always phrase things as requests not commands. My subordinates often take advantage of this. I feel that the reason behind this is that I don't know my powers. Internally I feel that if I show them their mistakes they will become aggressive, shout at me, or complain about me to my project manager.
I would like to resolve this issue with a positive approach which doesn't harm my relationship with my subordinates, but that makes sure that they will complete their tasks.
Some examples of the different situations when internally I feel angry but at the same time helpless:
1. There are some tasks that need to be done, but subordinates chat with other team members instead of getting on with things. If I ask them to come to me as there is some work to do, they say okay but don't actually come until I call them a second or third time, and when they do come their body language shows aggressiveness or anger.
2. When they are doing other things instead of getting things done, they just try to give excuses for things not happening. They do this by making small things sound bigger than they are. If I try to go deeper to find out the reason, their body language shows anger and they don't respond properly to me. If I ask questions they tell me they have already answered them.
3. They don't want to stay late even if the work is not done, and they tell me their personal reasons for not staying late.
4. Three members of my team are working sincerely at present, but because of their behavior I fear they may respond to me with the same attitude in future.
I feel that if I tell all this to my project manager he will think that I am not capable of handling the team and it will be taken negatively. | 2013/11/24 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/16899",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/788/"
] | Team lead can be a lot of different things, so I'm going to throw out some basic assumptions for your office:
* Someone contributes to the decisions and documentation regarding how well people do their jobs, and what the reward/penalty should be - that includes performance reviews, raises, incentive pay, promotions, the granting or revocation of official privileges (for example sometimes only top performers can work at home). My bet is that as team lead you can influence these decisions, but you are not the actual decision maker
* The project manager has overall accountability for the cost, schedule and deliverables of the project and at what quality level the project is completed.
* As the team lead, your core area is to be a subject matter expert in how the work should get done, whether your team has the resources they need, and the tasking of who does what within your sphere. Resources are probably both internal things (like experience, knowledge and skills) and external things like access to tools, equipment, access rights, etc.
The reason I highlight this is a key to using power is to know what power is really yours. If I'm right in the basic assumptions - a key area of your power is deciding who gets to do what in their role. There's generally choice work that is more exciting and then some boring stuff that no one is thrilled about. That's a real non-monetary driver.
Here's a few different strategies varying from very gentle to a bit more aggressive.
**Reward good work**
It sounds like you've got some team members with a fine attitude and some with a problem. Make sure that those who are working well get rewarded. In particular, if someone has proven themselves to be diligent, hardworking and honest:
* Don't second guess their judgement. It's OK to ask questions so that you understand a situation, but don't second guess someone who's proven that they can perform in terms of time estimates or how hard something is.
* Give them your time and attention when they ask - make sure that folks who are performing are a priority when they have an honest issue.
* Talk to them about what they like doing, what they want to do and what their ambitions are and try where possible to give them appropriate and challenging assignments.
* Keep them in mind for good opportunities like training or a chance to try something new.
It's not "privileged" treatment if you are rewarding good work. When a non-performing team member asks for or demands similar rights, return to the behaviors that have been a problem and point out that you're not OK with giving them new opportunities when they can't finish current work on time.
**Don't Join In**
Seems obvious I know. But don't contribute to the situation - don't make a habit of long chats, and don't let a meeting time slip because of chatter. If you've asked once for people to get to the meeting, walk into the meeting area, close the door and start.
**Know and make clear the difference between asking and telling**
Asking for input is good - as a team lead, you won't know everything about how the work gets done. Ask the team for honest assessments of scope and possible impediments. Feel free to question things that seem crazy, but do ask.
But draw a line between the asking part of the conversation and the telling. If you have a specific task and a hard deadline, this is a job requirement, not a favor or a polite request. The company is paying the employee and in return he's agreed to do this work. Make sure that when you give a task it is clear that it is an assigned thing, given clearly and with a deadline. "I need this by X date" not "could you do this by x date?", "I'd really like it soon, OK?" or "how about this thing by around this date maybe?" Being clear and direct is not being a jerk, it's avoiding ambiguity. That's your job, and for many people it's a relief to know exactly what they need to do and when.
You can even reinforce it by writing it down - if you meet in person, follow up with an email that says each assignment, so it's written and unambiguous. If you're having a real hard time getting follow through, CC any member of management you need - the Project Manager, the bigger boss, who ever it takes. That way the person can see that not only are you telling them what to do, but all parts of management see it too.
**Collaborate with the Resource Management**
You've got some bad performance behaviors here. Check in with who ever IS the resource management (the person doing reviews, figuring out raises, etc.) and give the feedback of your issues. Be very sure of how this feedback impacts the success of the project. Just because someone is annoying is not a good reason to complain, but when social conversations + an unwillingness to compensate with longer hours leads to slips in project schedule - there's a problem. You can certainly give feedback directly to the people who have the problems, but when you've done that once or twice, it's time to go to the resource manager and get help.
If you ARE the person writing the reviews, get a check in with your boss on how to proceed both with writing the review and with follow on action.
The key here is to have the people with a problem realize that you are not a lone crazy person - you are part of the management structure and behavior that leads to slips in productivity are a company problem. Just because you are new and unknown does not mean your perspective is invalid, and if the company believes in your abilities as a manager, the rest of the managers around you should be able to back you up.
**Stand up for yourself.**
I have NEVER found it necessary to yell, bang my fist, stomp around or be otherwise angry and authoritative. What I do find is that I must be clear, honest and direct while remaining in control. There's different language and formats for this based on whether you are dealing with a public situation or a private one on one conversation - but either way, there should not be a reason to raise your voice. I strongly advocate being factual and directly tying the problems together. Here's some examples:
* Do Say: "I've been listening to this conversation for half an hour, you all started at 10:30 and it's now ll. I've also seen it happen 4 out of 5 days this week. I know you all want to leave on time, but have to get work done."
+ Don't say: "it seems like you guys have been talking for ages. This happens all the time. Can we please get some work done?"
* Do say: "we agreed to this deadline three weeks ago. We've talked about it every week, and every time we talk, you say it's all good and you're making progress. Now we're three days from the deadline and this is the first time I hear it can't get done in time. I understand the need for personal commitments, but at what point can you make finishing this task a priority?"
+ Don't say: "hey, we've known for a long time that you had to do this. Can't you get it done this week?"
On some level, there is a point where you are basically saying "I'm the leader, and I have authority. You can do what I'm asking from you, or I can figure out how to get you out of my team and probably out of this company - what you do from here is your choice." Put this way, it sounds like a threat, but it doesn't have to. Simply asking for what is needed, calmly and clearly can generally be enough.
If you don't get emotional, you have a much greater chance of the employee not getting emotional either - shouting matches have to get started by someone - don't let it be you, keep cool. If the employee starts the shouting, ask them to stop. If they won't, disengage the conversation and suggest that you continue it when they have cooled down. This is not very far from dealing with a child who is throwing a tantrum - don't add to the emotions with your own input - demand and expect mature behavior and make it clear that calm behavior is a requirement.
If you see a bad pattern, you will likely have to express this in a private conversation. Often performance problems are not a single bad day or occurrence but a pattern of not getting enough work done over a long time span. So what becomes necessary is to put all the observations together and then direct the focus to getting tasks accomplished. Once you get into this zone, you need to be crystal clear yourself on what your authority level. Sometimes a team lead is not allowed to have a conversation this direct, if they are not the supervisor of the employee.
**Keep Notes**
When I have a performance issue, I take an obsessive number of notes. The only way I can be precise with people about a problem in a pattern is to actually know the pattern. So when I have periodic checkins in a problem area, I have notes on when I checked in, with who and what they told me. When I have repeated issues with long chatter and frequent personal life conflicts - I start saving emails and making a note about the chatter start time/end time.
While I normally am not precise on details, the ability to give specific honest feedback is really important and worth the effort when there's a problem. We all gloss details so it may very well be that the people with problems don't even realize why there's such a big issue.
**Asking your boss**
Some of the politics above are not clear in all offices - but the person YOU directly report to should be clear. I'd advocate going to your boss at any time - they are always a good person to ask on office culture and politics stuff, and the issues here the types of team change/growing pains that can take a bit of coaching for a new team lead. It's entirely appropriate to ask for help, get vetting on your intended next steps, and to report on issues that are brewing.
Things to consider:
* It's never bad to have a plan in mind. Even if your plan seems rather crazy, at least it shows you are trying and that you are taking responsibility.
* Most management advice will require that you make the words your own. Many bosses will give you examples of ways to approach the situation - realize that repeating the words verbatim is almost never a win - if you believe in an approach that your boss offers, make the words your own, so that you are speaking from your own beliefs.
* There may be do's and don'ts in how the company would like you to deal with issues - be clear with your boss on when you MUST handle something in a specific way (or MUST NOT handle it in a certain way), and when he's merely offering you an option. It's OK to ask point blank - "is that an order or an option?" | Per comment below, this answer is focused on software development projects. Much of it applies to other project oriented teams as well. The OP is a member of a number of software discussion areas. Other moderators have asked that this be made 'generic', much of the value of this discussion will be lost in doing so.
---
You're approaching this as someone that has a supervisor and authoritative role. Set aside the idea of 'obedience', 'shouting at people', and insisting that they listen to you.
In software development it is important to get a consensus. Therefore, as the project progresses, it's important to figure out what the developers think it's going to take to get it finished. This is a mixture of time, professional development, equipment resources, test data, etc. This is a moving target given that new requirements emerge as coding progresses.
You have two groups from your description - the producers and the slackers. If at all possible, get the slackers pushed 'elsewhere' - get them off your team. Just because they're your employer's problem doesn't mean they have to be your problem. If you don't have the ability to discharge them or reassign them ask the person that does to see what can be done.
Otherwise focus on the 'producers'. If the slackers realize they're getting benched they might decide to change their ways. If they really have no interest in programming at all this won't happen. If they can do it but are bored they might get interested if it looks like the rest of the team is tuning them out.
Management in general involves a lot of measuring. On the factory floor this is units over time, downtime, etc. In software this is module completions and issue resolutions, among others. What you measure in this situation depends on the kind of project - if the software deals with money there needs to be a far stricter testing protocol than if it's social media, for example.
Hopefully you have some sort of source code check in/check out. As a manager you can look at the checkout/checkin cycles to see who is busy all day and who is hanging around the coffee pot. This makes an interesting report during project status reviews.
While you are 'the boss' and a bit remote from life in the trenches, the people with performance issues are likely to feel pressure from their peers. While they may see you as a necessary evil, they're going to be less comfortable letting their co-workers down - if your perception is accurate. One presumes the producers would want the non-producers out just as badly as you do.
Assume that the people you're working with are professionals and treat them as colleagues. It is fair to ask them to document their reasons if they disagree with you. These should be brief - you are simply asking them to clarify their thinking - this is not system documentation or an employment review. If you have three people that are working and they each explain why they're going in the direction they are, you can find out whether they agree with each other. If they aren't, it will be necessary to identify the assumptions each is working from, then work toward finding common ground. This might involve developing example code, demonstrating the performance effects of a database query, or whatever. In short, figure out the reasons for the thinking, not simply whether the thinking is good or faulty.
You are also, presumably, an interface to the users/customers. It could be that your customer is another contractor and that contractor is working for an IT department of a major company - in that situation you are two degrees of freedom removed from actual users. If at all possible you need to have user involvement in the design and development cycles, and you personally would be the one to act as that interface. On at least some occasions, the developers should sit in on these meetings, or more particularly demonstrate what they've done. |
623,864 | I just rolled a small web application into production on a remote host. After it ran a while, I noticed that MS SQL Server started to consume most of the RAM on the server, starving out IIS and my application.
I have tried changing the "server maximum memory" setting, but eventually the memory usage begins to creep above this setting. Using the activity monitor I have determined that I am not leaving open connections or something obvious so I am guessing its in cache, materialized views and the like.
I am beginning to believe that this setting doesn't mean what I think it means. I do note that if I simply restart the server, the process of memory consumption starts over without any adverse impact on the application - pages load without incident, all retrievals work.
There has got to be a better way to control sql or force it to release some memory back to the system???? | 2009/03/08 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/623864",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/10676/"
] | From the MS knowledge base:
>
> Note that the max server memory option
> only limits the size of the SQL Server
> buffer pool. The max server memory
> option does not limit a remaining
> unreserved memory area that SQL Server
> leaves for allocations of other
> components such as extended stored
> procedures, COM objects, non-shared
> DLLs, EXEs, and MAPI components.
> Because of the preceding allocations,
> it is normal for the SQL Server
> private bytes to exceed the max server
> memory configuration.
>
>
>
Are you using any extended stored procedures, .NET code, etc that could be leaking memory outside of SQL Server's control?
There is some more discussion on memory/address space usage [here](http://support.microsoft.com/kb/316749/EN-US/) | Typically I recommend setting the max server memory to a couple of Gigs below the physical memory installed.
If you need to run IIS and an application server installed on the server then you'll want to give SQL Server less memory. |
18,975 | Even with detailed specifications for exchanging data between computer programs, chances are that data generated by older versions of programs do not conform 100% to the specification, or that they use old obscure features which few people know how to implement them. As a result, companies have to keep a library of "odd specimens" for testing their software.
In good software design, these quirks can be confined into a small layer of libraries called "Abstraction Layer". However, most abstraction layers cut off too many functionalities (in order to prevent the higher level software from touching the unstable parts of the lower level software).
Sometimes it is not possible to completely hide away the unstable parts. What are the strategies for coping with such necessary workarounds?
*((Please pardon my poor language skills.)* | 2010/11/15 | [
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/18975",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/users/620/"
] | A Mac mini [will serve you just fine](http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/gamesblog/2009/feb/10/gameculture-apple). I taught a course last semester that did iPod touch programming (another college had iPod touches available for educational use, so I figured programming them would be educational). The only thing I needed was to buy four Mac minis to put in the lab. The Macs didn't need to be advanced, just new.
One note: Prepare for some major headaches getting your first "Hello, World!" app over the wire and onto your iPhone. Doing so requires the proper public/private keys and certificates. I used a university license program, but you will probably need to spend the $100 on the single developer kit. The development tools themselves are free, and you can work on the simulator right away. | You need a Mac. Almost any Intel based Mac will do, if it has memory enough, where "enough" depends on how willing you are to wait.
At least 2 Gb RAM and better if more.
You will need to download the appropriate iPhone SDK from Apple to write code. For any non-trivial application you will need a physical device too, as the emulator is not 100% accurate. |
18,975 | Even with detailed specifications for exchanging data between computer programs, chances are that data generated by older versions of programs do not conform 100% to the specification, or that they use old obscure features which few people know how to implement them. As a result, companies have to keep a library of "odd specimens" for testing their software.
In good software design, these quirks can be confined into a small layer of libraries called "Abstraction Layer". However, most abstraction layers cut off too many functionalities (in order to prevent the higher level software from touching the unstable parts of the lower level software).
Sometimes it is not possible to completely hide away the unstable parts. What are the strategies for coping with such necessary workarounds?
*((Please pardon my poor language skills.)* | 2010/11/15 | [
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/18975",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/users/620/"
] | You need a Mac. Almost any Intel based Mac will do, if it has memory enough, where "enough" depends on how willing you are to wait.
At least 2 Gb RAM and better if more.
You will need to download the appropriate iPhone SDK from Apple to write code. For any non-trivial application you will need a physical device too, as the emulator is not 100% accurate. | I currently use a MacBook Air with the 258GB SSD, 1.8GHz, Intel Core 2 Duo with 2GB and it's been serving me very well. I've also found compile time to be a lot faster with an SSD.
As for the basic hardware, obviously you need an Apple-labeled system running Mac OS X and a the latest version of Xcode (4). I would also say the minimum amount of RAM to use would be 2GB as Xcode sure knows how to eat up memory! If you can splash some extra cash then I'd also suggest investing in an SSD as they really do increase compile times. |
18,975 | Even with detailed specifications for exchanging data between computer programs, chances are that data generated by older versions of programs do not conform 100% to the specification, or that they use old obscure features which few people know how to implement them. As a result, companies have to keep a library of "odd specimens" for testing their software.
In good software design, these quirks can be confined into a small layer of libraries called "Abstraction Layer". However, most abstraction layers cut off too many functionalities (in order to prevent the higher level software from touching the unstable parts of the lower level software).
Sometimes it is not possible to completely hide away the unstable parts. What are the strategies for coping with such necessary workarounds?
*((Please pardon my poor language skills.)* | 2010/11/15 | [
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/18975",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/users/620/"
] | You need a Mac. Almost any Intel based Mac will do, if it has memory enough, where "enough" depends on how willing you are to wait.
At least 2 Gb RAM and better if more.
You will need to download the appropriate iPhone SDK from Apple to write code. For any non-trivial application you will need a physical device too, as the emulator is not 100% accurate. | Almost any Intel Mac that can run OS X 10.6 will do (even used Macs 2 or 3 years old). You will need around at least a dozen or so GB of free storage just to download and install the SDK. An Mini on a KVM will work just fine. Display size real estate is probably the most valuable hardware spec, but I've even been using an MBA 11 for iOS apps development. |
18,975 | Even with detailed specifications for exchanging data between computer programs, chances are that data generated by older versions of programs do not conform 100% to the specification, or that they use old obscure features which few people know how to implement them. As a result, companies have to keep a library of "odd specimens" for testing their software.
In good software design, these quirks can be confined into a small layer of libraries called "Abstraction Layer". However, most abstraction layers cut off too many functionalities (in order to prevent the higher level software from touching the unstable parts of the lower level software).
Sometimes it is not possible to completely hide away the unstable parts. What are the strategies for coping with such necessary workarounds?
*((Please pardon my poor language skills.)* | 2010/11/15 | [
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/18975",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/users/620/"
] | A Mac mini [will serve you just fine](http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/gamesblog/2009/feb/10/gameculture-apple). I taught a course last semester that did iPod touch programming (another college had iPod touches available for educational use, so I figured programming them would be educational). The only thing I needed was to buy four Mac minis to put in the lab. The Macs didn't need to be advanced, just new.
One note: Prepare for some major headaches getting your first "Hello, World!" app over the wire and onto your iPhone. Doing so requires the proper public/private keys and certificates. I used a university license program, but you will probably need to spend the $100 on the single developer kit. The development tools themselves are free, and you can work on the simulator right away. | I currently use a MacBook Air with the 258GB SSD, 1.8GHz, Intel Core 2 Duo with 2GB and it's been serving me very well. I've also found compile time to be a lot faster with an SSD.
As for the basic hardware, obviously you need an Apple-labeled system running Mac OS X and a the latest version of Xcode (4). I would also say the minimum amount of RAM to use would be 2GB as Xcode sure knows how to eat up memory! If you can splash some extra cash then I'd also suggest investing in an SSD as they really do increase compile times. |
18,975 | Even with detailed specifications for exchanging data between computer programs, chances are that data generated by older versions of programs do not conform 100% to the specification, or that they use old obscure features which few people know how to implement them. As a result, companies have to keep a library of "odd specimens" for testing their software.
In good software design, these quirks can be confined into a small layer of libraries called "Abstraction Layer". However, most abstraction layers cut off too many functionalities (in order to prevent the higher level software from touching the unstable parts of the lower level software).
Sometimes it is not possible to completely hide away the unstable parts. What are the strategies for coping with such necessary workarounds?
*((Please pardon my poor language skills.)* | 2010/11/15 | [
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/18975",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/users/620/"
] | A Mac mini [will serve you just fine](http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/gamesblog/2009/feb/10/gameculture-apple). I taught a course last semester that did iPod touch programming (another college had iPod touches available for educational use, so I figured programming them would be educational). The only thing I needed was to buy four Mac minis to put in the lab. The Macs didn't need to be advanced, just new.
One note: Prepare for some major headaches getting your first "Hello, World!" app over the wire and onto your iPhone. Doing so requires the proper public/private keys and certificates. I used a university license program, but you will probably need to spend the $100 on the single developer kit. The development tools themselves are free, and you can work on the simulator right away. | Almost any Intel Mac that can run OS X 10.6 will do (even used Macs 2 or 3 years old). You will need around at least a dozen or so GB of free storage just to download and install the SDK. An Mini on a KVM will work just fine. Display size real estate is probably the most valuable hardware spec, but I've even been using an MBA 11 for iOS apps development. |
5,497,646 | During development of a new application, I was wondering how the most flexible solution of a dynamic, let's say ‘scriptable’, system would look like.
In general, I would need a file in plain text (e.g. TXT or XML) wherein I define a trigger (in my example a hex string) and a corresponding action (open a window, execute a SQL transaction, …). I should be able to add new entries without recompiling the whole application.
As you see, it's not really scriptable this way, but I need a solution to define what happens with which input.
Has anyone got some experience with this? | 2011/03/31 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/5497646",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/2686793/"
] | There are various scripting languages you can use inside your .NET application; IronPython being one obvious example, but others are available - javascript for example (talking to your .NET objects; not in a browser). One of these might have some application here? | Well you can embed a .NET language like [IronPython](http://secretgeek.net/host_ironpython.asp) or possibly [Boo](http://boo.codehaus.org/Boo+as+an+embedded+scripting+language) |
5,497,646 | During development of a new application, I was wondering how the most flexible solution of a dynamic, let's say ‘scriptable’, system would look like.
In general, I would need a file in plain text (e.g. TXT or XML) wherein I define a trigger (in my example a hex string) and a corresponding action (open a window, execute a SQL transaction, …). I should be able to add new entries without recompiling the whole application.
As you see, it's not really scriptable this way, but I need a solution to define what happens with which input.
Has anyone got some experience with this? | 2011/03/31 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/5497646",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/2686793/"
] | If you have only simple program flow you can use [Windows Workflow Foundation Rules Engine](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd554919.aspx).
Features
* Inlcuded in dotnet3.0 runtime, no extra costs
* *RuleSetDialog* can be integrated into your code to edit rules including intellisense
* persistable as xml-files.
* ruleengine can evaluate expressions and can perform actions
See also
[A quick and dirty Rules Engine using Windows Workflow Part1](http://www.sanderstechnology.com/?p=10166) and [Part2](http://www.sanderstechnology.com/?p=10491)
I first found this topic when reading the german languaged magazine [dotnetpro 10/2010](http://www.dotnetpro.de/articles/articlearchive1753.aspx) on page 30 "Die Rule-Engine aus .NET ohne Workflow benutzen" | Well you can embed a .NET language like [IronPython](http://secretgeek.net/host_ironpython.asp) or possibly [Boo](http://boo.codehaus.org/Boo+as+an+embedded+scripting+language) |
6,619,763 | I have a program in which an Ajax request goes out to a PHP script that does all the behind the scenes stuff of grabbing the data from the database and then returning it as responseText to be pasted into my HTML to update the page without refreshing. I do this request once every 250 milliseconds (so that means I get 4 hits to the PHP script per second for every user on the HTML page firing the Ajax requests.) I am already seeing the PHP crash with a few computers on at the same time, so I'm guessing the problem has something to do with the PHP getting a lot of requests. Is there a way to do these requests so that a lot of users can get on without this scalability issue coming into play? | 2011/07/08 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/6619763",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/834694/"
] | First of all firing that much ajax requests ain't a good idea. when the number of users increases, the server load will increase exponentially serving requests. Second thing you need to consider the possibilities of scaling the application and database. I guess you might be returning json\_encoded data from server, else make it so. | 4 r/s is.. nothing for PHP. So in a short: in order to make PHP scalable; make your code scalable. |
167,772 | I have a Ruby on Rails application that I'm writing where a user has the option to edit an invoice. They need to be able to reassign the order of the rows. Right now I have an index column in the db which is used as the default sort mechanism. I just exposed that and allowed the user to edit it.
This is not very elegant. I'd like the user to be able to drag and drop table rows. I've used Scriptaculous and Prototype a bit and am familiar with them. I've done drag and drop lists, but haven't done table rows quite like this. Anyone have any suggestions for not only reordering but capturing the reorder efficiently?
Also, the user can dynamically create a new row in JS right now, so that row has to be reorderable as well.
Bonus points if it can be done with RJS instead of direct JavaScript. | 2008/10/03 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/167772",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/13968/"
] | I've used the Yahoo User Interface library to do this before:
<http://developer.yahoo.com/yui/dragdrop/> | Scriptaculous sortables seems like the way to go since it's built in.
<http://github.com/madrobby/scriptaculous/wikis/sortable> |
167,772 | I have a Ruby on Rails application that I'm writing where a user has the option to edit an invoice. They need to be able to reassign the order of the rows. Right now I have an index column in the db which is used as the default sort mechanism. I just exposed that and allowed the user to edit it.
This is not very elegant. I'd like the user to be able to drag and drop table rows. I've used Scriptaculous and Prototype a bit and am familiar with them. I've done drag and drop lists, but haven't done table rows quite like this. Anyone have any suggestions for not only reordering but capturing the reorder efficiently?
Also, the user can dynamically create a new row in JS right now, so that row has to be reorderable as well.
Bonus points if it can be done with RJS instead of direct JavaScript. | 2008/10/03 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/167772",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/13968/"
] | I've used the Yahoo User Interface library to do this before:
<http://developer.yahoo.com/yui/dragdrop/> | The Yahoo interface was easier than I expected, had something snazzy working in less than four hours. |
167,772 | I have a Ruby on Rails application that I'm writing where a user has the option to edit an invoice. They need to be able to reassign the order of the rows. Right now I have an index column in the db which is used as the default sort mechanism. I just exposed that and allowed the user to edit it.
This is not very elegant. I'd like the user to be able to drag and drop table rows. I've used Scriptaculous and Prototype a bit and am familiar with them. I've done drag and drop lists, but haven't done table rows quite like this. Anyone have any suggestions for not only reordering but capturing the reorder efficiently?
Also, the user can dynamically create a new row in JS right now, so that row has to be reorderable as well.
Bonus points if it can be done with RJS instead of direct JavaScript. | 2008/10/03 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/167772",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/13968/"
] | I like jQuery <http://docs.jquery.com/UI/Sortables>
$("#myList").sortable({});
You will need to write some code to persist it but it isn't that tough. | The Yahoo interface was easier than I expected, had something snazzy working in less than four hours. |
167,772 | I have a Ruby on Rails application that I'm writing where a user has the option to edit an invoice. They need to be able to reassign the order of the rows. Right now I have an index column in the db which is used as the default sort mechanism. I just exposed that and allowed the user to edit it.
This is not very elegant. I'd like the user to be able to drag and drop table rows. I've used Scriptaculous and Prototype a bit and am familiar with them. I've done drag and drop lists, but haven't done table rows quite like this. Anyone have any suggestions for not only reordering but capturing the reorder efficiently?
Also, the user can dynamically create a new row in JS right now, so that row has to be reorderable as well.
Bonus points if it can be done with RJS instead of direct JavaScript. | 2008/10/03 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/167772",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/13968/"
] | The Yahoo interface was easier than I expected, had something snazzy working in less than four hours. | Scriptaculous sortables seems like the way to go since it's built in.
<http://github.com/madrobby/scriptaculous/wikis/sortable> |
155,893 | I was wondering, to make a DOS attack you need to send something to the target you are DOS-ing. And to send something you need to use some protocol. My question is, are all protocols the same speed? And what are the protocols that DOS programms usually use? My guess the UDP because I saw online it was fatser, but I am not sure.
Bonus question: If a target is using a TCP socket to listen to a connection, and I make a connection using UDP, what will happen? Will I be able to connect or not? | 2017/04/07 | [
"https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/155893",
"https://security.stackexchange.com",
"https://security.stackexchange.com/users/144173/"
] | In principle a DDOS attack can send completely legitimate requests and thus overload the server. For example, just use a botnet to visit some persons blog and the server will potentially collapse under the load. There is no real way to protect against this because every request looks like a real request.
However, the often more interesting case is to intentionally violate the protocol on some level to boost the efficiency of an attack. For example opening a lot of TCP connections to a server but never sending anything is very cheap for a client but the server might run out of connections (in whichever sense) because he is waiting for them to time out. These kinds of problems can often be mitigated using appropriate safeguards in code and configuration settings.
So to answer your question: (D)DOS attacks can be carried out with any applicable protocol and often become more powerful by intentionally violating parts of the protocol. | A answer has been accepted here - and it does make some valid points, but did not mention reflected amplification attacks; with tcp only small amounts of data are exchanged (and must be exchanged between both the attacker and victim) before processing, memory and io resources can be consumed. A slowloris type attack as described by Elias exploits a constrained number of connection resources. However there are a number of differences with udp.
Firstly the request from the client to do something can be in the first packet sent by the client.
A consequence of this is that the attacker can forge the 'from' address on the packet - making it difficult to detect an attck, nevermind block it.
There are some udp protocols where a single small request can generate a much larger response - such behaviour was present in the DNS and NTP protocols. This is exploited in an amplification attack - the attacker sends a request to a vulnerable third party server with the 'from' address of the victim. The third party sends out several packets to the victim. Scaling this up to multiple third parties means that an attacker need only use a little bandwidth to fill up a fat network conection at the victim.
I don't know where you read that udp was "faster". Its performance characteristics are very different from tcp (that is part of the reason that they exist as different protocols) but the speed of an ip connection is not simply a question of the bandwidth on the network hops between client and server. Attempting to send large volumes of udp packets across the internet and you will likely end up DOSing your uplink router. |
103,957 | I read [pp 13-14 of Tang Court's menu](http://www.langhamhotels.com/en/the-langham/hong-kong/dining/tang-court/) but they don't stipulate [this vegetable](https://www.openrice.com/en/hongkong/p-tang-court-p1653722)'s name.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/gTbJA.jpg) | 2019/12/07 | [
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/questions/103957",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | That appears to be [gai lan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gai_lan), or a closely related Chinese brassica like [yu choy](https://www.melissas.com/Yu-Choy-Sum-p/1102.htm), with the leaves removed. So just the stems.
I haven't seen (or found) a recipe for just the stems in broth, but it makes a certain amount of sense; the leaves cook much faster than the thick stems, so sometimes just the leaves are used for stir-fry. Then you can do this with the stems. | Probably leeks. Almost all Asian meals use them. Similar to onions or cabbage
! |
103,564 | I'm looking into Bag of Holding and a friend of mine says that you can't put any sharp objects into it.
Rule as written: **If a bag of holding is overloaded, or if sharp objects pierce it (from inside or outside), the bag immediately ruptures and is ruined, and all contents are lost forever**
In my reading on the rules, it's referring to deliberate piercing of the bag. Most people seem to have made the assumption that any sharp object in a bag of holding will instantly pierce it, but there does not appear to be anything in the rules that states that. If this was the case, then Bags of Holding would of fairly limited use, in my opinion.
I've searched the net, but no-one seems to be asking this question. From what I can tell someone once said that *any* sharp object in a bag of holding instantly ruptures it and everyone else has just followed suit. But, a dagger or similar item could conceivably be safely stored in a normal bag in real life without damaging the bag, so why would a magical bag be so fragile? | 2017/07/14 | [
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/questions/103564",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/users/11552/"
] | **The rules as written say only that a *bag of holding* can be pierced from the inside.** They don't say how hard a bag is to pierce. In other words, the rules don't actually answer this question explicitly... **But that doesn't mean we can't work out the answer.**
After all, we know that a *bag of holding* is a bag. More specifically, *bags of holding* are traditionally described as being sacks, though backpack-style bags of holding have also appeared in large numbers. Sacks are usually made of sackcloth, and backpacks are usually made of leather - and since we know what materials *bags*'re usually made out of, we know how hard they are to cut: As per page 175 of the core rules, cloth has two HP per inch of thickness and 0 hardness, while leather has 5 HP per inch of thickness and 2 hardness; and as per page 459, magic items take damage as nonmagical items of the same sort unless otherwise noted: Since a *bag* is presumably less than an inch thick, it wouldn't be too hard to stick a knife through.
How likely is that to happen, though? If you place a knife carefully onto sackcloth instead of just tossing it in, the chances of it piercing the bag are almost zero, right?
Well... we know that a bag of holding has a maximum capacity measured in weight, and that it can carry up to that weight without trouble. A bag of holding is therefore unlikely to break just from the weight of stuff inside it. *That* implies that it's the cutting edge of an object, and not the amount of force behind it, that makes carrying a sharp object in a bag of holding dangerous. (We probably could have guessed that, but it's nice to have it confirmed.)
We also know that items place inside a *bag* can shift around. The rules for *bags of holding* don't actually say that their contents move when the bag is moved, but it's a common sense assumption for normal bags, and that means it's probably a safe assumption for magic bags as well. Even if your GM rules that the contents of a *bag of holding* don't shift around when the *bag* is closed, he or she will probably agree that they shift around when you stick your arm in to dig around for something - and that means that your hypothetical dagger could potentially be pushed into a position where it risks damaging the *bag* without your being aware of it. Uh-oh.
There's your conclusion: **It's possible to put sharp objects in a bag of holding without damaging the bag... But there's risk involved.**
But wait, you say, why is it so many people are adamant that you should never put a sharp object in a bag of holding? Well, a *bag of holding* is an expensive item that's used to store other expensive items; Many adventurers are understandably reluctant to risk losing what amounts to all their worldly wealth for a stupid reason. That, I suspect, is where the aversion to putting pointy things in a bag comes from.
Fortunately, even if your GM disagrees, it's not a real problem. Just buy a box, and put the box in your *bag*; Then, put sharp things into the box. It can even have rounded edges, if you like. | The Bag of holdings dimensions are roughly 2 feet in diameter at the mouth and 4 feet deep. This means if you try to shove a 6-ft spear or something similar with a sharp pointy edge you will pierce it. Further players tend to abuse the bag by placing items in it that have more than a 2 ft circumference.
Bottom line is if the glove don't fit you have to..... Well send their toys to the astral plane. |
26,364,634 | When debugging in IntelliJ Idea if I put a break point on a method signature it warns me about slow performance. However, what I do instead is just put it on the first executable line of code in the function and it works fine for my purposes.
My understanding is that if I see the function I will for sure see right before the first line of executable code inside the function but IntelliJ disagrees. What differences would I expect to see in with these two different debug methods? | 2014/10/14 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/26364634",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/2744726/"
] | Using method breakpoints creates a need to check every time a method is called to determine whether it needs to be breaked for every method call on the application. They also disable JVM optimizations such as method inlining.
Regardless to say this issue is not IDEA related, might even be applicable for other programming languages. | Don't have IntelliJ IDEA in front of me, but based on [documentation](http://www.jetbrains.com/idea/webhelp/types-of-breakpoints.html), I think with method breakpoints you aren't actually going inside method implementation, but rather step-by-step on method calls. Which is probably the reason for performance impact, since IDEA must walk through caller stack, compared to just walking through lines of code in a single method in case of line breakpoint. |
48,518 | I am not a typing expert but I found it unusual to have some keys been repeated on keyboard. What's the logic behind this? | 2013/11/27 | [
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/48518",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/users/38518/"
] | I believe it's merely for the ergonomic benefit. Especially when touch typing.
Imagine if you want to type "A" and you would have to use the right shift key. Try it for yourself. I would need my both hands, because I can't reach it.
You can find more information on wiki: <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Touch_typing>
And also in a related post over at SuperUser:
<https://superuser.com/questions/304295/why-are-there-two-sets-of-the-ctrl-alt-and-shift-modifier-keys-on-the-keyboard>
Keep in mind that some of the "duplicate" keys (may) have other functions. | As someone who learnt to touch type only *some* of the duplicate keys are useful to a touch typist (such as Shift which existed on typewriter keyboards).
The history of keyboard design is really the history of the [IBM Keyboard](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_PC_keyboard) - which started out as a mainframe keyboard and had to cope with legacy functions from other input devices.- |
48,518 | I am not a typing expert but I found it unusual to have some keys been repeated on keyboard. What's the logic behind this? | 2013/11/27 | [
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/48518",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/users/38518/"
] | I believe it's merely for the ergonomic benefit. Especially when touch typing.
Imagine if you want to type "A" and you would have to use the right shift key. Try it for yourself. I would need my both hands, because I can't reach it.
You can find more information on wiki: <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Touch_typing>
And also in a related post over at SuperUser:
<https://superuser.com/questions/304295/why-are-there-two-sets-of-the-ctrl-alt-and-shift-modifier-keys-on-the-keyboard>
Keep in mind that some of the "duplicate" keys (may) have other functions. | The duplicate keys can usually be re-mapped to other useful shortcuts (like copy and paste instead of having to hit multiple keys to perform these shortcuts) or program specific controls to make certain functions easier (e.g. in gaming, you may map these buttons so they perform in-game commands). It's helpful to have a few extra buttons available on the keyboard for this so that you're not overwriting keys that may be necessary, but they have default values so that they're still useful when not otherwise set to custom functions. |
48,518 | I am not a typing expert but I found it unusual to have some keys been repeated on keyboard. What's the logic behind this? | 2013/11/27 | [
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/48518",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/users/38518/"
] | I believe it's merely for the ergonomic benefit. Especially when touch typing.
Imagine if you want to type "A" and you would have to use the right shift key. Try it for yourself. I would need my both hands, because I can't reach it.
You can find more information on wiki: <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Touch_typing>
And also in a related post over at SuperUser:
<https://superuser.com/questions/304295/why-are-there-two-sets-of-the-ctrl-alt-and-shift-modifier-keys-on-the-keyboard>
Keep in mind that some of the "duplicate" keys (may) have other functions. | As a matter of fact, there aren't two `Enter` keys on a keyboard - one of them is 'Enter' and the other one 'Return'.
With some old machines (and even sometimes nowadays in applications) these keys had a different function. From [Wikipedia](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enter_key):
>
> For example, while using the type tool in Adobe Photoshop, the return key produces a new line while the enter key ends editing mode.
>
>
> On IBM's 3270 and 5250 line of terminals, the Enter key was located to the right of the space bar and was used to send the contents of the terminal's buffer to the host computer. The Return key was located in a more standard location and was used to generate a new line.
>
>
> Apple also took advantage of this situation to create a highly editable command line environment called a "Worksheet" in the Macintosh Programmer's Workshop, where return was used strictly as a formatting key while enter was used to execute a shell command or series of commands in direct mode.
>
>
> In technical terms, the Macintosh keyboard maps the return key to a carriage return, while the enter key maps to a newline.
>
>
> |
48,518 | I am not a typing expert but I found it unusual to have some keys been repeated on keyboard. What's the logic behind this? | 2013/11/27 | [
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/48518",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/users/38518/"
] | I believe it's merely for the ergonomic benefit. Especially when touch typing.
Imagine if you want to type "A" and you would have to use the right shift key. Try it for yourself. I would need my both hands, because I can't reach it.
You can find more information on wiki: <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Touch_typing>
And also in a related post over at SuperUser:
<https://superuser.com/questions/304295/why-are-there-two-sets-of-the-ctrl-alt-and-shift-modifier-keys-on-the-keyboard>
Keep in mind that some of the "duplicate" keys (may) have other functions. | All keys that need to be used in combination are duplicated on the keyboard. So that you can use both your hands easily for all the keys on the keyboard. For example, Alt A, will be used by pressing Alt with your right hand, and A with your left hand. Same logic for Alt L. |
48,518 | I am not a typing expert but I found it unusual to have some keys been repeated on keyboard. What's the logic behind this? | 2013/11/27 | [
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/48518",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/users/38518/"
] | As someone who learnt to touch type only *some* of the duplicate keys are useful to a touch typist (such as Shift which existed on typewriter keyboards).
The history of keyboard design is really the history of the [IBM Keyboard](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_PC_keyboard) - which started out as a mainframe keyboard and had to cope with legacy functions from other input devices.- | The duplicate keys can usually be re-mapped to other useful shortcuts (like copy and paste instead of having to hit multiple keys to perform these shortcuts) or program specific controls to make certain functions easier (e.g. in gaming, you may map these buttons so they perform in-game commands). It's helpful to have a few extra buttons available on the keyboard for this so that you're not overwriting keys that may be necessary, but they have default values so that they're still useful when not otherwise set to custom functions. |
48,518 | I am not a typing expert but I found it unusual to have some keys been repeated on keyboard. What's the logic behind this? | 2013/11/27 | [
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/48518",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/users/38518/"
] | As someone who learnt to touch type only *some* of the duplicate keys are useful to a touch typist (such as Shift which existed on typewriter keyboards).
The history of keyboard design is really the history of the [IBM Keyboard](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_PC_keyboard) - which started out as a mainframe keyboard and had to cope with legacy functions from other input devices.- | All keys that need to be used in combination are duplicated on the keyboard. So that you can use both your hands easily for all the keys on the keyboard. For example, Alt A, will be used by pressing Alt with your right hand, and A with your left hand. Same logic for Alt L. |
48,518 | I am not a typing expert but I found it unusual to have some keys been repeated on keyboard. What's the logic behind this? | 2013/11/27 | [
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/48518",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/users/38518/"
] | As a matter of fact, there aren't two `Enter` keys on a keyboard - one of them is 'Enter' and the other one 'Return'.
With some old machines (and even sometimes nowadays in applications) these keys had a different function. From [Wikipedia](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enter_key):
>
> For example, while using the type tool in Adobe Photoshop, the return key produces a new line while the enter key ends editing mode.
>
>
> On IBM's 3270 and 5250 line of terminals, the Enter key was located to the right of the space bar and was used to send the contents of the terminal's buffer to the host computer. The Return key was located in a more standard location and was used to generate a new line.
>
>
> Apple also took advantage of this situation to create a highly editable command line environment called a "Worksheet" in the Macintosh Programmer's Workshop, where return was used strictly as a formatting key while enter was used to execute a shell command or series of commands in direct mode.
>
>
> In technical terms, the Macintosh keyboard maps the return key to a carriage return, while the enter key maps to a newline.
>
>
> | The duplicate keys can usually be re-mapped to other useful shortcuts (like copy and paste instead of having to hit multiple keys to perform these shortcuts) or program specific controls to make certain functions easier (e.g. in gaming, you may map these buttons so they perform in-game commands). It's helpful to have a few extra buttons available on the keyboard for this so that you're not overwriting keys that may be necessary, but they have default values so that they're still useful when not otherwise set to custom functions. |
48,518 | I am not a typing expert but I found it unusual to have some keys been repeated on keyboard. What's the logic behind this? | 2013/11/27 | [
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/48518",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/users/38518/"
] | All keys that need to be used in combination are duplicated on the keyboard. So that you can use both your hands easily for all the keys on the keyboard. For example, Alt A, will be used by pressing Alt with your right hand, and A with your left hand. Same logic for Alt L. | The duplicate keys can usually be re-mapped to other useful shortcuts (like copy and paste instead of having to hit multiple keys to perform these shortcuts) or program specific controls to make certain functions easier (e.g. in gaming, you may map these buttons so they perform in-game commands). It's helpful to have a few extra buttons available on the keyboard for this so that you're not overwriting keys that may be necessary, but they have default values so that they're still useful when not otherwise set to custom functions. |
48,518 | I am not a typing expert but I found it unusual to have some keys been repeated on keyboard. What's the logic behind this? | 2013/11/27 | [
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/48518",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/users/38518/"
] | As a matter of fact, there aren't two `Enter` keys on a keyboard - one of them is 'Enter' and the other one 'Return'.
With some old machines (and even sometimes nowadays in applications) these keys had a different function. From [Wikipedia](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enter_key):
>
> For example, while using the type tool in Adobe Photoshop, the return key produces a new line while the enter key ends editing mode.
>
>
> On IBM's 3270 and 5250 line of terminals, the Enter key was located to the right of the space bar and was used to send the contents of the terminal's buffer to the host computer. The Return key was located in a more standard location and was used to generate a new line.
>
>
> Apple also took advantage of this situation to create a highly editable command line environment called a "Worksheet" in the Macintosh Programmer's Workshop, where return was used strictly as a formatting key while enter was used to execute a shell command or series of commands in direct mode.
>
>
> In technical terms, the Macintosh keyboard maps the return key to a carriage return, while the enter key maps to a newline.
>
>
> | All keys that need to be used in combination are duplicated on the keyboard. So that you can use both your hands easily for all the keys on the keyboard. For example, Alt A, will be used by pressing Alt with your right hand, and A with your left hand. Same logic for Alt L. |
275,363 | I'm running Windows 7 on a laptop, and I'm having a bit of an issue with my CD-ROM drive. Each time I boot up my computer, for some reason, that device gets disabled. In other words, I can't access it from Windows Explorer and I can't use it at all.
So far, I've had to fix that each time by opening Device Manager, finding the relevant drive/device in the list, seeing that it is disabled, right-clicking it, and clicking Enable. Having to do this every time I boot is not fun.
**Why is the drive being disabled automatically, and is there a way to stop that from happening?**
If more specs are necessary for an answer, let me know. | 2011/04/26 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/275363",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/5404/"
] | Go into your BIOS and make sure any option to the effect of "Plug and Play OS" is set to Yes. Also, if there is an option to clear anything similar to "Extended System Configuration Data", try it. You might also try resetting the BIOS to defaults. | I had the same problem: my audio and DVD were disabled even in BIOS. I went in to a repair shop and they told me that my NVIDIA graphic card chip was damaged. They repaired it and solved this problem. Please check your graphic card chip. |
34,366 | All throughout the series, specifically, within the second Arc of the story, there are references to Subaru smelling like the **Witch's Scent**, Giving us the knowledge that he is Definitely connected to her.
Why is this? It's well known that Subaru was pulled from modern day Japan into this Fantasy world, as well as that he has the ability **"Return to Death"** In which he has the ability to *Respawn*.
These things most likely have things in common with his relations to the witch, though... What exactly is the relationship? How are they connected? | 2016/07/21 | [
"https://anime.stackexchange.com/questions/34366",
"https://anime.stackexchange.com",
"https://anime.stackexchange.com/users/23564/"
] | Satella The Jealous Witch is in love with Subaru. Why though is not known to the current arc of the latest source arc 6 (web) may change in the official version (Published book).
The first time we supposed to see her was supposed to be in the current anime arc which is arc 3 it is not shown during the anime but every time Subaru dies he is transported (symbolizes by the arm grabbing him) to a new timeline while that happen he is transported first to a void places (for depiction look at opening 1 where the places is covered with smokes symbolizing the witches miasma which may explain why the smell grew thicker everytime he re-spawn).
He saw an image of a girl which became clearer every loop. not only thus images pop up the more significant changes that you would observe in the anime (if they didn't cut it) he will hear the whisper of Satella saying 'I Love You' in every attempt of a reveal.(**episode 20**)
The fact that he say 'I love Emilia' during the Rem scene will put on perspective why Emilia was killed during his attempt to reveal the power | Emilia was the Witch when she was younger. Emilia slowly becomes the witch who at some point goes back in time and "fucks everything up" which is why people think the current Emilia is related to the witch which she actually is. Older Subaru is basically the mental essence of all the finger, he went crazy in the future.
It all comes down to one of those complicated time things, like what came first the chicken or the egg. Subaru got pulled back in time, where he met Emilia, who became the witch and he became the finger which led to Subaru being pulled into the past in the first place. |
34,366 | All throughout the series, specifically, within the second Arc of the story, there are references to Subaru smelling like the **Witch's Scent**, Giving us the knowledge that he is Definitely connected to her.
Why is this? It's well known that Subaru was pulled from modern day Japan into this Fantasy world, as well as that he has the ability **"Return to Death"** In which he has the ability to *Respawn*.
These things most likely have things in common with his relations to the witch, though... What exactly is the relationship? How are they connected? | 2016/07/21 | [
"https://anime.stackexchange.com/questions/34366",
"https://anime.stackexchange.com",
"https://anime.stackexchange.com/users/23564/"
] | Satella The Jealous Witch is in love with Subaru. Why though is not known to the current arc of the latest source arc 6 (web) may change in the official version (Published book).
The first time we supposed to see her was supposed to be in the current anime arc which is arc 3 it is not shown during the anime but every time Subaru dies he is transported (symbolizes by the arm grabbing him) to a new timeline while that happen he is transported first to a void places (for depiction look at opening 1 where the places is covered with smokes symbolizing the witches miasma which may explain why the smell grew thicker everytime he re-spawn).
He saw an image of a girl which became clearer every loop. not only thus images pop up the more significant changes that you would observe in the anime (if they didn't cut it) he will hear the whisper of Satella saying 'I Love You' in every attempt of a reveal.(**episode 20**)
The fact that he say 'I love Emilia' during the Rem scene will put on perspective why Emilia was killed during his attempt to reveal the power | This isnt a fact but a theory but I am starting to learn towards the idea that Emilia is Satella. Subaru is the flugel. Hence the flugel tree and why he planted it. I think Emilia will take the witch genes from Subaru possibly to save him from the insanity? Maybe all 7 witch genes was too much. This also may be why Satella says he loves Subaru. I think that guy might be right about the time travel. Satella said something about Subaru showing him the world,kissing her etc. Anyways yea. Subaru and Emilia somehow travelled back to the past which may be the authority of envy- Time? This also explains why Echidna hates Emilia. Echidna hates Satella. So much deetailsss gah. Anyways we'll know soon enough. Lets be patient :) if Im right. Subaru is in for some deep shit. Is he gonna kill Emilia this time to free her or is he gonna seal her again? Will he save her this time? |
56,054 | I know that some books contain strong languages that aren't appropriate in stories but in the end, I think my book needs them for extra violent highlights that would do well for the villains. I aim for an audience level of middle grade and up, so I refrained from adding in any 'Curse' words. As my story drag on longer, I began to think that adding in the words may be a good idea if it weren't for the grade level.
Is it fine for me to add strong language to my book or should I refrain from adding it since it might reflect badly on me as a person? Considering that I'm not supposed to know the F-word at the age of thirteen. | 2021/05/27 | [
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/questions/56054",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/users/49599/"
] | Chilling Effects for Mid-grade:
-------------------------------
If you add the language, it does somewhat definitionally shift from [mid-grade](https://www.masterclass.com/articles/whats-the-difference-between-middle-grade-fiction-vs-young-adult-fiction#:%7E:text=Middle%2Dgrade%20fiction%20refers%20to,ages%20of%2012%20and%2018.) to adult or young adult, which means the whole temperature of your story would need to shift, too. There is a weird double standard to writing for the younger audience, where the audience wants edgy, but they also don't. Then the publishers want edgy, but they also don't. This is one of the reasons I don't really want to write in this age target. There is, however, nothing wrong with writing for young adults/adults. Tweens can read/write books for teens, teens can still read/write books for adults, and teens certainly don't like being told to not use bad language (I have two teens, and they recreationally curse to show they're "grown up.")
And yes, my children knew numerous swear words at thirteen, and I was the only one that judged them for it (and your parents don't count). My father used profanity excessively (he grew up a bar-owner's son, then joined the army), so I'm personally a little picky about its use and think most folks just use it for effect rather than to be genuine, so I judge adults for it more than tweens/teens.
If you think your book ends up bridging the space between audiences, then find literary agents that represent books in both categories. They will be able to decide if the story is still appropriate for mid-grade with the language, and they can always say, "Drop the f\*\*king bad language!" and you can edit it out. 'Darn' and 'fracking' are a little ridiculous, but people will know what you really want to say. Honestly, if you get to the point where someone reads your book then the language won't be a deal-breaker if you express a willingness to remove it as needed. | In dialogues for sure. Characters should swear the same way real people swear. But note that the more it is used, the less effect it has on the reader. If swearing is used in every sentence, the reader gets used to it and then it is much harder to emphasize a particularly tense situation. |
56,054 | I know that some books contain strong languages that aren't appropriate in stories but in the end, I think my book needs them for extra violent highlights that would do well for the villains. I aim for an audience level of middle grade and up, so I refrained from adding in any 'Curse' words. As my story drag on longer, I began to think that adding in the words may be a good idea if it weren't for the grade level.
Is it fine for me to add strong language to my book or should I refrain from adding it since it might reflect badly on me as a person? Considering that I'm not supposed to know the F-word at the age of thirteen. | 2021/05/27 | [
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/questions/56054",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/users/49599/"
] | So I was growing up when the Harry Potter books were being released and had the benefit of maturing with the characters at about the same rate, given the gap between releases (books 1-3 were out when I got ahold of them but still weren't popular in the States just yet. My copy of Book One was "Philosopher's Stone" not "Sorcerer's" and I felt a little special that I enjoyed it without knowing what it was to begin with.).
As the books progressed the narrative does show the kids swearing albeit the really bad words are cleverly hidden. Ron and his older twin brothers were actually quite crass if you read between the lines... but in the books, Rowling never dropped the "F-word" or anything like that. Rather, she cut the dialog and went into the narrative voice and immediately said something along the lines of "Ron then called Hermione a word that made her punch him" with the implication that Ron was dropping the very inappropriate words.
Another option can be seen in the tv show "How I Met Your Mother." As the show is framed as a father telling his kids about his life in present day NYC and how it lead to meeting their mother, he often will self-censor himself or another character by inserting tame words, but leaving them in context of the bad word. In an early Christmas episode, he calls one of his best friends the "C-word" but told his kids he called her "A Grinch". For the rest of the episode, the humor derives from the onscreen characters saying "Grinch" in the context where very bad word would take place... and at one point when Ted's 6 year old cousin tells him he's being "a real Grinch", future Ted does pause the story and tell his kids that this time, she was actually refering to the Dr. Suess character for real.
These transitions were often cut with two teenagers playing Ted's kids with skeptical expressions that clearly stated they knew exactly what their dad was doing. This would happen a couple times such as once where he substituted a word in Barney's dialog for the milder "Kiss" and we have an entire scene where Barney is chanting "Kiss Him," which seems appropriate for the situation until a security guard stops by and tells him to leave, at which point Barney responds with "Kiss You" and future Ted interrupts to say that Barney wasn't really shouting "Kiss" and leaves the context clues to let the audience get that the word was the "F-word". | In dialogues for sure. Characters should swear the same way real people swear. But note that the more it is used, the less effect it has on the reader. If swearing is used in every sentence, the reader gets used to it and then it is much harder to emphasize a particularly tense situation. |
56,054 | I know that some books contain strong languages that aren't appropriate in stories but in the end, I think my book needs them for extra violent highlights that would do well for the villains. I aim for an audience level of middle grade and up, so I refrained from adding in any 'Curse' words. As my story drag on longer, I began to think that adding in the words may be a good idea if it weren't for the grade level.
Is it fine for me to add strong language to my book or should I refrain from adding it since it might reflect badly on me as a person? Considering that I'm not supposed to know the F-word at the age of thirteen. | 2021/05/27 | [
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/questions/56054",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/users/49599/"
] | **Middle Grade book buyers are usually parents and teachers**. Children of that age read a lot, but are NOT typically making their own purchases. That means that parents and teachers are the gatekeepers. For that reason, Middle Grade books usually need to be squeaky clean.
**YA books are typically purchased by teenagers**. Once children turn 13 or so, they start buying their own books, and making their own choices --and they gravitate to edgy material. So there's a huge difference between what is permissible in Middle Grade fiction and what passes in YA.
**Unfortunately there's very little middle ground**. So either make this a sanitized, censored, family-friendly Middle Grade book, that a parent wouldn't cringe to read to their kids, or make it an edgy, grown-up, boundaries-pushing YA. Otherwise, you don't have a target audience, which means you don't have a publisher either. *Note:* Given your own age, I would stick to a MG novel --it will be relatively easy for you to write something kids a couple years younger would really like, but it would be hard to write for teens who have already had experiences you haven't had yet. Most kids like heroes who are a little older, so 13-year-old characters are great for 11-year-old readers. | In dialogues for sure. Characters should swear the same way real people swear. But note that the more it is used, the less effect it has on the reader. If swearing is used in every sentence, the reader gets used to it and then it is much harder to emphasize a particularly tense situation. |
56,054 | I know that some books contain strong languages that aren't appropriate in stories but in the end, I think my book needs them for extra violent highlights that would do well for the villains. I aim for an audience level of middle grade and up, so I refrained from adding in any 'Curse' words. As my story drag on longer, I began to think that adding in the words may be a good idea if it weren't for the grade level.
Is it fine for me to add strong language to my book or should I refrain from adding it since it might reflect badly on me as a person? Considering that I'm not supposed to know the F-word at the age of thirteen. | 2021/05/27 | [
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/questions/56054",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/users/49599/"
] | Chilling Effects for Mid-grade:
-------------------------------
If you add the language, it does somewhat definitionally shift from [mid-grade](https://www.masterclass.com/articles/whats-the-difference-between-middle-grade-fiction-vs-young-adult-fiction#:%7E:text=Middle%2Dgrade%20fiction%20refers%20to,ages%20of%2012%20and%2018.) to adult or young adult, which means the whole temperature of your story would need to shift, too. There is a weird double standard to writing for the younger audience, where the audience wants edgy, but they also don't. Then the publishers want edgy, but they also don't. This is one of the reasons I don't really want to write in this age target. There is, however, nothing wrong with writing for young adults/adults. Tweens can read/write books for teens, teens can still read/write books for adults, and teens certainly don't like being told to not use bad language (I have two teens, and they recreationally curse to show they're "grown up.")
And yes, my children knew numerous swear words at thirteen, and I was the only one that judged them for it (and your parents don't count). My father used profanity excessively (he grew up a bar-owner's son, then joined the army), so I'm personally a little picky about its use and think most folks just use it for effect rather than to be genuine, so I judge adults for it more than tweens/teens.
If you think your book ends up bridging the space between audiences, then find literary agents that represent books in both categories. They will be able to decide if the story is still appropriate for mid-grade with the language, and they can always say, "Drop the f\*\*king bad language!" and you can edit it out. 'Darn' and 'fracking' are a little ridiculous, but people will know what you really want to say. Honestly, if you get to the point where someone reads your book then the language won't be a deal-breaker if you express a willingness to remove it as needed. | So I was growing up when the Harry Potter books were being released and had the benefit of maturing with the characters at about the same rate, given the gap between releases (books 1-3 were out when I got ahold of them but still weren't popular in the States just yet. My copy of Book One was "Philosopher's Stone" not "Sorcerer's" and I felt a little special that I enjoyed it without knowing what it was to begin with.).
As the books progressed the narrative does show the kids swearing albeit the really bad words are cleverly hidden. Ron and his older twin brothers were actually quite crass if you read between the lines... but in the books, Rowling never dropped the "F-word" or anything like that. Rather, she cut the dialog and went into the narrative voice and immediately said something along the lines of "Ron then called Hermione a word that made her punch him" with the implication that Ron was dropping the very inappropriate words.
Another option can be seen in the tv show "How I Met Your Mother." As the show is framed as a father telling his kids about his life in present day NYC and how it lead to meeting their mother, he often will self-censor himself or another character by inserting tame words, but leaving them in context of the bad word. In an early Christmas episode, he calls one of his best friends the "C-word" but told his kids he called her "A Grinch". For the rest of the episode, the humor derives from the onscreen characters saying "Grinch" in the context where very bad word would take place... and at one point when Ted's 6 year old cousin tells him he's being "a real Grinch", future Ted does pause the story and tell his kids that this time, she was actually refering to the Dr. Suess character for real.
These transitions were often cut with two teenagers playing Ted's kids with skeptical expressions that clearly stated they knew exactly what their dad was doing. This would happen a couple times such as once where he substituted a word in Barney's dialog for the milder "Kiss" and we have an entire scene where Barney is chanting "Kiss Him," which seems appropriate for the situation until a security guard stops by and tells him to leave, at which point Barney responds with "Kiss You" and future Ted interrupts to say that Barney wasn't really shouting "Kiss" and leaves the context clues to let the audience get that the word was the "F-word". |
56,054 | I know that some books contain strong languages that aren't appropriate in stories but in the end, I think my book needs them for extra violent highlights that would do well for the villains. I aim for an audience level of middle grade and up, so I refrained from adding in any 'Curse' words. As my story drag on longer, I began to think that adding in the words may be a good idea if it weren't for the grade level.
Is it fine for me to add strong language to my book or should I refrain from adding it since it might reflect badly on me as a person? Considering that I'm not supposed to know the F-word at the age of thirteen. | 2021/05/27 | [
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/questions/56054",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/users/49599/"
] | Chilling Effects for Mid-grade:
-------------------------------
If you add the language, it does somewhat definitionally shift from [mid-grade](https://www.masterclass.com/articles/whats-the-difference-between-middle-grade-fiction-vs-young-adult-fiction#:%7E:text=Middle%2Dgrade%20fiction%20refers%20to,ages%20of%2012%20and%2018.) to adult or young adult, which means the whole temperature of your story would need to shift, too. There is a weird double standard to writing for the younger audience, where the audience wants edgy, but they also don't. Then the publishers want edgy, but they also don't. This is one of the reasons I don't really want to write in this age target. There is, however, nothing wrong with writing for young adults/adults. Tweens can read/write books for teens, teens can still read/write books for adults, and teens certainly don't like being told to not use bad language (I have two teens, and they recreationally curse to show they're "grown up.")
And yes, my children knew numerous swear words at thirteen, and I was the only one that judged them for it (and your parents don't count). My father used profanity excessively (he grew up a bar-owner's son, then joined the army), so I'm personally a little picky about its use and think most folks just use it for effect rather than to be genuine, so I judge adults for it more than tweens/teens.
If you think your book ends up bridging the space between audiences, then find literary agents that represent books in both categories. They will be able to decide if the story is still appropriate for mid-grade with the language, and they can always say, "Drop the f\*\*king bad language!" and you can edit it out. 'Darn' and 'fracking' are a little ridiculous, but people will know what you really want to say. Honestly, if you get to the point where someone reads your book then the language won't be a deal-breaker if you express a willingness to remove it as needed. | **Middle Grade book buyers are usually parents and teachers**. Children of that age read a lot, but are NOT typically making their own purchases. That means that parents and teachers are the gatekeepers. For that reason, Middle Grade books usually need to be squeaky clean.
**YA books are typically purchased by teenagers**. Once children turn 13 or so, they start buying their own books, and making their own choices --and they gravitate to edgy material. So there's a huge difference between what is permissible in Middle Grade fiction and what passes in YA.
**Unfortunately there's very little middle ground**. So either make this a sanitized, censored, family-friendly Middle Grade book, that a parent wouldn't cringe to read to their kids, or make it an edgy, grown-up, boundaries-pushing YA. Otherwise, you don't have a target audience, which means you don't have a publisher either. *Note:* Given your own age, I would stick to a MG novel --it will be relatively easy for you to write something kids a couple years younger would really like, but it would be hard to write for teens who have already had experiences you haven't had yet. Most kids like heroes who are a little older, so 13-year-old characters are great for 11-year-old readers. |
16,855 | What kind of module should I use to send content to a list of emails?
* I need to create a groups with list of emails.
* I need to send it to one or a few of these groups.
* I need for admins to be able to look at the email addresses which will receive the emails.
I am thinking about using mailchimp, but it does not fulfill all of my needs. Also simplenews\_roles can be a good decision, but whre is no version on drupal-7. Is there another option available? | 2011/12/06 | [
"https://drupal.stackexchange.com/questions/16855",
"https://drupal.stackexchange.com",
"https://drupal.stackexchange.com/users/4366/"
] | You can use the new [Newsletter](http://drupal.org/project/newsletter) module for D7.
Features
>
> Multiple newsletters lists configurable on terms, not vocabularies
> Plain text or HTML out of the box
> Multiple schedules Each newsletter can have more than one schedule, e.g. Daily, Monthly, Weekly, manually or even custom, eg
> after 10 new posts for this term.
> Centralized administration and configuration on single page.
> Users can customize the terms in the list they subscribe to
> Custom template per list
> Statistics (CTR and Open-Rate)
> Drupal 7 only
>
>
> | I think what you need is mailchimp integration (http://drupal.org/project/mailchimp). This module allows you to automatically send mails based on cron. But i am not sure whether you need to pay and use this. |
86,928 | Can you use canned tomato puree to make a simple tomato soup? I want to make my own tomato soup but all the recipes I find call for a blender to puree the soup, and I don't have one! So I was wondering if canned tomato puree and chicken broth will do the trick. | 2018/01/06 | [
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/questions/86928",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/users/64236/"
] | Use pureed ingredients, or puree afterward...it makes little difference. With no blender, in a pinch you can push your product through a sieve. | A tomato soup made of fresh tomatoes is really the best. What causes trouble here is the skin and the middle part of the tomatoes, the rest of them becomes puree in the course of cooking. Boil water and immerse the whole tomatos for 1 min. Then you can remove their thin skin an effortless way. Cut out their green stalks and throw them including their juice into the soup pot. You can add some cans of chopped ones if you need large quantity, but having at least half from fresh tomatos makes a difference. Otherwise I used to start with frying some finely chopped onions and celery, adding a bit of chili and tandoori masala for last 2 mins of frying, then the tomatos and water as needed. Later add finely chopped garlic and some pepper, and maybe basil. Also sweet potatoes, aubergine and parsley can make the tomato soup better, but then you really need a blender or go for a chunky soup. |
190,480 | I have 2 computers with the same OS setup, Windowx XP SP3 running firefox 3.6.10 and one has .Net Framework Assistant 1.0 installed and working on the firefox complements and the 2nd one has it saying that it is not compatible with firefox 3.6.10.
What can I do to fix it and/or reinstall the same or what should I do ? | 2010/09/19 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/190480",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/49575/"
] | The solution i found to re-install it was the follow:
1. Remove it completly using the 2nd method at <http://support.microsoft.com/?scid=kb%3Ben-us%3B963707&x=14&y=6>
2. Went to Windows Update Page and installed it once again.
With this it worked fine and there is no more conflict on firefox. | This extension requires version 3.5 SP1 of the .NET Framework to be installed. Is it possible you don't have that on the second computer? |
2,533,577 | Anyone got some good references for targeting web content to the iPad web browser? i know its still very early days but I havent got any good indicator on how to setup CSS to fix iphone/ipod touch versus the larger screen of the iPad? or do I just consider it to be like safari on the bigger Macs | 2010/03/28 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2533577",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/10676/"
] | If you can't get the SDK to play with, 9to5 Mac posted a video of Safari in the iPad simulator: [iPad Safari walthrough](http://9to5mac.com/ipad-safari-walkthru-video-4650470). They seem to think it's closer to Safari on a mac and Google doesn't look like it does on an iPhone. | From looking at the apple webpage, seems that Safari will be the iPad's browser.
[Source](http://9to5mac.com/ipad-safari-walkthru-video-4650470). |
2,533,577 | Anyone got some good references for targeting web content to the iPad web browser? i know its still very early days but I havent got any good indicator on how to setup CSS to fix iphone/ipod touch versus the larger screen of the iPad? or do I just consider it to be like safari on the bigger Macs | 2010/03/28 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2533577",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/10676/"
] | Safari for iPad is a hybrid between the desktop version of Safari and the Mobile iPhone version.
For example it supports inline video like the desktop, but scrollable div's are difficult for users to interact with just like the iPhone. (they require two fingers to scroll, which is not discoverable.
[Preparing your Content For iPad](https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/technotes/tn2010/tn2262/_index.html) is a good place to start, and the iPad Simulator is now a free download as part of the [iPhone SDK](https://developer.apple.com/iphone/). | From looking at the apple webpage, seems that Safari will be the iPad's browser.
[Source](http://9to5mac.com/ipad-safari-walkthru-video-4650470). |
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