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307,668 | ### Preface
*Skip this if you just want the question, just some background*
We've been using Google Apps for Domains for years with out any (major) issues. But yesterday I removed an alias domain and added it new (secondary) domain. Then I changed my primary email address form richard@old-company.co.uk to richard@newcompany.com.
But, this removed my admin rights, I just keep getting bounced to;
>
> <https://www.google.com/a/cpanel/newcompany.com/UserHub>
>
>
>
I can't login using richard@old-company.co.uk at:
>
> <https://www.google.com/a/old-company.co.uk/>
>
>
>
It fails and trying to reset the admin password results in a server error. And to boot richard@old-company.co.uk was/is my only admin account.
All this has resulted in my email richard@newcompany.com working but all other \*@newcompany.com emails bouncing - \*@old-company.co.uk still work however.
### Question
After scouring Google forums for answers to the above situation it seems this is a semi-regular issue but Google can take 2 weeks to respond!
What I need is an emergency mail server, I just want to point my newcompany.com MX records at this server and it to accept all emails (I can filter later). Are there services that do this, anyone will do (except Google). | 2011/09/02 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/307668",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/1786/"
] | What about something like MXLogic? (which was sold to mcafee)
It's a SaaS spam filter, but most provide outage protection, where they are storing the email for the length of the outage.
"McAfee intelligently synchronizes and delivers an accurate record of up to 60 rolling days of outage-period message activity" | We use [www.dnsmadeeasy.com](http://www.dnsmadeeasy.com) to provide backup Mail servers for us. Costs about $13/year. We simply add their mail servers to our MX records (just a lower priority than our primary server which is located elsewhere) and it works great. When our primary server comes back online we get the queued email, or if the server died, we'd sort out a new mail server and insert a new MX record.
We use [verygoodemail.com](http://Www.verygoodemail.com) (UK based, excellent customer service) for hosted email on one of our domains. It's very good value (like the suggestion for hosted exchange at rackspace) |
307,668 | ### Preface
*Skip this if you just want the question, just some background*
We've been using Google Apps for Domains for years with out any (major) issues. But yesterday I removed an alias domain and added it new (secondary) domain. Then I changed my primary email address form richard@old-company.co.uk to richard@newcompany.com.
But, this removed my admin rights, I just keep getting bounced to;
>
> <https://www.google.com/a/cpanel/newcompany.com/UserHub>
>
>
>
I can't login using richard@old-company.co.uk at:
>
> <https://www.google.com/a/old-company.co.uk/>
>
>
>
It fails and trying to reset the admin password results in a server error. And to boot richard@old-company.co.uk was/is my only admin account.
All this has resulted in my email richard@newcompany.com working but all other \*@newcompany.com emails bouncing - \*@old-company.co.uk still work however.
### Question
After scouring Google forums for answers to the above situation it seems this is a semi-regular issue but Google can take 2 weeks to respond!
What I need is an emergency mail server, I just want to point my newcompany.com MX records at this server and it to accept all emails (I can filter later). Are there services that do this, anyone will do (except Google). | 2011/09/02 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/307668",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/1786/"
] | Why not a [hosted Exchange account at Rackspace](http://www.rackspace.com/apps/email_hosting/exchange_hosting/)? 10 bucks a mailbox; setup your recipient policy, mailboxes, (remove mailbox size limits), accepted domain, change over your MX. Done.
Pull everyone's mail down as a PST when you're done; re-import into Google via their migration tools. | We use [www.dnsmadeeasy.com](http://www.dnsmadeeasy.com) to provide backup Mail servers for us. Costs about $13/year. We simply add their mail servers to our MX records (just a lower priority than our primary server which is located elsewhere) and it works great. When our primary server comes back online we get the queued email, or if the server died, we'd sort out a new mail server and insert a new MX record.
We use [verygoodemail.com](http://Www.verygoodemail.com) (UK based, excellent customer service) for hosted email on one of our domains. It's very good value (like the suggestion for hosted exchange at rackspace) |
19,011 | Considering that Soviet Union was officially atheistic and Bibles and most "Christian" denominations were banned, it is interesting to me that the government left the Russian Orthodox churches standing. It also seems that the Russian Orthodox priesthood did not have to "recuperate" and "re-establish" themselves after the collapse of Soviet Union in early 1990s.
Considering that the communist plan was probably not something like "let's leave them here in case we ever stop being communists", so was it because the Russian Orthodox religion was not banned in Soviet Union? | 2015/01/19 | [
"https://history.stackexchange.com/questions/19011",
"https://history.stackexchange.com",
"https://history.stackexchange.com/users/10069/"
] | The churches (and all religious institutions) were, essentially, [honeypots](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honeypot_%28computing%29).
They were [tightly controlled and closely observed](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%9A%D0%93%D0%91_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0) - [those who tried to avoid KGB control](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C) were suppressed.
The benefits were many:
1. early and easy identification of unreliables
2. good PR with the West ("see, we do not persecute religious people!")
3. an additional cover (on top of diplomats) for foreign agents
4. a extra venue to [influence foreign events](http://www.compromat.ru/page_25826.htm)
The alternative - forceful elimination of all religion (attempted in early twenties), in addition to losing the above benefits, entails the additional costs of a military action against the inevitable religious resistance.
**PS1**. Given that ["there is no authority except from God"](http://biblehub.com/romans/13-1.htm), as soon as the Soviet authorities declared an armistice, the Church leaders gladly rendered the State [all support it asked for](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Russian_Orthodox_clergy_who_spied_for_the_Soviet_Union) (see, e.g., [Alexy I](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patriarch_Alexy_I_of_Moscow) who received [Order of the Red Banner of Labour](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_Red_Banner_of_Labour) **four** times).
**PS2**. See also [my other](https://history.stackexchange.com/a/51065/1979) [answers](https://history.stackexchange.com/a/11495/1979). | In the very early years of the Soviet Union, religion, specifically, the Russian Orthodox Christian Church, was both banned, as well as the target of wrathful and rabidly anti-religious desecration, discrimination and destruction. For the early Bolsheviks, the Russian Orthodox Church and the Tsar, were essentially, "two sides of the same coin"........in other words, they were viewed to be inseparable and indistinguishable. To the founding generation of Bolshevik Communists, the Tsar and the Church, were Medieval oriented institutions... anachronisms and antiquities that had to be forcibly discarded.
After Lenin's passing, the Soviet Union officially became, an atheistic state whereby religion, in particular, Orthodox Christianity, was officially banned. It was probably an unwise move to have expressed pro religious sentiments in the streets of Moscow, Leningrad or other Soviet Russian cities during much of the 20th century. Yet, despite the official ban, the Russian Orthodox Church did manage to survive and exist within Soviet Russia. In a way, Soviet Russia, never completely extricated itself, nor did it completely disassociate, disaffiliate or divorce itself from the Orthodox Church.
When Mikhail Gorbachev came to power in 1985, his programs were initially designed to liberalize and modernize the old Soviet system-(but not necessarily to universally dismantle it). Both Perestrokia and particularly, Glasnost, were near revolutionary programs-(by traditional Soviet standards) and such a liberalization effort included, the rejuvenation of the Russian Orthodox Church as an active public institution. (Though it really wasn't until after Gorbachev, specifically during the 1990's, that the Orthodox Church experienced a near renaissance in Russia which is present to this day). |
145,737 | I am designing a profile creation screen which allows the user to add a birthday (optional). If they add a birthday, there is an additional dependent dropdown that allows them to set a reminder for predetermined amount of time before the day (i.e. day of, 1 day before, 1 week before, etc.) I am having trouble with designing the dropdown so that users can know the alert is connected to the birthday and is also dependent on that form. I do not want to hide the alert form, as I want the users to know it's an option before having to enter their birthday. Here is what I currently have
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/7LUPr.png)
I personally feel unclear about the reminder dropdown being greyed out, but still aligned with the birthday selection. Should I indent the reminder option to make it clear it's related to the birthday? Is there any way I could use spacing to indicate they're related? Or is there any other way I can do this without hiding the feature? If this design is fine, please tell me the reasons as to why it works, because to me I feel that there is no proper hierarchy in the design since everything is properly aligned. | 2023/02/21 | [
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/145737",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/users/157935/"
] | **Proximity, and therefore association**, can be improved by bringing the birthday reminder up alongside the date:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/LfHJN.png)
With improved association the "Birthday Reminder" label becomes redundant.
Also, no need to disable the Reminder control. The default and visible option, "Never", clearly explains what to expect and makes it easy to skip if not needed without examining the other options. | #### Try using to **progressive disclosure** to reveal the reminder *when* they enter the birthday option.
Since the birthday is optional, having the extra 'reminder' control is unnecessary (and potentially confusing) if they won't fill out the control on which it's dependent upon.
Why not take advantage of interaction flow and time, revealing the element *only* once the user has chosen to enter a birthday? This will reveal the relationship between the birthday and the reminder:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/PUPMM.png)
#### Updated option: What if it's important to surface the feature?
@bloodyKnuckles brings up a fair point about hinting at a feature in order to encourage its use.
In that case, I'm still holding off the complete interaction *until* they enter the birthday field. My thoughts are that seeing a disabled, negative state (like the 'Never' dropdown) cause more friction, that a checkbox 'opt-in' that enables for possible completion once the birthday is entered.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/oAoEV.png)
I'm not sure about your use case, but I used a checkbox control to allow them to opt-in. It does mean it's another click for the user, but it allows them to feel like they're giving explicit permission in this case. |
31,868,089 | So I have here a .NET C# web app that needs one page able to be viewed offline as a user could be off in the middle of *'whoop whoop'* with no internet.
The order of events are:
1. User visits a form online
2. Store the webpage using HTML5 so they can visit it later offline
3. When online - the user then can submit the form to the database
I've been looking over [HTML5 appcache](http://html5doctor.com/go-offline-with-application-cache/) however it seems to only reference physical .html or .php pages rather than storing pages which have been generated by 'Razor' .cshtml Views.
e.g. **domain.com/path/view**.
I haven't been able to find any relevant documentation for my problem either.
So is it possible to cache a .NET webapp ofline? | 2015/08/07 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/31868089",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/4048628/"
] | Although I have not tried it, and assuming your app uses ASP.NET MVC, this might help you:
[Build an HTML5 Offline Application with Application Cache, Web Storage and ASP.NET MVC](http://www.codemag.com/Article/1112051)
It uses HTML5 Offline Web Application API (or HTML Application Cache). Note the comment on browser support.
The linked article shows a sample application, but I could not see a link to a downloadable source code. But one commenter appears to have recreated the project. | The appcache is what you need. Note that you specify the pages to be cached, but the browser never sees if the page is a static .html or generated via Razor. As long as the path you specify opens the right page, it will be cached. |
35,662 | I plan on mounting my bed to the walls of my room. You can say that it will look like a loft bed without the legs. To make it look like it really is floating, I won't be using angle brackets. Instead, I plan on mounting the frame using multiple relatively long and thick bolts.
The bolts will go through the frames instead of under it like with brackets. The house is made of concrete so I'm pretty sure the walls can take the load of the bed, me, and lots more. The wood that will be used will be wood that is normally used for making beds so I'm pretty sure it can handle my weight too.
**First Problem**
-----------------
My problem is if the bolts can withstand all the weight and transfer them to the wall. I will use thick enough and long enough bolts for these. How thick and how long exactly, I'm still not sure. Please look at the diagram below to see what I'm trying to say.
If you are wondering why I'm only bolting the bed on the short sides of the frame, that's because the back wall (which one of the long frames is touching) has a window in it (at best, I might be able to put a few more bolts near the corners). The bed frame is made using 1" x 4" pieces of wood. I also plan on making the frame capable of being disassembled.
Do you think this is feasible? If so, how long and thick should the bolts be? Is 3/8" thick enough? Is 4 inches long enough (I can get longer bolts if necessary)? What material should the bolt be made of? How many should I use?
**Second problem**
------------------
My next problem would be is that the walls of my room are not parallel with each other so a rectangular bed won't be touching the walls on both the short sides. See the diagram below to see what I'm saying:
As you can see, the left side of the bed isn't fully touching the wall. While I can still attach the frame to the wall, I don't like seeing any space in between. I think the space in between would be an inch or so at its widest.
First thing I've thought of doing is to just make the frame adapt to the shape of the room. Can anyone suggest a better solution to this as I would rather have a rectangular bed just so that I won't have an irregularly shaped bed when I move it or convert it to a regular one.
Another solution I've thought of is to make a wedge that will fit the space. I'm not sure though if that's an easy task (by the way, I will hire professionals to make the bed). Another is I can just make a small piece of wood to cover the front side of the space. This is easier than making a wedge but I don't think it's pretty to look at from below or over the bed.
What do you guys think? | 2013/11/12 | [
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/35662",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/18061/"
] | As long as the wood that you use to construct your bed frame is strong enough in its own right to be used as a bed frame you should have no problems supporting the frame from both ends by bolting into the concrete wall.
Bolts that are 1/2" in diameter should be plenty strong in shear to support a bed frame mounted in this manner. Three or four equally spaced bolts per end would give you an even distribution of support for the frame at each of the concrete walls. If you can penetrate the walls by two to three inches and install good quality anchors there should be no problems with the bolts staying tight and in place. Using a drop-in internally threaded anchor type should provide you the ability to use standard threaded bolts that can then be **removed easily with the anchor staying in place in the wall**. If you look at the [RM-12 type you'll need 5/8 inch holes in the wall](http://www.itwredhead.com/specifications.php?Multi-Set-II-Selection-Chart-28) that are a minimum of 2" deep. [This type of anchor also includes the need of a setting tool](http://www.itwredhead.com/instructions.php?Multi-Set-II-Anchor-8) to expand the anchor into the concrete before installing the threaded bolts. The RM-12 offers a 3/4" thread depth.
For best application of the bed frame it would be recommended to build it to fit to the shape of the walls so that the end pieces can be solidly bolted up to the wall. If you elect to stay with the rectangular frame and then I would recommend that backer be placed behind the end piece where each bolt is located. Obviously a wedge piece, as you surmised, would be the best as a full length backer. If you do go with just backer blocks or the wedge one way to get a nice look would be to add an additional facer trim board as shown below. If the gap out of square across the width of the bed is only 1" you will never notice it once you get a matress and bedding up on the deck.
 | If your walls are Brick, you will have no load problems at all!... IMO, your biggest challenge/consideration is the buckling of the frame. But if you are confident that the bed frame is rigid enough then bolting to the wall will not be a problem.
In terms of the bolts. I would recommend the use of Expanding Bolts (specifically M10(10mm) or 7/16) this will require a 12mm hole in the wall.
The benefit of this type of anchor is that it will anchor in the wall and as you tighten the bolt, will press the frame securely to the wall (this will mitigate the risk of frame buckle)
You will need only 4 bolts (two on each short side) but if I were you i would fit one extra on the long side.
Your problem with the angled wall is simple, just get a longer bolt and use a spacer to mitigate the angle. (see graphic)
 |
35,662 | I plan on mounting my bed to the walls of my room. You can say that it will look like a loft bed without the legs. To make it look like it really is floating, I won't be using angle brackets. Instead, I plan on mounting the frame using multiple relatively long and thick bolts.
The bolts will go through the frames instead of under it like with brackets. The house is made of concrete so I'm pretty sure the walls can take the load of the bed, me, and lots more. The wood that will be used will be wood that is normally used for making beds so I'm pretty sure it can handle my weight too.
**First Problem**
-----------------
My problem is if the bolts can withstand all the weight and transfer them to the wall. I will use thick enough and long enough bolts for these. How thick and how long exactly, I'm still not sure. Please look at the diagram below to see what I'm trying to say.
If you are wondering why I'm only bolting the bed on the short sides of the frame, that's because the back wall (which one of the long frames is touching) has a window in it (at best, I might be able to put a few more bolts near the corners). The bed frame is made using 1" x 4" pieces of wood. I also plan on making the frame capable of being disassembled.
Do you think this is feasible? If so, how long and thick should the bolts be? Is 3/8" thick enough? Is 4 inches long enough (I can get longer bolts if necessary)? What material should the bolt be made of? How many should I use?
**Second problem**
------------------
My next problem would be is that the walls of my room are not parallel with each other so a rectangular bed won't be touching the walls on both the short sides. See the diagram below to see what I'm saying:
As you can see, the left side of the bed isn't fully touching the wall. While I can still attach the frame to the wall, I don't like seeing any space in between. I think the space in between would be an inch or so at its widest.
First thing I've thought of doing is to just make the frame adapt to the shape of the room. Can anyone suggest a better solution to this as I would rather have a rectangular bed just so that I won't have an irregularly shaped bed when I move it or convert it to a regular one.
Another solution I've thought of is to make a wedge that will fit the space. I'm not sure though if that's an easy task (by the way, I will hire professionals to make the bed). Another is I can just make a small piece of wood to cover the front side of the space. This is easier than making a wedge but I don't think it's pretty to look at from below or over the bed.
What do you guys think? | 2013/11/12 | [
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/35662",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/18061/"
] | As long as the wood that you use to construct your bed frame is strong enough in its own right to be used as a bed frame you should have no problems supporting the frame from both ends by bolting into the concrete wall.
Bolts that are 1/2" in diameter should be plenty strong in shear to support a bed frame mounted in this manner. Three or four equally spaced bolts per end would give you an even distribution of support for the frame at each of the concrete walls. If you can penetrate the walls by two to three inches and install good quality anchors there should be no problems with the bolts staying tight and in place. Using a drop-in internally threaded anchor type should provide you the ability to use standard threaded bolts that can then be **removed easily with the anchor staying in place in the wall**. If you look at the [RM-12 type you'll need 5/8 inch holes in the wall](http://www.itwredhead.com/specifications.php?Multi-Set-II-Selection-Chart-28) that are a minimum of 2" deep. [This type of anchor also includes the need of a setting tool](http://www.itwredhead.com/instructions.php?Multi-Set-II-Anchor-8) to expand the anchor into the concrete before installing the threaded bolts. The RM-12 offers a 3/4" thread depth.
For best application of the bed frame it would be recommended to build it to fit to the shape of the walls so that the end pieces can be solidly bolted up to the wall. If you elect to stay with the rectangular frame and then I would recommend that backer be placed behind the end piece where each bolt is located. Obviously a wedge piece, as you surmised, would be the best as a full length backer. If you do go with just backer blocks or the wedge one way to get a nice look would be to add an additional facer trim board as shown below. If the gap out of square across the width of the bed is only 1" you will never notice it once you get a matress and bedding up on the deck.
 | With 1" x 4" lumber for the sides, your problem will not be the anchors, but rather splitting of the wood with the grain. But you can get around this by putting bolts low on the 4" side, and backing them with something thicker (so you have 2 or more inches of wood for the bolts to bear on).
I'd have the bed built to match the wall, then have triangular baffle so the mattress does not slide. Perhaps you can make a cell phone or reading glasses pocket out of that space.
The project is 100% feasible as described. |
35,662 | I plan on mounting my bed to the walls of my room. You can say that it will look like a loft bed without the legs. To make it look like it really is floating, I won't be using angle brackets. Instead, I plan on mounting the frame using multiple relatively long and thick bolts.
The bolts will go through the frames instead of under it like with brackets. The house is made of concrete so I'm pretty sure the walls can take the load of the bed, me, and lots more. The wood that will be used will be wood that is normally used for making beds so I'm pretty sure it can handle my weight too.
**First Problem**
-----------------
My problem is if the bolts can withstand all the weight and transfer them to the wall. I will use thick enough and long enough bolts for these. How thick and how long exactly, I'm still not sure. Please look at the diagram below to see what I'm trying to say.
If you are wondering why I'm only bolting the bed on the short sides of the frame, that's because the back wall (which one of the long frames is touching) has a window in it (at best, I might be able to put a few more bolts near the corners). The bed frame is made using 1" x 4" pieces of wood. I also plan on making the frame capable of being disassembled.
Do you think this is feasible? If so, how long and thick should the bolts be? Is 3/8" thick enough? Is 4 inches long enough (I can get longer bolts if necessary)? What material should the bolt be made of? How many should I use?
**Second problem**
------------------
My next problem would be is that the walls of my room are not parallel with each other so a rectangular bed won't be touching the walls on both the short sides. See the diagram below to see what I'm saying:
As you can see, the left side of the bed isn't fully touching the wall. While I can still attach the frame to the wall, I don't like seeing any space in between. I think the space in between would be an inch or so at its widest.
First thing I've thought of doing is to just make the frame adapt to the shape of the room. Can anyone suggest a better solution to this as I would rather have a rectangular bed just so that I won't have an irregularly shaped bed when I move it or convert it to a regular one.
Another solution I've thought of is to make a wedge that will fit the space. I'm not sure though if that's an easy task (by the way, I will hire professionals to make the bed). Another is I can just make a small piece of wood to cover the front side of the space. This is easier than making a wedge but I don't think it's pretty to look at from below or over the bed.
What do you guys think? | 2013/11/12 | [
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/35662",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/18061/"
] | As long as the wood that you use to construct your bed frame is strong enough in its own right to be used as a bed frame you should have no problems supporting the frame from both ends by bolting into the concrete wall.
Bolts that are 1/2" in diameter should be plenty strong in shear to support a bed frame mounted in this manner. Three or four equally spaced bolts per end would give you an even distribution of support for the frame at each of the concrete walls. If you can penetrate the walls by two to three inches and install good quality anchors there should be no problems with the bolts staying tight and in place. Using a drop-in internally threaded anchor type should provide you the ability to use standard threaded bolts that can then be **removed easily with the anchor staying in place in the wall**. If you look at the [RM-12 type you'll need 5/8 inch holes in the wall](http://www.itwredhead.com/specifications.php?Multi-Set-II-Selection-Chart-28) that are a minimum of 2" deep. [This type of anchor also includes the need of a setting tool](http://www.itwredhead.com/instructions.php?Multi-Set-II-Anchor-8) to expand the anchor into the concrete before installing the threaded bolts. The RM-12 offers a 3/4" thread depth.
For best application of the bed frame it would be recommended to build it to fit to the shape of the walls so that the end pieces can be solidly bolted up to the wall. If you elect to stay with the rectangular frame and then I would recommend that backer be placed behind the end piece where each bolt is located. Obviously a wedge piece, as you surmised, would be the best as a full length backer. If you do go with just backer blocks or the wedge one way to get a nice look would be to add an additional facer trim board as shown below. If the gap out of square across the width of the bed is only 1" you will never notice it once you get a matress and bedding up on the deck.
 | I had a similar bed my Dad made for me after I fell in love with my friends as a pre-teen.
He attached only two sides by bolts to the walls, thick walls of redwood as a bed frame, to surround me in bed, the other two sides came out and met flush like crown molding. My bed was in a corner.
But the outstanding corner, where much of the weight was balanced resolved with a simple thick metal chain that went up through the ceiling and was anchored balanced up there in the attic.
Just a suggestion but to displace the weight, I really did enjoy the floating feel and one line going up disturbed very little. And I felt safe.
I then had a couch and a desk with an aquarium on that, making for lots of living in a small space. |
40,977 | I'm doing my master's degree in computer science in a university in Germany.
Unfortunately, I'm not one of the best students; my average mark will be around 2.8.
How important is the average mark when applying for a job?
I know, there are other important factors, such as work experience, etc.
But I'm afraid that if another applicant has an average mark of, say, 1.8, they will just ignore my application. | 2015/01/31 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/40977",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/32375/"
] | Take a step back for a moment. Why do you feel you need to ask questions? I appreciate that people want to be seen in the most positive light possible but if you are asking questions for the sake of asking questions, we need another approach.
The best way to handle questions in an interview is to **turn the interview more into a conversation**. For example, a few years back an interviewer asked me many questions about dealing with remote workers. I took the opportunity to ask about their company structure, how many remote workers they had and how they were managed (e.g. through a third party or employees, management structure, metrics). No only did this show I had some experience in the area but I was able to give them much better answers to their questions.
There are many techniques for this. For example, "Can I ask you a bit more about your situation to answer the question better?", "Let me answer that question in a moment. First, can I ask you ...?" or "Before I answer that, do you use technique X or Y because that will influence the answer?".
If you must prepare questions, you need to **tailor questions to the interviewer and interview process stage**. For example, questions about the salary and benefits are best left towards the end. General questions about the company should be asked early. Questions about strategy, direction and metrics are best asked to management. Questions about culture, tools and technical details are best asked to individual contributors or subordinates.
Questions you should always ask are included below. I am trying to keep these general. In some roles, the answers will be obvious or not applicable. Remember to ask peers and subordinates, too, as they will give you different perspectives to your prospective manager.
1. Who will I be reporting to? Am I answerable to multiple people (matrix management)? If so, who are they and what do they expect/require?
2. Who will be reporting to me? What is my approximate budget? (If you are not in a management role, ask whether you will be mentoring or assisting junior staff instead)
3. Who will I be working with (number of people, number of different roles)? How big is my team? How experienced are the team members? Will I be working with anyone remote or in a different time zone?
4. How is the role measured e.g. metrics? If I am successful, what will I have done? Are there any immediate problems as you see it?
5. Is this role a new role or am I replacing someone? If I am replacing someone, why did they leave? If this is a new role, what triggered the role creation? (Best asked to your prospective manager. You could ask HR this but you will likely get a sanitized answer.)
6. Does the role involve overtime or travel? If so, what is the expectation? (The next question is best asked to a peer) What overtime or travel have you done in the last week/month/quarter? Do people keep regular hours? Do people regularly work from home?
7. Where is the role located? Is it just in one office or is it multiple locations? Is the company planning to move in the foreseeable future?
8. What tools (e.g. software, programming languages) will I be using? Am I considered the expert or are others already familiar with them? Does the company have any specific policies or standards that apply to this role?
9. What do you expect a day in this role to be like? Do you follow any standard practices or techniques (e.g. scrum, six sigma, cash versus accrual accounting)? If so, have you customized it?
10. How do you see this role growing or changing overtime? In a year's time, how will it be different to today?
If you find all your questions are answered throughout the interview, say that. For example. "I had some questions about my goals and metrics but we already covered that earlier so I have no questions for now. However, if I have further questions can I contact you?" | First, write notes during the interview because you may find that something they say will inspire a question or two. "*How* many hours did you say your typical week was?" But if inspiration fails during the interview, have a couple of non-traditional questions ready. If you're facing a business person, ask "What was your biggest technology challenge?" If you're across the table from a technologist, ask "Is it easy or challenging [for him/her] to understand the business needs that drive the firm's technology solutions?" If you're talking with a manager, ask "Recalling your least favorite manager, which qualities did that person lack?" (Be ready for follow-up to their response of "What do you mean?")
These curve-ball questions have two redeeming qualities: 1) They don't sound canned. Avoid those! 2) They force the other person to think for a moment (and avoid an equally-canned answer). These types of questions can elicit personal stories and take an otherwise stiff meeting and loosen it up a bit. Just make sure the questions are real. Snark is never appreciated by the other side of the table.
I've had interviews that resembled arguments before the Supreme Court: Six to eight employees at once with one employee asking me a question and the others listening closely, ready to pounce. The occasional curve-ball does wonders to break the ice, illicit a chuckle/personal story and reduce the overall tension of the whole affair. |
17,200 | I just downloaded GUIMiner for my Windows and in the tutorial they said that i should create a miner. I have no idea how to do it. Could someone tell me? | 2013/11/24 | [
"https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/questions/17200",
"https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com",
"https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/users/9249/"
] | It will take significant resources (probably more electricity than can be generated by all fossil fuels on Earth) and time (orders of magnitude greater than the age of the universe) to generate a complete Bitcoin address "rainbow table".
See [these answers](https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/a/3205/3597) for more details. | You would hit the heat death of the universe before you came anywhere close to generating even a single already used key pair.
If you don't understand the math in the key pair generation you should take that as an indicator of the uncertain ground on which you tread. |
96,978 | I want to monitor my Windows Server 2008 and get notified if there're any issues.
examples of what to monitor: running out of space, service shut down, errors in event log, unsuccessful (and successful) log-in attempts, etc.
any suggestions? preferably free or cheap solution. I host on vps, it wouldn't make sense for monitoring to cost as much as 1-2 years of hosting. | 2009/12/23 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/96978",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/7708/"
] | [Zabbix](http://zabbix.org/) - the only tool you need. | You could setup SNMP and then run Nagios to do the actual monitoring on the server itself. You won't get graph data out of Nagios without a little bit of hacking though, and it's not the greatest. For graphing you could look into Cacti or MRTG. I personally use Cacti and Nagios for monitoring.
SNMP Service: <http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb726987.aspx>
Nagios: <http://nagios.org/>
Cacti: <http://www.cacti.net/> |
96,978 | I want to monitor my Windows Server 2008 and get notified if there're any issues.
examples of what to monitor: running out of space, service shut down, errors in event log, unsuccessful (and successful) log-in attempts, etc.
any suggestions? preferably free or cheap solution. I host on vps, it wouldn't make sense for monitoring to cost as much as 1-2 years of hosting. | 2009/12/23 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/96978",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/7708/"
] | If you're using Win2k8 you can use `perfmon` to monitor and launch a batch file or powershell script to send you an email using alerts.
If you're planning on monitoring more than one server, or want graphing you'll probably want to look at implementing Nagios. If you go the Nagios route I recommend implementing a frontend such as [Centreon](http://www.centreon.com). | You could setup SNMP and then run Nagios to do the actual monitoring on the server itself. You won't get graph data out of Nagios without a little bit of hacking though, and it's not the greatest. For graphing you could look into Cacti or MRTG. I personally use Cacti and Nagios for monitoring.
SNMP Service: <http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb726987.aspx>
Nagios: <http://nagios.org/>
Cacti: <http://www.cacti.net/> |
96,978 | I want to monitor my Windows Server 2008 and get notified if there're any issues.
examples of what to monitor: running out of space, service shut down, errors in event log, unsuccessful (and successful) log-in attempts, etc.
any suggestions? preferably free or cheap solution. I host on vps, it wouldn't make sense for monitoring to cost as much as 1-2 years of hosting. | 2009/12/23 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/96978",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/7708/"
] | I definitely recommend Zabbix too. It's user friendlier then other similar solutions(cacti, nagios) And the built in capabilities are great - graphs, notifications, dashboards.
It has a monitoring agent for windows, but because you host on vps, you will probably need some sort of VPN tunnel to access it. | You could setup SNMP and then run Nagios to do the actual monitoring on the server itself. You won't get graph data out of Nagios without a little bit of hacking though, and it's not the greatest. For graphing you could look into Cacti or MRTG. I personally use Cacti and Nagios for monitoring.
SNMP Service: <http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb726987.aspx>
Nagios: <http://nagios.org/>
Cacti: <http://www.cacti.net/> |
96,978 | I want to monitor my Windows Server 2008 and get notified if there're any issues.
examples of what to monitor: running out of space, service shut down, errors in event log, unsuccessful (and successful) log-in attempts, etc.
any suggestions? preferably free or cheap solution. I host on vps, it wouldn't make sense for monitoring to cost as much as 1-2 years of hosting. | 2009/12/23 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/96978",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/7708/"
] | [Zabbix](http://zabbix.org/) - the only tool you need. | If you're using Win2k8 you can use `perfmon` to monitor and launch a batch file or powershell script to send you an email using alerts.
If you're planning on monitoring more than one server, or want graphing you'll probably want to look at implementing Nagios. If you go the Nagios route I recommend implementing a frontend such as [Centreon](http://www.centreon.com). |
96,978 | I want to monitor my Windows Server 2008 and get notified if there're any issues.
examples of what to monitor: running out of space, service shut down, errors in event log, unsuccessful (and successful) log-in attempts, etc.
any suggestions? preferably free or cheap solution. I host on vps, it wouldn't make sense for monitoring to cost as much as 1-2 years of hosting. | 2009/12/23 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/96978",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/7708/"
] | [Zabbix](http://zabbix.org/) - the only tool you need. | I definitely recommend Zabbix too. It's user friendlier then other similar solutions(cacti, nagios) And the built in capabilities are great - graphs, notifications, dashboards.
It has a monitoring agent for windows, but because you host on vps, you will probably need some sort of VPN tunnel to access it. |
497,601 | I am looking for an adjective which could work with the "**end of the story**", meaning predictability, shallowness. Now I am deciding between "*flat*" (in [Freedictionary](https://www.thefreedictionary.com/flat) 5th,6th, and 12th explanations work well) and "[*plain*](https://www.thefreedictionary.com/plain)" (because it helps to transfer the obviousness, simplicity). Unfortunately, I can't really see the difference between the two synonymes. What would you advise to focus on? | 2019/05/07 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/497601",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/347469/"
] | Of the two words you are considering, I would choose **flat**.
As in: [Writers Relief](http://writersrelief.com/2016/02/18/write-happy-ending-doesnt-fall-flat-checklist/)
>
> How To Write A Happy Ending That Doesn’t **Fall Flat**
>
>
> | I would recommend you use the word "[banal](https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/banal)" which means:
>
> lacking originality, freshness, or novelty.
>
>
>
Examples include:
>
> Drake hit us with a 25-song-long album last night, and while
> discussing the length of albums is as banal as talking about the
> weather: Ye’s was so short!
>
>
>
— Allison P. Davis, The Cut, "What Songs Should You Listen To on Scorpion?," 29 June 2018
And
>
> The more banal, the more commonplace, the more predictable, the
> triter, the staler, the dumber, the better.
>
>
>
— Don DeLillo, Mao II, 1991
<https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/banal>
You might also consider the adjective "[pedestrian](https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pedestrian)," which means:
>
> "commonplace, unimaginative."
>
>
> |
483,580 | I've found papers that seem to suggest that these concepts are the same, like this one: <https://arxiv.org/abs/1005.3854>
But I've found answers in Physics Stack Exchange that say that both are incompatible. Although other answers say they are related: [Entropy and the principle of least action](https://physics.stackexchange.com/q/47581/)
I hope you could clarify this confusion. Why is this so unclear? Why are there contradicting arguments?
In summary: When there is an action, does it have any associated/related entropy? Is every action related to entropy? Are these the same? Are these completely incompatible?? Has physics advanced enough to know a definitive answer? | 2019/05/31 | [
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/483580",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | There is no universal relation in standard accepted physics. Nowadays there are attempts to find conceptual link between these and also other attractive, so far unconnected concepts, but one must be wary of surface similarities and cheap analogies.
Entropy in its original meaning is a characteristic of state beyond the scope of pure mechanics. Later, different kinds of entropy were introduced, for example entropy that is a function of probability distribution on some space.
Action, on the other hand, is a characteristic of a process in time and space in mechanics or in field theory. It does not depend on any probability, but depends on a trajectory.
These are concepts from different theories describing different *kinds* of things. | We have shown that entropy is a logarithmic function of the action ratio (@/hbar) and the entropy of atmospheric gases is easily calculated using this approach (Kennedy et al. Entropy, 21, 45, 2019). Entropy indicates the scale of energy needed to sustain the action of a molecular system. This approach provides a new way to understand the Carnot cycle (Entropy 23, 860, 2021 and to understand chemical reaction rates. At event horizons, the bits of quantum action contained in the horizon are a direct measure of the entropy. |
3,221 | I recently came across a question in the review queue that had attracted a couple close votes as "primarily opinion based" ([What is the best practice for aligning table content for text/number mix](https://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/114327/what-is-the-best-practice-for-aligning-table-content-for-text-number-mix)).
Sure, I can see how it could be answered with "it's just a matter of opinion" and just close it as such, but **[the answer that was provided](https://ux.stackexchange.com/a/114329) was more useful than a silent close-vote**. In this case, I believe it's beneficial to the OP to note that the reason for aligning table contents to the right is so the decimal point lines up and it's easier to compare numbers of different lengths, and thus, in this case it doesn't really matter either way.
To contrive another example, imagine a well-written question that asks "Should I use pattern X or pattern Y for this type of application?" Unless there's a clear-cut better design for this use case, this seems like a question that many users might reflexively flag as "primarily opinion based". In reality, however, the poster might greatly benefit from an analysis of the pros and cons of pattern X and pattern Y, even if the answers conclude that it's just a matter of opinion.
**In some cases, *even though the answer might ultimately be just a matter of opinion*, is it fair to leave a question open when there's more to be said?** | 2017/12/18 | [
"https://ux.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/3221",
"https://ux.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://ux.meta.stackexchange.com/users/77811/"
] | Maybe this is obvious to everyone but me, but it used to be a bit unclear for me.
The litmus test I've been using to distinguish what action to take is whether there is **actual UX commentary to be had** or not.
For example:
>
> Question 1: Should the tabs in my horizontal navigation bar all be the same width?
>
>
>
This question could easily be thought of as "it's up to you... It can work just fine both ways" and get punctuated with a close vote.
However, this question could evoke answers that discuss readability, Fitts's Law, user expectation, aesthetic balance, et cetera.
**There are real UX topics to discuss.**
>
> Question 2: Should I use the phrase "Send Feedback" or "Share Feedback"?
>
>
>
This question has little-to-no impact on overall user experience, and will likely not attract responses much better than "*'Send Feedback' is what I've seen most often.*"
**There is not much UX substance behind this question**, so all that remains is personal opinion/preference.
---
In short, if the question touches on real UX themes, I've been voting to keep it open.
If there is little-to-no UX substance, *that's* when I vote to close. Essentially, the "primarily opinion-based" means "it really doesn't matter from a UX perspective." | That question doesn't seem close-worthy to me. It's a 'I have situation X, what is the solution' which fits the scope of the site.
Now, with such questions there may not be a correct answer, *but that is still an answer to the question* - there is no defined standard. (Although being able to prove something doesn't exist is philosophically tricky!)
So really I don't think your question is exactly correct here. I don't think the linked question is one that's a matter of opinion, it's a specific situation. Things get a bit more subjective as the scope of the question grows. '*Should I align all my cells left or right*' for example. In that case we don't have enough details to be able to give a correct answer, so it's broad and opinion-based. But tighter focussed questions are more likely to be answerable (at least theoretically). |
3,221 | I recently came across a question in the review queue that had attracted a couple close votes as "primarily opinion based" ([What is the best practice for aligning table content for text/number mix](https://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/114327/what-is-the-best-practice-for-aligning-table-content-for-text-number-mix)).
Sure, I can see how it could be answered with "it's just a matter of opinion" and just close it as such, but **[the answer that was provided](https://ux.stackexchange.com/a/114329) was more useful than a silent close-vote**. In this case, I believe it's beneficial to the OP to note that the reason for aligning table contents to the right is so the decimal point lines up and it's easier to compare numbers of different lengths, and thus, in this case it doesn't really matter either way.
To contrive another example, imagine a well-written question that asks "Should I use pattern X or pattern Y for this type of application?" Unless there's a clear-cut better design for this use case, this seems like a question that many users might reflexively flag as "primarily opinion based". In reality, however, the poster might greatly benefit from an analysis of the pros and cons of pattern X and pattern Y, even if the answers conclude that it's just a matter of opinion.
**In some cases, *even though the answer might ultimately be just a matter of opinion*, is it fair to leave a question open when there's more to be said?** | 2017/12/18 | [
"https://ux.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/3221",
"https://ux.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://ux.meta.stackexchange.com/users/77811/"
] | Keep questions open when it is possible to respond with an evidence-based answer.
**Background**
The word *opinion* has [multiple senses](https://ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?id=O5107500%20%E2%80%9CAmerican%20Heritage%20Dictionary,%205th%20Edition%E2%80%9D). The *American Heritage Dictionary* lists senses of a word ranked from most common usage to least common (see: [Order of Senses](https://ahdictionary.com/word/howtouse.html)). The first two senses of the word *opinion* are:
>
> 1. A belief or conclusion held with confidence but not substantiated by positive knowledge or proof: "The world is not run by thought, nor by imagination, but by opinion" (Elizabeth Drew).
> 2. A judgment based on special knowledge and given by an expert: a medical opinion.
>
>
>
The Stack Exchange [tour](https://stackexchange.com/tour) guides users to “avoid questions that are primarily opinion based”. That statement is evidence that the Stack Exchange community discourages unsubstantiated beliefs (Opinion 1). However, the Stack Exchange [main page](https://stackexchange.com) says “experts like you can vote on posts, so the most helpful answers are easy to find.” The words *expert* and *vote* are evidence that expert judgement (Opinion 2) is encouraged and, in fact, a key element of the community.
**Conclusion: A Question Test**
When deciding whether to close a question as “primarily opinion-based” consider the following:
1. Is a community member likely to research the question in articles, books, or publications recognized by the UX community and draw a meaningful conclusion with citations?
2. Is a community member likely to answer the question through experimentation and report back findings?
3. Is a community member likely to answer the question based upon professional experience gained handling analogous situations on the job?
If the answer to at least one of these questions is “yes”, then the question probably deserves an answer. If the answer to all three of these questions is “no”, then the question is a candidate for closure because it is unlikely an answer will meet the standard of “substantiated by positive knowledge or proof”. | That question doesn't seem close-worthy to me. It's a 'I have situation X, what is the solution' which fits the scope of the site.
Now, with such questions there may not be a correct answer, *but that is still an answer to the question* - there is no defined standard. (Although being able to prove something doesn't exist is philosophically tricky!)
So really I don't think your question is exactly correct here. I don't think the linked question is one that's a matter of opinion, it's a specific situation. Things get a bit more subjective as the scope of the question grows. '*Should I align all my cells left or right*' for example. In that case we don't have enough details to be able to give a correct answer, so it's broad and opinion-based. But tighter focussed questions are more likely to be answerable (at least theoretically). |
3,221 | I recently came across a question in the review queue that had attracted a couple close votes as "primarily opinion based" ([What is the best practice for aligning table content for text/number mix](https://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/114327/what-is-the-best-practice-for-aligning-table-content-for-text-number-mix)).
Sure, I can see how it could be answered with "it's just a matter of opinion" and just close it as such, but **[the answer that was provided](https://ux.stackexchange.com/a/114329) was more useful than a silent close-vote**. In this case, I believe it's beneficial to the OP to note that the reason for aligning table contents to the right is so the decimal point lines up and it's easier to compare numbers of different lengths, and thus, in this case it doesn't really matter either way.
To contrive another example, imagine a well-written question that asks "Should I use pattern X or pattern Y for this type of application?" Unless there's a clear-cut better design for this use case, this seems like a question that many users might reflexively flag as "primarily opinion based". In reality, however, the poster might greatly benefit from an analysis of the pros and cons of pattern X and pattern Y, even if the answers conclude that it's just a matter of opinion.
**In some cases, *even though the answer might ultimately be just a matter of opinion*, is it fair to leave a question open when there's more to be said?** | 2017/12/18 | [
"https://ux.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/3221",
"https://ux.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://ux.meta.stackexchange.com/users/77811/"
] | Maybe this is obvious to everyone but me, but it used to be a bit unclear for me.
The litmus test I've been using to distinguish what action to take is whether there is **actual UX commentary to be had** or not.
For example:
>
> Question 1: Should the tabs in my horizontal navigation bar all be the same width?
>
>
>
This question could easily be thought of as "it's up to you... It can work just fine both ways" and get punctuated with a close vote.
However, this question could evoke answers that discuss readability, Fitts's Law, user expectation, aesthetic balance, et cetera.
**There are real UX topics to discuss.**
>
> Question 2: Should I use the phrase "Send Feedback" or "Share Feedback"?
>
>
>
This question has little-to-no impact on overall user experience, and will likely not attract responses much better than "*'Send Feedback' is what I've seen most often.*"
**There is not much UX substance behind this question**, so all that remains is personal opinion/preference.
---
In short, if the question touches on real UX themes, I've been voting to keep it open.
If there is little-to-no UX substance, *that's* when I vote to close. Essentially, the "primarily opinion-based" means "it really doesn't matter from a UX perspective." | Keep questions open when it is possible to respond with an evidence-based answer.
**Background**
The word *opinion* has [multiple senses](https://ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?id=O5107500%20%E2%80%9CAmerican%20Heritage%20Dictionary,%205th%20Edition%E2%80%9D). The *American Heritage Dictionary* lists senses of a word ranked from most common usage to least common (see: [Order of Senses](https://ahdictionary.com/word/howtouse.html)). The first two senses of the word *opinion* are:
>
> 1. A belief or conclusion held with confidence but not substantiated by positive knowledge or proof: "The world is not run by thought, nor by imagination, but by opinion" (Elizabeth Drew).
> 2. A judgment based on special knowledge and given by an expert: a medical opinion.
>
>
>
The Stack Exchange [tour](https://stackexchange.com/tour) guides users to “avoid questions that are primarily opinion based”. That statement is evidence that the Stack Exchange community discourages unsubstantiated beliefs (Opinion 1). However, the Stack Exchange [main page](https://stackexchange.com) says “experts like you can vote on posts, so the most helpful answers are easy to find.” The words *expert* and *vote* are evidence that expert judgement (Opinion 2) is encouraged and, in fact, a key element of the community.
**Conclusion: A Question Test**
When deciding whether to close a question as “primarily opinion-based” consider the following:
1. Is a community member likely to research the question in articles, books, or publications recognized by the UX community and draw a meaningful conclusion with citations?
2. Is a community member likely to answer the question through experimentation and report back findings?
3. Is a community member likely to answer the question based upon professional experience gained handling analogous situations on the job?
If the answer to at least one of these questions is “yes”, then the question probably deserves an answer. If the answer to all three of these questions is “no”, then the question is a candidate for closure because it is unlikely an answer will meet the standard of “substantiated by positive knowledge or proof”. |
1,936 | I am looking for a file that contains the boundary of the Colorado State Forest. | 2014/04/18 | [
"https://opendata.stackexchange.com/questions/1936",
"https://opendata.stackexchange.com",
"https://opendata.stackexchange.com/users/2688/"
] | USGS [EarthExplorer](http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/) is often a fantastic resource for this.
Check out, in particular, these datasets:
* Aerial Photo Single Frames (usually pre-1980)
* DOQ (1990s)
* NAPP (1980s-1990s)
* NHAP (1970s-1980s) | Not free, but UNM has an archive here: <https://edac.unm.edu/image-archive/> |
260,624 | I am new to blender and want to create a series of light sources that are scattered across a spherical mesh. I then want to animate the colors of the lights so that it looks like the colors are sweeping around the lights.
So far, I have the instances spread out on the ico-sphere. What do I have to do now to get the instances to change color based on their position on the sphere? Preferably I would like the color to revolve around the sphere.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/vSry0.jpg)
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/YlNDb.jpg) | 2022/04/15 | [
"https://blender.stackexchange.com/questions/260624",
"https://blender.stackexchange.com",
"https://blender.stackexchange.com/users/146512/"
] | I would like to add to "LuckyOne"s solution. As I see it you want the colors to rotate around the sphere origin. The base idea is still the same, make geometry nodes output some values, that you can then use in shading nodes.
Example:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/6UjjQ.png)
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/oXkqP.png)
Which produces:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/4sfFq.gif)
The problem is the points at the top are closer together so they do not follow right colors. (But it is still a nice effect, which might be what you want).
The second way to get a similar result is to create a Cartesian to spherical conversion coordinate system node. This way you can get exact angle from origin which produces the following effect.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/h5UWe.gif)
The nodes for this example are slightly more complex:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/L9uVp.png)
Where the spherical cords is basically just math from <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherical_coordinate_system>. The nodes look like this:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/mbKED.png)
The output of this node is going to be a field of values between -pi and pi, but ColorRamp fac wants values between 0 and 1. So we need to remap this array. With some simple math we can also make an offset, so that we can animate the movement:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/XTVfr.png) | I am not sure how exactly you want to change the color, but with this easy GN nodes setup:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/4QcEo.png)
and this shader node setup:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/GJbQw.png)
and this modifier:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/aUGeB.png)
you get this:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/enPFq.gif) |
41,949 | They figured out who was killing everyone, so why did the ghost/monster show up and close her laptop in the end? I tried to find what I could but I just can't find anything. | 2015/10/06 | [
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/questions/41949",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/users/26558/"
] | Please try to re-watch last 15 minutes. You'll definitely understand.
Laura (the ghost) is a best friend of Blaire. Since beginning it's
kept suspense who uploaded the video which lead to Laura's suicide.
Laura became ghost and started killing the group of friends who are
directly and indirectly responsible for Laura's suicide.
At last, in the end, it is shown that
>
> Blaire is the one who actually filmed the video when Laura was in the most awkward situation and uploaded it for fun. This later leads to Laura's suicide. Laura kills them one by one and in the end she came to Blaire to take revenge. That is the scene where you mentioned that Laura appears as ghost when laptop door is closed and post-credits roll. Probably she killed her (Blaier) too.
>
>
> | As per my understanding initially Laura's ghost didnt kill Blaire but wanted her to suffer the guilt when she posted the video and people started abusing Blaire for what she did; however, they kept it an open end with the ghost closing the laptop indicating that the game is over or maybe killing her. |
41,949 | They figured out who was killing everyone, so why did the ghost/monster show up and close her laptop in the end? I tried to find what I could but I just can't find anything. | 2015/10/06 | [
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/questions/41949",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/users/26558/"
] | Please try to re-watch last 15 minutes. You'll definitely understand.
Laura (the ghost) is a best friend of Blaire. Since beginning it's
kept suspense who uploaded the video which lead to Laura's suicide.
Laura became ghost and started killing the group of friends who are
directly and indirectly responsible for Laura's suicide.
At last, in the end, it is shown that
>
> Blaire is the one who actually filmed the video when Laura was in the most awkward situation and uploaded it for fun. This later leads to Laura's suicide. Laura kills them one by one and in the end she came to Blaire to take revenge. That is the scene where you mentioned that Laura appears as ghost when laptop door is closed and post-credits roll. Probably she killed her (Blaier) too.
>
>
> | Laura killed Blair because she wanted revenge for the embarrassing video, so at the end, the door creeks open, the laptop is slammed shut, Blair whispers, "Laura", then Laura (in her true ghost form) kills her or jump scares her. |
41,949 | They figured out who was killing everyone, so why did the ghost/monster show up and close her laptop in the end? I tried to find what I could but I just can't find anything. | 2015/10/06 | [
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/questions/41949",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/users/26558/"
] | Please try to re-watch last 15 minutes. You'll definitely understand.
Laura (the ghost) is a best friend of Blaire. Since beginning it's
kept suspense who uploaded the video which lead to Laura's suicide.
Laura became ghost and started killing the group of friends who are
directly and indirectly responsible for Laura's suicide.
At last, in the end, it is shown that
>
> Blaire is the one who actually filmed the video when Laura was in the most awkward situation and uploaded it for fun. This later leads to Laura's suicide. Laura kills them one by one and in the end she came to Blaire to take revenge. That is the scene where you mentioned that Laura appears as ghost when laptop door is closed and post-credits roll. Probably she killed her (Blaier) too.
>
>
> | Not exactly I think the point of the ending is that even until the end she would never confess to her crimes even though Blaire new the whole time so she wasn't able to save herself or anyone for that matter. I think the lesson here is to take responsibly for your actions because it's one thing to admit to your crimes, live with the shame and reflect on it but to not own up to it think your crimes will never get out throw it under the rug then say you're sorry. Only after the fact you realise that the person knew all along that she just wanted an honest confession but was never going to receive it. Yes, the movie had to end that way. |
3,621,772 | I have a producer that I want to distribute work consistently across consumers by consistent hashing. For example, with consumer nodes X and Y, tasks A, B, C should always go to consumer X, and D, E, F to consumer Y. But that may shift a little if Z joins the pool of consumers.
I didn't want to deal with writing my own logic to connect to the consumer nodes, and especially not with managing nodes joining and leaving the pool, so I've gone down the path of using RabbitMQ, and an exclusive queue per consumer node.
One problem I'm running into is listing these queues, since the producer needs to know all the available queues before work is distributed. AMQP doesn't even support listing queues, which makes me uncertain of my whole approach. RabbitMQ and Alice ([brokenly at the moment](http://github.com/auser/alice/issuesearch?state=open&q=queues#issue/23)) add that functionality though: [Is there an API for listing queues and exchanges on RabbitMQ?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2840290/is-there-an-api-for-listing-queues-and-exchanges-on-rabbitmq)
Is this a wise use of Rabbit? Should I be using a message queue at all? Is there a better design so the queue can *consistently* divide my work among consumers, instead of me needing to do it? | 2010/09/01 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3621772",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/62269/"
] | What you describe is do-able in RabbitMQ.
Your setup would be something like:
* a producer publishes the message to a topic exchange; let's name it consistent\_divider;
* when a consumer, joins the pool, it connects to the broker and creates an exclusive queue with its name, but doesn't bind it to anything
* the producer periodically polls the broker (maybe using rabbitmqctl list\_consumers) to check if the consumers have changed; if they have, it removes all of the existing bindings and rebinds the queues as needed;
* when the producer publishes, messages are assigned a routing key that matches their task type.
So, if you have 6 task types: A, B, C, D, E, F, and only two consumers C1 and C2, your bindings would look like: C1 bound 3 times to consistent\_divider with routing keys A, B and C; C2 bound 3 times to c\_d with routing keys D, E and F.
When C3 joins the pool, the producer sees this and rebinds the queues accordingly.
When the producer publishes, it sends out the messages with routing\_keys A, B, C, D, E and/or F, and the messages will get routed to the correct queues.
There would be two potential problems with this:
1. There's a slight lag between when the consumer joins the pool and messages get routed to it; also, if there are messages already in the queues, it's possible for a consumer to get messages meant for another consumer (e.g. C3 joins, the producer rebinds, but C2 still gets some E and F messages because they were already in its queue),
2. If a consumer dies for whatever reason, the messages in its queue (and en route to its queue) will be lost; this can be solved by republishing and dead-lettering the messages, respectively.
To answer your last question, you probably want to use queuing and RabbitMQ is a great choice, but your requirements (more precisely the `divide the work consistently' bit) don't quite fit AMQP perfectly. | You could use the official [consistent-hashing](https://github.com/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-consistent-hash-exchange) plugin for rabbitmq as answered [here](https://stackoverflow.com/a/51370008/1061155) |
247,502 | I hope I can get a solution for this ongoing (and getting worse) issue very quick.
I have been noticing a huge amount of spam emails to my website domain email address (sales@mydomain.com). Mostly adult content along with a lot of other spam emails. Our email address is nowhere on our site. We have also been getting a very large amount of newsletter subscribers daily.
Problem is I did not connect how our email address was getting so much spam till, I realized when they sign up they get a confirmation email and noticed (after subscribing with my own personal email) they can now see our email address. I even set the newsletter to confirmation and still they get an email with our email address.
Now to fix this issue I need to get something done. I tried the CAPTCHA and for some reason does not work for newsletter and contact us form. Plus I am trying to avoid customers taking extra steps having to check off a box (i'm not a robot) or adding text. Plus when I set the newsletter to confirm I notice legit customers are not responding to the email confirmation and therefore subscribing. I want legit subscribers so I need to have less steps for them to sign up.
I have read where others suggested, CAPTCHA, Honeypot (or Honeybot) and HoneySpam. I need a reel fix asap that works. I will also say I need it to work on our Contact Us forms as well, as I get all kinds of emails through contact us for Funding, SEO Offers, Website Updates, etc.
Sorry for the long post, I need to get this fixed, and what works for my M1 site, I will need the same soon for our new M2 site we are launching in January. Thanks | 2018/10/23 | [
"https://magento.stackexchange.com/questions/247502",
"https://magento.stackexchange.com",
"https://magento.stackexchange.com/users/34349/"
] | I would suggest using Invisible captcha from Google in your website.
There are many paid modules which provide such functionality. Below are a few:
* <https://amasty.com/magento-google-invisible-captcha.html>
* <https://meetanshi.com/magento-google-invisible-recaptcha.html>
If you are a developer and can customize the code, you can try <https://magecomp.com/magento-google-recaptcha.html> and change visible captcha to invisible captcha.
Note: You would need to generate API keys (Site Key and Secret Key) for Google Captcha from Google API console. | The [amasty extension](https://amasty.com/magento-google-invisible-captcha.html) suggested by @mohit is exactly what you need.
Not only will it work for default Magento forms but they have a setting in the admin where you can easily set other forms to also require Google invisible recaptcha |
247,502 | I hope I can get a solution for this ongoing (and getting worse) issue very quick.
I have been noticing a huge amount of spam emails to my website domain email address (sales@mydomain.com). Mostly adult content along with a lot of other spam emails. Our email address is nowhere on our site. We have also been getting a very large amount of newsletter subscribers daily.
Problem is I did not connect how our email address was getting so much spam till, I realized when they sign up they get a confirmation email and noticed (after subscribing with my own personal email) they can now see our email address. I even set the newsletter to confirmation and still they get an email with our email address.
Now to fix this issue I need to get something done. I tried the CAPTCHA and for some reason does not work for newsletter and contact us form. Plus I am trying to avoid customers taking extra steps having to check off a box (i'm not a robot) or adding text. Plus when I set the newsletter to confirm I notice legit customers are not responding to the email confirmation and therefore subscribing. I want legit subscribers so I need to have less steps for them to sign up.
I have read where others suggested, CAPTCHA, Honeypot (or Honeybot) and HoneySpam. I need a reel fix asap that works. I will also say I need it to work on our Contact Us forms as well, as I get all kinds of emails through contact us for Funding, SEO Offers, Website Updates, etc.
Sorry for the long post, I need to get this fixed, and what works for my M1 site, I will need the same soon for our new M2 site we are launching in January. Thanks | 2018/10/23 | [
"https://magento.stackexchange.com/questions/247502",
"https://magento.stackexchange.com",
"https://magento.stackexchange.com/users/34349/"
] | I would suggest using Invisible captcha from Google in your website.
There are many paid modules which provide such functionality. Below are a few:
* <https://amasty.com/magento-google-invisible-captcha.html>
* <https://meetanshi.com/magento-google-invisible-recaptcha.html>
If you are a developer and can customize the code, you can try <https://magecomp.com/magento-google-recaptcha.html> and change visible captcha to invisible captcha.
Note: You would need to generate API keys (Site Key and Secret Key) for Google Captcha from Google API console. | I was looking at the Amasty Extension and <https://magecomp.com/magento-google-recaptcha.html>. The one from Magecomp is free and has great reviews. Looks like it will do newsletter as well with Invisible recaptcha. I was leaning towards the one from Magecomp unless there is something different than I am missing. Mageplaza makes a free one too, however it is for Magento 2 only. We will be building a M2 site at the first of the year and I will be needing to get one for M2 as well and will consider the one from Mageplaza, Again unless someone can point out some differences that's important to the one I will need to use. |
247,502 | I hope I can get a solution for this ongoing (and getting worse) issue very quick.
I have been noticing a huge amount of spam emails to my website domain email address (sales@mydomain.com). Mostly adult content along with a lot of other spam emails. Our email address is nowhere on our site. We have also been getting a very large amount of newsletter subscribers daily.
Problem is I did not connect how our email address was getting so much spam till, I realized when they sign up they get a confirmation email and noticed (after subscribing with my own personal email) they can now see our email address. I even set the newsletter to confirmation and still they get an email with our email address.
Now to fix this issue I need to get something done. I tried the CAPTCHA and for some reason does not work for newsletter and contact us form. Plus I am trying to avoid customers taking extra steps having to check off a box (i'm not a robot) or adding text. Plus when I set the newsletter to confirm I notice legit customers are not responding to the email confirmation and therefore subscribing. I want legit subscribers so I need to have less steps for them to sign up.
I have read where others suggested, CAPTCHA, Honeypot (or Honeybot) and HoneySpam. I need a reel fix asap that works. I will also say I need it to work on our Contact Us forms as well, as I get all kinds of emails through contact us for Funding, SEO Offers, Website Updates, etc.
Sorry for the long post, I need to get this fixed, and what works for my M1 site, I will need the same soon for our new M2 site we are launching in January. Thanks | 2018/10/23 | [
"https://magento.stackexchange.com/questions/247502",
"https://magento.stackexchange.com",
"https://magento.stackexchange.com/users/34349/"
] | I would suggest using Invisible captcha from Google in your website.
There are many paid modules which provide such functionality. Below are a few:
* <https://amasty.com/magento-google-invisible-captcha.html>
* <https://meetanshi.com/magento-google-invisible-recaptcha.html>
If you are a developer and can customize the code, you can try <https://magecomp.com/magento-google-recaptcha.html> and change visible captcha to invisible captcha.
Note: You would need to generate API keys (Site Key and Secret Key) for Google Captcha from Google API console. | Did not really want to buy one right now since this would be only used for a couple of months on my M1 site and have to repurchase for M2 |
63,038 | It's hard to pin down, but every time I ask a question in Japanese class, my teacher tends to do this long pause. Sometimes she'll look around the class as if to say "What does anyone else think?" and sometimes she'll say that explicitly, and get someone else to answer it. Other times she'll answer the question, but in a flat short tone that gives me the impression I was stupid for asking it. There was one time when she asked the class "Does anyone have a question?" and I slowly put my hand up, she said "Of course you do." That made me feel humiliated and awful, and I've been reluctant to participate or ask questions since, but of course, I need to understand the lessons.
It may seem petty, but anyone else who asks a question gets a different response; she always responds straight away, or considers the question openly; she doesn't defer the question, pause, or give any sort of flat response. It all makes me feel like I'm doing something wrong. I don't know if I'm asking too many questions, or stupid questions, or if I'm being impolite somehow, if I've missed some term of address (I always address her as 先生 or say すみません.) Despite all that I've said, when I talk to her in person, in her office, she's personable, empathetic, kind and helpful. I don't know why she's so deferential, apparently just to me, in class.
I don't know what I can do about this. Would it be inappropriate to raise this issue with her in person? I don't like the impression of me it would communicate to her ("I feel like you're not being nice to me in class" comes off the wrong way,) but at the same time, I really don't like participating in class because of the way she acts every time I try, and I don't know what to do to fix that.
EDIT: I'm British and from a British university, and my teacher is Japanese. | 2016/02/09 | [
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/63038",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/users/14302/"
] | She says: "Of course you do." - Respond with a small nod and: "Of course I do:" followed by the question. Also, when you feel humiliated when she waits - you can turn this around. When she waits, look at her in a polite, indulgent manner, with an understanding smile (think: you - the OP - are the adult here!). Obviously (so you can think to yourself), she is unable to answer you more quickly, as you have a difficult question, she needs to reflect first on it.
(Completely independent from that, check - just for yourself - whether you really ask too many questions or whether there is something wrong with them; perhaps they are unnecessary or easily answerable or superfluous? But no reason to feel bad, just inspect your question asking style and check whether it may have something you might be able to improve). In my opinion, there is no need to discuss things with her, as the likelihood is that she will downplay or outright deny it. | I suggest meeting with the professor during her office hours and, in a non-accusatory fashion, saying that you observed how she responds differently to your questions than to others and that you were curious why (or would like to know if your questions were inappropriate). If her behavior was deliberate, you should get an interesting response. If it wasn't, at least now she'll be aware of it. |
63,038 | It's hard to pin down, but every time I ask a question in Japanese class, my teacher tends to do this long pause. Sometimes she'll look around the class as if to say "What does anyone else think?" and sometimes she'll say that explicitly, and get someone else to answer it. Other times she'll answer the question, but in a flat short tone that gives me the impression I was stupid for asking it. There was one time when she asked the class "Does anyone have a question?" and I slowly put my hand up, she said "Of course you do." That made me feel humiliated and awful, and I've been reluctant to participate or ask questions since, but of course, I need to understand the lessons.
It may seem petty, but anyone else who asks a question gets a different response; she always responds straight away, or considers the question openly; she doesn't defer the question, pause, or give any sort of flat response. It all makes me feel like I'm doing something wrong. I don't know if I'm asking too many questions, or stupid questions, or if I'm being impolite somehow, if I've missed some term of address (I always address her as 先生 or say すみません.) Despite all that I've said, when I talk to her in person, in her office, she's personable, empathetic, kind and helpful. I don't know why she's so deferential, apparently just to me, in class.
I don't know what I can do about this. Would it be inappropriate to raise this issue with her in person? I don't like the impression of me it would communicate to her ("I feel like you're not being nice to me in class" comes off the wrong way,) but at the same time, I really don't like participating in class because of the way she acts every time I try, and I don't know what to do to fix that.
EDIT: I'm British and from a British university, and my teacher is Japanese. | 2016/02/09 | [
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/63038",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/users/14302/"
] | She says: "Of course you do." - Respond with a small nod and: "Of course I do:" followed by the question. Also, when you feel humiliated when she waits - you can turn this around. When she waits, look at her in a polite, indulgent manner, with an understanding smile (think: you - the OP - are the adult here!). Obviously (so you can think to yourself), she is unable to answer you more quickly, as you have a difficult question, she needs to reflect first on it.
(Completely independent from that, check - just for yourself - whether you really ask too many questions or whether there is something wrong with them; perhaps they are unnecessary or easily answerable or superfluous? But no reason to feel bad, just inspect your question asking style and check whether it may have something you might be able to improve). In my opinion, there is no need to discuss things with her, as the likelihood is that she will downplay or outright deny it. | 1. Imitate her. This will upset her because imitation makes the other person confront his own acts, obligates them to self-reflection. E.g. look around the class as she does when you ask the question, take a long pause before you acknowledge understanding the answer.
2. Play along with her/your assumptions about the question. Play the fool to catch the fool. E.g. start asking the question but interrupt yourself alleging that it is too easy to be asked in class. Or, when she makes the long pause, say that you will ask it to another student in another moment. Or, say right there that a particular student can answer your question. Or, say sorry for asking "stupid" questions. Or, raise your hand to answer the questions of other students. Or, say something like "doesn't matter I will find the answer in a book", "I will study more for the next time". Or, ask the question on behalf of all students "we are wondering...". Or, ask a "difficult" question from a book to see if she reacts in the same way.
I was wondering if she is being mean to you just because she wants to or she wants to say discreetly some message. Does she want to say that she does not care about you or that you should study more or...? |
63,038 | It's hard to pin down, but every time I ask a question in Japanese class, my teacher tends to do this long pause. Sometimes she'll look around the class as if to say "What does anyone else think?" and sometimes she'll say that explicitly, and get someone else to answer it. Other times she'll answer the question, but in a flat short tone that gives me the impression I was stupid for asking it. There was one time when she asked the class "Does anyone have a question?" and I slowly put my hand up, she said "Of course you do." That made me feel humiliated and awful, and I've been reluctant to participate or ask questions since, but of course, I need to understand the lessons.
It may seem petty, but anyone else who asks a question gets a different response; she always responds straight away, or considers the question openly; she doesn't defer the question, pause, or give any sort of flat response. It all makes me feel like I'm doing something wrong. I don't know if I'm asking too many questions, or stupid questions, or if I'm being impolite somehow, if I've missed some term of address (I always address her as 先生 or say すみません.) Despite all that I've said, when I talk to her in person, in her office, she's personable, empathetic, kind and helpful. I don't know why she's so deferential, apparently just to me, in class.
I don't know what I can do about this. Would it be inappropriate to raise this issue with her in person? I don't like the impression of me it would communicate to her ("I feel like you're not being nice to me in class" comes off the wrong way,) but at the same time, I really don't like participating in class because of the way she acts every time I try, and I don't know what to do to fix that.
EDIT: I'm British and from a British university, and my teacher is Japanese. | 2016/02/09 | [
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/63038",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/users/14302/"
] | She says: "Of course you do." - Respond with a small nod and: "Of course I do:" followed by the question. Also, when you feel humiliated when she waits - you can turn this around. When she waits, look at her in a polite, indulgent manner, with an understanding smile (think: you - the OP - are the adult here!). Obviously (so you can think to yourself), she is unable to answer you more quickly, as you have a difficult question, she needs to reflect first on it.
(Completely independent from that, check - just for yourself - whether you really ask too many questions or whether there is something wrong with them; perhaps they are unnecessary or easily answerable or superfluous? But no reason to feel bad, just inspect your question asking style and check whether it may have something you might be able to improve). In my opinion, there is no need to discuss things with her, as the likelihood is that she will downplay or outright deny it. | This doesn't sound particularly subtle to me. If your teacher is specifically rude to you in this way, I doubt it is going to be fruitful to raise the issue with her. Feel free to do so if you like; it might or might not work. In any case, this is what student reviews of teaching are for. At the end of the session you can give honest feedback and ratings on the quality of the teaching that was given to you. |
63,038 | It's hard to pin down, but every time I ask a question in Japanese class, my teacher tends to do this long pause. Sometimes she'll look around the class as if to say "What does anyone else think?" and sometimes she'll say that explicitly, and get someone else to answer it. Other times she'll answer the question, but in a flat short tone that gives me the impression I was stupid for asking it. There was one time when she asked the class "Does anyone have a question?" and I slowly put my hand up, she said "Of course you do." That made me feel humiliated and awful, and I've been reluctant to participate or ask questions since, but of course, I need to understand the lessons.
It may seem petty, but anyone else who asks a question gets a different response; she always responds straight away, or considers the question openly; she doesn't defer the question, pause, or give any sort of flat response. It all makes me feel like I'm doing something wrong. I don't know if I'm asking too many questions, or stupid questions, or if I'm being impolite somehow, if I've missed some term of address (I always address her as 先生 or say すみません.) Despite all that I've said, when I talk to her in person, in her office, she's personable, empathetic, kind and helpful. I don't know why she's so deferential, apparently just to me, in class.
I don't know what I can do about this. Would it be inappropriate to raise this issue with her in person? I don't like the impression of me it would communicate to her ("I feel like you're not being nice to me in class" comes off the wrong way,) but at the same time, I really don't like participating in class because of the way she acts every time I try, and I don't know what to do to fix that.
EDIT: I'm British and from a British university, and my teacher is Japanese. | 2016/02/09 | [
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/63038",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/users/14302/"
] | I suggest meeting with the professor during her office hours and, in a non-accusatory fashion, saying that you observed how she responds differently to your questions than to others and that you were curious why (or would like to know if your questions were inappropriate). If her behavior was deliberate, you should get an interesting response. If it wasn't, at least now she'll be aware of it. | 1. Imitate her. This will upset her because imitation makes the other person confront his own acts, obligates them to self-reflection. E.g. look around the class as she does when you ask the question, take a long pause before you acknowledge understanding the answer.
2. Play along with her/your assumptions about the question. Play the fool to catch the fool. E.g. start asking the question but interrupt yourself alleging that it is too easy to be asked in class. Or, when she makes the long pause, say that you will ask it to another student in another moment. Or, say right there that a particular student can answer your question. Or, say sorry for asking "stupid" questions. Or, raise your hand to answer the questions of other students. Or, say something like "doesn't matter I will find the answer in a book", "I will study more for the next time". Or, ask the question on behalf of all students "we are wondering...". Or, ask a "difficult" question from a book to see if she reacts in the same way.
I was wondering if she is being mean to you just because she wants to or she wants to say discreetly some message. Does she want to say that she does not care about you or that you should study more or...? |
63,038 | It's hard to pin down, but every time I ask a question in Japanese class, my teacher tends to do this long pause. Sometimes she'll look around the class as if to say "What does anyone else think?" and sometimes she'll say that explicitly, and get someone else to answer it. Other times she'll answer the question, but in a flat short tone that gives me the impression I was stupid for asking it. There was one time when she asked the class "Does anyone have a question?" and I slowly put my hand up, she said "Of course you do." That made me feel humiliated and awful, and I've been reluctant to participate or ask questions since, but of course, I need to understand the lessons.
It may seem petty, but anyone else who asks a question gets a different response; she always responds straight away, or considers the question openly; she doesn't defer the question, pause, or give any sort of flat response. It all makes me feel like I'm doing something wrong. I don't know if I'm asking too many questions, or stupid questions, or if I'm being impolite somehow, if I've missed some term of address (I always address her as 先生 or say すみません.) Despite all that I've said, when I talk to her in person, in her office, she's personable, empathetic, kind and helpful. I don't know why she's so deferential, apparently just to me, in class.
I don't know what I can do about this. Would it be inappropriate to raise this issue with her in person? I don't like the impression of me it would communicate to her ("I feel like you're not being nice to me in class" comes off the wrong way,) but at the same time, I really don't like participating in class because of the way she acts every time I try, and I don't know what to do to fix that.
EDIT: I'm British and from a British university, and my teacher is Japanese. | 2016/02/09 | [
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/63038",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/users/14302/"
] | I suggest meeting with the professor during her office hours and, in a non-accusatory fashion, saying that you observed how she responds differently to your questions than to others and that you were curious why (or would like to know if your questions were inappropriate). If her behavior was deliberate, you should get an interesting response. If it wasn't, at least now she'll be aware of it. | This doesn't sound particularly subtle to me. If your teacher is specifically rude to you in this way, I doubt it is going to be fruitful to raise the issue with her. Feel free to do so if you like; it might or might not work. In any case, this is what student reviews of teaching are for. At the end of the session you can give honest feedback and ratings on the quality of the teaching that was given to you. |
63,038 | It's hard to pin down, but every time I ask a question in Japanese class, my teacher tends to do this long pause. Sometimes she'll look around the class as if to say "What does anyone else think?" and sometimes she'll say that explicitly, and get someone else to answer it. Other times she'll answer the question, but in a flat short tone that gives me the impression I was stupid for asking it. There was one time when she asked the class "Does anyone have a question?" and I slowly put my hand up, she said "Of course you do." That made me feel humiliated and awful, and I've been reluctant to participate or ask questions since, but of course, I need to understand the lessons.
It may seem petty, but anyone else who asks a question gets a different response; she always responds straight away, or considers the question openly; she doesn't defer the question, pause, or give any sort of flat response. It all makes me feel like I'm doing something wrong. I don't know if I'm asking too many questions, or stupid questions, or if I'm being impolite somehow, if I've missed some term of address (I always address her as 先生 or say すみません.) Despite all that I've said, when I talk to her in person, in her office, she's personable, empathetic, kind and helpful. I don't know why she's so deferential, apparently just to me, in class.
I don't know what I can do about this. Would it be inappropriate to raise this issue with her in person? I don't like the impression of me it would communicate to her ("I feel like you're not being nice to me in class" comes off the wrong way,) but at the same time, I really don't like participating in class because of the way she acts every time I try, and I don't know what to do to fix that.
EDIT: I'm British and from a British university, and my teacher is Japanese. | 2016/02/09 | [
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/63038",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/users/14302/"
] | This doesn't sound particularly subtle to me. If your teacher is specifically rude to you in this way, I doubt it is going to be fruitful to raise the issue with her. Feel free to do so if you like; it might or might not work. In any case, this is what student reviews of teaching are for. At the end of the session you can give honest feedback and ratings on the quality of the teaching that was given to you. | 1. Imitate her. This will upset her because imitation makes the other person confront his own acts, obligates them to self-reflection. E.g. look around the class as she does when you ask the question, take a long pause before you acknowledge understanding the answer.
2. Play along with her/your assumptions about the question. Play the fool to catch the fool. E.g. start asking the question but interrupt yourself alleging that it is too easy to be asked in class. Or, when she makes the long pause, say that you will ask it to another student in another moment. Or, say right there that a particular student can answer your question. Or, say sorry for asking "stupid" questions. Or, raise your hand to answer the questions of other students. Or, say something like "doesn't matter I will find the answer in a book", "I will study more for the next time". Or, ask the question on behalf of all students "we are wondering...". Or, ask a "difficult" question from a book to see if she reacts in the same way.
I was wondering if she is being mean to you just because she wants to or she wants to say discreetly some message. Does she want to say that she does not care about you or that you should study more or...? |
16,109,964 | I understand that leveldb/cassandra stores their records in SSTable, and use bloom filter to select SSTable on performing exact key query, does their bloom filter help in key range query? | 2013/04/19 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/16109964",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/538753/"
] | There are two types of range queries in Cassandra: get\_slice, which finds a range of columns within a row, and get\_range\_slices, which finds a range of columns from a range of rows.
Bloom filters are used in get\_slice to locate the row. But Bloom filters aren't used in a get\_range\_slices query. However, since Cassandra keys are stored in hash order, get\_range\_slices isn't very useful so having to scan all SSTables to perform a get\_range\_slices query doesn't normally matter. | Before going into range query, it is important to know what is bloom filter?
>
> Bloom filters are probabilistic sets that allow you to trade memory
> for accuracy or is a space-efficient probabilistic data structure
> that is used to test whether an element is a member of a set.
>
>
>
Cassandra uses bloom filters to save IO when performing a key lookup and as you know each SSTable has a bloom filter associated with it that Cassandra checks before doing any disk seeks. Now consider the situation without bloom filters, every read of a key would have to read every sstable, which is prohibitively expensive. By using bloom filters, cassandra almost always only has to look in the sstables which contain data for that key.
So whenever a range query is getting executed, bloom filters plays a significant rule. In get\_slice sort of range query, it will help to identify the exact row and in get\_range\_slices it will help in finding the set of probabilistic keys responsible. |
16,109,964 | I understand that leveldb/cassandra stores their records in SSTable, and use bloom filter to select SSTable on performing exact key query, does their bloom filter help in key range query? | 2013/04/19 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/16109964",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/538753/"
] | There are two types of range queries in Cassandra: get\_slice, which finds a range of columns within a row, and get\_range\_slices, which finds a range of columns from a range of rows.
Bloom filters are used in get\_slice to locate the row. But Bloom filters aren't used in a get\_range\_slices query. However, since Cassandra keys are stored in hash order, get\_range\_slices isn't very useful so having to scan all SSTables to perform a get\_range\_slices query doesn't normally matter. | Richard answered bloom filter side; to to fill in the first part: yes, LeveledCompactionStrategy will generally result in faster scans (either by PK or index), due to more aggressive write-side merging of the data rows. |
16,109,964 | I understand that leveldb/cassandra stores their records in SSTable, and use bloom filter to select SSTable on performing exact key query, does their bloom filter help in key range query? | 2013/04/19 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/16109964",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/538753/"
] | Before going into range query, it is important to know what is bloom filter?
>
> Bloom filters are probabilistic sets that allow you to trade memory
> for accuracy or is a space-efficient probabilistic data structure
> that is used to test whether an element is a member of a set.
>
>
>
Cassandra uses bloom filters to save IO when performing a key lookup and as you know each SSTable has a bloom filter associated with it that Cassandra checks before doing any disk seeks. Now consider the situation without bloom filters, every read of a key would have to read every sstable, which is prohibitively expensive. By using bloom filters, cassandra almost always only has to look in the sstables which contain data for that key.
So whenever a range query is getting executed, bloom filters plays a significant rule. In get\_slice sort of range query, it will help to identify the exact row and in get\_range\_slices it will help in finding the set of probabilistic keys responsible. | Richard answered bloom filter side; to to fill in the first part: yes, LeveledCompactionStrategy will generally result in faster scans (either by PK or index), due to more aggressive write-side merging of the data rows. |
146,311 | Is there a mod or other method by which I could have a world in which wherever one type of block would normally be generated another type would be instead? Specifically, I was thinking it would be interesting and difficult to attempt playing in a world where all generated wood would be generated as obsidian instead and vice versa.
Is there any existing way to do this? If not, can anyone guess how difficult such a mod would be to create? I've never done any modding of Minecraft before, but I have plenty of programming experience, and if it wouldn't be too time consuming of a project I would attempt it. | 2013/12/15 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/146311",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/64019/"
] | You could try generating a large portion of the world, and then replacing the blocks you want using [mIDas Gold.](https://code.google.com/p/midas-gold/)
A simpler solution would be to generate a large amount of the world, then using [MCEdit](http://www.mcedit.net/). | You can use worldedit and select a large area(if his is a server, if not you can use single player commands(mod)) and type //replace grass(or stone or whatever) sponge and it will replace all of the grass blocks in that area with sponge. |
146,311 | Is there a mod or other method by which I could have a world in which wherever one type of block would normally be generated another type would be instead? Specifically, I was thinking it would be interesting and difficult to attempt playing in a world where all generated wood would be generated as obsidian instead and vice versa.
Is there any existing way to do this? If not, can anyone guess how difficult such a mod would be to create? I've never done any modding of Minecraft before, but I have plenty of programming experience, and if it wouldn't be too time consuming of a project I would attempt it. | 2013/12/15 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/146311",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/64019/"
] | If you are trying this on singleplayer, you could limit the land generated then follow the next few steps:
1. Download MCedit from [here](http://www.mcedit.net/ "Official MCedit Website").
2. Go into MCedit, then open your world.
3. Look up a video on how to select area in MCedit, then select your limited area.
4. Press the 4 button on your keyboard.
5. Choose your replace block, then click ok.
6. Click replace, select the second block to your replacing block.
7. Click replace.
Unless you want to make the whole world like that, but it'll take a lot longer:
1. Steps 1-2
2. Press Ctrl+A
3. Steps 4-7 | I don't know of a one-for-one replacement mod, but if you want to change the ore generation rates and add new "ores" of any block, you can look into CoFHCore. It has a config file to affect world generation. I've got it to generate "veins" of Melonium (melon blocks) in the world. |
146,311 | Is there a mod or other method by which I could have a world in which wherever one type of block would normally be generated another type would be instead? Specifically, I was thinking it would be interesting and difficult to attempt playing in a world where all generated wood would be generated as obsidian instead and vice versa.
Is there any existing way to do this? If not, can anyone guess how difficult such a mod would be to create? I've never done any modding of Minecraft before, but I have plenty of programming experience, and if it wouldn't be too time consuming of a project I would attempt it. | 2013/12/15 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/146311",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/64019/"
] | There arent any mods like that, but before you(maybe) start to code anything, check out mcedit. It is a free program for modifying your saves. | You can use worldedit and select a large area(if his is a server, if not you can use single player commands(mod)) and type //replace grass(or stone or whatever) sponge and it will replace all of the grass blocks in that area with sponge. |
146,311 | Is there a mod or other method by which I could have a world in which wherever one type of block would normally be generated another type would be instead? Specifically, I was thinking it would be interesting and difficult to attempt playing in a world where all generated wood would be generated as obsidian instead and vice versa.
Is there any existing way to do this? If not, can anyone guess how difficult such a mod would be to create? I've never done any modding of Minecraft before, but I have plenty of programming experience, and if it wouldn't be too time consuming of a project I would attempt it. | 2013/12/15 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/146311",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/64019/"
] | If you are trying this on singleplayer, you could limit the land generated then follow the next few steps:
1. Download MCedit from [here](http://www.mcedit.net/ "Official MCedit Website").
2. Go into MCedit, then open your world.
3. Look up a video on how to select area in MCedit, then select your limited area.
4. Press the 4 button on your keyboard.
5. Choose your replace block, then click ok.
6. Click replace, select the second block to your replacing block.
7. Click replace.
Unless you want to make the whole world like that, but it'll take a lot longer:
1. Steps 1-2
2. Press Ctrl+A
3. Steps 4-7 | Now you can do it in 1.8 with world customization.
EDIT:It only works with some particular blocks. When creating customized worlds, go to ore settings and replace one setting with another. |
146,311 | Is there a mod or other method by which I could have a world in which wherever one type of block would normally be generated another type would be instead? Specifically, I was thinking it would be interesting and difficult to attempt playing in a world where all generated wood would be generated as obsidian instead and vice versa.
Is there any existing way to do this? If not, can anyone guess how difficult such a mod would be to create? I've never done any modding of Minecraft before, but I have plenty of programming experience, and if it wouldn't be too time consuming of a project I would attempt it. | 2013/12/15 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/146311",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/64019/"
] | I don't know of a one-for-one replacement mod, but if you want to change the ore generation rates and add new "ores" of any block, you can look into CoFHCore. It has a config file to affect world generation. I've got it to generate "veins" of Melonium (melon blocks) in the world. | You can use worldedit and select a large area(if his is a server, if not you can use single player commands(mod)) and type //replace grass(or stone or whatever) sponge and it will replace all of the grass blocks in that area with sponge. |
146,311 | Is there a mod or other method by which I could have a world in which wherever one type of block would normally be generated another type would be instead? Specifically, I was thinking it would be interesting and difficult to attempt playing in a world where all generated wood would be generated as obsidian instead and vice versa.
Is there any existing way to do this? If not, can anyone guess how difficult such a mod would be to create? I've never done any modding of Minecraft before, but I have plenty of programming experience, and if it wouldn't be too time consuming of a project I would attempt it. | 2013/12/15 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/146311",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/64019/"
] | Now you can do it in 1.8 with world customization.
EDIT:It only works with some particular blocks. When creating customized worlds, go to ore settings and replace one setting with another. | You can use worldedit and select a large area(if his is a server, if not you can use single player commands(mod)) and type //replace grass(or stone or whatever) sponge and it will replace all of the grass blocks in that area with sponge. |
146,311 | Is there a mod or other method by which I could have a world in which wherever one type of block would normally be generated another type would be instead? Specifically, I was thinking it would be interesting and difficult to attempt playing in a world where all generated wood would be generated as obsidian instead and vice versa.
Is there any existing way to do this? If not, can anyone guess how difficult such a mod would be to create? I've never done any modding of Minecraft before, but I have plenty of programming experience, and if it wouldn't be too time consuming of a project I would attempt it. | 2013/12/15 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/146311",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/64019/"
] | If you are trying this on singleplayer, you could limit the land generated then follow the next few steps:
1. Download MCedit from [here](http://www.mcedit.net/ "Official MCedit Website").
2. Go into MCedit, then open your world.
3. Look up a video on how to select area in MCedit, then select your limited area.
4. Press the 4 button on your keyboard.
5. Choose your replace block, then click ok.
6. Click replace, select the second block to your replacing block.
7. Click replace.
Unless you want to make the whole world like that, but it'll take a lot longer:
1. Steps 1-2
2. Press Ctrl+A
3. Steps 4-7 | You could try generating a large portion of the world, and then replacing the blocks you want using [mIDas Gold.](https://code.google.com/p/midas-gold/)
A simpler solution would be to generate a large amount of the world, then using [MCEdit](http://www.mcedit.net/). |
56,552,907 | I'm about to develop a PWA for our Company. I've been doing Web Applications so i'm so used to Bootstrap and Jquery. I'd like to develop the PWA in the same fashion. I can make the app a SPA with Jquery by simply hiding and showing divs. That's not a problem at all.
If i go this route, can I already do the service works?
Or will i still need to use other frameworks like Vue, react, Framework 7 etc to make a PWA? And if so, is it alright to mix jquery and PWA?
PS
No need to suggest to drop jquery and just use react etc. It is not an option for us for several reasons. | 2019/06/11 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/56552907",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1797947/"
] | Use the Chrome Lighthouse tool to work through the list of items required to make your existing website a PWA. Look at the PWA section after you run the test.
Here is a video that explains that step by step.
<https://youtu.be/Ay3zKmde3BM>
Using Lighthouse will help you understand the exact items you need to add to YOUR website.
Here is the full checklist.
<https://developers.google.com/web/progressive-web-apps/checklist> | I have used Bootstrap 4 and Bootstrap 3 (along with the required JQuery library) for PWAs. So I cannot see why it would be a problem for you. |
56,552,907 | I'm about to develop a PWA for our Company. I've been doing Web Applications so i'm so used to Bootstrap and Jquery. I'd like to develop the PWA in the same fashion. I can make the app a SPA with Jquery by simply hiding and showing divs. That's not a problem at all.
If i go this route, can I already do the service works?
Or will i still need to use other frameworks like Vue, react, Framework 7 etc to make a PWA? And if so, is it alright to mix jquery and PWA?
PS
No need to suggest to drop jquery and just use react etc. It is not an option for us for several reasons. | 2019/06/11 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/56552907",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1797947/"
] | **Question's little older but since I came across it let me answer this for posterity.**
You can use bootstrap+jquery while building a PWA, but we don't need them in particular. You can do it with simple HTML+CSS+JS.
Don't use CDN to load these libraries though, it may make them unavailable while the site/app is offline. Better way is to keep them on your server as local resources and cache them along with your other site/app assets.
And, absolutely no need to make your site/app SPA. We can cache more than 1 pages of our site to make them available offline.
Lastly we are still in wait for a good PWA specific framework as of Dec'21. That will make most of the current frontend libraries useless IMO. | I have used Bootstrap 4 and Bootstrap 3 (along with the required JQuery library) for PWAs. So I cannot see why it would be a problem for you. |
235,701 | I am exploring the idea of humans leaving planet Earth and colonizing different planets. However, I would like the humans to remain "human". By "human" I mean that the different peoples still look mostly human (by today's standards) and could still have children with each other if they wanted to. I do not want the different human populations to diverge into different alien species.
So how does humanity prevent **[speciation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speciation)**? *Speciation: the scientific concept that when populations are completely separated from one another (for example, humans living on different planets), the different populations will gradually evolve into different species.*
What are some likely ways that a futuristic human civilization could prevent this from happening? | 2022/09/16 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/235701",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/44804/"
] | 1. The different colonies can keep a system where periodically adolescents or young adults of both sexes are sent on visiting trips to other colonies. During these visits cultural exchange, also in the form of physical intimacy, is tolerated or even better encouraged. The fruits of these encounters, which ensure that there is some genetic mixing between the colonies, might even be considered as members of higher status in the colonies.
2. Same as above, but this time the trip is one way, with colonies exchanging young adults as a way to keep friendly relationships. The young adults will end up reproducing with the local, again ensuring that some genetic mixing is assured. | The technology required to do interstellar colonization and terraform planets (or build stable habitats in hostile systems) is quite advanced.
Far before we reach that level of technology, we will have highly effective gene editing, cloning and artificial reproduction.
For many, many 1000s if not 100,000s of years as the planet is terraformed, artificial environments and technology will be required to maintain a livable environment for humans (or, any life that is similar to complex earth life). And shipping physical humans over interstellar distances is a lot more expensive than just printing them out at the other end.
So your colonies will descend from printed, gene tailored humans, and probably the later generation humans living there will almost all be printed and gene tailored; the failure rate of traditional human reproduction is quite high, we only don't consider it a horror show because we don't have a practical alternative.
Keeping the ability to reproduce naturally might be something humans do, culturally. But the practical use of it when you live in a spin-gravity asteroid using fusion power and oort cloud ice miners to keep your civilization alive isn't all that high.
Two people who want to have children (or more) would do a gene-mixing or gene-writing (depending on their preferences) and get a new baby printed out more times than not. It is true there would be some who do "natural" childbirth (with varying degrees -- I mean, to these people, letting germ line naturally mix might be slightly granola, but very very few people would be so far as to grow a fetus within a human body; or vice versa, where almost everyone has a baby via pregnancy, but nobody does natural germ line mixing), and maybe they'd (culturally) keep this natural childbirth reverse compatible with traditional human genetics.
To avoid this problem, the issue of gene editing would have to become non-tractable; ie, changes beyond the superficial level cannot be done without a very high risk of the resulting embryo being non-viable.
If, culturally, genetic technology led to the idea of "making an experimental embryo" to be abhorrent, then gene tailored babies will just be remixes of existing human genes, and contain almost nothing new. You'd repair "damage", you wouldn't experiment with other possibilities, because most experiments would result in a dead embryo.
In this regime, evolution would mostly freeze. There might be "natural birth" communities that would continue to have babies that aren't tailored, but said communities would be akin to people today who choose to live without electricity. Over time, they'd shrink, or cross-breed with the rest of the community, where almost any mutations produced would get filtered out by genetic cleanup in the next generation.
So, the inability to predict the result of novel mutations, together with the unwillingness to create non-viable human babies whose life is full of suffering, could result in genetic stagnation. The people ion this scenario wouldn't breed naturally, because that is dangerous and error prone (with small minorities being an exception), resulting in each generation being a genetic remix of the baseline set of "known good" genes. |
235,701 | I am exploring the idea of humans leaving planet Earth and colonizing different planets. However, I would like the humans to remain "human". By "human" I mean that the different peoples still look mostly human (by today's standards) and could still have children with each other if they wanted to. I do not want the different human populations to diverge into different alien species.
So how does humanity prevent **[speciation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speciation)**? *Speciation: the scientific concept that when populations are completely separated from one another (for example, humans living on different planets), the different populations will gradually evolve into different species.*
What are some likely ways that a futuristic human civilization could prevent this from happening? | 2022/09/16 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/235701",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/44804/"
] | Your concerns about speciation depend on your time-frame. My understanding of speciation is when descendants of a common ancestor can no longer produce viable offspring. For example a horse mated with a donkey produces a mule which is sterile. Their last common ancestor was four million years ago. Now at which point along that timeline speciation occurred I don't know but a single, permanent, species wide genetic change takes on average about one million years to complete. So at least that.
I would suggest that if your time-frame is less than one million years you don't need to worry about speciation.
However regional adaptive changes can take place in much less time. The eye folds common among Asian peoples, skin and eye color changes, regional height and build etc. all changed in time periods much less than one hundred thousand years. Many changes have taken place since the Neolithic Revolution about ten thousand years ago like the ability to digest wheat and milk. The blood cells of Tibetan people evolved to deal with a thinner atmosphere in only three thousand years which is about one hundred generations.
Humans diverged from our last common ancestor about six million years ago and we still all look pretty much the same and can interbreed without problems.
Given that evolution is driven by environmental change, it will also depend on what kind of environments your people live in. If they live in cities that are fundamentally similar then their environments won't actually be that different. You might introduce something like the tall, thin "Belters" from the Expanse series who have colonized an asteroid belt or deal with issues like gravity using technology.
So to answer your question I would suggest that if your time frame is less than one million years people will "[...] still look mostly human (by today's standards), and could still have children with each other if they wanted to." | This is a plot line in Dan Simmons' Hyperion.
Humanity has become very good at terraforming, so humans only inhabit worlds that are very similar to Earth, so no speciation occurs. For counterbalance, there's a breakaway group of humans that thinks speciation is a good idea and is pushing evolution in new directions. |
235,701 | I am exploring the idea of humans leaving planet Earth and colonizing different planets. However, I would like the humans to remain "human". By "human" I mean that the different peoples still look mostly human (by today's standards) and could still have children with each other if they wanted to. I do not want the different human populations to diverge into different alien species.
So how does humanity prevent **[speciation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speciation)**? *Speciation: the scientific concept that when populations are completely separated from one another (for example, humans living on different planets), the different populations will gradually evolve into different species.*
What are some likely ways that a futuristic human civilization could prevent this from happening? | 2022/09/16 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/235701",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/44804/"
] | 1. The different colonies can keep a system where periodically adolescents or young adults of both sexes are sent on visiting trips to other colonies. During these visits cultural exchange, also in the form of physical intimacy, is tolerated or even better encouraged. The fruits of these encounters, which ensure that there is some genetic mixing between the colonies, might even be considered as members of higher status in the colonies.
2. Same as above, but this time the trip is one way, with colonies exchanging young adults as a way to keep friendly relationships. The young adults will end up reproducing with the local, again ensuring that some genetic mixing is assured. | **Back-crossing.**
They're sufficiently advanced to create planetary colonies in many different star-systems, certainly over lightyears, possibly tens of lightyears or more - then they can freeze a few tissue samples.
Background:
Every time a child is born (more than 11,000 children are born every day in the US), the umbilicus is cut off and preserved. The great thing about the cord is that it contains cells which are as near as being [totipotent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stem_cell#Potency_meaning) as you can get. This means that cells cultured from them can be grown into any tissue type the human body normally has - such as testicles or ovaries. These organs can be grown in vitro, or inserted into a "volunteer" (with the appropriate compatibility or immune suppression drugs to prevent rejection). Sperm or eggs can then be used to inject this original genetic material into the genepool of the general population.
Any umbilical cord can be used again and again over many thousands, possibly millions, possibly more iterations to create testicular or ovary tissues. Ten thousand (or more) umbilicals can be held in-stock giving a massive variety of genetic variability to chose from. Mixed with the changing and evolving general population's DNA, this would give adaptive ability in terms of dealing with disease, and millions of years (or more) of genetic stability, preventing differential speciation. (You could even have the same umbilical material sent with each colony). |
235,701 | I am exploring the idea of humans leaving planet Earth and colonizing different planets. However, I would like the humans to remain "human". By "human" I mean that the different peoples still look mostly human (by today's standards) and could still have children with each other if they wanted to. I do not want the different human populations to diverge into different alien species.
So how does humanity prevent **[speciation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speciation)**? *Speciation: the scientific concept that when populations are completely separated from one another (for example, humans living on different planets), the different populations will gradually evolve into different species.*
What are some likely ways that a futuristic human civilization could prevent this from happening? | 2022/09/16 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/235701",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/44804/"
] | To begin with, it can take quite a while for speciation to occur. Human populations in the Americas and Eurasia were separated for 10,000 years, but remained the same species. Depending on duration of the separation, there may be no issue.
For genetic diversity in a given star system, enough trade and travel would occur to allow populations to mix. Even with "weaker" slower than light torch drives and travel times of a month or two between populations, a trade network would be feasible. Just look at intercontinental travel during the age of sail.
Once you want genetic mixing across the light years separating star systems, you start running into some problems. With cheap and fast enough FTL travel, trade and migration could still occur. With more expensive or slow FTL travel, or even no-FTL, you are left with more intentional methods to ensure genetic mixing. If gene editing and interstellar communication are possible, then adjacent systems could transmit the genomes of local humans to each other. Then systems could use cloning or gene editing to introduce new genes into the population to make them more uniform with their neighbors. | Most of the existing answers address only drift between subpopulations, not between a future population and the current one, as OP requested.
In addition, any answer which depends on cultural / legal / political institutions is going to be inadequate to the time scales involved: The [Neanderthals](https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-60305218) died out around 40k years ago and first emerged around 400k years ago, yet were still [the same species as us](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6309227/). The [earliest surviving religious traditions](https://theculturetrip.com/asia/articles/the-8-oldest-religions-in-the-world/) date to around 35k years ago, with actual written documents being much younger - and little things like "laws" and "countries" being far younger still. Cultural and environmental differences between settlements will eventually cause some to cut voluntary ties with the rest of humanity. Cultural and environmental differences between current and future human societies will eventually cause genetic variations to arise.
In addition, technology is progressing to the point where deliberate [genetic manipulation](https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Genetic-Engineering) is consciously implemented for non-human species, and under serious consideration for humans in special cases. Although not yet common practice for healthy humans, it will not be long (on a speciation time scale) before someone, somewhere seriously pursues making baseline humans stronger, faster, smarter and healthier. *That* seems likely to yield speciation eventually.
If you want to prevent speciation, you need to think on time scales of at least a few hundred thousand years. You need to abandon constraints which depend on mutable things like religion, economics, law, culture and morality. Ensuring that different populations mix with each other will be necessary but not sufficient.
In short, I see two options, neither of which is defensible from an ethical standpoint, but ... amoral apocalypses are a thing:
1. Build an automated system which keeps human populations and genetic drift in check. It tracks every person from birth to grave, samples genetic material at birth (or at least before adolescence) to confirm parentage and monitor mutations. Anyone who diverges outside the range that's considered "normal" is murdered before they are old enough to produce offspring. Children whose genetic profiles don't match those of the assumed parents are taken as evidence that someone has found a way to subvert the system. As a result, their appearance triggers a heavy-handed investigation likely to result in the deaths of themselves, their actual parents, their previously-assumed parents, guardians, and any other likely collaborators. The machines running this system also have significant military might and a monopoly on all technology capable of interstellar flight (whether FTL or otherwise). Again, those seeking to escape from the machines' control face lethal consequences. The machines have their own error-checking mechanisms, large databases describing the allowed rage of "human" variability, and complete control of any process that might lead to a human population breaking away from the bulk or from their control.
2. This option is easier to describe, but only slightly more drastic: Kill all the humans. This will be hard to do on an interstellar scale, but you could do it with a machine authority which works covertly and on longer time scales than the first option. To start, it mainly tracks movement of entire human populations: Which colony ships are deployed? Where are they headed? It then builds a self-replicating automated army complete with nukes, [von Neumann and Berserker probes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-replicating_spacecraft#Berserkers), and a secret Doomsday clock. When the clock strikes midnight, all the probes trigger simultaneously and nuke every human settlement. Leave a few monitors in each known system (and keep replicating them for a while to check systems near those) so you can find and kill anyone who survived the initial strike. No humans implies no speciation...
Very dark, but... effective. |
235,701 | I am exploring the idea of humans leaving planet Earth and colonizing different planets. However, I would like the humans to remain "human". By "human" I mean that the different peoples still look mostly human (by today's standards) and could still have children with each other if they wanted to. I do not want the different human populations to diverge into different alien species.
So how does humanity prevent **[speciation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speciation)**? *Speciation: the scientific concept that when populations are completely separated from one another (for example, humans living on different planets), the different populations will gradually evolve into different species.*
What are some likely ways that a futuristic human civilization could prevent this from happening? | 2022/09/16 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/235701",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/44804/"
] | It's easier to build habitats than to change environments:
==========================================================
Your humans can live almost anywhere they want. But modifying the environment of a whole world is really hard. There simply are no pseudo-Earths. So people put increasing effort into making habitats livable, comfortable, and familiar. They can modify everything, from pressure to gasses, and eventually develop the ability to manipulate gravity. So really, people in widely different worlds and colonies are living in almost identical conditions.
Eliminate Founder effect:
=========================
Building colonies is a massive undertaking. Several million colonists selected from a wide cross-section of humanity show up in prefabricated controlled environments. So the large and very diverse population is resistant to [founder effects](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Founder_effect) and [genetic drift](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_drift) that might locally skew genetics. Colonies that have issues where the populations drop receive massive influxes of new resources and colonists to solve the problems.
Prevent variations from arising:
================================
An increasing tendency for people with mutations to survive and reproduce with undesirable traits ([Ideocracy](https://www.google.com/search?gs_ssp=eJzj4tTP1TcwLyyrrDBg9OLMTMnMTy5KTK4EAE7bB1k&q=idiocracy&oq=idiocracy&aqs=chrome.1.0i271j46i433i512j0i433i512l3j0i512j0i433i512j0i512l3.7045j0j4&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8) syndrome) leads to neo-eugenics movements, especially amongst the elites who control colony selection. Everyone wants off poverty-stricken overpopulated Earth, and are willing to agree to screenings of potential offspring to assure mutations don't "damage" the human genome. This screening is habitual and universal on colony worlds. Not following it results in discrimination similar to that seen in [Gattaca](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gattaca). People just accept the need to pre-screen offspring for defects, and genetic change grinds to a halt.
FTL reinforces a colonial model:
================================
Faster than light travel makes movement almost instantaneous. New colonies are established to exploit local resources. Colonists typically live in a large, re-locatable orbital habitat. Planets are visited by FTL-communicating robots, allowing real-time virtual experience of the surfaces without the hazards of actually going there. When resources get used up, the whole habitat can be easily relocated to a new system.
But all specialized functions, like advanced medicine, education, human modification and manufacturing are going on on Earth or a few selected core planets. Specialization allows these systems to totally dominate trade. The colonists (and often the whole colonies) periodically visit these core worlds or are at least dependent on them and regularly receive visitors. | It seems that there are three main contributors to speciation: separation, small gene pools and *lots* of time. Environmental pressures factor as well, since it's the environment that historically provided the main selection pressure, but humans have been subborning that for centuries now. Small gene pools are readily resolved by having large colony complements - hundreds of thousands at least, preferably millions. You're clearly wanting this to last, so we're not going to get around the time factor. That leaves separation as the best point of attack.
The first solution that springs to mind is cross-polination. If there is enough interbreeding between colonies then any deviation from baseline human would eventually spread through the entire species, evolving the species as a whole rather than branching into incompatible sub-species. A constant flow of emigration between wide-flung colonies may be costly, but the alternative is a little terrifying: war between insular worlds, each of which believes themselves to be the one true human race and all others are subhuman animals.
Yeah, bit dark there. But common enough in SF to be a trope we can leverage.
For this to last though, it needs to be deeply embedded. Not just legally, not merely logically established plans, this needs to be so deeply embedded in human society and morality that it is never questioned. You're going to have to program your colonial societies to desire miscegenation (which is a scary word, usually perjorative, but entirely applicable here) at a deep level. Insularity and racial pride must be crushed ruthlessly, and children will have to be indoctrinated towards your cultural norm.
Yeah, lots of scary words in that paragraph. Because that's what you're going to need to make this work across deep time. But your goal is pure, so the methods don't matter... right? Anything goes as long as your goals are righteous.
So let's start with inter-system colonial law. Every colony is required to accept a certain number of unmarried, fertile immigrants of mixed genders each year (or whatever time period fits your FTL system best), and to supply an equivalent number of suitable emigrants. Failure to do so will be met with varying degrees of censure from trade embargoes all the way up to eventual dissolution of the colony and redistribution of the colonists to other worlds. Worlds that resist will be cleared of all human life one way or another, and may be restarted with a fresh stock of willing colonists drawn from a variety of other worlds.
The reasons behind these laws are of course well publicised, so that we know that it's our duty to ensure the health of Humanity's future. This is where it starts to become a moral imperative, a duty to our descendants, to the trillions of lives yet to be born. This gives us licence to do some things that might be considered a little... worrying to some. As long as we're doing it for the "right" reasons though we are clear in our conscience.
Having established a moral imperative, we can proceed - clear of conscience - to indoctrination. All news media outlets will be encouraged (by threat of legal censure if necessary) to spin their reporting subtly in the direction of xenophilia. Insular groups are to be vilified, immigrants and mixed groups are to be portrayed as favorably as possible. Works of fiction will be lauded highest when portraying insular groups as ugly, villainous social cancers and 'xenos' as desirable heroes and positive influences. When anyone espouses any form of exclusion they should be destroyed thoroughly in the media, and we'll allow any lies to be told about them if it serves this purpose. Meanwhile we'll encourage active suppression of negative reporting or portrayal of xenos as it could harm our lofty goal of galactic integration. We're not monsters of course, we're not going to make it illegal to marry people from your own colony or racial group, but by normalizing mixing on all media we can at least make it mildly distasteful. If we get this part right we can make it eminently desirable to marry outside your colonial group.
And finally, let's address children. They're not that difficult to indoctrinate with the right methods, and they'll carry that indoctrination into their adult lives. It starts easy, making minor changes to stories and myths to normalize xenophilia and demonize insularity. Rewrite the children's stories of monsters and princesses and all that tripe. Princesses (and princes) are always from exotic worlds, monsters and evil antagonists come from terrible, insular coloniss. Children's visual programming should be gradually filled with heroic xenos, evil insulars, etc. The bad guys are always from some colony that cut contact with the rest of the galaxy, and the good guys are teams made up of the best representatives of multiple worlds. Young adult programming will have endless examples of troubled same-world relationships, while the only perfect relationships will be between people from different colonies.
We don't even have to be particularly gentle with it. Anyone who objects is nominating themselves to be the bad guy in our society, and can be used as object lessons in why you don't fight the narrative.
---
Yeah, I'm a terrible person. But really, how does one program a society otherwise? If you let people go their own way they might not do what you want them to do. Social programming is the only way you're going to get this to work in the long term, and it's the long term you're really worried about. |
235,701 | I am exploring the idea of humans leaving planet Earth and colonizing different planets. However, I would like the humans to remain "human". By "human" I mean that the different peoples still look mostly human (by today's standards) and could still have children with each other if they wanted to. I do not want the different human populations to diverge into different alien species.
So how does humanity prevent **[speciation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speciation)**? *Speciation: the scientific concept that when populations are completely separated from one another (for example, humans living on different planets), the different populations will gradually evolve into different species.*
What are some likely ways that a futuristic human civilization could prevent this from happening? | 2022/09/16 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/235701",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/44804/"
] | To begin with, it can take quite a while for speciation to occur. Human populations in the Americas and Eurasia were separated for 10,000 years, but remained the same species. Depending on duration of the separation, there may be no issue.
For genetic diversity in a given star system, enough trade and travel would occur to allow populations to mix. Even with "weaker" slower than light torch drives and travel times of a month or two between populations, a trade network would be feasible. Just look at intercontinental travel during the age of sail.
Once you want genetic mixing across the light years separating star systems, you start running into some problems. With cheap and fast enough FTL travel, trade and migration could still occur. With more expensive or slow FTL travel, or even no-FTL, you are left with more intentional methods to ensure genetic mixing. If gene editing and interstellar communication are possible, then adjacent systems could transmit the genomes of local humans to each other. Then systems could use cloning or gene editing to introduce new genes into the population to make them more uniform with their neighbors. | Just like European Union does today with Socrates/Erasmus programs that ensure students from different countries enjoy sexual intercourse between national groups. Just provide some incentive (i.e. housing in a foreign country) and people will move. |
235,701 | I am exploring the idea of humans leaving planet Earth and colonizing different planets. However, I would like the humans to remain "human". By "human" I mean that the different peoples still look mostly human (by today's standards) and could still have children with each other if they wanted to. I do not want the different human populations to diverge into different alien species.
So how does humanity prevent **[speciation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speciation)**? *Speciation: the scientific concept that when populations are completely separated from one another (for example, humans living on different planets), the different populations will gradually evolve into different species.*
What are some likely ways that a futuristic human civilization could prevent this from happening? | 2022/09/16 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/235701",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/44804/"
] | To begin with, it can take quite a while for speciation to occur. Human populations in the Americas and Eurasia were separated for 10,000 years, but remained the same species. Depending on duration of the separation, there may be no issue.
For genetic diversity in a given star system, enough trade and travel would occur to allow populations to mix. Even with "weaker" slower than light torch drives and travel times of a month or two between populations, a trade network would be feasible. Just look at intercontinental travel during the age of sail.
Once you want genetic mixing across the light years separating star systems, you start running into some problems. With cheap and fast enough FTL travel, trade and migration could still occur. With more expensive or slow FTL travel, or even no-FTL, you are left with more intentional methods to ensure genetic mixing. If gene editing and interstellar communication are possible, then adjacent systems could transmit the genomes of local humans to each other. Then systems could use cloning or gene editing to introduce new genes into the population to make them more uniform with their neighbors. | It's easier to build habitats than to change environments:
==========================================================
Your humans can live almost anywhere they want. But modifying the environment of a whole world is really hard. There simply are no pseudo-Earths. So people put increasing effort into making habitats livable, comfortable, and familiar. They can modify everything, from pressure to gasses, and eventually develop the ability to manipulate gravity. So really, people in widely different worlds and colonies are living in almost identical conditions.
Eliminate Founder effect:
=========================
Building colonies is a massive undertaking. Several million colonists selected from a wide cross-section of humanity show up in prefabricated controlled environments. So the large and very diverse population is resistant to [founder effects](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Founder_effect) and [genetic drift](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_drift) that might locally skew genetics. Colonies that have issues where the populations drop receive massive influxes of new resources and colonists to solve the problems.
Prevent variations from arising:
================================
An increasing tendency for people with mutations to survive and reproduce with undesirable traits ([Ideocracy](https://www.google.com/search?gs_ssp=eJzj4tTP1TcwLyyrrDBg9OLMTMnMTy5KTK4EAE7bB1k&q=idiocracy&oq=idiocracy&aqs=chrome.1.0i271j46i433i512j0i433i512l3j0i512j0i433i512j0i512l3.7045j0j4&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8) syndrome) leads to neo-eugenics movements, especially amongst the elites who control colony selection. Everyone wants off poverty-stricken overpopulated Earth, and are willing to agree to screenings of potential offspring to assure mutations don't "damage" the human genome. This screening is habitual and universal on colony worlds. Not following it results in discrimination similar to that seen in [Gattaca](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gattaca). People just accept the need to pre-screen offspring for defects, and genetic change grinds to a halt.
FTL reinforces a colonial model:
================================
Faster than light travel makes movement almost instantaneous. New colonies are established to exploit local resources. Colonists typically live in a large, re-locatable orbital habitat. Planets are visited by FTL-communicating robots, allowing real-time virtual experience of the surfaces without the hazards of actually going there. When resources get used up, the whole habitat can be easily relocated to a new system.
But all specialized functions, like advanced medicine, education, human modification and manufacturing are going on on Earth or a few selected core planets. Specialization allows these systems to totally dominate trade. The colonists (and often the whole colonies) periodically visit these core worlds or are at least dependent on them and regularly receive visitors. |
235,701 | I am exploring the idea of humans leaving planet Earth and colonizing different planets. However, I would like the humans to remain "human". By "human" I mean that the different peoples still look mostly human (by today's standards) and could still have children with each other if they wanted to. I do not want the different human populations to diverge into different alien species.
So how does humanity prevent **[speciation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speciation)**? *Speciation: the scientific concept that when populations are completely separated from one another (for example, humans living on different planets), the different populations will gradually evolve into different species.*
What are some likely ways that a futuristic human civilization could prevent this from happening? | 2022/09/16 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/235701",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/44804/"
] | Just like European Union does today with Socrates/Erasmus programs that ensure students from different countries enjoy sexual intercourse between national groups. Just provide some incentive (i.e. housing in a foreign country) and people will move. | The technology required to do interstellar colonization and terraform planets (or build stable habitats in hostile systems) is quite advanced.
Far before we reach that level of technology, we will have highly effective gene editing, cloning and artificial reproduction.
For many, many 1000s if not 100,000s of years as the planet is terraformed, artificial environments and technology will be required to maintain a livable environment for humans (or, any life that is similar to complex earth life). And shipping physical humans over interstellar distances is a lot more expensive than just printing them out at the other end.
So your colonies will descend from printed, gene tailored humans, and probably the later generation humans living there will almost all be printed and gene tailored; the failure rate of traditional human reproduction is quite high, we only don't consider it a horror show because we don't have a practical alternative.
Keeping the ability to reproduce naturally might be something humans do, culturally. But the practical use of it when you live in a spin-gravity asteroid using fusion power and oort cloud ice miners to keep your civilization alive isn't all that high.
Two people who want to have children (or more) would do a gene-mixing or gene-writing (depending on their preferences) and get a new baby printed out more times than not. It is true there would be some who do "natural" childbirth (with varying degrees -- I mean, to these people, letting germ line naturally mix might be slightly granola, but very very few people would be so far as to grow a fetus within a human body; or vice versa, where almost everyone has a baby via pregnancy, but nobody does natural germ line mixing), and maybe they'd (culturally) keep this natural childbirth reverse compatible with traditional human genetics.
To avoid this problem, the issue of gene editing would have to become non-tractable; ie, changes beyond the superficial level cannot be done without a very high risk of the resulting embryo being non-viable.
If, culturally, genetic technology led to the idea of "making an experimental embryo" to be abhorrent, then gene tailored babies will just be remixes of existing human genes, and contain almost nothing new. You'd repair "damage", you wouldn't experiment with other possibilities, because most experiments would result in a dead embryo.
In this regime, evolution would mostly freeze. There might be "natural birth" communities that would continue to have babies that aren't tailored, but said communities would be akin to people today who choose to live without electricity. Over time, they'd shrink, or cross-breed with the rest of the community, where almost any mutations produced would get filtered out by genetic cleanup in the next generation.
So, the inability to predict the result of novel mutations, together with the unwillingness to create non-viable human babies whose life is full of suffering, could result in genetic stagnation. The people ion this scenario wouldn't breed naturally, because that is dangerous and error prone (with small minorities being an exception), resulting in each generation being a genetic remix of the baseline set of "known good" genes. |
235,701 | I am exploring the idea of humans leaving planet Earth and colonizing different planets. However, I would like the humans to remain "human". By "human" I mean that the different peoples still look mostly human (by today's standards) and could still have children with each other if they wanted to. I do not want the different human populations to diverge into different alien species.
So how does humanity prevent **[speciation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speciation)**? *Speciation: the scientific concept that when populations are completely separated from one another (for example, humans living on different planets), the different populations will gradually evolve into different species.*
What are some likely ways that a futuristic human civilization could prevent this from happening? | 2022/09/16 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/235701",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/44804/"
] | ### Big populations
If you colonize a world with a hundred people, any genetic mutation on one of those hundred people is likely to be spread to a big portion of the future population of that world.
If you put one hundred million people, any individual possible genetic mutation would be more thinly spread (although there will be more different mutations).
### Lack of environmental pressure
Mutations cause change, but it is environmental pressure that spread it. If you have a hot world where people who cannot stand the heat die young/are less atractive as partners, those mutations favoring heat resistence will thrive.
But in a modern setting, where people live in terraformed planets closely resembling Earth, and mostly in the interior of their cozy dwellings, there would be not many pressures in favor of most of the mutations, so they will not be considerably spread. | Most of the existing answers address only drift between subpopulations, not between a future population and the current one, as OP requested.
In addition, any answer which depends on cultural / legal / political institutions is going to be inadequate to the time scales involved: The [Neanderthals](https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-60305218) died out around 40k years ago and first emerged around 400k years ago, yet were still [the same species as us](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6309227/). The [earliest surviving religious traditions](https://theculturetrip.com/asia/articles/the-8-oldest-religions-in-the-world/) date to around 35k years ago, with actual written documents being much younger - and little things like "laws" and "countries" being far younger still. Cultural and environmental differences between settlements will eventually cause some to cut voluntary ties with the rest of humanity. Cultural and environmental differences between current and future human societies will eventually cause genetic variations to arise.
In addition, technology is progressing to the point where deliberate [genetic manipulation](https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Genetic-Engineering) is consciously implemented for non-human species, and under serious consideration for humans in special cases. Although not yet common practice for healthy humans, it will not be long (on a speciation time scale) before someone, somewhere seriously pursues making baseline humans stronger, faster, smarter and healthier. *That* seems likely to yield speciation eventually.
If you want to prevent speciation, you need to think on time scales of at least a few hundred thousand years. You need to abandon constraints which depend on mutable things like religion, economics, law, culture and morality. Ensuring that different populations mix with each other will be necessary but not sufficient.
In short, I see two options, neither of which is defensible from an ethical standpoint, but ... amoral apocalypses are a thing:
1. Build an automated system which keeps human populations and genetic drift in check. It tracks every person from birth to grave, samples genetic material at birth (or at least before adolescence) to confirm parentage and monitor mutations. Anyone who diverges outside the range that's considered "normal" is murdered before they are old enough to produce offspring. Children whose genetic profiles don't match those of the assumed parents are taken as evidence that someone has found a way to subvert the system. As a result, their appearance triggers a heavy-handed investigation likely to result in the deaths of themselves, their actual parents, their previously-assumed parents, guardians, and any other likely collaborators. The machines running this system also have significant military might and a monopoly on all technology capable of interstellar flight (whether FTL or otherwise). Again, those seeking to escape from the machines' control face lethal consequences. The machines have their own error-checking mechanisms, large databases describing the allowed rage of "human" variability, and complete control of any process that might lead to a human population breaking away from the bulk or from their control.
2. This option is easier to describe, but only slightly more drastic: Kill all the humans. This will be hard to do on an interstellar scale, but you could do it with a machine authority which works covertly and on longer time scales than the first option. To start, it mainly tracks movement of entire human populations: Which colony ships are deployed? Where are they headed? It then builds a self-replicating automated army complete with nukes, [von Neumann and Berserker probes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-replicating_spacecraft#Berserkers), and a secret Doomsday clock. When the clock strikes midnight, all the probes trigger simultaneously and nuke every human settlement. Leave a few monitors in each known system (and keep replicating them for a while to check systems near those) so you can find and kill anyone who survived the initial strike. No humans implies no speciation...
Very dark, but... effective. |
235,701 | I am exploring the idea of humans leaving planet Earth and colonizing different planets. However, I would like the humans to remain "human". By "human" I mean that the different peoples still look mostly human (by today's standards) and could still have children with each other if they wanted to. I do not want the different human populations to diverge into different alien species.
So how does humanity prevent **[speciation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speciation)**? *Speciation: the scientific concept that when populations are completely separated from one another (for example, humans living on different planets), the different populations will gradually evolve into different species.*
What are some likely ways that a futuristic human civilization could prevent this from happening? | 2022/09/16 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/235701",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/44804/"
] | The technology required to do interstellar colonization and terraform planets (or build stable habitats in hostile systems) is quite advanced.
Far before we reach that level of technology, we will have highly effective gene editing, cloning and artificial reproduction.
For many, many 1000s if not 100,000s of years as the planet is terraformed, artificial environments and technology will be required to maintain a livable environment for humans (or, any life that is similar to complex earth life). And shipping physical humans over interstellar distances is a lot more expensive than just printing them out at the other end.
So your colonies will descend from printed, gene tailored humans, and probably the later generation humans living there will almost all be printed and gene tailored; the failure rate of traditional human reproduction is quite high, we only don't consider it a horror show because we don't have a practical alternative.
Keeping the ability to reproduce naturally might be something humans do, culturally. But the practical use of it when you live in a spin-gravity asteroid using fusion power and oort cloud ice miners to keep your civilization alive isn't all that high.
Two people who want to have children (or more) would do a gene-mixing or gene-writing (depending on their preferences) and get a new baby printed out more times than not. It is true there would be some who do "natural" childbirth (with varying degrees -- I mean, to these people, letting germ line naturally mix might be slightly granola, but very very few people would be so far as to grow a fetus within a human body; or vice versa, where almost everyone has a baby via pregnancy, but nobody does natural germ line mixing), and maybe they'd (culturally) keep this natural childbirth reverse compatible with traditional human genetics.
To avoid this problem, the issue of gene editing would have to become non-tractable; ie, changes beyond the superficial level cannot be done without a very high risk of the resulting embryo being non-viable.
If, culturally, genetic technology led to the idea of "making an experimental embryo" to be abhorrent, then gene tailored babies will just be remixes of existing human genes, and contain almost nothing new. You'd repair "damage", you wouldn't experiment with other possibilities, because most experiments would result in a dead embryo.
In this regime, evolution would mostly freeze. There might be "natural birth" communities that would continue to have babies that aren't tailored, but said communities would be akin to people today who choose to live without electricity. Over time, they'd shrink, or cross-breed with the rest of the community, where almost any mutations produced would get filtered out by genetic cleanup in the next generation.
So, the inability to predict the result of novel mutations, together with the unwillingness to create non-viable human babies whose life is full of suffering, could result in genetic stagnation. The people ion this scenario wouldn't breed naturally, because that is dangerous and error prone (with small minorities being an exception), resulting in each generation being a genetic remix of the baseline set of "known good" genes. | It seems that there are three main contributors to speciation: separation, small gene pools and *lots* of time. Environmental pressures factor as well, since it's the environment that historically provided the main selection pressure, but humans have been subborning that for centuries now. Small gene pools are readily resolved by having large colony complements - hundreds of thousands at least, preferably millions. You're clearly wanting this to last, so we're not going to get around the time factor. That leaves separation as the best point of attack.
The first solution that springs to mind is cross-polination. If there is enough interbreeding between colonies then any deviation from baseline human would eventually spread through the entire species, evolving the species as a whole rather than branching into incompatible sub-species. A constant flow of emigration between wide-flung colonies may be costly, but the alternative is a little terrifying: war between insular worlds, each of which believes themselves to be the one true human race and all others are subhuman animals.
Yeah, bit dark there. But common enough in SF to be a trope we can leverage.
For this to last though, it needs to be deeply embedded. Not just legally, not merely logically established plans, this needs to be so deeply embedded in human society and morality that it is never questioned. You're going to have to program your colonial societies to desire miscegenation (which is a scary word, usually perjorative, but entirely applicable here) at a deep level. Insularity and racial pride must be crushed ruthlessly, and children will have to be indoctrinated towards your cultural norm.
Yeah, lots of scary words in that paragraph. Because that's what you're going to need to make this work across deep time. But your goal is pure, so the methods don't matter... right? Anything goes as long as your goals are righteous.
So let's start with inter-system colonial law. Every colony is required to accept a certain number of unmarried, fertile immigrants of mixed genders each year (or whatever time period fits your FTL system best), and to supply an equivalent number of suitable emigrants. Failure to do so will be met with varying degrees of censure from trade embargoes all the way up to eventual dissolution of the colony and redistribution of the colonists to other worlds. Worlds that resist will be cleared of all human life one way or another, and may be restarted with a fresh stock of willing colonists drawn from a variety of other worlds.
The reasons behind these laws are of course well publicised, so that we know that it's our duty to ensure the health of Humanity's future. This is where it starts to become a moral imperative, a duty to our descendants, to the trillions of lives yet to be born. This gives us licence to do some things that might be considered a little... worrying to some. As long as we're doing it for the "right" reasons though we are clear in our conscience.
Having established a moral imperative, we can proceed - clear of conscience - to indoctrination. All news media outlets will be encouraged (by threat of legal censure if necessary) to spin their reporting subtly in the direction of xenophilia. Insular groups are to be vilified, immigrants and mixed groups are to be portrayed as favorably as possible. Works of fiction will be lauded highest when portraying insular groups as ugly, villainous social cancers and 'xenos' as desirable heroes and positive influences. When anyone espouses any form of exclusion they should be destroyed thoroughly in the media, and we'll allow any lies to be told about them if it serves this purpose. Meanwhile we'll encourage active suppression of negative reporting or portrayal of xenos as it could harm our lofty goal of galactic integration. We're not monsters of course, we're not going to make it illegal to marry people from your own colony or racial group, but by normalizing mixing on all media we can at least make it mildly distasteful. If we get this part right we can make it eminently desirable to marry outside your colonial group.
And finally, let's address children. They're not that difficult to indoctrinate with the right methods, and they'll carry that indoctrination into their adult lives. It starts easy, making minor changes to stories and myths to normalize xenophilia and demonize insularity. Rewrite the children's stories of monsters and princesses and all that tripe. Princesses (and princes) are always from exotic worlds, monsters and evil antagonists come from terrible, insular coloniss. Children's visual programming should be gradually filled with heroic xenos, evil insulars, etc. The bad guys are always from some colony that cut contact with the rest of the galaxy, and the good guys are teams made up of the best representatives of multiple worlds. Young adult programming will have endless examples of troubled same-world relationships, while the only perfect relationships will be between people from different colonies.
We don't even have to be particularly gentle with it. Anyone who objects is nominating themselves to be the bad guy in our society, and can be used as object lessons in why you don't fight the narrative.
---
Yeah, I'm a terrible person. But really, how does one program a society otherwise? If you let people go their own way they might not do what you want them to do. Social programming is the only way you're going to get this to work in the long term, and it's the long term you're really worried about. |
286,710 | I want to get a security model implemented, but I'm not sure what terminology IIS/SSL uses in order to do that. Nor do I know how to make it happen in IIS7.5
The process I want to have
* Administrator users (multiple) of a website create a personal certificate (.p12/.pfx/something)
* Server operator installs one side of this certificate to IIS (for each admin)
* Administrator imports the other side of certificate to their browser
* Administrator then authenticates to their administration area of the website, using the SSL as a passport to be able to get anywhere near the admin login area
How would I go about implementing the model above? I pretty much require step by step with the certificate generation and IIS configuration. I'm unsure if I require some sort of windows based authentication on top of the website authentication and some sort of mapping of the certificates back to the windows user.
I'm guessing I'll need dedicated Windows Users for each administrator, with sync'd certificates. Note this is Win2k8 R2 + IIS 7.5, not exchange or domain driven stuff, just a plain server without all the AD crap. | 2011/07/04 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/286710",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/12173/"
] | You will need to map the client-side certificates for Windows Authentication (if that is desired). You may find the following two articles from microsoft helpful. They have a step-by-step process.
One is an MSDN article. The other is a Microsoft Support Knowledge base article.
<http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff649203.aspx>
<http://support.microsoft.com/?id=907274>
Hope that it helps. | My inital thoughts were that you wanted SSL to do something it wasn't designed for but then of course there are client certificates....
Have a look at this article on iisadmin.co.uk
<http://www.iisadmin.co.uk/?p=11>
-Lewis |
286,710 | I want to get a security model implemented, but I'm not sure what terminology IIS/SSL uses in order to do that. Nor do I know how to make it happen in IIS7.5
The process I want to have
* Administrator users (multiple) of a website create a personal certificate (.p12/.pfx/something)
* Server operator installs one side of this certificate to IIS (for each admin)
* Administrator imports the other side of certificate to their browser
* Administrator then authenticates to their administration area of the website, using the SSL as a passport to be able to get anywhere near the admin login area
How would I go about implementing the model above? I pretty much require step by step with the certificate generation and IIS configuration. I'm unsure if I require some sort of windows based authentication on top of the website authentication and some sort of mapping of the certificates back to the windows user.
I'm guessing I'll need dedicated Windows Users for each administrator, with sync'd certificates. Note this is Win2k8 R2 + IIS 7.5, not exchange or domain driven stuff, just a plain server without all the AD crap. | 2011/07/04 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/286710",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/12173/"
] | You have two separate issues.
1. Design a way of generating and maintening your certificates. Typically, that means installing a CA and using it for signing user-generated certificates. It's a rather complex topic but you might want to start by installing and understanding the "Certificate Authority" role in Windows. Do NOT install that on the same machine as your web server, though.
2. Implementing a Client certificate authentication rule in IIS 7.5. That's actually not too complex to do.
Here are the details on how to setup client certificate authentication in IIS 7.5:
* In the role manager, install the IIS role service called "IIS client Certificate mapping authentication"
* Open the IIS manager and select the site or folder you want to secure.
* Open the "configuration editor" and browse to the "system.webServer/security/authentication/iisClientCertificateMappingAuthentication" section.
* Set "enabled" to "true".
Now, you got different options (both can be enabled at the same time): many-to-one and one-to-one mapping. See [this documentation](http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc732996%28v=WS.10%29.aspx) of how to set it up but, basically, you create a base-64 encoded version of each certificate you want to accept, open it in a text editor, you remove the "begin certificate" and "end certificate" lines, remove all line breaks for it and then create a mapping entry in the configuration editor with the Windows Username and password to use for that cert logon and using the string you just created in the "certificate" field.
Using man-to-one mapping is a bit more complex because you have to specify which field of the client certificate will be used for verifying a client certificate (instead of using the whole certificate) but it can be easier to maintain if you have many users (since you won't need to install every individual certificate on the web server).
Also, know that all certificate you use NEED to be valid on the server: you'll need to install them in the server system's certificate store (not your user, the system's) either in the "trusted People" section (for self-signed and user certificates), in the "Trusted Root CA" (for certificate root) or in the Intermediary Certificate Authority" (for ICAs). | My inital thoughts were that you wanted SSL to do something it wasn't designed for but then of course there are client certificates....
Have a look at this article on iisadmin.co.uk
<http://www.iisadmin.co.uk/?p=11>
-Lewis |
286,710 | I want to get a security model implemented, but I'm not sure what terminology IIS/SSL uses in order to do that. Nor do I know how to make it happen in IIS7.5
The process I want to have
* Administrator users (multiple) of a website create a personal certificate (.p12/.pfx/something)
* Server operator installs one side of this certificate to IIS (for each admin)
* Administrator imports the other side of certificate to their browser
* Administrator then authenticates to their administration area of the website, using the SSL as a passport to be able to get anywhere near the admin login area
How would I go about implementing the model above? I pretty much require step by step with the certificate generation and IIS configuration. I'm unsure if I require some sort of windows based authentication on top of the website authentication and some sort of mapping of the certificates back to the windows user.
I'm guessing I'll need dedicated Windows Users for each administrator, with sync'd certificates. Note this is Win2k8 R2 + IIS 7.5, not exchange or domain driven stuff, just a plain server without all the AD crap. | 2011/07/04 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/286710",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/12173/"
] | You have two separate issues.
1. Design a way of generating and maintening your certificates. Typically, that means installing a CA and using it for signing user-generated certificates. It's a rather complex topic but you might want to start by installing and understanding the "Certificate Authority" role in Windows. Do NOT install that on the same machine as your web server, though.
2. Implementing a Client certificate authentication rule in IIS 7.5. That's actually not too complex to do.
Here are the details on how to setup client certificate authentication in IIS 7.5:
* In the role manager, install the IIS role service called "IIS client Certificate mapping authentication"
* Open the IIS manager and select the site or folder you want to secure.
* Open the "configuration editor" and browse to the "system.webServer/security/authentication/iisClientCertificateMappingAuthentication" section.
* Set "enabled" to "true".
Now, you got different options (both can be enabled at the same time): many-to-one and one-to-one mapping. See [this documentation](http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc732996%28v=WS.10%29.aspx) of how to set it up but, basically, you create a base-64 encoded version of each certificate you want to accept, open it in a text editor, you remove the "begin certificate" and "end certificate" lines, remove all line breaks for it and then create a mapping entry in the configuration editor with the Windows Username and password to use for that cert logon and using the string you just created in the "certificate" field.
Using man-to-one mapping is a bit more complex because you have to specify which field of the client certificate will be used for verifying a client certificate (instead of using the whole certificate) but it can be easier to maintain if you have many users (since you won't need to install every individual certificate on the web server).
Also, know that all certificate you use NEED to be valid on the server: you'll need to install them in the server system's certificate store (not your user, the system's) either in the "trusted People" section (for self-signed and user certificates), in the "Trusted Root CA" (for certificate root) or in the Intermediary Certificate Authority" (for ICAs). | You will need to map the client-side certificates for Windows Authentication (if that is desired). You may find the following two articles from microsoft helpful. They have a step-by-step process.
One is an MSDN article. The other is a Microsoft Support Knowledge base article.
<http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff649203.aspx>
<http://support.microsoft.com/?id=907274>
Hope that it helps. |
10,335,038 | I have place several NSLog() in my iOS application, is it possible to see all the logs later on my Mac that was generated when the app ran on iPhone handset even when iPhone was not connected with Mac.
Thanks | 2012/04/26 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/10335038",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/928763/"
] | I'm fairly certain that's not possible. The device needs to be connected to the Mac in order to run in Xcode's debug mode, and you need to be in debug mode to view the console, which contains your NSLogs. | There is a crash log for every crash that occurs on the phone, which is readable after connecting to your mac. These NSLog's don't appear in this log nor do they appear anywhere else in a (semi) permanent manner. |
10,335,038 | I have place several NSLog() in my iOS application, is it possible to see all the logs later on my Mac that was generated when the app ran on iPhone handset even when iPhone was not connected with Mac.
Thanks | 2012/04/26 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/10335038",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/928763/"
] | You can view crash logs from your iPhone in the Organizer.
If you want to view your own log statements, you could consider TestFlight ( <http://testflightapp.com> ). They offer an SDK which includes features for remote logging. | There is a crash log for every crash that occurs on the phone, which is readable after connecting to your mac. These NSLog's don't appear in this log nor do they appear anywhere else in a (semi) permanent manner. |
10,335,038 | I have place several NSLog() in my iOS application, is it possible to see all the logs later on my Mac that was generated when the app ran on iPhone handset even when iPhone was not connected with Mac.
Thanks | 2012/04/26 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/10335038",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/928763/"
] | You can view crash logs from your iPhone in the Organizer.
If you want to view your own log statements, you could consider TestFlight ( <http://testflightapp.com> ). They offer an SDK which includes features for remote logging. | I'm fairly certain that's not possible. The device needs to be connected to the Mac in order to run in Xcode's debug mode, and you need to be in debug mode to view the console, which contains your NSLogs. |
10,335,038 | I have place several NSLog() in my iOS application, is it possible to see all the logs later on my Mac that was generated when the app ran on iPhone handset even when iPhone was not connected with Mac.
Thanks | 2012/04/26 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/10335038",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/928763/"
] | No. You can however redirect NSLog to a file, using something like this: <http://blog.coriolis.ch/2009/01/09/redirect-nslog-to-a-file-on-the-iphone/>
Then you can access the file via Xcode, or upload it with your app. File usage and privacy issues apply.
Keep in mind that NSLog is supposed to be turned off in published apps, so you may want to use a different logging app. A number of NSLog alternatives are available. | I'm fairly certain that's not possible. The device needs to be connected to the Mac in order to run in Xcode's debug mode, and you need to be in debug mode to view the console, which contains your NSLogs. |
10,335,038 | I have place several NSLog() in my iOS application, is it possible to see all the logs later on my Mac that was generated when the app ran on iPhone handset even when iPhone was not connected with Mac.
Thanks | 2012/04/26 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/10335038",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/928763/"
] | I'm fairly certain that's not possible. The device needs to be connected to the Mac in order to run in Xcode's debug mode, and you need to be in debug mode to view the console, which contains your NSLogs. | It's possible using custom macros and a custom class which will write each message in the documents directory in a file.
If the file sharing is enabled in the app you can later download them in iTunes. |
10,335,038 | I have place several NSLog() in my iOS application, is it possible to see all the logs later on my Mac that was generated when the app ran on iPhone handset even when iPhone was not connected with Mac.
Thanks | 2012/04/26 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/10335038",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/928763/"
] | No. You can however redirect NSLog to a file, using something like this: <http://blog.coriolis.ch/2009/01/09/redirect-nslog-to-a-file-on-the-iphone/>
Then you can access the file via Xcode, or upload it with your app. File usage and privacy issues apply.
Keep in mind that NSLog is supposed to be turned off in published apps, so you may want to use a different logging app. A number of NSLog alternatives are available. | Seeing the logs in mac might not be possible. But you can send the log to testflight using TFLog(). But you will need to distribute your app through testflightapp. And integrate the sdk. I think that is what you are looking for. try out - testflightapp.com |
10,335,038 | I have place several NSLog() in my iOS application, is it possible to see all the logs later on my Mac that was generated when the app ran on iPhone handset even when iPhone was not connected with Mac.
Thanks | 2012/04/26 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/10335038",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/928763/"
] | No. You can however redirect NSLog to a file, using something like this: <http://blog.coriolis.ch/2009/01/09/redirect-nslog-to-a-file-on-the-iphone/>
Then you can access the file via Xcode, or upload it with your app. File usage and privacy issues apply.
Keep in mind that NSLog is supposed to be turned off in published apps, so you may want to use a different logging app. A number of NSLog alternatives are available. | There is a crash log for every crash that occurs on the phone, which is readable after connecting to your mac. These NSLog's don't appear in this log nor do they appear anywhere else in a (semi) permanent manner. |
10,335,038 | I have place several NSLog() in my iOS application, is it possible to see all the logs later on my Mac that was generated when the app ran on iPhone handset even when iPhone was not connected with Mac.
Thanks | 2012/04/26 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/10335038",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/928763/"
] | I'm fairly certain that's not possible. The device needs to be connected to the Mac in order to run in Xcode's debug mode, and you need to be in debug mode to view the console, which contains your NSLogs. | Seeing the logs in mac might not be possible. But you can send the log to testflight using TFLog(). But you will need to distribute your app through testflightapp. And integrate the sdk. I think that is what you are looking for. try out - testflightapp.com |
10,335,038 | I have place several NSLog() in my iOS application, is it possible to see all the logs later on my Mac that was generated when the app ran on iPhone handset even when iPhone was not connected with Mac.
Thanks | 2012/04/26 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/10335038",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/928763/"
] | Unfortunately this is not possible.
The only thing that you can get is a Crash Log.
If you need a better logging system, I suggest to take a look to [CocoaLumberjack](https://github.com/robbiehanson/CocoaLumberjack), a very powerful logging framework that gives you the opportunity to save log in files and, eventually, send them to a server.
You also have many different levels like: log info, log error, log warning, etc... | There is a crash log for every crash that occurs on the phone, which is readable after connecting to your mac. These NSLog's don't appear in this log nor do they appear anywhere else in a (semi) permanent manner. |
10,335,038 | I have place several NSLog() in my iOS application, is it possible to see all the logs later on my Mac that was generated when the app ran on iPhone handset even when iPhone was not connected with Mac.
Thanks | 2012/04/26 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/10335038",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/928763/"
] | No. You can however redirect NSLog to a file, using something like this: <http://blog.coriolis.ch/2009/01/09/redirect-nslog-to-a-file-on-the-iphone/>
Then you can access the file via Xcode, or upload it with your app. File usage and privacy issues apply.
Keep in mind that NSLog is supposed to be turned off in published apps, so you may want to use a different logging app. A number of NSLog alternatives are available. | It's possible using custom macros and a custom class which will write each message in the documents directory in a file.
If the file sharing is enabled in the app you can later download them in iTunes. |
3,857,460 | Im not used to work with SQL and I hardly know any DDL-scripting at all. Im using ADO.NET Entity Framework 4 in Visual Studio 2010 with EDMX-designer and a Self-Tracking Entity Generator. It does the hard work for me and I get a DDL-script to be used to create the database when it doesnt exist. So far so good...
Then I make a change in my EDMX-model, perhaps adding a property to an entity, and I get a new DDL for creating a new database. But what about the old one? This database now contains some data and I would of course like to move this to the new version. Ideally I would like some tool to generate a UPGRADE-DDL from my old CREATE-DDL to my new CREATE-DDL while also keeping as much of the data from the old database as possible. But I cant find any such feature in VS2010 and I cant find any resources about it when searching the net, which seems weird because this should be a very common problem, right? Or am I missing something here? I may do a lot of changes and additions to my schema using the EDMX-designer and I dont want to manually write the upgrading DDL-script. Im not good enough with DDL to do that...
How is everybody else doing this? Im confused... | 2010/10/04 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3857460",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/382838/"
] | "Entity Designer Database Generation Power Pack" seems to be the solution! It can generate upgrade-scripts for edmx-schemas. Perfect! | Well, welcome to the limitations of automatic db generation. Learn to live with them. Automatic schema generation from an O/R mapper is never going to work well. |
1,139 | I was looking through the working of [SSL V3](http://www.freesoft.org/CIE/Topics/ssl-draft/3-SPEC.HTM#7), and found that a connection state is defined by a set of things, including
* client write mac secret,
* server write mac secret,
* server write key,
* client write key.
I couldn't found the use of these in the SSL protocol.
As I understood from reading, after having a handshake, SSL creates a 48 byte *master secret*, which is used in encryption and this secret is shared by both client and server.
For what are these four values used? | 2011/11/07 | [
"https://crypto.stackexchange.com/questions/1139",
"https://crypto.stackexchange.com",
"https://crypto.stackexchange.com/users/713/"
] | In [TLS](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5246) (that's the standard name for SSL; TLS 1.2 is like "SSL version 3.3"), client and server ends up with a shared secret (the "master secret", a 48-byte sequence; when using RSA key exchange, the master secret is derived from the "premaster secret" which is the 48-byte string that the client encrypts with the server public key). That shared secret is then "extended" into *six* values:
* the "client write key";
* the "client write IV";
* the "client write MAC key";
* three similar values for the server.
The "extension" uses the PRF described in section 5; it can be thought of as a hash function with a flexible output length.
TLS main purpose is to keep data confidential; however, it *also* aims at maintaining data integrity: if someone or something, willingly or not, alters data in transit, then the receiver must be able to reliably detect it. Detecting alterations is important in many protocols; moreover, if an attacker can modify data, he can often handcraft precise alteration which, when sent to the peer in lieu of the correct data, may result in reactions which leak information about the encrypted data. Therefore, **we not only want to detect alterations for the own sake of integrity, but also because unconstrained alteration may result in a *confidentiality* breach.**
So we need *encryption* (for confidentiality) and *integrity control* (to support confidentiality, and because integrity is also needed by itself). This calls for several algorithms, typically [AES](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Encryption_Standard) for the symmetric encryption part, and [HMAC](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMAC) for the integrity control. HMAC is a [Message Authentication Code](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Message_authentication_code) algorithm, which is a kind of "hash function with a key" (HMAC is built over a true hash function, like SHA-256, with a key inserted "the right way"). The HMAC value is computed by the client with its "client write MAC key" and appended to the record data; the server will recompute the HMAC value and see if it matches the one which was sent.
The encryption part requires a key (and an IV for symmetric encryption algorithms which use CBC mode, and this is subject to a few subtleties which depend on the SSL protocol version, so I will not detail these here). The MAC also needs a key. **Using the same key for two distinct algorithms is, as a general rule, not recommended at all:** there may be unwanted interactions between the two algorithms, an improbable but not impossible event which has not been thoroughly studied. So, to be on the safe side, we generated two keys, one for encryption and one for the MAC. The two keys come from the master secret, but the derivation mechanism is like a hash function, so it supposedly makes it impossible to guess the MAC key even if you know the encryption key, and vice versa.
Since TLS has a key derivation function (the "PRF") which can produce outputs of arbitrary length, it was easy to mandate production of encryption and MAC keys distinct for both directions (the key used by the client to encrypt data -- and that the server uses to decrypt received data -- is distinct from the key used by the server to encrypt data it sends to the client). Using distinct keys avoids problems with attackers who could otherwise get a copy of an encrypted record sent by the client, and feed it back *to the client* as if it was sent from the server. With distinct keys, the client will reject the attempt, because the HMAC value will not match what the client expects (it will be a HMAC computed with the client write MAC key, not with the server write MAC key).
There are newer symmetric encryption modes which do the encryption *and* the MAC with the same key in a controlled way, e.g. [GCM](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galois/Counter_Mode) -- and AES-with-GCM can be [used with TLS](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5288) although you may have a hard time finding compatible implementations (this is rather new). | SSL does more than just encrypt the data. It also protects it from undetected modification. To do this, when it encrypts data, it also generates a cryptographical checksum (which is termed a message authentication code or 'mac') of the plaintext record, and includes that in with the encrypted record. Now, to make sure that someone in the middle can't compute their own mac if they modify the record, the computation of these mac's use keys (which are ultimately derived from the master record, just like the encryption keys are). On decryption, the decrypter also computes the mac of the plaintext it got (using its copy of the keys), and compares it to the mac within the record; if they are identical, then the record was not modified in transit.
So, the client\_write\_mac\_secret is the secret key used to protect records that the client sends (writes) and the server receives; the server\_write\_mac\_secret is the secret key used to protect records that the server sends, and the client receives.
Note that both sides has both secrets; the client uses client\_write\_mac\_secret to protect the records it sends to the client, and the server uses client\_write\_mac\_secret to validate the records that it receives from the client. |
975,666 | Can you set a cookie only for domain.tld and www.domain.tld so that if you go to any other subdomain (bla.doamin.tld for example) the cookie won't be set? | 2009/06/10 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/975666",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/9789/"
] | Only if you specify .domain.tld a cookie works for all sub-domains. Setting the cookie for www.domain.tld AND domain.tld should be just what you need. | I think this isn't possible. I would abstract your cookie-setting-functionality and just set two cookies. One for *www.example.org* and one for *example.org*. |
975,666 | Can you set a cookie only for domain.tld and www.domain.tld so that if you go to any other subdomain (bla.doamin.tld for example) the cookie won't be set? | 2009/06/10 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/975666",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/9789/"
] | Only if you specify .domain.tld a cookie works for all sub-domains. Setting the cookie for www.domain.tld AND domain.tld should be just what you need. | You can do this. It's mentioned in this cookie spec: <http://curl.haxx.se/rfc/cookie_spec.html>
>
> When searching the cookie list for valid cookies, a comparison of the domain attributes of the cookie is made with the Internet domain name of the host from which the URL will be fetched. If there is a tail match, then the cookie will go through path matching to see if it should be sent. "Tail matching" means that domain attribute is matched against the tail of the fully qualified domain name of the host. A domain attribute of "acme.com" would match host names "anvil.acme.com" as well as "shipping.crate.acme.com".
>
>
> |
975,666 | Can you set a cookie only for domain.tld and www.domain.tld so that if you go to any other subdomain (bla.doamin.tld for example) the cookie won't be set? | 2009/06/10 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/975666",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/9789/"
] | You can do this. It's mentioned in this cookie spec: <http://curl.haxx.se/rfc/cookie_spec.html>
>
> When searching the cookie list for valid cookies, a comparison of the domain attributes of the cookie is made with the Internet domain name of the host from which the URL will be fetched. If there is a tail match, then the cookie will go through path matching to see if it should be sent. "Tail matching" means that domain attribute is matched against the tail of the fully qualified domain name of the host. A domain attribute of "acme.com" would match host names "anvil.acme.com" as well as "shipping.crate.acme.com".
>
>
> | I think this isn't possible. I would abstract your cookie-setting-functionality and just set two cookies. One for *www.example.org* and one for *example.org*. |
7,775,456 | I want to know how to integrate google plus in my app. Currently I am developing news application, in which I would like to have a news sharing option for things like facebook, twitter, gmail, and google plus. How can I achieve this functionality? | 2011/10/15 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/7775456",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/647615/"
] | Sharing the Android way doesn't involve integrating services one by one. That would require you to update your app any time a new service launches that you might want to integrate with. Instead you use the [ACTION\_SEND Intent](http://developer.android.com/reference/android/content/Intent.html#ACTION_SEND).
This blog post gives a good intro to its use: <http://sudarmuthu.com/blog/sharing-content-in-android-using-action_send-intent>
When you implement sharing this way your users can share using any app they have installed on their device. If they install a new app that can accept sharing intents your app will immediately be able to integrate with it with no changes from you. The Google+ app accepts these sharing intents. | You can easily share to Google+ with ShareCompat, you only need the support library for that.
<http://googleplusplatform.blogspot.co.at/2012/05/sharing-rich-content-from-your-android.html> |
76,900 | One very common situation when I use Musescore is that I have created a tuba part with chords, and I want to copy only the chords into another part that also contains notes.
I want to transform this
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/kGeMZ.png)
to this
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ThJuq.png)
Doing this manually is very time consuming. Do you know a quick way to do it? I realize that handling the pause in third bar for the trumpet may be a bit overkill, but I'm happy for any solution that at least somewhat makes this automatic.
I posted my current method as an answer. What I don't like about this solution is partly because I need to click on every single chord, but also that it does not fix the pause. The latter one is not very important, but the first one still makes it quite tedious if you want to do this for a whole song with 20 parts. | 2018/11/25 | [
"https://music.stackexchange.com/questions/76900",
"https://music.stackexchange.com",
"https://music.stackexchange.com/users/51575/"
] | R-click a Chord Symbol in the Tuba stave.
Select - All Similar Elements in Same Stave.
Press Ctrl-C to copy them to the clipboard.
Select the first object in another stave. Paste. Repeat for the rest of the staves.
That's all. Transposition for Bb Trumpet will be automatic. It's usual to show everyone the entire chord sequence even if there are rests. | The solution I have so far is this:
Hold CTRL and individually click all the chords. Then select the first bar where you want to paste them. This works and is way more convenient than doing it completely from scratch. |
44,959 | A local college is teaching C++ to first year college students (16 years old) with no prior programming experience.
As first programming language, is C++ suitable? | 2011/02/07 | [
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/44959",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/users/13125/"
] | I would say yes. But any language can really be a first language. I think C++ is good because while it's complex and sometimes difficult, it shows you what you can really do (less limitations). Also, it has some object oriented design that can help you get ready to take on other languages.
C++ was my first language and I'm glad it was. It got me thinking in the OOP mindset early on and I'm thankful for that. But in the end, it really comes down to what you want to do. The language doesn't matter as much because if you can get good with one language, chances are you're not going to have any problems picking up another. What do you want to do? Make games? Program for mobile phones? Each one will have tools and languages better suited for it. | No. I'd start with Java or C#. If you want to learn C++, its probably easier after you've learned the basics, such as what is a class, how to do loops and forks(if, then statements), etc. It's much more important to learn how to look at a problem or a mathematical equation and program it than it is to figure out if you've released all your memory or whatever. |
44,959 | A local college is teaching C++ to first year college students (16 years old) with no prior programming experience.
As first programming language, is C++ suitable? | 2011/02/07 | [
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/44959",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/users/13125/"
] | Sure. There are other languages that might be easier for first year students to grasp. However, there are ways that a teacher could slowly introduce concepts in C++. | Some of points where beginners easily make mistakes in C++ are:
making assignments where you wanted to test = vs ==
Missing ;
Readability of curly brackets vs. for example pascal begin-end
And then there are all the include files, macros, memorymanagement etc. to confuse.
So I would say C++ is not the best language to start with - however there is no doubt that it can be very usefull when you have learned it.
I would - as others also suggested - use C#, Java or maybe even VB - and a good IDE with syntax highlight, debugger etc. to help make it easier to recover from errors. |
44,959 | A local college is teaching C++ to first year college students (16 years old) with no prior programming experience.
As first programming language, is C++ suitable? | 2011/02/07 | [
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/44959",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/users/13125/"
] | Sure. My first language was C, but that was really just to ease our class into C++. It made Java much easier to handle once I got to University. C++ might have a slightly steeper learning curve, but if it's taught properly it should be fine. | If "suitable" stands for "possible", yes. If for "good", definitely no.
It's possible to like, even love C++, but for that you better learn several languages and work some decade with teal-life rotten codebases, get experience on "crafting nontrivial software that works actually" -- then C++ will have charm.
Not at start when you are virgin, fiddle with small, simple (but supposedly interesting and fun) problems.
I'd start with python, followed by SICP (scheme), or something similar. Maybe reversed or interleaved. With those you can just go and deal with the problem. Instead of fighting the system, walking in deep mud and learn all kinds of illogical quirks and their historical reasons.
Later, when you already can program your way out of a paper bag, switch to bare metal: learn ways of assembly and several architectures, plus maybe Knuth's Mix. I don't mean memorizing opcodes or do much real stuff, just to understand memory, registers, the ALU, caches, interrupts, and get on read level.
Then with that foundation you can be exposed to other languages, including C++. Maybe a good idea to add some "history and evolution of languages" in between. |
44,959 | A local college is teaching C++ to first year college students (16 years old) with no prior programming experience.
As first programming language, is C++ suitable? | 2011/02/07 | [
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/44959",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/users/13125/"
] | Definitely C++ can be the very first language. But it's about how well it is taught.
Everyone says, the first language should be very easy to grasp. But my point is, most of the people start programming in undergraduate level. So, you can teach something they are capable to grasp. And with C++, you can go from lower level to higher level of programming. | I would say yes. But any language can really be a first language. I think C++ is good because while it's complex and sometimes difficult, it shows you what you can really do (less limitations). Also, it has some object oriented design that can help you get ready to take on other languages.
C++ was my first language and I'm glad it was. It got me thinking in the OOP mindset early on and I'm thankful for that. But in the end, it really comes down to what you want to do. The language doesn't matter as much because if you can get good with one language, chances are you're not going to have any problems picking up another. What do you want to do? Make games? Program for mobile phones? Each one will have tools and languages better suited for it. |
44,959 | A local college is teaching C++ to first year college students (16 years old) with no prior programming experience.
As first programming language, is C++ suitable? | 2011/02/07 | [
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/44959",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/users/13125/"
] | I would say yes. But any language can really be a first language. I think C++ is good because while it's complex and sometimes difficult, it shows you what you can really do (less limitations). Also, it has some object oriented design that can help you get ready to take on other languages.
C++ was my first language and I'm glad it was. It got me thinking in the OOP mindset early on and I'm thankful for that. But in the end, it really comes down to what you want to do. The language doesn't matter as much because if you can get good with one language, chances are you're not going to have any problems picking up another. What do you want to do? Make games? Program for mobile phones? Each one will have tools and languages better suited for it. | Beginners need to appreciate 'programming' first. In my experience in training a class of beginners, they appreciated first what they understand the most. Like Python vs. C# they appreciate Python because its very high level and does not use symbols like C# does, meaning very near to human language, its very English. So I would recommend to learn programming from high level to low level. |
44,959 | A local college is teaching C++ to first year college students (16 years old) with no prior programming experience.
As first programming language, is C++ suitable? | 2011/02/07 | [
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/44959",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/users/13125/"
] | No.
As a teaching language, C++ is only marginally better than C, which is one of the worst teaching languages around. It introduces a lot of complexity up front, some parts of the language are deeply non-intuitive, and most of the time you're learning more about C++ than about programming in general.
That's not to say that C++ (or C) are bad languages, or aren't worth learning; just that there are better teaching languages available, such as Python. | I started out with C++ in middle school. I picked up a copy of this book: [C++ How to Program by Deitel and Deitel](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/0136117260). This book is quite good.
Frankly there is no right or wrong answer here, I personally found that C++ was graspable. I learned it all the way to OOP ( I got tripped up on "this" which I now don't understand how I couldn't get that but whatever). Try it, don't get discouraged. If you get stuck, check out other languages and keep learning new ones. The idea is that as you see the same concept in 2-3 different forms you will understand them better. Like I said, the concept of the "this" pointer confused me but when I saw the same thing in Python (named self instead) it made sense to me right away because I'd understood it in C++. Do learn Java if you can as many colleges teach it. Do learn python or ruby as it's the language du jour and if you can explore more niche/new stuff like Clojure(and all the other lisps), Haskell, Scala... |
44,959 | A local college is teaching C++ to first year college students (16 years old) with no prior programming experience.
As first programming language, is C++ suitable? | 2011/02/07 | [
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/44959",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/users/13125/"
] | Sure. My first language was C, but that was really just to ease our class into C++. It made Java much easier to handle once I got to University. C++ might have a slightly steeper learning curve, but if it's taught properly it should be fine. | It appears the assumption behind this question is "C++ appears so complex, will a 16 year old be able to pick it up as the first (computer programming) language?"
By the time we are 4 or 5, we pick up most of the constructs in the mother tongue, just with that much exposure to it through listening others speak it. Forming great sentences takes a life time, no question there.
C++ is sure a lot less complex/complicated than, say, most human languages. 16 year olds should sure be able to pick it up. Will they write great code with it? Got to wait and watch. |
44,959 | A local college is teaching C++ to first year college students (16 years old) with no prior programming experience.
As first programming language, is C++ suitable? | 2011/02/07 | [
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/44959",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/users/13125/"
] | I would say 'no'- I had an eagerness and desire to learn programming, and went right into my intro year at college with C++ right off the bat. Coupled with a teacher who was teaching C++ as if it were another language (concepts that made sense to them, not necessarily concepts of the language or real world application), and projects thrown at us right away every week, I crashed and burned along with half of the class. By the time I could even digest, experiment and apply what I was being taught, I struggled with the project homework which doubled as tests. I would argue that it was more a 200 level course than 100.
I really tried my best. I didn't ask for sympathy, I knew it would be a challenge, but the teacher wouldn't even help me. Just told me to go read the textbook, as I had been doing.
I would argue (and some would disagree) that Ruby or Python is a much better language to break someone into the world of programming. Clean, concise, readable, clearer syntax. | C++ is an expert language, not a beginner one... would say C first, not Java or C# or Python... why? because C teaches you to take care about your memory and some tricky concepts such as pointers which are "hidden" by all languages yet being present everywhere.
I've seen so many young developers who don't even understand why memory should be released sometimes and believe the garbage collector is not a little dwarf that cleans all coding craps: they instantiate, they instantiate and boom it explodes even if they have XXXXGb RAM... But they don't understand why the garbage collector is not simply magically cleaning everything!
And I've seen this kind of developers coding in C++ (and even crazier, in Corba) and it was a slaughter!!!!!!!!!!
So I would advice to learn coding in C and then go to Python/Java/C# for the object concepts and all sugar around. Then when you understand all of that, you go to C++ and you feel the power of C++ but you also discover all its dangers and why it shouldn't be used by anyone ;) |
37,724 | I have a 5-year-old daughter. She has expressed a desire to be a Medical Doctor several times. Are there games, books, something on TV she can watch that will ground this idea or give her more perspective? I know she is 5, but she can at least learn more about medical profession if nothing else. | 2019/08/26 | [
"https://parenting.stackexchange.com/questions/37724",
"https://parenting.stackexchange.com",
"https://parenting.stackexchange.com/users/36218/"
] | You've said it yourself: She's five. At this stage in her life, it's pretty much pointless to try and ground her in a specific profession. IMO, you should instead focus on exposing her to a wide variety of activities. Yes, foster interests she has, but don't take any one thing she's interested in too seriously.
That said, of course there are games and books you can get her. You could get her a play doctor's kit, or make an ad-hoc one (see for example <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eGoObtjXD28>). If she actually uses her doctor's kit to play doctor with another child, react in a measured and calm way when the play involves nakedness and/or genitals.
Show her how to treat small injuries, such as scrapes from falling down; let her have some band-aids etc to practice and play with. Explain to her what vaccines are for when her next vaccination shot comes up.
As to books, get her something that gets her in touch with her own body (google for "my body children's book" to find a ton of suggestions, and take it from there).
All this isn't geared to fostering a lasting interest in becoming a doctor, but rather at getting her to understand the basics of how her body works and what different parts are for, how to take care of herself etc.
Your daughter might also be interested in doctors because they help other people and she'd like to do that too (kinda like some kids want to become a policeman or private investigator). So besides focusing on books, games and movies with doctors, you might also try to find stories with protagonists who help others, or animals.
I'd be wary of films involving doctors, because many of them are a) depicting clear role distributions with male doctors and female nurses, especially if they're a bit dated, and b) deal either with love interests between said persons, or with ethical issues, both of which are above your daughter's head right now, and c) they never show how exhausting being a doctor (especially in a hospital) is in real life. | As I said in my comment, I don't think there is any way to teach someone what being a doctor is like, because it is nothing like anyone who's not a doctor can imagine.
There are [kid's books about doctors](https://www.shegotguts.com/posts/2018/8/14/10-books-for-kids-about-the-doctor). There are games about the human body (I remember "Operation" and "The Visible Man"). There are [YouTube videos](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JxdrEFz9Jsw) about it. You can share these with her.
But if you're seriously going to encourage her, start with biology. What germs are, what different blood cells do, little by little how the body works. If she isn't interested in that, you'll have a better grip on why being a doctor appeals to her, and can help her in more targeted ways. |
37,724 | I have a 5-year-old daughter. She has expressed a desire to be a Medical Doctor several times. Are there games, books, something on TV she can watch that will ground this idea or give her more perspective? I know she is 5, but she can at least learn more about medical profession if nothing else. | 2019/08/26 | [
"https://parenting.stackexchange.com/questions/37724",
"https://parenting.stackexchange.com",
"https://parenting.stackexchange.com/users/36218/"
] | You've said it yourself: She's five. At this stage in her life, it's pretty much pointless to try and ground her in a specific profession. IMO, you should instead focus on exposing her to a wide variety of activities. Yes, foster interests she has, but don't take any one thing she's interested in too seriously.
That said, of course there are games and books you can get her. You could get her a play doctor's kit, or make an ad-hoc one (see for example <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eGoObtjXD28>). If she actually uses her doctor's kit to play doctor with another child, react in a measured and calm way when the play involves nakedness and/or genitals.
Show her how to treat small injuries, such as scrapes from falling down; let her have some band-aids etc to practice and play with. Explain to her what vaccines are for when her next vaccination shot comes up.
As to books, get her something that gets her in touch with her own body (google for "my body children's book" to find a ton of suggestions, and take it from there).
All this isn't geared to fostering a lasting interest in becoming a doctor, but rather at getting her to understand the basics of how her body works and what different parts are for, how to take care of herself etc.
Your daughter might also be interested in doctors because they help other people and she'd like to do that too (kinda like some kids want to become a policeman or private investigator). So besides focusing on books, games and movies with doctors, you might also try to find stories with protagonists who help others, or animals.
I'd be wary of films involving doctors, because many of them are a) depicting clear role distributions with male doctors and female nurses, especially if they're a bit dated, and b) deal either with love interests between said persons, or with ethical issues, both of which are above your daughter's head right now, and c) they never show how exhausting being a doctor (especially in a hospital) is in real life. | Interesting!
My son wanted to be a
* Policeman
* Firefighter
* Doctor
* Dentist
* Vet
* Detective
* Actor
* Farmer
* Pilot
* Train driver
* Truck driver
* Chef
* Paleontologist
* Musician
* Magician
* Exterminator
* President
* Programmer like me
* ... and any other job you can think of, all before he was 5.
He expressed a serious interest in every single one.
I tried to teach him about a couple of them but he lost interest after 2 minutes.
Something you'll learn about kid psychology is that they'll express a keen interest in anything, at the moment - whether it's their future career ambitions - or a jigsaw puzzle they just solved.
Sure, it's good to embrace it - try and teach them! But it's also VERY important to expect or realize that they'll forget about it completely in a week's time, and pick up on the next fad.
If you want to steer them in one direction towards being a doctor, for whatever reason, then just give them only doctor-related toys - fake stethoscopes and that kind of thing, and take away other toys. Then give them a bunch of doctor-related picture books, and take away all other picture books. Try this for a few years and see if they take a liking towards being a doctor.
They might like it, or, you might have just limited their knowledge and curiosity of the world when it is most important in life. Think about it. |
1,004,948 | I've been reading the Professional ASP.NET MVC 1.0 book as well as reading other sources talking about using ViewModel instead of ViewData from within your controllers to Views. But then I see so many examples of ViewData being used in scenarios that are tough where there's no other way but to get something from ViewData. But then I read a book like Pro ASP.NET MVC Framework and all he talks about is only ViewData, nothing about ViewModel. So is ViewModel a very new concept or what?
I see that ViewModel is a much better approach but is it a solid alternative? I mean ViewData is so readily available to you in **other** things such as the HtmlHelper object where ViewModel is not. Or for example using it in a custom control (<http://www.codeproject.com/KB/custom-controls/MVCCustomControls.aspx>). So do I use a combo of both depending on different goals or what? What if I want to access the ViewModel in my Extension method for whatever reason? I'm lost here as to what path to take. I know that ViewData is not strongly typed but that you can set your view to specify the type and therefore make your ViewData typed but I just wonder. There is so much support for ViewData but I know ViewModel is a much more abstract and separated way to go as well as it being typed. I just don't want to cut myself short in scenarios where I will need to grab certain data such as the ViewData that is readily accessible from other objects such as the HtmlHelper class.
Thoughts? Standards? Experiences? Am I off a bit or do you just use a combo and still use ViewData in other circumstances than just sending data from your Controller to your View or what?
And If you're not using ViewData at all and instead using ViewModel with your controllers, it seems like an all or nothing in that you are using ViewModel and therefore ViewData has no purpose since you have not set it in with anything from your controllers so it has no use at that point?? Am I confusing anyone or way off here? Confusing the hell out of myself that's for sure. | 2009/06/17 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1004948",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/93468/"
] | Well, ViewData is a pretty quick to implement method. However, there you're doing a lot of string literal passing which is usually not a good thing. You could solve that by using some string constants, which is what I do with Session variables, but I think here a ViewModel is a much better approach. Any time you can use ViewData, you could also use a ViewModel. The ViewModel doesn't have to be just your domain object; it could be a helper class that has not only a domain object but some extra properties specific to your view; that's why it's there. So with the ViewModel, you have the compiler helping you and clearly from an OO perspective, it is far cleaner than just passing in keys to a dictionary.
I think MVC here offers a good approach. It offers and quick and dirty (not necessarily a bad thing) for those who need to "just get it done" and a cleaner approach, both of which are quite easy to use.
If you haven't read Scott Gurthie's ASP.NET MVC Tutorial; I highly recommend it:
<http://weblogs.asp.net/scottgu/archive/2009/04/28/free-asp-net-mvc-nerddinner-tutorial-now-in-html.aspx> | Now view models are considered as useful programming pattern. Read this article by Stephen Walther, for example: [ASP.NET MVC Tip #50 – Create View Models](http://stephenwalther.com/blog/archive/2009/04/13/asp.net-mvc-tip-50-ndash-create-view-models.aspx) |
88,643 | After google searching about this idea and yielding very little in results I've come to resort to stack exchange:
1. Is it possible to place a private key on a sim card?
2. Is it possible for a smart phone app on Android to use the private key for cryptography? What about iOS? What about Windows based phones?
3. If (1) and (2) are feasible, why isn't this capability more prevalent in the Android/iOS/Windows?
It would seem that if (1) and (2) were feasible, then it would make so much sense to utilize the capability, and essentially enact cell phone carriers as certificate authorities (CA) (or agencies of CAs). | 2015/05/05 | [
"https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/88643",
"https://security.stackexchange.com",
"https://security.stackexchange.com/users/76120/"
] | In answer to (3)- It was not until recently that API's to do this were readily available without having some significant resources behind you.
Here is a guide to doing what you describe in (1) and (2). <http://nelenkov.blogspot.com/2013/09/using-sim-card-as-secure-element.html>
There are some applications doing this- the article comments say a bitcoin app is doing exactly as you describe. | I would not recommend trusting anything controlled by the carrier to hold private keys. The cards can be updated remotely using a simple SMS, and the security of that is dubious.
Not to mention, corner-cutting and legacy insecure systems are commonplace at mobile carriers, so I would not be surprised that whatever system is used to send updates to the SIM cards was already compromised, and could be used to deliver an update that would secretly exfiltrate your "private" key. |
4,617,133 | I am using MSBuild for building our test project from command prompt which inturn uses nunit and gives the results. I want to schedule it nightly so that it automatically runs the msbuild and get the results. Is there any way I can do that? | 2011/01/06 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/4617133",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/538115/"
] | I would recommend using a [Continuous integration](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_integration) server for this. You can set up your continuous integration server to schedule builds and a number of other tasks. Personally, I use [Team City](http://www.jetbrains.com/teamcity/) from Jetbrains, but there are other options available, such as [Cruise Control.net](http://confluence.public.thoughtworks.org/display/CCNET/Welcome+to+CruiseControl.NET) and [Hudson](http://hudson-ci.org/).
What exactly do you want to do with the results? If you just need to run your build script, a simple scheduled task should do it. | The way my company solved the problem was to use Powershell. We have a scheduled task that executes a powershell script that completely automates the process using MSBuild and devenv.exe.
We've been able to do away with the expense of many other continuous integration tools with this process. We have even connected it to our svn server so that it can checkout the latest revision, build it, send out an email if there was a build error and send the output of the screen as a result log.
I realize this might not be simple answer you're looking for, but Powershell was really easy for me to learn, exceedingly customizable, and very powerful. I had doubts when my Director said we were moving this way, but it's been a delight. |
49,515 | OK, so I'm trying to complete the following analogy:
>
> John ate the worms.
>
>
>
is to
>
> The worms were eaten.
>
>
>
as
>
> John tried to eat the worms.
>
>
>
is to
>
> The worms were tried to be eaten.
>
>
>
or
>
> The worms were eaten attemptively.
>
>
>
... ? I feel like such an inarticulate fool sometimes.
**Edit**: I'm not asking which of the two possibilities is better, but how I might complete the analogy, preferably with "the worms" as the subject. This is so that I can write something like
>
> The worms were stolen, taken to John's house, and [tried to be eaten].
>
>
>
Sorry if my question wasn't clear. | 2011/11/24 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/49515",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/14797/"
] | Both of those choices are bad, but if given only them as choices for completing the analogy, choose the second, because although it is clumsy, it is correct, in grammar if not quite in sense. The grammar of the other choice is in error.
However, phrasing like "An attempt was made to eat the worms" should be used if the question is open-ended.
**Edit:** Regarding the added question about how to (1) complete the analogy, with (2) worms as subject, to support writing "The worms were stolen, taken to John's house, and [tried to be eaten]": Aims 1 and 2 are at odds, as explained clearly and well in answers by Ben and by C Stewart, and noted in other answers and comments. That is, the analogy cannot
be completed while meeting all your criteria.
Nevertheless, for your sentence consider "The worms were stolen, taken to John's house, and were the object of an attempt to eat them". | *[**tl;dr** Your difficulty is quite natural. You set yourself a problem that doesn't have a good solution.]*
The schema that takes
>
> (1) John ate the worms.
>
>
>
to
>
> (2) The worms were eaten.
>
>
>
is one that transforms
* the sentence (1) in the active voice with the agentive verb "to eat" connecting the agent
into
* the passive voice sentence (2), where the main verb is an auxiliary ([the stative verb](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stative_verb) to be), the former agent vanishes, and the former patient becomes the subject.
By the way, note also that the passive form need not conceal the agent:
>
> (3) The worms were eaten by John.
>
>
>
This scheme cannot be made to work with
>
> (4) John tried to eat the worms.
>
>
>
because (4) has no agentive verb connecting John with the worms. Instead "tried" is [a catenative verb](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catenative_verb), and "to eat" is an infinitive that has no subject. Neither verb is in the active voice, which exists only with agentive verbs.
Hence there is no analogous conversion of this sentence to the passive.
At this point, you have to ask yourself what you really want. There seem to be many examples that give you some of the properties
1. A passive construction with the worms as subject
2. Concealment of John's agency
3. Something that keeps to try and to eat as its verbs, and may only introduces auxiliaries like "were"
but I think you can't have 1&3 together because of constraints on the ways you can use "to try". For example:
* 1&2, Lynn's example: *The worms were nearly eaten.* But "nearly" isn't "tried", so it's not clear it means quite the same thing.
* 2&3: *Someone tried to eat the worms.* It doesn't try to be passive.
To see the difficulty with the third, spot the two ways in which this fails to satisfy the third property:
* 1&?: The worms were subjected to John's try at eating
### Notes
I've tried to link to definitions of the least widely known grammatical terms, but weirdly I found no good link for agentive verb. These are verbs where there is an actor and optionally a patient, that is, they are the action verbs that show someone or something doing something. |
49,515 | OK, so I'm trying to complete the following analogy:
>
> John ate the worms.
>
>
>
is to
>
> The worms were eaten.
>
>
>
as
>
> John tried to eat the worms.
>
>
>
is to
>
> The worms were tried to be eaten.
>
>
>
or
>
> The worms were eaten attemptively.
>
>
>
... ? I feel like such an inarticulate fool sometimes.
**Edit**: I'm not asking which of the two possibilities is better, but how I might complete the analogy, preferably with "the worms" as the subject. This is so that I can write something like
>
> The worms were stolen, taken to John's house, and [tried to be eaten].
>
>
>
Sorry if my question wasn't clear. | 2011/11/24 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/49515",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/14797/"
] | How about:
>
> The worms were stolen, taken to John's house, and an attempt to eat them was made
>
>
> | Assuming that the initiator of the action is still John. I'd say the following:
John tried to *have the worms eaten.* |
49,515 | OK, so I'm trying to complete the following analogy:
>
> John ate the worms.
>
>
>
is to
>
> The worms were eaten.
>
>
>
as
>
> John tried to eat the worms.
>
>
>
is to
>
> The worms were tried to be eaten.
>
>
>
or
>
> The worms were eaten attemptively.
>
>
>
... ? I feel like such an inarticulate fool sometimes.
**Edit**: I'm not asking which of the two possibilities is better, but how I might complete the analogy, preferably with "the worms" as the subject. This is so that I can write something like
>
> The worms were stolen, taken to John's house, and [tried to be eaten].
>
>
>
Sorry if my question wasn't clear. | 2011/11/24 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/49515",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/14797/"
] | >
> The worms were stolen, taken to John's house, and subjected to an attempted ingestion.
>
>
>
or if you want to keep the verb "eat",
>
> The worms were stolen, taken to John's house, and subjected to an attempt at eating them.
>
>
> | "The worms were stolen and taken to John's house. There, an unsuccessful attempt was made to eat them." |
49,515 | OK, so I'm trying to complete the following analogy:
>
> John ate the worms.
>
>
>
is to
>
> The worms were eaten.
>
>
>
as
>
> John tried to eat the worms.
>
>
>
is to
>
> The worms were tried to be eaten.
>
>
>
or
>
> The worms were eaten attemptively.
>
>
>
... ? I feel like such an inarticulate fool sometimes.
**Edit**: I'm not asking which of the two possibilities is better, but how I might complete the analogy, preferably with "the worms" as the subject. This is so that I can write something like
>
> The worms were stolen, taken to John's house, and [tried to be eaten].
>
>
>
Sorry if my question wasn't clear. | 2011/11/24 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/49515",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/14797/"
] | Both of those choices are bad, but if given only them as choices for completing the analogy, choose the second, because although it is clumsy, it is correct, in grammar if not quite in sense. The grammar of the other choice is in error.
However, phrasing like "An attempt was made to eat the worms" should be used if the question is open-ended.
**Edit:** Regarding the added question about how to (1) complete the analogy, with (2) worms as subject, to support writing "The worms were stolen, taken to John's house, and [tried to be eaten]": Aims 1 and 2 are at odds, as explained clearly and well in answers by Ben and by C Stewart, and noted in other answers and comments. That is, the analogy cannot
be completed while meeting all your criteria.
Nevertheless, for your sentence consider "The worms were stolen, taken to John's house, and were the object of an attempt to eat them". | Perhaps:
>
> The worms were attempted to be eaten.
>
>
>
A little less awkward than 'tried'? |
49,515 | OK, so I'm trying to complete the following analogy:
>
> John ate the worms.
>
>
>
is to
>
> The worms were eaten.
>
>
>
as
>
> John tried to eat the worms.
>
>
>
is to
>
> The worms were tried to be eaten.
>
>
>
or
>
> The worms were eaten attemptively.
>
>
>
... ? I feel like such an inarticulate fool sometimes.
**Edit**: I'm not asking which of the two possibilities is better, but how I might complete the analogy, preferably with "the worms" as the subject. This is so that I can write something like
>
> The worms were stolen, taken to John's house, and [tried to be eaten].
>
>
>
Sorry if my question wasn't clear. | 2011/11/24 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/49515",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/14797/"
] | I would go with:
>
> The worms were stolen, taken to John's house and very nearly eaten.
>
>
>
Alternatively,
>
> The worms were stolen, taken to John's house and almost successfully eaten.
>
>
>
I don't see any good way to get around implying the attempt, rather than stating it. | Assuming that the initiator of the action is still John. I'd say the following:
John tried to *have the worms eaten.* |
49,515 | OK, so I'm trying to complete the following analogy:
>
> John ate the worms.
>
>
>
is to
>
> The worms were eaten.
>
>
>
as
>
> John tried to eat the worms.
>
>
>
is to
>
> The worms were tried to be eaten.
>
>
>
or
>
> The worms were eaten attemptively.
>
>
>
... ? I feel like such an inarticulate fool sometimes.
**Edit**: I'm not asking which of the two possibilities is better, but how I might complete the analogy, preferably with "the worms" as the subject. This is so that I can write something like
>
> The worms were stolen, taken to John's house, and [tried to be eaten].
>
>
>
Sorry if my question wasn't clear. | 2011/11/24 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/49515",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/14797/"
] | How about...
The worms were unsuccessfully eaten.
The worms were abortively eaten.
But my vote would be...
* The worms were left uneaten. | "The worms were stolen and taken to John's house. There, an unsuccessful attempt was made to eat them." |
49,515 | OK, so I'm trying to complete the following analogy:
>
> John ate the worms.
>
>
>
is to
>
> The worms were eaten.
>
>
>
as
>
> John tried to eat the worms.
>
>
>
is to
>
> The worms were tried to be eaten.
>
>
>
or
>
> The worms were eaten attemptively.
>
>
>
... ? I feel like such an inarticulate fool sometimes.
**Edit**: I'm not asking which of the two possibilities is better, but how I might complete the analogy, preferably with "the worms" as the subject. This is so that I can write something like
>
> The worms were stolen, taken to John's house, and [tried to be eaten].
>
>
>
Sorry if my question wasn't clear. | 2011/11/24 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/49515",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/14797/"
] | How about:
>
> The worms were stolen, taken to John's house, and an attempt to eat them was made
>
>
> | John is the subject, and the action "eating of the worms" is the object (*not* the worms themselves!).
So:
>
> Eating the worms was tried by John.
>
>
>
Or, more expressively:
>
> Eating of the worms was attempted by John.
>
>
>
I can't imagine ever actually saying it, though! |
49,515 | OK, so I'm trying to complete the following analogy:
>
> John ate the worms.
>
>
>
is to
>
> The worms were eaten.
>
>
>
as
>
> John tried to eat the worms.
>
>
>
is to
>
> The worms were tried to be eaten.
>
>
>
or
>
> The worms were eaten attemptively.
>
>
>
... ? I feel like such an inarticulate fool sometimes.
**Edit**: I'm not asking which of the two possibilities is better, but how I might complete the analogy, preferably with "the worms" as the subject. This is so that I can write something like
>
> The worms were stolen, taken to John's house, and [tried to be eaten].
>
>
>
Sorry if my question wasn't clear. | 2011/11/24 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/49515",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/14797/"
] | >
> John ate the worms.
>
>
>
becomes:
>
> The worms were eaten.
>
>
>
Because "the worms" is the **object** of the first sentence. "The worms" becomes the subject of the new passive-voice sentence.
>
> John tried to eat the worms.
>
>
>
Here "the worms" are **not** the object of the sentence, so they can't become the subject in a straightforward transformation to passive voice. The object is the phrase "to eat the worms". Notice that you can easily form a (slightly odd) passive voice sentence with this whole phrase as the new subject:
>
> To eat the worms was tried.
>
>
>
This is the source of the difficulty you're having. The sentence you're trying to complete:
>
> The worms were stolen, taken to John's house, and [tried to be eaten].
>
>
>
already has "the worms" as a subject, which doesn't fit. So you'll need to reword it. For a minimal-change reword as a grammar exercise, maybe:
>
> The worms were stolen, taken to John's house, and **eating them was tried**.
>
>
> | I don't think *attemptedly* is a real word, but it *sounds* like one, and I think most people would understand the meaning of:
>
> The worms were stolen, taken to John's house, and attemptedly eaten.
>
>
>
Or if you want to be sure you're using real words:
>
> The worms were stolen, taken to John's house, and eating them was attempted.
>
>
> |
49,515 | OK, so I'm trying to complete the following analogy:
>
> John ate the worms.
>
>
>
is to
>
> The worms were eaten.
>
>
>
as
>
> John tried to eat the worms.
>
>
>
is to
>
> The worms were tried to be eaten.
>
>
>
or
>
> The worms were eaten attemptively.
>
>
>
... ? I feel like such an inarticulate fool sometimes.
**Edit**: I'm not asking which of the two possibilities is better, but how I might complete the analogy, preferably with "the worms" as the subject. This is so that I can write something like
>
> The worms were stolen, taken to John's house, and [tried to be eaten].
>
>
>
Sorry if my question wasn't clear. | 2011/11/24 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/49515",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/14797/"
] | Both of those choices are bad, but if given only them as choices for completing the analogy, choose the second, because although it is clumsy, it is correct, in grammar if not quite in sense. The grammar of the other choice is in error.
However, phrasing like "An attempt was made to eat the worms" should be used if the question is open-ended.
**Edit:** Regarding the added question about how to (1) complete the analogy, with (2) worms as subject, to support writing "The worms were stolen, taken to John's house, and [tried to be eaten]": Aims 1 and 2 are at odds, as explained clearly and well in answers by Ben and by C Stewart, and noted in other answers and comments. That is, the analogy cannot
be completed while meeting all your criteria.
Nevertheless, for your sentence consider "The worms were stolen, taken to John's house, and were the object of an attempt to eat them". | I would go with:
>
> The worms were stolen, taken to John's house and very nearly eaten.
>
>
>
Alternatively,
>
> The worms were stolen, taken to John's house and almost successfully eaten.
>
>
>
I don't see any good way to get around implying the attempt, rather than stating it. |
49,515 | OK, so I'm trying to complete the following analogy:
>
> John ate the worms.
>
>
>
is to
>
> The worms were eaten.
>
>
>
as
>
> John tried to eat the worms.
>
>
>
is to
>
> The worms were tried to be eaten.
>
>
>
or
>
> The worms were eaten attemptively.
>
>
>
... ? I feel like such an inarticulate fool sometimes.
**Edit**: I'm not asking which of the two possibilities is better, but how I might complete the analogy, preferably with "the worms" as the subject. This is so that I can write something like
>
> The worms were stolen, taken to John's house, and [tried to be eaten].
>
>
>
Sorry if my question wasn't clear. | 2011/11/24 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/49515",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/14797/"
] | *[**tl;dr** Your difficulty is quite natural. You set yourself a problem that doesn't have a good solution.]*
The schema that takes
>
> (1) John ate the worms.
>
>
>
to
>
> (2) The worms were eaten.
>
>
>
is one that transforms
* the sentence (1) in the active voice with the agentive verb "to eat" connecting the agent
into
* the passive voice sentence (2), where the main verb is an auxiliary ([the stative verb](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stative_verb) to be), the former agent vanishes, and the former patient becomes the subject.
By the way, note also that the passive form need not conceal the agent:
>
> (3) The worms were eaten by John.
>
>
>
This scheme cannot be made to work with
>
> (4) John tried to eat the worms.
>
>
>
because (4) has no agentive verb connecting John with the worms. Instead "tried" is [a catenative verb](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catenative_verb), and "to eat" is an infinitive that has no subject. Neither verb is in the active voice, which exists only with agentive verbs.
Hence there is no analogous conversion of this sentence to the passive.
At this point, you have to ask yourself what you really want. There seem to be many examples that give you some of the properties
1. A passive construction with the worms as subject
2. Concealment of John's agency
3. Something that keeps to try and to eat as its verbs, and may only introduces auxiliaries like "were"
but I think you can't have 1&3 together because of constraints on the ways you can use "to try". For example:
* 1&2, Lynn's example: *The worms were nearly eaten.* But "nearly" isn't "tried", so it's not clear it means quite the same thing.
* 2&3: *Someone tried to eat the worms.* It doesn't try to be passive.
To see the difficulty with the third, spot the two ways in which this fails to satisfy the third property:
* 1&?: The worms were subjected to John's try at eating
### Notes
I've tried to link to definitions of the least widely known grammatical terms, but weirdly I found no good link for agentive verb. These are verbs where there is an actor and optionally a patient, that is, they are the action verbs that show someone or something doing something. | "The worms were stolen and taken to John's house. There, an unsuccessful attempt was made to eat them." |
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