qid int64 1 74.7M | question stringlengths 12 33.8k | date stringlengths 10 10 | metadata list | response_j stringlengths 0 115k | response_k stringlengths 2 98.3k |
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1,331 | Following this: <https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1066411/good-eclipse-rcp-tutorial>
It seems to me that there has to be a way to more easily allow people to share things like this. Sure, Digg and Reddit exist for this kind of thing, too, but there has to be some way to leverage Stack Overflow as a link-sharing community, especially since (IMO) it totally beats the other social bookmarking sites when it comes to comments. | 2009/06/30 | [
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/1331",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/users/572/"
] | The best way to let them know is to close the question down as "Not a real question" and let them learn from their mistake. Sometimes the best way to learn to not touch a hot stove is to get burned. | Lead by example.
Just edit their question to match a 'jeopardy' format.
See my edits as an example:
>
> <https://stackoverflow.com/revisions/1066411/list>
>
>
> |
152,446 | >
> **Possible Duplicate:**
>
> [What does X denotes in ASPX, DOCX, XLSX, PPTX etc?](https://superuser.com/questions/104382/what-does-x-denotes-in-aspx-docx-xlsx-pptx-etc)
>
>
>
It's one of those things you just take for granted until one day someone asks you and you realize you can't answer it. Much like for years I never questioned the use of [1033 directories](https://devblogs.microsoft.com/oldnewthing/20040609-00/?p=38963) in Microsoft products for years until one day, someone asked me about it.
Around the release of .NET and Office 2007, Microsoft added an x to basically all of their extensions and I frankly took it as representing XML, but that simply doesn't make sense with .aspx.
So, I realize this is a very non technical question, but now that the question has been asked of me and my googling hasn't given me an answer, can anyone tell me with authority what the X represents? Is it e**x**tended? **X**ml? Or is there no meaning behind it? | 2010/06/14 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/152446",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/40010/"
] | Here [you go](https://superuser.com/questions/104382/what-does-x-denotes-in-aspx-docx-xlsx-pptx-etc/104384#104384). | It is because of XML format used inside those files.
some explanation:
<http://www.word-tips.com/docx.html> |
152,446 | >
> **Possible Duplicate:**
>
> [What does X denotes in ASPX, DOCX, XLSX, PPTX etc?](https://superuser.com/questions/104382/what-does-x-denotes-in-aspx-docx-xlsx-pptx-etc)
>
>
>
It's one of those things you just take for granted until one day someone asks you and you realize you can't answer it. Much like for years I never questioned the use of [1033 directories](https://devblogs.microsoft.com/oldnewthing/20040609-00/?p=38963) in Microsoft products for years until one day, someone asked me about it.
Around the release of .NET and Office 2007, Microsoft added an x to basically all of their extensions and I frankly took it as representing XML, but that simply doesn't make sense with .aspx.
So, I realize this is a very non technical question, but now that the question has been asked of me and my googling hasn't given me an answer, can anyone tell me with authority what the X represents? Is it e**x**tended? **X**ml? Or is there no meaning behind it? | 2010/06/14 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/152446",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/40010/"
] | Here [you go](https://superuser.com/questions/104382/what-does-x-denotes-in-aspx-docx-xlsx-pptx-etc/104384#104384). | IIRC the successor of (classic) ASP was first called ASP+, before it was released as ASP.NET. So maybe this is where the X in ASPX comes from (a + rotated by 45 degrees).
For the office documents, it's probably because the files are XML based. |
152,446 | >
> **Possible Duplicate:**
>
> [What does X denotes in ASPX, DOCX, XLSX, PPTX etc?](https://superuser.com/questions/104382/what-does-x-denotes-in-aspx-docx-xlsx-pptx-etc)
>
>
>
It's one of those things you just take for granted until one day someone asks you and you realize you can't answer it. Much like for years I never questioned the use of [1033 directories](https://devblogs.microsoft.com/oldnewthing/20040609-00/?p=38963) in Microsoft products for years until one day, someone asked me about it.
Around the release of .NET and Office 2007, Microsoft added an x to basically all of their extensions and I frankly took it as representing XML, but that simply doesn't make sense with .aspx.
So, I realize this is a very non technical question, but now that the question has been asked of me and my googling hasn't given me an answer, can anyone tell me with authority what the X represents? Is it e**x**tended? **X**ml? Or is there no meaning behind it? | 2010/06/14 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/152446",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/40010/"
] | Here [you go](https://superuser.com/questions/104382/what-does-x-denotes-in-aspx-docx-xlsx-pptx-etc/104384#104384). | microsoft converted there original .doc which is a document and .xls (I belive it stands or extendable ledger sheet) to docx which is document + xml (which stands for extendable markup language) and .xlsx which again is a xml based spread sheet |
11,335 | This is obviously a very basic question:
Does the interest rate change on a given US Treasury Bond as the market rate changes?
For example: Let's say I buy a T-bill today, and the rate on the bill is 2%. Then, a year later, if the going rate is, say, 1%, will the T-Bill I bought last year still be at 2%, or will it have changed, and now pay only 1%?
Or, put another way: Is my investment guaranteed when I buy T-Bill, or does is the rate of return on my investment subject to market changes? | 2011/09/30 | [
"https://money.stackexchange.com/questions/11335",
"https://money.stackexchange.com",
"https://money.stackexchange.com/users/4885/"
] | According to Wikipedia, [Treasury bills](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Treasury_security#Treasury_bill) mature in 1 year or less to a fixed face value:
>
> **Treasury bills** (or **T-Bills**) mature in one year or less.
>
>
> Regular weekly T-Bills are commonly issued with maturity dates of 28 days (or 4 weeks, about a month), 91 days (or 13 weeks, about 3 months), 182 days (or 26 weeks, about 6 months), and 364 days (or 52 weeks, about 1 year). Treasury bills are sold by single-price auctions held weekly.
>
>
>
The T-bills (as Wikipedia says, like [zero-coupon bonds](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-coupon_bond)) are actually sold at a discount to their face value and mature to their face value. They do not return any interest before the date of maturity. Because the amount earned is fixed at purchase, "return" is a more accurate term than "rate" when referring to a specific T-bill.
The "rate" is the difference between this return and the discount value you purchased it at.
**So, yes, your rate of return is guaranteed.**
T-notes (1-10 year) and T-bonds (20-30 year) also have an interest rate guaranteed, but have [coupon payments](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coupon_%28bond%29) (usually every 6 months), paying out a fixed amount of interest on the principal. (See more info on the [same Wikipedia page](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Treasury_security#Pricing_.26_Quotation).)
Because those bonds are not compounding the interest it pays out, but instead paying out every 6 months, you'd have to purchase new securities to create a compound return, changing your rate of return over time slightly as the rates for new treasury securities changes. | When you buy a bond - you're giving a loan to the issuer. The interest rate on the bond is the interest rate on the loan.
Usually (and this is also the case with the treasury bonds), the rate is fixed for the term of the loan. Thus, if the market rate for similar loans a year later is higher, the rate for the loan you gave - remains the same. |
11,335 | This is obviously a very basic question:
Does the interest rate change on a given US Treasury Bond as the market rate changes?
For example: Let's say I buy a T-bill today, and the rate on the bill is 2%. Then, a year later, if the going rate is, say, 1%, will the T-Bill I bought last year still be at 2%, or will it have changed, and now pay only 1%?
Or, put another way: Is my investment guaranteed when I buy T-Bill, or does is the rate of return on my investment subject to market changes? | 2011/09/30 | [
"https://money.stackexchange.com/questions/11335",
"https://money.stackexchange.com",
"https://money.stackexchange.com/users/4885/"
] | According to Wikipedia, [Treasury bills](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Treasury_security#Treasury_bill) mature in 1 year or less to a fixed face value:
>
> **Treasury bills** (or **T-Bills**) mature in one year or less.
>
>
> Regular weekly T-Bills are commonly issued with maturity dates of 28 days (or 4 weeks, about a month), 91 days (or 13 weeks, about 3 months), 182 days (or 26 weeks, about 6 months), and 364 days (or 52 weeks, about 1 year). Treasury bills are sold by single-price auctions held weekly.
>
>
>
The T-bills (as Wikipedia says, like [zero-coupon bonds](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-coupon_bond)) are actually sold at a discount to their face value and mature to their face value. They do not return any interest before the date of maturity. Because the amount earned is fixed at purchase, "return" is a more accurate term than "rate" when referring to a specific T-bill.
The "rate" is the difference between this return and the discount value you purchased it at.
**So, yes, your rate of return is guaranteed.**
T-notes (1-10 year) and T-bonds (20-30 year) also have an interest rate guaranteed, but have [coupon payments](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coupon_%28bond%29) (usually every 6 months), paying out a fixed amount of interest on the principal. (See more info on the [same Wikipedia page](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Treasury_security#Pricing_.26_Quotation).)
Because those bonds are not compounding the interest it pays out, but instead paying out every 6 months, you'd have to purchase new securities to create a compound return, changing your rate of return over time slightly as the rates for new treasury securities changes. | The rate of the bond is fixed. But there is a risk known as "interest rate risk". Basically, if you have a 2 percent bond and market rates are 4 percent, you'll have to offer your bond at a discount or nobody would buy it.
So if you ever needed to sell it, you'd lose a bit of money. |
11,335 | This is obviously a very basic question:
Does the interest rate change on a given US Treasury Bond as the market rate changes?
For example: Let's say I buy a T-bill today, and the rate on the bill is 2%. Then, a year later, if the going rate is, say, 1%, will the T-Bill I bought last year still be at 2%, or will it have changed, and now pay only 1%?
Or, put another way: Is my investment guaranteed when I buy T-Bill, or does is the rate of return on my investment subject to market changes? | 2011/09/30 | [
"https://money.stackexchange.com/questions/11335",
"https://money.stackexchange.com",
"https://money.stackexchange.com/users/4885/"
] | According to Wikipedia, [Treasury bills](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Treasury_security#Treasury_bill) mature in 1 year or less to a fixed face value:
>
> **Treasury bills** (or **T-Bills**) mature in one year or less.
>
>
> Regular weekly T-Bills are commonly issued with maturity dates of 28 days (or 4 weeks, about a month), 91 days (or 13 weeks, about 3 months), 182 days (or 26 weeks, about 6 months), and 364 days (or 52 weeks, about 1 year). Treasury bills are sold by single-price auctions held weekly.
>
>
>
The T-bills (as Wikipedia says, like [zero-coupon bonds](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-coupon_bond)) are actually sold at a discount to their face value and mature to their face value. They do not return any interest before the date of maturity. Because the amount earned is fixed at purchase, "return" is a more accurate term than "rate" when referring to a specific T-bill.
The "rate" is the difference between this return and the discount value you purchased it at.
**So, yes, your rate of return is guaranteed.**
T-notes (1-10 year) and T-bonds (20-30 year) also have an interest rate guaranteed, but have [coupon payments](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coupon_%28bond%29) (usually every 6 months), paying out a fixed amount of interest on the principal. (See more info on the [same Wikipedia page](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Treasury_security#Pricing_.26_Quotation).)
Because those bonds are not compounding the interest it pays out, but instead paying out every 6 months, you'd have to purchase new securities to create a compound return, changing your rate of return over time slightly as the rates for new treasury securities changes. | Yes, the interest rate on a Treasury does change as market rates change, through changes in the price. But once you purchase the instrument, the rate you get is locked in.
The cashflows on a treasury are fixed. So if the market rate increase, the present value of those future cashflows decreases, so the price of the treasury decreases. If you buy the bond after this happens, you would pay a lower price for the same fixed cashflows, hence you will receive a higher rate.
Note that once you purchase the treasury instrument, your returns are locked in and guaranteed, as others have mentioned.
Also note that you should distinguish between Treasury Bills and Treasury Bonds, which you seem to use interchangeably. Straight from the horse's mouth, <http://www.treasurydirect.gov/indiv/products/products.htm>: Treasury Bills are short term securities with maturity up to a year, Treasury Notes are medium term securities with maturity between 1 and 10 years, and Treasury Bonds are anything over 10 years. |
11,335 | This is obviously a very basic question:
Does the interest rate change on a given US Treasury Bond as the market rate changes?
For example: Let's say I buy a T-bill today, and the rate on the bill is 2%. Then, a year later, if the going rate is, say, 1%, will the T-Bill I bought last year still be at 2%, or will it have changed, and now pay only 1%?
Or, put another way: Is my investment guaranteed when I buy T-Bill, or does is the rate of return on my investment subject to market changes? | 2011/09/30 | [
"https://money.stackexchange.com/questions/11335",
"https://money.stackexchange.com",
"https://money.stackexchange.com/users/4885/"
] | According to Wikipedia, [Treasury bills](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Treasury_security#Treasury_bill) mature in 1 year or less to a fixed face value:
>
> **Treasury bills** (or **T-Bills**) mature in one year or less.
>
>
> Regular weekly T-Bills are commonly issued with maturity dates of 28 days (or 4 weeks, about a month), 91 days (or 13 weeks, about 3 months), 182 days (or 26 weeks, about 6 months), and 364 days (or 52 weeks, about 1 year). Treasury bills are sold by single-price auctions held weekly.
>
>
>
The T-bills (as Wikipedia says, like [zero-coupon bonds](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-coupon_bond)) are actually sold at a discount to their face value and mature to their face value. They do not return any interest before the date of maturity. Because the amount earned is fixed at purchase, "return" is a more accurate term than "rate" when referring to a specific T-bill.
The "rate" is the difference between this return and the discount value you purchased it at.
**So, yes, your rate of return is guaranteed.**
T-notes (1-10 year) and T-bonds (20-30 year) also have an interest rate guaranteed, but have [coupon payments](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coupon_%28bond%29) (usually every 6 months), paying out a fixed amount of interest on the principal. (See more info on the [same Wikipedia page](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Treasury_security#Pricing_.26_Quotation).)
Because those bonds are not compounding the interest it pays out, but instead paying out every 6 months, you'd have to purchase new securities to create a compound return, changing your rate of return over time slightly as the rates for new treasury securities changes. | No, the interest payments you receive do not change.
To help avoid confusion, it is better to call those payments the *coupons* of the bond. Each treasury note or bond is issued with a certain coupon that remains fixed throughout its whole life.
However, as the general level of bank interest rates change maybe because the FED is moving its deposit rate for banks, the *value* of the treasury bond will change. At maturity it will always be worth its face value, but at any time before that its price will depend on the general level of interest rates in the country.
Because of the way a bond is structured, it is usually possible to convert the bond's price into a yield, which is usually a percentage like 3% or sometwhere near the current level of general interest rates.
But don't be confused, this yield is just an alternative way of stating the current price of the treasury bond, and it changes as the prices of the bond changes.
It is not the coupon that is changing, but the yield. |
11,335 | This is obviously a very basic question:
Does the interest rate change on a given US Treasury Bond as the market rate changes?
For example: Let's say I buy a T-bill today, and the rate on the bill is 2%. Then, a year later, if the going rate is, say, 1%, will the T-Bill I bought last year still be at 2%, or will it have changed, and now pay only 1%?
Or, put another way: Is my investment guaranteed when I buy T-Bill, or does is the rate of return on my investment subject to market changes? | 2011/09/30 | [
"https://money.stackexchange.com/questions/11335",
"https://money.stackexchange.com",
"https://money.stackexchange.com/users/4885/"
] | When you buy a bond - you're giving a loan to the issuer. The interest rate on the bond is the interest rate on the loan.
Usually (and this is also the case with the treasury bonds), the rate is fixed for the term of the loan. Thus, if the market rate for similar loans a year later is higher, the rate for the loan you gave - remains the same. | No, the interest payments you receive do not change.
To help avoid confusion, it is better to call those payments the *coupons* of the bond. Each treasury note or bond is issued with a certain coupon that remains fixed throughout its whole life.
However, as the general level of bank interest rates change maybe because the FED is moving its deposit rate for banks, the *value* of the treasury bond will change. At maturity it will always be worth its face value, but at any time before that its price will depend on the general level of interest rates in the country.
Because of the way a bond is structured, it is usually possible to convert the bond's price into a yield, which is usually a percentage like 3% or sometwhere near the current level of general interest rates.
But don't be confused, this yield is just an alternative way of stating the current price of the treasury bond, and it changes as the prices of the bond changes.
It is not the coupon that is changing, but the yield. |
11,335 | This is obviously a very basic question:
Does the interest rate change on a given US Treasury Bond as the market rate changes?
For example: Let's say I buy a T-bill today, and the rate on the bill is 2%. Then, a year later, if the going rate is, say, 1%, will the T-Bill I bought last year still be at 2%, or will it have changed, and now pay only 1%?
Or, put another way: Is my investment guaranteed when I buy T-Bill, or does is the rate of return on my investment subject to market changes? | 2011/09/30 | [
"https://money.stackexchange.com/questions/11335",
"https://money.stackexchange.com",
"https://money.stackexchange.com/users/4885/"
] | The rate of the bond is fixed. But there is a risk known as "interest rate risk". Basically, if you have a 2 percent bond and market rates are 4 percent, you'll have to offer your bond at a discount or nobody would buy it.
So if you ever needed to sell it, you'd lose a bit of money. | No, the interest payments you receive do not change.
To help avoid confusion, it is better to call those payments the *coupons* of the bond. Each treasury note or bond is issued with a certain coupon that remains fixed throughout its whole life.
However, as the general level of bank interest rates change maybe because the FED is moving its deposit rate for banks, the *value* of the treasury bond will change. At maturity it will always be worth its face value, but at any time before that its price will depend on the general level of interest rates in the country.
Because of the way a bond is structured, it is usually possible to convert the bond's price into a yield, which is usually a percentage like 3% or sometwhere near the current level of general interest rates.
But don't be confused, this yield is just an alternative way of stating the current price of the treasury bond, and it changes as the prices of the bond changes.
It is not the coupon that is changing, but the yield. |
11,335 | This is obviously a very basic question:
Does the interest rate change on a given US Treasury Bond as the market rate changes?
For example: Let's say I buy a T-bill today, and the rate on the bill is 2%. Then, a year later, if the going rate is, say, 1%, will the T-Bill I bought last year still be at 2%, or will it have changed, and now pay only 1%?
Or, put another way: Is my investment guaranteed when I buy T-Bill, or does is the rate of return on my investment subject to market changes? | 2011/09/30 | [
"https://money.stackexchange.com/questions/11335",
"https://money.stackexchange.com",
"https://money.stackexchange.com/users/4885/"
] | Yes, the interest rate on a Treasury does change as market rates change, through changes in the price. But once you purchase the instrument, the rate you get is locked in.
The cashflows on a treasury are fixed. So if the market rate increase, the present value of those future cashflows decreases, so the price of the treasury decreases. If you buy the bond after this happens, you would pay a lower price for the same fixed cashflows, hence you will receive a higher rate.
Note that once you purchase the treasury instrument, your returns are locked in and guaranteed, as others have mentioned.
Also note that you should distinguish between Treasury Bills and Treasury Bonds, which you seem to use interchangeably. Straight from the horse's mouth, <http://www.treasurydirect.gov/indiv/products/products.htm>: Treasury Bills are short term securities with maturity up to a year, Treasury Notes are medium term securities with maturity between 1 and 10 years, and Treasury Bonds are anything over 10 years. | No, the interest payments you receive do not change.
To help avoid confusion, it is better to call those payments the *coupons* of the bond. Each treasury note or bond is issued with a certain coupon that remains fixed throughout its whole life.
However, as the general level of bank interest rates change maybe because the FED is moving its deposit rate for banks, the *value* of the treasury bond will change. At maturity it will always be worth its face value, but at any time before that its price will depend on the general level of interest rates in the country.
Because of the way a bond is structured, it is usually possible to convert the bond's price into a yield, which is usually a percentage like 3% or sometwhere near the current level of general interest rates.
But don't be confused, this yield is just an alternative way of stating the current price of the treasury bond, and it changes as the prices of the bond changes.
It is not the coupon that is changing, but the yield. |
177,080 | In many fantasy worlds, giants are as intelligent as human beings and others races that they either avoid stepping on or step on regularly. However, due to the square cube law, giants have a limited size where they can exist; but due to again the square cube law, the larger you are, the harder it is to keep a powerful brain up and running. Thus, my question in:
**How big can a giant get before getting to big to support a complex brain?**
The giants them selves will be confined to the laws of physics, and thus no magic is allowed.
Also, these giants will be confined to the land and be adapted to such an environment (Large feet, stocky build, etc.) So no water buoyancy to help them.
Edit. Due to the need for clarification as to why giants would loose human intelligence as thy get bigger, I will put a brief explanation on the issue of large, bipedal intelligence. The issue, per usual, is the Square Cube Law. I.e, the bigger something gets, its surface area goes up by square but the volume goes up by cube. This leads, to large bipedal any way, a need for increased muscle mass and bone structure. However, that new mass needs support to. This results in a viscous cycle where the organism would eventually get crushed under its own weight. Thus, weight savings need to be made, and for giants, the most likely weight saving measure that s first to go is intelligence. Here is a link for a video that explains it with more detail [here](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dbOSHoa7h3E) | 2020/05/24 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/177080",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/69795/"
] | **Towards an Answer...**
The question of gigantic humanoids has come up in Worldbuilding a couple times in the past, and we do have some data on relative maximums in size for Homo sapiens.
Historically, the [tallest human](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Wadlow) ever was just under nine feet tall; and the [heaviest human](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon_Brower_Minnoch) ever was 1,400 pounds (100 stone). Both men were at least of average intelligence: Brower was married, so must have been intelligent enough to apply for a license & answer during the ceremony; Wadlow graduated high school and entered college with the intention to study law (he would have made one imposing prosecutor!)
Within Worldbuilding, the question of [greatest height](https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/51686/what-would-be-the-tallest-possible-height-for-humanlike-creatures-in-earthlike-c) and [maximum possible dimensions](https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/148861/mega-human-what-are-the-largest-possible-dimensions-of-a-human) for a human have arisen over the years, and I think may be helpful to you. The first query goes into some good detail of scaling and some of the pitfalls a human-like giant would face. The second query gives a rather larger maximum overall size, but also hints that various physiological factors will have to be sorted (heart size, heat transfer, blood pressure, etc). The raw range seems to be somewhere between 8 and 24 feet.
The maximum height for a human-like giant that doesn't suffer from too many physiological issues and health problems seems to be in the nine to ten foot range.
Given Halfthewed's comment about brain size to body mass & intelligence, I think it would be fair to offer the following answer:
**A human-like fantasy giant of 9 to 12 feet in height should possess perfectly normal human-like intelligence. And also: a human-like fantasy giant of 12 to 24 feet in height may very well possess perfectly normal human-like intelligence.** | Like many organs, the vertebrate brain actually evolved *because* of our large size--the larger you are, the more you need a dedicated system to communicate quickly between cells. I don't see any reason being large would make anyone less intelligent. Elephants and whales are both pretty smart animals!
However, because it takes longer for messages to travel the body, the larger you are, the slower your reflexes get, as well as your ability to think, period. If you've ever watched a fly move, you'll notice that its legs move faster than you can see. That's why! |
177,080 | In many fantasy worlds, giants are as intelligent as human beings and others races that they either avoid stepping on or step on regularly. However, due to the square cube law, giants have a limited size where they can exist; but due to again the square cube law, the larger you are, the harder it is to keep a powerful brain up and running. Thus, my question in:
**How big can a giant get before getting to big to support a complex brain?**
The giants them selves will be confined to the laws of physics, and thus no magic is allowed.
Also, these giants will be confined to the land and be adapted to such an environment (Large feet, stocky build, etc.) So no water buoyancy to help them.
Edit. Due to the need for clarification as to why giants would loose human intelligence as thy get bigger, I will put a brief explanation on the issue of large, bipedal intelligence. The issue, per usual, is the Square Cube Law. I.e, the bigger something gets, its surface area goes up by square but the volume goes up by cube. This leads, to large bipedal any way, a need for increased muscle mass and bone structure. However, that new mass needs support to. This results in a viscous cycle where the organism would eventually get crushed under its own weight. Thus, weight savings need to be made, and for giants, the most likely weight saving measure that s first to go is intelligence. Here is a link for a video that explains it with more detail [here](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dbOSHoa7h3E) | 2020/05/24 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/177080",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/69795/"
] | **Towards an Answer...**
The question of gigantic humanoids has come up in Worldbuilding a couple times in the past, and we do have some data on relative maximums in size for Homo sapiens.
Historically, the [tallest human](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Wadlow) ever was just under nine feet tall; and the [heaviest human](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon_Brower_Minnoch) ever was 1,400 pounds (100 stone). Both men were at least of average intelligence: Brower was married, so must have been intelligent enough to apply for a license & answer during the ceremony; Wadlow graduated high school and entered college with the intention to study law (he would have made one imposing prosecutor!)
Within Worldbuilding, the question of [greatest height](https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/51686/what-would-be-the-tallest-possible-height-for-humanlike-creatures-in-earthlike-c) and [maximum possible dimensions](https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/148861/mega-human-what-are-the-largest-possible-dimensions-of-a-human) for a human have arisen over the years, and I think may be helpful to you. The first query goes into some good detail of scaling and some of the pitfalls a human-like giant would face. The second query gives a rather larger maximum overall size, but also hints that various physiological factors will have to be sorted (heart size, heat transfer, blood pressure, etc). The raw range seems to be somewhere between 8 and 24 feet.
The maximum height for a human-like giant that doesn't suffer from too many physiological issues and health problems seems to be in the nine to ten foot range.
Given Halfthewed's comment about brain size to body mass & intelligence, I think it would be fair to offer the following answer:
**A human-like fantasy giant of 9 to 12 feet in height should possess perfectly normal human-like intelligence. And also: a human-like fantasy giant of 12 to 24 feet in height may very well possess perfectly normal human-like intelligence.** | Mammals have grown quite large without intelligence decreasing. When one compares whales to their smaller relatives: porpoise, orca; one doesn't find a marked decrease in intelligence. Whales have a fairly sophisticated vocabulary that is indicative of higher intellectual processes, more complex than most land mammals. And it is in the aquatic mammals that we find the greatest size variance.
Intellectual capability does not necessarily decrease with larger size, at least when comparing large mammals to their smaller close relatives, which provides an intelligence comparison with the least number of extraneous variables.
However, what you may also want to consider is: how large can a hominid get before the body layout cannot support the large size? This is assuming you don't want to alter physics as we know it.
Upright creatures in the 30 foot tall range have existed as dinosaurs: T-Rex and Spinosauras. However, the very large bipedal dinosaurs all had a massive tail to counterbalance the body. As near as we can tell, they didn't walk upright, but in a position we might describe as hunched over. And that large size appears to be so they can take down larger prey - something humans do with intellect rather than size.
In the real world, humans have evolved to their current size, because that's the size that has proven to be optimal for the conditions.
It would be interesting (and realistic) to come up with a very large mammalian creature of the intellect and capability of a human, with a body optimized for the larger size.
And the conditions under which such a size increase would be beneficial. |
177,080 | In many fantasy worlds, giants are as intelligent as human beings and others races that they either avoid stepping on or step on regularly. However, due to the square cube law, giants have a limited size where they can exist; but due to again the square cube law, the larger you are, the harder it is to keep a powerful brain up and running. Thus, my question in:
**How big can a giant get before getting to big to support a complex brain?**
The giants them selves will be confined to the laws of physics, and thus no magic is allowed.
Also, these giants will be confined to the land and be adapted to such an environment (Large feet, stocky build, etc.) So no water buoyancy to help them.
Edit. Due to the need for clarification as to why giants would loose human intelligence as thy get bigger, I will put a brief explanation on the issue of large, bipedal intelligence. The issue, per usual, is the Square Cube Law. I.e, the bigger something gets, its surface area goes up by square but the volume goes up by cube. This leads, to large bipedal any way, a need for increased muscle mass and bone structure. However, that new mass needs support to. This results in a viscous cycle where the organism would eventually get crushed under its own weight. Thus, weight savings need to be made, and for giants, the most likely weight saving measure that s first to go is intelligence. Here is a link for a video that explains it with more detail [here](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dbOSHoa7h3E) | 2020/05/24 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/177080",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/69795/"
] | Actually, the larger the animals, the easier it is for it to have a brain with human level intelligence.
There is a minimum size of brain necessary for human level intelligence.
Nobody knows what that minimum size is.
There are approximately 6,500 known species of mammals at the present.
<https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/02/180206090658.htm>[1](https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/02/180206090658.htm)
The vast majority of them have tiny bodies with less mass than a human brain. The mass of an average human brain is about
>
> The adult human brain weighs on average about 1.5 kg (3.3 lb).
>
>
>
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_size>[2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_size)
And many species of mammals have brains much smaller than that since their entire bodies are not that massive.
But there are hundreds of large mammal species ranging in size from small humans to larger than humans. Mammals species with such large bodies can possibly support large brains. and some mammal species with such large bodies actually do support large brains.
And there are about ninety or a hundred species of mammals, primates, proboscideans, and cetaceans, with brains roughly in the range of human size, and in some cases far larger.
So it is possible than between one and about a hundred species of mammals on this planet are approximately as intelligent as humans and thus count as persons.
Some person claim that the absolute size of the brain doesn't matter as much as the ratio of brain to body size. If an animal has a larger body it may need a larger brain to senses sensations from its larger body and to control its larger body. Thus it is possible that even the largest brained nonhuman mammal does not have a brain sufficiently large for human level intelligence.
Some people might think that the size of brain necessary to control the body would scale with the dimensions of the animal. An animal twice as large would need twice as large a brain to control its body, in addition to the parts of the brain that give intelligence.
Some people might think that the size of brain necessary to control the body would scale with the square of the dimensions of the animal, and thus with the surface area of the body. An animal twice as large would need four times as large a brain to control its body, in addition to the parts of the brain that give intelligence.
Some people might think that the size of brain necessary to control the body would scale with the cube of the dimensions of the animal, and thus with the volume and mass of the body. An animal twice as large would need eight as large a brain to control its body, in addition to the parts of the brain that give intelligence.
Note that having the brain scale linearly requires much less brain than having it scale as the square of dimensions, and having the brain scale with the square of the dimensions requires much less brain than having the brain scale with the cube of the dimensions.
I also note that some body plans are much more complex than others and might need much larger brains to control than others.
>
> Brain-to-body mass ratio, also known as the brain-to-body weight ratio, is the ratio of brain mass to body mass, which is hypothesized to be a rough estimate of the intelligence of an animal, although fairly inaccurate in many cases. A more complex measurement, encephalization quotient, takes into account allometric effects of widely divergent body sizes across several taxa.[1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_size) The raw brain-to-body mass ratio is however simpler to come by, and is still a useful tool for comparing encephalization within species or between fairly closely related species.
>
>
>
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain-to-body_mass_ratio>[3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain-to-body_mass_ratio)
>
> Encephalization quotient (EQ), encephalization level (EL) or just encephalization is a relative brain size measure that is defined as the ratio between observed to predicted brain mass for an animal of a given size, based on nonlinear regression on a range of reference species.[12][13] It has been used as a proxy for intelligence and thus as a possible way of comparing the intelligences of different species. For this purpose it is a more refined measurement than the raw brain-to-body mass ratio, as it takes into account allometric effects. Expressed as a formula, the relationship has been developed for mammals and may not yield relevant results when applied outside this group.[14]
>
>
>
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encephalization_quotient>[4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encephalization_quotient)
>
> Encephalization quotient was developed in an attempt to provide a way of correlating an animal's physical characteristics with perceived intelligence. It improved on the previous attempt, brain-to-body mass ratio, so it has persisted. Subsequent work, notably Roth,[1](https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/02/180206090658.htm) found EQ to be flawed and suggested brain size was a better predictor, but that has problems as well.[unbalanced opinion?]
>
>
> Currently the best predictor for intelligence across all animals is forebrain neuron count.[citation needed] This was not seen earlier because neuron counts were previously inaccurate for most animals. For example, human brain neuron count was given as 100 billion for decades before Herculano-Houzel[15][16] found a more reliable method of counting brain cells.
>
>
> It could have been anticipated that EQ might be superseded because of both the number of exceptions and the growing complexity of the formulae it used. (See the rest of this article.)[unbalanced opinion?] The simplicity of counting neurons has replaced it.[citation needed] The concept in EQ of comparing the brain capacity exceeding that required for body sense and motor activity may yet live on to provide an even better prediction of intelligence, but that work has not been done yet.[citation needed][unbalanced opinion?]
>
>
>
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encephalization_quotient#Perspective_on_intelligence_measures>[5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encephalization_quotient#Perspective_on_intelligence_measures)
Clearly there is still a lot of research to be done to predict how much brain is needed to control a body of specified size, and how much more brain is needed for intelligence.
It seems to me that if a humanoid giant has a body that is ten times as massive as a human body, it might possibly need a brain tens times as massive as a human brain to control its body, and if has a body 100 times as massive as a human body it might possibly need a brain 100 times as massive as a human brain to control its body. But if the extra part of the brain needed for intelligence didn't have to be any larger than the extra part of the brain needed for intelligence in a human sized body, the giants could have total brain mass and energy consumption that was proportionally less than that of a human.
And it is possible that the brain mass needed to control a body actually increases a bit less than with the cube of the body's dimensions, which would mean that your giant's brain size could be a bit smaller compared to its body mass and it could still be intelligent.
So unless some expert in brain size relative to intelligence says that the best current estimates and calculations show a specific upper body size for an intelligent being, I would assume that a giant humanoid could be just as intelligent as a human with a somewhat smaller relative brain size. | Like many organs, the vertebrate brain actually evolved *because* of our large size--the larger you are, the more you need a dedicated system to communicate quickly between cells. I don't see any reason being large would make anyone less intelligent. Elephants and whales are both pretty smart animals!
However, because it takes longer for messages to travel the body, the larger you are, the slower your reflexes get, as well as your ability to think, period. If you've ever watched a fly move, you'll notice that its legs move faster than you can see. That's why! |
177,080 | In many fantasy worlds, giants are as intelligent as human beings and others races that they either avoid stepping on or step on regularly. However, due to the square cube law, giants have a limited size where they can exist; but due to again the square cube law, the larger you are, the harder it is to keep a powerful brain up and running. Thus, my question in:
**How big can a giant get before getting to big to support a complex brain?**
The giants them selves will be confined to the laws of physics, and thus no magic is allowed.
Also, these giants will be confined to the land and be adapted to such an environment (Large feet, stocky build, etc.) So no water buoyancy to help them.
Edit. Due to the need for clarification as to why giants would loose human intelligence as thy get bigger, I will put a brief explanation on the issue of large, bipedal intelligence. The issue, per usual, is the Square Cube Law. I.e, the bigger something gets, its surface area goes up by square but the volume goes up by cube. This leads, to large bipedal any way, a need for increased muscle mass and bone structure. However, that new mass needs support to. This results in a viscous cycle where the organism would eventually get crushed under its own weight. Thus, weight savings need to be made, and for giants, the most likely weight saving measure that s first to go is intelligence. Here is a link for a video that explains it with more detail [here](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dbOSHoa7h3E) | 2020/05/24 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/177080",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/69795/"
] | Actually, the larger the animals, the easier it is for it to have a brain with human level intelligence.
There is a minimum size of brain necessary for human level intelligence.
Nobody knows what that minimum size is.
There are approximately 6,500 known species of mammals at the present.
<https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/02/180206090658.htm>[1](https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/02/180206090658.htm)
The vast majority of them have tiny bodies with less mass than a human brain. The mass of an average human brain is about
>
> The adult human brain weighs on average about 1.5 kg (3.3 lb).
>
>
>
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_size>[2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_size)
And many species of mammals have brains much smaller than that since their entire bodies are not that massive.
But there are hundreds of large mammal species ranging in size from small humans to larger than humans. Mammals species with such large bodies can possibly support large brains. and some mammal species with such large bodies actually do support large brains.
And there are about ninety or a hundred species of mammals, primates, proboscideans, and cetaceans, with brains roughly in the range of human size, and in some cases far larger.
So it is possible than between one and about a hundred species of mammals on this planet are approximately as intelligent as humans and thus count as persons.
Some person claim that the absolute size of the brain doesn't matter as much as the ratio of brain to body size. If an animal has a larger body it may need a larger brain to senses sensations from its larger body and to control its larger body. Thus it is possible that even the largest brained nonhuman mammal does not have a brain sufficiently large for human level intelligence.
Some people might think that the size of brain necessary to control the body would scale with the dimensions of the animal. An animal twice as large would need twice as large a brain to control its body, in addition to the parts of the brain that give intelligence.
Some people might think that the size of brain necessary to control the body would scale with the square of the dimensions of the animal, and thus with the surface area of the body. An animal twice as large would need four times as large a brain to control its body, in addition to the parts of the brain that give intelligence.
Some people might think that the size of brain necessary to control the body would scale with the cube of the dimensions of the animal, and thus with the volume and mass of the body. An animal twice as large would need eight as large a brain to control its body, in addition to the parts of the brain that give intelligence.
Note that having the brain scale linearly requires much less brain than having it scale as the square of dimensions, and having the brain scale with the square of the dimensions requires much less brain than having the brain scale with the cube of the dimensions.
I also note that some body plans are much more complex than others and might need much larger brains to control than others.
>
> Brain-to-body mass ratio, also known as the brain-to-body weight ratio, is the ratio of brain mass to body mass, which is hypothesized to be a rough estimate of the intelligence of an animal, although fairly inaccurate in many cases. A more complex measurement, encephalization quotient, takes into account allometric effects of widely divergent body sizes across several taxa.[1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_size) The raw brain-to-body mass ratio is however simpler to come by, and is still a useful tool for comparing encephalization within species or between fairly closely related species.
>
>
>
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain-to-body_mass_ratio>[3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain-to-body_mass_ratio)
>
> Encephalization quotient (EQ), encephalization level (EL) or just encephalization is a relative brain size measure that is defined as the ratio between observed to predicted brain mass for an animal of a given size, based on nonlinear regression on a range of reference species.[12][13] It has been used as a proxy for intelligence and thus as a possible way of comparing the intelligences of different species. For this purpose it is a more refined measurement than the raw brain-to-body mass ratio, as it takes into account allometric effects. Expressed as a formula, the relationship has been developed for mammals and may not yield relevant results when applied outside this group.[14]
>
>
>
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encephalization_quotient>[4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encephalization_quotient)
>
> Encephalization quotient was developed in an attempt to provide a way of correlating an animal's physical characteristics with perceived intelligence. It improved on the previous attempt, brain-to-body mass ratio, so it has persisted. Subsequent work, notably Roth,[1](https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/02/180206090658.htm) found EQ to be flawed and suggested brain size was a better predictor, but that has problems as well.[unbalanced opinion?]
>
>
> Currently the best predictor for intelligence across all animals is forebrain neuron count.[citation needed] This was not seen earlier because neuron counts were previously inaccurate for most animals. For example, human brain neuron count was given as 100 billion for decades before Herculano-Houzel[15][16] found a more reliable method of counting brain cells.
>
>
> It could have been anticipated that EQ might be superseded because of both the number of exceptions and the growing complexity of the formulae it used. (See the rest of this article.)[unbalanced opinion?] The simplicity of counting neurons has replaced it.[citation needed] The concept in EQ of comparing the brain capacity exceeding that required for body sense and motor activity may yet live on to provide an even better prediction of intelligence, but that work has not been done yet.[citation needed][unbalanced opinion?]
>
>
>
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encephalization_quotient#Perspective_on_intelligence_measures>[5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encephalization_quotient#Perspective_on_intelligence_measures)
Clearly there is still a lot of research to be done to predict how much brain is needed to control a body of specified size, and how much more brain is needed for intelligence.
It seems to me that if a humanoid giant has a body that is ten times as massive as a human body, it might possibly need a brain tens times as massive as a human brain to control its body, and if has a body 100 times as massive as a human body it might possibly need a brain 100 times as massive as a human brain to control its body. But if the extra part of the brain needed for intelligence didn't have to be any larger than the extra part of the brain needed for intelligence in a human sized body, the giants could have total brain mass and energy consumption that was proportionally less than that of a human.
And it is possible that the brain mass needed to control a body actually increases a bit less than with the cube of the body's dimensions, which would mean that your giant's brain size could be a bit smaller compared to its body mass and it could still be intelligent.
So unless some expert in brain size relative to intelligence says that the best current estimates and calculations show a specific upper body size for an intelligent being, I would assume that a giant humanoid could be just as intelligent as a human with a somewhat smaller relative brain size. | Mammals have grown quite large without intelligence decreasing. When one compares whales to their smaller relatives: porpoise, orca; one doesn't find a marked decrease in intelligence. Whales have a fairly sophisticated vocabulary that is indicative of higher intellectual processes, more complex than most land mammals. And it is in the aquatic mammals that we find the greatest size variance.
Intellectual capability does not necessarily decrease with larger size, at least when comparing large mammals to their smaller close relatives, which provides an intelligence comparison with the least number of extraneous variables.
However, what you may also want to consider is: how large can a hominid get before the body layout cannot support the large size? This is assuming you don't want to alter physics as we know it.
Upright creatures in the 30 foot tall range have existed as dinosaurs: T-Rex and Spinosauras. However, the very large bipedal dinosaurs all had a massive tail to counterbalance the body. As near as we can tell, they didn't walk upright, but in a position we might describe as hunched over. And that large size appears to be so they can take down larger prey - something humans do with intellect rather than size.
In the real world, humans have evolved to their current size, because that's the size that has proven to be optimal for the conditions.
It would be interesting (and realistic) to come up with a very large mammalian creature of the intellect and capability of a human, with a body optimized for the larger size.
And the conditions under which such a size increase would be beneficial. |
177,080 | In many fantasy worlds, giants are as intelligent as human beings and others races that they either avoid stepping on or step on regularly. However, due to the square cube law, giants have a limited size where they can exist; but due to again the square cube law, the larger you are, the harder it is to keep a powerful brain up and running. Thus, my question in:
**How big can a giant get before getting to big to support a complex brain?**
The giants them selves will be confined to the laws of physics, and thus no magic is allowed.
Also, these giants will be confined to the land and be adapted to such an environment (Large feet, stocky build, etc.) So no water buoyancy to help them.
Edit. Due to the need for clarification as to why giants would loose human intelligence as thy get bigger, I will put a brief explanation on the issue of large, bipedal intelligence. The issue, per usual, is the Square Cube Law. I.e, the bigger something gets, its surface area goes up by square but the volume goes up by cube. This leads, to large bipedal any way, a need for increased muscle mass and bone structure. However, that new mass needs support to. This results in a viscous cycle where the organism would eventually get crushed under its own weight. Thus, weight savings need to be made, and for giants, the most likely weight saving measure that s first to go is intelligence. Here is a link for a video that explains it with more detail [here](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dbOSHoa7h3E) | 2020/05/24 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/177080",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/69795/"
] | Like many organs, the vertebrate brain actually evolved *because* of our large size--the larger you are, the more you need a dedicated system to communicate quickly between cells. I don't see any reason being large would make anyone less intelligent. Elephants and whales are both pretty smart animals!
However, because it takes longer for messages to travel the body, the larger you are, the slower your reflexes get, as well as your ability to think, period. If you've ever watched a fly move, you'll notice that its legs move faster than you can see. That's why! | Mammals have grown quite large without intelligence decreasing. When one compares whales to their smaller relatives: porpoise, orca; one doesn't find a marked decrease in intelligence. Whales have a fairly sophisticated vocabulary that is indicative of higher intellectual processes, more complex than most land mammals. And it is in the aquatic mammals that we find the greatest size variance.
Intellectual capability does not necessarily decrease with larger size, at least when comparing large mammals to their smaller close relatives, which provides an intelligence comparison with the least number of extraneous variables.
However, what you may also want to consider is: how large can a hominid get before the body layout cannot support the large size? This is assuming you don't want to alter physics as we know it.
Upright creatures in the 30 foot tall range have existed as dinosaurs: T-Rex and Spinosauras. However, the very large bipedal dinosaurs all had a massive tail to counterbalance the body. As near as we can tell, they didn't walk upright, but in a position we might describe as hunched over. And that large size appears to be so they can take down larger prey - something humans do with intellect rather than size.
In the real world, humans have evolved to their current size, because that's the size that has proven to be optimal for the conditions.
It would be interesting (and realistic) to come up with a very large mammalian creature of the intellect and capability of a human, with a body optimized for the larger size.
And the conditions under which such a size increase would be beneficial. |
139,952 | In every series of Star Trek (at least that I recall), using the transporters has a trained Starfleet operator performing the transport when ordered. It seems that for the run-of-the-mill transporting people or cargo on and off the ship, this could easily be handled by the ship's computer, at least from TNG era onwards. Instead, there is always a transporter chief who performs the transport operation.
Here is Chief O'Brien, hard at work:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/LNZXM.jpg)
I can understand that under challenging circumstances where there is margin for error, then a trained Starfleet operator may be required to make snap decisions or adjustments, but for the most part, using the transporter seems to be a mundane task. A voice command to the computer would be logical, given that the operator is more or less pushing a button when the command is given.
Given that the operator is going to depend on the computer to actually perform the calculations, **Is there any in-universe reason given as to why operating the transporters still requires a transporter chief?** | 2016/09/08 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/139952",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/44256/"
] | >
> I can understand that under challenging circumstances where there is margin for error, then a trained Starfleet operator may be required to make snap decisions or adjustments, but for the most part, using the transporter seems to be a mundane task.
>
>
>
Just in case.
=============
Fundamentally, for safety/emergency reasons.
Transporting, while mundane, is still a highly dangerous activity. In the case of an emergency the computer might not be **programmed** to deal with the issue (stuff happens all the time in Trek) and you need a trained *intuitive* person there to handle it.
As discussed in the comments, the same applies to computers flying shuttles / starships...in most cases there is still an actual person at the helm....just in case.
We have driverless cars now (almost) and they still have steering wheels and manual brakes. | Keep in mind that, although ~~Starfleet's primary purpose is exploration (not military),~~ [Starfleet is not a military organization](https://scifi.stackexchange.com/a/54168/20774), they ~~are essentially a military organization~~ are both structured as one and function as the Federation military.
When you look at how contemporary military organizations function, they have a large amount of redundancy. There may be an automated task, but there is usually a person as backup to the automation in case it fails in an emergency. This is why a military ship has a larger crew than a civilian ship with a comparable function (i.e., a military cargo ship will have a larger crew than a civilian cargo ship).
During downtime, those personnel are doing routine maintenance (i.e., during warp, when the transporter isn't required, the operator is doing routine maintenance checks). During operation, it's important that the personnel are paying attention, rather than thinking about something else. Therefore, they're usually assigned actual tasks other than just watching gauges during operation...like controlling the transporter operation. Additionally, emergencies don't happen every day, but daily operations are ongoing and personnel need to keep in practice so they're ready when emergencies do happen.
Can a computer with the sophistication of the one aboard the 1701D or 1701E run the transporter? Almost certainly. There are a few instances in the various series of people starting the transport operation on a delay, then stepping on the transport platform, so it's possible to at least that extent. I even seem to remember a few instances of completely automated transporter operation, although I can't find the references, so don't quote me on that (maybe on starbases?). But it's entirely consistent with a military organization to have a human transporter operator. |
575,901 | Why struct can not have parameterless constructor?
What's the problem in doing this for CLR or why it's not allowed ?
Please explain it as I don't understand it. | 2009/02/22 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/575901",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/45648/"
] | I cannot have an explicit parameterless constructor, only the implicit one, that initializes all members to their default.
>
> Although the CLR allows it, C# does
> not allow structs to have a default
> parameterless constructor. The reason
> is that, for a value type, compilers
> by default neither generate a default
> constructor, nor do they generate a
> call to the default constructor. So,
> even if you happened to define a
> default constructor, it will not be
> called and that will only confuse you.
> To avoid such problems, the C#
> compiler disallows definition of a
> default constructor by the user. And
> because it doesn't generate a default
> constructor, you can't initialize
> fields when defining them, ...
>
>
> | Quite a reasonable explanation can be found at:
<http://en.csharp-online.net/CSharp_FAQ:_Why_must_struct_constructors_have_at_least_one_argument>
Quoting:
*"The .NET Common Language Runtime (CLR) does not guarantee that parameterless constructors will be called. If structs were permitted to have default, parameterless constructors, the implication would be that default constructors would always be called. Yet, the CLR makes no such guarantee."* |
32,053 | I took my current job as a senior-level position, but I am also a manager with several subordinates.
Much like government (and military) positions, my pay grade (senior) is different from my job description (manager). This is essentially a "stretch goal." They hire me in as a senior, make sure I can handle the next level, and the expectation is I will be promoted so my pay grade and job description match.
In the meantime, should I describe myself as a manager in contexts such as LinkedIn? I do manage 5-10 people and am included in management meetings and decisions. But I have the pay of a senior level worker and do some "worker bee" work.
If it matters, I am not looking to change employers, so this is irrelevant to my situation in the context of a job search. This is entirely about the most accurate way to represent my job role to the public.
I did find some related questions, but nothing quite like my situation:
[How do I choose an appropriate job title?](https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/22172/how-do-i-choose-an-appropriate-job-title)
[How to label inaccurate job titles on resume](https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/13494/how-to-label-inaccurate-job-titles-on-resume) | 2014/08/08 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/32053",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | >
> In the meantime, should I describe myself as a manager in contexts
> such as LinkedIn? I do manage 5-10 people and am included in
> management meetings and decisions. But I have the pay of a senior
> level worker and do some "worker bee" work.
>
>
>
You aren't a "Manager" so you shouldn't say that you are. You should indicate that you are a "Senior" with some additional (managerial) responsibilities.
In more formal contexts such as LinkedIn, a resume, an interview, etc - you indicate your actual title, and can describe the kind of work you do - including the managerial responsibilities you perform.
That will give the correct picture of your actual work, and it won't be misleading in any way. | The only thing a prospective employer or a recruiter are interested in is the duties you performed. Because it is the duties that you performed that give them guidance as to whether you can meet their needs. Not your pay grade.
Be plain. Describe your duties as a manager, and be done with your description. It's that simple. |
32,053 | I took my current job as a senior-level position, but I am also a manager with several subordinates.
Much like government (and military) positions, my pay grade (senior) is different from my job description (manager). This is essentially a "stretch goal." They hire me in as a senior, make sure I can handle the next level, and the expectation is I will be promoted so my pay grade and job description match.
In the meantime, should I describe myself as a manager in contexts such as LinkedIn? I do manage 5-10 people and am included in management meetings and decisions. But I have the pay of a senior level worker and do some "worker bee" work.
If it matters, I am not looking to change employers, so this is irrelevant to my situation in the context of a job search. This is entirely about the most accurate way to represent my job role to the public.
I did find some related questions, but nothing quite like my situation:
[How do I choose an appropriate job title?](https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/22172/how-do-i-choose-an-appropriate-job-title)
[How to label inaccurate job titles on resume](https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/13494/how-to-label-inaccurate-job-titles-on-resume) | 2014/08/08 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/32053",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | >
> In the meantime, should I describe myself as a manager in contexts
> such as LinkedIn? I do manage 5-10 people and am included in
> management meetings and decisions. But I have the pay of a senior
> level worker and do some "worker bee" work.
>
>
>
You aren't a "Manager" so you shouldn't say that you are. You should indicate that you are a "Senior" with some additional (managerial) responsibilities.
In more formal contexts such as LinkedIn, a resume, an interview, etc - you indicate your actual title, and can describe the kind of work you do - including the managerial responsibilities you perform.
That will give the correct picture of your actual work, and it won't be misleading in any way. | You shouldn't mis-represent your actual title in the company - for sites like LinkedIn and other professional forms and venues, use the title that you currently hold, even if it doesn't match your work responsibilities.
That being said, *do* mention those responsibilities. Make a point of listing them somewhere so that people know what you can do, and if that position is your goal then list it as such.
But more importantly, don't be too worried about your title/actualjob discrepancy - this happens all the time in the workforce. People are hired in at the position that the company has open, with the HR-approved requirements for that position, and wind up doing the job that's **needed**, which doesn't always match what was advertised.
In short: Don't lie about your actual job title when asked, but there should be somewhere on LinkedIn and other similar sites where you can list actual workplace responsibilities. |
2,622,670 | i had a discussion with a coworker about the architecture of a program i'm writing and i'd like some more opinions.
The Situation:
* The Program should update at near-realtime (+/- 1 Minute).
* It involves the movement of objects on a coordinate system.
* There are some events that occur at regular intervals (i.e. creation of the objects).
* Movements can change at any time through user input.
My solution was:
* Build a server that runs continously and stores the data internally.
* The server dumps a state-of-the-program at regular intervals to protect against powerfailures and/or crashes.
He argued that the program requires a Database and i should use cronjobs to update the data. I can store movement information by storing startpoint, endpoint and speed and update the position in the cronjob (and calculate collisions with other objects there) by calculating direction and speed.
His reasons:
* Requires more CPU & Memory because it runs constantly.
* Powerfailures/Crashes might destroy data.
* Databases are faster.
My reasons against this are mostly:
* Not very precise as events can only occur at full minutes (wouldn't be that bad though).
* Requires (possibly costly) transformation of data on every run from relational data to objects.
* RDBMS are a general solution for a specialized problem so a specialized solution should be more efficient.
* Powerfailures (or other crashes) can leave the Data in an undefined state with only partially updated data unless (possibly costly) precautions (like transactions) are taken.
What are your opinions about that?
Which arguments can you add for any side? | 2010/04/12 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2622670",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/253984/"
] | Databases are not faster. How silly... How can a database be faster than writing a custom data structure and storing it in memory ?? Databases are Generalized tools to persist data to disk for you so you don't have to write all the code to do that yourself. Because they have to address the needs of numerous disparate (and sometimes inconsistent) business functions (Persistency (Durability), Transactional integrity, caching, relational integrity, atomicity, etc. etc. ) and do it in a way that protects the application developer from having to worry about it so much, by definition it is going to be slower. That doesn't necessarilly mean his conclusion is wrong however.
Each of his other objections can be addressed by writing the code to address that issue yourself... But you see where that is going... At some point, the development efforts of writing the custom code to address the issues that are important for your application outweigh the performance hit of just using a database - which already does all that stuff out of the box... How many of these issues are important ? and do you know how to write the code necessary to address them ? | mySQL can now model spatial data.
<http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/4.1/en/gis-introduction.html>
<http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/spatial-extensions.html>
You could use the database to keep track of world locations, user locations, items locations ect. |
2,622,670 | i had a discussion with a coworker about the architecture of a program i'm writing and i'd like some more opinions.
The Situation:
* The Program should update at near-realtime (+/- 1 Minute).
* It involves the movement of objects on a coordinate system.
* There are some events that occur at regular intervals (i.e. creation of the objects).
* Movements can change at any time through user input.
My solution was:
* Build a server that runs continously and stores the data internally.
* The server dumps a state-of-the-program at regular intervals to protect against powerfailures and/or crashes.
He argued that the program requires a Database and i should use cronjobs to update the data. I can store movement information by storing startpoint, endpoint and speed and update the position in the cronjob (and calculate collisions with other objects there) by calculating direction and speed.
His reasons:
* Requires more CPU & Memory because it runs constantly.
* Powerfailures/Crashes might destroy data.
* Databases are faster.
My reasons against this are mostly:
* Not very precise as events can only occur at full minutes (wouldn't be that bad though).
* Requires (possibly costly) transformation of data on every run from relational data to objects.
* RDBMS are a general solution for a specialized problem so a specialized solution should be more efficient.
* Powerfailures (or other crashes) can leave the Data in an undefined state with only partially updated data unless (possibly costly) precautions (like transactions) are taken.
What are your opinions about that?
Which arguments can you add for any side? | 2010/04/12 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2622670",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/253984/"
] | From what you've described here, I'd say your solution does seem to be the better option. You say it runs once a minute, but how long does it take to run? If only a few seconds, then the transformation to relational data would likely be inconsequential, as would any other overhead. most of this would take likely 30 seconds. This is assuming, again, that the program is quite small.
However, if it is larger, and assuming that it will get larger, doing a straight dump is a better method. You might not want to do a full dump every run, but that's up to you, just remember that it could wind up taking a lot of space (same goes if you're using a database).
If you're going to dump the state, you would need to have some sort of a redundancy system in place, along with quasi-transactions. You would want to store several copies, in case something happens to the newest version. Say, the power goes out while you're storing, and you have no backups beyond this half-written one. Transactions, you would need something to tell that the file has been fully written, so if something does go wrong, you can always tell what the most recent successful save was.
Oh, and for his argument of it running constantly: if you have it set to a cronjob, or even a self-enclosed sleep statement or similar, it doesn't use any CPU time when it's not running, the same amount that it would if you're using an RDBMS.
If you're writing straight to disk, then this will be the faster method over a database, and faster retrieval, since, as you pointed out, there is no overhead.
Summary: A database is a good idea if you have a lot of idle processor time or historical records, but if resources are a legitimate concern, then it can become too much overhead and a dump with precautions taken is better. | mySQL can now model spatial data.
<http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/4.1/en/gis-introduction.html>
<http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/spatial-extensions.html>
You could use the database to keep track of world locations, user locations, items locations ect. |
11,207,001 | How do you debug javascript in Xcode?
One thing that I can do is open the page in OS X Chrome browser, but naturally this will not work for application flow involving native code. Is there a smart Xcode trick that I am missing. | 2012/06/26 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/11207001",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/699215/"
] | With the release of iOS 6, Apple released remote Web Inspector for their Mobile Safari in conjunction with Mac Safari 6, and this is huge. Basically you have all the features and power of Web Inspector in regular Safari, for your mobile apps, including Phonegap apps. I've used weinre and this makes it obsolete for newer versions of iOS (but not for old versions of iOS, non-iOS devices such as android, or if you're on Windows).
Here's how it works (requires a Mac, either xCode 4.5+ running an iOS 6+ simulator or an iOS 6+ device, and Safari 6+ on your Mac):
in your ios simulator or ios device,open settings --> Safari --> Advanced --> Web Inspector --> (turn On) . (this is on by default in the simulator, but its worth checking)
In Safari, after you've started your phoneGap/cordova app and its loaded & running, access iPhone Simulator or your device from the Develop menu. You can enable Develop menu in Safari's Advanced Preferences, if its not already.
More discussion at the bottom of:
<http://www.mobilexweb.com/blog/iphone-5-ios-6-html5-developers>
(also, if you read about a "secret private interface" somewhere, this doesn't work anymore.) | Try using weinre it is a really good tool to debug javascript applications on mobile devices.
<http://people.apache.org/~pmuellr/weinre/docs/latest/>
Although you will still not be able to debug the script step-by-step as it gives on desktop but gives lot more detail than xcode (~ for javascript). |
81,793 | Two days ago I flew with KLM from Calgary to Germany, first with the "Dreamliner" 787 and then with the 737 in economy class. I had the impression (due to my impaired space during eating on the 787) that the seats in the 787 are narrower than in the 737.
Is this true or just my imagination?
With the distance between the seat rows I am not so sure. Maybe reduced too? | 2016/11/01 | [
"https://travel.stackexchange.com/questions/81793",
"https://travel.stackexchange.com",
"https://travel.stackexchange.com/users/31620/"
] | Turning my comment to JonathanReez into an answer, not to contradict him to to offer an explanation as to why his answer might be correct while also your experience of the seat being smaller might still be true.
The seat space depends on how you measure it - a 17.5" seat cushion or between the arm rests may still leave you with less space overall because airlines have started shrinking arm rests and aisles in order to start fitting 9-abreast, 10-abreast and, god forbid, 11-abreast seating into their aircraft.
The outcome of this is that you may still get 17.5" of width in which to put your bum, but your shoulders and elbows have less room and thus the overall space feels more cramped.
This is something you will only see in widebodied aircraft, because a 737s 6-abreast is currently the maximum an airline is legally allowed to use, resulting in a 3-3 configuration. On widebodied aircraft, the standards have risen from 2-2-2 to 2-4-2, 3-3-3 and we are starting to see 3-4-3 being offered, and the space for that increase comes generally from the aisles and seats themselves (although some airlines are finding a few inches from narrower fuselage linings). | According to SeatGuru, KLM's only [787 configuration](https://www.seatguru.com/airlines/KLM/KLM_Boeing_787-900.php) has seats with 31" pitch and 17.5" width. On the other hand, all [737 configurations](https://www.seatguru.com/airlines/KLM/KLM_Boeing_737-800.php) have 30" pitch and 17" width.
So the answer is: **no**, the 787 seats are not narrower. The difference might have been purely psychological as the 737 flight was a short hop, while the 787 was a cross-continental trip. |
130,679 | Good afternoon,
I'm facing a problem on my colleague's LG L90 phone, it suddenly started to bootloop and nothing seems to solve the problem.
The only way to turn it off is to remove the battery, but as soon as you put it back (be it instantly after removing it or after any period of time) the phone turns on and starts to bootloop again, so there's no "turn it off and turn on again pressing x buttons". The bootloop lasts about 10 seconds before it restarts the process.
When I connect it to my PC with the battery nothing changes, and the PC doesn't recognize the device, as it reboots before the PC can see it. Plugging it without the battery shows a screen with an empty battery for some seconds and then it reboots, showing that screen again.
I tried to enter recovery mode, emergency mode and fastboot mode without success. Plugging the phone on the PC or placing the battery while pressing vol -, vol +, both or any with the power button simply has no effect on the phone, it just keeps bootlooping.
The phone model is LG-D410hn, and it doesn't have unlocked bootloader, root or anything similar, it has everything stock.
Does anyone know what I can do to try to save it? | 2015/12/04 | [
"https://android.stackexchange.com/questions/130679",
"https://android.stackexchange.com",
"https://android.stackexchange.com/users/137089/"
] | This worked for me (without having to download the media feature pack).
On your phone (after connecting to PC):
1. Open the notifications bar.
2. Tap USB connection notification (USB for charging)
3. Select PTP-option (this one worked for me at least)
4. Done! You can now open your phone on your pc. | I'm using Windows 10 Enterprise N 2016 LTSB. I installed KB-3010081, KB-3099229, and nothing worked.
I needed to install KB3133719: <https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/3133719/media-feature-pack-for-n-editions-of-windows-10-version-1607> |
254,686 | The definitions of it, pretty much all, involve words like "trickery" and "deception".
But one legitimate definition can also be: to captivate with irresistible charm.
Nothing too bad sounding. | 2015/06/24 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/254686",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/128704/"
] | This is entirely opinion, but I can't actually recall the last time I heard is used *negatively*. In recent memory, I've only seen it used as a positive, usually as an empowering feminine attribute. The notion being that the person in question is both streetwise and attractive enough to achieve whatever they want.
Most of the contexts I've seen it used in have also had mystery as a connotation, implying that the person in question is also immediately fascinating to other people, or that the source of their power is unclear.
I can't recall for certain, but I believe that the Wilson Fisk character in Netflix's Daredevil show recently called a beautiful, eloquent and foreign accented museum curator he was falling in love with, beguiling. That's the kind of scenario that the word invokes for me. | Consider the etymology of words as well as generally perceived usage/nuance of the word.
*Beguile* comes from *guile*, which means:
>
> sly or cunning intelligence. (google)
>
>
>
If you wanted to focus on the charming or neutral tone, then consider the following synonyms:
v. fascinate, mesmerize, enthrall
adj. riveting, compelling |
254,686 | The definitions of it, pretty much all, involve words like "trickery" and "deception".
But one legitimate definition can also be: to captivate with irresistible charm.
Nothing too bad sounding. | 2015/06/24 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/254686",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/128704/"
] | The OED describes five different senses of the verb ***beguile***.
Two of them - numbers 4 and 5 - are very positive:
>
> 4. To win the attention or interest of (any one) by wiling means; to charm, divert, amuse; to wile (one) on, or into any course.
> 5. To divert attention in some pleasant way from (anything painful, or irksome); to elude the disagreeable sensation of, and so to cause to
> pass insensibly or pleasantly; to charm away, wile away.
>
>
> | Consider the etymology of words as well as generally perceived usage/nuance of the word.
*Beguile* comes from *guile*, which means:
>
> sly or cunning intelligence. (google)
>
>
>
If you wanted to focus on the charming or neutral tone, then consider the following synonyms:
v. fascinate, mesmerize, enthrall
adj. riveting, compelling |
254,686 | The definitions of it, pretty much all, involve words like "trickery" and "deception".
But one legitimate definition can also be: to captivate with irresistible charm.
Nothing too bad sounding. | 2015/06/24 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/254686",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/128704/"
] | This is entirely opinion, but I can't actually recall the last time I heard is used *negatively*. In recent memory, I've only seen it used as a positive, usually as an empowering feminine attribute. The notion being that the person in question is both streetwise and attractive enough to achieve whatever they want.
Most of the contexts I've seen it used in have also had mystery as a connotation, implying that the person in question is also immediately fascinating to other people, or that the source of their power is unclear.
I can't recall for certain, but I believe that the Wilson Fisk character in Netflix's Daredevil show recently called a beautiful, eloquent and foreign accented museum curator he was falling in love with, beguiling. That's the kind of scenario that the word invokes for me. | The OED describes five different senses of the verb ***beguile***.
Two of them - numbers 4 and 5 - are very positive:
>
> 4. To win the attention or interest of (any one) by wiling means; to charm, divert, amuse; to wile (one) on, or into any course.
> 5. To divert attention in some pleasant way from (anything painful, or irksome); to elude the disagreeable sensation of, and so to cause to
> pass insensibly or pleasantly; to charm away, wile away.
>
>
> |
254,686 | The definitions of it, pretty much all, involve words like "trickery" and "deception".
But one legitimate definition can also be: to captivate with irresistible charm.
Nothing too bad sounding. | 2015/06/24 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/254686",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/128704/"
] | This is entirely opinion, but I can't actually recall the last time I heard is used *negatively*. In recent memory, I've only seen it used as a positive, usually as an empowering feminine attribute. The notion being that the person in question is both streetwise and attractive enough to achieve whatever they want.
Most of the contexts I've seen it used in have also had mystery as a connotation, implying that the person in question is also immediately fascinating to other people, or that the source of their power is unclear.
I can't recall for certain, but I believe that the Wilson Fisk character in Netflix's Daredevil show recently called a beautiful, eloquent and foreign accented museum curator he was falling in love with, beguiling. That's the kind of scenario that the word invokes for me. | "Guile" involves the befuddling and subjugation of the target's objectivity, by the beguiler, in order for the beguiler to achieve his goal.
The goal may be altruistic or nefarious, but the fact remains that, through manipulation of his target, the beguiler's aim is to cajole acceptance of his views by the target. |
254,686 | The definitions of it, pretty much all, involve words like "trickery" and "deception".
But one legitimate definition can also be: to captivate with irresistible charm.
Nothing too bad sounding. | 2015/06/24 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/254686",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/128704/"
] | The OED describes five different senses of the verb ***beguile***.
Two of them - numbers 4 and 5 - are very positive:
>
> 4. To win the attention or interest of (any one) by wiling means; to charm, divert, amuse; to wile (one) on, or into any course.
> 5. To divert attention in some pleasant way from (anything painful, or irksome); to elude the disagreeable sensation of, and so to cause to
> pass insensibly or pleasantly; to charm away, wile away.
>
>
> | "Guile" involves the befuddling and subjugation of the target's objectivity, by the beguiler, in order for the beguiler to achieve his goal.
The goal may be altruistic or nefarious, but the fact remains that, through manipulation of his target, the beguiler's aim is to cajole acceptance of his views by the target. |
9,581,907 | I started on Ubuntu and have had the first considerable error. I'm looking for help.
I have an HP Pavilion dv6 i7. I had installed windows 7 and I decided to also install Ubuntu using a USB.
My first attempt was to install Ubuntu 11.10 following the instructions of the official Ubuntu website. When loading the pendrive, my PC stucks at the main menu of ubuntu, so after searching, I found could be due to a problem with my AMD Radeon graphic card (or not), but I decided to change.
Then I used Ubuntu 10.4. This could happen from the start menu i get into Ubuntu live. There I decided to install it because I liked it and I need to develope with Google TV (in windows is not posible).
And I fail in the partitions section. I tried to follow the instructions on this page:
<http://hadesbego.blogspot.com/2010/08/instalando-linux-en-hp-pavilion-dv6.html>
but there were things that changed a bit so I improvised. I took the windows partition of 700000MB and went to 600000Mb leaving 100GB free to install Linux there. The error was to set it to ext3 (it was ntfs). I thought the new 100gb partition will be set to ext3, and windows partition will stuck at ntfs system, but not.
Total I ran out to boot windows, and above I can not install ubuntu on the 100GB free.
Someone thinks I can help. Is there any easy way to convert back to ntfs windows and not lose data?
Thank you very much. | 2012/03/06 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/9581907",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1129898/"
] | You can use COM (ActiveX) both ways.
So Yes, you can make a DLL in C# and mark it as COM-visible and import it into Delphi.
But you cannot use simple (not COM) DLLs this way. | My first port of call would probably be looking into WCF (written in C#) and have Delphi talk to it.
The dll is not a bad idea, but I just think putting it in WCF is more scalable + portable. |
9,581,907 | I started on Ubuntu and have had the first considerable error. I'm looking for help.
I have an HP Pavilion dv6 i7. I had installed windows 7 and I decided to also install Ubuntu using a USB.
My first attempt was to install Ubuntu 11.10 following the instructions of the official Ubuntu website. When loading the pendrive, my PC stucks at the main menu of ubuntu, so after searching, I found could be due to a problem with my AMD Radeon graphic card (or not), but I decided to change.
Then I used Ubuntu 10.4. This could happen from the start menu i get into Ubuntu live. There I decided to install it because I liked it and I need to develope with Google TV (in windows is not posible).
And I fail in the partitions section. I tried to follow the instructions on this page:
<http://hadesbego.blogspot.com/2010/08/instalando-linux-en-hp-pavilion-dv6.html>
but there were things that changed a bit so I improvised. I took the windows partition of 700000MB and went to 600000Mb leaving 100GB free to install Linux there. The error was to set it to ext3 (it was ntfs). I thought the new 100gb partition will be set to ext3, and windows partition will stuck at ntfs system, but not.
Total I ran out to boot windows, and above I can not install ubuntu on the 100GB free.
Someone thinks I can help. Is there any easy way to convert back to ntfs windows and not lose data?
Thank you very much. | 2012/03/06 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/9581907",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1129898/"
] | My first port of call would probably be looking into WCF (written in C#) and have Delphi talk to it.
The dll is not a bad idea, but I just think putting it in WCF is more scalable + portable. | You may want to check out Hydra from RemObjects. It permits native and managed code to be used in the same application.
[http://www.remobjects.com/hydra/default.aspx](http://www.remobjects.com/hydra/default.aspx "Remo Objects Hydra") |
9,581,907 | I started on Ubuntu and have had the first considerable error. I'm looking for help.
I have an HP Pavilion dv6 i7. I had installed windows 7 and I decided to also install Ubuntu using a USB.
My first attempt was to install Ubuntu 11.10 following the instructions of the official Ubuntu website. When loading the pendrive, my PC stucks at the main menu of ubuntu, so after searching, I found could be due to a problem with my AMD Radeon graphic card (or not), but I decided to change.
Then I used Ubuntu 10.4. This could happen from the start menu i get into Ubuntu live. There I decided to install it because I liked it and I need to develope with Google TV (in windows is not posible).
And I fail in the partitions section. I tried to follow the instructions on this page:
<http://hadesbego.blogspot.com/2010/08/instalando-linux-en-hp-pavilion-dv6.html>
but there were things that changed a bit so I improvised. I took the windows partition of 700000MB and went to 600000Mb leaving 100GB free to install Linux there. The error was to set it to ext3 (it was ntfs). I thought the new 100gb partition will be set to ext3, and windows partition will stuck at ntfs system, but not.
Total I ran out to boot windows, and above I can not install ubuntu on the 100GB free.
Someone thinks I can help. Is there any easy way to convert back to ntfs windows and not lose data?
Thank you very much. | 2012/03/06 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/9581907",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1129898/"
] | You can use COM (ActiveX) both ways.
So Yes, you can make a DLL in C# and mark it as COM-visible and import it into Delphi.
But you cannot use simple (not COM) DLLs this way. | You may want to check out Hydra from RemObjects. It permits native and managed code to be used in the same application.
[http://www.remobjects.com/hydra/default.aspx](http://www.remobjects.com/hydra/default.aspx "Remo Objects Hydra") |
9,581,907 | I started on Ubuntu and have had the first considerable error. I'm looking for help.
I have an HP Pavilion dv6 i7. I had installed windows 7 and I decided to also install Ubuntu using a USB.
My first attempt was to install Ubuntu 11.10 following the instructions of the official Ubuntu website. When loading the pendrive, my PC stucks at the main menu of ubuntu, so after searching, I found could be due to a problem with my AMD Radeon graphic card (or not), but I decided to change.
Then I used Ubuntu 10.4. This could happen from the start menu i get into Ubuntu live. There I decided to install it because I liked it and I need to develope with Google TV (in windows is not posible).
And I fail in the partitions section. I tried to follow the instructions on this page:
<http://hadesbego.blogspot.com/2010/08/instalando-linux-en-hp-pavilion-dv6.html>
but there were things that changed a bit so I improvised. I took the windows partition of 700000MB and went to 600000Mb leaving 100GB free to install Linux there. The error was to set it to ext3 (it was ntfs). I thought the new 100gb partition will be set to ext3, and windows partition will stuck at ntfs system, but not.
Total I ran out to boot windows, and above I can not install ubuntu on the 100GB free.
Someone thinks I can help. Is there any easy way to convert back to ntfs windows and not lose data?
Thank you very much. | 2012/03/06 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/9581907",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1129898/"
] | You can use COM (ActiveX) both ways.
So Yes, you can make a DLL in C# and mark it as COM-visible and import it into Delphi.
But you cannot use simple (not COM) DLLs this way. | COM would probably be my choice. However, if for some reason you wanted to avoid COM you could take a look at the very nifty [Unmanaged Exports](https://sites.google.com/site/robertgiesecke/Home/uploads/unmanagedexports) by Robert Giesecke.
>
> Unmanaged Exports is an MSBuild task that essentially allows you to export static functions from your .Net assemblies to be consumed as ordinary native DLL exports.
>
>
> |
9,581,907 | I started on Ubuntu and have had the first considerable error. I'm looking for help.
I have an HP Pavilion dv6 i7. I had installed windows 7 and I decided to also install Ubuntu using a USB.
My first attempt was to install Ubuntu 11.10 following the instructions of the official Ubuntu website. When loading the pendrive, my PC stucks at the main menu of ubuntu, so after searching, I found could be due to a problem with my AMD Radeon graphic card (or not), but I decided to change.
Then I used Ubuntu 10.4. This could happen from the start menu i get into Ubuntu live. There I decided to install it because I liked it and I need to develope with Google TV (in windows is not posible).
And I fail in the partitions section. I tried to follow the instructions on this page:
<http://hadesbego.blogspot.com/2010/08/instalando-linux-en-hp-pavilion-dv6.html>
but there were things that changed a bit so I improvised. I took the windows partition of 700000MB and went to 600000Mb leaving 100GB free to install Linux there. The error was to set it to ext3 (it was ntfs). I thought the new 100gb partition will be set to ext3, and windows partition will stuck at ntfs system, but not.
Total I ran out to boot windows, and above I can not install ubuntu on the 100GB free.
Someone thinks I can help. Is there any easy way to convert back to ntfs windows and not lose data?
Thank you very much. | 2012/03/06 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/9581907",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1129898/"
] | COM would probably be my choice. However, if for some reason you wanted to avoid COM you could take a look at the very nifty [Unmanaged Exports](https://sites.google.com/site/robertgiesecke/Home/uploads/unmanagedexports) by Robert Giesecke.
>
> Unmanaged Exports is an MSBuild task that essentially allows you to export static functions from your .Net assemblies to be consumed as ordinary native DLL exports.
>
>
> | You may want to check out Hydra from RemObjects. It permits native and managed code to be used in the same application.
[http://www.remobjects.com/hydra/default.aspx](http://www.remobjects.com/hydra/default.aspx "Remo Objects Hydra") |
140,832 | Why might that happen?
This was an interview question I received | 2014/11/30 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/140832",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/51502/"
] | Your question touches a typical problem of all S/C circuits because the real on-resistance of the switches must be considered during the design of S/C blocks. Of course, such an on-resistance is nothing else than a series resistance together with an ideal switch.
**Hence, the answer to this question is as follows**: As long as the resulting time constant RC is sufficiently small if compared with the time available for charging the capacitor (50% takt period) the function of the S/C block will be (nearly) not altered. If the resistor is too large the capacitor will not get fully charged and transfer errors will occur. Typically, this problem always sets the upper limit for the takt rate. | Are we talking a circuit like this? What gain are they referring to?
The circuit would simply look like a resistor Req = 1/(C\*f). I would think that the gain would decrease because adding a resistor (R1) to the input simply makes a voltage divider, like so:
 |
140,832 | Why might that happen?
This was an interview question I received | 2014/11/30 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/140832",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/51502/"
] | Ignoring the series resistance in your question, a switched capacitor circuit acts as a variable resistor between input and output (where the equivalent resistance is related to switching frequency and capacitance). Think of it this way....
The final formula equates current flowing into the left hand node with the voltage differential across both nodes (Vin - Vout) multiplied by fs\*C.
This is basically ohms law, I = VR where R is fs\*C
In other words, a switched capacitor network is a "series resistor" but remember it's subject to sampling theory and can only be reasonably regarded as a series resistor when Fs is significantly higher than the signal inputted.
Back to your questio. Adding a resistor in series with Vin or Vout is basically that - you are now adding a resistor i.e. total resistance becomes R1 + R2 where R2 is the series resistance of the switched capacitor network.
[Here's](https://classes.yale.edu/04-05/enas627b/lectures/EENG427l04aswcap.pdf) a nice article on it. | Are we talking a circuit like this? What gain are they referring to?
The circuit would simply look like a resistor Req = 1/(C\*f). I would think that the gain would decrease because adding a resistor (R1) to the input simply makes a voltage divider, like so:
 |
115,887 | **Background**
The owner of the company asked me to hire a "Tester" (we were not originally a tech company, but I was hired to help build a development team and produce a new tech product for our business). We don't have a dedicated QA division currently. Of course, our development team has its own internal review process, and we have our own best practices related to unit and integration tests to make sure things are working before they leave our desk. After things look good on our end we hand them over to the owner who tests everything systematically and extensively, not just for simple bugs, but also to look out for any ways the results might be improved from a business perspective.
That last part is important. Everything starts with the owner explaining how the system needs to work (we're effectively automating large parts of the business). It's all his brain child, and he's an expert in his industry. We use our own experience to work with him to refine the ideas and try to come up with the best solution for the company. Often though once the pieces get all put together and he starts testing things, he comes up with changes for us that aren't the result of bugs but simply the result of him seeing things in action and therefore having better insight into what the company needs.
To be clear, I don't have a problem with this process - after all this is pretty much just the whole idea behind agile development anyway. The final product is never far from the original draft, so its not like we're wasting lots of time. However, the owner has basically been our QA team through this process. He's been happy to do this up until now (he's really been the only person who could), but now he's ready to hand over the reigns to someone else and have more time for other parts of the business. As a result, he asked me to hire a tester. However, as I thought about it, I realized that he does more than just testing - in particular evaluating how well it fits the business needs and refining things with another round of development. That's the tricky part.
**Question**
So in essence, we want to hire a tester (our first QA person?). Someone who can go through all aspects of our system with a fine tooth comb and identify any bugs that the dev team may have missed. That, I'm sure, is very standard. However, the owner would also like this person to be able to understand the underlying business needs and also suggest refinements to the business processes, UI, etc... That last part is where I think things get trickier. I've never been in a company large enough to have its own dedicated QA team, so I'm not sure if this would be a standard part of a QA job. That's pretty much my question(s):
1. Is it "normal" (I know, dangerous qualifier) to expect a tester to also understand the underlying business needs, and therefore test not just the results of the code for bugs, but also test how suitable the overall results are for our business?
2. I'm wondering if perhaps I should just advertise for a QA/tester job, but specifically screen for candidates with experience in our industry, or who demonstrate an ability to do more than just follow a testing script?
3. It occurs to me that I might be falling victim to the X-Y problem, and what we need is something completely different than what I was asked for. We don't have an official "Product Owner". That's pretty much what the business owner has been doing. Maybe we need one of those and a tester? Or maybe a different process?
**To summarize though:** Is it reasonable to expect a tester to not just evaluate a program for bugs, but also evaluate for whether or not it is a good match to the business needs? If not, any suggestions on what it is that I'm looking for? | 2018/07/15 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/115887",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/71338/"
] | >
> Is it reasonable to expect a tester to not just evaluate a program for
> bugs, but also evaluate for whether or not it is a good match to the
> business needs? If not, any suggestions on what it is that I'm looking
> for?
>
>
>
Certainly it's reasonable. But I see a few obstacles:
* You describe this person as a "Tester". Most testers just test. A professional QA Engineer however, could be involved in all aspects of the development cycle - from reviewing and clarifying the requirements, to testing iterations of development work, to final system testing, handling any Beta period, and even ongoing testing in Production.
* You seem to anticipate a waterfall approach where a completed project or cycle is handed over to this Tester for a final check just before going to Production. That's possible, but it's also extremely late in the process for validating against requirements. How much effort do you want to throw away if your developers were unclear on the business requirements and developed the wrong solution?
* You mention that "everything start with the owner" and it's all "his brain child". Perhaps that also means that nothing is written down? If you expect this Tester to understand the requirements as well as the Owner, then the two must spend significant time together, or find some other effective mechanism to transfer knowledge of the requirements.
* Testers can be inexpensive. QA Engineers with deep domain knowledge and abilities are far more expensive.
* Every company where I have ever worked defines "agile development" differently. Make sure yours is very well defined before you try to change it by inserting a Tester into the process.
My advice would be to hire a contractor or two first to learn what a Tester can actually do for you. You may need to go through several as you clarify the role, expectations, and time allotted within your development cycles. | Sounds like the owner wants a near-clone of himself to do this work. I doubt that the owner would describe himself as a Tester. So you're really looking for something beyond what a tester would normally be responsible for.
A risk to the business is that all valuable business knowledge and strategy is concentrated in one person -- the owner. This is clearly not uncommon in a small business scenario, but in hiring and training a single person to fill this role, you essentially transfer and concentrate that risk.
>
> 1. Is it "normal" (I know, dangerous qualifier) to expect a tester to also understand the underlying business needs, and therefore test not just the results of the code for bugs, but also test how suitable the overall results are for our business?
>
>
>
This is not normal or expected for a "Tester" role. Traditionally a tester will compare the actual result of behavior against the expected result as defined in a business requirement or the acceptance criteria of a user story.
In doing this the tester will consult subject matter experts from the technical and business sides of the organization. A good tester may, after some time with the organization, learn more about the product and industry and may not need to consult with experts as often. This requires dedication and time, however, and is not a guaranteed result.
>
> 2. I'm wondering if perhaps I should just advertise for a QA/tester job, but specifically screen for candidates with experience in our industry, or who demonstrate an ability to do more than just follow a testing script?
>
>
>
Anything that you find desirable in a candidate should be included in the job description. The more specific you can be about what you're looking for, the higher quality candidates you will find. There will always be candidates who don't read the job description, but you may find that applicants will self-select based on what you need, and present themselves closer to what you're hoping to find.
>
> 3. It occurs to me that I might be falling victim to the X-Y problem, and what we need is something completely different than what I was asked for. We don't have an official "Product Owner". That's pretty much what the business owner has been doing. Maybe we need one of those and a tester? Or maybe a different process?
>
>
>
Yes, I think this is spot on -- it sounds like the owner's definition of Tester is different than the industry's. To mitigate the single-person risk I mention above, you'll want to take a team-based approach to this.
**Hire a person who can do the hands-on work of testing, but spread the knowledge and skill of the owner across the entire team.** |
115,887 | **Background**
The owner of the company asked me to hire a "Tester" (we were not originally a tech company, but I was hired to help build a development team and produce a new tech product for our business). We don't have a dedicated QA division currently. Of course, our development team has its own internal review process, and we have our own best practices related to unit and integration tests to make sure things are working before they leave our desk. After things look good on our end we hand them over to the owner who tests everything systematically and extensively, not just for simple bugs, but also to look out for any ways the results might be improved from a business perspective.
That last part is important. Everything starts with the owner explaining how the system needs to work (we're effectively automating large parts of the business). It's all his brain child, and he's an expert in his industry. We use our own experience to work with him to refine the ideas and try to come up with the best solution for the company. Often though once the pieces get all put together and he starts testing things, he comes up with changes for us that aren't the result of bugs but simply the result of him seeing things in action and therefore having better insight into what the company needs.
To be clear, I don't have a problem with this process - after all this is pretty much just the whole idea behind agile development anyway. The final product is never far from the original draft, so its not like we're wasting lots of time. However, the owner has basically been our QA team through this process. He's been happy to do this up until now (he's really been the only person who could), but now he's ready to hand over the reigns to someone else and have more time for other parts of the business. As a result, he asked me to hire a tester. However, as I thought about it, I realized that he does more than just testing - in particular evaluating how well it fits the business needs and refining things with another round of development. That's the tricky part.
**Question**
So in essence, we want to hire a tester (our first QA person?). Someone who can go through all aspects of our system with a fine tooth comb and identify any bugs that the dev team may have missed. That, I'm sure, is very standard. However, the owner would also like this person to be able to understand the underlying business needs and also suggest refinements to the business processes, UI, etc... That last part is where I think things get trickier. I've never been in a company large enough to have its own dedicated QA team, so I'm not sure if this would be a standard part of a QA job. That's pretty much my question(s):
1. Is it "normal" (I know, dangerous qualifier) to expect a tester to also understand the underlying business needs, and therefore test not just the results of the code for bugs, but also test how suitable the overall results are for our business?
2. I'm wondering if perhaps I should just advertise for a QA/tester job, but specifically screen for candidates with experience in our industry, or who demonstrate an ability to do more than just follow a testing script?
3. It occurs to me that I might be falling victim to the X-Y problem, and what we need is something completely different than what I was asked for. We don't have an official "Product Owner". That's pretty much what the business owner has been doing. Maybe we need one of those and a tester? Or maybe a different process?
**To summarize though:** Is it reasonable to expect a tester to not just evaluate a program for bugs, but also evaluate for whether or not it is a good match to the business needs? If not, any suggestions on what it is that I'm looking for? | 2018/07/15 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/115887",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/71338/"
] | Sounds like you're looking for both a QA/Tester role and a product owner/BA
One person may get you part of the way there, but I doubt it'll be completely what you're looking for.
A good tester will think of surprising ways to break the system; things no normal person would come up with. They may raise a flag if they see something not ideal for the business.
A good PO/BA can turn the business processes into actionable requirements for the development team. That being said, they typically will test the system for issues before signing off. | Sounds like the owner wants a near-clone of himself to do this work. I doubt that the owner would describe himself as a Tester. So you're really looking for something beyond what a tester would normally be responsible for.
A risk to the business is that all valuable business knowledge and strategy is concentrated in one person -- the owner. This is clearly not uncommon in a small business scenario, but in hiring and training a single person to fill this role, you essentially transfer and concentrate that risk.
>
> 1. Is it "normal" (I know, dangerous qualifier) to expect a tester to also understand the underlying business needs, and therefore test not just the results of the code for bugs, but also test how suitable the overall results are for our business?
>
>
>
This is not normal or expected for a "Tester" role. Traditionally a tester will compare the actual result of behavior against the expected result as defined in a business requirement or the acceptance criteria of a user story.
In doing this the tester will consult subject matter experts from the technical and business sides of the organization. A good tester may, after some time with the organization, learn more about the product and industry and may not need to consult with experts as often. This requires dedication and time, however, and is not a guaranteed result.
>
> 2. I'm wondering if perhaps I should just advertise for a QA/tester job, but specifically screen for candidates with experience in our industry, or who demonstrate an ability to do more than just follow a testing script?
>
>
>
Anything that you find desirable in a candidate should be included in the job description. The more specific you can be about what you're looking for, the higher quality candidates you will find. There will always be candidates who don't read the job description, but you may find that applicants will self-select based on what you need, and present themselves closer to what you're hoping to find.
>
> 3. It occurs to me that I might be falling victim to the X-Y problem, and what we need is something completely different than what I was asked for. We don't have an official "Product Owner". That's pretty much what the business owner has been doing. Maybe we need one of those and a tester? Or maybe a different process?
>
>
>
Yes, I think this is spot on -- it sounds like the owner's definition of Tester is different than the industry's. To mitigate the single-person risk I mention above, you'll want to take a team-based approach to this.
**Hire a person who can do the hands-on work of testing, but spread the knowledge and skill of the owner across the entire team.** |
115,887 | **Background**
The owner of the company asked me to hire a "Tester" (we were not originally a tech company, but I was hired to help build a development team and produce a new tech product for our business). We don't have a dedicated QA division currently. Of course, our development team has its own internal review process, and we have our own best practices related to unit and integration tests to make sure things are working before they leave our desk. After things look good on our end we hand them over to the owner who tests everything systematically and extensively, not just for simple bugs, but also to look out for any ways the results might be improved from a business perspective.
That last part is important. Everything starts with the owner explaining how the system needs to work (we're effectively automating large parts of the business). It's all his brain child, and he's an expert in his industry. We use our own experience to work with him to refine the ideas and try to come up with the best solution for the company. Often though once the pieces get all put together and he starts testing things, he comes up with changes for us that aren't the result of bugs but simply the result of him seeing things in action and therefore having better insight into what the company needs.
To be clear, I don't have a problem with this process - after all this is pretty much just the whole idea behind agile development anyway. The final product is never far from the original draft, so its not like we're wasting lots of time. However, the owner has basically been our QA team through this process. He's been happy to do this up until now (he's really been the only person who could), but now he's ready to hand over the reigns to someone else and have more time for other parts of the business. As a result, he asked me to hire a tester. However, as I thought about it, I realized that he does more than just testing - in particular evaluating how well it fits the business needs and refining things with another round of development. That's the tricky part.
**Question**
So in essence, we want to hire a tester (our first QA person?). Someone who can go through all aspects of our system with a fine tooth comb and identify any bugs that the dev team may have missed. That, I'm sure, is very standard. However, the owner would also like this person to be able to understand the underlying business needs and also suggest refinements to the business processes, UI, etc... That last part is where I think things get trickier. I've never been in a company large enough to have its own dedicated QA team, so I'm not sure if this would be a standard part of a QA job. That's pretty much my question(s):
1. Is it "normal" (I know, dangerous qualifier) to expect a tester to also understand the underlying business needs, and therefore test not just the results of the code for bugs, but also test how suitable the overall results are for our business?
2. I'm wondering if perhaps I should just advertise for a QA/tester job, but specifically screen for candidates with experience in our industry, or who demonstrate an ability to do more than just follow a testing script?
3. It occurs to me that I might be falling victim to the X-Y problem, and what we need is something completely different than what I was asked for. We don't have an official "Product Owner". That's pretty much what the business owner has been doing. Maybe we need one of those and a tester? Or maybe a different process?
**To summarize though:** Is it reasonable to expect a tester to not just evaluate a program for bugs, but also evaluate for whether or not it is a good match to the business needs? If not, any suggestions on what it is that I'm looking for? | 2018/07/15 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/115887",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/71338/"
] | >
> Is it reasonable to expect a tester to not just evaluate a program for
> bugs, but also evaluate for whether or not it is a good match to the
> business needs? If not, any suggestions on what it is that I'm looking
> for?
>
>
>
Certainly it's reasonable. But I see a few obstacles:
* You describe this person as a "Tester". Most testers just test. A professional QA Engineer however, could be involved in all aspects of the development cycle - from reviewing and clarifying the requirements, to testing iterations of development work, to final system testing, handling any Beta period, and even ongoing testing in Production.
* You seem to anticipate a waterfall approach where a completed project or cycle is handed over to this Tester for a final check just before going to Production. That's possible, but it's also extremely late in the process for validating against requirements. How much effort do you want to throw away if your developers were unclear on the business requirements and developed the wrong solution?
* You mention that "everything start with the owner" and it's all "his brain child". Perhaps that also means that nothing is written down? If you expect this Tester to understand the requirements as well as the Owner, then the two must spend significant time together, or find some other effective mechanism to transfer knowledge of the requirements.
* Testers can be inexpensive. QA Engineers with deep domain knowledge and abilities are far more expensive.
* Every company where I have ever worked defines "agile development" differently. Make sure yours is very well defined before you try to change it by inserting a Tester into the process.
My advice would be to hire a contractor or two first to learn what a Tester can actually do for you. You may need to go through several as you clarify the role, expectations, and time allotted within your development cycles. | I'm a Tester. Your questions are legitimate. Your questions are the core of my day to day activities.
**1**
Yes, any competent QA Analyst **MUST** understand the need for the product to exist. To be able to test, she must also understand, at least at a high level, not necessarily in implementation detail, **HOW** your product achieves it's purpose. To do that she can employ a plethora of methods that are part of her trade. She can profile user types, build use cases, test scenarios, derive test cases from exposed functionality, automate regressions etc. But that's her job, not yours.
Furthermore, a QA Analyst must also understand who the stakeholders of a product are and what their needs are. The end user is not always the only user a product has. A Project Manager will have different needs from a QA person than for example the Front End developer. A good tester knows this and prepares procedures and artefacts to handle most of the needs of key product stakeholders.
Despite what generalist approaches like ISTQB teach people, testers don't just build test cases and run them like mindless automatons. We need to work together with different teams to set up test environments, understand business logic, gather usage data, put monitoring processes in place, build risk based analysis on our product under test, disseminate results, gather feedback about our actions, archive artefacts and save them for later use.
**2**
Dont. Don't hire a person based solely on their perceived technical attributes or experience in your industry. Your assessment of her testing abilities will most likely be flawed, as you apparently have no experience in evaluating the competence of a tester. Furthermore, domain knowledge is not knowledge of testing, unless you find someone that did exactly what you need them to do for another company. And even then, that person might not match your team.
Instead, I'd suggest you hire a competent tester that is willing to learn the trade of your company.
I can only provide my own personal experience here. I went from testing Java based games on phones, to testing webhosting selling sites, to testing bluetooth devices in cars, then doing security audits for exotic Operating Systems, testing the bluetooth stack on Android Intel phones, testing backup and recovery systems for a huge hosting company, testing fresh vegetable sorting machine and finally testing secure routers.
To me testing is testing, it employs the same mental abilities in any company I worked for. Technical abilities can be learned, environments can be built, knowledge can be gathered and leveraged, but the inquisitive and critical thinking required to find problems stays the same everywhere I go.
**3**
IMO the problem here is your perceived lack of competence in evaluating what a "good" tester would be. I couldn't give you advice here, your perception is your own. If I were you I'd try to find a tester that is a good fit for your team, that has some domain knowledge and is willing to learn about your trade. |
115,887 | **Background**
The owner of the company asked me to hire a "Tester" (we were not originally a tech company, but I was hired to help build a development team and produce a new tech product for our business). We don't have a dedicated QA division currently. Of course, our development team has its own internal review process, and we have our own best practices related to unit and integration tests to make sure things are working before they leave our desk. After things look good on our end we hand them over to the owner who tests everything systematically and extensively, not just for simple bugs, but also to look out for any ways the results might be improved from a business perspective.
That last part is important. Everything starts with the owner explaining how the system needs to work (we're effectively automating large parts of the business). It's all his brain child, and he's an expert in his industry. We use our own experience to work with him to refine the ideas and try to come up with the best solution for the company. Often though once the pieces get all put together and he starts testing things, he comes up with changes for us that aren't the result of bugs but simply the result of him seeing things in action and therefore having better insight into what the company needs.
To be clear, I don't have a problem with this process - after all this is pretty much just the whole idea behind agile development anyway. The final product is never far from the original draft, so its not like we're wasting lots of time. However, the owner has basically been our QA team through this process. He's been happy to do this up until now (he's really been the only person who could), but now he's ready to hand over the reigns to someone else and have more time for other parts of the business. As a result, he asked me to hire a tester. However, as I thought about it, I realized that he does more than just testing - in particular evaluating how well it fits the business needs and refining things with another round of development. That's the tricky part.
**Question**
So in essence, we want to hire a tester (our first QA person?). Someone who can go through all aspects of our system with a fine tooth comb and identify any bugs that the dev team may have missed. That, I'm sure, is very standard. However, the owner would also like this person to be able to understand the underlying business needs and also suggest refinements to the business processes, UI, etc... That last part is where I think things get trickier. I've never been in a company large enough to have its own dedicated QA team, so I'm not sure if this would be a standard part of a QA job. That's pretty much my question(s):
1. Is it "normal" (I know, dangerous qualifier) to expect a tester to also understand the underlying business needs, and therefore test not just the results of the code for bugs, but also test how suitable the overall results are for our business?
2. I'm wondering if perhaps I should just advertise for a QA/tester job, but specifically screen for candidates with experience in our industry, or who demonstrate an ability to do more than just follow a testing script?
3. It occurs to me that I might be falling victim to the X-Y problem, and what we need is something completely different than what I was asked for. We don't have an official "Product Owner". That's pretty much what the business owner has been doing. Maybe we need one of those and a tester? Or maybe a different process?
**To summarize though:** Is it reasonable to expect a tester to not just evaluate a program for bugs, but also evaluate for whether or not it is a good match to the business needs? If not, any suggestions on what it is that I'm looking for? | 2018/07/15 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/115887",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/71338/"
] | >
> Is it reasonable to expect a tester to not just evaluate a program for
> bugs, but also evaluate for whether or not it is a good match to the
> business needs? If not, any suggestions on what it is that I'm looking
> for?
>
>
>
Certainly it's reasonable. But I see a few obstacles:
* You describe this person as a "Tester". Most testers just test. A professional QA Engineer however, could be involved in all aspects of the development cycle - from reviewing and clarifying the requirements, to testing iterations of development work, to final system testing, handling any Beta period, and even ongoing testing in Production.
* You seem to anticipate a waterfall approach where a completed project or cycle is handed over to this Tester for a final check just before going to Production. That's possible, but it's also extremely late in the process for validating against requirements. How much effort do you want to throw away if your developers were unclear on the business requirements and developed the wrong solution?
* You mention that "everything start with the owner" and it's all "his brain child". Perhaps that also means that nothing is written down? If you expect this Tester to understand the requirements as well as the Owner, then the two must spend significant time together, or find some other effective mechanism to transfer knowledge of the requirements.
* Testers can be inexpensive. QA Engineers with deep domain knowledge and abilities are far more expensive.
* Every company where I have ever worked defines "agile development" differently. Make sure yours is very well defined before you try to change it by inserting a Tester into the process.
My advice would be to hire a contractor or two first to learn what a Tester can actually do for you. You may need to go through several as you clarify the role, expectations, and time allotted within your development cycles. | My answer references great testers and won't apply to average ones. I've worked in QA for 10+ years with 5 different companies (main jobs and side projects). I've also worked on established teams and others I've had to build from scratch.
>
> Is it [realistic] to expect a tester to also understand the underlying business needs, and therefore test not just the results of the code for bugs, but also test how suitable the overall results are for our business?
>
>
>
I replaced "normal" with "realistic" as it's less subjective. Testers do this in many different types of industries. With video games, as a tester I entered issues I wouldn't like as a user; so less bugs and more usability. When I worked for a company that provided inventory tracking, they hired testers internally from the business side. As the sole QA person with previous experience, it was my job to remind them keep looking at the business side and also have them develop their testing skills. There are plenty of other examples.
With the small size of the company, it sounds like you're looking for an experienced QA professional who is a fast learner. Potentially they are already in the industry. The expectation to set is that they would need to enter business issues as well as the regular bugs. One thing to screen for is their process for ensuring the business testing is met. Among other things, I'd expect a mention of UAT. Setting aside an hour of the owner's time for a semi-guided walkthrough of new features should happen.
>
> I'm wondering if perhaps I should just advertise for a QA/tester job, but specifically screen for candidates with experience in our industry...?
>
>
>
You should do this for the reasons I mentioned earlier, but also advertise for candidates with 'recommended' experience in the industry. Unless it's a highly complex industry, I'd personally shy away from it being a hard requirement. I've met plenty of top notch testers who could come in with no previous experience and pick it up. There may be a greater learning curve in this case though, with a greater payoff in the back end.
>
> ...or who demonstrate an ability to do more than just follow a testing script?
>
>
>
This is a base level requirement of any tester I look to hire. Especially at a small company, you need versatile employees. Automated testing follows a script so a human should be able to do much more.
>
> It occurs to me that I might be falling victim to the X-Y problem, and what we need is something completely different than what I was asked for. We don't have an official "Product Owner". That's pretty much what the business owner has been doing. Maybe we need one of those and a tester? Or maybe a different process?
>
>
>
With the info provided, I believe you need an experienced tester. That all is subject to change based on company factors. Highly complex and specialized business? Low budget? Maybe you hire a PO/BA and a QA member.
>
> To summarize though: Is it reasonable to expect a tester to not just evaluate a program for bugs, but also evaluate for whether or not it is a good match to the business needs? If not, any suggestions on what it is that I'm looking for?
>
>
>
It is reasonable. Just advertise the position accurately to find exactly what you're looking for. |
115,887 | **Background**
The owner of the company asked me to hire a "Tester" (we were not originally a tech company, but I was hired to help build a development team and produce a new tech product for our business). We don't have a dedicated QA division currently. Of course, our development team has its own internal review process, and we have our own best practices related to unit and integration tests to make sure things are working before they leave our desk. After things look good on our end we hand them over to the owner who tests everything systematically and extensively, not just for simple bugs, but also to look out for any ways the results might be improved from a business perspective.
That last part is important. Everything starts with the owner explaining how the system needs to work (we're effectively automating large parts of the business). It's all his brain child, and he's an expert in his industry. We use our own experience to work with him to refine the ideas and try to come up with the best solution for the company. Often though once the pieces get all put together and he starts testing things, he comes up with changes for us that aren't the result of bugs but simply the result of him seeing things in action and therefore having better insight into what the company needs.
To be clear, I don't have a problem with this process - after all this is pretty much just the whole idea behind agile development anyway. The final product is never far from the original draft, so its not like we're wasting lots of time. However, the owner has basically been our QA team through this process. He's been happy to do this up until now (he's really been the only person who could), but now he's ready to hand over the reigns to someone else and have more time for other parts of the business. As a result, he asked me to hire a tester. However, as I thought about it, I realized that he does more than just testing - in particular evaluating how well it fits the business needs and refining things with another round of development. That's the tricky part.
**Question**
So in essence, we want to hire a tester (our first QA person?). Someone who can go through all aspects of our system with a fine tooth comb and identify any bugs that the dev team may have missed. That, I'm sure, is very standard. However, the owner would also like this person to be able to understand the underlying business needs and also suggest refinements to the business processes, UI, etc... That last part is where I think things get trickier. I've never been in a company large enough to have its own dedicated QA team, so I'm not sure if this would be a standard part of a QA job. That's pretty much my question(s):
1. Is it "normal" (I know, dangerous qualifier) to expect a tester to also understand the underlying business needs, and therefore test not just the results of the code for bugs, but also test how suitable the overall results are for our business?
2. I'm wondering if perhaps I should just advertise for a QA/tester job, but specifically screen for candidates with experience in our industry, or who demonstrate an ability to do more than just follow a testing script?
3. It occurs to me that I might be falling victim to the X-Y problem, and what we need is something completely different than what I was asked for. We don't have an official "Product Owner". That's pretty much what the business owner has been doing. Maybe we need one of those and a tester? Or maybe a different process?
**To summarize though:** Is it reasonable to expect a tester to not just evaluate a program for bugs, but also evaluate for whether or not it is a good match to the business needs? If not, any suggestions on what it is that I'm looking for? | 2018/07/15 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/115887",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/71338/"
] | Sounds like you're looking for both a QA/Tester role and a product owner/BA
One person may get you part of the way there, but I doubt it'll be completely what you're looking for.
A good tester will think of surprising ways to break the system; things no normal person would come up with. They may raise a flag if they see something not ideal for the business.
A good PO/BA can turn the business processes into actionable requirements for the development team. That being said, they typically will test the system for issues before signing off. | My answer references great testers and won't apply to average ones. I've worked in QA for 10+ years with 5 different companies (main jobs and side projects). I've also worked on established teams and others I've had to build from scratch.
>
> Is it [realistic] to expect a tester to also understand the underlying business needs, and therefore test not just the results of the code for bugs, but also test how suitable the overall results are for our business?
>
>
>
I replaced "normal" with "realistic" as it's less subjective. Testers do this in many different types of industries. With video games, as a tester I entered issues I wouldn't like as a user; so less bugs and more usability. When I worked for a company that provided inventory tracking, they hired testers internally from the business side. As the sole QA person with previous experience, it was my job to remind them keep looking at the business side and also have them develop their testing skills. There are plenty of other examples.
With the small size of the company, it sounds like you're looking for an experienced QA professional who is a fast learner. Potentially they are already in the industry. The expectation to set is that they would need to enter business issues as well as the regular bugs. One thing to screen for is their process for ensuring the business testing is met. Among other things, I'd expect a mention of UAT. Setting aside an hour of the owner's time for a semi-guided walkthrough of new features should happen.
>
> I'm wondering if perhaps I should just advertise for a QA/tester job, but specifically screen for candidates with experience in our industry...?
>
>
>
You should do this for the reasons I mentioned earlier, but also advertise for candidates with 'recommended' experience in the industry. Unless it's a highly complex industry, I'd personally shy away from it being a hard requirement. I've met plenty of top notch testers who could come in with no previous experience and pick it up. There may be a greater learning curve in this case though, with a greater payoff in the back end.
>
> ...or who demonstrate an ability to do more than just follow a testing script?
>
>
>
This is a base level requirement of any tester I look to hire. Especially at a small company, you need versatile employees. Automated testing follows a script so a human should be able to do much more.
>
> It occurs to me that I might be falling victim to the X-Y problem, and what we need is something completely different than what I was asked for. We don't have an official "Product Owner". That's pretty much what the business owner has been doing. Maybe we need one of those and a tester? Or maybe a different process?
>
>
>
With the info provided, I believe you need an experienced tester. That all is subject to change based on company factors. Highly complex and specialized business? Low budget? Maybe you hire a PO/BA and a QA member.
>
> To summarize though: Is it reasonable to expect a tester to not just evaluate a program for bugs, but also evaluate for whether or not it is a good match to the business needs? If not, any suggestions on what it is that I'm looking for?
>
>
>
It is reasonable. Just advertise the position accurately to find exactly what you're looking for. |
115,887 | **Background**
The owner of the company asked me to hire a "Tester" (we were not originally a tech company, but I was hired to help build a development team and produce a new tech product for our business). We don't have a dedicated QA division currently. Of course, our development team has its own internal review process, and we have our own best practices related to unit and integration tests to make sure things are working before they leave our desk. After things look good on our end we hand them over to the owner who tests everything systematically and extensively, not just for simple bugs, but also to look out for any ways the results might be improved from a business perspective.
That last part is important. Everything starts with the owner explaining how the system needs to work (we're effectively automating large parts of the business). It's all his brain child, and he's an expert in his industry. We use our own experience to work with him to refine the ideas and try to come up with the best solution for the company. Often though once the pieces get all put together and he starts testing things, he comes up with changes for us that aren't the result of bugs but simply the result of him seeing things in action and therefore having better insight into what the company needs.
To be clear, I don't have a problem with this process - after all this is pretty much just the whole idea behind agile development anyway. The final product is never far from the original draft, so its not like we're wasting lots of time. However, the owner has basically been our QA team through this process. He's been happy to do this up until now (he's really been the only person who could), but now he's ready to hand over the reigns to someone else and have more time for other parts of the business. As a result, he asked me to hire a tester. However, as I thought about it, I realized that he does more than just testing - in particular evaluating how well it fits the business needs and refining things with another round of development. That's the tricky part.
**Question**
So in essence, we want to hire a tester (our first QA person?). Someone who can go through all aspects of our system with a fine tooth comb and identify any bugs that the dev team may have missed. That, I'm sure, is very standard. However, the owner would also like this person to be able to understand the underlying business needs and also suggest refinements to the business processes, UI, etc... That last part is where I think things get trickier. I've never been in a company large enough to have its own dedicated QA team, so I'm not sure if this would be a standard part of a QA job. That's pretty much my question(s):
1. Is it "normal" (I know, dangerous qualifier) to expect a tester to also understand the underlying business needs, and therefore test not just the results of the code for bugs, but also test how suitable the overall results are for our business?
2. I'm wondering if perhaps I should just advertise for a QA/tester job, but specifically screen for candidates with experience in our industry, or who demonstrate an ability to do more than just follow a testing script?
3. It occurs to me that I might be falling victim to the X-Y problem, and what we need is something completely different than what I was asked for. We don't have an official "Product Owner". That's pretty much what the business owner has been doing. Maybe we need one of those and a tester? Or maybe a different process?
**To summarize though:** Is it reasonable to expect a tester to not just evaluate a program for bugs, but also evaluate for whether or not it is a good match to the business needs? If not, any suggestions on what it is that I'm looking for? | 2018/07/15 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/115887",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/71338/"
] | I'm a Tester. Your questions are legitimate. Your questions are the core of my day to day activities.
**1**
Yes, any competent QA Analyst **MUST** understand the need for the product to exist. To be able to test, she must also understand, at least at a high level, not necessarily in implementation detail, **HOW** your product achieves it's purpose. To do that she can employ a plethora of methods that are part of her trade. She can profile user types, build use cases, test scenarios, derive test cases from exposed functionality, automate regressions etc. But that's her job, not yours.
Furthermore, a QA Analyst must also understand who the stakeholders of a product are and what their needs are. The end user is not always the only user a product has. A Project Manager will have different needs from a QA person than for example the Front End developer. A good tester knows this and prepares procedures and artefacts to handle most of the needs of key product stakeholders.
Despite what generalist approaches like ISTQB teach people, testers don't just build test cases and run them like mindless automatons. We need to work together with different teams to set up test environments, understand business logic, gather usage data, put monitoring processes in place, build risk based analysis on our product under test, disseminate results, gather feedback about our actions, archive artefacts and save them for later use.
**2**
Dont. Don't hire a person based solely on their perceived technical attributes or experience in your industry. Your assessment of her testing abilities will most likely be flawed, as you apparently have no experience in evaluating the competence of a tester. Furthermore, domain knowledge is not knowledge of testing, unless you find someone that did exactly what you need them to do for another company. And even then, that person might not match your team.
Instead, I'd suggest you hire a competent tester that is willing to learn the trade of your company.
I can only provide my own personal experience here. I went from testing Java based games on phones, to testing webhosting selling sites, to testing bluetooth devices in cars, then doing security audits for exotic Operating Systems, testing the bluetooth stack on Android Intel phones, testing backup and recovery systems for a huge hosting company, testing fresh vegetable sorting machine and finally testing secure routers.
To me testing is testing, it employs the same mental abilities in any company I worked for. Technical abilities can be learned, environments can be built, knowledge can be gathered and leveraged, but the inquisitive and critical thinking required to find problems stays the same everywhere I go.
**3**
IMO the problem here is your perceived lack of competence in evaluating what a "good" tester would be. I couldn't give you advice here, your perception is your own. If I were you I'd try to find a tester that is a good fit for your team, that has some domain knowledge and is willing to learn about your trade. | My answer references great testers and won't apply to average ones. I've worked in QA for 10+ years with 5 different companies (main jobs and side projects). I've also worked on established teams and others I've had to build from scratch.
>
> Is it [realistic] to expect a tester to also understand the underlying business needs, and therefore test not just the results of the code for bugs, but also test how suitable the overall results are for our business?
>
>
>
I replaced "normal" with "realistic" as it's less subjective. Testers do this in many different types of industries. With video games, as a tester I entered issues I wouldn't like as a user; so less bugs and more usability. When I worked for a company that provided inventory tracking, they hired testers internally from the business side. As the sole QA person with previous experience, it was my job to remind them keep looking at the business side and also have them develop their testing skills. There are plenty of other examples.
With the small size of the company, it sounds like you're looking for an experienced QA professional who is a fast learner. Potentially they are already in the industry. The expectation to set is that they would need to enter business issues as well as the regular bugs. One thing to screen for is their process for ensuring the business testing is met. Among other things, I'd expect a mention of UAT. Setting aside an hour of the owner's time for a semi-guided walkthrough of new features should happen.
>
> I'm wondering if perhaps I should just advertise for a QA/tester job, but specifically screen for candidates with experience in our industry...?
>
>
>
You should do this for the reasons I mentioned earlier, but also advertise for candidates with 'recommended' experience in the industry. Unless it's a highly complex industry, I'd personally shy away from it being a hard requirement. I've met plenty of top notch testers who could come in with no previous experience and pick it up. There may be a greater learning curve in this case though, with a greater payoff in the back end.
>
> ...or who demonstrate an ability to do more than just follow a testing script?
>
>
>
This is a base level requirement of any tester I look to hire. Especially at a small company, you need versatile employees. Automated testing follows a script so a human should be able to do much more.
>
> It occurs to me that I might be falling victim to the X-Y problem, and what we need is something completely different than what I was asked for. We don't have an official "Product Owner". That's pretty much what the business owner has been doing. Maybe we need one of those and a tester? Or maybe a different process?
>
>
>
With the info provided, I believe you need an experienced tester. That all is subject to change based on company factors. Highly complex and specialized business? Low budget? Maybe you hire a PO/BA and a QA member.
>
> To summarize though: Is it reasonable to expect a tester to not just evaluate a program for bugs, but also evaluate for whether or not it is a good match to the business needs? If not, any suggestions on what it is that I'm looking for?
>
>
>
It is reasonable. Just advertise the position accurately to find exactly what you're looking for. |
115,887 | **Background**
The owner of the company asked me to hire a "Tester" (we were not originally a tech company, but I was hired to help build a development team and produce a new tech product for our business). We don't have a dedicated QA division currently. Of course, our development team has its own internal review process, and we have our own best practices related to unit and integration tests to make sure things are working before they leave our desk. After things look good on our end we hand them over to the owner who tests everything systematically and extensively, not just for simple bugs, but also to look out for any ways the results might be improved from a business perspective.
That last part is important. Everything starts with the owner explaining how the system needs to work (we're effectively automating large parts of the business). It's all his brain child, and he's an expert in his industry. We use our own experience to work with him to refine the ideas and try to come up with the best solution for the company. Often though once the pieces get all put together and he starts testing things, he comes up with changes for us that aren't the result of bugs but simply the result of him seeing things in action and therefore having better insight into what the company needs.
To be clear, I don't have a problem with this process - after all this is pretty much just the whole idea behind agile development anyway. The final product is never far from the original draft, so its not like we're wasting lots of time. However, the owner has basically been our QA team through this process. He's been happy to do this up until now (he's really been the only person who could), but now he's ready to hand over the reigns to someone else and have more time for other parts of the business. As a result, he asked me to hire a tester. However, as I thought about it, I realized that he does more than just testing - in particular evaluating how well it fits the business needs and refining things with another round of development. That's the tricky part.
**Question**
So in essence, we want to hire a tester (our first QA person?). Someone who can go through all aspects of our system with a fine tooth comb and identify any bugs that the dev team may have missed. That, I'm sure, is very standard. However, the owner would also like this person to be able to understand the underlying business needs and also suggest refinements to the business processes, UI, etc... That last part is where I think things get trickier. I've never been in a company large enough to have its own dedicated QA team, so I'm not sure if this would be a standard part of a QA job. That's pretty much my question(s):
1. Is it "normal" (I know, dangerous qualifier) to expect a tester to also understand the underlying business needs, and therefore test not just the results of the code for bugs, but also test how suitable the overall results are for our business?
2. I'm wondering if perhaps I should just advertise for a QA/tester job, but specifically screen for candidates with experience in our industry, or who demonstrate an ability to do more than just follow a testing script?
3. It occurs to me that I might be falling victim to the X-Y problem, and what we need is something completely different than what I was asked for. We don't have an official "Product Owner". That's pretty much what the business owner has been doing. Maybe we need one of those and a tester? Or maybe a different process?
**To summarize though:** Is it reasonable to expect a tester to not just evaluate a program for bugs, but also evaluate for whether or not it is a good match to the business needs? If not, any suggestions on what it is that I'm looking for? | 2018/07/15 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/115887",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/71338/"
] | Sounds like you're looking for both a QA/Tester role and a product owner/BA
One person may get you part of the way there, but I doubt it'll be completely what you're looking for.
A good tester will think of surprising ways to break the system; things no normal person would come up with. They may raise a flag if they see something not ideal for the business.
A good PO/BA can turn the business processes into actionable requirements for the development team. That being said, they typically will test the system for issues before signing off. | I'm a Tester. Your questions are legitimate. Your questions are the core of my day to day activities.
**1**
Yes, any competent QA Analyst **MUST** understand the need for the product to exist. To be able to test, she must also understand, at least at a high level, not necessarily in implementation detail, **HOW** your product achieves it's purpose. To do that she can employ a plethora of methods that are part of her trade. She can profile user types, build use cases, test scenarios, derive test cases from exposed functionality, automate regressions etc. But that's her job, not yours.
Furthermore, a QA Analyst must also understand who the stakeholders of a product are and what their needs are. The end user is not always the only user a product has. A Project Manager will have different needs from a QA person than for example the Front End developer. A good tester knows this and prepares procedures and artefacts to handle most of the needs of key product stakeholders.
Despite what generalist approaches like ISTQB teach people, testers don't just build test cases and run them like mindless automatons. We need to work together with different teams to set up test environments, understand business logic, gather usage data, put monitoring processes in place, build risk based analysis on our product under test, disseminate results, gather feedback about our actions, archive artefacts and save them for later use.
**2**
Dont. Don't hire a person based solely on their perceived technical attributes or experience in your industry. Your assessment of her testing abilities will most likely be flawed, as you apparently have no experience in evaluating the competence of a tester. Furthermore, domain knowledge is not knowledge of testing, unless you find someone that did exactly what you need them to do for another company. And even then, that person might not match your team.
Instead, I'd suggest you hire a competent tester that is willing to learn the trade of your company.
I can only provide my own personal experience here. I went from testing Java based games on phones, to testing webhosting selling sites, to testing bluetooth devices in cars, then doing security audits for exotic Operating Systems, testing the bluetooth stack on Android Intel phones, testing backup and recovery systems for a huge hosting company, testing fresh vegetable sorting machine and finally testing secure routers.
To me testing is testing, it employs the same mental abilities in any company I worked for. Technical abilities can be learned, environments can be built, knowledge can be gathered and leveraged, but the inquisitive and critical thinking required to find problems stays the same everywhere I go.
**3**
IMO the problem here is your perceived lack of competence in evaluating what a "good" tester would be. I couldn't give you advice here, your perception is your own. If I were you I'd try to find a tester that is a good fit for your team, that has some domain knowledge and is willing to learn about your trade. |
115,887 | **Background**
The owner of the company asked me to hire a "Tester" (we were not originally a tech company, but I was hired to help build a development team and produce a new tech product for our business). We don't have a dedicated QA division currently. Of course, our development team has its own internal review process, and we have our own best practices related to unit and integration tests to make sure things are working before they leave our desk. After things look good on our end we hand them over to the owner who tests everything systematically and extensively, not just for simple bugs, but also to look out for any ways the results might be improved from a business perspective.
That last part is important. Everything starts with the owner explaining how the system needs to work (we're effectively automating large parts of the business). It's all his brain child, and he's an expert in his industry. We use our own experience to work with him to refine the ideas and try to come up with the best solution for the company. Often though once the pieces get all put together and he starts testing things, he comes up with changes for us that aren't the result of bugs but simply the result of him seeing things in action and therefore having better insight into what the company needs.
To be clear, I don't have a problem with this process - after all this is pretty much just the whole idea behind agile development anyway. The final product is never far from the original draft, so its not like we're wasting lots of time. However, the owner has basically been our QA team through this process. He's been happy to do this up until now (he's really been the only person who could), but now he's ready to hand over the reigns to someone else and have more time for other parts of the business. As a result, he asked me to hire a tester. However, as I thought about it, I realized that he does more than just testing - in particular evaluating how well it fits the business needs and refining things with another round of development. That's the tricky part.
**Question**
So in essence, we want to hire a tester (our first QA person?). Someone who can go through all aspects of our system with a fine tooth comb and identify any bugs that the dev team may have missed. That, I'm sure, is very standard. However, the owner would also like this person to be able to understand the underlying business needs and also suggest refinements to the business processes, UI, etc... That last part is where I think things get trickier. I've never been in a company large enough to have its own dedicated QA team, so I'm not sure if this would be a standard part of a QA job. That's pretty much my question(s):
1. Is it "normal" (I know, dangerous qualifier) to expect a tester to also understand the underlying business needs, and therefore test not just the results of the code for bugs, but also test how suitable the overall results are for our business?
2. I'm wondering if perhaps I should just advertise for a QA/tester job, but specifically screen for candidates with experience in our industry, or who demonstrate an ability to do more than just follow a testing script?
3. It occurs to me that I might be falling victim to the X-Y problem, and what we need is something completely different than what I was asked for. We don't have an official "Product Owner". That's pretty much what the business owner has been doing. Maybe we need one of those and a tester? Or maybe a different process?
**To summarize though:** Is it reasonable to expect a tester to not just evaluate a program for bugs, but also evaluate for whether or not it is a good match to the business needs? If not, any suggestions on what it is that I'm looking for? | 2018/07/15 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/115887",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/71338/"
] | I'm a Tester. Your questions are legitimate. Your questions are the core of my day to day activities.
**1**
Yes, any competent QA Analyst **MUST** understand the need for the product to exist. To be able to test, she must also understand, at least at a high level, not necessarily in implementation detail, **HOW** your product achieves it's purpose. To do that she can employ a plethora of methods that are part of her trade. She can profile user types, build use cases, test scenarios, derive test cases from exposed functionality, automate regressions etc. But that's her job, not yours.
Furthermore, a QA Analyst must also understand who the stakeholders of a product are and what their needs are. The end user is not always the only user a product has. A Project Manager will have different needs from a QA person than for example the Front End developer. A good tester knows this and prepares procedures and artefacts to handle most of the needs of key product stakeholders.
Despite what generalist approaches like ISTQB teach people, testers don't just build test cases and run them like mindless automatons. We need to work together with different teams to set up test environments, understand business logic, gather usage data, put monitoring processes in place, build risk based analysis on our product under test, disseminate results, gather feedback about our actions, archive artefacts and save them for later use.
**2**
Dont. Don't hire a person based solely on their perceived technical attributes or experience in your industry. Your assessment of her testing abilities will most likely be flawed, as you apparently have no experience in evaluating the competence of a tester. Furthermore, domain knowledge is not knowledge of testing, unless you find someone that did exactly what you need them to do for another company. And even then, that person might not match your team.
Instead, I'd suggest you hire a competent tester that is willing to learn the trade of your company.
I can only provide my own personal experience here. I went from testing Java based games on phones, to testing webhosting selling sites, to testing bluetooth devices in cars, then doing security audits for exotic Operating Systems, testing the bluetooth stack on Android Intel phones, testing backup and recovery systems for a huge hosting company, testing fresh vegetable sorting machine and finally testing secure routers.
To me testing is testing, it employs the same mental abilities in any company I worked for. Technical abilities can be learned, environments can be built, knowledge can be gathered and leveraged, but the inquisitive and critical thinking required to find problems stays the same everywhere I go.
**3**
IMO the problem here is your perceived lack of competence in evaluating what a "good" tester would be. I couldn't give you advice here, your perception is your own. If I were you I'd try to find a tester that is a good fit for your team, that has some domain knowledge and is willing to learn about your trade. | >
> Is it "normal" (I know, dangerous qualifier) to expect a tester to also understand the underlying business needs, and therefore test not just the results of the code for bugs, but also test how suitable the overall results are for our business?
>
>
>
To some extent - yes. What, after all, is a bug? When the software is not producing the correct / intended / expected results. In any given case, what is the correct result? To answer that requires domain knowledge.
There are limits to that expectation, of course. If software is to be used in the finance industry for example, and your testers are expected to have all the skills and qualifications needed to know the laws and regulations involved in finance - why are they testers at all, on 1/10th of the income they could be on if they just worked in finance? In such a case, you'll either need to accept your testers can't and won't cover everything, or you'll need someone with the relevant qualifications who is prepared to test (and pay them accordingly).
>
> I'm wondering if perhaps I should just advertise for a QA/tester job, but specifically screen for candidates with experience in our industry, or who demonstrate an ability to do more than just follow a testing script?
>
>
>
It sounds to me like you need an experienced senior tester - definitely with more skills than "just following a testing script". They will need experience either in the industry itself, or in requirements gathering and software design.
On a philosophical side note, I believe testers who "just follow a testing script" will no longer exist in a few years. A "testing script" is just an automation test in disguise; why pay someone to follow a script manually when the automation test can be run for free, automatically, every night or after every check-in? Testers will either need domain and/or design knowledge as alluded to above, or the ability to write automation tests (or both).
>
> It occurs to me that I might be falling victim to the X-Y problem, and what we need is something completely different than what I was asked for.
>
>
>
Possibly. You may well need a Product Owner / Business Analyst / something else, either now or at some point in the future.
From what you describe, though, a testing function would be useful and could be a big positive from the business. I suspect, though, that "a tester" might not be enough to fulfill that testing function at the moment. Think of it more as a "QA Lead" - the start of a department - someone who's not just going to find bugs, but define the whole future of QA in your company. This may include (at some point) hiring more people to work under them, justifying the QA function to the rest of the company including the owner, having input into design, introducing an automation test suite, etc. It sounds to me that you'll want someone with experience and seniority. Explain the situation to them early in the hiring process - and don't try to be cheap. ;-) |
115,887 | **Background**
The owner of the company asked me to hire a "Tester" (we were not originally a tech company, but I was hired to help build a development team and produce a new tech product for our business). We don't have a dedicated QA division currently. Of course, our development team has its own internal review process, and we have our own best practices related to unit and integration tests to make sure things are working before they leave our desk. After things look good on our end we hand them over to the owner who tests everything systematically and extensively, not just for simple bugs, but also to look out for any ways the results might be improved from a business perspective.
That last part is important. Everything starts with the owner explaining how the system needs to work (we're effectively automating large parts of the business). It's all his brain child, and he's an expert in his industry. We use our own experience to work with him to refine the ideas and try to come up with the best solution for the company. Often though once the pieces get all put together and he starts testing things, he comes up with changes for us that aren't the result of bugs but simply the result of him seeing things in action and therefore having better insight into what the company needs.
To be clear, I don't have a problem with this process - after all this is pretty much just the whole idea behind agile development anyway. The final product is never far from the original draft, so its not like we're wasting lots of time. However, the owner has basically been our QA team through this process. He's been happy to do this up until now (he's really been the only person who could), but now he's ready to hand over the reigns to someone else and have more time for other parts of the business. As a result, he asked me to hire a tester. However, as I thought about it, I realized that he does more than just testing - in particular evaluating how well it fits the business needs and refining things with another round of development. That's the tricky part.
**Question**
So in essence, we want to hire a tester (our first QA person?). Someone who can go through all aspects of our system with a fine tooth comb and identify any bugs that the dev team may have missed. That, I'm sure, is very standard. However, the owner would also like this person to be able to understand the underlying business needs and also suggest refinements to the business processes, UI, etc... That last part is where I think things get trickier. I've never been in a company large enough to have its own dedicated QA team, so I'm not sure if this would be a standard part of a QA job. That's pretty much my question(s):
1. Is it "normal" (I know, dangerous qualifier) to expect a tester to also understand the underlying business needs, and therefore test not just the results of the code for bugs, but also test how suitable the overall results are for our business?
2. I'm wondering if perhaps I should just advertise for a QA/tester job, but specifically screen for candidates with experience in our industry, or who demonstrate an ability to do more than just follow a testing script?
3. It occurs to me that I might be falling victim to the X-Y problem, and what we need is something completely different than what I was asked for. We don't have an official "Product Owner". That's pretty much what the business owner has been doing. Maybe we need one of those and a tester? Or maybe a different process?
**To summarize though:** Is it reasonable to expect a tester to not just evaluate a program for bugs, but also evaluate for whether or not it is a good match to the business needs? If not, any suggestions on what it is that I'm looking for? | 2018/07/15 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/115887",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/71338/"
] | I'm a Tester. Your questions are legitimate. Your questions are the core of my day to day activities.
**1**
Yes, any competent QA Analyst **MUST** understand the need for the product to exist. To be able to test, she must also understand, at least at a high level, not necessarily in implementation detail, **HOW** your product achieves it's purpose. To do that she can employ a plethora of methods that are part of her trade. She can profile user types, build use cases, test scenarios, derive test cases from exposed functionality, automate regressions etc. But that's her job, not yours.
Furthermore, a QA Analyst must also understand who the stakeholders of a product are and what their needs are. The end user is not always the only user a product has. A Project Manager will have different needs from a QA person than for example the Front End developer. A good tester knows this and prepares procedures and artefacts to handle most of the needs of key product stakeholders.
Despite what generalist approaches like ISTQB teach people, testers don't just build test cases and run them like mindless automatons. We need to work together with different teams to set up test environments, understand business logic, gather usage data, put monitoring processes in place, build risk based analysis on our product under test, disseminate results, gather feedback about our actions, archive artefacts and save them for later use.
**2**
Dont. Don't hire a person based solely on their perceived technical attributes or experience in your industry. Your assessment of her testing abilities will most likely be flawed, as you apparently have no experience in evaluating the competence of a tester. Furthermore, domain knowledge is not knowledge of testing, unless you find someone that did exactly what you need them to do for another company. And even then, that person might not match your team.
Instead, I'd suggest you hire a competent tester that is willing to learn the trade of your company.
I can only provide my own personal experience here. I went from testing Java based games on phones, to testing webhosting selling sites, to testing bluetooth devices in cars, then doing security audits for exotic Operating Systems, testing the bluetooth stack on Android Intel phones, testing backup and recovery systems for a huge hosting company, testing fresh vegetable sorting machine and finally testing secure routers.
To me testing is testing, it employs the same mental abilities in any company I worked for. Technical abilities can be learned, environments can be built, knowledge can be gathered and leveraged, but the inquisitive and critical thinking required to find problems stays the same everywhere I go.
**3**
IMO the problem here is your perceived lack of competence in evaluating what a "good" tester would be. I couldn't give you advice here, your perception is your own. If I were you I'd try to find a tester that is a good fit for your team, that has some domain knowledge and is willing to learn about your trade. | Sounds like the owner wants a near-clone of himself to do this work. I doubt that the owner would describe himself as a Tester. So you're really looking for something beyond what a tester would normally be responsible for.
A risk to the business is that all valuable business knowledge and strategy is concentrated in one person -- the owner. This is clearly not uncommon in a small business scenario, but in hiring and training a single person to fill this role, you essentially transfer and concentrate that risk.
>
> 1. Is it "normal" (I know, dangerous qualifier) to expect a tester to also understand the underlying business needs, and therefore test not just the results of the code for bugs, but also test how suitable the overall results are for our business?
>
>
>
This is not normal or expected for a "Tester" role. Traditionally a tester will compare the actual result of behavior against the expected result as defined in a business requirement or the acceptance criteria of a user story.
In doing this the tester will consult subject matter experts from the technical and business sides of the organization. A good tester may, after some time with the organization, learn more about the product and industry and may not need to consult with experts as often. This requires dedication and time, however, and is not a guaranteed result.
>
> 2. I'm wondering if perhaps I should just advertise for a QA/tester job, but specifically screen for candidates with experience in our industry, or who demonstrate an ability to do more than just follow a testing script?
>
>
>
Anything that you find desirable in a candidate should be included in the job description. The more specific you can be about what you're looking for, the higher quality candidates you will find. There will always be candidates who don't read the job description, but you may find that applicants will self-select based on what you need, and present themselves closer to what you're hoping to find.
>
> 3. It occurs to me that I might be falling victim to the X-Y problem, and what we need is something completely different than what I was asked for. We don't have an official "Product Owner". That's pretty much what the business owner has been doing. Maybe we need one of those and a tester? Or maybe a different process?
>
>
>
Yes, I think this is spot on -- it sounds like the owner's definition of Tester is different than the industry's. To mitigate the single-person risk I mention above, you'll want to take a team-based approach to this.
**Hire a person who can do the hands-on work of testing, but spread the knowledge and skill of the owner across the entire team.** |
115,887 | **Background**
The owner of the company asked me to hire a "Tester" (we were not originally a tech company, but I was hired to help build a development team and produce a new tech product for our business). We don't have a dedicated QA division currently. Of course, our development team has its own internal review process, and we have our own best practices related to unit and integration tests to make sure things are working before they leave our desk. After things look good on our end we hand them over to the owner who tests everything systematically and extensively, not just for simple bugs, but also to look out for any ways the results might be improved from a business perspective.
That last part is important. Everything starts with the owner explaining how the system needs to work (we're effectively automating large parts of the business). It's all his brain child, and he's an expert in his industry. We use our own experience to work with him to refine the ideas and try to come up with the best solution for the company. Often though once the pieces get all put together and he starts testing things, he comes up with changes for us that aren't the result of bugs but simply the result of him seeing things in action and therefore having better insight into what the company needs.
To be clear, I don't have a problem with this process - after all this is pretty much just the whole idea behind agile development anyway. The final product is never far from the original draft, so its not like we're wasting lots of time. However, the owner has basically been our QA team through this process. He's been happy to do this up until now (he's really been the only person who could), but now he's ready to hand over the reigns to someone else and have more time for other parts of the business. As a result, he asked me to hire a tester. However, as I thought about it, I realized that he does more than just testing - in particular evaluating how well it fits the business needs and refining things with another round of development. That's the tricky part.
**Question**
So in essence, we want to hire a tester (our first QA person?). Someone who can go through all aspects of our system with a fine tooth comb and identify any bugs that the dev team may have missed. That, I'm sure, is very standard. However, the owner would also like this person to be able to understand the underlying business needs and also suggest refinements to the business processes, UI, etc... That last part is where I think things get trickier. I've never been in a company large enough to have its own dedicated QA team, so I'm not sure if this would be a standard part of a QA job. That's pretty much my question(s):
1. Is it "normal" (I know, dangerous qualifier) to expect a tester to also understand the underlying business needs, and therefore test not just the results of the code for bugs, but also test how suitable the overall results are for our business?
2. I'm wondering if perhaps I should just advertise for a QA/tester job, but specifically screen for candidates with experience in our industry, or who demonstrate an ability to do more than just follow a testing script?
3. It occurs to me that I might be falling victim to the X-Y problem, and what we need is something completely different than what I was asked for. We don't have an official "Product Owner". That's pretty much what the business owner has been doing. Maybe we need one of those and a tester? Or maybe a different process?
**To summarize though:** Is it reasonable to expect a tester to not just evaluate a program for bugs, but also evaluate for whether or not it is a good match to the business needs? If not, any suggestions on what it is that I'm looking for? | 2018/07/15 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/115887",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/71338/"
] | Sounds like you're looking for both a QA/Tester role and a product owner/BA
One person may get you part of the way there, but I doubt it'll be completely what you're looking for.
A good tester will think of surprising ways to break the system; things no normal person would come up with. They may raise a flag if they see something not ideal for the business.
A good PO/BA can turn the business processes into actionable requirements for the development team. That being said, they typically will test the system for issues before signing off. | >
> Is it "normal" (I know, dangerous qualifier) to expect a tester to also understand the underlying business needs, and therefore test not just the results of the code for bugs, but also test how suitable the overall results are for our business?
>
>
>
To some extent - yes. What, after all, is a bug? When the software is not producing the correct / intended / expected results. In any given case, what is the correct result? To answer that requires domain knowledge.
There are limits to that expectation, of course. If software is to be used in the finance industry for example, and your testers are expected to have all the skills and qualifications needed to know the laws and regulations involved in finance - why are they testers at all, on 1/10th of the income they could be on if they just worked in finance? In such a case, you'll either need to accept your testers can't and won't cover everything, or you'll need someone with the relevant qualifications who is prepared to test (and pay them accordingly).
>
> I'm wondering if perhaps I should just advertise for a QA/tester job, but specifically screen for candidates with experience in our industry, or who demonstrate an ability to do more than just follow a testing script?
>
>
>
It sounds to me like you need an experienced senior tester - definitely with more skills than "just following a testing script". They will need experience either in the industry itself, or in requirements gathering and software design.
On a philosophical side note, I believe testers who "just follow a testing script" will no longer exist in a few years. A "testing script" is just an automation test in disguise; why pay someone to follow a script manually when the automation test can be run for free, automatically, every night or after every check-in? Testers will either need domain and/or design knowledge as alluded to above, or the ability to write automation tests (or both).
>
> It occurs to me that I might be falling victim to the X-Y problem, and what we need is something completely different than what I was asked for.
>
>
>
Possibly. You may well need a Product Owner / Business Analyst / something else, either now or at some point in the future.
From what you describe, though, a testing function would be useful and could be a big positive from the business. I suspect, though, that "a tester" might not be enough to fulfill that testing function at the moment. Think of it more as a "QA Lead" - the start of a department - someone who's not just going to find bugs, but define the whole future of QA in your company. This may include (at some point) hiring more people to work under them, justifying the QA function to the rest of the company including the owner, having input into design, introducing an automation test suite, etc. It sounds to me that you'll want someone with experience and seniority. Explain the situation to them early in the hiring process - and don't try to be cheap. ;-) |
159,687 | I have created a journey on the basis of the Opportunity Stage. I am using a Decision Split flow control in the Jorurney. For Example the Contact enters the journey if the Opportunity Stage changes to "No Decision"
**I defined 2 paths in decision split:**
1. if Stage changes after creating time it should Exit the journey.
2. or else Remainder Path-- send another email to contact.
But the Journey Contact always goes to the Remainder path even if the stage has changed.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ZwlXX.png) | 2017/02/09 | [
"https://salesforce.stackexchange.com/questions/159687",
"https://salesforce.stackexchange.com",
"https://salesforce.stackexchange.com/users/40566/"
] | You are probably using Event Data as opposed to Contact Data.
Evaluating against event data preserve the state of the contact when it enterered the journy, while Contact Data checks for changes in attributes.
Changing this should sort it out.
<http://help.marketingcloud.com/en/documentation/journey_builder/using_event_data/> | **EDIT *(after August '17 release)*:**
The problem that caused your problem has been fixed now as you can add the opportunity-id from contact-data to be compared with the opportunity to check in the path expression (using the *New Expression Builder* and the *"Add an attribute to compare"*-feature).
The new Expression Builder has the following added functionality that should help solve your problem:
>
> * Clearly compare two attributes in one argument
> * See path to each attribute in your Contact model
>
> (Source: [August '17 Release Notes - Journey Builder](http://help.marketingcloud.com/en/documentation/release_notes/august_2017_release/journey_builder/))
>
>
>
For an explanation of the original problem see my original answer below.
**Related info:**
* [Blogpost on August '17 release features (including the **New Expression Builder** that fixes your problem)](https://markus.codes/2017/09/03/salesforce-marketing-cloud-august-17-release)
* [August '17 Release Notes - Journey Builder](http://help.marketingcloud.com/en/documentation/release_notes/august_2017_release/journey_builder/)
---
**ORIGINAL ANSWER**
**Problem:** As there is a one-to-many relationship between contacts and opportunities I guess this could be due to wrong decision split evaluation (path selection bug) in Marketing Cloud which will possibly be fixed end of 2017.
**Workaround:** Currently the best workaround is creating a custom split activity that checks the opportunity stage directly via the Sales/Service Cloud API. The only downsides are that you need to host the split and api calls are used for this. An additional upside of this workaround is, that this evaluation isn't subject to the synchronization delay of Marketing Cloud Connect as data is directly retrieved via the Sales/Service Cloud API.
**Related information:**
* *Blog article:* [How to fix wrong Decision Split evaluation in SFMC](https://markus.codes/2017/07/06/how-to-fix-wrong-decision-split-evaluation-in-sfmc)
* *Code example:* [Service Cloud Custom Split Activity for Journey Builder](https://github.com/mslabina/sfmc-servicecloud-customsplit)
* *Success Article:* [Activities in Journey Builder, such as entry and exits events or decision splits, do not return expected results](https://success.salesforce.com/issues_view?id=a1p3A000000f6KZQAY&title=query-engine-needs-to-accept-pathing-information-in-filter)
* *StackExchange answer:* [Contact Data Decision Split for synchronized Salesforce DE leads to wrong path](https://salesforce.stackexchange.com/a/172932/36218) |
122,531 | >
> Changes in the geometric properties of the joint with wear occur slowly for a lower pair. **At least as important are** the simple geometries of the relative motions that these joints permit.
>
>
>
I don't understand the last sentence. | 2017/03/15 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/122531",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/51105/"
] | In that sentence, "at least as important as" compares:
* changes (in the geometric properties...)
with
* (simple) geometries.
---
The meaning is that the geometries:
* have the same importance as the changes;
or:
* have more importance than the changes;
but not:
* have less importance than the changes.
---
From the [Cambridge Dictionary](https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/at-least)
>
> **at least** = as much as, or more than, a number or amount:
>
>
> * It will cost **at least** $100.
> * It will be £200 **at** the very **least**.
> * You'll have to wait **at least** an hour.
>
>
>
and:
Also from [Cambridge Dictionary](https://dictionary.cambridge.org/grammar/british-grammar/as-and-as-expressions/as-as)
>
> **As … as** = We use *as + adjective/adverb + as* to make comparisons when the things we are comparing are equal in some way:
>
>
> * The world’s biggest bull is **as** big **as** a small elephant.
> * The weather this summer is **as** bad **as** last year. It hasn’t stopped raining for weeks.
> * You have to unwrap it **as** carefully **as** you can. It’s quite fragile.
>
>
> | >
> **Changes** in the geometric properties of the joint with wear **occur slowly** for a lower pair. **At least as important** are the simple geometries of the relative motions that these joints permit.
>
>
>
There is missing information in this passage for us to explain *At least as important*.
*At least as important* in the second sentence tells us there is something else the importance of which is being compared with that of *the simple geometries of the relative motions that these joints permit*.
No such mentions on **importance** are in the first sentence, which is mainly a statement on the speed of the changes.
What is missing could be something like
>
> It is **important** to maintain the geometric properties of the joints. Fortunately, [followed by sentence 1]
>
>
> |
42,239 | I see that there is an HTML version of Angry Birds. How do I use it? I'd also like to have the icon on my launcher so I can run it as it's own application. | 2011/05/12 | [
"https://askubuntu.com/questions/42239",
"https://askubuntu.com",
"https://askubuntu.com/users/235/"
] | It's just a webpage. Firefox 4.0.1 (what should ship in Ubuntu 11.04) plays it fine, albeit a little bit slower.
[Play the BETA version. (Only the 63 levels of stage 1 and a few bonus levels.)](http://chrome.angrybirds.com/)
To make an ad-hoc launcher, when using Firefox, merely drag the favicon in the address bar to your desktop. | About the icon of the launcher you should go , using chrome, to the tools icon (a wrench on the right side) then to the "tools" submenu and the "create application shortcut" option after that.
Afterwards you can just drag ' n ' drop the icon in the launcher, getting what you want.
A shortcut of that style can be made using firefox as well if i recall correctly - performance is a little problematic on my firefox though
\*by the way, what do you mean "how do i use it?" ? |
43,731,253 | I am using PyCharm 2017.1.1 on Windows 10 Pro with Docker for Windows.
The Python2 (Anaconda2) interpreter in docker works well.
However, it does not support project creation. How can I solve this problem?
 | 2017/05/02 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/43731253",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/7950280/"
] | I have had the same issue - but the problem is not Windows, as this error still occurs when trying to create a docker interpreter without Docker-Compose
I have found that you can get around the error by creating a project using the File>open menu and selecting a folder, then retrospectively assigning the docker interpreter to the project. | Have a look at [the documentation](https://www.jetbrains.com/help/pycharm/configuring-remote-interpreters-via-docker-compose.html):
>
> **Limitation**
>
>
> As of this writing, Docker Compose integration in PyCharm is not supported on Windows.
>
>
> |
281,953 | My ex girlfriend deleted over 900 items and over 200 of my top Pokemon. Is there any way I can recover them? | 2016/08/15 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/281953",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/163110/"
] | You would have to submit a support ticket to Niantic, and hope they are willing and able to roll back your account or restore the items.
Niantic's support system does not allow you to submit requests regarding hacked\* accounts. You would have to use either their [premium item issue](https://support.pokemongo.nianticlabs.com/hc/en-us/requests/new?ticket_form_id=320008) or [login issue](https://support.pokemongo.nianticlabs.com/hc/en-us/requests/new?ticket_form_id=265607) form and hope it finds its way to someone who can and will help.
Don't count on it though- Niantic's customer support was bad enough before it became overloaded by Pokemon Go. Assume the items and pokemon aren't coming back.
Let this be a lesson- don't let other people use your account.
* For purposes of this question, "hacked" refers to any unauthorised access. Even if in this case you let her use the account. | There is no way to recover discarded items or Pokemon transferred to the professor. |
186,319 | >
> * he cracked his friend’s skull from behind.
>
>
>
“From” is a preposition
And.... behind is an adverb
.
As I know, preposition must be followed by objects.
So, how is it possible that “from” in this sentence to be followed by an adverb.
---
Importantly, I looked for the word “behind”, And I found out that it cannot come as a noun. | 2018/11/21 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/186319",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/56970/"
] | Your information is over-simplified.
Prepositions *usually* must be followed by a Noun Phrase, but there are exceptions.
You have identified one: *from* can take an adverb of place, direction, or time: "from behind", "from inside", "from before". As far as I can think, this exception only applies to "from", not to any other preposition.
Another example is *for free*: some people dislike this expression, and think it is "ungrammatical"; but it is in regular use by many speakers, and is therefore by definition grammatical for those speakers. | Behind can never be a noun? I disagree. I happen to be sitting on my big behind as I type this!
I felt compelled to add that. I don't believe I can add to this question or the answer already provided. |
186,319 | >
> * he cracked his friend’s skull from behind.
>
>
>
“From” is a preposition
And.... behind is an adverb
.
As I know, preposition must be followed by objects.
So, how is it possible that “from” in this sentence to be followed by an adverb.
---
Importantly, I looked for the word “behind”, And I found out that it cannot come as a noun. | 2018/11/21 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/186319",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/56970/"
] | Your information is over-simplified.
Prepositions *usually* must be followed by a Noun Phrase, but there are exceptions.
You have identified one: *from* can take an adverb of place, direction, or time: "from behind", "from inside", "from before". As far as I can think, this exception only applies to "from", not to any other preposition.
Another example is *for free*: some people dislike this expression, and think it is "ungrammatical"; but it is in regular use by many speakers, and is therefore by definition grammatical for those speakers. | **behind** is *where* he was relative to his friend.
From that position where he could see the back of his friend's head, he dealt his friend a sharp blow on the skull.
Compare: from above, from below |
65,261,386 | Is there a way to make ReactJs SEO friendly without using Next or Gatsby? Because I already made a project and it's difficult to dismantle it to use next or gatsby,
and I just got in trouble when I deployed the project, it's not very SEO friendly.
Thanks | 2020/12/12 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/65261386",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/14811323/"
] | Without using next or gatsby, it is a tedious task to make a pure react based application SEO friendly as it would involve a lot of time as you would have to create an isomorphic app [Isomorphic apps with react](https://reactjsnews.com/isomorphic-react-in-real-life), you can also look at this great article for better view [Building search friendly Javascript applications with React.js](https://builtvisible.com/react-js-seo/) | As stated in a previous answer, in order to make a React application SEO-friendly you would have to build an isomorphic application. Currently, the most popular frameworks for developing isomorphic applications are Gatsby and Next.js. This isn’t to say that creating an isomorphic application without them is impossible, but you’re looking at a lot more man-hours. That being said, if you're still struggling to make React SEO-friendly, take a look at this article to get a better understanding of [How to Build Search-Friendly Pages in React](https://buttercms.com/blog/react-seo-how-to-build-search-friendly-pages-in-react). |
5,157,811 | I've done several forms that follow a similar pattern:
* two interdependent form fields, let's say "street address" and "location" (lon/lat).
* when user fills in one field, the other is updated via an ajax call.
(eg. if the user fills in street address, do a request to a geocode API and put the result in the location field; if the user fills in the location (eg. via a map UI), do a request to a reverse-geocode API and put the result in the address field.
No problem so far, these are easy to hook up to blur and/or focus change events.)
* The problem occurs if the form is submitted before an ajax call completes. In this case one field will have a correct value and the other will be stale. The handler on the server needs to detect that this has happened and update the stale value. We can't just check for the default value because the user might have changed both fields any number of times.
There are two possible solutions I've thought of, and I don't much like either one. I'd love other suggestions.
**Solution 1.** Use hidden fields as flags to indicate freshness: set the value to 0 by default, reset it to 0 before the ajax request is sent, and set it to 1 when the response comes back. On the server side, check these fields and recompute any field whose freshness flag is set to 0. There is still a potential race condition here but the window is greatly narrowed. I've used this technique and it works (eg. <http://fixcity.org/racks/new/>). It is annoying though, as it requires more code on both client and server and is another possible source of bugs.
**Solution 2.** Use synchronous AJAX calls instead ("SJAX"?). Not appealing since AJAX here is just a UI convenience, it's not strictly necessary for the application to work, so I'd rather not make things feel slow - then it becomes UI \*in\*convenience.
**Solution 3.** Always do server-side postprocessing. If it's expensive, use caching to make it cheaper - eg. if the value is *not* stale, that means the client just made the same request via AJAX so we should have populated the cache if needed during the AJAX handler.
This one currently seems the most appealing to me, although it has two limitations:
it can't be used for things that are not safe and idempotent - eg. if the AJAX request was doing a POST; and it can't even be used for this example because we have two interdependent fields and no way to know which is correct and which is stale. | 2011/03/01 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/5157811",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/137635/"
] | When the user presses submit, have it run a validation function that decides what state the form is in by examining the form fields and the state of the ajax call (set a flag, such as ajaxBusy). | You should validate what is submitted on server-side anyway. If both fields are related 1-1, then you can designate one of them as "master", and submit it alone, while the other one is calculated server-side. |
5,157,811 | I've done several forms that follow a similar pattern:
* two interdependent form fields, let's say "street address" and "location" (lon/lat).
* when user fills in one field, the other is updated via an ajax call.
(eg. if the user fills in street address, do a request to a geocode API and put the result in the location field; if the user fills in the location (eg. via a map UI), do a request to a reverse-geocode API and put the result in the address field.
No problem so far, these are easy to hook up to blur and/or focus change events.)
* The problem occurs if the form is submitted before an ajax call completes. In this case one field will have a correct value and the other will be stale. The handler on the server needs to detect that this has happened and update the stale value. We can't just check for the default value because the user might have changed both fields any number of times.
There are two possible solutions I've thought of, and I don't much like either one. I'd love other suggestions.
**Solution 1.** Use hidden fields as flags to indicate freshness: set the value to 0 by default, reset it to 0 before the ajax request is sent, and set it to 1 when the response comes back. On the server side, check these fields and recompute any field whose freshness flag is set to 0. There is still a potential race condition here but the window is greatly narrowed. I've used this technique and it works (eg. <http://fixcity.org/racks/new/>). It is annoying though, as it requires more code on both client and server and is another possible source of bugs.
**Solution 2.** Use synchronous AJAX calls instead ("SJAX"?). Not appealing since AJAX here is just a UI convenience, it's not strictly necessary for the application to work, so I'd rather not make things feel slow - then it becomes UI \*in\*convenience.
**Solution 3.** Always do server-side postprocessing. If it's expensive, use caching to make it cheaper - eg. if the value is *not* stale, that means the client just made the same request via AJAX so we should have populated the cache if needed during the AJAX handler.
This one currently seems the most appealing to me, although it has two limitations:
it can't be used for things that are not safe and idempotent - eg. if the AJAX request was doing a POST; and it can't even be used for this example because we have two interdependent fields and no way to know which is correct and which is stale. | 2011/03/01 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/5157811",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/137635/"
] | You could enhance your AJAX call to both disable the form submit button and set a global var to to `true` that is checked on form submit~ That way the user **can't** submit the form before AJAX completes. I would add a loading graphic for UI sake. | You should validate what is submitted on server-side anyway. If both fields are related 1-1, then you can designate one of them as "master", and submit it alone, while the other one is calculated server-side. |
532,601 | When I hear *waterproof*, I think "water definitely can't get in." To me, that's an adjective that implies totality (for my ignorance of a better term).
When I hear *water-resistant*, I think "water won't get in easily, but it's definitely not waterproof." To me, that phrase *excludes* totality.
Are there terms for these different types of adjectives that imply or exclude totality?
And is there a term for adjectives that do neither of these things and describe, I guess, the full range of a quality? | 2020/04/30 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/532601",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/101/"
] | >
> **Adjective Gradability**
>
>
> Adjectives describe qualities (characteristics) of nouns. Some
> qualities can vary in intensity or "grade", for example:
>
>
> *rather hot, hot, very hot; hot, hotter, the hottest* The adjective *hot*
> is **gradable**.
>
>
> Other qualities cannot vary in intensity or grade because they are:
>
>
> * **extremes** (for example: *freezing*)
> * **absolutes** (for example: *dead*)
> * **classifying** (for example: *nuclear*)
>
>
> The adjectives *freezing*, *dead* and *nuclear* are **non-gradable**.
>
>
>
(From [EnglishClub](https://www.englishclub.com/grammar/adjectives-gradability.htm))
'Waterproof' is probably best seen as at the (idealised?) end of a continuum of water resistance, so I'd probably go with '*extreme*' here (although 'absolute' is arguably true also.) | This is taken into account in a grammatical classification of adjectives: [ref.](https://linguapress.com/grammar/adjectives.htm); the two classes describing the characteritics in question are the **absolute** adjectives (waterproof) and the **gradable** adjectives (water-resistant). This means that you might be able to say "very water-resistant" but not "very waterproof". In fact, you can say both: [ref. 1](https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=very+water-resistant&year_start=1800&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2Cvery%20water%20-%20resistant%3B%2Cc0#t1%3B%2Cvery%20water%20-%20resistant%3B%2Cc0), [ref. 2](https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=very+waterproof&year_start=1800&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2Cvery%20waterproof%3B%2Cc0#t1%3B%2Cvery%20waterproof%3B%2Cc0). |
141,571 | I have received an offer letter from a company that I have been interviewed by but the offer letter does not have a specific probation period. I have been told that it's usually on the contract?
I have 24 hours to reply and I'm not sure what to do. Should I email the person (HR) who sent over the offer letter or the person that interviewed me and has been in contact with me?
PS: It's for 4 months of paid internship.
If there's no probation period, am I obliged to stay for the whole 4 months internship? | 2019/08/04 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/141571",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/107538/"
] | Certainly prefer emailing the HR person instead of the interviewer.
Even if you don't have a copy of the contract, you should ask any questions regarding the offer that you have to the HR. | The purpose of a probationary period is for the company to ensure they haven't made a bad choice, before it becomes difficult to remove you. This is particularly common in the UK at medium-large businesses, for permanent contracts.
After a probation period, most companies policy involves multiple stages of goal-settings and performance plans; rather than trying to fire you on the spot (this is in part due to UK law on labor rights).
As such, if they realize a problem early - it is in their interest to end the employment instantly, rather than go through a prolonged (potentially longer than a year) process of writing you up, tracking your failings and firing you - all while being careful not to accused of wrongful termination.
---
For an internship, and also for many fixed-term contracts (especially if under 1 year length), as there is no risk of the business being stuck with you long-term - it's rare that they include probation periods.
Often the termination clauses in these contracts, is similar to probation in the first place, but even when it isn't - the worst case for the business is they simply pay you till the end of your contract. There's simply not the same risk of getting stuck in a quagmire of HR policy and legal obligation, as for a permanent role.
---
So to answer directly;
**For an internship, this is expected. Just accept the contract if you're happy with it.** If they wanted a probation period - they should have written one into the contract. |
141,571 | I have received an offer letter from a company that I have been interviewed by but the offer letter does not have a specific probation period. I have been told that it's usually on the contract?
I have 24 hours to reply and I'm not sure what to do. Should I email the person (HR) who sent over the offer letter or the person that interviewed me and has been in contact with me?
PS: It's for 4 months of paid internship.
If there's no probation period, am I obliged to stay for the whole 4 months internship? | 2019/08/04 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/141571",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/107538/"
] | In many cases the probationary period can last for months or even years. During that period the employer can fire you without a lot of documentation and with only a limited obligation for severance. During the probationary period the employee when leaving has only a very limited or even nonexistent notice period.
In some cases these rules are defined by local labor laws, in other cases they are defined by the contract.
>
> It's for 4 months of paid internship.
>
>
>
It is likely that the probationary period is the entire length of the internship. That means that either side can terminate the working arrangement.
>
> If there's no probation period, am I obliged to stay for the whole 4 months internship?
>
>
>
The actual contract for that sort of arrangement is generally not signed until the first day. While you can ask about the contract, and you can ask about the specific terms; too many questions about the procedure for quitting will likely cause them concern. | The purpose of a probationary period is for the company to ensure they haven't made a bad choice, before it becomes difficult to remove you. This is particularly common in the UK at medium-large businesses, for permanent contracts.
After a probation period, most companies policy involves multiple stages of goal-settings and performance plans; rather than trying to fire you on the spot (this is in part due to UK law on labor rights).
As such, if they realize a problem early - it is in their interest to end the employment instantly, rather than go through a prolonged (potentially longer than a year) process of writing you up, tracking your failings and firing you - all while being careful not to accused of wrongful termination.
---
For an internship, and also for many fixed-term contracts (especially if under 1 year length), as there is no risk of the business being stuck with you long-term - it's rare that they include probation periods.
Often the termination clauses in these contracts, is similar to probation in the first place, but even when it isn't - the worst case for the business is they simply pay you till the end of your contract. There's simply not the same risk of getting stuck in a quagmire of HR policy and legal obligation, as for a permanent role.
---
So to answer directly;
**For an internship, this is expected. Just accept the contract if you're happy with it.** If they wanted a probation period - they should have written one into the contract. |
256,076 | I read that confined plasma in electromagnetic field uses in TOKAMAK nuclear fusion reaction. But I don't know what is the main role of plasma in fusion reaction. Is it use for producing energy required to fuse nuclei or something else? | 2016/05/15 | [
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/256076",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/users/117145/"
] | You may have things a bit mixed up.
Plasma is not something that plays a role in fusion as if it were a tool or an instrument for its achievement. It is instead the only possible medium ***where*** nuclear fusion can occur: very basically, high enough temperature for protons to overcome the Coulomb repulsion, and high enough density for increased chances of fusion reactions.
So it is an intimate part of nuclear fusion, rather than an appendix or a component of it. All components of nuclear fusion rather revolve around the plasma: how to heat it, how to contain it, how to shape it, how to control it, etc.
Whether in nature or in laboratories, these questions are answered by ancillary structures (e.g. large gravitational and magnetic fields, vacuum vessels, magnets, neutral beam injectors, radio-frequency antennas, lasers or solenoids), but the plasma will always be the central and indispensable part of the whole process of producing energy through nuclear fusion. | At the temperatures required for fusion reactions, matter can only exist in the plasma state. That's rather inconvenient for designers of fusion reactors, since plasma is hard to control and contain.
And that's why the claims about [cold-fusion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_fusion) were so appealing. Cold fusion promised to provide fusion power without the hassle of dealing with high temperature plasma. Unfortunately, those claims turned out to be false. |
19,766 | To increase my cadence, I flex my hamstrings downward so as to prevent my feet from rising too much. Less vertical motion increases cadence, but my hamstring muscles sure feel funky when I do this.
Other than hamstring flexing, what are different ways to change cadence?
**I think the benefits of higher cadence:**
* Running is both vertical and horizontal motion. The vertical motion does not get me moving forward. It is wasted energy. So, I focus on keeping feet low to the ground.
* With each stride, I go upwards, then crash back to earth. The higher I go, the more wear and tear on my ankles, knees, hips. So, feet low to the ground.
* With my feet so low to the ground, I don't cover much distance with each stride. Therefore, I need a high cadence.
* And, with my feet so low, going fast, with weight forward, it'd be very easy to faceplant. No accidents so far.
On youtube, there is an awesome 20-min video about different running styles titled "Gliders vs Gazelles". I try to be a "glider". | 2014/12/03 | [
"https://fitness.stackexchange.com/questions/19766",
"https://fitness.stackexchange.com",
"https://fitness.stackexchange.com/users/12305/"
] | I can sympathize with your desire to increase your running cadence. Several years ago I learned that most top mid/long distance runners have a cadence around 180 steps per minute (SPM). While the reason for this rate is outside the scope of this question, I will say that running economy is optimized for most trained runners at around 180 SPM.
I read this piece of trivia on a Sunday evening after I participated in a 5k race. I knew that my cadence was well below the 180 SPM rate. So, the next day (Monday), I ran another 5k and forced myself to run at 180 SPM. Surprisingly, I improved my 5k PR by 1 minute without any extra effort.
I now run at approx. 180 SPM without thinking about it, but for the first few months, it required conscious effort to maintain that rate.
Here are a few of the things that I did:
* I shortened my stride.
* I became a mid-foot striker instead of a heel striker. This became more natural for me when I shortened my stride.
* I used the "second" counter on my watch to help me: At "00" I start counting every 3rd foot strike. After I reach a count of 30, I look down at my watch, which should also say "30". This is how I know that I am running at the desired 180 SPM.
* I did other activities at my desired run cadence: Swimming "streamline kicking" on my back at the desired rate to strengthen hip muscles. Cycling at 90 petal strokes per minute. Both of these activities help reinforce the neuro-muscular pathways that activate the leg muscles. Eventually the repetition causes the neuro-muscular pathways to become ingrained so that you run at a high cadence naturally. When this adaptation occurs, your running economy will benefit.
* Don't worry about running at 180 SPM if you are just jogging slowly. It will only go up to 180 SMP if I'm high Zone 2 or higher. | This worked for me and so here it is.
Focus on keeping *your feet beneath your hips*. Or, to push your hips *over* your feet, whatever visualization works best for you. You should almost feel like your hips are leading the run, not your feet. THIS really helps in shortening your stride.
Optional but very helpful: wear minimal footwear or no footwear at all (warning: this must be done gradually if you're not used to it already. I mean *very* gradually). This helps in adopting a more natural stance, that is landing with your forefoot or midfoot. This is by the way *not* enough though and if you go bare or semi-barefoot by keeping a long stride you're going to get stress fractures. So, minimal footwear/barefooting *helps* a lotbecause of the much more natural feedback you get without those orthotics that are running shoes, but it is not the solution alone.
**An higher cadence is just the consequence of a correct posture and form.** That is, if you do short *and* proper strides, the only way to go as fast as you did when you made longer strides is by *making more steps* in the same amount of time then. Quite obvious. BUT, higher cadence, as above and again, will be simply the **consequence** of that. Don't focus in the higher cadence itself as the primary objective, but rather on the quality of your movement and your running will be more effective and healthy; and cadence will automatically increase as the natural consequence. If you focus on the cadence alone you may end up achieving it without a proper form. Again, cadence is the consequence of the glider style not the objective.
Source: own experience with barefooting/natural running by studying, trying, and erring. |
2,774,409 | when i go with the mouse pointer on the function it doesn't show the location, class...
i have this problem in one of my projects. All is executed ok so the functions are there :).
Build id: 20090920-1017
Any idea?
Javi | 2010/05/05 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2774409",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/248959/"
] | I was facing the same problem. I had a project where i was able to use this, but not in my other project. After looking around I found the reason, my new project was not set as a php project, and hence I was not getting the function locations etc. Here is what I did to fix the problem.
1. In eclipse, on your project, do RMB (right mouse button click).
2. Look for "Configure" menu. Click on it.
3. One of the options given to you will be "Add PHP support...", click on that.
And VOILA.. you have the lovely hover hyper link working for your project all over again. | You should restore Hovers to default.
See your Eclipse Preferences:
Java -> Editor -> Hovers
Click on "Restore Defaults" |
2,774,409 | when i go with the mouse pointer on the function it doesn't show the location, class...
i have this problem in one of my projects. All is executed ok so the functions are there :).
Build id: 20090920-1017
Any idea?
Javi | 2010/05/05 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2774409",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/248959/"
] | I was facing the same problem. I had a project where i was able to use this, but not in my other project. After looking around I found the reason, my new project was not set as a php project, and hence I was not getting the function locations etc. Here is what I did to fix the problem.
1. In eclipse, on your project, do RMB (right mouse button click).
2. Look for "Configure" menu. Click on it.
3. One of the options given to you will be "Add PHP support...", click on that.
And VOILA.. you have the lovely hover hyper link working for your project all over again. | It's either in
* Java->Editor->Content-Assist->Advanced select PDE API Tools proposals
* Java -> Editor -> Hovers (as described before) Click on "Restore Defaults"
* PHP -> Editor -> Hovers
* also check settings in PHP -> Editor -> Content Assist
If all this didn't work perhaps start eclipse with -clean parameter or reinstall?
hope this helps and is not to late |
49,118 | By using [Tour Guide from the Underworld](https://yugioh.fandom.com/wiki/Tour_Guide_From_the_Underworld), special summoned [Lilith Lady of Lament](https://yugioh.fandom.com/wiki/Lilith,_Lady_of_Lament).
**Q:** Can Lilith's effect of tributing monster still be activated? As, tributing 1 dark monster (as a cost), but not have the ability to take 3 traps from the deck.
[Tour Guide from the Underworld](https://yugioh.fandom.com/wiki/Tour_Guide_From_the_Underworld):
>
> When this card is Normal Summoned: You can Special Summon 1 Level 3
> Fiend monster from your hand or Deck, but it has its effects negated,
> also it cannot be used as a Synchro Material.
>
>
>
[Lilith Lady of Lament](https://yugioh.fandom.com/wiki/Lilith,_Lady_of_Lament):
>
> If this card is Normal Summoned, its original ATK becomes 1000. (Quick
> Effect): You can Tribute 1 DARK monster; reveal 3 Normal Traps from
> your Deck, your opponent randomly chooses 1 for you to Set on your
> field, and you shuffle the rest back into your Deck. You can only use
> this effect of "Lilith, Lady of Lament" once per turn.
>
>
> | 2019/10/31 | [
"https://boardgames.stackexchange.com/questions/49118",
"https://boardgames.stackexchange.com",
"https://boardgames.stackexchange.com/users/27470/"
] | Yes, Lillith's Effect Can Still Be Activated.
=============================================
Tour Guide From the Underworld's effect states that the effects of the Special Summoned Monster are negated - not that they may not be activated. The distinction is important, because **simply negating the effects of a card does not disallow attempts to activate those effects.**
Applying the concept in the opposite direction, consider [Majesty's Fiend](https://yugioh.fandom.com/wiki/Majesty%27s_Fiend), which simply says:
>
> Monster effects cannot be activated.
>
>
>
Given that [continuous monster effects are not impacted](https://boardgames.stackexchange.com/questions/47960/mystic-mine-vs-denko-sekka/47961#47961) by effects like that of Majesty's Fiend, we can clearly see a separation. In conclusion, **unless the card specifically says "cannot be activated,"** or some rearrangement thereof, **you can still attempt to activate the effect** - provided of course that you can pay activation cost. | <https://www.reddit.com/r/Yugioh101/comments/8pf1bg/how_tour_guide_helps_in_lair_of_darkness_deck/>
From googling and reading that reddit post my conclusion is that you can activate the effect of lilith and sacrifice and enemy monster if you got lair of darkness but you can't reveal 3 normal traps etc because the effect is negated. So as I understand its not the activation thats activated only the effect. That means tributing a dark monster works but you don't gain anything from it. But I am ofter confused my yu gi oh effects so curious if someone else gives a better answer |
6,393,004 | I am developing my first app for Android, and I wanted to know whether it is feasible to use the accelerometer.
I have heard that not all Android phones come built with an accelerometer. Is this true?
If it is true, then is there a way for a customer to know (via Android market) that an accelerometer is required to run the app?
Should I include the use of accelerometer or not? | 2011/06/18 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/6393004",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/663341/"
] | The new phones usually all have the accelerometer but there maybe some without, you never know...
Anyway, you can set in the app manifest that your app require an accelerometer to run, this way it won't be visible from the market to the phones without. | \*\*
No problem , you can do your app .. then when you publish it in Market .. say it's Required accelerometer :D !
\*\* |
864,279 | I have a DELL Inspiron 17R SE laptop, which I use with a Microsoft wireless desktop set.
On occasion I connect a WD 2TB Elements external hard disk
When I do that, I notice the sometimes the mouse acts sluggish and the keyboard "drops" characters. When I type something, not all characters reach the laptop. The Laptop keyboard and touchpad work fine.
Disconnecting the hard disk fixes this issue,
Is this a known issue?, if so, is there a workaround? | 2015/01/13 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/864279",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/56342/"
] | This is a known potential issue with USB 3.0 and 2.4GHz wireless devices (which your wireless desktop set is very likely to be).
If you can connect the keyboard wireless adapter to the opposite site of the laptop from the external HDD you might get better results, or perhaps you can use a USB extension cable for the wireless adapter to reduce/eliminate the problem.
Those suggestions are from [Using USB3.0 and 2.4Ghz USB wireless device on a notebook at the same time may experience radio frequency interference.](http://www.asus.com/support/FAQ/1004004). The phenomenon is acknowledged by Intel at [USB 3.0\* Radio Frequency Interference on 2.4 GHz Devices](http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/io/universal-serial-bus/usb3-frequency-interference-paper.html).
Shielded USB 3.0 cables are available, but the few reviews I looked at [on Amazon](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/B006KL95J0) seem to have mixed results. | I solved this by using some shielding tape that blocks the unwanted radio signal leaking from the cable of my external HDD.
I bought Titan RF shielding tape. - the description from amazon was
>
> TitanRF Faraday Tape - High-Shielding Conductive Adhesive Tape
>
> Used to Connect TitanRF Fabric Sheets or Seal RF Enclosures
>
> 1" W x 120" L (2.54cm)
>
> Sold by: MOS Equipment Europe
>
>
>
And covered up the cable as below.
 |
1,135 | I'm about to install laminate wood flooring in our family room. The floor is concrete. Having not done this before what tools and tips can you all offer before I get started? | 2010/08/10 | [
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/1135",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/440/"
] | Pick up a kit like [this](http://www.academyfloor.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&products_id=1037) from your local hardware store, it will include every thing you need.
Make sure you measure the room and make sure the last row is not going to be a tiny sliver, it is better to start with a thinner first row than get to the end and realize you are going to have a really thin last row.
Also be very careful when tapping the boards together, if you go to far you will chip/crush the board you are butting up to. When tapping the boards together be careful not to let the tapping block slip up, because that too will chip the plank.
Oh and don't forget to remove any baseboards before you start, and then measure again without the base boards.
When buying the underlay material make sure you get some that is made for concrete, you don't want moisture wicking up through the concrete into your new floor.
It's also a good idea to pick up an extra box or two of flooring, it could save you a trip to the store in the middle of the project if you underestimated or damage some of the planks during install. You can always return any unopened boxes when your done.
A [miter saw](http://www.google.com/products/catalog?hl=en&q=ryobi+Compound+miter+saw&cid=8537673441029794124&ei=eUNhTI37F6rgwAWIo6WoBQ&sa=title&ved=0CAcQ8wIwADgA#p) is also very handy.
**EDIT:**
Be careful when tapping the planks into place, if you don't have weight on the floor or you are not using spacers the whole floor could shift and become crooked (I learned this the hard way). I was about halfway across the room when I realized the planks that I had previously installed were shifted, if I hadn't caught it I would have ended up with a very crooked floor. | The biggest issue I have run into is laying the transition strips on a concrete floor. The transition strips consist of a plastic or metal channel, that is attached to the floor, which the finishing piece snaps into. For concrete floors, it is usually recommended on the package that you use construction adhesive to attach the channel to the floor. I have found this to be quite unreliable, even when using adhesives meant for concrete. (over time, without fail, the channels have separated from the adhesive, it may be that I had plastic channels instead of metal).
What worked for me is to use the adhesive, but also a hammer drill to install some small concrete screws to keep the channel attached to the floor. |
1,135 | I'm about to install laminate wood flooring in our family room. The floor is concrete. Having not done this before what tools and tips can you all offer before I get started? | 2010/08/10 | [
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/1135",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/440/"
] | Pick up a kit like [this](http://www.academyfloor.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&products_id=1037) from your local hardware store, it will include every thing you need.
Make sure you measure the room and make sure the last row is not going to be a tiny sliver, it is better to start with a thinner first row than get to the end and realize you are going to have a really thin last row.
Also be very careful when tapping the boards together, if you go to far you will chip/crush the board you are butting up to. When tapping the boards together be careful not to let the tapping block slip up, because that too will chip the plank.
Oh and don't forget to remove any baseboards before you start, and then measure again without the base boards.
When buying the underlay material make sure you get some that is made for concrete, you don't want moisture wicking up through the concrete into your new floor.
It's also a good idea to pick up an extra box or two of flooring, it could save you a trip to the store in the middle of the project if you underestimated or damage some of the planks during install. You can always return any unopened boxes when your done.
A [miter saw](http://www.google.com/products/catalog?hl=en&q=ryobi+Compound+miter+saw&cid=8537673441029794124&ei=eUNhTI37F6rgwAWIo6WoBQ&sa=title&ved=0CAcQ8wIwADgA#p) is also very handy.
**EDIT:**
Be careful when tapping the planks into place, if you don't have weight on the floor or you are not using spacers the whole floor could shift and become crooked (I learned this the hard way). I was about halfway across the room when I realized the planks that I had previously installed were shifted, if I hadn't caught it I would have ended up with a very crooked floor. | Having done this a few times before, I'd like to stress the importance of crayons -- they come in lots of contrasting colors, so you can see them easily, and they buff off so no one sees the marks when you're done.
We found a 3-person crew was about right for working -- two people dealt with laying the full boards (one hammered while the other one made sure the board was pressed down to seat into the previous one, and to tell the hammering person how much further they had to go), and the third person was responsible for marking and cutting boards at the end of the run.
We tried one person marking, and one cutting, but I found that people mark differently. (cut on the line? a little over the line? How much slop did you leave, etc?) It was just easier to have the person marking being the same person cutting & laying that board, so they knew how to adjust their markings.
As you want to use the slot side for the block to hit against, at the end of the run you'll want a piece with a tab-end; to mark it, do the following:
1. Finish the run of boards until you can't fit another full board.
2. Place a full board on top of the gap, with the tab side towards the wall (ie, backwards from how you'll be installing it).
3. Mark with your crayon where the board overlaps the last board in the run.
4. Take the board to your saw, draw a line w/ a crayon and speed square, and cut.
After 1-2 boards, you'll figure out how much of a gap you're getting from drawing your lines; you basically want just enough to drop the board in, and get the little metal pulling bar in there. Once you pull the board into place, you'll have a good 1cm gap because of the space to get the bar in plus the length of the tab/slot joining up.
If you're reading with corners and more complex obstructions, I tended to go with the following order:
1. Rip the boards if it's part of the starting run. (doing them all at once, so I set the rip fence once, and they'd all match up).
2. Cut the boards to length.
3. Ripe the board if it's going against the ending wall. (our room wasn't square, so I had to taper the boards slightly)
4. Determine any other wall obstructions (eg, corners because I'm trying to get into an alcove), and cut to fit.
5. Mark & cut any other obstructions (pipes for sinks & radiators, in my case.)
As you work, you'll get tired, and start rushing, being more likely to hit the boards harder, or take shortcuts (like using the metal bar against a slotted side; if you really have to as you get up against the wall, put the plastic block down first, then use the metal bar on the plastic block; the metal bar should *only* be used on a cut end, and even then, you don't want to slam it very hard, or you *will* splinter the wood.)
We also had a few blemished boards in the pack, so as the two laying the full boards found 'em, they'd mark them with crayon, and I'd try to use them for where I needed cut boards. (or the ones they mangled because John was rushing too much, and he'd mark which edge was damaged). |
1,135 | I'm about to install laminate wood flooring in our family room. The floor is concrete. Having not done this before what tools and tips can you all offer before I get started? | 2010/08/10 | [
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/1135",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/440/"
] | Pick up a kit like [this](http://www.academyfloor.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&products_id=1037) from your local hardware store, it will include every thing you need.
Make sure you measure the room and make sure the last row is not going to be a tiny sliver, it is better to start with a thinner first row than get to the end and realize you are going to have a really thin last row.
Also be very careful when tapping the boards together, if you go to far you will chip/crush the board you are butting up to. When tapping the boards together be careful not to let the tapping block slip up, because that too will chip the plank.
Oh and don't forget to remove any baseboards before you start, and then measure again without the base boards.
When buying the underlay material make sure you get some that is made for concrete, you don't want moisture wicking up through the concrete into your new floor.
It's also a good idea to pick up an extra box or two of flooring, it could save you a trip to the store in the middle of the project if you underestimated or damage some of the planks during install. You can always return any unopened boxes when your done.
A [miter saw](http://www.google.com/products/catalog?hl=en&q=ryobi+Compound+miter+saw&cid=8537673441029794124&ei=eUNhTI37F6rgwAWIo6WoBQ&sa=title&ved=0CAcQ8wIwADgA#p) is also very handy.
**EDIT:**
Be careful when tapping the planks into place, if you don't have weight on the floor or you are not using spacers the whole floor could shift and become crooked (I learned this the hard way). I was about halfway across the room when I realized the planks that I had previously installed were shifted, if I hadn't caught it I would have ended up with a very crooked floor. | I've done this myself in the past, and other than what's already been posted I can only offer three pieces of advice:
1. Measure carefully (and make sure that you remember to stagger the boards).
2. Leave an expansion gap around the edges.
3. Get a jigsaw and workbench if you don't have one. I spent far too much time sawing! |
1,135 | I'm about to install laminate wood flooring in our family room. The floor is concrete. Having not done this before what tools and tips can you all offer before I get started? | 2010/08/10 | [
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/1135",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/440/"
] | Having done this a few times before, I'd like to stress the importance of crayons -- they come in lots of contrasting colors, so you can see them easily, and they buff off so no one sees the marks when you're done.
We found a 3-person crew was about right for working -- two people dealt with laying the full boards (one hammered while the other one made sure the board was pressed down to seat into the previous one, and to tell the hammering person how much further they had to go), and the third person was responsible for marking and cutting boards at the end of the run.
We tried one person marking, and one cutting, but I found that people mark differently. (cut on the line? a little over the line? How much slop did you leave, etc?) It was just easier to have the person marking being the same person cutting & laying that board, so they knew how to adjust their markings.
As you want to use the slot side for the block to hit against, at the end of the run you'll want a piece with a tab-end; to mark it, do the following:
1. Finish the run of boards until you can't fit another full board.
2. Place a full board on top of the gap, with the tab side towards the wall (ie, backwards from how you'll be installing it).
3. Mark with your crayon where the board overlaps the last board in the run.
4. Take the board to your saw, draw a line w/ a crayon and speed square, and cut.
After 1-2 boards, you'll figure out how much of a gap you're getting from drawing your lines; you basically want just enough to drop the board in, and get the little metal pulling bar in there. Once you pull the board into place, you'll have a good 1cm gap because of the space to get the bar in plus the length of the tab/slot joining up.
If you're reading with corners and more complex obstructions, I tended to go with the following order:
1. Rip the boards if it's part of the starting run. (doing them all at once, so I set the rip fence once, and they'd all match up).
2. Cut the boards to length.
3. Ripe the board if it's going against the ending wall. (our room wasn't square, so I had to taper the boards slightly)
4. Determine any other wall obstructions (eg, corners because I'm trying to get into an alcove), and cut to fit.
5. Mark & cut any other obstructions (pipes for sinks & radiators, in my case.)
As you work, you'll get tired, and start rushing, being more likely to hit the boards harder, or take shortcuts (like using the metal bar against a slotted side; if you really have to as you get up against the wall, put the plastic block down first, then use the metal bar on the plastic block; the metal bar should *only* be used on a cut end, and even then, you don't want to slam it very hard, or you *will* splinter the wood.)
We also had a few blemished boards in the pack, so as the two laying the full boards found 'em, they'd mark them with crayon, and I'd try to use them for where I needed cut boards. (or the ones they mangled because John was rushing too much, and he'd mark which edge was damaged). | The biggest issue I have run into is laying the transition strips on a concrete floor. The transition strips consist of a plastic or metal channel, that is attached to the floor, which the finishing piece snaps into. For concrete floors, it is usually recommended on the package that you use construction adhesive to attach the channel to the floor. I have found this to be quite unreliable, even when using adhesives meant for concrete. (over time, without fail, the channels have separated from the adhesive, it may be that I had plastic channels instead of metal).
What worked for me is to use the adhesive, but also a hammer drill to install some small concrete screws to keep the channel attached to the floor. |
1,135 | I'm about to install laminate wood flooring in our family room. The floor is concrete. Having not done this before what tools and tips can you all offer before I get started? | 2010/08/10 | [
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/1135",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/440/"
] | Having done this a few times before, I'd like to stress the importance of crayons -- they come in lots of contrasting colors, so you can see them easily, and they buff off so no one sees the marks when you're done.
We found a 3-person crew was about right for working -- two people dealt with laying the full boards (one hammered while the other one made sure the board was pressed down to seat into the previous one, and to tell the hammering person how much further they had to go), and the third person was responsible for marking and cutting boards at the end of the run.
We tried one person marking, and one cutting, but I found that people mark differently. (cut on the line? a little over the line? How much slop did you leave, etc?) It was just easier to have the person marking being the same person cutting & laying that board, so they knew how to adjust their markings.
As you want to use the slot side for the block to hit against, at the end of the run you'll want a piece with a tab-end; to mark it, do the following:
1. Finish the run of boards until you can't fit another full board.
2. Place a full board on top of the gap, with the tab side towards the wall (ie, backwards from how you'll be installing it).
3. Mark with your crayon where the board overlaps the last board in the run.
4. Take the board to your saw, draw a line w/ a crayon and speed square, and cut.
After 1-2 boards, you'll figure out how much of a gap you're getting from drawing your lines; you basically want just enough to drop the board in, and get the little metal pulling bar in there. Once you pull the board into place, you'll have a good 1cm gap because of the space to get the bar in plus the length of the tab/slot joining up.
If you're reading with corners and more complex obstructions, I tended to go with the following order:
1. Rip the boards if it's part of the starting run. (doing them all at once, so I set the rip fence once, and they'd all match up).
2. Cut the boards to length.
3. Ripe the board if it's going against the ending wall. (our room wasn't square, so I had to taper the boards slightly)
4. Determine any other wall obstructions (eg, corners because I'm trying to get into an alcove), and cut to fit.
5. Mark & cut any other obstructions (pipes for sinks & radiators, in my case.)
As you work, you'll get tired, and start rushing, being more likely to hit the boards harder, or take shortcuts (like using the metal bar against a slotted side; if you really have to as you get up against the wall, put the plastic block down first, then use the metal bar on the plastic block; the metal bar should *only* be used on a cut end, and even then, you don't want to slam it very hard, or you *will* splinter the wood.)
We also had a few blemished boards in the pack, so as the two laying the full boards found 'em, they'd mark them with crayon, and I'd try to use them for where I needed cut boards. (or the ones they mangled because John was rushing too much, and he'd mark which edge was damaged). | I've done this myself in the past, and other than what's already been posted I can only offer three pieces of advice:
1. Measure carefully (and make sure that you remember to stagger the boards).
2. Leave an expansion gap around the edges.
3. Get a jigsaw and workbench if you don't have one. I spent far too much time sawing! |
292,743 | As a part of regular Windows maintenance, I defragment my hard drive. But why does the hard drive fragment on NTFS and FAT\* systems? Apparantly ext\* does not, why is this? Should I also be defragmenting my USB drives? | 2011/06/04 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/292743",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/80670/"
] | Fragmentation is not the issue it was 30 years ago. Back then you had hard drives that were scarcely faster than floppies, and processor memory sizes that were minuscule. Now you have very fast drives and large processor memories, and sometimes substantial buffering on the hard drive or in the controller. Plus sector sizes have gotten larger (or files are allocated in larger blocks) so that more data is inherently contiguous.
Operating systems have gotten smarter as well. Whereas DOS 1.x would have fetched each sector from disk as it was referenced, a modern OS is able to see that you have a file open for sequential access and can reasonably predict that you'll be fetching additional sectors once you've consumed those you have now. Thus it can "pre-fetch" the next several (dozen) sectors.
And any more it's often better to not have a file contiguous. On a (large) system where the file system is spread across multiple drives a file can actually be accessed faster if it is "spread" as well, since multiple disks can be seeking the file simultaneously.
I defragment every 2-3 years, whether my box needs it or not.
[I'll add that the important thing is not so much whether the data on the disk gets defragmented as whether the free space does. FAT was terrible at this -- unless you defragged things kept getting worse and worse until there were no two contiguous blocks of free space. Most other schemes can coalesce free space and allocate pieces in a somewhat "smart" fashion so the fragmentation reaches a certain threshold and then stabilizes, rather than getting worse and worse.] | ALL file systems fragment. ext and other Linux file systems fragment less due to the way they're designed - to quote [Wikipedia](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ext3#Defragmentation) regarding [the Linux Network Administrators' Guide](http://www.tldp.org/LDP/sag/html/filesystems.html):
>
> Modern Linux filesystem(s) keep
> fragmentation at a minimum by keeping
> all blocks in a file close together,
> even if they can't be stored in
> consecutive sectors. Some filesystems,
> like ext3, effectively allocate the
> free block that is nearest to other
> blocks in a file. Therefore it is not
> necessary to worry about fragmentation
> in a Linux system.
>
>
>
I'd note though that [ext4](http://kernelnewbies.org/Ext4#head-38e6ac2b5f58f10989d72386e6f9cc2ef7217fb0) has online defragmentation so eventually fragmentation IS an issue, even with Linux file systems.
Windows file systems have their clusters placed wherever there's space to put them, and defrag runs around and replaces them. With Linux, files are preferentially placed where there's enough space.
I'd note though, Windows 7 has scheduled defragmentation runs, so it isn't really necessary to run defrag manually. |
34,712,809 | I have a table view controller with a background image and transparent cells so you can see the image. How can I make the darker grey bits on the left and right edges to be the same brightness as the rest of the cell? I tried setting the cell's indentation width from the default of 10 to 0 which didn't help. I checked all frames and bounds in viewDidLoad and they all start at (0,0).
[Table View Controller cells](http://i.stack.imgur.com/wedWe.png) | 2016/01/11 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/34712809",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/5771309/"
] | NetBeans uses a concept of user directory and one user directory corresponds to one IDE window. Multiple projects can be opened in one NetBeans IDE Window, but if you need multiple NetBeans IDE windows, the only way to do that is to use two different user directories.
To open a new NetBeans IDE window you can start the NetBeans application from command prompt by providing a command line parameter `--userdir` followed by an existing blank directory. NetBeans will use this directory as a user directory and will open another IDe window, where you can open your another project
More details can be read [here](http://netbeans.tusharjoshi.com/2008/12/opening-multiple-netbeans-ide-instances.html). | I just checked it out in my 8.0.2 and all you have to do is open the classes from each separate project and then drag them to the side of Netbeans which will show you how it will be positioned and you can have the two classes side by side. You can then continue to open classes from each project and keep them on which ever side you want. |
34,712,809 | I have a table view controller with a background image and transparent cells so you can see the image. How can I make the darker grey bits on the left and right edges to be the same brightness as the rest of the cell? I tried setting the cell's indentation width from the default of 10 to 0 which didn't help. I checked all frames and bounds in viewDidLoad and they all start at (0,0).
[Table View Controller cells](http://i.stack.imgur.com/wedWe.png) | 2016/01/11 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/34712809",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/5771309/"
] | NetBeans uses a concept of user directory and one user directory corresponds to one IDE window. Multiple projects can be opened in one NetBeans IDE Window, but if you need multiple NetBeans IDE windows, the only way to do that is to use two different user directories.
To open a new NetBeans IDE window you can start the NetBeans application from command prompt by providing a command line parameter `--userdir` followed by an existing blank directory. NetBeans will use this directory as a user directory and will open another IDe window, where you can open your another project
More details can be read [here](http://netbeans.tusharjoshi.com/2008/12/opening-multiple-netbeans-ide-instances.html). | I know its probably too late bt im using netbeans 10, just drag a frame or class outside the netbeans idea and it creates a new window. |
78,934 | >
> Performance is poor as losses have increased and are projected to remain negative going forward as the company works through problem assets and realizes related expense.
>
>
>
Is this sentence correct? If not, why? I couldn't find much on the internet in regards to utilizing multiple "because", multiple "as" or multiple subordinate conjunctions in general but I feel that this sentence is a bit "off". | 2012/08/20 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/78934",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/25105/"
] | It's a grammatical sentence, but whether it's an effective one is another matter. If its purpose is to obscure what has gone on in the company, then it’s certainly successful, because its meaning isn’t clear. What presumably happened is something like this: ‘Increased losses have led to poor performance. Those losses are likely to continue until the company has sold off its unwise acquisitions.’ | Grammatically, it's fine. Stylistically, it's poor.
It seems like you're trying to squash too many ideas into one sentence just because you can. With so many conjunctions, and so few signposts to indicate what is conjoined with what, you make the sentence much harder to read than it needs to be.
Break it down into chunks, and add signposts to show what is referring to what. In this rewrite, the "signpost" words are marked in **bold**:
>
> Performance is poor and losses have increased. The company still has problem assets to work through and has to realise expenses related **to these assets**, so **this negative trend** is projected to continue.
>
>
> |
78,934 | >
> Performance is poor as losses have increased and are projected to remain negative going forward as the company works through problem assets and realizes related expense.
>
>
>
Is this sentence correct? If not, why? I couldn't find much on the internet in regards to utilizing multiple "because", multiple "as" or multiple subordinate conjunctions in general but I feel that this sentence is a bit "off". | 2012/08/20 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/78934",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/25105/"
] | It's a grammatical sentence, but whether it's an effective one is another matter. If its purpose is to obscure what has gone on in the company, then it’s certainly successful, because its meaning isn’t clear. What presumably happened is something like this: ‘Increased losses have led to poor performance. Those losses are likely to continue until the company has sold off its unwise acquisitions.’ | *Performance is poor **as** losses have increased and are projected to remain negative going forward **as** the company works through problem assets and realizes related expense.*
Interestingly, the first instance of *as* stands for 'because'; while in the second instance it means 'while'.
Therefore, it is not a case of two instances in the same sentence. However, to avoid possible ambiguity, and more importantly, to improve readability, one of them would better to replaced with its synonym: it is certainly not advisable to use a word with radically different meanings in the same sentence, other than for creative/ poetic effect.
*Performance is poor **because/since** losses have increased and are projected to remain negative going forward **while** the company works through problem assets and realizes related expense.* |
78,934 | >
> Performance is poor as losses have increased and are projected to remain negative going forward as the company works through problem assets and realizes related expense.
>
>
>
Is this sentence correct? If not, why? I couldn't find much on the internet in regards to utilizing multiple "because", multiple "as" or multiple subordinate conjunctions in general but I feel that this sentence is a bit "off". | 2012/08/20 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/78934",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/25105/"
] | Grammatically, it's fine. Stylistically, it's poor.
It seems like you're trying to squash too many ideas into one sentence just because you can. With so many conjunctions, and so few signposts to indicate what is conjoined with what, you make the sentence much harder to read than it needs to be.
Break it down into chunks, and add signposts to show what is referring to what. In this rewrite, the "signpost" words are marked in **bold**:
>
> Performance is poor and losses have increased. The company still has problem assets to work through and has to realise expenses related **to these assets**, so **this negative trend** is projected to continue.
>
>
> | *Performance is poor **as** losses have increased and are projected to remain negative going forward **as** the company works through problem assets and realizes related expense.*
Interestingly, the first instance of *as* stands for 'because'; while in the second instance it means 'while'.
Therefore, it is not a case of two instances in the same sentence. However, to avoid possible ambiguity, and more importantly, to improve readability, one of them would better to replaced with its synonym: it is certainly not advisable to use a word with radically different meanings in the same sentence, other than for creative/ poetic effect.
*Performance is poor **because/since** losses have increased and are projected to remain negative going forward **while** the company works through problem assets and realizes related expense.* |
37,234 | Hydraulic fluid needs to be kept clean of foreign debris to avoid damaging/destroying hydraulic fluid lines. It is also known to be hydrophillic; Absorbing water leads to a lower boiling point, which can introduce air into the system and render it incapable of functioning. To this end, caps for hydraulic fluid reservoirs incorporate some sort of seal to inhibit dirt and water from entering the system.
There are a number of different styles of cap that seem to be prevalent across different manufacturers, see images:
>
> [Ford]: [http://i.stack.imgur.com/lFHT8.jpg](https://i.stack.imgur.com/lFHT8.jpg)
>
>
> [Dumptruck]: [http://i.stack.imgur.com/vEluX.jpg](https://i.stack.imgur.com/vEluX.jpg)
>
>
> [Mercedes/GM but I can't get the GM photo to upload]: [http://i.stack.imgur.com/RdLVJ.jpg](https://i.stack.imgur.com/RdLVJ.jpg)
>
>
>
The first 2 have small inlets that allow for the reservoir to equalize pressure (Or at least I assume that is what the tiny holes are for). The last one does not seem to have any such inlets, just the rubber seal.
Why are these holes in the caps? Why do some applications have inlets and some do not? | 2016/10/10 | [
"https://mechanics.stackexchange.com/questions/37234",
"https://mechanics.stackexchange.com",
"https://mechanics.stackexchange.com/users/22368/"
] | A hydraulic system uses a pump to create fluid pressure to move cylinders (typically). As the pump builds pressure, it pulls fluid from the oil tank. In turn the pressurized fluid extends the cylinder. When the cylinder is retracted, the fluid is returned to the tank.
The tank is not typically under pressure. To keep it that way, vents are used to allow the fluid to flow easily and avoid pressure building in the tank. If pressure is allowed to build up in the tank, it can cause leaks and hose failure on the low pressure side of the system.
Each system is designed different, so some use the cap to vent the tank, while others have a vent elsewhere, therefore, the cap may not always have a hole.
Sources:
[Hydraulic Systems Need Venting to Prevent Damage](http://www.jonwickham.com/ans0104.htm)
[Does a Hydraulic Reservoir Need Venting?](http://www.ehow.com/info_12129460_hydraulic-reservoir-need-venting.html) | Early system caps were vented to atmosphere where as later systems use a convoluted membrane to follow the fluid level thus keeping the resevoir sealed removing contact with atmospheric moisture and the cap is vented to atmosphere above the membrane. |
49,537,926 | I am just wondering how rabbit is able to give each user a diffent broswer to use from a linux machine it seems like vnc tech but I dont know please let me know if you know how they are able to do that. | 2018/03/28 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/49537926",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/9564819/"
] | There is a somewhat detailed blog post about what their architecture was here: <https://bloggeek.me/rabbit-webrtc-interview/>
I will quote the relevant part for longevity:
>
> We have two main stacks, one for audio/video and one for our business
> logic:
>
>
> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/1WfeO.png)
>
>
> Our audio/video stack is built in Java on top of Netty:
>
>
> Our SFU allows us to use WebRTC with much larger groups than the
> normal use case. For our shared viewing feature (called Rabbitcast™),
> we had to build a native extension to capture and delivery an HD
> stream with audio from our virtual machines. Both of them use our own
> WebRTC server stack to talk to the clients. Our Business Logic stack
> is built on top of Node.js using a promise-based approach to keep our
> sanity.
>
>
> Lastly we use Redis both for intelligent caching and pub/sub. MongoDB
> is our persistent storage.
>
>
> | I am not sure about what exactly they are using but I have some ideas how it works yeah as you already said they are using virtual machines that ported to a html5 vnc client to control and stream video and audio. Other options might be using xpra,x2go,apache guacamole to port them into a html5 client again. |
29,562 | Let's say I have a service that asks registration details from the user and for some reason I, as a provider of that service, can't comply to GDPR and therefore want to refuse registration of new users protected by GDPR or similar law. Is it possible to add a clause in the registration form requiring user to cancel registration of their new account if they are covered by GDPR (or, better, any similar law)?
For simplicity let's assume that I don't have to worry about existing users.
Update: I see similar question that seeks to achieve the same effect by means of introducing filters or by other disruptive means, this is different as it relies on EULA that user should accept before proceeding to use the website. | 2018/06/16 | [
"https://law.stackexchange.com/questions/29562",
"https://law.stackexchange.com",
"https://law.stackexchange.com/users/18664/"
] | Yes, you could do this be means of the EULA, provided you are not in the EU yourself.
You only have to comply with the GDPR if you are offering a product or service to people that are in the EU. If you are making it clear that whatever you offer is not available to Europeans, you make your site exempt from the GDPR. | Technically blocking EU ips may fall under article 22 section 1:
>
> The data subject shall have the right not to be subject to a decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling, which produces legal effects concerning him or her or similarly significantly affects him or her.
>
>
>
And to scope:
Article 3 section 2:
>
> This Regulation applies to the processing of personal data of data subjects who are in the Union by a controller or processor not established in the Union, where the processing activities are related to:
> a) the offering of goods or services, irrespective of whether a payment of the data subject is required, to such data subjects in the Union; or
> b) the monitoring of their behaviour as far as their behaviour takes place within the Union.
>
>
>
So by processing a users ip to designate whether or not they can access a website violates article 3 section 2.b. And more than likely violates article 22 section 1. |
29,562 | Let's say I have a service that asks registration details from the user and for some reason I, as a provider of that service, can't comply to GDPR and therefore want to refuse registration of new users protected by GDPR or similar law. Is it possible to add a clause in the registration form requiring user to cancel registration of their new account if they are covered by GDPR (or, better, any similar law)?
For simplicity let's assume that I don't have to worry about existing users.
Update: I see similar question that seeks to achieve the same effect by means of introducing filters or by other disruptive means, this is different as it relies on EULA that user should accept before proceeding to use the website. | 2018/06/16 | [
"https://law.stackexchange.com/questions/29562",
"https://law.stackexchange.com",
"https://law.stackexchange.com/users/18664/"
] | Yes, you could do this be means of the EULA, provided you are not in the EU yourself.
You only have to comply with the GDPR if you are offering a product or service to people that are in the EU. If you are making it clear that whatever you offer is not available to Europeans, you make your site exempt from the GDPR. | You can outright refuse service to EU citizens. What you can't do is offer them service but only if they accept your terms which include processing their data for non-essential reasons. But an outright block is fine. |
29,562 | Let's say I have a service that asks registration details from the user and for some reason I, as a provider of that service, can't comply to GDPR and therefore want to refuse registration of new users protected by GDPR or similar law. Is it possible to add a clause in the registration form requiring user to cancel registration of their new account if they are covered by GDPR (or, better, any similar law)?
For simplicity let's assume that I don't have to worry about existing users.
Update: I see similar question that seeks to achieve the same effect by means of introducing filters or by other disruptive means, this is different as it relies on EULA that user should accept before proceeding to use the website. | 2018/06/16 | [
"https://law.stackexchange.com/questions/29562",
"https://law.stackexchange.com",
"https://law.stackexchange.com/users/18664/"
] | Yes, you could do this be means of the EULA, provided you are not in the EU yourself.
You only have to comply with the GDPR if you are offering a product or service to people that are in the EU. If you are making it clear that whatever you offer is not available to Europeans, you make your site exempt from the GDPR. | I don't think this will achieve what you want to achieve. It's well known that a general rule users don't read anything.
So whatever you write on your registration form, users from EU countries where the GDPR applies will register for the service if they want to.
I don't see any reason to think that the fact that they didn't follow the registration instructions would prevent the GDPR being enforced against you if you don't comply with it. |
29,562 | Let's say I have a service that asks registration details from the user and for some reason I, as a provider of that service, can't comply to GDPR and therefore want to refuse registration of new users protected by GDPR or similar law. Is it possible to add a clause in the registration form requiring user to cancel registration of their new account if they are covered by GDPR (or, better, any similar law)?
For simplicity let's assume that I don't have to worry about existing users.
Update: I see similar question that seeks to achieve the same effect by means of introducing filters or by other disruptive means, this is different as it relies on EULA that user should accept before proceeding to use the website. | 2018/06/16 | [
"https://law.stackexchange.com/questions/29562",
"https://law.stackexchange.com",
"https://law.stackexchange.com/users/18664/"
] | Technically blocking EU ips may fall under article 22 section 1:
>
> The data subject shall have the right not to be subject to a decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling, which produces legal effects concerning him or her or similarly significantly affects him or her.
>
>
>
And to scope:
Article 3 section 2:
>
> This Regulation applies to the processing of personal data of data subjects who are in the Union by a controller or processor not established in the Union, where the processing activities are related to:
> a) the offering of goods or services, irrespective of whether a payment of the data subject is required, to such data subjects in the Union; or
> b) the monitoring of their behaviour as far as their behaviour takes place within the Union.
>
>
>
So by processing a users ip to designate whether or not they can access a website violates article 3 section 2.b. And more than likely violates article 22 section 1. | I don't think this will achieve what you want to achieve. It's well known that a general rule users don't read anything.
So whatever you write on your registration form, users from EU countries where the GDPR applies will register for the service if they want to.
I don't see any reason to think that the fact that they didn't follow the registration instructions would prevent the GDPR being enforced against you if you don't comply with it. |
29,562 | Let's say I have a service that asks registration details from the user and for some reason I, as a provider of that service, can't comply to GDPR and therefore want to refuse registration of new users protected by GDPR or similar law. Is it possible to add a clause in the registration form requiring user to cancel registration of their new account if they are covered by GDPR (or, better, any similar law)?
For simplicity let's assume that I don't have to worry about existing users.
Update: I see similar question that seeks to achieve the same effect by means of introducing filters or by other disruptive means, this is different as it relies on EULA that user should accept before proceeding to use the website. | 2018/06/16 | [
"https://law.stackexchange.com/questions/29562",
"https://law.stackexchange.com",
"https://law.stackexchange.com/users/18664/"
] | You can outright refuse service to EU citizens. What you can't do is offer them service but only if they accept your terms which include processing their data for non-essential reasons. But an outright block is fine. | I don't think this will achieve what you want to achieve. It's well known that a general rule users don't read anything.
So whatever you write on your registration form, users from EU countries where the GDPR applies will register for the service if they want to.
I don't see any reason to think that the fact that they didn't follow the registration instructions would prevent the GDPR being enforced against you if you don't comply with it. |
149,649 | Can I use two whatsapp accounts on same device?
If how
Note: my device is rooted | 2016/06/30 | [
"https://android.stackexchange.com/questions/149649",
"https://android.stackexchange.com",
"https://android.stackexchange.com/users/173805/"
] | 1. Download the [Parallel Space](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.lbe.parallel.intl) app.
2. Tap WhatsApp icon and you'll be prompted to sign in to the second WhatsApp
3. When it gets to verifying your phone number, use the other number you want to use and select call verification after sms verification fails.
4. Voila, you have one WhatsApp account on your first number and to access the other WhatsApp use the Parallel Space App. | Do you have the duel sim galaxy star?
To my knowledge Whatsapp uses a phone number to create an account so if you have duel sim cards it *could* be possible.
For example;- You have your phone with your contacts saved to its local storage and used whatsapp with a first sim's phone number but then swapped it for a second sim with a new number, then opened whatsapp with that phone number the account would be different but obviously all the contacts wouldn't recognise your account as it would be a new one.
So, if you were able to set the default simcard for whatsapp in app settings, in theory, you should be able to have two separate whatsapp accounts on one phone but you would have to verify the number each time you switched account with the code it will want to send to the phone number you want to use at that time.
Do you want to have two official whatsapps installed on one device though? Using them at the same time send/receiving messages to/from both? |
364,257 | I have purchased 2 different houses in the base Skyrim Elder Scrolls 5 Game. I want to download Hearthfire, but I am afraid of losing all of my stuff because I shoved a lot of stuff in there. Here is the question I am really asking.
If I download Hearthfire, will I lose my stuff? | 2020/02/21 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/364257",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/244338/"
] | Don't worry, your loot will be safe.
Hearthfire's new houses aren't actually in place of any of the houses that were there in vanilla Skyrim - instead, three areas of the countryside are converted into potential building sites for Homesteads.
Your purchased houses and their contents, therefore, won't be altered. | You won't loose all of your loot even if you want to have Hearthfire. :) |
963,037 | I am very new to the whole server stuff.
My boss asked me to setup a server for our small company and in the company we have PCs that use different version of windows (such as win7, win8, win10 and 1 or 2 PCs use mac os). If I setup a server using windows server 2016, will that server be able to communicate with all of our PCs? Such as deploying GPO or files transfer or user account management? Thank you! | 2019/04/14 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/963037",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/519281/"
] | <https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/azuresqldbsupport/2016/07/27/lesson-learned-4-modifying-the-default-time-zone-for-your-local-time-zone/>
>
> Currently, the default time zone on Azure SQL DB is UTC. Unfortunately, there is not possible to change by server configuration or database configuration.
>
>
> | You need to set the WEBSITE\_TIME\_ZONE app setting. Please refer to the following link:
<https://github.com/projectkudu/kudu/wiki/Configurable-settings#set-the-time-zone> |
963,037 | I am very new to the whole server stuff.
My boss asked me to setup a server for our small company and in the company we have PCs that use different version of windows (such as win7, win8, win10 and 1 or 2 PCs use mac os). If I setup a server using windows server 2016, will that server be able to communicate with all of our PCs? Such as deploying GPO or files transfer or user account management? Thank you! | 2019/04/14 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/963037",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/519281/"
] | It appears that you can now set the timezone upon creation but there is not an option to change it after that.
<https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/sql-database/sql-database-managed-instance-timezone>
This is still in public preview though: <https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/updates/managed-instance-time-zone-preview/> | You need to set the WEBSITE\_TIME\_ZONE app setting. Please refer to the following link:
<https://github.com/projectkudu/kudu/wiki/Configurable-settings#set-the-time-zone> |
963,037 | I am very new to the whole server stuff.
My boss asked me to setup a server for our small company and in the company we have PCs that use different version of windows (such as win7, win8, win10 and 1 or 2 PCs use mac os). If I setup a server using windows server 2016, will that server be able to communicate with all of our PCs? Such as deploying GPO or files transfer or user account management? Thank you! | 2019/04/14 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/963037",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/519281/"
] | <https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/azuresqldbsupport/2016/07/27/lesson-learned-4-modifying-the-default-time-zone-for-your-local-time-zone/>
>
> Currently, the default time zone on Azure SQL DB is UTC. Unfortunately, there is not possible to change by server configuration or database configuration.
>
>
> | Azure SQL databases are set to UTC timezone with no option to change them. |
963,037 | I am very new to the whole server stuff.
My boss asked me to setup a server for our small company and in the company we have PCs that use different version of windows (such as win7, win8, win10 and 1 or 2 PCs use mac os). If I setup a server using windows server 2016, will that server be able to communicate with all of our PCs? Such as deploying GPO or files transfer or user account management? Thank you! | 2019/04/14 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/963037",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/519281/"
] | It appears that you can now set the timezone upon creation but there is not an option to change it after that.
<https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/sql-database/sql-database-managed-instance-timezone>
This is still in public preview though: <https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/updates/managed-instance-time-zone-preview/> | Azure SQL databases are set to UTC timezone with no option to change them. |
963,037 | I am very new to the whole server stuff.
My boss asked me to setup a server for our small company and in the company we have PCs that use different version of windows (such as win7, win8, win10 and 1 or 2 PCs use mac os). If I setup a server using windows server 2016, will that server be able to communicate with all of our PCs? Such as deploying GPO or files transfer or user account management? Thank you! | 2019/04/14 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/963037",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/519281/"
] | <https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/azuresqldbsupport/2016/07/27/lesson-learned-4-modifying-the-default-time-zone-for-your-local-time-zone/>
>
> Currently, the default time zone on Azure SQL DB is UTC. Unfortunately, there is not possible to change by server configuration or database configuration.
>
>
> | It appears that you can now set the timezone upon creation but there is not an option to change it after that.
<https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/sql-database/sql-database-managed-instance-timezone>
This is still in public preview though: <https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/updates/managed-instance-time-zone-preview/> |
232,063 | This is a metal detector question, with one assumption. That is, the detecting is done by eddy currents in the target changing the resonant frequency of the detecting coil.
The question then becomes, would it be easier to detect (say) a piece of Aluminum or a few turns of copper wire (closed circuit coil) of the same mass? | 2016/05/03 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/232063",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/56642/"
] | If you want independent monitoring of all three sense resistors then use an op-amp like the AD8608 quad op-amp - it has [rail-to-rail](http://www.edn.com/electronics-blogs/bakers-best/4400897/What-does--rail-to-rail--input-operation-really-mean-) capabilities and use three of the op-amps as non-inverting amplifiers like this: -
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/19vn5.png)
Gain is Rf/Rg + 1. I would also put an RC low pass filter in line with the non-inverting input - probably initially try 10k and 10nF. This also acts to protect the op-amp inputs should there be ground bounce. | You dont need any instrumentation amplifier. Check page 12. The inverting terminal is connected to the internal voltage reg and the non inverting to the GND. Its just an intelligent selection of Rsense.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/xrZSY.png)
Use the /COMPO pin to interrupt your MCU on the relevant over current detection. |
232,063 | This is a metal detector question, with one assumption. That is, the detecting is done by eddy currents in the target changing the resonant frequency of the detecting coil.
The question then becomes, would it be easier to detect (say) a piece of Aluminum or a few turns of copper wire (closed circuit coil) of the same mass? | 2016/05/03 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/232063",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/56642/"
] | If you want independent monitoring of all three sense resistors then use an op-amp like the AD8608 quad op-amp - it has [rail-to-rail](http://www.edn.com/electronics-blogs/bakers-best/4400897/What-does--rail-to-rail--input-operation-really-mean-) capabilities and use three of the op-amps as non-inverting amplifiers like this: -
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/19vn5.png)
Gain is Rf/Rg + 1. I would also put an RC low pass filter in line with the non-inverting input - probably initially try 10k and 10nF. This also acts to protect the op-amp inputs should there be ground bounce. | Low side sensing isn't suitable for motor current measurement, latter can be used only for overcurrent detection and not for current measurement suitable for FOC.
You would need to place a series resistor from output and use high side current sensing technique, but only at two phases since the third is calculated Ia+Ib+Ic=0. |
232,063 | This is a metal detector question, with one assumption. That is, the detecting is done by eddy currents in the target changing the resonant frequency of the detecting coil.
The question then becomes, would it be easier to detect (say) a piece of Aluminum or a few turns of copper wire (closed circuit coil) of the same mass? | 2016/05/03 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/232063",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/56642/"
] | You can use a differential op-amp amplifier as follows:
[simulate this circuit](/plugins/schematics?image=http%3a%2f%2fi.stack.imgur.com%2fCGGsx.png) – Schematic created using [CircuitLab](https://www.circuitlab.com/)
OA1 is a RRIO amplifier.
The 'extra' resistors allows you to use a Kelvin connection to the sense resistor and thus eliminate errors due to the traces.
R3 should be a non-inductive type. D1 and D2 are optional (could be a dual too) to clamp any transients.
You'll get transients from the gate drivers even without the motor- a good gate driver might source a few amperes. | You dont need any instrumentation amplifier. Check page 12. The inverting terminal is connected to the internal voltage reg and the non inverting to the GND. Its just an intelligent selection of Rsense.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/xrZSY.png)
Use the /COMPO pin to interrupt your MCU on the relevant over current detection. |
232,063 | This is a metal detector question, with one assumption. That is, the detecting is done by eddy currents in the target changing the resonant frequency of the detecting coil.
The question then becomes, would it be easier to detect (say) a piece of Aluminum or a few turns of copper wire (closed circuit coil) of the same mass? | 2016/05/03 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/232063",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/56642/"
] | You can use a differential op-amp amplifier as follows:
[simulate this circuit](/plugins/schematics?image=http%3a%2f%2fi.stack.imgur.com%2fCGGsx.png) – Schematic created using [CircuitLab](https://www.circuitlab.com/)
OA1 is a RRIO amplifier.
The 'extra' resistors allows you to use a Kelvin connection to the sense resistor and thus eliminate errors due to the traces.
R3 should be a non-inductive type. D1 and D2 are optional (could be a dual too) to clamp any transients.
You'll get transients from the gate drivers even without the motor- a good gate driver might source a few amperes. | Low side sensing isn't suitable for motor current measurement, latter can be used only for overcurrent detection and not for current measurement suitable for FOC.
You would need to place a series resistor from output and use high side current sensing technique, but only at two phases since the third is calculated Ia+Ib+Ic=0. |
15,469,273 | There are many query tools for SQL databases, e.g. QTADO, navicat, etc. Are there similar tools for Cassandra and other noSQL databases? I need it mostly for testing during development of Cassandra apps. | 2013/03/18 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/15469273",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1034974/"
] | Aqua Data Studio has a native interface to it, not sure how much functionality it supports, link is below. I have no stake or interest in ADS, just looking for some tools as well.
<http://www.aquafold.com/dbspecific/apache_cassandra_client.html> | I use Visual Studio Code and <https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=mtxr.sqltools> extension. It supports various db-s, including cassandra. |
15,469,273 | There are many query tools for SQL databases, e.g. QTADO, navicat, etc. Are there similar tools for Cassandra and other noSQL databases? I need it mostly for testing during development of Cassandra apps. | 2013/03/18 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/15469273",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1034974/"
] | Playorm supports S-SQL for Cassandra and you can use it's command line tool to execute SQL statements. For more details visit <http://buffalosw.com/wiki/Command-Line-Tool/> | I ended up using the OLEDB provider for Cassandra, and QTADO tool (with CQL3 commands). |
15,469,273 | There are many query tools for SQL databases, e.g. QTADO, navicat, etc. Are there similar tools for Cassandra and other noSQL databases? I need it mostly for testing during development of Cassandra apps. | 2013/03/18 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/15469273",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1034974/"
] | Aqua Data Studio is great for Cassandra, MongoDb and many other NoSQL and SQL DBs. Unfortunately its pricey (499) for an average Joe and they don't have a community license. | Unfortunately no, i don't think there is any such tool for cassandra. Though viewer tool are available, say Datastax Opscenter, tool developed by the company behind cassandra. Also TOAD for NOSQL is also available. |
15,469,273 | There are many query tools for SQL databases, e.g. QTADO, navicat, etc. Are there similar tools for Cassandra and other noSQL databases? I need it mostly for testing during development of Cassandra apps. | 2013/03/18 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/15469273",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1034974/"
] | Aqua Data Studio is great for Cassandra, MongoDb and many other NoSQL and SQL DBs. Unfortunately its pricey (499) for an average Joe and they don't have a community license. | I use Visual Studio Code and <https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=mtxr.sqltools> extension. It supports various db-s, including cassandra. |
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