qid int64 1 74.7M | question stringlengths 12 33.8k | date stringlengths 10 10 | metadata list | response_j stringlengths 0 115k | response_k stringlengths 2 98.3k |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
24,187 | In the USSR there flourished some very interesting machines, including the БЭСМ and МЭСМ lines, the Сетунь, the [ЭВМ Стрела](http://www.quadibloc.com/comp/cp0308.htm) and others.
Maybe the most famous ones are
* БЭСМ-4, which is said to have done [the first computer animation](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=so_HQKv-Bmk),
* the БЭСМ-6, a 48-bit mainframe supporting the Soyuz project sending stuff to outer space,
* or the ternary (not binary!) [Setun](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Setun).
These here computers I've listed look like real successes to me. But then suddenly, around 1980 I would guess, the БЭСМ line stopped being developed any further, the 1801s had their microprograms altered to interpret PDP-11 instructions (this presumably means eschewing the native instruction set they had before, Elektronica NC, about which there is very little information online), chips like the КР1858ВМ1 and other Z80 and 8080 clones started being more common, the [Toshiba-Kongsberg scandal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba%E2%80%93Kongsberg_scandal), etc etc,
I'm not sure how much of this is to do with miniaturization. In the West there are examples of big machines being later implemented on single chips (Harris 6120, TI9900, etc. etc), but I don't see that kind of thing happen with any of the indigenous Russian designs. So I tentatively suggest that this change was not merely a result of technological advancement, but that interest in Western computers grew, and interest in native computers waned.
Why did this happen? | 2022/03/29 | [
"https://retrocomputing.stackexchange.com/questions/24187",
"https://retrocomputing.stackexchange.com",
"https://retrocomputing.stackexchange.com/users/576/"
] | I'm not sure your question is correct. You posit that native Soviet designs were ahead until some point around 1980, when "suddenly" clones of Western designs took over. In fact, Comecon countries started cloning Western machines way earlier. Three examples from the top of my mind, cloning the most successful Western designs of their time:
* There was the [ES EVM (ЕС ЭВМ) series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ES_EVM) of IBM System/360 / System/370 compatible machines. Work began in 1968, production began in 1972.
* The Hungarian [TPA series](http://hampage.hu/tpa/e_index.html) of machines started with a clone of the PDP-8 in 1968, and later included clones of the PDP-11 (1977) and the VAX.
* Production of the [SM EVM (СМ ЭВМ)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SM_EVM), a Soviet PDP-11 clone, started in 1975.
The [PDP-8 FAQ](https://homepage.cs.uiowa.edu/%7Ejones/pdp8/faqs/) lists two more Soviet PDP-8 clones (Electronica-100, Saratov-2), but without giving dates. Similarly, the [PDP-11's Wikipedia page](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDP-11#Unlicensed_clones) has a long list of unlicensed clones from Comecon countries, though I don't know how many of those predate 1980.
It's interesting to compare the BESM-6 (БЭСМ-6) from your question with the ES EVM. Both are mainframes designed in the mid-60s, with production starting in the late 60s and ending (with various modifications and improvements along the way) in the 80s. [355 BESM-6 were made](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BESM-6), but - if you include production in other Comecon countries - [more than 15000 ES EVM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ES_EVM).
In general, the number of computers produced in the East was rather low: [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_computer_hardware_in_Soviet_Bloc_countries) cites a source stating that "by 1972 the Comecon countries had produced around 7,500 computers, compared to 120,000 in the rest of the world." Reproducing Western architectures meant that software was (more or less) readily available (and definitely [easier to smuggle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_computing_technology_smuggling) ;-) ), whereas it had to be rewritten for home grown designs. | I highly recommend Jimmy Maher’s series, [“Tales of the Mirror World,”](https://www.filfre.net/2017/06/tales-of-the-mirror-world-part-1-calculators-and-cybernetics/) posted on the Digital Antiquarian blog. (Which anyone who scrolls this far down the page should definitely be reading!)
In particular, part II covers the inflection point, around 1970, when the Soviet Union gave up on designing systems like the BESM mainframe, which was technically on par with Western computers despite not being made from integrated circuits, but which the Soviet Union was unable to produce in quantity. The main problem it had was not in its computer designs, as the Rand Corporation noted at the time, but its ability to produce them. In 1970, the Soviet Union only had approximately five thousand computers.
The article gives as an example:
>
> A popular story that circulated around Western intelligence circles for years involved Viktor Belenko, a Soviet pilot who went rogue, flying his state-of-the-art MIG-25 fighter jet to a Japanese airport and defecting there in 1976. When American engineers examined his MIG-25, they found a plane that was indeed a technological marvel in many respects, able to fly faster and higher than any Western fighter. Yet its electronics used unreliable vacuum tubes rather than transistors, much less integrated circuits — a crippling disadvantage on the field of battle. The contrast with the West, which had left the era of the vacuum tube behind almost two decades ago, was so extreme that there was some discussion of whether Belenko might be a double agent, his whole defection a Soviet plot to convince the West that they were absurdly far behind in terms of electronics technology. Sadly for the Soviets, the vacuum tubes weren’t the result of any elaborate KGB plot, but rather just a backward electronics industry.
>
>
>
The Ryad project that began in 1970 marked a departure from the BESM-6, in that it was a copy of the IBM 360. It would not be the last: Leo D. Bores, an American surgeon who saw the Agat microcomputer called it a copy of the Apple II, and a bad one. DEC was aware that the Eastern Bloc was copying its designs, and began etching messages in pidgin Russian into their CPUs, where they would show up on X-ray scans. One of them was intended to say, “CVAX: When you care enough to steal the very best.” The East German team reverse-engineering the CPU, either unfamiliar with the Hallmark greeting-card slogan the Americans were riffing off of, or wanting to flatter their Russian overlords, told them that it said, “Why steal? You already have the best.” Similarly, the KP580BM80A is, as the name suggests, a copy of the Intel 8080.
Up until the 1970s, the Soviet Union had sometimes been able to buy chip-fabricating equipment from the West, but the Carter and Reagan administrations put export restrictions on American technology that ended those transactions. Starting in 1970, the Soviets began trying to split up the design and manufacturing of different computer components among its Warsaw Pact allies.
There was at least one locally designed computer of the ’80s that deserves mention, however: the [Electronica BK-0010.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q8_06bY4wGI) Its CPU was compatible with the instruction set of the American PDP-11, but was an original design, and the machine was a 16-bit personal computer at a time when most American home computers were still 8-bit. It cost one-fifth as much as the Agat, although that meant there was always a long waiting-list to get one, and some people instead tried putting one together from kits. It was created to fulfill a promise by the new Soviet Premier, Mikhail Gorbachev, to put a computer in every classroom. |
24,187 | In the USSR there flourished some very interesting machines, including the БЭСМ and МЭСМ lines, the Сетунь, the [ЭВМ Стрела](http://www.quadibloc.com/comp/cp0308.htm) and others.
Maybe the most famous ones are
* БЭСМ-4, which is said to have done [the first computer animation](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=so_HQKv-Bmk),
* the БЭСМ-6, a 48-bit mainframe supporting the Soyuz project sending stuff to outer space,
* or the ternary (not binary!) [Setun](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Setun).
These here computers I've listed look like real successes to me. But then suddenly, around 1980 I would guess, the БЭСМ line stopped being developed any further, the 1801s had their microprograms altered to interpret PDP-11 instructions (this presumably means eschewing the native instruction set they had before, Elektronica NC, about which there is very little information online), chips like the КР1858ВМ1 and other Z80 and 8080 clones started being more common, the [Toshiba-Kongsberg scandal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba%E2%80%93Kongsberg_scandal), etc etc,
I'm not sure how much of this is to do with miniaturization. In the West there are examples of big machines being later implemented on single chips (Harris 6120, TI9900, etc. etc), but I don't see that kind of thing happen with any of the indigenous Russian designs. So I tentatively suggest that this change was not merely a result of technological advancement, but that interest in Western computers grew, and interest in native computers waned.
Why did this happen? | 2022/03/29 | [
"https://retrocomputing.stackexchange.com/questions/24187",
"https://retrocomputing.stackexchange.com",
"https://retrocomputing.stackexchange.com/users/576/"
] | I'm not sure your question is correct. You posit that native Soviet designs were ahead until some point around 1980, when "suddenly" clones of Western designs took over. In fact, Comecon countries started cloning Western machines way earlier. Three examples from the top of my mind, cloning the most successful Western designs of their time:
* There was the [ES EVM (ЕС ЭВМ) series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ES_EVM) of IBM System/360 / System/370 compatible machines. Work began in 1968, production began in 1972.
* The Hungarian [TPA series](http://hampage.hu/tpa/e_index.html) of machines started with a clone of the PDP-8 in 1968, and later included clones of the PDP-11 (1977) and the VAX.
* Production of the [SM EVM (СМ ЭВМ)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SM_EVM), a Soviet PDP-11 clone, started in 1975.
The [PDP-8 FAQ](https://homepage.cs.uiowa.edu/%7Ejones/pdp8/faqs/) lists two more Soviet PDP-8 clones (Electronica-100, Saratov-2), but without giving dates. Similarly, the [PDP-11's Wikipedia page](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDP-11#Unlicensed_clones) has a long list of unlicensed clones from Comecon countries, though I don't know how many of those predate 1980.
It's interesting to compare the BESM-6 (БЭСМ-6) from your question with the ES EVM. Both are mainframes designed in the mid-60s, with production starting in the late 60s and ending (with various modifications and improvements along the way) in the 80s. [355 BESM-6 were made](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BESM-6), but - if you include production in other Comecon countries - [more than 15000 ES EVM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ES_EVM).
In general, the number of computers produced in the East was rather low: [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_computer_hardware_in_Soviet_Bloc_countries) cites a source stating that "by 1972 the Comecon countries had produced around 7,500 computers, compared to 120,000 in the rest of the world." Reproducing Western architectures meant that software was (more or less) readily available (and definitely [easier to smuggle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_computing_technology_smuggling) ;-) ), whereas it had to be rewritten for home grown designs. | COCOM and similar things were mentioned. But that "marvellous design" OmarL mentioned was seen in the USSR at the time as heterogeneity and inefficient fund spending. They wanted a one size fit all, something similar to the position of the IBM at the time.
In 1969 the [decision](https://www.rbth.com/science_and_tech/2014/09/24/computers_in_the_ussr_a_story_of_missed_opportunities_40073.html) came to copy Western designs. (It was made by a joint ministry group, as far as I understand.) This decision is widely cited as the beginning of the downfall of the Soviet computer development, and not only by Russians themselves. The Soviets switching to IBM was [seen](https://www.cs.utexas.edu/%7EEWD/transcriptions/EWD05xx/EWD506.html) as a great success for US. The scaling-down of the hardware, especially in the late 80s, additionally made the gap larger with the time. |
24,187 | In the USSR there flourished some very interesting machines, including the БЭСМ and МЭСМ lines, the Сетунь, the [ЭВМ Стрела](http://www.quadibloc.com/comp/cp0308.htm) and others.
Maybe the most famous ones are
* БЭСМ-4, which is said to have done [the first computer animation](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=so_HQKv-Bmk),
* the БЭСМ-6, a 48-bit mainframe supporting the Soyuz project sending stuff to outer space,
* or the ternary (not binary!) [Setun](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Setun).
These here computers I've listed look like real successes to me. But then suddenly, around 1980 I would guess, the БЭСМ line stopped being developed any further, the 1801s had their microprograms altered to interpret PDP-11 instructions (this presumably means eschewing the native instruction set they had before, Elektronica NC, about which there is very little information online), chips like the КР1858ВМ1 and other Z80 and 8080 clones started being more common, the [Toshiba-Kongsberg scandal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba%E2%80%93Kongsberg_scandal), etc etc,
I'm not sure how much of this is to do with miniaturization. In the West there are examples of big machines being later implemented on single chips (Harris 6120, TI9900, etc. etc), but I don't see that kind of thing happen with any of the indigenous Russian designs. So I tentatively suggest that this change was not merely a result of technological advancement, but that interest in Western computers grew, and interest in native computers waned.
Why did this happen? | 2022/03/29 | [
"https://retrocomputing.stackexchange.com/questions/24187",
"https://retrocomputing.stackexchange.com",
"https://retrocomputing.stackexchange.com/users/576/"
] | 1. Economy of scale.
The "scale" part requires an economy to back the development and the production by buying the products. The iron curtain separated the "west" (an economy with ~1 billion people) and the "east" (~300 million people with much less GDP per capita). Other parts of the world are not counted because they came late to the party.
2. Administrative approach vs free market approach. Only the first western projects were government-run (with the usual governmental overhead). Then, the market took off.
3. A lot of effort in the east went to making the designs intentionally different than the western approach to the same task - and not necessarily better. Here goes Setun as well.
4. Once sufficiently lagged and constrained in R&D resources, the east was much more interested in cloning and reverse-engineering the western designs. This was much more successful than reinventing a wheel after a wheel.
And then, what exactly did the East better? (I am from the East, I know the answer.) | There is still development of original computer architectures in Russia, but they don't seem to get used commercially very much. In the post-Soviet era, most businesses preferred imported computers, for both performance and reliability.
The [Elbrus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbrus_(computer)) brand name covers several ISAs, which are mostly used in space and defence systems. |
24,187 | In the USSR there flourished some very interesting machines, including the БЭСМ and МЭСМ lines, the Сетунь, the [ЭВМ Стрела](http://www.quadibloc.com/comp/cp0308.htm) and others.
Maybe the most famous ones are
* БЭСМ-4, which is said to have done [the first computer animation](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=so_HQKv-Bmk),
* the БЭСМ-6, a 48-bit mainframe supporting the Soyuz project sending stuff to outer space,
* or the ternary (not binary!) [Setun](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Setun).
These here computers I've listed look like real successes to me. But then suddenly, around 1980 I would guess, the БЭСМ line stopped being developed any further, the 1801s had their microprograms altered to interpret PDP-11 instructions (this presumably means eschewing the native instruction set they had before, Elektronica NC, about which there is very little information online), chips like the КР1858ВМ1 and other Z80 and 8080 clones started being more common, the [Toshiba-Kongsberg scandal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba%E2%80%93Kongsberg_scandal), etc etc,
I'm not sure how much of this is to do with miniaturization. In the West there are examples of big machines being later implemented on single chips (Harris 6120, TI9900, etc. etc), but I don't see that kind of thing happen with any of the indigenous Russian designs. So I tentatively suggest that this change was not merely a result of technological advancement, but that interest in Western computers grew, and interest in native computers waned.
Why did this happen? | 2022/03/29 | [
"https://retrocomputing.stackexchange.com/questions/24187",
"https://retrocomputing.stackexchange.com",
"https://retrocomputing.stackexchange.com/users/576/"
] | 1. Economy of scale.
The "scale" part requires an economy to back the development and the production by buying the products. The iron curtain separated the "west" (an economy with ~1 billion people) and the "east" (~300 million people with much less GDP per capita). Other parts of the world are not counted because they came late to the party.
2. Administrative approach vs free market approach. Only the first western projects were government-run (with the usual governmental overhead). Then, the market took off.
3. A lot of effort in the east went to making the designs intentionally different than the western approach to the same task - and not necessarily better. Here goes Setun as well.
4. Once sufficiently lagged and constrained in R&D resources, the east was much more interested in cloning and reverse-engineering the western designs. This was much more successful than reinventing a wheel after a wheel.
And then, what exactly did the East better? (I am from the East, I know the answer.) | COCOM and similar things were mentioned. But that "marvellous design" OmarL mentioned was seen in the USSR at the time as heterogeneity and inefficient fund spending. They wanted a one size fit all, something similar to the position of the IBM at the time.
In 1969 the [decision](https://www.rbth.com/science_and_tech/2014/09/24/computers_in_the_ussr_a_story_of_missed_opportunities_40073.html) came to copy Western designs. (It was made by a joint ministry group, as far as I understand.) This decision is widely cited as the beginning of the downfall of the Soviet computer development, and not only by Russians themselves. The Soviets switching to IBM was [seen](https://www.cs.utexas.edu/%7EEWD/transcriptions/EWD05xx/EWD506.html) as a great success for US. The scaling-down of the hardware, especially in the late 80s, additionally made the gap larger with the time. |
24,187 | In the USSR there flourished some very interesting machines, including the БЭСМ and МЭСМ lines, the Сетунь, the [ЭВМ Стрела](http://www.quadibloc.com/comp/cp0308.htm) and others.
Maybe the most famous ones are
* БЭСМ-4, which is said to have done [the first computer animation](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=so_HQKv-Bmk),
* the БЭСМ-6, a 48-bit mainframe supporting the Soyuz project sending stuff to outer space,
* or the ternary (not binary!) [Setun](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Setun).
These here computers I've listed look like real successes to me. But then suddenly, around 1980 I would guess, the БЭСМ line stopped being developed any further, the 1801s had their microprograms altered to interpret PDP-11 instructions (this presumably means eschewing the native instruction set they had before, Elektronica NC, about which there is very little information online), chips like the КР1858ВМ1 and other Z80 and 8080 clones started being more common, the [Toshiba-Kongsberg scandal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba%E2%80%93Kongsberg_scandal), etc etc,
I'm not sure how much of this is to do with miniaturization. In the West there are examples of big machines being later implemented on single chips (Harris 6120, TI9900, etc. etc), but I don't see that kind of thing happen with any of the indigenous Russian designs. So I tentatively suggest that this change was not merely a result of technological advancement, but that interest in Western computers grew, and interest in native computers waned.
Why did this happen? | 2022/03/29 | [
"https://retrocomputing.stackexchange.com/questions/24187",
"https://retrocomputing.stackexchange.com",
"https://retrocomputing.stackexchange.com/users/576/"
] | I highly recommend Jimmy Maher’s series, [“Tales of the Mirror World,”](https://www.filfre.net/2017/06/tales-of-the-mirror-world-part-1-calculators-and-cybernetics/) posted on the Digital Antiquarian blog. (Which anyone who scrolls this far down the page should definitely be reading!)
In particular, part II covers the inflection point, around 1970, when the Soviet Union gave up on designing systems like the BESM mainframe, which was technically on par with Western computers despite not being made from integrated circuits, but which the Soviet Union was unable to produce in quantity. The main problem it had was not in its computer designs, as the Rand Corporation noted at the time, but its ability to produce them. In 1970, the Soviet Union only had approximately five thousand computers.
The article gives as an example:
>
> A popular story that circulated around Western intelligence circles for years involved Viktor Belenko, a Soviet pilot who went rogue, flying his state-of-the-art MIG-25 fighter jet to a Japanese airport and defecting there in 1976. When American engineers examined his MIG-25, they found a plane that was indeed a technological marvel in many respects, able to fly faster and higher than any Western fighter. Yet its electronics used unreliable vacuum tubes rather than transistors, much less integrated circuits — a crippling disadvantage on the field of battle. The contrast with the West, which had left the era of the vacuum tube behind almost two decades ago, was so extreme that there was some discussion of whether Belenko might be a double agent, his whole defection a Soviet plot to convince the West that they were absurdly far behind in terms of electronics technology. Sadly for the Soviets, the vacuum tubes weren’t the result of any elaborate KGB plot, but rather just a backward electronics industry.
>
>
>
The Ryad project that began in 1970 marked a departure from the BESM-6, in that it was a copy of the IBM 360. It would not be the last: Leo D. Bores, an American surgeon who saw the Agat microcomputer called it a copy of the Apple II, and a bad one. DEC was aware that the Eastern Bloc was copying its designs, and began etching messages in pidgin Russian into their CPUs, where they would show up on X-ray scans. One of them was intended to say, “CVAX: When you care enough to steal the very best.” The East German team reverse-engineering the CPU, either unfamiliar with the Hallmark greeting-card slogan the Americans were riffing off of, or wanting to flatter their Russian overlords, told them that it said, “Why steal? You already have the best.” Similarly, the KP580BM80A is, as the name suggests, a copy of the Intel 8080.
Up until the 1970s, the Soviet Union had sometimes been able to buy chip-fabricating equipment from the West, but the Carter and Reagan administrations put export restrictions on American technology that ended those transactions. Starting in 1970, the Soviets began trying to split up the design and manufacturing of different computer components among its Warsaw Pact allies.
There was at least one locally designed computer of the ’80s that deserves mention, however: the [Electronica BK-0010.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q8_06bY4wGI) Its CPU was compatible with the instruction set of the American PDP-11, but was an original design, and the machine was a 16-bit personal computer at a time when most American home computers were still 8-bit. It cost one-fifth as much as the Agat, although that meant there was always a long waiting-list to get one, and some people instead tried putting one together from kits. It was created to fulfill a promise by the new Soviet Premier, Mikhail Gorbachev, to put a computer in every classroom. | There is still development of original computer architectures in Russia, but they don't seem to get used commercially very much. In the post-Soviet era, most businesses preferred imported computers, for both performance and reliability.
The [Elbrus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbrus_(computer)) brand name covers several ISAs, which are mostly used in space and defence systems. |
24,187 | In the USSR there flourished some very interesting machines, including the БЭСМ and МЭСМ lines, the Сетунь, the [ЭВМ Стрела](http://www.quadibloc.com/comp/cp0308.htm) and others.
Maybe the most famous ones are
* БЭСМ-4, which is said to have done [the first computer animation](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=so_HQKv-Bmk),
* the БЭСМ-6, a 48-bit mainframe supporting the Soyuz project sending stuff to outer space,
* or the ternary (not binary!) [Setun](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Setun).
These here computers I've listed look like real successes to me. But then suddenly, around 1980 I would guess, the БЭСМ line stopped being developed any further, the 1801s had their microprograms altered to interpret PDP-11 instructions (this presumably means eschewing the native instruction set they had before, Elektronica NC, about which there is very little information online), chips like the КР1858ВМ1 and other Z80 and 8080 clones started being more common, the [Toshiba-Kongsberg scandal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba%E2%80%93Kongsberg_scandal), etc etc,
I'm not sure how much of this is to do with miniaturization. In the West there are examples of big machines being later implemented on single chips (Harris 6120, TI9900, etc. etc), but I don't see that kind of thing happen with any of the indigenous Russian designs. So I tentatively suggest that this change was not merely a result of technological advancement, but that interest in Western computers grew, and interest in native computers waned.
Why did this happen? | 2022/03/29 | [
"https://retrocomputing.stackexchange.com/questions/24187",
"https://retrocomputing.stackexchange.com",
"https://retrocomputing.stackexchange.com/users/576/"
] | I highly recommend Jimmy Maher’s series, [“Tales of the Mirror World,”](https://www.filfre.net/2017/06/tales-of-the-mirror-world-part-1-calculators-and-cybernetics/) posted on the Digital Antiquarian blog. (Which anyone who scrolls this far down the page should definitely be reading!)
In particular, part II covers the inflection point, around 1970, when the Soviet Union gave up on designing systems like the BESM mainframe, which was technically on par with Western computers despite not being made from integrated circuits, but which the Soviet Union was unable to produce in quantity. The main problem it had was not in its computer designs, as the Rand Corporation noted at the time, but its ability to produce them. In 1970, the Soviet Union only had approximately five thousand computers.
The article gives as an example:
>
> A popular story that circulated around Western intelligence circles for years involved Viktor Belenko, a Soviet pilot who went rogue, flying his state-of-the-art MIG-25 fighter jet to a Japanese airport and defecting there in 1976. When American engineers examined his MIG-25, they found a plane that was indeed a technological marvel in many respects, able to fly faster and higher than any Western fighter. Yet its electronics used unreliable vacuum tubes rather than transistors, much less integrated circuits — a crippling disadvantage on the field of battle. The contrast with the West, which had left the era of the vacuum tube behind almost two decades ago, was so extreme that there was some discussion of whether Belenko might be a double agent, his whole defection a Soviet plot to convince the West that they were absurdly far behind in terms of electronics technology. Sadly for the Soviets, the vacuum tubes weren’t the result of any elaborate KGB plot, but rather just a backward electronics industry.
>
>
>
The Ryad project that began in 1970 marked a departure from the BESM-6, in that it was a copy of the IBM 360. It would not be the last: Leo D. Bores, an American surgeon who saw the Agat microcomputer called it a copy of the Apple II, and a bad one. DEC was aware that the Eastern Bloc was copying its designs, and began etching messages in pidgin Russian into their CPUs, where they would show up on X-ray scans. One of them was intended to say, “CVAX: When you care enough to steal the very best.” The East German team reverse-engineering the CPU, either unfamiliar with the Hallmark greeting-card slogan the Americans were riffing off of, or wanting to flatter their Russian overlords, told them that it said, “Why steal? You already have the best.” Similarly, the KP580BM80A is, as the name suggests, a copy of the Intel 8080.
Up until the 1970s, the Soviet Union had sometimes been able to buy chip-fabricating equipment from the West, but the Carter and Reagan administrations put export restrictions on American technology that ended those transactions. Starting in 1970, the Soviets began trying to split up the design and manufacturing of different computer components among its Warsaw Pact allies.
There was at least one locally designed computer of the ’80s that deserves mention, however: the [Electronica BK-0010.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q8_06bY4wGI) Its CPU was compatible with the instruction set of the American PDP-11, but was an original design, and the machine was a 16-bit personal computer at a time when most American home computers were still 8-bit. It cost one-fifth as much as the Agat, although that meant there was always a long waiting-list to get one, and some people instead tried putting one together from kits. It was created to fulfill a promise by the new Soviet Premier, Mikhail Gorbachev, to put a computer in every classroom. | COCOM and similar things were mentioned. But that "marvellous design" OmarL mentioned was seen in the USSR at the time as heterogeneity and inefficient fund spending. They wanted a one size fit all, something similar to the position of the IBM at the time.
In 1969 the [decision](https://www.rbth.com/science_and_tech/2014/09/24/computers_in_the_ussr_a_story_of_missed_opportunities_40073.html) came to copy Western designs. (It was made by a joint ministry group, as far as I understand.) This decision is widely cited as the beginning of the downfall of the Soviet computer development, and not only by Russians themselves. The Soviets switching to IBM was [seen](https://www.cs.utexas.edu/%7EEWD/transcriptions/EWD05xx/EWD506.html) as a great success for US. The scaling-down of the hardware, especially in the late 80s, additionally made the gap larger with the time. |
6,112,562 | on my form i have checkbox1, checkbox2, checkbox3, textbox1 and textbox2.
By default only checkbox1 is active. When I click(check) checkbox1, checkbox2 is activated. When I click(check) checkbox2, checkbox3 is activated. Finally when I check checkbox3, textbox1 and textbox2 are activated.
And when I uncheck checkbox3, both textboxes are disabled. Checkbox2 with uncheck state disables checkbox3.
How can I maintain dependencies between these objects? For example, when I uncheck checkbox1, checkboxes 2 and 3 and both textboxes should disable. | 2011/05/24 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/6112562",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/619780/"
] | Added shortcut Ctrl+Shift+X C to Keybindings (Window -> Preferences -> filter for Keys) when 'Editing Java Source' for 'Remove Active Session'. | Close the IDE and open it again. This works if you did not use any code coverage tools and have just clicked the basic "Coverage" icon in the IDE. |
6,112,562 | on my form i have checkbox1, checkbox2, checkbox3, textbox1 and textbox2.
By default only checkbox1 is active. When I click(check) checkbox1, checkbox2 is activated. When I click(check) checkbox2, checkbox3 is activated. Finally when I check checkbox3, textbox1 and textbox2 are activated.
And when I uncheck checkbox3, both textboxes are disabled. Checkbox2 with uncheck state disables checkbox3.
How can I maintain dependencies between these objects? For example, when I uncheck checkbox1, checkboxes 2 and 3 and both textboxes should disable. | 2011/05/24 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/6112562",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/619780/"
] | Click the "Remove all Sessions" button in the toolbar of the "Coverage" view.
 | If you would like to remove active session/project/folder then you can follow
Click the "Remove Active Session" button in the toolbar of the "Coverage" view. |
6,112,562 | on my form i have checkbox1, checkbox2, checkbox3, textbox1 and textbox2.
By default only checkbox1 is active. When I click(check) checkbox1, checkbox2 is activated. When I click(check) checkbox2, checkbox3 is activated. Finally when I check checkbox3, textbox1 and textbox2 are activated.
And when I uncheck checkbox3, both textboxes are disabled. Checkbox2 with uncheck state disables checkbox3.
How can I maintain dependencies between these objects? For example, when I uncheck checkbox1, checkboxes 2 and 3 and both textboxes should disable. | 2011/05/24 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/6112562",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/619780/"
] | If you remove the coverage session, also the coverage coloring will disappear. For this, hit Remove Session or Remove All Sessions in the Coverage view's toolbar.
<http://eclemma.org/faq.html> | Close the IDE and open it again. This works if you did not use any code coverage tools and have just clicked the basic "Coverage" icon in the IDE. |
6,112,562 | on my form i have checkbox1, checkbox2, checkbox3, textbox1 and textbox2.
By default only checkbox1 is active. When I click(check) checkbox1, checkbox2 is activated. When I click(check) checkbox2, checkbox3 is activated. Finally when I check checkbox3, textbox1 and textbox2 are activated.
And when I uncheck checkbox3, both textboxes are disabled. Checkbox2 with uncheck state disables checkbox3.
How can I maintain dependencies between these objects? For example, when I uncheck checkbox1, checkboxes 2 and 3 and both textboxes should disable. | 2011/05/24 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/6112562",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/619780/"
] | On 4.2 eclipse it seems to be impossible to remove the eCobertura highlights. Sadly eCobertura plugins seems to be not maintained anymore. However if you start writing into the class, its gone. So **type a space, and then undo**, and its gone. | I have used the Open Clover Tool for the code coverage, I have also been searching this for a long time.
Its pretty straightforward, in the Coverage Explorer tab, you can find three square buttons which says the code lines you wanted to display, click on hide the coverage square box and its gone. Last button in the image below:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Xvrnj.png) |
6,112,562 | on my form i have checkbox1, checkbox2, checkbox3, textbox1 and textbox2.
By default only checkbox1 is active. When I click(check) checkbox1, checkbox2 is activated. When I click(check) checkbox2, checkbox3 is activated. Finally when I check checkbox3, textbox1 and textbox2 are activated.
And when I uncheck checkbox3, both textboxes are disabled. Checkbox2 with uncheck state disables checkbox3.
How can I maintain dependencies between these objects? For example, when I uncheck checkbox1, checkboxes 2 and 3 and both textboxes should disable. | 2011/05/24 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/6112562",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/619780/"
] | I have used the Open Clover Tool for the code coverage, I have also been searching this for a long time.
Its pretty straightforward, in the Coverage Explorer tab, you can find three square buttons which says the code lines you wanted to display, click on hide the coverage square box and its gone. Last button in the image below:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Xvrnj.png) | Close the IDE and open it again. This works if you did not use any code coverage tools and have just clicked the basic "Coverage" icon in the IDE. |
6,112,562 | on my form i have checkbox1, checkbox2, checkbox3, textbox1 and textbox2.
By default only checkbox1 is active. When I click(check) checkbox1, checkbox2 is activated. When I click(check) checkbox2, checkbox3 is activated. Finally when I check checkbox3, textbox1 and textbox2 are activated.
And when I uncheck checkbox3, both textboxes are disabled. Checkbox2 with uncheck state disables checkbox3.
How can I maintain dependencies between these objects? For example, when I uncheck checkbox1, checkboxes 2 and 3 and both textboxes should disable. | 2011/05/24 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/6112562",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/619780/"
] | Click the "Remove all Sessions" button in the toolbar of the "Coverage" view.
 | Close the IDE and open it again. This works if you did not use any code coverage tools and have just clicked the basic "Coverage" icon in the IDE. |
6,112,562 | on my form i have checkbox1, checkbox2, checkbox3, textbox1 and textbox2.
By default only checkbox1 is active. When I click(check) checkbox1, checkbox2 is activated. When I click(check) checkbox2, checkbox3 is activated. Finally when I check checkbox3, textbox1 and textbox2 are activated.
And when I uncheck checkbox3, both textboxes are disabled. Checkbox2 with uncheck state disables checkbox3.
How can I maintain dependencies between these objects? For example, when I uncheck checkbox1, checkboxes 2 and 3 and both textboxes should disable. | 2011/05/24 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/6112562",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/619780/"
] | Click the "Remove all Sessions" button in the toolbar of the "Coverage" view.
 | If you remove the coverage session, also the coverage coloring will disappear. For this, hit Remove Session or Remove All Sessions in the Coverage view's toolbar.
<http://eclemma.org/faq.html> |
6,112,562 | on my form i have checkbox1, checkbox2, checkbox3, textbox1 and textbox2.
By default only checkbox1 is active. When I click(check) checkbox1, checkbox2 is activated. When I click(check) checkbox2, checkbox3 is activated. Finally when I check checkbox3, textbox1 and textbox2 are activated.
And when I uncheck checkbox3, both textboxes are disabled. Checkbox2 with uncheck state disables checkbox3.
How can I maintain dependencies between these objects? For example, when I uncheck checkbox1, checkboxes 2 and 3 and both textboxes should disable. | 2011/05/24 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/6112562",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/619780/"
] | I found a workaround over on GitHub: <https://github.com/jmhofer/eCobertura/issues/8>
For those who don't want to click the link, here's the text of the comment:
>
> Good workaround:
> Create a run configuration with a filter, that excludes everything ("\*") and let it run just a single test. Name it "Undo coverage".
>
>
>
I did this and it worked quite well in Eclipse Juno.
Credit for this goes to UsulSK. | If you remove the coverage session, also the coverage coloring will disappear. For this, hit Remove Session or Remove All Sessions in the Coverage view's toolbar.
<http://eclemma.org/faq.html> |
6,112,562 | on my form i have checkbox1, checkbox2, checkbox3, textbox1 and textbox2.
By default only checkbox1 is active. When I click(check) checkbox1, checkbox2 is activated. When I click(check) checkbox2, checkbox3 is activated. Finally when I check checkbox3, textbox1 and textbox2 are activated.
And when I uncheck checkbox3, both textboxes are disabled. Checkbox2 with uncheck state disables checkbox3.
How can I maintain dependencies between these objects? For example, when I uncheck checkbox1, checkboxes 2 and 3 and both textboxes should disable. | 2011/05/24 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/6112562",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/619780/"
] | On 4.2 eclipse it seems to be impossible to remove the eCobertura highlights. Sadly eCobertura plugins seems to be not maintained anymore. However if you start writing into the class, its gone. So **type a space, and then undo**, and its gone. | Close the IDE and open it again. This works if you did not use any code coverage tools and have just clicked the basic "Coverage" icon in the IDE. |
6,112,562 | on my form i have checkbox1, checkbox2, checkbox3, textbox1 and textbox2.
By default only checkbox1 is active. When I click(check) checkbox1, checkbox2 is activated. When I click(check) checkbox2, checkbox3 is activated. Finally when I check checkbox3, textbox1 and textbox2 are activated.
And when I uncheck checkbox3, both textboxes are disabled. Checkbox2 with uncheck state disables checkbox3.
How can I maintain dependencies between these objects? For example, when I uncheck checkbox1, checkboxes 2 and 3 and both textboxes should disable. | 2011/05/24 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/6112562",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/619780/"
] | I found a workaround over on GitHub: <https://github.com/jmhofer/eCobertura/issues/8>
For those who don't want to click the link, here's the text of the comment:
>
> Good workaround:
> Create a run configuration with a filter, that excludes everything ("\*") and let it run just a single test. Name it "Undo coverage".
>
>
>
I did this and it worked quite well in Eclipse Juno.
Credit for this goes to UsulSK. | If you would like to remove active session/project/folder then you can follow
Click the "Remove Active Session" button in the toolbar of the "Coverage" view. |
19,884,438 | My company just finished upgrading to TFS 2012. I was very excited to try out the new task board. But I am getting errors like this one:
>
> [Error] TF400654: Unable to configure Planning Tools. The following element contains an error: TaskWorkItems/States. TF400587: This element defines the states for work items that appear as tasks on your sprint backlog. Each state must exist in at least one of the work item types belong to category defined in: TaskWorkItems. **The following states do not exist** in any of the work item types: **Done**.
>
>
>
We renamed our "Done" state to "DevDone", because we also have a done state for testing.
Am I required to move this back to Done for it to work? Or can I somehow map the state that the task board is looking for to my "DevDone" state? | 2013/11/09 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/19884438",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/16241/"
] | You need to update the CommonConfiguration.xml file associated with your Team Project to use the new state name. You can do this via the command-line witadmin importcommonprocessconfig: <http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/vstudio/hh500413(v=vs.110).aspx>
First do an export, edit the XML file (the format is pretty self-explanatory), then re-import. | If you just need a new column for Task, you need to update Task state in the task xml AND modify the state in the process config.
If you need to add other Work item (Test Case in my exemple), you can follow this article (write for TFS 2013 but there is no big difference for 2012)
<http://fabienguede.blogspot.fr/2014/03/add-test-case-to-task-board.html>
Hope this can help you |
270,068 | I can't find an Ubuntu installer to format the PC and install it. | 2013/03/19 | [
"https://askubuntu.com/questions/270068",
"https://askubuntu.com",
"https://askubuntu.com/users/141744/"
] | You can download Ubuntu from here:
<http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop>
My personal choice would be 12.04 as its supported for longer (April 2017) but if you want the latest features download 12.10. The only other choice is 32-bit or 64-bit. It's up to you which you choose to download.
The 32-bit version contains **i386** in the name and 64-bit version contains **amd64** do not be put off by this both will work with either amd or intel processors.
If you have a new PC that came with Windows 8 installed take a look at [Installing Ubuntu on a Pre-Installed UEFI Supported Windows 8 system](https://askubuntu.com/questions/221835/installing-ubuntu-on-a-pre-installed-uefi-supported-windows-8-system) otherwise you have a choice between a dual boot or Wubi install both are explained in this question [How can I install Ubuntu without removing Windows?](https://askubuntu.com/questions/1366/how-can-i-install-ubuntu-without-removing-windows)
Caution if you have a Samsung Laptop that came with Windows 8 pre-installed [read this first](https://askubuntu.com/questions/269906/does-booting-ubuntu-in-samsung-laptop-brick-them-how-do-i-know-without-taking-r/269941#269941) otherwise you are good to go. | Intel uses the same instructions as AMD.
You can find in: <http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop> |
124,959 | I'm trying to create a meal ordering process which is split across 5 steps.
I wanted to know what might be a good way to design a stepper pattern for mobile.
After researching i have narrowed down to 4 options
1) Compress the step circles and text to fit in line: readability problems, too cluttered hence going to ignore it.
2) Vertical stepper: This would be a good option but some of the steps are too "tall" for my use case and will be even "taller" on mobile hence, navigating amongst steps will not be very great as pointed out in [this answer](https://ux.stackexchange.com/a/98389/125088) too.
3) Step X of Y pattern: This is a good alternative but a few problems here are that the user can't see all the steps and navigating directly through steps is problematic
4) Horizontal scrolling of the steppers: Apart from the scrolling i don't see any problems with this approach but i wanted to know if there is some user research on this specific topic.
So i'm unsure between approach 3 and 4 and would greatly appreciate if someone could guide me or propose an alternative that could solve the steps problem. | 2019/04/09 | [
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/124959",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/users/125088/"
] | In my website, I would use some of the alternatives below:
**Aletrnative 1:**
Something that works like pagnation. Basically, I will show just 2 steps at first step and last step and 3 steps for others.
See an example:
* step 1: Current Step > Next step
* step 2: First Step > Current Step > Next step > ...
* step 3: ... > Last Step > Current Step > Next Step > ...
* step 4: ... > Last Step > Current Step > Next Step > ...
* step 5: ... > Last Step > Current Step
Of course, you need to be creative working with it and you can put any text there.
**Aletrnative 2:**
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/hrnkc.jpg)
**Aletrnative 3:**
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/mvbuy.jpg)
**Aletrnative 4:**
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/7k5vG.jpg)
**Aletrnative 5:**
I added another option where you can add some bar like this 4th example and change "< 520" for the title of the current step.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/zkCGk.jpg)
I hope that is useful and I had understood what you need. | You can try to use as an alternative the **material Design** tabs as a reference. You can hide some unused steps but if user swipe, then he can see it.
See image example and see more in <https://material.io/design/components/tabs.html#usage>
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/jnz3C.png)
**OR** like I had used on my last website. you can insert a box over the trackbar with all information.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/cnqjj.png) |
11,666,425 | I am an android developer new to windows phone development. [This](http://developer.android.com/reference/android/telephony/PhoneStateListener.html) is the android equivalent of it. | 2012/07/26 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/11666425",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/502792/"
] | No, you can't detect calls. Additionally, assuming you are considering an app that will run in the background and listen for calls, then do something, in Windows Phone, apps don't "run" in the background. When you start another app, go back to the start screen, or turn off the phone, the app will be either be deactivated, or tombstoned, depending on whether something else was loaded up that bumped it out of the memory or not.
Here is a link to learn about the application life cycle: <http://www.developer.nokia.com/Community/Wiki/Application_Life_Cycle_-_Windows_Phone_7_Mango>
You **can** have background tasks, but those only run occasionally, and without having a set schedule. The phone runs background tasks at times that it can most efficiently use the radios in the phone, since starting up the radios is a rather intensive task. Generally, don't expect tasks to have any predictable running pattern more accurate than about every hour. It can be more frequent, but I wouldn't count on it, or you're setting yourself up for problems.
Here is a link regarding background tasks: <http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hh202942(v=vs.92>) | No, the current Windows Phone 7.x SDK's don't allow you to detect calls. |
40,104 | When I moved into my house, the kitchen has large floor tiles on the floor. Quite a few of these tiles are cracked. I've been told that the reason they are cracked is because under the floor tiles is a plywood underlay layer, and where the plywood pieces meet each other isn't exactly even, and so the tiles are cracking at that join.
If I was to pull up the tiles an lay a new floor, what would I have to do to overcome the uneven plywood flooring? Is there something I should lay on top? Or should the plywood be re-layed?
Thanks | 2014/03/17 | [
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/40104",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/15141/"
] | If the tiles are cracking, it's probably (edit: might not be) not just the plywood. The floor is flexing in some manner. Tiles need a very rock solid underlayment.
So pulling up the tiles and then pulling up the subfloor and then relaying a new subfloor may not actually fix your problem.
The joists may be flexing (and this is probably the issue) which would cause the floor to crack.
How old is the building? If the build is quite old, the joists may be further apart or sized smaller than current code.
There are a few solutions, once you determine the problem:
* sistering the joists
* adding cross joists under the existing joists
* adding lolly columns under the floor
I fixed a floor on the third floor of a 100 year old house by pulling up the plywood and gluing and screwing half inch subfloor. The floor was rock solid, but we still didn't put back ceramic tile - we went for black and white vinyl. Looked great. | The plywood should be relaid so that it is even and you need to put half-inch concrete board on top of the plywood. Especially for larger tiles. |
24,311,710 | So, I've got a C# windows workflow project that creates a report programmatically and emails it out. It works fine on my local machine, but putting it on a scheduler in a different machine generates the following error:
Could not load file or assembly 'Microsoft.ReportViewer.Common, Version=11.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=89845dcd8080cc91' or one of its dependencies. The located assembly's manifest definition does not match the assembly reference. (Exception from HRESULT: 0x80131040)
Based on other topics, I tried installing MICROSOFT® REPORT VIEWER 2012 RUNTIME from the following address: <http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=35747>. This didn't help. This was the overwhelmingly prevalent solution, but I'd love any other suggestions or advice. | 2014/06/19 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/24311710",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/2722951/"
] | The accepted answer pointed me in the right direction. However, didn't provide enough details for me to reach resolution. I wanted to add this as a comment to that answer but it was too long.
In my VS project, I had a reference to Microsoft.ReportViewer.WinForms version 12.0.0.0 and when deploying to another computer got the same error as present in this question. The key to the problem is a portion of the error:
>
> The located assembly's manifest definition does not match the assembly
> reference.
>
>
>
It is telling you that it found a DLL with the right name, but it is the wrong version. I had added a reference to Microsoft.ReportViewer.Common through the references dialog but I didn't catch that the only one listed in the "Extensions" section of the references dialog was for version 10.0.0.0. So of course it will deploy the wrong one if you are telling it to deploy the wrong one.
What you have to do is find the Microsoft.ReportViewer.Common.dll file with version 12.0.0.0 on your system and manually include a reference to that. For me it was in the following directory:
>
> C:\Windows\assembly\GAC\_MSIL\Microsoft.ReportViewer.Common\12.0.0.0\_\_89845dcd8080cc91\
>
>
>
Once I added that reference and set both DLLs to Copy Local in my VS project, then everything worked on the deployed machine.
Note: I **did not** require an installation of the Microsoft Report Viewer 2012 Runtime in order to have it work on the deployed machine. For any of you like me that were wanting to avoid any other installations during deployment. | try to add the dll files to the project from :
C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 10.0\ReportViewer
add them to the bin folder after publishing the project |
410 | Standard odds calculation assumes that all unseen cards are still in the deck. For instance for a flush draw with two suited cards showing on the board, we assume 9 outs.(13-2 hole cards-2 on the board). On the flop we assume about 36% chance to win.
This however is not always the case, if the hand is played heads up there is the possibility that one or more of the burnt cards are of the suit we are expecting to catch. If the hand is played in a 6-max or full ring game, there is also the possibility that some of our out cards have been folded by our opponents.
I feel like this must have some sort of mathematical significance when calculating odds for an underdog hand. I'm talking about a draw vs. an already made hand. A draw needs the cards to drop on the board in order to win. Cards that would improve the made hand might also be folded but the made hand does not need those to win so it does not cancel out the disadvantage to the draw caused by folded hands.
Am I on the right track here? If so, is there a mathematical model that would make the standard odds calculation more accurate? | 2012/02/06 | [
"https://poker.stackexchange.com/questions/410",
"https://poker.stackexchange.com",
"https://poker.stackexchange.com/users/268/"
] | No, those cards have no significance to odds calculation.
If I shuffle a fresh deck, what is the chance the the top card is the Ace of Spades? 1 in 52. If I deal off the top 10 cards face down, what is the chance that the card on top now is the Ace of Spades? Still 1 in 52. The same probability will apply to the rest of the cards in the deck, including the King of spades, etc, down to the 2 of spades. Since there are 13 total spades, the chance that the card on top is a spade will be 13 in 52, or 1 in 4, no matter how many cards you deal (face down) first.
In fact, you could deal off 51 cards face down, and the chance that the final remaining card is a spade would be 1 in 4. | *(oh well instead of commenting I may as well post this as an answer)*
You're asking two different questions and they have two different answers.
>
> Are burnt cards significant in odds calculation?
>
>
>
No. They're not different than any other card still in the deck.
>
> there is also the possibility that some of our out cards have been
> folded by our opponents.
>
>
>
Indeed. And that is a very complicated topic.
It's called the "card removal effect" and it has implications for computing odds and it explains "weird" facts:
* community cards aren't randomly distributed
* some players (depending on their playing style) are apparently consistently above or below AIEV when they go all-in
* etc.
The "card removal effect" is described here as this: *"The Card removal effect, or the card bunching effect, describes the changes to opponent card ranges considering that other players have folded preflop."* (it changes opponents' card ranges, and it of course also affects the flop/turn/river cards).
<http://forumserver.twoplustwo.com/36/stt-strategy/lt-card-removal-bunching-effect-simulation-321075/>
Barry Greenstein himself wrote, (page 150 of "Ace on the River"), the following:
>
> "...If several players fold first, Ace-King suited is a favorite over
> most pairs. ...(snip)... The reason for this is that players are more
> likely to play hands having an Ace or King than those containing
> smaller cards. Therefore, as players fold, the probability of an Ace
> or King coming on the board increases"
>
>
>
The card removal effect is also used here to try to explain weird results for AIEV:
<http://forumserver.twoplustwo.com/28/internet-poker/official-poker-site-data-analysis-discussion-thread-264915/>
So the card removal effect is very real, it's a topic of studies and there's definitely more to *"Are folded cards significant in odds calcution?"* than a simple "no".
It's **very** complicated to model : ) |
410 | Standard odds calculation assumes that all unseen cards are still in the deck. For instance for a flush draw with two suited cards showing on the board, we assume 9 outs.(13-2 hole cards-2 on the board). On the flop we assume about 36% chance to win.
This however is not always the case, if the hand is played heads up there is the possibility that one or more of the burnt cards are of the suit we are expecting to catch. If the hand is played in a 6-max or full ring game, there is also the possibility that some of our out cards have been folded by our opponents.
I feel like this must have some sort of mathematical significance when calculating odds for an underdog hand. I'm talking about a draw vs. an already made hand. A draw needs the cards to drop on the board in order to win. Cards that would improve the made hand might also be folded but the made hand does not need those to win so it does not cancel out the disadvantage to the draw caused by folded hands.
Am I on the right track here? If so, is there a mathematical model that would make the standard odds calculation more accurate? | 2012/02/06 | [
"https://poker.stackexchange.com/questions/410",
"https://poker.stackexchange.com",
"https://poker.stackexchange.com/users/268/"
] | No, those cards have no significance to odds calculation.
If I shuffle a fresh deck, what is the chance the the top card is the Ace of Spades? 1 in 52. If I deal off the top 10 cards face down, what is the chance that the card on top now is the Ace of Spades? Still 1 in 52. The same probability will apply to the rest of the cards in the deck, including the King of spades, etc, down to the 2 of spades. Since there are 13 total spades, the chance that the card on top is a spade will be 13 in 52, or 1 in 4, no matter how many cards you deal (face down) first.
In fact, you could deal off 51 cards face down, and the chance that the final remaining card is a spade would be 1 in 4. | So an 8-handed table and it is folded round to the SB who has 22 and raises, AK suited in the BB shoves and SB calls. Stats show AKs is 50.1% equity but this cannot be the reality because of the chance that amongst the 12 cards in the muck there is at least one other ace or king. Taking out the SB and BB cards there are 48 cards left of which 12 (25%) are in the muck. To win BB has to hit a KKKAAA, flush, straight or counterfeit. There is 0.63% chance of a chop. Taking just the pair outs if we remove 25% of them this leaves 4.5 cards left to hit. If I take into account just one 'out' card is removed the odds reduce to 46.2% for the BB. If I remove two they reduce to 41.9%. Greenstein argues that if the table has folded to the SB then the chance of an ace or king being in the muck is low because otherwise they would have raised. Surely it depends on so many things, their range, their position, their stack size, if they are on or approaching the bubble. So I don't think this is true to say. I have known a player that satellited into an EPT for a few Euros fold AA in LP because the min-cash was over 10,000 Euros. So yes, in my view, card removal does come into play in this situation and does affect the value of known hands. If people ask me if I would rather be holding AK suited or 22, I would always take the small pair. |
410 | Standard odds calculation assumes that all unseen cards are still in the deck. For instance for a flush draw with two suited cards showing on the board, we assume 9 outs.(13-2 hole cards-2 on the board). On the flop we assume about 36% chance to win.
This however is not always the case, if the hand is played heads up there is the possibility that one or more of the burnt cards are of the suit we are expecting to catch. If the hand is played in a 6-max or full ring game, there is also the possibility that some of our out cards have been folded by our opponents.
I feel like this must have some sort of mathematical significance when calculating odds for an underdog hand. I'm talking about a draw vs. an already made hand. A draw needs the cards to drop on the board in order to win. Cards that would improve the made hand might also be folded but the made hand does not need those to win so it does not cancel out the disadvantage to the draw caused by folded hands.
Am I on the right track here? If so, is there a mathematical model that would make the standard odds calculation more accurate? | 2012/02/06 | [
"https://poker.stackexchange.com/questions/410",
"https://poker.stackexchange.com",
"https://poker.stackexchange.com/users/268/"
] | No, those cards have no significance to odds calculation.
If I shuffle a fresh deck, what is the chance the the top card is the Ace of Spades? 1 in 52. If I deal off the top 10 cards face down, what is the chance that the card on top now is the Ace of Spades? Still 1 in 52. The same probability will apply to the rest of the cards in the deck, including the King of spades, etc, down to the 2 of spades. Since there are 13 total spades, the chance that the card on top is a spade will be 13 in 52, or 1 in 4, no matter how many cards you deal (face down) first.
In fact, you could deal off 51 cards face down, and the chance that the final remaining card is a spade would be 1 in 4. | When I considered this question (from the point of view of a live full-ring game with 10 players where 25 cards are missing after the flop is dealt: 20 player cards, 3 flop cards, 2 burn cards) I came to the conclusion that with 50% of the cards missing but never knowing which ones we're talking about some kind of standard deviation calculation. For a player having 8 full-deck outs if we choose to calculate the effect of card removal to 2 standard deviations (95% probability) then my back of envelope guesstimation was that we should subtract 1-2 outs from the full-deck number. I'm not enough of a mathematician to reproduce that, but I'm sure others can once we agree we're talking about standard deviation. |
410 | Standard odds calculation assumes that all unseen cards are still in the deck. For instance for a flush draw with two suited cards showing on the board, we assume 9 outs.(13-2 hole cards-2 on the board). On the flop we assume about 36% chance to win.
This however is not always the case, if the hand is played heads up there is the possibility that one or more of the burnt cards are of the suit we are expecting to catch. If the hand is played in a 6-max or full ring game, there is also the possibility that some of our out cards have been folded by our opponents.
I feel like this must have some sort of mathematical significance when calculating odds for an underdog hand. I'm talking about a draw vs. an already made hand. A draw needs the cards to drop on the board in order to win. Cards that would improve the made hand might also be folded but the made hand does not need those to win so it does not cancel out the disadvantage to the draw caused by folded hands.
Am I on the right track here? If so, is there a mathematical model that would make the standard odds calculation more accurate? | 2012/02/06 | [
"https://poker.stackexchange.com/questions/410",
"https://poker.stackexchange.com",
"https://poker.stackexchange.com/users/268/"
] | *(oh well instead of commenting I may as well post this as an answer)*
You're asking two different questions and they have two different answers.
>
> Are burnt cards significant in odds calculation?
>
>
>
No. They're not different than any other card still in the deck.
>
> there is also the possibility that some of our out cards have been
> folded by our opponents.
>
>
>
Indeed. And that is a very complicated topic.
It's called the "card removal effect" and it has implications for computing odds and it explains "weird" facts:
* community cards aren't randomly distributed
* some players (depending on their playing style) are apparently consistently above or below AIEV when they go all-in
* etc.
The "card removal effect" is described here as this: *"The Card removal effect, or the card bunching effect, describes the changes to opponent card ranges considering that other players have folded preflop."* (it changes opponents' card ranges, and it of course also affects the flop/turn/river cards).
<http://forumserver.twoplustwo.com/36/stt-strategy/lt-card-removal-bunching-effect-simulation-321075/>
Barry Greenstein himself wrote, (page 150 of "Ace on the River"), the following:
>
> "...If several players fold first, Ace-King suited is a favorite over
> most pairs. ...(snip)... The reason for this is that players are more
> likely to play hands having an Ace or King than those containing
> smaller cards. Therefore, as players fold, the probability of an Ace
> or King coming on the board increases"
>
>
>
The card removal effect is also used here to try to explain weird results for AIEV:
<http://forumserver.twoplustwo.com/28/internet-poker/official-poker-site-data-analysis-discussion-thread-264915/>
So the card removal effect is very real, it's a topic of studies and there's definitely more to *"Are folded cards significant in odds calcution?"* than a simple "no".
It's **very** complicated to model : ) | So an 8-handed table and it is folded round to the SB who has 22 and raises, AK suited in the BB shoves and SB calls. Stats show AKs is 50.1% equity but this cannot be the reality because of the chance that amongst the 12 cards in the muck there is at least one other ace or king. Taking out the SB and BB cards there are 48 cards left of which 12 (25%) are in the muck. To win BB has to hit a KKKAAA, flush, straight or counterfeit. There is 0.63% chance of a chop. Taking just the pair outs if we remove 25% of them this leaves 4.5 cards left to hit. If I take into account just one 'out' card is removed the odds reduce to 46.2% for the BB. If I remove two they reduce to 41.9%. Greenstein argues that if the table has folded to the SB then the chance of an ace or king being in the muck is low because otherwise they would have raised. Surely it depends on so many things, their range, their position, their stack size, if they are on or approaching the bubble. So I don't think this is true to say. I have known a player that satellited into an EPT for a few Euros fold AA in LP because the min-cash was over 10,000 Euros. So yes, in my view, card removal does come into play in this situation and does affect the value of known hands. If people ask me if I would rather be holding AK suited or 22, I would always take the small pair. |
410 | Standard odds calculation assumes that all unseen cards are still in the deck. For instance for a flush draw with two suited cards showing on the board, we assume 9 outs.(13-2 hole cards-2 on the board). On the flop we assume about 36% chance to win.
This however is not always the case, if the hand is played heads up there is the possibility that one or more of the burnt cards are of the suit we are expecting to catch. If the hand is played in a 6-max or full ring game, there is also the possibility that some of our out cards have been folded by our opponents.
I feel like this must have some sort of mathematical significance when calculating odds for an underdog hand. I'm talking about a draw vs. an already made hand. A draw needs the cards to drop on the board in order to win. Cards that would improve the made hand might also be folded but the made hand does not need those to win so it does not cancel out the disadvantage to the draw caused by folded hands.
Am I on the right track here? If so, is there a mathematical model that would make the standard odds calculation more accurate? | 2012/02/06 | [
"https://poker.stackexchange.com/questions/410",
"https://poker.stackexchange.com",
"https://poker.stackexchange.com/users/268/"
] | *(oh well instead of commenting I may as well post this as an answer)*
You're asking two different questions and they have two different answers.
>
> Are burnt cards significant in odds calculation?
>
>
>
No. They're not different than any other card still in the deck.
>
> there is also the possibility that some of our out cards have been
> folded by our opponents.
>
>
>
Indeed. And that is a very complicated topic.
It's called the "card removal effect" and it has implications for computing odds and it explains "weird" facts:
* community cards aren't randomly distributed
* some players (depending on their playing style) are apparently consistently above or below AIEV when they go all-in
* etc.
The "card removal effect" is described here as this: *"The Card removal effect, or the card bunching effect, describes the changes to opponent card ranges considering that other players have folded preflop."* (it changes opponents' card ranges, and it of course also affects the flop/turn/river cards).
<http://forumserver.twoplustwo.com/36/stt-strategy/lt-card-removal-bunching-effect-simulation-321075/>
Barry Greenstein himself wrote, (page 150 of "Ace on the River"), the following:
>
> "...If several players fold first, Ace-King suited is a favorite over
> most pairs. ...(snip)... The reason for this is that players are more
> likely to play hands having an Ace or King than those containing
> smaller cards. Therefore, as players fold, the probability of an Ace
> or King coming on the board increases"
>
>
>
The card removal effect is also used here to try to explain weird results for AIEV:
<http://forumserver.twoplustwo.com/28/internet-poker/official-poker-site-data-analysis-discussion-thread-264915/>
So the card removal effect is very real, it's a topic of studies and there's definitely more to *"Are folded cards significant in odds calcution?"* than a simple "no".
It's **very** complicated to model : ) | When I considered this question (from the point of view of a live full-ring game with 10 players where 25 cards are missing after the flop is dealt: 20 player cards, 3 flop cards, 2 burn cards) I came to the conclusion that with 50% of the cards missing but never knowing which ones we're talking about some kind of standard deviation calculation. For a player having 8 full-deck outs if we choose to calculate the effect of card removal to 2 standard deviations (95% probability) then my back of envelope guesstimation was that we should subtract 1-2 outs from the full-deck number. I'm not enough of a mathematician to reproduce that, but I'm sure others can once we agree we're talking about standard deviation. |
282 | I work for a relatively small company. We don't get a lot of resumes from people with experience, yet we're in a position where we should hire people to grow. We pretty frequently get resumes from people just out of school.
We'd like to try to find the diamonds in the rough, but flying non-local people out and taking a day out of several people's week to do a sit-down, in person interview is expensive. We also do phone interviews for any semi-promising candidates, but those can take a while to set up, and are usually a couple of man hours lost.
We've considered implementing a programmer test, but we have yet to figure out a good one that other studios aren't using.
What are some practices that your studios use to look through these people, with minimal internal overhead? | 2010/07/14 | [
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com/questions/282",
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com",
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com/users/51/"
] | We have a mixed art/tech environment, but hiring process is always the same. Cull interesting resumes and offer candidates a task from start to finish on his own where you give him only a high concept. For programmers a small game that can be made in several days (can use programmer art or stock) where you give him a concept of what it should do and tech to do it with. A really basic game. For artists it's either a spec work or a pitch for concept.
They can work on their own on that, can use whatever help they need (google, ask around, whatever) as long as they finish on scheduled deadline. Test consists of first cull if project is actually what it was supposed to be (does it work at all etc.) and where you go through process he used to make it and code review where you discuss his decisions while making it. | No professional experience doesn't mean no experience at all. Check if the candidates have participated in any local/global event such as the global game jam, the independent games festival or they just come up with a website with their portfolio.
On the other hand, some programmers just love programming competitions; check that too (ACM, TopCoder, Google Code Jam, UVa, SPOJ, to name a few). Experience on this kind of competitions make up for any weird test in fashion and will probably help you get some resumes out.
All in all, I think [this post](http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/FindingGreatDevelopers.html) from Joel Spolsky always help. |
282 | I work for a relatively small company. We don't get a lot of resumes from people with experience, yet we're in a position where we should hire people to grow. We pretty frequently get resumes from people just out of school.
We'd like to try to find the diamonds in the rough, but flying non-local people out and taking a day out of several people's week to do a sit-down, in person interview is expensive. We also do phone interviews for any semi-promising candidates, but those can take a while to set up, and are usually a couple of man hours lost.
We've considered implementing a programmer test, but we have yet to figure out a good one that other studios aren't using.
What are some practices that your studios use to look through these people, with minimal internal overhead? | 2010/07/14 | [
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com/questions/282",
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com",
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com/users/51/"
] | We have a mixed art/tech environment, but hiring process is always the same. Cull interesting resumes and offer candidates a task from start to finish on his own where you give him only a high concept. For programmers a small game that can be made in several days (can use programmer art or stock) where you give him a concept of what it should do and tech to do it with. A really basic game. For artists it's either a spec work or a pitch for concept.
They can work on their own on that, can use whatever help they need (google, ask around, whatever) as long as they finish on scheduled deadline. Test consists of first cull if project is actually what it was supposed to be (does it work at all etc.) and where you go through process he used to make it and code review where you discuss his decisions while making it. | What the heck... :)
[How to Recruit Great Developers](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1451216/how-to-recruit-great-developers)
[What process do you use to recruit programmers](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/69238/what-process-do-you-use-to-recruit-programmers)
[What is the best way to tell an excellent programmer in a job interview?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/239185/what-is-the-best-way-to-tell-an-excellent-programmer-in-a-job-interview)
[How long should it take a senior developer to solve FizzBuzz in an interview?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1060366/how-long-should-it-take-a-senior-developer-to-solve-fizzbuzz-during-an-interview) |
282 | I work for a relatively small company. We don't get a lot of resumes from people with experience, yet we're in a position where we should hire people to grow. We pretty frequently get resumes from people just out of school.
We'd like to try to find the diamonds in the rough, but flying non-local people out and taking a day out of several people's week to do a sit-down, in person interview is expensive. We also do phone interviews for any semi-promising candidates, but those can take a while to set up, and are usually a couple of man hours lost.
We've considered implementing a programmer test, but we have yet to figure out a good one that other studios aren't using.
What are some practices that your studios use to look through these people, with minimal internal overhead? | 2010/07/14 | [
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com/questions/282",
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com",
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com/users/51/"
] | We have a mixed art/tech environment, but hiring process is always the same. Cull interesting resumes and offer candidates a task from start to finish on his own where you give him only a high concept. For programmers a small game that can be made in several days (can use programmer art or stock) where you give him a concept of what it should do and tech to do it with. A really basic game. For artists it's either a spec work or a pitch for concept.
They can work on their own on that, can use whatever help they need (google, ask around, whatever) as long as they finish on scheduled deadline. Test consists of first cull if project is actually what it was supposed to be (does it work at all etc.) and where you go through process he used to make it and code review where you discuss his decisions while making it. | One of the things that is quickly making the rounds as a easy filtering mechanism is codility.
<http://codility.com/>
It's a service you pay for to give automated timed programming tests. The bad thing is that there are a fixed number of tests. The good thing is that the tests are automatically graded by unit tests. So for culling a large number of people this might be a good approach. |
282 | I work for a relatively small company. We don't get a lot of resumes from people with experience, yet we're in a position where we should hire people to grow. We pretty frequently get resumes from people just out of school.
We'd like to try to find the diamonds in the rough, but flying non-local people out and taking a day out of several people's week to do a sit-down, in person interview is expensive. We also do phone interviews for any semi-promising candidates, but those can take a while to set up, and are usually a couple of man hours lost.
We've considered implementing a programmer test, but we have yet to figure out a good one that other studios aren't using.
What are some practices that your studios use to look through these people, with minimal internal overhead? | 2010/07/14 | [
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com/questions/282",
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com",
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com/users/51/"
] | No professional experience doesn't mean no experience at all. Check if the candidates have participated in any local/global event such as the global game jam, the independent games festival or they just come up with a website with their portfolio.
On the other hand, some programmers just love programming competitions; check that too (ACM, TopCoder, Google Code Jam, UVa, SPOJ, to name a few). Experience on this kind of competitions make up for any weird test in fashion and will probably help you get some resumes out.
All in all, I think [this post](http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/FindingGreatDevelopers.html) from Joel Spolsky always help. | One of the things that is quickly making the rounds as a easy filtering mechanism is codility.
<http://codility.com/>
It's a service you pay for to give automated timed programming tests. The bad thing is that there are a fixed number of tests. The good thing is that the tests are automatically graded by unit tests. So for culling a large number of people this might be a good approach. |
282 | I work for a relatively small company. We don't get a lot of resumes from people with experience, yet we're in a position where we should hire people to grow. We pretty frequently get resumes from people just out of school.
We'd like to try to find the diamonds in the rough, but flying non-local people out and taking a day out of several people's week to do a sit-down, in person interview is expensive. We also do phone interviews for any semi-promising candidates, but those can take a while to set up, and are usually a couple of man hours lost.
We've considered implementing a programmer test, but we have yet to figure out a good one that other studios aren't using.
What are some practices that your studios use to look through these people, with minimal internal overhead? | 2010/07/14 | [
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com/questions/282",
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com",
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com/users/51/"
] | What the heck... :)
[How to Recruit Great Developers](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1451216/how-to-recruit-great-developers)
[What process do you use to recruit programmers](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/69238/what-process-do-you-use-to-recruit-programmers)
[What is the best way to tell an excellent programmer in a job interview?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/239185/what-is-the-best-way-to-tell-an-excellent-programmer-in-a-job-interview)
[How long should it take a senior developer to solve FizzBuzz in an interview?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1060366/how-long-should-it-take-a-senior-developer-to-solve-fizzbuzz-during-an-interview) | One of the things that is quickly making the rounds as a easy filtering mechanism is codility.
<http://codility.com/>
It's a service you pay for to give automated timed programming tests. The bad thing is that there are a fixed number of tests. The good thing is that the tests are automatically graded by unit tests. So for culling a large number of people this might be a good approach. |
742,698 | I've read that using the router as an access point would be a solution, but is it possible to do this wirelessly, i.e without using a cat-5 cable? I haven't tried this yet, as I'm not sure if this is possible or whether there is a better way. Currently my setup is:
* A virgin super-hub modem/router downstairs with internet connectivity.
* A router (D-Link DIR-615) with no internet.
* Several Raspberry Pi's connected to the router with no internet, via ethernet.
My goal is to be able to network the Pi's together with access to internet. Looking for a solution. | 2014/04/16 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/742698",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/237077/"
] | With your current hardware as described, you have two options:
1. Run a cable upstairs to your un-networked router.
2. Go out and buy a wireless bridge or repeater.
If your downstairs router has wi-fi capabilities, you can wirelessly network your Pis via that (assuming the signal is strong enough), but that won't get your upstairs router online without a wireless bridge.
Your typical wireless router quite simply lacks the capability of working as you're asking. It's designed to connect wireless clients to a wired network, but does not know how to route said wireless clients to a wireless network -- it doesn't even know how to connect to a wireless network itself! A bridge is the opposite of the typical wireless router (connects one or more wired clients to a wireless network), while a repeater is essentially a signal booster enabling wireless clients to connect to a wireless network they would not otherwise be able to see (due to the signal not reaching far enough).
Actually, the Pis do give you a third option (use one of them as a bridge or repeater), but that's not for the faint of heart, and even many pros would balk at that option. | install DD-WRT put it in AP Client mode and use it to receive from the virgin gateway over wifi and then send out to your PI's through ethernet connected to the dlink |
82,545 | I was wondering for some time why in some cases x-ray crystallography and not NMR is used for structure determination of small molecules? Does crystallization maybe require a smaller amount of the compound than NMR? | 2017/09/12 | [
"https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/82545",
"https://chemistry.stackexchange.com",
"https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/users/51852/"
] | Our group uses both methods a lot so here are some examples why you would use X-ray, in addition to NMR, in organic synthesis.
---
**Your compound isn't soluble enough:**
Colleagues produce very large aromatic systems for organic electronics which are basically insoluble in all solvents. With a good NMR machine (600MHz and up) it might still be enough to get spectra, but full structure elucidation might be difficult. Since the compounds crystallize well it's quite easy to get a X-ray structure.
---
**Low number of carbon and hydrogen:**
I've produced compounds with a C:H:N ratio of 2:3:5. The 1H is two singlets, the 13C is two signals. COSY, HSQC, HMBC,... won't tell you much either and it's much easier to use the nice crystals and get a structure that way than trying some correlated NMR experiments including nitrogen.
---
**3-D orientation/stereochemistry:**
Imagine this compound which is quite similar to something we produced:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/m8YM0m.jpg)
Since you got two quaternary centers here it's really hard to tell the configuration on those centers relative to each other using NMR. There's no coupling to determine the stereochemistry and a NOE experiment isn't very conclusive here. With X-Ray it's no problem to find out.
Actually, these problems are definitely the ones we use X-ray the most.
---
**Absolute Configuration:**
Theoretically it's also possible to determine absolute configuration with single crystal X-ray diffraction, while it's extremely hard to do, if not impossible, with NMR.
---
**Summary:**
Single crystal X-ray diffraction gives you the configuration of your molecule, including relative configuration of stereocenters and possibly even absolute configuration, right away. If you only care about configuration (and not behaviour in solution) X-ray is definitely superior to NMR, there's basically no question on how your molecule looks.
On the other hand you need crystals and it's much more complicated to perform than NMR, so this definitely stays the number 1 method for synthetic chemists. | Coming from natural product chemistry, of course the structure elucidation by NMR is the most commonly used method, especially in isolation. NMR requires only a little substance dissolved in whichever deuterated solvent you have on your shelf and is rapidly set up. The only downside is that for very small amounts of sample you will be blocking the strongest NMR your institute has for extended amounts of time to record all the required experiments. X-ray structures on the other hand requires crystals, and those isolating natural products don’t want to trial and error forever hoping for them.
The strongest disadvantage of NMR is that there is no direct way to determine absolute stereochemistry and only a limited number of methods to determine relative stereochemistry. Often, Mosher ester experiments will be performed but they do consume a non-neglegible amount of substance that could otherwise be used for bioactivity tests etc. If the natural products contains carbohydrate side chains, figuring out *which* one will be immensely difficult by NMR alone.
On the (total) synthetic side of natural products chemistry, each intermediate is of course subjected to an NMR structure analysis. This is okay because stereochemistry is typically only built up in a few steps with known stereochemical outcome and an optical activity is often taken as a good enough indicator that the chirality turned out as expected. Most reactions won’t touch distal chiral centres and if they do one will arrive at a mixture of diastereomers which can easily be detected by NMR. So by taking this route, one can also confirm to a certain extent the structure of the synthesised natural product.
However, NMR is often ambiguous and sometimes error-prone. In my previous group and all through the literature I have often witnessed structure corrections following total synthesis. Maybe the original NMR analysis of the natural product gave a wrong diastereomer, maybe the enantiomer was incorrect and sometimes not even the connectivity was as proposed. Thus, one must always take proposed structures with a grain of salt until the structure is proven.
The only thing able to definitely prove a structure is an X-ray crystal structure. You get the positions of atoms and can deduce the connectivity. There is no margin for error if you performed it correctly. Most notably, you get both the absolute and relative stereochemistry for *all* stereocentres. The only question remaining is whether a certain atom is carbon, nitrogen or oxygen, but even that can be refined well enough. Finally, if you have good enough crystals to collect the scattering at very large angles, you can even locate the positions of the hydrogen atoms.
Typically, all structure elucidation is tentative until there has been a crystal structure. This goes for both isolation *and* synthesis. |
135,575 | In our campaign, I'm currently considering multiclassing into Rogue very soon. One thing I'm wondering is how, if at all, it could be justified for me to learn thieves' cant *when our party is currently alone in the middle of an illusory mind-dungeon* - the point being that there are no Rogueish role models or tutors or any of the like for it to make sense for me to suddenly be able to learn independently a language that is currently known and used by others.
If such a justification can't be found, should our DM simply deprive me of this ability? My instinctive response is that it would feel like an unfair disadvantage based on a roleplay-founded issue (although I'm fully aware that its use is entirely dependent on the world/DM - this is more of a principles question, though still a situational one).
What should happen in this situation? What about if it is impossible by any non-divine means to learn the language? | 2018/11/15 | [
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/questions/135575",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/users/48792/"
] | ### Choose whatever narrative you like best. Class features do not need narrative justification.
The D&D 5E system is mainly driven by rules and abstractions rather than narrative. Regardless of the narrative you use to explain how your character gained their class features, your character will gain those class features because the rules say they do.
Multiclassing into Rogue means you gain a 1st level Rogue's class features, plus proficiency with light armor, thieves' tools, and one extra skill. From the PHB section on [multiclassing](https://roll20.net/compendium/dnd5e/Character%20Advancement#content):
>
> When you gain a new level in a class, you get its features for that level.
>
>
>
So by taking that level in Rogue, you can provide whatever narrative explanation you want. Maybe your character finds a book containing Thieves Cant terminology. Or maybe they've been studying it all along, and they weren't fluent until recently. Maybe they suddenly remember some past experience to explain their Expertise and Sneak Attack. The game assumes that any story will make sense. Your character gains these features because the D&D 5E rules say so.
### D&D is designed to follow game mechanics rather than realism.
And trying to impose narrative realism into D&D is often unproductive when it clashes with those mechanics. Fantasy elements aside, class progressions often mean that characters gain new abilities in ways that may be inconsistent with the narrative.
Example: [Wizards](https://roll20.net/compendium/dnd5e/Wizard#content) learn spells through study and research. After gaining sufficient combat XP, the Wizard gains a level and add two new spells to their spellbook. This is an abstraction. Even if they're in a dungeon, it is assumed that the Wizard found the time and resources to write those new spells. Why? Because that's what the system rules say. The DM could encourage the Wizard's player to provide some narrative for roleplay sake, but it should not be a requirement.
There is no "correct" explanation for how a character gets their class features. Some players may want to roleplay some ritual or process of gaining their new powers. Other players may prefer to ad-lib a brief explanation of how they got their abilities when nobody was looking. Other players may skip an explanation entirely.
### What about [Rule Zero](https://rpg.stackexchange.com/questions/102507/what-is-rule-zero)?
The DM has the final say regarding what happens at the table and in their story. In theory, the DM could declare that a character doesn't gain their class features. But this selective realism so puts the player at a disadvantage, and would likely seem unfair. If your DM is trying to run a narrative-driven game, then it may help to discuss this with your DM outside of the game, and agree to a method and explanation for gaining your class features. | Class levels are abstract
-------------------------
The character does not know that he just took a level in rogue, he has always been studying and practicing rogue things and is only now confident in his own ability to put it into practice.
**In short he has always known basic thieves' cant**, but maybe he struggled with his memory and something innocuous triggers inside him and it all falls into place. That happens all the time - when you stop concentrating on a problem the answer comes to you.
Example: A scratch on the wall looks suspiciously similar to a symbol in thieves cant, the rogue stares for a while and remembers back to being taught it by an acquaintance long ago. He had completely forgotten about it until that moment.
This is similar to magic, a wizard doesn't suddenly know level 2 spells and immediately add them to the spell book, they have always been in the book and the wizard has been trying to cast them unsuccessfully for 2 levels, and gets the breakthrough at that key moment.
To add some good subjective to this:
------------------------------------
I run my own campaigns in this style, I find it incredibly immersion breaking that things suddenly happen, and most of my players do as well. My ranger player for example is still waiting for a long enough break to find her animal companion, and being without has helped the players bond with the world far better than having a random passing animal just at that key moment. |
135,575 | In our campaign, I'm currently considering multiclassing into Rogue very soon. One thing I'm wondering is how, if at all, it could be justified for me to learn thieves' cant *when our party is currently alone in the middle of an illusory mind-dungeon* - the point being that there are no Rogueish role models or tutors or any of the like for it to make sense for me to suddenly be able to learn independently a language that is currently known and used by others.
If such a justification can't be found, should our DM simply deprive me of this ability? My instinctive response is that it would feel like an unfair disadvantage based on a roleplay-founded issue (although I'm fully aware that its use is entirely dependent on the world/DM - this is more of a principles question, though still a situational one).
What should happen in this situation? What about if it is impossible by any non-divine means to learn the language? | 2018/11/15 | [
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/questions/135575",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/users/48792/"
] | ### Choose whatever narrative you like best. Class features do not need narrative justification.
The D&D 5E system is mainly driven by rules and abstractions rather than narrative. Regardless of the narrative you use to explain how your character gained their class features, your character will gain those class features because the rules say they do.
Multiclassing into Rogue means you gain a 1st level Rogue's class features, plus proficiency with light armor, thieves' tools, and one extra skill. From the PHB section on [multiclassing](https://roll20.net/compendium/dnd5e/Character%20Advancement#content):
>
> When you gain a new level in a class, you get its features for that level.
>
>
>
So by taking that level in Rogue, you can provide whatever narrative explanation you want. Maybe your character finds a book containing Thieves Cant terminology. Or maybe they've been studying it all along, and they weren't fluent until recently. Maybe they suddenly remember some past experience to explain their Expertise and Sneak Attack. The game assumes that any story will make sense. Your character gains these features because the D&D 5E rules say so.
### D&D is designed to follow game mechanics rather than realism.
And trying to impose narrative realism into D&D is often unproductive when it clashes with those mechanics. Fantasy elements aside, class progressions often mean that characters gain new abilities in ways that may be inconsistent with the narrative.
Example: [Wizards](https://roll20.net/compendium/dnd5e/Wizard#content) learn spells through study and research. After gaining sufficient combat XP, the Wizard gains a level and add two new spells to their spellbook. This is an abstraction. Even if they're in a dungeon, it is assumed that the Wizard found the time and resources to write those new spells. Why? Because that's what the system rules say. The DM could encourage the Wizard's player to provide some narrative for roleplay sake, but it should not be a requirement.
There is no "correct" explanation for how a character gets their class features. Some players may want to roleplay some ritual or process of gaining their new powers. Other players may prefer to ad-lib a brief explanation of how they got their abilities when nobody was looking. Other players may skip an explanation entirely.
### What about [Rule Zero](https://rpg.stackexchange.com/questions/102507/what-is-rule-zero)?
The DM has the final say regarding what happens at the table and in their story. In theory, the DM could declare that a character doesn't gain their class features. But this selective realism so puts the player at a disadvantage, and would likely seem unfair. If your DM is trying to run a narrative-driven game, then it may help to discuss this with your DM outside of the game, and agree to a method and explanation for gaining your class features. | First, discuss with your DM
---------------------------
When you have questions like this of "should this be allowed" the DM will ultimately be the final authority. So, you should talk to them about your concerns. D&D 5e is a game about collaboratively storytelling, so they will typically work to weave it into their narrative, or overlook it for the sake of sticking to the mechanics. Every game I have ever played in had a *Session 0* which discussed expectations surrounding multiclassing and narrative-driven vs. mechanics-driven gameplay. It really needs to be worked out with the DM as they will be able to offer suggestions of how it would fit in the narrative.
Self-regulate
-------------
The book says you can multiclass, so I doubt any DM would flat out say "no", but if you are worried about breaking the narrative you can always multiclass but choose not to use Thieve's Cant until you feel it is narratively justified. If you haven't already in preparation to multiclass, you can have your character begin researching and learning about thieves guilds and the like.
In my current game, I avoid taking Touch spells due to germaphobia. As a Sorcerer, I recently added a couple Touch spells because I expect to be over the germaphobia before the end of my current level, but I am choosing to not use those spells until they feel narratively justified (our group has been going with heavy story driven RP). It is far from optimized gameplay, but it enhances the RP experience for me and has been more enjoyable than mechanics-driven games I have played in the past. |
135,575 | In our campaign, I'm currently considering multiclassing into Rogue very soon. One thing I'm wondering is how, if at all, it could be justified for me to learn thieves' cant *when our party is currently alone in the middle of an illusory mind-dungeon* - the point being that there are no Rogueish role models or tutors or any of the like for it to make sense for me to suddenly be able to learn independently a language that is currently known and used by others.
If such a justification can't be found, should our DM simply deprive me of this ability? My instinctive response is that it would feel like an unfair disadvantage based on a roleplay-founded issue (although I'm fully aware that its use is entirely dependent on the world/DM - this is more of a principles question, though still a situational one).
What should happen in this situation? What about if it is impossible by any non-divine means to learn the language? | 2018/11/15 | [
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/questions/135575",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/users/48792/"
] | ### Choose whatever narrative you like best. Class features do not need narrative justification.
The D&D 5E system is mainly driven by rules and abstractions rather than narrative. Regardless of the narrative you use to explain how your character gained their class features, your character will gain those class features because the rules say they do.
Multiclassing into Rogue means you gain a 1st level Rogue's class features, plus proficiency with light armor, thieves' tools, and one extra skill. From the PHB section on [multiclassing](https://roll20.net/compendium/dnd5e/Character%20Advancement#content):
>
> When you gain a new level in a class, you get its features for that level.
>
>
>
So by taking that level in Rogue, you can provide whatever narrative explanation you want. Maybe your character finds a book containing Thieves Cant terminology. Or maybe they've been studying it all along, and they weren't fluent until recently. Maybe they suddenly remember some past experience to explain their Expertise and Sneak Attack. The game assumes that any story will make sense. Your character gains these features because the D&D 5E rules say so.
### D&D is designed to follow game mechanics rather than realism.
And trying to impose narrative realism into D&D is often unproductive when it clashes with those mechanics. Fantasy elements aside, class progressions often mean that characters gain new abilities in ways that may be inconsistent with the narrative.
Example: [Wizards](https://roll20.net/compendium/dnd5e/Wizard#content) learn spells through study and research. After gaining sufficient combat XP, the Wizard gains a level and add two new spells to their spellbook. This is an abstraction. Even if they're in a dungeon, it is assumed that the Wizard found the time and resources to write those new spells. Why? Because that's what the system rules say. The DM could encourage the Wizard's player to provide some narrative for roleplay sake, but it should not be a requirement.
There is no "correct" explanation for how a character gets their class features. Some players may want to roleplay some ritual or process of gaining their new powers. Other players may prefer to ad-lib a brief explanation of how they got their abilities when nobody was looking. Other players may skip an explanation entirely.
### What about [Rule Zero](https://rpg.stackexchange.com/questions/102507/what-is-rule-zero)?
The DM has the final say regarding what happens at the table and in their story. In theory, the DM could declare that a character doesn't gain their class features. But this selective realism so puts the player at a disadvantage, and would likely seem unfair. If your DM is trying to run a narrative-driven game, then it may help to discuss this with your DM outside of the game, and agree to a method and explanation for gaining your class features. | Narratively? None at all. RAW? The knowledge just appears
---------------------------------------------------------
RAW doesn't care about making any kind of sense narratively, and there is no way the designers could design around narratives that exist only at individual tables and still keep a tight ruleset. You would just mysteriously pick up the knowledge, if you can ignore the provenance of that knowledge.
However, your GM could reasonably have you hold off on that level change until some narrative element justified it. This is more in line with the Milestones approach, where you wouldn't level in the middle of a dungeon anyway.
Frankly, this is a question for your GM. No one here can know what
your character's or game's circumstances are to give you a definitive
answer. But, if you want some spitballing ideas off the top of the
head, here you go:
* If your character is a servant of a god of trickery or knowledge, they might divinely bless you with your level and features for their own mysterious purposes.
* There might be a magic tome of some sort found in a chest or on a shelf that could imbue you with the class features found in a chest somewhere.
* Some high-level person in the next dungeon over might have cast Wish and your getting that Rogue level and its class features might serve that wish in some way down the road.
* You are in an illusory mind-dungeon. Maybe the nature of the place ties it in with the Astral Plane, and some astral fragment floats into your head with the knowledge, or is placed there by some entity.
* Maybe later on in the campaign or after, far in the future, you find a Ring of Wish or draw the Moon in a Deck of Many Things, or something like that, and cast Wish from it, wishing that you had learned to be a rogue back in time when you were at your current
level, and boom, there it is. It's mysterious now, but it will come full circle and all come clear eventually. |
135,575 | In our campaign, I'm currently considering multiclassing into Rogue very soon. One thing I'm wondering is how, if at all, it could be justified for me to learn thieves' cant *when our party is currently alone in the middle of an illusory mind-dungeon* - the point being that there are no Rogueish role models or tutors or any of the like for it to make sense for me to suddenly be able to learn independently a language that is currently known and used by others.
If such a justification can't be found, should our DM simply deprive me of this ability? My instinctive response is that it would feel like an unfair disadvantage based on a roleplay-founded issue (although I'm fully aware that its use is entirely dependent on the world/DM - this is more of a principles question, though still a situational one).
What should happen in this situation? What about if it is impossible by any non-divine means to learn the language? | 2018/11/15 | [
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/questions/135575",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/users/48792/"
] | Class levels are abstract
-------------------------
The character does not know that he just took a level in rogue, he has always been studying and practicing rogue things and is only now confident in his own ability to put it into practice.
**In short he has always known basic thieves' cant**, but maybe he struggled with his memory and something innocuous triggers inside him and it all falls into place. That happens all the time - when you stop concentrating on a problem the answer comes to you.
Example: A scratch on the wall looks suspiciously similar to a symbol in thieves cant, the rogue stares for a while and remembers back to being taught it by an acquaintance long ago. He had completely forgotten about it until that moment.
This is similar to magic, a wizard doesn't suddenly know level 2 spells and immediately add them to the spell book, they have always been in the book and the wizard has been trying to cast them unsuccessfully for 2 levels, and gets the breakthrough at that key moment.
To add some good subjective to this:
------------------------------------
I run my own campaigns in this style, I find it incredibly immersion breaking that things suddenly happen, and most of my players do as well. My ranger player for example is still waiting for a long enough break to find her animal companion, and being without has helped the players bond with the world far better than having a random passing animal just at that key moment. | First, discuss with your DM
---------------------------
When you have questions like this of "should this be allowed" the DM will ultimately be the final authority. So, you should talk to them about your concerns. D&D 5e is a game about collaboratively storytelling, so they will typically work to weave it into their narrative, or overlook it for the sake of sticking to the mechanics. Every game I have ever played in had a *Session 0* which discussed expectations surrounding multiclassing and narrative-driven vs. mechanics-driven gameplay. It really needs to be worked out with the DM as they will be able to offer suggestions of how it would fit in the narrative.
Self-regulate
-------------
The book says you can multiclass, so I doubt any DM would flat out say "no", but if you are worried about breaking the narrative you can always multiclass but choose not to use Thieve's Cant until you feel it is narratively justified. If you haven't already in preparation to multiclass, you can have your character begin researching and learning about thieves guilds and the like.
In my current game, I avoid taking Touch spells due to germaphobia. As a Sorcerer, I recently added a couple Touch spells because I expect to be over the germaphobia before the end of my current level, but I am choosing to not use those spells until they feel narratively justified (our group has been going with heavy story driven RP). It is far from optimized gameplay, but it enhances the RP experience for me and has been more enjoyable than mechanics-driven games I have played in the past. |
135,575 | In our campaign, I'm currently considering multiclassing into Rogue very soon. One thing I'm wondering is how, if at all, it could be justified for me to learn thieves' cant *when our party is currently alone in the middle of an illusory mind-dungeon* - the point being that there are no Rogueish role models or tutors or any of the like for it to make sense for me to suddenly be able to learn independently a language that is currently known and used by others.
If such a justification can't be found, should our DM simply deprive me of this ability? My instinctive response is that it would feel like an unfair disadvantage based on a roleplay-founded issue (although I'm fully aware that its use is entirely dependent on the world/DM - this is more of a principles question, though still a situational one).
What should happen in this situation? What about if it is impossible by any non-divine means to learn the language? | 2018/11/15 | [
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/questions/135575",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/users/48792/"
] | Class levels are abstract
-------------------------
The character does not know that he just took a level in rogue, he has always been studying and practicing rogue things and is only now confident in his own ability to put it into practice.
**In short he has always known basic thieves' cant**, but maybe he struggled with his memory and something innocuous triggers inside him and it all falls into place. That happens all the time - when you stop concentrating on a problem the answer comes to you.
Example: A scratch on the wall looks suspiciously similar to a symbol in thieves cant, the rogue stares for a while and remembers back to being taught it by an acquaintance long ago. He had completely forgotten about it until that moment.
This is similar to magic, a wizard doesn't suddenly know level 2 spells and immediately add them to the spell book, they have always been in the book and the wizard has been trying to cast them unsuccessfully for 2 levels, and gets the breakthrough at that key moment.
To add some good subjective to this:
------------------------------------
I run my own campaigns in this style, I find it incredibly immersion breaking that things suddenly happen, and most of my players do as well. My ranger player for example is still waiting for a long enough break to find her animal companion, and being without has helped the players bond with the world far better than having a random passing animal just at that key moment. | Narratively? None at all. RAW? The knowledge just appears
---------------------------------------------------------
RAW doesn't care about making any kind of sense narratively, and there is no way the designers could design around narratives that exist only at individual tables and still keep a tight ruleset. You would just mysteriously pick up the knowledge, if you can ignore the provenance of that knowledge.
However, your GM could reasonably have you hold off on that level change until some narrative element justified it. This is more in line with the Milestones approach, where you wouldn't level in the middle of a dungeon anyway.
Frankly, this is a question for your GM. No one here can know what
your character's or game's circumstances are to give you a definitive
answer. But, if you want some spitballing ideas off the top of the
head, here you go:
* If your character is a servant of a god of trickery or knowledge, they might divinely bless you with your level and features for their own mysterious purposes.
* There might be a magic tome of some sort found in a chest or on a shelf that could imbue you with the class features found in a chest somewhere.
* Some high-level person in the next dungeon over might have cast Wish and your getting that Rogue level and its class features might serve that wish in some way down the road.
* You are in an illusory mind-dungeon. Maybe the nature of the place ties it in with the Astral Plane, and some astral fragment floats into your head with the knowledge, or is placed there by some entity.
* Maybe later on in the campaign or after, far in the future, you find a Ring of Wish or draw the Moon in a Deck of Many Things, or something like that, and cast Wish from it, wishing that you had learned to be a rogue back in time when you were at your current
level, and boom, there it is. It's mysterious now, but it will come full circle and all come clear eventually. |
135,575 | In our campaign, I'm currently considering multiclassing into Rogue very soon. One thing I'm wondering is how, if at all, it could be justified for me to learn thieves' cant *when our party is currently alone in the middle of an illusory mind-dungeon* - the point being that there are no Rogueish role models or tutors or any of the like for it to make sense for me to suddenly be able to learn independently a language that is currently known and used by others.
If such a justification can't be found, should our DM simply deprive me of this ability? My instinctive response is that it would feel like an unfair disadvantage based on a roleplay-founded issue (although I'm fully aware that its use is entirely dependent on the world/DM - this is more of a principles question, though still a situational one).
What should happen in this situation? What about if it is impossible by any non-divine means to learn the language? | 2018/11/15 | [
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/questions/135575",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/users/48792/"
] | Narratively? None at all. RAW? The knowledge just appears
---------------------------------------------------------
RAW doesn't care about making any kind of sense narratively, and there is no way the designers could design around narratives that exist only at individual tables and still keep a tight ruleset. You would just mysteriously pick up the knowledge, if you can ignore the provenance of that knowledge.
However, your GM could reasonably have you hold off on that level change until some narrative element justified it. This is more in line with the Milestones approach, where you wouldn't level in the middle of a dungeon anyway.
Frankly, this is a question for your GM. No one here can know what
your character's or game's circumstances are to give you a definitive
answer. But, if you want some spitballing ideas off the top of the
head, here you go:
* If your character is a servant of a god of trickery or knowledge, they might divinely bless you with your level and features for their own mysterious purposes.
* There might be a magic tome of some sort found in a chest or on a shelf that could imbue you with the class features found in a chest somewhere.
* Some high-level person in the next dungeon over might have cast Wish and your getting that Rogue level and its class features might serve that wish in some way down the road.
* You are in an illusory mind-dungeon. Maybe the nature of the place ties it in with the Astral Plane, and some astral fragment floats into your head with the knowledge, or is placed there by some entity.
* Maybe later on in the campaign or after, far in the future, you find a Ring of Wish or draw the Moon in a Deck of Many Things, or something like that, and cast Wish from it, wishing that you had learned to be a rogue back in time when you were at your current
level, and boom, there it is. It's mysterious now, but it will come full circle and all come clear eventually. | First, discuss with your DM
---------------------------
When you have questions like this of "should this be allowed" the DM will ultimately be the final authority. So, you should talk to them about your concerns. D&D 5e is a game about collaboratively storytelling, so they will typically work to weave it into their narrative, or overlook it for the sake of sticking to the mechanics. Every game I have ever played in had a *Session 0* which discussed expectations surrounding multiclassing and narrative-driven vs. mechanics-driven gameplay. It really needs to be worked out with the DM as they will be able to offer suggestions of how it would fit in the narrative.
Self-regulate
-------------
The book says you can multiclass, so I doubt any DM would flat out say "no", but if you are worried about breaking the narrative you can always multiclass but choose not to use Thieve's Cant until you feel it is narratively justified. If you haven't already in preparation to multiclass, you can have your character begin researching and learning about thieves guilds and the like.
In my current game, I avoid taking Touch spells due to germaphobia. As a Sorcerer, I recently added a couple Touch spells because I expect to be over the germaphobia before the end of my current level, but I am choosing to not use those spells until they feel narratively justified (our group has been going with heavy story driven RP). It is far from optimized gameplay, but it enhances the RP experience for me and has been more enjoyable than mechanics-driven games I have played in the past. |
40,088,713 | I've developed some photo application for internal use, working with Canon 5D Mark II through Canon EOS SDK 2.13.
As for now, I've tried to upgrade SDK to 3.5.
The application was totally ruined (e.g., when I try to open liveview, the camera flatters its shutter on-off and doesn't send liveview stream).
So, I've got some questions.
1. Is Canon EOS SDK 3.5 backward compatible with Canon 5D Mark II?
2. Can I still use 32-bit SDK with .NET Framework based 32-bit application under 64-bit Windows?
3. Are there some changes with C# code using the 3.5 SDK in comparence with 2.13?
Thank you in advance. | 2016/10/17 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/40088713",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/4202154/"
] | I do not have any experience with this SDK. But using a quick fix to make your old project compile again with a Win32 assembly is to build on a target platform (32-bit).
Build -> Configuration Manager -> Project
choose on column Platform
New -> Then set new platform to x86. | There has been a breaking change in version 3.4 where the file and IO related functions switched from uint to ulong.
Also the PictureStyleDesc struct has changed in 3.2 and the DirectoryItemInfo struct in 3.4
[My project](http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/688276/Canon-EDSDK-Tutorial-in-Csharp) is compatible with all versions and if you are only interested in the changes, have a look at the SDKMethods.cs and SDKStructs.cs files in the SDK folder. Those files include both versions and a way to find out which Canon SDK version is used. |
1,341,370 | Are there any fully functional IRC Components out there for Delphi? I have looked at the TIDIRC component (Indy 10), and it is missing too many things to be usable for me.
I basically have an application and I would like to add in the IRC functionality to it, to automatically connect to an IRC server and join 2 channels and allow the participants to interact on those 2 channels. I initially set up the a test application using TIDIRC, and connected to the IRC server, and joined a channel. Unfortunately IDIRC would not return the names of the participants of the channel, and it kept generating 200 errors, and a fair amount of the data returned from the server is being cut. I need to get this up and running quickly and I do not have the time to sit and debug the Indy component and build everything into it, would be nice but not possible at this time. | 2009/08/27 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1341370",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/161519/"
] | You can look at:
1. Torry's page on [IRC components for Delphi](http://www.torry.net/pages.php?id=217)
2. Instructions on building an IRC client [here](http://www.devarticles.com/c/a/Delphi-Kylix/Building-an-IRC-Client/). Plenty of useful information. | You can use a library such as [Synapse](http://www.ararat.cz/synapse/doku.php) and implement your own. Start with the telnet class, create a new descendant to implement the specific commands you want to provide. The good thing is that the IRC protocol is well [documented](http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2812.html). |
1,341,370 | Are there any fully functional IRC Components out there for Delphi? I have looked at the TIDIRC component (Indy 10), and it is missing too many things to be usable for me.
I basically have an application and I would like to add in the IRC functionality to it, to automatically connect to an IRC server and join 2 channels and allow the participants to interact on those 2 channels. I initially set up the a test application using TIDIRC, and connected to the IRC server, and joined a channel. Unfortunately IDIRC would not return the names of the participants of the channel, and it kept generating 200 errors, and a fair amount of the data returned from the server is being cut. I need to get this up and running quickly and I do not have the time to sit and debug the Indy component and build everything into it, would be nice but not possible at this time. | 2009/08/27 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1341370",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/161519/"
] | You can look at:
1. Torry's page on [IRC components for Delphi](http://www.torry.net/pages.php?id=217)
2. Instructions on building an IRC client [here](http://www.devarticles.com/c/a/Delphi-Kylix/Building-an-IRC-Client/). Plenty of useful information. | There is opensource Delphi client - VisualIRC
<http://www.visualirc.net/download.php>
Outdated somehow (but same is IRC, no?), but still can be used as root.
To me, the problem with IRC is lack of standard.
The standard features are too narrow and simplistics.
The richer and flexier ones - just simplge login/password authentification - are provided by different and incompatible extenstion. How should u support them all and select the applicable one from the list ? |
1,341,370 | Are there any fully functional IRC Components out there for Delphi? I have looked at the TIDIRC component (Indy 10), and it is missing too many things to be usable for me.
I basically have an application and I would like to add in the IRC functionality to it, to automatically connect to an IRC server and join 2 channels and allow the participants to interact on those 2 channels. I initially set up the a test application using TIDIRC, and connected to the IRC server, and joined a channel. Unfortunately IDIRC would not return the names of the participants of the channel, and it kept generating 200 errors, and a fair amount of the data returned from the server is being cut. I need to get this up and running quickly and I do not have the time to sit and debug the Indy component and build everything into it, would be nice but not possible at this time. | 2009/08/27 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1341370",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/161519/"
] | You can look at:
1. Torry's page on [IRC components for Delphi](http://www.torry.net/pages.php?id=217)
2. Instructions on building an IRC client [here](http://www.devarticles.com/c/a/Delphi-Kylix/Building-an-IRC-Client/). Plenty of useful information. | TIdIRC is actually not free of some smaller Bugs but Indy10 supports you also as a big InternetFramework - you can get Indy10 TIdIRC right running up to Win10:
<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=70O4gkLy_ZY&t=140s>
Elmar Baumann |
1,341,370 | Are there any fully functional IRC Components out there for Delphi? I have looked at the TIDIRC component (Indy 10), and it is missing too many things to be usable for me.
I basically have an application and I would like to add in the IRC functionality to it, to automatically connect to an IRC server and join 2 channels and allow the participants to interact on those 2 channels. I initially set up the a test application using TIDIRC, and connected to the IRC server, and joined a channel. Unfortunately IDIRC would not return the names of the participants of the channel, and it kept generating 200 errors, and a fair amount of the data returned from the server is being cut. I need to get this up and running quickly and I do not have the time to sit and debug the Indy component and build everything into it, would be nice but not possible at this time. | 2009/08/27 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1341370",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/161519/"
] | You can use a library such as [Synapse](http://www.ararat.cz/synapse/doku.php) and implement your own. Start with the telnet class, create a new descendant to implement the specific commands you want to provide. The good thing is that the IRC protocol is well [documented](http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2812.html). | There is opensource Delphi client - VisualIRC
<http://www.visualirc.net/download.php>
Outdated somehow (but same is IRC, no?), but still can be used as root.
To me, the problem with IRC is lack of standard.
The standard features are too narrow and simplistics.
The richer and flexier ones - just simplge login/password authentification - are provided by different and incompatible extenstion. How should u support them all and select the applicable one from the list ? |
1,341,370 | Are there any fully functional IRC Components out there for Delphi? I have looked at the TIDIRC component (Indy 10), and it is missing too many things to be usable for me.
I basically have an application and I would like to add in the IRC functionality to it, to automatically connect to an IRC server and join 2 channels and allow the participants to interact on those 2 channels. I initially set up the a test application using TIDIRC, and connected to the IRC server, and joined a channel. Unfortunately IDIRC would not return the names of the participants of the channel, and it kept generating 200 errors, and a fair amount of the data returned from the server is being cut. I need to get this up and running quickly and I do not have the time to sit and debug the Indy component and build everything into it, would be nice but not possible at this time. | 2009/08/27 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1341370",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/161519/"
] | You can use a library such as [Synapse](http://www.ararat.cz/synapse/doku.php) and implement your own. Start with the telnet class, create a new descendant to implement the specific commands you want to provide. The good thing is that the IRC protocol is well [documented](http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2812.html). | TIdIRC is actually not free of some smaller Bugs but Indy10 supports you also as a big InternetFramework - you can get Indy10 TIdIRC right running up to Win10:
<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=70O4gkLy_ZY&t=140s>
Elmar Baumann |
74,132 | Chairman of the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) (2017 to 2021) [Ajit Pai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajit_Pai#Net_neutrality_in_the_United_States) had been outspoken against net neutrality since at least 2014 and once head of the FCC worked to undo it: [Net neutrality in the United States: Rollback to Title I information services under the Trump administration (2017–2020)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_neutrality_in_the_United_States#Rollback_to_Title_I_information_services_under_the_Trump_administration_(2017%E2%80%932020)). For those like me who use visual cues to recall past events, one can search "Ajit Pai giant coffee mug" or "Ajit Pai light saber". For more serious reminders search "net neutrality public comment letters".
Per Pai's Wikipedia page:
>
> Pai resigned on January 20, 2021, the day of Joe Biden's inauguration as President of the United States.
>
>
>
Per Wikipedia's [Net neutrality in the United States; Timeline of significant events](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_neutrality_in_the_United_States#Timeline_of_significant_events) the last two items listed currently are:
>
> * October 27, 2020 - The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) votes 3-2 to reaffirm the rolling back of net neutrality regulations.227
> * February 8, 2021 - The U.S. Justice Department dropped its legal challenge to California's net neutrality statute.228,229
>
>
> 227Klar, Rebecca (October 27, 2020). "[FCC reaffirms order rolling back net neutrality regulations](https://thehill.com/policy/technology/522947-fcc-reaffirms-order-rolling-back-net-neutrality-regulations)". TheHill. Retrieved November 2, 2020.
>
>
> 228"[Justice Department drops challenge to California net neutrality rules](https://www.theverge.com/2021/2/8/22273185/justice-department-drops-california-net-neutrality-lawsuit-ajit-pai)". February 8, 2021.
>
>
> 229 <https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/DOC-369799A1.pdf>
>
>
>
**Question:** Has the Biden administration successfully restored US internet neutrality? Have they put safeguards in place to keep it that way?
The FCC reaffirmed the order rolling back net neutrality regulations in October 2020, the US presidential election was the next month in November, Biden was sworn in January 20, 2021 and Pai resigned the same day.
Since then how has the US federal government's actions affected the state of net neutrality in the US? | 2022/07/08 | [
"https://politics.stackexchange.com/questions/74132",
"https://politics.stackexchange.com",
"https://politics.stackexchange.com/users/16047/"
] | *Q: Has the Biden administration successfully restored US internet neutrality? Have they put safeguards in place to keep it that way?*
No and no.
*Q: Since [the order rolling back net neutrality regulations in October 2020,] how has the US federal government's actions affected the state of net neutrality in the US?*
There has been no effect.
On January 4, 2022, President Biden [nominated Gigi Sohn](https://www.congress.gov/nomination/117th-congress/1536) to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). On March 3, 2022, the Senate committee "Failed to report favorably" the nomination. In the absence of another commissioner, the FCC has an even split between Democrats and Republicans, preventing any advancement of reinstating net neutrality.
On July 28, 2022, bills were introduced in the House ([H.R.8573](https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/8573)) and Senate ([S.4676](https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/4676)), both titled "Net Neutrality and Broadband Justice Act of 2022", to regulate "broadband internet access service" as a telecommunications service. Neither bill has advanced, nor is either likely to be enacted this session of Congress.
Any further action will have to wait until the 118th Congress (2023-2024). | I think "net neutrality" is very similar to "scientific neutrality" in highly technological societies: there is no such thing. We know that Big Fossil Fuel firms have used scientific data to augment their climate denialism on various fronts, as Big Tobacco did with the science showing tobacco was a carcinogen. And similarly to Big Finance who explained their Black-Scholes models delivered a "fair price" to derivatives because the mathematics was robust until the market meltdown of 2008. It tirns out moral hazard can be spread aroumd a financial system as well as great many toxic assets that were worth nothing like investors were told they were.
Recently, a number of Nobel Peace Prize winners came together advocating urgent action on an "existential crisis" facing liberal democracies of the West. The power of Big Tech. The proposals wwre presemted by the 2022 winners and were endorsed by 8 other laureates. They said:
>
> We urge rights-respecting democracies to wake up to the existential threat of information ecosystems being distorted by a Big Tech business model fixated on harvestimg people's data and attention, even as it undermines serious journalism and polarises debate in society and political life.
>
>
>
This requires a much more active engagement of government with Big Tech - not "net neutrality". For example one proposal they advocate is an end to Surveillance Capitalism. |
6,642 | Does anyone know of any (preferably online) tools that allow you to create a visual scrap book of online research, with links to pages, snippets of text, and images?
Maybe something similar to [Notefish](http://www.notefish.com/)? (I couldn't work out any way to get images into the notes).
[Here](http://www.notefish.com/notes.php?p=1621.)'s an example page you're supposed to be able to achieve with Notefish.
Does anyone know of something similar to/better than Notefish? | 2010/09/12 | [
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com/questions/6642",
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com",
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com/users/4441/"
] | The [Best Word Finder](http://www.wireless-trend.com/wordfinder_best_index_eng.php) can combine multiple search restrictions.
The following link has the fields filled in for the letters "BJEOT?Y" and matching "O?J\*".
This returns the word "Object"
<http://www.wireless-trend.com/wordfinder_best_index_eng.php?ufname=BJEOT?Y&ufirst=&ulast=&unumber=&umatch=O?J> | Many sites helps you to make words from letters for Scrabble and other word games. You can use their tools to train for Scrabble, Words With Friends, Literati and other word games, but also to create words with the letters of your choice. |
6,642 | Does anyone know of any (preferably online) tools that allow you to create a visual scrap book of online research, with links to pages, snippets of text, and images?
Maybe something similar to [Notefish](http://www.notefish.com/)? (I couldn't work out any way to get images into the notes).
[Here](http://www.notefish.com/notes.php?p=1621.)'s an example page you're supposed to be able to achieve with Notefish.
Does anyone know of something similar to/better than Notefish? | 2010/09/12 | [
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com/questions/6642",
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com",
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com/users/4441/"
] | If you're simply trying to get Scrabble moves, then [Scrabulizer.com](http://www.scrabulizer.com) is what you want. Otherwise what you want is an anagrammer, of which there are plenty. Such as <http://www.a2zwordfinder.com> | You could try <http://www.scrabbleaword.com> too. They have multiple word finder dictionaries you can choose from. |
6,642 | Does anyone know of any (preferably online) tools that allow you to create a visual scrap book of online research, with links to pages, snippets of text, and images?
Maybe something similar to [Notefish](http://www.notefish.com/)? (I couldn't work out any way to get images into the notes).
[Here](http://www.notefish.com/notes.php?p=1621.)'s an example page you're supposed to be able to achieve with Notefish.
Does anyone know of something similar to/better than Notefish? | 2010/09/12 | [
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com/questions/6642",
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com",
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com/users/4441/"
] | This seems like just what you need.
[A2Z WordFinder: Scrabble® Letter Pattern Search](http://www.a2zwordfinder.com/puzz/scrabble.html)
Results in:
 | Many sites helps you to make words from letters for Scrabble and other word games. You can use their tools to train for Scrabble, Words With Friends, Literati and other word games, but also to create words with the letters of your choice. |
6,642 | Does anyone know of any (preferably online) tools that allow you to create a visual scrap book of online research, with links to pages, snippets of text, and images?
Maybe something similar to [Notefish](http://www.notefish.com/)? (I couldn't work out any way to get images into the notes).
[Here](http://www.notefish.com/notes.php?p=1621.)'s an example page you're supposed to be able to achieve with Notefish.
Does anyone know of something similar to/better than Notefish? | 2010/09/12 | [
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com/questions/6642",
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com",
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com/users/4441/"
] | If you're simply trying to get Scrabble moves, then [Scrabulizer.com](http://www.scrabulizer.com) is what you want. Otherwise what you want is an anagrammer, of which there are plenty. Such as <http://www.a2zwordfinder.com> | Many sites helps you to make words from letters for Scrabble and other word games. You can use their tools to train for Scrabble, Words With Friends, Literati and other word games, but also to create words with the letters of your choice. |
6,642 | Does anyone know of any (preferably online) tools that allow you to create a visual scrap book of online research, with links to pages, snippets of text, and images?
Maybe something similar to [Notefish](http://www.notefish.com/)? (I couldn't work out any way to get images into the notes).
[Here](http://www.notefish.com/notes.php?p=1621.)'s an example page you're supposed to be able to achieve with Notefish.
Does anyone know of something similar to/better than Notefish? | 2010/09/12 | [
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com/questions/6642",
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com",
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com/users/4441/"
] | This seems like just what you need.
[A2Z WordFinder: Scrabble® Letter Pattern Search](http://www.a2zwordfinder.com/puzz/scrabble.html)
Results in:
 | You could try <http://www.scrabbleaword.com> too. They have multiple word finder dictionaries you can choose from. |
6,642 | Does anyone know of any (preferably online) tools that allow you to create a visual scrap book of online research, with links to pages, snippets of text, and images?
Maybe something similar to [Notefish](http://www.notefish.com/)? (I couldn't work out any way to get images into the notes).
[Here](http://www.notefish.com/notes.php?p=1621.)'s an example page you're supposed to be able to achieve with Notefish.
Does anyone know of something similar to/better than Notefish? | 2010/09/12 | [
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com/questions/6642",
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com",
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com/users/4441/"
] | This seems like just what you need.
[A2Z WordFinder: Scrabble® Letter Pattern Search](http://www.a2zwordfinder.com/puzz/scrabble.html)
Results in:
 | The [Lexifind Scrabble Helper](https://chrome.google.com/webstore/search?q=lexifind) allows you to enter your rack and board letters on a full scrabble board, and can display every playable word, right on the board. It also has full support for Literati, Lexulous, Wordscraper and Words with Friends.
There is a [video demonstration](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ueGJiQc5xl0) on Youtube. |
6,642 | Does anyone know of any (preferably online) tools that allow you to create a visual scrap book of online research, with links to pages, snippets of text, and images?
Maybe something similar to [Notefish](http://www.notefish.com/)? (I couldn't work out any way to get images into the notes).
[Here](http://www.notefish.com/notes.php?p=1621.)'s an example page you're supposed to be able to achieve with Notefish.
Does anyone know of something similar to/better than Notefish? | 2010/09/12 | [
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com/questions/6642",
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com",
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com/users/4441/"
] | This seems like just what you need.
[A2Z WordFinder: Scrabble® Letter Pattern Search](http://www.a2zwordfinder.com/puzz/scrabble.html)
Results in:
 | The [Best Word Finder](http://www.wireless-trend.com/wordfinder_best_index_eng.php) can combine multiple search restrictions.
The following link has the fields filled in for the letters "BJEOT?Y" and matching "O?J\*".
This returns the word "Object"
<http://www.wireless-trend.com/wordfinder_best_index_eng.php?ufname=BJEOT?Y&ufirst=&ulast=&unumber=&umatch=O?J> |
6,642 | Does anyone know of any (preferably online) tools that allow you to create a visual scrap book of online research, with links to pages, snippets of text, and images?
Maybe something similar to [Notefish](http://www.notefish.com/)? (I couldn't work out any way to get images into the notes).
[Here](http://www.notefish.com/notes.php?p=1621.)'s an example page you're supposed to be able to achieve with Notefish.
Does anyone know of something similar to/better than Notefish? | 2010/09/12 | [
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com/questions/6642",
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com",
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com/users/4441/"
] | You could try <http://www.scrabbleaword.com> too. They have multiple word finder dictionaries you can choose from. | Many sites helps you to make words from letters for Scrabble and other word games. You can use their tools to train for Scrabble, Words With Friends, Literati and other word games, but also to create words with the letters of your choice. |
586,838 | >
> Down in to the Yard, by way of the steps, came Daniel Doyce, Mr Meagles, and Clennam. Passing along the Yard, and between the open doors on either hand, all abundantly garnished with **light children nursing heavy ones**, they arrived at its opposite boundary, the gateway.
>
>
> ([*Little Dorrit*](https://dickens.thefreelibrary.com/Little-Dorrit/1-12#:%7E:text=light%20children%20nursing%20heavy%20ones) by Charles Dickens, Chapter 12)
>
>
>
What does the term "light children nursing heavy ones" mean? | 2022/03/31 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/586838",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/286086/"
] | In [*Little Dorrit*: Strategies of Paradox in the World Turned Upside Down](http://www.dickens.jp/archive/ld/ld-matsuoka.html) by Mitsuharu Matsuoka, the lines preceding "light children nursing heavy ones" provide a great explanation of what the phrase implies:
>
> One of the ironies of the Dorrits is that the father's childishness forces his youngest daughter to play the role of a parent: "... she had nursed her father in that room when she had been but a baby, needing all the care from others that she took of them." (736) From her mother's death, when she was a little girl aged eight, "the protection that her wondering eyes had expressed towards him, became embodied in action, and the Child of the Marshalsea took upon herself a new relation towards the Father." (70) **The child must become a mother to the father turned child**, as she has done, like "**light children nursing heavy ones**" (130), to the mentally retarded Maggy about twenty eight, who calls her "[Little mother](https://dickens.thefreelibrary.com/Little-Dorrit/1-9#:%7E:text=Little%20Dorrit%2C%20%27what%20a-,clumsy%20child,-you%20are!%27)" (96).
>
>
> | Small children left in charge of babies almost as big as they were seems to have been a common sight in large, poor families in Dickens's time, as Justin and Kate Bunting pointed out. Presumably the babies would literally be lighter than their siblings, but still "heavy" in the sense of being far too heavy for the child trying to carry them. There's a longer, and very funny, riff on this idea in Chapter 2 of "The Haunted Man and the Ghost's Bargain" (also by Dickens).
<https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/644/pg644-images.html>
>
> Besides which, another little boy—the biggest there, but still little—was tottering to and fro, bent on one side, and considerably affected in his knees by the weight of a large baby, which he was supposed by a fiction that obtains sometimes in sanguine families, to be hushing to sleep. But oh! the inexhaustible regions of contemplation and watchfulness into which this baby’s eyes were then only beginning to compose themselves to stare, over his unconscious shoulder!
>
>
> It was a very Moloch of a baby, on whose insatiate altar the whole existence of this particular young brother was offered up a daily sacrifice. Its personality may be said to have consisted in its never being quiet, in any one place, for five consecutive minutes, and never going to sleep when required. “Tetterby’s baby” was as well known in the neighbourhood as the postman or the pot-boy. It roved from door-step to door-step, in the arms of little Johnny Tetterby, and lagged heavily at the rear of troops of juveniles who followed the Tumblers or the Monkey, and came up, all on one side, a little too late for everything that was attractive, from Monday morning until Saturday night. Wherever childhood congregated to play, there was little Moloch making Johnny fag and toil. Wherever Johnny desired to stay, little Moloch became fractious, and would not remain. Whenever Johnny wanted to go out, Moloch was asleep, and must be watched. Whenever Johnny wanted to stay at home, Moloch was awake, and must be taken out. Yet Johnny was verily persuaded that it was a faultless baby, without its peer in the realm of England, and was quite content to catch meek glimpses of things in general from behind its skirts, or over its limp flapping bonnet, and to go staggering about with it like a very little porter with a very large parcel, which was not directed to anybody, and could never be delivered anywhere.
>
>
> |
2,940,161 | I am writing an application which is a kinda video streamer.The client is receiving a video stream using udp socket.Now as I am receiving the stream I want to play it simultaneous.It is different from playing local video file lying in your hard disk in which case it can be as simple as running the file using system("vlc filename").But here many issues are involved like there can be delay in receiving and player will have to wait for the incoming data.I have come to know about using vlc to run a video stream.Can you please elaborate the step for playing the stream using vlc.I am implementing my application in c++.
EDIT: Can somebody give me some idea regarding VLC API which can be used to stream a given video to particular destination and receive that stream at other end play it.
with regards,
Mawia | 2010/05/30 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2940161",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/90575/"
] | Well you can always take a look at [VideoLan's own homepage](http://www.videolan.org/doc/streaming-howto/en/ch01.html)
Other than that, streaming is quite straightforward:
1. Decide on a video codec that supports streaming. (ok obvious and probably already done)
2. Choose appropriate packet size.
3. Choose appropriate video quality.
4. At the client side: pre-buffer at least 2 secs of video and audio.
Number 2 and 3 sound strange, but they are worth thinking about:
If you have a broadband connection, you can afford to pump big packets over to the client. Note: Packets here means consistent units of data that the client needs to have completely to decode the next bit of video. If you send big packets, say 4 secs of video, you risk lag due to waiting for the complete data unit of, well, full 4 seconds, whilst small 0.5 sec packets would get you laggy but still recognizable and relatively fluent video on a bad connection.
Same goes for quality. Pixelated and artifact ridden videos are bad, stuttering video/sound desyncing videos are worse. Rather switch down to a lower quality/higher compression setting.
If your question is purely about the getting it done part, well, points 1 and 4 should do for you.
You might ask:
"If I want to do real time live video?"
All of the advice above still applies, but all of it has to be done smarter. First things first: You cannot do realtime over bad connections. It's a reality thing. If your connection is fat enough you can reach almost real time, just pump each image and a small sound sample out without much processing or any buffering at all. It is possible to get a good client experience from that, but connections like that are highly unlikely. The trick here usually is, transmit a video quality slightly lower than the connection would allow in theory and still wiggle caching and packet reordering in there... have fun. It is hard. | Unfortunately really the only API vlc has is the command line or equivalent of the command line (you can start player instances, passing them essentially what you would have on the command line). You can use libvlc if you need multiple instances or callbacks but it's pretty opaque still... |
10,049 | **Situation:**
* mother produces more milk than the baby drinks
* from breastfeeding, the skin is too sensitive to cover it with nursing pads
**Problem:**
Without nursing pads, milk will gradually dribble out at night, causing uncomfortably wet bedsheets.
**Short of switching bedsheets every day, what is a viable solution for preventing the constant flow of milk from reaching the bedsheets without having any cloth or similar tightly on the irritated part of the skin around the nipples all night?** | 2015/11/23 | [
"https://lifehacks.stackexchange.com/questions/10049",
"https://lifehacks.stackexchange.com",
"https://lifehacks.stackexchange.com/users/10101/"
] | Super-soaker diaper pads containing sodium polyacrylate, carboxymethylcellulose etc. can soak up a tremendous amount of liquid. If the mother cannot lay directly on a pad (even an [adult-sized diaper](http://www.walmart.com/c/kp/adult-diapers)), the absorbent powder could be sandwiched between towels and left on the bed. | Don't worry too much, breasts don't stay "leaky". Your real problem are sore nipples from breastfeeding. If you know a beekeeper get yourself some homemade honey and ask him if he can let you have some propolis. Propolis is like an antibiotic the bees produce to keep their hives healthy. You (or the beekeeper) have to liquify it in alcohlol to get a 30% alcohol/propolis tincture. Take a small jar and mix honey with propolis tincture (roughly 1 tablesoon honey to 10 drops of propolis). If you put some of the mix on any open wound or skin sore the problem will disappear within a couple of days. And in your case it has the added advantage of not presenting any danger to your baby like most ordinary medicine would do. And from the moment you put it on your nipples you'll be able to use any pad without it hurting too much. |
10,049 | **Situation:**
* mother produces more milk than the baby drinks
* from breastfeeding, the skin is too sensitive to cover it with nursing pads
**Problem:**
Without nursing pads, milk will gradually dribble out at night, causing uncomfortably wet bedsheets.
**Short of switching bedsheets every day, what is a viable solution for preventing the constant flow of milk from reaching the bedsheets without having any cloth or similar tightly on the irritated part of the skin around the nipples all night?** | 2015/11/23 | [
"https://lifehacks.stackexchange.com/questions/10049",
"https://lifehacks.stackexchange.com",
"https://lifehacks.stackexchange.com/users/10101/"
] | First, the leaking is not caused by overproduction. The letdown mechanism is just a little too sensitive in some women at first. Second, the leaking will settle down over time, as the mechanism fine tunes and everything sort of "stabilizes."
Next, take a close look at the nursing pads. They should **not** be plastic backed. Cloth pads that you can wash and dry with the diapers are the best. Change them frequently during the day so the skin is not sitting against damp cloth. Try to have an hour a day of "air drying". These changes will make the skin much happier and may make it feasible to wear the pads at night, which is the easiest way to protect the bed.
If it's still impossible to wear the pads at night, sleep on a towel, possibly one folded a few times for more thickness and absorbency. Wear a soft Tshirt to help keep the milk somewhat confined. (Sorry to freak out the uninitiated, but milk can occasionally spray out and that would mean a larger part of the bed gets wet.) If the volume is dramatic, look for a large bed pad (designed for bedwetters) that is plushy above and waterproof below. These are washable also.
Be patient. The leakage will settle down and the skin will get happier too. | Don't worry too much, breasts don't stay "leaky". Your real problem are sore nipples from breastfeeding. If you know a beekeeper get yourself some homemade honey and ask him if he can let you have some propolis. Propolis is like an antibiotic the bees produce to keep their hives healthy. You (or the beekeeper) have to liquify it in alcohlol to get a 30% alcohol/propolis tincture. Take a small jar and mix honey with propolis tincture (roughly 1 tablesoon honey to 10 drops of propolis). If you put some of the mix on any open wound or skin sore the problem will disappear within a couple of days. And in your case it has the added advantage of not presenting any danger to your baby like most ordinary medicine would do. And from the moment you put it on your nipples you'll be able to use any pad without it hurting too much. |
15,045,367 | I'm setting up i2c for an Application written in C, but I've not been able to find any how-to's for it. I'm running a model-b Raspberry Pi on Debian 6 with LXDE. Can anybody show me how to set up i2c so I can use it in a C Application?
Thanks for any help in advance | 2013/02/23 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/15045367",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1721628/"
] | I've been looking for similar information and I found a couple of i2c tutorials, one in [adafruit tutorials](http://learn.adafruit.com/category/raspberry-pi) and the other in [Guy Carpenter's Gaugette blog](http://guy.carpenter.id.au/gaugette/). I'm not yet at the stage of actually using it so I can't vouch for their completeness but they seem to be a good start.
* [Configuring Your Pi for I2C](http://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-16-channel-servo-driver-with-raspberry-pi/configuring-your-pi-for-i2c)
* [Analog Gauges Using I²C on the Raspberry Pi](http://guy.carpenter.id.au/gaugette/blog/2012/09/14/i2c-with-raspberry-pi/)
* [I2C Installation for Raspberry Pi](http://www.skpang.co.uk/blog/archives/575). I think this is only necessary if not using AdaFruit's [Occidentalis](http://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-raspberry-pi-educational-linux-distro/overview) release which has it included. | try this :
[C GPIO Interface library for the Raspberry Pi](http://wiringpi.com/)
It offers API for handling GPIO port on Raspberry, including dedicated functions for I2C interface. I've been using this to read measurements from temperature sensor and it works perfect (STCN75 connected to RPi rev. B).
You can find examples and instructions on author's website. Project is maintained and updated frequently on public Git repo. |
32,550 | I'm new to arduino. I'm doing a project where I need to send a RFID UID to php code. The UID will be detected by the arduino and the rest will happen at the php side. for that I need to get this UID at oho side. I'm using RFID-RC522 and arduino mega 2560. how can I do this?
also I found couple of posts about ethernet. is it the only solution for this? if I use an ethernet shield will it block any ports which I'm using on arduino for connecting the RFID things?
thank you | 2016/12/22 | [
"https://arduino.stackexchange.com/questions/32550",
"https://arduino.stackexchange.com",
"https://arduino.stackexchange.com/users/29323/"
] | Welcome to SE:Arduino.
Shields are usually designed so that the pins are still fully accessible. The shield has a set of male connectors on the underside and female connectors (same as your Arduino) on the top side. Just Google a pic of a shield and you will see what I mean.
Ethernet is not the only choice, there is Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, NFC, radio and probably a point to point light link. What ever communication method you select, you would need to use HTTP POST messages to your server, so your server will have to implement a REST or SOAP interface. (There are probably other ways, but I'm not a webbie so you will need to ask them on the correct SE forum)
Once you have created your message on the Arduino you send it to your shield, probably by a function call or over a serial interface. You'll get an OK back and all is good.
To find code that does this, just search, someone will have written and example, Adafruit and the Arduino.cc sites are good places to start. | There is a lot of WiFi and ethernet shields, most of them(if not all) will not block your RFID especially if you use Mega2560. You must have a network connection for talking with php server, so YES, you need WiFi or ethernet shield.
Hope i'll help.
Yoav |
32,550 | I'm new to arduino. I'm doing a project where I need to send a RFID UID to php code. The UID will be detected by the arduino and the rest will happen at the php side. for that I need to get this UID at oho side. I'm using RFID-RC522 and arduino mega 2560. how can I do this?
also I found couple of posts about ethernet. is it the only solution for this? if I use an ethernet shield will it block any ports which I'm using on arduino for connecting the RFID things?
thank you | 2016/12/22 | [
"https://arduino.stackexchange.com/questions/32550",
"https://arduino.stackexchange.com",
"https://arduino.stackexchange.com/users/29323/"
] | If you can use Wi-Fi, I suggest you to use **ESP8266-01**, it's cheap and usefull ! With this chip you can send all data to your server! | There is a lot of WiFi and ethernet shields, most of them(if not all) will not block your RFID especially if you use Mega2560. You must have a network connection for talking with php server, so YES, you need WiFi or ethernet shield.
Hope i'll help.
Yoav |
98,919 | Below is my home network topology. I currently have 5 static IP addresses, 3 of which are in use by 3 routers. These routers in-turn subnet internal networks and port forward. I use my SSL VPN appliance to remote home from work or on the road. At this point I can remotely administer my Windows Server. I know the network is setup wrong, I was matching existing hardware the best I knew how.
<http://storage.jessyhoule.com.s3.amazonaws.com/network_topology.jpg>
Ok this said, here is the problem... One of my websites on my Windows Server now needs to be secure (SSL using port 443). However, I'm already port forwarding port 443 to my VPN appliance. Furthermore, if I'm going to have to reconfigure the network, I would really like to be able to use the SSL VPN to remotely administer all machines.
I mentioned this to a friend of mine, who said that what I was looking for was a firewall. Explaining that a firewall would take in multiple static (WAN) IP addresses, and still allow all internal devices to be on the same network. So, basically, I could supply my SSL VPN appliance it's very own static (WAN) IP address routing, and yet have it on the same internal network (192.168.1.x) as all my other devices.
The first question is... Does this sound right? Secondly, would you suggest anything different? And, finally, what is the cheapest way to do this? I am started down the road of downloading/installing untangle and smoothwall to see if they will do the job, hoping they take multiple static (WAN) IP addresses.
Thank you in advance for your answers.
-Jessy Houle | 2010/01/03 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/98919",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/30611/"
] | If you simplify your configuration to the following Modem -> DDWRT -> Optional switch if the DDWRT doesn't have enough ports -> Servers/Clients. You should be able to setup you configuration such that the DDWRT router is listening on all of the public IP's and forwarding to the correct host using iptables.
Sorry, I can't give you the exact commands as I don't work with iptables all that much, and do everything but basic host fire walling using Cisco routers/asa's.
Also you will probably get a better answer on SU - they probably use that type of setup more often, so i'm going to vote to have it moved over.
[Ask and ye shall receive](http://www.dd-wrt.com/wiki/index.php/Iptables_command) (From the DDWRT Website) | Maybe you are already done. Here you find how to do it with DD-WRT:
<http://www.techenclave.com/guides-and-tutorials/multiple-public-ips-one-router-using-100375.html> |
98,919 | Below is my home network topology. I currently have 5 static IP addresses, 3 of which are in use by 3 routers. These routers in-turn subnet internal networks and port forward. I use my SSL VPN appliance to remote home from work or on the road. At this point I can remotely administer my Windows Server. I know the network is setup wrong, I was matching existing hardware the best I knew how.
<http://storage.jessyhoule.com.s3.amazonaws.com/network_topology.jpg>
Ok this said, here is the problem... One of my websites on my Windows Server now needs to be secure (SSL using port 443). However, I'm already port forwarding port 443 to my VPN appliance. Furthermore, if I'm going to have to reconfigure the network, I would really like to be able to use the SSL VPN to remotely administer all machines.
I mentioned this to a friend of mine, who said that what I was looking for was a firewall. Explaining that a firewall would take in multiple static (WAN) IP addresses, and still allow all internal devices to be on the same network. So, basically, I could supply my SSL VPN appliance it's very own static (WAN) IP address routing, and yet have it on the same internal network (192.168.1.x) as all my other devices.
The first question is... Does this sound right? Secondly, would you suggest anything different? And, finally, what is the cheapest way to do this? I am started down the road of downloading/installing untangle and smoothwall to see if they will do the job, hoping they take multiple static (WAN) IP addresses.
Thank you in advance for your answers.
-Jessy Houle | 2010/01/03 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/98919",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/30611/"
] | If you simplify your configuration to the following Modem -> DDWRT -> Optional switch if the DDWRT doesn't have enough ports -> Servers/Clients. You should be able to setup you configuration such that the DDWRT router is listening on all of the public IP's and forwarding to the correct host using iptables.
Sorry, I can't give you the exact commands as I don't work with iptables all that much, and do everything but basic host fire walling using Cisco routers/asa's.
Also you will probably get a better answer on SU - they probably use that type of setup more often, so i'm going to vote to have it moved over.
[Ask and ye shall receive](http://www.dd-wrt.com/wiki/index.php/Iptables_command) (From the DDWRT Website) | You can also consider getting a DrayTek 2950 or 2820N Model, they have dual WAN Ports (so you can plugin two physical internet connections)
They can have multiple Public IP Address bound to each Wan Interface, very easy to use and provides tons of features.
www.draytek.us
www.draytek.co.uk
<http://www.draytek.co.uk/products/vigor2950.html>
DrayTek 2950 provides 200+ concurrent vpn connections without any additional vpn CALs.
Hope this helps |
54,894 | Is there any way to add more than 10 locations to Google maps (by becoming a premium user or other paid services)? Or is a default for all users ? | 2014/01/23 | [
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com/questions/54894",
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com",
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com/users/57581/"
] | Ten destination points is currently the maximum for multiple-destination driving directions. There is no premium option and currently no way to get around this limit. | Yes, this is possible but only in the old Google maps. |
54,894 | Is there any way to add more than 10 locations to Google maps (by becoming a premium user or other paid services)? Or is a default for all users ? | 2014/01/23 | [
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com/questions/54894",
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com",
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com/users/57581/"
] | You may simply concatenate destinations in the URL.
For instance my original 10 destinations may be like this...
<https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Bridgewater+Pet+Boarding,+7596+Austin+Rd,+Saline,+MI+48176/Saline,+MI/Milan,+MI/Britton,+MI/Tecumseh,+MI/Decker+%26+Sons+Insurance+Inc,+265+S+Main+St,+Onsted,+MI+49265/Jackson,+MI/Chelsea,+MI/Stockbridge,+MI/Pinckney,+MI/@42.2695261,-84.0432186,10z/am=t/data=!3m1!4b1!4m63!4m62!1m5!1m1!1s0x883cb93059245a13:0xb18965ef7d27ed2e!2m2!1d-83.876656!2d42.160273!1m5!1m1!1s0x883cbacfff5b8a61:0xb76c9793c1fef3cd!2m2!1d-83.7816075!2d42.1667072!1m5!1m1!1s0x883ca1b0a6c765c1:0xc0b6d49db60eabe5!2m2!1d-83.6824384!2d42.0853204!1m5!1m1!1s0x883c914c71b582a7:0x666f59bb1d0657bb!2m2!1d-83.8310513!2d41.9867114!1m5!1m1!1s0x883c94c6800b5fd5:0x990fd176e2cc9ed7!2m2!1d-83.9449417!2d42.0039331!1m5!1m1!1s0x883ce3f9a3dbd17f:0x3ecb62ea861aa8ff!2m2!1d-84.189328!2d42.00273!1m5!1m1!1s0x883d25593e337b6b:0xce45a6328e9bd551!2m2!1d-84.4013462!2d42.245869!1m5!1m1!1s0x883ccd94fe56d5e9:0x4cdc35f9fb05974f!2m2!1d-84.0205029!2d42.3180919!1m5!1m1!1s0x88232be2d26b506f:0x6da0248900121f!2m2!1d-84.1805146!2d42.4511466!1m5!1m1!1s0x882335ec2d941ba5:0xa2c75a3cfb4e03b1!2m2!1d-83.9463358!2d42.4567013!2m1!6e4>
By going into the URL, and manually adding more destinations (here, I just added a comma, + State abbrev / City name like this )
<https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Bridgewater+Pet+Boarding,+7596+Austin+Rd,+Saline,+MI+48176/Saline,+MI/Milan,+MI/Britton,+MI/Tecumseh,+MI/Decker+%26+Sons+Insurance+Inc,+265+S+Main+St,+Onsted,+MI+49265/Jackson,+MI/Chelsea,+MI/Stockbridge,+MI/Pinckney>**,+MI/Dexter,+MI/Ypsilanti,+MI/Monroe,+MI/Adrian,+MI/Hillsdale,+MI/Albion,+MI/Marshall,+MI/Charlotte**,+MI/@42.2699797,-84.0432186,9z/am=t/data=!4m110!4m109!1m5!1m1!1s0x883cb93059245a13:0xb18965ef7d27ed2e!2m2!1d-83.876656!2d42.160273!1m5!1m1!1s0x883cbacfff5b8a61:0xb76c9793c1fef3cd!2m2!1d-83.7816075!2d42.1667072!1m5!1m1!1s0x883ca1b0a6c765c1:0xc0b6d49db60eabe5!2m2!1d-83.6824384!2d42.0853204!1m5!1m1!1s0x883c914c71b582a7:0x666f59bb1d0657bb!2m2!1d-83.8310513!2d41.9867114!1m5!1m1!1s0x883c94c6800b5fd5:0x990fd176e2cc9ed7!2m2!1d-83.9449417!2d42.0039331!1m5!1m1!1s0x883ce3f9a3dbd17f:0x3ecb62ea861aa8ff!2m2!1d-84.189328!2d42.00273!1m5!1m1!1s0x883d25593e337b6b:0xce45a6328e9bd551!2m2!1d-84.4013462!2d42.245869!1m5!1m1!1s0x883ccd94fe56d5e9:0x4cdc35f9fb05974f!2m2!1d-84.0205029!2d42.3180919!1m5!1m1!1s0x88232be2d26b506f:0x6da0248900121f!2m2!1d-84.1805146!2d42.4511466!1m5!1m1!1s0x882335ec2d941ba5:0xa2c75a3cfb4e03b1!2m2!1d-83.9463358!2d42.4567013!1m5!1m1!1s0x883cb4461addaadd:0x7720b2384ae38d6b!2m2!1d-83.8885552!2d42.3383697!1m5!1m1!1s0x883ca86dd9b8faad:0xf9c6f7405f4a3451!2m2!1d-83.6129939!2d42.2411499!1m5!1m1!1s0x883b6fa6b2cc2bcd:0x1aff3b8ff9f0d231!2m2!1d-83.3977101!2d41.9164343!1m5!1m1!1s0x883cf1979399bb57:0xd146d433cdecd56c!2m2!1d-84.0371659!2d41.8975471!1m5!1m1!1s0x883d72e59fdc700b:0x7b2bb9a774645d37!2m2!1d-84.6305101!2d41.9200472!1m5!1m1!1s0x883d451b39295621:0xdfbec60a4a2a6007!2m2!1d-84.7530304!2d42.243097!1m5!1m1!1s0x8817e2977eec1989:0x47494b2e9d9f5659!2m2!1d-84.9633148!2d42.2722641!1m5!1m1!1s0x8822af0b087b30f9:0x13b42ed69ae241f1!2m2!1d-84.8358211!2d42.5636478!3e0
I was able to add quite a few more destinations...
Hope this helps. | Ten destination points is currently the maximum for multiple-destination driving directions. There is no premium option and currently no way to get around this limit. |
54,894 | Is there any way to add more than 10 locations to Google maps (by becoming a premium user or other paid services)? Or is a default for all users ? | 2014/01/23 | [
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com/questions/54894",
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com",
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com/users/57581/"
] | You are using the "better" version of Google Maps. It is possible to switch to [the old version](https://support.google.com/maps/answer/3045828?hl=en). Follow the link provided or search for
>
> Switch back to the classic version of Maps
>
>
>
You can also try an alternative solution such as:
* [OSRM](http://map.project-osrm.org/)
* [Open MapQuest](http://open.mapquest.com/)
* [Your Navigator](http://www.yournavigation.org/), or
* [Bing Maps](http://www.bing.com/maps). | Ten destination points is currently the maximum for multiple-destination driving directions. There is no premium option and currently no way to get around this limit. |
54,894 | Is there any way to add more than 10 locations to Google maps (by becoming a premium user or other paid services)? Or is a default for all users ? | 2014/01/23 | [
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com/questions/54894",
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com",
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com/users/57581/"
] | You may simply concatenate destinations in the URL.
For instance my original 10 destinations may be like this...
<https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Bridgewater+Pet+Boarding,+7596+Austin+Rd,+Saline,+MI+48176/Saline,+MI/Milan,+MI/Britton,+MI/Tecumseh,+MI/Decker+%26+Sons+Insurance+Inc,+265+S+Main+St,+Onsted,+MI+49265/Jackson,+MI/Chelsea,+MI/Stockbridge,+MI/Pinckney,+MI/@42.2695261,-84.0432186,10z/am=t/data=!3m1!4b1!4m63!4m62!1m5!1m1!1s0x883cb93059245a13:0xb18965ef7d27ed2e!2m2!1d-83.876656!2d42.160273!1m5!1m1!1s0x883cbacfff5b8a61:0xb76c9793c1fef3cd!2m2!1d-83.7816075!2d42.1667072!1m5!1m1!1s0x883ca1b0a6c765c1:0xc0b6d49db60eabe5!2m2!1d-83.6824384!2d42.0853204!1m5!1m1!1s0x883c914c71b582a7:0x666f59bb1d0657bb!2m2!1d-83.8310513!2d41.9867114!1m5!1m1!1s0x883c94c6800b5fd5:0x990fd176e2cc9ed7!2m2!1d-83.9449417!2d42.0039331!1m5!1m1!1s0x883ce3f9a3dbd17f:0x3ecb62ea861aa8ff!2m2!1d-84.189328!2d42.00273!1m5!1m1!1s0x883d25593e337b6b:0xce45a6328e9bd551!2m2!1d-84.4013462!2d42.245869!1m5!1m1!1s0x883ccd94fe56d5e9:0x4cdc35f9fb05974f!2m2!1d-84.0205029!2d42.3180919!1m5!1m1!1s0x88232be2d26b506f:0x6da0248900121f!2m2!1d-84.1805146!2d42.4511466!1m5!1m1!1s0x882335ec2d941ba5:0xa2c75a3cfb4e03b1!2m2!1d-83.9463358!2d42.4567013!2m1!6e4>
By going into the URL, and manually adding more destinations (here, I just added a comma, + State abbrev / City name like this )
<https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Bridgewater+Pet+Boarding,+7596+Austin+Rd,+Saline,+MI+48176/Saline,+MI/Milan,+MI/Britton,+MI/Tecumseh,+MI/Decker+%26+Sons+Insurance+Inc,+265+S+Main+St,+Onsted,+MI+49265/Jackson,+MI/Chelsea,+MI/Stockbridge,+MI/Pinckney>**,+MI/Dexter,+MI/Ypsilanti,+MI/Monroe,+MI/Adrian,+MI/Hillsdale,+MI/Albion,+MI/Marshall,+MI/Charlotte**,+MI/@42.2699797,-84.0432186,9z/am=t/data=!4m110!4m109!1m5!1m1!1s0x883cb93059245a13:0xb18965ef7d27ed2e!2m2!1d-83.876656!2d42.160273!1m5!1m1!1s0x883cbacfff5b8a61:0xb76c9793c1fef3cd!2m2!1d-83.7816075!2d42.1667072!1m5!1m1!1s0x883ca1b0a6c765c1:0xc0b6d49db60eabe5!2m2!1d-83.6824384!2d42.0853204!1m5!1m1!1s0x883c914c71b582a7:0x666f59bb1d0657bb!2m2!1d-83.8310513!2d41.9867114!1m5!1m1!1s0x883c94c6800b5fd5:0x990fd176e2cc9ed7!2m2!1d-83.9449417!2d42.0039331!1m5!1m1!1s0x883ce3f9a3dbd17f:0x3ecb62ea861aa8ff!2m2!1d-84.189328!2d42.00273!1m5!1m1!1s0x883d25593e337b6b:0xce45a6328e9bd551!2m2!1d-84.4013462!2d42.245869!1m5!1m1!1s0x883ccd94fe56d5e9:0x4cdc35f9fb05974f!2m2!1d-84.0205029!2d42.3180919!1m5!1m1!1s0x88232be2d26b506f:0x6da0248900121f!2m2!1d-84.1805146!2d42.4511466!1m5!1m1!1s0x882335ec2d941ba5:0xa2c75a3cfb4e03b1!2m2!1d-83.9463358!2d42.4567013!1m5!1m1!1s0x883cb4461addaadd:0x7720b2384ae38d6b!2m2!1d-83.8885552!2d42.3383697!1m5!1m1!1s0x883ca86dd9b8faad:0xf9c6f7405f4a3451!2m2!1d-83.6129939!2d42.2411499!1m5!1m1!1s0x883b6fa6b2cc2bcd:0x1aff3b8ff9f0d231!2m2!1d-83.3977101!2d41.9164343!1m5!1m1!1s0x883cf1979399bb57:0xd146d433cdecd56c!2m2!1d-84.0371659!2d41.8975471!1m5!1m1!1s0x883d72e59fdc700b:0x7b2bb9a774645d37!2m2!1d-84.6305101!2d41.9200472!1m5!1m1!1s0x883d451b39295621:0xdfbec60a4a2a6007!2m2!1d-84.7530304!2d42.243097!1m5!1m1!1s0x8817e2977eec1989:0x47494b2e9d9f5659!2m2!1d-84.9633148!2d42.2722641!1m5!1m1!1s0x8822af0b087b30f9:0x13b42ed69ae241f1!2m2!1d-84.8358211!2d42.5636478!3e0
I was able to add quite a few more destinations...
Hope this helps. | Yes, this is possible but only in the old Google maps. |
54,894 | Is there any way to add more than 10 locations to Google maps (by becoming a premium user or other paid services)? Or is a default for all users ? | 2014/01/23 | [
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com/questions/54894",
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com",
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com/users/57581/"
] | You are using the "better" version of Google Maps. It is possible to switch to [the old version](https://support.google.com/maps/answer/3045828?hl=en). Follow the link provided or search for
>
> Switch back to the classic version of Maps
>
>
>
You can also try an alternative solution such as:
* [OSRM](http://map.project-osrm.org/)
* [Open MapQuest](http://open.mapquest.com/)
* [Your Navigator](http://www.yournavigation.org/), or
* [Bing Maps](http://www.bing.com/maps). | Yes, this is possible but only in the old Google maps. |
54,894 | Is there any way to add more than 10 locations to Google maps (by becoming a premium user or other paid services)? Or is a default for all users ? | 2014/01/23 | [
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com/questions/54894",
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com",
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com/users/57581/"
] | You may simply concatenate destinations in the URL.
For instance my original 10 destinations may be like this...
<https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Bridgewater+Pet+Boarding,+7596+Austin+Rd,+Saline,+MI+48176/Saline,+MI/Milan,+MI/Britton,+MI/Tecumseh,+MI/Decker+%26+Sons+Insurance+Inc,+265+S+Main+St,+Onsted,+MI+49265/Jackson,+MI/Chelsea,+MI/Stockbridge,+MI/Pinckney,+MI/@42.2695261,-84.0432186,10z/am=t/data=!3m1!4b1!4m63!4m62!1m5!1m1!1s0x883cb93059245a13:0xb18965ef7d27ed2e!2m2!1d-83.876656!2d42.160273!1m5!1m1!1s0x883cbacfff5b8a61:0xb76c9793c1fef3cd!2m2!1d-83.7816075!2d42.1667072!1m5!1m1!1s0x883ca1b0a6c765c1:0xc0b6d49db60eabe5!2m2!1d-83.6824384!2d42.0853204!1m5!1m1!1s0x883c914c71b582a7:0x666f59bb1d0657bb!2m2!1d-83.8310513!2d41.9867114!1m5!1m1!1s0x883c94c6800b5fd5:0x990fd176e2cc9ed7!2m2!1d-83.9449417!2d42.0039331!1m5!1m1!1s0x883ce3f9a3dbd17f:0x3ecb62ea861aa8ff!2m2!1d-84.189328!2d42.00273!1m5!1m1!1s0x883d25593e337b6b:0xce45a6328e9bd551!2m2!1d-84.4013462!2d42.245869!1m5!1m1!1s0x883ccd94fe56d5e9:0x4cdc35f9fb05974f!2m2!1d-84.0205029!2d42.3180919!1m5!1m1!1s0x88232be2d26b506f:0x6da0248900121f!2m2!1d-84.1805146!2d42.4511466!1m5!1m1!1s0x882335ec2d941ba5:0xa2c75a3cfb4e03b1!2m2!1d-83.9463358!2d42.4567013!2m1!6e4>
By going into the URL, and manually adding more destinations (here, I just added a comma, + State abbrev / City name like this )
<https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Bridgewater+Pet+Boarding,+7596+Austin+Rd,+Saline,+MI+48176/Saline,+MI/Milan,+MI/Britton,+MI/Tecumseh,+MI/Decker+%26+Sons+Insurance+Inc,+265+S+Main+St,+Onsted,+MI+49265/Jackson,+MI/Chelsea,+MI/Stockbridge,+MI/Pinckney>**,+MI/Dexter,+MI/Ypsilanti,+MI/Monroe,+MI/Adrian,+MI/Hillsdale,+MI/Albion,+MI/Marshall,+MI/Charlotte**,+MI/@42.2699797,-84.0432186,9z/am=t/data=!4m110!4m109!1m5!1m1!1s0x883cb93059245a13:0xb18965ef7d27ed2e!2m2!1d-83.876656!2d42.160273!1m5!1m1!1s0x883cbacfff5b8a61:0xb76c9793c1fef3cd!2m2!1d-83.7816075!2d42.1667072!1m5!1m1!1s0x883ca1b0a6c765c1:0xc0b6d49db60eabe5!2m2!1d-83.6824384!2d42.0853204!1m5!1m1!1s0x883c914c71b582a7:0x666f59bb1d0657bb!2m2!1d-83.8310513!2d41.9867114!1m5!1m1!1s0x883c94c6800b5fd5:0x990fd176e2cc9ed7!2m2!1d-83.9449417!2d42.0039331!1m5!1m1!1s0x883ce3f9a3dbd17f:0x3ecb62ea861aa8ff!2m2!1d-84.189328!2d42.00273!1m5!1m1!1s0x883d25593e337b6b:0xce45a6328e9bd551!2m2!1d-84.4013462!2d42.245869!1m5!1m1!1s0x883ccd94fe56d5e9:0x4cdc35f9fb05974f!2m2!1d-84.0205029!2d42.3180919!1m5!1m1!1s0x88232be2d26b506f:0x6da0248900121f!2m2!1d-84.1805146!2d42.4511466!1m5!1m1!1s0x882335ec2d941ba5:0xa2c75a3cfb4e03b1!2m2!1d-83.9463358!2d42.4567013!1m5!1m1!1s0x883cb4461addaadd:0x7720b2384ae38d6b!2m2!1d-83.8885552!2d42.3383697!1m5!1m1!1s0x883ca86dd9b8faad:0xf9c6f7405f4a3451!2m2!1d-83.6129939!2d42.2411499!1m5!1m1!1s0x883b6fa6b2cc2bcd:0x1aff3b8ff9f0d231!2m2!1d-83.3977101!2d41.9164343!1m5!1m1!1s0x883cf1979399bb57:0xd146d433cdecd56c!2m2!1d-84.0371659!2d41.8975471!1m5!1m1!1s0x883d72e59fdc700b:0x7b2bb9a774645d37!2m2!1d-84.6305101!2d41.9200472!1m5!1m1!1s0x883d451b39295621:0xdfbec60a4a2a6007!2m2!1d-84.7530304!2d42.243097!1m5!1m1!1s0x8817e2977eec1989:0x47494b2e9d9f5659!2m2!1d-84.9633148!2d42.2722641!1m5!1m1!1s0x8822af0b087b30f9:0x13b42ed69ae241f1!2m2!1d-84.8358211!2d42.5636478!3e0
I was able to add quite a few more destinations...
Hope this helps. | You are using the "better" version of Google Maps. It is possible to switch to [the old version](https://support.google.com/maps/answer/3045828?hl=en). Follow the link provided or search for
>
> Switch back to the classic version of Maps
>
>
>
You can also try an alternative solution such as:
* [OSRM](http://map.project-osrm.org/)
* [Open MapQuest](http://open.mapquest.com/)
* [Your Navigator](http://www.yournavigation.org/), or
* [Bing Maps](http://www.bing.com/maps). |
21,545,468 | I want to know the different techniques that are used for performing arithmetic operations on very large integers in C. One that I know of is using string to hold a number and define operations add, subtract etc. for it. I am not interested in using libraries, this question is purely for knowledge. Please suggest any other such methods/techniques used. | 2014/02/04 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/21545468",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/2136312/"
] | You can go as low level as representing your integers as an array of bytes, and do all the operations (like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division or comparison) just like a CPU does them, at word level.
The simplest algorithms are for addition and subtraction, where you simply add or subtract the digits in sequence, carrying as necessary.
Negative numbers can be represented in 2's complement.
For comparison, you just compare the high order digits until a difference is found.
For multiplication the most straightforward algorithm (and slowest) you can implement is repeated addition.
For division, things are a little more complicated than multiplication, see: <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Division_algorithm>
A common application for this is public-key cryptography, whose algorithms commonly employ arithmetic with integers having hundreds of digits.
Check the OpenSSL BIGNUM documentation for this: <https://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/bn.html> | You could use 3 linked lists, one for number A, one for number B and one for the result.
You would then read each digit as a character input from the user, make it an integer and and save it to a new node in the list, corresponding to the number you read at the moment.
And Finally you would just write as functions the operations for adding,subtracting etc.
In each you would follow their respective algorithm you learned at school, starting from the LSB node, going up to the MSB node, always keeping at mind the base powers of each number(1 node \* 10^0, 2 node \* 10^1, 3 node \* 10^2, ...,n node \* 10^n ). |
98,062 | I am trying to create a virtual 3D chat room based on character interaction (just like in Sims2), so I have added a collider on the "user's in-game character". The problem is that when I enable the box collider, the character movement looks like it's freaking out (the character is seen as if it is moving fast from left to right & the movement is not smooth).
When I remove the box collider, the player moves smooth and no other fake-movement can be seen. What is the problem??
Thank you | 2015/04/08 | [
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com/questions/98062",
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com",
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com/users/63771/"
] | One method you could use is to subdivide the line into segments and do a vector dot product between each vector that represents the segment and a vector representing a straight line between the first and last point. This has the benefit of letting you find extremely "spiky" segments easily.
Edit:
Also, I would consider using the length of the segment in addition to the dot product. A very short but orthogonal vector should count less than a long one that has less of a deviation. | Somehow referring to MSalters Answer, here is some more specific information.
Use the least squares method to fit a line for your points. You are basically looking for a function y=f(x) which fits best. Once you have it you can use the actual y values to sum the square of differences:
s = sum over ( (y-f(x))^2 )
The smaller the sum, the straighter the line.
How to get the best approximation, is explained here:
<http://math.mit.edu/~gs/linearalgebra/ila0403.pdf>
Just read from "Fitting a straight line". Note that t is used instead of x and b instead of y. C and D is to be determined as approximation, then you have f(x) = C + Dx
Additional Note: Obviously, you also have to take the length of the line into account. Every line consisting of 2 Points will be perfect. I do not know the exact context, but I guess I would use the sum of squares divided by the number of points as rating. Also I would add the requirement of a minimal length, minimal number of points. (Maybe about 75% of the maximun length) |
74,407 | I've posted a problem twice, asking for help, and I've yet to have anyone respond? What gives? | 2011/01/09 | [
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/74407",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | As @Saladin says in his comment, patience is a virtue, and getting a problem solved on SO for free is still a privilege, not a right. If you want guaranteed answers, hire somebody.
Also, the two questions you complain about are *way* too broad, and reek of "please debug my incredibly complex jQuery animation thingadongdong, that I copy&pasted from somewhere else, for me". It's little wonder nobody feels a calling to sort these out for you.
Try to split up the question in isolated steps that don't work, and can be illustrated with a small block of code, and put in one clear question each. Those are very likely to get answered much more readily and quickly.
Also, timing is surely also an issue. Weekends are relatively slow on SO. Chances of getting an answer will be best again Monday morning in the U.S. time zones. (A good question will however find an answer regardless whether it's a weekend or not.) | Seriously?
Have you ever thought about the possibility that no one that saw your question was able to answer it? Have you thought about "not posting the same question twice"? (It often stops people from helping spammers). Take a look at your accept rate.. 39% isn't very encouraging to take a serious look into your question. And the quality of your posts as Pekka already mentioned.
Btw I have two unanswered questions, too. Maybe I start a bounty, you can do the same! |
74,407 | I've posted a problem twice, asking for help, and I've yet to have anyone respond? What gives? | 2011/01/09 | [
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/74407",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | As @Saladin says in his comment, patience is a virtue, and getting a problem solved on SO for free is still a privilege, not a right. If you want guaranteed answers, hire somebody.
Also, the two questions you complain about are *way* too broad, and reek of "please debug my incredibly complex jQuery animation thingadongdong, that I copy&pasted from somewhere else, for me". It's little wonder nobody feels a calling to sort these out for you.
Try to split up the question in isolated steps that don't work, and can be illustrated with a small block of code, and put in one clear question each. Those are very likely to get answered much more readily and quickly.
Also, timing is surely also an issue. Weekends are relatively slow on SO. Chances of getting an answer will be best again Monday morning in the U.S. time zones. (A good question will however find an answer regardless whether it's a weekend or not.) | **None.**
Impossibility indicates 0% probability. Each time a question gets a view, there is a chance that it will be answered. There are no questions that go over two hours without getting a view. Every view gives the possibility of an answer, views are virtually guaranteed for any question. Therefore, there is no time that it is impossible to get an answer. There is nothing that gives. |
6,225 | I'm thinking about replacing an iPhone with Android device, but before I do that I'd like to know which versions of Android support multiple Exchange accounts? Are all main features (Mail/Calendar/Contacts) supported when several accounts are set up? | 2011/02/21 | [
"https://android.stackexchange.com/questions/6225",
"https://android.stackexchange.com",
"https://android.stackexchange.com/users/3046/"
] | From Android 2.0 Exchange support was added and this included multiple exchange accounts.
<http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.0-highlights.html>
The highlights there mention "Handset manufacturers can choose whether to include Exchange support in their devices." But all the the higher end devises (Galaxy S, Nexus One, HTC Desire etc) will most certainly support it. | Yes, at least on 2.1+. I do have the Samung TouchWiz UI though, and the email app is subtly different. I would expect it to be the same in this regard however. Note that the Email app is terrible, though, and may not otherwise behave how you want. I recommend a third-party app or forwarding your email to Gmail. |
1,335 | In John 3:5, Jesus says that we must be "born of water and the Spirit".
>
> Jesus answered, “Truly, truly, I say to you, unless one is **born of water and the Spirit** he cannot enter into the kingdom of God. [John 3:5 (NASB)](http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John%203:5&version=NASB)
>
>
>
In English, it is ambiguous as to whether this refers to one birth (of water and Spirit), or two births (one of water, and the other of Spirit). What I would like to know is, *in the original Greek*, is it more clear whether Jesus is referring to separate births, or a single one?
I realize that this is a near duplicate of [What does it mean to be “born of water”?](https://hermeneutics.stackexchange.com/q/133/474), but I am specifically interested in the ambiguity of this phrase in the original Greek, and not the various interpretations of this passage.
I'm looking for an answer that analyses the Greek, and concludes whether this phrase is ambiguous in Greek also, or tends toward either a single or separate births. | 2012/03/14 | [
"https://hermeneutics.stackexchange.com/questions/1335",
"https://hermeneutics.stackexchange.com",
"https://hermeneutics.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | >
> ἀπεκρίθη Ἰησοῦς Ἀμὴν ἀμὴν λέγω σοι ἐὰν μή τις γεννηθῇ ἐξ *ὕδατος*
> **καὶ** *πνεύματος* οὐ δύναται εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ θεοῦ
>
>
>
It honestly requires some interpretation which means that, ultimately theology will come into play as one selects a translation.
It could be a [hendiadys](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hendiadys) ("one through two") which expresses one concept through two terms, and many interpreters understand it as such.
There are some who perceive them as separate concepts, though.
Both nouns are [anarthrous](http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/anarthrous) in the Greek, and are impersonal so GS ([Granville-Sharpe's rule](http://books.google.com/books?id=XlqoTVsk2wcC&lpg=PP1&dq=greek%20grammar%20wallace%20granville&pg=PA270#v=onepage&q&f=false)) does not apply. | The Greek for the passage in question goes like so:
>
> [John 3:5](http://esv.to/John3.5)
>
> γεννηθη εξ υδατος και πνευματος
>
> born of water and spirit
>
>
>
The grammatical construct used in 3:5 is fairly rare in Johannine literature. Below are probably the best parallels (but also see John 1:14 and 2 John 3):
>
> [John 4:23](http://esv.to/John4.23)
>
> προσκυνησουσιν τω πατρι εν πνευματι και αληθεια
>
> worship the Father in spirit and truth
>
>
> [John 20:17](http://esv.to/John20.17)
>
> αναβαινω προς τον πατερα μου και πατερα υμων
>
> ascending to my Father and your Father
>
>
> [1 John 5:6](http://esv.to/1John5.6)
>
> ελθων δι υδατος και αιματος
>
> come by water and blood
>
>
>
Each of these cases follows the pattern of verb-prep-noun-kai-noun. And in each instance we have here it seems best to understand a singular action described in two modes. Jesus isn't saying in 4:23 that worshipers must worship the Father in spirit and then come back later and worship him in truth. Likewise, Jesus isn't ascending in 20:17 to his own Father and then later ascending to Peter's father. And again, in 1 John 5:6, John, whatever he means, probably he does not mean that Jesus came once by water and then he came again by blood. Instead, there were two aspects of his one coming.
However, you can see from 20:17 that the Greek grammar allows for an ambiguity. We easily understand this to mean a single ascension because Jesus' Father and the disciples' Father are one and the same. But if they were two different fathers and they were not in the same place, the same grammar could be used to convey two different ascensions. The context controls our interpretation, as it should in John 3:5 as well. |
1,335 | In John 3:5, Jesus says that we must be "born of water and the Spirit".
>
> Jesus answered, “Truly, truly, I say to you, unless one is **born of water and the Spirit** he cannot enter into the kingdom of God. [John 3:5 (NASB)](http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John%203:5&version=NASB)
>
>
>
In English, it is ambiguous as to whether this refers to one birth (of water and Spirit), or two births (one of water, and the other of Spirit). What I would like to know is, *in the original Greek*, is it more clear whether Jesus is referring to separate births, or a single one?
I realize that this is a near duplicate of [What does it mean to be “born of water”?](https://hermeneutics.stackexchange.com/q/133/474), but I am specifically interested in the ambiguity of this phrase in the original Greek, and not the various interpretations of this passage.
I'm looking for an answer that analyses the Greek, and concludes whether this phrase is ambiguous in Greek also, or tends toward either a single or separate births. | 2012/03/14 | [
"https://hermeneutics.stackexchange.com/questions/1335",
"https://hermeneutics.stackexchange.com",
"https://hermeneutics.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | >
> ἀπεκρίθη Ἰησοῦς Ἀμὴν ἀμὴν λέγω σοι ἐὰν μή τις γεννηθῇ ἐξ *ὕδατος*
> **καὶ** *πνεύματος* οὐ δύναται εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ θεοῦ
>
>
>
It honestly requires some interpretation which means that, ultimately theology will come into play as one selects a translation.
It could be a [hendiadys](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hendiadys) ("one through two") which expresses one concept through two terms, and many interpreters understand it as such.
There are some who perceive them as separate concepts, though.
Both nouns are [anarthrous](http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/anarthrous) in the Greek, and are impersonal so GS ([Granville-Sharpe's rule](http://books.google.com/books?id=XlqoTVsk2wcC&lpg=PP1&dq=greek%20grammar%20wallace%20granville&pg=PA270#v=onepage&q&f=false)) does not apply. | This answer agrees with Soldarnal's, but I think this is an even stronger argument. The context of the whole discussion is that he is talking about regeneration; he is telling Nicodemus that even though he knows the Scriptures inside and out, he has to have a radical supernatural change before he will understand. Too often verses in this passage are interpreted in isolation (verse 16, for example, is talking about regeneration rather than justification). *Born of water* refers to the cleansing aspect of the rebirth (referencing the Jewish cleansing ceremonies); *born of Spirit* refers to the agent who brings about the rebirth. Thus, it is indeed a parallelism, and a **hendiadys**; the referent of "born" is the same in both cases, though their qualifiers add information. |
5,477,031 | I am trying to develop a online software with PHP/MySQL. I need a good **login class/script**. I am gonna adapt it to my software.
By the way, I found **http://usercake.com/**.
What do you know about that? | 2011/03/29 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/5477031",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/272478/"
] | I'm not sure if it is what you looking for but have a look at phpMyAdmin.
It is a tool for mySql to manage databases, table, user, and data of a mySql installation.
It is a php written webfrontend.
<http://www.phpmyadmin.net/home_page/index.php> | This may be overkill for your needs, but we use [DbVisualizer](http://www.dbvis.com/) to manipulate our databases. |
5,477,031 | I am trying to develop a online software with PHP/MySQL. I need a good **login class/script**. I am gonna adapt it to my software.
By the way, I found **http://usercake.com/**.
What do you know about that? | 2011/03/29 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/5477031",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/272478/"
] | I'm not sure if it is what you looking for but have a look at phpMyAdmin.
It is a tool for mySql to manage databases, table, user, and data of a mySql installation.
It is a php written webfrontend.
<http://www.phpmyadmin.net/home_page/index.php> | I have made a tutorial that shows you how to install phpMyAdmin on your server. The designer mode makes it simple to manage your database and it runs in your browser. This tutorial shows you how <http://havenofcode.com/tutorial.php?tut=9>. |
10,706 | I've just seen a question regarding sound conform for films, but it mostly seems to relate to people who have the budget for fancy software, and who are dealing with editors nice enough to provide fancy things like EDLs!
I'm still pretty new to the field but I've done quite a few short films now and directors seem to be constantly changing the "final cut". I use Nuendo, and I have been manually re-syncing the sound edit to each new "final cut" of the film. This is a very lengthy process, especially as they never tell me the list of edits that have been made. I was wondering if there was an easier way to do this for low-budget shorts where the team is tiny and things like a nice list of the cuts and changes to the edits are unheard of?
As a bit of an example, here's a recent situation:
I recently did the sound edit for a 30min film, and the director gave me 4 different cuts a couple of weeks ago (Directors Cut, Rights Free Cut, Festival Cut, Shorter Cut) and I hurridly did my best to sync everything back up as neatly as possible.
The original sync was fine, but he's concerned the dialogue might be slightly out of sync in a couple of places now. In all honesty it might well be slightly off by now, because everything has been shifted and tweaked at least 15 times... Every cut has apparently been "final", so I've had to conform it 15 times, and each time I've been manually syncing dialogue back to picture. It's also an unpaid gig. If I've learnt anything from unpaid work, it's that it is about 10,000 times more work than anything I've been paid to do.
Essentially what I'm asking is: Was there anything I could have done to prevent sync issues whilst they were recutting the film, or is it just a pain in the arse that we have to grin and bear for low-budget productions? | 2011/10/05 | [
"https://sound.stackexchange.com/questions/10706",
"https://sound.stackexchange.com",
"https://sound.stackexchange.com/users/1106/"
] | First off, the director doesn't know what he/she is doing if they're providing you 4 "final" edits. The most any director should provide is 2 (i.e. festival/feature cut and television/broadcast cut), and those are never simultaneous. In my experience, one is always completed and output before the other.
You've also been exposed to the oxymoronic term "final"...nothing ever is until it's actually due.
The big thing that could have affected your workflow is an EDL. Whatever they cut on should be able to output an EDL...unless they're using something like iMovie. Even software designed to deal with issues like this (Conformalizer, Virtual Katy, etc.) require EDLs to work their magic. Doing it by hand is a time consuming process. That's why those pieces of software were created. At least with an EDL for each version that you're conforming between, you can more accurately identify what changes were made (note that I didn't say "easily" there).
One possible EDL-less approach would have been to use omf's for each respective version. You can load the revised omf into your existing session and use that as your conforming reference, moving your existing audio to match the new cuts. At least then you have waveform reference and can get closer to sample resolution matching. | Definitely don't grin and bear it. I think this is where managing clients' expectations comes in. The client needs to understand that reconforming takes up your time, especially when they don't even want to provide an edit change list! If it's an unpaid gig, it might be an idea to tell them that they can only submit one cut to you for work, and can't change the picture afterwards. If there is some pay, make sure they understand that reconforms will cost extra.
If you do end up reconforming (because you like the client, or they're willing to pay you) and you don't want to fork out for Virtual Katy or something, i have a quick and dirty method. Get them to lay the last mix you gave them under the picture, and make all their cut changes to your mix as they go. That way, when they give you an omf of the track that had your mix, you'll see all the cut points.
Shaun's idea sounds good too, i might try that next time. Also, EDLs do help a lot; but for shorts where there aren't that many cut changes, i find the method i mentioned above to be quick and reliable enough.
My sympathy goes out to you for that gig! Only 4 versions though? They didn't want a "For my parents" cut? Or a "director's girlfriend's cut"? |
10,706 | I've just seen a question regarding sound conform for films, but it mostly seems to relate to people who have the budget for fancy software, and who are dealing with editors nice enough to provide fancy things like EDLs!
I'm still pretty new to the field but I've done quite a few short films now and directors seem to be constantly changing the "final cut". I use Nuendo, and I have been manually re-syncing the sound edit to each new "final cut" of the film. This is a very lengthy process, especially as they never tell me the list of edits that have been made. I was wondering if there was an easier way to do this for low-budget shorts where the team is tiny and things like a nice list of the cuts and changes to the edits are unheard of?
As a bit of an example, here's a recent situation:
I recently did the sound edit for a 30min film, and the director gave me 4 different cuts a couple of weeks ago (Directors Cut, Rights Free Cut, Festival Cut, Shorter Cut) and I hurridly did my best to sync everything back up as neatly as possible.
The original sync was fine, but he's concerned the dialogue might be slightly out of sync in a couple of places now. In all honesty it might well be slightly off by now, because everything has been shifted and tweaked at least 15 times... Every cut has apparently been "final", so I've had to conform it 15 times, and each time I've been manually syncing dialogue back to picture. It's also an unpaid gig. If I've learnt anything from unpaid work, it's that it is about 10,000 times more work than anything I've been paid to do.
Essentially what I'm asking is: Was there anything I could have done to prevent sync issues whilst they were recutting the film, or is it just a pain in the arse that we have to grin and bear for low-budget productions? | 2011/10/05 | [
"https://sound.stackexchange.com/questions/10706",
"https://sound.stackexchange.com",
"https://sound.stackexchange.com/users/1106/"
] | First off, the director doesn't know what he/she is doing if they're providing you 4 "final" edits. The most any director should provide is 2 (i.e. festival/feature cut and television/broadcast cut), and those are never simultaneous. In my experience, one is always completed and output before the other.
You've also been exposed to the oxymoronic term "final"...nothing ever is until it's actually due.
The big thing that could have affected your workflow is an EDL. Whatever they cut on should be able to output an EDL...unless they're using something like iMovie. Even software designed to deal with issues like this (Conformalizer, Virtual Katy, etc.) require EDLs to work their magic. Doing it by hand is a time consuming process. That's why those pieces of software were created. At least with an EDL for each version that you're conforming between, you can more accurately identify what changes were made (note that I didn't say "easily" there).
One possible EDL-less approach would have been to use omf's for each respective version. You can load the revised omf into your existing session and use that as your conforming reference, moving your existing audio to match the new cuts. At least then you have waveform reference and can get closer to sample resolution matching. | On a side-note to Shaun's post, if you're using Nuendo and cannot go the EDL route, there is a very useful alignment tool which will align any region to another. If you get the omf for the new cut, manually re-syncing becomes much, much easier. As Shaun said, you can load the new omf into your existing session and re-align the regions.
To re-align, highlight the region that is in the correct position, then hover the mouse over the region that you want to move and "command" + click (mac)/ "ctrl" + click (PC). The region you want to move will automatically align with the region that was selected. This is also a really useful trick when building sound effects with multiple sounds. |
355,864 | So, I'm writing a paper on the rise of communism in China. At one point I write the following:
>
> "Today, it is well known that communism is responsible for more deaths than even national socialism."
>
>
>
Then, Word corrects it by capitalizing "*National Socialism.*"
Is it always meant to be capitalized? I am simply referencing the ideology, not necessarily the Third Reich. Word didn't bother to correct "communism." I suppose since there was only one instance of Nazism (on a national scale at least) it could be considered a proper noun. | 2016/10/28 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/355864",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/203310/"
] | Hmm, I wouldn't normally capitalize it. We don't capitalize names of political ideologies in general. We write "Political ideologies we will discuss in this chapter include capitalism, communism, socialism, national socialism, democracy, dictatorship, and aristocracy." Not "... Capitalism, Communism, Socialism, National Socialism ..." etc.
Of course if you were specifically talking about the Nazi Party, you would write "the National Socialist Party". Just like if I was specifically talking about the Democrat Party, I'd capitalize like I just did there, but if I was talking about the idea of democracy in general, I would not capitalize.
Perhaps Word's autocorrect is assuming you are referring to the party and leaving off the word "party". Like you could say, "My friend Heinrich joined the National Socialists", meaning he joined the specific party, and not the ideological movement in general.
I suppose "national socialism" is rather specific to Nazi Germany and maybe some of its allies. (I don't know anyone today who calls themselves by that name. I think it would be an accurate description of the position of many 21st century Americans in the sense that they agree with the policies that gave national socialism its name, but as they would differ rather strongly on policies like setting up concentration camps, they don't tend to call themselves by a name that brings the Nazis to mind.) But that doesn't make it a proper noun that should be capitalized. Like, Canada is the only country that is north of the United States. But we don't therefore say that "The Country North of the United States" should be capitalized -- like so. It's still a description, not a proper name. | I believe that if you are talking about it as a political ideology that it would be perfectly in order for it not to be capitalised - ***national socialism***. Similarly one would speak about ***communism*** or ***conservatism***. After all a political ideology is merely an abstract noun in the same way that an academic discipline e.g. physics, literature, biology etc. are abstract nouns. They are not proper nouns.
But if one were speaking about a specific party which bore the name of one of them, then the word becomes part of a proper noun - it would be the ***National Socialist Party***, the ***Communist Party***, the ***Conservative Party***.
I would probably also write *the National Socialist Government*, \*Conservative Government etc. since the government, in each case, is defined by the political party, whose members occupy the government. |
2,746,289 | I am building a web application, in Java, where i want the whole screenshot of the webpage, if i give the URL of the webpage as input.
The basic idea i have is to capture the display buffer of the rendering component..I have no idea of how to do it..
plz help.. | 2010/04/30 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2746289",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/329943/"
] | Have you looked into using [Less CSS](http://lesscss.org/) or [SASS](http://sass-lang.com/)? | There's no native CSS way, but you could use something like [LESS](http://lesscss.org/) which will allow you to write it like that and compile it into real CSS.
There's [HSS](http://ncannasse.fr/projects/hss) too, which also supports nested rules like the ones you specified. |
14,329 | Whats the best way to present a list form to users? We are just starting to convert some of our dead-tree documents into SharePoint forms and workflows. What is the best way to present these forms without making users click *Add New Form*? Many people who have no SharePoint experience do no realize the little link under a list will get them their form. I want to present this so it is easily understood and so that we do not have to train everyone. | 2011/06/10 | [
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/questions/14329",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/users/2470/"
] | Some things I've done in the past are:
* Making a link list dedicated as the central new form list, one click access to enter any form
* Created several buttons that link to the new forms
* In some custom dashboards, I've used jQuery and Lytebox techniques to open forms in modal windows (in Sharepoint 2007) | InfoPath forms are pretty powerful, and can be used for stand-alone forms published to form libraries, or customized as list view forms. If you don't want to depend on InfoPath, you can always customize list views with SharePoint Designer, the out of box WebParts like the XsltListViewWebPart and some custom XSLT, or you can get creative with JavaScript or Silverlight.
I generally prefer InfoPath, but it does require Server edition (not available on Foundation). |
472,525 | I am having a tough time wrapping my head around this question.
I am well aware of the benefits of using a twisted pair for signal wires: the cancellation of common mode noise coupled onto the wires, and the cancellation of radiated noise from the loops when there are changing currents through the wires.
Now, we have a power supply with a fast rise time and long cables. This is causing concern about generating a voltage spike at the load from the wire's inductance and the load capacitance.
Someone recommended we twist the power supply cables to help with this... does this actually help? Thank you! | 2019/12/19 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/472525",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/238547/"
] | I assume you want the fast rise time to appear at the load on the end of the long cables. Or you have a high di/dt load and you want to minimize the voltage dip at the load. In that case twisting the cables may help. The magnetic fields of close conductors carrying opposite currents will tend to cancel, reducing the inductance associated with the cabling.
The bigger the loop area between the two conductors the higher the inductance. And since V=L\*di/dt for a fast di/dt you want a small value of L (large V/L). | Cable impedance depends on the sq.rt. of L/C ratio while C depends on gap between conductors and increases about 1pF per twist. But Inductance increases at a lower rate so impedance only drops 50% or so unless they were very loose to begin with.
If the load has any capacitance then the step voltage load impedance becomes the very low ESR of the caps. The relatively high twisted cable impedance differences have no effect on the terminal voltage rise but the radiated current B field in A/m due to A/us rise time affects the radiated noise if that is of any concern.
Cable inductance per meter is the more significant for effect of ramped current rise, which is typically 1uH/m and dI/dt=V/L |
887,402 | My brother thought it would be cute if he locked me out of my local account on windows 8.1 with a new password, and yet when the joke ran out he realized he had forgotten what he changed my password to. I can't seem to access the system restore menu during startup (tried pressing f12 multiple times with no result). I do have a windows 8.1 installation disc with its activation key but I can't run it unless I log in it seems (which I can't do). Help! | 2015/03/09 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/887402",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/426283/"
] | I do it manually:
cmd as administrator - dir c:\ /s >files-before.txt
regedit - file - export - all - registry-before.txt
install,
make files/registry-after.txt
and check differences in kdiff3 | Try looking at [System Explorer](http://systemexplorer.net/).
You can create a system snapshot, install your software, then take another snapshot and compare the two.
You can also save as a text file. |
887,402 | My brother thought it would be cute if he locked me out of my local account on windows 8.1 with a new password, and yet when the joke ran out he realized he had forgotten what he changed my password to. I can't seem to access the system restore menu during startup (tried pressing f12 multiple times with no result). I do have a windows 8.1 installation disc with its activation key but I can't run it unless I log in it seems (which I can't do). Help! | 2015/03/09 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/887402",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/426283/"
] | Try looking at [System Explorer](http://systemexplorer.net/).
You can create a system snapshot, install your software, then take another snapshot and compare the two.
You can also save as a text file. | I use [Total Uninstall](https://www.martau.com/). It's not free, but if you run it before you install a program and then again afterwards or use it to start the installation program, then it will generate a report showing all of the registry and file changes that have been made to the system during the installation of a program. It can export a text file listing those changes. It can also be [used to transfer programs from one computer to another](https://www.martau.com/document/transfer-programs-to-new-pc.php). |
887,402 | My brother thought it would be cute if he locked me out of my local account on windows 8.1 with a new password, and yet when the joke ran out he realized he had forgotten what he changed my password to. I can't seem to access the system restore menu during startup (tried pressing f12 multiple times with no result). I do have a windows 8.1 installation disc with its activation key but I can't run it unless I log in it seems (which I can't do). Help! | 2015/03/09 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/887402",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/426283/"
] | I do it manually:
cmd as administrator - dir c:\ /s >files-before.txt
regedit - file - export - all - registry-before.txt
install,
make files/registry-after.txt
and check differences in kdiff3 | I use [Total Uninstall](https://www.martau.com/). It's not free, but if you run it before you install a program and then again afterwards or use it to start the installation program, then it will generate a report showing all of the registry and file changes that have been made to the system during the installation of a program. It can export a text file listing those changes. It can also be [used to transfer programs from one computer to another](https://www.martau.com/document/transfer-programs-to-new-pc.php). |
3,596,281 | What is the best way to make password/logon screen? Iread somewhere that it is better to use a popup control. If so where exactly do I need to create it, in App.xaml? | 2010/08/29 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3596281",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/188862/"
] | There are number of things you need to consider while implementing a login screen for your Windows Phone 7 application. [Here is a sample](http://babaandthepigman.spaces.live.com/blog/cns!4F1B7368284539E5!220.entry) that can give you an idea of how to get started, if you haven't. One of the important aspects of a login screen is its appearance on the "back stack" - the list that grows while you are within your application, each item in this list is accessible through the "back" button. Ideally, you wouldn't want the user to press the back button and view the login screen. In other words, the login screen should never be in the "back stack". Therefore, it is probably best to implement the login screen as popup, see [Peter Torr's post](http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ptorr/archive/2010/08/01/exiting-a-windows-phone-application.aspx) discussing this.
[Peter Torr published an article on "Places"](http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ptorr/archive/2010/08/28/introducing-the-concept-of-places.aspx) which could help you design your application with the login screen. | Regarding implementation of a popup, I posted a simple example in the Answer linked below which you can check out. In this case it implements a context menu.. you can populate the popup with whichever contents make sense for your login screen.
<http://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/windowsphone7series/thread/e6d2a444-91d9-4d69-937e-689b24c36c09>
I recommend reading the two links Indyfromoz has hooked you up with for how to handle a login screen wrt the navigation service. This are the most relevant and the current posts on the topic of handling login screens and the like wrt the navigation service. |
3,119 | I haven't used project gamification so asking from a newby perspective.
I am interested in understanding how you manage and sustain this process **over time**:
* how do you measure the success and benefits of gamification throughout the project?
* is it common to have a surge of interest at the beginning and then see the enthusiasm drop? if so, how do you keep the momentum going (e.g. do you update or introduce new rewards on a regular basis)?
* most theories of motivation widely recognize that intrinsic rewards outweigh extrinsic ones, especially over time. How do you use gamification to keep people motivated long-term? | 2011/08/15 | [
"https://pm.stackexchange.com/questions/3119",
"https://pm.stackexchange.com",
"https://pm.stackexchange.com/users/1722/"
] | I think only you know the answer to that based on your team make up and dynamics. I am loathe to introduce any practice that I'm not prepared to sustain. It makes introducing future practices (ones that I **am** prepared to practice long term) that much harder as teams have long memories.
You also have to be careful about how you approach it. To some people this stuff if gimmickry, and an insult to their intelligence. Others find it fun and behave accordingly. I guess that goes back to the first point -- know your team and think about their likely reactions. | If you say you measure gamification...what kind of gamification did you try?
I try find also some answers in this area: [Gamification and Daily Scrum - anybody ever tried sth like this?](https://pm.stackexchange.com/questions/13991/gamification-and-daily-scrum-anybody-ever-tried-sth-like-this).
Regarding measurement...if think doing anomynous surveys asking the team members about their opinion would be a way to find out... |
3,119 | I haven't used project gamification so asking from a newby perspective.
I am interested in understanding how you manage and sustain this process **over time**:
* how do you measure the success and benefits of gamification throughout the project?
* is it common to have a surge of interest at the beginning and then see the enthusiasm drop? if so, how do you keep the momentum going (e.g. do you update or introduce new rewards on a regular basis)?
* most theories of motivation widely recognize that intrinsic rewards outweigh extrinsic ones, especially over time. How do you use gamification to keep people motivated long-term? | 2011/08/15 | [
"https://pm.stackexchange.com/questions/3119",
"https://pm.stackexchange.com",
"https://pm.stackexchange.com/users/1722/"
] | We have some projects using [GetBadges](http://getbadg.es) for more than a year (disclaimer: I'm co-founder of GetBadges).
The trick is to moderate your game accordingly and introduce some twist over time. If you base your gamification on human interactions and behaviours instead of 'game mechanics' like leaderboards and points it will be fresh for much longer.
It's also common for some 'players' to drop after the initial enthusiasm, but the ones that remain will get a big boost to productivity over a long time. | If you say you measure gamification...what kind of gamification did you try?
I try find also some answers in this area: [Gamification and Daily Scrum - anybody ever tried sth like this?](https://pm.stackexchange.com/questions/13991/gamification-and-daily-scrum-anybody-ever-tried-sth-like-this).
Regarding measurement...if think doing anomynous surveys asking the team members about their opinion would be a way to find out... |
94,884 | I have a 2x4 that is 86 inches long which needs to be cut so that one end is 2 inches and the opposite end 1.75 inches. How do I figure the angle of the cut? Could you please give me the step by step process of figuring this? To tell me to subtract one side from another and apply the law of sines to the result will not help since I have no idea how to do this.
Thanks | 2016/07/22 | [
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/94884",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/56720/"
] | If I understand correctly, you have a triangle with one side of 2" and another side of 1.75".
The first thing you want to do is find the hypotenuse. Use the Pythagorean theorem.
a^2 + b^2 = c^2
2^2 + 1.75^2 = c^2
4 + 3.0625 = c^2
sqrt(7.0625) = c
2.65 = c
Next we will use **arcsin** or **arccos** to find the angles. Make sure your calculator is set to degrees, not radians. The angles you calculate should add up to about 90\*. All triangles have their angles add up to 180\*, and this is a right triangle, so there is a given that one side is 90\*.
arcsin(2/2.65) = 49.0\*
arcsin(1.75/2.65)= 41.32
49 + 41.32 = 90.32
OR
arccos(2/2.65) = 40.9
arccos(1.75/2.65)= 48.6
40.9 + 48.6 = 89.5
source: <http://www.mathopenref.com/triginverse.html> | Since it seems like you're working with an existing space [these](https://www.amazon.com/s?ie=UTF8&page=1&rh=n%3A228013%2Ck%3Aangle%20finder%20tool) work wonders if you're looking for an angle... but you're not, you're looking for an edge length.
What actually needs is a straight ruler. Place it on the edge of the 2x4 and rotate to 2", mark it off, and cut, followed by putting it in place, marking off the end edge and using the ruler and rotate on the edge to measure a 1.75" line from that point and mark it off. |
94,884 | I have a 2x4 that is 86 inches long which needs to be cut so that one end is 2 inches and the opposite end 1.75 inches. How do I figure the angle of the cut? Could you please give me the step by step process of figuring this? To tell me to subtract one side from another and apply the law of sines to the result will not help since I have no idea how to do this.
Thanks | 2016/07/22 | [
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/94884",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/56720/"
] | The wedge being ripped off is 86" long and has a slope of 0.25", right?
If so then, the answer is 0.167° based on [this online calculator](http://www.calculator.net/triangle-calculator.html?vc=&vx=0.25&vy=&va=90&vz=86&vb=&angleunits=d&x=58&y=8).
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/CmerU.jpg)
By the way, the law of sines means, look it up in a table or use a calculator. The tangent (to look up) equals the opposite divided by the adjacent... so get a trig book and look up the angle of a tangent for 0.25/86 and you will find the angle is 0.167°. Here's a [tangent calculator](http://www.rapidtables.com/calc/math/Tan_Calculator.htm). | Since it seems like you're working with an existing space [these](https://www.amazon.com/s?ie=UTF8&page=1&rh=n%3A228013%2Ck%3Aangle%20finder%20tool) work wonders if you're looking for an angle... but you're not, you're looking for an edge length.
What actually needs is a straight ruler. Place it on the edge of the 2x4 and rotate to 2", mark it off, and cut, followed by putting it in place, marking off the end edge and using the ruler and rotate on the edge to measure a 1.75" line from that point and mark it off. |
3,582 | OK, now that I've posted the actual questions, I've deleted all the meta explanation.
Was it correct to split this question into two seperate questions for 1 and 2?
[World where everyone can know what everyone is thinking](https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/41816/world-where-everyone-can-know-what-everyone-is-thinking-what-changes)
[Suddenly, everyone in a world can know the thoughts of everyone else. What happens?](https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/41817/world-where-everyone-can-suddenly-know-what-everyone-else-is-thinking-what-happ)
#1 is a question where it's always been like that, #2 is a question where it suddenly happens.
If I split them, the main body of the text in the two questions will be quite similar and only the part about how it came into being will differ. Will this be duplicates? What should I do?
OK, I ended up splitting the questions.
If the community disagrees, I will happily merge them again. I will follow the votes of the community.
====================================================================================================== | 2016/05/19 | [
"https://worldbuilding.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/3582",
"https://worldbuilding.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.meta.stackexchange.com/users/18252/"
] | Imho:
The worlds are going to develop very differently in those two scenarios, so I'd say it would be better to post two separate questions. Otherwise, at the very least, it would difficult to pick the best answer - what if someone gives an awesome answer for #1, but ignores #2?
For the convenience, you could mention that the superpower is the same as in another question (for those who have already read another question), but still describe it in a separate paragraph or section (for those who haven't). | I disagree. This sets a dangerous precedent. People suddenly will begin to branch out questions into several sub-questions where only some nuance of the main issue changes. The big-picture question is never asked, and there are several splits of the answers. people answer one of them, and the other go without attention. It dillutes the quality of the Q&A. Also, **some of the questions may have trivial answers** (as is the case in hand - where one of them can be answered with "we are the borg"). Better take the effort and make one single question of high quality.
Making several nuance questions **may be a kind of rep farming**. I could (won't) as an exercise make 10 different questions about the same subject, changing nuances and bait the users into visiting the other questions, and maybe i'll get multiple upvotes from the same user.
The case study at is a duplicate. Worldbuilding questions are very open in which you can ask several questions over the same subject.
So basically it is one question, where it would be more useful to ask the answerer to make a parallel between the two possibilities, one when it evolves as the status quo and the other when it suddenly happens. |
3,582 | OK, now that I've posted the actual questions, I've deleted all the meta explanation.
Was it correct to split this question into two seperate questions for 1 and 2?
[World where everyone can know what everyone is thinking](https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/41816/world-where-everyone-can-know-what-everyone-is-thinking-what-changes)
[Suddenly, everyone in a world can know the thoughts of everyone else. What happens?](https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/41817/world-where-everyone-can-suddenly-know-what-everyone-else-is-thinking-what-happ)
#1 is a question where it's always been like that, #2 is a question where it suddenly happens.
If I split them, the main body of the text in the two questions will be quite similar and only the part about how it came into being will differ. Will this be duplicates? What should I do?
OK, I ended up splitting the questions.
If the community disagrees, I will happily merge them again. I will follow the votes of the community.
====================================================================================================== | 2016/05/19 | [
"https://worldbuilding.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/3582",
"https://worldbuilding.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.meta.stackexchange.com/users/18252/"
] | Imho:
The worlds are going to develop very differently in those two scenarios, so I'd say it would be better to post two separate questions. Otherwise, at the very least, it would difficult to pick the best answer - what if someone gives an awesome answer for #1, but ignores #2?
For the convenience, you could mention that the superpower is the same as in another question (for those who have already read another question), but still describe it in a separate paragraph or section (for those who haven't). | I remember the confusion with the 40mph runners, where we weren't sure whether it was an evolved trait or a suddenly given one as the responses would be completely different in each case. One government regulation and the other evolved social dynamics. I feel the same is true here and the two cases should be held clearly separate. |
3,582 | OK, now that I've posted the actual questions, I've deleted all the meta explanation.
Was it correct to split this question into two seperate questions for 1 and 2?
[World where everyone can know what everyone is thinking](https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/41816/world-where-everyone-can-know-what-everyone-is-thinking-what-changes)
[Suddenly, everyone in a world can know the thoughts of everyone else. What happens?](https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/41817/world-where-everyone-can-suddenly-know-what-everyone-else-is-thinking-what-happ)
#1 is a question where it's always been like that, #2 is a question where it suddenly happens.
If I split them, the main body of the text in the two questions will be quite similar and only the part about how it came into being will differ. Will this be duplicates? What should I do?
OK, I ended up splitting the questions.
If the community disagrees, I will happily merge them again. I will follow the votes of the community.
====================================================================================================== | 2016/05/19 | [
"https://worldbuilding.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/3582",
"https://worldbuilding.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.meta.stackexchange.com/users/18252/"
] | Imho:
The worlds are going to develop very differently in those two scenarios, so I'd say it would be better to post two separate questions. Otherwise, at the very least, it would difficult to pick the best answer - what if someone gives an awesome answer for #1, but ignores #2?
For the convenience, you could mention that the superpower is the same as in another question (for those who have already read another question), but still describe it in a separate paragraph or section (for those who haven't). | The mods solved this problem by putting #1 on hold as too broad. I guess I agree with their decision, as I was indirectly asking for the history and evolution of the culture of an entire species. I suppose if I had asked both questions in one, then that might have been too broad as well, since it would have included the "too-broad" question **and** the other one. |
3,582 | OK, now that I've posted the actual questions, I've deleted all the meta explanation.
Was it correct to split this question into two seperate questions for 1 and 2?
[World where everyone can know what everyone is thinking](https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/41816/world-where-everyone-can-know-what-everyone-is-thinking-what-changes)
[Suddenly, everyone in a world can know the thoughts of everyone else. What happens?](https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/41817/world-where-everyone-can-suddenly-know-what-everyone-else-is-thinking-what-happ)
#1 is a question where it's always been like that, #2 is a question where it suddenly happens.
If I split them, the main body of the text in the two questions will be quite similar and only the part about how it came into being will differ. Will this be duplicates? What should I do?
OK, I ended up splitting the questions.
If the community disagrees, I will happily merge them again. I will follow the votes of the community.
====================================================================================================== | 2016/05/19 | [
"https://worldbuilding.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/3582",
"https://worldbuilding.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.meta.stackexchange.com/users/18252/"
] | I remember the confusion with the 40mph runners, where we weren't sure whether it was an evolved trait or a suddenly given one as the responses would be completely different in each case. One government regulation and the other evolved social dynamics. I feel the same is true here and the two cases should be held clearly separate. | I disagree. This sets a dangerous precedent. People suddenly will begin to branch out questions into several sub-questions where only some nuance of the main issue changes. The big-picture question is never asked, and there are several splits of the answers. people answer one of them, and the other go without attention. It dillutes the quality of the Q&A. Also, **some of the questions may have trivial answers** (as is the case in hand - where one of them can be answered with "we are the borg"). Better take the effort and make one single question of high quality.
Making several nuance questions **may be a kind of rep farming**. I could (won't) as an exercise make 10 different questions about the same subject, changing nuances and bait the users into visiting the other questions, and maybe i'll get multiple upvotes from the same user.
The case study at is a duplicate. Worldbuilding questions are very open in which you can ask several questions over the same subject.
So basically it is one question, where it would be more useful to ask the answerer to make a parallel between the two possibilities, one when it evolves as the status quo and the other when it suddenly happens. |
3,582 | OK, now that I've posted the actual questions, I've deleted all the meta explanation.
Was it correct to split this question into two seperate questions for 1 and 2?
[World where everyone can know what everyone is thinking](https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/41816/world-where-everyone-can-know-what-everyone-is-thinking-what-changes)
[Suddenly, everyone in a world can know the thoughts of everyone else. What happens?](https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/41817/world-where-everyone-can-suddenly-know-what-everyone-else-is-thinking-what-happ)
#1 is a question where it's always been like that, #2 is a question where it suddenly happens.
If I split them, the main body of the text in the two questions will be quite similar and only the part about how it came into being will differ. Will this be duplicates? What should I do?
OK, I ended up splitting the questions.
If the community disagrees, I will happily merge them again. I will follow the votes of the community.
====================================================================================================== | 2016/05/19 | [
"https://worldbuilding.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/3582",
"https://worldbuilding.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.meta.stackexchange.com/users/18252/"
] | The mods solved this problem by putting #1 on hold as too broad. I guess I agree with their decision, as I was indirectly asking for the history and evolution of the culture of an entire species. I suppose if I had asked both questions in one, then that might have been too broad as well, since it would have included the "too-broad" question **and** the other one. | I disagree. This sets a dangerous precedent. People suddenly will begin to branch out questions into several sub-questions where only some nuance of the main issue changes. The big-picture question is never asked, and there are several splits of the answers. people answer one of them, and the other go without attention. It dillutes the quality of the Q&A. Also, **some of the questions may have trivial answers** (as is the case in hand - where one of them can be answered with "we are the borg"). Better take the effort and make one single question of high quality.
Making several nuance questions **may be a kind of rep farming**. I could (won't) as an exercise make 10 different questions about the same subject, changing nuances and bait the users into visiting the other questions, and maybe i'll get multiple upvotes from the same user.
The case study at is a duplicate. Worldbuilding questions are very open in which you can ask several questions over the same subject.
So basically it is one question, where it would be more useful to ask the answerer to make a parallel between the two possibilities, one when it evolves as the status quo and the other when it suddenly happens. |
3,582 | OK, now that I've posted the actual questions, I've deleted all the meta explanation.
Was it correct to split this question into two seperate questions for 1 and 2?
[World where everyone can know what everyone is thinking](https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/41816/world-where-everyone-can-know-what-everyone-is-thinking-what-changes)
[Suddenly, everyone in a world can know the thoughts of everyone else. What happens?](https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/41817/world-where-everyone-can-suddenly-know-what-everyone-else-is-thinking-what-happ)
#1 is a question where it's always been like that, #2 is a question where it suddenly happens.
If I split them, the main body of the text in the two questions will be quite similar and only the part about how it came into being will differ. Will this be duplicates? What should I do?
OK, I ended up splitting the questions.
If the community disagrees, I will happily merge them again. I will follow the votes of the community.
====================================================================================================== | 2016/05/19 | [
"https://worldbuilding.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/3582",
"https://worldbuilding.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.meta.stackexchange.com/users/18252/"
] | I remember the confusion with the 40mph runners, where we weren't sure whether it was an evolved trait or a suddenly given one as the responses would be completely different in each case. One government regulation and the other evolved social dynamics. I feel the same is true here and the two cases should be held clearly separate. | The mods solved this problem by putting #1 on hold as too broad. I guess I agree with their decision, as I was indirectly asking for the history and evolution of the culture of an entire species. I suppose if I had asked both questions in one, then that might have been too broad as well, since it would have included the "too-broad" question **and** the other one. |
148,952 | I want to migrate to lightning experience, and I don't see the "Log in to Portal as user" button in my lightning contact layout.
If I view the contact layout in classic Salesforce, I can see and manage the button:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/qBVjP.png)
But on the lightning experience contact page I can see the "Enable Customer User" button only:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/IOMf4.png)
And this is on the same contact (my contact has already a user).
Am I doing something wrong?
Does anybody know if this feature is available today for lightning experience? | 2016/11/16 | [
"https://salesforce.stackexchange.com/questions/148952",
"https://salesforce.stackexchange.com",
"https://salesforce.stackexchange.com/users/33798/"
] | **Update:** This has been available since the [Winter '18 release](https://releasenotes.docs.salesforce.com/en-us/winter18/release-notes/rn_networks_manage_external_users_lex.htm)
This feature is currently unavailable in Lightning UX:
<https://releasenotes.docs.salesforce.com/en-us/winter16/release-notes/lex_gaps_limitations_other_products.htm>
This was a big reason why I have not moved my Org to Lightning. | This feature is now available after the Winter '18 release. Go Lightning! |
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