qid int64 1 74.7M | question stringlengths 12 33.8k | date stringlengths 10 10 | metadata list | response_j stringlengths 0 115k | response_k stringlengths 2 98.3k |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1,098,799 | Every html document is an xml document. In the current project there are a lot of html tags which are not properly closed. This is a ruby on rails application. I want to put an after filter which will parse the whole html output and will raise an error if the parsing detects that it is not a well-formed document.
In this case well-formed means that all the tags are properly closed. What is a good ruby parser to use in this case which is also fast. | 2009/07/08 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1098799",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/131849/"
] | [markup\_validity](http://tenderlovemaking.com/2009/06/12/easy-markup-validation/) provides some (X)HTML validation features.
You can also use nokogiri [as described here](http://groups.google.com/group/nokogiri-talk/browse_frm/thread/31145249155a90e9/ac645b6df4ed65c5?lnk=gst&q=well+formed#ac645b6df4ed65c5). | Why would you close your tags? It's only going to slow you down!
<http://blog.errorhelp.com/2009/06/27/the-highest-traffic-site-in-the-world-doesnt-close-its-html-tags/> |
46,752 | I'm running an Earthdawn campaign and the party's current adversary is an unNamed Horror. In Earthdawn, Horrors fall somewhere between a demon in D&D and an Elder God in Cthulhu. It's important that this one be unNamed, because without a Name, it can't really grow or change too much, and it knows it. It's confined to garden variety evil.
I want to have the characters Name it, because that way when it does horrible heinous badness that it never would have been capable of without a Name, they'll know that they have some measure of guilt, since they made it possible.
I'm currently having it engage in distinctive behavior and take an particular interest in messing with one of the characters. It's going to start doing things that will give the party a bad rep, as well. I'm also giving them items/spells that will help them fight it, but only if they can use its Name. Since it doesn't currently have one, they would have to Name it.
Can anyone come up with other ways I can get them to Name the horror? | 2014/08/26 | [
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/questions/46752",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/users/15762/"
] | You wait
========
Your players will name it, most likely.
If they don't, the Horror remains unNamed. That's fine! Nothing ever goes as planned. | Involve NPCs. The NPCs hire the heros to chase away the unNamed horror. Because no one had actually seen it, the NPCs ask the victorious heroes what they saw. "What would you call something like that?!"
Then let the PCs fight over naming rights. :-D |
545,253 | Here is an example from the ACT June 2010 (68C):
>
> Birkeland's work was ridiculed by many of the era's top scientists, who scoffed at the notion that electrons from the sun could reach Earth's magnetic field from such a great distance. *However,* it wasn't until the 1960s, when satellites first proved the existence of a "solar wind" of particles sweeping past Earth, that Birkeland's central tenet was substantiated.
>
>
>
The question is asking whether to use "However," or omit it, adjusting the proper punctuation. I first made it to leave however as it is because it indicates that despite the ridiculous behavior of the era's top scientists, Birkeland's idea turned to be right at the end. It turns out that omitting however is the correct answer. Can someone explain please? | 2020/08/30 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/545253",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/397228/"
] | I would summarize these two sentences as:
* Birkeland's work was ridiculed by scientists.
* Birkeland's central tenet was not substantiated before the 1960s.
Both of these sentences are describing how Birkeland's work was thought to be wrong; the second sentence reinforces the first one. So the word "however" is not appropriate.
Notice that the sentence structure "it wasn't until the 1960s that the tenet was substantiated" places the emphasis on the fact that the tenet was *not* substantiated prior to the 1960s.
In order to emphasize the fact that the tenet *was* substantiated in the 1960s, we would have to use a different sentence structure. For example, we could write:
>
> Birkeland's work was ridiculed by many of the era's top scientists, who scoffed at the notion that electrons from the sun could reach Earth's magnetic field from such a great distance. However, in the 1960s, satellites finally proved the existence of a "solar wind" of particles sweeping past Earth, thereby substantiating Birkeland's central tenet.
>
>
> | The "correctness" of omitting *However* relies on the complete conceptual separation of the two sentences (statements) and in that form they read sequentially and correctly.
However, the use of *however* (with a following comma) is justified by its introducing to the reader the notion that they should compare the two sentences and thereby recognise the contrast between the flawed opinions and the verified truth.
Its use is therefore correct but I remain confident that some formalist will mark this down because they adhere to the needlessly restrictive old idea that no sentence should started with *However*. |
545,253 | Here is an example from the ACT June 2010 (68C):
>
> Birkeland's work was ridiculed by many of the era's top scientists, who scoffed at the notion that electrons from the sun could reach Earth's magnetic field from such a great distance. *However,* it wasn't until the 1960s, when satellites first proved the existence of a "solar wind" of particles sweeping past Earth, that Birkeland's central tenet was substantiated.
>
>
>
The question is asking whether to use "However," or omit it, adjusting the proper punctuation. I first made it to leave however as it is because it indicates that despite the ridiculous behavior of the era's top scientists, Birkeland's idea turned to be right at the end. It turns out that omitting however is the correct answer. Can someone explain please? | 2020/08/30 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/545253",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/397228/"
] | There may be some that stylistically would remove the 'however' in every case. In this case, though, I believe 'however' *is* misused. The first sentence is about Birkland’s work and its being ridiculed. The flawed understanding of science is essentially a modifier that provides clarity to what the work was. 'However' typically introduces a clarifying statement presenting a counter argument.
But in this case, that’s not the point of these two sentences together. The point is Birkland’s work and the path of its acceptance. 'However' is not being used to dispute the path. It’s being used to dispute the modifier. And that is not the correct way to write this. In contrast, 'it wasn’t until' describes the point at which the ridicule stopped and the work was accepted. As a functional phrase it provides the timeline. These two sentences together are providing a timeline about their subject/object, ie the relative acceptance of Birkland’s work. | The "correctness" of omitting *However* relies on the complete conceptual separation of the two sentences (statements) and in that form they read sequentially and correctly.
However, the use of *however* (with a following comma) is justified by its introducing to the reader the notion that they should compare the two sentences and thereby recognise the contrast between the flawed opinions and the verified truth.
Its use is therefore correct but I remain confident that some formalist will mark this down because they adhere to the needlessly restrictive old idea that no sentence should started with *However*. |
16,154 | Is lolspeak / internet speak (such as "plz send teh codez") bad English, or a different English?
I can't really describe what'd be "bad", but a lack of consistency would be an indicator it's bad. | 2011/03/13 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/16154",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/1420/"
] | Is it bad *English*? Yes, I'd say so.
Is it a bad language? No, not really. No more than, say, [pig latin](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pig_Latin). | To the Keepers Of The Faith (whatever faith that might be) anything new is "Bad". However, it clearly came into being to serve a need, just as English or any other language evolves to better meet the needs of those it serves.
I think the real question is Is it English, Is It a dialect of English, or is it something different enough to be considered in its own right? Other than noting that it is obviously based on English, I personally don't have the expertise to make this judgment.
Also note that it exists for communication within a specific environment - you don't hear it on the street in face to face spoken conversation - only when the conversation is electronic. I'm not a linguist. Are there other living, natural, languages that exist only in written form? |
16,154 | Is lolspeak / internet speak (such as "plz send teh codez") bad English, or a different English?
I can't really describe what'd be "bad", but a lack of consistency would be an indicator it's bad. | 2011/03/13 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/16154",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/1420/"
] | Is it bad *English*? Yes, I'd say so.
Is it a bad language? No, not really. No more than, say, [pig latin](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pig_Latin). | Like [Leet](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leet) and [txt](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMS_language), [Lolspeak](http://speaklolspeak.com/) is an almost exclusively textual form of communication that arose to fulfill a specific need. While Leet appeared as an [obfuscated](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obfuscation) hacker [shibboleth](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shibboleth) and txt to circumvent the content length restrictions on SMS messages, Lolspeak appeared to serve the needs of [Lolcats](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lolcat).
I'm sure there are other examples of written-only forms of communication such as these, which are obviously closely *related* to English, but I would argue that they are *not* English proper, simply because they're not always immediately intelligible to the uninitiate—and sometimes that's the point. In that regard, they count as dialects, but of a sort that till now simply never had the opportunity to appear.
People make verbal use of expressions derived from these dialects fairly often, but it's usually restricted to a highly specific context and is often facetious. Gamers in certain circles have long used expressions derived from Leet, most notably [own](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owned); people of all sorts have been caught saying *brb*, *lol*, and, in one of very few non-joking uses, *B T dubs* (*btw*) as verbal shorthand for *by the way*.
I'm at RIT, so I definitely hear lolspeak expressions with greater regularity than most, but I believe lolspeak is an active and important part of the culture of people who live both online and *irl*. |
16,154 | Is lolspeak / internet speak (such as "plz send teh codez") bad English, or a different English?
I can't really describe what'd be "bad", but a lack of consistency would be an indicator it's bad. | 2011/03/13 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/16154",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/1420/"
] | Is it bad *English*? Yes, I'd say so.
Is it a bad language? No, not really. No more than, say, [pig latin](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pig_Latin). | To extend on Jon Purdy's answer above, three points should be kept in mind:
1. Lolspeak ([as described here](http://speaklolspeak.com/page/LOLspeak+101)) is used as an insider marker for a subset of Internet users. Many similar examples exist of coded language that members of a group use to reinforce community bonds.
2. The primary purpose of Lolspeak is to caption photos of cats (and, rarely, rabbits, dogs and other animals). It is intended to represent the speech of animals, not humans.
3. It is, functionally, a "joke." A running gag. Humor. It is not a variant of English, a Creole, a patois, a pastiche, or a dialect.
I would continue, but I sense that Ceiling Cat is watching me. |
16,154 | Is lolspeak / internet speak (such as "plz send teh codez") bad English, or a different English?
I can't really describe what'd be "bad", but a lack of consistency would be an indicator it's bad. | 2011/03/13 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/16154",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/1420/"
] | Like [Leet](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leet) and [txt](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMS_language), [Lolspeak](http://speaklolspeak.com/) is an almost exclusively textual form of communication that arose to fulfill a specific need. While Leet appeared as an [obfuscated](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obfuscation) hacker [shibboleth](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shibboleth) and txt to circumvent the content length restrictions on SMS messages, Lolspeak appeared to serve the needs of [Lolcats](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lolcat).
I'm sure there are other examples of written-only forms of communication such as these, which are obviously closely *related* to English, but I would argue that they are *not* English proper, simply because they're not always immediately intelligible to the uninitiate—and sometimes that's the point. In that regard, they count as dialects, but of a sort that till now simply never had the opportunity to appear.
People make verbal use of expressions derived from these dialects fairly often, but it's usually restricted to a highly specific context and is often facetious. Gamers in certain circles have long used expressions derived from Leet, most notably [own](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owned); people of all sorts have been caught saying *brb*, *lol*, and, in one of very few non-joking uses, *B T dubs* (*btw*) as verbal shorthand for *by the way*.
I'm at RIT, so I definitely hear lolspeak expressions with greater regularity than most, but I believe lolspeak is an active and important part of the culture of people who live both online and *irl*. | To the Keepers Of The Faith (whatever faith that might be) anything new is "Bad". However, it clearly came into being to serve a need, just as English or any other language evolves to better meet the needs of those it serves.
I think the real question is Is it English, Is It a dialect of English, or is it something different enough to be considered in its own right? Other than noting that it is obviously based on English, I personally don't have the expertise to make this judgment.
Also note that it exists for communication within a specific environment - you don't hear it on the street in face to face spoken conversation - only when the conversation is electronic. I'm not a linguist. Are there other living, natural, languages that exist only in written form? |
16,154 | Is lolspeak / internet speak (such as "plz send teh codez") bad English, or a different English?
I can't really describe what'd be "bad", but a lack of consistency would be an indicator it's bad. | 2011/03/13 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/16154",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/1420/"
] | To extend on Jon Purdy's answer above, three points should be kept in mind:
1. Lolspeak ([as described here](http://speaklolspeak.com/page/LOLspeak+101)) is used as an insider marker for a subset of Internet users. Many similar examples exist of coded language that members of a group use to reinforce community bonds.
2. The primary purpose of Lolspeak is to caption photos of cats (and, rarely, rabbits, dogs and other animals). It is intended to represent the speech of animals, not humans.
3. It is, functionally, a "joke." A running gag. Humor. It is not a variant of English, a Creole, a patois, a pastiche, or a dialect.
I would continue, but I sense that Ceiling Cat is watching me. | To the Keepers Of The Faith (whatever faith that might be) anything new is "Bad". However, it clearly came into being to serve a need, just as English or any other language evolves to better meet the needs of those it serves.
I think the real question is Is it English, Is It a dialect of English, or is it something different enough to be considered in its own right? Other than noting that it is obviously based on English, I personally don't have the expertise to make this judgment.
Also note that it exists for communication within a specific environment - you don't hear it on the street in face to face spoken conversation - only when the conversation is electronic. I'm not a linguist. Are there other living, natural, languages that exist only in written form? |
460,646 | I am using desktop with intel dual core processor on biostar motherboard. Now days,after 1 hour working(not exact) it suddenly power off(not shut down) with out warning.when i try to power it on,some time it woks for few minutes and again power off and some time it start for 2 or 3 second and power off(before booting). can any one help me to identify and fix this issue?? | 2012/08/12 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/460646",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/151827/"
] | Just Right Click on VOLUME BUTTON in the SYSTEM TRAY. This should cancel signal processing on both output devices (HS/SP) | Which audio chipset does your PC have? On systems with Realtek HD Audio, the manufacturer's Audio Manager app provides an option under Advanced Device Settings to either treat both front and rear output jacks as the same, or as different devices. The latter setting allows users to play back different audio streams simultaneously, and each output device will have a separate volume control displayed by the mixer.
Search for a similar setting for your audio device, and select the option to tie both jacks together. That way, you can use the same button to mute both output devices simultaneously. If you don't want to do this or cannot find such an option (maybe the Windows 8 audio driver from the manufacturer still lacks it), in Windows 7 at least the mixer allows you to select the different output devices from a drop-down menu (see screenshot below). I'm sure Windows 8 should allow you to do this as well. You can select the front jack output device (headphones) and then mute it, although this way is more of a pain since you'll need to remember to switch back to the rear jack output device (speakers) when you want to mute those instead.
 |
1,751 | Riffling through my memory on another question, I was reminded of a series that aired in the States on broadcast (NBC, I think, though it may have been syndicated), probably Saturday mornings. I seem to remember it being called "Rock TV" or "Wolfgang Rock TV". However, I can find nothing on Wikipedia or IMDB about such a series.
It had an animated portion where the characters went to "The Flip Side" with the help of a DJ. Interspersed between the animated portion, they would play current music videos (the era of the videos was 1983-84 and featured Madonna and The Police, etc.).
Could anyone tell me the exact name of this series? | 2012/03/28 | [
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/questions/1751",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/users/417/"
] | The train wreck is part of Hugo's dream. He has recently shown the drawing the automaton created to Méliès, who, in a state of sudden emotion, ejected Hugo from his home.
Hugo has felt that there is a part of his father's life which he can only access through repairing and understanding the origin of the automaton, and this rejection has left him reeling. This hurts all the more because even though Méliès is gruff with him, he has accepted Hugo as an apprentice, and is the closest thing Hugo has to a father figure.
He dreams of a train wreck, happening as he's attempting to retrieve the key from the track - the key that might give him a connection with his father, or perhaps more importantly access to a new father. The train wreck symbolizes that everything he's worked to resolve the mystery is crashing down, and in fact it is the key that makes him human. Without it he feels he has no place in society, and no right to happiness, as he's seen so many other orphans suffer at the hands of the stationmaster.
The reason it is that specific crash is that it originally occurred at that station, and so Hugo would have been familiar with the story, and probably have seen pictures of it. There doesn't seem to be anything particularly relevant about that accident and the film or Hugo, just that it occurred at the station the film is set in. | Is the train crash not a symbolic reference to the first movie that Méliès sees in the fair ground of a train arriving at a station? People are so startled by the train approaching the camera that they think it is going to crash into them. Méliès, at that time a magician, is so intrigued by the ability of the movies to 'trick' the eye that he gives up magic and moves into film making. It is only later that he discovers that film is also a fantastic storytelling medium.
The train is thus a symbol of the power of film to both 'trick' the eye and to tell a story. The two themes that Méliès is most intrigued by in his own film making. And by extension I assume Scorsese too. |
1,751 | Riffling through my memory on another question, I was reminded of a series that aired in the States on broadcast (NBC, I think, though it may have been syndicated), probably Saturday mornings. I seem to remember it being called "Rock TV" or "Wolfgang Rock TV". However, I can find nothing on Wikipedia or IMDB about such a series.
It had an animated portion where the characters went to "The Flip Side" with the help of a DJ. Interspersed between the animated portion, they would play current music videos (the era of the videos was 1983-84 and featured Madonna and The Police, etc.).
Could anyone tell me the exact name of this series? | 2012/03/28 | [
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/questions/1751",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/users/417/"
] | The train wreck is part of Hugo's dream. He has recently shown the drawing the automaton created to Méliès, who, in a state of sudden emotion, ejected Hugo from his home.
Hugo has felt that there is a part of his father's life which he can only access through repairing and understanding the origin of the automaton, and this rejection has left him reeling. This hurts all the more because even though Méliès is gruff with him, he has accepted Hugo as an apprentice, and is the closest thing Hugo has to a father figure.
He dreams of a train wreck, happening as he's attempting to retrieve the key from the track - the key that might give him a connection with his father, or perhaps more importantly access to a new father. The train wreck symbolizes that everything he's worked to resolve the mystery is crashing down, and in fact it is the key that makes him human. Without it he feels he has no place in society, and no right to happiness, as he's seen so many other orphans suffer at the hands of the stationmaster.
The reason it is that specific crash is that it originally occurred at that station, and so Hugo would have been familiar with the story, and probably have seen pictures of it. There doesn't seem to be anything particularly relevant about that accident and the film or Hugo, just that it occurred at the station the film is set in. | I think that it means that Hugo's life is now complete with the key as he thinks but the train wreck happens because he doesn't know what to do as George's Mėlies still dislikes him though he is a bit kind to him. The dream represents the feelings of Hugo Cabret. |
1,751 | Riffling through my memory on another question, I was reminded of a series that aired in the States on broadcast (NBC, I think, though it may have been syndicated), probably Saturday mornings. I seem to remember it being called "Rock TV" or "Wolfgang Rock TV". However, I can find nothing on Wikipedia or IMDB about such a series.
It had an animated portion where the characters went to "The Flip Side" with the help of a DJ. Interspersed between the animated portion, they would play current music videos (the era of the videos was 1983-84 and featured Madonna and The Police, etc.).
Could anyone tell me the exact name of this series? | 2012/03/28 | [
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/questions/1751",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/users/417/"
] | Is the train crash not a symbolic reference to the first movie that Méliès sees in the fair ground of a train arriving at a station? People are so startled by the train approaching the camera that they think it is going to crash into them. Méliès, at that time a magician, is so intrigued by the ability of the movies to 'trick' the eye that he gives up magic and moves into film making. It is only later that he discovers that film is also a fantastic storytelling medium.
The train is thus a symbol of the power of film to both 'trick' the eye and to tell a story. The two themes that Méliès is most intrigued by in his own film making. And by extension I assume Scorsese too. | I think that it means that Hugo's life is now complete with the key as he thinks but the train wreck happens because he doesn't know what to do as George's Mėlies still dislikes him though he is a bit kind to him. The dream represents the feelings of Hugo Cabret. |
193,160 | Which is the default TCP connect timeout in Windows? There is a registry key to configure it or it's set dynamically? | 2010/10/20 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/193160",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/45617/"
] | In Windows the value is dynamic for *established* conections, though the default for *initial connections* is 72 seconds. The Registry settings are defined in this article:
<http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc739819(WS.10).aspx>
HKEY\_LOCAL\_MACHINE
\SYSTEM
\CurrentControlSet
\Services:
\Tcpip
\Parameters
**TcpInitialRTT**: Defines what the initial time-out settings are for new connections. This number in seconds is doubled each time it retransmits before timing a connection out. Defaults to 3.
**TcpMaxConnectRetransmissions**: Defines the number of retransmissions while establishing the connection before timing a connection out. Defaults to 2. | TcpInitialRTT and TcpMaxConnectRetransmissions may not be present in Vista and Windows 2008. This Microsoft document does not include them.
<http://download.microsoft.com/download/c/2/6/c26893a6-46c7-4b5c-b287-830216597340/TCPIP_Reg.doc>
And this says at least TcpInitialRTT is gone, although I don't know how reliable it is.
<http://pul.se/Blog-Post-TCP-IP-Stack-hardening-in-Operating-Systems-starting-with-Windows-Vista_SharePoint-kHPTTCP0WJ5,7zq00hH0wINE> |
193,160 | Which is the default TCP connect timeout in Windows? There is a registry key to configure it or it's set dynamically? | 2010/10/20 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/193160",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/45617/"
] | In Windows the value is dynamic for *established* conections, though the default for *initial connections* is 72 seconds. The Registry settings are defined in this article:
<http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc739819(WS.10).aspx>
HKEY\_LOCAL\_MACHINE
\SYSTEM
\CurrentControlSet
\Services:
\Tcpip
\Parameters
**TcpInitialRTT**: Defines what the initial time-out settings are for new connections. This number in seconds is doubled each time it retransmits before timing a connection out. Defaults to 3.
**TcpMaxConnectRetransmissions**: Defines the number of retransmissions while establishing the connection before timing a connection out. Defaults to 2. | If I understand your question correctly, you are referring to:
TcpTimedWaitDelay
This key determines the time that must elapse before TCP/IP can release a closed connection and reuse its resources. This interval between closure and release is known as the TIME\_WAIT state or twice the maximum segment lifetime (2MSL) state. During this time, reopening the connection to the client and server costs less than establishing a new connection. By reducing the value of this entry, TCP/IP can release closed connections faster and provide more resources for new connections. Adjust this parameter if the running application requires rapid release, the creation of new connections, or an adjustment because of a low throughput caused by multiple connections in the TIME\_WAIT state.
The exact key is:
HKEY\_LOCAL\_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Tcpip\Parameters\TcpTimedWaitDelay
You may not have it set if you are using Win2008 or later, but the default is 240 decimal (240 seconds or 4 minutes that is). You can add the key to the registry with a different value and it will take effect after a reboot (tested on Windows Server 2008R2 in a production environment).
This is an absurdly high value given the quality of modern networks.
I had an application literally less than a month ago running on a server that exhausted the maximum number of connections Windows can support and killed every network service on that server regularly. 16,000+ connections in netstat -a when you even manage to RDP to the server.
We set the value to 30 decimal (30 seconds) and voila, the issue was solved - less than 10,000 simultaneous connections (since the app was rapidly opening and closing them) and no throughput issues. |
193,160 | Which is the default TCP connect timeout in Windows? There is a registry key to configure it or it's set dynamically? | 2010/10/20 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/193160",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/45617/"
] | TcpInitialRTT and TcpMaxConnectRetransmissions may not be present in Vista and Windows 2008. This Microsoft document does not include them.
<http://download.microsoft.com/download/c/2/6/c26893a6-46c7-4b5c-b287-830216597340/TCPIP_Reg.doc>
And this says at least TcpInitialRTT is gone, although I don't know how reliable it is.
<http://pul.se/Blog-Post-TCP-IP-Stack-hardening-in-Operating-Systems-starting-with-Windows-Vista_SharePoint-kHPTTCP0WJ5,7zq00hH0wINE> | If I understand your question correctly, you are referring to:
TcpTimedWaitDelay
This key determines the time that must elapse before TCP/IP can release a closed connection and reuse its resources. This interval between closure and release is known as the TIME\_WAIT state or twice the maximum segment lifetime (2MSL) state. During this time, reopening the connection to the client and server costs less than establishing a new connection. By reducing the value of this entry, TCP/IP can release closed connections faster and provide more resources for new connections. Adjust this parameter if the running application requires rapid release, the creation of new connections, or an adjustment because of a low throughput caused by multiple connections in the TIME\_WAIT state.
The exact key is:
HKEY\_LOCAL\_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Tcpip\Parameters\TcpTimedWaitDelay
You may not have it set if you are using Win2008 or later, but the default is 240 decimal (240 seconds or 4 minutes that is). You can add the key to the registry with a different value and it will take effect after a reboot (tested on Windows Server 2008R2 in a production environment).
This is an absurdly high value given the quality of modern networks.
I had an application literally less than a month ago running on a server that exhausted the maximum number of connections Windows can support and killed every network service on that server regularly. 16,000+ connections in netstat -a when you even manage to RDP to the server.
We set the value to 30 decimal (30 seconds) and voila, the issue was solved - less than 10,000 simultaneous connections (since the app was rapidly opening and closing them) and no throughput issues. |
12,449,099 | I want to use MySQL to store session variables. From what I understand this means that on every page request there will be one read and one write to the table.
Which MySQL storage engine is best suited for this task? MyISAM, InnoDB , MariaDB (which I don't see in PHPMyAdmin), Memory, or something else entirely? | 2012/09/16 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/12449099",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/465546/"
] | "Best" means nothing. You need to express your constraints: do you need consistency? Durability? High-availability? Performance? A combination of all these properties? Can you afford to loose your sessions? Can they fit in memory? Do you need to support concurrent accesses to the same data?
Without more context, I would choose InnoDB which is the most balanced storage engine. It provides correct performance for OLTP applications, ACID transactions, good reliability, and sensible concurrency management. Session variables access will likely be done using primary keys, and this operation is very efficient with InnoDB.
Now if performance is really a constraint, I would rather use a NoSQL engine (i.e. not MySQL). To store session data, [Redis](http://redis.io/) usually does a very good job, and is easy enough to integrate and deploy. | Memory storage engine sounds to be the best option. Keep in mind that this is good for temporary sessions.
<http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/memory-storage-engine.html> |
12,449,099 | I want to use MySQL to store session variables. From what I understand this means that on every page request there will be one read and one write to the table.
Which MySQL storage engine is best suited for this task? MyISAM, InnoDB , MariaDB (which I don't see in PHPMyAdmin), Memory, or something else entirely? | 2012/09/16 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/12449099",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/465546/"
] | Memory storage engine sounds to be the best option. Keep in mind that this is good for temporary sessions.
<http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/memory-storage-engine.html> | It depends on how you evaluate "betterness":
MyISAM is the most common (many shared hosting packages only let you use MyISAM). plus it is rather limited in the relationship control aspect, so you set it up really fast and easy. if you want portability and fast implementation across multiple hosting scenarios, MYISAM IS BEST.
InnoDB allows you to create relationships and saveguard data integrity by linking keys in different tables, which means more work but much more professional db design. many shared hosting packages do not implement InnoDB, therefore when exporting table structure from one environment to another, you might have some extra work to do. if you want realationship management and control, INNODB IS BEST.
As far as data portability is concerned, an InnoDB database will be completely accepted by MyISAM (because MyISAM does not check data integrity: "is there a user number 4 in the user database when i insert a new record in user\_car, for example"). If you start out with MyISAM, exporting to a full-fledged InnoDB database will be a nightmare, even if your data has all keys, table data must be imported in the correct order (user and car, before user\_car).
MariaDB? never, simply because less people use it, therefore you will have less support, as compared to MyISAM and InnoDB.
Bottom line clincher: INNODB. |
12,449,099 | I want to use MySQL to store session variables. From what I understand this means that on every page request there will be one read and one write to the table.
Which MySQL storage engine is best suited for this task? MyISAM, InnoDB , MariaDB (which I don't see in PHPMyAdmin), Memory, or something else entirely? | 2012/09/16 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/12449099",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/465546/"
] | Memory storage engine sounds to be the best option. Keep in mind that this is good for temporary sessions.
<http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/memory-storage-engine.html> | If you do not wan't the overhead from a SQL connection consider using MemCached session sorage. See <http://php.net/manual/en/memcached.sessions.php> |
12,449,099 | I want to use MySQL to store session variables. From what I understand this means that on every page request there will be one read and one write to the table.
Which MySQL storage engine is best suited for this task? MyISAM, InnoDB , MariaDB (which I don't see in PHPMyAdmin), Memory, or something else entirely? | 2012/09/16 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/12449099",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/465546/"
] | "Best" means nothing. You need to express your constraints: do you need consistency? Durability? High-availability? Performance? A combination of all these properties? Can you afford to loose your sessions? Can they fit in memory? Do you need to support concurrent accesses to the same data?
Without more context, I would choose InnoDB which is the most balanced storage engine. It provides correct performance for OLTP applications, ACID transactions, good reliability, and sensible concurrency management. Session variables access will likely be done using primary keys, and this operation is very efficient with InnoDB.
Now if performance is really a constraint, I would rather use a NoSQL engine (i.e. not MySQL). To store session data, [Redis](http://redis.io/) usually does a very good job, and is easy enough to integrate and deploy. | It depends on how you evaluate "betterness":
MyISAM is the most common (many shared hosting packages only let you use MyISAM). plus it is rather limited in the relationship control aspect, so you set it up really fast and easy. if you want portability and fast implementation across multiple hosting scenarios, MYISAM IS BEST.
InnoDB allows you to create relationships and saveguard data integrity by linking keys in different tables, which means more work but much more professional db design. many shared hosting packages do not implement InnoDB, therefore when exporting table structure from one environment to another, you might have some extra work to do. if you want realationship management and control, INNODB IS BEST.
As far as data portability is concerned, an InnoDB database will be completely accepted by MyISAM (because MyISAM does not check data integrity: "is there a user number 4 in the user database when i insert a new record in user\_car, for example"). If you start out with MyISAM, exporting to a full-fledged InnoDB database will be a nightmare, even if your data has all keys, table data must be imported in the correct order (user and car, before user\_car).
MariaDB? never, simply because less people use it, therefore you will have less support, as compared to MyISAM and InnoDB.
Bottom line clincher: INNODB. |
12,449,099 | I want to use MySQL to store session variables. From what I understand this means that on every page request there will be one read and one write to the table.
Which MySQL storage engine is best suited for this task? MyISAM, InnoDB , MariaDB (which I don't see in PHPMyAdmin), Memory, or something else entirely? | 2012/09/16 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/12449099",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/465546/"
] | "Best" means nothing. You need to express your constraints: do you need consistency? Durability? High-availability? Performance? A combination of all these properties? Can you afford to loose your sessions? Can they fit in memory? Do you need to support concurrent accesses to the same data?
Without more context, I would choose InnoDB which is the most balanced storage engine. It provides correct performance for OLTP applications, ACID transactions, good reliability, and sensible concurrency management. Session variables access will likely be done using primary keys, and this operation is very efficient with InnoDB.
Now if performance is really a constraint, I would rather use a NoSQL engine (i.e. not MySQL). To store session data, [Redis](http://redis.io/) usually does a very good job, and is easy enough to integrate and deploy. | If you do not wan't the overhead from a SQL connection consider using MemCached session sorage. See <http://php.net/manual/en/memcached.sessions.php> |
263,537 | I opened it and expected I'd find bulbs I could replace with smart hue-changing bulbs, but found a pad of LEDs:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/9rdKw.jpg)
But I see some holes near the center. Is hope not lost? Can bulb attachments be places there? Or does this whole fixture have to be replaced? | 2022/12/29 | [
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/263537",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/2014/"
] | I tried Googling "Intertek MXL1074" per that label but it only results in this [Energetic Lighting 14" LED Flush Mount Fixture](https://www.costco.com/energetic-lighting-14%22-led-flush-mount-fixture.product.100568811.html) for $30.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/TInGX.png)
I can only assume that finding just an LED driver will be more expensive or time-consuming than it's worth. Sadly, many things are becoming a disposable commodity so you can either continue that trend or get a fixture with replaceable bulbs. | #### TL;DR No
And for those interested in "why":
Unlike traditional incandescent light bulbs that typically last 1,000 - 2,000 hours, or a year if used just a few hours a day, LEDs can easily last on the order of 50,000 hours. The LEDs themselves rarely fail. The part that fails first is almost always the driver, which in this particular case may actually be replaceable (the box in the middle).
The result is that since a well-designed LED light fixture can easily last 5 - 10 years or even longer, depending on usage (how many hours per day, how many times on/off, ambient temperature, among other factors), the old mode of "easy to replace bulb" is being replaced with "appliance" mode. Do you worry about how easy it is to replace your oven's heating element or other parts? Not usually, and depending on when the problems start happening, often the solution is to replace the entire appliance.
There are two recent major updates to LED lighting, in addition to gradual improvements in color rendering (CRI), temperature, power usage and MTBF:
* WiFi or other remote control
* Multiple colors
For WiFi or other remote control, the better overall solution, in my opinion, is smart switches. There are a number of reasons including control multiple fixtures with one switch and keeping normal "switch at entrance to room" functional.
For multiple colors - get a plug-in lamp that uses Edison-base bulbs. Personally, beyond dimming (and some dim much better than others) I see no point in adjusting the light output. But that's me. |
263,537 | I opened it and expected I'd find bulbs I could replace with smart hue-changing bulbs, but found a pad of LEDs:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/9rdKw.jpg)
But I see some holes near the center. Is hope not lost? Can bulb attachments be places there? Or does this whole fixture have to be replaced? | 2022/12/29 | [
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/263537",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/2014/"
] | #### TL;DR No
And for those interested in "why":
Unlike traditional incandescent light bulbs that typically last 1,000 - 2,000 hours, or a year if used just a few hours a day, LEDs can easily last on the order of 50,000 hours. The LEDs themselves rarely fail. The part that fails first is almost always the driver, which in this particular case may actually be replaceable (the box in the middle).
The result is that since a well-designed LED light fixture can easily last 5 - 10 years or even longer, depending on usage (how many hours per day, how many times on/off, ambient temperature, among other factors), the old mode of "easy to replace bulb" is being replaced with "appliance" mode. Do you worry about how easy it is to replace your oven's heating element or other parts? Not usually, and depending on when the problems start happening, often the solution is to replace the entire appliance.
There are two recent major updates to LED lighting, in addition to gradual improvements in color rendering (CRI), temperature, power usage and MTBF:
* WiFi or other remote control
* Multiple colors
For WiFi or other remote control, the better overall solution, in my opinion, is smart switches. There are a number of reasons including control multiple fixtures with one switch and keeping normal "switch at entrance to room" functional.
For multiple colors - get a plug-in lamp that uses Edison-base bulbs. Personally, beyond dimming (and some dim much better than others) I see no point in adjusting the light output. But that's me. | The one you have can not be adapted to what you want, it needs to be replaced.
Turn off the power.
Remove/ unscrew the white box in the middle, and let it hang on the wires.
Unscrew the screws left and right of the white box (on the black part). No need to remove the 4 black small screws on the outside.
Now the whole assembly will come off but still hanging on the wires.
Take a picture of the wiring and Disconnect the wires.
Go to hardware store and decide what type of ceiling light fixture you want. Look for the one with with E27 screw in bulb holder.
Follow the instructions how to mount it |
263,537 | I opened it and expected I'd find bulbs I could replace with smart hue-changing bulbs, but found a pad of LEDs:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/9rdKw.jpg)
But I see some holes near the center. Is hope not lost? Can bulb attachments be places there? Or does this whole fixture have to be replaced? | 2022/12/29 | [
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/263537",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/2014/"
] | I tried Googling "Intertek MXL1074" per that label but it only results in this [Energetic Lighting 14" LED Flush Mount Fixture](https://www.costco.com/energetic-lighting-14%22-led-flush-mount-fixture.product.100568811.html) for $30.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/TInGX.png)
I can only assume that finding just an LED driver will be more expensive or time-consuming than it's worth. Sadly, many things are becoming a disposable commodity so you can either continue that trend or get a fixture with replaceable bulbs. | The one you have can not be adapted to what you want, it needs to be replaced.
Turn off the power.
Remove/ unscrew the white box in the middle, and let it hang on the wires.
Unscrew the screws left and right of the white box (on the black part). No need to remove the 4 black small screws on the outside.
Now the whole assembly will come off but still hanging on the wires.
Take a picture of the wiring and Disconnect the wires.
Go to hardware store and decide what type of ceiling light fixture you want. Look for the one with with E27 screw in bulb holder.
Follow the instructions how to mount it |
1,127 | We see a fairly steady stream of questions by people who for one reason or another find themselves having to do a sysadmin's work but have no experience or qualifications whatsoever. Very often they are simply the only person who knows where the on/off switch is and so are deemed to be the best qualified of those available.
Their questions make it clear they are way out of their depth and often the best advise that can be given to them is to seek the services of someone who knows what they're doing. Their questions are also generally very poorly worded, at least in a technical sense, and tend to get seriously downvoted. Plus, it's often clear that they would not cope with a properly detailed technical answer.
Despite all that, these people are being paid to do the job and so are in the strictest sense professionals.
**As a moderator**, how would you react to such questions if they have not previously been flagged for moderator attention? | 2011/01/21 | [
"https://meta.serverfault.com/questions/1127",
"https://meta.serverfault.com",
"https://meta.serverfault.com/users/9278/"
] | One thing comes to mind: Where are the newbies going to go eventually if we close the door completely?
I'm also sick and tired of the questions, but I choose to not answer them.. | The first thing I tend to do is to try and help the user make their question clearer and easier to read, to discourage the downvotes. If the question has value then it should be retained.
As regard to answering the question, sometimes the answer is "Get a professional in to help" If you can see from the question that the user is looking at getting themselves or their company into a lot of trouble (such as I deleted my Exchange database, help!) then the best course of action is to make them see how much of a problem this is, and the best way for them to get out of this situation.
That said, if the question is not a critical problem, and the user would gain from learning how to solve this problem, then why not help them with their education. We all had to start somewhere, often this starting point was with the water way above our heads. |
1,127 | We see a fairly steady stream of questions by people who for one reason or another find themselves having to do a sysadmin's work but have no experience or qualifications whatsoever. Very often they are simply the only person who knows where the on/off switch is and so are deemed to be the best qualified of those available.
Their questions make it clear they are way out of their depth and often the best advise that can be given to them is to seek the services of someone who knows what they're doing. Their questions are also generally very poorly worded, at least in a technical sense, and tend to get seriously downvoted. Plus, it's often clear that they would not cope with a properly detailed technical answer.
Despite all that, these people are being paid to do the job and so are in the strictest sense professionals.
**As a moderator**, how would you react to such questions if they have not previously been flagged for moderator attention? | 2011/01/21 | [
"https://meta.serverfault.com/questions/1127",
"https://meta.serverfault.com",
"https://meta.serverfault.com/users/9278/"
] | One thing comes to mind: Where are the newbies going to go eventually if we close the door completely?
I'm also sick and tired of the questions, but I choose to not answer them.. | Whether it's been flagged or not, if it seemed like a legitimate question, but one that needs much clarifying, that's what comments are for. If it's been flagged or gotten some close votes that I didn't agree with, again, a comment is appropriate.
For questions that seemed to me to be clearly bad (ones that are very close to meeting "Not a real question"), I'm honestly not sure what I'd do. It's one thing to be able to cast one of 5 votes to close, and to post a link to the Vote To Close chat room, but it's a much swifter, stronger response to just step in and close it in one step as a moderator. If I were elected, I would initially be more cautious and simply comment (not close) and pay closer attention to which cries for help could be turned into answerable questions, and which ones were most likely going to be ignored. |
1,127 | We see a fairly steady stream of questions by people who for one reason or another find themselves having to do a sysadmin's work but have no experience or qualifications whatsoever. Very often they are simply the only person who knows where the on/off switch is and so are deemed to be the best qualified of those available.
Their questions make it clear they are way out of their depth and often the best advise that can be given to them is to seek the services of someone who knows what they're doing. Their questions are also generally very poorly worded, at least in a technical sense, and tend to get seriously downvoted. Plus, it's often clear that they would not cope with a properly detailed technical answer.
Despite all that, these people are being paid to do the job and so are in the strictest sense professionals.
**As a moderator**, how would you react to such questions if they have not previously been flagged for moderator attention? | 2011/01/21 | [
"https://meta.serverfault.com/questions/1127",
"https://meta.serverfault.com",
"https://meta.serverfault.com/users/9278/"
] | The approach I tend to take with questions like that, especially ones where someone asks for a very wide-ranging set of knowledge without any appreciation of the size of what they've asked for is to give them the "mile-high overview" of the various things they need to do, to help them appreciate how vast the subject they're tapping into is. I then suggest that qualified help might be a good idea or that at least they need to start by re-thinking their ambitions or breaking it down into manageable chunks at least.
We were all new once, and there's nothing wrong with asking a question where you don't even know the terms of reference the answer will come in - that's how we all learn in new areas. At the same time this site isn't a substitute for qualified on-site help and there are limits to how much knowledge someone can take on-board in one or two posts on a site like this before they reach information overload.
Where possible, I would continue with that approach. We want to encourage people to come back in the future even if the answer to today's question is "Hire someone to help you. Really." | The first thing I tend to do is to try and help the user make their question clearer and easier to read, to discourage the downvotes. If the question has value then it should be retained.
As regard to answering the question, sometimes the answer is "Get a professional in to help" If you can see from the question that the user is looking at getting themselves or their company into a lot of trouble (such as I deleted my Exchange database, help!) then the best course of action is to make them see how much of a problem this is, and the best way for them to get out of this situation.
That said, if the question is not a critical problem, and the user would gain from learning how to solve this problem, then why not help them with their education. We all had to start somewhere, often this starting point was with the water way above our heads. |
1,127 | We see a fairly steady stream of questions by people who for one reason or another find themselves having to do a sysadmin's work but have no experience or qualifications whatsoever. Very often they are simply the only person who knows where the on/off switch is and so are deemed to be the best qualified of those available.
Their questions make it clear they are way out of their depth and often the best advise that can be given to them is to seek the services of someone who knows what they're doing. Their questions are also generally very poorly worded, at least in a technical sense, and tend to get seriously downvoted. Plus, it's often clear that they would not cope with a properly detailed technical answer.
Despite all that, these people are being paid to do the job and so are in the strictest sense professionals.
**As a moderator**, how would you react to such questions if they have not previously been flagged for moderator attention? | 2011/01/21 | [
"https://meta.serverfault.com/questions/1127",
"https://meta.serverfault.com",
"https://meta.serverfault.com/users/9278/"
] | The approach I tend to take with questions like that, especially ones where someone asks for a very wide-ranging set of knowledge without any appreciation of the size of what they've asked for is to give them the "mile-high overview" of the various things they need to do, to help them appreciate how vast the subject they're tapping into is. I then suggest that qualified help might be a good idea or that at least they need to start by re-thinking their ambitions or breaking it down into manageable chunks at least.
We were all new once, and there's nothing wrong with asking a question where you don't even know the terms of reference the answer will come in - that's how we all learn in new areas. At the same time this site isn't a substitute for qualified on-site help and there are limits to how much knowledge someone can take on-board in one or two posts on a site like this before they reach information overload.
Where possible, I would continue with that approach. We want to encourage people to come back in the future even if the answer to today's question is "Hire someone to help you. Really." | Whether it's been flagged or not, if it seemed like a legitimate question, but one that needs much clarifying, that's what comments are for. If it's been flagged or gotten some close votes that I didn't agree with, again, a comment is appropriate.
For questions that seemed to me to be clearly bad (ones that are very close to meeting "Not a real question"), I'm honestly not sure what I'd do. It's one thing to be able to cast one of 5 votes to close, and to post a link to the Vote To Close chat room, but it's a much swifter, stronger response to just step in and close it in one step as a moderator. If I were elected, I would initially be more cautious and simply comment (not close) and pay closer attention to which cries for help could be turned into answerable questions, and which ones were most likely going to be ignored. |
1,127 | We see a fairly steady stream of questions by people who for one reason or another find themselves having to do a sysadmin's work but have no experience or qualifications whatsoever. Very often they are simply the only person who knows where the on/off switch is and so are deemed to be the best qualified of those available.
Their questions make it clear they are way out of their depth and often the best advise that can be given to them is to seek the services of someone who knows what they're doing. Their questions are also generally very poorly worded, at least in a technical sense, and tend to get seriously downvoted. Plus, it's often clear that they would not cope with a properly detailed technical answer.
Despite all that, these people are being paid to do the job and so are in the strictest sense professionals.
**As a moderator**, how would you react to such questions if they have not previously been flagged for moderator attention? | 2011/01/21 | [
"https://meta.serverfault.com/questions/1127",
"https://meta.serverfault.com",
"https://meta.serverfault.com/users/9278/"
] | These kinds of questions are fundamentally problematic. The best of the lot are those who cop to their complete newness and are just looking for clue. They sound a lot like this:
>
> I'm the developer for this company. The last guy set up the server, but he left a year ago, which means I'm all they have. I am not a system-administrator, but I get to be one now. Right now our application isn't working. It looks like Tomcat is completely locked up somehow, and a reboot isn't fixing it. That's about as far as I can get. Help?
>
>
>
This is a question being asked in good faith, and in distress.
They're also the kind of question where the sheer weight of the troubleshooting contingency tree threatens to topple over and crush my answer under a whacking big pile of words.
These are the questions that benefit most from the Q/A/Q/A/Q/A/Q/A/Q/A style encouraged by forums. Since we're Q/AAAA, it's a poor fit for their needs. Some data can be teased out through long comment threads, but the bigger they grow and the more edits the original question earns, the uglier the entire thing gets (Qcccccccccccc/AcccccccAccAccccccc), and it gets even less useful for posterity.
As a user I only touch these questions if they're close enough to my deep competencies that I can handle the training and troubleshooting required, and the time.
Being a *moderator* changes the dynamic. If the question has survived long enough to be seen by some of our $Technology experts (it helps to know the active users!) and hasn't been flagged, it's time to give the questioner at least *some* engagement. Ignored questions are bad overall. Then post a comment asking for more information. If I don't get one, then it's a drive-by and I have no problems closing the question.
If I get a response I'll have a better gauge for their skill levels. Are they a Pee-Wee? Do they have some grind? If the question still hasn't gotten attention from an area expert, it's clear that it isn't likely to get any. At that point, urging them to find paid help becomes more urgent because we can't help them. It's always hard to tell someone, "I'm sorry, I'm afraid I can't help you," but as a Mod it becomes my job to do that out loud. | The first thing I tend to do is to try and help the user make their question clearer and easier to read, to discourage the downvotes. If the question has value then it should be retained.
As regard to answering the question, sometimes the answer is "Get a professional in to help" If you can see from the question that the user is looking at getting themselves or their company into a lot of trouble (such as I deleted my Exchange database, help!) then the best course of action is to make them see how much of a problem this is, and the best way for them to get out of this situation.
That said, if the question is not a critical problem, and the user would gain from learning how to solve this problem, then why not help them with their education. We all had to start somewhere, often this starting point was with the water way above our heads. |
1,127 | We see a fairly steady stream of questions by people who for one reason or another find themselves having to do a sysadmin's work but have no experience or qualifications whatsoever. Very often they are simply the only person who knows where the on/off switch is and so are deemed to be the best qualified of those available.
Their questions make it clear they are way out of their depth and often the best advise that can be given to them is to seek the services of someone who knows what they're doing. Their questions are also generally very poorly worded, at least in a technical sense, and tend to get seriously downvoted. Plus, it's often clear that they would not cope with a properly detailed technical answer.
Despite all that, these people are being paid to do the job and so are in the strictest sense professionals.
**As a moderator**, how would you react to such questions if they have not previously been flagged for moderator attention? | 2011/01/21 | [
"https://meta.serverfault.com/questions/1127",
"https://meta.serverfault.com",
"https://meta.serverfault.com/users/9278/"
] | The first thing I tend to do is to try and help the user make their question clearer and easier to read, to discourage the downvotes. If the question has value then it should be retained.
As regard to answering the question, sometimes the answer is "Get a professional in to help" If you can see from the question that the user is looking at getting themselves or their company into a lot of trouble (such as I deleted my Exchange database, help!) then the best course of action is to make them see how much of a problem this is, and the best way for them to get out of this situation.
That said, if the question is not a critical problem, and the user would gain from learning how to solve this problem, then why not help them with their education. We all had to start somewhere, often this starting point was with the water way above our heads. | Whether it's been flagged or not, if it seemed like a legitimate question, but one that needs much clarifying, that's what comments are for. If it's been flagged or gotten some close votes that I didn't agree with, again, a comment is appropriate.
For questions that seemed to me to be clearly bad (ones that are very close to meeting "Not a real question"), I'm honestly not sure what I'd do. It's one thing to be able to cast one of 5 votes to close, and to post a link to the Vote To Close chat room, but it's a much swifter, stronger response to just step in and close it in one step as a moderator. If I were elected, I would initially be more cautious and simply comment (not close) and pay closer attention to which cries for help could be turned into answerable questions, and which ones were most likely going to be ignored. |
1,127 | We see a fairly steady stream of questions by people who for one reason or another find themselves having to do a sysadmin's work but have no experience or qualifications whatsoever. Very often they are simply the only person who knows where the on/off switch is and so are deemed to be the best qualified of those available.
Their questions make it clear they are way out of their depth and often the best advise that can be given to them is to seek the services of someone who knows what they're doing. Their questions are also generally very poorly worded, at least in a technical sense, and tend to get seriously downvoted. Plus, it's often clear that they would not cope with a properly detailed technical answer.
Despite all that, these people are being paid to do the job and so are in the strictest sense professionals.
**As a moderator**, how would you react to such questions if they have not previously been flagged for moderator attention? | 2011/01/21 | [
"https://meta.serverfault.com/questions/1127",
"https://meta.serverfault.com",
"https://meta.serverfault.com/users/9278/"
] | These kinds of questions are fundamentally problematic. The best of the lot are those who cop to their complete newness and are just looking for clue. They sound a lot like this:
>
> I'm the developer for this company. The last guy set up the server, but he left a year ago, which means I'm all they have. I am not a system-administrator, but I get to be one now. Right now our application isn't working. It looks like Tomcat is completely locked up somehow, and a reboot isn't fixing it. That's about as far as I can get. Help?
>
>
>
This is a question being asked in good faith, and in distress.
They're also the kind of question where the sheer weight of the troubleshooting contingency tree threatens to topple over and crush my answer under a whacking big pile of words.
These are the questions that benefit most from the Q/A/Q/A/Q/A/Q/A/Q/A style encouraged by forums. Since we're Q/AAAA, it's a poor fit for their needs. Some data can be teased out through long comment threads, but the bigger they grow and the more edits the original question earns, the uglier the entire thing gets (Qcccccccccccc/AcccccccAccAccccccc), and it gets even less useful for posterity.
As a user I only touch these questions if they're close enough to my deep competencies that I can handle the training and troubleshooting required, and the time.
Being a *moderator* changes the dynamic. If the question has survived long enough to be seen by some of our $Technology experts (it helps to know the active users!) and hasn't been flagged, it's time to give the questioner at least *some* engagement. Ignored questions are bad overall. Then post a comment asking for more information. If I don't get one, then it's a drive-by and I have no problems closing the question.
If I get a response I'll have a better gauge for their skill levels. Are they a Pee-Wee? Do they have some grind? If the question still hasn't gotten attention from an area expert, it's clear that it isn't likely to get any. At that point, urging them to find paid help becomes more urgent because we can't help them. It's always hard to tell someone, "I'm sorry, I'm afraid I can't help you," but as a Mod it becomes my job to do that out loud. | Whether it's been flagged or not, if it seemed like a legitimate question, but one that needs much clarifying, that's what comments are for. If it's been flagged or gotten some close votes that I didn't agree with, again, a comment is appropriate.
For questions that seemed to me to be clearly bad (ones that are very close to meeting "Not a real question"), I'm honestly not sure what I'd do. It's one thing to be able to cast one of 5 votes to close, and to post a link to the Vote To Close chat room, but it's a much swifter, stronger response to just step in and close it in one step as a moderator. If I were elected, I would initially be more cautious and simply comment (not close) and pay closer attention to which cries for help could be turned into answerable questions, and which ones were most likely going to be ignored. |
48,963 | This is a bonsai fig tree, which I bought maybe two months ago. As you can see in this photo, it's losing leaves at a good clip:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/E4crT.jpg)
However, a closer look shows that it's also sending up branch extensions (probably not the correct term) with new leaves:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Bf9AH.jpg)
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/jhI9P.jpg)
So what's going on here? For context, I try to stay on top of the watering, but the tree drinks unpredictably, so I'm never sure when I'm going to find the soil dried out. There's a fluorescent grow light overhead, lit eight hours a day.
What, if anything, does the tree need? | 2020/01/01 | [
"https://gardening.stackexchange.com/questions/48963",
"https://gardening.stackexchange.com",
"https://gardening.stackexchange.com/users/26518/"
] | Growing mushrooms is not trivial; that is why until about 1980 only one was grown commercially in US ( Agaricus sp.). Shiitake grow on oak naturally and the documentary I have seen growing them commercially, they were grown on oak logs. So I think you have more of a challenge than a little white glue used to make the wood pellets ( probably from pine). Equipment used to make the pellets will be about 87 to 99% iron/steel. Such cutting tools are very unlikely to have any more than about 12% Cr. Processing equipment for FDA approved food processing have much higher alloy contents. | Virtually all shitake produced indoors by amateur growers are done so on those hardwood fuel pellets. You MUST make sure that you do not inadvertently get softwood pellets as these will not work well for shitake. I have experience using them for other mushrooms (oysters and lion's mane), but not shitake, and have read quite a bit about their use. While I've seen concern about toxicity from other substrates, I've yet to see a mention of a concern for toxins in hardwood fuel pellets.
As a side note, if this is your first time growing gourmet mushrooms, you might consider doing so without any nitrogen supplement the first time. This takes a little longer and the yields will not be as great. However by keeping the substrate nitrogen poor you will be reducing the chances of contamination - which is a serious concern in supplemented substrates.
[Here is a discussion thread](https://www.shroomery.org/forums/showflat.php/Number/23417292/fpart/all/vc/1) about using softwood pellets that might give some more info. |
4,569,368 | I saw the PrimeFaces dashboard demo at [DashBoard Demo](http://www.primefaces.org/showcase/ui/dashboard.jsf). I currently have PrimeFaces 1.1 jar. Will it work or do I have to upgrade to the next version? I am using JSF 1.2 and Seam 2.0.2. | 2010/12/31 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/4569368",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/226906/"
] | My understanding is that the PrimeFaces showcase is running the latest version, i.e. 2.2.RC2. I know there were bugs with the dashboard component in 2.2.RC1 which have since been fixed in the latest release code. I would download the most recent and try to make that work. You can find lots of answers to PrimeFaces questions at their user forum primefaces.prime.com.tr/forum/. | The best you could do is to update to the last Primefaces version is not that complicated.
You can use this migrations guide to help yourself: <https://github.com/primefaces/primefaces/wiki/Migration-Guide>
Normally all the dashboard and templates are using the latest version in order to have the last implementations, also to be more compatible. |
55,273,632 | I’m working on an application that will use Google Cloud Storage to save files and I was wondering: what’s the best way to emulate it for development?
The application will run on kubernetes, and I was planning to run a development environment on my machine using Minikube (or similar). I know I can set up a different storage for development purposes but I was wondering if there was a way to avoid charges and most important to be able to work offline.
Thanks in advance | 2019/03/21 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/55273632",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1889864/"
] | You could leverage [free trial for GCP](https://cloud.google.com/free/), which gives you $300 of credit for start.
Alternatively you could use [in memory emulator](https://github.com/googleapis/google-cloud-java/blob/master/TESTING.md#on-your-machine-2) - This is just available with the java library only. | There is another alternative since a few days: <https://pypi.org/project/gcloud-storage-emulator/>
Although it is still in its early fase, it could be a viable alternative when using python. |
38,789,265 | I come into a really tough problem.
**I have a very huge repo on my server. huge means: lots of commits, branches which result in a big .git folder.**
Now I want to drop some history commits before a date in order to reduce .git folder size.
Past week, I learn a lot about git. and I find that the more i lean , the more confused I am.
**My question is:**
1. Can it really small .git size a lot by drop some history commits? as the older reversion file may be still used now .
2. if #1 true, how can I do this ? I learn to use .git/info/grafts + git filter-branch.. but every time the result is a mess. the commit line is splited to several lines because before where i cut off there are a lot of branches.
3. Even i solved splited lines,get a single line as i expect. but my git repo is a publish one, many people has cloned it and work on it. Can it possible for local repo to solve conflicts without re-clone remote handled repo?
I wish i made my question clear.
Any advice will be appreciated!!! | 2016/08/05 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/38789265",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/6631537/"
] | I can answer #1.
I highly recommend you reduce the size of the Git repo on your remote server without deleting previous commits. This is because you may need to revert to a previous commit if someone pushing a commit to your Git repo makes an error.
**To reduce the size of your Git repo on your remote server:**
1. Navigate to your Git repo in your shell (command line tool).
2. Type in the commands below in your shell, pressing **Enter** on your keyboard after each line. **These commands will remove any references to deleted Git branches and reduce your Git repo size.**
git reflog expire --all --expire=now
git gc --prune=now --aggressive | The command **git filter-branch --tree-filter 'rm -f ' HEAD** should help you with the requieed. |
38,789,265 | I come into a really tough problem.
**I have a very huge repo on my server. huge means: lots of commits, branches which result in a big .git folder.**
Now I want to drop some history commits before a date in order to reduce .git folder size.
Past week, I learn a lot about git. and I find that the more i lean , the more confused I am.
**My question is:**
1. Can it really small .git size a lot by drop some history commits? as the older reversion file may be still used now .
2. if #1 true, how can I do this ? I learn to use .git/info/grafts + git filter-branch.. but every time the result is a mess. the commit line is splited to several lines because before where i cut off there are a lot of branches.
3. Even i solved splited lines,get a single line as i expect. but my git repo is a publish one, many people has cloned it and work on it. Can it possible for local repo to solve conflicts without re-clone remote handled repo?
I wish i made my question clear.
Any advice will be appreciated!!! | 2016/08/05 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/38789265",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/6631537/"
] | I can answer #1.
I highly recommend you reduce the size of the Git repo on your remote server without deleting previous commits. This is because you may need to revert to a previous commit if someone pushing a commit to your Git repo makes an error.
**To reduce the size of your Git repo on your remote server:**
1. Navigate to your Git repo in your shell (command line tool).
2. Type in the commands below in your shell, pressing **Enter** on your keyboard after each line. **These commands will remove any references to deleted Git branches and reduce your Git repo size.**
git reflog expire --all --expire=now
git gc --prune=now --aggressive | You can also try to just reset to limit the number of commits you have. Or git revert if you want to do it more safely:
git reset
Take a look at <https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/undoing-changes/git-reset>; Except where otherwise noted, all content is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Australia License. |
613,995 | Last year I got a new Western Digital WD Blue 500GB HDD to replace my old drive. The first thing I did was to install latest Windows 8. While installing Windows 8 I created 3 partitions, C drive for the OS and others for storage. The OS partition is 120GB (which at the time I thought would be plenty big) but I'm now realizing its too small! I wonder if it's possible to re-size HDD partition without reformatting and re-install my Windows 8. So that is my question, Can i enlarge os c drive of my windows 8 without having to re-format?
I've used the Norton Partition Magic and Disk Management to make this happen but there doesn't seem to be any options to make it happen. Thanks for any help you guys can give regarding my question. I've worked hard to optimize my current install of Windows 8 and would hate to start all over again. | 2013/07/01 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/613995",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/-1/"
] | Computer 1 has hard drive issues.
Computer 2 had motherboard issues.
You took the hard drive from computer 2, and tried to use it in computer 1. You used third party software to erase the hard drive and create, as you say...
>
> 1 partition (or no partition)
>
>
>
... but you aren't actually sure whether you created a partition or not.
Insert your Windows 7 installation CD. Follow the prompts to allow the Windows 7 installer to wipe the hard disk and create any partitions necessary. That means when you hit the screen in the installation process that wants to know what partition you want to install to, choose the Custom Options link at the bottom right. Then, select all the existing partitions, and Delete them. Make sure the only thing left in the list is "Disk 0 Unallocated Space". Select that, and hit Next. This will allow the Windows installer to create the partition it needs, and to format it properly.
If there are no issues with the Ram in Computer 1, and there are no issues with the installation disc, Windows should then install without issue. | Zero-filling the drive or secure erasing it or deleting all partitions will not affect the installation media. Either there's a problem with your DVD, or the drive is having problems reading the disc. Try again with a known good disc, or else if the DVD drive's bad use something like [Rufus](http://rufus.akeo.ie) to transfer the contents of the DVD to a USB stick and boot from that instead. |
613,995 | Last year I got a new Western Digital WD Blue 500GB HDD to replace my old drive. The first thing I did was to install latest Windows 8. While installing Windows 8 I created 3 partitions, C drive for the OS and others for storage. The OS partition is 120GB (which at the time I thought would be plenty big) but I'm now realizing its too small! I wonder if it's possible to re-size HDD partition without reformatting and re-install my Windows 8. So that is my question, Can i enlarge os c drive of my windows 8 without having to re-format?
I've used the Norton Partition Magic and Disk Management to make this happen but there doesn't seem to be any options to make it happen. Thanks for any help you guys can give regarding my question. I've worked hard to optimize my current install of Windows 8 and would hate to start all over again. | 2013/07/01 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/613995",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/-1/"
] | Computer 1 has hard drive issues.
Computer 2 had motherboard issues.
You took the hard drive from computer 2, and tried to use it in computer 1. You used third party software to erase the hard drive and create, as you say...
>
> 1 partition (or no partition)
>
>
>
... but you aren't actually sure whether you created a partition or not.
Insert your Windows 7 installation CD. Follow the prompts to allow the Windows 7 installer to wipe the hard disk and create any partitions necessary. That means when you hit the screen in the installation process that wants to know what partition you want to install to, choose the Custom Options link at the bottom right. Then, select all the existing partitions, and Delete them. Make sure the only thing left in the list is "Disk 0 Unallocated Space". Select that, and hit Next. This will allow the Windows installer to create the partition it needs, and to format it properly.
If there are no issues with the Ram in Computer 1, and there are no issues with the installation disc, Windows should then install without issue. | refer to this [link](https://superuser.com/questions/606500/will-installing-windows-format-the-disk/606550#606550). the partition you created using partition magic will be having any issues. |
613,995 | Last year I got a new Western Digital WD Blue 500GB HDD to replace my old drive. The first thing I did was to install latest Windows 8. While installing Windows 8 I created 3 partitions, C drive for the OS and others for storage. The OS partition is 120GB (which at the time I thought would be plenty big) but I'm now realizing its too small! I wonder if it's possible to re-size HDD partition without reformatting and re-install my Windows 8. So that is my question, Can i enlarge os c drive of my windows 8 without having to re-format?
I've used the Norton Partition Magic and Disk Management to make this happen but there doesn't seem to be any options to make it happen. Thanks for any help you guys can give regarding my question. I've worked hard to optimize my current install of Windows 8 and would hate to start all over again. | 2013/07/01 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/613995",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/-1/"
] | Computer 1 has hard drive issues.
Computer 2 had motherboard issues.
You took the hard drive from computer 2, and tried to use it in computer 1. You used third party software to erase the hard drive and create, as you say...
>
> 1 partition (or no partition)
>
>
>
... but you aren't actually sure whether you created a partition or not.
Insert your Windows 7 installation CD. Follow the prompts to allow the Windows 7 installer to wipe the hard disk and create any partitions necessary. That means when you hit the screen in the installation process that wants to know what partition you want to install to, choose the Custom Options link at the bottom right. Then, select all the existing partitions, and Delete them. Make sure the only thing left in the list is "Disk 0 Unallocated Space". Select that, and hit Next. This will allow the Windows installer to create the partition it needs, and to format it properly.
If there are no issues with the Ram in Computer 1, and there are no issues with the installation disc, Windows should then install without issue. | You may be trying to install windows from a windows upgrade disk, which only lets you install to somewhere that already has windows on it.
You may need to find a different (or even old version) windows disc to install from first, and then install Windows 7.
I think I read somewhere that the Windows 7 upgrade EULA does not prohibit the use of a Windows 7 evaluation version being the previous version of windows that you are upgrading from. But I don't buy upgrade versions of windows so I haven't checked that EULA. |
938,457 | Tried logging in aws through this.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/rLcjE.png)
But I keep redirecting to this page
<https://portal.aws.amazon.com/billing/signup?redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Faws.amazon.com%2Fregistration-confirmation#/start>
The password and credentials is correct.
Because first I entered an old password and I got password incorrect and had to reset the password.
Tried loggin in in-cognito as well. Still no luck.
Not able to sign in.
Where have I gone wrong?
Please do help. | 2018/11/03 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/938457",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/488971/"
] | **Guess 1:** you haven't *completed the whole sign-up procedure*:
* Phone verification
* Payment methods
* Contact details
* Etc.
Follow the prompts and it will take you through the account setup process.
**Guess 2:** you are logging in with *incorrect root account email*. Double check that it's indeed the one you used for signing up before. The registration emails should show the one you signed up with.
**Guess 3:** *browser caching problem*. Try logging in from “incognito” / “privacy” mode in your browser or from a different browser.
(based on the comments below) **Guess 4:** something *else* is broken :) Sign up with a different email address and once you've got a working AWS account go to *Support -> Billing/Account support* and work with AWS Support team to either regain access to the other account or to bring the original email address over to this new one. Billing/Account support is free and doesn't need a support subscription.
However I don't see why signing up under a different email would be a problem. But that's up to you how much trouble you're ready to go through to use the one and only email address you decided to use. It may be far easier to just use a different one.
Hope that helps :) | I know this is old but for the benefit of anyone who stumbles on this problem, after clearing cookies, deleting all my history and even trying on a different machine and on my phone..... using in incognito window in Chrome worked perfectly. |
172,341 | Does this slang originate from half asked, since the difinition means exactly that. You only did half what I asked you. | 2014/05/22 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/172341",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/77054/"
] | By far the earliest instance of "half-assed" that a Google Books search turns up is from Thomas O'Brien & Oliver Diefendorf, *[General Orders of the [U.S.] War Department, Embracing the Years 1861, 1862 & 1863](http://books.google.com/books?id=AdsSAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA234&dq=%22half+assed%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=FNJ_U-maPM_roASW44KgCg&ved=0CD8Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=%22half%20assed%22&f=false)*, volume 2 (1864), reporting on the court-martial of Captain John H. Behan on February 19, 1863:
>
> Charge I.—"Conduct to the prejudice of good order and military discipline."
>
>
> *Specification 1st.*—"In this ; that he, the said Captain John H. Behan, Company F, 16th Regiment Virginia Volunteers, while on duty in camp, on or about the 12th day of December, 1862, did use abusive and grossly insulting language to Joseph B. Hamilton, 2d Lieutenant of said Company F, before and in the presence of said Company F, while he, the said Joseph B. Hamilton, was on duty and was acting Adjutant of said 16th Regiment Virginia Volunteers, in words as follows, to wit: '**There goes our half-assed Adjutant** ;' which was calculated to impair and weaken the influence and control of said Lieutenant Joseph B. Hamilton as Adjutant of said regiment, and also his influence and control over said Company. All this at or near Miner's Hill, Virginia, on or about the 12th day of December, 1862."
>
>
>
The captain was found Not Guilty on this charge, but Guilty on unrelated charges of having knowingly accepted a stolen sword from another soldier and of having refused to return to yet another soldier a sum of about $34 placed in his trust by that soldier.
The next instance of *half-assed*/*halfassed* that the search finds is from 1934, in Josephine Herbst, [The Executioner Waits](http://books.google.com/books?id=xNBaAAAAMAAJ&q=%22halfassed%22&dq=%22halfassed%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Udd_U9eXL9L8oATD5ICoDA&ved=0CDgQ6AEwAQ), where the closed-up form occurs at least twice. Here is one of them [snippet]:
>
> He hardly listened to Jonathan until he caught the words, "And what I'm going to do is just light out, go to New York. I'm sick of these **halfassed** towns."
>
>
>
Numerous instances of *half-assed* turn up in search results from the late 1930s forward.
The first instance of *half-arsed*/*halfarsed* that the search turns up is from John Simon, *[Movies into Film: Film Criticism, 1967–1970](http://books.google.com/books?id=AYFZAAAAMAAJ&q=%22halfarsed%22&dq=%22halfarsed%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=lNp_U8SYOYzboASrvoL4Dg&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAA)* (1971) [series of snippets]:
>
> The story, as everyone knows, concerns Myron Breckinridge, who, after a Scandinavian operation, becomes Myra. Equipped with physical beauty, knowledge from within of both sexes, and expertise in Hollywood lore, she sets out to capture both the men and the women of filmland today, and tomorrow the world. The movie turns all this into a dream, and cleans up the comically lewd incidents by reducing comedy to oafishness and lewdness to suggestive smirking. That kind of deliberately halfhearted — or, in this context, **halfarsed** — cleaning up is the real dishonesty, the real smuttiness of the enterprise. For the sexual acts are now performed by half-clothed Barbie dolls with carefully castrating camera angles, and if the dirtiness is not for real, it must be for dirty.
>
>
>
Interestingly, three useful collections from the period 1890–1915—Farmer & Henley, *[Slang and Its Analogues](http://books.google.com/books?id=n7FZAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false)*, Fla–Hyps (1893), Barre & Leland, *[Dictionary of Slang, Jargon & Cant](http://books.google.com/books?id=0JsOAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA295&dq=%22ding+bat%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=urpaU8vuNsShyASkvILoCA&ved=0CE8Q6AEwBjgU#v=onepage&q=%22ding%20bat%22&f=false)*, A–K (1897), and Thornton, *[An American Glossary](http://books.google.com/books?id=mZASAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22Dialect+Notes%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ItRaU7fjD4ajyATblYGgAQ&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAThk#v=onepage&q=%22Dialect%20Notes%22&f=false)*, A–L (1912)—have no entry for either *half-assed* or *half-arsed*, despite the fact that the term clearly had been in use since at least 1862. Farmer & Henley is by no means squeamish about reporting on naughty words, so I find the term's absence there particularly baffling; I don't know how much the other two books may have been influenced by considerations of propriety.
[Merriam Webster's Online](http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/half-assed), by the way, traces *half-assed* only to "circa 1932." Can the term really have gone underground for 70 years? | This might not explain its origin as much as its popularity, but as I noted in a comment, "half-assed"/"half-arsed" is of a piece (groan ;)) with lots of other idioms in which
inadequacy = not having one's full complement of body parts, as in
*She's cruel; she has only half a heart; she's heartless.*
*He's got half the brains she does.*
*He's a eunuch./Grow a pair!*
There is also
inadequacy = not having one's body parts properly arranged, as in
*That whole thing's ass backwards* (or *bass ackwards*.)
*He has two left feet.*
*Her head's not screwed on right.* etc. |
172,341 | Does this slang originate from half asked, since the difinition means exactly that. You only did half what I asked you. | 2014/05/22 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/172341",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/77054/"
] | By far the earliest instance of "half-assed" that a Google Books search turns up is from Thomas O'Brien & Oliver Diefendorf, *[General Orders of the [U.S.] War Department, Embracing the Years 1861, 1862 & 1863](http://books.google.com/books?id=AdsSAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA234&dq=%22half+assed%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=FNJ_U-maPM_roASW44KgCg&ved=0CD8Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=%22half%20assed%22&f=false)*, volume 2 (1864), reporting on the court-martial of Captain John H. Behan on February 19, 1863:
>
> Charge I.—"Conduct to the prejudice of good order and military discipline."
>
>
> *Specification 1st.*—"In this ; that he, the said Captain John H. Behan, Company F, 16th Regiment Virginia Volunteers, while on duty in camp, on or about the 12th day of December, 1862, did use abusive and grossly insulting language to Joseph B. Hamilton, 2d Lieutenant of said Company F, before and in the presence of said Company F, while he, the said Joseph B. Hamilton, was on duty and was acting Adjutant of said 16th Regiment Virginia Volunteers, in words as follows, to wit: '**There goes our half-assed Adjutant** ;' which was calculated to impair and weaken the influence and control of said Lieutenant Joseph B. Hamilton as Adjutant of said regiment, and also his influence and control over said Company. All this at or near Miner's Hill, Virginia, on or about the 12th day of December, 1862."
>
>
>
The captain was found Not Guilty on this charge, but Guilty on unrelated charges of having knowingly accepted a stolen sword from another soldier and of having refused to return to yet another soldier a sum of about $34 placed in his trust by that soldier.
The next instance of *half-assed*/*halfassed* that the search finds is from 1934, in Josephine Herbst, [The Executioner Waits](http://books.google.com/books?id=xNBaAAAAMAAJ&q=%22halfassed%22&dq=%22halfassed%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Udd_U9eXL9L8oATD5ICoDA&ved=0CDgQ6AEwAQ), where the closed-up form occurs at least twice. Here is one of them [snippet]:
>
> He hardly listened to Jonathan until he caught the words, "And what I'm going to do is just light out, go to New York. I'm sick of these **halfassed** towns."
>
>
>
Numerous instances of *half-assed* turn up in search results from the late 1930s forward.
The first instance of *half-arsed*/*halfarsed* that the search turns up is from John Simon, *[Movies into Film: Film Criticism, 1967–1970](http://books.google.com/books?id=AYFZAAAAMAAJ&q=%22halfarsed%22&dq=%22halfarsed%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=lNp_U8SYOYzboASrvoL4Dg&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAA)* (1971) [series of snippets]:
>
> The story, as everyone knows, concerns Myron Breckinridge, who, after a Scandinavian operation, becomes Myra. Equipped with physical beauty, knowledge from within of both sexes, and expertise in Hollywood lore, she sets out to capture both the men and the women of filmland today, and tomorrow the world. The movie turns all this into a dream, and cleans up the comically lewd incidents by reducing comedy to oafishness and lewdness to suggestive smirking. That kind of deliberately halfhearted — or, in this context, **halfarsed** — cleaning up is the real dishonesty, the real smuttiness of the enterprise. For the sexual acts are now performed by half-clothed Barbie dolls with carefully castrating camera angles, and if the dirtiness is not for real, it must be for dirty.
>
>
>
Interestingly, three useful collections from the period 1890–1915—Farmer & Henley, *[Slang and Its Analogues](http://books.google.com/books?id=n7FZAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false)*, Fla–Hyps (1893), Barre & Leland, *[Dictionary of Slang, Jargon & Cant](http://books.google.com/books?id=0JsOAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA295&dq=%22ding+bat%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=urpaU8vuNsShyASkvILoCA&ved=0CE8Q6AEwBjgU#v=onepage&q=%22ding%20bat%22&f=false)*, A–K (1897), and Thornton, *[An American Glossary](http://books.google.com/books?id=mZASAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22Dialect+Notes%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ItRaU7fjD4ajyATblYGgAQ&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAThk#v=onepage&q=%22Dialect%20Notes%22&f=false)*, A–L (1912)—have no entry for either *half-assed* or *half-arsed*, despite the fact that the term clearly had been in use since at least 1862. Farmer & Henley is by no means squeamish about reporting on naughty words, so I find the term's absence there particularly baffling; I don't know how much the other two books may have been influenced by considerations of propriety.
[Merriam Webster's Online](http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/half-assed), by the way, traces *half-assed* only to "circa 1932." Can the term really have gone underground for 70 years? | Mules and other load hauling animals are usually used in pairs. To harness only one mule (or donkey or ASS) is to be underprepared (perhaps incapable) of the task ahead.
Hence half-assed or one-assed means incompetent. |
172,341 | Does this slang originate from half asked, since the difinition means exactly that. You only did half what I asked you. | 2014/05/22 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/172341",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/77054/"
] | This might not explain its origin as much as its popularity, but as I noted in a comment, "half-assed"/"half-arsed" is of a piece (groan ;)) with lots of other idioms in which
inadequacy = not having one's full complement of body parts, as in
*She's cruel; she has only half a heart; she's heartless.*
*He's got half the brains she does.*
*He's a eunuch./Grow a pair!*
There is also
inadequacy = not having one's body parts properly arranged, as in
*That whole thing's ass backwards* (or *bass ackwards*.)
*He has two left feet.*
*Her head's not screwed on right.* etc. | Mules and other load hauling animals are usually used in pairs. To harness only one mule (or donkey or ASS) is to be underprepared (perhaps incapable) of the task ahead.
Hence half-assed or one-assed means incompetent. |
172,341 | Does this slang originate from half asked, since the difinition means exactly that. You only did half what I asked you. | 2014/05/22 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/172341",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/77054/"
] | By far the earliest instance of "half-assed" that a Google Books search turns up is from Thomas O'Brien & Oliver Diefendorf, *[General Orders of the [U.S.] War Department, Embracing the Years 1861, 1862 & 1863](http://books.google.com/books?id=AdsSAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA234&dq=%22half+assed%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=FNJ_U-maPM_roASW44KgCg&ved=0CD8Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=%22half%20assed%22&f=false)*, volume 2 (1864), reporting on the court-martial of Captain John H. Behan on February 19, 1863:
>
> Charge I.—"Conduct to the prejudice of good order and military discipline."
>
>
> *Specification 1st.*—"In this ; that he, the said Captain John H. Behan, Company F, 16th Regiment Virginia Volunteers, while on duty in camp, on or about the 12th day of December, 1862, did use abusive and grossly insulting language to Joseph B. Hamilton, 2d Lieutenant of said Company F, before and in the presence of said Company F, while he, the said Joseph B. Hamilton, was on duty and was acting Adjutant of said 16th Regiment Virginia Volunteers, in words as follows, to wit: '**There goes our half-assed Adjutant** ;' which was calculated to impair and weaken the influence and control of said Lieutenant Joseph B. Hamilton as Adjutant of said regiment, and also his influence and control over said Company. All this at or near Miner's Hill, Virginia, on or about the 12th day of December, 1862."
>
>
>
The captain was found Not Guilty on this charge, but Guilty on unrelated charges of having knowingly accepted a stolen sword from another soldier and of having refused to return to yet another soldier a sum of about $34 placed in his trust by that soldier.
The next instance of *half-assed*/*halfassed* that the search finds is from 1934, in Josephine Herbst, [The Executioner Waits](http://books.google.com/books?id=xNBaAAAAMAAJ&q=%22halfassed%22&dq=%22halfassed%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Udd_U9eXL9L8oATD5ICoDA&ved=0CDgQ6AEwAQ), where the closed-up form occurs at least twice. Here is one of them [snippet]:
>
> He hardly listened to Jonathan until he caught the words, "And what I'm going to do is just light out, go to New York. I'm sick of these **halfassed** towns."
>
>
>
Numerous instances of *half-assed* turn up in search results from the late 1930s forward.
The first instance of *half-arsed*/*halfarsed* that the search turns up is from John Simon, *[Movies into Film: Film Criticism, 1967–1970](http://books.google.com/books?id=AYFZAAAAMAAJ&q=%22halfarsed%22&dq=%22halfarsed%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=lNp_U8SYOYzboASrvoL4Dg&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAA)* (1971) [series of snippets]:
>
> The story, as everyone knows, concerns Myron Breckinridge, who, after a Scandinavian operation, becomes Myra. Equipped with physical beauty, knowledge from within of both sexes, and expertise in Hollywood lore, she sets out to capture both the men and the women of filmland today, and tomorrow the world. The movie turns all this into a dream, and cleans up the comically lewd incidents by reducing comedy to oafishness and lewdness to suggestive smirking. That kind of deliberately halfhearted — or, in this context, **halfarsed** — cleaning up is the real dishonesty, the real smuttiness of the enterprise. For the sexual acts are now performed by half-clothed Barbie dolls with carefully castrating camera angles, and if the dirtiness is not for real, it must be for dirty.
>
>
>
Interestingly, three useful collections from the period 1890–1915—Farmer & Henley, *[Slang and Its Analogues](http://books.google.com/books?id=n7FZAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false)*, Fla–Hyps (1893), Barre & Leland, *[Dictionary of Slang, Jargon & Cant](http://books.google.com/books?id=0JsOAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA295&dq=%22ding+bat%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=urpaU8vuNsShyASkvILoCA&ved=0CE8Q6AEwBjgU#v=onepage&q=%22ding%20bat%22&f=false)*, A–K (1897), and Thornton, *[An American Glossary](http://books.google.com/books?id=mZASAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22Dialect+Notes%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ItRaU7fjD4ajyATblYGgAQ&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAThk#v=onepage&q=%22Dialect%20Notes%22&f=false)*, A–L (1912)—have no entry for either *half-assed* or *half-arsed*, despite the fact that the term clearly had been in use since at least 1862. Farmer & Henley is by no means squeamish about reporting on naughty words, so I find the term's absence there particularly baffling; I don't know how much the other two books may have been influenced by considerations of propriety.
[Merriam Webster's Online](http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/half-assed), by the way, traces *half-assed* only to "circa 1932." Can the term really have gone underground for 70 years? | The origin may have been covered in other answers, but maybe not the meaning.
The “half-assed” part refers to having your pants not done up all the way yet, with half your ass showing. If you are in that state, you are likely to be unprepared for the day’s tasks and generally incompetent.
So the admonition:
>
> Don’t go off half-assed.
>
>
>
… reminds you to stop, prepare, then go off and do a task successfully. |
172,341 | Does this slang originate from half asked, since the difinition means exactly that. You only did half what I asked you. | 2014/05/22 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/172341",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/77054/"
] | The origin may have been covered in other answers, but maybe not the meaning.
The “half-assed” part refers to having your pants not done up all the way yet, with half your ass showing. If you are in that state, you are likely to be unprepared for the day’s tasks and generally incompetent.
So the admonition:
>
> Don’t go off half-assed.
>
>
>
… reminds you to stop, prepare, then go off and do a task successfully. | The story I've heard is that the term comes from half-adzed. As in, the woodworker only used the adz on the front half of a piece, so it is only half done. It makes sence but I can't confirm it. Here are a few references: [Half Adzed](http://hpiresults.com/index.php/insight/item/138-half-adzed),
[The Woodwrights Guide](http://books.google.com/books?id=8Y2uAAH3YqoC&pg=PA19&lpg=PA19&dq=half%20adzed&source=bl&ots=VIkyzGPXmZ&sig=0joi9GPiPOxmf60G8MFJzwy_4eo&hl=en&sa=X&ei=rnqDVPGVBMGsogTWroHwBQ&ved=0CC4Q6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=half%20adzed&f=false) |
172,341 | Does this slang originate from half asked, since the difinition means exactly that. You only did half what I asked you. | 2014/05/22 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/172341",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/77054/"
] | The origin may have been covered in other answers, but maybe not the meaning.
The “half-assed” part refers to having your pants not done up all the way yet, with half your ass showing. If you are in that state, you are likely to be unprepared for the day’s tasks and generally incompetent.
So the admonition:
>
> Don’t go off half-assed.
>
>
>
… reminds you to stop, prepare, then go off and do a task successfully. | Within a translation of a greek joke book ([Philolegos: The Laugh Addict](http://publishing.yudu.com/Library/Au7bv/PhilogelosTheLaughAd/)) estimated to have been written around 400 CE, there is a joke that paraphrased goes like this: An Abderite man who owes someone an ass but doesn't have one to pay his debt asks if he can give two half-asses instead.
Based on the other jokes about Abderites they are from a particular region of Greece whose residents were portrayed as stupid and deformed, similar to cretins. If I understand the joke it is that this person does not own an ass but is so associated with half-assedness that he has plenty of that to pay with. If that is a correct interpretation then the term half-assed was in common use since at least the late period of the Roman empire. |
172,341 | Does this slang originate from half asked, since the difinition means exactly that. You only did half what I asked you. | 2014/05/22 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/172341",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/77054/"
] | This might not explain its origin as much as its popularity, but as I noted in a comment, "half-assed"/"half-arsed" is of a piece (groan ;)) with lots of other idioms in which
inadequacy = not having one's full complement of body parts, as in
*She's cruel; she has only half a heart; she's heartless.*
*He's got half the brains she does.*
*He's a eunuch./Grow a pair!*
There is also
inadequacy = not having one's body parts properly arranged, as in
*That whole thing's ass backwards* (or *bass ackwards*.)
*He has two left feet.*
*Her head's not screwed on right.* etc. | The story I've heard is that the term comes from half-adzed. As in, the woodworker only used the adz on the front half of a piece, so it is only half done. It makes sence but I can't confirm it. Here are a few references: [Half Adzed](http://hpiresults.com/index.php/insight/item/138-half-adzed),
[The Woodwrights Guide](http://books.google.com/books?id=8Y2uAAH3YqoC&pg=PA19&lpg=PA19&dq=half%20adzed&source=bl&ots=VIkyzGPXmZ&sig=0joi9GPiPOxmf60G8MFJzwy_4eo&hl=en&sa=X&ei=rnqDVPGVBMGsogTWroHwBQ&ved=0CC4Q6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=half%20adzed&f=false) |
172,341 | Does this slang originate from half asked, since the difinition means exactly that. You only did half what I asked you. | 2014/05/22 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/172341",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/77054/"
] | By far the earliest instance of "half-assed" that a Google Books search turns up is from Thomas O'Brien & Oliver Diefendorf, *[General Orders of the [U.S.] War Department, Embracing the Years 1861, 1862 & 1863](http://books.google.com/books?id=AdsSAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA234&dq=%22half+assed%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=FNJ_U-maPM_roASW44KgCg&ved=0CD8Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=%22half%20assed%22&f=false)*, volume 2 (1864), reporting on the court-martial of Captain John H. Behan on February 19, 1863:
>
> Charge I.—"Conduct to the prejudice of good order and military discipline."
>
>
> *Specification 1st.*—"In this ; that he, the said Captain John H. Behan, Company F, 16th Regiment Virginia Volunteers, while on duty in camp, on or about the 12th day of December, 1862, did use abusive and grossly insulting language to Joseph B. Hamilton, 2d Lieutenant of said Company F, before and in the presence of said Company F, while he, the said Joseph B. Hamilton, was on duty and was acting Adjutant of said 16th Regiment Virginia Volunteers, in words as follows, to wit: '**There goes our half-assed Adjutant** ;' which was calculated to impair and weaken the influence and control of said Lieutenant Joseph B. Hamilton as Adjutant of said regiment, and also his influence and control over said Company. All this at or near Miner's Hill, Virginia, on or about the 12th day of December, 1862."
>
>
>
The captain was found Not Guilty on this charge, but Guilty on unrelated charges of having knowingly accepted a stolen sword from another soldier and of having refused to return to yet another soldier a sum of about $34 placed in his trust by that soldier.
The next instance of *half-assed*/*halfassed* that the search finds is from 1934, in Josephine Herbst, [The Executioner Waits](http://books.google.com/books?id=xNBaAAAAMAAJ&q=%22halfassed%22&dq=%22halfassed%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Udd_U9eXL9L8oATD5ICoDA&ved=0CDgQ6AEwAQ), where the closed-up form occurs at least twice. Here is one of them [snippet]:
>
> He hardly listened to Jonathan until he caught the words, "And what I'm going to do is just light out, go to New York. I'm sick of these **halfassed** towns."
>
>
>
Numerous instances of *half-assed* turn up in search results from the late 1930s forward.
The first instance of *half-arsed*/*halfarsed* that the search turns up is from John Simon, *[Movies into Film: Film Criticism, 1967–1970](http://books.google.com/books?id=AYFZAAAAMAAJ&q=%22halfarsed%22&dq=%22halfarsed%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=lNp_U8SYOYzboASrvoL4Dg&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAA)* (1971) [series of snippets]:
>
> The story, as everyone knows, concerns Myron Breckinridge, who, after a Scandinavian operation, becomes Myra. Equipped with physical beauty, knowledge from within of both sexes, and expertise in Hollywood lore, she sets out to capture both the men and the women of filmland today, and tomorrow the world. The movie turns all this into a dream, and cleans up the comically lewd incidents by reducing comedy to oafishness and lewdness to suggestive smirking. That kind of deliberately halfhearted — or, in this context, **halfarsed** — cleaning up is the real dishonesty, the real smuttiness of the enterprise. For the sexual acts are now performed by half-clothed Barbie dolls with carefully castrating camera angles, and if the dirtiness is not for real, it must be for dirty.
>
>
>
Interestingly, three useful collections from the period 1890–1915—Farmer & Henley, *[Slang and Its Analogues](http://books.google.com/books?id=n7FZAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false)*, Fla–Hyps (1893), Barre & Leland, *[Dictionary of Slang, Jargon & Cant](http://books.google.com/books?id=0JsOAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA295&dq=%22ding+bat%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=urpaU8vuNsShyASkvILoCA&ved=0CE8Q6AEwBjgU#v=onepage&q=%22ding%20bat%22&f=false)*, A–K (1897), and Thornton, *[An American Glossary](http://books.google.com/books?id=mZASAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22Dialect+Notes%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ItRaU7fjD4ajyATblYGgAQ&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAThk#v=onepage&q=%22Dialect%20Notes%22&f=false)*, A–L (1912)—have no entry for either *half-assed* or *half-arsed*, despite the fact that the term clearly had been in use since at least 1862. Farmer & Henley is by no means squeamish about reporting on naughty words, so I find the term's absence there particularly baffling; I don't know how much the other two books may have been influenced by considerations of propriety.
[Merriam Webster's Online](http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/half-assed), by the way, traces *half-assed* only to "circa 1932." Can the term really have gone underground for 70 years? | Within a translation of a greek joke book ([Philolegos: The Laugh Addict](http://publishing.yudu.com/Library/Au7bv/PhilogelosTheLaughAd/)) estimated to have been written around 400 CE, there is a joke that paraphrased goes like this: An Abderite man who owes someone an ass but doesn't have one to pay his debt asks if he can give two half-asses instead.
Based on the other jokes about Abderites they are from a particular region of Greece whose residents were portrayed as stupid and deformed, similar to cretins. If I understand the joke it is that this person does not own an ass but is so associated with half-assedness that he has plenty of that to pay with. If that is a correct interpretation then the term half-assed was in common use since at least the late period of the Roman empire. |
172,341 | Does this slang originate from half asked, since the difinition means exactly that. You only did half what I asked you. | 2014/05/22 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/172341",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/77054/"
] | By far the earliest instance of "half-assed" that a Google Books search turns up is from Thomas O'Brien & Oliver Diefendorf, *[General Orders of the [U.S.] War Department, Embracing the Years 1861, 1862 & 1863](http://books.google.com/books?id=AdsSAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA234&dq=%22half+assed%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=FNJ_U-maPM_roASW44KgCg&ved=0CD8Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=%22half%20assed%22&f=false)*, volume 2 (1864), reporting on the court-martial of Captain John H. Behan on February 19, 1863:
>
> Charge I.—"Conduct to the prejudice of good order and military discipline."
>
>
> *Specification 1st.*—"In this ; that he, the said Captain John H. Behan, Company F, 16th Regiment Virginia Volunteers, while on duty in camp, on or about the 12th day of December, 1862, did use abusive and grossly insulting language to Joseph B. Hamilton, 2d Lieutenant of said Company F, before and in the presence of said Company F, while he, the said Joseph B. Hamilton, was on duty and was acting Adjutant of said 16th Regiment Virginia Volunteers, in words as follows, to wit: '**There goes our half-assed Adjutant** ;' which was calculated to impair and weaken the influence and control of said Lieutenant Joseph B. Hamilton as Adjutant of said regiment, and also his influence and control over said Company. All this at or near Miner's Hill, Virginia, on or about the 12th day of December, 1862."
>
>
>
The captain was found Not Guilty on this charge, but Guilty on unrelated charges of having knowingly accepted a stolen sword from another soldier and of having refused to return to yet another soldier a sum of about $34 placed in his trust by that soldier.
The next instance of *half-assed*/*halfassed* that the search finds is from 1934, in Josephine Herbst, [The Executioner Waits](http://books.google.com/books?id=xNBaAAAAMAAJ&q=%22halfassed%22&dq=%22halfassed%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Udd_U9eXL9L8oATD5ICoDA&ved=0CDgQ6AEwAQ), where the closed-up form occurs at least twice. Here is one of them [snippet]:
>
> He hardly listened to Jonathan until he caught the words, "And what I'm going to do is just light out, go to New York. I'm sick of these **halfassed** towns."
>
>
>
Numerous instances of *half-assed* turn up in search results from the late 1930s forward.
The first instance of *half-arsed*/*halfarsed* that the search turns up is from John Simon, *[Movies into Film: Film Criticism, 1967–1970](http://books.google.com/books?id=AYFZAAAAMAAJ&q=%22halfarsed%22&dq=%22halfarsed%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=lNp_U8SYOYzboASrvoL4Dg&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAA)* (1971) [series of snippets]:
>
> The story, as everyone knows, concerns Myron Breckinridge, who, after a Scandinavian operation, becomes Myra. Equipped with physical beauty, knowledge from within of both sexes, and expertise in Hollywood lore, she sets out to capture both the men and the women of filmland today, and tomorrow the world. The movie turns all this into a dream, and cleans up the comically lewd incidents by reducing comedy to oafishness and lewdness to suggestive smirking. That kind of deliberately halfhearted — or, in this context, **halfarsed** — cleaning up is the real dishonesty, the real smuttiness of the enterprise. For the sexual acts are now performed by half-clothed Barbie dolls with carefully castrating camera angles, and if the dirtiness is not for real, it must be for dirty.
>
>
>
Interestingly, three useful collections from the period 1890–1915—Farmer & Henley, *[Slang and Its Analogues](http://books.google.com/books?id=n7FZAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false)*, Fla–Hyps (1893), Barre & Leland, *[Dictionary of Slang, Jargon & Cant](http://books.google.com/books?id=0JsOAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA295&dq=%22ding+bat%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=urpaU8vuNsShyASkvILoCA&ved=0CE8Q6AEwBjgU#v=onepage&q=%22ding%20bat%22&f=false)*, A–K (1897), and Thornton, *[An American Glossary](http://books.google.com/books?id=mZASAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22Dialect+Notes%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ItRaU7fjD4ajyATblYGgAQ&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAThk#v=onepage&q=%22Dialect%20Notes%22&f=false)*, A–L (1912)—have no entry for either *half-assed* or *half-arsed*, despite the fact that the term clearly had been in use since at least 1862. Farmer & Henley is by no means squeamish about reporting on naughty words, so I find the term's absence there particularly baffling; I don't know how much the other two books may have been influenced by considerations of propriety.
[Merriam Webster's Online](http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/half-assed), by the way, traces *half-assed* only to "circa 1932." Can the term really have gone underground for 70 years? | The story I've heard is that the term comes from half-adzed. As in, the woodworker only used the adz on the front half of a piece, so it is only half done. It makes sence but I can't confirm it. Here are a few references: [Half Adzed](http://hpiresults.com/index.php/insight/item/138-half-adzed),
[The Woodwrights Guide](http://books.google.com/books?id=8Y2uAAH3YqoC&pg=PA19&lpg=PA19&dq=half%20adzed&source=bl&ots=VIkyzGPXmZ&sig=0joi9GPiPOxmf60G8MFJzwy_4eo&hl=en&sa=X&ei=rnqDVPGVBMGsogTWroHwBQ&ved=0CC4Q6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=half%20adzed&f=false) |
172,341 | Does this slang originate from half asked, since the difinition means exactly that. You only did half what I asked you. | 2014/05/22 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/172341",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/77054/"
] | The origin may have been covered in other answers, but maybe not the meaning.
The “half-assed” part refers to having your pants not done up all the way yet, with half your ass showing. If you are in that state, you are likely to be unprepared for the day’s tasks and generally incompetent.
So the admonition:
>
> Don’t go off half-assed.
>
>
>
… reminds you to stop, prepare, then go off and do a task successfully. | Mules and other load hauling animals are usually used in pairs. To harness only one mule (or donkey or ASS) is to be underprepared (perhaps incapable) of the task ahead.
Hence half-assed or one-assed means incompetent. |
23,046 | Native english speaker here.
I recently learned from an intro linguistics class that I have ***abysmal*** transcription skills.
Can you recommend practice software?
I think I'm looking for IPA drills on consonant & vowels, and eventually transcription practice, but I would love guidance on "what you really should start with is $FOO".
**IPA drills:** maybe flashcard-like quizzes, e.g. Given **ð** choose place+manner+voicing & vice versa.
Maybe choose symbol(s) given sounds, kind of like [this site, IPA Online](http://teaching.ncl.ac.uk/ipa/unit01a.html#) , which has solid content. But it uses Flash and runs poorly on my Windows 10 laptop (need to use IE, video clip looping stutters so have to restart to watch full clip).
The [Interactive IPA chart](http://www.ipachart.com/) is kind of helpful but many vowel differences seem imperceptable (to me). And while it is a great reference chart it doesn't do much to help with practicing recall & memorization (probably because it is a reference chart).
**Speaking of practice...**
I would like to see adaptive skill calibration (drop to simpler drills w/errors, advance when mastered), spaced repetition.
**edit: next class info** as per sami's thoughtful comment, here is some more context about my goal.
I want to get a head start on phonetics because I *really* struggled with simple IPA transcriptions and phoneme/allophone things during my recent intro-to-ling class. *[edit r.e. user6726's comment: phonemes/allophones not a priority, just smth that felt rough, maybe I should revisit that after I've taken some to absorb more phoentics]*
I expect this next class to be more challenging, so I'm pretty sure I would benefit from early prep work:
**[LING 550 C: Introduction To Linguistic Phonetics](https://linguistics.washington.edu/courses/2017/autumn/ling/550/c)**
"Introduction to the articulatory and acoustic correlates of phonological features. Covers mapping of dynamic events to static presentations, phonetic evidence for phonological description, universal constraints on phonological structure, and implications of psychological speech-sound categorization for phonological theory. Prerequisite: either LING 200 or LING 400." | 2017/05/26 | [
"https://linguistics.stackexchange.com/questions/23046",
"https://linguistics.stackexchange.com",
"https://linguistics.stackexchange.com/users/17180/"
] | As far as I know, there isn't an optimal useful electronic thing like you seem to be looking for. For starters, I recommend Ladefoged *A course in phonetics*. [This page](http://www.phonetics.ucla.edu/course/chapter1/chapter1.html) is another IPA reference chart (by Peter Ladefoged), and contains [this link](http://www.phonetics.ucla.edu/vowels/contents.html) which assembles the online material for the book. This [set of vowels](http://www.phonetics.ucla.edu/course/chapter1/wells/wells.html) is useful from the perspective of auditory training, because it gives 3 real masters of proper IPA standards, so that you can hear what "ɑ" is supposed to sound like (the performers *do* differ, so it's useful to understand concretely that the symbols have approximate values, not exact values).
Another resource is [this page](http://www-01.sil.org/computing/ipahelp/index.htm) from SIL, where you can navigate to [this link](http://downloads.sil.org/IPA%20Help/Corporate%20Release/2.1/SIL_IPA_2_1.exe). This is probably the best bet from a pedagogical perspective. One problem with learning IPA is that it's impossible to both use actual language data and to control variations in speaker anatomy. If you combine the SIL samples and the Ladefoged samples, you can hear actual speakers of languages of the relevant languages so you hear how it actually is; but then you get all sorts of confusing differences in how things sound simply because one sample comes from an 80 year old 5 ft. tall woman, and another comes from a 7 foot tall 25 year old man. There are some IPA flash cards [here](https://quizlet.com/5254040/ipa-phonetic-alphabet-flash-cards/), which are useful only for their comic value.
As for the phoneme/allophone business, it's hard to suggest anything since it's not clear what problem you're facing (how do you know you have a problem?). [450](https://linguistics.washington.edu/courses/2017/summer/ling/450/a) in summer would not be a bad way to overcome IPA struggles. | I learned from William Smalley's *Manual of Articulatory Phonetics*. This predates the change from the "American" style of transcription to IPA. The audio tapes that Smalley prepared to accompany his text are great. The tapes themselves are no longer available, but they're online here: [Smalley files](http://bach.arts.kuleuven.be/MOAP/wav/07/). |
23,046 | Native english speaker here.
I recently learned from an intro linguistics class that I have ***abysmal*** transcription skills.
Can you recommend practice software?
I think I'm looking for IPA drills on consonant & vowels, and eventually transcription practice, but I would love guidance on "what you really should start with is $FOO".
**IPA drills:** maybe flashcard-like quizzes, e.g. Given **ð** choose place+manner+voicing & vice versa.
Maybe choose symbol(s) given sounds, kind of like [this site, IPA Online](http://teaching.ncl.ac.uk/ipa/unit01a.html#) , which has solid content. But it uses Flash and runs poorly on my Windows 10 laptop (need to use IE, video clip looping stutters so have to restart to watch full clip).
The [Interactive IPA chart](http://www.ipachart.com/) is kind of helpful but many vowel differences seem imperceptable (to me). And while it is a great reference chart it doesn't do much to help with practicing recall & memorization (probably because it is a reference chart).
**Speaking of practice...**
I would like to see adaptive skill calibration (drop to simpler drills w/errors, advance when mastered), spaced repetition.
**edit: next class info** as per sami's thoughtful comment, here is some more context about my goal.
I want to get a head start on phonetics because I *really* struggled with simple IPA transcriptions and phoneme/allophone things during my recent intro-to-ling class. *[edit r.e. user6726's comment: phonemes/allophones not a priority, just smth that felt rough, maybe I should revisit that after I've taken some to absorb more phoentics]*
I expect this next class to be more challenging, so I'm pretty sure I would benefit from early prep work:
**[LING 550 C: Introduction To Linguistic Phonetics](https://linguistics.washington.edu/courses/2017/autumn/ling/550/c)**
"Introduction to the articulatory and acoustic correlates of phonological features. Covers mapping of dynamic events to static presentations, phonetic evidence for phonological description, universal constraints on phonological structure, and implications of psychological speech-sound categorization for phonological theory. Prerequisite: either LING 200 or LING 400." | 2017/05/26 | [
"https://linguistics.stackexchange.com/questions/23046",
"https://linguistics.stackexchange.com",
"https://linguistics.stackexchange.com/users/17180/"
] | I learned from William Smalley's *Manual of Articulatory Phonetics*. This predates the change from the "American" style of transcription to IPA. The audio tapes that Smalley prepared to accompany his text are great. The tapes themselves are no longer available, but they're online here: [Smalley files](http://bach.arts.kuleuven.be/MOAP/wav/07/). | This is what I *personally* recommend, based on my own experience:
1. Memorize the IPA chart - this includes, first, the ability to read the IPA (it requires lots of practice). You can test yourself by reading the broad transcription of the North Wind and the Sun passage (for American English first); it can be found e.g. in the IPA Handbook on p. 44. Then you can read the same passage transcribed for other English dialects. You're a native speaker of American English, so you shouldn't really struggle with the IPA consonants (for English). Mastering the IPA vowels could be more challenging.
2. Start transcribing single (isolated) English words - broad transcription only - and then start transcribing sentences. Some exercises in Ladefoged *A course in Phonetics* (a standard intro text), pp. 48-52 should help.
There are lots of websites that may help you. e.g. <http://linguistics.berkeley.edu/~kjohnson/English_Phonetics/>
(caveat: linguistics has been traditionally underfunded so those websites might be obsolete technology-wise or less user-friendly than what we are accustomed to)
3. Now you should be ready to learn narrow transcription. First learn to read it - e.g. the same passage from the IPA Handbook. Narrow transcription is the hardest.
4. Eventually you may want to learn how to transcribe a language you don't know. |
23,046 | Native english speaker here.
I recently learned from an intro linguistics class that I have ***abysmal*** transcription skills.
Can you recommend practice software?
I think I'm looking for IPA drills on consonant & vowels, and eventually transcription practice, but I would love guidance on "what you really should start with is $FOO".
**IPA drills:** maybe flashcard-like quizzes, e.g. Given **ð** choose place+manner+voicing & vice versa.
Maybe choose symbol(s) given sounds, kind of like [this site, IPA Online](http://teaching.ncl.ac.uk/ipa/unit01a.html#) , which has solid content. But it uses Flash and runs poorly on my Windows 10 laptop (need to use IE, video clip looping stutters so have to restart to watch full clip).
The [Interactive IPA chart](http://www.ipachart.com/) is kind of helpful but many vowel differences seem imperceptable (to me). And while it is a great reference chart it doesn't do much to help with practicing recall & memorization (probably because it is a reference chart).
**Speaking of practice...**
I would like to see adaptive skill calibration (drop to simpler drills w/errors, advance when mastered), spaced repetition.
**edit: next class info** as per sami's thoughtful comment, here is some more context about my goal.
I want to get a head start on phonetics because I *really* struggled with simple IPA transcriptions and phoneme/allophone things during my recent intro-to-ling class. *[edit r.e. user6726's comment: phonemes/allophones not a priority, just smth that felt rough, maybe I should revisit that after I've taken some to absorb more phoentics]*
I expect this next class to be more challenging, so I'm pretty sure I would benefit from early prep work:
**[LING 550 C: Introduction To Linguistic Phonetics](https://linguistics.washington.edu/courses/2017/autumn/ling/550/c)**
"Introduction to the articulatory and acoustic correlates of phonological features. Covers mapping of dynamic events to static presentations, phonetic evidence for phonological description, universal constraints on phonological structure, and implications of psychological speech-sound categorization for phonological theory. Prerequisite: either LING 200 or LING 400." | 2017/05/26 | [
"https://linguistics.stackexchange.com/questions/23046",
"https://linguistics.stackexchange.com",
"https://linguistics.stackexchange.com/users/17180/"
] | I learned from William Smalley's *Manual of Articulatory Phonetics*. This predates the change from the "American" style of transcription to IPA. The audio tapes that Smalley prepared to accompany his text are great. The tapes themselves are no longer available, but they're online here: [Smalley files](http://bach.arts.kuleuven.be/MOAP/wav/07/). | This website converts IPA symbols to English word(s):
<https://www.rhymedesk.com/phonemes>
It's not a study aid, but you could use it as such - imagine a word and try to type in IPA symbols that return the word you've imagined. |
23,046 | Native english speaker here.
I recently learned from an intro linguistics class that I have ***abysmal*** transcription skills.
Can you recommend practice software?
I think I'm looking for IPA drills on consonant & vowels, and eventually transcription practice, but I would love guidance on "what you really should start with is $FOO".
**IPA drills:** maybe flashcard-like quizzes, e.g. Given **ð** choose place+manner+voicing & vice versa.
Maybe choose symbol(s) given sounds, kind of like [this site, IPA Online](http://teaching.ncl.ac.uk/ipa/unit01a.html#) , which has solid content. But it uses Flash and runs poorly on my Windows 10 laptop (need to use IE, video clip looping stutters so have to restart to watch full clip).
The [Interactive IPA chart](http://www.ipachart.com/) is kind of helpful but many vowel differences seem imperceptable (to me). And while it is a great reference chart it doesn't do much to help with practicing recall & memorization (probably because it is a reference chart).
**Speaking of practice...**
I would like to see adaptive skill calibration (drop to simpler drills w/errors, advance when mastered), spaced repetition.
**edit: next class info** as per sami's thoughtful comment, here is some more context about my goal.
I want to get a head start on phonetics because I *really* struggled with simple IPA transcriptions and phoneme/allophone things during my recent intro-to-ling class. *[edit r.e. user6726's comment: phonemes/allophones not a priority, just smth that felt rough, maybe I should revisit that after I've taken some to absorb more phoentics]*
I expect this next class to be more challenging, so I'm pretty sure I would benefit from early prep work:
**[LING 550 C: Introduction To Linguistic Phonetics](https://linguistics.washington.edu/courses/2017/autumn/ling/550/c)**
"Introduction to the articulatory and acoustic correlates of phonological features. Covers mapping of dynamic events to static presentations, phonetic evidence for phonological description, universal constraints on phonological structure, and implications of psychological speech-sound categorization for phonological theory. Prerequisite: either LING 200 or LING 400." | 2017/05/26 | [
"https://linguistics.stackexchange.com/questions/23046",
"https://linguistics.stackexchange.com",
"https://linguistics.stackexchange.com/users/17180/"
] | As far as I know, there isn't an optimal useful electronic thing like you seem to be looking for. For starters, I recommend Ladefoged *A course in phonetics*. [This page](http://www.phonetics.ucla.edu/course/chapter1/chapter1.html) is another IPA reference chart (by Peter Ladefoged), and contains [this link](http://www.phonetics.ucla.edu/vowels/contents.html) which assembles the online material for the book. This [set of vowels](http://www.phonetics.ucla.edu/course/chapter1/wells/wells.html) is useful from the perspective of auditory training, because it gives 3 real masters of proper IPA standards, so that you can hear what "ɑ" is supposed to sound like (the performers *do* differ, so it's useful to understand concretely that the symbols have approximate values, not exact values).
Another resource is [this page](http://www-01.sil.org/computing/ipahelp/index.htm) from SIL, where you can navigate to [this link](http://downloads.sil.org/IPA%20Help/Corporate%20Release/2.1/SIL_IPA_2_1.exe). This is probably the best bet from a pedagogical perspective. One problem with learning IPA is that it's impossible to both use actual language data and to control variations in speaker anatomy. If you combine the SIL samples and the Ladefoged samples, you can hear actual speakers of languages of the relevant languages so you hear how it actually is; but then you get all sorts of confusing differences in how things sound simply because one sample comes from an 80 year old 5 ft. tall woman, and another comes from a 7 foot tall 25 year old man. There are some IPA flash cards [here](https://quizlet.com/5254040/ipa-phonetic-alphabet-flash-cards/), which are useful only for their comic value.
As for the phoneme/allophone business, it's hard to suggest anything since it's not clear what problem you're facing (how do you know you have a problem?). [450](https://linguistics.washington.edu/courses/2017/summer/ling/450/a) in summer would not be a bad way to overcome IPA struggles. | This is what I *personally* recommend, based on my own experience:
1. Memorize the IPA chart - this includes, first, the ability to read the IPA (it requires lots of practice). You can test yourself by reading the broad transcription of the North Wind and the Sun passage (for American English first); it can be found e.g. in the IPA Handbook on p. 44. Then you can read the same passage transcribed for other English dialects. You're a native speaker of American English, so you shouldn't really struggle with the IPA consonants (for English). Mastering the IPA vowels could be more challenging.
2. Start transcribing single (isolated) English words - broad transcription only - and then start transcribing sentences. Some exercises in Ladefoged *A course in Phonetics* (a standard intro text), pp. 48-52 should help.
There are lots of websites that may help you. e.g. <http://linguistics.berkeley.edu/~kjohnson/English_Phonetics/>
(caveat: linguistics has been traditionally underfunded so those websites might be obsolete technology-wise or less user-friendly than what we are accustomed to)
3. Now you should be ready to learn narrow transcription. First learn to read it - e.g. the same passage from the IPA Handbook. Narrow transcription is the hardest.
4. Eventually you may want to learn how to transcribe a language you don't know. |
23,046 | Native english speaker here.
I recently learned from an intro linguistics class that I have ***abysmal*** transcription skills.
Can you recommend practice software?
I think I'm looking for IPA drills on consonant & vowels, and eventually transcription practice, but I would love guidance on "what you really should start with is $FOO".
**IPA drills:** maybe flashcard-like quizzes, e.g. Given **ð** choose place+manner+voicing & vice versa.
Maybe choose symbol(s) given sounds, kind of like [this site, IPA Online](http://teaching.ncl.ac.uk/ipa/unit01a.html#) , which has solid content. But it uses Flash and runs poorly on my Windows 10 laptop (need to use IE, video clip looping stutters so have to restart to watch full clip).
The [Interactive IPA chart](http://www.ipachart.com/) is kind of helpful but many vowel differences seem imperceptable (to me). And while it is a great reference chart it doesn't do much to help with practicing recall & memorization (probably because it is a reference chart).
**Speaking of practice...**
I would like to see adaptive skill calibration (drop to simpler drills w/errors, advance when mastered), spaced repetition.
**edit: next class info** as per sami's thoughtful comment, here is some more context about my goal.
I want to get a head start on phonetics because I *really* struggled with simple IPA transcriptions and phoneme/allophone things during my recent intro-to-ling class. *[edit r.e. user6726's comment: phonemes/allophones not a priority, just smth that felt rough, maybe I should revisit that after I've taken some to absorb more phoentics]*
I expect this next class to be more challenging, so I'm pretty sure I would benefit from early prep work:
**[LING 550 C: Introduction To Linguistic Phonetics](https://linguistics.washington.edu/courses/2017/autumn/ling/550/c)**
"Introduction to the articulatory and acoustic correlates of phonological features. Covers mapping of dynamic events to static presentations, phonetic evidence for phonological description, universal constraints on phonological structure, and implications of psychological speech-sound categorization for phonological theory. Prerequisite: either LING 200 or LING 400." | 2017/05/26 | [
"https://linguistics.stackexchange.com/questions/23046",
"https://linguistics.stackexchange.com",
"https://linguistics.stackexchange.com/users/17180/"
] | As far as I know, there isn't an optimal useful electronic thing like you seem to be looking for. For starters, I recommend Ladefoged *A course in phonetics*. [This page](http://www.phonetics.ucla.edu/course/chapter1/chapter1.html) is another IPA reference chart (by Peter Ladefoged), and contains [this link](http://www.phonetics.ucla.edu/vowels/contents.html) which assembles the online material for the book. This [set of vowels](http://www.phonetics.ucla.edu/course/chapter1/wells/wells.html) is useful from the perspective of auditory training, because it gives 3 real masters of proper IPA standards, so that you can hear what "ɑ" is supposed to sound like (the performers *do* differ, so it's useful to understand concretely that the symbols have approximate values, not exact values).
Another resource is [this page](http://www-01.sil.org/computing/ipahelp/index.htm) from SIL, where you can navigate to [this link](http://downloads.sil.org/IPA%20Help/Corporate%20Release/2.1/SIL_IPA_2_1.exe). This is probably the best bet from a pedagogical perspective. One problem with learning IPA is that it's impossible to both use actual language data and to control variations in speaker anatomy. If you combine the SIL samples and the Ladefoged samples, you can hear actual speakers of languages of the relevant languages so you hear how it actually is; but then you get all sorts of confusing differences in how things sound simply because one sample comes from an 80 year old 5 ft. tall woman, and another comes from a 7 foot tall 25 year old man. There are some IPA flash cards [here](https://quizlet.com/5254040/ipa-phonetic-alphabet-flash-cards/), which are useful only for their comic value.
As for the phoneme/allophone business, it's hard to suggest anything since it's not clear what problem you're facing (how do you know you have a problem?). [450](https://linguistics.washington.edu/courses/2017/summer/ling/450/a) in summer would not be a bad way to overcome IPA struggles. | This website converts IPA symbols to English word(s):
<https://www.rhymedesk.com/phonemes>
It's not a study aid, but you could use it as such - imagine a word and try to type in IPA symbols that return the word you've imagined. |
4,217,759 | I'm trying to decide between Heroku and Engineyard.
Heroku seems so much better but they charge for everything and their prices are crazy!
Why one should use Heroku over EY or vice versa? | 2010/11/18 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/4217759",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/435951/"
] | Everyone's needs are different, but the great thing is that its easy to experiment with these cloud deployment tools in quick fashion, and you will find that they each have their own strengths that you can leverage as you need.
What is most valuable to me, and my smaller clients, is to be able to experiment and get end-user feedback quickly. I have startup clients that want to be able to push out new ideas and test them quickly, deploy different combinations of ideas to different markets, get customer feedback, and keep moving forward. Launch a facebook app, a test server for an API integration client, a lightweight 'freemium' version of a product, etc. As traffic picks up, we make changes to scale up, and the increase in cost is never out of bounds (eg. our hosting costs are still well under the increase in value/revenue/marketing juice, etc).
EngineYard lets you play around with 500hrs for free, and you can easily turn it off when you are not using it, to stretch the 500hrs out. You can deploy your app quickly, deploy a CI server (that updates the app on every successful build), create a backup of your app or 'staging' server and see how it goes.
Amazon will give you 750hrs per month for free, for a year, if you are a new AWS customer. You can use this for a super fast CI server, hard-core image processing, batch reporting, whatever.
Personally I happen to use Heroku the most, as it just seems to work the best for my needs. I can put together a new application with full monitoring, backup, analytics, email, etc really fast, and feel confident in how to manage my setup (and confident that I can bring another person on board, and their learning curve will be pretty easy). As a freelancer, my use of Heroku has brought my setup time down to almost nothing, so I'm able to focus my time on understanding the business, and developing a great product. I'm not saying that can't be done on other platforms, I'm just saying heroku is working great for me in that way.
I do have one app that processes Voip data over UDP, so I'll need to figure out if I prefer amazon or engineyard for that (heroku won't let you open a UDP port, as far as I know).
I recently put together [a presentation on these tools](http://www.railsperformance.com/2011/11/cloud-tools-for-rapid-development.html), and how I use them. (it was for newer developers, so it may be too basic for this audience, but there is a list of pros/cons that others may find useful)
Also, I think this conversation does belong here, and not necessarily on a webmasters forum, because the choice of hosting platform will influence your development capabilities and architecture, and the people making the decision are developers, not 'webmasters' or systems people. | It depends of the condition. On some case, it's highly expensive
Here we can get a 24 GB o RAM dedicated server for 99 euros.
I can have it set up an running my rail app in less than half an hour, with a mongodb database, as many runner that I want, etc...
Additionally, I can add "small" other project (the ones that costs between 15$ and 35$ monthly at Heroku)
If your business require huge amount of data and processing power, my advice is to use a dedicated hosting and spend the time in managing and monitoring your app. |
4,217,759 | I'm trying to decide between Heroku and Engineyard.
Heroku seems so much better but they charge for everything and their prices are crazy!
Why one should use Heroku over EY or vice versa? | 2010/11/18 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/4217759",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/435951/"
] | I might as well throw my opinion in here since I have **"tried"** to use EngineYard and **"successfully"** use Heroku. While I think both are potentially good choices, I found deploying to Heroku much easier. The ala-carte pricing for Heroku add-ons may add expense, but it also gives you the opportunity to add functionality immediately to your app. The largest expense for our app is the actual web dynos, followed by the database. **Heroku has a great selection of add-ons, many of which are free or low cost.**
EngineYard also seems like a great company but I think they "hold your hand" a little less than Heroku. For my company, the benefits of Heroku outweighed the cost issue. The read-only filesystem which is a platform feature of Heroku also forces you to learn some new tricks.
I now have several apps (small to medium) on Heroku and happily have my assets served up from s3.
**In the end, I would encourage you to try them both.** EngineYard offers a 500 hour trial (though that is computing hours, not necessarily real-time hours) and Heroku let's you get started right away for pretty much free.
**PS:** When selecting add-ons consider your choice carefully, just like when you choose gems for your project. I have experienced an add-on that I was using, simply flaming out and had to scramble to replace that functionality. What was it? Progstr-Filer, which I was using for file uploads. That was a lesson learned. | It depends of the condition. On some case, it's highly expensive
Here we can get a 24 GB o RAM dedicated server for 99 euros.
I can have it set up an running my rail app in less than half an hour, with a mongodb database, as many runner that I want, etc...
Additionally, I can add "small" other project (the ones that costs between 15$ and 35$ monthly at Heroku)
If your business require huge amount of data and processing power, my advice is to use a dedicated hosting and spend the time in managing and monitoring your app. |
4,217,759 | I'm trying to decide between Heroku and Engineyard.
Heroku seems so much better but they charge for everything and their prices are crazy!
Why one should use Heroku over EY or vice versa? | 2010/11/18 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/4217759",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/435951/"
] | Heroku makes setup and launching of an app super-simple. You will be dependent to some degree on versions that Heroku supports (for instance, I heard today of a bundler versioning issue).
One thing to take into account with any "managed full-stack" solution like Heroku or EY is cost. You don't have to hire an ops person or have ops expertise, but you're still paying. Storage is where things get really expensive. Crank up your DB to a more than a few GB and watch the price go up.
We have in-house ops (was me doing it while coding, now a dedicated person) and run on Joyent. A big cost savings was having a few master-slave DBs and sharing them among a few dozen applications. We essentially have 100 Facebook apps running on Joyent at the same cost as 10 apps on Heroku. But this doesn't take into account the ops salary/time. | I'd vote to use EngineYard over Heroku. Although you can probably deploy a large scale application on Heroku, there's a lot of lock-in you'll have to endure and the pricing can become crippling at higher levels of use.
EngineYard does provide application-level support, too, which is a fair bit better than what Heroku does.
If you're making a quick hobby application or simple demo site, Heroku is great for launching small, simple instances. If you're building a real application where it will need to scale, use EngineYard. |
4,217,759 | I'm trying to decide between Heroku and Engineyard.
Heroku seems so much better but they charge for everything and their prices are crazy!
Why one should use Heroku over EY or vice versa? | 2010/11/18 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/4217759",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/435951/"
] | Heroku makes setup and launching of an app super-simple. You will be dependent to some degree on versions that Heroku supports (for instance, I heard today of a bundler versioning issue).
One thing to take into account with any "managed full-stack" solution like Heroku or EY is cost. You don't have to hire an ops person or have ops expertise, but you're still paying. Storage is where things get really expensive. Crank up your DB to a more than a few GB and watch the price go up.
We have in-house ops (was me doing it while coding, now a dedicated person) and run on Joyent. A big cost savings was having a few master-slave DBs and sharing them among a few dozen applications. We essentially have 100 Facebook apps running on Joyent at the same cost as 10 apps on Heroku. But this doesn't take into account the ops salary/time. | Everyone's needs are different, but the great thing is that its easy to experiment with these cloud deployment tools in quick fashion, and you will find that they each have their own strengths that you can leverage as you need.
What is most valuable to me, and my smaller clients, is to be able to experiment and get end-user feedback quickly. I have startup clients that want to be able to push out new ideas and test them quickly, deploy different combinations of ideas to different markets, get customer feedback, and keep moving forward. Launch a facebook app, a test server for an API integration client, a lightweight 'freemium' version of a product, etc. As traffic picks up, we make changes to scale up, and the increase in cost is never out of bounds (eg. our hosting costs are still well under the increase in value/revenue/marketing juice, etc).
EngineYard lets you play around with 500hrs for free, and you can easily turn it off when you are not using it, to stretch the 500hrs out. You can deploy your app quickly, deploy a CI server (that updates the app on every successful build), create a backup of your app or 'staging' server and see how it goes.
Amazon will give you 750hrs per month for free, for a year, if you are a new AWS customer. You can use this for a super fast CI server, hard-core image processing, batch reporting, whatever.
Personally I happen to use Heroku the most, as it just seems to work the best for my needs. I can put together a new application with full monitoring, backup, analytics, email, etc really fast, and feel confident in how to manage my setup (and confident that I can bring another person on board, and their learning curve will be pretty easy). As a freelancer, my use of Heroku has brought my setup time down to almost nothing, so I'm able to focus my time on understanding the business, and developing a great product. I'm not saying that can't be done on other platforms, I'm just saying heroku is working great for me in that way.
I do have one app that processes Voip data over UDP, so I'll need to figure out if I prefer amazon or engineyard for that (heroku won't let you open a UDP port, as far as I know).
I recently put together [a presentation on these tools](http://www.railsperformance.com/2011/11/cloud-tools-for-rapid-development.html), and how I use them. (it was for newer developers, so it may be too basic for this audience, but there is a list of pros/cons that others may find useful)
Also, I think this conversation does belong here, and not necessarily on a webmasters forum, because the choice of hosting platform will influence your development capabilities and architecture, and the people making the decision are developers, not 'webmasters' or systems people. |
4,217,759 | I'm trying to decide between Heroku and Engineyard.
Heroku seems so much better but they charge for everything and their prices are crazy!
Why one should use Heroku over EY or vice versa? | 2010/11/18 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/4217759",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/435951/"
] | Everyone's needs are different, but the great thing is that its easy to experiment with these cloud deployment tools in quick fashion, and you will find that they each have their own strengths that you can leverage as you need.
What is most valuable to me, and my smaller clients, is to be able to experiment and get end-user feedback quickly. I have startup clients that want to be able to push out new ideas and test them quickly, deploy different combinations of ideas to different markets, get customer feedback, and keep moving forward. Launch a facebook app, a test server for an API integration client, a lightweight 'freemium' version of a product, etc. As traffic picks up, we make changes to scale up, and the increase in cost is never out of bounds (eg. our hosting costs are still well under the increase in value/revenue/marketing juice, etc).
EngineYard lets you play around with 500hrs for free, and you can easily turn it off when you are not using it, to stretch the 500hrs out. You can deploy your app quickly, deploy a CI server (that updates the app on every successful build), create a backup of your app or 'staging' server and see how it goes.
Amazon will give you 750hrs per month for free, for a year, if you are a new AWS customer. You can use this for a super fast CI server, hard-core image processing, batch reporting, whatever.
Personally I happen to use Heroku the most, as it just seems to work the best for my needs. I can put together a new application with full monitoring, backup, analytics, email, etc really fast, and feel confident in how to manage my setup (and confident that I can bring another person on board, and their learning curve will be pretty easy). As a freelancer, my use of Heroku has brought my setup time down to almost nothing, so I'm able to focus my time on understanding the business, and developing a great product. I'm not saying that can't be done on other platforms, I'm just saying heroku is working great for me in that way.
I do have one app that processes Voip data over UDP, so I'll need to figure out if I prefer amazon or engineyard for that (heroku won't let you open a UDP port, as far as I know).
I recently put together [a presentation on these tools](http://www.railsperformance.com/2011/11/cloud-tools-for-rapid-development.html), and how I use them. (it was for newer developers, so it may be too basic for this audience, but there is a list of pros/cons that others may find useful)
Also, I think this conversation does belong here, and not necessarily on a webmasters forum, because the choice of hosting platform will influence your development capabilities and architecture, and the people making the decision are developers, not 'webmasters' or systems people. | I'd vote to use EngineYard over Heroku. Although you can probably deploy a large scale application on Heroku, there's a lot of lock-in you'll have to endure and the pricing can become crippling at higher levels of use.
EngineYard does provide application-level support, too, which is a fair bit better than what Heroku does.
If you're making a quick hobby application or simple demo site, Heroku is great for launching small, simple instances. If you're building a real application where it will need to scale, use EngineYard. |
4,217,759 | I'm trying to decide between Heroku and Engineyard.
Heroku seems so much better but they charge for everything and their prices are crazy!
Why one should use Heroku over EY or vice versa? | 2010/11/18 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/4217759",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/435951/"
] | Heroku makes setup and launching of an app super-simple. You will be dependent to some degree on versions that Heroku supports (for instance, I heard today of a bundler versioning issue).
One thing to take into account with any "managed full-stack" solution like Heroku or EY is cost. You don't have to hire an ops person or have ops expertise, but you're still paying. Storage is where things get really expensive. Crank up your DB to a more than a few GB and watch the price go up.
We have in-house ops (was me doing it while coding, now a dedicated person) and run on Joyent. A big cost savings was having a few master-slave DBs and sharing them among a few dozen applications. We essentially have 100 Facebook apps running on Joyent at the same cost as 10 apps on Heroku. But this doesn't take into account the ops salary/time. | We have been running our platform on Heroku for about 9 months, and I am very satisfied.
I think the biggest complaint that most people have is that it gets "expensive" when your site gets large or high traffic. Personally, I think it is much more effective to focus on growing your business or improving your value proposition than maintaining servers or figuring how to get Rails working. (It is no easy task unless you want to spend a lot of time figuring it out). I would much rather pay Heroku to manage the servers for me than hire someone.
Here's what's great about Heroku:
* Pretty easy to use. I didn't know anything about Rails when I got started, and Heroku was simple to get working.
* Good documentation for most things.
* OK tech support.
* Extremely cost effective when you are small.
Heroku is pretty smart, and I am sure they are going to read this, so here's what can be improved:
* Tech support: Typically you ask a question and they respond, and that begs a new obvious question. The tech support person should answer the next question I am going to ask. For example, I might ask how to do something, and then they tell me a certain way of doing it. Now I need information about it. Supply all the information in the first response, so I don't have to ask, "How do I use it?"
* Documentation: Everyone has the same questions. The documentation could be greatly improved by adding all the questions and answers that I have asked, let alone the tens of thousands of other customers.
* Logs: The free logging options are useless, and $100/month for real logs is silly. Our solution has been <http://papertrailapp.com> which has been outstanding. Use it. |
4,217,759 | I'm trying to decide between Heroku and Engineyard.
Heroku seems so much better but they charge for everything and their prices are crazy!
Why one should use Heroku over EY or vice versa? | 2010/11/18 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/4217759",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/435951/"
] | Everyone's needs are different, but the great thing is that its easy to experiment with these cloud deployment tools in quick fashion, and you will find that they each have their own strengths that you can leverage as you need.
What is most valuable to me, and my smaller clients, is to be able to experiment and get end-user feedback quickly. I have startup clients that want to be able to push out new ideas and test them quickly, deploy different combinations of ideas to different markets, get customer feedback, and keep moving forward. Launch a facebook app, a test server for an API integration client, a lightweight 'freemium' version of a product, etc. As traffic picks up, we make changes to scale up, and the increase in cost is never out of bounds (eg. our hosting costs are still well under the increase in value/revenue/marketing juice, etc).
EngineYard lets you play around with 500hrs for free, and you can easily turn it off when you are not using it, to stretch the 500hrs out. You can deploy your app quickly, deploy a CI server (that updates the app on every successful build), create a backup of your app or 'staging' server and see how it goes.
Amazon will give you 750hrs per month for free, for a year, if you are a new AWS customer. You can use this for a super fast CI server, hard-core image processing, batch reporting, whatever.
Personally I happen to use Heroku the most, as it just seems to work the best for my needs. I can put together a new application with full monitoring, backup, analytics, email, etc really fast, and feel confident in how to manage my setup (and confident that I can bring another person on board, and their learning curve will be pretty easy). As a freelancer, my use of Heroku has brought my setup time down to almost nothing, so I'm able to focus my time on understanding the business, and developing a great product. I'm not saying that can't be done on other platforms, I'm just saying heroku is working great for me in that way.
I do have one app that processes Voip data over UDP, so I'll need to figure out if I prefer amazon or engineyard for that (heroku won't let you open a UDP port, as far as I know).
I recently put together [a presentation on these tools](http://www.railsperformance.com/2011/11/cloud-tools-for-rapid-development.html), and how I use them. (it was for newer developers, so it may be too basic for this audience, but there is a list of pros/cons that others may find useful)
Also, I think this conversation does belong here, and not necessarily on a webmasters forum, because the choice of hosting platform will influence your development capabilities and architecture, and the people making the decision are developers, not 'webmasters' or systems people. | I might as well throw my opinion in here since I have **"tried"** to use EngineYard and **"successfully"** use Heroku. While I think both are potentially good choices, I found deploying to Heroku much easier. The ala-carte pricing for Heroku add-ons may add expense, but it also gives you the opportunity to add functionality immediately to your app. The largest expense for our app is the actual web dynos, followed by the database. **Heroku has a great selection of add-ons, many of which are free or low cost.**
EngineYard also seems like a great company but I think they "hold your hand" a little less than Heroku. For my company, the benefits of Heroku outweighed the cost issue. The read-only filesystem which is a platform feature of Heroku also forces you to learn some new tricks.
I now have several apps (small to medium) on Heroku and happily have my assets served up from s3.
**In the end, I would encourage you to try them both.** EngineYard offers a 500 hour trial (though that is computing hours, not necessarily real-time hours) and Heroku let's you get started right away for pretty much free.
**PS:** When selecting add-ons consider your choice carefully, just like when you choose gems for your project. I have experienced an add-on that I was using, simply flaming out and had to scramble to replace that functionality. What was it? Progstr-Filer, which I was using for file uploads. That was a lesson learned. |
4,217,759 | I'm trying to decide between Heroku and Engineyard.
Heroku seems so much better but they charge for everything and their prices are crazy!
Why one should use Heroku over EY or vice versa? | 2010/11/18 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/4217759",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/435951/"
] | I'd vote to use EngineYard over Heroku. Although you can probably deploy a large scale application on Heroku, there's a lot of lock-in you'll have to endure and the pricing can become crippling at higher levels of use.
EngineYard does provide application-level support, too, which is a fair bit better than what Heroku does.
If you're making a quick hobby application or simple demo site, Heroku is great for launching small, simple instances. If you're building a real application where it will need to scale, use EngineYard. | It depends of the condition. On some case, it's highly expensive
Here we can get a 24 GB o RAM dedicated server for 99 euros.
I can have it set up an running my rail app in less than half an hour, with a mongodb database, as many runner that I want, etc...
Additionally, I can add "small" other project (the ones that costs between 15$ and 35$ monthly at Heroku)
If your business require huge amount of data and processing power, my advice is to use a dedicated hosting and spend the time in managing and monitoring your app. |
4,217,759 | I'm trying to decide between Heroku and Engineyard.
Heroku seems so much better but they charge for everything and their prices are crazy!
Why one should use Heroku over EY or vice versa? | 2010/11/18 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/4217759",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/435951/"
] | We have been running our platform on Heroku for about 9 months, and I am very satisfied.
I think the biggest complaint that most people have is that it gets "expensive" when your site gets large or high traffic. Personally, I think it is much more effective to focus on growing your business or improving your value proposition than maintaining servers or figuring how to get Rails working. (It is no easy task unless you want to spend a lot of time figuring it out). I would much rather pay Heroku to manage the servers for me than hire someone.
Here's what's great about Heroku:
* Pretty easy to use. I didn't know anything about Rails when I got started, and Heroku was simple to get working.
* Good documentation for most things.
* OK tech support.
* Extremely cost effective when you are small.
Heroku is pretty smart, and I am sure they are going to read this, so here's what can be improved:
* Tech support: Typically you ask a question and they respond, and that begs a new obvious question. The tech support person should answer the next question I am going to ask. For example, I might ask how to do something, and then they tell me a certain way of doing it. Now I need information about it. Supply all the information in the first response, so I don't have to ask, "How do I use it?"
* Documentation: Everyone has the same questions. The documentation could be greatly improved by adding all the questions and answers that I have asked, let alone the tens of thousands of other customers.
* Logs: The free logging options are useless, and $100/month for real logs is silly. Our solution has been <http://papertrailapp.com> which has been outstanding. Use it. | It depends of the condition. On some case, it's highly expensive
Here we can get a 24 GB o RAM dedicated server for 99 euros.
I can have it set up an running my rail app in less than half an hour, with a mongodb database, as many runner that I want, etc...
Additionally, I can add "small" other project (the ones that costs between 15$ and 35$ monthly at Heroku)
If your business require huge amount of data and processing power, my advice is to use a dedicated hosting and spend the time in managing and monitoring your app. |
4,217,759 | I'm trying to decide between Heroku and Engineyard.
Heroku seems so much better but they charge for everything and their prices are crazy!
Why one should use Heroku over EY or vice versa? | 2010/11/18 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/4217759",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/435951/"
] | Heroku makes setup and launching of an app super-simple. You will be dependent to some degree on versions that Heroku supports (for instance, I heard today of a bundler versioning issue).
One thing to take into account with any "managed full-stack" solution like Heroku or EY is cost. You don't have to hire an ops person or have ops expertise, but you're still paying. Storage is where things get really expensive. Crank up your DB to a more than a few GB and watch the price go up.
We have in-house ops (was me doing it while coding, now a dedicated person) and run on Joyent. A big cost savings was having a few master-slave DBs and sharing them among a few dozen applications. We essentially have 100 Facebook apps running on Joyent at the same cost as 10 apps on Heroku. But this doesn't take into account the ops salary/time. | It depends of the condition. On some case, it's highly expensive
Here we can get a 24 GB o RAM dedicated server for 99 euros.
I can have it set up an running my rail app in less than half an hour, with a mongodb database, as many runner that I want, etc...
Additionally, I can add "small" other project (the ones that costs between 15$ and 35$ monthly at Heroku)
If your business require huge amount of data and processing power, my advice is to use a dedicated hosting and spend the time in managing and monitoring your app. |
133,548 | The Jaffa's "cobra" headgear rests high on the wearer's head, and the eyes of the wearer appear to be about midway up the cobra helmet's neck. At first I thought maybe they can look through an opening in the snake's mouth or something. But as you can see in this collage of screenshots showing the helmet opening, pic #3 clearly shows Teal'c's eyes obscured by the neck armor until the neck part slides down further to reveal more of the face.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ZwxXo.jpg)
How can anyone see anything out of the helmet when it is closed, let alone give any tactical advantage even if they do somehow have limited sight? I always felt any fear/intimidation of the headgear was vastly outweighed by how unpractical it is in battle. | 2016/07/02 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/133548",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/54605/"
] | After looking around a little...
The concensus seems to be that for the actors there is a slit between some of the plates that can be seen out of. Looking at pictures in the Question it looks like that wouldn't work at first glance, but look closely at them between the upper left and lower left the bottom piece has move around 2 inches I'd guess. If you were to match the distances up I would bet that the slit is in the exact same position as Teal'c's eyes when you return all the length that disappears.
As far as in-universe. There are several conflicting answers, but the most likely is that there is that the eyes work as cameras and projects a holographic display in front of them or the material is such that it's somewhat like a one-way mirror. The former is more likely what the creators envisioned. The latter is what would be aimed for in reality, because the former would really take some getting used to, if they could at all.
Of course there is also the possibility that there is no other tech involved and in-universe they just look through the slit. Helmets that Knights wore often seem to have ridiculously low visibility to us, but they still worked. | There is one scene in one episode where you get a view from inside of the helmets. Unfortunately I can't find it as I don't know what season it was or who it was but I can tell you that they work a lot like a periscope would on a submarine. With the eyes being where they see from and then that is then reflected down to where there eyes are. |
21,670 | My bike's shifter for lowering the rear gears is not working. It just slide all the way and "click", "click" sound comes but gear does't shift to lower ones. Its currently stuck at the 7th gear and won't shift. The cable also appears to be a little loose. What should I do? Please help. | 2014/05/23 | [
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/21670",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/users/11369/"
] | I found one insurance that will be of interest for Germans:
The insurance broker [OSD](http://de.osdinternational.com/inthvuv.htm) offers a liability insurance for German nationals that live temporarily abroad, for up to 5 years. The insurance company is called BDAE - Bund der Auslands-Erwerbstätigen, they work with Würzburger.
The liability explicitly covers bicycles "4. aus dem Besitz und dem Gebrauch von Fahrrädern;".
It has 5 million Eur coverage and is much cheaper than the renters insurance, about 100 Eur per year.
I haven't yet received a written confirmation from the U.S. based insurance that they cover bicycle liability, I'll post it when I get it. I am quite convinced that renters insurance would cover bike accidents, here is an older page with some good comments. [303 Cycling news](http://303cycling.com/what-cyclists-should-know-about-insurance)
**Update:**
I went with a German international liability insurance from Allianz. It is valid for up to 5 years abroad (no time restrictions for the EU), and the clock is reset with every visit back. They confirmed this in writing.
It costs about 90 Eur per year. The max liability amount is 30 M Eur.
The U.S. renters insurance was State Farm, they confirmed on the phone that they would cover bike liability, but they never replied to me when I asked for a written confirmation.
It would have cost $270 for $2M coverage.
Many of the other insurance companies in the U.S. only offer relatively meager amounts of coverage (~ 100k), so I would recommend a closer look at State Farm for anyone interested (please post an update in that case), I am certain that they would cover bike liability, I just did not want to dig through the insurance policy when they can't be bothered to reply. | Bob Mionske has been banging the insurance drum for years, and has a column from two years ago that links to an insurance product that's theoretically coming soon:
<http://www.bicyclelaw.com/road-rights/a.cfm/road-rights-just-in-case>
<http://spokeinsurance.com/>
Better World Club briefly offered such a service for bicycle members, but apparently discontinued it:
<http://www.betterworldclub.com/bicycles/bike_faq.cfm>
American liability insurance requirements are far lower than those in Germany, unfortunately, because we have structured our society so that, outside a few major cities, just about every idiot out there needs to be able to drive in order to live a normal life. California's minimum liability requirement is $15,000, which is exhausted in approximately 3 seconds in an American hospital:
<http://www.dmv.ca.gov/pubs%2Fbrochures/fast_facts/ffvr18.htm> |
100,249 | Standard password recovery involves sending a password reset mechanism to the user; either to email, sms or telephone call. However, if a phone has been stolen the thief has full access to these services, making the use of such a service not especially secure.
Memorable questions etc are not ideal, because they can be guessed (especially as the thief theoretically has access to Facebook where such data can be found).
Biometrics are not really there yet either (not all phones have fingerprint records) and facial recognition is easy to game.
**What is the best option for providing password recovery for a mobile application**, working on the assumption that the thief has access to the users other services? | 2015/09/14 | [
"https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/100249",
"https://security.stackexchange.com",
"https://security.stackexchange.com/users/22515/"
] | If you consider that a device is compromise, you cannot do anything that relies on sending information to the device.
This includes 2 factors authentication (SMS, or app) and emails.
The only option you have left is to base the account reset on the user knowing something (master password, security questions), or meeting face to face with said user (provided you can authenticate him physically). Alternatively, standard post-mail could be used if you have your client's address validated.
Today's applications do no bother to do this, since the client are always virtual and the only thing that ties someone to his account is his email address. This is why portable device protection are necessary for the user and there is nothing more a service provider can do to avoid this. | The options i could think were :
install the anti-theft apps ,some of the apps which would help you to control the screens and lock,manipulate the user sessions of browsing history too,if you were using android service like [android lost](https://www.androidlost.com/) might help u
logout the sessions and if possible keep some antitheft services on ur phone and lock your phone over the internet
other solutions would trick the thief to click over the malicious link sent by you and control your device,if the device was connected through wifi you could fetch the location of wifi and lock down the theif
last option might be injecting payload like [this](http://null-byte.wonderhowto.com/how-to/hack-android-using-kali-remotely-0160161/) and hack ur own phone |
100,249 | Standard password recovery involves sending a password reset mechanism to the user; either to email, sms or telephone call. However, if a phone has been stolen the thief has full access to these services, making the use of such a service not especially secure.
Memorable questions etc are not ideal, because they can be guessed (especially as the thief theoretically has access to Facebook where such data can be found).
Biometrics are not really there yet either (not all phones have fingerprint records) and facial recognition is easy to game.
**What is the best option for providing password recovery for a mobile application**, working on the assumption that the thief has access to the users other services? | 2015/09/14 | [
"https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/100249",
"https://security.stackexchange.com",
"https://security.stackexchange.com/users/22515/"
] | If you consider that a device is compromise, you cannot do anything that relies on sending information to the device.
This includes 2 factors authentication (SMS, or app) and emails.
The only option you have left is to base the account reset on the user knowing something (master password, security questions), or meeting face to face with said user (provided you can authenticate him physically). Alternatively, standard post-mail could be used if you have your client's address validated.
Today's applications do no bother to do this, since the client are always virtual and the only thing that ties someone to his account is his email address. This is why portable device protection are necessary for the user and there is nothing more a service provider can do to avoid this. | The most simple solution is using the phone number and/or the email address that **are not** stored on the device. They could be your family's ones or a backup email which is not logged in unless emergency case. You should encourage user to do that. |
100,249 | Standard password recovery involves sending a password reset mechanism to the user; either to email, sms or telephone call. However, if a phone has been stolen the thief has full access to these services, making the use of such a service not especially secure.
Memorable questions etc are not ideal, because they can be guessed (especially as the thief theoretically has access to Facebook where such data can be found).
Biometrics are not really there yet either (not all phones have fingerprint records) and facial recognition is easy to game.
**What is the best option for providing password recovery for a mobile application**, working on the assumption that the thief has access to the users other services? | 2015/09/14 | [
"https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/100249",
"https://security.stackexchange.com",
"https://security.stackexchange.com/users/22515/"
] | I absolutely loath security questions; guessable by bad guys in many cases, as you said, and users (including myself) forget them more often than some might expect. Other secret-keeping options would certainly work in principle. You could provide a generated recovery key at sign-up that users could enter into a web site or app at reset time, or make them come up with a five or six digit PIN themselves to unlock your phone app (which would include a link to a reset option that would satisfy one factor when activated), though you'd half to design and pen test the app unlock code to harden the heck out of it (if only phones had TPMs) and the security of it would be dependent on the strength of the PIN the user chose. But of course those problems are going to be in the mix with any kind of secret-element-based system that acts a lot like a password. Maybe generating a memorable but suitably random passphrase on sign-up in lieu of a recovery key..
But really, if we limit ourselves to a recovery process that doesn't involve something close to another password/PIN/passphrase/key, or biometrics, or separate-equipment-- those little one-time-code tokens sure can still be useful in 2015-- then you could go with the common method of having the user actually talk to a customer service agent and answer very specific verification questions drawn from whatever user data you're holding for them. Obviously, your reps better be well-trained to be properly thorough to thwart social engineering here, too. A more secure mechanism--if you have the user's name and address--would be to verify identity the way the U.S. Post Office does when you go to change your mailing address online: have a verification service (or roll your own) charge the user a small fee--say, $1. That forces the resetter to enter a valid credit/debit card number plus an associated valid billing address, etc. you can then match that validated name and address up with the user's information you have on file. If security is really, really important and immediate reset & access isn't, you could even go further and instead of verifying and resetting immediately you could verify and mail or FedEx a key to the validated address (with the user paying for the faster delivery if he or she chooses that route, of course), as others have suggested. Or you could make the user go get their identity verified by a notary (in the U.S., anyways). Or....
Anyway, a lot depends on how you come out on the balance of the importance of security vs. the importance of avoiding user inconvenience and letting the user regain access as quickly as possible. | The options i could think were :
install the anti-theft apps ,some of the apps which would help you to control the screens and lock,manipulate the user sessions of browsing history too,if you were using android service like [android lost](https://www.androidlost.com/) might help u
logout the sessions and if possible keep some antitheft services on ur phone and lock your phone over the internet
other solutions would trick the thief to click over the malicious link sent by you and control your device,if the device was connected through wifi you could fetch the location of wifi and lock down the theif
last option might be injecting payload like [this](http://null-byte.wonderhowto.com/how-to/hack-android-using-kali-remotely-0160161/) and hack ur own phone |
100,249 | Standard password recovery involves sending a password reset mechanism to the user; either to email, sms or telephone call. However, if a phone has been stolen the thief has full access to these services, making the use of such a service not especially secure.
Memorable questions etc are not ideal, because they can be guessed (especially as the thief theoretically has access to Facebook where such data can be found).
Biometrics are not really there yet either (not all phones have fingerprint records) and facial recognition is easy to game.
**What is the best option for providing password recovery for a mobile application**, working on the assumption that the thief has access to the users other services? | 2015/09/14 | [
"https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/100249",
"https://security.stackexchange.com",
"https://security.stackexchange.com/users/22515/"
] | I absolutely loath security questions; guessable by bad guys in many cases, as you said, and users (including myself) forget them more often than some might expect. Other secret-keeping options would certainly work in principle. You could provide a generated recovery key at sign-up that users could enter into a web site or app at reset time, or make them come up with a five or six digit PIN themselves to unlock your phone app (which would include a link to a reset option that would satisfy one factor when activated), though you'd half to design and pen test the app unlock code to harden the heck out of it (if only phones had TPMs) and the security of it would be dependent on the strength of the PIN the user chose. But of course those problems are going to be in the mix with any kind of secret-element-based system that acts a lot like a password. Maybe generating a memorable but suitably random passphrase on sign-up in lieu of a recovery key..
But really, if we limit ourselves to a recovery process that doesn't involve something close to another password/PIN/passphrase/key, or biometrics, or separate-equipment-- those little one-time-code tokens sure can still be useful in 2015-- then you could go with the common method of having the user actually talk to a customer service agent and answer very specific verification questions drawn from whatever user data you're holding for them. Obviously, your reps better be well-trained to be properly thorough to thwart social engineering here, too. A more secure mechanism--if you have the user's name and address--would be to verify identity the way the U.S. Post Office does when you go to change your mailing address online: have a verification service (or roll your own) charge the user a small fee--say, $1. That forces the resetter to enter a valid credit/debit card number plus an associated valid billing address, etc. you can then match that validated name and address up with the user's information you have on file. If security is really, really important and immediate reset & access isn't, you could even go further and instead of verifying and resetting immediately you could verify and mail or FedEx a key to the validated address (with the user paying for the faster delivery if he or she chooses that route, of course), as others have suggested. Or you could make the user go get their identity verified by a notary (in the U.S., anyways). Or....
Anyway, a lot depends on how you come out on the balance of the importance of security vs. the importance of avoiding user inconvenience and letting the user regain access as quickly as possible. | The most simple solution is using the phone number and/or the email address that **are not** stored on the device. They could be your family's ones or a backup email which is not logged in unless emergency case. You should encourage user to do that. |
95,562 | I managed to get a Bloodthirsty Medal with four pistol kill and a single knife kill. I was wondering, though, if I equip a Tactical Knife, does it count towards a medal if I knife someone with it? | 2012/12/09 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/95562",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/38126/"
] | Yes. It doesn't matter what weapon you use, as long as you get a 5 kill streak. 5 kills without dying. | I tried to get a bloodthirsty medal with the tactical knife -- it did not work. The tactical attachment holds your combat knife at the ready, which I suppose makes sense. Hope this helps. |
95,562 | I managed to get a Bloodthirsty Medal with four pistol kill and a single knife kill. I was wondering, though, if I equip a Tactical Knife, does it count towards a medal if I knife someone with it? | 2012/12/09 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/95562",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/38126/"
] | Yes. It doesn't matter what weapon you use, as long as you get a 5 kill streak. 5 kills without dying. | The kills you get with the Tac knife go toward your gun that your using (Commenly pistols). Since it counts as an attachment. |
95,562 | I managed to get a Bloodthirsty Medal with four pistol kill and a single knife kill. I was wondering, though, if I equip a Tactical Knife, does it count towards a medal if I knife someone with it? | 2012/12/09 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/95562",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/38126/"
] | I tried to get a bloodthirsty medal with the tactical knife -- it did not work. The tactical attachment holds your combat knife at the ready, which I suppose makes sense. Hope this helps. | The kills you get with the Tac knife go toward your gun that your using (Commenly pistols). Since it counts as an attachment. |
696,284 | Why is it considered necessary for the microwave oven to be a resonant cavity? If it wasn't resonant then the energy wouldn't have anywhere to go but in the food as well. So I don't understand the point of having a resonator.
PS: [a similar question was asked here](https://physics.stackexchange.com/q/511897/) but I'm not asking why a resonator resonates, but rather why it's necessary for cooking the food to have a resonator. | 2022/02/24 | [
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/696284",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/users/26275/"
] | The resonant cavity presents a minimum impedance mismatch between the magnetron and the cavity. This allows maximum transfer of power from the magnetron into the cavity and hence bathes the food inside with the maximum possible amount of microwave power.
In the impedance-matched case, the *load* (food sitting in the cavity) is purely *resistive* and is due to the water molecules in the food, with no *reactive* load component (which causes the radiation to reflect off the magnetron's output antenna and return to the magnetron instead of flowing into the cavity). | #edit - as pointed out, thanks Manu, efficiency as well as AC load (output impedance of the magnetron) concerns require the oven body to be a multi-mode resonant cavity. I should have remembered this in the first place, as there's the famous "trick" of measuring the speed of light by [par-cooking stuff in a microwave](https://www.instructables.com/How-To-Measure-the-Speed-of-Light-Using-Chocola/). Don't use a turntable; then the cooked spots will be an indicator of the fundamental wavelength.
The food chamber is [edited] also a fully sealed, so far as microwaves are concerned, box to prevent external escape of the microwave energy. The walls are metal so that the microwaves are reflected rather than absorbed, thus maximizing the efficiency of energy transfer into the food (which does absorb).
The magnetron itself is a resonant oscillator somewhat analogous to a laser cavity. |
696,284 | Why is it considered necessary for the microwave oven to be a resonant cavity? If it wasn't resonant then the energy wouldn't have anywhere to go but in the food as well. So I don't understand the point of having a resonator.
PS: [a similar question was asked here](https://physics.stackexchange.com/q/511897/) but I'm not asking why a resonator resonates, but rather why it's necessary for cooking the food to have a resonator. | 2022/02/24 | [
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/696284",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/users/26275/"
] | #edit - as pointed out, thanks Manu, efficiency as well as AC load (output impedance of the magnetron) concerns require the oven body to be a multi-mode resonant cavity. I should have remembered this in the first place, as there's the famous "trick" of measuring the speed of light by [par-cooking stuff in a microwave](https://www.instructables.com/How-To-Measure-the-Speed-of-Light-Using-Chocola/). Don't use a turntable; then the cooked spots will be an indicator of the fundamental wavelength.
The food chamber is [edited] also a fully sealed, so far as microwaves are concerned, box to prevent external escape of the microwave energy. The walls are metal so that the microwaves are reflected rather than absorbed, thus maximizing the efficiency of energy transfer into the food (which does absorb).
The magnetron itself is a resonant oscillator somewhat analogous to a laser cavity. | Non resonant loads always have a reactance component which causes reflected power back to the source. Consider a magnetron with an infinitely long waveguide terminated in a load. Just as in any RF transmission line, if the waveguide is not terminated in both the characteristic impedance Zo of the waveguide AND the output impedance of the source, a part of the transmitted energy will be reflected back to the source. Too much reflected energy can damage the source. Consider a waveguide with any odd integer multiple of 1/4 wavelength, looking into an open circuit. The result is a dead short at the source, usually accompanied by smoke and fire. The magnetron must operate into a finite VSWR of no more than 3:1 if it is to survive its design lifetime. Therefore the cavity must not present a large mismatch, and must be very close to multi mode resonance at 2.4 GHz. The characterization of standing waves in the cavity being more efficient at cooking the food is quite incidental. The standing waves must be there to prevent magnetron burnout. |
696,284 | Why is it considered necessary for the microwave oven to be a resonant cavity? If it wasn't resonant then the energy wouldn't have anywhere to go but in the food as well. So I don't understand the point of having a resonator.
PS: [a similar question was asked here](https://physics.stackexchange.com/q/511897/) but I'm not asking why a resonator resonates, but rather why it's necessary for cooking the food to have a resonator. | 2022/02/24 | [
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/696284",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/users/26275/"
] | The resonant cavity presents a minimum impedance mismatch between the magnetron and the cavity. This allows maximum transfer of power from the magnetron into the cavity and hence bathes the food inside with the maximum possible amount of microwave power.
In the impedance-matched case, the *load* (food sitting in the cavity) is purely *resistive* and is due to the water molecules in the food, with no *reactive* load component (which causes the radiation to reflect off the magnetron's output antenna and return to the magnetron instead of flowing into the cavity). | If there was no cavity then the microwaves would spill out of the microwave oven resulting in a major energy inefficiency over the with-cavity case. (Note that food could still cook this way, basically just blasting it with microwave from a microwave horn, it would just be less spatially even and much of the energy would likely be wasted.)
Given that we want the food to be in a microwave cavity, it is best that that cavity is impedance matched with the source so that the microwave energy is dissipated in the cavity with the food and not in the source electronics. |
696,284 | Why is it considered necessary for the microwave oven to be a resonant cavity? If it wasn't resonant then the energy wouldn't have anywhere to go but in the food as well. So I don't understand the point of having a resonator.
PS: [a similar question was asked here](https://physics.stackexchange.com/q/511897/) but I'm not asking why a resonator resonates, but rather why it's necessary for cooking the food to have a resonator. | 2022/02/24 | [
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/696284",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/users/26275/"
] | The resonant cavity presents a minimum impedance mismatch between the magnetron and the cavity. This allows maximum transfer of power from the magnetron into the cavity and hence bathes the food inside with the maximum possible amount of microwave power.
In the impedance-matched case, the *load* (food sitting in the cavity) is purely *resistive* and is due to the water molecules in the food, with no *reactive* load component (which causes the radiation to reflect off the magnetron's output antenna and return to the magnetron instead of flowing into the cavity). | If one puts some food in front of a radiating microwave antenna the food very likely absorbs a part of the wave energy but what reflects off or passes through will be lost forever in free space. Metal walls around the food reflect the waves back and they get a new chance to warm the food.
The walls of the chamber in a microwave owen including the door and its window are metallic and joined together without radiating gaps - at least no radiation at 2,45 GHz is wanted to the kitchen. The design of the door is far from trivial.
There's one hole left: The input. If a wave coming from the input fits well to the dimensions and wall directions of the resonator a substantial standing wave builds up into the chamber. It hopefully has a maximum inside the food.
A part of the wave bouncing forth and back between the walls is caught by the same antenna which feeds the chamber and goes back to the magnetron. The owen chamber should be seen as an extension of the resonators inside the magnetron. The extension hopefully has became lossy due the inserted food, not due radiating gaps nor lossy materials. The losses dissipate the microwave energy in the food.
If the chamber hadn't a resonant frequency near enough the signal frequency the standing wave buildup wouldn't happen. Leak from the magnetron to the chamber would still happen but the field strength maximum in the chamber would be substantially lower than with the resonance.
**You may think:** "What!!! If I output a kilowatt microwave from the magnetron to the metal chamber it unavoidably dissipates in the food because it's the only dissipating material - there's no need to have a resonator!" BUT: You do not output what you want, you output what the load takes. The rest finds its way back to the magnetron and prevents generating more. The way to maximize what the load takes is to design the chamber to have field intensity maximum in the food and that's a resonator. |
696,284 | Why is it considered necessary for the microwave oven to be a resonant cavity? If it wasn't resonant then the energy wouldn't have anywhere to go but in the food as well. So I don't understand the point of having a resonator.
PS: [a similar question was asked here](https://physics.stackexchange.com/q/511897/) but I'm not asking why a resonator resonates, but rather why it's necessary for cooking the food to have a resonator. | 2022/02/24 | [
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/696284",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/users/26275/"
] | The resonant cavity presents a minimum impedance mismatch between the magnetron and the cavity. This allows maximum transfer of power from the magnetron into the cavity and hence bathes the food inside with the maximum possible amount of microwave power.
In the impedance-matched case, the *load* (food sitting in the cavity) is purely *resistive* and is due to the water molecules in the food, with no *reactive* load component (which causes the radiation to reflect off the magnetron's output antenna and return to the magnetron instead of flowing into the cavity). | In microwave heating, the power absorbed, is proportional to the square of the electric field. In a resonnant cavity, the electric field adds up and therefore the heating is increased but even faster than the electric field itself. As a result, more energy is absorbed by the food and less is reflected to the magnetron under resonnance
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/EIEuj.png)
source :MICROWAVE POWER ABSORPTION IN SINGLE- AND
MULTIPLE-ITEM FOODS
H. ZHANG and A. K. DATTA (2003) |
696,284 | Why is it considered necessary for the microwave oven to be a resonant cavity? If it wasn't resonant then the energy wouldn't have anywhere to go but in the food as well. So I don't understand the point of having a resonator.
PS: [a similar question was asked here](https://physics.stackexchange.com/q/511897/) but I'm not asking why a resonator resonates, but rather why it's necessary for cooking the food to have a resonator. | 2022/02/24 | [
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/696284",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/users/26275/"
] | The resonant cavity presents a minimum impedance mismatch between the magnetron and the cavity. This allows maximum transfer of power from the magnetron into the cavity and hence bathes the food inside with the maximum possible amount of microwave power.
In the impedance-matched case, the *load* (food sitting in the cavity) is purely *resistive* and is due to the water molecules in the food, with no *reactive* load component (which causes the radiation to reflect off the magnetron's output antenna and return to the magnetron instead of flowing into the cavity). | Non resonant loads always have a reactance component which causes reflected power back to the source. Consider a magnetron with an infinitely long waveguide terminated in a load. Just as in any RF transmission line, if the waveguide is not terminated in both the characteristic impedance Zo of the waveguide AND the output impedance of the source, a part of the transmitted energy will be reflected back to the source. Too much reflected energy can damage the source. Consider a waveguide with any odd integer multiple of 1/4 wavelength, looking into an open circuit. The result is a dead short at the source, usually accompanied by smoke and fire. The magnetron must operate into a finite VSWR of no more than 3:1 if it is to survive its design lifetime. Therefore the cavity must not present a large mismatch, and must be very close to multi mode resonance at 2.4 GHz. The characterization of standing waves in the cavity being more efficient at cooking the food is quite incidental. The standing waves must be there to prevent magnetron burnout. |
696,284 | Why is it considered necessary for the microwave oven to be a resonant cavity? If it wasn't resonant then the energy wouldn't have anywhere to go but in the food as well. So I don't understand the point of having a resonator.
PS: [a similar question was asked here](https://physics.stackexchange.com/q/511897/) but I'm not asking why a resonator resonates, but rather why it's necessary for cooking the food to have a resonator. | 2022/02/24 | [
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/696284",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/users/26275/"
] | If there was no cavity then the microwaves would spill out of the microwave oven resulting in a major energy inefficiency over the with-cavity case. (Note that food could still cook this way, basically just blasting it with microwave from a microwave horn, it would just be less spatially even and much of the energy would likely be wasted.)
Given that we want the food to be in a microwave cavity, it is best that that cavity is impedance matched with the source so that the microwave energy is dissipated in the cavity with the food and not in the source electronics. | Non resonant loads always have a reactance component which causes reflected power back to the source. Consider a magnetron with an infinitely long waveguide terminated in a load. Just as in any RF transmission line, if the waveguide is not terminated in both the characteristic impedance Zo of the waveguide AND the output impedance of the source, a part of the transmitted energy will be reflected back to the source. Too much reflected energy can damage the source. Consider a waveguide with any odd integer multiple of 1/4 wavelength, looking into an open circuit. The result is a dead short at the source, usually accompanied by smoke and fire. The magnetron must operate into a finite VSWR of no more than 3:1 if it is to survive its design lifetime. Therefore the cavity must not present a large mismatch, and must be very close to multi mode resonance at 2.4 GHz. The characterization of standing waves in the cavity being more efficient at cooking the food is quite incidental. The standing waves must be there to prevent magnetron burnout. |
696,284 | Why is it considered necessary for the microwave oven to be a resonant cavity? If it wasn't resonant then the energy wouldn't have anywhere to go but in the food as well. So I don't understand the point of having a resonator.
PS: [a similar question was asked here](https://physics.stackexchange.com/q/511897/) but I'm not asking why a resonator resonates, but rather why it's necessary for cooking the food to have a resonator. | 2022/02/24 | [
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/696284",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/users/26275/"
] | If one puts some food in front of a radiating microwave antenna the food very likely absorbs a part of the wave energy but what reflects off or passes through will be lost forever in free space. Metal walls around the food reflect the waves back and they get a new chance to warm the food.
The walls of the chamber in a microwave owen including the door and its window are metallic and joined together without radiating gaps - at least no radiation at 2,45 GHz is wanted to the kitchen. The design of the door is far from trivial.
There's one hole left: The input. If a wave coming from the input fits well to the dimensions and wall directions of the resonator a substantial standing wave builds up into the chamber. It hopefully has a maximum inside the food.
A part of the wave bouncing forth and back between the walls is caught by the same antenna which feeds the chamber and goes back to the magnetron. The owen chamber should be seen as an extension of the resonators inside the magnetron. The extension hopefully has became lossy due the inserted food, not due radiating gaps nor lossy materials. The losses dissipate the microwave energy in the food.
If the chamber hadn't a resonant frequency near enough the signal frequency the standing wave buildup wouldn't happen. Leak from the magnetron to the chamber would still happen but the field strength maximum in the chamber would be substantially lower than with the resonance.
**You may think:** "What!!! If I output a kilowatt microwave from the magnetron to the metal chamber it unavoidably dissipates in the food because it's the only dissipating material - there's no need to have a resonator!" BUT: You do not output what you want, you output what the load takes. The rest finds its way back to the magnetron and prevents generating more. The way to maximize what the load takes is to design the chamber to have field intensity maximum in the food and that's a resonator. | Non resonant loads always have a reactance component which causes reflected power back to the source. Consider a magnetron with an infinitely long waveguide terminated in a load. Just as in any RF transmission line, if the waveguide is not terminated in both the characteristic impedance Zo of the waveguide AND the output impedance of the source, a part of the transmitted energy will be reflected back to the source. Too much reflected energy can damage the source. Consider a waveguide with any odd integer multiple of 1/4 wavelength, looking into an open circuit. The result is a dead short at the source, usually accompanied by smoke and fire. The magnetron must operate into a finite VSWR of no more than 3:1 if it is to survive its design lifetime. Therefore the cavity must not present a large mismatch, and must be very close to multi mode resonance at 2.4 GHz. The characterization of standing waves in the cavity being more efficient at cooking the food is quite incidental. The standing waves must be there to prevent magnetron burnout. |
696,284 | Why is it considered necessary for the microwave oven to be a resonant cavity? If it wasn't resonant then the energy wouldn't have anywhere to go but in the food as well. So I don't understand the point of having a resonator.
PS: [a similar question was asked here](https://physics.stackexchange.com/q/511897/) but I'm not asking why a resonator resonates, but rather why it's necessary for cooking the food to have a resonator. | 2022/02/24 | [
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/696284",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/users/26275/"
] | In microwave heating, the power absorbed, is proportional to the square of the electric field. In a resonnant cavity, the electric field adds up and therefore the heating is increased but even faster than the electric field itself. As a result, more energy is absorbed by the food and less is reflected to the magnetron under resonnance
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/EIEuj.png)
source :MICROWAVE POWER ABSORPTION IN SINGLE- AND
MULTIPLE-ITEM FOODS
H. ZHANG and A. K. DATTA (2003) | Non resonant loads always have a reactance component which causes reflected power back to the source. Consider a magnetron with an infinitely long waveguide terminated in a load. Just as in any RF transmission line, if the waveguide is not terminated in both the characteristic impedance Zo of the waveguide AND the output impedance of the source, a part of the transmitted energy will be reflected back to the source. Too much reflected energy can damage the source. Consider a waveguide with any odd integer multiple of 1/4 wavelength, looking into an open circuit. The result is a dead short at the source, usually accompanied by smoke and fire. The magnetron must operate into a finite VSWR of no more than 3:1 if it is to survive its design lifetime. Therefore the cavity must not present a large mismatch, and must be very close to multi mode resonance at 2.4 GHz. The characterization of standing waves in the cavity being more efficient at cooking the food is quite incidental. The standing waves must be there to prevent magnetron burnout. |
73,540,767 | I forgot my local airflow webserver password, it is possible to reset it?
I tried to create a new user, but it say that my account already exists, so I would like to reset the password. | 2022/08/30 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/73540767",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/10487253/"
] | I just deleted my user and created another with the same name, everything is working fine. | Steps:
1. Delete the existing user (or simply providing user should also do the work).
>
> airflow users delete -u user\_name -e email.
>
>
>
2. Again add the same user as below(for airflow versions >2):
>
> airflow users create --username admin --firstname admin --lastname
> admin --role Admin --email admin
>
>
> |
26,322,997 | I'm trying to develop android app something like `"Notes"`. The idea is to ask user to sign in to his google account and use his drive space to store his notes. Simply user should have his data with him & should pay for storage if necessary. Also in future this should work for Windows, iOS.
Till now, I have discovered Drive API and I'm confused. Its is showing 'me' the billing options.
Any idea? | 2014/10/12 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/26322997",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/3273962/"
] | the billing options you see are for your console project. you wont need to enable billing unless you will use up the daily quotas. the free quotas are very large, in the millions of calls per day. those quotas are not related to the space your files will use in each user's drive. they just refer to your right to call the apis with your console keys. | I'm not sure where you are seeing billing options, but the Drive API stores items in the user's Drive using the user's quota. |
86,286 | I am building a Drupal site (first ever) for a company that wants to move off of an outdated custom built CMS.
They have alot of content and we are pretty much keeping the content layout (fields) the same. And of course they want to have there content in the new Drupal site.
The Drupal database structure is pretty complex and I doubt a few simple insert queries will do the trick. I have written Python scripts to do stuff like this is in the past but not with a DB as complex as what Drupal sets up.
What options do I have for importing the old content into Drupal? | 2013/09/20 | [
"https://drupal.stackexchange.com/questions/86286",
"https://drupal.stackexchange.com",
"https://drupal.stackexchange.com/users/20330/"
] | You should use [Migrate](https://drupal.org/project/migrate) module.
>
> The migrate module provides a flexible framework for migrating content
> into Drupal from other sources (e.g., when converting a web site from
> another CMS to Drupal). Out-of-the-box, support for creating core
> Drupal objects such as nodes, users, files, terms, and comments are
> included - it can easily be extended for migrating other kinds of
> content. Content is imported and rolled back using a bundled web
> interface (Migrate UI module) or included Drush commands
>
>
> | The Migrate Module is what you want. The learning curve is a little steep but it'd handled whatever I could throw at it and I was able to get all my data into Profile2 fields as needed. |
86,286 | I am building a Drupal site (first ever) for a company that wants to move off of an outdated custom built CMS.
They have alot of content and we are pretty much keeping the content layout (fields) the same. And of course they want to have there content in the new Drupal site.
The Drupal database structure is pretty complex and I doubt a few simple insert queries will do the trick. I have written Python scripts to do stuff like this is in the past but not with a DB as complex as what Drupal sets up.
What options do I have for importing the old content into Drupal? | 2013/09/20 | [
"https://drupal.stackexchange.com/questions/86286",
"https://drupal.stackexchange.com",
"https://drupal.stackexchange.com/users/20330/"
] | You should use [Migrate](https://drupal.org/project/migrate) module.
>
> The migrate module provides a flexible framework for migrating content
> into Drupal from other sources (e.g., when converting a web site from
> another CMS to Drupal). Out-of-the-box, support for creating core
> Drupal objects such as nodes, users, files, terms, and comments are
> included - it can easily be extended for migrating other kinds of
> content. Content is imported and rolled back using a bundled web
> interface (Migrate UI module) or included Drush commands
>
>
> | If you can export your content to an xml,feeds is pretty easy to use. |
86,286 | I am building a Drupal site (first ever) for a company that wants to move off of an outdated custom built CMS.
They have alot of content and we are pretty much keeping the content layout (fields) the same. And of course they want to have there content in the new Drupal site.
The Drupal database structure is pretty complex and I doubt a few simple insert queries will do the trick. I have written Python scripts to do stuff like this is in the past but not with a DB as complex as what Drupal sets up.
What options do I have for importing the old content into Drupal? | 2013/09/20 | [
"https://drupal.stackexchange.com/questions/86286",
"https://drupal.stackexchange.com",
"https://drupal.stackexchange.com/users/20330/"
] | "Painless" data migration? You're kidding, right? :)
There are numerous answers suggesting the Migrate module. It is certainliy an option, but one I've never liked. I've done dozens of projects with migrations of content from external systems into Drupal (sometimes from multiple external sources simulteneously), including projects with millions of pieces of content, and I'll argue 'til my death that a Batch API implementation in a custom module is the way to go.
No two migrations are the same. Each individual migration will involve 'proprietary' cleanup, data sanitization/changes, etc. The only way to have total control is with an entirely custom script. Don't settle for an easy "80% of the way there" via a generic tool and then struggle for weeks as you bash yourself against that 20% that the tool doesn't handle.
Do it custom, use Entity Metadata Wrappers, and track legacy <--> new content ids in a separate db table.
It may also be an option to simply 'dump' the existing content, markup and all, into a 'legacy' content type and call it a day without moving things into fields and complicating your life. You should sit down with the client and figure out exactly what they want/need, and what they're willing to settle for. Sometimes a simple solution that is just "okay" is a heck of a lot better than the multi-month project that's "awesome." | You should use [Migrate](https://drupal.org/project/migrate) module.
>
> The migrate module provides a flexible framework for migrating content
> into Drupal from other sources (e.g., when converting a web site from
> another CMS to Drupal). Out-of-the-box, support for creating core
> Drupal objects such as nodes, users, files, terms, and comments are
> included - it can easily be extended for migrating other kinds of
> content. Content is imported and rolled back using a bundled web
> interface (Migrate UI module) or included Drush commands
>
>
> |
86,286 | I am building a Drupal site (first ever) for a company that wants to move off of an outdated custom built CMS.
They have alot of content and we are pretty much keeping the content layout (fields) the same. And of course they want to have there content in the new Drupal site.
The Drupal database structure is pretty complex and I doubt a few simple insert queries will do the trick. I have written Python scripts to do stuff like this is in the past but not with a DB as complex as what Drupal sets up.
What options do I have for importing the old content into Drupal? | 2013/09/20 | [
"https://drupal.stackexchange.com/questions/86286",
"https://drupal.stackexchange.com",
"https://drupal.stackexchange.com/users/20330/"
] | Just wanted to add for simple migration cases:
Migrate module is the most flexible, although for simple CMS data you can use the feeds module to import data, XML or CSV etc, after first exporting from the originating CMS via whatever method.
see: <https://drupal.org/project/feeds>
tutorials: <https://drupal.org/node/622698> and <http://developmentseed.org/blog/2009/dec/15/importing-and-aggregating-stuff-feeds/>
of course the content types and fields will need to all exist in the new Drupal 7 install.
However, if the CMS data is fairly complex, go with Migrate.
<https://drupal.org/project/migrate>
and the <https://drupal.org/project/migrate_extras> can also be helpful for more flexibility. | The Migrate Module is what you want. The learning curve is a little steep but it'd handled whatever I could throw at it and I was able to get all my data into Profile2 fields as needed. |
86,286 | I am building a Drupal site (first ever) for a company that wants to move off of an outdated custom built CMS.
They have alot of content and we are pretty much keeping the content layout (fields) the same. And of course they want to have there content in the new Drupal site.
The Drupal database structure is pretty complex and I doubt a few simple insert queries will do the trick. I have written Python scripts to do stuff like this is in the past but not with a DB as complex as what Drupal sets up.
What options do I have for importing the old content into Drupal? | 2013/09/20 | [
"https://drupal.stackexchange.com/questions/86286",
"https://drupal.stackexchange.com",
"https://drupal.stackexchange.com/users/20330/"
] | If you can export your content to an xml,feeds is pretty easy to use. | The Migrate Module is what you want. The learning curve is a little steep but it'd handled whatever I could throw at it and I was able to get all my data into Profile2 fields as needed. |
86,286 | I am building a Drupal site (first ever) for a company that wants to move off of an outdated custom built CMS.
They have alot of content and we are pretty much keeping the content layout (fields) the same. And of course they want to have there content in the new Drupal site.
The Drupal database structure is pretty complex and I doubt a few simple insert queries will do the trick. I have written Python scripts to do stuff like this is in the past but not with a DB as complex as what Drupal sets up.
What options do I have for importing the old content into Drupal? | 2013/09/20 | [
"https://drupal.stackexchange.com/questions/86286",
"https://drupal.stackexchange.com",
"https://drupal.stackexchange.com/users/20330/"
] | "Painless" data migration? You're kidding, right? :)
There are numerous answers suggesting the Migrate module. It is certainliy an option, but one I've never liked. I've done dozens of projects with migrations of content from external systems into Drupal (sometimes from multiple external sources simulteneously), including projects with millions of pieces of content, and I'll argue 'til my death that a Batch API implementation in a custom module is the way to go.
No two migrations are the same. Each individual migration will involve 'proprietary' cleanup, data sanitization/changes, etc. The only way to have total control is with an entirely custom script. Don't settle for an easy "80% of the way there" via a generic tool and then struggle for weeks as you bash yourself against that 20% that the tool doesn't handle.
Do it custom, use Entity Metadata Wrappers, and track legacy <--> new content ids in a separate db table.
It may also be an option to simply 'dump' the existing content, markup and all, into a 'legacy' content type and call it a day without moving things into fields and complicating your life. You should sit down with the client and figure out exactly what they want/need, and what they're willing to settle for. Sometimes a simple solution that is just "okay" is a heck of a lot better than the multi-month project that's "awesome." | The Migrate Module is what you want. The learning curve is a little steep but it'd handled whatever I could throw at it and I was able to get all my data into Profile2 fields as needed. |
86,286 | I am building a Drupal site (first ever) for a company that wants to move off of an outdated custom built CMS.
They have alot of content and we are pretty much keeping the content layout (fields) the same. And of course they want to have there content in the new Drupal site.
The Drupal database structure is pretty complex and I doubt a few simple insert queries will do the trick. I have written Python scripts to do stuff like this is in the past but not with a DB as complex as what Drupal sets up.
What options do I have for importing the old content into Drupal? | 2013/09/20 | [
"https://drupal.stackexchange.com/questions/86286",
"https://drupal.stackexchange.com",
"https://drupal.stackexchange.com/users/20330/"
] | Just wanted to add for simple migration cases:
Migrate module is the most flexible, although for simple CMS data you can use the feeds module to import data, XML or CSV etc, after first exporting from the originating CMS via whatever method.
see: <https://drupal.org/project/feeds>
tutorials: <https://drupal.org/node/622698> and <http://developmentseed.org/blog/2009/dec/15/importing-and-aggregating-stuff-feeds/>
of course the content types and fields will need to all exist in the new Drupal 7 install.
However, if the CMS data is fairly complex, go with Migrate.
<https://drupal.org/project/migrate>
and the <https://drupal.org/project/migrate_extras> can also be helpful for more flexibility. | If you can export your content to an xml,feeds is pretty easy to use. |
86,286 | I am building a Drupal site (first ever) for a company that wants to move off of an outdated custom built CMS.
They have alot of content and we are pretty much keeping the content layout (fields) the same. And of course they want to have there content in the new Drupal site.
The Drupal database structure is pretty complex and I doubt a few simple insert queries will do the trick. I have written Python scripts to do stuff like this is in the past but not with a DB as complex as what Drupal sets up.
What options do I have for importing the old content into Drupal? | 2013/09/20 | [
"https://drupal.stackexchange.com/questions/86286",
"https://drupal.stackexchange.com",
"https://drupal.stackexchange.com/users/20330/"
] | "Painless" data migration? You're kidding, right? :)
There are numerous answers suggesting the Migrate module. It is certainliy an option, but one I've never liked. I've done dozens of projects with migrations of content from external systems into Drupal (sometimes from multiple external sources simulteneously), including projects with millions of pieces of content, and I'll argue 'til my death that a Batch API implementation in a custom module is the way to go.
No two migrations are the same. Each individual migration will involve 'proprietary' cleanup, data sanitization/changes, etc. The only way to have total control is with an entirely custom script. Don't settle for an easy "80% of the way there" via a generic tool and then struggle for weeks as you bash yourself against that 20% that the tool doesn't handle.
Do it custom, use Entity Metadata Wrappers, and track legacy <--> new content ids in a separate db table.
It may also be an option to simply 'dump' the existing content, markup and all, into a 'legacy' content type and call it a day without moving things into fields and complicating your life. You should sit down with the client and figure out exactly what they want/need, and what they're willing to settle for. Sometimes a simple solution that is just "okay" is a heck of a lot better than the multi-month project that's "awesome." | Just wanted to add for simple migration cases:
Migrate module is the most flexible, although for simple CMS data you can use the feeds module to import data, XML or CSV etc, after first exporting from the originating CMS via whatever method.
see: <https://drupal.org/project/feeds>
tutorials: <https://drupal.org/node/622698> and <http://developmentseed.org/blog/2009/dec/15/importing-and-aggregating-stuff-feeds/>
of course the content types and fields will need to all exist in the new Drupal 7 install.
However, if the CMS data is fairly complex, go with Migrate.
<https://drupal.org/project/migrate>
and the <https://drupal.org/project/migrate_extras> can also be helpful for more flexibility. |
86,286 | I am building a Drupal site (first ever) for a company that wants to move off of an outdated custom built CMS.
They have alot of content and we are pretty much keeping the content layout (fields) the same. And of course they want to have there content in the new Drupal site.
The Drupal database structure is pretty complex and I doubt a few simple insert queries will do the trick. I have written Python scripts to do stuff like this is in the past but not with a DB as complex as what Drupal sets up.
What options do I have for importing the old content into Drupal? | 2013/09/20 | [
"https://drupal.stackexchange.com/questions/86286",
"https://drupal.stackexchange.com",
"https://drupal.stackexchange.com/users/20330/"
] | "Painless" data migration? You're kidding, right? :)
There are numerous answers suggesting the Migrate module. It is certainliy an option, but one I've never liked. I've done dozens of projects with migrations of content from external systems into Drupal (sometimes from multiple external sources simulteneously), including projects with millions of pieces of content, and I'll argue 'til my death that a Batch API implementation in a custom module is the way to go.
No two migrations are the same. Each individual migration will involve 'proprietary' cleanup, data sanitization/changes, etc. The only way to have total control is with an entirely custom script. Don't settle for an easy "80% of the way there" via a generic tool and then struggle for weeks as you bash yourself against that 20% that the tool doesn't handle.
Do it custom, use Entity Metadata Wrappers, and track legacy <--> new content ids in a separate db table.
It may also be an option to simply 'dump' the existing content, markup and all, into a 'legacy' content type and call it a day without moving things into fields and complicating your life. You should sit down with the client and figure out exactly what they want/need, and what they're willing to settle for. Sometimes a simple solution that is just "okay" is a heck of a lot better than the multi-month project that's "awesome." | If you can export your content to an xml,feeds is pretty easy to use. |
8,634,401 | Is there a setting which will deny inserting row if that row already exists (excluding ID)? | 2011/12/26 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/8634401",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1010078/"
] | If you want to check it in your application, you can use [ASPxGridView.RowInserting](http://documentation.devexpress.com/#AspNet/DevExpressWebASPxGridViewASPxGridView_RowInsertingtopic) event. Just set `e.Cancel` to true if you want to deny row insert. However, this will not prevent direct sql row insert or inserting from some other piece of code in your application. | It’s recommended to control this situation at a datasource level.
Add the required CHECK constraint or INSERT trigger to automatically prevent an inserting operation. This option allows you to handle such situation independent from UI implementation:
<http://www.dmxzone.com/go?4615> |
66,856 | Wubi freezes when it's almost done copying files. The cursor still has the spinning animation, but everything becomes unresponsive to mouse clicks. Any idea how to fix this? | 2011/10/15 | [
"https://askubuntu.com/questions/66856",
"https://askubuntu.com",
"https://askubuntu.com/users/-1/"
] | On menu of boot up press F6. Check one or all of them. See what works for you. I was able to install after this. | Check MD5 and SHA1, i think you are using windows. You can use HashTab on Win & Mac. Here is download page. <http://implbits.com/HashTab.aspx> |
384,413 | I went to the site <http://www.whatismyip.com> . It showed a ip that is not my system's ip and it also showed the proxy server's ip address. So I assumed that the nat router is providing a public ip for my system.
But when I went to the same site from another pc in the same lan. It showed the same ip address again.
So it must be **overloading** nat right? But overloading nat assigns a unique port number to your machine(since the ip address is the same for all the machines in that lan). But <http://www.whatismyip.com> does not show the port number. Why is that so? | 2012/04/30 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/384413",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/119078/"
] | >
> But whatismyip.com does not show the port number. Why is that so?
>
>
>
A unique port is assigned for each unique connection, not per host behind the NAT.
A NAT must be able to figure out not only what IP address to return a packet to, but also what port.
The NAT table has to have more information to re-write packets in both directions
* destination IP
* destination port
* external source IP (assigned by NAT)
* external source port (assigned by NAT)
* internal source IP
* internal source port
When a reply returns from an external host, the NAT will lookup the correct internal source IP and port based on the external source IP and Port that was assigned to the connection.
The port used by the actual host behind the NAT has nothing to do with the port selected and used by the NAT. | >
> So it must be overloading nat right? But overloading nat assigns a
> unique port number to your machine(since the ip address is the same
> for all the machines in that lan). But <http://www.whatismyip.com> does
> not show the port number. Why is that so?
>
>
>
Simple. Because the web application at <http://www.whatismyip.com> does not keep track of ports. It sends the communication back on the outbound port that the original communication came in on, and your firewall manages that NATing. I'm sure the <http://www.whatismyip.com> app could be told to display the port if the developers wanted it to, but they did not implement that as a feature. |
4,587 | How to ask the position(?) of a president (like 10th) of a country, correctly? | 2013/03/27 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/4587",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/148/"
] | I don't particularly like the way this sentence sounds, but I think it's the clearest way to ask your question without being over-elaborate:
>
> What number president was Taft?
>
>
>
So I suggest you say that. But since I don't really like the sound of it, I'll discuss a few other ways to say the same thing:
---
I like this sentence much better, but it's pretty ambiguous:
>
> Which president was Taft?
>
>
>
. . . so we could probably clarify it a bit. In informal speech, I might say the following:
>
> Which president was Taft, like the thirtieth? Thirty-first?
>
>
>
Less informally:
>
> Which president was Taft? For example, was he the thirtieth president?
>
>
>
Since I gave examples of answers, it's clear what I meant.
You can, of course, spell out exactly what you mean. I avoided doing so because it's difficult to do so *concisely*. We can write the following sentence, which is precise and acceptable:
>
> In the chronological sequence of Presidents of the United States, which position did Taft occupy?
>
>
>
. . . but it sounds unwieldy to me. | I would use this:
>
> At what number does Obama stand in the sequence of American
> Presidents?
>
>
>
Another option though not so good:
>
> What is Obama's serial number among the American Presidents?
>
>
> |
4,587 | How to ask the position(?) of a president (like 10th) of a country, correctly? | 2013/03/27 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/4587",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/148/"
] | Probably this is the ***first*** question on this particular issue here on ELL, but it's been asked [many times before](https://english.stackexchange.com/q/13662/2637) on ELU. That link is to the one kept open while duplicates are closed (about once a month!).
As the answers there will show, there isn't any "natural" way to succinctly phrase such a question in English. Informally, people sometimes ask things like
>
> [*"Obama is the **how-many'th** president of the US?"*](https://english.stackexchange.com/a/13665/2637)
>
> [*"This question*](https://english.stackexchange.com/q/77222/2637) is the **what'th** on the subject?".
>
>
>
but they're not at all standard. The best I can think of that remains strictly "grammatical" is...
>
> [*"What is the **ordinality** of Obama among US presidents?"*](https://english.stackexchange.com/a/14992/2637)
>
>
>
...but I don't recommend learners bothering with that either, since not all native speakers would even understand you. Although it's not really "correct", most people would probably just ask something like...
>
> *"What number president is Obama?"*
>
>
> | I think it can be asked in this way also.
>
> Where does Obama come among American presidents?
>
>
> |
4,587 | How to ask the position(?) of a president (like 10th) of a country, correctly? | 2013/03/27 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/4587",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/148/"
] | I would use this:
>
> At what number does Obama stand in the sequence of American
> Presidents?
>
>
>
Another option though not so good:
>
> What is Obama's serial number among the American Presidents?
>
>
> | I think it can be asked in this way also.
>
> Where does Obama come among American presidents?
>
>
> |
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