qid int64 1 74.7M | question stringlengths 12 33.8k | date stringlengths 10 10 | metadata list | response_j stringlengths 0 115k | response_k stringlengths 2 98.3k |
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78,785 | I have seen both of the following formats used:
Copyright © Some Company 2021-2022
Copyright © 2021-2022 Some Company
Which one of these is correct? Which should go first? If both are valid, are there situations in which one is preferred? | 2022/03/23 | [
"https://law.stackexchange.com/questions/78785",
"https://law.stackexchange.com",
"https://law.stackexchange.com/users/10462/"
] | In the US, the relevant law is [17 USC 401](https://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap4.html) which provides in relevant part:
>
> (a) General Provisions.—Whenever a work protected under this title is published in the United States or elsewhere by authority of the copyright owner, a notice of copyright as provided by this section **may** be placed on publicly distributed copies from which the work can be visually perceived, either directly or with the aid of a machine or device. [*emphasis added*]
>
>
> (b) Form of Notice.—If a notice appears on the copies, it shall consist of the following three elements:
>
>
> (b)(1) the symbol © (the letter C in a circle), or the word “Copyright”, or the abbreviation “Copr.”; and
>
>
> (b)(2) the year of first publication of the work; in the case of compilations or derivative works incorporating previously published material, the year date of first publication of the compilation or derivative work is sufficient. The year date may be omitted where a pictorial, graphic, or sculptural work, with accompanying text matter, if any, is reproduced in or on greeting cards, postcards, stationery, jewelry, dolls, toys, or any useful articles; and
>
>
> (b)(3) the name of the owner of copyright in the work, or an abbreviation by which the name can be recognized, or a generally known alternative designation of the owner.
>
>
> (c) Position of Notice.—The notice shall be affixed to the copies in such manner and location as to give reasonable notice of the claim of copyright. The Register of Copyrights shall prescribe by regulation, as examples, specific methods of affixation and positions of the notice on various types of works that will satisfy this requirement, but these specifications shall not be considered exhaustive.
>
>
> (d) Evidentiary Weight of Notice.—If a notice of copyright in the form and position specified by this section appears on the published copy or copies to which a defendant in a copyright infringement suit had access, then no weight shall be given to such a defendant’s interposition of a defense based on innocent infringement in mitigation of actual or statutory damages, except as provided in the last sentence of section 504(2).
>
>
>
Note that this section lists the three elements in the order 1) symbol or word, 2) year, 3) owner's name. However, it does not explicitly require this order. As the notice is no longer required at all, and as the sole purpose is "to give reasonable notice of the claim of copyright" and to defeat a defense of "innocent infringement", the order is probably not significant. But I would follow the text of the law and list the elements in teh same order that 17 USC 401 (b) does, that is, word or symbol fist, year second, name third. For example
>
> Copyright © 2022 Jane Jones
>
>
>
But other forms probably have identical legal significance.
Note that "Copyright ©" is a redundancy and perhaps I should not have used it in the example here. But it is what I in fact use, and many commercial publishers do the same. I do it because I think the word will be clearest to many English-speaking people, but the symbol will be clearest internationally,
Note also that a notice is no longer legally required. Under US law, until 1 January 1978 (the effective date of the 1976 Copyright Act) any publication without a notice caused the work to enter the public domain at once. After that, until 1 March 1989, any publication without a notice caused the work to enter the public domain in five years, unless the work was registered within that time. Once a work enters the public domain, there is no copyright in that work at all.
Ever since 1 March 1989, omission of a notice never causes a work to enter the public domain under US law, and currently, to the best of my understanding, a notice is not legally required in any country in the world, although it has some legal value under US law. | The law does not mandate giving such a statement, and does not mandate what such a statement can or must contain. From the legal perspective, there is no preference. Whether or not there is a statistical tendency to observe one order versus another is purley outside the domain of law. |
78,785 | I have seen both of the following formats used:
Copyright © Some Company 2021-2022
Copyright © 2021-2022 Some Company
Which one of these is correct? Which should go first? If both are valid, are there situations in which one is preferred? | 2022/03/23 | [
"https://law.stackexchange.com/questions/78785",
"https://law.stackexchange.com",
"https://law.stackexchange.com/users/10462/"
] | The law does not mandate giving such a statement, and does not mandate what such a statement can or must contain. From the legal perspective, there is no preference. Whether or not there is a statistical tendency to observe one order versus another is purley outside the domain of law. | At one time leaving off the circle with the c meant that if you had to sue for copyright infringement, that you could not recover court and legal costs even if you won the case. This may have changed. |
78,785 | I have seen both of the following formats used:
Copyright © Some Company 2021-2022
Copyright © 2021-2022 Some Company
Which one of these is correct? Which should go first? If both are valid, are there situations in which one is preferred? | 2022/03/23 | [
"https://law.stackexchange.com/questions/78785",
"https://law.stackexchange.com",
"https://law.stackexchange.com/users/10462/"
] | In the US, the relevant law is [17 USC 401](https://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap4.html) which provides in relevant part:
>
> (a) General Provisions.—Whenever a work protected under this title is published in the United States or elsewhere by authority of the copyright owner, a notice of copyright as provided by this section **may** be placed on publicly distributed copies from which the work can be visually perceived, either directly or with the aid of a machine or device. [*emphasis added*]
>
>
> (b) Form of Notice.—If a notice appears on the copies, it shall consist of the following three elements:
>
>
> (b)(1) the symbol © (the letter C in a circle), or the word “Copyright”, or the abbreviation “Copr.”; and
>
>
> (b)(2) the year of first publication of the work; in the case of compilations or derivative works incorporating previously published material, the year date of first publication of the compilation or derivative work is sufficient. The year date may be omitted where a pictorial, graphic, or sculptural work, with accompanying text matter, if any, is reproduced in or on greeting cards, postcards, stationery, jewelry, dolls, toys, or any useful articles; and
>
>
> (b)(3) the name of the owner of copyright in the work, or an abbreviation by which the name can be recognized, or a generally known alternative designation of the owner.
>
>
> (c) Position of Notice.—The notice shall be affixed to the copies in such manner and location as to give reasonable notice of the claim of copyright. The Register of Copyrights shall prescribe by regulation, as examples, specific methods of affixation and positions of the notice on various types of works that will satisfy this requirement, but these specifications shall not be considered exhaustive.
>
>
> (d) Evidentiary Weight of Notice.—If a notice of copyright in the form and position specified by this section appears on the published copy or copies to which a defendant in a copyright infringement suit had access, then no weight shall be given to such a defendant’s interposition of a defense based on innocent infringement in mitigation of actual or statutory damages, except as provided in the last sentence of section 504(2).
>
>
>
Note that this section lists the three elements in the order 1) symbol or word, 2) year, 3) owner's name. However, it does not explicitly require this order. As the notice is no longer required at all, and as the sole purpose is "to give reasonable notice of the claim of copyright" and to defeat a defense of "innocent infringement", the order is probably not significant. But I would follow the text of the law and list the elements in teh same order that 17 USC 401 (b) does, that is, word or symbol fist, year second, name third. For example
>
> Copyright © 2022 Jane Jones
>
>
>
But other forms probably have identical legal significance.
Note that "Copyright ©" is a redundancy and perhaps I should not have used it in the example here. But it is what I in fact use, and many commercial publishers do the same. I do it because I think the word will be clearest to many English-speaking people, but the symbol will be clearest internationally,
Note also that a notice is no longer legally required. Under US law, until 1 January 1978 (the effective date of the 1976 Copyright Act) any publication without a notice caused the work to enter the public domain at once. After that, until 1 March 1989, any publication without a notice caused the work to enter the public domain in five years, unless the work was registered within that time. Once a work enters the public domain, there is no copyright in that work at all.
Ever since 1 March 1989, omission of a notice never causes a work to enter the public domain under US law, and currently, to the best of my understanding, a notice is not legally required in any country in the world, although it has some legal value under US law. | At one time leaving off the circle with the c meant that if you had to sue for copyright infringement, that you could not recover court and legal costs even if you won the case. This may have changed. |
19,205,180 | I have used backbone boilerplate on the past
<https://github.com/backbone-boilerplate/backbone-boilerplate>
I want to use marionette on my next project and I have found this
<https://github.com/BoilerplateMVC/Marionette-Require-Boilerplate>
My question is if it's a good idea to go with the marionette boilerplate or start form scratch. | 2013/10/06 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/19205180",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/650690/"
] | As an aside, I'd like to suggest you give Yeoman a shot for scaffolding your first Marionette app. Yeoman works via what are called "generators", and provide much more than the the above Boilerplate MVC can offer you (Chai and Sinon for testing, Bower for client-side package management, etc...). Plus, Addy Osmani, who runs [backbone-boilerplates](https://github.com/addyosmani/backbone-boilerplates) is one of the heads of the project. Check out [generator-marionette here.](https://github.com/mrichard/generator-marionette) | I haven't used BoilerPlate, but glancing through it, it certainly seems like a valid approach to writing Marionette apps. If you're just getting started it will certainly help you see how the various pieces are supposed to be used. One gripe I've got is the folder structure. I prefer to break my applications down into modules, and then add models, collections, views, etc under each module. But this will certainly get you up and running quick, and there's nothing stopping you from customizing it to suit your needs. |
19,205,180 | I have used backbone boilerplate on the past
<https://github.com/backbone-boilerplate/backbone-boilerplate>
I want to use marionette on my next project and I have found this
<https://github.com/BoilerplateMVC/Marionette-Require-Boilerplate>
My question is if it's a good idea to go with the marionette boilerplate or start form scratch. | 2013/10/06 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/19205180",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/650690/"
] | As an aside, I'd like to suggest you give Yeoman a shot for scaffolding your first Marionette app. Yeoman works via what are called "generators", and provide much more than the the above Boilerplate MVC can offer you (Chai and Sinon for testing, Bower for client-side package management, etc...). Plus, Addy Osmani, who runs [backbone-boilerplates](https://github.com/addyosmani/backbone-boilerplates) is one of the heads of the project. Check out [generator-marionette here.](https://github.com/mrichard/generator-marionette) | I agree with others here: it is a useless limitation to imitate a folder structure that follows the 'old mvc model for server-side code'. You will remain more flexible further down the road if you think of your application strictly as completely self-containing modules, i.e. they contain their own controller/router/views/collections/templates etc. You can have a separate folder structure for shared code that is not a module, although anything can be made a module :)
Regarding boilerplate code and generators: i think in the beginning you should actually NOT do it, because you won't understand what you're doing. But that's just my personal opinion. |
13,619 | I had a cat that urinated on the landing of my stairs a few years ago. I removed the carpet and wipe it down when I vacuum the steps. I am wondering if the vinegar and baking soda combo and then a product like [Kilz](https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjD-JmQ2oTOAhXBNI8KHVIOD7kQjRwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.homedepot.com%2Fp%2FKILZ-ORIGINAL-1-gal-White-Oil-Based-Interior-Primer-Sealer-and-Stain-Blocker-10901%2F100371321&bvm=bv.127521224,d.c2I&psig=AFQjCNHm7jLzKjFCS66pYsw9UpgpK8IjEg&ust=1469195560155731) will work? I want to re-carpet the landing. | 2016/07/21 | [
"https://lifehacks.stackexchange.com/questions/13619",
"https://lifehacks.stackexchange.com",
"https://lifehacks.stackexchange.com/users/15923/"
] | >
> When I am using my laptop for more than 30 min
>
>
>
I would suggest to see a doctor and check your vision first. It may be as simple as dry eyes but IMHO worth checking.
A separate note on reducing the brightness.. In very rare cases it is actually dimming that causes a very rare type of photophobia where a person cannot stand flashing light. Every modern light bulb (including those in LCD screens) flash with a high frequency. Dimming controls time span of every little flash. When you reduce the brightness it flashes more and causes more irritation. In this case an alternative may be to set it to full brightness but reduce the colour components so that the screen does not look bright. | Practice this simple but effective **20-20-20** exercise.
It's really *EASY* to do and a good habit to adopt.
Every TWENTY minutes,
look at something TWENTY feet away
for TWENTY seconds. |
13,619 | I had a cat that urinated on the landing of my stairs a few years ago. I removed the carpet and wipe it down when I vacuum the steps. I am wondering if the vinegar and baking soda combo and then a product like [Kilz](https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjD-JmQ2oTOAhXBNI8KHVIOD7kQjRwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.homedepot.com%2Fp%2FKILZ-ORIGINAL-1-gal-White-Oil-Based-Interior-Primer-Sealer-and-Stain-Blocker-10901%2F100371321&bvm=bv.127521224,d.c2I&psig=AFQjCNHm7jLzKjFCS66pYsw9UpgpK8IjEg&ust=1469195560155731) will work? I want to re-carpet the landing. | 2016/07/21 | [
"https://lifehacks.stackexchange.com/questions/13619",
"https://lifehacks.stackexchange.com",
"https://lifehacks.stackexchange.com/users/15923/"
] | It's ***your diet*** that's the problem.
In almost every case of eye strain the problem is ***a lack of vitamin A (Retinol) and or "vitamin" D***. (Vitamin D is a *hormone* and not a *vitamin* in the conventional sense although it is called "the sunshine vitamin." Vitamin D *aids* the absorption of vitamin A as well as other nutrition material.)
***Your eyes "eat" vitamin A as they function***. When your eyes feel dry, scratchy, and uncomfortable it is a signal that you are experiencing a kind of *malnutrition*. Your EYES need the nutrition. You need time to absorb it. You need to eat, and rest to allow your eyes to recover.
The visual system is the major benefactor of proper nutrition and enough rest. Improper lighting (fluorescent tubes or any discontinuous source of light) stresses the visual system as much as a long-distance marathon taxes the muscular system. Glare is another stress that consumes more vitamin A as the eye works to resolve the image you are trying to see clearly.
Enjoy more foods rich in vitamin A. Many sites such as [QUA blog](http://quanutrition.com/nutritionalfacts/2015/03/09/foods-nourish-eyes/) , [Michel Pop](http://www.cmpop.com/en/tips-advice/food/), and [Mercola](http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2014/05/05/foods-eyesight-improvement.aspx) have suggestions for different delicious foods for meeting your specific nutritional requirements. Search on-line for "foods that can improve vision."
—Use dietary supplements only as a last resort and with some guidance from a licensed nutritionist after a detailed consultation. The cost and prescriptions should be tax-deductable as a business expense.
After you give your eyes proper nutrition for the amount of work you give them to do, your eye problems will diminish. You will be able to see better in dim light. Loss of dim light vision is also a symptom of a vitamin A deficiency.
Fix your diet and ***YOU'LL SEE***. | Make sure the lighting is right. Turning the screen on, have a check if you can see your surrounding or not. If you can, it's too light in the room and this will cause quicker eye strain. But on the other hand, if the screen is brighter than your surrounding it will also cause quicker strain. |
13,619 | I had a cat that urinated on the landing of my stairs a few years ago. I removed the carpet and wipe it down when I vacuum the steps. I am wondering if the vinegar and baking soda combo and then a product like [Kilz](https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjD-JmQ2oTOAhXBNI8KHVIOD7kQjRwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.homedepot.com%2Fp%2FKILZ-ORIGINAL-1-gal-White-Oil-Based-Interior-Primer-Sealer-and-Stain-Blocker-10901%2F100371321&bvm=bv.127521224,d.c2I&psig=AFQjCNHm7jLzKjFCS66pYsw9UpgpK8IjEg&ust=1469195560155731) will work? I want to re-carpet the landing. | 2016/07/21 | [
"https://lifehacks.stackexchange.com/questions/13619",
"https://lifehacks.stackexchange.com",
"https://lifehacks.stackexchange.com/users/15923/"
] | Make sure you monitor is at eye level. Every 15 minutes focus at least 4 things far away without moving your head. Tension headaches may be due to lack of magnesium 80% of people are deficient in magnesium. If you have painful eye strain rinsing your eye with cold water can do wonders. | Practice this simple but effective **20-20-20** exercise.
It's really *EASY* to do and a good habit to adopt.
Every TWENTY minutes,
look at something TWENTY feet away
for TWENTY seconds. |
13,619 | I had a cat that urinated on the landing of my stairs a few years ago. I removed the carpet and wipe it down when I vacuum the steps. I am wondering if the vinegar and baking soda combo and then a product like [Kilz](https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjD-JmQ2oTOAhXBNI8KHVIOD7kQjRwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.homedepot.com%2Fp%2FKILZ-ORIGINAL-1-gal-White-Oil-Based-Interior-Primer-Sealer-and-Stain-Blocker-10901%2F100371321&bvm=bv.127521224,d.c2I&psig=AFQjCNHm7jLzKjFCS66pYsw9UpgpK8IjEg&ust=1469195560155731) will work? I want to re-carpet the landing. | 2016/07/21 | [
"https://lifehacks.stackexchange.com/questions/13619",
"https://lifehacks.stackexchange.com",
"https://lifehacks.stackexchange.com/users/15923/"
] | If you are using a computer late at night, it is recommended to download an application like F.Lux. It reduces the brightness of the screen on sundown, and removes the light band that produces eye strain/keeps people awake. | If you have some money, you might consider buying a pair of [Gunnar Glasses](http://www.gunnars.com), which are:
>
> specifically engineered to reduce digital eyestrain
>
>
> |
13,619 | I had a cat that urinated on the landing of my stairs a few years ago. I removed the carpet and wipe it down when I vacuum the steps. I am wondering if the vinegar and baking soda combo and then a product like [Kilz](https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjD-JmQ2oTOAhXBNI8KHVIOD7kQjRwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.homedepot.com%2Fp%2FKILZ-ORIGINAL-1-gal-White-Oil-Based-Interior-Primer-Sealer-and-Stain-Blocker-10901%2F100371321&bvm=bv.127521224,d.c2I&psig=AFQjCNHm7jLzKjFCS66pYsw9UpgpK8IjEg&ust=1469195560155731) will work? I want to re-carpet the landing. | 2016/07/21 | [
"https://lifehacks.stackexchange.com/questions/13619",
"https://lifehacks.stackexchange.com",
"https://lifehacks.stackexchange.com/users/15923/"
] | Make sure you monitor is at eye level. Every 15 minutes focus at least 4 things far away without moving your head. Tension headaches may be due to lack of magnesium 80% of people are deficient in magnesium. If you have painful eye strain rinsing your eye with cold water can do wonders. | Lower screen brightness. Theres also this program that changes the color of your screen based on daytime and such. |
13,619 | I had a cat that urinated on the landing of my stairs a few years ago. I removed the carpet and wipe it down when I vacuum the steps. I am wondering if the vinegar and baking soda combo and then a product like [Kilz](https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjD-JmQ2oTOAhXBNI8KHVIOD7kQjRwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.homedepot.com%2Fp%2FKILZ-ORIGINAL-1-gal-White-Oil-Based-Interior-Primer-Sealer-and-Stain-Blocker-10901%2F100371321&bvm=bv.127521224,d.c2I&psig=AFQjCNHm7jLzKjFCS66pYsw9UpgpK8IjEg&ust=1469195560155731) will work? I want to re-carpet the landing. | 2016/07/21 | [
"https://lifehacks.stackexchange.com/questions/13619",
"https://lifehacks.stackexchange.com",
"https://lifehacks.stackexchange.com/users/15923/"
] | When my eyes become strained from looking at screens I often use eye drops. "Artificial tears" tend to work well, although there are more expensive alternatives.
Also, dimming the brightness delays the symptoms for me. Also, a dimmer screen in my opinion is easier on the eyes. When I have a text document open, or another program with a bright white background, dimming the brightness can make a world of difference. It reduces the severity of a bright white screen blasting in your face.
Keep in mind everyone is different. My eyes are sensitive to bright lights, which is why I find relief from lowering the brightness helps me. It's very possible you are the same way. | Make sure you monitor is at eye level. Every 15 minutes focus at least 4 things far away without moving your head. Tension headaches may be due to lack of magnesium 80% of people are deficient in magnesium. If you have painful eye strain rinsing your eye with cold water can do wonders. |
13,619 | I had a cat that urinated on the landing of my stairs a few years ago. I removed the carpet and wipe it down when I vacuum the steps. I am wondering if the vinegar and baking soda combo and then a product like [Kilz](https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjD-JmQ2oTOAhXBNI8KHVIOD7kQjRwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.homedepot.com%2Fp%2FKILZ-ORIGINAL-1-gal-White-Oil-Based-Interior-Primer-Sealer-and-Stain-Blocker-10901%2F100371321&bvm=bv.127521224,d.c2I&psig=AFQjCNHm7jLzKjFCS66pYsw9UpgpK8IjEg&ust=1469195560155731) will work? I want to re-carpet the landing. | 2016/07/21 | [
"https://lifehacks.stackexchange.com/questions/13619",
"https://lifehacks.stackexchange.com",
"https://lifehacks.stackexchange.com/users/15923/"
] | It's ***your diet*** that's the problem.
In almost every case of eye strain the problem is ***a lack of vitamin A (Retinol) and or "vitamin" D***. (Vitamin D is a *hormone* and not a *vitamin* in the conventional sense although it is called "the sunshine vitamin." Vitamin D *aids* the absorption of vitamin A as well as other nutrition material.)
***Your eyes "eat" vitamin A as they function***. When your eyes feel dry, scratchy, and uncomfortable it is a signal that you are experiencing a kind of *malnutrition*. Your EYES need the nutrition. You need time to absorb it. You need to eat, and rest to allow your eyes to recover.
The visual system is the major benefactor of proper nutrition and enough rest. Improper lighting (fluorescent tubes or any discontinuous source of light) stresses the visual system as much as a long-distance marathon taxes the muscular system. Glare is another stress that consumes more vitamin A as the eye works to resolve the image you are trying to see clearly.
Enjoy more foods rich in vitamin A. Many sites such as [QUA blog](http://quanutrition.com/nutritionalfacts/2015/03/09/foods-nourish-eyes/) , [Michel Pop](http://www.cmpop.com/en/tips-advice/food/), and [Mercola](http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2014/05/05/foods-eyesight-improvement.aspx) have suggestions for different delicious foods for meeting your specific nutritional requirements. Search on-line for "foods that can improve vision."
—Use dietary supplements only as a last resort and with some guidance from a licensed nutritionist after a detailed consultation. The cost and prescriptions should be tax-deductable as a business expense.
After you give your eyes proper nutrition for the amount of work you give them to do, your eye problems will diminish. You will be able to see better in dim light. Loss of dim light vision is also a symptom of a vitamin A deficiency.
Fix your diet and ***YOU'LL SEE***. | I am using special glasses for computers. It is without dioptress. Helps for me |
13,619 | I had a cat that urinated on the landing of my stairs a few years ago. I removed the carpet and wipe it down when I vacuum the steps. I am wondering if the vinegar and baking soda combo and then a product like [Kilz](https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjD-JmQ2oTOAhXBNI8KHVIOD7kQjRwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.homedepot.com%2Fp%2FKILZ-ORIGINAL-1-gal-White-Oil-Based-Interior-Primer-Sealer-and-Stain-Blocker-10901%2F100371321&bvm=bv.127521224,d.c2I&psig=AFQjCNHm7jLzKjFCS66pYsw9UpgpK8IjEg&ust=1469195560155731) will work? I want to re-carpet the landing. | 2016/07/21 | [
"https://lifehacks.stackexchange.com/questions/13619",
"https://lifehacks.stackexchange.com",
"https://lifehacks.stackexchange.com/users/15923/"
] | It's ***your diet*** that's the problem.
In almost every case of eye strain the problem is ***a lack of vitamin A (Retinol) and or "vitamin" D***. (Vitamin D is a *hormone* and not a *vitamin* in the conventional sense although it is called "the sunshine vitamin." Vitamin D *aids* the absorption of vitamin A as well as other nutrition material.)
***Your eyes "eat" vitamin A as they function***. When your eyes feel dry, scratchy, and uncomfortable it is a signal that you are experiencing a kind of *malnutrition*. Your EYES need the nutrition. You need time to absorb it. You need to eat, and rest to allow your eyes to recover.
The visual system is the major benefactor of proper nutrition and enough rest. Improper lighting (fluorescent tubes or any discontinuous source of light) stresses the visual system as much as a long-distance marathon taxes the muscular system. Glare is another stress that consumes more vitamin A as the eye works to resolve the image you are trying to see clearly.
Enjoy more foods rich in vitamin A. Many sites such as [QUA blog](http://quanutrition.com/nutritionalfacts/2015/03/09/foods-nourish-eyes/) , [Michel Pop](http://www.cmpop.com/en/tips-advice/food/), and [Mercola](http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2014/05/05/foods-eyesight-improvement.aspx) have suggestions for different delicious foods for meeting your specific nutritional requirements. Search on-line for "foods that can improve vision."
—Use dietary supplements only as a last resort and with some guidance from a licensed nutritionist after a detailed consultation. The cost and prescriptions should be tax-deductable as a business expense.
After you give your eyes proper nutrition for the amount of work you give them to do, your eye problems will diminish. You will be able to see better in dim light. Loss of dim light vision is also a symptom of a vitamin A deficiency.
Fix your diet and ***YOU'LL SEE***. | Lower screen brightness. Theres also this program that changes the color of your screen based on daytime and such. |
13,619 | I had a cat that urinated on the landing of my stairs a few years ago. I removed the carpet and wipe it down when I vacuum the steps. I am wondering if the vinegar and baking soda combo and then a product like [Kilz](https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjD-JmQ2oTOAhXBNI8KHVIOD7kQjRwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.homedepot.com%2Fp%2FKILZ-ORIGINAL-1-gal-White-Oil-Based-Interior-Primer-Sealer-and-Stain-Blocker-10901%2F100371321&bvm=bv.127521224,d.c2I&psig=AFQjCNHm7jLzKjFCS66pYsw9UpgpK8IjEg&ust=1469195560155731) will work? I want to re-carpet the landing. | 2016/07/21 | [
"https://lifehacks.stackexchange.com/questions/13619",
"https://lifehacks.stackexchange.com",
"https://lifehacks.stackexchange.com/users/15923/"
] | Make sure you monitor is at eye level. Every 15 minutes focus at least 4 things far away without moving your head. Tension headaches may be due to lack of magnesium 80% of people are deficient in magnesium. If you have painful eye strain rinsing your eye with cold water can do wonders. | Make sure the lighting is right. Turning the screen on, have a check if you can see your surrounding or not. If you can, it's too light in the room and this will cause quicker eye strain. But on the other hand, if the screen is brighter than your surrounding it will also cause quicker strain. |
13,619 | I had a cat that urinated on the landing of my stairs a few years ago. I removed the carpet and wipe it down when I vacuum the steps. I am wondering if the vinegar and baking soda combo and then a product like [Kilz](https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjD-JmQ2oTOAhXBNI8KHVIOD7kQjRwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.homedepot.com%2Fp%2FKILZ-ORIGINAL-1-gal-White-Oil-Based-Interior-Primer-Sealer-and-Stain-Blocker-10901%2F100371321&bvm=bv.127521224,d.c2I&psig=AFQjCNHm7jLzKjFCS66pYsw9UpgpK8IjEg&ust=1469195560155731) will work? I want to re-carpet the landing. | 2016/07/21 | [
"https://lifehacks.stackexchange.com/questions/13619",
"https://lifehacks.stackexchange.com",
"https://lifehacks.stackexchange.com/users/15923/"
] | If you are using a computer late at night, it is recommended to download an application like F.Lux. It reduces the brightness of the screen on sundown, and removes the light band that produces eye strain/keeps people awake. | I am using special glasses for computers. It is without dioptress. Helps for me |
59,571 | I'm planning to setup a Windows Home Server at home.
However, since I'm also working as an ISV at home, I have a strong need for a Windows 2008 R2 Hyper-V server that hosts my virtual development/testing servers.
The problem is that I'm not so keen on having 2 servers running 24/7 at home ( a Home Server and a "Real" Server), so for me it would be ideal to have the same (well, at least the backup functionality with the client agents) functionality on the Windows 2008 R2 Server.
Are there any such solutions available? | 2009/08/27 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/59571",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/3253/"
] | Why not run the Home Server as a guest VM within Win2k8, and just beef up "real server" with more RAM/disk space? If all you're looking to do is eliminate one physical box, just use Hyper-V. Your ISV for your clients will be up and running for your backup functionality while your Home Server will be shut down until you need it and you can remotely turn it on.
Does my solution make sense or am I missing the question altogether? | i've tried, homeserver hates VMs, though it IS possible with vmware.
My solutions are these:
**Homeserver** does media streaming - Install ORB on server 2008 r2.
**Homeserver** does file serving with drive extender - Just when you add a second drive to server2008, and in Disk Manager right click your existing 'file serving drive' and click EXTEND VOLUME (grey unless you have an empty drive available), wham bam infinitely dynamically spanned drives all keeping your same drive letter and folder shares without worry of any "disk full" error messages. Homeserver has that step automated, but we're better than that! Automation is a crutch!
**Homeserver** has plugins - they suck, and you're smarter than plugins, so...
----------If you want to have a utorrent service on your computer look [HERE](http://mswhs.com/2007/07/02/how-to-install-utorrent-on-windows-home-server/).
----------If you want to automate backups to your server, use Comodo, NASBackup or synctoy!
----------You can make a domain for all your home computers, or make the shares PUBLIC: (<http://www.techotopia.com/index.php/Configuring_Windows_Server_2008_File_Sharing>)
----------You GAIN the ability to have a 100% flexible server to do whatever you want, EMAIL, DNS, PROXY, ISA, VOIP, APPSERVING, GAME HOSTING, STREAMING AAC/MP3 RADIO TO ANY DEVICE ANYWHERE! |
276,097 | I am currently trying to free up a tape unit within my removable storage tape drive. However I continue to get the Data error (cyclic redundancy check) error. Any suggestions as to what this means or how to avoid getting this error?
I am receiving the error from Windows Backup utility on a windows 2003 server. I am using 4mm DDS4 tapes 20GB/40GB on a Quantum DAT Tape Drive. | 2011/06/01 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/276097",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/82001/"
] | Looking at your previous questions, can I assume you are using your new tapes? If so, the CRC errors are probably caused by failing hardware, most likely the drive itself.
If you haven't already, throw a new cleaning tape at it, but bear in mind that DDS4 is quite an old technology, so I'm guessing your tape drive is knocking on a bit? | Is it one tape or multiple tapes? If it's only one tape then it's probably bad. If it's multiple tapes then it may mean that the drive needs cleaning. It may also mean that the drive itself is failing. |
259,745 | coming to the experts because I can't figure out what's going on and why.
**Goal**
Install a smart 3-way dimmer switch that allows 8 recessed LED lights to turn on/off and dim correctly.
**Background**
* In my living room, I have 8 recessed LED lights that were previously on a Lutron dimmer light switch that worked perfectly and dimmed the lights correctly.
* I replaced the Lutron dimmer switch with a TP-Link smart 3 way dimmer switch and all 8 recessed LED lights turn on from both switches.
* The lights are Sylvania RT6 and are currently installed using a retrofit adapter that screws in to the light socket in the can, and has a cord coming out of it with a plug that attaches to the plug on the light itself.
**ISSUE:** Though the lights do turn on with the smart 3-way dimmer switch, the lights do not dim anymore.
**Troubleshooting Steps**
* Validated the smart switch wiring and confirmed it was correct on both the main and satelite switch
* Added the Lutron switch back to confirmed it was able to dim the lights correctly using the same wiring.
* Reinstalled the smart 3-way dimmer switch
* Called an electrician and had them confirm the wiring was correct, even though they didn't know what would be preventing the dimmer from working as they weren't as familiar with smart switches.
* Bought a few different varieties of similar LED recessed lighting, installed in one of the 8 recessed lighting spots, and found they all turned on, but the dimming did not work.
**Interesting Findings**
* Today, with the smart switch installed, I removed one of the recessed lights completely, and just screwed in a dimmable LED bulb directly into the light socket, and that bulb turned on AND was dimming as expected with the smart switch reinstalled.
* **In addition to that new bulb working and dimming as expected, all of the other recessed LED lights now began to dim as well.**
* I took the LED bulb out and the other recessed LED lights would turn on, but would no longer dim.
**Please Help!**
There must be a reason that installing this LED bulb allows all other LED recessed lights to turn on and dim as expected, but I can't figure out why.
I'm wondering if I should try removing the retrofit adapter and just splice the cables from the LED recessed light directly to the power cables. However, since I know that all of the other recessed lights are installed the exact same way with the adapter, and I've seen that they can be dimmed with this smart switch, I don't think that answers the question.
==================
**Update 1**
Thank you all for the comments so far. I did test removing the adapter from the equation and connecting the pre-existing Sylvania LED light directly to the hot and neutral. The light turns on correctly but it and the other lights still do not dim. This confirms the adapter is not the issue.
**Update 2**
The new bulb I added that allowed dimming on all 8 lights seems to be pretty standard. It’s a GE LED, 800 Lumens, 2700k, 10w, 104mA, 120VAC, 60Hz.
Model: LED10DA19/827.
**Update 3**
For anyone who may have a "try this", please let me know. I'm willing to try just about anything, but hoping to avoid having to replace all 8 recessed lights.
**Update 4**
When thinking about this more, I realized that the answer lies somewhere in the former Lutron 3-way dimmer switch that was previously installed. Since this switch allowed the lights to dim before, it means that there is something in this switch that allowed the lights to dim. Whatever "it" is, my smart switch doesn't have it.
**The only difference that stands out is that the old switch did not require a neutral, while the smart switch does.** Does that shed any light? (pun intended)
Here is the link to the Lutron switch that was on there before: <https://www.lowes.com/pd/Lutron-Skylark-Single-Pole-3-Way-White-LED-Slide-Light-Dimmer/4165017> | 2022/11/01 | [
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/259745",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/158472/"
] | Well, I never figured out the real answer, but I ended up having to remove and replace all 8 recessed lights and replace them with new ones. Once I did that, all 8 new lights started dimming on the new switch.
Thanks for all the tips! | I am suspecting that the new LED fixtures do not have their electronic drivers grounded. since they are just wired to hot and neutral through the plug in connection that is screwed into the old bulb socket. The new smart switch runs electronics through circuits that have built in resistance using the ground. ( we are talking milliamps) When you added a bulb it provided the electronics a ground through the old can fixture. Depending on the design of the new LEDs you may be able to add a ground from the old can to the new LED **Update**: additional info check out this site [Dimmer info](https://www.ledsupply.com/blog/dimming-leds-guide-how-to-tell-if-your-lights-are-dimmable/) |
259,745 | coming to the experts because I can't figure out what's going on and why.
**Goal**
Install a smart 3-way dimmer switch that allows 8 recessed LED lights to turn on/off and dim correctly.
**Background**
* In my living room, I have 8 recessed LED lights that were previously on a Lutron dimmer light switch that worked perfectly and dimmed the lights correctly.
* I replaced the Lutron dimmer switch with a TP-Link smart 3 way dimmer switch and all 8 recessed LED lights turn on from both switches.
* The lights are Sylvania RT6 and are currently installed using a retrofit adapter that screws in to the light socket in the can, and has a cord coming out of it with a plug that attaches to the plug on the light itself.
**ISSUE:** Though the lights do turn on with the smart 3-way dimmer switch, the lights do not dim anymore.
**Troubleshooting Steps**
* Validated the smart switch wiring and confirmed it was correct on both the main and satelite switch
* Added the Lutron switch back to confirmed it was able to dim the lights correctly using the same wiring.
* Reinstalled the smart 3-way dimmer switch
* Called an electrician and had them confirm the wiring was correct, even though they didn't know what would be preventing the dimmer from working as they weren't as familiar with smart switches.
* Bought a few different varieties of similar LED recessed lighting, installed in one of the 8 recessed lighting spots, and found they all turned on, but the dimming did not work.
**Interesting Findings**
* Today, with the smart switch installed, I removed one of the recessed lights completely, and just screwed in a dimmable LED bulb directly into the light socket, and that bulb turned on AND was dimming as expected with the smart switch reinstalled.
* **In addition to that new bulb working and dimming as expected, all of the other recessed LED lights now began to dim as well.**
* I took the LED bulb out and the other recessed LED lights would turn on, but would no longer dim.
**Please Help!**
There must be a reason that installing this LED bulb allows all other LED recessed lights to turn on and dim as expected, but I can't figure out why.
I'm wondering if I should try removing the retrofit adapter and just splice the cables from the LED recessed light directly to the power cables. However, since I know that all of the other recessed lights are installed the exact same way with the adapter, and I've seen that they can be dimmed with this smart switch, I don't think that answers the question.
==================
**Update 1**
Thank you all for the comments so far. I did test removing the adapter from the equation and connecting the pre-existing Sylvania LED light directly to the hot and neutral. The light turns on correctly but it and the other lights still do not dim. This confirms the adapter is not the issue.
**Update 2**
The new bulb I added that allowed dimming on all 8 lights seems to be pretty standard. It’s a GE LED, 800 Lumens, 2700k, 10w, 104mA, 120VAC, 60Hz.
Model: LED10DA19/827.
**Update 3**
For anyone who may have a "try this", please let me know. I'm willing to try just about anything, but hoping to avoid having to replace all 8 recessed lights.
**Update 4**
When thinking about this more, I realized that the answer lies somewhere in the former Lutron 3-way dimmer switch that was previously installed. Since this switch allowed the lights to dim before, it means that there is something in this switch that allowed the lights to dim. Whatever "it" is, my smart switch doesn't have it.
**The only difference that stands out is that the old switch did not require a neutral, while the smart switch does.** Does that shed any light? (pun intended)
Here is the link to the Lutron switch that was on there before: <https://www.lowes.com/pd/Lutron-Skylark-Single-Pole-3-Way-White-LED-Slide-Light-Dimmer/4165017> | 2022/11/01 | [
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/259745",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/158472/"
] | LED dimming is a tricky business. While there are some general standards, compatibility is not complete, as you know, between all brands/types of lights and all brands/types of dimmers.
I know this is a little late here, but it is *possible* that an equivalent smart switch from the same brand that worked as a simple dimmer (<https://www.casetawireless.com/us/en>). That is not an option for everyone - in particular, if you already have one brand of smart switch elsewhere in the same house then using a different brand in another part of the house, and therefore needing two phone Apps, two web pages, etc. for remote control isn't necessarily a great option. But if you don't have any other smart switches then before replacing 8 light fixtures it would make since to try a different brand of smart switch, especially if there is reason to do so based on a previous non-smart switch.
(Not an endorsement of Lutron per se - the exact same type of problem could happen with a different brand of switch and a different brand of light fixture.) | I am suspecting that the new LED fixtures do not have their electronic drivers grounded. since they are just wired to hot and neutral through the plug in connection that is screwed into the old bulb socket. The new smart switch runs electronics through circuits that have built in resistance using the ground. ( we are talking milliamps) When you added a bulb it provided the electronics a ground through the old can fixture. Depending on the design of the new LEDs you may be able to add a ground from the old can to the new LED **Update**: additional info check out this site [Dimmer info](https://www.ledsupply.com/blog/dimming-leds-guide-how-to-tell-if-your-lights-are-dimmable/) |
259,745 | coming to the experts because I can't figure out what's going on and why.
**Goal**
Install a smart 3-way dimmer switch that allows 8 recessed LED lights to turn on/off and dim correctly.
**Background**
* In my living room, I have 8 recessed LED lights that were previously on a Lutron dimmer light switch that worked perfectly and dimmed the lights correctly.
* I replaced the Lutron dimmer switch with a TP-Link smart 3 way dimmer switch and all 8 recessed LED lights turn on from both switches.
* The lights are Sylvania RT6 and are currently installed using a retrofit adapter that screws in to the light socket in the can, and has a cord coming out of it with a plug that attaches to the plug on the light itself.
**ISSUE:** Though the lights do turn on with the smart 3-way dimmer switch, the lights do not dim anymore.
**Troubleshooting Steps**
* Validated the smart switch wiring and confirmed it was correct on both the main and satelite switch
* Added the Lutron switch back to confirmed it was able to dim the lights correctly using the same wiring.
* Reinstalled the smart 3-way dimmer switch
* Called an electrician and had them confirm the wiring was correct, even though they didn't know what would be preventing the dimmer from working as they weren't as familiar with smart switches.
* Bought a few different varieties of similar LED recessed lighting, installed in one of the 8 recessed lighting spots, and found they all turned on, but the dimming did not work.
**Interesting Findings**
* Today, with the smart switch installed, I removed one of the recessed lights completely, and just screwed in a dimmable LED bulb directly into the light socket, and that bulb turned on AND was dimming as expected with the smart switch reinstalled.
* **In addition to that new bulb working and dimming as expected, all of the other recessed LED lights now began to dim as well.**
* I took the LED bulb out and the other recessed LED lights would turn on, but would no longer dim.
**Please Help!**
There must be a reason that installing this LED bulb allows all other LED recessed lights to turn on and dim as expected, but I can't figure out why.
I'm wondering if I should try removing the retrofit adapter and just splice the cables from the LED recessed light directly to the power cables. However, since I know that all of the other recessed lights are installed the exact same way with the adapter, and I've seen that they can be dimmed with this smart switch, I don't think that answers the question.
==================
**Update 1**
Thank you all for the comments so far. I did test removing the adapter from the equation and connecting the pre-existing Sylvania LED light directly to the hot and neutral. The light turns on correctly but it and the other lights still do not dim. This confirms the adapter is not the issue.
**Update 2**
The new bulb I added that allowed dimming on all 8 lights seems to be pretty standard. It’s a GE LED, 800 Lumens, 2700k, 10w, 104mA, 120VAC, 60Hz.
Model: LED10DA19/827.
**Update 3**
For anyone who may have a "try this", please let me know. I'm willing to try just about anything, but hoping to avoid having to replace all 8 recessed lights.
**Update 4**
When thinking about this more, I realized that the answer lies somewhere in the former Lutron 3-way dimmer switch that was previously installed. Since this switch allowed the lights to dim before, it means that there is something in this switch that allowed the lights to dim. Whatever "it" is, my smart switch doesn't have it.
**The only difference that stands out is that the old switch did not require a neutral, while the smart switch does.** Does that shed any light? (pun intended)
Here is the link to the Lutron switch that was on there before: <https://www.lowes.com/pd/Lutron-Skylark-Single-Pole-3-Way-White-LED-Slide-Light-Dimmer/4165017> | 2022/11/01 | [
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/259745",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/158472/"
] | Well, I never figured out the real answer, but I ended up having to remove and replace all 8 recessed lights and replace them with new ones. Once I did that, all 8 new lights started dimming on the new switch.
Thanks for all the tips! | LED dimming is a tricky business. While there are some general standards, compatibility is not complete, as you know, between all brands/types of lights and all brands/types of dimmers.
I know this is a little late here, but it is *possible* that an equivalent smart switch from the same brand that worked as a simple dimmer (<https://www.casetawireless.com/us/en>). That is not an option for everyone - in particular, if you already have one brand of smart switch elsewhere in the same house then using a different brand in another part of the house, and therefore needing two phone Apps, two web pages, etc. for remote control isn't necessarily a great option. But if you don't have any other smart switches then before replacing 8 light fixtures it would make since to try a different brand of smart switch, especially if there is reason to do so based on a previous non-smart switch.
(Not an endorsement of Lutron per se - the exact same type of problem could happen with a different brand of switch and a different brand of light fixture.) |
6,841 | Does VPN Service on a "Standard" OS X Server use L2TP or PP2P? | 2009/05/10 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/6841",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/2318/"
] | I strongly recommend Drive Snapshot (www.drivesnapshot.de). I've used this for several years, and I have the current version installed on around 200 servers. I have done many test restores and a few real life restores under high stress conditions, and Drive Snapshot has never let me down.
You can run Drive Snapshot as a GUI app, or from the command line. I run it from the command line as part of the Backup script. Restores (of the system partition) can be done by booting from a WinPE (or BartPE) CD, or indeed from a DOS floppy disk.
JR | The installation checks wether it is running on a server-version of windows. It is possible, and not to hard, to edit the msi-file, to run on all versions of Windows. The easiest way is to use a msi-editor with a nice gui, but the free tool from MS, Orca, should work too.
You can download it [here](http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=4377F86D-C913-4B5C-B87E-EF72E5B4E065&displaylang=en), somewhere inside you can find orca.msi, which you need to install. Then open the msi from ghost with orca, and find the table: LaunchCondition. Edit or delete the values, save it under a different name (make a backup before saving!!) and try again. Should work with most programs which work under XP but won't install on 2003 |
6,841 | Does VPN Service on a "Standard" OS X Server use L2TP or PP2P? | 2009/05/10 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/6841",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/2318/"
] | I strongly recommend Drive Snapshot (www.drivesnapshot.de). I've used this for several years, and I have the current version installed on around 200 servers. I have done many test restores and a few real life restores under high stress conditions, and Drive Snapshot has never let me down.
You can run Drive Snapshot as a GUI app, or from the command line. I run it from the command line as part of the Backup script. Restores (of the system partition) can be done by booting from a WinPE (or BartPE) CD, or indeed from a DOS floppy disk.
JR | With respect to the price of Acronis, it is worth what they charge. The latest versions are, in the experience of the businesses we service, extremely stable and very efficient. |
6,841 | Does VPN Service on a "Standard" OS X Server use L2TP or PP2P? | 2009/05/10 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/6841",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/2318/"
] | The installation checks wether it is running on a server-version of windows. It is possible, and not to hard, to edit the msi-file, to run on all versions of Windows. The easiest way is to use a msi-editor with a nice gui, but the free tool from MS, Orca, should work too.
You can download it [here](http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=4377F86D-C913-4B5C-B87E-EF72E5B4E065&displaylang=en), somewhere inside you can find orca.msi, which you need to install. Then open the msi from ghost with orca, and find the table: LaunchCondition. Edit or delete the values, save it under a different name (make a backup before saving!!) and try again. Should work with most programs which work under XP but won't install on 2003 | With respect to the price of Acronis, it is worth what they charge. The latest versions are, in the experience of the businesses we service, extremely stable and very efficient. |
22,121 | You need to add a single line and make the statement true
>
> $5+5=5$
>
>
>
All the numbers are made by matchsticks. | 2015/09/12 | [
"https://puzzling.stackexchange.com/questions/22121",
"https://puzzling.stackexchange.com",
"https://puzzling.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | Trivial Answer.
If they are made by matchsticks, then:
>
> Add a single matchstick obliquely on equal sign to make it non-equality sign. After all 5 + 5 is not equal to 5
>
> $$5+5\ne5$$
>
>
> | An alternative solution:
>
> $$5+5⩾5$$
>
>
>
Excuse the fact that there's a rotation issue - the markup for equations doesn't appear to permit rotations to fix it. |
165,590 | I would like to configure 2 MX records :
- One MX record that identifies an email server to the domain @mycompany.com that will handle all of the emails except one email
- Another MX Record that will redirect to another email server if the address email is: me@mycompany.com
Is it possible? If yes, how can I achieve it?
Thanks,
Fabien | 2010/07/30 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/165590",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/-1/"
] | You can't do this by indicating multiple the MX records for the same (sub)domain. The mail will be delivered to the server(s) defined by your MX record regardin **only** the (sub)domain, without any look at the user@... Mail routing is done on the (sub)domain part only.
Possible solutions :
* You can use subdomains, to re-route easily : me@sub.domain.com . The drawback is that you have to change your email address and ask your contacts to update theirs.
* However, there's nothing stopping that mail server being an application that forwards mail onto several other servers based on the user name of the recipient... i.e. tell your mail client to forward all incoming messages for me@domain.com to an other mail server. | No. The MX record for a domain designates the SMTP server/s which are responsible for receiving mail for the whole domain. |
165,590 | I would like to configure 2 MX records :
- One MX record that identifies an email server to the domain @mycompany.com that will handle all of the emails except one email
- Another MX Record that will redirect to another email server if the address email is: me@mycompany.com
Is it possible? If yes, how can I achieve it?
Thanks,
Fabien | 2010/07/30 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/165590",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/-1/"
] | No. The MX record for a domain designates the SMTP server/s which are responsible for receiving mail for the whole domain. | No, but you *can* designate an alternate MX record for subdomain.mycompany.com to handle mail sent to you@subdomain.mycompany.com.
If you are trying to establish a secondary e-mail address for specific messages/alerts to be delivered if/when your primary mail server is down, this may meet your needs. But, I'm just speculating: it would be helpful to understand the reason why you want to designate an alternate MX record for a specific address. |
165,590 | I would like to configure 2 MX records :
- One MX record that identifies an email server to the domain @mycompany.com that will handle all of the emails except one email
- Another MX Record that will redirect to another email server if the address email is: me@mycompany.com
Is it possible? If yes, how can I achieve it?
Thanks,
Fabien | 2010/07/30 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/165590",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/-1/"
] | You can't do this by indicating multiple the MX records for the same (sub)domain. The mail will be delivered to the server(s) defined by your MX record regardin **only** the (sub)domain, without any look at the user@... Mail routing is done on the (sub)domain part only.
Possible solutions :
* You can use subdomains, to re-route easily : me@sub.domain.com . The drawback is that you have to change your email address and ask your contacts to update theirs.
* However, there's nothing stopping that mail server being an application that forwards mail onto several other servers based on the user name of the recipient... i.e. tell your mail client to forward all incoming messages for me@domain.com to an other mail server. | No, but you *can* designate an alternate MX record for subdomain.mycompany.com to handle mail sent to you@subdomain.mycompany.com.
If you are trying to establish a secondary e-mail address for specific messages/alerts to be delivered if/when your primary mail server is down, this may meet your needs. But, I'm just speculating: it would be helpful to understand the reason why you want to designate an alternate MX record for a specific address. |
224,561 | I am build a website in Angular which communicates over my REST API on my backend server.
I have managed to auto-generate the code (TypeScript) for my client and now I need it to be available on deployment.
There are several ways to do this and the, in my oppinion, easiest way would be to just publish the client to <https://npmjs.org/> and then let everything be installed on deployment from there. Business as usual.
The question is:
Is this a good idea?
Obviously, there's nothing that really can happen, because every client needs a client id and password in order to get dealt with by my server.
But: With this I am simply exposing all endpoints to my backend.
Wouldn't I do a favor to anybody who want to sniff my API? Surely, there must be ways to get that information another way but at least not *that* easy.
Are my concerns legitimate or basically nonsense? | 2020/01/21 | [
"https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/224561",
"https://security.stackexchange.com",
"https://security.stackexchange.com/users/70899/"
] | If you are providing a public API already, the security concern should be focused with the server side endpoints and not the client.
Yes, providing a public client to your API will allow any one to investigate your API, but anyone can already do that. The API will just make it easier to determine what endpoints exist and how they are used.
If you are concerned with the security of your API, you should focus your attentions there first. Providing a public client for the API doesn't increase your attack surface. | >
> I am build a website in Angular which communicates over my REST API on my backend server.
>
>
> I have managed to auto-generate the code (TypeScript) for my client and now I need it to be available on deployment.
>
>
>
It sounds like this is a public website, and the code in question is already going to be sent to the browser anyways. Things like magnification make reading the code harder, there may even be obfuscation libraries, but neither of these techniques will protect particularly juicy secrets about your back end. In other words, the library already needs to contain no secrets.
You mention auto-generated code, it is probably safe to assume this library will not have any intellectual property value. Assuming it did, providing non-obfuscated code makes it easier to fork/copy.
If the website is actually password protected or hidden within a restricted network, publishing parts of the client code *does* reveal information which might not otherwise be available. From the perspective of hacking your API services it *should* have no value, but it will definitely reveal things about what your internal website does... which might be business secrets. |
7,656 | It is well known that Allen Hatcher has created a free textbook for algebraic topology that is high enough quality to be used in a large number of graduate courses in the united states, saving students a large amount of money.
Calculus is one of the most-taught courses in the united states; as such, many high-quality, expensive textbooks have been developed to teach calculus, often costing over $100.
>
> What are the major obstacles to a group of mathematics educators collaborating on an open source calculus textbook with a high enough quality to replace a commercial calculus textbook?
>
>
> | 2015/03/20 | [
"https://matheducators.stackexchange.com/questions/7656",
"https://matheducators.stackexchange.com",
"https://matheducators.stackexchange.com/users/78/"
] | To directly address your question, I would venture the major obstruction to universities developing their own textbooks is the publishing industry lobbying. You can read more about this [in Educause Review](http://www.educause.edu/ero/article/ten-years-later-why-open-educational-resources-have-not-noticeably-affected-higher-education-and-why-we-should-ca). They state the major roadblocks are: discoverability, quality control, bridging the last mile, and acquisition. But here is an alternative that some universities are piloting to help with those.
Developed by Michigan State University, [LON-CAPA or Learning Online Network with Computer-Assisted Personalized Approach](http://www.lon-capa.org/) is a course management and assessment much like Blackboard and WebAssign systems. The system is open-sourced under GPL, so has no direct licensing fees to use. At my institution, such a system is used to avoid the massive fees on the students that WebAssign currently uses as support. I just want to mention, that as a content manager, it is not meant as a complete replacement of Blackboard systems. In fact, it can work in sync with Blackboard, synchronizing grades between the systems. [Here is an flyer about the LON-CAPA system.](http://www.lon-capa.org/papers/flyer_for_web.pdf)
For the content on such a system, it seems that some publishers do provide resources for the LON-CAPA system, but in more of a bulk pricing instead of price per student. A resource that I found is [Course Weaver](http://www.courseweaver.com/homeworksystem/). Their [pricing system](http://www.courseweaver.com/homeworksystem/?page=pricing) seems much more reasonable than the large fees with ones like WebAssign.
There are other resources for free open source textbook as well. Check out [College Open Textbooks](http://www.collegeopentextbooks.org/opentextbookcontent/open-textbooks-by-subject/math). One feature of LON-CAPA is a cross-institutional repository of content for courses, so if you pick a textbook, you can use problems from other similar courses. You can check out the [Step-by-Step guide](http://www.lon-capa.org/stepbystep.html) for an idea for how it works.
Additionally, it seems that there is some research into the effectiveness of such a system: [Experiences using the open-source learning content management and assessment system LON-CAPA in introductory physics courses - ResearchGate. [accessed Mar 20, 2015]](http://www.researchgate.net/publication/251690370_Experiences_using_the_open-source_learning_content_management_and_assessment_system_LON-CAPA_in_introductory_physics_courses).
I must say, this is just what I've looked into. I have not interacted with this system, so I don't have any personal perspective on it. It seems I could be using it as early as this summer or fall, I can update then with a perspective if I use it. I'm also not in a position to comment on the future course content that we use just yet.
Another additional alternative is the [Open Courseware from MIT](http://ocw.mit.edu/). I have not looked too much into what they provide, but it seems comparable. | I am the author of a number of Free texts, for instance one on Linear Algebra that has some reasonable exposure. There are a fair number of such works and more are appearing. Check out the the [Open Mathbook blog](http://www.openmathbook.org/) for some start at a community for authors. I see that the current entry references an open Calc text.
Such efforts would benefit from more support from the mathematics community and from administrations as scholarship, but there are some of us lucky enough to have convinced our colleagues that this is a useful contribution.
However your question is a bit unclear. If you really mean crowdsourcing, that would, in my opinion, be much harder. A classroom textbook whose style changes from section to section, or even from paragraph to paragraph, would be hard to use, it would seem to me. |
7,656 | It is well known that Allen Hatcher has created a free textbook for algebraic topology that is high enough quality to be used in a large number of graduate courses in the united states, saving students a large amount of money.
Calculus is one of the most-taught courses in the united states; as such, many high-quality, expensive textbooks have been developed to teach calculus, often costing over $100.
>
> What are the major obstacles to a group of mathematics educators collaborating on an open source calculus textbook with a high enough quality to replace a commercial calculus textbook?
>
>
> | 2015/03/20 | [
"https://matheducators.stackexchange.com/questions/7656",
"https://matheducators.stackexchange.com",
"https://matheducators.stackexchange.com/users/78/"
] | To directly address your question, I would venture the major obstruction to universities developing their own textbooks is the publishing industry lobbying. You can read more about this [in Educause Review](http://www.educause.edu/ero/article/ten-years-later-why-open-educational-resources-have-not-noticeably-affected-higher-education-and-why-we-should-ca). They state the major roadblocks are: discoverability, quality control, bridging the last mile, and acquisition. But here is an alternative that some universities are piloting to help with those.
Developed by Michigan State University, [LON-CAPA or Learning Online Network with Computer-Assisted Personalized Approach](http://www.lon-capa.org/) is a course management and assessment much like Blackboard and WebAssign systems. The system is open-sourced under GPL, so has no direct licensing fees to use. At my institution, such a system is used to avoid the massive fees on the students that WebAssign currently uses as support. I just want to mention, that as a content manager, it is not meant as a complete replacement of Blackboard systems. In fact, it can work in sync with Blackboard, synchronizing grades between the systems. [Here is an flyer about the LON-CAPA system.](http://www.lon-capa.org/papers/flyer_for_web.pdf)
For the content on such a system, it seems that some publishers do provide resources for the LON-CAPA system, but in more of a bulk pricing instead of price per student. A resource that I found is [Course Weaver](http://www.courseweaver.com/homeworksystem/). Their [pricing system](http://www.courseweaver.com/homeworksystem/?page=pricing) seems much more reasonable than the large fees with ones like WebAssign.
There are other resources for free open source textbook as well. Check out [College Open Textbooks](http://www.collegeopentextbooks.org/opentextbookcontent/open-textbooks-by-subject/math). One feature of LON-CAPA is a cross-institutional repository of content for courses, so if you pick a textbook, you can use problems from other similar courses. You can check out the [Step-by-Step guide](http://www.lon-capa.org/stepbystep.html) for an idea for how it works.
Additionally, it seems that there is some research into the effectiveness of such a system: [Experiences using the open-source learning content management and assessment system LON-CAPA in introductory physics courses - ResearchGate. [accessed Mar 20, 2015]](http://www.researchgate.net/publication/251690370_Experiences_using_the_open-source_learning_content_management_and_assessment_system_LON-CAPA_in_introductory_physics_courses).
I must say, this is just what I've looked into. I have not interacted with this system, so I don't have any personal perspective on it. It seems I could be using it as early as this summer or fall, I can update then with a perspective if I use it. I'm also not in a position to comment on the future course content that we use just yet.
Another additional alternative is the [Open Courseware from MIT](http://ocw.mit.edu/). I have not looked too much into what they provide, but it seems comparable. | I use [Active Calculus](http://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/books/10/) by Matt Boelkins et al, and like it a lot. It is very good and totally open source (the author provided me the LaTeX files, which are licensed under Creative Commons, so that I could modify at will!) I also use and like (though they are less traditionally structured calculus texts, but in a way this is one of their strong points) the [Calculus in Context](http://www.math.smith.edu/Local/cicintro/) series. For online homework I use [Webwork](http://webwork.maa.org/) from MAA, which is free and open source - you can even write your own problems and contribute them to a national database. More generally, I tend to use [AIM's Open Textbook Initiative](http://aimath.org/textbooks/) to find open source texts. I've had very good experiences with the texts I have found. |
7,656 | It is well known that Allen Hatcher has created a free textbook for algebraic topology that is high enough quality to be used in a large number of graduate courses in the united states, saving students a large amount of money.
Calculus is one of the most-taught courses in the united states; as such, many high-quality, expensive textbooks have been developed to teach calculus, often costing over $100.
>
> What are the major obstacles to a group of mathematics educators collaborating on an open source calculus textbook with a high enough quality to replace a commercial calculus textbook?
>
>
> | 2015/03/20 | [
"https://matheducators.stackexchange.com/questions/7656",
"https://matheducators.stackexchange.com",
"https://matheducators.stackexchange.com/users/78/"
] | To directly address your question, I would venture the major obstruction to universities developing their own textbooks is the publishing industry lobbying. You can read more about this [in Educause Review](http://www.educause.edu/ero/article/ten-years-later-why-open-educational-resources-have-not-noticeably-affected-higher-education-and-why-we-should-ca). They state the major roadblocks are: discoverability, quality control, bridging the last mile, and acquisition. But here is an alternative that some universities are piloting to help with those.
Developed by Michigan State University, [LON-CAPA or Learning Online Network with Computer-Assisted Personalized Approach](http://www.lon-capa.org/) is a course management and assessment much like Blackboard and WebAssign systems. The system is open-sourced under GPL, so has no direct licensing fees to use. At my institution, such a system is used to avoid the massive fees on the students that WebAssign currently uses as support. I just want to mention, that as a content manager, it is not meant as a complete replacement of Blackboard systems. In fact, it can work in sync with Blackboard, synchronizing grades between the systems. [Here is an flyer about the LON-CAPA system.](http://www.lon-capa.org/papers/flyer_for_web.pdf)
For the content on such a system, it seems that some publishers do provide resources for the LON-CAPA system, but in more of a bulk pricing instead of price per student. A resource that I found is [Course Weaver](http://www.courseweaver.com/homeworksystem/). Their [pricing system](http://www.courseweaver.com/homeworksystem/?page=pricing) seems much more reasonable than the large fees with ones like WebAssign.
There are other resources for free open source textbook as well. Check out [College Open Textbooks](http://www.collegeopentextbooks.org/opentextbookcontent/open-textbooks-by-subject/math). One feature of LON-CAPA is a cross-institutional repository of content for courses, so if you pick a textbook, you can use problems from other similar courses. You can check out the [Step-by-Step guide](http://www.lon-capa.org/stepbystep.html) for an idea for how it works.
Additionally, it seems that there is some research into the effectiveness of such a system: [Experiences using the open-source learning content management and assessment system LON-CAPA in introductory physics courses - ResearchGate. [accessed Mar 20, 2015]](http://www.researchgate.net/publication/251690370_Experiences_using_the_open-source_learning_content_management_and_assessment_system_LON-CAPA_in_introductory_physics_courses).
I must say, this is just what I've looked into. I have not interacted with this system, so I don't have any personal perspective on it. It seems I could be using it as early as this summer or fall, I can update then with a perspective if I use it. I'm also not in a position to comment on the future course content that we use just yet.
Another additional alternative is the [Open Courseware from MIT](http://ocw.mit.edu/). I have not looked too much into what they provide, but it seems comparable. | 1. I agree very much with Hefferon but his Linear Algebra is not a very good example. Rather, it is too good an example. To write a book like this requires an immense amount of work.
2. Re crowdsourcing. It seems to me that this would be extremely difficult because between the moment you start writing and the moment when you start to have adoptions, and you need to reach a critical mass, quite a long time will have elapsed. See for instance what is left of the NSF' "Calculus Initiative" of circa 1990. And it could be argued that without the millions the NSF invested, even Harvard's calculus text would not have made it. And even *it* did not last that long.
3. Instead of crowdsourcing, then, I would try to go for collaboration with like-minded potential authors. But that too is not easy if only because of the problem of "How to write a book that is different" with "co-authors who might put different meaning on different".
4. Finally, I also agree with Hefferon that a big problem is to "convince our colleagues that this is a useful contribution."
Here again, anyone interested in what experience I am basing these opinions on might want to look up [freemathtexts](http://freemathtexts.org)
Best |
7,656 | It is well known that Allen Hatcher has created a free textbook for algebraic topology that is high enough quality to be used in a large number of graduate courses in the united states, saving students a large amount of money.
Calculus is one of the most-taught courses in the united states; as such, many high-quality, expensive textbooks have been developed to teach calculus, often costing over $100.
>
> What are the major obstacles to a group of mathematics educators collaborating on an open source calculus textbook with a high enough quality to replace a commercial calculus textbook?
>
>
> | 2015/03/20 | [
"https://matheducators.stackexchange.com/questions/7656",
"https://matheducators.stackexchange.com",
"https://matheducators.stackexchange.com/users/78/"
] | I am the author of a number of Free texts, for instance one on Linear Algebra that has some reasonable exposure. There are a fair number of such works and more are appearing. Check out the the [Open Mathbook blog](http://www.openmathbook.org/) for some start at a community for authors. I see that the current entry references an open Calc text.
Such efforts would benefit from more support from the mathematics community and from administrations as scholarship, but there are some of us lucky enough to have convinced our colleagues that this is a useful contribution.
However your question is a bit unclear. If you really mean crowdsourcing, that would, in my opinion, be much harder. A classroom textbook whose style changes from section to section, or even from paragraph to paragraph, would be hard to use, it would seem to me. | 1. I agree very much with Hefferon but his Linear Algebra is not a very good example. Rather, it is too good an example. To write a book like this requires an immense amount of work.
2. Re crowdsourcing. It seems to me that this would be extremely difficult because between the moment you start writing and the moment when you start to have adoptions, and you need to reach a critical mass, quite a long time will have elapsed. See for instance what is left of the NSF' "Calculus Initiative" of circa 1990. And it could be argued that without the millions the NSF invested, even Harvard's calculus text would not have made it. And even *it* did not last that long.
3. Instead of crowdsourcing, then, I would try to go for collaboration with like-minded potential authors. But that too is not easy if only because of the problem of "How to write a book that is different" with "co-authors who might put different meaning on different".
4. Finally, I also agree with Hefferon that a big problem is to "convince our colleagues that this is a useful contribution."
Here again, anyone interested in what experience I am basing these opinions on might want to look up [freemathtexts](http://freemathtexts.org)
Best |
7,656 | It is well known that Allen Hatcher has created a free textbook for algebraic topology that is high enough quality to be used in a large number of graduate courses in the united states, saving students a large amount of money.
Calculus is one of the most-taught courses in the united states; as such, many high-quality, expensive textbooks have been developed to teach calculus, often costing over $100.
>
> What are the major obstacles to a group of mathematics educators collaborating on an open source calculus textbook with a high enough quality to replace a commercial calculus textbook?
>
>
> | 2015/03/20 | [
"https://matheducators.stackexchange.com/questions/7656",
"https://matheducators.stackexchange.com",
"https://matheducators.stackexchange.com/users/78/"
] | I use [Active Calculus](http://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/books/10/) by Matt Boelkins et al, and like it a lot. It is very good and totally open source (the author provided me the LaTeX files, which are licensed under Creative Commons, so that I could modify at will!) I also use and like (though they are less traditionally structured calculus texts, but in a way this is one of their strong points) the [Calculus in Context](http://www.math.smith.edu/Local/cicintro/) series. For online homework I use [Webwork](http://webwork.maa.org/) from MAA, which is free and open source - you can even write your own problems and contribute them to a national database. More generally, I tend to use [AIM's Open Textbook Initiative](http://aimath.org/textbooks/) to find open source texts. I've had very good experiences with the texts I have found. | 1. I agree very much with Hefferon but his Linear Algebra is not a very good example. Rather, it is too good an example. To write a book like this requires an immense amount of work.
2. Re crowdsourcing. It seems to me that this would be extremely difficult because between the moment you start writing and the moment when you start to have adoptions, and you need to reach a critical mass, quite a long time will have elapsed. See for instance what is left of the NSF' "Calculus Initiative" of circa 1990. And it could be argued that without the millions the NSF invested, even Harvard's calculus text would not have made it. And even *it* did not last that long.
3. Instead of crowdsourcing, then, I would try to go for collaboration with like-minded potential authors. But that too is not easy if only because of the problem of "How to write a book that is different" with "co-authors who might put different meaning on different".
4. Finally, I also agree with Hefferon that a big problem is to "convince our colleagues that this is a useful contribution."
Here again, anyone interested in what experience I am basing these opinions on might want to look up [freemathtexts](http://freemathtexts.org)
Best |
418,119 | This mostly relates to how some users blatantly break rules, as in posting a question and expecting the whole code to be given to them (usually a rep 1 user and others who want their homework solved.
If certain other users, who wish to help others (so pretty much the whole community), are a bit fed up and give a rash/funny response, how frowned upon is that, if that "rash response" is fully in accordance with the rules of SO?
Examples being commenting are "Google it" or "Good luck with that task" and stuff like that. I learned the hard way that asking a question on here is a privilege and not a right. And it should be used as a last resort.
I would like to hear thoughts as to the limits of assisting someone, and what is classed as a bare minimum attempt when a user wants help, and when they are just begging for a solution.
Of course, some users are so starved for reputation that they will answer those extremely poor question in order to get some reputation. The same question: What kind of attitude is accepted for such (although not an offence) but still bad practice? | 2022/05/17 | [
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com/questions/418119",
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com",
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com/users/14196135/"
] | It is still unclear to me what is the main problem that you wish to expose here, but let's go piece by piece.
>
> This mostly relates to how some users blatantly break rules, as in posting a question and expecting the whole code to be given to them (usually a rep 1 user and others who want their homework solved.
>
>
>
That is not considered rule breaking. While there is some precedence on Meta which calls out the behavior of asking questions of that sort as inappropriate (sometimes even claimed to be downright [rude](https://meta.stackoverflow.com/a/309018)), this attitude by itself is not considered a code of conduct violation. It only becomes a problem if the user makes it a pattern of making low quality questions while dismissing warnings to take better consideration for the platform. More often than not, such users only end up with a question ban, although in rare cases a suspension may be issued.
It may happen that sometimes people will erroneously point towards the code of conduct on a low quality question. In that case they were better off pointing at [How to Ask](https://stackoverflow.com/help/how-to-ask).
>
> If certain other users, who wish to help others (so pretty much the whole community), are a bit fed up and give a rash/funny response, how frowned upon is that, if that "rash response" is fully in accordance with the rules of SO?
>
>
>
This is utterly incoherent. The code of conduct explicitly expects you to *be patient and kind when giving and receiving feedback*. If you cannot be patient and kind in your comments, you are better off not leaving any comments in the first place.
Granted, some comments will end up being more or less blunt and to the point than others. Each person has their own way with words. But ultimately, an international communication ground needs to set common ground, and this site favors less noise (with less chances of offending someone) over more communication (with greater chances of offending someone).
>
> Examples being commenting are "Google it" or "Good luck with that task" and stuff like that. I learned the hard way that asking a question on here is a privilege and not a right. And it should be used as a last resort.
>
>
>
"Google it" and "Good luck with that task" are *not constructive*. You should not post them, and any comment of this sort that you find should be flagged for removal. Note that there are even automatic mechanisms in place to prevent people from posting [lmgtfw](https://lmgtfy.app) links, for the same reason. The platform intends to be the host of the content, not the place that tells visitors to Google, nor a source of links which may die with time.
>
> I would like to hear thoughts as to the limits of assisting someone, and what is classed as a bare minimum attempt when a user wants help, and when they are just begging for a solution.
>
>
>
Any assessment of whether to answer a question must not be based on the author of the post, but on the overall quality of the question itself. And that is a direct consequence of the effort laid on the question. Remember that questions and answers are not just for you or the asker. They ought to be a useful resource for future visitors, so any consideration of merit to the asker is not applicable.
>
> Of course, some users are so starved for reputation that they will answer those extremely poor question in order to get some reputation.
>
>
>
That is not very accurate. There are [multiple other reasons for answering low quality questions](https://meta.stackoverflow.com/a/416912) which do not amount to reputation. There are users of the site with very large amounts of reputation who continue to prefer answering questions instead of identifying suitable duplicate targets.
In any case, as also explained in the question linked above, the course of action is still to evaluate the answer in that context. If you find that such an *answer* is not useful, please downvote! Note how we don't have to make this about the askers nor the answerers.
>
> The same question: What kind of attitude is accepted for such (although not an offence) but still bad practice?
>
>
>
No poor attitude is acceptable. The site's policies make no exceptions to poor conduct.
---
Moreover, if you believe that the code of conduct hinders moderations, and that being harsher to our users, berating and shaming them for posting low quality content is the way to combat the incoming flood of crap, that says more about you than it says about the condition of the site. Don't be that person. | This question was asked as a combination of three things that I have seen on this website, and it caused a wave of confusion which hit me and I didn't understand how to deal with it.
* The wave of new users who post low quality questions ("unending flood of "new contributors" and their often lazy/rude questions."[1](https://meta.stackoverflow.com/questions/418119/having-a-rough-attitude-but-being-right-and-following-rules-of-the-website#comment910176_418119) [@Snow](https://meta.stackoverflow.com/users/11081214/snow)
* My own actions on which I was called out for doing incorrectly (asking question primarily)
* And one user posted a question on Meta how he felt bad because he answered a duplicate question and was well lost because of this action
Those three things must've caused me a lot of conflicts in my head, hence why I made this question.
Thank you once again to everyone in the comments for explaining and presenting a better opinion than those I myself hold. |
307,118 | I've been interested in porting Ubuntu to my Apple hardware for quite some time and I'm coming to the conclusion that I'm going to have to do the port myself but I have no idea how to complete such a task.
Please advise me on how to port an OS to another device, steps involved, and what I need to teach myself to be successful. Don't tell me Apple wont allow it, its my hardware outright and I'm dissatisfied with the current operating system on my hardware.
The phone was purchased for full price, and I completed a 2 year contract agreement, and the iPhone hasn't been used as a phone for a couple of years now. I've seen Android on the iPhone so my assumption is that it is possible.
Thanks for your replies in advance. | 2013/06/12 | [
"https://askubuntu.com/questions/307118",
"https://askubuntu.com",
"https://askubuntu.com/users/166512/"
] | Honestly, you probably can't do this on your own.
That being said, Ubuntu Touch, IIRC, is based in part on Android. So you'd need to take or make a build of Android that runs on iPhone and port Ubuntu Touch to it using [these instructions](https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Touch/Porting). | There was an attempt to get android to run on iOS devices called [iDroid](http://www.idroidproject.org/). The project is officially dead and I have tried numerous times to contact the original dev to see if he had plans on trying again but to no avail.
They do have a [GitHub for the last attempt at it](https://github.com/iDroid-Project/openiBoot) but that is only the first step. You would then need something like cyanogenmod (I think is the name) to be able to run on your mock iDroid before attempting to get ubuntu touch to load on your already over stressed device.
I wish I knew more to help out because I would love to see this come to fruition. But this is all I can provide. Wonder if ubuntu has thought to try and hack iOS to run it for jailbroken devices. |
1,644 | These attributes could be character archetypes or traits, attributes of the setting, characteristics of plot or pacing, and broader themes. Essentially, I'd like to build a definition of the genre by identifying its basic components.
Please provide examples to back up your claims. | 2011/02/16 | [
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/questions/1644",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/users/296/"
] | Generally speaking, Steampunk concerns itself with Victorian characters, themes, and technology level, while taking the technology available and creating devices that, if not impossible, are impractical. The spider vehicle in the film Wild Wild West.
For technology, Steampunk typically cannot use internal combustion engines, nor most forms of "regular" electricity. It is still perfectly acceptable to make use of capacitors or tesla coils, or basically anything found in Dr. Frankenstein's lab. Steam engines, hydraulics, and clockwork are the ways in which to make things. And the more impractical the better. Best example is the device that is the size of a barn that makes ice cubes in Back to the Future Part 3.
Regular propeller airplane? Nope! Must use dirigibles, or bizarre flying contraptions out of Leonardo Da Vinci's sketchbook. Jets are completely out. See the 1961 film Master of the World.
For any device created, it is highly important to have it finely crafted and visually appealing as well as functional. For example, if one were building a rocketship to the moon, it is not simply a matter of putting dials and guages (although there should be as many of these as possible), but there should also be a rather posh and luxurious chair in which to sit while operating the levers and dials on the overly crowded control panel. From the Earth to the Moon by Jules Verne.
Main sources include anything by Jules Verne, a great many things by Edgar Rice Burroughs, and the television series Wild Wild West.
Women and Men have Victorian clothes and Victorian traits. These include romanticism, a high regard for virtue, chivalry, and outright chauvinism. At least for the good guys. The bad guys are really bad and over the top, and usually with some sort of very fancy mustache. The villians of this genre are much like James Bond villains. | Steampunk is a romantic sub genre of science fiction/fantasy. The types of device typically found in Steampunk are enumerated in Ernest's answer as are the outward behaviours of steampunk characters within their universe.
As to the why of it all. The modern age is one where visions of utopian empire building are frowned upon and ridiculed. We are so close to an actual ramshackle global government no one asked for that the thought of one in modern clothing is abhorrent to most.
The people of the Western world in the late 19th Century had no such embarassment. The 19th Century was the last time that there were real frontiers, where empires were seen as "a good thing" and where man was confident that soon we would have worked out the mechanics of the universe itself.
People of this era saw nothing wrong with imposing their civilisation on others, they believed naively but with great fervour in the idea of a brave new world. Optimism was high.
Steampunk as a genre attempts to reconnect us with the idea of utopia and also allows us to satirise it almost without irony even as we embrace it. The idea of fantastical devices all built in ecologically unsound materials and manned by a people filled with bravura, boundless confidence and hope for a brighter tomorrow allows us indulgent fantasy, wry humour and an amazing design ethic in one package.
The fact is steam punk art looks gorgeous, the narrative side of the genre struggles to keep up with the imagery. "Proper" steampunk glories in the visual while at the same time acknowledging that utopia is trickier than the characters may believe it to be. It's very hard to depict such naive and often politically imprudent characters while preserving some respect and admiration for them. The best people at this have been, ironically, the Japanese. Much anime steampunk abandons the notion that utopia is a naive hope, I think the Japanese have had a very utopian worldview in the past few decades. The anime "Metropolis" presents the most coherent steampunk world view I have seen to date. Steamboy looks great but isn't quite as accessible. Howl's Moving Castle mixes steampunk with straight fantasy and suffers a little for it.
Essentially if writing steampunk the authorial voice should be indulgent, expansive, epic but always tongue in cheek. |
6,018 | Is there a good replacement for my trackpad driver? I have the latest Synaptics one and its crap. It has its helper processes set to Above Normal which cause a lockup when doing video or a game. I have an Asus G50vt.
I would like to maintain the scroll area. | 2009/07/16 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/6018",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/2066/"
] | You should always stick to your manufacture-specific synaptics driver. As shown in [my answer here](https://superuser.com/questions/13429/get-side-scroll-area-back-on-laptop-trackpad/13457#13457). Synaptics states that:
>
> *The Synaptics device driver is customized to meet the specific requirements of your device manufacturer. To ensure that you get the appropriate device driver for your system, download your Synaptics device driver from your system manufacturer's support website*
>
>
>
So your best bet is to get [ASUS-specific drivers](http://support.asus.de/download/download.aspx). This ensures the expected functionality, and stability needed for that exact notebook configuration. | i usually just go with the default one that windows installs. it doesn't have all the fancy bells\*whistles but i find it more reliable. You can try a rollback on the driver? |
6,018 | Is there a good replacement for my trackpad driver? I have the latest Synaptics one and its crap. It has its helper processes set to Above Normal which cause a lockup when doing video or a game. I have an Asus G50vt.
I would like to maintain the scroll area. | 2009/07/16 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/6018",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/2066/"
] | I asked a [similar question](https://superuser.com/questions/13429/get-side-scroll-area-back-on-laptop-trackpad) which might have an answer you could be interested in:
>
> Try downloading the latest touchpad drivers (manufacturer specific) from the [Toshiba website](http://www.csd.toshiba.com/cgi-bin/tais/support/jsp/home.jsp?nav=Download), otherwise try directly from the [Synaptics site](http://www.synaptics.com/support/drivers).
>
>
> Disclaimer on Synaptics website:
>
>
>
> >
> > The Synaptics device driver is
> > customized to meet the specific
> > requirements of your device
> > manufacturer. To ensure that you get
> > the appropriate device driver for your
> > system, download your Synaptics device
> > driver from your system manufacturer's
> > support website
> >
> >
> >
>
>
> | i usually just go with the default one that windows installs. it doesn't have all the fancy bells\*whistles but i find it more reliable. You can try a rollback on the driver? |
6,018 | Is there a good replacement for my trackpad driver? I have the latest Synaptics one and its crap. It has its helper processes set to Above Normal which cause a lockup when doing video or a game. I have an Asus G50vt.
I would like to maintain the scroll area. | 2009/07/16 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/6018",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/2066/"
] | OP, i agree that one should always be cautious when choosing from where to obtain updates, but, at least in my personal experience, many computer manufacturers abandon putting recent driver updates for older models. heck, my HP site is still trying to get me to put windows vista back on my computer and i'm on 7 (yay).
but to your question: <http://www.uscrybe.com/download.php>
if your particular synaptics pad is version 6.2 or above, this driver will give you multi=finger gestures and two finger scroll (you guys know you have mac envy ;P) AND will let you draw letters on your mouse pad to perform user defined tasks (among many other cool things).
i bet you can't get THAT on your computer manufacturer's website =) | i usually just go with the default one that windows installs. it doesn't have all the fancy bells\*whistles but i find it more reliable. You can try a rollback on the driver? |
6,018 | Is there a good replacement for my trackpad driver? I have the latest Synaptics one and its crap. It has its helper processes set to Above Normal which cause a lockup when doing video or a game. I have an Asus G50vt.
I would like to maintain the scroll area. | 2009/07/16 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/6018",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/2066/"
] | You should always stick to your manufacture-specific synaptics driver. As shown in [my answer here](https://superuser.com/questions/13429/get-side-scroll-area-back-on-laptop-trackpad/13457#13457). Synaptics states that:
>
> *The Synaptics device driver is customized to meet the specific requirements of your device manufacturer. To ensure that you get the appropriate device driver for your system, download your Synaptics device driver from your system manufacturer's support website*
>
>
>
So your best bet is to get [ASUS-specific drivers](http://support.asus.de/download/download.aspx). This ensures the expected functionality, and stability needed for that exact notebook configuration. | I have small hands and the tap-2-click was killing me, as I am always typing commands on the servers I support remotely. I heard the same answer from Asus and Synaptic, "stick with the manufacturer's driver"
If the driver is impacting the functionality of something so essential as typing or simply utilizing the laptop, then there is a problem.
Here's the fix- If available, download the Elan version of the driver from the manufacturer. Many, like Asus, utilize two different manufacturer's touchpads that are essentially the same, so the other driver may have the feature options the first driver did not.
For me, I went to Asus support site, downloaded the Elan version after many other's failed, (such as Vista drivers in compatibility mode, etc..) and I was very satisfied with the Elan drivers for my U46e Asus laptop that allowed me to control the touchpad tap-2-click, scrolling, etc. |
6,018 | Is there a good replacement for my trackpad driver? I have the latest Synaptics one and its crap. It has its helper processes set to Above Normal which cause a lockup when doing video or a game. I have an Asus G50vt.
I would like to maintain the scroll area. | 2009/07/16 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/6018",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/2066/"
] | I asked a [similar question](https://superuser.com/questions/13429/get-side-scroll-area-back-on-laptop-trackpad) which might have an answer you could be interested in:
>
> Try downloading the latest touchpad drivers (manufacturer specific) from the [Toshiba website](http://www.csd.toshiba.com/cgi-bin/tais/support/jsp/home.jsp?nav=Download), otherwise try directly from the [Synaptics site](http://www.synaptics.com/support/drivers).
>
>
> Disclaimer on Synaptics website:
>
>
>
> >
> > The Synaptics device driver is
> > customized to meet the specific
> > requirements of your device
> > manufacturer. To ensure that you get
> > the appropriate device driver for your
> > system, download your Synaptics device
> > driver from your system manufacturer's
> > support website
> >
> >
> >
>
>
> | I have small hands and the tap-2-click was killing me, as I am always typing commands on the servers I support remotely. I heard the same answer from Asus and Synaptic, "stick with the manufacturer's driver"
If the driver is impacting the functionality of something so essential as typing or simply utilizing the laptop, then there is a problem.
Here's the fix- If available, download the Elan version of the driver from the manufacturer. Many, like Asus, utilize two different manufacturer's touchpads that are essentially the same, so the other driver may have the feature options the first driver did not.
For me, I went to Asus support site, downloaded the Elan version after many other's failed, (such as Vista drivers in compatibility mode, etc..) and I was very satisfied with the Elan drivers for my U46e Asus laptop that allowed me to control the touchpad tap-2-click, scrolling, etc. |
6,018 | Is there a good replacement for my trackpad driver? I have the latest Synaptics one and its crap. It has its helper processes set to Above Normal which cause a lockup when doing video or a game. I have an Asus G50vt.
I would like to maintain the scroll area. | 2009/07/16 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/6018",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/2066/"
] | OP, i agree that one should always be cautious when choosing from where to obtain updates, but, at least in my personal experience, many computer manufacturers abandon putting recent driver updates for older models. heck, my HP site is still trying to get me to put windows vista back on my computer and i'm on 7 (yay).
but to your question: <http://www.uscrybe.com/download.php>
if your particular synaptics pad is version 6.2 or above, this driver will give you multi=finger gestures and two finger scroll (you guys know you have mac envy ;P) AND will let you draw letters on your mouse pad to perform user defined tasks (among many other cool things).
i bet you can't get THAT on your computer manufacturer's website =) | I have small hands and the tap-2-click was killing me, as I am always typing commands on the servers I support remotely. I heard the same answer from Asus and Synaptic, "stick with the manufacturer's driver"
If the driver is impacting the functionality of something so essential as typing or simply utilizing the laptop, then there is a problem.
Here's the fix- If available, download the Elan version of the driver from the manufacturer. Many, like Asus, utilize two different manufacturer's touchpads that are essentially the same, so the other driver may have the feature options the first driver did not.
For me, I went to Asus support site, downloaded the Elan version after many other's failed, (such as Vista drivers in compatibility mode, etc..) and I was very satisfied with the Elan drivers for my U46e Asus laptop that allowed me to control the touchpad tap-2-click, scrolling, etc. |
23,495 | I have seen a few bikes marketed as "Expedition Bikes". They seem to be designed for the purpose of touring off-the-beaten-track. Typically they have 26 inch wheels and either butterfly or flat bars, though I have seen a couple with drops. Some even have internal hub gears. The one defining characteristic seems to be the 26 inch wheels though.
What is the advantage, specifically, of the 26 inch wheels over 700c when on an 'Expedition' type tour? And more in general, are there other advantages to buying (or building) an Expedition Bike rather than just modifying an existing road tourer? | 2014/07/08 | [
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/23495",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/users/12861/"
] | You should find that on those bikes **everything is a bit stronger** and heavier than a standard touring bike. Not only are they expected to carry more weight, they're designed to be ridden into places where failures are more difficult to recover from. As well, because they're designed to be ridden off road they'll usually have a lower top tube for better stand-over height, and there are fewer compromises in building a frame like that with smaller wheels.
**Smaller wheels are stronger** than larger ones, mostly laterally but also weight-for-weight vertically (shorter circumference means more material per unit length). This is most obvious with the 306 and 406 wheels used on trikes, but applies also to larger wheels except that the differences are smaller. Larger wheels mean the axle is higher, but also the top of the fork crown and so on, so you're adding the change in diameter to the frame height, not the change in radius.
Decent 26" **tyres are more available** in small towns. With a 700c or 27" wheel you may find that you have a choice of flimsy, skinny tyres and nothing else. (thanks Batman). In a pinch you can tour on cheap MTB tyres more easily than cheap 700c tyres, because a cheap, skinny tyre is going to puncture more easily and not deal with touring loads as well. I've seen a lot of bike shops in small towns in the first world that have BMX tyres, 26" off-road and city tyres, and 700c "race" tyres, all cheap unbranded tyres. It's not a choice between an expensive good brand and a cheap one, it's a choice between two widths or styles of the cheap one. If you have a choice. Or wait a week or more for mail order, because your order goes by air to a major city, then road to a minor city, then bus freight to where you are. Ideally you'd always carry a spare tyre, but in practice that just means you're waiting to replace the spare rather than the currently wrecked tyre.
Another factor is **ease of building a frame** that will accept fat tyres with the wheel size. Once you add a 2.5" tyre to your 700c wheel the frame gets quite large (29er MTB frames), which makes designing for low stand-over height harder and all the stresses on the frame get larger because the tubes are longer making for longer levers. The differences are small, but they add up - a slightly longer lever needs a slightly stronger tube, so now you have a longer tube that's also heavier per unit length, and overall the 10% extra length means a 25% heavier tube.
You are also more likely to find **disk brakes** on expedition bikes, because again they're more robust. Not necessarily the caliper and rotor, but the wheel as a whole. If you get a buckled wheel, with disk brakes the critical question is "does the buckle clear the frame" (ie, does the wheel go round), but with rim brakes it's "can I adjust the brakes to clear the rim" (that ignores "do the brakes still work like that").
The reason you see Rohloff **hub gears** on expedition bikes is the same. Sure, they add cost, but they are *reliable*. Not only do you lose the low-hanging, fragile rear derailleur, the straight chain line and high chain-ground clearance means chains last longer. The hubs go 5000km between oil changes and 150,000km or more before needing replacement. As a bonus you get a stronger wheel from wider spaced, symmetrical flanges (that are also taller). Again, it might be 1kg heavier, but when you're loading 50kg or more of stuff on the bike, do you really care?
.
The motivation for a lot of this is that it's all very well saying "I'll just get a lift to the next town", but if you're riding the [Birdsville Track](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birdsville_Track) in the off season (recommended to avoid getting run over by tourists) you might wait several days for the next car to arrive. And they might not be able to carry your bike as well as you. So not only do you need enough food for 500km, you need water for at least a week (2-3 days between water supplies, plus a reserve). Then you have to get a lift back to your bike with parts, fix it, and ride on. Much better to pay a bit extra and get a bike that doesn't break in the first place... | But expedition bikes are not limited 26".
Salsa makes two:
[Vaya](http://salsacycles.com/bikes/2014_vaya_2)
[Fargo](http://salsacycles.com/bikes/2014_fargo_2)
I see no advantage to a 26" wheel
* 700 / 29 is more efficient (both 622 iso)
* 29 off roads better than 26
* They are making very strong 700 / 29 now. Downhill bikes use 29.
* With disc brake my experience is better wheel availability than 26".
* My experience is a more availability of 700 / 29 tires than 26"
As far as building:
* If you start from a 700 road tourer they are not designed for wider tires you want for off road. And is not going to have the ground clearance you want for off road. I would say a high end tourer is rugged enough. You are going to get a bike that is designed to carry a load.
* If you start with a 29 mtn bike then you get all the off road characteristics you want. You can put large tires on it that go from street to trail. The problem there is you are not going to get a bike that was designed to carry a load. Many will have braze on for a rear rack. Most likely no mounts for a front rack. And it was not designed for more inclined road touring position. If you just put mtn drop bars on it then it is going to be low. You need a frame that was designed for mtn drops. |
23,495 | I have seen a few bikes marketed as "Expedition Bikes". They seem to be designed for the purpose of touring off-the-beaten-track. Typically they have 26 inch wheels and either butterfly or flat bars, though I have seen a couple with drops. Some even have internal hub gears. The one defining characteristic seems to be the 26 inch wheels though.
What is the advantage, specifically, of the 26 inch wheels over 700c when on an 'Expedition' type tour? And more in general, are there other advantages to buying (or building) an Expedition Bike rather than just modifying an existing road tourer? | 2014/07/08 | [
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/23495",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/users/12861/"
] | You should find that on those bikes **everything is a bit stronger** and heavier than a standard touring bike. Not only are they expected to carry more weight, they're designed to be ridden into places where failures are more difficult to recover from. As well, because they're designed to be ridden off road they'll usually have a lower top tube for better stand-over height, and there are fewer compromises in building a frame like that with smaller wheels.
**Smaller wheels are stronger** than larger ones, mostly laterally but also weight-for-weight vertically (shorter circumference means more material per unit length). This is most obvious with the 306 and 406 wheels used on trikes, but applies also to larger wheels except that the differences are smaller. Larger wheels mean the axle is higher, but also the top of the fork crown and so on, so you're adding the change in diameter to the frame height, not the change in radius.
Decent 26" **tyres are more available** in small towns. With a 700c or 27" wheel you may find that you have a choice of flimsy, skinny tyres and nothing else. (thanks Batman). In a pinch you can tour on cheap MTB tyres more easily than cheap 700c tyres, because a cheap, skinny tyre is going to puncture more easily and not deal with touring loads as well. I've seen a lot of bike shops in small towns in the first world that have BMX tyres, 26" off-road and city tyres, and 700c "race" tyres, all cheap unbranded tyres. It's not a choice between an expensive good brand and a cheap one, it's a choice between two widths or styles of the cheap one. If you have a choice. Or wait a week or more for mail order, because your order goes by air to a major city, then road to a minor city, then bus freight to where you are. Ideally you'd always carry a spare tyre, but in practice that just means you're waiting to replace the spare rather than the currently wrecked tyre.
Another factor is **ease of building a frame** that will accept fat tyres with the wheel size. Once you add a 2.5" tyre to your 700c wheel the frame gets quite large (29er MTB frames), which makes designing for low stand-over height harder and all the stresses on the frame get larger because the tubes are longer making for longer levers. The differences are small, but they add up - a slightly longer lever needs a slightly stronger tube, so now you have a longer tube that's also heavier per unit length, and overall the 10% extra length means a 25% heavier tube.
You are also more likely to find **disk brakes** on expedition bikes, because again they're more robust. Not necessarily the caliper and rotor, but the wheel as a whole. If you get a buckled wheel, with disk brakes the critical question is "does the buckle clear the frame" (ie, does the wheel go round), but with rim brakes it's "can I adjust the brakes to clear the rim" (that ignores "do the brakes still work like that").
The reason you see Rohloff **hub gears** on expedition bikes is the same. Sure, they add cost, but they are *reliable*. Not only do you lose the low-hanging, fragile rear derailleur, the straight chain line and high chain-ground clearance means chains last longer. The hubs go 5000km between oil changes and 150,000km or more before needing replacement. As a bonus you get a stronger wheel from wider spaced, symmetrical flanges (that are also taller). Again, it might be 1kg heavier, but when you're loading 50kg or more of stuff on the bike, do you really care?
.
The motivation for a lot of this is that it's all very well saying "I'll just get a lift to the next town", but if you're riding the [Birdsville Track](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birdsville_Track) in the off season (recommended to avoid getting run over by tourists) you might wait several days for the next car to arrive. And they might not be able to carry your bike as well as you. So not only do you need enough food for 500km, you need water for at least a week (2-3 days between water supplies, plus a reserve). Then you have to get a lift back to your bike with parts, fix it, and ride on. Much better to pay a bit extra and get a bike that doesn't break in the first place... | Expedition bikes
----------------
You will see "expedition" bike at manufacturers who are specialized in touring bikes, and have many models. The marketing department needs to differentiate somehow, so the common groups are called trekking, touring, expedition. But this can vary, and for me the expedition is usually the top bike in their offering, with the most expensive gear.
Usually there are three categories in marketing to sell products, a low range (silver), a medium range (gold), and a top of the range (platinum), or whatever name you call it. The top of the range is usually the product with all the bells and whistles. Only a few customers buy it, but the idea behind is to make it available, so if somebody wants to buy it, it is there.
<http://www.roseversand.de/produkte/fahrraeder/trekking-bikes/>
<http://www.en.tout-terrain.de/>
**26" vs. 700C**
More of a personal preference choice then a real rational one.
People often quote that 26" wheels are easier to come by in rural areas. This is a myth:
* Schwalbe Marathon (or similar from Schwalbe) has a history to go 10-20000 km without puncture on tours. Read the blogs.
* Carry one or two sets of spare tyres. You don't want to continue on cheap tires for 1000+ miles/km.
* In the very rare case that you blow up your spare tire, you can mail order to your next destination. Of course, you need to get the contacts of the shop before you leave home.
* If you rims fail, this because you had poor rims. Get a Rigida Andra 30 frame before you leave on a longer tour.
Before mail order, and before Schwalbe this myth was true, but it is not anymore. Now we have DHL, TNT, internet, mobile phone, iPad, and a whole range of puncture proof, long lasting tyres, comfortable ballon tyres in foldable version.
For me, the wheel size preference on a single bike boils down to:
* 26" is easier to maneuver (lower center of gravity), and has an extra gear uphill
* 700C is faster, has an extra gear to go fast
Read this article:
<http://cyclingabout.com/index.php/2011/12/700c-vs-26-inch-wheel-size-for-touring/>
The writer chose 700C for single bike (speed preference), and 26" for tandem (strength preference).
**Handlebars:**
* UK, US, Australia - almost always drop bars
* Europe (Germany, Netherlands, France, etc.) - flat or butterfly bars
The important thing of a touring handlebar is to offer at least two positions for the hand, to prevent sore. A butterfly offers 5, a drop bar offers typically 3, a flat bar with Ergon grips offers 2. Note that you cannot convert a bike from drop bars to butterfly/flat without compromising your sitting positon. Thorn bikes have a long article on this in their bike selector booklet.
**What is important for me in a touring bike:**
1. Geometry: 45 cm chainstay to fit panniers. Long wheelbase (110 cm) also helps.
2. Comfortable contact points: saddle, handlebar, pedals. Probably you need to change these.
3. Strong rims (Rigida Andra 30), strong racks (Tubus), strong-puncture proof tyres (Schwalbe Marathon).
The rest is personal preference, and depends on the budget. |
23,495 | I have seen a few bikes marketed as "Expedition Bikes". They seem to be designed for the purpose of touring off-the-beaten-track. Typically they have 26 inch wheels and either butterfly or flat bars, though I have seen a couple with drops. Some even have internal hub gears. The one defining characteristic seems to be the 26 inch wheels though.
What is the advantage, specifically, of the 26 inch wheels over 700c when on an 'Expedition' type tour? And more in general, are there other advantages to buying (or building) an Expedition Bike rather than just modifying an existing road tourer? | 2014/07/08 | [
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/23495",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/users/12861/"
] | You should find that on those bikes **everything is a bit stronger** and heavier than a standard touring bike. Not only are they expected to carry more weight, they're designed to be ridden into places where failures are more difficult to recover from. As well, because they're designed to be ridden off road they'll usually have a lower top tube for better stand-over height, and there are fewer compromises in building a frame like that with smaller wheels.
**Smaller wheels are stronger** than larger ones, mostly laterally but also weight-for-weight vertically (shorter circumference means more material per unit length). This is most obvious with the 306 and 406 wheels used on trikes, but applies also to larger wheels except that the differences are smaller. Larger wheels mean the axle is higher, but also the top of the fork crown and so on, so you're adding the change in diameter to the frame height, not the change in radius.
Decent 26" **tyres are more available** in small towns. With a 700c or 27" wheel you may find that you have a choice of flimsy, skinny tyres and nothing else. (thanks Batman). In a pinch you can tour on cheap MTB tyres more easily than cheap 700c tyres, because a cheap, skinny tyre is going to puncture more easily and not deal with touring loads as well. I've seen a lot of bike shops in small towns in the first world that have BMX tyres, 26" off-road and city tyres, and 700c "race" tyres, all cheap unbranded tyres. It's not a choice between an expensive good brand and a cheap one, it's a choice between two widths or styles of the cheap one. If you have a choice. Or wait a week or more for mail order, because your order goes by air to a major city, then road to a minor city, then bus freight to where you are. Ideally you'd always carry a spare tyre, but in practice that just means you're waiting to replace the spare rather than the currently wrecked tyre.
Another factor is **ease of building a frame** that will accept fat tyres with the wheel size. Once you add a 2.5" tyre to your 700c wheel the frame gets quite large (29er MTB frames), which makes designing for low stand-over height harder and all the stresses on the frame get larger because the tubes are longer making for longer levers. The differences are small, but they add up - a slightly longer lever needs a slightly stronger tube, so now you have a longer tube that's also heavier per unit length, and overall the 10% extra length means a 25% heavier tube.
You are also more likely to find **disk brakes** on expedition bikes, because again they're more robust. Not necessarily the caliper and rotor, but the wheel as a whole. If you get a buckled wheel, with disk brakes the critical question is "does the buckle clear the frame" (ie, does the wheel go round), but with rim brakes it's "can I adjust the brakes to clear the rim" (that ignores "do the brakes still work like that").
The reason you see Rohloff **hub gears** on expedition bikes is the same. Sure, they add cost, but they are *reliable*. Not only do you lose the low-hanging, fragile rear derailleur, the straight chain line and high chain-ground clearance means chains last longer. The hubs go 5000km between oil changes and 150,000km or more before needing replacement. As a bonus you get a stronger wheel from wider spaced, symmetrical flanges (that are also taller). Again, it might be 1kg heavier, but when you're loading 50kg or more of stuff on the bike, do you really care?
.
The motivation for a lot of this is that it's all very well saying "I'll just get a lift to the next town", but if you're riding the [Birdsville Track](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birdsville_Track) in the off season (recommended to avoid getting run over by tourists) you might wait several days for the next car to arrive. And they might not be able to carry your bike as well as you. So not only do you need enough food for 500km, you need water for at least a week (2-3 days between water supplies, plus a reserve). Then you have to get a lift back to your bike with parts, fix it, and ride on. Much better to pay a bit extra and get a bike that doesn't break in the first place... | I've put up an extensive article on the subject here - <http://www.bretonbikes.com/generalarticles/700cvs26inch.html>
It's typically opinionated and I don't expect everyone to agree, but it is written from huge (unique?) experience and I hope will encourage people to at least think about the subject |
23,495 | I have seen a few bikes marketed as "Expedition Bikes". They seem to be designed for the purpose of touring off-the-beaten-track. Typically they have 26 inch wheels and either butterfly or flat bars, though I have seen a couple with drops. Some even have internal hub gears. The one defining characteristic seems to be the 26 inch wheels though.
What is the advantage, specifically, of the 26 inch wheels over 700c when on an 'Expedition' type tour? And more in general, are there other advantages to buying (or building) an Expedition Bike rather than just modifying an existing road tourer? | 2014/07/08 | [
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/23495",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/users/12861/"
] | You should find that on those bikes **everything is a bit stronger** and heavier than a standard touring bike. Not only are they expected to carry more weight, they're designed to be ridden into places where failures are more difficult to recover from. As well, because they're designed to be ridden off road they'll usually have a lower top tube for better stand-over height, and there are fewer compromises in building a frame like that with smaller wheels.
**Smaller wheels are stronger** than larger ones, mostly laterally but also weight-for-weight vertically (shorter circumference means more material per unit length). This is most obvious with the 306 and 406 wheels used on trikes, but applies also to larger wheels except that the differences are smaller. Larger wheels mean the axle is higher, but also the top of the fork crown and so on, so you're adding the change in diameter to the frame height, not the change in radius.
Decent 26" **tyres are more available** in small towns. With a 700c or 27" wheel you may find that you have a choice of flimsy, skinny tyres and nothing else. (thanks Batman). In a pinch you can tour on cheap MTB tyres more easily than cheap 700c tyres, because a cheap, skinny tyre is going to puncture more easily and not deal with touring loads as well. I've seen a lot of bike shops in small towns in the first world that have BMX tyres, 26" off-road and city tyres, and 700c "race" tyres, all cheap unbranded tyres. It's not a choice between an expensive good brand and a cheap one, it's a choice between two widths or styles of the cheap one. If you have a choice. Or wait a week or more for mail order, because your order goes by air to a major city, then road to a minor city, then bus freight to where you are. Ideally you'd always carry a spare tyre, but in practice that just means you're waiting to replace the spare rather than the currently wrecked tyre.
Another factor is **ease of building a frame** that will accept fat tyres with the wheel size. Once you add a 2.5" tyre to your 700c wheel the frame gets quite large (29er MTB frames), which makes designing for low stand-over height harder and all the stresses on the frame get larger because the tubes are longer making for longer levers. The differences are small, but they add up - a slightly longer lever needs a slightly stronger tube, so now you have a longer tube that's also heavier per unit length, and overall the 10% extra length means a 25% heavier tube.
You are also more likely to find **disk brakes** on expedition bikes, because again they're more robust. Not necessarily the caliper and rotor, but the wheel as a whole. If you get a buckled wheel, with disk brakes the critical question is "does the buckle clear the frame" (ie, does the wheel go round), but with rim brakes it's "can I adjust the brakes to clear the rim" (that ignores "do the brakes still work like that").
The reason you see Rohloff **hub gears** on expedition bikes is the same. Sure, they add cost, but they are *reliable*. Not only do you lose the low-hanging, fragile rear derailleur, the straight chain line and high chain-ground clearance means chains last longer. The hubs go 5000km between oil changes and 150,000km or more before needing replacement. As a bonus you get a stronger wheel from wider spaced, symmetrical flanges (that are also taller). Again, it might be 1kg heavier, but when you're loading 50kg or more of stuff on the bike, do you really care?
.
The motivation for a lot of this is that it's all very well saying "I'll just get a lift to the next town", but if you're riding the [Birdsville Track](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birdsville_Track) in the off season (recommended to avoid getting run over by tourists) you might wait several days for the next car to arrive. And they might not be able to carry your bike as well as you. So not only do you need enough food for 500km, you need water for at least a week (2-3 days between water supplies, plus a reserve). Then you have to get a lift back to your bike with parts, fix it, and ride on. Much better to pay a bit extra and get a bike that doesn't break in the first place... | It's no myth that decent 700s are hard to come by. I'm in Huaraz, Peru trying to find a wider tire for my Fargo to get off pavement. There are no Schwalbes to be found anywhere in this country. Mail order is unreliable as customs may or may NOT impose an incredibly high import tax. OR they might just not release a mail order for months.
Geometry, cycle jargon, techno babble aside, 26" wheels make more sense for logistical reasons. |
23,495 | I have seen a few bikes marketed as "Expedition Bikes". They seem to be designed for the purpose of touring off-the-beaten-track. Typically they have 26 inch wheels and either butterfly or flat bars, though I have seen a couple with drops. Some even have internal hub gears. The one defining characteristic seems to be the 26 inch wheels though.
What is the advantage, specifically, of the 26 inch wheels over 700c when on an 'Expedition' type tour? And more in general, are there other advantages to buying (or building) an Expedition Bike rather than just modifying an existing road tourer? | 2014/07/08 | [
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/23495",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/users/12861/"
] | Expedition bikes
----------------
You will see "expedition" bike at manufacturers who are specialized in touring bikes, and have many models. The marketing department needs to differentiate somehow, so the common groups are called trekking, touring, expedition. But this can vary, and for me the expedition is usually the top bike in their offering, with the most expensive gear.
Usually there are three categories in marketing to sell products, a low range (silver), a medium range (gold), and a top of the range (platinum), or whatever name you call it. The top of the range is usually the product with all the bells and whistles. Only a few customers buy it, but the idea behind is to make it available, so if somebody wants to buy it, it is there.
<http://www.roseversand.de/produkte/fahrraeder/trekking-bikes/>
<http://www.en.tout-terrain.de/>
**26" vs. 700C**
More of a personal preference choice then a real rational one.
People often quote that 26" wheels are easier to come by in rural areas. This is a myth:
* Schwalbe Marathon (or similar from Schwalbe) has a history to go 10-20000 km without puncture on tours. Read the blogs.
* Carry one or two sets of spare tyres. You don't want to continue on cheap tires for 1000+ miles/km.
* In the very rare case that you blow up your spare tire, you can mail order to your next destination. Of course, you need to get the contacts of the shop before you leave home.
* If you rims fail, this because you had poor rims. Get a Rigida Andra 30 frame before you leave on a longer tour.
Before mail order, and before Schwalbe this myth was true, but it is not anymore. Now we have DHL, TNT, internet, mobile phone, iPad, and a whole range of puncture proof, long lasting tyres, comfortable ballon tyres in foldable version.
For me, the wheel size preference on a single bike boils down to:
* 26" is easier to maneuver (lower center of gravity), and has an extra gear uphill
* 700C is faster, has an extra gear to go fast
Read this article:
<http://cyclingabout.com/index.php/2011/12/700c-vs-26-inch-wheel-size-for-touring/>
The writer chose 700C for single bike (speed preference), and 26" for tandem (strength preference).
**Handlebars:**
* UK, US, Australia - almost always drop bars
* Europe (Germany, Netherlands, France, etc.) - flat or butterfly bars
The important thing of a touring handlebar is to offer at least two positions for the hand, to prevent sore. A butterfly offers 5, a drop bar offers typically 3, a flat bar with Ergon grips offers 2. Note that you cannot convert a bike from drop bars to butterfly/flat without compromising your sitting positon. Thorn bikes have a long article on this in their bike selector booklet.
**What is important for me in a touring bike:**
1. Geometry: 45 cm chainstay to fit panniers. Long wheelbase (110 cm) also helps.
2. Comfortable contact points: saddle, handlebar, pedals. Probably you need to change these.
3. Strong rims (Rigida Andra 30), strong racks (Tubus), strong-puncture proof tyres (Schwalbe Marathon).
The rest is personal preference, and depends on the budget. | But expedition bikes are not limited 26".
Salsa makes two:
[Vaya](http://salsacycles.com/bikes/2014_vaya_2)
[Fargo](http://salsacycles.com/bikes/2014_fargo_2)
I see no advantage to a 26" wheel
* 700 / 29 is more efficient (both 622 iso)
* 29 off roads better than 26
* They are making very strong 700 / 29 now. Downhill bikes use 29.
* With disc brake my experience is better wheel availability than 26".
* My experience is a more availability of 700 / 29 tires than 26"
As far as building:
* If you start from a 700 road tourer they are not designed for wider tires you want for off road. And is not going to have the ground clearance you want for off road. I would say a high end tourer is rugged enough. You are going to get a bike that is designed to carry a load.
* If you start with a 29 mtn bike then you get all the off road characteristics you want. You can put large tires on it that go from street to trail. The problem there is you are not going to get a bike that was designed to carry a load. Many will have braze on for a rear rack. Most likely no mounts for a front rack. And it was not designed for more inclined road touring position. If you just put mtn drop bars on it then it is going to be low. You need a frame that was designed for mtn drops. |
23,495 | I have seen a few bikes marketed as "Expedition Bikes". They seem to be designed for the purpose of touring off-the-beaten-track. Typically they have 26 inch wheels and either butterfly or flat bars, though I have seen a couple with drops. Some even have internal hub gears. The one defining characteristic seems to be the 26 inch wheels though.
What is the advantage, specifically, of the 26 inch wheels over 700c when on an 'Expedition' type tour? And more in general, are there other advantages to buying (or building) an Expedition Bike rather than just modifying an existing road tourer? | 2014/07/08 | [
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/23495",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/users/12861/"
] | But expedition bikes are not limited 26".
Salsa makes two:
[Vaya](http://salsacycles.com/bikes/2014_vaya_2)
[Fargo](http://salsacycles.com/bikes/2014_fargo_2)
I see no advantage to a 26" wheel
* 700 / 29 is more efficient (both 622 iso)
* 29 off roads better than 26
* They are making very strong 700 / 29 now. Downhill bikes use 29.
* With disc brake my experience is better wheel availability than 26".
* My experience is a more availability of 700 / 29 tires than 26"
As far as building:
* If you start from a 700 road tourer they are not designed for wider tires you want for off road. And is not going to have the ground clearance you want for off road. I would say a high end tourer is rugged enough. You are going to get a bike that is designed to carry a load.
* If you start with a 29 mtn bike then you get all the off road characteristics you want. You can put large tires on it that go from street to trail. The problem there is you are not going to get a bike that was designed to carry a load. Many will have braze on for a rear rack. Most likely no mounts for a front rack. And it was not designed for more inclined road touring position. If you just put mtn drop bars on it then it is going to be low. You need a frame that was designed for mtn drops. | I've put up an extensive article on the subject here - <http://www.bretonbikes.com/generalarticles/700cvs26inch.html>
It's typically opinionated and I don't expect everyone to agree, but it is written from huge (unique?) experience and I hope will encourage people to at least think about the subject |
23,495 | I have seen a few bikes marketed as "Expedition Bikes". They seem to be designed for the purpose of touring off-the-beaten-track. Typically they have 26 inch wheels and either butterfly or flat bars, though I have seen a couple with drops. Some even have internal hub gears. The one defining characteristic seems to be the 26 inch wheels though.
What is the advantage, specifically, of the 26 inch wheels over 700c when on an 'Expedition' type tour? And more in general, are there other advantages to buying (or building) an Expedition Bike rather than just modifying an existing road tourer? | 2014/07/08 | [
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/23495",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/users/12861/"
] | It's no myth that decent 700s are hard to come by. I'm in Huaraz, Peru trying to find a wider tire for my Fargo to get off pavement. There are no Schwalbes to be found anywhere in this country. Mail order is unreliable as customs may or may NOT impose an incredibly high import tax. OR they might just not release a mail order for months.
Geometry, cycle jargon, techno babble aside, 26" wheels make more sense for logistical reasons. | But expedition bikes are not limited 26".
Salsa makes two:
[Vaya](http://salsacycles.com/bikes/2014_vaya_2)
[Fargo](http://salsacycles.com/bikes/2014_fargo_2)
I see no advantage to a 26" wheel
* 700 / 29 is more efficient (both 622 iso)
* 29 off roads better than 26
* They are making very strong 700 / 29 now. Downhill bikes use 29.
* With disc brake my experience is better wheel availability than 26".
* My experience is a more availability of 700 / 29 tires than 26"
As far as building:
* If you start from a 700 road tourer they are not designed for wider tires you want for off road. And is not going to have the ground clearance you want for off road. I would say a high end tourer is rugged enough. You are going to get a bike that is designed to carry a load.
* If you start with a 29 mtn bike then you get all the off road characteristics you want. You can put large tires on it that go from street to trail. The problem there is you are not going to get a bike that was designed to carry a load. Many will have braze on for a rear rack. Most likely no mounts for a front rack. And it was not designed for more inclined road touring position. If you just put mtn drop bars on it then it is going to be low. You need a frame that was designed for mtn drops. |
23,495 | I have seen a few bikes marketed as "Expedition Bikes". They seem to be designed for the purpose of touring off-the-beaten-track. Typically they have 26 inch wheels and either butterfly or flat bars, though I have seen a couple with drops. Some even have internal hub gears. The one defining characteristic seems to be the 26 inch wheels though.
What is the advantage, specifically, of the 26 inch wheels over 700c when on an 'Expedition' type tour? And more in general, are there other advantages to buying (or building) an Expedition Bike rather than just modifying an existing road tourer? | 2014/07/08 | [
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/23495",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/users/12861/"
] | Expedition bikes
----------------
You will see "expedition" bike at manufacturers who are specialized in touring bikes, and have many models. The marketing department needs to differentiate somehow, so the common groups are called trekking, touring, expedition. But this can vary, and for me the expedition is usually the top bike in their offering, with the most expensive gear.
Usually there are three categories in marketing to sell products, a low range (silver), a medium range (gold), and a top of the range (platinum), or whatever name you call it. The top of the range is usually the product with all the bells and whistles. Only a few customers buy it, but the idea behind is to make it available, so if somebody wants to buy it, it is there.
<http://www.roseversand.de/produkte/fahrraeder/trekking-bikes/>
<http://www.en.tout-terrain.de/>
**26" vs. 700C**
More of a personal preference choice then a real rational one.
People often quote that 26" wheels are easier to come by in rural areas. This is a myth:
* Schwalbe Marathon (or similar from Schwalbe) has a history to go 10-20000 km without puncture on tours. Read the blogs.
* Carry one or two sets of spare tyres. You don't want to continue on cheap tires for 1000+ miles/km.
* In the very rare case that you blow up your spare tire, you can mail order to your next destination. Of course, you need to get the contacts of the shop before you leave home.
* If you rims fail, this because you had poor rims. Get a Rigida Andra 30 frame before you leave on a longer tour.
Before mail order, and before Schwalbe this myth was true, but it is not anymore. Now we have DHL, TNT, internet, mobile phone, iPad, and a whole range of puncture proof, long lasting tyres, comfortable ballon tyres in foldable version.
For me, the wheel size preference on a single bike boils down to:
* 26" is easier to maneuver (lower center of gravity), and has an extra gear uphill
* 700C is faster, has an extra gear to go fast
Read this article:
<http://cyclingabout.com/index.php/2011/12/700c-vs-26-inch-wheel-size-for-touring/>
The writer chose 700C for single bike (speed preference), and 26" for tandem (strength preference).
**Handlebars:**
* UK, US, Australia - almost always drop bars
* Europe (Germany, Netherlands, France, etc.) - flat or butterfly bars
The important thing of a touring handlebar is to offer at least two positions for the hand, to prevent sore. A butterfly offers 5, a drop bar offers typically 3, a flat bar with Ergon grips offers 2. Note that you cannot convert a bike from drop bars to butterfly/flat without compromising your sitting positon. Thorn bikes have a long article on this in their bike selector booklet.
**What is important for me in a touring bike:**
1. Geometry: 45 cm chainstay to fit panniers. Long wheelbase (110 cm) also helps.
2. Comfortable contact points: saddle, handlebar, pedals. Probably you need to change these.
3. Strong rims (Rigida Andra 30), strong racks (Tubus), strong-puncture proof tyres (Schwalbe Marathon).
The rest is personal preference, and depends on the budget. | I've put up an extensive article on the subject here - <http://www.bretonbikes.com/generalarticles/700cvs26inch.html>
It's typically opinionated and I don't expect everyone to agree, but it is written from huge (unique?) experience and I hope will encourage people to at least think about the subject |
23,495 | I have seen a few bikes marketed as "Expedition Bikes". They seem to be designed for the purpose of touring off-the-beaten-track. Typically they have 26 inch wheels and either butterfly or flat bars, though I have seen a couple with drops. Some even have internal hub gears. The one defining characteristic seems to be the 26 inch wheels though.
What is the advantage, specifically, of the 26 inch wheels over 700c when on an 'Expedition' type tour? And more in general, are there other advantages to buying (or building) an Expedition Bike rather than just modifying an existing road tourer? | 2014/07/08 | [
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/23495",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/users/12861/"
] | It's no myth that decent 700s are hard to come by. I'm in Huaraz, Peru trying to find a wider tire for my Fargo to get off pavement. There are no Schwalbes to be found anywhere in this country. Mail order is unreliable as customs may or may NOT impose an incredibly high import tax. OR they might just not release a mail order for months.
Geometry, cycle jargon, techno babble aside, 26" wheels make more sense for logistical reasons. | Expedition bikes
----------------
You will see "expedition" bike at manufacturers who are specialized in touring bikes, and have many models. The marketing department needs to differentiate somehow, so the common groups are called trekking, touring, expedition. But this can vary, and for me the expedition is usually the top bike in their offering, with the most expensive gear.
Usually there are three categories in marketing to sell products, a low range (silver), a medium range (gold), and a top of the range (platinum), or whatever name you call it. The top of the range is usually the product with all the bells and whistles. Only a few customers buy it, but the idea behind is to make it available, so if somebody wants to buy it, it is there.
<http://www.roseversand.de/produkte/fahrraeder/trekking-bikes/>
<http://www.en.tout-terrain.de/>
**26" vs. 700C**
More of a personal preference choice then a real rational one.
People often quote that 26" wheels are easier to come by in rural areas. This is a myth:
* Schwalbe Marathon (or similar from Schwalbe) has a history to go 10-20000 km without puncture on tours. Read the blogs.
* Carry one or two sets of spare tyres. You don't want to continue on cheap tires for 1000+ miles/km.
* In the very rare case that you blow up your spare tire, you can mail order to your next destination. Of course, you need to get the contacts of the shop before you leave home.
* If you rims fail, this because you had poor rims. Get a Rigida Andra 30 frame before you leave on a longer tour.
Before mail order, and before Schwalbe this myth was true, but it is not anymore. Now we have DHL, TNT, internet, mobile phone, iPad, and a whole range of puncture proof, long lasting tyres, comfortable ballon tyres in foldable version.
For me, the wheel size preference on a single bike boils down to:
* 26" is easier to maneuver (lower center of gravity), and has an extra gear uphill
* 700C is faster, has an extra gear to go fast
Read this article:
<http://cyclingabout.com/index.php/2011/12/700c-vs-26-inch-wheel-size-for-touring/>
The writer chose 700C for single bike (speed preference), and 26" for tandem (strength preference).
**Handlebars:**
* UK, US, Australia - almost always drop bars
* Europe (Germany, Netherlands, France, etc.) - flat or butterfly bars
The important thing of a touring handlebar is to offer at least two positions for the hand, to prevent sore. A butterfly offers 5, a drop bar offers typically 3, a flat bar with Ergon grips offers 2. Note that you cannot convert a bike from drop bars to butterfly/flat without compromising your sitting positon. Thorn bikes have a long article on this in their bike selector booklet.
**What is important for me in a touring bike:**
1. Geometry: 45 cm chainstay to fit panniers. Long wheelbase (110 cm) also helps.
2. Comfortable contact points: saddle, handlebar, pedals. Probably you need to change these.
3. Strong rims (Rigida Andra 30), strong racks (Tubus), strong-puncture proof tyres (Schwalbe Marathon).
The rest is personal preference, and depends on the budget. |
23,495 | I have seen a few bikes marketed as "Expedition Bikes". They seem to be designed for the purpose of touring off-the-beaten-track. Typically they have 26 inch wheels and either butterfly or flat bars, though I have seen a couple with drops. Some even have internal hub gears. The one defining characteristic seems to be the 26 inch wheels though.
What is the advantage, specifically, of the 26 inch wheels over 700c when on an 'Expedition' type tour? And more in general, are there other advantages to buying (or building) an Expedition Bike rather than just modifying an existing road tourer? | 2014/07/08 | [
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/23495",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/users/12861/"
] | It's no myth that decent 700s are hard to come by. I'm in Huaraz, Peru trying to find a wider tire for my Fargo to get off pavement. There are no Schwalbes to be found anywhere in this country. Mail order is unreliable as customs may or may NOT impose an incredibly high import tax. OR they might just not release a mail order for months.
Geometry, cycle jargon, techno babble aside, 26" wheels make more sense for logistical reasons. | I've put up an extensive article on the subject here - <http://www.bretonbikes.com/generalarticles/700cvs26inch.html>
It's typically opinionated and I don't expect everyone to agree, but it is written from huge (unique?) experience and I hope will encourage people to at least think about the subject |
109,553 | I have a Windows Server 2008 that has a single network interface configured with a public IP address. My business partner has a private network. From my server, I need to access all the devices on his private network, and those devices must be able to access my server.
My business partner has a standard solution for these requirements. They will setup an IPSec + GRE tunnel to my server. They told me, that I will need an additional public IP address for this to work. If it really is necessary, there is no problem, I can get an additional public IP address, although it will be assigned to the same physical network interface.
I assume that on my server I will have both public IP addresses and also the private IP address from the tunnel (the same that is visible for the devices inside the private network).
What alternatives do I have?
1. Is it possible to configure this tunnel on my Windows Server 2008? Can it be done using only Windows tools, or do I need an additional free / commercial VPN software?
2. If it cannot be done directly on Windows, can I setup an additional virtual machine running Linux, that will handle the IPSec + GRE tasks? How to do it?
3. If it cannot be done on a virtual linux box, will I have to buy and setup a Cisco router to handle the IPSec + GRE tasks?
Thanks for your opinions. I'm watching this question to clarify any issues or questions. | 2010/02/04 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/109553",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/346/"
] | You didn't specify what your partner's end of the tunnel is (unless I missed it). I spent a lot of time on a tunnel between Windows Server **2003** and a Cisco Router. It is supposed to be possible, but I failed in doing it, and am not the only one. You can read about [here](https://serverfault.com/questions/85838/site-to-site-tunnel-between-cisco-router-and-windows-server-2003-2008) and [here](https://serverfault.com/questions/84119/ipsec-tunnel-between-cisco-and-xp-quick-mode-fails-when-initiated-by-routero).
So if they are using a Cisco router, I recommend you go out and buy one too to save yourself time and lots of aggravation. OpenVPN or Linux to Cisco might be an option? But I have used Cisco to Cisco IPSec tunnels with no interruptions problems for years.
Here are [Cisco docs](http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk583/tk372/technologies_configuration_example09186a0080094bff.shtml) on GRE/IpSec with NAT, but with the Cisco router you can avoid making the tunnel go through nat. | Cisco's implementation of IPSec is not compatible with anything else then Cisco. I know IPSec is a standard but Cisco has a specific implementation that will keep you from connecting anything else then their equipements.
*Is it possible to configure this tunnel on my Windows Server 2008? Can it be done using only Windows tools, or do I need an additional free / commercial VPN software?*
Yes you need the Cisco VPN Client. It is free for IPSec and works just fine. Just be careful as it is made for desktop clients. It may have some annoying functionnalities such as short timeouts.
*If it cannot be done on a virtual linux box, will I have to buy and setup a Cisco router to handle the IPSec + GRE tasks?*
You can always buy a Cisco box that does IPSec. Be careful you may need specific licensing to do IPSec. This will be the most reliable and simple option by far. On the other hand, it's not a free solution. A small [Cisco ASA 5505](http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps6120/prod_models_comparison.html) will do the trick.
Also, you don't need to have an extra public IP address. Using the same IP you use for everything else will be fine. |
109,553 | I have a Windows Server 2008 that has a single network interface configured with a public IP address. My business partner has a private network. From my server, I need to access all the devices on his private network, and those devices must be able to access my server.
My business partner has a standard solution for these requirements. They will setup an IPSec + GRE tunnel to my server. They told me, that I will need an additional public IP address for this to work. If it really is necessary, there is no problem, I can get an additional public IP address, although it will be assigned to the same physical network interface.
I assume that on my server I will have both public IP addresses and also the private IP address from the tunnel (the same that is visible for the devices inside the private network).
What alternatives do I have?
1. Is it possible to configure this tunnel on my Windows Server 2008? Can it be done using only Windows tools, or do I need an additional free / commercial VPN software?
2. If it cannot be done directly on Windows, can I setup an additional virtual machine running Linux, that will handle the IPSec + GRE tasks? How to do it?
3. If it cannot be done on a virtual linux box, will I have to buy and setup a Cisco router to handle the IPSec + GRE tasks?
Thanks for your opinions. I'm watching this question to clarify any issues or questions. | 2010/02/04 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/109553",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/346/"
] | After weeks of problems unrelated to the tunnel itself, my admin configured the tunnel to end on a separate Linux box running Openswan. The decrypted and unpacked traffic is then routed to our Windows box and back.
There are no problems with compatibility with the Cisco router on the other end.
So we successfully went with option #2 without the need to buy a physical Cisco router. | You didn't specify what your partner's end of the tunnel is (unless I missed it). I spent a lot of time on a tunnel between Windows Server **2003** and a Cisco Router. It is supposed to be possible, but I failed in doing it, and am not the only one. You can read about [here](https://serverfault.com/questions/85838/site-to-site-tunnel-between-cisco-router-and-windows-server-2003-2008) and [here](https://serverfault.com/questions/84119/ipsec-tunnel-between-cisco-and-xp-quick-mode-fails-when-initiated-by-routero).
So if they are using a Cisco router, I recommend you go out and buy one too to save yourself time and lots of aggravation. OpenVPN or Linux to Cisco might be an option? But I have used Cisco to Cisco IPSec tunnels with no interruptions problems for years.
Here are [Cisco docs](http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk583/tk372/technologies_configuration_example09186a0080094bff.shtml) on GRE/IpSec with NAT, but with the Cisco router you can avoid making the tunnel go through nat. |
109,553 | I have a Windows Server 2008 that has a single network interface configured with a public IP address. My business partner has a private network. From my server, I need to access all the devices on his private network, and those devices must be able to access my server.
My business partner has a standard solution for these requirements. They will setup an IPSec + GRE tunnel to my server. They told me, that I will need an additional public IP address for this to work. If it really is necessary, there is no problem, I can get an additional public IP address, although it will be assigned to the same physical network interface.
I assume that on my server I will have both public IP addresses and also the private IP address from the tunnel (the same that is visible for the devices inside the private network).
What alternatives do I have?
1. Is it possible to configure this tunnel on my Windows Server 2008? Can it be done using only Windows tools, or do I need an additional free / commercial VPN software?
2. If it cannot be done directly on Windows, can I setup an additional virtual machine running Linux, that will handle the IPSec + GRE tasks? How to do it?
3. If it cannot be done on a virtual linux box, will I have to buy and setup a Cisco router to handle the IPSec + GRE tasks?
Thanks for your opinions. I'm watching this question to clarify any issues or questions. | 2010/02/04 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/109553",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/346/"
] | You didn't specify what your partner's end of the tunnel is (unless I missed it). I spent a lot of time on a tunnel between Windows Server **2003** and a Cisco Router. It is supposed to be possible, but I failed in doing it, and am not the only one. You can read about [here](https://serverfault.com/questions/85838/site-to-site-tunnel-between-cisco-router-and-windows-server-2003-2008) and [here](https://serverfault.com/questions/84119/ipsec-tunnel-between-cisco-and-xp-quick-mode-fails-when-initiated-by-routero).
So if they are using a Cisco router, I recommend you go out and buy one too to save yourself time and lots of aggravation. OpenVPN or Linux to Cisco might be an option? But I have used Cisco to Cisco IPSec tunnels with no interruptions problems for years.
Here are [Cisco docs](http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk583/tk372/technologies_configuration_example09186a0080094bff.shtml) on GRE/IpSec with NAT, but with the Cisco router you can avoid making the tunnel go through nat. | Openswan or Libreswan to Cisco works fine.
I use it as a hub a spoke arrangment, the Cisco is the hub, the linux and Digi routers are the spokes. I use GRE tunnels inside the IPsec, works great.
On the Cisco end some tips:
You do NOT need an ACL to define interesting traffic on the hub,
You need a route map to stop the traffic int eh tunnels form being NAT'd,
Pre-shared-keys work fine, destinations are identified by the GRE tunnel routes. |
109,553 | I have a Windows Server 2008 that has a single network interface configured with a public IP address. My business partner has a private network. From my server, I need to access all the devices on his private network, and those devices must be able to access my server.
My business partner has a standard solution for these requirements. They will setup an IPSec + GRE tunnel to my server. They told me, that I will need an additional public IP address for this to work. If it really is necessary, there is no problem, I can get an additional public IP address, although it will be assigned to the same physical network interface.
I assume that on my server I will have both public IP addresses and also the private IP address from the tunnel (the same that is visible for the devices inside the private network).
What alternatives do I have?
1. Is it possible to configure this tunnel on my Windows Server 2008? Can it be done using only Windows tools, or do I need an additional free / commercial VPN software?
2. If it cannot be done directly on Windows, can I setup an additional virtual machine running Linux, that will handle the IPSec + GRE tasks? How to do it?
3. If it cannot be done on a virtual linux box, will I have to buy and setup a Cisco router to handle the IPSec + GRE tasks?
Thanks for your opinions. I'm watching this question to clarify any issues or questions. | 2010/02/04 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/109553",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/346/"
] | After weeks of problems unrelated to the tunnel itself, my admin configured the tunnel to end on a separate Linux box running Openswan. The decrypted and unpacked traffic is then routed to our Windows box and back.
There are no problems with compatibility with the Cisco router on the other end.
So we successfully went with option #2 without the need to buy a physical Cisco router. | Cisco's implementation of IPSec is not compatible with anything else then Cisco. I know IPSec is a standard but Cisco has a specific implementation that will keep you from connecting anything else then their equipements.
*Is it possible to configure this tunnel on my Windows Server 2008? Can it be done using only Windows tools, or do I need an additional free / commercial VPN software?*
Yes you need the Cisco VPN Client. It is free for IPSec and works just fine. Just be careful as it is made for desktop clients. It may have some annoying functionnalities such as short timeouts.
*If it cannot be done on a virtual linux box, will I have to buy and setup a Cisco router to handle the IPSec + GRE tasks?*
You can always buy a Cisco box that does IPSec. Be careful you may need specific licensing to do IPSec. This will be the most reliable and simple option by far. On the other hand, it's not a free solution. A small [Cisco ASA 5505](http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps6120/prod_models_comparison.html) will do the trick.
Also, you don't need to have an extra public IP address. Using the same IP you use for everything else will be fine. |
109,553 | I have a Windows Server 2008 that has a single network interface configured with a public IP address. My business partner has a private network. From my server, I need to access all the devices on his private network, and those devices must be able to access my server.
My business partner has a standard solution for these requirements. They will setup an IPSec + GRE tunnel to my server. They told me, that I will need an additional public IP address for this to work. If it really is necessary, there is no problem, I can get an additional public IP address, although it will be assigned to the same physical network interface.
I assume that on my server I will have both public IP addresses and also the private IP address from the tunnel (the same that is visible for the devices inside the private network).
What alternatives do I have?
1. Is it possible to configure this tunnel on my Windows Server 2008? Can it be done using only Windows tools, or do I need an additional free / commercial VPN software?
2. If it cannot be done directly on Windows, can I setup an additional virtual machine running Linux, that will handle the IPSec + GRE tasks? How to do it?
3. If it cannot be done on a virtual linux box, will I have to buy and setup a Cisco router to handle the IPSec + GRE tasks?
Thanks for your opinions. I'm watching this question to clarify any issues or questions. | 2010/02/04 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/109553",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/346/"
] | Cisco's implementation of IPSec is not compatible with anything else then Cisco. I know IPSec is a standard but Cisco has a specific implementation that will keep you from connecting anything else then their equipements.
*Is it possible to configure this tunnel on my Windows Server 2008? Can it be done using only Windows tools, or do I need an additional free / commercial VPN software?*
Yes you need the Cisco VPN Client. It is free for IPSec and works just fine. Just be careful as it is made for desktop clients. It may have some annoying functionnalities such as short timeouts.
*If it cannot be done on a virtual linux box, will I have to buy and setup a Cisco router to handle the IPSec + GRE tasks?*
You can always buy a Cisco box that does IPSec. Be careful you may need specific licensing to do IPSec. This will be the most reliable and simple option by far. On the other hand, it's not a free solution. A small [Cisco ASA 5505](http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps6120/prod_models_comparison.html) will do the trick.
Also, you don't need to have an extra public IP address. Using the same IP you use for everything else will be fine. | Openswan or Libreswan to Cisco works fine.
I use it as a hub a spoke arrangment, the Cisco is the hub, the linux and Digi routers are the spokes. I use GRE tunnels inside the IPsec, works great.
On the Cisco end some tips:
You do NOT need an ACL to define interesting traffic on the hub,
You need a route map to stop the traffic int eh tunnels form being NAT'd,
Pre-shared-keys work fine, destinations are identified by the GRE tunnel routes. |
109,553 | I have a Windows Server 2008 that has a single network interface configured with a public IP address. My business partner has a private network. From my server, I need to access all the devices on his private network, and those devices must be able to access my server.
My business partner has a standard solution for these requirements. They will setup an IPSec + GRE tunnel to my server. They told me, that I will need an additional public IP address for this to work. If it really is necessary, there is no problem, I can get an additional public IP address, although it will be assigned to the same physical network interface.
I assume that on my server I will have both public IP addresses and also the private IP address from the tunnel (the same that is visible for the devices inside the private network).
What alternatives do I have?
1. Is it possible to configure this tunnel on my Windows Server 2008? Can it be done using only Windows tools, or do I need an additional free / commercial VPN software?
2. If it cannot be done directly on Windows, can I setup an additional virtual machine running Linux, that will handle the IPSec + GRE tasks? How to do it?
3. If it cannot be done on a virtual linux box, will I have to buy and setup a Cisco router to handle the IPSec + GRE tasks?
Thanks for your opinions. I'm watching this question to clarify any issues or questions. | 2010/02/04 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/109553",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/346/"
] | After weeks of problems unrelated to the tunnel itself, my admin configured the tunnel to end on a separate Linux box running Openswan. The decrypted and unpacked traffic is then routed to our Windows box and back.
There are no problems with compatibility with the Cisco router on the other end.
So we successfully went with option #2 without the need to buy a physical Cisco router. | Openswan or Libreswan to Cisco works fine.
I use it as a hub a spoke arrangment, the Cisco is the hub, the linux and Digi routers are the spokes. I use GRE tunnels inside the IPsec, works great.
On the Cisco end some tips:
You do NOT need an ACL to define interesting traffic on the hub,
You need a route map to stop the traffic int eh tunnels form being NAT'd,
Pre-shared-keys work fine, destinations are identified by the GRE tunnel routes. |
5,985 | [TUG 2015](http://tug.org/tug2015/), this years meeting of the [TeX Users Group](http://tug.org/) will be in Darmstadt, Germany, from July 20 to 22.
Who would like to go there? Does anybody plan to make a presentation?
>
> * April 10 - bursary application deadline.
> * May 1 - deadline for abstracts for presentation proposals.
> * May 15 - deadline for early bird registration discount.
> * June 1 - deadline for preprints to be in the printed program.
>
>
>
*(Thread plagiarized from the [last one by Stefan](https://tex.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/3336/who-plans-to-go-to-the-tug-2013-conference-in-japan).)*
**late edit:**
The [program and participants list](http://tug.org/tug2015/program.html)
is posted on the TUG 2015 web site. | 2015/02/26 | [
"https://tex.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/5985",
"https://tex.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://tex.meta.stackexchange.com/users/11002/"
] | I plan to attend, to put faces to names of many of the wonderful people here on this site (and elsewhere too), and also to learn about new, exciting developments in the world of TeX and Friends!
I submitted an abstract with the title:
>
> Pretty-printing Git commit history graphs with PGF/Ti*k*Z
>
>
>
**Update:** [My abstract](https://www.tug.org/tug2015/abstracts/gessler.txt) was accepted by the conference committee and is now listed on the [program page](https://www.tug.org/tug2015/program.html). | I'd like to go as well but am not sure if it fits my schedule. |
5,985 | [TUG 2015](http://tug.org/tug2015/), this years meeting of the [TeX Users Group](http://tug.org/) will be in Darmstadt, Germany, from July 20 to 22.
Who would like to go there? Does anybody plan to make a presentation?
>
> * April 10 - bursary application deadline.
> * May 1 - deadline for abstracts for presentation proposals.
> * May 15 - deadline for early bird registration discount.
> * June 1 - deadline for preprints to be in the printed program.
>
>
>
*(Thread plagiarized from the [last one by Stefan](https://tex.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/3336/who-plans-to-go-to-the-tug-2013-conference-in-japan).)*
**late edit:**
The [program and participants list](http://tug.org/tug2015/program.html)
is posted on the TUG 2015 web site. | 2015/02/26 | [
"https://tex.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/5985",
"https://tex.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://tex.meta.stackexchange.com/users/11002/"
] | Me too planning to come for TUG-15. :)
There is a mailing list for TUG-15 possible attendees.
[TUG-15 mailing list](http://tug.org/mailman/listinfo/tug2015-attendees)
It will be great to discuss travels plans on mailing list. So that one can refer back to the information specially about travel plans etc. of others to join for travel. | I'll be there; arriving on Sunday and departing on Thursday. We should organize a TeX.SE [BoF](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birds_of_a_feather_%28computing%29) session. |
5,985 | [TUG 2015](http://tug.org/tug2015/), this years meeting of the [TeX Users Group](http://tug.org/) will be in Darmstadt, Germany, from July 20 to 22.
Who would like to go there? Does anybody plan to make a presentation?
>
> * April 10 - bursary application deadline.
> * May 1 - deadline for abstracts for presentation proposals.
> * May 15 - deadline for early bird registration discount.
> * June 1 - deadline for preprints to be in the printed program.
>
>
>
*(Thread plagiarized from the [last one by Stefan](https://tex.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/3336/who-plans-to-go-to-the-tug-2013-conference-in-japan).)*
**late edit:**
The [program and participants list](http://tug.org/tug2015/program.html)
is posted on the TUG 2015 web site. | 2015/02/26 | [
"https://tex.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/5985",
"https://tex.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://tex.meta.stackexchange.com/users/11002/"
] | I'm planning to go. And I don't plan to submit a paper. | I plan to arrive Sunday and to stay for the whole conference. Luckily my job projects will allow it, even better, I can do it as a business travel. At work people saw my TikZ generated network architecture drawings. |
5,985 | [TUG 2015](http://tug.org/tug2015/), this years meeting of the [TeX Users Group](http://tug.org/) will be in Darmstadt, Germany, from July 20 to 22.
Who would like to go there? Does anybody plan to make a presentation?
>
> * April 10 - bursary application deadline.
> * May 1 - deadline for abstracts for presentation proposals.
> * May 15 - deadline for early bird registration discount.
> * June 1 - deadline for preprints to be in the printed program.
>
>
>
*(Thread plagiarized from the [last one by Stefan](https://tex.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/3336/who-plans-to-go-to-the-tug-2013-conference-in-japan).)*
**late edit:**
The [program and participants list](http://tug.org/tug2015/program.html)
is posted on the TUG 2015 web site. | 2015/02/26 | [
"https://tex.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/5985",
"https://tex.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://tex.meta.stackexchange.com/users/11002/"
] | Guess the answer in my case is going to be yes (might even cycle there) and yes (I plan to give a talk) -- see you there folks | I plan to arrive Sunday and to stay for the whole conference. Luckily my job projects will allow it, even better, I can do it as a business travel. At work people saw my TikZ generated network architecture drawings. |
5,985 | [TUG 2015](http://tug.org/tug2015/), this years meeting of the [TeX Users Group](http://tug.org/) will be in Darmstadt, Germany, from July 20 to 22.
Who would like to go there? Does anybody plan to make a presentation?
>
> * April 10 - bursary application deadline.
> * May 1 - deadline for abstracts for presentation proposals.
> * May 15 - deadline for early bird registration discount.
> * June 1 - deadline for preprints to be in the printed program.
>
>
>
*(Thread plagiarized from the [last one by Stefan](https://tex.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/3336/who-plans-to-go-to-the-tug-2013-conference-in-japan).)*
**late edit:**
The [program and participants list](http://tug.org/tug2015/program.html)
is posted on the TUG 2015 web site. | 2015/02/26 | [
"https://tex.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/5985",
"https://tex.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://tex.meta.stackexchange.com/users/11002/"
] | Me too planning to come for TUG-15. :)
There is a mailing list for TUG-15 possible attendees.
[TUG-15 mailing list](http://tug.org/mailman/listinfo/tug2015-attendees)
It will be great to discuss travels plans on mailing list. So that one can refer back to the information specially about travel plans etc. of others to join for travel. | I plan to arrive Sunday and to stay for the whole conference. Luckily my job projects will allow it, even better, I can do it as a business travel. At work people saw my TikZ generated network architecture drawings. |
5,985 | [TUG 2015](http://tug.org/tug2015/), this years meeting of the [TeX Users Group](http://tug.org/) will be in Darmstadt, Germany, from July 20 to 22.
Who would like to go there? Does anybody plan to make a presentation?
>
> * April 10 - bursary application deadline.
> * May 1 - deadline for abstracts for presentation proposals.
> * May 15 - deadline for early bird registration discount.
> * June 1 - deadline for preprints to be in the printed program.
>
>
>
*(Thread plagiarized from the [last one by Stefan](https://tex.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/3336/who-plans-to-go-to-the-tug-2013-conference-in-japan).)*
**late edit:**
The [program and participants list](http://tug.org/tug2015/program.html)
is posted on the TUG 2015 web site. | 2015/02/26 | [
"https://tex.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/5985",
"https://tex.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://tex.meta.stackexchange.com/users/11002/"
] | I'm planning to go. And I'll probably submit a paper.
Not traveling by train, like Joseph, but by motorbike, of course. `;-)` | I plan to be there and I plan to submit an abstract, too, with the preliminary title:
>
> Creating university journal and theses LaTeX classes/templates.
>
>
>
(As a note, it seems that I have currently one empty seat for anybody on the axis Prague--Nuremberg--Darmstadt, probably Sunday overnight in and Thursday morning out.) |
5,985 | [TUG 2015](http://tug.org/tug2015/), this years meeting of the [TeX Users Group](http://tug.org/) will be in Darmstadt, Germany, from July 20 to 22.
Who would like to go there? Does anybody plan to make a presentation?
>
> * April 10 - bursary application deadline.
> * May 1 - deadline for abstracts for presentation proposals.
> * May 15 - deadline for early bird registration discount.
> * June 1 - deadline for preprints to be in the printed program.
>
>
>
*(Thread plagiarized from the [last one by Stefan](https://tex.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/3336/who-plans-to-go-to-the-tug-2013-conference-in-japan).)*
**late edit:**
The [program and participants list](http://tug.org/tug2015/program.html)
is posted on the TUG 2015 web site. | 2015/02/26 | [
"https://tex.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/5985",
"https://tex.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://tex.meta.stackexchange.com/users/11002/"
] | I will try to attend just for the lolz and of course a little bit of autobahn naughtiness...
I don't have any idea for an abstract yet and probably I won't anyways. So it depends on how much I can spare. | me ................................................................ |
5,985 | [TUG 2015](http://tug.org/tug2015/), this years meeting of the [TeX Users Group](http://tug.org/) will be in Darmstadt, Germany, from July 20 to 22.
Who would like to go there? Does anybody plan to make a presentation?
>
> * April 10 - bursary application deadline.
> * May 1 - deadline for abstracts for presentation proposals.
> * May 15 - deadline for early bird registration discount.
> * June 1 - deadline for preprints to be in the printed program.
>
>
>
*(Thread plagiarized from the [last one by Stefan](https://tex.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/3336/who-plans-to-go-to-the-tug-2013-conference-in-japan).)*
**late edit:**
The [program and participants list](http://tug.org/tug2015/program.html)
is posted on the TUG 2015 web site. | 2015/02/26 | [
"https://tex.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/5985",
"https://tex.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://tex.meta.stackexchange.com/users/11002/"
] | I plan to attend, to put faces to names of many of the wonderful people here on this site (and elsewhere too), and also to learn about new, exciting developments in the world of TeX and Friends!
I submitted an abstract with the title:
>
> Pretty-printing Git commit history graphs with PGF/Ti*k*Z
>
>
>
**Update:** [My abstract](https://www.tug.org/tug2015/abstracts/gessler.txt) was accepted by the conference committee and is now listed on the [program page](https://www.tug.org/tug2015/program.html). | Me too planning to come for TUG-15. :)
There is a mailing list for TUG-15 possible attendees.
[TUG-15 mailing list](http://tug.org/mailman/listinfo/tug2015-attendees)
It will be great to discuss travels plans on mailing list. So that one can refer back to the information specially about travel plans etc. of others to join for travel. |
5,985 | [TUG 2015](http://tug.org/tug2015/), this years meeting of the [TeX Users Group](http://tug.org/) will be in Darmstadt, Germany, from July 20 to 22.
Who would like to go there? Does anybody plan to make a presentation?
>
> * April 10 - bursary application deadline.
> * May 1 - deadline for abstracts for presentation proposals.
> * May 15 - deadline for early bird registration discount.
> * June 1 - deadline for preprints to be in the printed program.
>
>
>
*(Thread plagiarized from the [last one by Stefan](https://tex.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/3336/who-plans-to-go-to-the-tug-2013-conference-in-japan).)*
**late edit:**
The [program and participants list](http://tug.org/tug2015/program.html)
is posted on the TUG 2015 web site. | 2015/02/26 | [
"https://tex.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/5985",
"https://tex.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://tex.meta.stackexchange.com/users/11002/"
] | I plan to be there and I plan to submit an abstract, too, with the preliminary title:
>
> Creating university journal and theses LaTeX classes/templates.
>
>
>
(As a note, it seems that I have currently one empty seat for anybody on the axis Prague--Nuremberg--Darmstadt, probably Sunday overnight in and Thursday morning out.) | I'll be there; arriving on Sunday and departing on Thursday. We should organize a TeX.SE [BoF](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birds_of_a_feather_%28computing%29) session. |
5,985 | [TUG 2015](http://tug.org/tug2015/), this years meeting of the [TeX Users Group](http://tug.org/) will be in Darmstadt, Germany, from July 20 to 22.
Who would like to go there? Does anybody plan to make a presentation?
>
> * April 10 - bursary application deadline.
> * May 1 - deadline for abstracts for presentation proposals.
> * May 15 - deadline for early bird registration discount.
> * June 1 - deadline for preprints to be in the printed program.
>
>
>
*(Thread plagiarized from the [last one by Stefan](https://tex.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/3336/who-plans-to-go-to-the-tug-2013-conference-in-japan).)*
**late edit:**
The [program and participants list](http://tug.org/tug2015/program.html)
is posted on the TUG 2015 web site. | 2015/02/26 | [
"https://tex.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/5985",
"https://tex.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://tex.meta.stackexchange.com/users/11002/"
] | I'd like to go as well but am not sure if it fits my schedule. | I'll be there; arriving on Sunday and departing on Thursday. We should organize a TeX.SE [BoF](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birds_of_a_feather_%28computing%29) session. |
18,994,049 | I have SQL Server 2012 developer edition installed. I'm looking for an equivalent to MySql's Workbench where I can view databases, configurations, test sql queries, etc. I dont see anything in the Configuration Tools folder in the Start Menu that falls into this category though. | 2013/09/24 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/18994049",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/697004/"
] | It's called Sql Server Management Studio: Install the 'Management Tools - Complete'
Installation -> Add New Features to Existing installation
 | Here is a step-by-step guide to install SQL Server Management Studio.
<http://blogs.msdn.com/b/bethmassi/archive/2011/02/18/step-by-step-installing-sql-server-management-studio-2008-express-after-visual-studio-2010.aspx> |
54,166 | I understand that dissociation is when something dissolve. I heard this mostly only happen in liquids. But now I heard it can also happen in gases. Is this true? If so, when and why does this happen, and does it only happen to certain gases? I tried to do research but didn't find too much information. The only real information I found was on Wikipedia and it was confusing. | 2016/06/24 | [
"https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/54166",
"https://chemistry.stackexchange.com",
"https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/users/29988/"
] | There are stronger oxidization agents than fluorine gas. I can name two in particular. But I don't think either would actually oxidize fluorine gas in it's pure state, for obvious reasons that you'll see shortly.
Dioxygen Difluoride. Affectionately named 'FOOF'. This is an extremely, extremely potent oxidizer. It also lights ice on fire. In fact, it lights essentially everything on fire or blows up on contact with said things.
Chlorine Trifluoride. Arguably, worse. This gas burns through practically everything, except for a few specific structural metals, but only because these form a very thin passivization layer. If this scratches, the tank burns. A notable incident with this gas, a 900kg spill of it burnt through 30cm of concrete, then 90cm of gravel underneath that concrete. It burnt over a meter into the ground.
As a foreword: I have no idea why you'd want to get within three miles of these things. Please don't light yourself on fire. It's not fun. (Trust me). | I'm not sure, but I think krypton difluoride is the strongest oxidizing agent I know of that's fairly stable at normal temperatures and pressures. (It decomposes at ~10% per hour at ~25°C, but is stable at dry ice temperature or below. Wikipedia claims it is "the most powerful known oxidizing agent known" and "more powerful even than elemental fluorine due to the even lower bond energy of Kr–F compared to F–F, with a redox potential of +3.5 V for the KrF2/Kr couple".) It is a colorless crystalline solid at room temperature that reacts with xenon to directly form XeF6 without any extra input of energy, and reacts with gold to form the hexafluoroaurate salt KrFAuF6, with gold in the +5 oxidation state (both releasing krypton gas). It can also be used to oxidize ClF5 to the ClF6+ cation. I don't know how it reacts with N2, Cl2, O2, or O3, but I feel like it must oxidize them, since things that oxidize xenon at all (such as platinum hexafluoride) can generally oxidize O2 to O2+ (dioxygenium). (I don't think O3+ is stable, but I imagine ozone could just be broken down into O2+ ions. In any case, it's probably easier to oxidize than XeF4, in which case KrF2 should be able to oxidize it.) Obviously, atomic fluorine would probably be stronger, but at normal pressures and temperatures it would spontaneously react with itself to form F2. (Atomic F and O can exist in the interstellar medium, though, with O being common even in the Earth's thermosphere.) I think that putting such an inert gas between the two fluorine atoms acts as kind of an approximation of atomic fluorine.
On the subject of ridiculously unstable things, positively charged things naturally attract electrons, so perhaps they are the real strongest oxidizing agents. (The only problem is that the compounds they form might break down as soon as the charge is balanced.) One might suppose that the F9+ ion (a bare fluorine nucleus) would be the best oxidizer, and I imagine it would be much better than F2, but if you're just interested in how good it is at stealing electrons from things in the short term, then charge matters much more than the electronegativity of the neutral atom, so a bigger nucleus would probably be a better "oxidizing agent". Thus, I might propose bare califonium or mendelevium nuclei as the best fairly stable particles for stealing electrons. However, these elements are, in fact, metals, so a lot of this work would be undone chemically whenever the charge went back to normal, which would happen quickly as it would basically just steal electrons from a as large an area as possible, so that positive charge would be spread out over a lot of only slightly positive, not-very electronegative, things, even if the electrons taken away to charge the ions were shot into deep space or something.
That being said, these considerations do shed some light on why electricity is often used in making strong oxidizing agents like krypton difluoride, as well as ozone, perchlorates, xenon fluorides, and even O2 by electrolysis of water. (It also makes strong reducing agents like alkali metals.) An F2+ ion is a much better oxidizing agent than neutral F2, and a Kr- ion is probably a much better reducing agent than caesium (it's certainly better than neutral rubidium, which has the same electron configuration). When you use electricity or UV light or extreme heat on a mixture of F2 and Kr you can get these ions and even more extreme ones, and that is how you can make KrF2. (Actually, the hot-wire synthesis method produces short-lived atomic F, which is also a better oxidizing agent than F2, as I mentioned.) The F2 doesn't have to oxidize the krypton: The F2+ or atomic F (or F+ or F3+ or F4+ or whatever\*) does, and the Kr-F bonds just have to not immediately fall apart once the charge rebalances to make neutral molecules.
\*My guess is that F2+ ions would sometimes bond to neutral F2 molecules to form ions like F3+ or F4+ (F3+ being isoelctronic with OF2), which is why I included them. So that might be an answer for what can oxidize fluorine. |
86,552 | This is my first time playing Pathfinder (or any D&D-related for that matter) so I'm still learning (we'll start next week). I already asked a ton of things to the GM and this one was a 'first' so he didn't know how to reply. He said he'll look into it but before that (and to help him) I decided to ask here. Sorry for the wall of text!
We will play 'Rise of the Runelords' and I'm creating an Shaonti bloodrager. Based on the lore of the race and my idea of the char, I decided to went with the 'Thunder and Fang' style of fighting, which basically means using an [earth breaker](http://www.d20pfsrd.com/equipment---final/weapons/weapon-descriptions/earth-breaker) plus a [klar](http://www.d20pfsrd.com/equipment---final/weapons/weapon-descriptions/klar). Mind you the earth breaker is a two-handed weapon, and the klar is something like an Asssassin's Creed hidden-blade (so it's attached to your hand), but it's not hidden lol.
The background story of my char (that was wrote before knowing about feats and stats and stuff) have the char throw that earth breaker at an enemy, misses it, and having to use the klar to finish it off. Pretty cool (6 pages long, love wall of texts lol).
So, after that I went to the char sheet and trying my best to see if I could make that kind of fighting style works. As you guys would say, I'm asking for anwsers RAW, if that's possible (but RAI would be nice too).
I know this table already about wielding 2 weapons:
* Normal penalties: –6/–10
* Off-hand weapon is light: –4/–8
* Two-Weapon Fighting feat: –4/–4
* Off-hand weapon is light and Two-Weapon Fighting feat: –2/–2
I'm planning on getting the [Thunder and Fang](http://www.d20pfsrd.com/feats/combat-feats/thunder-and-fang-combat) feat too.
It would make the earth breaker be treated as one-handed, and the klar as a light weapon. Since the prerequisites for this feat involves Weapon Focus on both weapons, that would reduce the penalties to a pretty inoffensive -1/-1.
Nice! Here are the questions:
1. BEFORE getting the Thunder and Fang feat, the earth breaker is still a two-handed weapon for me. Does that means I won't be able to actually dual wield? The klar would be attached to my hand but would be completely useless, unless I decided to drop (or throw) the earth breaker?
2. Based on [this question](https://rpg.stackexchange.com/questions/62915/throwing-a-weapon-as-an-improvised-weapon), throwing a weapon not designed for that implies an -4 penalty. It's a full round-action for two-handed, and a standard-action for one-handed. When I get the Thunder and Fang feat, I 'can use an earth breaker as though it were a one-handed weapon'. Does that apply for throwing rules? (like, will it become a standard-action?)
I already read a ton of posts here about throwing non-usually-throwable weapons, but this one seems different too.
My bloodrager will probably learn the spell ['Returning Weapon'](http://www.d20pfsrd.com/magic/all-spells/r/returning-weapon) as soon as he can, so think of this like a king of the mountain hammer-throw (wc3 lol).
Thanks! | 2016/08/12 | [
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/questions/86552",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/users/30732/"
] | A typical creature that lacks the feat [Thunder and Fang](http://www.d20pfsrd.com/feats/combat-feats/thunder-and-fang-combat) or similar *can't* employ simultaneously a typical [earth breaker](http://www.d20pfsrd.com/equipment---final/weapons/weapon-descriptions/earth-breaker) and [klar](http://www.d20pfsrd.com/equipment---final/weapons/weapon-descriptions/klar)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The earth breaker is a two-handed weapon, but the "traditional klar counts as a light wooden shield with armor spikes[, and the] metal klar counts as a light steel shield with armor spikes." The description of the [light shield](http://www.d20pfsrd.com/equipment---final/armor/shield-light-wooden-or-steel) includes this: "You strap a shield to your forearm and grip it with your hand. A light shield's weight lets you carry other items in that hand, although you cannot use weapons with it." Thus the typical *you*—for example, *you* with only two hands and no Thunder and Fang feat—just *cannot* use *any* two-handed weapon (like an earth breaker) while, at the same time, employing a light shield (like a klar).
However, a creature *can* wield an earth breaker designed for a creature one size category littler than the wielder as a one-handed weapon (e.g. a Medium creature wielding a Small earth breaker) or even *two* size categories littler than the wielder as a light weapon (e.g. a Medium creature wielding a Tiny earth breaker), but when wielding such an inappropriately sized weapon the creature suffers a −2 penalty or a −4 penalty on attack rolls with it, respectively, and, of course, the weapon's damage is reduced substantially.
(Note that I don't know what the training montage looks like for the feat Thunder and Fang, but I suspect it involves a lot of standing around and looking confused. That is, the instructor says, "Okay, take this klar and wield this earth breaker," sending a murmur through the assembled barbarians. One barbarian trainee says, "Um. Can't, dude. It doesn't work that way." The instructor hits the trainee with an earth breaker wielded one-handed, follows up with smack from the klar, and says, "Now. It. *Does.*" Or maybe Medium warriors just train with Small earth breakers to start? No matter: such training is outside *Pathfinder*'s traditional scope anyway.)
A creature that can employ an earth breaker as a one-handed weapon can throw the earth breaker as a one-handed weapon
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Unless there's a special restriction on the ability that grants the capacity to use the earth breaker one-handed—and there's *no* such restriction listed for the feat [Thunder and Fang](http://www.d20pfsrd.com/feats/combat-feats/thunder-and-fang-combat)—a thrown [weapon](http://www.d20pfsrd.com/equipment---final/weapons) is thrown with the same effort as it's wielded. But a thrown weapon not *intended* to be thrown (that is, a weapon with a range increment entry of `—`) suffers from additional limitations, the most significant being the inability of the typical creature to throw more than one per round even if it can draw a new one after the hurling the first, although the −4 penalty on attack rolls with it can be a drag, too.
Thus a wielder that's using an earth breaker one-handed can throw that earth breaker as if it were a one-handed weapon yet lacking a range increment: the wielder takes a standard action to hurl it, the wielder suffers a −4 penalty on the attack roll, and the weapon possesses a 10 ft. range increment.
If a creature wants to hurl *multiple* earth breakers in a round, one way is a combination of the feat [Quick Draw](http://www.d20pfsrd.com/feats/combat-feats/quick-draw-combat---final) and the several *+1 [throwing](http://www.d20pfsrd.com/magic-items/magic-weapons/magic-weapon-special-abilities/throwing) earth breakers*. Visually that *is* pretty cool, but the feat commitment to do so *well* and the unreasonably high expense will put this particular tactic out of the reach of most creatures. | Being a two-handed weapon means that you will not be able to dual wield an earth breaker without the Thunder and Fang feat.
The feat is *mostly* about using the two weapons together (earth breaker and klar) *but* the first sentence of the Benefit section...
>
> You can use an earth breaker as though it were a one-handed weapon.
>
>
>
... doesn't put any limitations on it. So, it's not "use it as one-handed *only when you are dual wielding*", it's "use it as one handed *in all conditions*".
This would include when throwing it.
*(In fact, it would also include dual wielding a pair of earth breakers... but at the higher, non-light penalty)* |
10,069 | My company uses Websense, when someone goes to youtube by directly hitting url from browser
it says it's blocked due to category :Entertainment.
When someone searches for a video in google and clicks it , they can see the video , how is this possible?
If someone could say how its possible, i could make a work-around application if possible | 2011/12/25 | [
"https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/10069",
"https://security.stackexchange.com",
"https://security.stackexchange.com/users/6583/"
] | If it is open source than it is probably free (as in "free beer"). If it is free, you are much more likely to get your money worth out of it.
A piece of software, especially one as complex and network-oriented as a Web browser, will be secure only insofar as it is *maintained*: there must be people somewhere, patiently looking for bugs and correcting them and promptly publishing patches and establishing and enforcing development policies which discriminate against the appearance of new bugs or at least make tracking bugs easier. For that matter, the track record of Chrome/Google appears to be slightly better than that of IE/Microsoft (especially on the "prompt publishing" part). I would personally favour Chrome over IE for *that* reason, not because of the source openness.
When the software is open source, you can potentially take part in the bug tracking effort yourself. But unless you actually do it, openness of the source makes little difference to security. The open/closed dichotomy is quite orthogonal to actual security. This is not as obvious as it seems: there is (was) a widespread school of thought which asserts that being open source *reduces* security, on the basis that showing the source code makes it easier for potential attackers to find exploitable holes. The current state of software products, especially Web browsers and operating systems, has shown this idea to be false. | For closed source:
Q: is this safe?
A: I don't know
Q: how can I find out?
A: You can't. You have to trust Microsoft (or whomever).
For open source:
Q: is this safe?
A: I don't know
Q: how can I find out
A: ask an expert's opinion, Google for a list, ... |
10,069 | My company uses Websense, when someone goes to youtube by directly hitting url from browser
it says it's blocked due to category :Entertainment.
When someone searches for a video in google and clicks it , they can see the video , how is this possible?
If someone could say how its possible, i could make a work-around application if possible | 2011/12/25 | [
"https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/10069",
"https://security.stackexchange.com",
"https://security.stackexchange.com/users/6583/"
] | Open source software is not necessarily better or more secure.
Where open source has an advantage is the potential for independant security minded individuals to examine the source code and hopefully the conceptual model for a given software project. This advantage is contingent on:
* review by qualified individuals
* feedback from the reviewer to the project about potential weaknesses or vulnerabilities in the source code, algorithms, and procedures
* the project fixing the reported weaknesses and vulnerabilities
* the project becoming better educated as to what makes software more secure
Given enough itterations of the above, any software, not just open source becomes more secure than the average. Many closed source companies perform software security reviews. Some even bring in third parties to ensure indepent and objective reports. A project providing open source allows a wide audience to review any part of the software bringing transparancy to the review process and the software implementation. The difference with most closed source programs is that the process and implementation is inaccessible to the users. A user can not determine whether a piece of closed source software has been security reviewed. And in most cases a user can not determine whether a piece of open source software has been security reviewed. The only difference is that, given a capable enough user, that user can check on the status of the open source process, but they can not check on the status of the closed source process. | If it is open source than it is probably free (as in "free beer"). If it is free, you are much more likely to get your money worth out of it.
A piece of software, especially one as complex and network-oriented as a Web browser, will be secure only insofar as it is *maintained*: there must be people somewhere, patiently looking for bugs and correcting them and promptly publishing patches and establishing and enforcing development policies which discriminate against the appearance of new bugs or at least make tracking bugs easier. For that matter, the track record of Chrome/Google appears to be slightly better than that of IE/Microsoft (especially on the "prompt publishing" part). I would personally favour Chrome over IE for *that* reason, not because of the source openness.
When the software is open source, you can potentially take part in the bug tracking effort yourself. But unless you actually do it, openness of the source makes little difference to security. The open/closed dichotomy is quite orthogonal to actual security. This is not as obvious as it seems: there is (was) a widespread school of thought which asserts that being open source *reduces* security, on the basis that showing the source code makes it easier for potential attackers to find exploitable holes. The current state of software products, especially Web browsers and operating systems, has shown this idea to be false. |
10,069 | My company uses Websense, when someone goes to youtube by directly hitting url from browser
it says it's blocked due to category :Entertainment.
When someone searches for a video in google and clicks it , they can see the video , how is this possible?
If someone could say how its possible, i could make a work-around application if possible | 2011/12/25 | [
"https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/10069",
"https://security.stackexchange.com",
"https://security.stackexchange.com/users/6583/"
] | The reason they should use chrome vs IE does not boil down to open source vs proprietary. Chrome is a modern browser. IE6&7 aren't, IE8 is *almost* a modern browser, and IE9 is not going to be released on Win XP, but Chrome will periodically update itself to the latest stable version. By not using a modern browser that's kept up to date, your browsing experience will be slower, you will have more security vulnerabilities and more browsing issues. IE 8 is the first IE browser to pass ACID2 (compliance with web standards), but still fails miserably on ACID3 tests (20/100) while Chrome/Safari/Firefox/Opera/etc all pass.
Furthermore, Chrome has a lot of security features that weren't present in older version of IE.
The question of "is open source more or less secure than proprietary" is not going to be answered by argument. There are good arguments both ways -- having full access to source code allows both white and black hats to probe for vulnerabilities more easily, so vulnerabilities will be found more easily -- good when its the white hats and bad when its the black hats. People are still pretty good at reverse engineering/finding holes in closed source apps; but its much easier when the source is available. | If it is open source than it is probably free (as in "free beer"). If it is free, you are much more likely to get your money worth out of it.
A piece of software, especially one as complex and network-oriented as a Web browser, will be secure only insofar as it is *maintained*: there must be people somewhere, patiently looking for bugs and correcting them and promptly publishing patches and establishing and enforcing development policies which discriminate against the appearance of new bugs or at least make tracking bugs easier. For that matter, the track record of Chrome/Google appears to be slightly better than that of IE/Microsoft (especially on the "prompt publishing" part). I would personally favour Chrome over IE for *that* reason, not because of the source openness.
When the software is open source, you can potentially take part in the bug tracking effort yourself. But unless you actually do it, openness of the source makes little difference to security. The open/closed dichotomy is quite orthogonal to actual security. This is not as obvious as it seems: there is (was) a widespread school of thought which asserts that being open source *reduces* security, on the basis that showing the source code makes it easier for potential attackers to find exploitable holes. The current state of software products, especially Web browsers and operating systems, has shown this idea to be false. |
10,069 | My company uses Websense, when someone goes to youtube by directly hitting url from browser
it says it's blocked due to category :Entertainment.
When someone searches for a video in google and clicks it , they can see the video , how is this possible?
If someone could say how its possible, i could make a work-around application if possible | 2011/12/25 | [
"https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/10069",
"https://security.stackexchange.com",
"https://security.stackexchange.com/users/6583/"
] | Open source software is not necessarily better or more secure.
Where open source has an advantage is the potential for independant security minded individuals to examine the source code and hopefully the conceptual model for a given software project. This advantage is contingent on:
* review by qualified individuals
* feedback from the reviewer to the project about potential weaknesses or vulnerabilities in the source code, algorithms, and procedures
* the project fixing the reported weaknesses and vulnerabilities
* the project becoming better educated as to what makes software more secure
Given enough itterations of the above, any software, not just open source becomes more secure than the average. Many closed source companies perform software security reviews. Some even bring in third parties to ensure indepent and objective reports. A project providing open source allows a wide audience to review any part of the software bringing transparancy to the review process and the software implementation. The difference with most closed source programs is that the process and implementation is inaccessible to the users. A user can not determine whether a piece of closed source software has been security reviewed. And in most cases a user can not determine whether a piece of open source software has been security reviewed. The only difference is that, given a capable enough user, that user can check on the status of the open source process, but they can not check on the status of the closed source process. | I like @this.josh's answer where he says Open Source is not automatically better or more secure. It's the development process and the QA that matters most, the rest is a matter of personal preference.
Here are a few thoughts that come to mind when I consider using IE that was created with a proprietary development process
* One year after IE6 browser was released in 2001 Bill Gates [insisted that security become the company's #1 priority](http://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2002/01/49826)
* MSFT later published [its own secure development guidance called the SDLC](http://www.microsoft.com/security/sdl/default.aspx)
* The IE team released [this whitepaper regarding IE8 the SDLC process](http://www.microsoft.com/download/en/details.aspx?id=14891)
Considering the amount of transparency that MSFT has put forth, I would consider Microsoft to be a modern role model in how secure software is developed (not to exclude other reputable vendors).
Sure individuals may dispute the risk/threat of a particular vulnerability (as @Rook does in the comments above). When such a security issue is found in the FOSS world is that a "fork" (or patch) is created by a contributor. This individual may be a skilled developer or a novice. The problem is that these one-off patches are often created outside of a SDLC process and therefore increase risk from a [process/compliance](https://security.stackexchange.com/q/9930/396) perspective. Is this a risk worth taking? That's often a business/personal decision depending on who owns and manages the computer.
Since you mentioned they are using XP (an OS that is 10+ years old) it's likely that they haven't maintained the PC. Regardless of the OS, patches and updates are needed to maintain a secure system. This applies to open source and closed source software and [both IE](http://www.geek.com/articles/geek-pick/microsoft-decides-to-automatically-update-internet-explorer-for-everyone-20111215/), and [Chrome](http://blog.gesteves.com/2011/09/25/i-love-chromes-automatic-updates/) have addressed this particular issue.
**Bottom line / TL;DR**
Open Source or closed source development doesn't change much about the security of a piece of software. Each approach has positive and negative aspects, and in most cases personal bias on which approach is "correct".
As long as computer software is written by humans, there will be security flaws. |
10,069 | My company uses Websense, when someone goes to youtube by directly hitting url from browser
it says it's blocked due to category :Entertainment.
When someone searches for a video in google and clicks it , they can see the video , how is this possible?
If someone could say how its possible, i could make a work-around application if possible | 2011/12/25 | [
"https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/10069",
"https://security.stackexchange.com",
"https://security.stackexchange.com/users/6583/"
] | If it is open source than it is probably free (as in "free beer"). If it is free, you are much more likely to get your money worth out of it.
A piece of software, especially one as complex and network-oriented as a Web browser, will be secure only insofar as it is *maintained*: there must be people somewhere, patiently looking for bugs and correcting them and promptly publishing patches and establishing and enforcing development policies which discriminate against the appearance of new bugs or at least make tracking bugs easier. For that matter, the track record of Chrome/Google appears to be slightly better than that of IE/Microsoft (especially on the "prompt publishing" part). I would personally favour Chrome over IE for *that* reason, not because of the source openness.
When the software is open source, you can potentially take part in the bug tracking effort yourself. But unless you actually do it, openness of the source makes little difference to security. The open/closed dichotomy is quite orthogonal to actual security. This is not as obvious as it seems: there is (was) a widespread school of thought which asserts that being open source *reduces* security, on the basis that showing the source code makes it easier for potential attackers to find exploitable holes. The current state of software products, especially Web browsers and operating systems, has shown this idea to be false. | I've never framed it as an open-source is better than proprietary question.
Internet Explorer hooks into the operating system and therefore increases the surface area that can be attacked when exploitable vulnerabilities are found. Some of these can be lower level hooks into the operating system allowing compromise at a base level that will affect all user accounts.
That being said, Microsoft has done a lot of work since Version 6 (Exploit Master?) that has paid off mightily towards bringing it to parity with the security offered by the alternates.
Firefox and Chrome operate in user space and therefore their exploit vulnerabilities should only affect the user account. Though that in recent years has proved to be sufficient to do exactly what the malware writer intends to do. Lots of desirable goodies exist in user space so it's not as necessary to take over the OS.
**So the supposed payoff is which do you wish to disinfect?** The whole OS which is usually a "nuke from orbit" proposition, or the contaminated user profile/account which can after backup of data be deleted in the worst case scenario, leaving the OS intact.
IRL under corporate operations, you truly trust neither IE or the alternates, backup user data and reimage the compromised machine as you can never be certain that the disinfection worked or that there wasn't a multilevel compromise possible where userspace got compromised allowing for a local exploit that allowed compromising the OS. This is how most malware works now. It comes loaded for bear, cracks the outside hull and then looks for broken welds in the inner hull to get to the soft, juicy center.
We started using Firefox because we were locked into Windows 95 by our ERP software and the biweekly exploits in IE6 were too much to keep up with. Firefox requires an administrative login for upgrade, so now, it's a tossup between Internet Explorer which will be patched once a month by MS or Chrome which just updates itself in the background as problems are found and fixed. Security updates, their timely release (software maker's responsibility) and their timely installation (your responsiblity) are what's important at being secure. While it can be said that Microsoft lags, Firefox and Chrome have dropped the ball multiple times as well. They're all run by humans that underestimate vulnerabilities. Open Source can be quicker to patch if they put their mind to it. I've used lesser known packages that make Microsoft seem really fast at doing this.
As a real need for focus if you're interested in raising security consciousness it's more important to educate people that most of the malware has shifted to Adobe products, Java and other third party plugins. |
10,069 | My company uses Websense, when someone goes to youtube by directly hitting url from browser
it says it's blocked due to category :Entertainment.
When someone searches for a video in google and clicks it , they can see the video , how is this possible?
If someone could say how its possible, i could make a work-around application if possible | 2011/12/25 | [
"https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/10069",
"https://security.stackexchange.com",
"https://security.stackexchange.com/users/6583/"
] | Measuring the security of a specific piece of software is not an easy task. There are tools which do this, however mostly depend on access to the source code. In the case of a browser the situation is a bit simpler since it is easier to test against fuzzing tools - however this will be part of standard testing for mainstream software so the results may be inconclusive.
The arguments regarding open versus closed source have raged for years - and a strong argument put forward by the closed source incumbents is that since their products are much more widely used, then they will therefore attract much more attention from people trying to compromise the product. However this is an argument which no longer applies to MSIE vs Chrome vs Firefox. And MSIE's historical record on security shows it have had many more reported and serious vulnerabilities than Chrome and Firefox.
But while it's difficult to measure the security of a piece of software, it's simpler to measure many other aspects of the *quality* of a piece of software - especially where it has been written to a well defined standard. Again MSIE (historically) compares poorly on both performance and standard conformance when compared with Chrome and Firefox.
A further consideration is the effort required to ensure that vulnerabilities in the software are fixed. That doesn't just mean the vendor providing a fix, that means getting it installed across the user base. Chrome is particularly good at upgrading itself transparently.
As others have mentioned, MSIE is deeply tied into the underlying operating system. Which makes patching a complex process.
And of course there is the underlying economic model. While MSIE, Firefox and Chrome are all free (as in free beer) the underlying financial models are very different. It just does not make sense for Microsoft to maintain products for a long term - especially so when it's as tightly integrated with a whole operating system. And Windows XP is getting to the end of its support lifecycle. Upgrading an operating system is a lot more painful than upgrading a browser - and the software architecture of Chrome and Firefox make it much easier to have the most recent (and therefore the most secure) product available for use.
[Dr. E. D. V. Nunez' letter](http://www.opensource.org/docs/peru_and_ms.php) discusses the wider economic and social importance of free, open-source software far more eloquently than I can.
Then there's the question of all the other components which go into making a browser. One which has been discussed quite a lot recently is root CA's bundled with a browser. IMHO, all the major vendors serve their customers poorly in this area. However in Microsoft's case there is far greater likelihood of a conflict between it's interests and those of the user than for Chrome and Firefox.
A further consideration is the bundling of services with the product. In the case of a browser, particularly one used for webmail, good phishing detection should be a prime concern. IME, Google's service (implemented in both Firefox and Chrome) is much more comprehensive and more quickly updated than that of MSIE.
At the end of the day, while experience has taught me to be very careful about ipse dixit, if your opinion is being sought, then there are limits to which you should go in justifying that. Just as conversely, I wouldn't tell a heart surgeon what the best kind of stent is, I assume that she has some knowledge of the subject which is part of her value to society and would be difficult for her to impart to me without a great deal of time spent on this by both of us.
Where we don't have enough information to fully evaluate opposing arguments, then a reasonable solution is to look at the people arguing the cases and consider how they would benefit or lose out by presenting a misleading case. We're back at economics again: it costs a lot of money to write a browser, Google and Mozilla get no direct benefit from doing so. Microsoft does. | For closed source:
Q: is this safe?
A: I don't know
Q: how can I find out?
A: You can't. You have to trust Microsoft (or whomever).
For open source:
Q: is this safe?
A: I don't know
Q: how can I find out
A: ask an expert's opinion, Google for a list, ... |
10,069 | My company uses Websense, when someone goes to youtube by directly hitting url from browser
it says it's blocked due to category :Entertainment.
When someone searches for a video in google and clicks it , they can see the video , how is this possible?
If someone could say how its possible, i could make a work-around application if possible | 2011/12/25 | [
"https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/10069",
"https://security.stackexchange.com",
"https://security.stackexchange.com/users/6583/"
] | Measuring the security of a specific piece of software is not an easy task. There are tools which do this, however mostly depend on access to the source code. In the case of a browser the situation is a bit simpler since it is easier to test against fuzzing tools - however this will be part of standard testing for mainstream software so the results may be inconclusive.
The arguments regarding open versus closed source have raged for years - and a strong argument put forward by the closed source incumbents is that since their products are much more widely used, then they will therefore attract much more attention from people trying to compromise the product. However this is an argument which no longer applies to MSIE vs Chrome vs Firefox. And MSIE's historical record on security shows it have had many more reported and serious vulnerabilities than Chrome and Firefox.
But while it's difficult to measure the security of a piece of software, it's simpler to measure many other aspects of the *quality* of a piece of software - especially where it has been written to a well defined standard. Again MSIE (historically) compares poorly on both performance and standard conformance when compared with Chrome and Firefox.
A further consideration is the effort required to ensure that vulnerabilities in the software are fixed. That doesn't just mean the vendor providing a fix, that means getting it installed across the user base. Chrome is particularly good at upgrading itself transparently.
As others have mentioned, MSIE is deeply tied into the underlying operating system. Which makes patching a complex process.
And of course there is the underlying economic model. While MSIE, Firefox and Chrome are all free (as in free beer) the underlying financial models are very different. It just does not make sense for Microsoft to maintain products for a long term - especially so when it's as tightly integrated with a whole operating system. And Windows XP is getting to the end of its support lifecycle. Upgrading an operating system is a lot more painful than upgrading a browser - and the software architecture of Chrome and Firefox make it much easier to have the most recent (and therefore the most secure) product available for use.
[Dr. E. D. V. Nunez' letter](http://www.opensource.org/docs/peru_and_ms.php) discusses the wider economic and social importance of free, open-source software far more eloquently than I can.
Then there's the question of all the other components which go into making a browser. One which has been discussed quite a lot recently is root CA's bundled with a browser. IMHO, all the major vendors serve their customers poorly in this area. However in Microsoft's case there is far greater likelihood of a conflict between it's interests and those of the user than for Chrome and Firefox.
A further consideration is the bundling of services with the product. In the case of a browser, particularly one used for webmail, good phishing detection should be a prime concern. IME, Google's service (implemented in both Firefox and Chrome) is much more comprehensive and more quickly updated than that of MSIE.
At the end of the day, while experience has taught me to be very careful about ipse dixit, if your opinion is being sought, then there are limits to which you should go in justifying that. Just as conversely, I wouldn't tell a heart surgeon what the best kind of stent is, I assume that she has some knowledge of the subject which is part of her value to society and would be difficult for her to impart to me without a great deal of time spent on this by both of us.
Where we don't have enough information to fully evaluate opposing arguments, then a reasonable solution is to look at the people arguing the cases and consider how they would benefit or lose out by presenting a misleading case. We're back at economics again: it costs a lot of money to write a browser, Google and Mozilla get no direct benefit from doing so. Microsoft does. | I've never framed it as an open-source is better than proprietary question.
Internet Explorer hooks into the operating system and therefore increases the surface area that can be attacked when exploitable vulnerabilities are found. Some of these can be lower level hooks into the operating system allowing compromise at a base level that will affect all user accounts.
That being said, Microsoft has done a lot of work since Version 6 (Exploit Master?) that has paid off mightily towards bringing it to parity with the security offered by the alternates.
Firefox and Chrome operate in user space and therefore their exploit vulnerabilities should only affect the user account. Though that in recent years has proved to be sufficient to do exactly what the malware writer intends to do. Lots of desirable goodies exist in user space so it's not as necessary to take over the OS.
**So the supposed payoff is which do you wish to disinfect?** The whole OS which is usually a "nuke from orbit" proposition, or the contaminated user profile/account which can after backup of data be deleted in the worst case scenario, leaving the OS intact.
IRL under corporate operations, you truly trust neither IE or the alternates, backup user data and reimage the compromised machine as you can never be certain that the disinfection worked or that there wasn't a multilevel compromise possible where userspace got compromised allowing for a local exploit that allowed compromising the OS. This is how most malware works now. It comes loaded for bear, cracks the outside hull and then looks for broken welds in the inner hull to get to the soft, juicy center.
We started using Firefox because we were locked into Windows 95 by our ERP software and the biweekly exploits in IE6 were too much to keep up with. Firefox requires an administrative login for upgrade, so now, it's a tossup between Internet Explorer which will be patched once a month by MS or Chrome which just updates itself in the background as problems are found and fixed. Security updates, their timely release (software maker's responsibility) and their timely installation (your responsiblity) are what's important at being secure. While it can be said that Microsoft lags, Firefox and Chrome have dropped the ball multiple times as well. They're all run by humans that underestimate vulnerabilities. Open Source can be quicker to patch if they put their mind to it. I've used lesser known packages that make Microsoft seem really fast at doing this.
As a real need for focus if you're interested in raising security consciousness it's more important to educate people that most of the malware has shifted to Adobe products, Java and other third party plugins. |
10,069 | My company uses Websense, when someone goes to youtube by directly hitting url from browser
it says it's blocked due to category :Entertainment.
When someone searches for a video in google and clicks it , they can see the video , how is this possible?
If someone could say how its possible, i could make a work-around application if possible | 2011/12/25 | [
"https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/10069",
"https://security.stackexchange.com",
"https://security.stackexchange.com/users/6583/"
] | The reason they should use chrome vs IE does not boil down to open source vs proprietary. Chrome is a modern browser. IE6&7 aren't, IE8 is *almost* a modern browser, and IE9 is not going to be released on Win XP, but Chrome will periodically update itself to the latest stable version. By not using a modern browser that's kept up to date, your browsing experience will be slower, you will have more security vulnerabilities and more browsing issues. IE 8 is the first IE browser to pass ACID2 (compliance with web standards), but still fails miserably on ACID3 tests (20/100) while Chrome/Safari/Firefox/Opera/etc all pass.
Furthermore, Chrome has a lot of security features that weren't present in older version of IE.
The question of "is open source more or less secure than proprietary" is not going to be answered by argument. There are good arguments both ways -- having full access to source code allows both white and black hats to probe for vulnerabilities more easily, so vulnerabilities will be found more easily -- good when its the white hats and bad when its the black hats. People are still pretty good at reverse engineering/finding holes in closed source apps; but its much easier when the source is available. | Measuring the security of a specific piece of software is not an easy task. There are tools which do this, however mostly depend on access to the source code. In the case of a browser the situation is a bit simpler since it is easier to test against fuzzing tools - however this will be part of standard testing for mainstream software so the results may be inconclusive.
The arguments regarding open versus closed source have raged for years - and a strong argument put forward by the closed source incumbents is that since their products are much more widely used, then they will therefore attract much more attention from people trying to compromise the product. However this is an argument which no longer applies to MSIE vs Chrome vs Firefox. And MSIE's historical record on security shows it have had many more reported and serious vulnerabilities than Chrome and Firefox.
But while it's difficult to measure the security of a piece of software, it's simpler to measure many other aspects of the *quality* of a piece of software - especially where it has been written to a well defined standard. Again MSIE (historically) compares poorly on both performance and standard conformance when compared with Chrome and Firefox.
A further consideration is the effort required to ensure that vulnerabilities in the software are fixed. That doesn't just mean the vendor providing a fix, that means getting it installed across the user base. Chrome is particularly good at upgrading itself transparently.
As others have mentioned, MSIE is deeply tied into the underlying operating system. Which makes patching a complex process.
And of course there is the underlying economic model. While MSIE, Firefox and Chrome are all free (as in free beer) the underlying financial models are very different. It just does not make sense for Microsoft to maintain products for a long term - especially so when it's as tightly integrated with a whole operating system. And Windows XP is getting to the end of its support lifecycle. Upgrading an operating system is a lot more painful than upgrading a browser - and the software architecture of Chrome and Firefox make it much easier to have the most recent (and therefore the most secure) product available for use.
[Dr. E. D. V. Nunez' letter](http://www.opensource.org/docs/peru_and_ms.php) discusses the wider economic and social importance of free, open-source software far more eloquently than I can.
Then there's the question of all the other components which go into making a browser. One which has been discussed quite a lot recently is root CA's bundled with a browser. IMHO, all the major vendors serve their customers poorly in this area. However in Microsoft's case there is far greater likelihood of a conflict between it's interests and those of the user than for Chrome and Firefox.
A further consideration is the bundling of services with the product. In the case of a browser, particularly one used for webmail, good phishing detection should be a prime concern. IME, Google's service (implemented in both Firefox and Chrome) is much more comprehensive and more quickly updated than that of MSIE.
At the end of the day, while experience has taught me to be very careful about ipse dixit, if your opinion is being sought, then there are limits to which you should go in justifying that. Just as conversely, I wouldn't tell a heart surgeon what the best kind of stent is, I assume that she has some knowledge of the subject which is part of her value to society and would be difficult for her to impart to me without a great deal of time spent on this by both of us.
Where we don't have enough information to fully evaluate opposing arguments, then a reasonable solution is to look at the people arguing the cases and consider how they would benefit or lose out by presenting a misleading case. We're back at economics again: it costs a lot of money to write a browser, Google and Mozilla get no direct benefit from doing so. Microsoft does. |
10,069 | My company uses Websense, when someone goes to youtube by directly hitting url from browser
it says it's blocked due to category :Entertainment.
When someone searches for a video in google and clicks it , they can see the video , how is this possible?
If someone could say how its possible, i could make a work-around application if possible | 2011/12/25 | [
"https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/10069",
"https://security.stackexchange.com",
"https://security.stackexchange.com/users/6583/"
] | I like @this.josh's answer where he says Open Source is not automatically better or more secure. It's the development process and the QA that matters most, the rest is a matter of personal preference.
Here are a few thoughts that come to mind when I consider using IE that was created with a proprietary development process
* One year after IE6 browser was released in 2001 Bill Gates [insisted that security become the company's #1 priority](http://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2002/01/49826)
* MSFT later published [its own secure development guidance called the SDLC](http://www.microsoft.com/security/sdl/default.aspx)
* The IE team released [this whitepaper regarding IE8 the SDLC process](http://www.microsoft.com/download/en/details.aspx?id=14891)
Considering the amount of transparency that MSFT has put forth, I would consider Microsoft to be a modern role model in how secure software is developed (not to exclude other reputable vendors).
Sure individuals may dispute the risk/threat of a particular vulnerability (as @Rook does in the comments above). When such a security issue is found in the FOSS world is that a "fork" (or patch) is created by a contributor. This individual may be a skilled developer or a novice. The problem is that these one-off patches are often created outside of a SDLC process and therefore increase risk from a [process/compliance](https://security.stackexchange.com/q/9930/396) perspective. Is this a risk worth taking? That's often a business/personal decision depending on who owns and manages the computer.
Since you mentioned they are using XP (an OS that is 10+ years old) it's likely that they haven't maintained the PC. Regardless of the OS, patches and updates are needed to maintain a secure system. This applies to open source and closed source software and [both IE](http://www.geek.com/articles/geek-pick/microsoft-decides-to-automatically-update-internet-explorer-for-everyone-20111215/), and [Chrome](http://blog.gesteves.com/2011/09/25/i-love-chromes-automatic-updates/) have addressed this particular issue.
**Bottom line / TL;DR**
Open Source or closed source development doesn't change much about the security of a piece of software. Each approach has positive and negative aspects, and in most cases personal bias on which approach is "correct".
As long as computer software is written by humans, there will be security flaws. | For closed source:
Q: is this safe?
A: I don't know
Q: how can I find out?
A: You can't. You have to trust Microsoft (or whomever).
For open source:
Q: is this safe?
A: I don't know
Q: how can I find out
A: ask an expert's opinion, Google for a list, ... |
10,069 | My company uses Websense, when someone goes to youtube by directly hitting url from browser
it says it's blocked due to category :Entertainment.
When someone searches for a video in google and clicks it , they can see the video , how is this possible?
If someone could say how its possible, i could make a work-around application if possible | 2011/12/25 | [
"https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/10069",
"https://security.stackexchange.com",
"https://security.stackexchange.com/users/6583/"
] | The reason they should use chrome vs IE does not boil down to open source vs proprietary. Chrome is a modern browser. IE6&7 aren't, IE8 is *almost* a modern browser, and IE9 is not going to be released on Win XP, but Chrome will periodically update itself to the latest stable version. By not using a modern browser that's kept up to date, your browsing experience will be slower, you will have more security vulnerabilities and more browsing issues. IE 8 is the first IE browser to pass ACID2 (compliance with web standards), but still fails miserably on ACID3 tests (20/100) while Chrome/Safari/Firefox/Opera/etc all pass.
Furthermore, Chrome has a lot of security features that weren't present in older version of IE.
The question of "is open source more or less secure than proprietary" is not going to be answered by argument. There are good arguments both ways -- having full access to source code allows both white and black hats to probe for vulnerabilities more easily, so vulnerabilities will be found more easily -- good when its the white hats and bad when its the black hats. People are still pretty good at reverse engineering/finding holes in closed source apps; but its much easier when the source is available. | I like @this.josh's answer where he says Open Source is not automatically better or more secure. It's the development process and the QA that matters most, the rest is a matter of personal preference.
Here are a few thoughts that come to mind when I consider using IE that was created with a proprietary development process
* One year after IE6 browser was released in 2001 Bill Gates [insisted that security become the company's #1 priority](http://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2002/01/49826)
* MSFT later published [its own secure development guidance called the SDLC](http://www.microsoft.com/security/sdl/default.aspx)
* The IE team released [this whitepaper regarding IE8 the SDLC process](http://www.microsoft.com/download/en/details.aspx?id=14891)
Considering the amount of transparency that MSFT has put forth, I would consider Microsoft to be a modern role model in how secure software is developed (not to exclude other reputable vendors).
Sure individuals may dispute the risk/threat of a particular vulnerability (as @Rook does in the comments above). When such a security issue is found in the FOSS world is that a "fork" (or patch) is created by a contributor. This individual may be a skilled developer or a novice. The problem is that these one-off patches are often created outside of a SDLC process and therefore increase risk from a [process/compliance](https://security.stackexchange.com/q/9930/396) perspective. Is this a risk worth taking? That's often a business/personal decision depending on who owns and manages the computer.
Since you mentioned they are using XP (an OS that is 10+ years old) it's likely that they haven't maintained the PC. Regardless of the OS, patches and updates are needed to maintain a secure system. This applies to open source and closed source software and [both IE](http://www.geek.com/articles/geek-pick/microsoft-decides-to-automatically-update-internet-explorer-for-everyone-20111215/), and [Chrome](http://blog.gesteves.com/2011/09/25/i-love-chromes-automatic-updates/) have addressed this particular issue.
**Bottom line / TL;DR**
Open Source or closed source development doesn't change much about the security of a piece of software. Each approach has positive and negative aspects, and in most cases personal bias on which approach is "correct".
As long as computer software is written by humans, there will be security flaws. |
10,489 | I am in need of a new bicycle helmet and have been exploring some alternative options. One possibility I am considering is visiting my local Army Surplus store and getting a helmet there. I only use my bike for commuting, 3-4 miles in a single trip, tops. So the weight or lack of ventilation won't be a problem for me. Additionally, having a helmet durable enough to not need replacing after a minor bump or contact with the ground seems appealing (and cost-effective).
Right now, I am thinking something along the lines of a vintage WWII helmet.
So my question is would this be a viable and safe option for me or do I need some sense slapped in to me? I figure if it's meant to deflect bullets or shrapnel, then it should work fine for a fall or if I get hit by a car.
Obviously, I'll have look into the *legality* of this for my state on my own. But I am wondering if anyone out there has any experience or advice for me on this topic.
Thanks. | 2012/07/25 | [
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/10489",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/users/4016/"
] | No. Military helmets are designed to protect your head against flying shrapnel, not absorb blunt force trauma. It's better than nothing, but that's not saying much. | In my country, cycle helmets are mandated by law for use on the road. It is illegal to sell a non-certified helmet for the purposes of riding on the road.
So any accident where you're not wearing an approved and certified helmet could result in insurance cover being refused, regardless of whether the helmet is a cause or a mitigator.
Like having your car stopped and parked on the road, being struck, but because you have an expired Warrant of Fitness, the insurer refuses to cover your damage because the car shouldn't have been on the road.
Its petty, but that's how insurance companies roll. Why risk it? |
10,489 | I am in need of a new bicycle helmet and have been exploring some alternative options. One possibility I am considering is visiting my local Army Surplus store and getting a helmet there. I only use my bike for commuting, 3-4 miles in a single trip, tops. So the weight or lack of ventilation won't be a problem for me. Additionally, having a helmet durable enough to not need replacing after a minor bump or contact with the ground seems appealing (and cost-effective).
Right now, I am thinking something along the lines of a vintage WWII helmet.
So my question is would this be a viable and safe option for me or do I need some sense slapped in to me? I figure if it's meant to deflect bullets or shrapnel, then it should work fine for a fall or if I get hit by a car.
Obviously, I'll have look into the *legality* of this for my state on my own. But I am wondering if anyone out there has any experience or advice for me on this topic.
Thanks. | 2012/07/25 | [
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/10489",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/users/4016/"
] | Bicycle helmets contain crushable foam that works to [extend the duration of impact by about 6 ms](http://www.bhsi.org/general.htm) (milliseconds). This doesn't make the impact force disappear, instead it extends the duration of force experienced by the brain. By extending the duration, you reduce the peak force. The brain can withstand impacts to some degree, however if the impact is too forceful over too short a period of time (like your head hitting asphalt), the peak force experienced by your brain becomes too high resulting in brain damage or even death. While 6 ms may seem small, it can be enough to reduce the peak force experience from lethal and/or damaging to survivable and/or reduced damage (see Figure 1).
A)  B) 
***Figure 1**. Impact force by time a brain sees with a helmet (A) and without a helmet (B). The total energy is the same (area under the curve), but the peak force is lower for the brain with a helmet.*
(Source: <http://www.bhsi.org/>)
[Modern military helmet](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Combat_Helmet) are designed to protect against things like shrapnel, not absorb impacts (although [newer research](http://arxiv.org/pdf/0809.3468.pdf) may change that). As a result your peak impact force in a crash will not substantially change and you will be under a similar risk for brain injury as being helmet less.
Also you mentioned having to replace bike helmets that take an impact as a downside. If you wonder why bicycle helmets are not made with foam that "bounces back" (e.g. hockey helmets) this is because it can cause *more* damage in an impact. With this type of foam your brain receives force in the initial hit and then it experiences a secondary "hit" as the foam returns (often these non-crushable foams return rapidly). Crushable foam however does not rebound as it remains crushed. The downside is that once it is crushed it no longer provides any protective benefit and needs to be replaced. By extension when the crushable foam degrades it also needs to be replaced. This is why it is also suggested that old bicycle helmets also need to be replaced (what constitutes old is up for debate). In this case the crushable foam has degraded over time and its impact absorption properties change for the worse and will not provide the same benefit in an impact as a newer helmet with foam that has not degraded.
Finally, I do remember hearing about a new type of foam that behaves similar to the crushable foam used in helmets, but rebounds slowly. I will have to work to find that reference. But if they are in the marketplace they will be more robust to hits and repeat impacts. | I'm not an expert, but I would say it is probably not safe.
Things that are good at deflecting small fast moving objects aren't always good at absorbing crushing force. Bike helmets are designed to absorb most of the force from the impact as to protect your dome from it. I am not sure how well an army helmet will do in this regard.
A good analogy might be using a bullet vest to stop a bullet vs using a bullet vest to protect yourself from a sledge hammer wielding psycho. It may work really well for one but not the other. |
10,489 | I am in need of a new bicycle helmet and have been exploring some alternative options. One possibility I am considering is visiting my local Army Surplus store and getting a helmet there. I only use my bike for commuting, 3-4 miles in a single trip, tops. So the weight or lack of ventilation won't be a problem for me. Additionally, having a helmet durable enough to not need replacing after a minor bump or contact with the ground seems appealing (and cost-effective).
Right now, I am thinking something along the lines of a vintage WWII helmet.
So my question is would this be a viable and safe option for me or do I need some sense slapped in to me? I figure if it's meant to deflect bullets or shrapnel, then it should work fine for a fall or if I get hit by a car.
Obviously, I'll have look into the *legality* of this for my state on my own. But I am wondering if anyone out there has any experience or advice for me on this topic.
Thanks. | 2012/07/25 | [
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/10489",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/users/4016/"
] | I'm not an expert, but I would say it is probably not safe.
Things that are good at deflecting small fast moving objects aren't always good at absorbing crushing force. Bike helmets are designed to absorb most of the force from the impact as to protect your dome from it. I am not sure how well an army helmet will do in this regard.
A good analogy might be using a bullet vest to stop a bullet vs using a bullet vest to protect yourself from a sledge hammer wielding psycho. It may work really well for one but not the other. | No. Military helmets are designed to protect your head against flying shrapnel, not absorb blunt force trauma. It's better than nothing, but that's not saying much. |
10,489 | I am in need of a new bicycle helmet and have been exploring some alternative options. One possibility I am considering is visiting my local Army Surplus store and getting a helmet there. I only use my bike for commuting, 3-4 miles in a single trip, tops. So the weight or lack of ventilation won't be a problem for me. Additionally, having a helmet durable enough to not need replacing after a minor bump or contact with the ground seems appealing (and cost-effective).
Right now, I am thinking something along the lines of a vintage WWII helmet.
So my question is would this be a viable and safe option for me or do I need some sense slapped in to me? I figure if it's meant to deflect bullets or shrapnel, then it should work fine for a fall or if I get hit by a car.
Obviously, I'll have look into the *legality* of this for my state on my own. But I am wondering if anyone out there has any experience or advice for me on this topic.
Thanks. | 2012/07/25 | [
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/10489",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/users/4016/"
] | Bicycle helmets contain crushable foam that works to [extend the duration of impact by about 6 ms](http://www.bhsi.org/general.htm) (milliseconds). This doesn't make the impact force disappear, instead it extends the duration of force experienced by the brain. By extending the duration, you reduce the peak force. The brain can withstand impacts to some degree, however if the impact is too forceful over too short a period of time (like your head hitting asphalt), the peak force experienced by your brain becomes too high resulting in brain damage or even death. While 6 ms may seem small, it can be enough to reduce the peak force experience from lethal and/or damaging to survivable and/or reduced damage (see Figure 1).
A)  B) 
***Figure 1**. Impact force by time a brain sees with a helmet (A) and without a helmet (B). The total energy is the same (area under the curve), but the peak force is lower for the brain with a helmet.*
(Source: <http://www.bhsi.org/>)
[Modern military helmet](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Combat_Helmet) are designed to protect against things like shrapnel, not absorb impacts (although [newer research](http://arxiv.org/pdf/0809.3468.pdf) may change that). As a result your peak impact force in a crash will not substantially change and you will be under a similar risk for brain injury as being helmet less.
Also you mentioned having to replace bike helmets that take an impact as a downside. If you wonder why bicycle helmets are not made with foam that "bounces back" (e.g. hockey helmets) this is because it can cause *more* damage in an impact. With this type of foam your brain receives force in the initial hit and then it experiences a secondary "hit" as the foam returns (often these non-crushable foams return rapidly). Crushable foam however does not rebound as it remains crushed. The downside is that once it is crushed it no longer provides any protective benefit and needs to be replaced. By extension when the crushable foam degrades it also needs to be replaced. This is why it is also suggested that old bicycle helmets also need to be replaced (what constitutes old is up for debate). In this case the crushable foam has degraded over time and its impact absorption properties change for the worse and will not provide the same benefit in an impact as a newer helmet with foam that has not degraded.
Finally, I do remember hearing about a new type of foam that behaves similar to the crushable foam used in helmets, but rebounds slowly. I will have to work to find that reference. But if they are in the marketplace they will be more robust to hits and repeat impacts. | Old WWII helmets were basically the original motorcycle helmet. You might want to consider a newer military helmet if you got one, look fort the Kevlar helmets as they are designed to absorb the impact of small rounds and I know 9 mm rounds produce 467 joules of energy on impact and is designed to penetrate, a helmet actually has to be stronger to stop small objects from penetrating it because the impact is in a smaller and more localized area on the helmet's surface than if it were to be dropped or be on the wearer's head when they fell. This whole logic that 'it's designed to protect against sharp objects but not impacts' is kind of flawed. Modern military helmets have adjustable foam pads inside and exceed DOT standards for even a motorcycle helmet when looking at the numbers. The main reason most people don't use military helmets on motorcycles, except for military personnel, is because the modern helmet is what you'd want and it's expensive. military helmets have been being designed to take blows from blunt objects, sharp objects, and falls for years and have evolved since the first helmets were worn into battle over 3,000 years ago. They normally have a space around the head and a padding inside to absorb impacts and have been designed that way for over 1,000 years. They are really your best choice of helmet for pretty much anything since they are tested more rigorously and have to protect a soldiers head in the event of a fall, something falling on their head, and more. They're just expensive, soldiers only tend to use them on bicycles and motorcycles because they are issued to them and therefore it's cheaper for them, most other people use motorcycle helmets or bicycle helmets because they're considerably cheaper than military helmets. |
10,489 | I am in need of a new bicycle helmet and have been exploring some alternative options. One possibility I am considering is visiting my local Army Surplus store and getting a helmet there. I only use my bike for commuting, 3-4 miles in a single trip, tops. So the weight or lack of ventilation won't be a problem for me. Additionally, having a helmet durable enough to not need replacing after a minor bump or contact with the ground seems appealing (and cost-effective).
Right now, I am thinking something along the lines of a vintage WWII helmet.
So my question is would this be a viable and safe option for me or do I need some sense slapped in to me? I figure if it's meant to deflect bullets or shrapnel, then it should work fine for a fall or if I get hit by a car.
Obviously, I'll have look into the *legality* of this for my state on my own. But I am wondering if anyone out there has any experience or advice for me on this topic.
Thanks. | 2012/07/25 | [
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/10489",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/users/4016/"
] | I'm not an expert, but I would say it is probably not safe.
Things that are good at deflecting small fast moving objects aren't always good at absorbing crushing force. Bike helmets are designed to absorb most of the force from the impact as to protect your dome from it. I am not sure how well an army helmet will do in this regard.
A good analogy might be using a bullet vest to stop a bullet vs using a bullet vest to protect yourself from a sledge hammer wielding psycho. It may work really well for one but not the other. | In my country, cycle helmets are mandated by law for use on the road. It is illegal to sell a non-certified helmet for the purposes of riding on the road.
So any accident where you're not wearing an approved and certified helmet could result in insurance cover being refused, regardless of whether the helmet is a cause or a mitigator.
Like having your car stopped and parked on the road, being struck, but because you have an expired Warrant of Fitness, the insurer refuses to cover your damage because the car shouldn't have been on the road.
Its petty, but that's how insurance companies roll. Why risk it? |
10,489 | I am in need of a new bicycle helmet and have been exploring some alternative options. One possibility I am considering is visiting my local Army Surplus store and getting a helmet there. I only use my bike for commuting, 3-4 miles in a single trip, tops. So the weight or lack of ventilation won't be a problem for me. Additionally, having a helmet durable enough to not need replacing after a minor bump or contact with the ground seems appealing (and cost-effective).
Right now, I am thinking something along the lines of a vintage WWII helmet.
So my question is would this be a viable and safe option for me or do I need some sense slapped in to me? I figure if it's meant to deflect bullets or shrapnel, then it should work fine for a fall or if I get hit by a car.
Obviously, I'll have look into the *legality* of this for my state on my own. But I am wondering if anyone out there has any experience or advice for me on this topic.
Thanks. | 2012/07/25 | [
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/10489",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/users/4016/"
] | I'm not an expert, but I would say it is probably not safe.
Things that are good at deflecting small fast moving objects aren't always good at absorbing crushing force. Bike helmets are designed to absorb most of the force from the impact as to protect your dome from it. I am not sure how well an army helmet will do in this regard.
A good analogy might be using a bullet vest to stop a bullet vs using a bullet vest to protect yourself from a sledge hammer wielding psycho. It may work really well for one but not the other. | It depends, if you get a WWII surplus helmet, then no, definitely not. They do not meet any safety regulations and have no cushioning to absorb the impact of a crash.
A modern combat helmet (i.e. MICH 2000s, PASGTs) work fine because they have a cushioned lair that can absorb the impact. In fact, many special forces units still wear them when they use vehicles like motorcycles to move around the battlefield. |
10,489 | I am in need of a new bicycle helmet and have been exploring some alternative options. One possibility I am considering is visiting my local Army Surplus store and getting a helmet there. I only use my bike for commuting, 3-4 miles in a single trip, tops. So the weight or lack of ventilation won't be a problem for me. Additionally, having a helmet durable enough to not need replacing after a minor bump or contact with the ground seems appealing (and cost-effective).
Right now, I am thinking something along the lines of a vintage WWII helmet.
So my question is would this be a viable and safe option for me or do I need some sense slapped in to me? I figure if it's meant to deflect bullets or shrapnel, then it should work fine for a fall or if I get hit by a car.
Obviously, I'll have look into the *legality* of this for my state on my own. But I am wondering if anyone out there has any experience or advice for me on this topic.
Thanks. | 2012/07/25 | [
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/10489",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/users/4016/"
] | It depends, if you get a WWII surplus helmet, then no, definitely not. They do not meet any safety regulations and have no cushioning to absorb the impact of a crash.
A modern combat helmet (i.e. MICH 2000s, PASGTs) work fine because they have a cushioned lair that can absorb the impact. In fact, many special forces units still wear them when they use vehicles like motorcycles to move around the battlefield. | Old WWII helmets were basically the original motorcycle helmet. You might want to consider a newer military helmet if you got one, look fort the Kevlar helmets as they are designed to absorb the impact of small rounds and I know 9 mm rounds produce 467 joules of energy on impact and is designed to penetrate, a helmet actually has to be stronger to stop small objects from penetrating it because the impact is in a smaller and more localized area on the helmet's surface than if it were to be dropped or be on the wearer's head when they fell. This whole logic that 'it's designed to protect against sharp objects but not impacts' is kind of flawed. Modern military helmets have adjustable foam pads inside and exceed DOT standards for even a motorcycle helmet when looking at the numbers. The main reason most people don't use military helmets on motorcycles, except for military personnel, is because the modern helmet is what you'd want and it's expensive. military helmets have been being designed to take blows from blunt objects, sharp objects, and falls for years and have evolved since the first helmets were worn into battle over 3,000 years ago. They normally have a space around the head and a padding inside to absorb impacts and have been designed that way for over 1,000 years. They are really your best choice of helmet for pretty much anything since they are tested more rigorously and have to protect a soldiers head in the event of a fall, something falling on their head, and more. They're just expensive, soldiers only tend to use them on bicycles and motorcycles because they are issued to them and therefore it's cheaper for them, most other people use motorcycle helmets or bicycle helmets because they're considerably cheaper than military helmets. |
10,489 | I am in need of a new bicycle helmet and have been exploring some alternative options. One possibility I am considering is visiting my local Army Surplus store and getting a helmet there. I only use my bike for commuting, 3-4 miles in a single trip, tops. So the weight or lack of ventilation won't be a problem for me. Additionally, having a helmet durable enough to not need replacing after a minor bump or contact with the ground seems appealing (and cost-effective).
Right now, I am thinking something along the lines of a vintage WWII helmet.
So my question is would this be a viable and safe option for me or do I need some sense slapped in to me? I figure if it's meant to deflect bullets or shrapnel, then it should work fine for a fall or if I get hit by a car.
Obviously, I'll have look into the *legality* of this for my state on my own. But I am wondering if anyone out there has any experience or advice for me on this topic.
Thanks. | 2012/07/25 | [
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/10489",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/users/4016/"
] | It depends, if you get a WWII surplus helmet, then no, definitely not. They do not meet any safety regulations and have no cushioning to absorb the impact of a crash.
A modern combat helmet (i.e. MICH 2000s, PASGTs) work fine because they have a cushioned lair that can absorb the impact. In fact, many special forces units still wear them when they use vehicles like motorcycles to move around the battlefield. | In my country, cycle helmets are mandated by law for use on the road. It is illegal to sell a non-certified helmet for the purposes of riding on the road.
So any accident where you're not wearing an approved and certified helmet could result in insurance cover being refused, regardless of whether the helmet is a cause or a mitigator.
Like having your car stopped and parked on the road, being struck, but because you have an expired Warrant of Fitness, the insurer refuses to cover your damage because the car shouldn't have been on the road.
Its petty, but that's how insurance companies roll. Why risk it? |
10,489 | I am in need of a new bicycle helmet and have been exploring some alternative options. One possibility I am considering is visiting my local Army Surplus store and getting a helmet there. I only use my bike for commuting, 3-4 miles in a single trip, tops. So the weight or lack of ventilation won't be a problem for me. Additionally, having a helmet durable enough to not need replacing after a minor bump or contact with the ground seems appealing (and cost-effective).
Right now, I am thinking something along the lines of a vintage WWII helmet.
So my question is would this be a viable and safe option for me or do I need some sense slapped in to me? I figure if it's meant to deflect bullets or shrapnel, then it should work fine for a fall or if I get hit by a car.
Obviously, I'll have look into the *legality* of this for my state on my own. But I am wondering if anyone out there has any experience or advice for me on this topic.
Thanks. | 2012/07/25 | [
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/10489",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/users/4016/"
] | Bicycle helmets contain crushable foam that works to [extend the duration of impact by about 6 ms](http://www.bhsi.org/general.htm) (milliseconds). This doesn't make the impact force disappear, instead it extends the duration of force experienced by the brain. By extending the duration, you reduce the peak force. The brain can withstand impacts to some degree, however if the impact is too forceful over too short a period of time (like your head hitting asphalt), the peak force experienced by your brain becomes too high resulting in brain damage or even death. While 6 ms may seem small, it can be enough to reduce the peak force experience from lethal and/or damaging to survivable and/or reduced damage (see Figure 1).
A)  B) 
***Figure 1**. Impact force by time a brain sees with a helmet (A) and without a helmet (B). The total energy is the same (area under the curve), but the peak force is lower for the brain with a helmet.*
(Source: <http://www.bhsi.org/>)
[Modern military helmet](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Combat_Helmet) are designed to protect against things like shrapnel, not absorb impacts (although [newer research](http://arxiv.org/pdf/0809.3468.pdf) may change that). As a result your peak impact force in a crash will not substantially change and you will be under a similar risk for brain injury as being helmet less.
Also you mentioned having to replace bike helmets that take an impact as a downside. If you wonder why bicycle helmets are not made with foam that "bounces back" (e.g. hockey helmets) this is because it can cause *more* damage in an impact. With this type of foam your brain receives force in the initial hit and then it experiences a secondary "hit" as the foam returns (often these non-crushable foams return rapidly). Crushable foam however does not rebound as it remains crushed. The downside is that once it is crushed it no longer provides any protective benefit and needs to be replaced. By extension when the crushable foam degrades it also needs to be replaced. This is why it is also suggested that old bicycle helmets also need to be replaced (what constitutes old is up for debate). In this case the crushable foam has degraded over time and its impact absorption properties change for the worse and will not provide the same benefit in an impact as a newer helmet with foam that has not degraded.
Finally, I do remember hearing about a new type of foam that behaves similar to the crushable foam used in helmets, but rebounds slowly. I will have to work to find that reference. But if they are in the marketplace they will be more robust to hits and repeat impacts. | It depends, if you get a WWII surplus helmet, then no, definitely not. They do not meet any safety regulations and have no cushioning to absorb the impact of a crash.
A modern combat helmet (i.e. MICH 2000s, PASGTs) work fine because they have a cushioned lair that can absorb the impact. In fact, many special forces units still wear them when they use vehicles like motorcycles to move around the battlefield. |
10,489 | I am in need of a new bicycle helmet and have been exploring some alternative options. One possibility I am considering is visiting my local Army Surplus store and getting a helmet there. I only use my bike for commuting, 3-4 miles in a single trip, tops. So the weight or lack of ventilation won't be a problem for me. Additionally, having a helmet durable enough to not need replacing after a minor bump or contact with the ground seems appealing (and cost-effective).
Right now, I am thinking something along the lines of a vintage WWII helmet.
So my question is would this be a viable and safe option for me or do I need some sense slapped in to me? I figure if it's meant to deflect bullets or shrapnel, then it should work fine for a fall or if I get hit by a car.
Obviously, I'll have look into the *legality* of this for my state on my own. But I am wondering if anyone out there has any experience or advice for me on this topic.
Thanks. | 2012/07/25 | [
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/10489",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/users/4016/"
] | No. Military helmets are designed to protect your head against flying shrapnel, not absorb blunt force trauma. It's better than nothing, but that's not saying much. | It depends, if you get a WWII surplus helmet, then no, definitely not. They do not meet any safety regulations and have no cushioning to absorb the impact of a crash.
A modern combat helmet (i.e. MICH 2000s, PASGTs) work fine because they have a cushioned lair that can absorb the impact. In fact, many special forces units still wear them when they use vehicles like motorcycles to move around the battlefield. |
254,513 | [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/NTxZX.png)
I need help, how do I make it move the same way its rotated? The arrows are the same orientation as always, I need to make it accustomed to the orientation of the object itself. | 2022/02/22 | [
"https://blender.stackexchange.com/questions/254513",
"https://blender.stackexchange.com",
"https://blender.stackexchange.com/users/142765/"
] | you will be pretty disappointed...but here you go:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/PnFG9.png) | >
> But I couldn't figure a way of taking the instances from a collection, picking a random one. If I use the collection it outputs all objects in that collection.
>
>
>
Besides Chris's way of using a single vert to use the Pick Instances on the **Instance on Points** node, you could pick children objects (in a random order) straight from the collection using this set-up with **Separate Geometry** node.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/rGvlk.png) |
16,204 | I'm wondering whether I should go for a faster card (e.g. SanDisk Extreme series) or can do just fine with slower card (e.g. SanDisk Ultra series) for use with Canon EOS 7D. I'm not planning to record any movies with it, though I like to take continuous shots (using bracketing, or for panning) in RAW+JPEG mode.
Thanks in advance. | 2011/10/05 | [
"https://photo.stackexchange.com/questions/16204",
"https://photo.stackexchange.com",
"https://photo.stackexchange.com/users/5900/"
] | If you don't plan to do video, you should be fine with the SanDisk Ultra series cards. Just keep in mind that the single RAW files by themselves can be from 25MB-33MB. So your cards will fill up fast, and you may need a higher speed card then you might have used in an older camera. | My take is that if you can afford the extra speed, get it. In the end result you may not need it, but you most assuredly can't suddenly get faster if you don't have it and do need it. In any event, the 7D is a fast shooter, so you may find having that extra speed is advantageous for burst shooting in raw as it will allow the camera to write to the card faster and become available for further shooting that much quicker. |
16,204 | I'm wondering whether I should go for a faster card (e.g. SanDisk Extreme series) or can do just fine with slower card (e.g. SanDisk Ultra series) for use with Canon EOS 7D. I'm not planning to record any movies with it, though I like to take continuous shots (using bracketing, or for panning) in RAW+JPEG mode.
Thanks in advance. | 2011/10/05 | [
"https://photo.stackexchange.com/questions/16204",
"https://photo.stackexchange.com",
"https://photo.stackexchange.com/users/5900/"
] | If you don't plan to do video, you should be fine with the SanDisk Ultra series cards. Just keep in mind that the single RAW files by themselves can be from 25MB-33MB. So your cards will fill up fast, and you may need a higher speed card then you might have used in an older camera. | So there are two main reasons to get a faster memory card:
* you fill up your camera's buffer when taking several pictures in quick succession (usually when you're using burst mode and saving lots of data, like in RAW+JPEG mode), and you want to get the pictures out of the buffer and onto the card faster (so you can take more pictures)
* you want to get your pictures out of your camera and onto your computer faster (either because you're impatient or because you're a pro, and time is money)
* (there's also video, but I don't know anything about that)
For each case, there is a maximum speed dictated by your equipment: the write speed of your camera when taking pictures, and the read speed of your reader (which could be your camera if you're using a USB cable to connect your camera to your computer) when retrieving the pictures. If you are comparing two cards and they are both slower than the maximum speed of your equipment, than buying the faster card *will* make a difference. If they're both faster than the maximum speed of your equipment, than buying the faster card *will not* make a difference.
I would *suspect* that the 7D is pretty fast, probably outpacing most memory cards, so you would notice a difference if you compared two cards to each other in your 7D, in a way that stressed the write speeds. On the other hand, if you don't stress your camera, you probably would never notice the difference.
So if you use burst mode a lot and use it to take more than just 3-5 pictures at a time, or you're always in a big hurry to get your pictures onto your computer, than you should get the faster card. If you only take a picture every few seconds or so, and you're patient and don't mind waiting a little longer to get your pictures, than there's no need to get the faster memory card. That said, I always get the fastest cards, even though I probably don't *need* them, because they're relatively cheap (compared to the cost of my camera and lenses), and because having the faster ones is just kinda cool.
---
Now the rest of this answer is actually completely irrelevant to your question, but it shows how I measured the effective write speed of different cards in my camera; I'm posting it in the hope that someone with a newer camera and a few different CF cards can repeat the experiment and provide some more up-to-date data:
I used a SanDisk Extreme III (2GB?) CF card, and two SD cards, a faster 4GB card and a slower 8GB card, with a [CF-SD adapter](https://photo.stackexchange.com/questions/9557/cf-adapter-sd-vs-pci). For each, I set my camera (a Canon 30D) to the largest file size (large JPG + RAW), set my camera to its fastest shutter speed (just trying to reduce the time spent with the shutter up as much as possible, so it didn't affect the experiment much; the most important thing with this experiment would be to be in Manual-everything mode so the camera doesn't spend more time thinking for one set of pictures than for another), and turned on the faster burst mode. Then I held down the shutter. I held the shutter down until the buffer filled up and the camera stopped taking pictures, and then I timed how long it took until the buffer reached '7' (the number that displays in the viewfinder indicating how many pictures can fit in the buffer). I'm not sure if these times are from when I first started taking pictures or when I stopped, but they are:
* CF: 9.8
* SD 8GB (slower): 20.6
* SD 4GB (faster): 17.6
Basically I learned that CF cards are *much* faster than SD cards in an adapter (which shouldn't be a surprise), and that with that adapter a faster SD card did make a difference (which I wasn't really expecting).
It would be interesting to compare between different CF cards, to see how much of a difference that makes. |
16,204 | I'm wondering whether I should go for a faster card (e.g. SanDisk Extreme series) or can do just fine with slower card (e.g. SanDisk Ultra series) for use with Canon EOS 7D. I'm not planning to record any movies with it, though I like to take continuous shots (using bracketing, or for panning) in RAW+JPEG mode.
Thanks in advance. | 2011/10/05 | [
"https://photo.stackexchange.com/questions/16204",
"https://photo.stackexchange.com",
"https://photo.stackexchange.com/users/5900/"
] | So there are two main reasons to get a faster memory card:
* you fill up your camera's buffer when taking several pictures in quick succession (usually when you're using burst mode and saving lots of data, like in RAW+JPEG mode), and you want to get the pictures out of the buffer and onto the card faster (so you can take more pictures)
* you want to get your pictures out of your camera and onto your computer faster (either because you're impatient or because you're a pro, and time is money)
* (there's also video, but I don't know anything about that)
For each case, there is a maximum speed dictated by your equipment: the write speed of your camera when taking pictures, and the read speed of your reader (which could be your camera if you're using a USB cable to connect your camera to your computer) when retrieving the pictures. If you are comparing two cards and they are both slower than the maximum speed of your equipment, than buying the faster card *will* make a difference. If they're both faster than the maximum speed of your equipment, than buying the faster card *will not* make a difference.
I would *suspect* that the 7D is pretty fast, probably outpacing most memory cards, so you would notice a difference if you compared two cards to each other in your 7D, in a way that stressed the write speeds. On the other hand, if you don't stress your camera, you probably would never notice the difference.
So if you use burst mode a lot and use it to take more than just 3-5 pictures at a time, or you're always in a big hurry to get your pictures onto your computer, than you should get the faster card. If you only take a picture every few seconds or so, and you're patient and don't mind waiting a little longer to get your pictures, than there's no need to get the faster memory card. That said, I always get the fastest cards, even though I probably don't *need* them, because they're relatively cheap (compared to the cost of my camera and lenses), and because having the faster ones is just kinda cool.
---
Now the rest of this answer is actually completely irrelevant to your question, but it shows how I measured the effective write speed of different cards in my camera; I'm posting it in the hope that someone with a newer camera and a few different CF cards can repeat the experiment and provide some more up-to-date data:
I used a SanDisk Extreme III (2GB?) CF card, and two SD cards, a faster 4GB card and a slower 8GB card, with a [CF-SD adapter](https://photo.stackexchange.com/questions/9557/cf-adapter-sd-vs-pci). For each, I set my camera (a Canon 30D) to the largest file size (large JPG + RAW), set my camera to its fastest shutter speed (just trying to reduce the time spent with the shutter up as much as possible, so it didn't affect the experiment much; the most important thing with this experiment would be to be in Manual-everything mode so the camera doesn't spend more time thinking for one set of pictures than for another), and turned on the faster burst mode. Then I held down the shutter. I held the shutter down until the buffer filled up and the camera stopped taking pictures, and then I timed how long it took until the buffer reached '7' (the number that displays in the viewfinder indicating how many pictures can fit in the buffer). I'm not sure if these times are from when I first started taking pictures or when I stopped, but they are:
* CF: 9.8
* SD 8GB (slower): 20.6
* SD 4GB (faster): 17.6
Basically I learned that CF cards are *much* faster than SD cards in an adapter (which shouldn't be a surprise), and that with that adapter a faster SD card did make a difference (which I wasn't really expecting).
It would be interesting to compare between different CF cards, to see how much of a difference that makes. | My take is that if you can afford the extra speed, get it. In the end result you may not need it, but you most assuredly can't suddenly get faster if you don't have it and do need it. In any event, the 7D is a fast shooter, so you may find having that extra speed is advantageous for burst shooting in raw as it will allow the camera to write to the card faster and become available for further shooting that much quicker. |
1,173 | What do you put in the letter? What if you have no experience, or only very limited experience. Should you write about yourself in the third or first person when explaining your experience? | 2011/01/19 | [
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/questions/1173",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/users/554/"
] | There are multiple parts to a query letter. The first part is you. What kind of writing experience do you have? Have you published four books already? Do you have a dozen short stories in various magazines? Have you won any writing awards? Do you have any experience in the publishing world - editing, lit agent, etc. This is where you want to "sell" yourself. If you're writing non-fiction include what gives you the authority to write a book. Are you an emergency room nurse and you're writing about first aid tips or what live in the emergency room is like? This would be written in first person, unless the publisher specifies otherwise.
The next part is about your book. You're going to want to give them a summary about what the book's about, who the characters are, and how it ends. Yes, they want to know how it ends. Don't leave them with a "Will Bobby survive his detention-from-hell?" That's going to annoy any publishers or agents reading the query. If the book has been published before, you'll want to let them know that, where, how long ago, and if rights have reverted to you. If it's been published before you'll also want to let them know if it's won any awards.
Just like you'd want someone else to look over your novel for errors and mistakes, have someone proof read your query letter too. Nothing will sink your chances of getting published like a query filled with errors. | Different agents want different things. Some love innovative, chatty query letters. Others want "just the facts." Your best strategy is to find an agent you would like to have represent you and read their query letter guidelines.
If you're having trouble finding agents and agent information on the Internet, buy the most recent copy of [Writer's Market](http://www.writersmarket.com/) you can afford. |
41,589,395 | im working on xamarin forms at the moment every time when i start a new xamarin form project i update the xamarin forms from the nuget package every things work fine until i started to work with maps and every time i install the xmarin.forms.maps after the install is finished i try to build my solution keeps throw 8 errors.droid
the problem is in the android platform only
Severity Code Description Project File Line Suppression State
Error Please install package: 'GPS Base' available in SDK installer. Android resource directory C:\Users\IBRAHIM\AppData\Local\Xamarin\Xamarin.GooglePlayServices.Base\8.4.0\content./ doesn't exist. WorkingWithMaps.Android
Error Please install package: 'GPS Maps' available in SDK installer. Java library file C:\Users\IBRAHIM\AppData\Local\Xamarin\Xamarin.GooglePlayServices.Maps\8.4.0\content\classes.jar doesn't exist. WorkingWithMaps.Android
Error Please install package: 'GPS Base' available in SDK installer. Java library file C:\Users\IBRAHIM\AppData\Local\Xamarin\Xamarin.GooglePlayServices.Base\8.4.0\content\classes.jar doesn't exist. WorkingWithMaps.Android
Error Please install package: 'GPS Basement' available in SDK installer. Android resource directory C:\Users\IBRAHIM\AppData\Local\Xamarin\Xamarin.GooglePlayServices.Basement\8.4.0\content./ doesn't exist. WorkingWithMaps.Android
Error Reason: File C:\Users\IBRAHIM\AppData\Local\Xamarin\zips\CAA441D76F04E0D57C4110F8A00CDA7A.zip is not a ZIP archive WorkingWithMaps.Android
Error Please install package: 'GPS Maps' available in SDK installer. Android resource directory C:\Users\IBRAHIM\AppData\Local\Xamarin\Xamarin.GooglePlayServices.Maps\8.4.0\content./ doesn't exist. WorkingWithMaps.Android
Error Please install package: 'GPS Basement' available in SDK installer. Java library file C:\Users\IBRAHIM\AppData\Local\Xamarin\Xamarin.GooglePlayServices.Basement\8.4.0\content\classes.jar doesn't exist. WorkingWithMaps.Android
Error Unzipping failed. Please download <https://dl-ssl.google.com/android/repository/google_m2repository_r24.zip> and extract it to the C:\Users\IBRAHIM\AppData\Local\Xamarin\Xamarin.GooglePlayServices.Base\8.4.0\content directory. WorkingWithMaps.Android
ive been stuck for 3 days now pleasee HELLPPPP MEEE OUT !!!
google play services base and basement folders are empty what should id | 2017/01/11 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/41589395",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/7335600/"
] | This is obviously not related to any SDK.The log clearly states the issue.
Your nuget packages are corrupted , this has happens when you try updating your xamarin forms to the latest version, along with other packages.
**First**
I would recommend starting a fresh project.
When installing Xamarin forms maps, ensure that all the version of the nuget package match, ensure there is no version mismatch. Do not update to the latest version. Find a mid-level stable version of the package needed and update to this. Now go to each Device specific component and check the references ensure there is no (!) under the referenced package.
**Second**
Navigate to your appdata directory
close visual studio.
C:\Users\john.doe\AppData\Local\ in this directory find the Xamarin folder.
Delete the "Xamarin" folder.
Open VS ===> Clean solution, and Rebuild the entire solution.
This will take a while, because you will re-download all the packages.
Viola!! Happy coding.
Thank you | i think you must have to update your SDK. then give proper permission for the map related implementation i hope that it will work fine in my case it is working good. |
41,589,395 | im working on xamarin forms at the moment every time when i start a new xamarin form project i update the xamarin forms from the nuget package every things work fine until i started to work with maps and every time i install the xmarin.forms.maps after the install is finished i try to build my solution keeps throw 8 errors.droid
the problem is in the android platform only
Severity Code Description Project File Line Suppression State
Error Please install package: 'GPS Base' available in SDK installer. Android resource directory C:\Users\IBRAHIM\AppData\Local\Xamarin\Xamarin.GooglePlayServices.Base\8.4.0\content./ doesn't exist. WorkingWithMaps.Android
Error Please install package: 'GPS Maps' available in SDK installer. Java library file C:\Users\IBRAHIM\AppData\Local\Xamarin\Xamarin.GooglePlayServices.Maps\8.4.0\content\classes.jar doesn't exist. WorkingWithMaps.Android
Error Please install package: 'GPS Base' available in SDK installer. Java library file C:\Users\IBRAHIM\AppData\Local\Xamarin\Xamarin.GooglePlayServices.Base\8.4.0\content\classes.jar doesn't exist. WorkingWithMaps.Android
Error Please install package: 'GPS Basement' available in SDK installer. Android resource directory C:\Users\IBRAHIM\AppData\Local\Xamarin\Xamarin.GooglePlayServices.Basement\8.4.0\content./ doesn't exist. WorkingWithMaps.Android
Error Reason: File C:\Users\IBRAHIM\AppData\Local\Xamarin\zips\CAA441D76F04E0D57C4110F8A00CDA7A.zip is not a ZIP archive WorkingWithMaps.Android
Error Please install package: 'GPS Maps' available in SDK installer. Android resource directory C:\Users\IBRAHIM\AppData\Local\Xamarin\Xamarin.GooglePlayServices.Maps\8.4.0\content./ doesn't exist. WorkingWithMaps.Android
Error Please install package: 'GPS Basement' available in SDK installer. Java library file C:\Users\IBRAHIM\AppData\Local\Xamarin\Xamarin.GooglePlayServices.Basement\8.4.0\content\classes.jar doesn't exist. WorkingWithMaps.Android
Error Unzipping failed. Please download <https://dl-ssl.google.com/android/repository/google_m2repository_r24.zip> and extract it to the C:\Users\IBRAHIM\AppData\Local\Xamarin\Xamarin.GooglePlayServices.Base\8.4.0\content directory. WorkingWithMaps.Android
ive been stuck for 3 days now pleasee HELLPPPP MEEE OUT !!!
google play services base and basement folders are empty what should id | 2017/01/11 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/41589395",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/7335600/"
] | I ended up having to do it by hand... Here are the steps though
1. Download zip file (<https://dl-ssl.google.com/android/repository/google_m2repository_r22.zip>)
2. Extra zip file
3. Go to folder you need the library for (let's say play-services-base)
4. Go to version (example: 8.1.0)
5. Rename file ending in .aar to .jar
6. Extract .jar file to a folder (I used 7Zip)
7. Copy all the contents of the folder
8. Go to "C:\Users{USER}\AppData\Local\Xamarin"
9. If doesn't exist, create needed folder (for "play-services-base" I created "Xamarin.GooglePlayServices.Base")
10. Created folder for version (Example: 8.1.0) and then a folder in that called "embedded"
11. Paste files from before into this folder
12. Go back to step 3 and keep repeating till all libraries are added
Ya it's a pain.... But it works | i think you must have to update your SDK. then give proper permission for the map related implementation i hope that it will work fine in my case it is working good. |
466,916 | We know that the speed of light depends on the density of the medium it is travelling through. It travels faster through less dense media and slower through more dense media.
When we produce sound, a series of rarefactions and compressions are created in the medium by the vibration of the source of sound. Compressions have high pressure and high density, while rarefactions have low pressure and low density.
If light is made to propagate through such a disturbance in the medium, does it experience refraction due to changes in the density of the medium? Why don't we observe this? | 2019/03/17 | [
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/466916",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/users/181963/"
] | Actually this effect has been discovered in 1932 with light diffracted by ultra-sound waves.
In order to get observable effects you need ultra-sound
with wavelengths in the μm range (i.e. not much longer than light waves),
and thus sound frequencies in the MHz range.
See for example here:
* [On the Scattering of Light by Supersonic Waves](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1076242/)
by Debye and Sears in 1932
>
> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/5ZhcG.png)
>
>
>
* [Propriétés optiques des milieux solides et liquides soumis aux
vibrations élastiques ultra sonores](https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/jpa-00233115)
(Optical properties of solid and liquid media subjected to ultrasonic elastic vibrations)
by Lucas and Biquard in 1932
translated from French:
>
> **Abstract** : This article describes the main optical properties presented by solid and liquid media, subjected to ultra sonic elastic vibrations whose frequencies range from 600,000 to 30 million per second. These ultra sounds were obtained by Langevin's method using piezoelectric quartz excited with high frequency. Under these conditions, and according to the relative sizes of the elastic wavelengths, the light wavelengths, and the opening of the light beam passing through the medium studied, different optical phenomena are observed. In the case of the smallest elastic wavelengths of up to a few tenths of a millimeter, grating-like light diffraction patterns are observed when the incident light rays run parallel to the elastic wave planes. ...
>
> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/3IP90.png)
>
>
>
* [The diffraction of light by high frequency sound waves: Part I](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF03035840)
by Raman and Nagendra Nathe in 1935
>
> A theory of the phenomenon of the diffraction of light by sound-waves of high frequency in a medium, discovered by Debye and Sears and Lucas and Biquard, is developed.
>
>
> | I have seen it with standing waves in water, a PhyWe demonstration experiment. The frequency 800 kHz, which gives a distance between nodes of about a millimeter. The standing wave is in a cuvette, between the head of a piezo hydrophone transducer and the bottom. When looking through the water, one sees the varying index of refraction as a "wavyness" of the background.
I could not find a description of this online, but I found this about demonstration experiments in air: <https://docplayer.org/52348266-Unsichtbares-sichtbar-machen-schallwellenfronten-im-bild.html> |
466,916 | We know that the speed of light depends on the density of the medium it is travelling through. It travels faster through less dense media and slower through more dense media.
When we produce sound, a series of rarefactions and compressions are created in the medium by the vibration of the source of sound. Compressions have high pressure and high density, while rarefactions have low pressure and low density.
If light is made to propagate through such a disturbance in the medium, does it experience refraction due to changes in the density of the medium? Why don't we observe this? | 2019/03/17 | [
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/466916",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/users/181963/"
] | Actually this effect has been discovered in 1932 with light diffracted by ultra-sound waves.
In order to get observable effects you need ultra-sound
with wavelengths in the μm range (i.e. not much longer than light waves),
and thus sound frequencies in the MHz range.
See for example here:
* [On the Scattering of Light by Supersonic Waves](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1076242/)
by Debye and Sears in 1932
>
> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/5ZhcG.png)
>
>
>
* [Propriétés optiques des milieux solides et liquides soumis aux
vibrations élastiques ultra sonores](https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/jpa-00233115)
(Optical properties of solid and liquid media subjected to ultrasonic elastic vibrations)
by Lucas and Biquard in 1932
translated from French:
>
> **Abstract** : This article describes the main optical properties presented by solid and liquid media, subjected to ultra sonic elastic vibrations whose frequencies range from 600,000 to 30 million per second. These ultra sounds were obtained by Langevin's method using piezoelectric quartz excited with high frequency. Under these conditions, and according to the relative sizes of the elastic wavelengths, the light wavelengths, and the opening of the light beam passing through the medium studied, different optical phenomena are observed. In the case of the smallest elastic wavelengths of up to a few tenths of a millimeter, grating-like light diffraction patterns are observed when the incident light rays run parallel to the elastic wave planes. ...
>
> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/3IP90.png)
>
>
>
* [The diffraction of light by high frequency sound waves: Part I](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF03035840)
by Raman and Nagendra Nathe in 1935
>
> A theory of the phenomenon of the diffraction of light by sound-waves of high frequency in a medium, discovered by Debye and Sears and Lucas and Biquard, is developed.
>
>
> | A few factors contribute to this:
* Air has low index of refraction therefore optical effects arising from its mechanical pressure will be weak;
* Even loud sounds have low mechanical pressure. Wolfram Alpha database lists 200 pascals as pressure of jet airplane at 100 meters, which works out as ~0.5% pressure difference between peak and trough;
* Waves do not cause harsh boundary between high and low pressures;
* Sources of loud sounds typically cause other phenomena that obscure this. Combustion creates light and heat, and rapid pressure release can force water in the air to become opaque.
Even with all that, it *is* possible to magnify the effect using distant point light and either by merely [observing refracted patterns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shadowgraph) or creating a setup where [half of the refocused image is blocked](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlieren_photography). Using the second technique it is [possible to observe clap of hands](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=px3oVGXr4mo). |
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