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132,091 | I had a lot of trouble formulating this question, hopefully the title is representative to the question asked.
Currently I'm assisting / managing an intern with his first big 'web design' project. All the way from concept to creation. It started great, the intern is super motivated.
However I noticed that when we went from wire-frame to design, there was a lack of consistency in the way the elements were made. The same element was different nearly every time.
Let me give you an example, the intern could not 'see' the difference between a font-size of 12px and 16px. The intern could not notice the difference between Ariel and Roboto. So, say you have a 'news' element the same element was repeated 3 times on the page but every time the element was shown it was different (color / font-size / spacing etc.)
I keep finding consistency errors in every feedback moment we have. It is troubling me because I'm running out of suggestions to tackle the core problem. I already said: Make sure you group the element and copy it instead of re-creating the element.
Other suggestions include, create a linked element so if you change it in one location it changes everywhere.
When he creates a heading (H2) he might use #333333 for one and then use #707070 for the next H2 heading.
Do you have any system you use so you can keep consistency or do you have a similar experience?
Additional information
----------------------
There seems to be a discussion going regarding CSS vs Image based built-outs. The intern does know some CSS, enough to create a simple layout. However not enough to be free from any restraints of designing the webpage. So for this specific intern the design happens in a tool, after that it will be made by a front-end developer.
Different interns have different aspirations, I / We try to motivate them to show there is no limitation for their creativity. I only require the top 3 designs made that fulfill the users needs as researched in an earlier process. We then discuss these designs and in most cases merge different elements together to create the best design.
I rather spend the time discussing why he picked a certain element instead of explaining how he can make a certain element. So if that means using a tool like Sketch / Affinity Designer etc. its fine.
Regarding the experience of the intern 3 years of school education.
Question title was originally:
Can you / how do you teach consistency in webdesign? | 2019/12/17 | [
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/questions/132091",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/users/123133/"
] | To me this sounds like a validation and information issue, not a design one. While the font size and style issues should be visually apparent, even if they're not, the intern should have the tools to verify the styles. If the intern is able to be this inconsistent, it shows that there is a lacking proper use of CSS, as proper CSS usage revolves around usage of defined styles to multiple elements of the same intended style. The fact that this isn't done is the root of the issue in my opinion. However, even if this isn't done, the person should still have the tools and knowledge to validate this themselves.
Thus, to me the issue is multiple:
* Maybe your specification isn't specific enough. Are the font types, styles, and sizes mentioned even in the wireframe stage?
* The fact that they are inconsistent for same styled elements means improper usage of CSS. For example, all H2's should be the same, defined by a global H2 style, and overriden when needed.
* The fact that they allow different styles to get passed them also points to an issue with validating their own styles. I don't need to even see that X is a different style, I explicitly would view the style settings of X and validate it matches specifications. | >
> the design happens in a tool, after that it will be made by a front-end developer.
>
>
>
This assumes something such as Photoshop, Illustrator, Sketch, Affinity is being used to create a mock-up.
In order to teach consistency with this workflow, you really need to impress upon the intern **attention to detail** and the need to *duplicate then change* elements rather than constructing them multiple times.
For example, create one "newsfeed block", group it, then duplicate it for the second newsfeed block.
Use of application features *designed* to help consistency, such as Paragraph/Character styles help ensure type remains consistent. If the "tool" offers features such as Symbols, then utilizing those will assist as well. Symbols being one item that is merely placed as instances -- change the symbol, all instances change as well.
Beyond this, it's really just hammering in "attention to detail". Often it can take a extra "pass" over something for a designer to catch some small inconsistencies. Unfortunately, if a designer doesn't "see" the difference between 12pt and 16pt type or Arial and Roboto faces.. well.. that may take far more patience. Most designers start seeing those differences after a few months in the field. Even if they don't know *what* the difference is, they can generally tell there *is* a difference.
---
Not to be too harsh.... but it's also important to realize that not everyone who *wants* to be a designer has the capacity. There *are* restrictions when designing *anything*. Restrictions that often *must* be foremost in the designer's mind. Nothing is typically done with rampant creativity. There are *always* medium restrictions. Failure to grasp medium restrictions can often mean the work is unusable, or less usable, due to a consistent need to "fix" or "correct" it, increasing costs.
---
I'm not overly fond of the "image mock up" workflow. I don't personally feel it's a creativity hurdle, especially if a wireframe has been determined. If element positions and sizes have been determined via a wireframe, the only items left are font choices and colors and possibly sprite images, all easily altered via a Style Sheet. In addition, things can be *explored* in an image editor, then implemented in an HTML/CSS build out. The time spent constructing an entire image mock up is often wasted time/cost. But, this is merely my opinion and admittedly depends upon the *type* of sites being created. If they are image-rich there may be a need for more give where this is concerned. |
132,091 | I had a lot of trouble formulating this question, hopefully the title is representative to the question asked.
Currently I'm assisting / managing an intern with his first big 'web design' project. All the way from concept to creation. It started great, the intern is super motivated.
However I noticed that when we went from wire-frame to design, there was a lack of consistency in the way the elements were made. The same element was different nearly every time.
Let me give you an example, the intern could not 'see' the difference between a font-size of 12px and 16px. The intern could not notice the difference between Ariel and Roboto. So, say you have a 'news' element the same element was repeated 3 times on the page but every time the element was shown it was different (color / font-size / spacing etc.)
I keep finding consistency errors in every feedback moment we have. It is troubling me because I'm running out of suggestions to tackle the core problem. I already said: Make sure you group the element and copy it instead of re-creating the element.
Other suggestions include, create a linked element so if you change it in one location it changes everywhere.
When he creates a heading (H2) he might use #333333 for one and then use #707070 for the next H2 heading.
Do you have any system you use so you can keep consistency or do you have a similar experience?
Additional information
----------------------
There seems to be a discussion going regarding CSS vs Image based built-outs. The intern does know some CSS, enough to create a simple layout. However not enough to be free from any restraints of designing the webpage. So for this specific intern the design happens in a tool, after that it will be made by a front-end developer.
Different interns have different aspirations, I / We try to motivate them to show there is no limitation for their creativity. I only require the top 3 designs made that fulfill the users needs as researched in an earlier process. We then discuss these designs and in most cases merge different elements together to create the best design.
I rather spend the time discussing why he picked a certain element instead of explaining how he can make a certain element. So if that means using a tool like Sketch / Affinity Designer etc. its fine.
Regarding the experience of the intern 3 years of school education.
Question title was originally:
Can you / how do you teach consistency in webdesign? | 2019/12/17 | [
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/questions/132091",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/users/123133/"
] | Can you teach consistency? Yes. That's what the internship is for.
Design is not something that requires *talent* to perform well; with enough practice your intern can become a great designer. Keep pointing his mistakes so he knows where it's wrong, but also give him some training exercises (there are [a few](https://www.xrite.com/hue-test) [color matching games](https://color.method.ac/) and [other skills](https://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2015/01/5-fun-games-for-designers.html), you can also set a few lines of text and ask the intern to tell which one is which size).
Practice makes perfect. Eventually if your intern pays enough attention and is interested enough, he'll get better at it. | Everybody with normal eyesight can *see*, but most people (including your intern) never learn how to *look.*
If you want somebody to see inconsistencies, you have to teach them to look for them.
You can also get the point across by (gently) challenging the intern to justify his/her decisions, along the lines of "*why* did you choose to make these two entities different sizes/fonts/colours/whatever?" It may be that there isn't any conscious choice involved, and learning that "no reason" is never a *good* reason is another basic lesson for your intern. |
132,091 | I had a lot of trouble formulating this question, hopefully the title is representative to the question asked.
Currently I'm assisting / managing an intern with his first big 'web design' project. All the way from concept to creation. It started great, the intern is super motivated.
However I noticed that when we went from wire-frame to design, there was a lack of consistency in the way the elements were made. The same element was different nearly every time.
Let me give you an example, the intern could not 'see' the difference between a font-size of 12px and 16px. The intern could not notice the difference between Ariel and Roboto. So, say you have a 'news' element the same element was repeated 3 times on the page but every time the element was shown it was different (color / font-size / spacing etc.)
I keep finding consistency errors in every feedback moment we have. It is troubling me because I'm running out of suggestions to tackle the core problem. I already said: Make sure you group the element and copy it instead of re-creating the element.
Other suggestions include, create a linked element so if you change it in one location it changes everywhere.
When he creates a heading (H2) he might use #333333 for one and then use #707070 for the next H2 heading.
Do you have any system you use so you can keep consistency or do you have a similar experience?
Additional information
----------------------
There seems to be a discussion going regarding CSS vs Image based built-outs. The intern does know some CSS, enough to create a simple layout. However not enough to be free from any restraints of designing the webpage. So for this specific intern the design happens in a tool, after that it will be made by a front-end developer.
Different interns have different aspirations, I / We try to motivate them to show there is no limitation for their creativity. I only require the top 3 designs made that fulfill the users needs as researched in an earlier process. We then discuss these designs and in most cases merge different elements together to create the best design.
I rather spend the time discussing why he picked a certain element instead of explaining how he can make a certain element. So if that means using a tool like Sketch / Affinity Designer etc. its fine.
Regarding the experience of the intern 3 years of school education.
Question title was originally:
Can you / how do you teach consistency in webdesign? | 2019/12/17 | [
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/questions/132091",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/users/123133/"
] | Can you teach consistency? Yes. That's what the internship is for.
Design is not something that requires *talent* to perform well; with enough practice your intern can become a great designer. Keep pointing his mistakes so he knows where it's wrong, but also give him some training exercises (there are [a few](https://www.xrite.com/hue-test) [color matching games](https://color.method.ac/) and [other skills](https://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2015/01/5-fun-games-for-designers.html), you can also set a few lines of text and ask the intern to tell which one is which size).
Practice makes perfect. Eventually if your intern pays enough attention and is interested enough, he'll get better at it. | To me this sounds like a validation and information issue, not a design one. While the font size and style issues should be visually apparent, even if they're not, the intern should have the tools to verify the styles. If the intern is able to be this inconsistent, it shows that there is a lacking proper use of CSS, as proper CSS usage revolves around usage of defined styles to multiple elements of the same intended style. The fact that this isn't done is the root of the issue in my opinion. However, even if this isn't done, the person should still have the tools and knowledge to validate this themselves.
Thus, to me the issue is multiple:
* Maybe your specification isn't specific enough. Are the font types, styles, and sizes mentioned even in the wireframe stage?
* The fact that they are inconsistent for same styled elements means improper usage of CSS. For example, all H2's should be the same, defined by a global H2 style, and overriden when needed.
* The fact that they allow different styles to get passed them also points to an issue with validating their own styles. I don't need to even see that X is a different style, I explicitly would view the style settings of X and validate it matches specifications. |
132,091 | I had a lot of trouble formulating this question, hopefully the title is representative to the question asked.
Currently I'm assisting / managing an intern with his first big 'web design' project. All the way from concept to creation. It started great, the intern is super motivated.
However I noticed that when we went from wire-frame to design, there was a lack of consistency in the way the elements were made. The same element was different nearly every time.
Let me give you an example, the intern could not 'see' the difference between a font-size of 12px and 16px. The intern could not notice the difference between Ariel and Roboto. So, say you have a 'news' element the same element was repeated 3 times on the page but every time the element was shown it was different (color / font-size / spacing etc.)
I keep finding consistency errors in every feedback moment we have. It is troubling me because I'm running out of suggestions to tackle the core problem. I already said: Make sure you group the element and copy it instead of re-creating the element.
Other suggestions include, create a linked element so if you change it in one location it changes everywhere.
When he creates a heading (H2) he might use #333333 for one and then use #707070 for the next H2 heading.
Do you have any system you use so you can keep consistency or do you have a similar experience?
Additional information
----------------------
There seems to be a discussion going regarding CSS vs Image based built-outs. The intern does know some CSS, enough to create a simple layout. However not enough to be free from any restraints of designing the webpage. So for this specific intern the design happens in a tool, after that it will be made by a front-end developer.
Different interns have different aspirations, I / We try to motivate them to show there is no limitation for their creativity. I only require the top 3 designs made that fulfill the users needs as researched in an earlier process. We then discuss these designs and in most cases merge different elements together to create the best design.
I rather spend the time discussing why he picked a certain element instead of explaining how he can make a certain element. So if that means using a tool like Sketch / Affinity Designer etc. its fine.
Regarding the experience of the intern 3 years of school education.
Question title was originally:
Can you / how do you teach consistency in webdesign? | 2019/12/17 | [
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/questions/132091",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/users/123133/"
] | Everybody with normal eyesight can *see*, but most people (including your intern) never learn how to *look.*
If you want somebody to see inconsistencies, you have to teach them to look for them.
You can also get the point across by (gently) challenging the intern to justify his/her decisions, along the lines of "*why* did you choose to make these two entities different sizes/fonts/colours/whatever?" It may be that there isn't any conscious choice involved, and learning that "no reason" is never a *good* reason is another basic lesson for your intern. | >
> the design happens in a tool, after that it will be made by a front-end developer.
>
>
>
This assumes something such as Photoshop, Illustrator, Sketch, Affinity is being used to create a mock-up.
In order to teach consistency with this workflow, you really need to impress upon the intern **attention to detail** and the need to *duplicate then change* elements rather than constructing them multiple times.
For example, create one "newsfeed block", group it, then duplicate it for the second newsfeed block.
Use of application features *designed* to help consistency, such as Paragraph/Character styles help ensure type remains consistent. If the "tool" offers features such as Symbols, then utilizing those will assist as well. Symbols being one item that is merely placed as instances -- change the symbol, all instances change as well.
Beyond this, it's really just hammering in "attention to detail". Often it can take a extra "pass" over something for a designer to catch some small inconsistencies. Unfortunately, if a designer doesn't "see" the difference between 12pt and 16pt type or Arial and Roboto faces.. well.. that may take far more patience. Most designers start seeing those differences after a few months in the field. Even if they don't know *what* the difference is, they can generally tell there *is* a difference.
---
Not to be too harsh.... but it's also important to realize that not everyone who *wants* to be a designer has the capacity. There *are* restrictions when designing *anything*. Restrictions that often *must* be foremost in the designer's mind. Nothing is typically done with rampant creativity. There are *always* medium restrictions. Failure to grasp medium restrictions can often mean the work is unusable, or less usable, due to a consistent need to "fix" or "correct" it, increasing costs.
---
I'm not overly fond of the "image mock up" workflow. I don't personally feel it's a creativity hurdle, especially if a wireframe has been determined. If element positions and sizes have been determined via a wireframe, the only items left are font choices and colors and possibly sprite images, all easily altered via a Style Sheet. In addition, things can be *explored* in an image editor, then implemented in an HTML/CSS build out. The time spent constructing an entire image mock up is often wasted time/cost. But, this is merely my opinion and admittedly depends upon the *type* of sites being created. If they are image-rich there may be a need for more give where this is concerned. |
132,091 | I had a lot of trouble formulating this question, hopefully the title is representative to the question asked.
Currently I'm assisting / managing an intern with his first big 'web design' project. All the way from concept to creation. It started great, the intern is super motivated.
However I noticed that when we went from wire-frame to design, there was a lack of consistency in the way the elements were made. The same element was different nearly every time.
Let me give you an example, the intern could not 'see' the difference between a font-size of 12px and 16px. The intern could not notice the difference between Ariel and Roboto. So, say you have a 'news' element the same element was repeated 3 times on the page but every time the element was shown it was different (color / font-size / spacing etc.)
I keep finding consistency errors in every feedback moment we have. It is troubling me because I'm running out of suggestions to tackle the core problem. I already said: Make sure you group the element and copy it instead of re-creating the element.
Other suggestions include, create a linked element so if you change it in one location it changes everywhere.
When he creates a heading (H2) he might use #333333 for one and then use #707070 for the next H2 heading.
Do you have any system you use so you can keep consistency or do you have a similar experience?
Additional information
----------------------
There seems to be a discussion going regarding CSS vs Image based built-outs. The intern does know some CSS, enough to create a simple layout. However not enough to be free from any restraints of designing the webpage. So for this specific intern the design happens in a tool, after that it will be made by a front-end developer.
Different interns have different aspirations, I / We try to motivate them to show there is no limitation for their creativity. I only require the top 3 designs made that fulfill the users needs as researched in an earlier process. We then discuss these designs and in most cases merge different elements together to create the best design.
I rather spend the time discussing why he picked a certain element instead of explaining how he can make a certain element. So if that means using a tool like Sketch / Affinity Designer etc. its fine.
Regarding the experience of the intern 3 years of school education.
Question title was originally:
Can you / how do you teach consistency in webdesign? | 2019/12/17 | [
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/questions/132091",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/users/123133/"
] | Can you teach consistency? Yes. That's what the internship is for.
Design is not something that requires *talent* to perform well; with enough practice your intern can become a great designer. Keep pointing his mistakes so he knows where it's wrong, but also give him some training exercises (there are [a few](https://www.xrite.com/hue-test) [color matching games](https://color.method.ac/) and [other skills](https://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2015/01/5-fun-games-for-designers.html), you can also set a few lines of text and ask the intern to tell which one is which size).
Practice makes perfect. Eventually if your intern pays enough attention and is interested enough, he'll get better at it. | I don't think there's a single method here.
If this person is an intern, presumably (s)he is there to learn the job from other more experienced people in the team, manager included. Yes, the job sometimes involves the 'boring' part of checking that all your headlines are actually in the same font size and color.
As an intern, (s)he should be open to learning what consistency is, why clients pay money for consistency and how consistency should be applied via predefined styles, which are available in most editing software and very useful for consistency in color, font size, spacing and so on.
I'd say the quick answer is to implement and re-use styles where possible. |
132,091 | I had a lot of trouble formulating this question, hopefully the title is representative to the question asked.
Currently I'm assisting / managing an intern with his first big 'web design' project. All the way from concept to creation. It started great, the intern is super motivated.
However I noticed that when we went from wire-frame to design, there was a lack of consistency in the way the elements were made. The same element was different nearly every time.
Let me give you an example, the intern could not 'see' the difference between a font-size of 12px and 16px. The intern could not notice the difference between Ariel and Roboto. So, say you have a 'news' element the same element was repeated 3 times on the page but every time the element was shown it was different (color / font-size / spacing etc.)
I keep finding consistency errors in every feedback moment we have. It is troubling me because I'm running out of suggestions to tackle the core problem. I already said: Make sure you group the element and copy it instead of re-creating the element.
Other suggestions include, create a linked element so if you change it in one location it changes everywhere.
When he creates a heading (H2) he might use #333333 for one and then use #707070 for the next H2 heading.
Do you have any system you use so you can keep consistency or do you have a similar experience?
Additional information
----------------------
There seems to be a discussion going regarding CSS vs Image based built-outs. The intern does know some CSS, enough to create a simple layout. However not enough to be free from any restraints of designing the webpage. So for this specific intern the design happens in a tool, after that it will be made by a front-end developer.
Different interns have different aspirations, I / We try to motivate them to show there is no limitation for their creativity. I only require the top 3 designs made that fulfill the users needs as researched in an earlier process. We then discuss these designs and in most cases merge different elements together to create the best design.
I rather spend the time discussing why he picked a certain element instead of explaining how he can make a certain element. So if that means using a tool like Sketch / Affinity Designer etc. its fine.
Regarding the experience of the intern 3 years of school education.
Question title was originally:
Can you / how do you teach consistency in webdesign? | 2019/12/17 | [
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/questions/132091",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/users/123133/"
] | Can you teach consistency? Yes. That's what the internship is for.
Design is not something that requires *talent* to perform well; with enough practice your intern can become a great designer. Keep pointing his mistakes so he knows where it's wrong, but also give him some training exercises (there are [a few](https://www.xrite.com/hue-test) [color matching games](https://color.method.ac/) and [other skills](https://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2015/01/5-fun-games-for-designers.html), you can also set a few lines of text and ask the intern to tell which one is which size).
Practice makes perfect. Eventually if your intern pays enough attention and is interested enough, he'll get better at it. | >
> the design happens in a tool, after that it will be made by a front-end developer.
>
>
>
This assumes something such as Photoshop, Illustrator, Sketch, Affinity is being used to create a mock-up.
In order to teach consistency with this workflow, you really need to impress upon the intern **attention to detail** and the need to *duplicate then change* elements rather than constructing them multiple times.
For example, create one "newsfeed block", group it, then duplicate it for the second newsfeed block.
Use of application features *designed* to help consistency, such as Paragraph/Character styles help ensure type remains consistent. If the "tool" offers features such as Symbols, then utilizing those will assist as well. Symbols being one item that is merely placed as instances -- change the symbol, all instances change as well.
Beyond this, it's really just hammering in "attention to detail". Often it can take a extra "pass" over something for a designer to catch some small inconsistencies. Unfortunately, if a designer doesn't "see" the difference between 12pt and 16pt type or Arial and Roboto faces.. well.. that may take far more patience. Most designers start seeing those differences after a few months in the field. Even if they don't know *what* the difference is, they can generally tell there *is* a difference.
---
Not to be too harsh.... but it's also important to realize that not everyone who *wants* to be a designer has the capacity. There *are* restrictions when designing *anything*. Restrictions that often *must* be foremost in the designer's mind. Nothing is typically done with rampant creativity. There are *always* medium restrictions. Failure to grasp medium restrictions can often mean the work is unusable, or less usable, due to a consistent need to "fix" or "correct" it, increasing costs.
---
I'm not overly fond of the "image mock up" workflow. I don't personally feel it's a creativity hurdle, especially if a wireframe has been determined. If element positions and sizes have been determined via a wireframe, the only items left are font choices and colors and possibly sprite images, all easily altered via a Style Sheet. In addition, things can be *explored* in an image editor, then implemented in an HTML/CSS build out. The time spent constructing an entire image mock up is often wasted time/cost. But, this is merely my opinion and admittedly depends upon the *type* of sites being created. If they are image-rich there may be a need for more give where this is concerned. |
94,648 | I am using an Intel-based MacBook. While I was installing the regular updates received from Apple, the installation halted for some reason. (I don't know what would be the reason, but the installation process stopped at 42% and was not moving further.) Hence I did a forced shutdown.
Whenever I restart my MacBook now, I see the following message on my screen:
>
> Panic(cpu 0 caller 0x001ABCD4):Kernel trap at 0x00000000, type 14=page fault, registers:
> CR0: 08001003b, CR2: 0x00000000, CR3: 0x00d00000, CR4: 0x00000660
>
> .....
>
> like some more message.
>
>
> Mac OS version:
>
> Not Yet set.
>
>
>
Please help me to restore my system back since it has most of my important data. | 2010/01/12 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/94648",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/-1/"
] | Try to boot into Safe Mode, by holding down Shift while starting your Mac. From [Mac OS X: What is Safe Boot, Safe Mode?](http://support.apple.com/kb/HT1564):
>
> Safe Boot is a special way to start up in Mac OS X 10.2 or later when troubleshooting. Safe Mode is the state Mac OS X is in after a Safe Boot. To perform a Safe Boot, hold the Shift key as your Mac starts up.
>
>
> Starting up into Safe Mode does several things:
>
>
> * [..]
> * Mac OS X 10.5.6 or later: A Safe Boot deletes the dynamic loader shared cache at (/var/db/dyld/). A cache with issues may cause a blue screen on startup, particularly after a Software Update. Restarting normally recreates this cache.
>
>
>
If Safe Mode works, then first backup your data. Note however:
>
> * Safe Mode in Mac OS X 10.6 or later also disables File Sharing access. This means you will not be able to mount Time Capsule disks or volumes being served by other computers running Mac OS X.
>
>
>
Next, try to boot normally to see what happens then. | The solution would probably be to grab your data and reinstall Mac OS. Since the drive is likely physically intact, you might as well clone the data to another drive, then copy it back after your reinstallation. Steps:
1. Get an external drive of the same size as your MacBook hard drive or larger.
2. Boot your computer using your Leopard disc.
3. Use Disk Utility to clone your MacBook hard drive to the external (under the Restore tab).
4. Disconnect the external.
5. Reinstall Mac OS X from your disc onto your MacBook.
6. Reboot into your fresh OS, connect your external, and grab what you need.
I'll admit this is extreme. Hopefully someone else can help diagnose the kernel panic and perhaps help you revert to your pre-update state, but these steps will at least help you get your data. |
336,595 | Is there a good tool to compare *specifically* web.config files to find specifically which settings are different values and which file has settings that don't appear in both.
XML comparison should do the trick, or an XSLT might work. There must be a tool for web.config settings out there? | 2008/12/03 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/336595",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/5055/"
] | [WinMerge](http://winmerge.org/downloads/) will help you best if you format both your files... you can format in Visual Studio itself and then compare in WinMerge... | Use [winmerge](http://winmerge.org/).
You should get used to version control, subversion and [tortoisesvn](http://tortoisesvn.tigris.org/) are recommended, and [ankhsvn](http://ankhsvn.open.collab.net/) provides svn access from Visual Studio. |
336,595 | Is there a good tool to compare *specifically* web.config files to find specifically which settings are different values and which file has settings that don't appear in both.
XML comparison should do the trick, or an XSLT might work. There must be a tool for web.config settings out there? | 2008/12/03 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/336595",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/5055/"
] | [BeyondCompare](http://www.scootersoftware.com/moreinfo.php) amongst many other utils | Wikipedia has a [comparison of file comparison tools](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_file_comparison_tools). Take your pick :o) |
336,595 | Is there a good tool to compare *specifically* web.config files to find specifically which settings are different values and which file has settings that don't appear in both.
XML comparison should do the trick, or an XSLT might work. There must be a tool for web.config settings out there? | 2008/12/03 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/336595",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/5055/"
] | [WinMerge](http://winmerge.org/downloads/) will help you best if you format both your files... you can format in Visual Studio itself and then compare in WinMerge... | **Use diff**
It will neatly point out the exact lines and text that is different.
[Diff Utilities](http://www.gnu.org/software/diffutils/diffutils.html) are available for windows as well. [**Download here**.](http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net/packages/diffutils.htm) |
336,595 | Is there a good tool to compare *specifically* web.config files to find specifically which settings are different values and which file has settings that don't appear in both.
XML comparison should do the trick, or an XSLT might work. There must be a tool for web.config settings out there? | 2008/12/03 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/336595",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/5055/"
] | In my experience, Araxis merge is the best tool for comparing any documents:
<http://www.araxis.com/merge/index.html>
Use it myself at work. | **Use diff**
It will neatly point out the exact lines and text that is different.
[Diff Utilities](http://www.gnu.org/software/diffutils/diffutils.html) are available for windows as well. [**Download here**.](http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net/packages/diffutils.htm) |
336,595 | Is there a good tool to compare *specifically* web.config files to find specifically which settings are different values and which file has settings that don't appear in both.
XML comparison should do the trick, or an XSLT might work. There must be a tool for web.config settings out there? | 2008/12/03 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/336595",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/5055/"
] | In my experience, Araxis merge is the best tool for comparing any documents:
<http://www.araxis.com/merge/index.html>
Use it myself at work. | Wikipedia has a [comparison of file comparison tools](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_file_comparison_tools). Take your pick :o) |
336,595 | Is there a good tool to compare *specifically* web.config files to find specifically which settings are different values and which file has settings that don't appear in both.
XML comparison should do the trick, or an XSLT might work. There must be a tool for web.config settings out there? | 2008/12/03 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/336595",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/5055/"
] | <https://github.com/CameronWills/FatAntelope>
This tool will compare two web.config files and generate a web.config transform from the difference.
Disclaimer:
I wrote it... I wanted to compare two web.config files and generate a transform. But I couldn't find anything out to help much beyond standard text file diff tools (WinMerge etc) which dont work very well for XML. So I created one :) | [WinMerge](http://winmerge.org/downloads/) will help you best if you format both your files... you can format in Visual Studio itself and then compare in WinMerge... |
336,595 | Is there a good tool to compare *specifically* web.config files to find specifically which settings are different values and which file has settings that don't appear in both.
XML comparison should do the trick, or an XSLT might work. There must be a tool for web.config settings out there? | 2008/12/03 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/336595",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/5055/"
] | [WinMerge](http://winmerge.org/downloads/) will help you best if you format both your files... you can format in Visual Studio itself and then compare in WinMerge... | In my experience, Araxis merge is the best tool for comparing any documents:
<http://www.araxis.com/merge/index.html>
Use it myself at work. |
336,595 | Is there a good tool to compare *specifically* web.config files to find specifically which settings are different values and which file has settings that don't appear in both.
XML comparison should do the trick, or an XSLT might work. There must be a tool for web.config settings out there? | 2008/12/03 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/336595",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/5055/"
] | <https://github.com/CameronWills/FatAntelope>
This tool will compare two web.config files and generate a web.config transform from the difference.
Disclaimer:
I wrote it... I wanted to compare two web.config files and generate a transform. But I couldn't find anything out to help much beyond standard text file diff tools (WinMerge etc) which dont work very well for XML. So I created one :) | Use [winmerge](http://winmerge.org/).
You should get used to version control, subversion and [tortoisesvn](http://tortoisesvn.tigris.org/) are recommended, and [ankhsvn](http://ankhsvn.open.collab.net/) provides svn access from Visual Studio. |
336,595 | Is there a good tool to compare *specifically* web.config files to find specifically which settings are different values and which file has settings that don't appear in both.
XML comparison should do the trick, or an XSLT might work. There must be a tool for web.config settings out there? | 2008/12/03 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/336595",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/5055/"
] | <https://github.com/CameronWills/FatAntelope>
This tool will compare two web.config files and generate a web.config transform from the difference.
Disclaimer:
I wrote it... I wanted to compare two web.config files and generate a transform. But I couldn't find anything out to help much beyond standard text file diff tools (WinMerge etc) which dont work very well for XML. So I created one :) | Wikipedia has a [comparison of file comparison tools](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_file_comparison_tools). Take your pick :o) |
336,595 | Is there a good tool to compare *specifically* web.config files to find specifically which settings are different values and which file has settings that don't appear in both.
XML comparison should do the trick, or an XSLT might work. There must be a tool for web.config settings out there? | 2008/12/03 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/336595",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/5055/"
] | <https://github.com/CameronWills/FatAntelope>
This tool will compare two web.config files and generate a web.config transform from the difference.
Disclaimer:
I wrote it... I wanted to compare two web.config files and generate a transform. But I couldn't find anything out to help much beyond standard text file diff tools (WinMerge etc) which dont work very well for XML. So I created one :) | **Use diff**
It will neatly point out the exact lines and text that is different.
[Diff Utilities](http://www.gnu.org/software/diffutils/diffutils.html) are available for windows as well. [**Download here**.](http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net/packages/diffutils.htm) |
127,414 | I want to add an edge from A to B and i want the line to be perpendicular to the target edge. so it should make 90 deg angle like in the image. How to do this ? do i need addons ? Does anyone know the good one ?
Thanks.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Q4fUA.png) | 2018/12/30 | [
"https://blender.stackexchange.com/questions/127414",
"https://blender.stackexchange.com",
"https://blender.stackexchange.com/users/50773/"
] | In addition to using bevel (@RobinBetts answer), you can also use **Inset**.
In face selection select all your geometry minus the ring of faces inside the hole, then inset `I`. This gives you loops on both sides of the hole. | Scale the hole up using `Shift+Y` (image one), select its two edge loops. Use extrude + scale to the **inside** (image two) and bridge the loops. The second scale is the ScaleOne-1. Scaling up remember to keep the loop within your face.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/m7N1x.jpg)
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/AklB6.jpg) |
158,760 | I am looking for any examples or guides to using Linq over WCF (n-tier application). Please specify if you are showing something for Linq-to-SQL or Linq-to-entities. I would like to see usage examples for both.
I am wondering how things like deffered execution works over WCF (if it works at all)? Cyclic references support and so on...
Any information to make this a quick start guide to using Linq with WCF is helpful. | 2008/10/01 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/158760",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/19854/"
] | You can add a Linq to SQL class to a WCF service. Then go to your datacontext in the Linq to SQL class and in the properties set Serialization Mode to Unidirectional.
The entities in your Linq to SQL class will now be available through the WCF service :) | ADO.NET Data services is probably your best bet. There was a codeplex project [interlinq](http://www.codeplex.com/interlinq) to be able to use arbitrary LINQ expressions with WCF which could then be processed by another LINQ provider, like LINQ to NHibernate or LINQ to SQL. Sadly this project does not appear to be very active.
Good luck. |
11,144 | Hi everyone I have a large dining chair where the factory drilled a hole that attaches the back 2-3mm off. The idea is to fully close up the hole and re-drill in proper place. The 2 holes will overlap.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/CDg4r.png)
I am looking for most structurally sound solution, it will be under the chair so looks do no matter. I saw some methods such as using dowels, toothpicks, wood filler etc.
The one that looked best for slow structural repairs looked like this one <https://woodworking.stackexchange.com/a/3809/9309>
Am I correct or is there a better way? Also my concern is redrilling and putting a screw into epoxy. Would it be too brittle? How well would it hold? | 2020/10/21 | [
"https://woodworking.stackexchange.com/questions/11144",
"https://woodworking.stackexchange.com",
"https://woodworking.stackexchange.com/users/9309/"
] | Use a hardwood dowel and PVA *wood* glue. I mean, you could use hide glue if you want, but don't use epoxy. We want something that is strong and workable like wood. Epoxy will be hard, but it won't be easy to work. And the strength here is about a tight glue joint, not super hard cured glue. We want it to be able to saw, drill, and scrape like wood.
In my opinion, typical wood filler isn't going to hold the head of a torqued down screw very well, and it does not really adhere well to the surrounding wood. (Perhaps there are some more exotic types of filler, but then we are getting away from what should be a very simple, time-tested, and common fix: wood glue and a dowel.)
Slightly shape and chamfer a dowel so it goes into the hole snugly. You want a nice tight interference fit, but not so tight it pushes all the glue out.
Install it with enough glue to evenly wet all the mating surfaces (use a small paintbrush if necessary) with only a little squeeze-out, and let set. Once the glue is set to a workable amount (see the description on your glue bottle) flush cut the proud part of the dowel, and scrape flush if necessary.
As for fasteners, it depends on how this hole is being used. If it is intended to give access for a *wood* screw to go through and fasten to wood behind it, you drill out the hole to the dimensions of the *threads*. The idea with wood screws is that the head exerts the force on the top piece (with few, if any, threads engaging with the top material) drawing the two pieces together. | >
> I am looking for most structurally sound solution
>
>
>
And you should be, given this is a chair. If you want a wood-only solution you want to use a face-grain plug, not a dowel.
When you use a dowel it is the reverse of the grain direction of the surrounding wood, so you get end grain facing outwards. A screw won't hold in end grain as strongly as into long-grain wood. Now normally this **isn't** as much of an issue as often thought (here's why1), but a chair is one of the cases where you want to go for the strongest solution possible, as you've specifically asked for.
In addition there's a practical issue in terms of actually making the new hole.
When drilling like this, where the new drilled hole partially overlaps the previous one and you have a dowel plugging said hole the drill bit has a nasty tendency to wander into the dowel. This is because end grain is much easier to drill into than face grain. So it's hard to ensure the hole ends up quite where you want it, or at right angles to the surface. DAMHIK.
So for me, it's face-grain plug or epoxy for this.
Two disadvantages of going with a face-grain plug however. The first is you need a piece of wood to cut it from2, and the second is you have to buy a plug cutter (which usually come in sets). Here's what one of the better types looks like:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/pWrZr.jpg)
Veritas tapered-plug cutter.
>
> Also my concern is redrilling and putting a screw into epoxy. Would it be too brittle? How well would it hold?
>
>
>
Filled epoxy is used extensively in some woodworking contexts, including many applications in modern boatbuilding. On a more small-scale level I've made structural repairs using DIY epoxy wood filler, i.e. wood dust mixed into epoxy. If everything goes well these are extremely durable and can certainly be sound enough to drill into (and tap if necessary) and to hold a screw3.
I'm not certain I'd want to use this here however, but I'd want to see the position of the hole and get a better idea of what it needs to do.
**Edit**
The last point above led me to thinking.... and unfortunately I realised that any hand-wringing may be largely unnecessary here. *This could be a clearance hole.* And if so the screw actually only needs to pass through this piece and not hold **in** it at all. See [previous Answer](https://woodworking.stackexchange.com/questions/2708/are-there-specific-types-of-screws-i-should-use-for-woodworking/2714#2714) for more on pilot and clearance holes.
---
1 [Endgrain screw withdrawal force](https://woodworking.stackexchange.com/questions/7898/endgrain-screw-withdrawal-force/7988#7988)
2 There may be no need to source a separate piece of wood, an unseen surface in any of the chair (or matching table?) members could be fine here.
3 I repaired a ripped-out hole in a kitchen cabinet 2+ years ago and checking it recently there's no sign the Euro-style hinge (on one of the most-used doors) is less secure than any of the others. |
56,886 | For example, if someone in school got in trouble and he got sent to the (female) counselor's room, and there is no person but the counselor and the boy in the room, would he be sinning in this case because he was alone with a woman? What if the door was open and other people weren't far away, but still out of sight?
Because of the hadeeth:
>
> قال نبي الاسلام عليه الصلاة والسلام : " ما خلا رجل بامرأة إلا كان الشيطان ثالثهما "
>
>
>
Jazakum Allah khayran, | 2019/10/15 | [
"https://islam.stackexchange.com/questions/56886",
"https://islam.stackexchange.com",
"https://islam.stackexchange.com/users/31478/"
] | Hadith is to avoid to be alone with opposite gender as precaution but if you don't have your will or option to avoid, you'll not be held liable but in such situation you have to try your best to protect your chastity and remain modest and seek Allah's protection and help to save from evil.
As in story of prophet Joseph (Yousuf) in Quran chapter 12, verse 23-27, he got in similar situation. | I think that the hadith entails a situation in which they are more likely to mingle with one another, moreover if that is the case it could also be that one or both of the people involved may resist and not listen to Shaytan. The hadith doesn't say that illicit relatioships will certainly occur, it just states that shaytan will be trying to allure one or both of them into lust, but not succeed.
EDIT: It could be also that a girl may be reluctant to be with a boy in acertain moment (a beautiful girl and a nerd, classical example) and in that case shaytan cannot do that much...
EDIT 2: Many times I've been in these kind of situations, and trust me, even when I wanted, nothing really happened. I live in an environment full of fitnah, but what I personally see is that it is hard even to fall in that specific fitnah EVEN if it is willed. Many claim that it's easy to get a girlfriend and bla blah, but in my case it would be the opposite if I wanted. |
25,847,972 | I am trying to create a netconf client. I am already using netty.io jar in the project. I want to know if netty.io support netconf or is there any plan for that ? Is there any way I can write neconf client using netty.io ?
I wrote simple ssh java program, but it does not connect to netconf on a particular port. So I am thinking to use netty.io library to do this. | 2014/09/15 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/25847972",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/3635843/"
] | It is not included in Netty but you could write your own codec for it. Netty is protocol agnostic, so this should be no problem. | But the problem you might face if you go with netty is that it does not have a ready made implementation for SSH and as of [RFC 6241](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6241)
mandates SSH as a transport option. |
35,996 | The KEGG module [M00115](http://www.genome.jp/kegg-bin/show_module?M00115) includes a set of reactions while [M00542](http://www.genome.jp/kegg-bin/show_module?M00542) does not have any; it just shows the list of enzymes. Is the reaction set for M00542 still unknown? | 2015/07/12 | [
"https://biology.stackexchange.com/questions/35996",
"https://biology.stackexchange.com",
"https://biology.stackexchange.com/users/8835/"
] | *Module* means, as defined in the [KEGG Module page](http://www.genome.jp/kegg/module.html), a functional unit. So it can be anything, from groups of enzymes to genes to metabolites. About the two that concerns you:
* **Pathway modules** represent groups of functionally related enzymes part of the metabolic network. I think this one is easy to understand because it represents the classical understanding of "module". The modules involve metabolites (compounds with id starting with "C"), enzymes (represented by KEGG ortholog ids starting with "K") and reactions (represented by ids starting with "R"). The reactions integrate compounds and enzymes in a particular step in the chain of reactions included in that module.
* **Signature modules** represent molecules associated with a particular phenotype. In particular, the example listed in the KEGG page points to EHEC pathogenicity signature, Shiga toxin. The two molecules in module [M00363](http://www.genome.jp/kegg-bin/show_module?M00363) are associated with the phenotype, which is in this case *EHEC pathogenicity*. But in principle they do not necessarily need to be related to each other (in this case they are, but not in the same meaning as the metabolic module).
In your particular examples, [M00115](http://www.genome.jp/kegg-bin/show_module?M00115) is again a pathway module including enzymes, compounds and reactions, all connected in an integrated manner. Module [M00542](http://www.genome.jp/kegg-bin/show_module?M00542) on the other hand shows the proteins part of the [T3SS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_three_secretion_system) (Type three secretion system) used by Gram-negative bacteria for infection. These are not enzymatic reactions, just proteins associated with the EHEC/EPEC pathogenicity phenotype. They are however related in that they form a protein interaction complex that mediates infection.
Other *Module* categories include:
* **Structure complexes** related to molecular machineries.
* **Functional sets** seems like a miscellaneous category.
You could argue that the T3SS is a molecular machine and should be classified in the *Structural complexes* category. Indeed, something important to remember is, as stated in the KEGG module's page:
>
> KEGG MODULE is a collection of manually defined functional units [...]
>
>
>
As anything manually defined, there is some degree of arbitrariness. Use the information in KEGG modules as far as it serves your needs, but it would be better not take it as written in stone. | M00115 is a pathway module (NAD biosynthesis) whereas M00542 is a signature module (EHEC/EPEC pathogenicity signature).
From the [KEGG page on modules](http://www.genome.jp/kegg/module.html):
>
> * **pathway modules** – representing tight functional units in KEGG
> metabolic pathway maps, such as M00002 (Glycolysis, core module
> involving three-carbon compounds)
> * **signature modules** – as markers of phenotypes, such as M00363 (EHEC
> pathogenicity signature, Shiga toxin)
>
>
> |
2,268,299 | I've got a programming device called USB AVR JTAG-ISP v. 1.2.
Where can I find drivers and a good IDE for it? | 2010/02/15 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2268299",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/257530/"
] | For Windows, AVR Studio 4 as per the other answer.
For Linux, you want the avr-gcc and [AVRDUDE](http://www.nongnu.org/avrdude/) packages from your OS distribution, plus your choice of C IDEs for Linux.
For OS X, you want [Crosspack](http://www.obdev.at/products/crosspack/index.html) and Xcode.
On Linux or OS X, depending on which device you are programming, you may need to download the [source for AVRDUDE](http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/avrdude/) and rebuild it, which will require that you also get [libusb 0.1.12](http://www.libusb.org/) (not libusb 1.x). | Try the "AVR Studio 4" on [Atmel's website](http://www.atmel.com/dyn/products/tools_mcu.asp?family_id=607). |
2,268,299 | I've got a programming device called USB AVR JTAG-ISP v. 1.2.
Where can I find drivers and a good IDE for it? | 2010/02/15 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2268299",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/257530/"
] | Try the "AVR Studio 4" on [Atmel's website](http://www.atmel.com/dyn/products/tools_mcu.asp?family_id=607). | I find AVR studio to be infuriating, buggy and generally terrible.
Eclipse (available on all platforms) has wonderful end-to-end AVR integration available if you install the avr plugin, avr-gcc and avrdude.
If you're running on Ubuntu beware that it [doesn't always identify the ISP](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5412727/avrisp-mkii-doesnt-work-with-avrdude-in-linux/5414566) right off the bat |
2,268,299 | I've got a programming device called USB AVR JTAG-ISP v. 1.2.
Where can I find drivers and a good IDE for it? | 2010/02/15 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2268299",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/257530/"
] | For Windows, AVR Studio 4 as per the other answer.
For Linux, you want the avr-gcc and [AVRDUDE](http://www.nongnu.org/avrdude/) packages from your OS distribution, plus your choice of C IDEs for Linux.
For OS X, you want [Crosspack](http://www.obdev.at/products/crosspack/index.html) and Xcode.
On Linux or OS X, depending on which device you are programming, you may need to download the [source for AVRDUDE](http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/avrdude/) and rebuild it, which will require that you also get [libusb 0.1.12](http://www.libusb.org/) (not libusb 1.x). | I find AVR studio to be infuriating, buggy and generally terrible.
Eclipse (available on all platforms) has wonderful end-to-end AVR integration available if you install the avr plugin, avr-gcc and avrdude.
If you're running on Ubuntu beware that it [doesn't always identify the ISP](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5412727/avrisp-mkii-doesnt-work-with-avrdude-in-linux/5414566) right off the bat |
1,741,817 | It's an application that we use internally at the office that I would like to offer as a hosted service for anyone.
How can I do that without making major code changes?
The first thing that occurs to me is to have the app select which database to connect to based on the domain.
So each instance of the app would have its own database, but all instances would share the same code.
The only changes required to the code would be the database selection.
Is this approach maintainable? I've heard wordpress.com does this and that it offers a couple of advantages. I'm mainly looking to do it this way to avoid have to scope my entire set of database queries to a certain site within the same database.
Thanks! | 2009/11/16 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1741817",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/67550/"
] | The simplest way to do this is to clone the application, and create another server instance to handle it. This actually the way I handle multiple wordpress blogs on my server
**Pro:**
* This process can be streamlined into a utility script.
* Can be easily maintained if symlinks are used for the common code. IE: Everything but branding and some of the things in the config directory.
**Cons:**
- If you're using passenger it will require an apache restart for each new instance.
- Same if you're using Apache to route subdomains on different virtual hosts to different mongrel clusters.
However the better way comes from the question: [Rails - Separate Database Per Subdomain](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1602901/rails-separate-database-per-subdomain)
The method in the accepted answer is much more robust. It might require more changes than you're looking for, but it has all the benefits without the drawbacks of any other methods. Each new instance requires a new entry in the master database with the table name and other instance specific information. You'll also want custom rake task to build the database for each new instance. | I would suggest switching the database connection and adding a view\_path based on the domain, I have posted code in [this question](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1602901/rails-separate-database-per-subdomain/1607688#1607688).
I hope this helps! |
1,741,817 | It's an application that we use internally at the office that I would like to offer as a hosted service for anyone.
How can I do that without making major code changes?
The first thing that occurs to me is to have the app select which database to connect to based on the domain.
So each instance of the app would have its own database, but all instances would share the same code.
The only changes required to the code would be the database selection.
Is this approach maintainable? I've heard wordpress.com does this and that it offers a couple of advantages. I'm mainly looking to do it this way to avoid have to scope my entire set of database queries to a certain site within the same database.
Thanks! | 2009/11/16 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1741817",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/67550/"
] | The simplest way to do this is to clone the application, and create another server instance to handle it. This actually the way I handle multiple wordpress blogs on my server
**Pro:**
* This process can be streamlined into a utility script.
* Can be easily maintained if symlinks are used for the common code. IE: Everything but branding and some of the things in the config directory.
**Cons:**
- If you're using passenger it will require an apache restart for each new instance.
- Same if you're using Apache to route subdomains on different virtual hosts to different mongrel clusters.
However the better way comes from the question: [Rails - Separate Database Per Subdomain](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1602901/rails-separate-database-per-subdomain)
The method in the accepted answer is much more robust. It might require more changes than you're looking for, but it has all the benefits without the drawbacks of any other methods. Each new instance requires a new entry in the master database with the table name and other instance specific information. You'll also want custom rake task to build the database for each new instance. | I wouldn't do this with multiple databases as you mentioned. Keeping all your schemas/migrations in sync with all the db's could become painful.
I would look into simply making it a multi-tenant app where you have some sort of "Account" model and then all your existing models are scoped to it ... in other words, if this was a blog app, your Account has\_many :posts, etc.
With this approach, you can identify accounts by subdomain ... have people choose their subdomain when they create an account and go from there.
It's pretty straightforward to do. If you need add billing into the mix, you might look at the [SaaS Railskit](http://railskits.com/saas/) (which handles all the signup and subdomain stuff) or [Chargify](http://chargify.com/).
You can also identify accounts Twitter-style ... with <http://myapp.com/someuser> |
54,733,842 | Design tab is not visible in Android Studio. How to enable it ?
View - Window tools - viewer is not visible.
Thanks | 2019/02/17 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/54733842",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/7435341/"
] | I recently ran into this problem. Try File > Sync Project with Gradle Files. This can also help with configuration problems | The view that you are looking for is called the "preview" window in android studio.
You have to open a layout view in your project. Navigate to src/main/res/layout/ in your project and select the xml layout file you want to work with.
If the preview window doesn't automatically open up, you can open the view by selecting from the tool bar View>Tool Windows>Preview
There will be a "Design" and "Text" tab at the bottom of the xml layout. |
36,432 | In my company, I, along with some senior developers, were compelled to work overtime during a certain outsourcing project, and it's well beyond office time. Our office time ends at 6 pm, but we were made to work late until 10-10:30 pm. We were also told to work on weekends like Saturday. But after the project ended, we didn't get any bonus or extra salary due to working overtime and in weekends. Instead, our project manager stated, **"It is your fault you worked overtime and on weekends. Had you worked more efficiently, you'd never have worked extra time. Now you can't expect anything from us."**
I found it really, to be precise, extremely rude.
I've already mentioned in a previous post of mine that I have weakness in coding. My superiors told me that in order to improve my coding skills, they want me to work on all Saturdays.
Based on the above circumstances, how should I handle such situations in future? Should I embrace it, given my coding skill's not up to the mark so I need extra time to meet the deadline, or simply tell them flatly that I won't work overtime under any circumstances?
Country: Bangladesh, Unionization : NIL | 2014/11/19 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/36432",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/29706/"
] | The possible answers to your question will come down to:
1) How good are your coding skills (hence how marketable are they)?
2) What is the general environment like in your company (e.g. opportunities to acquire more skills, build a network of helpful colleagues, organize your own work, get promoted if you do good work, earn more money)?
3) What is the demand elsewhere in Bangladesh (or wherever else you would consider working) for people with your skills, and would working somewhere else benefit you more?
Ultimately, it comes down to the balance between your negotiating leverage, the opportunities you have in your current position, and the availability of better alternatives to staying where you are.
My feeling so far is that if, as you say, you have limited coding skills, it might be better for you to make it your priority to improve those as fast as you can, even though you feel your project manager has been taking advantage of you. Your PM will be a lot more worried about upsetting or losing you if the loss of your improved skills means that you'll be difficult or inconvenient to replace. | It's up to you which way you want to go. We have no idea how badly you want to hang on to your job - you know yourself, your preferences and your individual circumstances. We don't.
From your narrative, it doesn't look like you can have it both ways e.g. hang on to your job and not doing the overtime. It's one or the other but not both. Choose your poison. |
36,432 | In my company, I, along with some senior developers, were compelled to work overtime during a certain outsourcing project, and it's well beyond office time. Our office time ends at 6 pm, but we were made to work late until 10-10:30 pm. We were also told to work on weekends like Saturday. But after the project ended, we didn't get any bonus or extra salary due to working overtime and in weekends. Instead, our project manager stated, **"It is your fault you worked overtime and on weekends. Had you worked more efficiently, you'd never have worked extra time. Now you can't expect anything from us."**
I found it really, to be precise, extremely rude.
I've already mentioned in a previous post of mine that I have weakness in coding. My superiors told me that in order to improve my coding skills, they want me to work on all Saturdays.
Based on the above circumstances, how should I handle such situations in future? Should I embrace it, given my coding skill's not up to the mark so I need extra time to meet the deadline, or simply tell them flatly that I won't work overtime under any circumstances?
Country: Bangladesh, Unionization : NIL | 2014/11/19 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/36432",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/29706/"
] | The possible answers to your question will come down to:
1) How good are your coding skills (hence how marketable are they)?
2) What is the general environment like in your company (e.g. opportunities to acquire more skills, build a network of helpful colleagues, organize your own work, get promoted if you do good work, earn more money)?
3) What is the demand elsewhere in Bangladesh (or wherever else you would consider working) for people with your skills, and would working somewhere else benefit you more?
Ultimately, it comes down to the balance between your negotiating leverage, the opportunities you have in your current position, and the availability of better alternatives to staying where you are.
My feeling so far is that if, as you say, you have limited coding skills, it might be better for you to make it your priority to improve those as fast as you can, even though you feel your project manager has been taking advantage of you. Your PM will be a lot more worried about upsetting or losing you if the loss of your improved skills means that you'll be difficult or inconvenient to replace. | Start looking for a new job. Managers have no way to measure "slow" or "fast" developers, it is always relative to their expectations, which is based on your previous performance. So if the time was not enough for you to finish the job, your manager did his job wrong. It could also be on purpose to squeeze out more work out of you, some managers are like that.
The following is not legal advice, always get a lawyer to confirm it will work, but I would handle it like this:
* Calculate how many hours you worked overtime
* Find out if there are laws about overtime counting more, like 20% in the evening, 50% at night, then adjust the calculated overtime accordingly
* Put in your two weeks notice, or whatever notice period applies for you
* Calculate the two weeks minus the adjusted overtime minus any vacation time you have left
If you can afford it, never work for free! Companies are not charities where you spend your time and money to benefit a good cause, they are solely there to make profit for the company owner. Would you give a stranger on the street $1000?
Considering your bad performance or skills mentioned in other questions and comments, this is still a problem of management, they hired you without assessing your skills and they kept you around although you didn't live up to their expectations.
Back to your question, here are my 50 cent:
You should embrace overtime when it is neccessary and gets paid, but you should avoid unpaid overtime at all cost. Otherwise you will end in a vicious circle where every slowdown will be argumented as your fault and overtime expected as compensation. |
36,432 | In my company, I, along with some senior developers, were compelled to work overtime during a certain outsourcing project, and it's well beyond office time. Our office time ends at 6 pm, but we were made to work late until 10-10:30 pm. We were also told to work on weekends like Saturday. But after the project ended, we didn't get any bonus or extra salary due to working overtime and in weekends. Instead, our project manager stated, **"It is your fault you worked overtime and on weekends. Had you worked more efficiently, you'd never have worked extra time. Now you can't expect anything from us."**
I found it really, to be precise, extremely rude.
I've already mentioned in a previous post of mine that I have weakness in coding. My superiors told me that in order to improve my coding skills, they want me to work on all Saturdays.
Based on the above circumstances, how should I handle such situations in future? Should I embrace it, given my coding skill's not up to the mark so I need extra time to meet the deadline, or simply tell them flatly that I won't work overtime under any circumstances?
Country: Bangladesh, Unionization : NIL | 2014/11/19 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/36432",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/29706/"
] | The possible answers to your question will come down to:
1) How good are your coding skills (hence how marketable are they)?
2) What is the general environment like in your company (e.g. opportunities to acquire more skills, build a network of helpful colleagues, organize your own work, get promoted if you do good work, earn more money)?
3) What is the demand elsewhere in Bangladesh (or wherever else you would consider working) for people with your skills, and would working somewhere else benefit you more?
Ultimately, it comes down to the balance between your negotiating leverage, the opportunities you have in your current position, and the availability of better alternatives to staying where you are.
My feeling so far is that if, as you say, you have limited coding skills, it might be better for you to make it your priority to improve those as fast as you can, even though you feel your project manager has been taking advantage of you. Your PM will be a lot more worried about upsetting or losing you if the loss of your improved skills means that you'll be difficult or inconvenient to replace. | >
> I've already mentioned in a previous post of mine that I have weakness in coding. My superiors told me that in order to improve my coding skills, they want me to work on all Saturdays.
>
>
>
The issue is that you work for people of monumental stupidity.
Let's change that up a little to illustrate:
* My horse has a bruised hoof. The vet said that in order to improve its hoof, he should be ridden an extra 3 hours per day.
* My car has bad brakes. The mechanic told me that in order to improve braking performance, I should race up on stop signs and brake as hard as possible.
* My saw has dull teeth. The foreman said that in order to make it cut wood more efficiently, I should use it to cut oak instead of pine to "toughen it up."
Your manager knew (or should have known) the strengths and weaknesses of his team members, and planned accordingly. The only "fault" with you would be if you were deliberately sandbagging on the project. If you put your best efforts in, and you didn't misrepresent your skills to your manager when you were hired, the fault is not yours.
Your manager is either inept or malevolent. You'll have to figure out which. |
36,432 | In my company, I, along with some senior developers, were compelled to work overtime during a certain outsourcing project, and it's well beyond office time. Our office time ends at 6 pm, but we were made to work late until 10-10:30 pm. We were also told to work on weekends like Saturday. But after the project ended, we didn't get any bonus or extra salary due to working overtime and in weekends. Instead, our project manager stated, **"It is your fault you worked overtime and on weekends. Had you worked more efficiently, you'd never have worked extra time. Now you can't expect anything from us."**
I found it really, to be precise, extremely rude.
I've already mentioned in a previous post of mine that I have weakness in coding. My superiors told me that in order to improve my coding skills, they want me to work on all Saturdays.
Based on the above circumstances, how should I handle such situations in future? Should I embrace it, given my coding skill's not up to the mark so I need extra time to meet the deadline, or simply tell them flatly that I won't work overtime under any circumstances?
Country: Bangladesh, Unionization : NIL | 2014/11/19 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/36432",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/29706/"
] | The possible answers to your question will come down to:
1) How good are your coding skills (hence how marketable are they)?
2) What is the general environment like in your company (e.g. opportunities to acquire more skills, build a network of helpful colleagues, organize your own work, get promoted if you do good work, earn more money)?
3) What is the demand elsewhere in Bangladesh (or wherever else you would consider working) for people with your skills, and would working somewhere else benefit you more?
Ultimately, it comes down to the balance between your negotiating leverage, the opportunities you have in your current position, and the availability of better alternatives to staying where you are.
My feeling so far is that if, as you say, you have limited coding skills, it might be better for you to make it your priority to improve those as fast as you can, even though you feel your project manager has been taking advantage of you. Your PM will be a lot more worried about upsetting or losing you if the loss of your improved skills means that you'll be difficult or inconvenient to replace. | >
> Should I embrace it, given my coding skill's not up to the mark so I need extra time to meet the deadline, or simply tell them flatly that I won't work overtime under any circumstances?
>
>
>
Here's the kicker - **you don't need to be *at work* to improve your coding skill.**
As for working overtime, it depends.
* If you committed to a deadline, and needed to work overtime to hit it, then work the overtime.
* If you had a deadline thrust upon you (despite your pushback), then I wouldn't work overtime to account for other people's inability to schedule appropriately.
And of course, if you can't get another job, you're likely going to need to work overtime. If the overtime is paid, because it's important to the company to get stuff done quickly rather than well (instead of an inability to schedule their project) then I'd weigh the money/favor versus quality of life.
Regardless, if your coding skills are weak, you'd benefit greatly from working on improving them. Personally, I think that improving them is easier on your own time, in your own way. |
36,432 | In my company, I, along with some senior developers, were compelled to work overtime during a certain outsourcing project, and it's well beyond office time. Our office time ends at 6 pm, but we were made to work late until 10-10:30 pm. We were also told to work on weekends like Saturday. But after the project ended, we didn't get any bonus or extra salary due to working overtime and in weekends. Instead, our project manager stated, **"It is your fault you worked overtime and on weekends. Had you worked more efficiently, you'd never have worked extra time. Now you can't expect anything from us."**
I found it really, to be precise, extremely rude.
I've already mentioned in a previous post of mine that I have weakness in coding. My superiors told me that in order to improve my coding skills, they want me to work on all Saturdays.
Based on the above circumstances, how should I handle such situations in future? Should I embrace it, given my coding skill's not up to the mark so I need extra time to meet the deadline, or simply tell them flatly that I won't work overtime under any circumstances?
Country: Bangladesh, Unionization : NIL | 2014/11/19 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/36432",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/29706/"
] | It's up to you which way you want to go. We have no idea how badly you want to hang on to your job - you know yourself, your preferences and your individual circumstances. We don't.
From your narrative, it doesn't look like you can have it both ways e.g. hang on to your job and not doing the overtime. It's one or the other but not both. Choose your poison. | >
> I've already mentioned in a previous post of mine that I have weakness in coding. My superiors told me that in order to improve my coding skills, they want me to work on all Saturdays.
>
>
>
The issue is that you work for people of monumental stupidity.
Let's change that up a little to illustrate:
* My horse has a bruised hoof. The vet said that in order to improve its hoof, he should be ridden an extra 3 hours per day.
* My car has bad brakes. The mechanic told me that in order to improve braking performance, I should race up on stop signs and brake as hard as possible.
* My saw has dull teeth. The foreman said that in order to make it cut wood more efficiently, I should use it to cut oak instead of pine to "toughen it up."
Your manager knew (or should have known) the strengths and weaknesses of his team members, and planned accordingly. The only "fault" with you would be if you were deliberately sandbagging on the project. If you put your best efforts in, and you didn't misrepresent your skills to your manager when you were hired, the fault is not yours.
Your manager is either inept or malevolent. You'll have to figure out which. |
36,432 | In my company, I, along with some senior developers, were compelled to work overtime during a certain outsourcing project, and it's well beyond office time. Our office time ends at 6 pm, but we were made to work late until 10-10:30 pm. We were also told to work on weekends like Saturday. But after the project ended, we didn't get any bonus or extra salary due to working overtime and in weekends. Instead, our project manager stated, **"It is your fault you worked overtime and on weekends. Had you worked more efficiently, you'd never have worked extra time. Now you can't expect anything from us."**
I found it really, to be precise, extremely rude.
I've already mentioned in a previous post of mine that I have weakness in coding. My superiors told me that in order to improve my coding skills, they want me to work on all Saturdays.
Based on the above circumstances, how should I handle such situations in future? Should I embrace it, given my coding skill's not up to the mark so I need extra time to meet the deadline, or simply tell them flatly that I won't work overtime under any circumstances?
Country: Bangladesh, Unionization : NIL | 2014/11/19 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/36432",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/29706/"
] | Start looking for a new job. Managers have no way to measure "slow" or "fast" developers, it is always relative to their expectations, which is based on your previous performance. So if the time was not enough for you to finish the job, your manager did his job wrong. It could also be on purpose to squeeze out more work out of you, some managers are like that.
The following is not legal advice, always get a lawyer to confirm it will work, but I would handle it like this:
* Calculate how many hours you worked overtime
* Find out if there are laws about overtime counting more, like 20% in the evening, 50% at night, then adjust the calculated overtime accordingly
* Put in your two weeks notice, or whatever notice period applies for you
* Calculate the two weeks minus the adjusted overtime minus any vacation time you have left
If you can afford it, never work for free! Companies are not charities where you spend your time and money to benefit a good cause, they are solely there to make profit for the company owner. Would you give a stranger on the street $1000?
Considering your bad performance or skills mentioned in other questions and comments, this is still a problem of management, they hired you without assessing your skills and they kept you around although you didn't live up to their expectations.
Back to your question, here are my 50 cent:
You should embrace overtime when it is neccessary and gets paid, but you should avoid unpaid overtime at all cost. Otherwise you will end in a vicious circle where every slowdown will be argumented as your fault and overtime expected as compensation. | >
> I've already mentioned in a previous post of mine that I have weakness in coding. My superiors told me that in order to improve my coding skills, they want me to work on all Saturdays.
>
>
>
The issue is that you work for people of monumental stupidity.
Let's change that up a little to illustrate:
* My horse has a bruised hoof. The vet said that in order to improve its hoof, he should be ridden an extra 3 hours per day.
* My car has bad brakes. The mechanic told me that in order to improve braking performance, I should race up on stop signs and brake as hard as possible.
* My saw has dull teeth. The foreman said that in order to make it cut wood more efficiently, I should use it to cut oak instead of pine to "toughen it up."
Your manager knew (or should have known) the strengths and weaknesses of his team members, and planned accordingly. The only "fault" with you would be if you were deliberately sandbagging on the project. If you put your best efforts in, and you didn't misrepresent your skills to your manager when you were hired, the fault is not yours.
Your manager is either inept or malevolent. You'll have to figure out which. |
36,432 | In my company, I, along with some senior developers, were compelled to work overtime during a certain outsourcing project, and it's well beyond office time. Our office time ends at 6 pm, but we were made to work late until 10-10:30 pm. We were also told to work on weekends like Saturday. But after the project ended, we didn't get any bonus or extra salary due to working overtime and in weekends. Instead, our project manager stated, **"It is your fault you worked overtime and on weekends. Had you worked more efficiently, you'd never have worked extra time. Now you can't expect anything from us."**
I found it really, to be precise, extremely rude.
I've already mentioned in a previous post of mine that I have weakness in coding. My superiors told me that in order to improve my coding skills, they want me to work on all Saturdays.
Based on the above circumstances, how should I handle such situations in future? Should I embrace it, given my coding skill's not up to the mark so I need extra time to meet the deadline, or simply tell them flatly that I won't work overtime under any circumstances?
Country: Bangladesh, Unionization : NIL | 2014/11/19 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/36432",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/29706/"
] | >
> Should I embrace it, given my coding skill's not up to the mark so I need extra time to meet the deadline, or simply tell them flatly that I won't work overtime under any circumstances?
>
>
>
Here's the kicker - **you don't need to be *at work* to improve your coding skill.**
As for working overtime, it depends.
* If you committed to a deadline, and needed to work overtime to hit it, then work the overtime.
* If you had a deadline thrust upon you (despite your pushback), then I wouldn't work overtime to account for other people's inability to schedule appropriately.
And of course, if you can't get another job, you're likely going to need to work overtime. If the overtime is paid, because it's important to the company to get stuff done quickly rather than well (instead of an inability to schedule their project) then I'd weigh the money/favor versus quality of life.
Regardless, if your coding skills are weak, you'd benefit greatly from working on improving them. Personally, I think that improving them is easier on your own time, in your own way. | >
> I've already mentioned in a previous post of mine that I have weakness in coding. My superiors told me that in order to improve my coding skills, they want me to work on all Saturdays.
>
>
>
The issue is that you work for people of monumental stupidity.
Let's change that up a little to illustrate:
* My horse has a bruised hoof. The vet said that in order to improve its hoof, he should be ridden an extra 3 hours per day.
* My car has bad brakes. The mechanic told me that in order to improve braking performance, I should race up on stop signs and brake as hard as possible.
* My saw has dull teeth. The foreman said that in order to make it cut wood more efficiently, I should use it to cut oak instead of pine to "toughen it up."
Your manager knew (or should have known) the strengths and weaknesses of his team members, and planned accordingly. The only "fault" with you would be if you were deliberately sandbagging on the project. If you put your best efforts in, and you didn't misrepresent your skills to your manager when you were hired, the fault is not yours.
Your manager is either inept or malevolent. You'll have to figure out which. |
55,041,423 | I'm using "sequelize" and "sqlite3"
But I don't know how to do even if the table s already exist in database.
i have seen the [document](http://docs.sequelizejs.com/) , but it seems that must define the schema everytime even if the table already exist ?
If the table already in database , how can I use it without define schema again? | 2019/03/07 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/55041423",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/11124583/"
] | You can use **sequelize-auto** npm module for the same.
<https://github.com/sequelize/sequelize-auto>
I had the same situation before and used this npm module to generate the models, later can tweak or do some minor change if needed. | Schema (model) definition only represents table in database and **does not create** table itself.
If table already exist you need to define schema for this table only when app starts. |
55,041,423 | I'm using "sequelize" and "sqlite3"
But I don't know how to do even if the table s already exist in database.
i have seen the [document](http://docs.sequelizejs.com/) , but it seems that must define the schema everytime even if the table already exist ?
If the table already in database , how can I use it without define schema again? | 2019/03/07 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/55041423",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/11124583/"
] | You can use **sequelize-auto** npm module for the same.
<https://github.com/sequelize/sequelize-auto>
I had the same situation before and used this npm module to generate the models, later can tweak or do some minor change if needed. | FWIW, if the table already exists, you need not use sync(); you can begin with User.create(). |
461 | I've been concerned about a lack of knowledgeable users on the site since, well, it was [two days out of private beta](https://gardening.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/86/angling-joke-sounding-questions-for-experts#comment117_89). Looking at the most recent [site evalutation](https://gardening.meta.stackexchange.com/q/456/95), I'm not convinced that we have the right mix of users on the site to fulfill our motto: [expert answers to your [gardening] questions](http://stackexchange.com/). I decided to ask around in [The Garden Shed](http://chat.stackexchange.com/transcript/546/2013/8/26) and it seems we do have some professionals among us. I've also personally benefited with answers from people who are more knowledgeable than I am. But judging from answers to the sample questions, we could use some more experienced gardeners.
What can those of us who have an interest in Gardening do to attract more knowledgable gardeners? | 2013/09/07 | [
"https://gardening.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/461",
"https://gardening.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://gardening.meta.stackexchange.com/users/95/"
] | Find out what questions experts ask and ask those questions.
------------------------------------------------------------
Taking a page out of [Jeff's blog post](http://blog.stackoverflow.com/2011/04/helping-the-experts-get-answers/), we should figure where expert gardeners hang out on the internet and watch for unanwered questions that might be suitable for this site. If we can get great answer to these questions (this is a chicken-and-egg problem, of course), it's possible to introduce an expert to the site with an answer to their question.
Failing this, if there's a great question on the site that doesn't have an adequate answer, it's an opportunity to invite an expert to chime in. This technique only works if someone has established a relationship with an expert gardener. Otherwise, it can come off as spammy or help-vampirish. We want people to be excited about sharing their knowledge and not annoyed.
One of the best ways to attract experts is to ask the questions they are interested in answering. Simply re-asking questions that experts ponder increases the odds that experts will find the site, lend their hand at an answer, and become hooked. It's hard work, but I think the results will be well worthwhile.
*Please provide alternate answers to this question with your ideas. If you try something out, let us know the results!* | Here are my thoughts on the matter...
There are a bunch of already established gardening forums with active communities. The "experts" have already found their home in them. Other experts have built their own homes along the lines of new forums, blogs, facebook pages, twitter, etc.
If they build their own presence they derive benefits from it including more control, a way to promote themselves and the possibility of earning revenue either by advertising their own services and products or by earning revenue from ads and affiliates.
Information has value. What is the benefit for experts to give that value to a site like this rather than to keep it to themselves? That's not a criticism of the site but it's a question you want to think about if you want more expert participation. (When I say value, I'm not implying money.) Also for manufacturers and retailers they already have a few main channels that they use to interact with their customers. They don't want to add another "inbox".
I don't like the way Jeff handled his example. He copied Tim Bray's tweet verbatim with absolutely no attribution as to its source. That's no better than what a scraper site would do. A friendlier, more organic way to do it would be to tweet back at Tim with something like "Hey try asking at apple.stackexchange.com" and hope he joins and asks the question.
I've also seen people asking questions just to have the question on here then they copy and paste the answer (including graphics) from other sites just to add that information on G&L. Again, just like a scraper site. As I'm writing this I see a perfect example. [Are chemical fertilizers poisonous to people or animals?](https://gardening.stackexchange.com/questions/8348/are-chemical-fertilizers-poisonous-to-people-or-animals)
These types of things seem to go against the principles of the site and if it continues then there's a risk of becoming nothing more than a spammy answer site.
Communities don't develop overnight and forcing it to can cause problems. Don't take the walled garden approach and feel you have to have an answer for every question. All that does is create pages with duplicate content.
Let's say an expert sees referrer traffic from SE to their site and visits the pages. Then they see someone copying and pasting entire sections from their own site to answer a question. How would that make them feel about the site? Would that make them want to participate?
The stack exchange network already has a good core set of users that like how SE works. These users have varied interests beyond the boards they currently follow. Make sure they know about the other sites in the network. From looking at the profiles of some of the regulars here it seems that there are a lot of people with a tech background that joined GL after using other SE sites. These are the people that are going to be the experts of G&L. I'm sure there are more out there on other sites that have an interest in gardening and landscaping, who like how SE works and would enjoy contributing. Help them find this site.
SE does do some things better than other sites that can help attract more experts. Some sites are very strict when it comes to linking to your own pages which SE is not as long as you're not just spamming links. I've even seen sites where they charge businesses to participate on their forums which just sends them away. You can only do that if you're the absolute top destination for those customers to begin with.
I don't know that I'd call myself an expert but over the years I've gained a lot of knowledge about organic lawn care and gardening. I stopped participating in a lot of forums and created my own site a few years ago when I realized my knowledge had value and I didn't just want to give that away to another site for them to make money. The reason I began participating on SE is because I like the format, I visit other SE sites and I like that my participation can help build awareness of my own site. My site I feel also helps reinforce any answers I provide on here so people can see I have some experience in the matters I'm talking about.
Let's go back to what Jeff did. Imagine I didn't create an account here and I just browsed the site and whenever I saw a question I could answer I copied it and posted it to my own site and answered it there. How would you guys feel about that? Probably not too good I'm guessing. It's not a friendly way of doing things and it doesn't help build a community.
There are even content mills that pay users one way or another for their contributions. So what do experts get out of sharing their valuable knowledge on SE? Another question to consider. (Again, not implying it should be money. I don't like content mills or scraper sites in general.) Like I said, for me it's exposure for my own site. When I respond to a question it's not just with a link to my own site (if applicable). I answer the question but also provide a link if I can that adds to my answer or supports it in some way. This is allowed by SE's policies and I think the way SE does things is one of the more equitable ways of doing it. The asker benefits from my participation, as does SE and I get a little something for my time too.
The example of the previous thread I mentioned I feel is the wrong way to go for a number of reasons. Don't copy content. Don't try to be wikipedia. Become a hub of information and build a community based on existing users on other parts of SEN.
Also wanted to add... I am not active in other SE sites but I visit them frequently when looking for tech or development related questions. Other answer and "how to" sites I skip over in search results. The reason I don't do that with SE is because I trust the quality of the information. If GL doesn't reflect that same quality and becomes a manually created scraper site, my opinion changes and it becomes I site I don't feel worth participating in anymore and I'll tend to skip over it in search results too. I'm sure SE won't miss me :) but I don't think I'd be the only one feeling that way. |
461 | I've been concerned about a lack of knowledgeable users on the site since, well, it was [two days out of private beta](https://gardening.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/86/angling-joke-sounding-questions-for-experts#comment117_89). Looking at the most recent [site evalutation](https://gardening.meta.stackexchange.com/q/456/95), I'm not convinced that we have the right mix of users on the site to fulfill our motto: [expert answers to your [gardening] questions](http://stackexchange.com/). I decided to ask around in [The Garden Shed](http://chat.stackexchange.com/transcript/546/2013/8/26) and it seems we do have some professionals among us. I've also personally benefited with answers from people who are more knowledgeable than I am. But judging from answers to the sample questions, we could use some more experienced gardeners.
What can those of us who have an interest in Gardening do to attract more knowledgable gardeners? | 2013/09/07 | [
"https://gardening.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/461",
"https://gardening.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://gardening.meta.stackexchange.com/users/95/"
] | Find out what questions experts ask and ask those questions.
------------------------------------------------------------
Taking a page out of [Jeff's blog post](http://blog.stackoverflow.com/2011/04/helping-the-experts-get-answers/), we should figure where expert gardeners hang out on the internet and watch for unanwered questions that might be suitable for this site. If we can get great answer to these questions (this is a chicken-and-egg problem, of course), it's possible to introduce an expert to the site with an answer to their question.
Failing this, if there's a great question on the site that doesn't have an adequate answer, it's an opportunity to invite an expert to chime in. This technique only works if someone has established a relationship with an expert gardener. Otherwise, it can come off as spammy or help-vampirish. We want people to be excited about sharing their knowledge and not annoyed.
One of the best ways to attract experts is to ask the questions they are interested in answering. Simply re-asking questions that experts ponder increases the odds that experts will find the site, lend their hand at an answer, and become hooked. It's hard work, but I think the results will be well worthwhile.
*Please provide alternate answers to this question with your ideas. If you try something out, let us know the results!* | Gardening is competitive, where people have invested interests in products or a methodology of gardening. Experts may not want to contribute because they sell their skills in seminars and consulting or have products with sales that depend on a public believing a certain way. Experts may be biased as to a type of gardening, for instance organic gardening is fashionable these days, therefore if you want to sell your products, you will be biased in your information. This is in stark contrast to any other SE site. In math, physics, chemistry, biology, auto repair, home improvement, cognitive science, seasoned advice, skeptics, etc, etc there are no two opposing philosophies which are competiting for credibility. Additionally, if the gardening site is predominantly organic gardeners, then more scientific gardeners won't fit in and will leave. This dichotomy must be resolved if SE is to be a source of factual information instead of merely popular information.
Therefore, it's not necessary to have experts per se, but it's necessary to have people who aren't biased in their thinking or have invested interest in perpetuating a biased thinking and who seek to learn and become experts one day. These are the people who will have motivation to provide factual content to the site... those who are still in the process of becoming experts.
I also think [Are chemical fertilizers poisonous to people or animals?](https://gardening.stackexchange.com/questions/8348/are-chemical-fertilizers-poisonous-to-people-or-animals) is a good example. Here we have a simple Q n A where an answer has been posted which doesn't answer the question, but strays off into a debate tangential to the question and which displays an obvious bias. If you open an encyclopedia to find the toxicity of a compound, and instead you find a commentary about how you should not be worried about toxicity, but the impact to the environment or some other tangential topic, would you feel that is a factual source of information? If you're an expert in the field, would you want to contribute to such an encyclopedia?
Here is another example [What is the best way to sow grass seed in high rainfall areas?](https://gardening.stackexchange.com/questions/8313/what-is-the-best-way-to-sow-grass-seed-in-high-rainfall-areas) where the question wasn't answered, but deliberately not answered in favor of commentary based on assumptions (incorrect ones as it turned out).
These types of answers would never be accepted in many other SE sites. The garden site seems to be the only community I'm aware of where straying off-topic and NOT answering questions is actively encouraged. If you're an expert, would you want to participate in such an environment? |
461 | I've been concerned about a lack of knowledgeable users on the site since, well, it was [two days out of private beta](https://gardening.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/86/angling-joke-sounding-questions-for-experts#comment117_89). Looking at the most recent [site evalutation](https://gardening.meta.stackexchange.com/q/456/95), I'm not convinced that we have the right mix of users on the site to fulfill our motto: [expert answers to your [gardening] questions](http://stackexchange.com/). I decided to ask around in [The Garden Shed](http://chat.stackexchange.com/transcript/546/2013/8/26) and it seems we do have some professionals among us. I've also personally benefited with answers from people who are more knowledgeable than I am. But judging from answers to the sample questions, we could use some more experienced gardeners.
What can those of us who have an interest in Gardening do to attract more knowledgable gardeners? | 2013/09/07 | [
"https://gardening.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/461",
"https://gardening.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://gardening.meta.stackexchange.com/users/95/"
] | Find out what questions experts ask and ask those questions.
------------------------------------------------------------
Taking a page out of [Jeff's blog post](http://blog.stackoverflow.com/2011/04/helping-the-experts-get-answers/), we should figure where expert gardeners hang out on the internet and watch for unanwered questions that might be suitable for this site. If we can get great answer to these questions (this is a chicken-and-egg problem, of course), it's possible to introduce an expert to the site with an answer to their question.
Failing this, if there's a great question on the site that doesn't have an adequate answer, it's an opportunity to invite an expert to chime in. This technique only works if someone has established a relationship with an expert gardener. Otherwise, it can come off as spammy or help-vampirish. We want people to be excited about sharing their knowledge and not annoyed.
One of the best ways to attract experts is to ask the questions they are interested in answering. Simply re-asking questions that experts ponder increases the odds that experts will find the site, lend their hand at an answer, and become hooked. It's hard work, but I think the results will be well worthwhile.
*Please provide alternate answers to this question with your ideas. If you try something out, let us know the results!* | I agree with [John Ericson's answer](https://gardening.meta.stackexchange.com/a/462/2692). So won't reiterate his points.
**Disclaimer:**
*When I refer to the scientific process here, I am not making an argument for or against organic vs scientific gardening, I am NOT addressing this issue at all. I am not saying a gardening expert has to be a scientist, I am referring to the process that improves knowledge base as a way to maintain a quality site.*
---
**My background:**
I do not profess to be an expert in gardening. I have been a gardener my whole life, I learnt to garden from helping my mother and grandfather garden. My grandfather learnt to garden from growing up on a farm. So my knowledge and experience comes from this; watching gardening shows, reading articles and exchanging ideas. I have practical, expertise in the immediate environment I live in, as I have spent over 4 decades working within it. So I would qualify myself as a user of the site as a consumer, rather than an expert providing good answers.
I am replying to this post, as I have a keen interest in the success of SE beta sites.
---
Many of the beta sites have difficulty in maintaining that balance between quality, expert posts and just struggling to get posts on the board.
This question posted on SE Cognitive Sciences Meta, discusses this issue, from a slightly different viewpoint, but in essence it's the same topic.
[Striking a balance between citations and common sense in answers](https://cogsci.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/624/striking-a-balance-between-citations-and-common-sense-in-answers)
There's a few issues:
SE is reknown for it's programming expertise, it is linked in the MSDN (Microsoft Developer Network) searches, along with all the Microsoft site links. Currently, this is Stack's most notable achievement.
To gain the same credibility for other Stack sites, just takes time and careful moderation to foster the community.
I agree with Randy, that the commercial aspects of gardening are a, potential, hindrance in this current socio-economic climate. One way to circumvent this is to rely on scientific methodology. As with the success of StackOverflow, there is nothing lost in an individual's commercial interests, in promoting good coding practices. In fact, as an industry, it is beneficial to encourage good coding practices. Just as in the sharing and pooling of scientific resources, this assists the scientific community.
>
> [The scientific method](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_method) is a body of techniques for investigating phenomena, acquiring new knowledge, or correcting and integrating previous knowledge.[1](https://gardening.meta.stackexchange.com/a/462/2692) To be termed scientific, a method of inquiry must be based on empirical and measurable evidence subject to specific principles of reasoning.[2](https://cogsci.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/624/striking-a-balance-between-citations-and-common-sense-in-answers) ...
>
>
> The chief characteristic which distinguishes the scientific method from other methods of acquiring knowledge is that scientists seek to let reality speak for itself,[discuss] supporting a theory when a theory's predictions are confirmed and challenging a theory when its predictions prove false. ...
>
>
> Scientific inquiry is generally intended to be as objective as possible in order to reduce biased interpretations of results. Another basic expectation is to document, archive and share all data and methodology so they are available for careful scrutiny by other scientists, giving them the opportunity to verify results by attempting to reproduce them. This practice, called full disclosure, also allows statistical measures of the reliability of these data to be established (when data is sampled or compared to chance).
>
>
>
**So my suggestion is this:**
I would discourage dissention within your community. When applying the scientific process, there is value in many gardening methods. The old, the new. A good site provide alternatives and it is the mix of alternative solutions that will keep people engaged.
This site is totally voluntary, and unless an individual wants to invest, with [venture capital](https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/79435/what-is-stack-overflows-business-model), there is no point for people to complain about loss of business. Stack Overflow has proven, that good contributions there, only enhances a person's reputation within the programming community; and in turn, any possible business endeavours. Having said this, this is accumulated over time and with consistent contribution.
The key factors are this:
* The way to maintain a quality site, is to use the vote and flag
system methodically to teach users, what is welcome and what is not.
This system has proved to be successful.
* For the core users of the community to try to work with consensus, and maintain focus away from gratuitous disagreement about gardening practices on the site, and, instead, to focus on providing quality answers.
* Stay on-topic. Don't let personal agenda or personalities affect the quality of your posts.
As experts cannot be solicited to contribute here, the only way to make people consider the site is worthwhile is by providing a degree of "professionalism" within the conduct of the community. From there, quality answers grow.
*My ten cents.* |
461 | I've been concerned about a lack of knowledgeable users on the site since, well, it was [two days out of private beta](https://gardening.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/86/angling-joke-sounding-questions-for-experts#comment117_89). Looking at the most recent [site evalutation](https://gardening.meta.stackexchange.com/q/456/95), I'm not convinced that we have the right mix of users on the site to fulfill our motto: [expert answers to your [gardening] questions](http://stackexchange.com/). I decided to ask around in [The Garden Shed](http://chat.stackexchange.com/transcript/546/2013/8/26) and it seems we do have some professionals among us. I've also personally benefited with answers from people who are more knowledgeable than I am. But judging from answers to the sample questions, we could use some more experienced gardeners.
What can those of us who have an interest in Gardening do to attract more knowledgable gardeners? | 2013/09/07 | [
"https://gardening.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/461",
"https://gardening.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://gardening.meta.stackexchange.com/users/95/"
] | I agree with [John Ericson's answer](https://gardening.meta.stackexchange.com/a/462/2692). So won't reiterate his points.
**Disclaimer:**
*When I refer to the scientific process here, I am not making an argument for or against organic vs scientific gardening, I am NOT addressing this issue at all. I am not saying a gardening expert has to be a scientist, I am referring to the process that improves knowledge base as a way to maintain a quality site.*
---
**My background:**
I do not profess to be an expert in gardening. I have been a gardener my whole life, I learnt to garden from helping my mother and grandfather garden. My grandfather learnt to garden from growing up on a farm. So my knowledge and experience comes from this; watching gardening shows, reading articles and exchanging ideas. I have practical, expertise in the immediate environment I live in, as I have spent over 4 decades working within it. So I would qualify myself as a user of the site as a consumer, rather than an expert providing good answers.
I am replying to this post, as I have a keen interest in the success of SE beta sites.
---
Many of the beta sites have difficulty in maintaining that balance between quality, expert posts and just struggling to get posts on the board.
This question posted on SE Cognitive Sciences Meta, discusses this issue, from a slightly different viewpoint, but in essence it's the same topic.
[Striking a balance between citations and common sense in answers](https://cogsci.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/624/striking-a-balance-between-citations-and-common-sense-in-answers)
There's a few issues:
SE is reknown for it's programming expertise, it is linked in the MSDN (Microsoft Developer Network) searches, along with all the Microsoft site links. Currently, this is Stack's most notable achievement.
To gain the same credibility for other Stack sites, just takes time and careful moderation to foster the community.
I agree with Randy, that the commercial aspects of gardening are a, potential, hindrance in this current socio-economic climate. One way to circumvent this is to rely on scientific methodology. As with the success of StackOverflow, there is nothing lost in an individual's commercial interests, in promoting good coding practices. In fact, as an industry, it is beneficial to encourage good coding practices. Just as in the sharing and pooling of scientific resources, this assists the scientific community.
>
> [The scientific method](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_method) is a body of techniques for investigating phenomena, acquiring new knowledge, or correcting and integrating previous knowledge.[1](https://gardening.meta.stackexchange.com/a/462/2692) To be termed scientific, a method of inquiry must be based on empirical and measurable evidence subject to specific principles of reasoning.[2](https://cogsci.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/624/striking-a-balance-between-citations-and-common-sense-in-answers) ...
>
>
> The chief characteristic which distinguishes the scientific method from other methods of acquiring knowledge is that scientists seek to let reality speak for itself,[discuss] supporting a theory when a theory's predictions are confirmed and challenging a theory when its predictions prove false. ...
>
>
> Scientific inquiry is generally intended to be as objective as possible in order to reduce biased interpretations of results. Another basic expectation is to document, archive and share all data and methodology so they are available for careful scrutiny by other scientists, giving them the opportunity to verify results by attempting to reproduce them. This practice, called full disclosure, also allows statistical measures of the reliability of these data to be established (when data is sampled or compared to chance).
>
>
>
**So my suggestion is this:**
I would discourage dissention within your community. When applying the scientific process, there is value in many gardening methods. The old, the new. A good site provide alternatives and it is the mix of alternative solutions that will keep people engaged.
This site is totally voluntary, and unless an individual wants to invest, with [venture capital](https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/79435/what-is-stack-overflows-business-model), there is no point for people to complain about loss of business. Stack Overflow has proven, that good contributions there, only enhances a person's reputation within the programming community; and in turn, any possible business endeavours. Having said this, this is accumulated over time and with consistent contribution.
The key factors are this:
* The way to maintain a quality site, is to use the vote and flag
system methodically to teach users, what is welcome and what is not.
This system has proved to be successful.
* For the core users of the community to try to work with consensus, and maintain focus away from gratuitous disagreement about gardening practices on the site, and, instead, to focus on providing quality answers.
* Stay on-topic. Don't let personal agenda or personalities affect the quality of your posts.
As experts cannot be solicited to contribute here, the only way to make people consider the site is worthwhile is by providing a degree of "professionalism" within the conduct of the community. From there, quality answers grow.
*My ten cents.* | Here are my thoughts on the matter...
There are a bunch of already established gardening forums with active communities. The "experts" have already found their home in them. Other experts have built their own homes along the lines of new forums, blogs, facebook pages, twitter, etc.
If they build their own presence they derive benefits from it including more control, a way to promote themselves and the possibility of earning revenue either by advertising their own services and products or by earning revenue from ads and affiliates.
Information has value. What is the benefit for experts to give that value to a site like this rather than to keep it to themselves? That's not a criticism of the site but it's a question you want to think about if you want more expert participation. (When I say value, I'm not implying money.) Also for manufacturers and retailers they already have a few main channels that they use to interact with their customers. They don't want to add another "inbox".
I don't like the way Jeff handled his example. He copied Tim Bray's tweet verbatim with absolutely no attribution as to its source. That's no better than what a scraper site would do. A friendlier, more organic way to do it would be to tweet back at Tim with something like "Hey try asking at apple.stackexchange.com" and hope he joins and asks the question.
I've also seen people asking questions just to have the question on here then they copy and paste the answer (including graphics) from other sites just to add that information on G&L. Again, just like a scraper site. As I'm writing this I see a perfect example. [Are chemical fertilizers poisonous to people or animals?](https://gardening.stackexchange.com/questions/8348/are-chemical-fertilizers-poisonous-to-people-or-animals)
These types of things seem to go against the principles of the site and if it continues then there's a risk of becoming nothing more than a spammy answer site.
Communities don't develop overnight and forcing it to can cause problems. Don't take the walled garden approach and feel you have to have an answer for every question. All that does is create pages with duplicate content.
Let's say an expert sees referrer traffic from SE to their site and visits the pages. Then they see someone copying and pasting entire sections from their own site to answer a question. How would that make them feel about the site? Would that make them want to participate?
The stack exchange network already has a good core set of users that like how SE works. These users have varied interests beyond the boards they currently follow. Make sure they know about the other sites in the network. From looking at the profiles of some of the regulars here it seems that there are a lot of people with a tech background that joined GL after using other SE sites. These are the people that are going to be the experts of G&L. I'm sure there are more out there on other sites that have an interest in gardening and landscaping, who like how SE works and would enjoy contributing. Help them find this site.
SE does do some things better than other sites that can help attract more experts. Some sites are very strict when it comes to linking to your own pages which SE is not as long as you're not just spamming links. I've even seen sites where they charge businesses to participate on their forums which just sends them away. You can only do that if you're the absolute top destination for those customers to begin with.
I don't know that I'd call myself an expert but over the years I've gained a lot of knowledge about organic lawn care and gardening. I stopped participating in a lot of forums and created my own site a few years ago when I realized my knowledge had value and I didn't just want to give that away to another site for them to make money. The reason I began participating on SE is because I like the format, I visit other SE sites and I like that my participation can help build awareness of my own site. My site I feel also helps reinforce any answers I provide on here so people can see I have some experience in the matters I'm talking about.
Let's go back to what Jeff did. Imagine I didn't create an account here and I just browsed the site and whenever I saw a question I could answer I copied it and posted it to my own site and answered it there. How would you guys feel about that? Probably not too good I'm guessing. It's not a friendly way of doing things and it doesn't help build a community.
There are even content mills that pay users one way or another for their contributions. So what do experts get out of sharing their valuable knowledge on SE? Another question to consider. (Again, not implying it should be money. I don't like content mills or scraper sites in general.) Like I said, for me it's exposure for my own site. When I respond to a question it's not just with a link to my own site (if applicable). I answer the question but also provide a link if I can that adds to my answer or supports it in some way. This is allowed by SE's policies and I think the way SE does things is one of the more equitable ways of doing it. The asker benefits from my participation, as does SE and I get a little something for my time too.
The example of the previous thread I mentioned I feel is the wrong way to go for a number of reasons. Don't copy content. Don't try to be wikipedia. Become a hub of information and build a community based on existing users on other parts of SEN.
Also wanted to add... I am not active in other SE sites but I visit them frequently when looking for tech or development related questions. Other answer and "how to" sites I skip over in search results. The reason I don't do that with SE is because I trust the quality of the information. If GL doesn't reflect that same quality and becomes a manually created scraper site, my opinion changes and it becomes I site I don't feel worth participating in anymore and I'll tend to skip over it in search results too. I'm sure SE won't miss me :) but I don't think I'd be the only one feeling that way. |
461 | I've been concerned about a lack of knowledgeable users on the site since, well, it was [two days out of private beta](https://gardening.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/86/angling-joke-sounding-questions-for-experts#comment117_89). Looking at the most recent [site evalutation](https://gardening.meta.stackexchange.com/q/456/95), I'm not convinced that we have the right mix of users on the site to fulfill our motto: [expert answers to your [gardening] questions](http://stackexchange.com/). I decided to ask around in [The Garden Shed](http://chat.stackexchange.com/transcript/546/2013/8/26) and it seems we do have some professionals among us. I've also personally benefited with answers from people who are more knowledgeable than I am. But judging from answers to the sample questions, we could use some more experienced gardeners.
What can those of us who have an interest in Gardening do to attract more knowledgable gardeners? | 2013/09/07 | [
"https://gardening.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/461",
"https://gardening.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://gardening.meta.stackexchange.com/users/95/"
] | I suppose I could be considered an expert in gardening because I did the study and have qualifications, though I don't like the term. The point about horticulture is its variable, its not like coding - make a mistake with coding and the programme won't work, or will glitch, but that's not always true with horticulture. In the 40 years I've been in this field, I've met 'amateur' gardeners who have specialised in a group of plants, and now have become 'expert' regarding those, without any scientific knowledge or qualification, and others who have methods not written down anywhere. There is a very long history of human beings growing things, and most of them have managed to do that without the benefit of instruction in, say, gas exchange, root initiation, plant hormones, etc. The point is to do what works, whether that be backed up by science or not.
The other point I'd make is that often, a question posted does not require any kind of scientific answer, necessarily. An explanation of the fact that your tree being covered in ants is merely a symptom of another problem is useful, but for the average person with a problem, they don't want to hear about cation exchange or the krebs cycle, they just want to know what's wrong and what to do to put it right. So I'm not at all sure that a concentrated focus on science and scientific answers is particularly useful, and will certainly put off ordinary gardeners who don't have much knowledge, but like to grow plants.
I'd use the example of children - when they ask a question, parents are advised to answer only the question that has been asked, and not end up giving a half an hour lecture covering the entire subject asked about. Adults aren't much different - if they want to know whether it's 'safe' to use a particular chemical, they don't want to have to read a dissertation which doesn't even give a clear answer. An insistence on scientific explanation and being an 'expert' may well deter knowledgeable amateurs from participating on this site, in particular when it comes to answering questions.
Striking a balance between experience, scientific horticultural knowledge and common sense is critical if you want to build both a community, and have useful, accurate information. As for 'experts' in horticulture, I have heard at least two well known gardening experts in the UK be disparaging about that term, for they know that, although they have all the right qualifications and a lot of experience, they still find new information from amateurs when they visit their gardens. Life is infinitely variable, and horticulture deals with life.
I guess I should also add that I feel differently about information - my feeling is information is free and should be freely exchanged, so that's what I do. But I do recognise that other people earn their living from disseminating information, so before I get the kickback, I realise it's ridiculously idealistic to say it should be free, but each to his own. | Here are my thoughts on the matter...
There are a bunch of already established gardening forums with active communities. The "experts" have already found their home in them. Other experts have built their own homes along the lines of new forums, blogs, facebook pages, twitter, etc.
If they build their own presence they derive benefits from it including more control, a way to promote themselves and the possibility of earning revenue either by advertising their own services and products or by earning revenue from ads and affiliates.
Information has value. What is the benefit for experts to give that value to a site like this rather than to keep it to themselves? That's not a criticism of the site but it's a question you want to think about if you want more expert participation. (When I say value, I'm not implying money.) Also for manufacturers and retailers they already have a few main channels that they use to interact with their customers. They don't want to add another "inbox".
I don't like the way Jeff handled his example. He copied Tim Bray's tweet verbatim with absolutely no attribution as to its source. That's no better than what a scraper site would do. A friendlier, more organic way to do it would be to tweet back at Tim with something like "Hey try asking at apple.stackexchange.com" and hope he joins and asks the question.
I've also seen people asking questions just to have the question on here then they copy and paste the answer (including graphics) from other sites just to add that information on G&L. Again, just like a scraper site. As I'm writing this I see a perfect example. [Are chemical fertilizers poisonous to people or animals?](https://gardening.stackexchange.com/questions/8348/are-chemical-fertilizers-poisonous-to-people-or-animals)
These types of things seem to go against the principles of the site and if it continues then there's a risk of becoming nothing more than a spammy answer site.
Communities don't develop overnight and forcing it to can cause problems. Don't take the walled garden approach and feel you have to have an answer for every question. All that does is create pages with duplicate content.
Let's say an expert sees referrer traffic from SE to their site and visits the pages. Then they see someone copying and pasting entire sections from their own site to answer a question. How would that make them feel about the site? Would that make them want to participate?
The stack exchange network already has a good core set of users that like how SE works. These users have varied interests beyond the boards they currently follow. Make sure they know about the other sites in the network. From looking at the profiles of some of the regulars here it seems that there are a lot of people with a tech background that joined GL after using other SE sites. These are the people that are going to be the experts of G&L. I'm sure there are more out there on other sites that have an interest in gardening and landscaping, who like how SE works and would enjoy contributing. Help them find this site.
SE does do some things better than other sites that can help attract more experts. Some sites are very strict when it comes to linking to your own pages which SE is not as long as you're not just spamming links. I've even seen sites where they charge businesses to participate on their forums which just sends them away. You can only do that if you're the absolute top destination for those customers to begin with.
I don't know that I'd call myself an expert but over the years I've gained a lot of knowledge about organic lawn care and gardening. I stopped participating in a lot of forums and created my own site a few years ago when I realized my knowledge had value and I didn't just want to give that away to another site for them to make money. The reason I began participating on SE is because I like the format, I visit other SE sites and I like that my participation can help build awareness of my own site. My site I feel also helps reinforce any answers I provide on here so people can see I have some experience in the matters I'm talking about.
Let's go back to what Jeff did. Imagine I didn't create an account here and I just browsed the site and whenever I saw a question I could answer I copied it and posted it to my own site and answered it there. How would you guys feel about that? Probably not too good I'm guessing. It's not a friendly way of doing things and it doesn't help build a community.
There are even content mills that pay users one way or another for their contributions. So what do experts get out of sharing their valuable knowledge on SE? Another question to consider. (Again, not implying it should be money. I don't like content mills or scraper sites in general.) Like I said, for me it's exposure for my own site. When I respond to a question it's not just with a link to my own site (if applicable). I answer the question but also provide a link if I can that adds to my answer or supports it in some way. This is allowed by SE's policies and I think the way SE does things is one of the more equitable ways of doing it. The asker benefits from my participation, as does SE and I get a little something for my time too.
The example of the previous thread I mentioned I feel is the wrong way to go for a number of reasons. Don't copy content. Don't try to be wikipedia. Become a hub of information and build a community based on existing users on other parts of SEN.
Also wanted to add... I am not active in other SE sites but I visit them frequently when looking for tech or development related questions. Other answer and "how to" sites I skip over in search results. The reason I don't do that with SE is because I trust the quality of the information. If GL doesn't reflect that same quality and becomes a manually created scraper site, my opinion changes and it becomes I site I don't feel worth participating in anymore and I'll tend to skip over it in search results too. I'm sure SE won't miss me :) but I don't think I'd be the only one feeling that way. |
461 | I've been concerned about a lack of knowledgeable users on the site since, well, it was [two days out of private beta](https://gardening.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/86/angling-joke-sounding-questions-for-experts#comment117_89). Looking at the most recent [site evalutation](https://gardening.meta.stackexchange.com/q/456/95), I'm not convinced that we have the right mix of users on the site to fulfill our motto: [expert answers to your [gardening] questions](http://stackexchange.com/). I decided to ask around in [The Garden Shed](http://chat.stackexchange.com/transcript/546/2013/8/26) and it seems we do have some professionals among us. I've also personally benefited with answers from people who are more knowledgeable than I am. But judging from answers to the sample questions, we could use some more experienced gardeners.
What can those of us who have an interest in Gardening do to attract more knowledgable gardeners? | 2013/09/07 | [
"https://gardening.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/461",
"https://gardening.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://gardening.meta.stackexchange.com/users/95/"
] | I agree with [John Ericson's answer](https://gardening.meta.stackexchange.com/a/462/2692). So won't reiterate his points.
**Disclaimer:**
*When I refer to the scientific process here, I am not making an argument for or against organic vs scientific gardening, I am NOT addressing this issue at all. I am not saying a gardening expert has to be a scientist, I am referring to the process that improves knowledge base as a way to maintain a quality site.*
---
**My background:**
I do not profess to be an expert in gardening. I have been a gardener my whole life, I learnt to garden from helping my mother and grandfather garden. My grandfather learnt to garden from growing up on a farm. So my knowledge and experience comes from this; watching gardening shows, reading articles and exchanging ideas. I have practical, expertise in the immediate environment I live in, as I have spent over 4 decades working within it. So I would qualify myself as a user of the site as a consumer, rather than an expert providing good answers.
I am replying to this post, as I have a keen interest in the success of SE beta sites.
---
Many of the beta sites have difficulty in maintaining that balance between quality, expert posts and just struggling to get posts on the board.
This question posted on SE Cognitive Sciences Meta, discusses this issue, from a slightly different viewpoint, but in essence it's the same topic.
[Striking a balance between citations and common sense in answers](https://cogsci.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/624/striking-a-balance-between-citations-and-common-sense-in-answers)
There's a few issues:
SE is reknown for it's programming expertise, it is linked in the MSDN (Microsoft Developer Network) searches, along with all the Microsoft site links. Currently, this is Stack's most notable achievement.
To gain the same credibility for other Stack sites, just takes time and careful moderation to foster the community.
I agree with Randy, that the commercial aspects of gardening are a, potential, hindrance in this current socio-economic climate. One way to circumvent this is to rely on scientific methodology. As with the success of StackOverflow, there is nothing lost in an individual's commercial interests, in promoting good coding practices. In fact, as an industry, it is beneficial to encourage good coding practices. Just as in the sharing and pooling of scientific resources, this assists the scientific community.
>
> [The scientific method](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_method) is a body of techniques for investigating phenomena, acquiring new knowledge, or correcting and integrating previous knowledge.[1](https://gardening.meta.stackexchange.com/a/462/2692) To be termed scientific, a method of inquiry must be based on empirical and measurable evidence subject to specific principles of reasoning.[2](https://cogsci.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/624/striking-a-balance-between-citations-and-common-sense-in-answers) ...
>
>
> The chief characteristic which distinguishes the scientific method from other methods of acquiring knowledge is that scientists seek to let reality speak for itself,[discuss] supporting a theory when a theory's predictions are confirmed and challenging a theory when its predictions prove false. ...
>
>
> Scientific inquiry is generally intended to be as objective as possible in order to reduce biased interpretations of results. Another basic expectation is to document, archive and share all data and methodology so they are available for careful scrutiny by other scientists, giving them the opportunity to verify results by attempting to reproduce them. This practice, called full disclosure, also allows statistical measures of the reliability of these data to be established (when data is sampled or compared to chance).
>
>
>
**So my suggestion is this:**
I would discourage dissention within your community. When applying the scientific process, there is value in many gardening methods. The old, the new. A good site provide alternatives and it is the mix of alternative solutions that will keep people engaged.
This site is totally voluntary, and unless an individual wants to invest, with [venture capital](https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/79435/what-is-stack-overflows-business-model), there is no point for people to complain about loss of business. Stack Overflow has proven, that good contributions there, only enhances a person's reputation within the programming community; and in turn, any possible business endeavours. Having said this, this is accumulated over time and with consistent contribution.
The key factors are this:
* The way to maintain a quality site, is to use the vote and flag
system methodically to teach users, what is welcome and what is not.
This system has proved to be successful.
* For the core users of the community to try to work with consensus, and maintain focus away from gratuitous disagreement about gardening practices on the site, and, instead, to focus on providing quality answers.
* Stay on-topic. Don't let personal agenda or personalities affect the quality of your posts.
As experts cannot be solicited to contribute here, the only way to make people consider the site is worthwhile is by providing a degree of "professionalism" within the conduct of the community. From there, quality answers grow.
*My ten cents.* | Gardening is competitive, where people have invested interests in products or a methodology of gardening. Experts may not want to contribute because they sell their skills in seminars and consulting or have products with sales that depend on a public believing a certain way. Experts may be biased as to a type of gardening, for instance organic gardening is fashionable these days, therefore if you want to sell your products, you will be biased in your information. This is in stark contrast to any other SE site. In math, physics, chemistry, biology, auto repair, home improvement, cognitive science, seasoned advice, skeptics, etc, etc there are no two opposing philosophies which are competiting for credibility. Additionally, if the gardening site is predominantly organic gardeners, then more scientific gardeners won't fit in and will leave. This dichotomy must be resolved if SE is to be a source of factual information instead of merely popular information.
Therefore, it's not necessary to have experts per se, but it's necessary to have people who aren't biased in their thinking or have invested interest in perpetuating a biased thinking and who seek to learn and become experts one day. These are the people who will have motivation to provide factual content to the site... those who are still in the process of becoming experts.
I also think [Are chemical fertilizers poisonous to people or animals?](https://gardening.stackexchange.com/questions/8348/are-chemical-fertilizers-poisonous-to-people-or-animals) is a good example. Here we have a simple Q n A where an answer has been posted which doesn't answer the question, but strays off into a debate tangential to the question and which displays an obvious bias. If you open an encyclopedia to find the toxicity of a compound, and instead you find a commentary about how you should not be worried about toxicity, but the impact to the environment or some other tangential topic, would you feel that is a factual source of information? If you're an expert in the field, would you want to contribute to such an encyclopedia?
Here is another example [What is the best way to sow grass seed in high rainfall areas?](https://gardening.stackexchange.com/questions/8313/what-is-the-best-way-to-sow-grass-seed-in-high-rainfall-areas) where the question wasn't answered, but deliberately not answered in favor of commentary based on assumptions (incorrect ones as it turned out).
These types of answers would never be accepted in many other SE sites. The garden site seems to be the only community I'm aware of where straying off-topic and NOT answering questions is actively encouraged. If you're an expert, would you want to participate in such an environment? |
461 | I've been concerned about a lack of knowledgeable users on the site since, well, it was [two days out of private beta](https://gardening.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/86/angling-joke-sounding-questions-for-experts#comment117_89). Looking at the most recent [site evalutation](https://gardening.meta.stackexchange.com/q/456/95), I'm not convinced that we have the right mix of users on the site to fulfill our motto: [expert answers to your [gardening] questions](http://stackexchange.com/). I decided to ask around in [The Garden Shed](http://chat.stackexchange.com/transcript/546/2013/8/26) and it seems we do have some professionals among us. I've also personally benefited with answers from people who are more knowledgeable than I am. But judging from answers to the sample questions, we could use some more experienced gardeners.
What can those of us who have an interest in Gardening do to attract more knowledgable gardeners? | 2013/09/07 | [
"https://gardening.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/461",
"https://gardening.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://gardening.meta.stackexchange.com/users/95/"
] | I suppose I could be considered an expert in gardening because I did the study and have qualifications, though I don't like the term. The point about horticulture is its variable, its not like coding - make a mistake with coding and the programme won't work, or will glitch, but that's not always true with horticulture. In the 40 years I've been in this field, I've met 'amateur' gardeners who have specialised in a group of plants, and now have become 'expert' regarding those, without any scientific knowledge or qualification, and others who have methods not written down anywhere. There is a very long history of human beings growing things, and most of them have managed to do that without the benefit of instruction in, say, gas exchange, root initiation, plant hormones, etc. The point is to do what works, whether that be backed up by science or not.
The other point I'd make is that often, a question posted does not require any kind of scientific answer, necessarily. An explanation of the fact that your tree being covered in ants is merely a symptom of another problem is useful, but for the average person with a problem, they don't want to hear about cation exchange or the krebs cycle, they just want to know what's wrong and what to do to put it right. So I'm not at all sure that a concentrated focus on science and scientific answers is particularly useful, and will certainly put off ordinary gardeners who don't have much knowledge, but like to grow plants.
I'd use the example of children - when they ask a question, parents are advised to answer only the question that has been asked, and not end up giving a half an hour lecture covering the entire subject asked about. Adults aren't much different - if they want to know whether it's 'safe' to use a particular chemical, they don't want to have to read a dissertation which doesn't even give a clear answer. An insistence on scientific explanation and being an 'expert' may well deter knowledgeable amateurs from participating on this site, in particular when it comes to answering questions.
Striking a balance between experience, scientific horticultural knowledge and common sense is critical if you want to build both a community, and have useful, accurate information. As for 'experts' in horticulture, I have heard at least two well known gardening experts in the UK be disparaging about that term, for they know that, although they have all the right qualifications and a lot of experience, they still find new information from amateurs when they visit their gardens. Life is infinitely variable, and horticulture deals with life.
I guess I should also add that I feel differently about information - my feeling is information is free and should be freely exchanged, so that's what I do. But I do recognise that other people earn their living from disseminating information, so before I get the kickback, I realise it's ridiculously idealistic to say it should be free, but each to his own. | Gardening is competitive, where people have invested interests in products or a methodology of gardening. Experts may not want to contribute because they sell their skills in seminars and consulting or have products with sales that depend on a public believing a certain way. Experts may be biased as to a type of gardening, for instance organic gardening is fashionable these days, therefore if you want to sell your products, you will be biased in your information. This is in stark contrast to any other SE site. In math, physics, chemistry, biology, auto repair, home improvement, cognitive science, seasoned advice, skeptics, etc, etc there are no two opposing philosophies which are competiting for credibility. Additionally, if the gardening site is predominantly organic gardeners, then more scientific gardeners won't fit in and will leave. This dichotomy must be resolved if SE is to be a source of factual information instead of merely popular information.
Therefore, it's not necessary to have experts per se, but it's necessary to have people who aren't biased in their thinking or have invested interest in perpetuating a biased thinking and who seek to learn and become experts one day. These are the people who will have motivation to provide factual content to the site... those who are still in the process of becoming experts.
I also think [Are chemical fertilizers poisonous to people or animals?](https://gardening.stackexchange.com/questions/8348/are-chemical-fertilizers-poisonous-to-people-or-animals) is a good example. Here we have a simple Q n A where an answer has been posted which doesn't answer the question, but strays off into a debate tangential to the question and which displays an obvious bias. If you open an encyclopedia to find the toxicity of a compound, and instead you find a commentary about how you should not be worried about toxicity, but the impact to the environment or some other tangential topic, would you feel that is a factual source of information? If you're an expert in the field, would you want to contribute to such an encyclopedia?
Here is another example [What is the best way to sow grass seed in high rainfall areas?](https://gardening.stackexchange.com/questions/8313/what-is-the-best-way-to-sow-grass-seed-in-high-rainfall-areas) where the question wasn't answered, but deliberately not answered in favor of commentary based on assumptions (incorrect ones as it turned out).
These types of answers would never be accepted in many other SE sites. The garden site seems to be the only community I'm aware of where straying off-topic and NOT answering questions is actively encouraged. If you're an expert, would you want to participate in such an environment? |
461 | I've been concerned about a lack of knowledgeable users on the site since, well, it was [two days out of private beta](https://gardening.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/86/angling-joke-sounding-questions-for-experts#comment117_89). Looking at the most recent [site evalutation](https://gardening.meta.stackexchange.com/q/456/95), I'm not convinced that we have the right mix of users on the site to fulfill our motto: [expert answers to your [gardening] questions](http://stackexchange.com/). I decided to ask around in [The Garden Shed](http://chat.stackexchange.com/transcript/546/2013/8/26) and it seems we do have some professionals among us. I've also personally benefited with answers from people who are more knowledgeable than I am. But judging from answers to the sample questions, we could use some more experienced gardeners.
What can those of us who have an interest in Gardening do to attract more knowledgable gardeners? | 2013/09/07 | [
"https://gardening.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/461",
"https://gardening.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://gardening.meta.stackexchange.com/users/95/"
] | I suppose I could be considered an expert in gardening because I did the study and have qualifications, though I don't like the term. The point about horticulture is its variable, its not like coding - make a mistake with coding and the programme won't work, or will glitch, but that's not always true with horticulture. In the 40 years I've been in this field, I've met 'amateur' gardeners who have specialised in a group of plants, and now have become 'expert' regarding those, without any scientific knowledge or qualification, and others who have methods not written down anywhere. There is a very long history of human beings growing things, and most of them have managed to do that without the benefit of instruction in, say, gas exchange, root initiation, plant hormones, etc. The point is to do what works, whether that be backed up by science or not.
The other point I'd make is that often, a question posted does not require any kind of scientific answer, necessarily. An explanation of the fact that your tree being covered in ants is merely a symptom of another problem is useful, but for the average person with a problem, they don't want to hear about cation exchange or the krebs cycle, they just want to know what's wrong and what to do to put it right. So I'm not at all sure that a concentrated focus on science and scientific answers is particularly useful, and will certainly put off ordinary gardeners who don't have much knowledge, but like to grow plants.
I'd use the example of children - when they ask a question, parents are advised to answer only the question that has been asked, and not end up giving a half an hour lecture covering the entire subject asked about. Adults aren't much different - if they want to know whether it's 'safe' to use a particular chemical, they don't want to have to read a dissertation which doesn't even give a clear answer. An insistence on scientific explanation and being an 'expert' may well deter knowledgeable amateurs from participating on this site, in particular when it comes to answering questions.
Striking a balance between experience, scientific horticultural knowledge and common sense is critical if you want to build both a community, and have useful, accurate information. As for 'experts' in horticulture, I have heard at least two well known gardening experts in the UK be disparaging about that term, for they know that, although they have all the right qualifications and a lot of experience, they still find new information from amateurs when they visit their gardens. Life is infinitely variable, and horticulture deals with life.
I guess I should also add that I feel differently about information - my feeling is information is free and should be freely exchanged, so that's what I do. But I do recognise that other people earn their living from disseminating information, so before I get the kickback, I realise it's ridiculously idealistic to say it should be free, but each to his own. | I agree with [John Ericson's answer](https://gardening.meta.stackexchange.com/a/462/2692). So won't reiterate his points.
**Disclaimer:**
*When I refer to the scientific process here, I am not making an argument for or against organic vs scientific gardening, I am NOT addressing this issue at all. I am not saying a gardening expert has to be a scientist, I am referring to the process that improves knowledge base as a way to maintain a quality site.*
---
**My background:**
I do not profess to be an expert in gardening. I have been a gardener my whole life, I learnt to garden from helping my mother and grandfather garden. My grandfather learnt to garden from growing up on a farm. So my knowledge and experience comes from this; watching gardening shows, reading articles and exchanging ideas. I have practical, expertise in the immediate environment I live in, as I have spent over 4 decades working within it. So I would qualify myself as a user of the site as a consumer, rather than an expert providing good answers.
I am replying to this post, as I have a keen interest in the success of SE beta sites.
---
Many of the beta sites have difficulty in maintaining that balance between quality, expert posts and just struggling to get posts on the board.
This question posted on SE Cognitive Sciences Meta, discusses this issue, from a slightly different viewpoint, but in essence it's the same topic.
[Striking a balance between citations and common sense in answers](https://cogsci.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/624/striking-a-balance-between-citations-and-common-sense-in-answers)
There's a few issues:
SE is reknown for it's programming expertise, it is linked in the MSDN (Microsoft Developer Network) searches, along with all the Microsoft site links. Currently, this is Stack's most notable achievement.
To gain the same credibility for other Stack sites, just takes time and careful moderation to foster the community.
I agree with Randy, that the commercial aspects of gardening are a, potential, hindrance in this current socio-economic climate. One way to circumvent this is to rely on scientific methodology. As with the success of StackOverflow, there is nothing lost in an individual's commercial interests, in promoting good coding practices. In fact, as an industry, it is beneficial to encourage good coding practices. Just as in the sharing and pooling of scientific resources, this assists the scientific community.
>
> [The scientific method](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_method) is a body of techniques for investigating phenomena, acquiring new knowledge, or correcting and integrating previous knowledge.[1](https://gardening.meta.stackexchange.com/a/462/2692) To be termed scientific, a method of inquiry must be based on empirical and measurable evidence subject to specific principles of reasoning.[2](https://cogsci.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/624/striking-a-balance-between-citations-and-common-sense-in-answers) ...
>
>
> The chief characteristic which distinguishes the scientific method from other methods of acquiring knowledge is that scientists seek to let reality speak for itself,[discuss] supporting a theory when a theory's predictions are confirmed and challenging a theory when its predictions prove false. ...
>
>
> Scientific inquiry is generally intended to be as objective as possible in order to reduce biased interpretations of results. Another basic expectation is to document, archive and share all data and methodology so they are available for careful scrutiny by other scientists, giving them the opportunity to verify results by attempting to reproduce them. This practice, called full disclosure, also allows statistical measures of the reliability of these data to be established (when data is sampled or compared to chance).
>
>
>
**So my suggestion is this:**
I would discourage dissention within your community. When applying the scientific process, there is value in many gardening methods. The old, the new. A good site provide alternatives and it is the mix of alternative solutions that will keep people engaged.
This site is totally voluntary, and unless an individual wants to invest, with [venture capital](https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/79435/what-is-stack-overflows-business-model), there is no point for people to complain about loss of business. Stack Overflow has proven, that good contributions there, only enhances a person's reputation within the programming community; and in turn, any possible business endeavours. Having said this, this is accumulated over time and with consistent contribution.
The key factors are this:
* The way to maintain a quality site, is to use the vote and flag
system methodically to teach users, what is welcome and what is not.
This system has proved to be successful.
* For the core users of the community to try to work with consensus, and maintain focus away from gratuitous disagreement about gardening practices on the site, and, instead, to focus on providing quality answers.
* Stay on-topic. Don't let personal agenda or personalities affect the quality of your posts.
As experts cannot be solicited to contribute here, the only way to make people consider the site is worthwhile is by providing a degree of "professionalism" within the conduct of the community. From there, quality answers grow.
*My ten cents.* |
161,806 | I've made a subclass for Wizard, hoping to make a sort of spellmancer (manipulating and changing spells). I wanted to capture some of the feelings of Sorcerer and their Metamagic, but repurposed for Wizard, having it rely much more on the magic around you and not within you.
Also, since I haven't made much homebrew myself, I'm worried how this stacks up compared to the other subclasses, whether some of the features might be a bit (or even a lot) too powerful. Finally, I'm unsure exactly what order the features should be acquired in, if a different ordering would make more sense or be more balanced, that would be appreciated input.
>
> **Description:**
>
>
> The existence of the Weave has long been known, it is a great well of magic from which Arcane casters carefully pluck strands to maneuver, smooth, and shape into the spells they desire. Many believed that to be the full extent of spellcasting, that is, until the first Weavers; Wizards who stared so deep into the Weave, the Weave stared back. These Wizards find themselves communicating constantly with the Weave, their spells forever changed, forever changing still.
>
>
> **Borrowed Threads:**
>
>
> Starting at 2nd level, you can repurpose the threads of recent magic to better suit your own spells. Any time you cast a spell, you can change its damage type to match the last spell that targeted or was cast from an area within 30 feet of you. If the spell dealt multiple damage types, you choose which one to use. This feature only works if the chosen spell was cast within the last minute. Until you finish a short or long rest, the same spell cannot borrow another thread and its damage type remains changed. Note that this works with spells cast by anybody, enemies, allies, even yourself; however, it's always only the most recently cast spell.
>
>
> **Reweaving Techniques:**
>
>
> Starting at 6th level you’ve unlocked the ability to perfect the spells of others. Whenever a spell of 1st level or higher is cast from within 60 feet of you, you can use your reaction and a spell slot whose level is equal to or greater than the target spell, causing it to have no effect. You now have that spell prepared if you did not already and can cast it as normal; counting it as a Wizard spell for you. You cannot use this feature again until you finish a long rest, at which point the you lose your connection with the spell and no longer have it prepared.
>
>
> **Correcting Misthreadings:**
>
>
> Starting at 10th level, you are better able to deal with the harsh reality that sometimes, when you cast a spell, everything goes wrong and the Weave does not seem to respond to your skill. If a spell you cast has no effects, you can immediately recast the spell using another spell slot (no action required). The second slot need not be the same level as the first, and need not target the same creature(s). You cannot cast this spell again until you finish a long rest.
>
>
> A spell "has no effects" if it results in no damage being dealt and it has no lingering effects. With a spell such as *hold monster*, all the targets would have to succeed on their saves. With a spell such as *fireball*, all the targets would have to be immune to fire damage. With a spell such as *wall of stone*, *counterspell* would have to be cast (*counterspell* always makes a spell eligible for Correcting Misthreadings)
>
>
> **Pieces of the Tapestry:**
>
>
> Starting at 14th level, you have become a friend to the Weave and can thus carry pieces with you. Each time you complete a long rest you obtain three pieces of the Weave; you can never carry more than three pieces at a time. You can shatter a Piece of the Weave as an action, returning it to the Weave and providing one of the following effects:
>
>
> * You cast *dispel magic* as a 6th level spell.
> * You cast any cantrip, it counts as a Wizard spell for you.
> * For 1 minute, you gain resistance to damage from spells and magical effects.
>
>
>
There are some thing I'm worried about in particular:
* Whether this subclass benefits too much from spellcasting allies, such as by obtaining a spell with Reweaving Techniques.
* Whether Correcting Misthreading's cost is too high (no reaction, but you lose a spell slot and the ability to cast that spell).
* Whether the Pieces of the Tapestry's options are balanced amongst themselves, the cantrips offer great versatility, but then I'm unsure what level *dispel magic* would be best at, and whether the third option is too strong. I'd be perfectly happy having it just be the first two options anyhow.
* Does this step too much on the toes (mechanics and flavor) of Sorcerer? | 2019/12/23 | [
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/questions/161806",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/users/36521/"
] | Surprisingly, this is slightly underpowered, though quite similar to the Lore Mastery subclass, which I will compare it to. Compared to the PHB classes only, however, it is balanced.
Borrowing Threads: This is far worse than Lore Mastery, which can change the damage types of any spell at will, and gets expertise in 4 skills, can use INT for initiative, and can change a saving throw, all at level 2.
Reweaving Techniques: You get access to counterspell at level 5, so it is balanced to give a once per long rest improved version of it. Similar to rogue spell thief, but more powerful as you are a full caster, not a third caster.
Correct Misthreadings: This is actually fairly weak, as you still use another spell slot, so all you are saving is an action. Compare this to the Lore Master, who by this time can prepare any spell they know as a bonus action, hit enemies a mile away, or increase their DC by 2. I would rather use my familiar or my allies to impose disadvantage on my enemies saves then spend another spellslot with another risk of failure.
Pieces of the Tapestry: This is on par with the Lore Mastery's ability. They get to cast any spell from any spell list once per long rest. You only get that for cantrips, but you can do it thrice per long rest, and can also get magic resistance or a free 6th level spell.
### Recommended Language clarifications
1. You should make it clear if spells cast by you/your allies count for
the Borrowing Threads feature.
2. I would also make it so the Pieces of the Tapestry cantrip makes you
know that cantrip until the next long rest if that is not what is
already intended to do, as otherwise casting a cantrip once is
underwhelming compared to the other options. This would be on par
with the Artificers 10th level Right Cantrip for the Job feature. | Seems a bit on the weak side, and entirely too party-dependent.
At 2nd level, Borrowed Threads lets you change the elemental type of every one of your damaging attack cantrips for free, as long as you have at least one party member who can cast a cantrip spell of that element. That degree of intensity of party synergy is a bit problematic, as it's too swingy. Either weave wizards in a party that has those elements will be a bit too strong, or those in a party that does not will be a bit too weak.
This is particularly pertinent as a two-level dip for warlocks, as it lets them change the element of Eldritch Blast to something that they can deal additional damage with. In particular, lvl 6 celestial warlocks already deal extra damage with fire and radiant spells.
Reweaving technique is a bit odd, but not terrible. It's not significantly more powerful than casting counterspell, and the additional spell access is a bit too unreliable to build around. Worth noting that this doe let you steal spells from willing allies, which can matter for those spells that have permanent effects (like, say, Find Steed). Even so, that's just one more way to do it... a ring of spell storing will let you do the same and far more of it. Still, it's another one for the "this could be really cool in the right party" pile.
Correcting Misthreadings is interesting. It's not a big deal with standard spell slot spells. Those, you generally expect to not fail. It *is* a big deal with Cantrips, which are generally both free to cast and all-or-nothing. Having an extra shot at casting yoru cantrips whenever they fail is potentially a big deal. That's rendered much less of an issue by the fact that it turns off the cantrip in question until the next logn rest, but it seems like it might not have been your intention.
Pieces of the Tapestry is... honestly, it's pretty weird. It's hard to say how to class this. "Cast a cantrip from any class" is pretty much just a utility power for "If this issue could be fixed by a cantrip, and no one in the party has it, you can say that you do." That's useful, certainly, but it's hard to judge for a lvl 14 character, who will presumably have quite a large number of ways of dealing wiht situations already. Up to 3 extra castings of lvl 6 dispel magic per day is certainly *powerful*, but dispel magic is kind of niche, which means that you could have this be super-useful once, and then nothing for a month. I guess it saves you that spells known slot? Broad resistance to damage for a minute is nice and all, but the fact that it takes an action and only lasts a minute means that it, too, is kind of niche. On the whole, this seems like much of the rest of the type - niche, interesting, but not necessarily all that powerful. I'd honestly want to see something a bit beefier for lvl 14. Lvl 14 is the level you put things so that CharOp types whimper about the fact that they can't get both this and the level 7 of something else.
Overall, it's flavorful but weak. it can be buffed up by optimization and the right party, but even with that it's not severely broken. Without it... well, it wont' be unplayable because you could take a wizard that ignored their arcane tradition entirely and it would still be playable. In general, though, I'd make Correcting Misthreadings require that the spell in question require a spell slot, I'd make Borrowed Threads only work on Wizard spells, and then I'd look for one or two nice advantages to add in to make it worth playing. Maybe buff up Pieces of the Tapestry with somethign consistently useful and then add in something else at an earlier level? I'd say let the pieces cast lvl 6 counterspell as one of the options, but that might be too strong. Maybe lvl 4 counterspell? |
161,806 | I've made a subclass for Wizard, hoping to make a sort of spellmancer (manipulating and changing spells). I wanted to capture some of the feelings of Sorcerer and their Metamagic, but repurposed for Wizard, having it rely much more on the magic around you and not within you.
Also, since I haven't made much homebrew myself, I'm worried how this stacks up compared to the other subclasses, whether some of the features might be a bit (or even a lot) too powerful. Finally, I'm unsure exactly what order the features should be acquired in, if a different ordering would make more sense or be more balanced, that would be appreciated input.
>
> **Description:**
>
>
> The existence of the Weave has long been known, it is a great well of magic from which Arcane casters carefully pluck strands to maneuver, smooth, and shape into the spells they desire. Many believed that to be the full extent of spellcasting, that is, until the first Weavers; Wizards who stared so deep into the Weave, the Weave stared back. These Wizards find themselves communicating constantly with the Weave, their spells forever changed, forever changing still.
>
>
> **Borrowed Threads:**
>
>
> Starting at 2nd level, you can repurpose the threads of recent magic to better suit your own spells. Any time you cast a spell, you can change its damage type to match the last spell that targeted or was cast from an area within 30 feet of you. If the spell dealt multiple damage types, you choose which one to use. This feature only works if the chosen spell was cast within the last minute. Until you finish a short or long rest, the same spell cannot borrow another thread and its damage type remains changed. Note that this works with spells cast by anybody, enemies, allies, even yourself; however, it's always only the most recently cast spell.
>
>
> **Reweaving Techniques:**
>
>
> Starting at 6th level you’ve unlocked the ability to perfect the spells of others. Whenever a spell of 1st level or higher is cast from within 60 feet of you, you can use your reaction and a spell slot whose level is equal to or greater than the target spell, causing it to have no effect. You now have that spell prepared if you did not already and can cast it as normal; counting it as a Wizard spell for you. You cannot use this feature again until you finish a long rest, at which point the you lose your connection with the spell and no longer have it prepared.
>
>
> **Correcting Misthreadings:**
>
>
> Starting at 10th level, you are better able to deal with the harsh reality that sometimes, when you cast a spell, everything goes wrong and the Weave does not seem to respond to your skill. If a spell you cast has no effects, you can immediately recast the spell using another spell slot (no action required). The second slot need not be the same level as the first, and need not target the same creature(s). You cannot cast this spell again until you finish a long rest.
>
>
> A spell "has no effects" if it results in no damage being dealt and it has no lingering effects. With a spell such as *hold monster*, all the targets would have to succeed on their saves. With a spell such as *fireball*, all the targets would have to be immune to fire damage. With a spell such as *wall of stone*, *counterspell* would have to be cast (*counterspell* always makes a spell eligible for Correcting Misthreadings)
>
>
> **Pieces of the Tapestry:**
>
>
> Starting at 14th level, you have become a friend to the Weave and can thus carry pieces with you. Each time you complete a long rest you obtain three pieces of the Weave; you can never carry more than three pieces at a time. You can shatter a Piece of the Weave as an action, returning it to the Weave and providing one of the following effects:
>
>
> * You cast *dispel magic* as a 6th level spell.
> * You cast any cantrip, it counts as a Wizard spell for you.
> * For 1 minute, you gain resistance to damage from spells and magical effects.
>
>
>
There are some thing I'm worried about in particular:
* Whether this subclass benefits too much from spellcasting allies, such as by obtaining a spell with Reweaving Techniques.
* Whether Correcting Misthreading's cost is too high (no reaction, but you lose a spell slot and the ability to cast that spell).
* Whether the Pieces of the Tapestry's options are balanced amongst themselves, the cantrips offer great versatility, but then I'm unsure what level *dispel magic* would be best at, and whether the third option is too strong. I'd be perfectly happy having it just be the first two options anyhow.
* Does this step too much on the toes (mechanics and flavor) of Sorcerer? | 2019/12/23 | [
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/questions/161806",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/users/36521/"
] | Surprisingly, this is slightly underpowered, though quite similar to the Lore Mastery subclass, which I will compare it to. Compared to the PHB classes only, however, it is balanced.
Borrowing Threads: This is far worse than Lore Mastery, which can change the damage types of any spell at will, and gets expertise in 4 skills, can use INT for initiative, and can change a saving throw, all at level 2.
Reweaving Techniques: You get access to counterspell at level 5, so it is balanced to give a once per long rest improved version of it. Similar to rogue spell thief, but more powerful as you are a full caster, not a third caster.
Correct Misthreadings: This is actually fairly weak, as you still use another spell slot, so all you are saving is an action. Compare this to the Lore Master, who by this time can prepare any spell they know as a bonus action, hit enemies a mile away, or increase their DC by 2. I would rather use my familiar or my allies to impose disadvantage on my enemies saves then spend another spellslot with another risk of failure.
Pieces of the Tapestry: This is on par with the Lore Mastery's ability. They get to cast any spell from any spell list once per long rest. You only get that for cantrips, but you can do it thrice per long rest, and can also get magic resistance or a free 6th level spell.
### Recommended Language clarifications
1. You should make it clear if spells cast by you/your allies count for
the Borrowing Threads feature.
2. I would also make it so the Pieces of the Tapestry cantrip makes you
know that cantrip until the next long rest if that is not what is
already intended to do, as otherwise casting a cantrip once is
underwhelming compared to the other options. This would be on par
with the Artificers 10th level Right Cantrip for the Job feature. | This looks like hard bookkeeping, and probably exploitable
==========================================================
I'll start by saying I really like the thematic idea, and it certainly doesn't sound like it's stepping on the toes of the Sorcerer. But mechanically, this'll be very difficult and I would not want to DM a party with one of these for that reason.
If I'm reading **Borrowed Threads** correctly, then using it properly requires to log the locations and moment of casting of any spell cast within the last minute. Since it looks at "spells within 30ft of you", clever maneuvering means you can probably dig through various spell remnants by standing in the right spot, but actually figuring out which spells you can still access will be very difficult.
The generic effect isn't that powerful (as stated in other answers) but the actual mechanic will be very difficult to do right in practice. It'll take up a lot of table time and I can see it leading to arguments.
For **Reweaving techniques**, I feel this will step on the toes of the Bard. Normally, getting access to spells outside your spell list is tricky; only the Bard has some features for it. You get to do it to essentially any spell your party can get access to (including having an NPC cast it) for the remainder of the day.
It's also the **only** way I know of for you to have a spell prepared that's above your normal Wizard level. A multiclass Weaver/caster could use this to have spells prepared that are above the max level they could get with either specific class. That might be exploitable.
Additionally, reweaving (unlike Counterspell) doesn't require you to see the target, nor does it need the target to be a creature. That means this ability might be used to counter spells cast from magical traps or hidden enemies. It doesn't say anything about knowing the spell's level, but the wording suggests that you are told the level since you just "spend a slot", unlike Counterspell, which might fail. This gives you options that are beyond what Counterspell can do and is also likely to grind down gameplay as you'll need to warn the Weaver about a spell in the process of being cast every time to see if they'll want to use this. (The same problem exists with Counterspell, but at least there traps and ambushes aren't tipped off in the same way.)
(You could say that because it's a Reaction that if the player is surprised they don't get to use this, but then that's also likely to end up in arguments.)
**Correcting Misthreadings** is also a tricky one to rule. "Has no effect" makes sense for a spell like Hold Person that has a "save for no effect" line, but Fireball still has the effect of burning down the surrounding area and Thunderwave still produces a thundering wave of sound. These are currently seen as "no effect" if no creatures are hit, which might invite discussion or end up in shenanigans since they certainly do *something*. |
165,041 | When working on developing new software i normally get stuck with the redundancy vs dependencies problem. That is, to either accept a 3rd party library that i have a huge dependencies to or code it myself duplicate all the effect but reduce the dependencies.
Though I've recently been trying to come up with a metric way of weighing up either redundancy in the code and dependencies in the code. For the most part, I've concluded reducing redundancy increases you dependencies in your code. Reducing the dependencies in your code increases redundancy. So its very much counter each other out.
So my question is:
Whats a good metric you've used in the past and do use to weigh up dependencies or redundancy in your code?
One thing I think is soo important is if you choose the dependencies route is you need the tool sets in place so you can quickly examine all the routines and functions that use a specified function. Without those tools set, it seems like redundancy wins.
P.S Following on from an article
[Article](http://www.yosefk.com/blog/redundancy-vs-dependencies-which-is-worse.html) | 2008/10/02 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/165041",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/17382/"
] | I would definitely recommend reading Joels essay on this:
["In Defense of Not-Invented-Here Syndrome"](http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/fog0000000007.html)
For a dependency, the best metric I can think of would be "would the world grind to a halt if this disappeared". For example if the STL of C++ magically went away, tons of programs would stop working. If .Net or Java disappeared, our economy would probably take a beating due to the number of products that stopped working...
I would think in those terms. Of course many things are a shade of gray between "end of world" and "meh" if they disappeared. The closer the dependency is to potentially causing the end-of-the-world if it dissapeared, the more likely it is to be stable, have an active user base, have its issues well-knows, etc. The more users the better.
Its analogous to being a small consumer of some hardware component. Sometimes hardware goes obsolete. Why? Because no one uses it. If you're a small company and need to get a component for your product, you will pick what is commonly available--what the "big players" order in large quantities, hoping this means that (a) the component won't disappear, (b) the problems with the component are well known, (c) there's a large, informed user base and (d) it might cost less and be more readily available.
Sometimes though, you need that special flux-capacitor part and you take the risk that the company selling it to you might not care to keep producing flux-capacitors if you are only ordering 20 a year, and no one seems to care :). In this case, it *might* be worth developing your own flux capacitor instead of relying on that unreliable Doc Brown Inc. Just don't buy Plutonium from the Libyans.
If you've dealt in manufacturing something (especially when you're making far fewer than millions of them per year), you've had to deal with with this problem. Software dependencies, I believe, need to be understood in very similar terms.
How to quantify this into a real metric? Roughly count how many people depend on something. If its high, the risk of the dependency hurting you is much lower, and you can decide at what point the risk is too much. | A possible alternative is to use the external software if it provides a lot of value to your project, but hide this behind a simplified (and more consistent to your project) interface.
This allows you to leverage the power of a third party library, but with much reduced complexity (and as such redundancy) in calling the library. The interface ensures that you don't let the specific style of the third party library bleed into your project and allows you to easily replace it with an internal implementation as and when you think that might be necessary.
A sign of when this is happening might be that the interface you want to support is hampered by the third party library.
The significant downside to this is that it does require extra development and add a certain maintenance impact (this increases with the amount of functionality you need from the library), but allows you to leverage the third party library without too much coupling and without all of your developers needing to understand it.
A good example of this would be the use of an object relation mapper (Hibernate\NHibernate) behind a set of repositories or data access objects, or factories being implemented with an dependency injection framework. |
165,041 | When working on developing new software i normally get stuck with the redundancy vs dependencies problem. That is, to either accept a 3rd party library that i have a huge dependencies to or code it myself duplicate all the effect but reduce the dependencies.
Though I've recently been trying to come up with a metric way of weighing up either redundancy in the code and dependencies in the code. For the most part, I've concluded reducing redundancy increases you dependencies in your code. Reducing the dependencies in your code increases redundancy. So its very much counter each other out.
So my question is:
Whats a good metric you've used in the past and do use to weigh up dependencies or redundancy in your code?
One thing I think is soo important is if you choose the dependencies route is you need the tool sets in place so you can quickly examine all the routines and functions that use a specified function. Without those tools set, it seems like redundancy wins.
P.S Following on from an article
[Article](http://www.yosefk.com/blog/redundancy-vs-dependencies-which-is-worse.html) | 2008/10/02 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/165041",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/17382/"
] | I would definitely recommend reading Joels essay on this:
["In Defense of Not-Invented-Here Syndrome"](http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/fog0000000007.html)
For a dependency, the best metric I can think of would be "would the world grind to a halt if this disappeared". For example if the STL of C++ magically went away, tons of programs would stop working. If .Net or Java disappeared, our economy would probably take a beating due to the number of products that stopped working...
I would think in those terms. Of course many things are a shade of gray between "end of world" and "meh" if they disappeared. The closer the dependency is to potentially causing the end-of-the-world if it dissapeared, the more likely it is to be stable, have an active user base, have its issues well-knows, etc. The more users the better.
Its analogous to being a small consumer of some hardware component. Sometimes hardware goes obsolete. Why? Because no one uses it. If you're a small company and need to get a component for your product, you will pick what is commonly available--what the "big players" order in large quantities, hoping this means that (a) the component won't disappear, (b) the problems with the component are well known, (c) there's a large, informed user base and (d) it might cost less and be more readily available.
Sometimes though, you need that special flux-capacitor part and you take the risk that the company selling it to you might not care to keep producing flux-capacitors if you are only ordering 20 a year, and no one seems to care :). In this case, it *might* be worth developing your own flux capacitor instead of relying on that unreliable Doc Brown Inc. Just don't buy Plutonium from the Libyans.
If you've dealt in manufacturing something (especially when you're making far fewer than millions of them per year), you've had to deal with with this problem. Software dependencies, I believe, need to be understood in very similar terms.
How to quantify this into a real metric? Roughly count how many people depend on something. If its high, the risk of the dependency hurting you is much lower, and you can decide at what point the risk is too much. | I hadn't really considered the criteria I use to decide whether to employ a third party library or not before, but having thought about it, probably the following, in no particular order:
* How widespread the library is (am I going to be able to find support if I need it)
* How likely am I to need to do unexpected things with it (am I going to end up embarking on a three week mission to add the functionality I need?)
* How much of it do I need to use (am I going to spend days learning the ins and outs just to make use of one feature)
* How stable it appears to be (more trouble than it's worth?)
* How stable the interface is (are things likely to change in the next year or two?)
* How interesting is the problem (would I be personally better off implementing it myself? will I learn anything useful?) |
165,041 | When working on developing new software i normally get stuck with the redundancy vs dependencies problem. That is, to either accept a 3rd party library that i have a huge dependencies to or code it myself duplicate all the effect but reduce the dependencies.
Though I've recently been trying to come up with a metric way of weighing up either redundancy in the code and dependencies in the code. For the most part, I've concluded reducing redundancy increases you dependencies in your code. Reducing the dependencies in your code increases redundancy. So its very much counter each other out.
So my question is:
Whats a good metric you've used in the past and do use to weigh up dependencies or redundancy in your code?
One thing I think is soo important is if you choose the dependencies route is you need the tool sets in place so you can quickly examine all the routines and functions that use a specified function. Without those tools set, it seems like redundancy wins.
P.S Following on from an article
[Article](http://www.yosefk.com/blog/redundancy-vs-dependencies-which-is-worse.html) | 2008/10/02 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/165041",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/17382/"
] | I hadn't really considered the criteria I use to decide whether to employ a third party library or not before, but having thought about it, probably the following, in no particular order:
* How widespread the library is (am I going to be able to find support if I need it)
* How likely am I to need to do unexpected things with it (am I going to end up embarking on a three week mission to add the functionality I need?)
* How much of it do I need to use (am I going to spend days learning the ins and outs just to make use of one feature)
* How stable it appears to be (more trouble than it's worth?)
* How stable the interface is (are things likely to change in the next year or two?)
* How interesting is the problem (would I be personally better off implementing it myself? will I learn anything useful?) | A possible alternative is to use the external software if it provides a lot of value to your project, but hide this behind a simplified (and more consistent to your project) interface.
This allows you to leverage the power of a third party library, but with much reduced complexity (and as such redundancy) in calling the library. The interface ensures that you don't let the specific style of the third party library bleed into your project and allows you to easily replace it with an internal implementation as and when you think that might be necessary.
A sign of when this is happening might be that the interface you want to support is hampered by the third party library.
The significant downside to this is that it does require extra development and add a certain maintenance impact (this increases with the amount of functionality you need from the library), but allows you to leverage the third party library without too much coupling and without all of your developers needing to understand it.
A good example of this would be the use of an object relation mapper (Hibernate\NHibernate) behind a set of repositories or data access objects, or factories being implemented with an dependency injection framework. |
45,759,419 | I developed an add-in in JavaScript.
I don't understand how to easily publish and install the Excel add-in that I developed.
I don't want it to be in the Office Add-ins store, just want to send it to specific people to help them get their work done.
How do I get started and what are the processes to follow? I need the installation and uninstallation process to be as easy & quick as possible.
Thanks! | 2017/08/18 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/45759419",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/8309806/"
] | [Here](https://dev.office.com/docs/add-ins/publish/publish) is the official documentation how to deploy an Add-In in your organization. | Copying this from comment to answer at the OP's request:
That error ["... add-ins inserted during development are only available when debugging ..."]usually means that you didn't redeploy the updated manifest to your add-in catalog when you transitioned from development to production. |
45,759,419 | I developed an add-in in JavaScript.
I don't understand how to easily publish and install the Excel add-in that I developed.
I don't want it to be in the Office Add-ins store, just want to send it to specific people to help them get their work done.
How do I get started and what are the processes to follow? I need the installation and uninstallation process to be as easy & quick as possible.
Thanks! | 2017/08/18 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/45759419",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/8309806/"
] | The [documentation](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/office/dev/add-ins/publish/publish) lead me to the section of [Sideload Office Add-ins for testing](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/office/dev/add-ins/testing/sideload-office-add-ins-for-testing), in which I watched [Michael Zlatkovsky](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XXsAw2UUiQo)'s video.
I could successfully load it for an outside-testing use via Excel Online (4:05).
I created the XML file for my solution via Visual Studio, by following [this tutorial](https://channel9.msdn.com/series/officejs/End-to-End-Walkthrough-of-Excel-JavaScript-Add-in-Development) (the part of the XML creation is in 1 hour 21 minutes and further). | Copying this from comment to answer at the OP's request:
That error ["... add-ins inserted during development are only available when debugging ..."]usually means that you didn't redeploy the updated manifest to your add-in catalog when you transitioned from development to production. |
38,273,343 | I am testing CodeIgniter 4, but I am getting this error:
>
> Fatal error: Default value for parameters with a class type hint can only be NULL in C:\xampp\htdocs\CodeIgniter4-develop\system\Config\DotEnv.php on line 121
>
>
>
What am I missing? | 2016/07/08 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/38273343",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/5586609/"
] | You Need **PHP7** for **codeigniter4**.
If you need to test it you can even use any free hosting server like **000webhosting** as i used.
Secondly download **latest code** from ci4 website now its refined. | Update your PHP Version to PHP7.
I was also encountered with this error but finally got the answer on Codeigniter Forum.
<http://forum.codeigniter.com/thread-65773.html> |
38,273,343 | I am testing CodeIgniter 4, but I am getting this error:
>
> Fatal error: Default value for parameters with a class type hint can only be NULL in C:\xampp\htdocs\CodeIgniter4-develop\system\Config\DotEnv.php on line 121
>
>
>
What am I missing? | 2016/07/08 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/38273343",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/5586609/"
] | You Need **PHP7** for **codeigniter4**.
If you need to test it you can even use any free hosting server like **000webhosting** as i used.
Secondly download **latest code** from ci4 website now its refined. | Codeigniter 4 requires php 7.
Verifying that, and then making sure CI works with a clean install from the git repo. Once you see the welcome page then you're good to go. If you are having issues with your own code, then please post that on here. Or post in the repo if you have found a bug in CI4.
>
> *Refer to the Documentation:*
>
>
> PHP version 7.0 or newer is required.
>
>
> <https://bcit-ci.github.io/CodeIgniter4/intro/requirements.html>
>
>
> *Current GitHub Repo:*
>
>
> <https://github.com/bcit-ci/CodeIgniter4>
>
>
> |
1,879 | I have somewhat oddly shaped feet; They're very wide and my big toe on either foot points slightly inwards. Shoes with pointed toes generally cause me a lot of pain, so finding a road shoe has been somewhat difficult.
Typically, I buy shoes that are slightly too big, and I'm wondering how this will affect cycling shoes. I'm looking at a leather pair that has an extra inch of room in the toe, and lacing them up very tightly seems to do the trick for now, but I'm worried they'll stretch with time and become too big to hug my foot tightly.
Has anybody had similar problems finding cycling shoes? Any recommendations for a wide-toed shoe, or some brand specifically known for conforming to your foot over time? | 2010/10/24 | [
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/1879",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/users/607/"
] | Not sure that cycling shoes that are an inch too long would work, the reason being is that your foot would end up pressing down with your toes instead of the ball of your foot, most shoes have some room for adjustment but its measured in millimeters not inches.
A quick google found this site: <http://www.d2shoe.com/2010/customdefined.html> they may be able to accomodate your need, although I dont know how much they will cost! | I wear [bontrager street](http://bontrager.com/model/07820) shoes. They fit me OK, and I have pretty wide feet, and they also come with customizable insoles from esoles. The standard insoles seem to be fine for my feet, but if you have more specialized needs you could get a fitted set (I'd imagine that might cost a lot though). They offer a decent compromise between speed and comfort for me. Also I can walk around in them which is a bit practical advantage.
So I'd give these a look (if you can find any, I don't think they're very widely sold) |
1,879 | I have somewhat oddly shaped feet; They're very wide and my big toe on either foot points slightly inwards. Shoes with pointed toes generally cause me a lot of pain, so finding a road shoe has been somewhat difficult.
Typically, I buy shoes that are slightly too big, and I'm wondering how this will affect cycling shoes. I'm looking at a leather pair that has an extra inch of room in the toe, and lacing them up very tightly seems to do the trick for now, but I'm worried they'll stretch with time and become too big to hug my foot tightly.
Has anybody had similar problems finding cycling shoes? Any recommendations for a wide-toed shoe, or some brand specifically known for conforming to your foot over time? | 2010/10/24 | [
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/1879",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/users/607/"
] | You should look at using mountain style Shimano SPD compatible shoes. In general, mountain shoes have a little more room and give and there are a lot of brands that are SPD compatible.
**Keen** has a line of [cycling shoes and sandals](http://www.keenfootwear.com/wall/shoes/men/pedal) that you can find at larger outdoor retailers like REI or many places online. I mention REI specifically because in the past I have ordered two sizes of clothing and footwear online and returned the one that didn't fit with no hassle.
My experience with **Keen footwear** is that the run a little wide all over and are especially wide in the toe box. | Not sure that cycling shoes that are an inch too long would work, the reason being is that your foot would end up pressing down with your toes instead of the ball of your foot, most shoes have some room for adjustment but its measured in millimeters not inches.
A quick google found this site: <http://www.d2shoe.com/2010/customdefined.html> they may be able to accomodate your need, although I dont know how much they will cost! |
1,879 | I have somewhat oddly shaped feet; They're very wide and my big toe on either foot points slightly inwards. Shoes with pointed toes generally cause me a lot of pain, so finding a road shoe has been somewhat difficult.
Typically, I buy shoes that are slightly too big, and I'm wondering how this will affect cycling shoes. I'm looking at a leather pair that has an extra inch of room in the toe, and lacing them up very tightly seems to do the trick for now, but I'm worried they'll stretch with time and become too big to hug my foot tightly.
Has anybody had similar problems finding cycling shoes? Any recommendations for a wide-toed shoe, or some brand specifically known for conforming to your foot over time? | 2010/10/24 | [
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/1879",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/users/607/"
] | Not sure that cycling shoes that are an inch too long would work, the reason being is that your foot would end up pressing down with your toes instead of the ball of your foot, most shoes have some room for adjustment but its measured in millimeters not inches.
A quick google found this site: <http://www.d2shoe.com/2010/customdefined.html> they may be able to accomodate your need, although I dont know how much they will cost! | <http://www.jejamescycles.co.uk/lake-cx-400-road-shoe-id36796.html>
Looking at the write-up for these, you can apparently place them in a conventional oven to make them pliable enough to be moulded to your foot shape.
I imagine shoes of similar material/build quality will allow the same method.
Not cheap though! |
1,879 | I have somewhat oddly shaped feet; They're very wide and my big toe on either foot points slightly inwards. Shoes with pointed toes generally cause me a lot of pain, so finding a road shoe has been somewhat difficult.
Typically, I buy shoes that are slightly too big, and I'm wondering how this will affect cycling shoes. I'm looking at a leather pair that has an extra inch of room in the toe, and lacing them up very tightly seems to do the trick for now, but I'm worried they'll stretch with time and become too big to hug my foot tightly.
Has anybody had similar problems finding cycling shoes? Any recommendations for a wide-toed shoe, or some brand specifically known for conforming to your foot over time? | 2010/10/24 | [
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/1879",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/users/607/"
] | You should look at using mountain style Shimano SPD compatible shoes. In general, mountain shoes have a little more room and give and there are a lot of brands that are SPD compatible.
**Keen** has a line of [cycling shoes and sandals](http://www.keenfootwear.com/wall/shoes/men/pedal) that you can find at larger outdoor retailers like REI or many places online. I mention REI specifically because in the past I have ordered two sizes of clothing and footwear online and returned the one that didn't fit with no hassle.
My experience with **Keen footwear** is that the run a little wide all over and are especially wide in the toe box. | I wear [bontrager street](http://bontrager.com/model/07820) shoes. They fit me OK, and I have pretty wide feet, and they also come with customizable insoles from esoles. The standard insoles seem to be fine for my feet, but if you have more specialized needs you could get a fitted set (I'd imagine that might cost a lot though). They offer a decent compromise between speed and comfort for me. Also I can walk around in them which is a bit practical advantage.
So I'd give these a look (if you can find any, I don't think they're very widely sold) |
1,879 | I have somewhat oddly shaped feet; They're very wide and my big toe on either foot points slightly inwards. Shoes with pointed toes generally cause me a lot of pain, so finding a road shoe has been somewhat difficult.
Typically, I buy shoes that are slightly too big, and I'm wondering how this will affect cycling shoes. I'm looking at a leather pair that has an extra inch of room in the toe, and lacing them up very tightly seems to do the trick for now, but I'm worried they'll stretch with time and become too big to hug my foot tightly.
Has anybody had similar problems finding cycling shoes? Any recommendations for a wide-toed shoe, or some brand specifically known for conforming to your foot over time? | 2010/10/24 | [
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/1879",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/users/607/"
] | You should look at using mountain style Shimano SPD compatible shoes. In general, mountain shoes have a little more room and give and there are a lot of brands that are SPD compatible.
**Keen** has a line of [cycling shoes and sandals](http://www.keenfootwear.com/wall/shoes/men/pedal) that you can find at larger outdoor retailers like REI or many places online. I mention REI specifically because in the past I have ordered two sizes of clothing and footwear online and returned the one that didn't fit with no hassle.
My experience with **Keen footwear** is that the run a little wide all over and are especially wide in the toe box. | <http://www.jejamescycles.co.uk/lake-cx-400-road-shoe-id36796.html>
Looking at the write-up for these, you can apparently place them in a conventional oven to make them pliable enough to be moulded to your foot shape.
I imagine shoes of similar material/build quality will allow the same method.
Not cheap though! |
851,441 | Does sql server allow nested transactions?
If so then whats the priority of transactions? | 2009/05/12 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/851441",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/104622/"
] | From the MSDN documentation on SQL Server. **[Nesting Transactions](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms189336(SQL.90).aspx)**:
>
> Committing inner transactions is
> ignored by the SQL Server Database
> Engine. The transaction is either
> committed or rolled back based on the
> action taken at the end of the
> outermost transaction. If the outer
> transaction is committed, the inner
> nested transactions are also
> committed. If the outer transaction is
> rolled back, then all inner
> transactions are also rolled back,
> regardless of whether or not the inner
> transactions were individually
> committed.
>
>
> | Just to qualify this and directly answer the question, yes SQL Server does allow the nesting of transactions.
The quoted reference kindly provided by ichiban, details that the outcome of outermost transaction will determine whether or not nested transactions are committed. |
34,097 | Is it possible to embed or link to video in an eBay auction listing? I'm following instructions found online to try to embed a YouTube video by checking the "use old embed code" box, which everyone seems to think I need to do because iframes aren't allowed, but I'm still getting a warning from eBay that I won't be able to post my listing because it includes "non-clickable links". Now I'm wondering if eBay changed their link policy to disallow embedded videos sometime after the instructions I'm finding were written, or if I'm just doing it wrong, or what. What's my best option here, and how do I make it work? | 2012/11/04 | [
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com/questions/34097",
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com",
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com/users/27592/"
] | I ended up ignoring the warning about not being able to post my listing and clicking the "List it" button anyway, and it seems to have gone through. So maybe the warning was displayed by mistake, and everything is fine? If I discover otherwise, I'll follow up here.... | From a policy standpoint, you're likely in the clear.
Navigate to the "Links from an eBay listing" tab in eBay's Links Policy.
<http://pages.ebay.com/help/policies/listing-links.html> |
181,036 | This is the news headline I see on Fox News.
>
> Tom Fitton: Kavanaugh-Ford hearing didn't advance the ball
>
>
>
What is the original meaning of "advance the ball" in sports? And what is its analogic meaning in this Kavanaugh-Ford hearing news? | 2018/09/28 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/181036",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/61805/"
] | In many ball sports, the aim of the game is to get the ball past your opponents and into a "goal" of some kind. For example in (American) football, the aim is to carry the ball forward into the opponents "end zone". In each play, the team attempts to advance the ball as far as possible.
Metaphorically then, "advance the ball" means "make progress towards some ultimate goal", in the specific example, it means that the hearing didn't change the opinions of people, neither for or against Kavanaugh. | Advance the ball here means: determine who is telling the truth: Kavanaugh or Ford. One of them is lying.
Truth being the goal.
The aim of the hearing with them was to see if one could find out who is telling the truth: Him or her.
In any kind of football, one seeks to advance the ball. Get ahead of the other team so one can score. |
181,036 | This is the news headline I see on Fox News.
>
> Tom Fitton: Kavanaugh-Ford hearing didn't advance the ball
>
>
>
What is the original meaning of "advance the ball" in sports? And what is its analogic meaning in this Kavanaugh-Ford hearing news? | 2018/09/28 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/181036",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/61805/"
] | In American football, the goal is to advance down the field with the ball to score a touchdown. However, on some plays you can't advance and get stopped by the defense. Listening to the rest of Fitton's sentence, the analogy he's making is that the Democrats would "score a touchdown" by getting Kavanaugh's nomination to fail, but the hearing did nothing to bolster support for that, so they're stuck in place. | Advance the ball here means: determine who is telling the truth: Kavanaugh or Ford. One of them is lying.
Truth being the goal.
The aim of the hearing with them was to see if one could find out who is telling the truth: Him or her.
In any kind of football, one seeks to advance the ball. Get ahead of the other team so one can score. |
50,212,085 | I want to convert any documents or image or text file into PDF for all the OS.
I tried the approach with **[node-msoffice-pdf](https://github.com/skmp/node-msoffice-pdf)**, and its working fine for Windows OS but not working in other OS.
**Question:**
How to convert docs, images, textfile to pdf in nodejs? | 2018/05/07 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/50212085",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/5533485/"
] | I used wkhtmltopdf from years to manage pdf conversion.
<https://github.com/devongovett/node-wkhtmltopdf>
You can either render an html file and pass it to the module, or render a pdf directly from an url. | If fidelity/conversion quality is important to you, for Word documents (doc/docx) you could try our freemium <https://www.npmjs.com/package/@nativedocuments/docx-wasm> which will perform the conversion locally (ie where node is running), without the need to LibreOffice etc. |
290,590 | I've seen articles and videos saying a particular hero is strong on this lane (eg. Mid) and weak on another lane. Where do they base this from? | 2016/11/07 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/290590",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/170405/"
] | **Note: Some in-game terminologies have been used in this answer. If you are new to dota 2 then please check out Fodder's answer first.**
What this means is that a certain hero's skills synchronize well with him/her being played in that certain lane or it depends on their needs (farm - wise). Also in pro games their entire draft depends on the meta (usually).
For example, mid heroes can be of two types. A farming mid like invoker, dragon knight, tinker etc. or a gank oriented mid like Queen of pain, pudge etc.
Most heroes are played **only** in mid because they need the fast exp. growth.
Another important point is the farm position. What this means is which hero will need the most farm to be most effective.
Position 1: This is your safe lane carry.
Position 2: Mid Laner.
Position 3: Offlaner.
Position 4: Roaming Support.
Position 5: Another support.
Technically all heroes can be played at any position but most heroes usually have a fixed role in each meta.
The two most common ways of laning are, 2-1-2 and 1-1-3.
* 2-1-2 Two people in offlane, one in mid and another 2 in safelane. You will see this kind of laning in pub matches especially in the lower tier.
Here, position 1 and 5 are in safelane, position 2 in mid and position 3,4 in offlane.
* 1-1-3 One offlane, one mid, and 3 in safe lane. Position 3 offlane, pos 2 mid and the rest in safelane. This is called having a **trilane**. You might also sometimes encounter an aggressive tri-lane which is basically 3 people in offlane.
Heroes like anti mage and spectre who need a lot of farm to be effective will be tough to play offlane or even mid. Also trying to carry with a support would be very difficult too.
Note: If you need more info just say so I'll add more. | **Mid lane**
Some heroes have an advantage getting runes (not as much of an issue with 5 runes and sanc with in patch 7.00). E.g. Queen of Pain, Shadow Fiend and Dragon Knight can clear waves pretty quickly with spells, and the rune, combined with a bottle, gives them mana / HP regen every 2 minutes.
Some heroes also have a better time farming with the hill. E.g. Templar Assassin is quite short ranged, especially early in the game, but the hill makes it harder for ranged heroes to harrass her out of the lane.
And as @Auditore mentioned, the mid lane generally tends to be a solo lane, so heroes that get a power spike once they reach level 6 and get their ultimate (e.g. Queen of Pain, Rubick, Pudge), or heroes that just need levels in general (e.g. Invoker).
**Safe Lane**
The creeps tend to naturally meet closer to the tower (hence the name "safe" lane), so it means heroes can generally be a bit riskier when farming because it's easy to retreat back to the tower if something goes wrong. Allied heroes can also teleport to the tower for a rescue operation, if needed. This means that heroes that are weaker in the earlier stages of the game can be easily protected so that they can farm up.
The lane is also quite close to the jungle, so if the lane gets pushed out, the support can pull a wave of creeps into the jungle so that the next wave meets closer to the tower again, or the carry can pop into the jungle for a bit - which is great for heroes like Anti-Mage once he has his battlefury, as he can farm the lane, then blink around farming the jungle.
**Offlane**
Heroes that shine in the offlane tend to be heroes who can farm well, despite the disadvantages of the offlane, or heroes that can play aggressively and try to shut down the opposing safe lane farmer. Offlane heroes might also need to be heroes who have an escape of some sort, or are tanky, as they are often easy ganking targets due to the fact that they will generally be far from the tower, and in some cases, a solo laner.
Dark seer is good example, as he can still farm somewhat safely with ion shell (put on creeps), he has an escape in his surge spell, and ion shell can disrupt a melee carry's farm. |
2,306 | A 2004 Chevy aveo with around 78,000 miles has the following issues:
The Daytime Running Light indicator (as well as the lights themselves) randomly turn on and off. This is a slow thing and has never happened rapidly. It usually happens after five to ten minutes. This doesn't affect using the lights as normal if they are manually enabled.
When the gas light should turn on, instead the check engine light turns on. No gas light ever comes on.
Occasionally when the car is started the HVAC fan doesn't work and won't start at all. Turning the fan level from 3 to 4 (it's highest setting) creates an audible click that seems to be coming from behind the steering wheel. This happens while the fan is working, but I decided to include it for completeness.
I've included all of the symptoms here because this seems to me like they might be from a shared electrical issue, however, my experience is mostly in computer repair.
Is it possible for these symptoms to stem from the same issue? If so, which system should I investigate first and what should I look for? | 2011/11/10 | [
"https://mechanics.stackexchange.com/questions/2306",
"https://mechanics.stackexchange.com",
"https://mechanics.stackexchange.com/users/873/"
] | The first thing to check are the grounds anytime you have seemingly unrelated systems not working, working sporadically, or as I like to call it, any time you have gremlins running around in the electrical system.
Looking at the ground distribution for G202 pictured below you can see that Instrument panel cluster, and the daytime running lamp module share the same ground and are connected through what I think is a splice connector SP202. The splice connector and G202 is the first place to inspect for a loose or corroded connection.
The blower motor also share that same ground, not sure why it's not on the diagram above though.
What I am not sure of is where G202 is, I can tell you it's under the dash based on the numbering system GM uses. 100s are in the engine compartment, 200s are between the A and B post, 300s are between the C and D posts, 400s in the trunk.
I would start out tracing the ground wire from the blower motor as that is most likely the easiest to follow. | Potential exists for the problem to be in the alternator voltage regulator. I've noted Mitsubishis often have really random dash light behavior when the voltage regulator starts going out (especially if the voltage swings to the high side, like anything over 15 volts). |
76,352 | I am actually developer not a graphic designer.
I want to know these color groups name. They look like ocean colors but there has to be an official graphic design name. What is the color group name for that?
<https://tr.pinterest.com/pin/565412928200221463/>
And I don't know "color group name" is the true definition anyway.
Thank you. | 2016/08/19 | [
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/questions/76352",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/users/17659/"
] | In general not all ranges have names even the ones that do are very diffuse. But as of a rule of thumbs there are characterizations for colors. So colors have a temperature and you can differentiate between warm or cool colors. In this case you can find a bunch of **cool gradients\*** by doing a [image search](https://www.google.com/search?q=cool+color+gradients&client=firefox-b&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiE097ji83OAhUFJJoKHRTXC60QsAQIJA&biw=1989&bih=1171&dpr=0.8) on google. But as you can see there are quite many cool color ranges. We can also call colors saturated or unsaturated, muddy or clear and so on.
One problem is that we as humans can not really [distinguish color names](https://blog.xkcd.com/2010/05/03/color-survey-results/), so while its possible to give hundreds or even thousands of names to colors. People wont actually agree with each others on these points. So for example while you and i would agree there is such colors as pastels, we do not agree where pastels begin and where they cease to be pastel colored.
\* In this case it does not really help that we call cold things cool as well as awesome, or swell. So a warm gradient might be awesome and somebody would call that cool. That is people for you. | Only a spectrometer knows for sure. |
18,675 | Trying out my first batch of home brew... it's a central smash IPA one gallon recipe boiled over on me, so this is a very small 3/4 gallon batch ha. I see a lot of floating green. Nothing's moving anymore it's been about two weeks in the glass carboy. Does this look normal? | 2016/12/03 | [
"https://homebrew.stackexchange.com/questions/18675",
"https://homebrew.stackexchange.com",
"https://homebrew.stackexchange.com/users/14416/"
] | Judging fermentation by how long you see activity in the airlock is unpredictable. You saw some activity, which is a good sign.
Did you happen to get any hydrometer readings?
That green stuff floating around are hops that are still suspended.
At this point, I would give it a taste. If it tastes like flat, almost-beer, you're in good shape. Make sure you sanitize the siphon before doing this. | My wife saw this picture and immediately said, "Looks aren't everything".
It doesn't look bad, I would probably judge it by smell. If it stinks you might have a problem. If it smells like beer, get it into secondary and see what happens. |
18,675 | Trying out my first batch of home brew... it's a central smash IPA one gallon recipe boiled over on me, so this is a very small 3/4 gallon batch ha. I see a lot of floating green. Nothing's moving anymore it's been about two weeks in the glass carboy. Does this look normal? | 2016/12/03 | [
"https://homebrew.stackexchange.com/questions/18675",
"https://homebrew.stackexchange.com",
"https://homebrew.stackexchange.com/users/14416/"
] | Everything I see there looks normal. Green floaties, just hops. Clean surface, no pellicile starting. Some bubbles, c02 still being produced. | My wife saw this picture and immediately said, "Looks aren't everything".
It doesn't look bad, I would probably judge it by smell. If it stinks you might have a problem. If it smells like beer, get it into secondary and see what happens. |
18,675 | Trying out my first batch of home brew... it's a central smash IPA one gallon recipe boiled over on me, so this is a very small 3/4 gallon batch ha. I see a lot of floating green. Nothing's moving anymore it's been about two weeks in the glass carboy. Does this look normal? | 2016/12/03 | [
"https://homebrew.stackexchange.com/questions/18675",
"https://homebrew.stackexchange.com",
"https://homebrew.stackexchange.com/users/14416/"
] | Everything I see there looks normal. Green floaties, just hops. Clean surface, no pellicile starting. Some bubbles, c02 still being produced. | Judging fermentation by how long you see activity in the airlock is unpredictable. You saw some activity, which is a good sign.
Did you happen to get any hydrometer readings?
That green stuff floating around are hops that are still suspended.
At this point, I would give it a taste. If it tastes like flat, almost-beer, you're in good shape. Make sure you sanitize the siphon before doing this. |
487,829 | Can motion of a particle be circular if the radial acceleration is zero, but the tangential acceleration is not $0$? | 2019/06/24 | [
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/487829",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/users/221068/"
] | First we must refer that the velocity is a vector quantity as well as the acceleration. both velocity and acceleration change when there is a change in their directions even when there is no change in their magnitudes.
The acceleration shouldn't be zero despite the circular motion is uniform (of course we mean uniform angular velocity); this is because the direction (not the magnitude) of the tangential velocity changes momentarily. Hence the acceleration changes momentarily for it is defined as the rate of change of velocity.
so the uniform circular motion can never be a "reference frame" for it possesses an acceleration. | I think the premise of your question is false, because the accelerated tangential motion will lead to a change in the centrifugal force on the particle, which in turn will cause radial acceleration. You can't have one kind of acceleration without causing the other in the first place.
But of course, when the acceleration and the resulting adjustment of the radius are finished, you *can* end up with a new circular orbit at a the new radius. Perhaps this is what you meant? |
487,829 | Can motion of a particle be circular if the radial acceleration is zero, but the tangential acceleration is not $0$? | 2019/06/24 | [
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/487829",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/users/221068/"
] | "Tangential force" and "radial force" are merely other names for "force in the same direction as the object's current movement", and "force in a direction perpendicular to the object's current movement" respectively.
In other words, your question is equivalent to asking "If the only forces being applied to an object are in the same direction that the object is traveling, will it change direction?"
The answer is "No, it won't".
---
Semantic notes:
1) It is possible to apply forces that are neither in the same direction, nor perpendicular. But those forces can be decomposed and treated like two separate forces, one that is tangential, and one that is perpendicular, so we don't have to worry about that.
2) An object moving in a circle can be seen as having three directions: radial, tangential, and a direction perpendicular to both. But a force in that third direction will cause the object to curve in a new direction, changing the circle the object is moving around in such a way that the sum of the new force and the old radial force are in the radial direction of the new circle.
3) An object only moves in a circle when it is subject to a force that continually adjusts itself to always point in the radial direction (and there's a magnitude requirement as well, but that's not important right now). But you can calculate the instantaneous 'circle' that an object that is changing direction is moving around, much in the same way you can calculate the instantaneous slope of a function that is non-linear. | I think the premise of your question is false, because the accelerated tangential motion will lead to a change in the centrifugal force on the particle, which in turn will cause radial acceleration. You can't have one kind of acceleration without causing the other in the first place.
But of course, when the acceleration and the resulting adjustment of the radius are finished, you *can* end up with a new circular orbit at a the new radius. Perhaps this is what you meant? |
487,829 | Can motion of a particle be circular if the radial acceleration is zero, but the tangential acceleration is not $0$? | 2019/06/24 | [
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/487829",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/users/221068/"
] | No. Radial acceleration is necessary in order to change the direction of the velocity. | First we must refer that the velocity is a vector quantity as well as the acceleration. both velocity and acceleration change when there is a change in their directions even when there is no change in their magnitudes.
The acceleration shouldn't be zero despite the circular motion is uniform (of course we mean uniform angular velocity); this is because the direction (not the magnitude) of the tangential velocity changes momentarily. Hence the acceleration changes momentarily for it is defined as the rate of change of velocity.
so the uniform circular motion can never be a "reference frame" for it possesses an acceleration. |
487,829 | Can motion of a particle be circular if the radial acceleration is zero, but the tangential acceleration is not $0$? | 2019/06/24 | [
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/487829",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/users/221068/"
] | No. Radial acceleration is necessary in order to change the direction of the velocity. | "Tangential force" and "radial force" are merely other names for "force in the same direction as the object's current movement", and "force in a direction perpendicular to the object's current movement" respectively.
In other words, your question is equivalent to asking "If the only forces being applied to an object are in the same direction that the object is traveling, will it change direction?"
The answer is "No, it won't".
---
Semantic notes:
1) It is possible to apply forces that are neither in the same direction, nor perpendicular. But those forces can be decomposed and treated like two separate forces, one that is tangential, and one that is perpendicular, so we don't have to worry about that.
2) An object moving in a circle can be seen as having three directions: radial, tangential, and a direction perpendicular to both. But a force in that third direction will cause the object to curve in a new direction, changing the circle the object is moving around in such a way that the sum of the new force and the old radial force are in the radial direction of the new circle.
3) An object only moves in a circle when it is subject to a force that continually adjusts itself to always point in the radial direction (and there's a magnitude requirement as well, but that's not important right now). But you can calculate the instantaneous 'circle' that an object that is changing direction is moving around, much in the same way you can calculate the instantaneous slope of a function that is non-linear. |
487,829 | Can motion of a particle be circular if the radial acceleration is zero, but the tangential acceleration is not $0$? | 2019/06/24 | [
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/487829",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/users/221068/"
] | "Tangential force" and "radial force" are merely other names for "force in the same direction as the object's current movement", and "force in a direction perpendicular to the object's current movement" respectively.
In other words, your question is equivalent to asking "If the only forces being applied to an object are in the same direction that the object is traveling, will it change direction?"
The answer is "No, it won't".
---
Semantic notes:
1) It is possible to apply forces that are neither in the same direction, nor perpendicular. But those forces can be decomposed and treated like two separate forces, one that is tangential, and one that is perpendicular, so we don't have to worry about that.
2) An object moving in a circle can be seen as having three directions: radial, tangential, and a direction perpendicular to both. But a force in that third direction will cause the object to curve in a new direction, changing the circle the object is moving around in such a way that the sum of the new force and the old radial force are in the radial direction of the new circle.
3) An object only moves in a circle when it is subject to a force that continually adjusts itself to always point in the radial direction (and there's a magnitude requirement as well, but that's not important right now). But you can calculate the instantaneous 'circle' that an object that is changing direction is moving around, much in the same way you can calculate the instantaneous slope of a function that is non-linear. | First we must refer that the velocity is a vector quantity as well as the acceleration. both velocity and acceleration change when there is a change in their directions even when there is no change in their magnitudes.
The acceleration shouldn't be zero despite the circular motion is uniform (of course we mean uniform angular velocity); this is because the direction (not the magnitude) of the tangential velocity changes momentarily. Hence the acceleration changes momentarily for it is defined as the rate of change of velocity.
so the uniform circular motion can never be a "reference frame" for it possesses an acceleration. |
932,679 | I'm running Windows Vista on my development machine... tried four SMTP servers so far (2 crashed, 2 turned out to be trial ware after being promoted as "free"). So I don't have IIS6 SMTP available.
Do you know any simple, hassle-free SMTP server that I can use? I need absolutely no bells and whistles. All it needs to do is listen on port 25 and send off emails.
Help? | 2009/05/31 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/932679",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/114916/"
] | [Free SMTP Server](http://www.softstack.com/freesmtp.html) is a simple and small SMTP server. It always forwards emails to recipents. That's all. | In Windows XP, there's a "SMTP service" in the IIS category under 'Add/Remove Windows Components' - not sure if Vista has that too. |
932,679 | I'm running Windows Vista on my development machine... tried four SMTP servers so far (2 crashed, 2 turned out to be trial ware after being promoted as "free"). So I don't have IIS6 SMTP available.
Do you know any simple, hassle-free SMTP server that I can use? I need absolutely no bells and whistles. All it needs to do is listen on port 25 and send off emails.
Help? | 2009/05/31 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/932679",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/114916/"
] | Try [Mercury Mail](http://www.pmail.com/overviews/ovw_mercwin.htm) | Check out [Lamson](http://lamsonproject.org/), an SMTP server in Python. |
932,679 | I'm running Windows Vista on my development machine... tried four SMTP servers so far (2 crashed, 2 turned out to be trial ware after being promoted as "free"). So I don't have IIS6 SMTP available.
Do you know any simple, hassle-free SMTP server that I can use? I need absolutely no bells and whistles. All it needs to do is listen on port 25 and send off emails.
Help? | 2009/05/31 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/932679",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/114916/"
] | Try [Mercury Mail](http://www.pmail.com/overviews/ovw_mercwin.htm) | Install sendmail in a virtual ubuntu machine and send email through that. |
932,679 | I'm running Windows Vista on my development machine... tried four SMTP servers so far (2 crashed, 2 turned out to be trial ware after being promoted as "free"). So I don't have IIS6 SMTP available.
Do you know any simple, hassle-free SMTP server that I can use? I need absolutely no bells and whistles. All it needs to do is listen on port 25 and send off emails.
Help? | 2009/05/31 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/932679",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/114916/"
] | You can hardly get freer or simpler than [pysmtp](http://www.hare.demon.co.uk/pysmtp.html) | In Windows XP, there's a "SMTP service" in the IIS category under 'Add/Remove Windows Components' - not sure if Vista has that too. |
932,679 | I'm running Windows Vista on my development machine... tried four SMTP servers so far (2 crashed, 2 turned out to be trial ware after being promoted as "free"). So I don't have IIS6 SMTP available.
Do you know any simple, hassle-free SMTP server that I can use? I need absolutely no bells and whistles. All it needs to do is listen on port 25 and send off emails.
Help? | 2009/05/31 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/932679",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/114916/"
] | Check out [Lamson](http://lamsonproject.org/), an SMTP server in Python. | In Windows XP, there's a "SMTP service" in the IIS category under 'Add/Remove Windows Components' - not sure if Vista has that too. |
932,679 | I'm running Windows Vista on my development machine... tried four SMTP servers so far (2 crashed, 2 turned out to be trial ware after being promoted as "free"). So I don't have IIS6 SMTP available.
Do you know any simple, hassle-free SMTP server that I can use? I need absolutely no bells and whistles. All it needs to do is listen on port 25 and send off emails.
Help? | 2009/05/31 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/932679",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/114916/"
] | Try [Mercury Mail](http://www.pmail.com/overviews/ovw_mercwin.htm) | [Free SMTP Server](http://www.softstack.com/freesmtp.html) is a simple and small SMTP server. It always forwards emails to recipents. That's all. |
932,679 | I'm running Windows Vista on my development machine... tried four SMTP servers so far (2 crashed, 2 turned out to be trial ware after being promoted as "free"). So I don't have IIS6 SMTP available.
Do you know any simple, hassle-free SMTP server that I can use? I need absolutely no bells and whistles. All it needs to do is listen on port 25 and send off emails.
Help? | 2009/05/31 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/932679",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/114916/"
] | Try [Mercury Mail](http://www.pmail.com/overviews/ovw_mercwin.htm) | In Windows XP, there's a "SMTP service" in the IIS category under 'Add/Remove Windows Components' - not sure if Vista has that too. |
932,679 | I'm running Windows Vista on my development machine... tried four SMTP servers so far (2 crashed, 2 turned out to be trial ware after being promoted as "free"). So I don't have IIS6 SMTP available.
Do you know any simple, hassle-free SMTP server that I can use? I need absolutely no bells and whistles. All it needs to do is listen on port 25 and send off emails.
Help? | 2009/05/31 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/932679",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/114916/"
] | [Free SMTP Server](http://www.softstack.com/freesmtp.html) is a simple and small SMTP server. It always forwards emails to recipents. That's all. | You can hardly get freer or simpler than [pysmtp](http://www.hare.demon.co.uk/pysmtp.html) |
932,679 | I'm running Windows Vista on my development machine... tried four SMTP servers so far (2 crashed, 2 turned out to be trial ware after being promoted as "free"). So I don't have IIS6 SMTP available.
Do you know any simple, hassle-free SMTP server that I can use? I need absolutely no bells and whistles. All it needs to do is listen on port 25 and send off emails.
Help? | 2009/05/31 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/932679",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/114916/"
] | [Free SMTP Server](http://www.softstack.com/freesmtp.html) is a simple and small SMTP server. It always forwards emails to recipents. That's all. | Check out [Lamson](http://lamsonproject.org/), an SMTP server in Python. |
932,679 | I'm running Windows Vista on my development machine... tried four SMTP servers so far (2 crashed, 2 turned out to be trial ware after being promoted as "free"). So I don't have IIS6 SMTP available.
Do you know any simple, hassle-free SMTP server that I can use? I need absolutely no bells and whistles. All it needs to do is listen on port 25 and send off emails.
Help? | 2009/05/31 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/932679",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/114916/"
] | You can hardly get freer or simpler than [pysmtp](http://www.hare.demon.co.uk/pysmtp.html) | Install sendmail in a virtual ubuntu machine and send email through that. |
27,113 | According to this article:
<https://www.theguardian.com/science/2018/jul/26/star-spotted-speeding-near-milky-way-black-hole-for-first-time>
the Very Large Telescope is "powerful enough to see a tennis ball on the moon from Earth". I guess that the moon is much to bright and moves too fast for the VLT to take good pictures of it, but it got me wondering: what is the most magnified picture of the moon ever taken from Earth? | 2018/07/27 | [
"https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/questions/27113",
"https://astronomy.stackexchange.com",
"https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/users/23822/"
] | This is a fascinating goal, and very difficult. It would make a book on recreating the history of science.
It took many people spending lifetimes collecting data to get anywhere. However, you don't need to rediscover that the planets go around the Sun I would think.
There are some key milestones that need to be reached. For example, you can distances to planet orbits in terms of ratios of a reference distance, like the Earth Sun distance, WITHOUT knowing the actual Earth-Sun distance. You only know that Mars' orbit is x times bigger than Earth-Sun orbit.
The first calculation of Earth-Moon distance was done by the Greeks. Aristarchus or Eratosthenes perhaps. One of them found the diameter of the Earth using shadows of monuments and in wells at noon, and the other estimated the arc of the Earth by Its shadow on the Moon, and thus the size of the Moon.
I think then it goes something like Newton measure the mass of the Earth by measuring g for a dropped object. Then using estimates of the Moon's distance and its orbital period he could determine the constant G in his law of universal gravitation. Then you can calculate the Earth-Sun distance and the rest of the planets fall into place based on their periods.
Now the other challenge is collecting useful data for determining orbits of planets. There are a couple of ways to "determine an orbit from observations". And this is a particularly useful project. Getting a mental picture of what to do can be difficult. But basically, you record the time and the position of a planet in some Earth centered coordinate system, like Right Ascension and Declination. Or relative to the know position of nearby stars.
Now, the orbits are ellipses with the Sun at one focus, so the Earth based system is not much good. You convert all your observations to Sun centered coordinates in the form of lines or vectors that point to the planet. But they point to the Planet from where the Earth was when you took the measurements. These are a set of lines in space and they don't go through the Sun or anything like that. They are just from some point in space (where the Earth was) pointing to the Planet.
C.F. Gauss (I think Laplace improved on this - not sure) showed that you only need three observations to find an orbit because only one ellipse will have points on the three or more lines and have a focus at the Sun. Two points are enough if you have other information like is it getting closer or further and which way is it going (it might be in retrograde so you can't tell).
More measurements taken further apart will increase accuracy and refine the orbit.
Also, the distance to Jupiter or Saturn could be found by watching their moon's orbits and noticing how they stray from prediction with distance due to the speed of light at opposition versus being further away.
So, you can see that the steps are not too daunting if you don't need to wait for a lunar eclipse and take a few other things as known.
I think you could do the temperatures with a small reflecting telescope. It is by detecting the infra-red radiation from the planet. A reflector is used so as not to absorb the IR. The instruments used were a bolometer that responds to heat and a galvanometer. The galvanometer is an incredible precise and sensitive instrument with no electronics.
Search on "calculate orbits from observations" and there are bunch of PDFs from good sources. | Some parts of this are easier than others!
By observing the positions of the planets among the stars from night to night over an extended period of time, *and then applying a lot of not especially complicated -- but* quite *tedious -- calculation* you can determine the planets' orbits around the Sun with good accuracy.
Secondly, with careful observation, you can measure the [angular diameter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_diameter) of the planets as observed from Earth. Combining those angular measurements with the orbits you have determined lets you determine the planets' actual sizes. This will be quite accurate in some cases (e.g., Jupiter, where the error should be less than one percent), and much higher in others cases (e.g., Uranus). This is because Jupiter can be as big as 50 arc seconds, while Uranus is never bigger than just over two arc seconds. Since the practical resolution of an amateur telescope is around a half arc second when the seeing is very good, your estimated diameters will be pretty rough for the ice giants.
Measuring the masses of the planets is much harder. The only way I can think of the do it is to continue to measure the planets' positions as accurately as possibly for as long as possible. Applying a lot of tedious arithmetic (*much* better done on a computer) you can show that their orbits are affected by more than just the Sun's gravity and can make estimates of each planet's mass based on how their gravity perturbs the other planets. Close, massive planets are easier to measure this way than distant, light planets.
Rotation period is easy for planets like Mars and Jupiter which have large disks with easily visible markings and *much* harder for featureless planets like Venus and hard-to-observe ones like Mercury. (In fact, we really didn't know the rotation periods of either prior to sending probes. Some astronomers got it right, but they did not convince their colleagues.)
Temperature is hard. I don't think you can measure it given your specified instruments, but you can certainly make a rough estimate using the known distance from the Sun. |
481,762 | On my old PC I use Outlook 2007. On my new PC I use Outlook 2010. I want to move all my email folders and emails to my new computer. I think the only way to do this is by export my files to a .PST file in Outlook 2007 and then import the .PST file with Outlook 2010.
But when trying to make a PST file in outlook 2007 this error occurs: "Internal translation system error"
What can I do? Are there any other ways to move my folders and emails to my new PC with Outlook 2010? | 2012/10/01 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/481762",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/162354/"
] | <https://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch03.html#intro-64bitguests>
>
> 64-bit guests
> -------------
>
>
> VirtualBox supports 64-bit guest operating systems, even on 32-bit host operating systems,[11] provided that the following conditions are met:
>
>
> * You need a 64-bit processor with hardware virtualization support (see the section called “Hardware vs. software virtualization”).
> * **You must enable hardware virtualization for the particular VM for which you want 64-bit support; software virtualization is not supported for 64-bit VMs.**
> * If you want to use 64-bit guest support on a 32-bit host operating system, you must also select a 64-bit operating system for the particular VM. Since supporting 64 bits on 32-bit hosts incurs additional overhead, VirtualBox only enables this support upon explicit request.
>
> .
>
> On 64-bit hosts (which typically come with hardware virtualization support), 64-bit guest operating systems are always supported regardless of settings, so you can simply install a 64-bit operating system in the guest.
>
>
> Warning
> -------
>
>
> On any host, you should enable the I/O APIC for virtual machines that you intend to use in 64-bit mode. This is especially true for 64-bit Windows VMs. See the section called “"Advanced" tab”. In addition, for 64-bit Windows guests, you should make sure that the VM uses the Intel networking device, since there is no 64-bit driver support for the AMD PCNet card; see the section called “Virtual networking hardware”.
>
>
> | It is giving you the advice to use a 32 bit disctribution, did you try that out? Or do you really need a 64 bit distribution. |
71,412 | To my understanding, Pasteur’s experiment demonstrates that life is only made from life. If this is true, then how could [origin of life (aka. abiogenesis)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abiogenesis) ever have happened?
It seems to me that Pasteur’s experiment and the theory according to which there is abiogenesis contradict each other. Do they? | 2018/03/15 | [
"https://biology.stackexchange.com/questions/71412",
"https://biology.stackexchange.com",
"https://biology.stackexchange.com/users/41082/"
] | Pasteur’s experiments demonstrated that the appearance of living matter in spoiled food (soured wine and the like) was not due to so-called *spontaneous generation* of living organisms, but due to the multiplication of pre-existing but invisible micro-organisms, which could be eliminated by sterilization of the food containers — hence the term *pasteurization* used (in Britain, at least) for the sterilization of milk.
*No more, no less.* His experiments say nothing about, and were not concerned with, the origin of life on earth. They related solely to the vitalist misinterpretation of everyday observations in 19th century France. As far as I am aware, Pasteur never concerned himself with Darwin’s theory of evolution. French and British science (and Pasteur and Darwin) had different philosophies and emphases at that time, and contacts were limited.
One may ask what is the difference between abiogenesis and spontaneous generation. The former envisages a slow series of chemical processes leading over millions of years to the first self-replicating molecules and subsequently to simple single-celled organisms — an idea that only really gained traction after the [Miller-Urey experiment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miller%E2%80%93Urey_experiment). The latter involves fully developed organisms appearing out of nothing in a couple of days — a sort of arbitrary non-Christian version of creationism.
The scientists who developed the the idea of an origin of life from inorganic matter were well aware of the significance of the work of Pasteur. They were also aware of the subsequent progress of chemistry and biochemistry. It is worth mentioning that Pasteur was so concerned with repelling the vitalist viewpoint (a sort of irrational superstition akin to belief in magic) that when Büchner demonstrated glucose metabolism in yeast extracts containing no living cells he wrongly rejected this. (The word *enzyme* means *in yeast*.)
You can read about Pasteur and Spontaneous Generation [here](http://www.pasteurbrewing.com/louis-pasteur-and-the-history-of-spontaneous-generation/), and Büchner and the Liebig–Pasteur dispute [here](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liebig%E2%80%93Pasteur_dispute). There is also a long Wikipedia entry on [Pasteur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur) — the French version is even more extensive. You can read about his supposed religious views here if you are interested, but you should remember that the views of a scientist, however famous, are only of scientific value if they are supported by his experiments. | Pasteur proved that **modern lifeforms** can't form from non-living things. That doesn't prove that there is some hard and bright line that prevents a micell containing enzymatic RNA from changing a bit into something we would recognize as "life".
Does your friend know about Friedrich Wöhler? Who synthesized urea in a test tube, proving that the chemistry of life is not fundamentally different to the rest of chemistry? |
71,412 | To my understanding, Pasteur’s experiment demonstrates that life is only made from life. If this is true, then how could [origin of life (aka. abiogenesis)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abiogenesis) ever have happened?
It seems to me that Pasteur’s experiment and the theory according to which there is abiogenesis contradict each other. Do they? | 2018/03/15 | [
"https://biology.stackexchange.com/questions/71412",
"https://biology.stackexchange.com",
"https://biology.stackexchange.com/users/41082/"
] | Consider the context. In Antiquity and the Middle Ages from Aristotle on, people thought that many living things (from microbes to mice) would arise through spontaneous generation. Seemed sensible enough; if you don't pay close attention to animals getting somewhere, and you have no knowledge of anything microscopic, it can easily look like animals just come out of the environment. After the Enlightenment scientists got better understandings of reproduction on the one hand, and made many experiments showing that under certain conditions (like keeping meat sealed so flies couldn't get to it for example), life didn't, in fact, spontaneously generate in the way it was previously thought it did. At this point the idea that all living things come from the reproduction of other living things of the same species became increasingly accepted.
Pasteur's experiment was more or less the death knell of the spontaneous generation hypothesis; some previous experiments had shown microbes growing after a flask was supposedly sterilized, or kept the flask sterile by keeping air out (which opened one to the argument that spontaneous generation required air). His showed microbes not growing in a flask where air could flow but dust did not settle because of its shape, and immediately growing when the flask was tipped and dust fell in.
Pasteur's experiment didn't so much "prove that life only comes from life", as *disprove* a specific other hypothesis that existed at the time. And in that sense it is still consensus biology: No biologist today thinks that snakes, mice, microbes, or even viruses can arise directly through abiotic processes. If you replace "life" with "modern life", the principle is true as far as we know.
Now biology has advanced a lot, and there is a different context, with people asking different questions and advancing different hypotheses to answer them. The question of the origin of life is one such question, that has nothing to do with what Pasteur was trying to prove. And that's where the "modern life" caveat becomes relevant; while all modern living things are too complex and specific to arise directly via abiotic processes, it doesn't follow that the same is true of the first living things. We know that living things used to be different from how they are now; and in fact when looking into the past via the fossil record and genetic evidence we find clear patterns of gradual development of the modern biosphere's diversity and complexity from simpler and more generic ancestors. While it is harder to find evidence for the evolution of early cells, because the genetic evidence is muddled by the time scales involved and the fossil evidence near-nonexistent for obvious reasons, it is sensible to figure that similar patterns would occur there, and that the earliest cells were as different and simpler than a modern cell as a Precambrian worm is from us.
Here is a video of Nick Lane talking about a promising hypothesis on the origin of life. It sort of illustrates how different, and simpler, those primordial living things could have been compared to current organisms.
<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gb7pZyks_HE&t=1151s> | Pasteur proved that **modern lifeforms** can't form from non-living things. That doesn't prove that there is some hard and bright line that prevents a micell containing enzymatic RNA from changing a bit into something we would recognize as "life".
Does your friend know about Friedrich Wöhler? Who synthesized urea in a test tube, proving that the chemistry of life is not fundamentally different to the rest of chemistry? |
54,869 | So I just received a job offer from a small-to-mid sized company.
I signed the acceptance letter and accepted the background check, but checked a "No" for may we contact your current employer.
I lied a few months, adding 4 months to my current job and removing 4 months from my previous job (I pushed back my start date at my current employer by 4 months)
Will this be a big issue? I worked for about 1 year and 10 mos at my previous employer but only 5 months at my present employer, which raises flags if I'm leaving so early. It's just not a great job, but with the little experience at the current job I probably would have been passed up. Will this be a huge deal? Will they find out? Please advise, thanks! (I checked "No" for contacting current employer, but they can still contact my previous employer and see the difference in employment history. | 2015/09/22 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/54869",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | Simple fact: explaining why you are leaving a job after only five months is easier than explaining why you lied about how long you were at your previous jobs. (I'm also not sure that 1yr6mth + 9mth is any better than 1yr10mth + 5mth).
They will find out - when they talk to your previous employer and find out you worked there four months longer than you said you did (you only told them they couldn't talk to your current employer).
And as Jane points out in her comment - once they find out about that discrepancy they will start to wondering what else you misrepresented. Again, your best chance is to come clean before they complete their checks - but I think you may have already muddied your reputation with this prospective employer.
Make sure you learn from it, and remember to always be honest in the future. | Continue to lie. Cross your fingers and hope you haven't messed up your life too badly.
Any organisation that would keep you on after this is not somewhere you would want to work.
If you confess, your chance of keeping this job offer is 0%, if you keep lying, you probably have a 1% chance of getting to start the job.
Of course, chances are it will come up later, and you will be fired in your first year at this job once it is found out, but hey, if that happens you can just lie about it on your resume for your next job so it's no big deal. |
54,869 | So I just received a job offer from a small-to-mid sized company.
I signed the acceptance letter and accepted the background check, but checked a "No" for may we contact your current employer.
I lied a few months, adding 4 months to my current job and removing 4 months from my previous job (I pushed back my start date at my current employer by 4 months)
Will this be a big issue? I worked for about 1 year and 10 mos at my previous employer but only 5 months at my present employer, which raises flags if I'm leaving so early. It's just not a great job, but with the little experience at the current job I probably would have been passed up. Will this be a huge deal? Will they find out? Please advise, thanks! (I checked "No" for contacting current employer, but they can still contact my previous employer and see the difference in employment history. | 2015/09/22 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/54869",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | At this stage, if you want to minimise the damage, you need to come clean *now*.
The discrepancy will almost certainly be uncovered during the external service doing the background check, and if it comes through from them rather than directly from you then the chances of your retaining your offer sits at zero. As a hiring manager, I would be immediately wondering what else you are hiding. For example, do you really have the qualifications your claim?
Contact the organisation now. This very minute. Explain the discrepancy, apologise and hope. I would say that you have virtually no chance of keeping your offer, but it's still higher than if your prospective employer finds it out second hand. | Continue to lie. Cross your fingers and hope you haven't messed up your life too badly.
Any organisation that would keep you on after this is not somewhere you would want to work.
If you confess, your chance of keeping this job offer is 0%, if you keep lying, you probably have a 1% chance of getting to start the job.
Of course, chances are it will come up later, and you will be fired in your first year at this job once it is found out, but hey, if that happens you can just lie about it on your resume for your next job so it's no big deal. |
54,869 | So I just received a job offer from a small-to-mid sized company.
I signed the acceptance letter and accepted the background check, but checked a "No" for may we contact your current employer.
I lied a few months, adding 4 months to my current job and removing 4 months from my previous job (I pushed back my start date at my current employer by 4 months)
Will this be a big issue? I worked for about 1 year and 10 mos at my previous employer but only 5 months at my present employer, which raises flags if I'm leaving so early. It's just not a great job, but with the little experience at the current job I probably would have been passed up. Will this be a huge deal? Will they find out? Please advise, thanks! (I checked "No" for contacting current employer, but they can still contact my previous employer and see the difference in employment history. | 2015/09/22 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/54869",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | Simple fact: explaining why you are leaving a job after only five months is easier than explaining why you lied about how long you were at your previous jobs. (I'm also not sure that 1yr6mth + 9mth is any better than 1yr10mth + 5mth).
They will find out - when they talk to your previous employer and find out you worked there four months longer than you said you did (you only told them they couldn't talk to your current employer).
And as Jane points out in her comment - once they find out about that discrepancy they will start to wondering what else you misrepresented. Again, your best chance is to come clean before they complete their checks - but I think you may have already muddied your reputation with this prospective employer.
Make sure you learn from it, and remember to always be honest in the future. | Apply for other jobs, and tell the truth, lying is both unprofessional and dangerous. Any company that would take a liar on board is not worth working for. Purely my opinion though, since others are talking about damage control, while I believe it's just throwing mud over something worse. |
54,869 | So I just received a job offer from a small-to-mid sized company.
I signed the acceptance letter and accepted the background check, but checked a "No" for may we contact your current employer.
I lied a few months, adding 4 months to my current job and removing 4 months from my previous job (I pushed back my start date at my current employer by 4 months)
Will this be a big issue? I worked for about 1 year and 10 mos at my previous employer but only 5 months at my present employer, which raises flags if I'm leaving so early. It's just not a great job, but with the little experience at the current job I probably would have been passed up. Will this be a huge deal? Will they find out? Please advise, thanks! (I checked "No" for contacting current employer, but they can still contact my previous employer and see the difference in employment history. | 2015/09/22 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/54869",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | Whether they find out or not will depend on whether the background check involves verifying prior employment. If they do a basic check of your prior employment, they'll notice the discrepancy. If that happens, it will be a much bigger deal than a 5 month vs. a 9 month stay at your current job.
Hiring managers generally consider it a very big deal when a candidate lies to them. Lots of them would immediately revoke an offer if they believe the candidate lied-- if they can't trust your resume, they can't trust any explanation you'd offer. Those that don't revoke the offer will assume that you are trying to cover up something really substantial.
It's really silly to lie about this because it means so little. I am hard pressed to imagine many situation where a candidate whose last two jobs lasted 22 months and 5 months would be at a serious disadvantage to one whose last two jobs lasted 18 months and 9 months. If anything, I'd tend to expect the first to be slightly advantageous-- everyone can sympathize with a new job that just didn't work out like you had hoped. The latter makes it look much more like you're a job hopper that isn't going to stick around much past a year. | Apply for other jobs, and tell the truth, lying is both unprofessional and dangerous. Any company that would take a liar on board is not worth working for. Purely my opinion though, since others are talking about damage control, while I believe it's just throwing mud over something worse. |
54,869 | So I just received a job offer from a small-to-mid sized company.
I signed the acceptance letter and accepted the background check, but checked a "No" for may we contact your current employer.
I lied a few months, adding 4 months to my current job and removing 4 months from my previous job (I pushed back my start date at my current employer by 4 months)
Will this be a big issue? I worked for about 1 year and 10 mos at my previous employer but only 5 months at my present employer, which raises flags if I'm leaving so early. It's just not a great job, but with the little experience at the current job I probably would have been passed up. Will this be a huge deal? Will they find out? Please advise, thanks! (I checked "No" for contacting current employer, but they can still contact my previous employer and see the difference in employment history. | 2015/09/22 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/54869",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | Whether they find out or not will depend on whether the background check involves verifying prior employment. If they do a basic check of your prior employment, they'll notice the discrepancy. If that happens, it will be a much bigger deal than a 5 month vs. a 9 month stay at your current job.
Hiring managers generally consider it a very big deal when a candidate lies to them. Lots of them would immediately revoke an offer if they believe the candidate lied-- if they can't trust your resume, they can't trust any explanation you'd offer. Those that don't revoke the offer will assume that you are trying to cover up something really substantial.
It's really silly to lie about this because it means so little. I am hard pressed to imagine many situation where a candidate whose last two jobs lasted 22 months and 5 months would be at a serious disadvantage to one whose last two jobs lasted 18 months and 9 months. If anything, I'd tend to expect the first to be slightly advantageous-- everyone can sympathize with a new job that just didn't work out like you had hoped. The latter makes it look much more like you're a job hopper that isn't going to stick around much past a year. | Continue to lie. Cross your fingers and hope you haven't messed up your life too badly.
Any organisation that would keep you on after this is not somewhere you would want to work.
If you confess, your chance of keeping this job offer is 0%, if you keep lying, you probably have a 1% chance of getting to start the job.
Of course, chances are it will come up later, and you will be fired in your first year at this job once it is found out, but hey, if that happens you can just lie about it on your resume for your next job so it's no big deal. |
54,869 | So I just received a job offer from a small-to-mid sized company.
I signed the acceptance letter and accepted the background check, but checked a "No" for may we contact your current employer.
I lied a few months, adding 4 months to my current job and removing 4 months from my previous job (I pushed back my start date at my current employer by 4 months)
Will this be a big issue? I worked for about 1 year and 10 mos at my previous employer but only 5 months at my present employer, which raises flags if I'm leaving so early. It's just not a great job, but with the little experience at the current job I probably would have been passed up. Will this be a huge deal? Will they find out? Please advise, thanks! (I checked "No" for contacting current employer, but they can still contact my previous employer and see the difference in employment history. | 2015/09/22 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/54869",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | Continue to lie. Cross your fingers and hope you haven't messed up your life too badly.
Any organisation that would keep you on after this is not somewhere you would want to work.
If you confess, your chance of keeping this job offer is 0%, if you keep lying, you probably have a 1% chance of getting to start the job.
Of course, chances are it will come up later, and you will be fired in your first year at this job once it is found out, but hey, if that happens you can just lie about it on your resume for your next job so it's no big deal. | As explained by others, you messed up when you lied about your employment dates. This is going to come up in the background check. So, like what [Jane S wrote](https://workplace.stackexchange.com/a/54870/294), you need to come clean.
You might be able to save face by, as suggested by [RedSonja](https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/14290/redsonja) in the comments to the question, call them up and explain that you made an honest mistake. A white lie isn't ideal, and the company may or may not rescind their offer, but contacting them yourself and pointing out an error is a lot less damaging than them finding out and then starting to ask questions about it.
It's better if they think that you made an honest copy-and-paste or similar error, than that they think that you deliberately tried to pass off something that wasn't true.
And of course, if they come across this question, chances are they will be able to put two and two together and figure out exactly who you are. Which only strengthens the case for whichever way you do it, you need to take action *now*, *before* they ask questions. |
54,869 | So I just received a job offer from a small-to-mid sized company.
I signed the acceptance letter and accepted the background check, but checked a "No" for may we contact your current employer.
I lied a few months, adding 4 months to my current job and removing 4 months from my previous job (I pushed back my start date at my current employer by 4 months)
Will this be a big issue? I worked for about 1 year and 10 mos at my previous employer but only 5 months at my present employer, which raises flags if I'm leaving so early. It's just not a great job, but with the little experience at the current job I probably would have been passed up. Will this be a huge deal? Will they find out? Please advise, thanks! (I checked "No" for contacting current employer, but they can still contact my previous employer and see the difference in employment history. | 2015/09/22 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/54869",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | At this stage, if you want to minimise the damage, you need to come clean *now*.
The discrepancy will almost certainly be uncovered during the external service doing the background check, and if it comes through from them rather than directly from you then the chances of your retaining your offer sits at zero. As a hiring manager, I would be immediately wondering what else you are hiding. For example, do you really have the qualifications your claim?
Contact the organisation now. This very minute. Explain the discrepancy, apologise and hope. I would say that you have virtually no chance of keeping your offer, but it's still higher than if your prospective employer finds it out second hand. | Simple fact: explaining why you are leaving a job after only five months is easier than explaining why you lied about how long you were at your previous jobs. (I'm also not sure that 1yr6mth + 9mth is any better than 1yr10mth + 5mth).
They will find out - when they talk to your previous employer and find out you worked there four months longer than you said you did (you only told them they couldn't talk to your current employer).
And as Jane points out in her comment - once they find out about that discrepancy they will start to wondering what else you misrepresented. Again, your best chance is to come clean before they complete their checks - but I think you may have already muddied your reputation with this prospective employer.
Make sure you learn from it, and remember to always be honest in the future. |
54,869 | So I just received a job offer from a small-to-mid sized company.
I signed the acceptance letter and accepted the background check, but checked a "No" for may we contact your current employer.
I lied a few months, adding 4 months to my current job and removing 4 months from my previous job (I pushed back my start date at my current employer by 4 months)
Will this be a big issue? I worked for about 1 year and 10 mos at my previous employer but only 5 months at my present employer, which raises flags if I'm leaving so early. It's just not a great job, but with the little experience at the current job I probably would have been passed up. Will this be a huge deal? Will they find out? Please advise, thanks! (I checked "No" for contacting current employer, but they can still contact my previous employer and see the difference in employment history. | 2015/09/22 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/54869",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | At this stage, if you want to minimise the damage, you need to come clean *now*.
The discrepancy will almost certainly be uncovered during the external service doing the background check, and if it comes through from them rather than directly from you then the chances of your retaining your offer sits at zero. As a hiring manager, I would be immediately wondering what else you are hiding. For example, do you really have the qualifications your claim?
Contact the organisation now. This very minute. Explain the discrepancy, apologise and hope. I would say that you have virtually no chance of keeping your offer, but it's still higher than if your prospective employer finds it out second hand. | Whether they find out or not will depend on whether the background check involves verifying prior employment. If they do a basic check of your prior employment, they'll notice the discrepancy. If that happens, it will be a much bigger deal than a 5 month vs. a 9 month stay at your current job.
Hiring managers generally consider it a very big deal when a candidate lies to them. Lots of them would immediately revoke an offer if they believe the candidate lied-- if they can't trust your resume, they can't trust any explanation you'd offer. Those that don't revoke the offer will assume that you are trying to cover up something really substantial.
It's really silly to lie about this because it means so little. I am hard pressed to imagine many situation where a candidate whose last two jobs lasted 22 months and 5 months would be at a serious disadvantage to one whose last two jobs lasted 18 months and 9 months. If anything, I'd tend to expect the first to be slightly advantageous-- everyone can sympathize with a new job that just didn't work out like you had hoped. The latter makes it look much more like you're a job hopper that isn't going to stick around much past a year. |
54,869 | So I just received a job offer from a small-to-mid sized company.
I signed the acceptance letter and accepted the background check, but checked a "No" for may we contact your current employer.
I lied a few months, adding 4 months to my current job and removing 4 months from my previous job (I pushed back my start date at my current employer by 4 months)
Will this be a big issue? I worked for about 1 year and 10 mos at my previous employer but only 5 months at my present employer, which raises flags if I'm leaving so early. It's just not a great job, but with the little experience at the current job I probably would have been passed up. Will this be a huge deal? Will they find out? Please advise, thanks! (I checked "No" for contacting current employer, but they can still contact my previous employer and see the difference in employment history. | 2015/09/22 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/54869",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | Whether they find out or not will depend on whether the background check involves verifying prior employment. If they do a basic check of your prior employment, they'll notice the discrepancy. If that happens, it will be a much bigger deal than a 5 month vs. a 9 month stay at your current job.
Hiring managers generally consider it a very big deal when a candidate lies to them. Lots of them would immediately revoke an offer if they believe the candidate lied-- if they can't trust your resume, they can't trust any explanation you'd offer. Those that don't revoke the offer will assume that you are trying to cover up something really substantial.
It's really silly to lie about this because it means so little. I am hard pressed to imagine many situation where a candidate whose last two jobs lasted 22 months and 5 months would be at a serious disadvantage to one whose last two jobs lasted 18 months and 9 months. If anything, I'd tend to expect the first to be slightly advantageous-- everyone can sympathize with a new job that just didn't work out like you had hoped. The latter makes it look much more like you're a job hopper that isn't going to stick around much past a year. | As explained by others, you messed up when you lied about your employment dates. This is going to come up in the background check. So, like what [Jane S wrote](https://workplace.stackexchange.com/a/54870/294), you need to come clean.
You might be able to save face by, as suggested by [RedSonja](https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/14290/redsonja) in the comments to the question, call them up and explain that you made an honest mistake. A white lie isn't ideal, and the company may or may not rescind their offer, but contacting them yourself and pointing out an error is a lot less damaging than them finding out and then starting to ask questions about it.
It's better if they think that you made an honest copy-and-paste or similar error, than that they think that you deliberately tried to pass off something that wasn't true.
And of course, if they come across this question, chances are they will be able to put two and two together and figure out exactly who you are. Which only strengthens the case for whichever way you do it, you need to take action *now*, *before* they ask questions. |
54,869 | So I just received a job offer from a small-to-mid sized company.
I signed the acceptance letter and accepted the background check, but checked a "No" for may we contact your current employer.
I lied a few months, adding 4 months to my current job and removing 4 months from my previous job (I pushed back my start date at my current employer by 4 months)
Will this be a big issue? I worked for about 1 year and 10 mos at my previous employer but only 5 months at my present employer, which raises flags if I'm leaving so early. It's just not a great job, but with the little experience at the current job I probably would have been passed up. Will this be a huge deal? Will they find out? Please advise, thanks! (I checked "No" for contacting current employer, but they can still contact my previous employer and see the difference in employment history. | 2015/09/22 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/54869",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | At this stage, if you want to minimise the damage, you need to come clean *now*.
The discrepancy will almost certainly be uncovered during the external service doing the background check, and if it comes through from them rather than directly from you then the chances of your retaining your offer sits at zero. As a hiring manager, I would be immediately wondering what else you are hiding. For example, do you really have the qualifications your claim?
Contact the organisation now. This very minute. Explain the discrepancy, apologise and hope. I would say that you have virtually no chance of keeping your offer, but it's still higher than if your prospective employer finds it out second hand. | Apply for other jobs, and tell the truth, lying is both unprofessional and dangerous. Any company that would take a liar on board is not worth working for. Purely my opinion though, since others are talking about damage control, while I believe it's just throwing mud over something worse. |
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