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70,018 | I came across this sentence in the American Heritage Dictionary, but still do not understand it.
>
> This proposal is the best so far, **modulo the fact** that parts of it
> need modification.
>
>
>
The definition of *[modulo](http://www.thefreedictionary.com/modulo)* provided is *correcting or adjusting for something, as by leaving something out of account*.
Please elaborate on the meaning of *modulo the fact*. Does it mean the same as the following?
>
> This proposal is the best so far, but note what parts of it still
> need to be modified.
>
>
> | 2012/06/05 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/70018",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/21952/"
] | The OED3 has *mod* as a preposition dating from 1854, and *modulo* as a preposition dating from 1887 — but those are the more purely mathematical senses, not the extended senses that seem to crop up in the 1950s.
However, programmers and perhaps others regularly use *mod* or *modulo* in its extended sense to mean “save/except for”, or “without”, or “minus”. It’s to exclude something. This isn’t a mathematical use, although it may be a form of shop jargon.
Again, it is by no means uncommon in programmer circles, although I don’t know that I’ve myself used it in formal writing. | Like *zero* or [*orthogonal*](http://volokh.com/2010/01/11/orthogonal-ooh/), the word *modulo* has a precise technical meaning in mathematics. This makes it useful in some limited non-mathematical situations. But most people just say it to sound smart, and miss the point.
### Good usage
In mathematics, "A = B modulo C" means roughly that A and B are the same thing, except for differences of type C.
* Butane and isobutane are the same, *modulo* their shape.
* If you remember your dad's birthday but don't remember which year, then you know the day of his birth *modulo* one year.
### Bad usage
Sometimes people use "modulo" as a synonym for "except for." Example: ["All mammals, modulo the monotremes, give birth to live young."](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/modulo#Preposition) This example is arguably correct, but we have far better words for this (like except).
Sometimes people use the word modulo to mean "almost." This is almost as bad as saying "literally" when you mean "figuratively." The word "modulo" has nothing to do with closeness. In math, -1 and 999999999999 are equal modulo 1000000000000.
### Your example
>
> This proposal is the best so far, modulo the fact that parts of it need modification.
>
>
>
If the author knows what "modulo" really means, this should mean
>
> This proposal would be the best so far if parts of it were modified.
>
>
>
The dictionary author could have found a better example. |
70,018 | I came across this sentence in the American Heritage Dictionary, but still do not understand it.
>
> This proposal is the best so far, **modulo the fact** that parts of it
> need modification.
>
>
>
The definition of *[modulo](http://www.thefreedictionary.com/modulo)* provided is *correcting or adjusting for something, as by leaving something out of account*.
Please elaborate on the meaning of *modulo the fact*. Does it mean the same as the following?
>
> This proposal is the best so far, but note what parts of it still
> need to be modified.
>
>
> | 2012/06/05 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/70018",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/21952/"
] | The pattern
>
> X modulo Y
>
>
>
is an informal but common parlance in technical, especially mathematically, oriented talk. It is used to mean informally 'X, ignoring Y'. For example,
>
> "The rocket design was flawless, modulo the toxic waste produced by its fuel."
>
>
>
The meaning is inspired by, but not perfectly corresponding to, the arithmetic modulo function (for example, clock-time addition) which when suitably abstracted involves 'collapsing' all items of a set into the special items of the set, so that the full set does not need to be dealt with (this is where the associated meaning of 'ignoring' comes from).
In your interpretation "note what parts of it still need to be modified", the 'modified' part is irrelevant. 'Modulo' is pragmatically "I'm telling you about the most important part (the X), but remarking on the existence of some part that might be important for other reasons but under the current context we want to ignore (the Y)". | The OED3 has *mod* as a preposition dating from 1854, and *modulo* as a preposition dating from 1887 — but those are the more purely mathematical senses, not the extended senses that seem to crop up in the 1950s.
However, programmers and perhaps others regularly use *mod* or *modulo* in its extended sense to mean “save/except for”, or “without”, or “minus”. It’s to exclude something. This isn’t a mathematical use, although it may be a form of shop jargon.
Again, it is by no means uncommon in programmer circles, although I don’t know that I’ve myself used it in formal writing. |
70,018 | I came across this sentence in the American Heritage Dictionary, but still do not understand it.
>
> This proposal is the best so far, **modulo the fact** that parts of it
> need modification.
>
>
>
The definition of *[modulo](http://www.thefreedictionary.com/modulo)* provided is *correcting or adjusting for something, as by leaving something out of account*.
Please elaborate on the meaning of *modulo the fact*. Does it mean the same as the following?
>
> This proposal is the best so far, but note what parts of it still
> need to be modified.
>
>
> | 2012/06/05 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/70018",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/21952/"
] | The pattern
>
> X modulo Y
>
>
>
is an informal but common parlance in technical, especially mathematically, oriented talk. It is used to mean informally 'X, ignoring Y'. For example,
>
> "The rocket design was flawless, modulo the toxic waste produced by its fuel."
>
>
>
The meaning is inspired by, but not perfectly corresponding to, the arithmetic modulo function (for example, clock-time addition) which when suitably abstracted involves 'collapsing' all items of a set into the special items of the set, so that the full set does not need to be dealt with (this is where the associated meaning of 'ignoring' comes from).
In your interpretation "note what parts of it still need to be modified", the 'modified' part is irrelevant. 'Modulo' is pragmatically "I'm telling you about the most important part (the X), but remarking on the existence of some part that might be important for other reasons but under the current context we want to ignore (the Y)". | I only see this usage from academics with a background that includes England. It is used to mean the opposite of *except* - some part of the set is included, not excluded, and you're saying that you're including it even though some people might not. It isn't a substitute for *but* or *except*, because those would be about excluding something from the set. It might be closer to *even though*.
In math, *modulo* is the remainder after dividing, so `5 mod 2` is 1. In words, it's something like *even after accounting for*. However, it has been heard by generations of people who aren't sure what it means, don't want to ask, and feel that smart people use it. Those people tend to use it as *except* or *but*, meaning that you probably can't be entirely sure any more what someone means when they use it. |
26,184 | Usually I'm not done editing so all they're doing is creating unnecessary revisions that I just clobber anyway. I don't care if I put "it's" when I meant to put "its". Leave it alone, at least until I'm done.
Does anyone else have this problem?
I suggest that when someone creates a post they have a 5 minute window where no-one else can edit it. The same thing would happen when you edit a post. I believe a lot of clobbering occurs during this window. | 2009/10/16 | [
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/26184",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/users/18393/"
] | How do we know when you're done?
Seriously -- I'm not trying to be a jerk here. When a question is posted, some folks with edit privs will see it & edit it if it needs editing. There's no clear indication of "when you're done" editing your post.
Now I can see this for answers, where you might want to get in quickly and get the early bird advantage. But for questions, you should certainly be able to get all of your editing done before you hit the post button.
Just my 2 pennies. | I usually give the last editor of any post, at least a 3 minute grace period.
There is nothing more annoying than thinking you're going to edit a post again, without leaving another edit to the edit history, and then have someone else edit it in the mean time. |
26,184 | Usually I'm not done editing so all they're doing is creating unnecessary revisions that I just clobber anyway. I don't care if I put "it's" when I meant to put "its". Leave it alone, at least until I'm done.
Does anyone else have this problem?
I suggest that when someone creates a post they have a 5 minute window where no-one else can edit it. The same thing would happen when you edit a post. I believe a lot of clobbering occurs during this window. | 2009/10/16 | [
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/26184",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/users/18393/"
] | On the one hand, I've see the problem. For typo correction, I'll usually wait to edit for this very reason.
On the other hand, in cases where a new question *really needs editing*, that's 5 minutes for it to collect abuse and down-votes on the first page of questions while the (often ESL) author struggles to stop the bleeding.
I think we can put up with a bit of the former to allow us to help out newbies in the latter. | I usually give the last editor of any post, at least a 3 minute grace period.
There is nothing more annoying than thinking you're going to edit a post again, without leaving another edit to the edit history, and then have someone else edit it in the mean time. |
26,184 | Usually I'm not done editing so all they're doing is creating unnecessary revisions that I just clobber anyway. I don't care if I put "it's" when I meant to put "its". Leave it alone, at least until I'm done.
Does anyone else have this problem?
I suggest that when someone creates a post they have a 5 minute window where no-one else can edit it. The same thing would happen when you edit a post. I believe a lot of clobbering occurs during this window. | 2009/10/16 | [
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/26184",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/users/18393/"
] | I disagree, but *conditionally*. I take into account the reputation of the user's post I am editing. If it's a user that traditionally doesn't edit their work or is a low-reputation user, I'm more likely to edit their material as soon as it's posted to keep it from being closed. If it's a user like you, I'm *much* less likely to edit it soon after it's posted, and may not edit it at all. | I usually give the last editor of any post, at least a 3 minute grace period.
There is nothing more annoying than thinking you're going to edit a post again, without leaving another edit to the edit history, and then have someone else edit it in the mean time. |
26,184 | Usually I'm not done editing so all they're doing is creating unnecessary revisions that I just clobber anyway. I don't care if I put "it's" when I meant to put "its". Leave it alone, at least until I'm done.
Does anyone else have this problem?
I suggest that when someone creates a post they have a 5 minute window where no-one else can edit it. The same thing would happen when you edit a post. I believe a lot of clobbering occurs during this window. | 2009/10/16 | [
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/26184",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/users/18393/"
] | How do we know when you're done?
Seriously -- I'm not trying to be a jerk here. When a question is posted, some folks with edit privs will see it & edit it if it needs editing. There's no clear indication of "when you're done" editing your post.
Now I can see this for answers, where you might want to get in quickly and get the early bird advantage. But for questions, you should certainly be able to get all of your editing done before you hit the post button.
Just my 2 pennies. | As I said in the comments to John Rudy, I don't know what the big deal is about the conflicting edits. If you post and someone else edits it before you are done, then your newest edit is just going to come out on top anyway.
If you post and someone else is in the process of editing and don't post it in time before your own edit, you already have the tools to roll it back to the appropriate position. |
26,184 | Usually I'm not done editing so all they're doing is creating unnecessary revisions that I just clobber anyway. I don't care if I put "it's" when I meant to put "its". Leave it alone, at least until I'm done.
Does anyone else have this problem?
I suggest that when someone creates a post they have a 5 minute window where no-one else can edit it. The same thing would happen when you edit a post. I believe a lot of clobbering occurs during this window. | 2009/10/16 | [
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/26184",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/users/18393/"
] | How do we know when you're done?
Seriously -- I'm not trying to be a jerk here. When a question is posted, some folks with edit privs will see it & edit it if it needs editing. There's no clear indication of "when you're done" editing your post.
Now I can see this for answers, where you might want to get in quickly and get the early bird advantage. But for questions, you should certainly be able to get all of your editing done before you hit the post button.
Just my 2 pennies. | I disagree, but *conditionally*. I take into account the reputation of the user's post I am editing. If it's a user that traditionally doesn't edit their work or is a low-reputation user, I'm more likely to edit their material as soon as it's posted to keep it from being closed. If it's a user like you, I'm *much* less likely to edit it soon after it's posted, and may not edit it at all. |
26,184 | Usually I'm not done editing so all they're doing is creating unnecessary revisions that I just clobber anyway. I don't care if I put "it's" when I meant to put "its". Leave it alone, at least until I'm done.
Does anyone else have this problem?
I suggest that when someone creates a post they have a 5 minute window where no-one else can edit it. The same thing would happen when you edit a post. I believe a lot of clobbering occurs during this window. | 2009/10/16 | [
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/26184",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/users/18393/"
] | On the one hand, I've see the problem. For typo correction, I'll usually wait to edit for this very reason.
On the other hand, in cases where a new question *really needs editing*, that's 5 minutes for it to collect abuse and down-votes on the first page of questions while the (often ESL) author struggles to stop the bleeding.
I think we can put up with a bit of the former to allow us to help out newbies in the latter. | As I said in the comments to John Rudy, I don't know what the big deal is about the conflicting edits. If you post and someone else edits it before you are done, then your newest edit is just going to come out on top anyway.
If you post and someone else is in the process of editing and don't post it in time before your own edit, you already have the tools to roll it back to the appropriate position. |
26,184 | Usually I'm not done editing so all they're doing is creating unnecessary revisions that I just clobber anyway. I don't care if I put "it's" when I meant to put "its". Leave it alone, at least until I'm done.
Does anyone else have this problem?
I suggest that when someone creates a post they have a 5 minute window where no-one else can edit it. The same thing would happen when you edit a post. I believe a lot of clobbering occurs during this window. | 2009/10/16 | [
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/26184",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/users/18393/"
] | On the one hand, I've see the problem. For typo correction, I'll usually wait to edit for this very reason.
On the other hand, in cases where a new question *really needs editing*, that's 5 minutes for it to collect abuse and down-votes on the first page of questions while the (often ESL) author struggles to stop the bleeding.
I think we can put up with a bit of the former to allow us to help out newbies in the latter. | I disagree, but *conditionally*. I take into account the reputation of the user's post I am editing. If it's a user that traditionally doesn't edit their work or is a low-reputation user, I'm more likely to edit their material as soon as it's posted to keep it from being closed. If it's a user like you, I'm *much* less likely to edit it soon after it's posted, and may not edit it at all. |
26,184 | Usually I'm not done editing so all they're doing is creating unnecessary revisions that I just clobber anyway. I don't care if I put "it's" when I meant to put "its". Leave it alone, at least until I'm done.
Does anyone else have this problem?
I suggest that when someone creates a post they have a 5 minute window where no-one else can edit it. The same thing would happen when you edit a post. I believe a lot of clobbering occurs during this window. | 2009/10/16 | [
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/26184",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/users/18393/"
] | I disagree, but *conditionally*. I take into account the reputation of the user's post I am editing. If it's a user that traditionally doesn't edit their work or is a low-reputation user, I'm more likely to edit their material as soon as it's posted to keep it from being closed. If it's a user like you, I'm *much* less likely to edit it soon after it's posted, and may not edit it at all. | As I said in the comments to John Rudy, I don't know what the big deal is about the conflicting edits. If you post and someone else edits it before you are done, then your newest edit is just going to come out on top anyway.
If you post and someone else is in the process of editing and don't post it in time before your own edit, you already have the tools to roll it back to the appropriate position. |
1,950,578 | I'm creating a tree to represent a simple language. I'm very familiar with Abstract Syntax Trees, and have worked on frameworks for building and using them in C++. Is there a standard python library for specifying or manipulating arbitrary ASTs? Failing that, is there a tree library which is useful for the same purpose?
Note, I am not manipulating *Python ASTs*, so I think the AST module isn't suitable. | 2009/12/23 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1950578",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/104021/"
] | ASTs are very simple to implement in Python. For example, for my [pycparser](https://github.com/eliben/pycparser) project (a complete C parser in Python) I've implemented ASTs based on ideas borrowed from Python's modules. The various AST nodes are specified in a YAML configuration file, and I generate Python code for these nodes in Python itself. | If you represent your grammar elements as expressions in pyparsing, you can attach a parse action to each expression which returns a class instance containing the parsed tokens in a parser-specific type. There are a couple of examples on the pyparsing wiki that illustrate this technique ([invRegex.py](http://pyparsing.wikispaces.com/file/view/invRegex.py), [simpleBool.py](http://pyparsing.wikispaces.com/file/view/simpleBool.py) and [evalArith.py](http://pyparsing.wikispaces.com/file/view/eval_arith.py)). (These grammars all use the operatorPrecedence built-in, which can obscure some of the grammar structure, but |
1,950,578 | I'm creating a tree to represent a simple language. I'm very familiar with Abstract Syntax Trees, and have worked on frameworks for building and using them in C++. Is there a standard python library for specifying or manipulating arbitrary ASTs? Failing that, is there a tree library which is useful for the same purpose?
Note, I am not manipulating *Python ASTs*, so I think the AST module isn't suitable. | 2009/12/23 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1950578",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/104021/"
] | ASTs are very simple to implement in Python. For example, for my [pycparser](https://github.com/eliben/pycparser) project (a complete C parser in Python) I've implemented ASTs based on ideas borrowed from Python's modules. The various AST nodes are specified in a YAML configuration file, and I generate Python code for these nodes in Python itself. | This blog entry, though short on implementation detail, describes a nice interface that Python ASTs could implement.
<http://chris-lamb.co.uk/2006/12/08/visitor-pattern-in-python/> |
1,950,578 | I'm creating a tree to represent a simple language. I'm very familiar with Abstract Syntax Trees, and have worked on frameworks for building and using them in C++. Is there a standard python library for specifying or manipulating arbitrary ASTs? Failing that, is there a tree library which is useful for the same purpose?
Note, I am not manipulating *Python ASTs*, so I think the AST module isn't suitable. | 2009/12/23 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1950578",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/104021/"
] | ASTs are very simple to implement in Python. For example, for my [pycparser](https://github.com/eliben/pycparser) project (a complete C parser in Python) I've implemented ASTs based on ideas borrowed from Python's modules. The various AST nodes are specified in a YAML configuration file, and I generate Python code for these nodes in Python itself. | [`pyast`](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pyast/1.0) is a package for building declarative abstract syntax trees. |
1,950,578 | I'm creating a tree to represent a simple language. I'm very familiar with Abstract Syntax Trees, and have worked on frameworks for building and using them in C++. Is there a standard python library for specifying or manipulating arbitrary ASTs? Failing that, is there a tree library which is useful for the same purpose?
Note, I am not manipulating *Python ASTs*, so I think the AST module isn't suitable. | 2009/12/23 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1950578",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/104021/"
] | [`pyast`](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pyast/1.0) is a package for building declarative abstract syntax trees. | If you represent your grammar elements as expressions in pyparsing, you can attach a parse action to each expression which returns a class instance containing the parsed tokens in a parser-specific type. There are a couple of examples on the pyparsing wiki that illustrate this technique ([invRegex.py](http://pyparsing.wikispaces.com/file/view/invRegex.py), [simpleBool.py](http://pyparsing.wikispaces.com/file/view/simpleBool.py) and [evalArith.py](http://pyparsing.wikispaces.com/file/view/eval_arith.py)). (These grammars all use the operatorPrecedence built-in, which can obscure some of the grammar structure, but |
1,950,578 | I'm creating a tree to represent a simple language. I'm very familiar with Abstract Syntax Trees, and have worked on frameworks for building and using them in C++. Is there a standard python library for specifying or manipulating arbitrary ASTs? Failing that, is there a tree library which is useful for the same purpose?
Note, I am not manipulating *Python ASTs*, so I think the AST module isn't suitable. | 2009/12/23 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1950578",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/104021/"
] | [`pyast`](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pyast/1.0) is a package for building declarative abstract syntax trees. | This blog entry, though short on implementation detail, describes a nice interface that Python ASTs could implement.
<http://chris-lamb.co.uk/2006/12/08/visitor-pattern-in-python/> |
65,541,237 | Is there a way for me to know how many times an object in my bucket has been requested ? | 2021/01/02 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/65541237",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/14171827/"
] | If you know which objects you care about in advance you can probably go the way [samtoddler](https://stackoverflow.com/a/65541334/6485881) suggested. For a more generic approach there are two options:
1. You can [enable object-level](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/dev/cloudtrail-logging.html) logging in CloudTrail. CloudTrail will then track all API-calls concerning the bucket and you can parse the information from CloudTrail to get the desired info.
2. You can [enable server access logging](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/dev/ServerLogs.html) in S3 and store access logs for the bucket into another bucket. You can then [use something like Athena](https://aws.amazon.com/premiumsupport/knowledge-center/analyze-logs-athena/) to compile more detailed statistics about any particular objects in your bucket.
Personally I'd go with option 2) as the format is a little easier to work with for simpler queries. For a comparison of the options take a look at [this documentation](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/dev/logging-with-S3.html). Note that these options are **not** mutually exclusive, you can use both if you like. | can be done via [s3 metrics with Amazon CloudWatch](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/dev/cloudwatch-monitoring.html). Further, as per your use case, you can configure the filter by [object tag or prefix](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/user-guide/configure-metrics-filter.html) |
35,526 | It was raining. and I was walking on a road when a car and splashed dirty water on my pants. The part over which water split is from my toe up to knee. My pants were fully wet as a result. The water on the road may contain urine and other najasat. Besides, someone may have urinated beside the road. But I didn't change my pants. I performed my salat with that pant. Will my salat be valid? | 2016/09/25 | [
"https://islam.stackexchange.com/questions/35526",
"https://islam.stackexchange.com",
"https://islam.stackexchange.com/users/19374/"
] | There's a hadith addressing this:
>
> Narrated Ibn 'Abbas: The Prophet (ﷺ) ate of the meat of a shoulder (by cutting the meat with his teeth), and then got up and offered the prayer without performing the ablution anew. -- Sahih al-Bukhari 5404 ([sunnah.com](https://sunnah.com/bukhari/70/32))
>
>
>
(See also Sunan Abi Dawud 187 ([sunnah.com](http://%20https://sunnah.com/abudawud/1/187)).) So the Prophet made prayer after eating non-vegetarian food.
However, wudu is needed after camel meat; see [Does eating camel's meat break the wudu?](https://islam.stackexchange.com/q/9039/17163). | As far as i know only when ine eats camel meat should renew their Waddu. |
60,804 | The following text is a translation from a medical ultrasonography test result:
>
> No hydronephrosis was observed in either kidney.
>
>
>
Given the fact that "No" is used to negate the sentence, I am skeptic of the correctness of using "either" in the above sentence. If it is wrong, then should "neither" be used instead? | 2015/07/02 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/60804",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/12249/"
] | I believe the correct word to use is "have". The reason is that the "have" relates to the "authors" not to the original "he". Also you want to add an indefinite article before the Booker prize. So all in all.
>
> He is one of those authors who have won a Booker prize.
>
>
> | The verb there will apply to the noun which is in its closest *proximity.* And thus, it'd take 'have'. That is, it'd apply to the 'writers' and not 'he'.
>
> He's one of those writers who **have** won the Booker prize.
>
>
>
We want to emphasize the group that won the prize. There are quite similar questions here on ELL. One of them is [here](https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/15995/use-of-one-of-the-in-english). |
1,410,681 | I have the following situation:
I have a PC with Win10 installed. My computer has 2 SSD disks, one with Windows installation and the other was completely empty, so, I decided to install Ubuntu 18 in it.
I booted from a USB with Ubuntu installer. The default option in the wizard was to install in the same disk as windows, so I chose the "do something else" option. I selected the empty disk, created the mount points:
/, /home and swap
The installation finished fine and asked me to reboot. When I rebooted, a menu with purple background showed me the Windows and Ubuntu options. I chose Win in that very first reboot to make sure everything remained fine in that OS, and it did.
Then, I decided to restart in order to validate my Ubuntu installation, but BIOS just hung and it didn't even recognize my keyboard. No matter how many times I rebooted, I couldn't get past the Bios logo screen but not being able to access BIOS setting or do anything else but turn off.
I had to do a CMOS reset. After that, I booted with only the Windows 10 disk connected to the PC just to make sure everything ran smoothly. It did.
Then, I decided to reboot my computer, just to make sure. But, it happended just the same: BIOS hangs, no keyboard detection and doesn't get past that start up BIOS screen.
I did a second CMOS reset with only the Win 10 hard disk connected (again), but accessed the BIOS settings and in the Boot Options I see Windows, UEFI, the name of my SSD disk, and an Ubuntu option. Remember, the disk where I installed Ubuntu is not even connected. I don't understand how Ubuntu appears as a possible candidate for booting sequence if the disk where I installed is not even connected!!!!
How can I get rid of the Ubuntu traces that appear in my disk when choosing the Boot sequence in the BIOS? I am afraid (just guessing) that's the reason everytime I do a CMOS reset to BIOS, it only allows one boot. When I boot for the second time, my BIOS just hangs and I have to CMOS reset again and again.
Thanks a lot in advance. | 2019/03/02 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/1410681",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/1003697/"
] | According to the manual for the second device: iB-WRX150NE,
it does not have a repeater mode. It can act in Wireless Router mode or Wireless Client Router mode. The Wireless Client Router mode allows you to connect wired clients using this router as a bridge to the other wireless network. It cannot wirelessly provide access and also act as a bridge.
See section 4.5 Operation mode:
<https://www.iball.co.in/File/Product/Drivers/iB-WRX150NE%20User%20Manual.pdf> | I tend to agree with my esteemed colleague #HackSlash, the device does not seem to support the feature...
Yet, you might want to try a hack which I used with a cisco router a few years back:
1. Back up your current settings - “System Tools → Backup & Restore”
2. Connect the network cable (RJ45) from the mainRouter to one of the numbered LAN inputs (not the WAN!)
3. Keep the same SSID name (change the channel to 4 - the difference between channels need be at least 3 slots)
4. Change the operation mode from 'Router' to 'WISP' (Wireless Client)
5. Save settings and restart the secondRouter
I cannot test it on your router model, so I cannot confirm it works... If the system behaves strange - restore from “System Tools → Backup & Restore” and restart. |
1,410,681 | I have the following situation:
I have a PC with Win10 installed. My computer has 2 SSD disks, one with Windows installation and the other was completely empty, so, I decided to install Ubuntu 18 in it.
I booted from a USB with Ubuntu installer. The default option in the wizard was to install in the same disk as windows, so I chose the "do something else" option. I selected the empty disk, created the mount points:
/, /home and swap
The installation finished fine and asked me to reboot. When I rebooted, a menu with purple background showed me the Windows and Ubuntu options. I chose Win in that very first reboot to make sure everything remained fine in that OS, and it did.
Then, I decided to restart in order to validate my Ubuntu installation, but BIOS just hung and it didn't even recognize my keyboard. No matter how many times I rebooted, I couldn't get past the Bios logo screen but not being able to access BIOS setting or do anything else but turn off.
I had to do a CMOS reset. After that, I booted with only the Windows 10 disk connected to the PC just to make sure everything ran smoothly. It did.
Then, I decided to reboot my computer, just to make sure. But, it happended just the same: BIOS hangs, no keyboard detection and doesn't get past that start up BIOS screen.
I did a second CMOS reset with only the Win 10 hard disk connected (again), but accessed the BIOS settings and in the Boot Options I see Windows, UEFI, the name of my SSD disk, and an Ubuntu option. Remember, the disk where I installed Ubuntu is not even connected. I don't understand how Ubuntu appears as a possible candidate for booting sequence if the disk where I installed is not even connected!!!!
How can I get rid of the Ubuntu traces that appear in my disk when choosing the Boot sequence in the BIOS? I am afraid (just guessing) that's the reason everytime I do a CMOS reset to BIOS, it only allows one boot. When I boot for the second time, my BIOS just hangs and I have to CMOS reset again and again.
Thanks a lot in advance. | 2019/03/02 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/1410681",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/1003697/"
] | According to the manual for the second device: iB-WRX150NE,
it does not have a repeater mode. It can act in Wireless Router mode or Wireless Client Router mode. The Wireless Client Router mode allows you to connect wired clients using this router as a bridge to the other wireless network. It cannot wirelessly provide access and also act as a bridge.
See section 4.5 Operation mode:
<https://www.iball.co.in/File/Product/Drivers/iB-WRX150NE%20User%20Manual.pdf> | While this router seems to be decent, I am thinking that it does not support this feature. If none of the suggested fixes work you can try flashing it with DD-WRT. I did not see the device as being supported on this site:
<https://wiki.dd-wrt.com/wiki/index.php/Supported_Devices>
The actual manufacturer of the device or the firmware may be different than the outside branding. I have done this many times and there are numerous posts on how to configure it. It may be a little much at first, but it becomes easy.
Good luck. |
1,410,681 | I have the following situation:
I have a PC with Win10 installed. My computer has 2 SSD disks, one with Windows installation and the other was completely empty, so, I decided to install Ubuntu 18 in it.
I booted from a USB with Ubuntu installer. The default option in the wizard was to install in the same disk as windows, so I chose the "do something else" option. I selected the empty disk, created the mount points:
/, /home and swap
The installation finished fine and asked me to reboot. When I rebooted, a menu with purple background showed me the Windows and Ubuntu options. I chose Win in that very first reboot to make sure everything remained fine in that OS, and it did.
Then, I decided to restart in order to validate my Ubuntu installation, but BIOS just hung and it didn't even recognize my keyboard. No matter how many times I rebooted, I couldn't get past the Bios logo screen but not being able to access BIOS setting or do anything else but turn off.
I had to do a CMOS reset. After that, I booted with only the Windows 10 disk connected to the PC just to make sure everything ran smoothly. It did.
Then, I decided to reboot my computer, just to make sure. But, it happended just the same: BIOS hangs, no keyboard detection and doesn't get past that start up BIOS screen.
I did a second CMOS reset with only the Win 10 hard disk connected (again), but accessed the BIOS settings and in the Boot Options I see Windows, UEFI, the name of my SSD disk, and an Ubuntu option. Remember, the disk where I installed Ubuntu is not even connected. I don't understand how Ubuntu appears as a possible candidate for booting sequence if the disk where I installed is not even connected!!!!
How can I get rid of the Ubuntu traces that appear in my disk when choosing the Boot sequence in the BIOS? I am afraid (just guessing) that's the reason everytime I do a CMOS reset to BIOS, it only allows one boot. When I boot for the second time, my BIOS just hangs and I have to CMOS reset again and again.
Thanks a lot in advance. | 2019/03/02 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/1410681",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/1003697/"
] | I tend to agree with my esteemed colleague #HackSlash, the device does not seem to support the feature...
Yet, you might want to try a hack which I used with a cisco router a few years back:
1. Back up your current settings - “System Tools → Backup & Restore”
2. Connect the network cable (RJ45) from the mainRouter to one of the numbered LAN inputs (not the WAN!)
3. Keep the same SSID name (change the channel to 4 - the difference between channels need be at least 3 slots)
4. Change the operation mode from 'Router' to 'WISP' (Wireless Client)
5. Save settings and restart the secondRouter
I cannot test it on your router model, so I cannot confirm it works... If the system behaves strange - restore from “System Tools → Backup & Restore” and restart. | While this router seems to be decent, I am thinking that it does not support this feature. If none of the suggested fixes work you can try flashing it with DD-WRT. I did not see the device as being supported on this site:
<https://wiki.dd-wrt.com/wiki/index.php/Supported_Devices>
The actual manufacturer of the device or the firmware may be different than the outside branding. I have done this many times and there are numerous posts on how to configure it. It may be a little much at first, but it becomes easy.
Good luck. |
26,641 | I am trying to understand some basics of the acoustic theory.
Can someone in their own simple words explain what are the differences between the waves on two different instruments playing the same note? Such as how does a wave from a G on a guitar differ from a G in the same octave/frequency on a piano?
Also what does the 'bass' effect increase or decrease do to any wave signal you give it? | 2011/03/31 | [
"https://sound.stackexchange.com/questions/26641",
"https://sound.stackexchange.com",
"https://sound.stackexchange.com/users/10057/"
] | So, the fundamental difficulty to understand here is that each individual sound is made up of many many composite frequencies. When you play A440 on a guitar, it sounds different from A440 on a piano because the piano has vastly different upper frequency content. You said "the waves", but this is a little bit misleading: The waveform you see when you record guitar or piano is actually the sum of many many frequencies. The only way they are "the same" is that they have the same *fundamental* frequency -- that is, the lowest audible frequency of these two notes is the same, that is, 440 Hz.
As for how filtering a sound affects its content:
If you put a bass-cut on a sound, you're essentially lowering the volume of the low frequencies of the sound. If you put a bass boost, you're *raising* the volume. | Key to this is the harmonics of the note. If you just play a 440Hz perfect sine wave it doesn't sound very exciting at all, but add in some of the harmonics and it starts to come alive.
If you add in the waveforms at 3x and 5x the fundamental, or at 2x the fundamental you will get a very different tonal effect. Varying the relative amplitude of these also alters the tone. Adding in frequencies which are not a multiple can lead to more atonality (think bells or cymbals)
If you translate the waveform into the frequency domain (ie look at the output of a frequency analyser which has your sounds fed into it) you can see how much these harmonics shape the sounds we hear.
Bass and Treble (or wah and other filters) just boost or cut a particular range of frequencies.
have a look at [this wikipedia article](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrogram) for a great starting point, and also search for [fourier transform](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier_transform) to understand how the time and frequency domains are equivalent. |
26,641 | I am trying to understand some basics of the acoustic theory.
Can someone in their own simple words explain what are the differences between the waves on two different instruments playing the same note? Such as how does a wave from a G on a guitar differ from a G in the same octave/frequency on a piano?
Also what does the 'bass' effect increase or decrease do to any wave signal you give it? | 2011/03/31 | [
"https://sound.stackexchange.com/questions/26641",
"https://sound.stackexchange.com",
"https://sound.stackexchange.com/users/10057/"
] | So, the fundamental difficulty to understand here is that each individual sound is made up of many many composite frequencies. When you play A440 on a guitar, it sounds different from A440 on a piano because the piano has vastly different upper frequency content. You said "the waves", but this is a little bit misleading: The waveform you see when you record guitar or piano is actually the sum of many many frequencies. The only way they are "the same" is that they have the same *fundamental* frequency -- that is, the lowest audible frequency of these two notes is the same, that is, 440 Hz.
As for how filtering a sound affects its content:
If you put a bass-cut on a sound, you're essentially lowering the volume of the low frequencies of the sound. If you put a bass boost, you're *raising* the volume. | If you want some quick visualizations.. I suggest you look at the [Freesound Project](http://www.freesound.org/). Especially the tag '[notes](http://www.freesound.org/tagsViewSingle.php?id=615)'.. You can see how different notes look like and play them to see how they sound.. |
26,641 | I am trying to understand some basics of the acoustic theory.
Can someone in their own simple words explain what are the differences between the waves on two different instruments playing the same note? Such as how does a wave from a G on a guitar differ from a G in the same octave/frequency on a piano?
Also what does the 'bass' effect increase or decrease do to any wave signal you give it? | 2011/03/31 | [
"https://sound.stackexchange.com/questions/26641",
"https://sound.stackexchange.com",
"https://sound.stackexchange.com/users/10057/"
] | Key to this is the harmonics of the note. If you just play a 440Hz perfect sine wave it doesn't sound very exciting at all, but add in some of the harmonics and it starts to come alive.
If you add in the waveforms at 3x and 5x the fundamental, or at 2x the fundamental you will get a very different tonal effect. Varying the relative amplitude of these also alters the tone. Adding in frequencies which are not a multiple can lead to more atonality (think bells or cymbals)
If you translate the waveform into the frequency domain (ie look at the output of a frequency analyser which has your sounds fed into it) you can see how much these harmonics shape the sounds we hear.
Bass and Treble (or wah and other filters) just boost or cut a particular range of frequencies.
have a look at [this wikipedia article](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrogram) for a great starting point, and also search for [fourier transform](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier_transform) to understand how the time and frequency domains are equivalent. | If you want some quick visualizations.. I suggest you look at the [Freesound Project](http://www.freesound.org/). Especially the tag '[notes](http://www.freesound.org/tagsViewSingle.php?id=615)'.. You can see how different notes look like and play them to see how they sound.. |
5,139,243 | The Facebook app has a really nice "single-sign-on" feature that uses URLs to send authentication requests to the Facebook app (where the user is normally already logged in).
Is there a similar functionality for Twitter? Most Twitter libraries I've evaluated uses a web browser, but they don't seem to keep the session, and the user has to enter the password every time. | 2011/02/28 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/5139243",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/292477/"
] | There is no sign out from Twitter OAuth/xAuth...
you need to implement client side solution:
persistently store the access token in the NSUSerDefaults (it never expires unless the user revoke your application from account) when log in store the accesstoken, username ... etc and "keeping the user signed in", everytime when the app has accessToken...then it doesnt ask Login.
Therefore its ask u for login until he logs out from the Twitter.
when Logging out delete the Content stored using NSUserDefaults (in this case the access token)
hope that will help | In case anyone would still get here, this question is kind of obsoleted by the [Twitter framework](http://developer.apple.com/library/ios/#documentation/Twitter/Reference/TwitterFrameworkReference/_index.html) now in iOS. |
188,625 | Is there an API that has built in functions/methods to manage a SQL Server Host?
You could just connect as sysadmin and execute the sql commands, but i think there is something out-of-the-box for this. | 2010/10/07 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/188625",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/50382/"
] | Have a look at Microsoft's PowerShell. I suspect it is what you're after.
<http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/scriptcenter/powershell.aspx> | No, SQL Server interface is SQL Language. There are some Object models, but nothng .NET specific.
Check <http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa274764(SQL.80).aspx> for the administration objects. |
188,625 | Is there an API that has built in functions/methods to manage a SQL Server Host?
You could just connect as sysadmin and execute the sql commands, but i think there is something out-of-the-box for this. | 2010/10/07 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/188625",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/50382/"
] | What you want is SMO (SQL Management Objects). It is the API for managing SQL through managed code. Have a look at this MSDN article: <http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms162169.aspx> | No, SQL Server interface is SQL Language. There are some Object models, but nothng .NET specific.
Check <http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa274764(SQL.80).aspx> for the administration objects. |
188,625 | Is there an API that has built in functions/methods to manage a SQL Server Host?
You could just connect as sysadmin and execute the sql commands, but i think there is something out-of-the-box for this. | 2010/10/07 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/188625",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/50382/"
] | What you want is SMO (SQL Management Objects). It is the API for managing SQL through managed code. Have a look at this MSDN article: <http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms162169.aspx> | Have a look at Microsoft's PowerShell. I suspect it is what you're after.
<http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/scriptcenter/powershell.aspx> |
7,670,290 | I get ORA-12514:TNS:listener does not currently know of service requested in connect descriptor when running my application yet I can connect to the database via server explorer in visual studio. Where does the application look (when published) to get the information required to connect to the database? The connection string used by our application is correct. | 2011/10/06 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/7670290",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/955980/"
] | look for tnsnames.ora
<http://www.orafaq.com/wiki/Tnsnames.ora>
and keep in mind service name vs. server name. | I faced the same exception when using sqldeveloper client. This may happen if the tnsnames.ora is not present in your machine or sqldeveloper is not properly installed.
To resolve this error, change the connection type to advanced and provide the JDBC connection URL in the format "jdbc:oracle:thin:@hostname:port:sid" as shown in the image below
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/m9p4H.png) |
7,670,290 | I get ORA-12514:TNS:listener does not currently know of service requested in connect descriptor when running my application yet I can connect to the database via server explorer in visual studio. Where does the application look (when published) to get the information required to connect to the database? The connection string used by our application is correct. | 2011/10/06 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/7670290",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/955980/"
] | look for tnsnames.ora
<http://www.orafaq.com/wiki/Tnsnames.ora>
and keep in mind service name vs. server name. | It can change as the following and it is working in my environment.
Drive:\app\Administrator\product\11.2.0\dbhome\_1\NETWORK\ADMIN
**listener.ora**
1. Before
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION\_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
2. After
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION\_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.50.90)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
**tnsnames.ora**
1. Before
LISTENER\_ORCL =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
ORCL =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT\_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE\_NAME = orcl)
)
)
2. After
LISTENER\_ORCL =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.50.90)(PORT = 1521))
ORCL =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.50.90)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT\_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE\_NAME = orcl)
)
)
After that, restart the **OracleOraDb11g\_home1TNSListener** service and **OracleServiceORCL** service. |
7,670,290 | I get ORA-12514:TNS:listener does not currently know of service requested in connect descriptor when running my application yet I can connect to the database via server explorer in visual studio. Where does the application look (when published) to get the information required to connect to the database? The connection string used by our application is correct. | 2011/10/06 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/7670290",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/955980/"
] | It can change as the following and it is working in my environment.
Drive:\app\Administrator\product\11.2.0\dbhome\_1\NETWORK\ADMIN
**listener.ora**
1. Before
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION\_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
2. After
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION\_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.50.90)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
**tnsnames.ora**
1. Before
LISTENER\_ORCL =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
ORCL =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT\_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE\_NAME = orcl)
)
)
2. After
LISTENER\_ORCL =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.50.90)(PORT = 1521))
ORCL =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.50.90)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT\_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE\_NAME = orcl)
)
)
After that, restart the **OracleOraDb11g\_home1TNSListener** service and **OracleServiceORCL** service. | I faced the same exception when using sqldeveloper client. This may happen if the tnsnames.ora is not present in your machine or sqldeveloper is not properly installed.
To resolve this error, change the connection type to advanced and provide the JDBC connection URL in the format "jdbc:oracle:thin:@hostname:port:sid" as shown in the image below
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/m9p4H.png) |
99,473 | I have a point and shoot olympus mju zoom 105. It had been working perfectly fine with the first few rolls of film but recently whenever I have put a new lot of film in it automatically rewinds the film after taking only 6 photos.
Any ideas as to why this might be happening?
Thanks. | 2018/06/21 | [
"https://photo.stackexchange.com/questions/99473",
"https://photo.stackexchange.com",
"https://photo.stackexchange.com/users/76076/"
] | Had the same problem once with 135 film and a Canon EOS 300v.
Turns out, that:
* the battery was quite low (and old)
* it was winter-time outside with -5 °C
* and some idiot (me) had the habit of tightening the film before putting it into the camera.
I did so for years with manually winded cameras. But the electronics measured maybe to much needed force and therefore decided to wind back. | The most likely theories:
* Your batteries are weak. Replace them.
* There is excessive tension in the winding mechanism that is fooling the camera into thinking that the roll is done. This would need professional repair, most likely.
* The film is not winding cleanly onto the take-up spool. Make sure you are loading the film correctly. If the film engages crookedly, it's possible the camera would experience higher winding tension than it should.
* Overloaded bulk rolls of film can cause similar symptoms. Make sure you're using commercially-loaded 36-exposure (or fewer) rolls. (Bulk-loaded film - which is available from a few commercial sources but is usually done at home - should be fine, but is more likely to cause problems.)
* It might just be that the cartridges that manufacturer uses are tighter than other cartridges. Try another brand of film and see if it's any better. |
143,295 | I am writing a public facing web site in sharepoint 2010 and using JSOM to access data from lists, Things are working and now trying to deploy on production server, server has strict security settings for anonymous users and anonymous users have no access to \_vti/\_bin folder.
Breaks everything.
Following article says it is not a good idea to use JSOM for public facing web site. <https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/archive/blogs/kaevans/what-every-developer-needs-to-know-about-sharepoint-apps-csom-and-anonymous-publishing-sites#enabling-csom-for-anonymous-users>
Is there any way to get around this issue, or I have to rewrite whole application?
I could not find any reason to block \_vti\_btn folder, an article is availble on MSDN but that targets sharepoint 2007 only, nothing for sharepoint 2010.
I have checked in developer tool bar that client.svc and sites.asmx are used to read items from the list, I will try to convince my client to block whole folder except these 2 services, another important thing I have found is that these services can only be used from my sharepoint application, user cannot read list information by typing url in the browser. | 2015/05/20 | [
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/questions/143295",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/users/3447/"
] | One very common workaround I see is that you use an authenticated user to pull the Request that you need, then write it to a document library that allows anonymous access. Because most SP does not accept .json as a file type, just save it as response.txt
Then, in your public site, anonymously read from that document library:
$.ajax({ url: "/documents/response.txt", dataType: "json", method: "GET", cache: false })
This will return you exactly what the rest call to \_vti\_bin would do. Which allows your existing logic to run.
If you want to, schedule a workflow or powershell to generate the txt file daily so it's up to date. | In such situations, the only viable (i.e. open to evolutions) approach would be to deploy an applicative page (or Web service) in \_layouts via a WSP. That is, a WSP with server-side code. That page/Web service would hold all the logic/intelligence/business (with elevation if needed, or as the anonymous user to preserve security, but at least you'll be allowed to do what ever an anonymous user is allowed to do), and your client code would only call it to get everyhting served on a silver platter.
Any other way would be a very short-term fix, with a lot of side-effects/latencies/etc. |
143,295 | I am writing a public facing web site in sharepoint 2010 and using JSOM to access data from lists, Things are working and now trying to deploy on production server, server has strict security settings for anonymous users and anonymous users have no access to \_vti/\_bin folder.
Breaks everything.
Following article says it is not a good idea to use JSOM for public facing web site. <https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/archive/blogs/kaevans/what-every-developer-needs-to-know-about-sharepoint-apps-csom-and-anonymous-publishing-sites#enabling-csom-for-anonymous-users>
Is there any way to get around this issue, or I have to rewrite whole application?
I could not find any reason to block \_vti\_btn folder, an article is availble on MSDN but that targets sharepoint 2007 only, nothing for sharepoint 2010.
I have checked in developer tool bar that client.svc and sites.asmx are used to read items from the list, I will try to convince my client to block whole folder except these 2 services, another important thing I have found is that these services can only be used from my sharepoint application, user cannot read list information by typing url in the browser. | 2015/05/20 | [
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/questions/143295",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/users/3447/"
] | One very common workaround I see is that you use an authenticated user to pull the Request that you need, then write it to a document library that allows anonymous access. Because most SP does not accept .json as a file type, just save it as response.txt
Then, in your public site, anonymously read from that document library:
$.ajax({ url: "/documents/response.txt", dataType: "json", method: "GET", cache: false })
This will return you exactly what the rest call to \_vti\_bin would do. Which allows your existing logic to run.
If you want to, schedule a workflow or powershell to generate the txt file daily so it's up to date. | I agree with the above answer, you could save your js or css files into library (as Style Library) which could be published to everyone and even anonymous users. You just need to configure this library for anonymous access. You can keep all the architecture of your app, and just to modify the link of referenced files. |
143,295 | I am writing a public facing web site in sharepoint 2010 and using JSOM to access data from lists, Things are working and now trying to deploy on production server, server has strict security settings for anonymous users and anonymous users have no access to \_vti/\_bin folder.
Breaks everything.
Following article says it is not a good idea to use JSOM for public facing web site. <https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/archive/blogs/kaevans/what-every-developer-needs-to-know-about-sharepoint-apps-csom-and-anonymous-publishing-sites#enabling-csom-for-anonymous-users>
Is there any way to get around this issue, or I have to rewrite whole application?
I could not find any reason to block \_vti\_btn folder, an article is availble on MSDN but that targets sharepoint 2007 only, nothing for sharepoint 2010.
I have checked in developer tool bar that client.svc and sites.asmx are used to read items from the list, I will try to convince my client to block whole folder except these 2 services, another important thing I have found is that these services can only be used from my sharepoint application, user cannot read list information by typing url in the browser. | 2015/05/20 | [
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/questions/143295",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/users/3447/"
] | One very common workaround I see is that you use an authenticated user to pull the Request that you need, then write it to a document library that allows anonymous access. Because most SP does not accept .json as a file type, just save it as response.txt
Then, in your public site, anonymously read from that document library:
$.ajax({ url: "/documents/response.txt", dataType: "json", method: "GET", cache: false })
This will return you exactly what the rest call to \_vti\_bin would do. Which allows your existing logic to run.
If you want to, schedule a workflow or powershell to generate the txt file daily so it's up to date. | Create a custom web service that allows for anonymous access.
The client connects to the custom web service, which handles pulling the data from SharePoint. The web service runs on a non-SP server and uses its own credentials to connect to SharePoint. It then passes the data back to the client, where it can process similarly as it would have with JSOM. |
143,295 | I am writing a public facing web site in sharepoint 2010 and using JSOM to access data from lists, Things are working and now trying to deploy on production server, server has strict security settings for anonymous users and anonymous users have no access to \_vti/\_bin folder.
Breaks everything.
Following article says it is not a good idea to use JSOM for public facing web site. <https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/archive/blogs/kaevans/what-every-developer-needs-to-know-about-sharepoint-apps-csom-and-anonymous-publishing-sites#enabling-csom-for-anonymous-users>
Is there any way to get around this issue, or I have to rewrite whole application?
I could not find any reason to block \_vti\_btn folder, an article is availble on MSDN but that targets sharepoint 2007 only, nothing for sharepoint 2010.
I have checked in developer tool bar that client.svc and sites.asmx are used to read items from the list, I will try to convince my client to block whole folder except these 2 services, another important thing I have found is that these services can only be used from my sharepoint application, user cannot read list information by typing url in the browser. | 2015/05/20 | [
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/questions/143295",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/users/3447/"
] | In such situations, the only viable (i.e. open to evolutions) approach would be to deploy an applicative page (or Web service) in \_layouts via a WSP. That is, a WSP with server-side code. That page/Web service would hold all the logic/intelligence/business (with elevation if needed, or as the anonymous user to preserve security, but at least you'll be allowed to do what ever an anonymous user is allowed to do), and your client code would only call it to get everyhting served on a silver platter.
Any other way would be a very short-term fix, with a lot of side-effects/latencies/etc. | I agree with the above answer, you could save your js or css files into library (as Style Library) which could be published to everyone and even anonymous users. You just need to configure this library for anonymous access. You can keep all the architecture of your app, and just to modify the link of referenced files. |
143,295 | I am writing a public facing web site in sharepoint 2010 and using JSOM to access data from lists, Things are working and now trying to deploy on production server, server has strict security settings for anonymous users and anonymous users have no access to \_vti/\_bin folder.
Breaks everything.
Following article says it is not a good idea to use JSOM for public facing web site. <https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/archive/blogs/kaevans/what-every-developer-needs-to-know-about-sharepoint-apps-csom-and-anonymous-publishing-sites#enabling-csom-for-anonymous-users>
Is there any way to get around this issue, or I have to rewrite whole application?
I could not find any reason to block \_vti\_btn folder, an article is availble on MSDN but that targets sharepoint 2007 only, nothing for sharepoint 2010.
I have checked in developer tool bar that client.svc and sites.asmx are used to read items from the list, I will try to convince my client to block whole folder except these 2 services, another important thing I have found is that these services can only be used from my sharepoint application, user cannot read list information by typing url in the browser. | 2015/05/20 | [
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/questions/143295",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/users/3447/"
] | Create a custom web service that allows for anonymous access.
The client connects to the custom web service, which handles pulling the data from SharePoint. The web service runs on a non-SP server and uses its own credentials to connect to SharePoint. It then passes the data back to the client, where it can process similarly as it would have with JSOM. | I agree with the above answer, you could save your js or css files into library (as Style Library) which could be published to everyone and even anonymous users. You just need to configure this library for anonymous access. You can keep all the architecture of your app, and just to modify the link of referenced files. |
967,018 | In Outlook 2010, when you Reply, Reply All or Forward, how can you force the email be HTML-formatted instead of inheriting the format of the original email?
Of particular interest, I have a problem where someone sends me messages formatted as RTF in Outlook, which creates problems where the non-plain text content may not be visible to people to whom I relay the messages. I would like to be able to translate the messages to HTML when I resend them. | 2015/09/03 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/967018",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/491636/"
] | **Method 1**: change the message format manually.
Click on Reply / Reply All / Forward
This will open up a new window i.e., the e-mail editor
On the e-mail Toolbar / Ribbon
click on "**Format Text**" > "**Format**" Group > Select your preferred format
* HTML
* Plain Text
* Rich Text (RFT)
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/k8C9z.jpg)
Keyboard shortcuts:
You can perform this even faster by using keyboard shortcuts
Alt + O + TH = HTML format
Alt + O + TP = Plain Text
Alt + O + TR = RTF format
Note that only content in the body of the email will be reformatted as per your preference. There might be some inconsistancies, like too many indents, but otherwise its usually pain free. If the original message was formatted RTF in Outlook, all non-plain-text content, plus attachments, will have been stored in a winmail.dat attachment. Content within winmail.dat has to be viewed/recovered manually (requires a separate app). | **Method 2**: Macro
You change the message format via a macro
visit: <http://www.slipstick.com/developer/always-reply-using-the-same-message-format/>
I haven't tested the code available at the above link and using macros carries some risk if you don't know what you are doing.
Use with care. |
967,018 | In Outlook 2010, when you Reply, Reply All or Forward, how can you force the email be HTML-formatted instead of inheriting the format of the original email?
Of particular interest, I have a problem where someone sends me messages formatted as RTF in Outlook, which creates problems where the non-plain text content may not be visible to people to whom I relay the messages. I would like to be able to translate the messages to HTML when I resend them. | 2015/09/03 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/967018",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/491636/"
] | **Method 1**: change the message format manually.
Click on Reply / Reply All / Forward
This will open up a new window i.e., the e-mail editor
On the e-mail Toolbar / Ribbon
click on "**Format Text**" > "**Format**" Group > Select your preferred format
* HTML
* Plain Text
* Rich Text (RFT)
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/k8C9z.jpg)
Keyboard shortcuts:
You can perform this even faster by using keyboard shortcuts
Alt + O + TH = HTML format
Alt + O + TP = Plain Text
Alt + O + TR = RTF format
Note that only content in the body of the email will be reformatted as per your preference. There might be some inconsistancies, like too many indents, but otherwise its usually pain free. If the original message was formatted RTF in Outlook, all non-plain-text content, plus attachments, will have been stored in a winmail.dat attachment. Content within winmail.dat has to be viewed/recovered manually (requires a separate app). | **Method 3**: Paid Add-in
There is a way to automate this via an Add-in, but its a paid Add-in
visit: <http://www.msoutlook.info/question/628>
I don't recommend this though unless you need the add-in for other reasons as well, and its worth paying for the extra features it offers.
After all, its only a few clicks / keystrokes. |
967,018 | In Outlook 2010, when you Reply, Reply All or Forward, how can you force the email be HTML-formatted instead of inheriting the format of the original email?
Of particular interest, I have a problem where someone sends me messages formatted as RTF in Outlook, which creates problems where the non-plain text content may not be visible to people to whom I relay the messages. I would like to be able to translate the messages to HTML when I resend them. | 2015/09/03 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/967018",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/491636/"
] | I believe, the easiest method is a **free** add-in: [ReliefJet Quicks for Outlook](https://www.reliefjet.com/Quicks/Features/QuickTweaks). It provides the "Always reply using format" option that does exactly what you want (including formatting when forwarding and even more productivity tweaks). Just set the required format and forget.
It sets the format for your outgoing message, including everything in the entire message body, but note that it doesn't re-integrate what the originator's Outlook may have moved to the winmail.dat file (such as original enhanced message formatting, embedded images, hyperlinks in usable form, or attachments).
Please note that I recommend this add-in because I'm one of its developers, so feel free to ask any further questions. | **Method 2**: Macro
You change the message format via a macro
visit: <http://www.slipstick.com/developer/always-reply-using-the-same-message-format/>
I haven't tested the code available at the above link and using macros carries some risk if you don't know what you are doing.
Use with care. |
967,018 | In Outlook 2010, when you Reply, Reply All or Forward, how can you force the email be HTML-formatted instead of inheriting the format of the original email?
Of particular interest, I have a problem where someone sends me messages formatted as RTF in Outlook, which creates problems where the non-plain text content may not be visible to people to whom I relay the messages. I would like to be able to translate the messages to HTML when I resend them. | 2015/09/03 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/967018",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/491636/"
] | I believe, the easiest method is a **free** add-in: [ReliefJet Quicks for Outlook](https://www.reliefjet.com/Quicks/Features/QuickTweaks). It provides the "Always reply using format" option that does exactly what you want (including formatting when forwarding and even more productivity tweaks). Just set the required format and forget.
It sets the format for your outgoing message, including everything in the entire message body, but note that it doesn't re-integrate what the originator's Outlook may have moved to the winmail.dat file (such as original enhanced message formatting, embedded images, hyperlinks in usable form, or attachments).
Please note that I recommend this add-in because I'm one of its developers, so feel free to ask any further questions. | **Method 3**: Paid Add-in
There is a way to automate this via an Add-in, but its a paid Add-in
visit: <http://www.msoutlook.info/question/628>
I don't recommend this though unless you need the add-in for other reasons as well, and its worth paying for the extra features it offers.
After all, its only a few clicks / keystrokes. |
53,237 | Not to make this a post complaining about my inability to write, but I'd like to understand the universal challenges people face when writing and overcome some of these common challenges. Maybe understanding how others approach these barriers to write will help me develop as a better writer.
A little bit of context: Science, as in actual science, is what I want to write personally, but I am more interested in how people overcome challenges in writing in general.
Background: I am a university student, and I have written a few papers, but I found the process always to be a struggle. I couldn't start easily, and I always took criticisms personally; my writing is quite verbose. How do people deal with these sorts of challenges?
Thanks a lot for sharing your experiences. | 2020/10/22 | [
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/questions/53237",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/users/47348/"
] | I think that for a lot of people (including me), it's **procrastination and fear that makes it harder than it is.**.
>
> According to a recent survey, 81 percent of Americans feel they have a book in them -- and that they should write it
>
>
>
This means that a little over 4/5 of the U.S population feels as if they have a story worth telling. Now, assuming all 81% actually get into the stages of writing a book, **most of them don't go the distance because of the difficulty.**.
Why?
**1. They don't think they can write.**
People have an 'I'm not a writer' mentality. This basically means that they feel as if they would not be able to write something that other people can sell. They believe that, since they don't write much, they are destined to never write a book.
If you don't think you can write, it will be extremely difficult for you to power through. Thinking too much about your "skill level" and "natural ability" can make it hard for the writer. Being too harsh on yourself will make the writing process a nightmare.
New's flash: Every person can write. You, the person reading this, can write. I can write. My best friend can write. It's just up to you to see whether or not you can use the techniques developed by writing. A lot of the time this enhances the writing, but you don't HAVE to do it. There is no 'right' way to write, even grammar is ever-changing in the English language and isn't even taught in many English classes in the U.S.
**2. A break can make or break the difficulty.**
For many people, taking a break from their novel helps them regain interest in it. For me (and I'm sure other people), it may be difficult to get into the groove as you did before. This can make writing it confusing, as you may forget specific details or just can't pick something else for a plot.
**3. It's difficult to stick to one idea**
Similarly, what makes writing a novel so difficult is sticking with one overall idea. Sure, you can change minor things, but making a complete 360 in a novel's plot or genre (for the most part) will be difficult to explain to readers. There is this thing where writers will have an amazing idea, write a few chapters, and then lose complete interest in the story that they're telling. It's very difficult to write something if your heart isn't in it. It'll feel more like a chore than something you want to do.
**There are other reasons it may be difficult, too.** These are just some of the most common ones I could think of that may explain why you feel like writing is hard. | I know this seems weird, but I only ever had one barrier. My arch nemesis. Evil on paper. Worse than my antagonist.
Dialogue.
I was reviewing my paper when I noticed that all my characters sounded exactly the same, and spoke to each other really weird. The guy who lived on the farm spoke without an accent. The girl who lived homeless and uneducated in Washington spoke sophisticated. My main character who had been through many traumatic experiences spoke... cleaner. The characters who didn’t know English well spoke it well. It was a big problem.
So I jumped online for answers. And came to this website. I asked a few questions, got a few answers, and started editing my characters voices. The farm guy got an accent. The homeless girl didn’t know a few words and needed help with them. The main character was mean and cussed. The elves spoke choppy and weird.
Problem solved! The end.
That’s the short version of the story. Actually it took me a while to research how different people spoke in different areas. For the homeless girl, I had to decide when she ran away and what level of education she received, in what area. Then I had to look up what people with that education level had learned, and had to be careful not to make her say something beyond what she knew. This was very difficult because sometimes I needed to make my characters say something and they couldn’t. Especially with farm guy. I hated giving him an accent because it made him sound stupid, when he was the sparkling jewel of my cast beside the main character. But the accent was him. I couldn’t take it away just because I didn’t like it. You have to be consistent with your rules in whatever you’re writing. |
53,237 | Not to make this a post complaining about my inability to write, but I'd like to understand the universal challenges people face when writing and overcome some of these common challenges. Maybe understanding how others approach these barriers to write will help me develop as a better writer.
A little bit of context: Science, as in actual science, is what I want to write personally, but I am more interested in how people overcome challenges in writing in general.
Background: I am a university student, and I have written a few papers, but I found the process always to be a struggle. I couldn't start easily, and I always took criticisms personally; my writing is quite verbose. How do people deal with these sorts of challenges?
Thanks a lot for sharing your experiences. | 2020/10/22 | [
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/questions/53237",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/users/47348/"
] | There are hundreds of books about writing. There are very few that really tell you *how* to write.
I will tell you the secret: **organize!**
Do not just sit down and start writing.
Scientific writing is easier as there is often a template that is expected so you already have the hard work done for you. After that you will need to know your specific material and organize it. There may be some general-ish templates that might guide that part for you.
After that it is knowing your tools and getting practice with actually writing. Procrastination comes from fear. Doing it shows you that you can do it and will get past that issue. Also the organization will help you the first time by showing you that you can do it if you just finish the writing.
The tools you need to look at are brainstorming and cluster mapping to create and sort out your potential content. Word processors and Excel would be good to learn to use effectively. Also learn to touch type. With the right system you can do 40wpm in a week of practice spread out over a couple of months. | I know this seems weird, but I only ever had one barrier. My arch nemesis. Evil on paper. Worse than my antagonist.
Dialogue.
I was reviewing my paper when I noticed that all my characters sounded exactly the same, and spoke to each other really weird. The guy who lived on the farm spoke without an accent. The girl who lived homeless and uneducated in Washington spoke sophisticated. My main character who had been through many traumatic experiences spoke... cleaner. The characters who didn’t know English well spoke it well. It was a big problem.
So I jumped online for answers. And came to this website. I asked a few questions, got a few answers, and started editing my characters voices. The farm guy got an accent. The homeless girl didn’t know a few words and needed help with them. The main character was mean and cussed. The elves spoke choppy and weird.
Problem solved! The end.
That’s the short version of the story. Actually it took me a while to research how different people spoke in different areas. For the homeless girl, I had to decide when she ran away and what level of education she received, in what area. Then I had to look up what people with that education level had learned, and had to be careful not to make her say something beyond what she knew. This was very difficult because sometimes I needed to make my characters say something and they couldn’t. Especially with farm guy. I hated giving him an accent because it made him sound stupid, when he was the sparkling jewel of my cast beside the main character. But the accent was him. I couldn’t take it away just because I didn’t like it. You have to be consistent with your rules in whatever you’re writing. |
53,237 | Not to make this a post complaining about my inability to write, but I'd like to understand the universal challenges people face when writing and overcome some of these common challenges. Maybe understanding how others approach these barriers to write will help me develop as a better writer.
A little bit of context: Science, as in actual science, is what I want to write personally, but I am more interested in how people overcome challenges in writing in general.
Background: I am a university student, and I have written a few papers, but I found the process always to be a struggle. I couldn't start easily, and I always took criticisms personally; my writing is quite verbose. How do people deal with these sorts of challenges?
Thanks a lot for sharing your experiences. | 2020/10/22 | [
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/questions/53237",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/users/47348/"
] | I know this seems weird, but I only ever had one barrier. My arch nemesis. Evil on paper. Worse than my antagonist.
Dialogue.
I was reviewing my paper when I noticed that all my characters sounded exactly the same, and spoke to each other really weird. The guy who lived on the farm spoke without an accent. The girl who lived homeless and uneducated in Washington spoke sophisticated. My main character who had been through many traumatic experiences spoke... cleaner. The characters who didn’t know English well spoke it well. It was a big problem.
So I jumped online for answers. And came to this website. I asked a few questions, got a few answers, and started editing my characters voices. The farm guy got an accent. The homeless girl didn’t know a few words and needed help with them. The main character was mean and cussed. The elves spoke choppy and weird.
Problem solved! The end.
That’s the short version of the story. Actually it took me a while to research how different people spoke in different areas. For the homeless girl, I had to decide when she ran away and what level of education she received, in what area. Then I had to look up what people with that education level had learned, and had to be careful not to make her say something beyond what she knew. This was very difficult because sometimes I needed to make my characters say something and they couldn’t. Especially with farm guy. I hated giving him an accent because it made him sound stupid, when he was the sparkling jewel of my cast beside the main character. But the accent was him. I couldn’t take it away just because I didn’t like it. You have to be consistent with your rules in whatever you’re writing. | Oh man. Writing research papers is my biggest weakness. I always did poorly in English and History because of research papers.
One common problem people face with academic writing is verboseness. This is often caused by the word count minimum most teachers use for papers. It's intended to force students to put more content in their papers and search deeper into their topic, but what it actually encourages is writing long, verbose, fluffy sentences. It incentivizes adding extra words and sentences that don't contribute to the overall structure of the paper.
My English teacher senior year in high school had a brilliant solution. Instead of a word minimum, she assigned us a paper with a 500 word *maximum*. All of us fluffers struggled getting all of our analysis into that tight 500 word limit. Dealing with that kind of limit really makes you crack down on fluffy writing and only write what is necessary.
About not starting easily, I got nothing. All I can say is that I snacked on candy a lot while trying to write research papers and it actually severely hindered my ability to concentrate. Sugary foods and critical thinking don't mix.
One option is to set aside an hour or so to work, or give yourself a daily goal, and when the time is up or the goal is met, reward yourself with a sugary treat. I can't say this has worked for me, but it sounds good on paper.
I get it, it's hard not to take criticism personally, especially if it's not delivered in a polite way. I find criticism is more helpful if it includes steps to improve. Ask your advisor or critic how your work can be improved, and then you'll have actionable advice instead of just negative comments.
Optionally, you can look at critique of others' works. On paper, this would help you see that the criticism isn't personal to you, but idk if it would work or not.
In summary:
* Practice anti-fluff by writing papers with a *word maximum*
* Don't eat sugary foods while writing the paper
* Ask your critics for steps to improve |
53,237 | Not to make this a post complaining about my inability to write, but I'd like to understand the universal challenges people face when writing and overcome some of these common challenges. Maybe understanding how others approach these barriers to write will help me develop as a better writer.
A little bit of context: Science, as in actual science, is what I want to write personally, but I am more interested in how people overcome challenges in writing in general.
Background: I am a university student, and I have written a few papers, but I found the process always to be a struggle. I couldn't start easily, and I always took criticisms personally; my writing is quite verbose. How do people deal with these sorts of challenges?
Thanks a lot for sharing your experiences. | 2020/10/22 | [
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/questions/53237",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/users/47348/"
] | I think that for a lot of people (including me), it's **procrastination and fear that makes it harder than it is.**.
>
> According to a recent survey, 81 percent of Americans feel they have a book in them -- and that they should write it
>
>
>
This means that a little over 4/5 of the U.S population feels as if they have a story worth telling. Now, assuming all 81% actually get into the stages of writing a book, **most of them don't go the distance because of the difficulty.**.
Why?
**1. They don't think they can write.**
People have an 'I'm not a writer' mentality. This basically means that they feel as if they would not be able to write something that other people can sell. They believe that, since they don't write much, they are destined to never write a book.
If you don't think you can write, it will be extremely difficult for you to power through. Thinking too much about your "skill level" and "natural ability" can make it hard for the writer. Being too harsh on yourself will make the writing process a nightmare.
New's flash: Every person can write. You, the person reading this, can write. I can write. My best friend can write. It's just up to you to see whether or not you can use the techniques developed by writing. A lot of the time this enhances the writing, but you don't HAVE to do it. There is no 'right' way to write, even grammar is ever-changing in the English language and isn't even taught in many English classes in the U.S.
**2. A break can make or break the difficulty.**
For many people, taking a break from their novel helps them regain interest in it. For me (and I'm sure other people), it may be difficult to get into the groove as you did before. This can make writing it confusing, as you may forget specific details or just can't pick something else for a plot.
**3. It's difficult to stick to one idea**
Similarly, what makes writing a novel so difficult is sticking with one overall idea. Sure, you can change minor things, but making a complete 360 in a novel's plot or genre (for the most part) will be difficult to explain to readers. There is this thing where writers will have an amazing idea, write a few chapters, and then lose complete interest in the story that they're telling. It's very difficult to write something if your heart isn't in it. It'll feel more like a chore than something you want to do.
**There are other reasons it may be difficult, too.** These are just some of the most common ones I could think of that may explain why you feel like writing is hard. | Oh man. Writing research papers is my biggest weakness. I always did poorly in English and History because of research papers.
One common problem people face with academic writing is verboseness. This is often caused by the word count minimum most teachers use for papers. It's intended to force students to put more content in their papers and search deeper into their topic, but what it actually encourages is writing long, verbose, fluffy sentences. It incentivizes adding extra words and sentences that don't contribute to the overall structure of the paper.
My English teacher senior year in high school had a brilliant solution. Instead of a word minimum, she assigned us a paper with a 500 word *maximum*. All of us fluffers struggled getting all of our analysis into that tight 500 word limit. Dealing with that kind of limit really makes you crack down on fluffy writing and only write what is necessary.
About not starting easily, I got nothing. All I can say is that I snacked on candy a lot while trying to write research papers and it actually severely hindered my ability to concentrate. Sugary foods and critical thinking don't mix.
One option is to set aside an hour or so to work, or give yourself a daily goal, and when the time is up or the goal is met, reward yourself with a sugary treat. I can't say this has worked for me, but it sounds good on paper.
I get it, it's hard not to take criticism personally, especially if it's not delivered in a polite way. I find criticism is more helpful if it includes steps to improve. Ask your advisor or critic how your work can be improved, and then you'll have actionable advice instead of just negative comments.
Optionally, you can look at critique of others' works. On paper, this would help you see that the criticism isn't personal to you, but idk if it would work or not.
In summary:
* Practice anti-fluff by writing papers with a *word maximum*
* Don't eat sugary foods while writing the paper
* Ask your critics for steps to improve |
53,237 | Not to make this a post complaining about my inability to write, but I'd like to understand the universal challenges people face when writing and overcome some of these common challenges. Maybe understanding how others approach these barriers to write will help me develop as a better writer.
A little bit of context: Science, as in actual science, is what I want to write personally, but I am more interested in how people overcome challenges in writing in general.
Background: I am a university student, and I have written a few papers, but I found the process always to be a struggle. I couldn't start easily, and I always took criticisms personally; my writing is quite verbose. How do people deal with these sorts of challenges?
Thanks a lot for sharing your experiences. | 2020/10/22 | [
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/questions/53237",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/users/47348/"
] | There are hundreds of books about writing. There are very few that really tell you *how* to write.
I will tell you the secret: **organize!**
Do not just sit down and start writing.
Scientific writing is easier as there is often a template that is expected so you already have the hard work done for you. After that you will need to know your specific material and organize it. There may be some general-ish templates that might guide that part for you.
After that it is knowing your tools and getting practice with actually writing. Procrastination comes from fear. Doing it shows you that you can do it and will get past that issue. Also the organization will help you the first time by showing you that you can do it if you just finish the writing.
The tools you need to look at are brainstorming and cluster mapping to create and sort out your potential content. Word processors and Excel would be good to learn to use effectively. Also learn to touch type. With the right system you can do 40wpm in a week of practice spread out over a couple of months. | Oh man. Writing research papers is my biggest weakness. I always did poorly in English and History because of research papers.
One common problem people face with academic writing is verboseness. This is often caused by the word count minimum most teachers use for papers. It's intended to force students to put more content in their papers and search deeper into their topic, but what it actually encourages is writing long, verbose, fluffy sentences. It incentivizes adding extra words and sentences that don't contribute to the overall structure of the paper.
My English teacher senior year in high school had a brilliant solution. Instead of a word minimum, she assigned us a paper with a 500 word *maximum*. All of us fluffers struggled getting all of our analysis into that tight 500 word limit. Dealing with that kind of limit really makes you crack down on fluffy writing and only write what is necessary.
About not starting easily, I got nothing. All I can say is that I snacked on candy a lot while trying to write research papers and it actually severely hindered my ability to concentrate. Sugary foods and critical thinking don't mix.
One option is to set aside an hour or so to work, or give yourself a daily goal, and when the time is up or the goal is met, reward yourself with a sugary treat. I can't say this has worked for me, but it sounds good on paper.
I get it, it's hard not to take criticism personally, especially if it's not delivered in a polite way. I find criticism is more helpful if it includes steps to improve. Ask your advisor or critic how your work can be improved, and then you'll have actionable advice instead of just negative comments.
Optionally, you can look at critique of others' works. On paper, this would help you see that the criticism isn't personal to you, but idk if it would work or not.
In summary:
* Practice anti-fluff by writing papers with a *word maximum*
* Don't eat sugary foods while writing the paper
* Ask your critics for steps to improve |
14,982,328 | This problem might seem very basic but I couldn't find an answer to it.
I need to place an imageView in a special position in the screen. Suppose, I need it to be three tenth from the top, and one fifth from the left of the screen.
The first thing that comes to mind is to use an AbsoluteLayout and place the imageView using absolute coordinates. However this method causes problems in working with different screen sizes.
The problem is that I can not get the screen dimensions (width and height) in the xml file, and on the other hand, I couldn't find a setX() / setY() or similar method for ImageView to do it programatically.
An idea to solve this problem was using LinearLayout instead of AbsoluteLayout and to insert dummy views (like textVies) to fill the space behind or above my desired imageView. But this gets complicated if I have multiple imageViews to place in the screen and if the desired positions are not aligned.
Another solution was using padding or margin, but it didn't work with the AbsoluteView. | 2013/02/20 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/14982328",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/2003909/"
] | You compiled this app for Windows not for DOS. It will not work. You need to compile the app to work on DOS. Why are you using Dosbox for that? | The Windows and DOS consoles look alike and share some of the same typed commands, but they are built on two completely different operating systems.
A Windows console-mode application runs modern 32-bit or 64-bit code and has access to all of the vast Windows API.
The DOS command line is part of DOS, an older operating system, which (mainly) runs 16-bit code. It has its own separate APIs and conventions for things like file handling, memory management, and hardware support. This is the platform that DOSBox emulates. So, DOSBox will not run Windows programs. (That said, it can run early versions of Windows itself, since those were plain DOS programs).
* If you want to compile a program to run on DOS you'll need a compiler from that era for that operating system. Turbo C++ is a good one (search for 'turbo c++ 3.0 abandonware').
* If you want to compile a Windows application that runs in a console, then your existing compiler is perfect, but then you don't want DOSBox. Open the Windows command prompt/line/thing instead (Start -> Run -> cmd -> Enter). |
14,982,328 | This problem might seem very basic but I couldn't find an answer to it.
I need to place an imageView in a special position in the screen. Suppose, I need it to be three tenth from the top, and one fifth from the left of the screen.
The first thing that comes to mind is to use an AbsoluteLayout and place the imageView using absolute coordinates. However this method causes problems in working with different screen sizes.
The problem is that I can not get the screen dimensions (width and height) in the xml file, and on the other hand, I couldn't find a setX() / setY() or similar method for ImageView to do it programatically.
An idea to solve this problem was using LinearLayout instead of AbsoluteLayout and to insert dummy views (like textVies) to fill the space behind or above my desired imageView. But this gets complicated if I have multiple imageViews to place in the screen and if the desired positions are not aligned.
Another solution was using padding or margin, but it didn't work with the AbsoluteView. | 2013/02/20 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/14982328",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/2003909/"
] | You have compiled a Windows program, which can only run in Windows and not in DOS or emulated DOS. Run the program directly, without DosBox. | The Windows and DOS consoles look alike and share some of the same typed commands, but they are built on two completely different operating systems.
A Windows console-mode application runs modern 32-bit or 64-bit code and has access to all of the vast Windows API.
The DOS command line is part of DOS, an older operating system, which (mainly) runs 16-bit code. It has its own separate APIs and conventions for things like file handling, memory management, and hardware support. This is the platform that DOSBox emulates. So, DOSBox will not run Windows programs. (That said, it can run early versions of Windows itself, since those were plain DOS programs).
* If you want to compile a program to run on DOS you'll need a compiler from that era for that operating system. Turbo C++ is a good one (search for 'turbo c++ 3.0 abandonware').
* If you want to compile a Windows application that runs in a console, then your existing compiler is perfect, but then you don't want DOSBox. Open the Windows command prompt/line/thing instead (Start -> Run -> cmd -> Enter). |
141,656 | When I launch the Tiny Death Star game, it always shows Palpatine in a chair, saying how much I have made while not playing the game.
**How can I disable this screen so it immediately shows my Tiny Death Star first?** | 2013/11/11 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/141656",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/18818/"
] | Although you can't disable the screen, you can skip it quickly. The continue button doesn't appear for a second or two, but even before it appears you can tap that spot on the screen to immediately dismiss it. | **In my opinion, you can't.**
I know it's annoying and frankly the whole animation is way too long without the option to skip it... But I've been looking all over the game myself and didn't find any disable option.
The game came out like 5 days ago, so we can hope that Nimblebit includes this issue in one of their updates. There's stil a lot of bugs, so I'm expecting an update very soon :-) |
8,199,309 | Not-so-critical data can be stored in memcache. However, how can complicated data be stored there while being updated simultaneously by different user sessions.
Say a graph, tree or linked list? It is OK to miss a node, but it is bad to loose the whole graph/tree/list if a node is evicted. An example here is sending user update notification among online-users.
App engine's appstats use a predetermined 1000 bucket which is good ( I think there is no dependency among them). But I am thinking about more complicated cases...
Any tutorial, example or theory would be considered helpful...
( Memcached tag was added, but I know it is not for app engine ) | 2011/11/20 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/8199309",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/514748/"
] | This is [a bug in the Graph API](http://developers.facebook.com/bugs/275104435865868), and should eventually be fixed by Facebook.
Facebook has pledged to provide [90 day notifications before making breaking changes to the API](http://developers.facebook.com/roadmap/change-policy/), so it is important to file bugs even if you assume that a change was intentional but there was no prior notification. | Now it comes back as a part of the Graph API data set.
Look at the page - <https://developers.facebook.com/docs/reference/api/> - for what the API header is, and then under the photos, it'll show you the data set that gets returned from the photo api request - (PHP example - <https://graph.facebook.com/98423808305>)
Hope that helps. |
258,684 | I'd like to add a a shortcut to Finder's Places Sidebar. The folder's name happens to be Applications, so I want to give it a different name since there's already the standard Applications folder there.
Renaming the folder on the sidebar renames the actual folder, which is undesirable because I think it might break the program which uses it.
I've tried making an alias, and then dragging the alias to the Sidebar, but the real name gets used.
Do you know how I can create this shortcut on the sidebar with a different name? | 2011/03/17 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/258684",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/68111/"
] | The following worked for me. I create an alias, renamed to something like -> Application and then put it in the Favorites section of the sidebar. That way it won't actually rename the folder. If I tried to put it in the iCloud section it reverted back to the folder name. | You could rename the folder, while putting a symlink called "Applications" pointing to it inside its parent directory. Then all paths going through foo/Applications would continue to work. |
1,480,389 | Is it possible with IIS to serve a .php page, but that can also host asp.net control?
Like a two-pass parsing, the first pass parse the php, then the asp.net parser transform the controls.
The variable declared on each layer do not need to be shared.
Is it possible or is it a sin? | 2009/09/26 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1480389",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/151488/"
] | Putting one view over a sibling view has never been well-supported in Mac OS X. Try making it a subview instead. You may even want to make it a private component of a dedicated search-field view.
On that note, is there a reason you're not using NSSearchField? | I got it figured out! Finally.
What I didn't realize was the the "drawRect:" method's parameter "dirtyRect", is the portion of the control that is "dirty", meaning it needs to be redrawn.
So, when an NSTextField is on top of a control, it will trigger that control's "drawRect:" to be called (3) different times - with different "dirtyRect" parameters.
1: the cursor - usually an NSMakeRect(textField.origin.x,textfield.origin.y,1,textfield.origin.height).
2: the text field frame
3: the size of the control the text field is sitting on.
So, the fix was simple, change my control's scale 9 drawing to always draw to [self frame]. You can see the change here: <http://pastebin.com/m50a5b0ad> (line 89).
Previously, it was drawing to the "rect" parameter (<http://pastebin.com/m5e909a2f> - line 88), but depending on where the drawRect call was coming from, the rect parameter was different sizes. |
5,118 | Is this just a historical artifact - that the particle physics community decided at some point to call all of the pre-oscillation physics by the name the "Standard Model"? The reason I ask is because I often see articles and books say something to the effect "the strongest hint of physics beyond the SM are the non-zero neutrino masses" as if this is something significant and mysterious - whereas from what I gathered from the answer to a [question I asked previously](https://physics.stackexchange.com/q/3020/) , lepton mixing is something natural and unsurprising. So why aren't neutrino oscillations considered part of the SM? I am not asking out of any sociological interest but because I want to make sure I haven't underestimated the significance of the discovery of neutrino oscillations. | 2011/02/13 | [
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/5118",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/users/1228/"
] | The historical formulation of the SM involved one Higgs doublet and only renormalizable couplings, the latter being due to the focus at the time on achieving a renormalizable formulation of the weak interactions. With these restrictions neutrinos are massless and do not oscillate. To get neutrino masses you need to extend this framework either by adding
non-renormalizable dimension 5 operators, which one would naturally expect to be there in the framework of effective field theory, or you have to add renormalizable couplings involving new fields, typically including SM singlet Weyl fermions (i.e. right-handed neutrinos) and a SM singlet Higgs field. How much of an extension of the SM this really involves is subjective. There were many theoretical papers speculating on such extensions before the actual discovery of neutrino oscillations. | Because neutrinos were still widely considered massless at the time "The Standard Model" was formulated.
One could argue that we're on StandardModel v2.3ish at this point and that the up-to-date release includes massive, mixing neutrinos, but that just leads to a confusion of terminology. |
5,118 | Is this just a historical artifact - that the particle physics community decided at some point to call all of the pre-oscillation physics by the name the "Standard Model"? The reason I ask is because I often see articles and books say something to the effect "the strongest hint of physics beyond the SM are the non-zero neutrino masses" as if this is something significant and mysterious - whereas from what I gathered from the answer to a [question I asked previously](https://physics.stackexchange.com/q/3020/) , lepton mixing is something natural and unsurprising. So why aren't neutrino oscillations considered part of the SM? I am not asking out of any sociological interest but because I want to make sure I haven't underestimated the significance of the discovery of neutrino oscillations. | 2011/02/13 | [
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/5118",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/users/1228/"
] | The historical formulation of the SM involved one Higgs doublet and only renormalizable couplings, the latter being due to the focus at the time on achieving a renormalizable formulation of the weak interactions. With these restrictions neutrinos are massless and do not oscillate. To get neutrino masses you need to extend this framework either by adding
non-renormalizable dimension 5 operators, which one would naturally expect to be there in the framework of effective field theory, or you have to add renormalizable couplings involving new fields, typically including SM singlet Weyl fermions (i.e. right-handed neutrinos) and a SM singlet Higgs field. How much of an extension of the SM this really involves is subjective. There were many theoretical papers speculating on such extensions before the actual discovery of neutrino oscillations. | I'll add reference to the "[Ten Lectures on the ElectroWeak Interactions](http://arxiv.org/abs/0706.0684v1)" by Barbieri.
In my opinion -- the best reading on the electroweak physics. |
5,118 | Is this just a historical artifact - that the particle physics community decided at some point to call all of the pre-oscillation physics by the name the "Standard Model"? The reason I ask is because I often see articles and books say something to the effect "the strongest hint of physics beyond the SM are the non-zero neutrino masses" as if this is something significant and mysterious - whereas from what I gathered from the answer to a [question I asked previously](https://physics.stackexchange.com/q/3020/) , lepton mixing is something natural and unsurprising. So why aren't neutrino oscillations considered part of the SM? I am not asking out of any sociological interest but because I want to make sure I haven't underestimated the significance of the discovery of neutrino oscillations. | 2011/02/13 | [
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/5118",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/users/1228/"
] | The historical formulation of the SM involved one Higgs doublet and only renormalizable couplings, the latter being due to the focus at the time on achieving a renormalizable formulation of the weak interactions. With these restrictions neutrinos are massless and do not oscillate. To get neutrino masses you need to extend this framework either by adding
non-renormalizable dimension 5 operators, which one would naturally expect to be there in the framework of effective field theory, or you have to add renormalizable couplings involving new fields, typically including SM singlet Weyl fermions (i.e. right-handed neutrinos) and a SM singlet Higgs field. How much of an extension of the SM this really involves is subjective. There were many theoretical papers speculating on such extensions before the actual discovery of neutrino oscillations. | Because there are different extensions you can use to give mass to the neutrinos. You can put mass only in left neutrinos, or you can add right neutrinos, and it is even unclear how many species to add. Of course, a GUT-like neutrino, as in SO(10) etc, seems preferable, but it is not the only option. |
5,118 | Is this just a historical artifact - that the particle physics community decided at some point to call all of the pre-oscillation physics by the name the "Standard Model"? The reason I ask is because I often see articles and books say something to the effect "the strongest hint of physics beyond the SM are the non-zero neutrino masses" as if this is something significant and mysterious - whereas from what I gathered from the answer to a [question I asked previously](https://physics.stackexchange.com/q/3020/) , lepton mixing is something natural and unsurprising. So why aren't neutrino oscillations considered part of the SM? I am not asking out of any sociological interest but because I want to make sure I haven't underestimated the significance of the discovery of neutrino oscillations. | 2011/02/13 | [
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/5118",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/users/1228/"
] | Because neutrinos were still widely considered massless at the time "The Standard Model" was formulated.
One could argue that we're on StandardModel v2.3ish at this point and that the up-to-date release includes massive, mixing neutrinos, but that just leads to a confusion of terminology. | I'll add reference to the "[Ten Lectures on the ElectroWeak Interactions](http://arxiv.org/abs/0706.0684v1)" by Barbieri.
In my opinion -- the best reading on the electroweak physics. |
5,118 | Is this just a historical artifact - that the particle physics community decided at some point to call all of the pre-oscillation physics by the name the "Standard Model"? The reason I ask is because I often see articles and books say something to the effect "the strongest hint of physics beyond the SM are the non-zero neutrino masses" as if this is something significant and mysterious - whereas from what I gathered from the answer to a [question I asked previously](https://physics.stackexchange.com/q/3020/) , lepton mixing is something natural and unsurprising. So why aren't neutrino oscillations considered part of the SM? I am not asking out of any sociological interest but because I want to make sure I haven't underestimated the significance of the discovery of neutrino oscillations. | 2011/02/13 | [
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/5118",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/users/1228/"
] | Because neutrinos were still widely considered massless at the time "The Standard Model" was formulated.
One could argue that we're on StandardModel v2.3ish at this point and that the up-to-date release includes massive, mixing neutrinos, but that just leads to a confusion of terminology. | Because there are different extensions you can use to give mass to the neutrinos. You can put mass only in left neutrinos, or you can add right neutrinos, and it is even unclear how many species to add. Of course, a GUT-like neutrino, as in SO(10) etc, seems preferable, but it is not the only option. |
27,012,065 | 
I want to design Circle Progress like above image.
**Even names and percentage Has to shown inside circle.**
Please suggest me any library or method to do so. | 2014/11/19 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/27012065",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/3879847/"
] | finally I found the solution from here,
<https://github.com/ylyc/circular_progress_bar>.
It works fine. thanks to all.. | I don't know about any library that will do this for you, but I would just use the [Path class](http://developer.android.com/reference/android/graphics/Path.html) for the circular view and plain TextViews for the percentages. |
27,012,065 | 
I want to design Circle Progress like above image.
**Even names and percentage Has to shown inside circle.**
Please suggest me any library or method to do so. | 2014/11/19 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/27012065",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/3879847/"
] | finally I found the solution from here,
<https://github.com/ylyc/circular_progress_bar>.
It works fine. thanks to all.. | Write a custom view which would [draw an Arc](http://developer.android.com/reference/android/graphics/Canvas.html#drawArc(float,%20float,%20float,%20float,%20float,%20float,%20boolean,%20android.graphics.Paint)) in the onDraw method. |
27,012,065 | 
I want to design Circle Progress like above image.
**Even names and percentage Has to shown inside circle.**
Please suggest me any library or method to do so. | 2014/11/19 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/27012065",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/3879847/"
] | finally I found the solution from here,
<https://github.com/ylyc/circular_progress_bar>.
It works fine. thanks to all.. | Refer this below link for clean master app kind of progress bar.[Click here](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/27213381/create-circular-progress-bar) |
152,228 | I need to explain that a boy cannot identify daily routine stuff such as cups, cars, or plates. I need a single word which I can put which signifies these items. | 2014/02/15 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/152228",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/65985/"
] | Perhaps appurtenances? (Or maybe sundries?) | So this boy has trouble recognizing the [mundanities](http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/mundanity) of ordinary life?
Or a little more specifically, the [mundane](http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/mundane) objects he encounters every day? |
152,228 | I need to explain that a boy cannot identify daily routine stuff such as cups, cars, or plates. I need a single word which I can put which signifies these items. | 2014/02/15 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/152228",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/65985/"
] | They're [***everyday***](http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/everyday) objects/things (encountered or used routinely or typically).
I do not think there is a single everyday word for them. You'll just have to follow *everyday* with something like *items, articles* etc.
---
Entering into the spirit of things on the "long/unusual words" front, I suppose it's reasonable to assume that if OP's subject suffers from extreme [associative agnosia](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnosia), he might perhaps lead quite a restricted life, largely managed by "carers". In which case the carers might refer collectively to all the "things" he interacts with every day as his...
>
> [*paraphernalia*](http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/paraphernalia) *- miscellaneous articles, especially the equipment needed for a particular activity*
>
>
>
(The "particular activity" in this case being essentially "living as normal a life as possible".) | Perhaps appurtenances? (Or maybe sundries?) |
152,228 | I need to explain that a boy cannot identify daily routine stuff such as cups, cars, or plates. I need a single word which I can put which signifies these items. | 2014/02/15 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/152228",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/65985/"
] | Perhaps appurtenances? (Or maybe sundries?) | Seems like 'stuff' works as well as any of the others mentioned. With the added benefit of having only one syllable. If we're dealing with a challenged individual, then it's best to use easily-digested words.
You wouldn't tell your dog to 'ensconce' when you would have him 'sit', for example. |
152,228 | I need to explain that a boy cannot identify daily routine stuff such as cups, cars, or plates. I need a single word which I can put which signifies these items. | 2014/02/15 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/152228",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/65985/"
] | They're [***everyday***](http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/everyday) objects/things (encountered or used routinely or typically).
I do not think there is a single everyday word for them. You'll just have to follow *everyday* with something like *items, articles* etc.
---
Entering into the spirit of things on the "long/unusual words" front, I suppose it's reasonable to assume that if OP's subject suffers from extreme [associative agnosia](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnosia), he might perhaps lead quite a restricted life, largely managed by "carers". In which case the carers might refer collectively to all the "things" he interacts with every day as his...
>
> [*paraphernalia*](http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/paraphernalia) *- miscellaneous articles, especially the equipment needed for a particular activity*
>
>
>
(The "particular activity" in this case being essentially "living as normal a life as possible".) | So this boy has trouble recognizing the [mundanities](http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/mundanity) of ordinary life?
Or a little more specifically, the [mundane](http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/mundane) objects he encounters every day? |
152,228 | I need to explain that a boy cannot identify daily routine stuff such as cups, cars, or plates. I need a single word which I can put which signifies these items. | 2014/02/15 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/152228",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/65985/"
] | Perhaps **[quotidian](http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/quotidian?q=quotidian)**
>
> ordinary or everyday, especially when mundane
>
>
> | So this boy has trouble recognizing the [mundanities](http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/mundanity) of ordinary life?
Or a little more specifically, the [mundane](http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/mundane) objects he encounters every day? |
152,228 | I need to explain that a boy cannot identify daily routine stuff such as cups, cars, or plates. I need a single word which I can put which signifies these items. | 2014/02/15 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/152228",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/65985/"
] | They're [***everyday***](http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/everyday) objects/things (encountered or used routinely or typically).
I do not think there is a single everyday word for them. You'll just have to follow *everyday* with something like *items, articles* etc.
---
Entering into the spirit of things on the "long/unusual words" front, I suppose it's reasonable to assume that if OP's subject suffers from extreme [associative agnosia](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnosia), he might perhaps lead quite a restricted life, largely managed by "carers". In which case the carers might refer collectively to all the "things" he interacts with every day as his...
>
> [*paraphernalia*](http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/paraphernalia) *- miscellaneous articles, especially the equipment needed for a particular activity*
>
>
>
(The "particular activity" in this case being essentially "living as normal a life as possible".) | Perhaps **[quotidian](http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/quotidian?q=quotidian)**
>
> ordinary or everyday, especially when mundane
>
>
> |
152,228 | I need to explain that a boy cannot identify daily routine stuff such as cups, cars, or plates. I need a single word which I can put which signifies these items. | 2014/02/15 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/152228",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/65985/"
] | They're [***everyday***](http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/everyday) objects/things (encountered or used routinely or typically).
I do not think there is a single everyday word for them. You'll just have to follow *everyday* with something like *items, articles* etc.
---
Entering into the spirit of things on the "long/unusual words" front, I suppose it's reasonable to assume that if OP's subject suffers from extreme [associative agnosia](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnosia), he might perhaps lead quite a restricted life, largely managed by "carers". In which case the carers might refer collectively to all the "things" he interacts with every day as his...
>
> [*paraphernalia*](http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/paraphernalia) *- miscellaneous articles, especially the equipment needed for a particular activity*
>
>
>
(The "particular activity" in this case being essentially "living as normal a life as possible".) | Seems like 'stuff' works as well as any of the others mentioned. With the added benefit of having only one syllable. If we're dealing with a challenged individual, then it's best to use easily-digested words.
You wouldn't tell your dog to 'ensconce' when you would have him 'sit', for example. |
152,228 | I need to explain that a boy cannot identify daily routine stuff such as cups, cars, or plates. I need a single word which I can put which signifies these items. | 2014/02/15 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/152228",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/65985/"
] | Perhaps **[quotidian](http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/quotidian?q=quotidian)**
>
> ordinary or everyday, especially when mundane
>
>
> | Seems like 'stuff' works as well as any of the others mentioned. With the added benefit of having only one syllable. If we're dealing with a challenged individual, then it's best to use easily-digested words.
You wouldn't tell your dog to 'ensconce' when you would have him 'sit', for example. |
4,607,587 | I would like to know the difference between the 2 methods in terms of how dependencies are handled, ease of use and configurability. | 2011/01/05 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/4607587",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/446453/"
] | They are equivalent, the difference being that `except` is ANSI compliant. | Here is a good link for you:
[SQL MINUS or EXCEPT Operator](http://www.coderecipes.net/sql-minus-except-operator-tutorial.aspx) |
205,360 | I knew that he was a dentist in the movies, and I've read the books, but apparently, he either has a different job, or it's called different in the book... I want to know what this is, any answers die-hard HP fans? | 2019/02/15 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/205360",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/111755/"
] | In the first book, Hermione replies that her parents are dentists when Ron suggests she ask them about Flamel:
>
> "Very safe, as they're both dentists"
>
>
>
In Goblet of Fire, Hermione mentions again that her parents are dentists:
>
> "Mum and Dad won't be too pleased. I've been trying to persuade them to let me shrink them for ages, but they wanted me to carry on with my braces. You know, they're dentists, they just don't think teeth and magic should —"
>
>
> | Hermione's parents are both dentists.
=====================================
Unlike you, I haven't seen the movies but can confirm this for the books.
From [the character's wikipedia page](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermione_Granger):
>
> Rowling adds that Hermione's parents, two Muggle dentists, are a bit bemused by their odd daughter but "very proud of her all the same."
>
>
>
From [Pottermore](https://www.pottermore.com/explore-the-story/hermione-granger):
>
> PARENTS
> Mr and Mrs Granger, both Muggles, both dentists
>
>
> |
205,360 | I knew that he was a dentist in the movies, and I've read the books, but apparently, he either has a different job, or it's called different in the book... I want to know what this is, any answers die-hard HP fans? | 2019/02/15 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/205360",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/111755/"
] | Hermione's parents are both dentists.
=====================================
Unlike you, I haven't seen the movies but can confirm this for the books.
From [the character's wikipedia page](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermione_Granger):
>
> Rowling adds that Hermione's parents, two Muggle dentists, are a bit bemused by their odd daughter but "very proud of her all the same."
>
>
>
From [Pottermore](https://www.pottermore.com/explore-the-story/hermione-granger):
>
> PARENTS
> Mr and Mrs Granger, both Muggles, both dentists
>
>
> | He’s a dentist in both the US and UK editions.
==============================================
In both of the most common English-language versions of the Harry Potter series, both of Hermione’s parents are dentists - they never have a different job or a job called by a different name in either version. In the original British version, her parents are both dentists, which remains consistent throughout the books.
>
> “Hedwig had returned from Hermione’s house with a large box stuffed full of sugar-free snacks (Hermione’s parents were dentists).”
> *- Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, Chapter 3 (The Invitation) (British version)*
>
>
>
This is stated early on in the series. In the first book, Hermione mentions her parents are both dentists.
>
> “And you could ask your parents if they know who Flamel is,” said Ron. “It’d be safe to ask them.”
>
>
> “Very safe, as they’re both dentists,” said Hermione.
> *- Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone, Chapter 12 (The Mirror of Erised) (American version)*
>
>
>
In the US version as well, which makes certain changes to the words used and spelling to be better be understood by an American audience, Hermione’s parents are still dentists, and the term for their job is unchanged.
>
> “Hedwig had returned from Hermione’s house with a large box stuffed full of sugar-free snacks. (Hermione’s parents were dentists.)”
> *- Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, Chapter 3 (The Invitation) (American version)*
>
>
>
The quotes in the British version that refer to her parents being dentists remain the same in the American versions.
>
> “And you could ask your parents if they know who Flamel is,” said Ron. “It’d be safe to ask them.”
>
>
> “Very safe, as they’re both dentists,” said Hermione.”
> *- Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone, Chapter 12 (The Mirror of Erised) (American version)*
>
>
>
There are three references to Hermione’s parents being dentists in the original British text of the series.
>
> “Mum and Dad won’t be too pleased. I’ve been trying to persuade them to let me shrink them for ages, but they wanted me to carry on with my brace. You know, they’re dentists, they just don’t think teeth and magic should – look!”
> *- Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, Chapter 23 (The Yule Ball)*
>
>
>
All three quotes referring to Hermione’s parents being dentists remain exactly the same in the American version.
>
> “Mum and Dad won’t be too pleased. I’ve been trying to persuade them to let me shrink them for ages, but they wanted me to carry on with my braces. You know, they’re dentists, they just don’t think teeth and magic should — look!”
> *- Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, Chapter 23 (The Yule Ball)*
>
>
>
Therefore, both of Hermione’s parents are, and consistently have been, dentists throughout the Harry Potter series, in both common English versions of the books. |
205,360 | I knew that he was a dentist in the movies, and I've read the books, but apparently, he either has a different job, or it's called different in the book... I want to know what this is, any answers die-hard HP fans? | 2019/02/15 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/205360",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/111755/"
] | In the first book, Hermione replies that her parents are dentists when Ron suggests she ask them about Flamel:
>
> "Very safe, as they're both dentists"
>
>
>
In Goblet of Fire, Hermione mentions again that her parents are dentists:
>
> "Mum and Dad won't be too pleased. I've been trying to persuade them to let me shrink them for ages, but they wanted me to carry on with my braces. You know, they're dentists, they just don't think teeth and magic should —"
>
>
> | He’s a dentist in both the US and UK editions.
==============================================
In both of the most common English-language versions of the Harry Potter series, both of Hermione’s parents are dentists - they never have a different job or a job called by a different name in either version. In the original British version, her parents are both dentists, which remains consistent throughout the books.
>
> “Hedwig had returned from Hermione’s house with a large box stuffed full of sugar-free snacks (Hermione’s parents were dentists).”
> *- Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, Chapter 3 (The Invitation) (British version)*
>
>
>
This is stated early on in the series. In the first book, Hermione mentions her parents are both dentists.
>
> “And you could ask your parents if they know who Flamel is,” said Ron. “It’d be safe to ask them.”
>
>
> “Very safe, as they’re both dentists,” said Hermione.
> *- Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone, Chapter 12 (The Mirror of Erised) (American version)*
>
>
>
In the US version as well, which makes certain changes to the words used and spelling to be better be understood by an American audience, Hermione’s parents are still dentists, and the term for their job is unchanged.
>
> “Hedwig had returned from Hermione’s house with a large box stuffed full of sugar-free snacks. (Hermione’s parents were dentists.)”
> *- Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, Chapter 3 (The Invitation) (American version)*
>
>
>
The quotes in the British version that refer to her parents being dentists remain the same in the American versions.
>
> “And you could ask your parents if they know who Flamel is,” said Ron. “It’d be safe to ask them.”
>
>
> “Very safe, as they’re both dentists,” said Hermione.”
> *- Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone, Chapter 12 (The Mirror of Erised) (American version)*
>
>
>
There are three references to Hermione’s parents being dentists in the original British text of the series.
>
> “Mum and Dad won’t be too pleased. I’ve been trying to persuade them to let me shrink them for ages, but they wanted me to carry on with my brace. You know, they’re dentists, they just don’t think teeth and magic should – look!”
> *- Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, Chapter 23 (The Yule Ball)*
>
>
>
All three quotes referring to Hermione’s parents being dentists remain exactly the same in the American version.
>
> “Mum and Dad won’t be too pleased. I’ve been trying to persuade them to let me shrink them for ages, but they wanted me to carry on with my braces. You know, they’re dentists, they just don’t think teeth and magic should — look!”
> *- Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, Chapter 23 (The Yule Ball)*
>
>
>
Therefore, both of Hermione’s parents are, and consistently have been, dentists throughout the Harry Potter series, in both common English versions of the books. |
7,179 | I've heard that leaving a pin floating on an MCU when configured as an input (vs. the default output) is bad for the pin, and can eventually cause it to fail prematurely. Is this true? N.B. in my instance the pin is floating somewhere between 0.3V and 1.3V due to an incoming video signal. This sometimes falls in the no man's zone of 0.8V - 2.0V when operating from 3.3V. | 2010/11/26 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/7179",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/1225/"
] | It's a little worse than just being in an unknown state, or toggling needlessly. Digital circuits nowadays are mostly of CMOS type, with transistors switching both high and low sides; when we have clear 1s and 0s, they are either off or saturated, the two most efficient states for the transistors to be in. In between, however, is a region of linear operation; it's used for analog amplifiers, but it is not as efficient as the extremes - meaning more power is wasted as heat in the transistor. In the worst case, both the high and low side transistors leak thus (because the pin is in fact neither high nor low), and they can then combine to cause a notable current within the chip as they try to drive the internal state both high and low - possibly doing the same to the next gate in a chain reaction. The heat could become a problem even if the power isn't. IntelliChick's solutions still apply.
For pins also connected to ADCs, some microcontrollers offer the function to disable the digital input buffer, to prevent both this problem and leakage distorting the signal. | The input will toggle between 0 and 1 based on any EMI. I'm not sure if it will cause the input to fail, but it will cause more power to be used because the transitions from 0 to 1 to 0.
Set it to an output and be done with it. |
7,179 | I've heard that leaving a pin floating on an MCU when configured as an input (vs. the default output) is bad for the pin, and can eventually cause it to fail prematurely. Is this true? N.B. in my instance the pin is floating somewhere between 0.3V and 1.3V due to an incoming video signal. This sometimes falls in the no man's zone of 0.8V - 2.0V when operating from 3.3V. | 2010/11/26 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/7179",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/1225/"
] | **Problem:**
Leaving a pin configured as an input floating is dangerous simply because you cannot be sure of the state of the pin. Like you mentioned, because of your circuit, your pin was sometimes LOW or sometimes in no-man's land or could sometimes go to HIGH.
**Result:**
Essentially, the floating input WILL definitely cause erratic chip operation or unpredictable behaviour. I have noticed some chips froze by simply moving my hand closer to the board (I wasn't wearing a ESD wrist band) or some would have different startup behaviour each time the board would powerup.
**Why:**
This happens simply because if there is external noise on that pin, the pin would oscillate, which would drain power as CMOS logic gates drain power when they switch states.
**Solution:**
Most micros nowdays have internal pullups as well, so that could prevent this behaviour from occuring.
Another option would be to configure the pin as an output so it does not affect the internals. | The input will toggle between 0 and 1 based on any EMI. I'm not sure if it will cause the input to fail, but it will cause more power to be used because the transitions from 0 to 1 to 0.
Set it to an output and be done with it. |
7,179 | I've heard that leaving a pin floating on an MCU when configured as an input (vs. the default output) is bad for the pin, and can eventually cause it to fail prematurely. Is this true? N.B. in my instance the pin is floating somewhere between 0.3V and 1.3V due to an incoming video signal. This sometimes falls in the no man's zone of 0.8V - 2.0V when operating from 3.3V. | 2010/11/26 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/7179",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/1225/"
] | In practice the main effect is increased power consumption. If a pin is actually floating as opposed to connected to some indeterminate voltage source, it is possible for oscillation to occur, which as well as increasing power draw may introduce noise into other parts of the system.
Any pin which has the ability to be used for an ADC or comparator input will have the facility to disconnect the digital input buffer to avoid this problem. (DIDR on AVR, ADCON1/ANSEL on PIC) | The input will toggle between 0 and 1 based on any EMI. I'm not sure if it will cause the input to fail, but it will cause more power to be used because the transitions from 0 to 1 to 0.
Set it to an output and be done with it. |
7,179 | I've heard that leaving a pin floating on an MCU when configured as an input (vs. the default output) is bad for the pin, and can eventually cause it to fail prematurely. Is this true? N.B. in my instance the pin is floating somewhere between 0.3V and 1.3V due to an incoming video signal. This sometimes falls in the no man's zone of 0.8V - 2.0V when operating from 3.3V. | 2010/11/26 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/7179",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/1225/"
] | **Problem:**
Leaving a pin configured as an input floating is dangerous simply because you cannot be sure of the state of the pin. Like you mentioned, because of your circuit, your pin was sometimes LOW or sometimes in no-man's land or could sometimes go to HIGH.
**Result:**
Essentially, the floating input WILL definitely cause erratic chip operation or unpredictable behaviour. I have noticed some chips froze by simply moving my hand closer to the board (I wasn't wearing a ESD wrist band) or some would have different startup behaviour each time the board would powerup.
**Why:**
This happens simply because if there is external noise on that pin, the pin would oscillate, which would drain power as CMOS logic gates drain power when they switch states.
**Solution:**
Most micros nowdays have internal pullups as well, so that could prevent this behaviour from occuring.
Another option would be to configure the pin as an output so it does not affect the internals. | Some high-speed CMOS devices may be destroyed if an input is left floating, but the most common problem one will observe is increased current consumption. On PIC series microcontrollers, the extra current is on the order of hundreds of microamps per floating pin. Not enough to cause device damage, but enough to severely impact battery life in an application that would otherwise draw 5uA. Some chips have options to disable a digital input; if an input is disabled, it may freely be left floating. |
7,179 | I've heard that leaving a pin floating on an MCU when configured as an input (vs. the default output) is bad for the pin, and can eventually cause it to fail prematurely. Is this true? N.B. in my instance the pin is floating somewhere between 0.3V and 1.3V due to an incoming video signal. This sometimes falls in the no man's zone of 0.8V - 2.0V when operating from 3.3V. | 2010/11/26 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/7179",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/1225/"
] | It's a little worse than just being in an unknown state, or toggling needlessly. Digital circuits nowadays are mostly of CMOS type, with transistors switching both high and low sides; when we have clear 1s and 0s, they are either off or saturated, the two most efficient states for the transistors to be in. In between, however, is a region of linear operation; it's used for analog amplifiers, but it is not as efficient as the extremes - meaning more power is wasted as heat in the transistor. In the worst case, both the high and low side transistors leak thus (because the pin is in fact neither high nor low), and they can then combine to cause a notable current within the chip as they try to drive the internal state both high and low - possibly doing the same to the next gate in a chain reaction. The heat could become a problem even if the power isn't. IntelliChick's solutions still apply.
For pins also connected to ADCs, some microcontrollers offer the function to disable the digital input buffer, to prevent both this problem and leakage distorting the signal. | In practice the main effect is increased power consumption. If a pin is actually floating as opposed to connected to some indeterminate voltage source, it is possible for oscillation to occur, which as well as increasing power draw may introduce noise into other parts of the system.
Any pin which has the ability to be used for an ADC or comparator input will have the facility to disconnect the digital input buffer to avoid this problem. (DIDR on AVR, ADCON1/ANSEL on PIC) |
7,179 | I've heard that leaving a pin floating on an MCU when configured as an input (vs. the default output) is bad for the pin, and can eventually cause it to fail prematurely. Is this true? N.B. in my instance the pin is floating somewhere between 0.3V and 1.3V due to an incoming video signal. This sometimes falls in the no man's zone of 0.8V - 2.0V when operating from 3.3V. | 2010/11/26 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/7179",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/1225/"
] | **Problem:**
Leaving a pin configured as an input floating is dangerous simply because you cannot be sure of the state of the pin. Like you mentioned, because of your circuit, your pin was sometimes LOW or sometimes in no-man's land or could sometimes go to HIGH.
**Result:**
Essentially, the floating input WILL definitely cause erratic chip operation or unpredictable behaviour. I have noticed some chips froze by simply moving my hand closer to the board (I wasn't wearing a ESD wrist band) or some would have different startup behaviour each time the board would powerup.
**Why:**
This happens simply because if there is external noise on that pin, the pin would oscillate, which would drain power as CMOS logic gates drain power when they switch states.
**Solution:**
Most micros nowdays have internal pullups as well, so that could prevent this behaviour from occuring.
Another option would be to configure the pin as an output so it does not affect the internals. | It's a little worse than just being in an unknown state, or toggling needlessly. Digital circuits nowadays are mostly of CMOS type, with transistors switching both high and low sides; when we have clear 1s and 0s, they are either off or saturated, the two most efficient states for the transistors to be in. In between, however, is a region of linear operation; it's used for analog amplifiers, but it is not as efficient as the extremes - meaning more power is wasted as heat in the transistor. In the worst case, both the high and low side transistors leak thus (because the pin is in fact neither high nor low), and they can then combine to cause a notable current within the chip as they try to drive the internal state both high and low - possibly doing the same to the next gate in a chain reaction. The heat could become a problem even if the power isn't. IntelliChick's solutions still apply.
For pins also connected to ADCs, some microcontrollers offer the function to disable the digital input buffer, to prevent both this problem and leakage distorting the signal. |
7,179 | I've heard that leaving a pin floating on an MCU when configured as an input (vs. the default output) is bad for the pin, and can eventually cause it to fail prematurely. Is this true? N.B. in my instance the pin is floating somewhere between 0.3V and 1.3V due to an incoming video signal. This sometimes falls in the no man's zone of 0.8V - 2.0V when operating from 3.3V. | 2010/11/26 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/7179",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/1225/"
] | **Problem:**
Leaving a pin configured as an input floating is dangerous simply because you cannot be sure of the state of the pin. Like you mentioned, because of your circuit, your pin was sometimes LOW or sometimes in no-man's land or could sometimes go to HIGH.
**Result:**
Essentially, the floating input WILL definitely cause erratic chip operation or unpredictable behaviour. I have noticed some chips froze by simply moving my hand closer to the board (I wasn't wearing a ESD wrist band) or some would have different startup behaviour each time the board would powerup.
**Why:**
This happens simply because if there is external noise on that pin, the pin would oscillate, which would drain power as CMOS logic gates drain power when they switch states.
**Solution:**
Most micros nowdays have internal pullups as well, so that could prevent this behaviour from occuring.
Another option would be to configure the pin as an output so it does not affect the internals. | Generally it is a bad idea to leave input pin as floating as this may cause:
a) Functional problems - unknown input state, toggling (for example may trigger interrupt with undefined ISR that would hang processor)
b) Increased power consumption - most likely the input gate is similar to CMOS inverter. With this structure when the input is far enough from either rail (for example at half supply) significant cross over current will flow constantly.
c) If the cross-over current will flow the phenomena know as [hot carrier injection](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_carrier_injection) may actually **decrease lifetime** of the device. The input gate may be designed just for normal switching not continuous conduction so device may fail catastrophically. Note however one would need place device in such condition for many hundreds of hours at elevated temperature for this to happen.
Note the a) and b) are real problems that one most likely one will encounter. As for c) it is less likely problem to happen but why take risk? |
7,179 | I've heard that leaving a pin floating on an MCU when configured as an input (vs. the default output) is bad for the pin, and can eventually cause it to fail prematurely. Is this true? N.B. in my instance the pin is floating somewhere between 0.3V and 1.3V due to an incoming video signal. This sometimes falls in the no man's zone of 0.8V - 2.0V when operating from 3.3V. | 2010/11/26 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/7179",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/1225/"
] | In practice the main effect is increased power consumption. If a pin is actually floating as opposed to connected to some indeterminate voltage source, it is possible for oscillation to occur, which as well as increasing power draw may introduce noise into other parts of the system.
Any pin which has the ability to be used for an ADC or comparator input will have the facility to disconnect the digital input buffer to avoid this problem. (DIDR on AVR, ADCON1/ANSEL on PIC) | Some high-speed CMOS devices may be destroyed if an input is left floating, but the most common problem one will observe is increased current consumption. On PIC series microcontrollers, the extra current is on the order of hundreds of microamps per floating pin. Not enough to cause device damage, but enough to severely impact battery life in an application that would otherwise draw 5uA. Some chips have options to disable a digital input; if an input is disabled, it may freely be left floating. |
7,179 | I've heard that leaving a pin floating on an MCU when configured as an input (vs. the default output) is bad for the pin, and can eventually cause it to fail prematurely. Is this true? N.B. in my instance the pin is floating somewhere between 0.3V and 1.3V due to an incoming video signal. This sometimes falls in the no man's zone of 0.8V - 2.0V when operating from 3.3V. | 2010/11/26 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/7179",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/1225/"
] | **Problem:**
Leaving a pin configured as an input floating is dangerous simply because you cannot be sure of the state of the pin. Like you mentioned, because of your circuit, your pin was sometimes LOW or sometimes in no-man's land or could sometimes go to HIGH.
**Result:**
Essentially, the floating input WILL definitely cause erratic chip operation or unpredictable behaviour. I have noticed some chips froze by simply moving my hand closer to the board (I wasn't wearing a ESD wrist band) or some would have different startup behaviour each time the board would powerup.
**Why:**
This happens simply because if there is external noise on that pin, the pin would oscillate, which would drain power as CMOS logic gates drain power when they switch states.
**Solution:**
Most micros nowdays have internal pullups as well, so that could prevent this behaviour from occuring.
Another option would be to configure the pin as an output so it does not affect the internals. | In practice the main effect is increased power consumption. If a pin is actually floating as opposed to connected to some indeterminate voltage source, it is possible for oscillation to occur, which as well as increasing power draw may introduce noise into other parts of the system.
Any pin which has the ability to be used for an ADC or comparator input will have the facility to disconnect the digital input buffer to avoid this problem. (DIDR on AVR, ADCON1/ANSEL on PIC) |
7,179 | I've heard that leaving a pin floating on an MCU when configured as an input (vs. the default output) is bad for the pin, and can eventually cause it to fail prematurely. Is this true? N.B. in my instance the pin is floating somewhere between 0.3V and 1.3V due to an incoming video signal. This sometimes falls in the no man's zone of 0.8V - 2.0V when operating from 3.3V. | 2010/11/26 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/7179",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/1225/"
] | It's a little worse than just being in an unknown state, or toggling needlessly. Digital circuits nowadays are mostly of CMOS type, with transistors switching both high and low sides; when we have clear 1s and 0s, they are either off or saturated, the two most efficient states for the transistors to be in. In between, however, is a region of linear operation; it's used for analog amplifiers, but it is not as efficient as the extremes - meaning more power is wasted as heat in the transistor. In the worst case, both the high and low side transistors leak thus (because the pin is in fact neither high nor low), and they can then combine to cause a notable current within the chip as they try to drive the internal state both high and low - possibly doing the same to the next gate in a chain reaction. The heat could become a problem even if the power isn't. IntelliChick's solutions still apply.
For pins also connected to ADCs, some microcontrollers offer the function to disable the digital input buffer, to prevent both this problem and leakage distorting the signal. | Generally it is a bad idea to leave input pin as floating as this may cause:
a) Functional problems - unknown input state, toggling (for example may trigger interrupt with undefined ISR that would hang processor)
b) Increased power consumption - most likely the input gate is similar to CMOS inverter. With this structure when the input is far enough from either rail (for example at half supply) significant cross over current will flow constantly.
c) If the cross-over current will flow the phenomena know as [hot carrier injection](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_carrier_injection) may actually **decrease lifetime** of the device. The input gate may be designed just for normal switching not continuous conduction so device may fail catastrophically. Note however one would need place device in such condition for many hundreds of hours at elevated temperature for this to happen.
Note the a) and b) are real problems that one most likely one will encounter. As for c) it is less likely problem to happen but why take risk? |
58,306 | As an EFL learner I know that the first one is second conditional and the next is third conditional. I just want to explain the meaning of the two sentences to my mother, who is learning English, so that she could get the difference just by reading to paraphrased sentences in simple English. Would you mind just paraphrasing the sentences so the difference in meanings would be understandable?
Should I tell her that in second conditional there is a possibility to buy a memory card, but in the third conditional you do not have a chance to buy it even if you have money now?
>
> 1. If I **had** money, I **would buy** an extra memory card to transfer and save data more easily.
> 2. If I **had had** money, I **would have bought** an extra memory card to transfer and save data more easily.
>
>
> | 2015/06/02 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/58306",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/5036/"
] | The primary difference is simply one of tense:
* \*If I had money . . . \* may have either non-past or past reference:
>
> NON-PAST: [I can assure you now that] if I had money **now** (or if I come into money in the near future) I would buy a card **in the present** (or near future).
>
> PAST: [I assured him then that] if I had money **then** (or if I came into money in the near future) I would buy a card **at that time** (or shortly thereafter).
>
>
>
* *If I had had money . . .* has only past reference:
>
> [I can assure you now / I assured him then that] if I had had money **then** I would have bought a card **at that time**.
>
>
>
However, these bear quite different semantic implicatures:
* The *irrealis* use of the simple past tense *had* leaves the possibility open that either you actually **do** have the money now or **did** have the money then, or might at some time subsequent to whichever time you are talking about come into possession of the money.
* The quasi-perfect construction *had had*, which imposes an exclusively past reference on the *irrealis* *had*, cannot bear that open-possibility interpretation. The past eventuality is over-and-done-with, and the *irrealis* use implies that in fact you ***did not*** have the money at that time and therefore ***could not*** buy the card at that time. | Following the guidelines of [Conditional Sentences](http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/conditional2.htm), *If I possessed the money at this present time,---* and *If I had possessed the money at the given time in the past,---*. Should you tell her about the possibilities? No, not according to sentence condition. The third condition still leaves the possibility open of buying the card in the future. An example of the chance no longer being possible, if the card was only available for a limited time, now expired, your chance to purchase would be gone. But that would be based upon outside circumstances, not sentence condition. |
48,757 | I’m afraid the quality of the television picture below isn’t very good, but can anyone identify this moth? It was one of those that invaded the pitch at the Euro Final in Paris on 10th July 2016.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/VMnPZ.jpg) | 2016/07/11 | [
"https://biology.stackexchange.com/questions/48757",
"https://biology.stackexchange.com",
"https://biology.stackexchange.com/users/22057/"
] | So factors which go into coverage in short-read sequencing (and Sanger sequencing).
* Depth is the obvious one. All else being equal you get a bang-on Poisson distribution of coverage over a genome, which is why more sequencing = more coverage.
* The human genome and transcriptome is not all equal. Illumina sequencing is ultimately (most protocols) dependent on PCR amplification which means that any factors which influence PCR-amplification ability will also effect sequencing depth. The two obvious ones in this respect are: 1) Regions of extreme GC content and 2) Regions containing secondary structures (RNA mainly).
* Alignment is the next major source of error for regions being 'dropped off' depending on how your aligner deals with multi-mapping reads. Some genomes have very young transposable elements which are highly similar to one another and very abundant. For most aligners that means that you can get either huge coverage or really small coverage depending on how the genome is assembled.
* For low-input sequencing techniques you get major sources of DNA/RNA contamination from the enzymes, reagents and preparation of the samples. This can largely be minimized by having 'clean' samples and using large amounts of input DNA/RNA.
Depending on the sequences you're studying read-depth can be the only factor you consider or if you have difficult regions or specific questions you can deal with a whole swath of problems.
So in answer to your question: yes DNA quality will directly effect coverage. Sometimes you can 'just sequence more' to get over this problem, sometimes you need to go back to the drawing board. | The largest contributor to sequencing coverage (on a Hiseq, I assume) is how many reads you get, which mostly depends on what percentage of a flow cell you give it. Obviously the rest that you mentioned contributes, and purity might be a big issue if you are looking for a subset of cells you were trying to isolate out of a larger pool, but the easiest way to get more coverage is to hog more real estate on the flow cell. |
30,486,709 | When i read about visitor pattern it says like
>
> Allows for one or more operation to be applied to a set of objects at run-time, decoupling the operations from the object structure.
>
>
>
If my assumption is correct, we will define an abstract visitor which holds methods for treating each Objects. Then concrete visitor will implement each of these methods. By this we are separating the logic of handling objects from Object class to visitor implementation.
My doubt is if we have only one visitor implementation, do we really need to use this pattern? can't we just place the implementation in each Object class and call it directly? Please correct me if i miss something in between. | 2015/05/27 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/30486709",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/4815218/"
] | I disagree.
It's not always possible or desirable to put the logic inside the object rather than putting it inside a visitor. For example, a persistent entity (a User, or an Order), part of the "domain" layer, doesn't necessarily have access (or shouldn't have access) to the services (part of the "service" layer) that are necessary to execute the operation: bill the order, or promote the user.
Also, just because there is only one visitor now doesn't mean that others won't appear later.
The goal of the pattern is decoupling. By putting the operation in the visited object itself, you don't have decoupling anymore.
By decoupling, you're also creating a reusable API. The developer using your classes might very well be unable to modify them, because he/she simply doesn't have the source code and thus can't change it. Yet it must be able to do something different depending on the actual concrete class of the object. Hence the visitor pattern. | Your description of the Visitor pattern says it all:
>
> Decoupling operations from the object structure
>
>
>
In a well decoupled world, you would have objects that hold data and object that operate on data. The goal of the Visitor pattern is to decouple these. It is probably not a pattern you'll will see often explicitly, however the underlying principal you'll see everywhere.
By decoupling operations you use the O in SOLID ([Open/Closed Principle](http://www.objectmentor.com/resources/articles/ocp.pdf)) which states that you can change its behaviour without changing the source code. Because if you would like to have new/remove/change operations on your object, you just add/remove/change a visitor of this object instead of the object itself. |
30,486,709 | When i read about visitor pattern it says like
>
> Allows for one or more operation to be applied to a set of objects at run-time, decoupling the operations from the object structure.
>
>
>
If my assumption is correct, we will define an abstract visitor which holds methods for treating each Objects. Then concrete visitor will implement each of these methods. By this we are separating the logic of handling objects from Object class to visitor implementation.
My doubt is if we have only one visitor implementation, do we really need to use this pattern? can't we just place the implementation in each Object class and call it directly? Please correct me if i miss something in between. | 2015/05/27 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/30486709",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/4815218/"
] | Actually you **never really *need to use*** this pattern or any other pattern. If you are using patterns is because you are making a design choice based on your context.
Several items of the pattern documentation are aimed to help you make and informed decision about using the pattern or not. In particular, check these sections:
* Intent: A description of the goal behind the pattern and the reason for using it.
* Motivation (Forces): A scenario consisting of a problem and a context in which this pattern can be used.
* Applicability: Situations in which this pattern is usable; the context for the pattern.
* Consequences: A description of the results, side effects, and trade offs caused by using the pattern.
**If you are in a context when you benefit from decoupling operations from the object structure**, may be because in the future there will be new operations to apply to those objects, **the pattern will improve your design**. If you are in a context of a small program with a limited life span the pattern could be an overhead.
So read again the pattern documentation, check your software context and make and informed decision about using it or not. | I disagree.
It's not always possible or desirable to put the logic inside the object rather than putting it inside a visitor. For example, a persistent entity (a User, or an Order), part of the "domain" layer, doesn't necessarily have access (or shouldn't have access) to the services (part of the "service" layer) that are necessary to execute the operation: bill the order, or promote the user.
Also, just because there is only one visitor now doesn't mean that others won't appear later.
The goal of the pattern is decoupling. By putting the operation in the visited object itself, you don't have decoupling anymore.
By decoupling, you're also creating a reusable API. The developer using your classes might very well be unable to modify them, because he/she simply doesn't have the source code and thus can't change it. Yet it must be able to do something different depending on the actual concrete class of the object. Hence the visitor pattern. |
30,486,709 | When i read about visitor pattern it says like
>
> Allows for one or more operation to be applied to a set of objects at run-time, decoupling the operations from the object structure.
>
>
>
If my assumption is correct, we will define an abstract visitor which holds methods for treating each Objects. Then concrete visitor will implement each of these methods. By this we are separating the logic of handling objects from Object class to visitor implementation.
My doubt is if we have only one visitor implementation, do we really need to use this pattern? can't we just place the implementation in each Object class and call it directly? Please correct me if i miss something in between. | 2015/05/27 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/30486709",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/4815218/"
] | Actually you **never really *need to use*** this pattern or any other pattern. If you are using patterns is because you are making a design choice based on your context.
Several items of the pattern documentation are aimed to help you make and informed decision about using the pattern or not. In particular, check these sections:
* Intent: A description of the goal behind the pattern and the reason for using it.
* Motivation (Forces): A scenario consisting of a problem and a context in which this pattern can be used.
* Applicability: Situations in which this pattern is usable; the context for the pattern.
* Consequences: A description of the results, side effects, and trade offs caused by using the pattern.
**If you are in a context when you benefit from decoupling operations from the object structure**, may be because in the future there will be new operations to apply to those objects, **the pattern will improve your design**. If you are in a context of a small program with a limited life span the pattern could be an overhead.
So read again the pattern documentation, check your software context and make and informed decision about using it or not. | Your description of the Visitor pattern says it all:
>
> Decoupling operations from the object structure
>
>
>
In a well decoupled world, you would have objects that hold data and object that operate on data. The goal of the Visitor pattern is to decouple these. It is probably not a pattern you'll will see often explicitly, however the underlying principal you'll see everywhere.
By decoupling operations you use the O in SOLID ([Open/Closed Principle](http://www.objectmentor.com/resources/articles/ocp.pdf)) which states that you can change its behaviour without changing the source code. Because if you would like to have new/remove/change operations on your object, you just add/remove/change a visitor of this object instead of the object itself. |
68,020 | Why two connected 1.5 volt battery become 3 volts?
If one battery plus side is connect to minus side of another battery, there should be a current flow between them until no free charge move anymore, then the final state of these two side is 0 volt.
So, the total voltage of the two connected batteries should be still 1.5 volts.
This is wrong, but I can't think out why. | 2013/06/14 | [
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/68020",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/users/25793/"
] | I apparently cannot post images, so I apologize but you'll have to open this link in a new window to see my atrocious diagrams :) **Diagrams ->** [http://i.imgur.com/Lxfu1e2.png](https://i.imgur.com/Lxfu1e2.png)
**EDIT:** Here are the diagrams, sorry about my lack of artistic skills, haha.
**Voltage is an electrical potential difference**, which is essentially a force caused by electrons wanting to evenly distribute in a material since the electrons repel each other. Olin Lathrop is using the common analogy between fluid and electric systems, which is why he calls it a "pressure", because pressure is a type of fluid force, but for this example it might be easier to understand if I keep it in electrical terms.
So the batteries try to maintain a voltage (potential difference) of 1.5 V across the terminals. So in the first part of the diagram I threw together, node 'V0' is going to be my reference node which due to the ground symbol means it will be 0 V. So looking at node 'V1' we know that the battery will try to maintain a 1.5 V potential difference, and we know its negative terminal is 0 V, so the positive terminal, or node 'V1', must be 1.5 V. Now, looking at the second battery, the negative terminal is connected to node 'V1', and if the battery is to maintain its 1.5 V difference across terminals, we can add 1.5 V (battery) to the 1.5 V (at node 'V1') to get the voltage at node 'V2', which turns out to be 3 V, as stated in Olin Lathrop's answer.
**So why do the voltages add?** Batteries are a container of voltage or electrical potential difference, and the potential force is created by a electron rich side separated from an electron deficit side. The electrons want to disperse evenly through the battery, but cannot pass through the middle, and thus must take the long way around to get to the other side. So with two batteries, you can see that there are actually two (basically) equal forces, two sets of 1.5 V difference.
**Now to get to the heart of your question, basically why can't the middle two parts simply intermingle at node 'V1'? I'll use 3 different cases to help explain** We also need to keep in mind that positive charges aren't really there, so the last diagram is a little more accurate still, where there are simply electrons and a lack of electrons (the electrical potential difference).
**Case 1: Assume that the batteries are connected via node 'V1', but not from 'V0' to 'V2'.** If we try to imagine moving electrons from the left battery to the right battery via node 'V1', we are actually pushing electrons CLOSER TOGETHER. We know that electrons repel each other so they don't like to do that. If we magically could though, we would be increasing the electrical potential difference, or voltage, in the right battery and decreasing it in the left. (But the total system would maintain the same total voltage, since we did nothing to the system except move electrons around.) So instead of the electrons forcing their way closer to more electrons, they just sit there and do nothing.
**Case 2: The outer terminals, nodes 'V0' and 'V2', are connected but the inner two are not connected.** If we push electrons from 'V0' through the circuit to node 'V2', we end up in the same situation as case 1, trying to push electrons into more electrons! This is why electrons don't want to flow if there is not a closed loop, because they'll just end up running into electrons that aren't moving somewhere else.
**Case 3: Both sets of terminals are connected, (if there's a closed loop for the electrons to flow through).** At the instant that we make a loop for the electrons to travel through, a few things are happening with these forces simultaneously. Remember those electrons that want to flow through node 'V1' but can't because there are too many electrons at node 'V0'? And now, remember the electrons that want to flow from node 'V0' through the circuit to node 'V2' but can't because there are too many electrons at node 'V1'? Well we get a situation where they can work together to solve each other's problems! Imagine we pull an electron from node 'V0', to node 'V2', and as that electron gets close to 'V2', we move another electron at 'V1' from the left battery to the electron depleted area in the right battery. If we do them simultaneously, there is an electron coming and going from both places that were previously causing an electron road-block! So as electrons flow from 'V0' to 'V2' there will simultaneously be electrons flowing through node 'V1'. And now we have two sets of electrons flowing with two 1.5 V potential differences in a row, which is why we get the 3 V potential difference!
**Reality Check:** There are some differences with reality though. For example, as batteries are used, they will decrease in voltage. Since the electrons are trying to evenly distribute, the electrical potential difference will decrease as well. Also, the barriers between the electron rich and electron deficit areas of the battery aren't perfect. All batteries have a self-discharge rate, which is effectively the electrons making it from one side of the battery to the other, it's just generally so small in comparison to the amount of electrons that we can actually use, that we ignore it. Internal resistance is also mentioned above, another slight deviation from the theoretical operation of batteries. But you can learn about all that stuff as you feel ready.
**I hope this helps, and if I made any mistakes, please let me know! :)** | What you are describing is called a *series* connection. Think of the batteries as pumps, with each pump generating 1.5 PSI. If you connect the outflow of one pump to the inflow of another, then overall the two pumps are going to generate 3.0 PSI.
Note that the current capability is *not* doubled. If the two pumps are each rated for 1 gallon/minute, then the resulting 3 PSI pump can still only do 1 gallon/minute. Note also that each pump is still doing just what it is rated for, which is 1.5 PSI at 1 gallon/minute in this example.
Batteries work the same way, except that electrical "pressure" is expressed in Volts and electrical flow in Amperes (Coulombs/second). Two 1.5 V 1 A batteries connected in series (end to end) make a overall 3.0 V 1 A battery. If the batteries were connected in parallel (both + ends together and both - ends together), then you'd have a overall battery that can do 1.5 V at 2 A. |
65,069 | The administrator account can be renamed which means the hacker needs to figure out two pieces of information : the user name and the password while there is always one root account in Linux named root | 2014/08/10 | [
"https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/65069",
"https://security.stackexchange.com",
"https://security.stackexchange.com/users/31356/"
] | Security through obscurity (like "hidding" the administrator's account under another name) at most could delay a few minutes any attack, but does not increase your real level of security at all.
Root accounts usually cannot log in remotely and in most cases their password are disabled by default, so any attack using "root" as username will not succeed on such machines. On the other hand, I have seen plenty of Windows machines that will gladly disclose all the local accounts upon request, letting the attacker know the new administrator's name in no time. | Many flavors of linux (e.g., ubuntu) by default disable password login to the root account, but let the primary account elevate to root permissions by prefixing commands with `sudo` and entering that account's password.
<https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RootSudo> |
925,955 | Microsoft has just launched a new search engine, Bing, "Bing Is Not Google".
Does this service have an API? | 2009/05/29 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/925955",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/224/"
] | Read this Bing API, Version 2.0 - <http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd251056.aspx> | according to this
<http://dev.live.com/blogs/livesearch/archive/2009/05/28/494.aspx> you use the Live API
you get a link to this : it looks like changes to the Live API - "Silk Road" aka live search 2.0 <http://search.live.com/developers>
[MSDN LowBand Link to the API](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd251056.aspx) |
3,676 | Personally, I think that too many people overcall. Meaning that we need a penalty double for it in bridge. But the modern fashion seems to be for "negative doubles" over overcalls. These seem to mean, "I don't like your suit, and I don't want to defend the opponents' suit, therefore I'm strong in the remaining two suits. At least relative to my 8-10 points. Meaning that it largely precludes the penalty double.
With some reluctance (and with certain partners), I used a double that means, I like the "remaining" major suit(s). (I hate minors.) It could be either negative or penalty, depending on the circumstances. Some examples:
1 Club (You) 1 Diamond (Opponent) Double (me). I like one, possibly both majors. Negative.
1 Heart (You) 2 Clubs (Opponent) Double (me). I wanted to bid one spade, but 2 clubs shut me out. Negative.
1 Heart (You) 1 Spade (Opponent) Double (me). I like one of the majors (and not yours, because I didn't raise, with Qxx or better). Penalty. (I have AKxxx or QjTxx and hope you'll pass me out.)
Should I stick to penalty doubles? Are negative doubles so compelling that I have to "switch?" Or is it possible to use a "blend" strategy like the one above? | 2011/06/05 | [
"https://boardgames.stackexchange.com/questions/3676",
"https://boardgames.stackexchange.com",
"https://boardgames.stackexchange.com/users/1344/"
] | The short answer is - use whatever your partner and you are comfortable with using.
The long answer is - the penalty double at the one or two levels rarely works out the way you think. Either their partner will switch to a different suit (where you may not want to double for penalties again), they will SOS redouble for takeout (again to a suit that you may not want to double), or they will play in the doubled contract. You'll find they'll make this contract a maddening percentage of the time, or only be off one. The times that you have the strength to set them a large number at such a small contract, you could have bid game or slam yourself and make at least as much, if not a lot more.
This is why people really don't penalty double at the low levels anymore. In competitive auctions, it's much more useful to use the double to find a fit. | The preference for takeout doubles particularly with regard to competitive auctions like 1,2 and 3 is due to the likelihood of having either a straight out penalty hand or one that wishes to play in another suit- the latter is judged to far more likely.
You could also end up playing in no-trumps when opponents could make or just go down not enough doubled to make missing a no-trumps game worthwhile.
As dpmattingly noted its quite fine to do what you and your partner agree to- just realise the chances of missing a decent contract are quite high.
Case 3. Means you are showing one or both minors.
Note just because you play takeout doubles doesn't preclude you from penalising opponent's overcall, you might make a takeout double and partner decides to leave it in as a penalty (usually a strong hand with at least 4 cards in their suit) or your partner can do a reopening double with a good hand and usually a shortage in opponent's suit which you can pass because you wanted to penalise your opponent's overcall. I am continuing from your examples where you a responding bidder and your partner is opening. |
3,676 | Personally, I think that too many people overcall. Meaning that we need a penalty double for it in bridge. But the modern fashion seems to be for "negative doubles" over overcalls. These seem to mean, "I don't like your suit, and I don't want to defend the opponents' suit, therefore I'm strong in the remaining two suits. At least relative to my 8-10 points. Meaning that it largely precludes the penalty double.
With some reluctance (and with certain partners), I used a double that means, I like the "remaining" major suit(s). (I hate minors.) It could be either negative or penalty, depending on the circumstances. Some examples:
1 Club (You) 1 Diamond (Opponent) Double (me). I like one, possibly both majors. Negative.
1 Heart (You) 2 Clubs (Opponent) Double (me). I wanted to bid one spade, but 2 clubs shut me out. Negative.
1 Heart (You) 1 Spade (Opponent) Double (me). I like one of the majors (and not yours, because I didn't raise, with Qxx or better). Penalty. (I have AKxxx or QjTxx and hope you'll pass me out.)
Should I stick to penalty doubles? Are negative doubles so compelling that I have to "switch?" Or is it possible to use a "blend" strategy like the one above? | 2011/06/05 | [
"https://boardgames.stackexchange.com/questions/3676",
"https://boardgames.stackexchange.com",
"https://boardgames.stackexchange.com/users/1344/"
] | The short answer is - use whatever your partner and you are comfortable with using.
The long answer is - the penalty double at the one or two levels rarely works out the way you think. Either their partner will switch to a different suit (where you may not want to double for penalties again), they will SOS redouble for takeout (again to a suit that you may not want to double), or they will play in the doubled contract. You'll find they'll make this contract a maddening percentage of the time, or only be off one. The times that you have the strength to set them a large number at such a small contract, you could have bid game or slam yourself and make at least as much, if not a lot more.
This is why people really don't penalty double at the low levels anymore. In competitive auctions, it's much more useful to use the double to find a fit. | Two things not mentioned in the other (good) answers:
1. Negative doubles help you find 4-4 major suit fits and (by bidding a major when a negative double would have been available) especially "3-5" major suit fits that can be impossible to find otherwise at low level competitive auctions.
2. You don't throw penalties entirely out the window, as opener can balance with a double that responder can convert to penalty. |
49,010 | There are plenty of questions/answers discussing when/where to optionally include animation in an app. Now it comes to the point, there is almost ubiquitous animation all over media. Even a few traditionally static media like print is receiving the animation touch- think the covers of many 3D blu-ray movies have the side-to-side 3D effect.
I suppose, this question may even touch on animation between scenes in video.
This question is specific to UI on web and in mobile apps. After one answer and further thinking about the UI/UX that I'm studying, it's better to consider this from a context where **everything can be animated**. There is at least one context, that is the case of games.
So.. when is animation really not preferable? | 2013/12/12 | [
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/49010",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/users/21540/"
] | Animation in its very basic form is used to signify change. Whether that's a change in relationship between elements or the status of an element itself, doesn't matter.
However, this is when you look at animation in the context of animation vs no animation.
If you take it out of that context, animation is like color, pattern, shape, etc. It's just another tool to either bring attention to something, or the exact opposite (if everything moves, the thing that doesn't move stands out).
Point: **animation is another tool in our toolbox that we can use to draw attention to something, or draw it away from something.**
Whether that's what you want or not, depends on what you're trying to do. | If it's not adding value to the user experience then it shouldn't be there. In my opinion you only need animation for two things - to show a user where something is coming from/where it's going or to get a user's attention. I think most uses boil down to these two scenarios.
For example, in the former you're using it to inform the user that a drop-down menu is only temporarily sitting atop the current UI elements. Another example is in windows when you minimize a window to the task bar.
In the latter, you have something like a "toaster" type notification in the corner of the screen. The movement catches the user's eye and they read the notification.
Animation looks cool, but it can be cumbersome. That extra 500ms a user has to wait while you're slowly animating things can be frustrating. It's just another tool. If it's not solving an identifiable UX problem, don't use it. I know you were looking for when *not* to use it, but I think the simple rule is - don't use it unless you need it. |
49,010 | There are plenty of questions/answers discussing when/where to optionally include animation in an app. Now it comes to the point, there is almost ubiquitous animation all over media. Even a few traditionally static media like print is receiving the animation touch- think the covers of many 3D blu-ray movies have the side-to-side 3D effect.
I suppose, this question may even touch on animation between scenes in video.
This question is specific to UI on web and in mobile apps. After one answer and further thinking about the UI/UX that I'm studying, it's better to consider this from a context where **everything can be animated**. There is at least one context, that is the case of games.
So.. when is animation really not preferable? | 2013/12/12 | [
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/49010",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/users/21540/"
] | If it's not adding value to the user experience then it shouldn't be there. In my opinion you only need animation for two things - to show a user where something is coming from/where it's going or to get a user's attention. I think most uses boil down to these two scenarios.
For example, in the former you're using it to inform the user that a drop-down menu is only temporarily sitting atop the current UI elements. Another example is in windows when you minimize a window to the task bar.
In the latter, you have something like a "toaster" type notification in the corner of the screen. The movement catches the user's eye and they read the notification.
Animation looks cool, but it can be cumbersome. That extra 500ms a user has to wait while you're slowly animating things can be frustrating. It's just another tool. If it's not solving an identifiable UX problem, don't use it. I know you were looking for when *not* to use it, but I think the simple rule is - don't use it unless you need it. | I agree with Dirk and John S but would like to point out that UI design is very trend driven, and trends tend to get abused. Just because animation is popular right now doesn't mean it's good. Often animation is overused and abused, so don't just incorporate it because it's popular. Dirk is spot on saying "animation is another tool in our toolbox". |
49,010 | There are plenty of questions/answers discussing when/where to optionally include animation in an app. Now it comes to the point, there is almost ubiquitous animation all over media. Even a few traditionally static media like print is receiving the animation touch- think the covers of many 3D blu-ray movies have the side-to-side 3D effect.
I suppose, this question may even touch on animation between scenes in video.
This question is specific to UI on web and in mobile apps. After one answer and further thinking about the UI/UX that I'm studying, it's better to consider this from a context where **everything can be animated**. There is at least one context, that is the case of games.
So.. when is animation really not preferable? | 2013/12/12 | [
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/49010",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/users/21540/"
] | Animation in its very basic form is used to signify change. Whether that's a change in relationship between elements or the status of an element itself, doesn't matter.
However, this is when you look at animation in the context of animation vs no animation.
If you take it out of that context, animation is like color, pattern, shape, etc. It's just another tool to either bring attention to something, or the exact opposite (if everything moves, the thing that doesn't move stands out).
Point: **animation is another tool in our toolbox that we can use to draw attention to something, or draw it away from something.**
Whether that's what you want or not, depends on what you're trying to do. | I agree with Dirk and John S but would like to point out that UI design is very trend driven, and trends tend to get abused. Just because animation is popular right now doesn't mean it's good. Often animation is overused and abused, so don't just incorporate it because it's popular. Dirk is spot on saying "animation is another tool in our toolbox". |
49,010 | There are plenty of questions/answers discussing when/where to optionally include animation in an app. Now it comes to the point, there is almost ubiquitous animation all over media. Even a few traditionally static media like print is receiving the animation touch- think the covers of many 3D blu-ray movies have the side-to-side 3D effect.
I suppose, this question may even touch on animation between scenes in video.
This question is specific to UI on web and in mobile apps. After one answer and further thinking about the UI/UX that I'm studying, it's better to consider this from a context where **everything can be animated**. There is at least one context, that is the case of games.
So.. when is animation really not preferable? | 2013/12/12 | [
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/49010",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/users/21540/"
] | Animation in its very basic form is used to signify change. Whether that's a change in relationship between elements or the status of an element itself, doesn't matter.
However, this is when you look at animation in the context of animation vs no animation.
If you take it out of that context, animation is like color, pattern, shape, etc. It's just another tool to either bring attention to something, or the exact opposite (if everything moves, the thing that doesn't move stands out).
Point: **animation is another tool in our toolbox that we can use to draw attention to something, or draw it away from something.**
Whether that's what you want or not, depends on what you're trying to do. | When thinking about games specifically, animation is a great way to distinguish between the "thing" and "the icon representing the thing."
For example, I designed an inventory drawer where a player would pick up an object and drop it into the world (this was a flash town simulation game). In the inventory drawer it was motionless and dead. Once the object reached the world however, it would move and produce sound like it was alive.
The rule of thumb I've used for representational icons is that they can move when they're active in a world, but static when they are icons or potential choices. |
49,010 | There are plenty of questions/answers discussing when/where to optionally include animation in an app. Now it comes to the point, there is almost ubiquitous animation all over media. Even a few traditionally static media like print is receiving the animation touch- think the covers of many 3D blu-ray movies have the side-to-side 3D effect.
I suppose, this question may even touch on animation between scenes in video.
This question is specific to UI on web and in mobile apps. After one answer and further thinking about the UI/UX that I'm studying, it's better to consider this from a context where **everything can be animated**. There is at least one context, that is the case of games.
So.. when is animation really not preferable? | 2013/12/12 | [
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/49010",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/users/21540/"
] | Animation in its very basic form is used to signify change. Whether that's a change in relationship between elements or the status of an element itself, doesn't matter.
However, this is when you look at animation in the context of animation vs no animation.
If you take it out of that context, animation is like color, pattern, shape, etc. It's just another tool to either bring attention to something, or the exact opposite (if everything moves, the thing that doesn't move stands out).
Point: **animation is another tool in our toolbox that we can use to draw attention to something, or draw it away from something.**
Whether that's what you want or not, depends on what you're trying to do. | One thing nobody's mentioned so far: Our experiences with non-animated user interfaces are degenerate. *We* old-timers are the weird ones. The real world is "animated", everything constantly gives feedback by moving, and our minds were created to take advantage of that.
As we barely had the CPU cycles to reflect changes the user made in real-time in the past, we are still catching up in this regard.
When I type on my computer on my lap, it shakes slightly, and my brain corrects for it. Yet I'm subconsciously aware and will adjust it to not fall. UI cue successful, computer not in bits on the floor. If my curtain sways gently in the wind, I'm made aware that my window is still open, but my brain is set up to ignore this. If, OTOH, somebody sets up a dancing robot toy in my room that's constantly jerking about, it will annoy me.
We are constantly surrounded by millions of small "animated" cues that inform us not just of motion, progress and dangers, but also of simple status. However, the important ones tend to be larger and more obnoxious, and our brain tends to be conditioned to inform us of these and filter the others. UI design can take advantage of this, but is not always successful. |
49,010 | There are plenty of questions/answers discussing when/where to optionally include animation in an app. Now it comes to the point, there is almost ubiquitous animation all over media. Even a few traditionally static media like print is receiving the animation touch- think the covers of many 3D blu-ray movies have the side-to-side 3D effect.
I suppose, this question may even touch on animation between scenes in video.
This question is specific to UI on web and in mobile apps. After one answer and further thinking about the UI/UX that I'm studying, it's better to consider this from a context where **everything can be animated**. There is at least one context, that is the case of games.
So.. when is animation really not preferable? | 2013/12/12 | [
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/49010",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/users/21540/"
] | When thinking about games specifically, animation is a great way to distinguish between the "thing" and "the icon representing the thing."
For example, I designed an inventory drawer where a player would pick up an object and drop it into the world (this was a flash town simulation game). In the inventory drawer it was motionless and dead. Once the object reached the world however, it would move and produce sound like it was alive.
The rule of thumb I've used for representational icons is that they can move when they're active in a world, but static when they are icons or potential choices. | I agree with Dirk and John S but would like to point out that UI design is very trend driven, and trends tend to get abused. Just because animation is popular right now doesn't mean it's good. Often animation is overused and abused, so don't just incorporate it because it's popular. Dirk is spot on saying "animation is another tool in our toolbox". |
49,010 | There are plenty of questions/answers discussing when/where to optionally include animation in an app. Now it comes to the point, there is almost ubiquitous animation all over media. Even a few traditionally static media like print is receiving the animation touch- think the covers of many 3D blu-ray movies have the side-to-side 3D effect.
I suppose, this question may even touch on animation between scenes in video.
This question is specific to UI on web and in mobile apps. After one answer and further thinking about the UI/UX that I'm studying, it's better to consider this from a context where **everything can be animated**. There is at least one context, that is the case of games.
So.. when is animation really not preferable? | 2013/12/12 | [
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/49010",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/users/21540/"
] | One thing nobody's mentioned so far: Our experiences with non-animated user interfaces are degenerate. *We* old-timers are the weird ones. The real world is "animated", everything constantly gives feedback by moving, and our minds were created to take advantage of that.
As we barely had the CPU cycles to reflect changes the user made in real-time in the past, we are still catching up in this regard.
When I type on my computer on my lap, it shakes slightly, and my brain corrects for it. Yet I'm subconsciously aware and will adjust it to not fall. UI cue successful, computer not in bits on the floor. If my curtain sways gently in the wind, I'm made aware that my window is still open, but my brain is set up to ignore this. If, OTOH, somebody sets up a dancing robot toy in my room that's constantly jerking about, it will annoy me.
We are constantly surrounded by millions of small "animated" cues that inform us not just of motion, progress and dangers, but also of simple status. However, the important ones tend to be larger and more obnoxious, and our brain tends to be conditioned to inform us of these and filter the others. UI design can take advantage of this, but is not always successful. | I agree with Dirk and John S but would like to point out that UI design is very trend driven, and trends tend to get abused. Just because animation is popular right now doesn't mean it's good. Often animation is overused and abused, so don't just incorporate it because it's popular. Dirk is spot on saying "animation is another tool in our toolbox". |
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