qid int64 1 74.7M | question stringlengths 12 33.8k | date stringlengths 10 10 | metadata list | response_j stringlengths 0 115k | response_k stringlengths 2 98.3k |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
323,468 | I recently did a backup of a FAT32 disk which contained a lot of diverse data. It contains many media files, many big binary files, and as usual with FAT32, it has all kinds of odd (but potentially important) permissions for all of these different files. The whole directory of this backup weighs in at a few hundred GB. I would like to have a compressed archive of this backup, but I have a few requirements from whatever archival utility that I use:
* It needs to preserve extended attributes
* It needs to preserve timestamps
* It needs to preserve permissions
* I would like for it to preserve as much metadata as possible
I know that there are many different archiving utilities which fit at least some of my needs, but I would like to know of one which fits them all. I.e., which one can maintain the most metadata and also (preferably) has a good compression ratio for a diverse data set. | 2018/04/24 | [
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/323468",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/users/79496/"
] | For iOS 14, Go to Settings > Home Screen and for "Newly downloaded apps", select Add to Home Screen. | Do the Home Screen Layout Reset:
Settings -> General -> Reset -> Reset Home Screen Layout -> Reset Home Screen
Hope this will others also.
[Source](https://ios.gadgethacks.com/how-to/find-missing-apps-your-iphone-0184187/) |
323,468 | I recently did a backup of a FAT32 disk which contained a lot of diverse data. It contains many media files, many big binary files, and as usual with FAT32, it has all kinds of odd (but potentially important) permissions for all of these different files. The whole directory of this backup weighs in at a few hundred GB. I would like to have a compressed archive of this backup, but I have a few requirements from whatever archival utility that I use:
* It needs to preserve extended attributes
* It needs to preserve timestamps
* It needs to preserve permissions
* I would like for it to preserve as much metadata as possible
I know that there are many different archiving utilities which fit at least some of my needs, but I would like to know of one which fits them all. I.e., which one can maintain the most metadata and also (preferably) has a good compression ratio for a diverse data set. | 2018/04/24 | [
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/323468",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/users/79496/"
] | In iOS 15, there is a setting to not show newly downloaded apps in the Home Screen and instead just show them in the Apps Library.
Check in the App Library by searching for your missing app. If present you can drag it to the Home Screen. If that was the problem you can revert the setting in Settings > Home Screen & Dock. | Do the Home Screen Layout Reset:
Settings -> General -> Reset -> Reset Home Screen Layout -> Reset Home Screen
Hope this will others also.
[Source](https://ios.gadgethacks.com/how-to/find-missing-apps-your-iphone-0184187/) |
323,468 | I recently did a backup of a FAT32 disk which contained a lot of diverse data. It contains many media files, many big binary files, and as usual with FAT32, it has all kinds of odd (but potentially important) permissions for all of these different files. The whole directory of this backup weighs in at a few hundred GB. I would like to have a compressed archive of this backup, but I have a few requirements from whatever archival utility that I use:
* It needs to preserve extended attributes
* It needs to preserve timestamps
* It needs to preserve permissions
* I would like for it to preserve as much metadata as possible
I know that there are many different archiving utilities which fit at least some of my needs, but I would like to know of one which fits them all. I.e., which one can maintain the most metadata and also (preferably) has a good compression ratio for a diverse data set. | 2018/04/24 | [
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/323468",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/users/79496/"
] | For iOS 14, Go to Settings > Home Screen and for "Newly downloaded apps", select Add to Home Screen. | This happened to me and I finally found the app where I had embedded it two folders deep. Remember that home screens can have folders within folders. |
323,468 | I recently did a backup of a FAT32 disk which contained a lot of diverse data. It contains many media files, many big binary files, and as usual with FAT32, it has all kinds of odd (but potentially important) permissions for all of these different files. The whole directory of this backup weighs in at a few hundred GB. I would like to have a compressed archive of this backup, but I have a few requirements from whatever archival utility that I use:
* It needs to preserve extended attributes
* It needs to preserve timestamps
* It needs to preserve permissions
* I would like for it to preserve as much metadata as possible
I know that there are many different archiving utilities which fit at least some of my needs, but I would like to know of one which fits them all. I.e., which one can maintain the most metadata and also (preferably) has a good compression ratio for a diverse data set. | 2018/04/24 | [
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/323468",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/users/79496/"
] | In iOS 15, there is a setting to not show newly downloaded apps in the Home Screen and instead just show them in the Apps Library.
Check in the App Library by searching for your missing app. If present you can drag it to the Home Screen. If that was the problem you can revert the setting in Settings > Home Screen & Dock. | This happened to me and I finally found the app where I had embedded it two folders deep. Remember that home screens can have folders within folders. |
248 | Given the PL Theory parts of my question (but seeing it also being part of practical compiler design) Im thinking it might be a better match here than there?
<https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3616950/formally-constructing-control-flow-graph> | 2010/09/04 | [
"https://cstheory.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/248",
"https://cstheory.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://cstheory.meta.stackexchange.com/users/855/"
] | Do I need to use my real name?
------------------------------
You do not have to, but you are strongly encouraged to use your real name. We hope that this site will become a valuable resource for the research community, and that reputation earned here will translate into reputation outside as well. Using your real name will help make that connection.
We also hope that research discussions on this site will occasionally lead to actual citations in papers, or even new research ! From that perspective, using your real name will help immensely.
---
Related discussion:
[[1]](https://cstheory.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/4/on-using-actual-names)
[[2]](https://cstheory.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/187/policy-on-suspending-users) | There are too many questions on boring topic X that I don't care about. What should I do?
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tagging provides a mechanism to filter out topics that you aren't interested in, and retain topics that you are. On the right of the front page you will see two lists: interesting tags and ignored tags. If you enter tags relating to subjects you care about (and the system will auto-suggest based on what you type), then questions tagged with those tags will be highlighted in the main list.
Conversely, if you add tags for topics you don't care about, any question containing those tags will be hidden from view. If a question contains both interesting and ignored tags, it will be displayed with a faded color.
It's easy to delete tags from either list just by clicking on the little cross. |
248 | Given the PL Theory parts of my question (but seeing it also being part of practical compiler design) Im thinking it might be a better match here than there?
<https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3616950/formally-constructing-control-flow-graph> | 2010/09/04 | [
"https://cstheory.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/248",
"https://cstheory.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://cstheory.meta.stackexchange.com/users/855/"
] | Questions about Theorem X in paper Y?
-------------------------------------
It is perfectly fine to ask very specific questions like this:
>
> How does one reach eq 3.14 from eq 3.13 in paper X, page Y? I tried the following ... but it didn't work.
>
>
>
However, if you suspect that there is a *mistake* in a paper, it might be polite to first contact the authors by email before posting a question here.
---
Related discussion:
[[1]](https://cstheory.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/204/are-specific-questions-about-theorem-x-in-paper-y-fine)
[[2]](https://cstheory.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/214/should-there-be-a-protocol-to-notify-authors-if-we-find-an-error-in-a-paper) | Can I discuss questions and answers on the site?
------------------------------------------------
In addition to questions and answers, cstheory.sx supports, like other Stack Exchange sites, comments on questions and answers. This supports discussions, and is important to improving posts, challenging possible mistakes, and bringing attention to relevant resources.
Of course, discussions only work if the participants know of the comments. Besides comments appearing after the question or answer they comment on, the author of the question or answer will see that you have commented, as will anyone who you have notified by @name, where the site tries to figure out who @name might be by looking at the user names of other users who have participated in the thread. You need at least the first three characters of the user name for the site to figure out that the @nam might be about them. For more details on comment replies, see “[How do comment replies work?](https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/43019/how-do-comment-replies-work)” on meta.stackoverflow.com. |
248 | Given the PL Theory parts of my question (but seeing it also being part of practical compiler design) Im thinking it might be a better match here than there?
<https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3616950/formally-constructing-control-flow-graph> | 2010/09/04 | [
"https://cstheory.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/248",
"https://cstheory.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://cstheory.meta.stackexchange.com/users/855/"
] | What kind of questions are too basic?
-------------------------------------
Our aim is to ask and answer **research-level** questions in theoretical computer science. "Research-level" means, roughly, questions that might be discussed between two professors, or between graduate students working on Ph.D.'s, but not usually between a professor and the typical undergraduate student. *It does not include questions at the level of difficulty of undergraduate homework*. Here are some examples of questions that are off-topic because they are not research-level or because they are too easy:
* Questions that can be easily answered by reading a Wikipedia article on the topic.
* Questions that can be easily solved by Googling.
* Questions that are solved by browsing [one of these web sites](https://cstheory.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/225/official-faq-for-theoretical-computer-science/229#229).
* Typical homework problems in textbooks.
If you do not think that your question is research-level but you cannot find an answer in above options, you may want to try <https://math.stackexchange.com/>.
---
Related discussion:
[[1]](https://cstheory.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/17/scope-of-questions)
[[2]](https://cstheory.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/115/what-level-and-types-of-questions-are-appropriate-for-theoretical-computer-scienc)
[[3]](https://cstheory.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/209/homework-or-things-that-look-like-homework) | My answer turned out to be incorrect. What should I do?
-------------------------------------------------------
There is no perfect rule telling you what to do in such cases. Here are some of the options:
* Edit it to a correct answer. In this case, leaving a comment to the answer explaining the edit might be also a good idea.
* Leave it as it is after adding a clear notice that it is incorrect and an explanation of why at the beginning of the answer.
* Delete it.
The consensus seems to be that leaving only a comment about incorrectness is not sufficient because readers will not notice it until they read the comments.
An incorrect answer clearly marked as such is often informative because it shows an incorrect approach which other people may think is correct. Therefore, some people consider that we should not delete an answer just because it is incorrect.
Related discussions: [[1]](https://cstheory.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/386/policy-on-deleting-incorrect-answers) [[2]](https://cstheory.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/25/material-to-supplement-the-faq/390#390) |
248 | Given the PL Theory parts of my question (but seeing it also being part of practical compiler design) Im thinking it might be a better match here than there?
<https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3616950/formally-constructing-control-flow-graph> | 2010/09/04 | [
"https://cstheory.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/248",
"https://cstheory.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://cstheory.meta.stackexchange.com/users/855/"
] | What kind of questions are too basic?
-------------------------------------
Our aim is to ask and answer **research-level** questions in theoretical computer science. "Research-level" means, roughly, questions that might be discussed between two professors, or between graduate students working on Ph.D.'s, but not usually between a professor and the typical undergraduate student. *It does not include questions at the level of difficulty of undergraduate homework*. Here are some examples of questions that are off-topic because they are not research-level or because they are too easy:
* Questions that can be easily answered by reading a Wikipedia article on the topic.
* Questions that can be easily solved by Googling.
* Questions that are solved by browsing [one of these web sites](https://cstheory.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/225/official-faq-for-theoretical-computer-science/229#229).
* Typical homework problems in textbooks.
If you do not think that your question is research-level but you cannot find an answer in above options, you may want to try <https://math.stackexchange.com/>.
---
Related discussion:
[[1]](https://cstheory.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/17/scope-of-questions)
[[2]](https://cstheory.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/115/what-level-and-types-of-questions-are-appropriate-for-theoretical-computer-scienc)
[[3]](https://cstheory.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/209/homework-or-things-that-look-like-homework) | Questions about Theorem X in paper Y?
-------------------------------------
It is perfectly fine to ask very specific questions like this:
>
> How does one reach eq 3.14 from eq 3.13 in paper X, page Y? I tried the following ... but it didn't work.
>
>
>
However, if you suspect that there is a *mistake* in a paper, it might be polite to first contact the authors by email before posting a question here.
---
Related discussion:
[[1]](https://cstheory.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/204/are-specific-questions-about-theorem-x-in-paper-y-fine)
[[2]](https://cstheory.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/214/should-there-be-a-protocol-to-notify-authors-if-we-find-an-error-in-a-paper) |
248 | Given the PL Theory parts of my question (but seeing it also being part of practical compiler design) Im thinking it might be a better match here than there?
<https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3616950/formally-constructing-control-flow-graph> | 2010/09/04 | [
"https://cstheory.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/248",
"https://cstheory.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://cstheory.meta.stackexchange.com/users/855/"
] | What if I see a question that I think is inappropriate/off topic/offensive ?
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
*(this may need to be factored into multiple answers)*
One of the most important ways in which you can help this site flourish is by making sure that the questions listed on it reflect the true interests of the community. A general procedure to follow if you have issues with a question is:
1. If it's a matter of scope, check this FAQ entry.
2. If the question is incoherent or unclear, suggest in comments ways in which the original poster (OP) might fix it.
3. If there's a disagreement, initiate a discussion on meta. Cross link the meta discussion and the original post.
4. If you have enough reputation, you may choose to vote to close the question. In that case, please post your reason as a comment and link to a meta discussion thread.
5. If the question is offensive, or spam, you can flag it and a moderator will deal with it.
6. If you wish to bring this question to moderator attention for any other reason, flag it. | Can I discuss questions and answers on the site?
------------------------------------------------
In addition to questions and answers, cstheory.sx supports, like other Stack Exchange sites, comments on questions and answers. This supports discussions, and is important to improving posts, challenging possible mistakes, and bringing attention to relevant resources.
Of course, discussions only work if the participants know of the comments. Besides comments appearing after the question or answer they comment on, the author of the question or answer will see that you have commented, as will anyone who you have notified by @name, where the site tries to figure out who @name might be by looking at the user names of other users who have participated in the thread. You need at least the first three characters of the user name for the site to figure out that the @nam might be about them. For more details on comment replies, see “[How do comment replies work?](https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/43019/how-do-comment-replies-work)” on meta.stackoverflow.com. |
248 | Given the PL Theory parts of my question (but seeing it also being part of practical compiler design) Im thinking it might be a better match here than there?
<https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3616950/formally-constructing-control-flow-graph> | 2010/09/04 | [
"https://cstheory.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/248",
"https://cstheory.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://cstheory.meta.stackexchange.com/users/855/"
] | When should I downvote/upvote?
------------------------------
First of all, try to vote **often**. You have a budget of 30 votes per day, and it is perfectly fine to use up your daily quota.
Here are some guidelines that you can use to decide whether you should upvote, downvote, or not vote at all:
* **Upvote** only questions and answers you understand but do so whenever they are of high quality. To evaluate quality for a question think of whether it is interesting, whether it is at the appropriate level, whether it is well formulated. To evaluate quality for an answer think whether it addresses the question and whether you learned something from it. Above all, use your judgement.
* **Downvote** a question only if it is clearly not at the appropriate level or it is clearly not well formulated. Downvote an answer only if it is technically wrong, or does not address the question, or is so badly formulated that it is impossible to understand. You should leave a comment explaining why you downvoted whenever you do so, unless that would duplicate an already existing comment.
* You should **ignore a question/answer's current score** when you decide on *your* vote.
You can't upvote or downvote your own question/answer.
---
Related discussion:
[[1]](https://cstheory.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/6/vote-early-and-often)
[[2]](https://cstheory.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/25/material-to-supplement-the-faq/54#54)
[[3]](https://cstheory.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/108/ethics-of-upvoting-own-answer) | Can I discuss questions and answers on the site?
------------------------------------------------
In addition to questions and answers, cstheory.sx supports, like other Stack Exchange sites, comments on questions and answers. This supports discussions, and is important to improving posts, challenging possible mistakes, and bringing attention to relevant resources.
Of course, discussions only work if the participants know of the comments. Besides comments appearing after the question or answer they comment on, the author of the question or answer will see that you have commented, as will anyone who you have notified by @name, where the site tries to figure out who @name might be by looking at the user names of other users who have participated in the thread. You need at least the first three characters of the user name for the site to figure out that the @nam might be about them. For more details on comment replies, see “[How do comment replies work?](https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/43019/how-do-comment-replies-work)” on meta.stackoverflow.com. |
248 | Given the PL Theory parts of my question (but seeing it also being part of practical compiler design) Im thinking it might be a better match here than there?
<https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3616950/formally-constructing-control-flow-graph> | 2010/09/04 | [
"https://cstheory.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/248",
"https://cstheory.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://cstheory.meta.stackexchange.com/users/855/"
] | How do I write formulas?
------------------------
This site uses [MathJax](http://www.mathjax.org/). You can simply type (almost) any LaTeX equations between a pair of $-signs, and the system will display it properly typeset. This should work in questions, answers, and comments (with some exceptions).
---
Why don't I see any formulas? Why do I get a *[Math Processing Error]*?
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Try [this page](http://www.mathjax.org/demos/) first and see if MathJax works in your system at all. If the demo page works, but formulas on this site don't work, try to **clear your browser's cache**.
---
Related discussion:
[[1]](https://cstheory.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/3/latex-math-support)
[[2]](https://cstheory.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/195/cant-see-formulas)
[[3]](https://cstheory.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/25/material-to-supplement-the-faq/244#244)
[[4]](https://cstheory.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/258/math-processing-error) | Why can't I comment on my own question?
---------------------------------------
Ideally, you should always be able to comment on your own question.
If you cannot find a link labeled “add comment” below your own question, you may be using a different account from the one you used to post the question. Note that *using the same user name and the same icon does not mean that you are using the same account*.
If this happens, ask the moderators to merge the two accounts by flagging the question and state the situation briefly in the flagging comment. Alternatively, you can open a thread on [meta](https://cstheory.meta.stackexchange.com/) to explain the situation.
To prevent this from happening in the future, we strongly encourage you to register your account.
Related discussion: [[1]](https://cstheory.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/422/what-should-we-do-if-we-noticed-someone-having-the-multiple-account-problem) |
248 | Given the PL Theory parts of my question (but seeing it also being part of practical compiler design) Im thinking it might be a better match here than there?
<https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3616950/formally-constructing-control-flow-graph> | 2010/09/04 | [
"https://cstheory.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/248",
"https://cstheory.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://cstheory.meta.stackexchange.com/users/855/"
] | What is the policy on crossposting to/from MathOverflow or other StackExchange sites?
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Crossposting from [MathOverflow](https://mathoverflow.net/) and other StackExchange sites is perfectly fine, as long as they aren't done in parallel. That is, if you post a question on one site, you should only post to the other site after you have not received a satisfactory answer for some time, and you should provide a link in each post (or in the comments on it) to the other one. As a courtesy, if you post your question here after trying MathOverflow or another StackExchange site, please try to integrate in your question the answers you received on MathOverflow/the other site (even if they did not answer everything).
---
Related discussion:
[[1]](https://cstheory.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/25/material-to-supplement-the-faq/36#36)
[[2]](https://cstheory.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/65/repeat-a-question-from-math-overflow)
[[3]](https://cstheory.meta.stackexchange.com/a/2853) | Can I discuss questions and answers on the site?
------------------------------------------------
In addition to questions and answers, cstheory.sx supports, like other Stack Exchange sites, comments on questions and answers. This supports discussions, and is important to improving posts, challenging possible mistakes, and bringing attention to relevant resources.
Of course, discussions only work if the participants know of the comments. Besides comments appearing after the question or answer they comment on, the author of the question or answer will see that you have commented, as will anyone who you have notified by @name, where the site tries to figure out who @name might be by looking at the user names of other users who have participated in the thread. You need at least the first three characters of the user name for the site to figure out that the @nam might be about them. For more details on comment replies, see “[How do comment replies work?](https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/43019/how-do-comment-replies-work)” on meta.stackoverflow.com. |
248 | Given the PL Theory parts of my question (but seeing it also being part of practical compiler design) Im thinking it might be a better match here than there?
<https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3616950/formally-constructing-control-flow-graph> | 2010/09/04 | [
"https://cstheory.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/248",
"https://cstheory.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://cstheory.meta.stackexchange.com/users/855/"
] | Useful resources
----------------
Complexity classes:
* [Complexity Zoo](http://qwiki.stanford.edu/wiki/Complexity_Zoo). In questions that are related to complexity classes, it's a good idea to first check the Zoo and see if your question is already answered there – or if it's a well-known open problem. The Zoo also defines the standard naming convention for complexity classes on this site.
Hardness and approximability:
* [A compendium of NP optimization problems](http://www.nada.kth.se/~viggo/wwwcompendium/).
Problems related to graph families:
* [Information System on Graph Classes and their Inclusions (ISGCI)](http://www.graphclasses.org/).
---
Related discussion: [[1]](https://cstheory.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/25/material-to-supplement-the-faq/44#44) | Are questions about *[this area of computer science]* on-topic here?
--------------------------------------------------------------------
As [our FAQ](https://cstheory.stackexchange.com/faq) explains, we interpret "Theoretical Computer Science" broadly. Roughly speaking, the subareas of computer science that put **emphasis on mathematical technique and rigor** are on-topic.
Here are some further clarifications regarding possible borderline cases:
* **Pure math**: if the problem has some applications in theoretical computer science, it is welcome here – [more discussion](https://cstheory.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/169/when-are-areas-of-pure-math-that-are-used-in-cs-considered-on-topic).
* **Artificial intelligence**: theoretical aspects of artificial intelligence are on-topic; philosophical questions are probably off-topic – [more discussion](https://cstheory.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/114/cstheory-vs-ai-stackexchange-site).
---
Further discussion:
[[1]](https://cstheory.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/115/what-level-and-types-of-questions-are-appropriate-for-theoretical-computer-scienc)
[[2]](https://cstheory.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/119/our-domain-scope-specifically-defined) |
299,507 | I'm writing a letter and I've already used the word "delicious" in my writing, I'm just looking for a phrase or idiom that completes my sentence, in my mother tongue we have a phrase that says : "your food was as much delicious as its taste is still under my tongue" do we have an English phrase or idiom that I can use in the given concept? | 2021/10/07 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/299507",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | Your food was really delicious. It hit the spot. It was yummy.
hit the spot could be said here, as in: was satisfying.
yummy or really tasty or a real treat.
And I'm sure there are tons of others as well. | There are a few synonyms that could be used instead of delicious such as [sublime](https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/sublime) or [divine](https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/divine). |
299,507 | I'm writing a letter and I've already used the word "delicious" in my writing, I'm just looking for a phrase or idiom that completes my sentence, in my mother tongue we have a phrase that says : "your food was as much delicious as its taste is still under my tongue" do we have an English phrase or idiom that I can use in the given concept? | 2021/10/07 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/299507",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | From what comes to mind, I'd suggest [*finger-licking good*](https://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/finger-licking+good) and [*lip-smacking*.](https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/lip-smacking) | There are a few synonyms that could be used instead of delicious such as [sublime](https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/sublime) or [divine](https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/divine). |
299,507 | I'm writing a letter and I've already used the word "delicious" in my writing, I'm just looking for a phrase or idiom that completes my sentence, in my mother tongue we have a phrase that says : "your food was as much delicious as its taste is still under my tongue" do we have an English phrase or idiom that I can use in the given concept? | 2021/10/07 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/299507",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | I can't think of any idioms, but these are are common and natural phrases:
"Your food left me wanting more."
"Your food was so good I can still taste it." | There are a few synonyms that could be used instead of delicious such as [sublime](https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/sublime) or [divine](https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/divine). |
72,782 | For the following sentences:
>
> * He threw the book *at* the floor.
> * He threw the book *on* the floor.
>
>
>
I know the book hit the floor in both sentences but which one is more commonly used and also what's the difference between 'at' and 'on'? Do we acknowledge the exact position from 'at'? | 2012/06/27 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/72782",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/22024/"
] | We typically use *at* when talking about an upright target:
>
> He threw the book **at** the dog.
>
> The judge threw the book **at** her.
>
> I threw my food **at** the wall.
>
>
>
If the target is flat, we typically say *on* instead:
>
> I spilled it **on** the floor.
>
> I dropped my things **on** the table after school.
>
>
> | I believe the word "on" also implies a final resting place. If you throw your book on the floor, and don't implicitly tell us where it ended up, we will immediately assume it's still on the floor. Similarly, if I "throw my clothes at the floor" on my way to the shower, it implies that I really don't care where they landed; they may have ended up on the back of a chair or on the dog laying in the corner. The emphasis is on that shower. |
72,782 | For the following sentences:
>
> * He threw the book *at* the floor.
> * He threw the book *on* the floor.
>
>
>
I know the book hit the floor in both sentences but which one is more commonly used and also what's the difference between 'at' and 'on'? Do we acknowledge the exact position from 'at'? | 2012/06/27 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/72782",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/22024/"
] | We typically use *at* when talking about an upright target:
>
> He threw the book **at** the dog.
>
> The judge threw the book **at** her.
>
> I threw my food **at** the wall.
>
>
>
If the target is flat, we typically say *on* instead:
>
> I spilled it **on** the floor.
>
> I dropped my things **on** the table after school.
>
>
> | "Throw something on the floor" is usually used in more of an expressive than literal context. Usually, when you "throw something on the floor", you're not actually throwing it, you're dropping it casually, or maybe tossing it. Sometimes we might also use the expression to indicate we did something quickly: I threw on some clothes, throw dinner on the stove, etc. This does not mean that "throw on the floor" is never used literally ("during his tantrum, he threw all his food on the floor"). However, throwing at is generally used in a more literal sense, and usually indicates deliberateness and/or force. |
72,782 | For the following sentences:
>
> * He threw the book *at* the floor.
> * He threw the book *on* the floor.
>
>
>
I know the book hit the floor in both sentences but which one is more commonly used and also what's the difference between 'at' and 'on'? Do we acknowledge the exact position from 'at'? | 2012/06/27 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/72782",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/22024/"
] | I believe the word "on" also implies a final resting place. If you throw your book on the floor, and don't implicitly tell us where it ended up, we will immediately assume it's still on the floor. Similarly, if I "throw my clothes at the floor" on my way to the shower, it implies that I really don't care where they landed; they may have ended up on the back of a chair or on the dog laying in the corner. The emphasis is on that shower. | "Throw something on the floor" is usually used in more of an expressive than literal context. Usually, when you "throw something on the floor", you're not actually throwing it, you're dropping it casually, or maybe tossing it. Sometimes we might also use the expression to indicate we did something quickly: I threw on some clothes, throw dinner on the stove, etc. This does not mean that "throw on the floor" is never used literally ("during his tantrum, he threw all his food on the floor"). However, throwing at is generally used in a more literal sense, and usually indicates deliberateness and/or force. |
996,452 | I have question where can i find global phone book in windows 10.
When you create VPN connection with powershell or windows settings it will be saved into:
%AppData%\Roaming\Microsoft\Network\Connections\Pbk\rasphone.pbk
Problem is when i use parameter -AllUserConnection for creating VPN so other users can use the connection from login screen too it will be saved into global phonebook due to msdocs.
It's not same phonebook in location above, cause i can see VPN connection in my network adapters but its not store in the phonebook and without that parameter it will stored in that phonebook.
Any ideas where this global phonebook is stored?
Need it for my automatization script. | 2019/12/22 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/996452",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/553174/"
] | >
> Does it mean that MS SQL Server 2017 Express Database meet attack?
>
>
>
It looks like it, yes.
>
> How can I fix the problems?
>
>
>
Block access to your SQL server from the internet. Why is it exposed to the internet? | Your SQL server is definitely getting a logon attack. This happens almost 100% of the time a computer with SQL Server is exposed to the internet.
[Here is an option to allow only certain IP addresses](https://www.sqlservercentral.com/forums/topic/allow-remote-sql-connections-from-specific-ip-addresses-via-windows-firewall) (You might need to do some research on how this is done)
**If you have RDP or SSH open to the internet:**
If this is on a Linux server and you have SSH open to the internet you most likely are being attacked on SSH. [Please look at this guide.](https://securitytrails.com/blog/mitigating-ssh-based-attacks-top-15-best-security-practices)
If you are on Windows Server and you have RDP open to the internet you are also probably being attached on RDP. [Please look at this guide.](https://blog.emsisoft.com/en/28622/rdp-brute-force-attack/)
The best is not to have this open to the internet but if it is definately needed you need to make sure your security is setup correctly on the machine or with a firewall. |
252,193 | The [spinor helicity formalism](http://isites.harvard.edu/fs/docs/icb.topic1146666.files/IV-3-SpinorHelicity.pdf) is a modern technique widely used in scattering amplitude calculations nowadays. However, it is hard to find a reference for who first came up with the formalism. Maybe someone here knows of the first author to ever use spinor helicity?
EDIT:
Even [this review](http://arxiv.org/pdf/1308.1697v2.pdf) does not have any reference on the topic. However, they naturally introduce it from a discussion on Dirac and Weyl spinors, so I guess one can attribute the formalism to them. | 2016/04/26 | [
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/252193",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/users/14024/"
] | Apart from that there are also bunch of papers which are regarded as earliest developments of spinor helicity formalism, for example
<http://inspirehep.net/record/167680?ln=en>
<https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0550321382904898>
<http://inspirehep.net/record/231187?ln=en>
<http://inspirehep.net/record/302550?ln=en>
Dixon cite those in his review paper
<https://arxiv.org/abs/1310.5353> | Check out this, I guess this is the first paper where it was introduced. <http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0550321385902858> |
182,948 | Imagine a car taking a curve with constant speed. Assuming no friction or air resistance all we would have would be centripetal force. As the car's front wheels straighten to exit the curve the centripetal force gets smaller and smaller. Yet, the car's velocity's direction follows the wheels' direction. So there has to be some force making that happen, right?
What force is that? Where does it come from? How is it calculated? | 2015/05/09 | [
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/182948",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/users/80806/"
] | When a car turns, the wheels are set to rotate in a direction other than forward. The normal rolling action of the wheel will cause the car to turn. This is the path of least friction - in the absence of friction (such as on ice), the car would continue to go forward.
When the car has started to turn, the occupants and other loose things would continue to head straight forward, under the inertia. But friction and physical restraints would cause these to stop their motion. (Excess motion could cause toppling).
Centrifugal force is not a real thing. It is simply an indicated force required to keep something in circular motion. In saying that centrifugal force is matched by gravity (in an orbit), the centrifugal force is a condition needed to be applied to keep the object in orbit, and the gravity is the substance of the condition. | You may have inadvertently begun to answer your own question. The centripetal force decreases as the car decreases it's rate of turning to exit the curve.
If you think about it, it is actually really intuitive. The car wants to go in a straight line, and if you are driving on ice and the wheels stop turning and you no longer have friction on the wheels, the car will slide in a straight line approximately tangent to the curve it was just following. The only thing keeping the car on a curve is the centripetal force, so when that force decreases, the cars velocity starts to straighten out until there is no longer a centripetal force and you are travelling in a straight line.
In other words, there is no force causing the exiting of a curve, it is precisely the lack of force. |
12,705,195 | Please somebody clears me up the mess in my head with these patterns:
* **Chain of Command**
* **Chain of Responsibility**
I've seen sites in which both are the same (examples of Chain of Command which are the same as Chain of Responsibility), and other sites in which not.
This is what I understand about each:
**CHAIN OF COMMAND:**
A class let's call it CommandChain, with a property holding a list of "commands", which are instances of classes which implement the same interface. Say they all must implement onCommand(command, arguments).
CommandChain has the addCommand() method to register new commands within it, and runCommand() which accepts a command name, and its parameters. This method should loop through the list of commands until one of them responds, does the corresponding actions, and sends ok.
**CHAIN OF RESPONSIBILITY**
Just as I've seen in some sites, this would be pretty much the same, with this difference:
instead of having a class storing a list of commands to loop through, each command instance would store a reference to the next command instance.
So, is this difference big enough to consider both design patterns different?
In what real cases are they applicable? | 2012/10/03 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/12705195",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/976330/"
] | They are the same design pattern.
If they have the same properties and only the implementation differs, they are functionally the same. This indicates that the two design patterns are one and the same.
Another hint is that there is a Wikipedia page for Chain of Responsibility DP, but none for Chain of Command.
The "Gang of Four" who wrote the seminal book on DPs were very clear on that behavior and properties, not implementation, defined a design pattern. | It looks like that Chain of Command is used when there is a single handler that needs to perform multiple task based on some request while on the other hand in Chain of Responsibility is used when each handler can handle only one type of request.
An example could be if there is fire alarm, there you can issue a request to fire-detecter which will instead issue many commands to check the fire at different levels or places.
While who will be respond to this fire like fire-warden, security guard, police etc can be done by using chain-of-responsibility. |
12,705,195 | Please somebody clears me up the mess in my head with these patterns:
* **Chain of Command**
* **Chain of Responsibility**
I've seen sites in which both are the same (examples of Chain of Command which are the same as Chain of Responsibility), and other sites in which not.
This is what I understand about each:
**CHAIN OF COMMAND:**
A class let's call it CommandChain, with a property holding a list of "commands", which are instances of classes which implement the same interface. Say they all must implement onCommand(command, arguments).
CommandChain has the addCommand() method to register new commands within it, and runCommand() which accepts a command name, and its parameters. This method should loop through the list of commands until one of them responds, does the corresponding actions, and sends ok.
**CHAIN OF RESPONSIBILITY**
Just as I've seen in some sites, this would be pretty much the same, with this difference:
instead of having a class storing a list of commands to loop through, each command instance would store a reference to the next command instance.
So, is this difference big enough to consider both design patterns different?
In what real cases are they applicable? | 2012/10/03 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/12705195",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/976330/"
] | It looks like that Chain of Command is used when there is a single handler that needs to perform multiple task based on some request while on the other hand in Chain of Responsibility is used when each handler can handle only one type of request.
An example could be if there is fire alarm, there you can issue a request to fire-detecter which will instead issue many commands to check the fire at different levels or places.
While who will be respond to this fire like fire-warden, security guard, police etc can be done by using chain-of-responsibility. | The Chain of Responsibility is one of the Gang of Four's original designs, and you can find several examples implemented in PHP here:
<http://www.php5dp.com/category/design-patterns/chain-of-responsibility/>
One use of the pattern has been with "sniffer" programs for selecting the correct device for use with Web sites that have multiple configurations for different devices (phone, tablet, desktop). The CoR pattern avoids coupling between the client making the request and the handling object.
It is not hierarchal in that one "handling object" is not above another, but it is sequential in that it goes through a set of options until it finds the most appropriate for a given request.
The "Chain of Command" may be a misnomer for the CoR or it may be a wholly different pattern with a hierarchal structure. |
12,705,195 | Please somebody clears me up the mess in my head with these patterns:
* **Chain of Command**
* **Chain of Responsibility**
I've seen sites in which both are the same (examples of Chain of Command which are the same as Chain of Responsibility), and other sites in which not.
This is what I understand about each:
**CHAIN OF COMMAND:**
A class let's call it CommandChain, with a property holding a list of "commands", which are instances of classes which implement the same interface. Say they all must implement onCommand(command, arguments).
CommandChain has the addCommand() method to register new commands within it, and runCommand() which accepts a command name, and its parameters. This method should loop through the list of commands until one of them responds, does the corresponding actions, and sends ok.
**CHAIN OF RESPONSIBILITY**
Just as I've seen in some sites, this would be pretty much the same, with this difference:
instead of having a class storing a list of commands to loop through, each command instance would store a reference to the next command instance.
So, is this difference big enough to consider both design patterns different?
In what real cases are they applicable? | 2012/10/03 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/12705195",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/976330/"
] | They are the same design pattern.
If they have the same properties and only the implementation differs, they are functionally the same. This indicates that the two design patterns are one and the same.
Another hint is that there is a Wikipedia page for Chain of Responsibility DP, but none for Chain of Command.
The "Gang of Four" who wrote the seminal book on DPs were very clear on that behavior and properties, not implementation, defined a design pattern. | The Chain of Responsibility is one of the Gang of Four's original designs, and you can find several examples implemented in PHP here:
<http://www.php5dp.com/category/design-patterns/chain-of-responsibility/>
One use of the pattern has been with "sniffer" programs for selecting the correct device for use with Web sites that have multiple configurations for different devices (phone, tablet, desktop). The CoR pattern avoids coupling between the client making the request and the handling object.
It is not hierarchal in that one "handling object" is not above another, but it is sequential in that it goes through a set of options until it finds the most appropriate for a given request.
The "Chain of Command" may be a misnomer for the CoR or it may be a wholly different pattern with a hierarchal structure. |
371,985 | Has anyone here had any experience with running OpenBD or Railo in production? We have some legacy CF6.1 apps that need to be hosted somewhere and I'm wondering if OpenBD or Railo is stable enough for production use, won't require a great deal effort to migrate to, etc. | 2008/12/16 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/371985",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/13436/"
] | I'll chime in as the 'Adobe' guy and say that yes, both OpenBD and Railo are viable CFML engines. The main hurdles are around CFML compatibility. For the last decade Allaire/Macomedia/Adobe has been driving the CFML standard, but we've formed an open CFML Advisory board made up of various experts in the field to help drive the future of the language.
Today it seems that ColdFusion 7 is the foundational standard. From there the CFML standard seems to splinter between vendors. ColdFusion 8 added a number of exclusive features that haven't been added to the other engines and vice-versa with Railo and OpenBD. In the future, the CFML Advisory should solve this problem.
Using ColdFusion as the standard, I find the following two link to be the best places to understand the compatibility differences.
[OpenBD Compatibility](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BlueDragon#Compatibility)
[Railo Compatability](http://www.railo-technologies.com/en/index.cfm?treeID=107)
Here is the url for the CFML Advisory group. They just started the site so there isn't too much info up there yet.
[OpenCFML.org](http://www.opencfml.org) | I think replacedirect.nl recently migrated their webshop to railo. |
371,985 | Has anyone here had any experience with running OpenBD or Railo in production? We have some legacy CF6.1 apps that need to be hosted somewhere and I'm wondering if OpenBD or Railo is stable enough for production use, won't require a great deal effort to migrate to, etc. | 2008/12/16 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/371985",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/13436/"
] | Absolutely! Both are enterprise class solutions and shouldn't pose too many problems. As rip747 mentions there are copies you can download to quickly test your applications compatibility.
As for performance it's generally believed that Railo is the fastest of the three engines while BlueDragon is the slowest. Although it's not currently in production I'm developing an application against Railo 3.0 and intend to deploy to Railo 3.1 once it's released. | Rob, mind if I try to solve your problem by providing a different solution than your question asks?
In that you mention an interest in hosting, just keep in mind that if you mean shared hosting, then you don't need to worry about the cost of the CFML engine. That will be born by the hosting provider, and amortized over the folks on the server. As such, you will find many low- (and even no-) cost CF hosting providers running on Adobe CF (and you'll find a range of them running different versions to suit one's taste, from CF 6, 7, 8, or 9, as I write today.)
There are various lists of CF hosting providers. I offer one (and also provide pointers to still other lists) at a category of my CF411 site: <http://www.cf411.com/#cfhost> |
371,985 | Has anyone here had any experience with running OpenBD or Railo in production? We have some legacy CF6.1 apps that need to be hosted somewhere and I'm wondering if OpenBD or Railo is stable enough for production use, won't require a great deal effort to migrate to, etc. | 2008/12/16 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/371985",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/13436/"
] | Both are on par with CFMX 7 compatability so you shouldn't have any problems migrating a cf6.1 site to either.
Be for warned through that [OpenBD](http://openbluedragon.org/) **DOES NOT** support the **CFDOCUMENT** tag so PDF generation is going to be a problem. [Railo](http://railo.ch/en/index.cfm) on the other hand does.
Railo has an [express version](http://railo.ch/en/index.cfm?treeID=224), which doesn't require an install and makes it real easy to see if an existing application works with it or not.
OpenBD also has a [download and ready to run version](http://www.openbluedragon.org/download.cfm), though I haven't tried it out, it should be as easy to setup as the Railo Express version.
It seems that there is project started for OpenBD to integrate the [Flying Saucer project](http://code.google.com/p/flying-saucer//) as a replacement for CFDOCUMENT support. More can be [found here](http://groups.google.com/group/openbd/browse_thread/thread/0f157a49cf84da73) about this. | Railo virtually has no documentation. It does not seem to be a priority for the core team, they have not managed the Railo open source project well. It is a case of lost momentum due to incompetency.
Railo is quite difficult to deploy on account of very weak documentation and consequently cannot be taken seriously. Furthermore the tag and function tags are empty when you scroll down to usage examples. This open source project and the team running it are a joke, completely out of touch with the recurrinfg complaints of install/config difficulties over the past 2 years.
Stick with Adobe Coldfusion which has good documentation or switch to another language. |
371,985 | Has anyone here had any experience with running OpenBD or Railo in production? We have some legacy CF6.1 apps that need to be hosted somewhere and I'm wondering if OpenBD or Railo is stable enough for production use, won't require a great deal effort to migrate to, etc. | 2008/12/16 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/371985",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/13436/"
] | I'll chime in as the 'Adobe' guy and say that yes, both OpenBD and Railo are viable CFML engines. The main hurdles are around CFML compatibility. For the last decade Allaire/Macomedia/Adobe has been driving the CFML standard, but we've formed an open CFML Advisory board made up of various experts in the field to help drive the future of the language.
Today it seems that ColdFusion 7 is the foundational standard. From there the CFML standard seems to splinter between vendors. ColdFusion 8 added a number of exclusive features that haven't been added to the other engines and vice-versa with Railo and OpenBD. In the future, the CFML Advisory should solve this problem.
Using ColdFusion as the standard, I find the following two link to be the best places to understand the compatibility differences.
[OpenBD Compatibility](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BlueDragon#Compatibility)
[Railo Compatability](http://www.railo-technologies.com/en/index.cfm?treeID=107)
Here is the url for the CFML Advisory group. They just started the site so there isn't too much info up there yet.
[OpenCFML.org](http://www.opencfml.org) | Both are on par with CFMX 7 compatability so you shouldn't have any problems migrating a cf6.1 site to either.
Be for warned through that [OpenBD](http://openbluedragon.org/) **DOES NOT** support the **CFDOCUMENT** tag so PDF generation is going to be a problem. [Railo](http://railo.ch/en/index.cfm) on the other hand does.
Railo has an [express version](http://railo.ch/en/index.cfm?treeID=224), which doesn't require an install and makes it real easy to see if an existing application works with it or not.
OpenBD also has a [download and ready to run version](http://www.openbluedragon.org/download.cfm), though I haven't tried it out, it should be as easy to setup as the Railo Express version.
It seems that there is project started for OpenBD to integrate the [Flying Saucer project](http://code.google.com/p/flying-saucer//) as a replacement for CFDOCUMENT support. More can be [found here](http://groups.google.com/group/openbd/browse_thread/thread/0f157a49cf84da73) about this. |
371,985 | Has anyone here had any experience with running OpenBD or Railo in production? We have some legacy CF6.1 apps that need to be hosted somewhere and I'm wondering if OpenBD or Railo is stable enough for production use, won't require a great deal effort to migrate to, etc. | 2008/12/16 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/371985",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/13436/"
] | The CFML compatibility in Railo is a major focus for us. If there are things in Railo that aren't compatible with Adobe CF, then please let us know about them and then we'll try to fix them asap. We are of course trying to get all the requirements of the CFML Advisory Committee implemented in Railo 3.1.x so that we can call ourselves CFML 2009 compatible.
AFAIK an engine should implement the core and the extended core to be called CFML 2009 compatible, but I guess the Advisory Committee hasn't agreed on this. In fact the vendors (like we are) should obey these standards and implement them accordingly.
If of course you experience any problems, just let the Railo Google group know or contact us at www.getrailo.com
Gert Franz
---
Railo Professional Open Source | I think replacedirect.nl recently migrated their webshop to railo. |
371,985 | Has anyone here had any experience with running OpenBD or Railo in production? We have some legacy CF6.1 apps that need to be hosted somewhere and I'm wondering if OpenBD or Railo is stable enough for production use, won't require a great deal effort to migrate to, etc. | 2008/12/16 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/371985",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/13436/"
] | The CFML compatibility in Railo is a major focus for us. If there are things in Railo that aren't compatible with Adobe CF, then please let us know about them and then we'll try to fix them asap. We are of course trying to get all the requirements of the CFML Advisory Committee implemented in Railo 3.1.x so that we can call ourselves CFML 2009 compatible.
AFAIK an engine should implement the core and the extended core to be called CFML 2009 compatible, but I guess the Advisory Committee hasn't agreed on this. In fact the vendors (like we are) should obey these standards and implement them accordingly.
If of course you experience any problems, just let the Railo Google group know or contact us at www.getrailo.com
Gert Franz
---
Railo Professional Open Source | Absolutely! Both are enterprise class solutions and shouldn't pose too many problems. As rip747 mentions there are copies you can download to quickly test your applications compatibility.
As for performance it's generally believed that Railo is the fastest of the three engines while BlueDragon is the slowest. Although it's not currently in production I'm developing an application against Railo 3.0 and intend to deploy to Railo 3.1 once it's released. |
371,985 | Has anyone here had any experience with running OpenBD or Railo in production? We have some legacy CF6.1 apps that need to be hosted somewhere and I'm wondering if OpenBD or Railo is stable enough for production use, won't require a great deal effort to migrate to, etc. | 2008/12/16 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/371985",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/13436/"
] | The CFML compatibility in Railo is a major focus for us. If there are things in Railo that aren't compatible with Adobe CF, then please let us know about them and then we'll try to fix them asap. We are of course trying to get all the requirements of the CFML Advisory Committee implemented in Railo 3.1.x so that we can call ourselves CFML 2009 compatible.
AFAIK an engine should implement the core and the extended core to be called CFML 2009 compatible, but I guess the Advisory Committee hasn't agreed on this. In fact the vendors (like we are) should obey these standards and implement them accordingly.
If of course you experience any problems, just let the Railo Google group know or contact us at www.getrailo.com
Gert Franz
---
Railo Professional Open Source | Both are on par with CFMX 7 compatability so you shouldn't have any problems migrating a cf6.1 site to either.
Be for warned through that [OpenBD](http://openbluedragon.org/) **DOES NOT** support the **CFDOCUMENT** tag so PDF generation is going to be a problem. [Railo](http://railo.ch/en/index.cfm) on the other hand does.
Railo has an [express version](http://railo.ch/en/index.cfm?treeID=224), which doesn't require an install and makes it real easy to see if an existing application works with it or not.
OpenBD also has a [download and ready to run version](http://www.openbluedragon.org/download.cfm), though I haven't tried it out, it should be as easy to setup as the Railo Express version.
It seems that there is project started for OpenBD to integrate the [Flying Saucer project](http://code.google.com/p/flying-saucer//) as a replacement for CFDOCUMENT support. More can be [found here](http://groups.google.com/group/openbd/browse_thread/thread/0f157a49cf84da73) about this. |
371,985 | Has anyone here had any experience with running OpenBD or Railo in production? We have some legacy CF6.1 apps that need to be hosted somewhere and I'm wondering if OpenBD or Railo is stable enough for production use, won't require a great deal effort to migrate to, etc. | 2008/12/16 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/371985",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/13436/"
] | The CFML compatibility in Railo is a major focus for us. If there are things in Railo that aren't compatible with Adobe CF, then please let us know about them and then we'll try to fix them asap. We are of course trying to get all the requirements of the CFML Advisory Committee implemented in Railo 3.1.x so that we can call ourselves CFML 2009 compatible.
AFAIK an engine should implement the core and the extended core to be called CFML 2009 compatible, but I guess the Advisory Committee hasn't agreed on this. In fact the vendors (like we are) should obey these standards and implement them accordingly.
If of course you experience any problems, just let the Railo Google group know or contact us at www.getrailo.com
Gert Franz
---
Railo Professional Open Source | Rob, mind if I try to solve your problem by providing a different solution than your question asks?
In that you mention an interest in hosting, just keep in mind that if you mean shared hosting, then you don't need to worry about the cost of the CFML engine. That will be born by the hosting provider, and amortized over the folks on the server. As such, you will find many low- (and even no-) cost CF hosting providers running on Adobe CF (and you'll find a range of them running different versions to suit one's taste, from CF 6, 7, 8, or 9, as I write today.)
There are various lists of CF hosting providers. I offer one (and also provide pointers to still other lists) at a category of my CF411 site: <http://www.cf411.com/#cfhost> |
371,985 | Has anyone here had any experience with running OpenBD or Railo in production? We have some legacy CF6.1 apps that need to be hosted somewhere and I'm wondering if OpenBD or Railo is stable enough for production use, won't require a great deal effort to migrate to, etc. | 2008/12/16 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/371985",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/13436/"
] | Support for cfdocument will be included in the next "major" versioned release of OpenBD.
Just to give folks a bit of background on cfdocument support in OpenBD, a commercial library was used for cfdocument in New Atlanta BlueDragon, so that had to be removed when OpenBD went open source. The "hooks" are still in the OpenBD engine, however, so it's really just a matter of implementing the underlying functionality using an open source document engine, of which there are many. | Rob, mind if I try to solve your problem by providing a different solution than your question asks?
In that you mention an interest in hosting, just keep in mind that if you mean shared hosting, then you don't need to worry about the cost of the CFML engine. That will be born by the hosting provider, and amortized over the folks on the server. As such, you will find many low- (and even no-) cost CF hosting providers running on Adobe CF (and you'll find a range of them running different versions to suit one's taste, from CF 6, 7, 8, or 9, as I write today.)
There are various lists of CF hosting providers. I offer one (and also provide pointers to still other lists) at a category of my CF411 site: <http://www.cf411.com/#cfhost> |
371,985 | Has anyone here had any experience with running OpenBD or Railo in production? We have some legacy CF6.1 apps that need to be hosted somewhere and I'm wondering if OpenBD or Railo is stable enough for production use, won't require a great deal effort to migrate to, etc. | 2008/12/16 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/371985",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/13436/"
] | I'll chime in as the 'Adobe' guy and say that yes, both OpenBD and Railo are viable CFML engines. The main hurdles are around CFML compatibility. For the last decade Allaire/Macomedia/Adobe has been driving the CFML standard, but we've formed an open CFML Advisory board made up of various experts in the field to help drive the future of the language.
Today it seems that ColdFusion 7 is the foundational standard. From there the CFML standard seems to splinter between vendors. ColdFusion 8 added a number of exclusive features that haven't been added to the other engines and vice-versa with Railo and OpenBD. In the future, the CFML Advisory should solve this problem.
Using ColdFusion as the standard, I find the following two link to be the best places to understand the compatibility differences.
[OpenBD Compatibility](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BlueDragon#Compatibility)
[Railo Compatability](http://www.railo-technologies.com/en/index.cfm?treeID=107)
Here is the url for the CFML Advisory group. They just started the site so there isn't too much info up there yet.
[OpenCFML.org](http://www.opencfml.org) | The CFML compatibility in Railo is a major focus for us. If there are things in Railo that aren't compatible with Adobe CF, then please let us know about them and then we'll try to fix them asap. We are of course trying to get all the requirements of the CFML Advisory Committee implemented in Railo 3.1.x so that we can call ourselves CFML 2009 compatible.
AFAIK an engine should implement the core and the extended core to be called CFML 2009 compatible, but I guess the Advisory Committee hasn't agreed on this. In fact the vendors (like we are) should obey these standards and implement them accordingly.
If of course you experience any problems, just let the Railo Google group know or contact us at www.getrailo.com
Gert Franz
---
Railo Professional Open Source |
74,342,297 | Could you please help me in this question because I don't have any idea about it. As a beginner in stimulus js I don't have much idea about it.
I need the answer of above question. | 2022/11/07 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/74342297",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/19922992/"
] | The Stimulus homepage [shows you how](https://stimulus.hotwired.dev/) to fill in a text field and it outputs dynamically in another field.
You'll need to put code in a view and make a file for the JS code as per their example.
Their guide here provides step-by-step:
<https://stimulus.hotwired.dev/handbook/hello-stimulus>
Is this what you need? What else is the issue or where are you most stuck? | Hi could you tell us what do you mean by 'dynamic text fields'. What should be dynamic about them. If you want to be able to add more text fields as you click on a button - you can try cocoon (it uses jquery, but works really good)
<https://github.com/nathanvda/cocoon>
I know that you ask Stimulus solution, but this one is pretty good library as well.
Good luck ! |
984,228 | im trying to figure a formula for a running percentage of entries in a column.
For example, in column A, i have "r" for returns, and "n" for non returns, and "c" for canceled, but "c" is classed as a non return.
As i enter the value, i'd like a "live" % of the overall column as i enter it:
I have used =IF(B3="r",SUM(G2+1),SUM(G2-1)) but that doesnt give me a percentage! Thanks. | 2015/10/09 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/984228",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/464216/"
] | In this context, "network" is synonymous with "LAN" or local area network. It is by definition a realm of connected machines that can communicate using the [OSI Data Link layer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_model#Layer_2:_Data_Link_Layer) (layer 2). A machine that is not directly connected to your LAN is outside your network boundary, and you cannot contact it.
In the [OSI model](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_model) the internet is an Internetwork, a system of interconnected networks, which is implemented by a common protocol which operates at [OSI layer 3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_model#Layer_3:_Network_Layer), and allows the use of [Routers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Router_%28computing%29), which convey traffic from LAN to LAN as the datagrams cross the internetwork. IP is an Internetwork layer protocol, so it can use routers to relay traffic as your example sentence explains. | My understanding is that a “network boundary” is a logical construct. Meaning, I would take it to mean the “network boundary” is the difference between what a system can physically connect to versus what network resources they are logically able to access on a network.
For example, if I connect to a LAN via Wi-Fi or a physical cable, but the network is restricted via MAC address and my device’s MAC address is not granted entry, the “boundary” of that network would simply be my the literal edge of that routing device. That router sees my connection, allows my connection but then says, “Nope, no further for you…”
Similarly the network boundary between—let’s say—a WAN or a LAN could be defined as: WAN traffic begins and ends at the router for inbound traffic unless ports are opened on the router to allow further access. And on a related note, systems connected via the LAN themselves are assigned IP addresses within the range that router can handle and nothing else. Thus port forwarding on a router from the WAN to a LAN system bridges the network boundary. |
48,746 | I've received a job offer from a former client with very nice terms, a decent pay check, just all around a great job with people I know and get along with.
Coupled with the fact that I may not be very suited to my current job (consultancy) as opposed to what they're offering (full time business as usual).
But I've come across a hindrance.
Upon reviewing my paperwork, I noticed that I do not have a specific document I signed.
When I was working for this customer, I had to sign a do-not-compete clause with a different company. To put matters into perspective I'll explain the situation a bit.
* I am employed at **nice small consultancy firm**
* **Customer** was looking for a consultant that matched my skill-set
* **Bodyshop** is a provider of consultants for **Customer**
* **Nice small consultancy firm** outsourced me through **bodyshop** to **Customer**
* I signed a do not compete clause between **nice small consultancy firm** and **bodyshop**
* **Customer** stopped all contracts with **bodyshop** because of some bad experiences
* **Customer** opened up some job postings for employees to replace the consultants that were let go
Now I never received a copy of this do not compete clause, I signed it, and I think both company's have a copy, but I don't.
How would I go about obtaining a copy?
Am I just utterly screwed if I sign something now? | 2015/06/24 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/48746",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/32778/"
] | I would simply contact whichever company was supposed to provide a copy, and request it again. If they ask why, you don't have to lie: "I wish to retain a copy for my records". It's by no means an unreasonable request or unusual answer. | Depending on the country and the company policy, you may have access to all documents in your HR file. Rather than specifically asking for this non-compete you may be better off asking for a copy of all of your documents. If HR asks why a "I'm not sure if my copy of my records is complete" is unlikely to raise any flags. The upside of taking this route is that you get copies of everything just in case there is something else missing. |
14,011 | I've been doing genealogy for quite a while, but am new to DNA, having purchased six tests for Christmas. Not all results are in yet, but I have a few good matches. I'd like to get four more kits in the next year, but my wife and I have lots of relatives, and I'm not sure who to test next.
I've created a chart to show the DNA resources (living relatives) available to us.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/DMJoQ.jpg)
My wife (3a) and I (2a) tested at AncestryDNA, and have twelve living aunts and uncles, ages 75 to 90. They all have living cousins, although their numbers are dwindling.
My mother (5a) and my wife's father (6a) are also at Ancestry, and my wife's mother (7a) is at FamilyTreeDNA, because we didn't think she could do the spit test. I have one FamilyTreeDNA kit left over. My cousin (5c1) tested herself at 23andMe, but I have no presence there, yet.
The experts are preaching to test everyone, everywhere, with every test. I'd rather be more frugal, and am only doing autosomal tests for now. I'd like the option to do mtDNA and Y-DNA in the future.
I can add two more generations to the chart before hitting any trouble areas, mainly:
Ancestor 9 (paternal line),
Ancestor 10 (all lines, but have DNA leads on maternal line),
Ancestor 11 (maternal line),
Ancestor 12 (paternal line),
Ancestor 14 (maternal line),
Ancestor 15 (all lines)
My goals:
Confirm paper genealogy.
Find 3rd/4th cousins to trade stories/photos.
Find distant cousins to break through brick walls.
Map Chromosomes and traits of individual ancestors.
Preserve DNA data for future generations.
My questions:
1. I've considered testing myself at all three big companies (Ancestry, FamilyTree, 23andMe). Is it better, worse, or the same if I test myself (2a) at Ancestry, my sister (2b) at 23andMe, and my brother (2c) at FamilyTree?
2. Would aunts and uncles be better than siblings in question 1?
3. I'd like to recreate a partial DNA profile for my deceased father (4a) using my siblings. Is there a benefit in that to our (hopefully) ongoing genetic genealogy, or am I being sentimental? He has three living brothers.
4. Experts say to test your oldest relatives first. The thought being that eventually you'll test everyone, and maybe I will. But being old doesn't make you best choice. If you could test only four people on the chart for atDNA, who would it be, where would they test, and why?
5. Who would be runner-up in fifth place?
UPDATE: I've come a long way in the last 6 months. Here is my family's latest denagram, showing who's been DNA tested. Thanks for all the help!
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/S1vnR.jpg) | 2018/03/08 | [
"https://genealogy.stackexchange.com/questions/14011",
"https://genealogy.stackexchange.com",
"https://genealogy.stackexchange.com/users/285/"
] | I think you just posted that question to make all other genealogists envious of what you have to work with. :-)
But seriously, yes, there are some things you should do and do as soon as possible (i.e. before the candidates are no longer here).
Seeing your goals, I would suggest you work towards trying to get sets of three siblings tested at your parents level. The reason for this is that once you have 3 siblings, you can do what's called Visual Phasing. [Blaine Bettinger has a great guide to this](https://thegeneticgenealogist.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Visual-Phasing-Bettinger.pdf).
What Visual Phasing can do is assign the DNA of three sibling to each of their grandparents. If you do it with a parent and two aunts/uncles, then you will get chromosome maps of your 4 great-grandparents on that parent's side. (The rest of us are drooling right now).
Since your father has passed away, you should get his 3 brothers tested.
You've tested your mother. You've tested her niece, but not her sister, and her two brothers are reluctant. You should try to get two of her siblings if possible. Using her niece and getting her sister and nephew might allow you to map some or even most of your mother's grandparents, but it would be more difficult and require customized work.
On your wife's side, both her parents have 3 siblings and you should choose 2 of her father's siblings and 2 of her mother's siblings.
That's a total of 3 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 9 tests. If that's more than you want to do, you can prioritize them, but remember that if they pass away, you won't get the chance.
If you are interested in future Y-DNA or mtDNA analysis, then Family Tree DNA is the best. But you only need one male on each of your 2 sides and your wife's 2 sides to test there. You can do both tests with the male sample.
You might want the other uncles and aunts you test to be at Ancestry DNA, just because they have the biggest pool of possible relatives. You can later transfer the raw data for them to Family Tree DNA and MyHeritage DNA and Living DNA for free to take advantage of those pools. Whereas, you cannot transfer raw data to Ancestry DNA from other companies.
But for the purposes of Visual Phasing, don't test them at 23andMe. 23andMe use the V5 chip, which I'll explain in the next paragraph.
Once you have 3 parent/aunt/uncle combinations for your father, mother and your wife's father and mother all tested at Family Tree DNA and MyHeritage DNA, then you can transfer their raw data all up to GEDmatch.com for free. That is the site where you do the Visual Phasing from as Blaine Bettinger describes. Currently at GEDmatch, they are only experimenting with the V5 chip, so uploads from that chip (23andMe and Living DNA) are kept in a separate work area that cannot currently be compared to DNA of the other companies.
Now, with respect to this workflow I propose, I'll answer your questions.
1. Don't bother testing yourself at other companies. Instead, just transfer your raw data to Family Tree DNA, My Heritage DNA, Living DNA and GEDmatch for free. Another test at a different company will not give you enough extra to make it worthwhile over a transfer. If you test siblings, you will get different cousin matches. You might choose to test them also at Ancestry DNA, or at different companies and transfer them everywhere else. You won't be able to transfer them to Ancestry DNA, but Ancestry DNA doesn't provide good tools for you to use anyway.
2. Yes! Aunts and uncles are much better than siblings. With siblings you can only map your grandparents' segments. With aunts and uncles, you can map your great-grandparents' segments. People who don't have any parents or aunts or uncles living don't have a choice, and getting siblings tested is what we unfortunates have to do. You don't need to.
3. If you are successful using Visual Phasing from your father's 3 brothers to map their grandparents segments, then you really have everything you need. No, you won't know all of which parts of your dad's DNA he got from his grandparents, but from all this information, you'll be able to determine exactly what he passed down to you and what your mom passed down to you. If you want to determine the rest of your dad's DNA, then as you say, you could test your two siblings and do the Visual Phasing with them but now you're talking about moving from a 4-star hotel to a 5-star hotel.
4. If I had only 4 people to test, I would choose your father's 3 brothers to nail down his side, especially since he is gone and you have no one else close who tested on his side. The 4th would be tough because you only have 1 sibling tested on each of the other sides and you can't get up to 3 with just one more. I'd probably take one who is not well and may be gone in a few years. In my case, I tested my uncle last year with his permission when he was 93 and he passed away 6 months later. Other than losing them, the real reason why they say to test the oldest first is you want to start a generation farther back. The extra generation means that they will on average match twice as much to each relative as the next generation will.
5. If you get a 5th, then pick the aunt or uncle that gives you 3 siblings.
Visual Phasing is tricky, but I'm sure you'll get the hang of it. I wish I was in your boat. | It is difficult question. Unfortunately, there is no general solution. Of course the ideal choice is to test everybody with WGS (whole genome sequencing) test. It will reveal the maximum amount of information about your family. There are only two drawbacks: it is very expensive and with WGS test you will be able to match other users only with free (or almost free) databases like GEDMATCH, YFull and so on.
So the second option is try to narrow the number of necessary tests. The full information about your family is
* yDNA of all your direct paternal lines (1a-8 + 5d1-10 + 3c-3e-12 + 7b-7d-14 - total 4 lines)
* mtDNA of all your direct maternal lines (9 + 2b-11 + 1b-15 + 6b-13 - total 4 lines)
* autosomal DNA for the eldest alive persons (please don't ask why)
You should decide if you would like to test for yDNA-mtDNA and atDNA the same persons, or test different people for different types of DNA (it gives you more agility in future, because, for example, with FT-DNA you could upgrade your tests).
Also if you want to confirm the relationship between son and father (or daughter and mother) you are strictly forced to buy atDNA (or WGS) test for both, because of possibility of NPE (non parental event).
Another idea is that some tests are equivalent. For example, BigY from FTDNA test reveals the maximum possible amount about yDNA, but Y Elite from FGC is superior because it will also tell the information about mtDNA for almost the same price.
Please take into the account that you not obliged to order all tests from the same company. You could order atDNA test from different vendors like 23andMe, FTDNA and others. It will give you access to databases of matches of every commercial lab. And you always can upload your data to free database because you will have access to RAW data of test. |
14,011 | I've been doing genealogy for quite a while, but am new to DNA, having purchased six tests for Christmas. Not all results are in yet, but I have a few good matches. I'd like to get four more kits in the next year, but my wife and I have lots of relatives, and I'm not sure who to test next.
I've created a chart to show the DNA resources (living relatives) available to us.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/DMJoQ.jpg)
My wife (3a) and I (2a) tested at AncestryDNA, and have twelve living aunts and uncles, ages 75 to 90. They all have living cousins, although their numbers are dwindling.
My mother (5a) and my wife's father (6a) are also at Ancestry, and my wife's mother (7a) is at FamilyTreeDNA, because we didn't think she could do the spit test. I have one FamilyTreeDNA kit left over. My cousin (5c1) tested herself at 23andMe, but I have no presence there, yet.
The experts are preaching to test everyone, everywhere, with every test. I'd rather be more frugal, and am only doing autosomal tests for now. I'd like the option to do mtDNA and Y-DNA in the future.
I can add two more generations to the chart before hitting any trouble areas, mainly:
Ancestor 9 (paternal line),
Ancestor 10 (all lines, but have DNA leads on maternal line),
Ancestor 11 (maternal line),
Ancestor 12 (paternal line),
Ancestor 14 (maternal line),
Ancestor 15 (all lines)
My goals:
Confirm paper genealogy.
Find 3rd/4th cousins to trade stories/photos.
Find distant cousins to break through brick walls.
Map Chromosomes and traits of individual ancestors.
Preserve DNA data for future generations.
My questions:
1. I've considered testing myself at all three big companies (Ancestry, FamilyTree, 23andMe). Is it better, worse, or the same if I test myself (2a) at Ancestry, my sister (2b) at 23andMe, and my brother (2c) at FamilyTree?
2. Would aunts and uncles be better than siblings in question 1?
3. I'd like to recreate a partial DNA profile for my deceased father (4a) using my siblings. Is there a benefit in that to our (hopefully) ongoing genetic genealogy, or am I being sentimental? He has three living brothers.
4. Experts say to test your oldest relatives first. The thought being that eventually you'll test everyone, and maybe I will. But being old doesn't make you best choice. If you could test only four people on the chart for atDNA, who would it be, where would they test, and why?
5. Who would be runner-up in fifth place?
UPDATE: I've come a long way in the last 6 months. Here is my family's latest denagram, showing who's been DNA tested. Thanks for all the help!
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/S1vnR.jpg) | 2018/03/08 | [
"https://genealogy.stackexchange.com/questions/14011",
"https://genealogy.stackexchange.com",
"https://genealogy.stackexchange.com/users/285/"
] | I think you just posted that question to make all other genealogists envious of what you have to work with. :-)
But seriously, yes, there are some things you should do and do as soon as possible (i.e. before the candidates are no longer here).
Seeing your goals, I would suggest you work towards trying to get sets of three siblings tested at your parents level. The reason for this is that once you have 3 siblings, you can do what's called Visual Phasing. [Blaine Bettinger has a great guide to this](https://thegeneticgenealogist.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Visual-Phasing-Bettinger.pdf).
What Visual Phasing can do is assign the DNA of three sibling to each of their grandparents. If you do it with a parent and two aunts/uncles, then you will get chromosome maps of your 4 great-grandparents on that parent's side. (The rest of us are drooling right now).
Since your father has passed away, you should get his 3 brothers tested.
You've tested your mother. You've tested her niece, but not her sister, and her two brothers are reluctant. You should try to get two of her siblings if possible. Using her niece and getting her sister and nephew might allow you to map some or even most of your mother's grandparents, but it would be more difficult and require customized work.
On your wife's side, both her parents have 3 siblings and you should choose 2 of her father's siblings and 2 of her mother's siblings.
That's a total of 3 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 9 tests. If that's more than you want to do, you can prioritize them, but remember that if they pass away, you won't get the chance.
If you are interested in future Y-DNA or mtDNA analysis, then Family Tree DNA is the best. But you only need one male on each of your 2 sides and your wife's 2 sides to test there. You can do both tests with the male sample.
You might want the other uncles and aunts you test to be at Ancestry DNA, just because they have the biggest pool of possible relatives. You can later transfer the raw data for them to Family Tree DNA and MyHeritage DNA and Living DNA for free to take advantage of those pools. Whereas, you cannot transfer raw data to Ancestry DNA from other companies.
But for the purposes of Visual Phasing, don't test them at 23andMe. 23andMe use the V5 chip, which I'll explain in the next paragraph.
Once you have 3 parent/aunt/uncle combinations for your father, mother and your wife's father and mother all tested at Family Tree DNA and MyHeritage DNA, then you can transfer their raw data all up to GEDmatch.com for free. That is the site where you do the Visual Phasing from as Blaine Bettinger describes. Currently at GEDmatch, they are only experimenting with the V5 chip, so uploads from that chip (23andMe and Living DNA) are kept in a separate work area that cannot currently be compared to DNA of the other companies.
Now, with respect to this workflow I propose, I'll answer your questions.
1. Don't bother testing yourself at other companies. Instead, just transfer your raw data to Family Tree DNA, My Heritage DNA, Living DNA and GEDmatch for free. Another test at a different company will not give you enough extra to make it worthwhile over a transfer. If you test siblings, you will get different cousin matches. You might choose to test them also at Ancestry DNA, or at different companies and transfer them everywhere else. You won't be able to transfer them to Ancestry DNA, but Ancestry DNA doesn't provide good tools for you to use anyway.
2. Yes! Aunts and uncles are much better than siblings. With siblings you can only map your grandparents' segments. With aunts and uncles, you can map your great-grandparents' segments. People who don't have any parents or aunts or uncles living don't have a choice, and getting siblings tested is what we unfortunates have to do. You don't need to.
3. If you are successful using Visual Phasing from your father's 3 brothers to map their grandparents segments, then you really have everything you need. No, you won't know all of which parts of your dad's DNA he got from his grandparents, but from all this information, you'll be able to determine exactly what he passed down to you and what your mom passed down to you. If you want to determine the rest of your dad's DNA, then as you say, you could test your two siblings and do the Visual Phasing with them but now you're talking about moving from a 4-star hotel to a 5-star hotel.
4. If I had only 4 people to test, I would choose your father's 3 brothers to nail down his side, especially since he is gone and you have no one else close who tested on his side. The 4th would be tough because you only have 1 sibling tested on each of the other sides and you can't get up to 3 with just one more. I'd probably take one who is not well and may be gone in a few years. In my case, I tested my uncle last year with his permission when he was 93 and he passed away 6 months later. Other than losing them, the real reason why they say to test the oldest first is you want to start a generation farther back. The extra generation means that they will on average match twice as much to each relative as the next generation will.
5. If you get a 5th, then pick the aunt or uncle that gives you 3 siblings.
Visual Phasing is tricky, but I'm sure you'll get the hang of it. I wish I was in your boat. | I'm going to write a more simplified and generic answer about the process of answering the question, for people who have similar problems.
You list your goals as follows:
>
> Confirm paper genealogy. Find 3rd/4th cousins to trade stories/photos. Find distant cousins to break through brick walls. Map Chromosomes and traits of individual ancestors. Preserve DNA data for future generations.
>
>
>
You don't have these goals ranked by priority. Doing that, and thinking about each one specifically, may help clarify which people you want to test in the future, and which ones you want to test *right now*.
For instance -- one goal is to **preserve DNA data for future generations** but that is broad, and gives you a reason to test everyone. It's important when you consider the terms and conditions of a specific testing company, e.g. how long might they store the samples of deceased relatives?
But if you want to consider preserving data **and** answering specific questions/confirming your paper trail in combination, the crucial point is [this one](https://genealogy.stackexchange.com/a/14012/1006):
>
> Other than losing them, the real reason why they say to test the oldest first is you want to start a generation farther back. The extra generation means that they will on average match twice as much to each relative as the next generation will.
>
>
>
As previously discussed, to meet the goal **Map Chromosomes and traits of individual ancestors.** you could transfer AncestryDNA results to other companies or services such as GEDmatch which offer you a chromosome browser. To answer questions about specific traits, you could use [Promethease](https://www.snpedia.com/index.php/Promethease)
To decide where to use the remaining kit from **FamilyTreeDNA** -- I'm assuming this is their Family Finder (autosomal) test -- you could use the same reasoning as before (hold it in reserve for someone who can't take a spit test), or choose for another reason, like wanting to use their specific tools for a particular individual.
Roberta Estes' posts [Which DNA Test is Best?](https://dna-explained.com/2017/04/24/which-dna-test-is-best/) from April 24, 2017 gives a snapshot of what tools were available at the time her post was written. When reading her post, or any other review (including our answers), it's crucial to keep in mind **when** the piece was written, since the DNA testing company 'landscape' is changing all the time. For instance as of April 2017 when Estes wrote her post, MyHeritage did not have a chromosome browser, but they have one now -- it was announced at RootsTech 2018.
To meet your goals **Find 3rd/4th cousins to trade stories/photos. Find distant cousins to break through brick walls.**, you want to get yourself into as many testing pools as possible. Transferring test kits when possible is likely to be cheaper, and gives you a consistent data set across the platforms.
Answering the question of whether an individual should take tests from more than one company depends on what SNPs are tested at each company, and how much you want the data from that specific test. The additional information you might gain that way will be small and may not be cost-effective for your needs.
Just as any other question here, you can get better answers for yourself by narrowing down the question and making it more specific.
I highly recommend looking at the case studies of other genealogists who have combined paper trail genealogy and DNA, so you can see how they work. You can take a look at the DNA sessions from RootsTech by checking the [2018 Schedule](http://app.core-apps.com/rootstech2018/events/search?utf8=%E2%9C%93&search=DNA) and the [RootsTech 2018 videos](https://www.rootstech.org/rootstech-2018-videos). Many genealogical societies have webinar series which offer free access to the public during the live broadcast -- you can find them by looking at the [Geneawebinars calendar](http://blog.geneawebinars.com/p/calendar.html) or other calendars of genealogy events.
[Legacy Family Tree Webinars](https://familytreewebinars.com/dna) are available by subscription or by purchasing digital downloads of individual webinars. Each new webinar is free to the public for the initial broadcast, and the recording is free for the first seven days. Their webinar library includes a basic Foundations course of five webinars by Blaine Bettinger. They host the BCG webinars, and since the purchase of Legacy by MyHeritage, a series of webinars sponsored by MyHeritage. Usually the handouts for the webinars are members only, but check the BCG webinars in case the syllabus can be downloaded for free.
Of particular interest:
* [Formulating a DNA Testing Plan](https://familytreewebinars.com/webinar_details.php?webinar_id=720) by Blaine Bettinger, scheduled for Wednesday, March 28, 2018. He plans to talk about how to minimize costs while maximizing results.
* [The Family DNA Project](https://familytreewebinars.com/webinar_details.php?webinar_id=707) by Nicka Smith, scheduled for Friday, June 08, 2018, on creating and managing a DNA project for your family.
* [Better Together: Making Your Case with Documents and DNA](https://familytreewebinars.com/webinar_details.php?webinar_id=771) by Patti Lee Hobbs, CG, a BCG webinar scheduled for Tuesday, April 17, 2018, will talk about combining DNA evidence with the paper trail.
* [Systematically Using Autosomal DNA Test Results to Help Break Through Genealogical Brick Walls](https://familytreewebinars.com/download.php?webinar_id=674) by Tom Jones, PhD, CG, CGL, a BCG webinar presented on October 6, 2017, discusses a case study from the early 1800s.
* [Avoiding Genetic Genealogy Pitfalls](https://familytreewebinars.com/download.php?webinar_id=642) by Blaine Bettinger, presented on July 17, 2017, discussed the problems of not testing close relatives.
* [MAXY DNA: Correlating mt-at-X-Y DNA with the GPS](https://familytreewebinars.com/download.php?webinar_id=570) by Debbie Parker Wayne, CG, CGL, a BCG Webinar presented May 16, 2017, talks about correlating data from all the different test types with your paper trail research.
* [Weaving DNA Test Results into a Proof Argument](https://familytreewebinars.com/download.php?webinar_id=577) by Karen Stanbary, CG, a BCG webinar presented February 21, 2017, shows how to combine autosomal test results with paper trail research.
* [FAN + GPS + DNA: The Problem-Solver's Great Trifecta](https://familytreewebinars.com/download.php?webinar_id=501) by Elizabeth Shown Mills, a BCG webinar presented October 7, 2016, shows how to combine DNA results and the study of friends, associates, and neighbors.
Seeing the kinds of problems the professionals solve using DNA, and how they formulate a testing plan, is a huge help when you're struggling with making a testing plan of your own. |
14,011 | I've been doing genealogy for quite a while, but am new to DNA, having purchased six tests for Christmas. Not all results are in yet, but I have a few good matches. I'd like to get four more kits in the next year, but my wife and I have lots of relatives, and I'm not sure who to test next.
I've created a chart to show the DNA resources (living relatives) available to us.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/DMJoQ.jpg)
My wife (3a) and I (2a) tested at AncestryDNA, and have twelve living aunts and uncles, ages 75 to 90. They all have living cousins, although their numbers are dwindling.
My mother (5a) and my wife's father (6a) are also at Ancestry, and my wife's mother (7a) is at FamilyTreeDNA, because we didn't think she could do the spit test. I have one FamilyTreeDNA kit left over. My cousin (5c1) tested herself at 23andMe, but I have no presence there, yet.
The experts are preaching to test everyone, everywhere, with every test. I'd rather be more frugal, and am only doing autosomal tests for now. I'd like the option to do mtDNA and Y-DNA in the future.
I can add two more generations to the chart before hitting any trouble areas, mainly:
Ancestor 9 (paternal line),
Ancestor 10 (all lines, but have DNA leads on maternal line),
Ancestor 11 (maternal line),
Ancestor 12 (paternal line),
Ancestor 14 (maternal line),
Ancestor 15 (all lines)
My goals:
Confirm paper genealogy.
Find 3rd/4th cousins to trade stories/photos.
Find distant cousins to break through brick walls.
Map Chromosomes and traits of individual ancestors.
Preserve DNA data for future generations.
My questions:
1. I've considered testing myself at all three big companies (Ancestry, FamilyTree, 23andMe). Is it better, worse, or the same if I test myself (2a) at Ancestry, my sister (2b) at 23andMe, and my brother (2c) at FamilyTree?
2. Would aunts and uncles be better than siblings in question 1?
3. I'd like to recreate a partial DNA profile for my deceased father (4a) using my siblings. Is there a benefit in that to our (hopefully) ongoing genetic genealogy, or am I being sentimental? He has three living brothers.
4. Experts say to test your oldest relatives first. The thought being that eventually you'll test everyone, and maybe I will. But being old doesn't make you best choice. If you could test only four people on the chart for atDNA, who would it be, where would they test, and why?
5. Who would be runner-up in fifth place?
UPDATE: I've come a long way in the last 6 months. Here is my family's latest denagram, showing who's been DNA tested. Thanks for all the help!
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/S1vnR.jpg) | 2018/03/08 | [
"https://genealogy.stackexchange.com/questions/14011",
"https://genealogy.stackexchange.com",
"https://genealogy.stackexchange.com/users/285/"
] | I think you just posted that question to make all other genealogists envious of what you have to work with. :-)
But seriously, yes, there are some things you should do and do as soon as possible (i.e. before the candidates are no longer here).
Seeing your goals, I would suggest you work towards trying to get sets of three siblings tested at your parents level. The reason for this is that once you have 3 siblings, you can do what's called Visual Phasing. [Blaine Bettinger has a great guide to this](https://thegeneticgenealogist.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Visual-Phasing-Bettinger.pdf).
What Visual Phasing can do is assign the DNA of three sibling to each of their grandparents. If you do it with a parent and two aunts/uncles, then you will get chromosome maps of your 4 great-grandparents on that parent's side. (The rest of us are drooling right now).
Since your father has passed away, you should get his 3 brothers tested.
You've tested your mother. You've tested her niece, but not her sister, and her two brothers are reluctant. You should try to get two of her siblings if possible. Using her niece and getting her sister and nephew might allow you to map some or even most of your mother's grandparents, but it would be more difficult and require customized work.
On your wife's side, both her parents have 3 siblings and you should choose 2 of her father's siblings and 2 of her mother's siblings.
That's a total of 3 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 9 tests. If that's more than you want to do, you can prioritize them, but remember that if they pass away, you won't get the chance.
If you are interested in future Y-DNA or mtDNA analysis, then Family Tree DNA is the best. But you only need one male on each of your 2 sides and your wife's 2 sides to test there. You can do both tests with the male sample.
You might want the other uncles and aunts you test to be at Ancestry DNA, just because they have the biggest pool of possible relatives. You can later transfer the raw data for them to Family Tree DNA and MyHeritage DNA and Living DNA for free to take advantage of those pools. Whereas, you cannot transfer raw data to Ancestry DNA from other companies.
But for the purposes of Visual Phasing, don't test them at 23andMe. 23andMe use the V5 chip, which I'll explain in the next paragraph.
Once you have 3 parent/aunt/uncle combinations for your father, mother and your wife's father and mother all tested at Family Tree DNA and MyHeritage DNA, then you can transfer their raw data all up to GEDmatch.com for free. That is the site where you do the Visual Phasing from as Blaine Bettinger describes. Currently at GEDmatch, they are only experimenting with the V5 chip, so uploads from that chip (23andMe and Living DNA) are kept in a separate work area that cannot currently be compared to DNA of the other companies.
Now, with respect to this workflow I propose, I'll answer your questions.
1. Don't bother testing yourself at other companies. Instead, just transfer your raw data to Family Tree DNA, My Heritage DNA, Living DNA and GEDmatch for free. Another test at a different company will not give you enough extra to make it worthwhile over a transfer. If you test siblings, you will get different cousin matches. You might choose to test them also at Ancestry DNA, or at different companies and transfer them everywhere else. You won't be able to transfer them to Ancestry DNA, but Ancestry DNA doesn't provide good tools for you to use anyway.
2. Yes! Aunts and uncles are much better than siblings. With siblings you can only map your grandparents' segments. With aunts and uncles, you can map your great-grandparents' segments. People who don't have any parents or aunts or uncles living don't have a choice, and getting siblings tested is what we unfortunates have to do. You don't need to.
3. If you are successful using Visual Phasing from your father's 3 brothers to map their grandparents segments, then you really have everything you need. No, you won't know all of which parts of your dad's DNA he got from his grandparents, but from all this information, you'll be able to determine exactly what he passed down to you and what your mom passed down to you. If you want to determine the rest of your dad's DNA, then as you say, you could test your two siblings and do the Visual Phasing with them but now you're talking about moving from a 4-star hotel to a 5-star hotel.
4. If I had only 4 people to test, I would choose your father's 3 brothers to nail down his side, especially since he is gone and you have no one else close who tested on his side. The 4th would be tough because you only have 1 sibling tested on each of the other sides and you can't get up to 3 with just one more. I'd probably take one who is not well and may be gone in a few years. In my case, I tested my uncle last year with his permission when he was 93 and he passed away 6 months later. Other than losing them, the real reason why they say to test the oldest first is you want to start a generation farther back. The extra generation means that they will on average match twice as much to each relative as the next generation will.
5. If you get a 5th, then pick the aunt or uncle that gives you 3 siblings.
Visual Phasing is tricky, but I'm sure you'll get the hang of it. I wish I was in your boat. | I just wanted to clarify that "oldest living" means "members of the oldest living generation", rather than "oldest living individuals", since the closer the samples are to the ancestors, the better the cousin matches. I assume that's understood, but with all the repetitions of "oldest living", I wasn't sure.
From this tree, with 4 kits, I would autosomal test 2 people from the 4b-4d group (to get 2 from that generation), plus 6c and 7b (who already each have a tested sibling). I have a preference for testing female relatives, as autosomal tests include X chromosomes but not Y, so female samples get a bit more results there.
My own y-DNA testing experience has been mixed, so I'm personally not big on them, but other folks' mileage may vary.
Testing with different vendors is intriguing - I've mostly been frustrated that I can't easily compare matches across vendor platforms (unless I can convince everyone involved to use GEDmatch, which is not typical). I'm partial to AncestryDNA despite their lack of tools, just because their sample pool is so much larger than the others.
As I presume everybody already knows, raw DNA data from AncestryDNA and 23AndMe can be uploaded to both FamilyTreeDNA and MyHeritage. Last I knew, FamilyTreeDNA charged $20 to get the full benefit of an uploaded sample (still much less than the cost of their kits), while MyHeritage does it for free. I suspect that if 23AndMe offered an option comparable to FamilyTreeDNA's, they'd triple the size of their database in short order. |
14,011 | I've been doing genealogy for quite a while, but am new to DNA, having purchased six tests for Christmas. Not all results are in yet, but I have a few good matches. I'd like to get four more kits in the next year, but my wife and I have lots of relatives, and I'm not sure who to test next.
I've created a chart to show the DNA resources (living relatives) available to us.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/DMJoQ.jpg)
My wife (3a) and I (2a) tested at AncestryDNA, and have twelve living aunts and uncles, ages 75 to 90. They all have living cousins, although their numbers are dwindling.
My mother (5a) and my wife's father (6a) are also at Ancestry, and my wife's mother (7a) is at FamilyTreeDNA, because we didn't think she could do the spit test. I have one FamilyTreeDNA kit left over. My cousin (5c1) tested herself at 23andMe, but I have no presence there, yet.
The experts are preaching to test everyone, everywhere, with every test. I'd rather be more frugal, and am only doing autosomal tests for now. I'd like the option to do mtDNA and Y-DNA in the future.
I can add two more generations to the chart before hitting any trouble areas, mainly:
Ancestor 9 (paternal line),
Ancestor 10 (all lines, but have DNA leads on maternal line),
Ancestor 11 (maternal line),
Ancestor 12 (paternal line),
Ancestor 14 (maternal line),
Ancestor 15 (all lines)
My goals:
Confirm paper genealogy.
Find 3rd/4th cousins to trade stories/photos.
Find distant cousins to break through brick walls.
Map Chromosomes and traits of individual ancestors.
Preserve DNA data for future generations.
My questions:
1. I've considered testing myself at all three big companies (Ancestry, FamilyTree, 23andMe). Is it better, worse, or the same if I test myself (2a) at Ancestry, my sister (2b) at 23andMe, and my brother (2c) at FamilyTree?
2. Would aunts and uncles be better than siblings in question 1?
3. I'd like to recreate a partial DNA profile for my deceased father (4a) using my siblings. Is there a benefit in that to our (hopefully) ongoing genetic genealogy, or am I being sentimental? He has three living brothers.
4. Experts say to test your oldest relatives first. The thought being that eventually you'll test everyone, and maybe I will. But being old doesn't make you best choice. If you could test only four people on the chart for atDNA, who would it be, where would they test, and why?
5. Who would be runner-up in fifth place?
UPDATE: I've come a long way in the last 6 months. Here is my family's latest denagram, showing who's been DNA tested. Thanks for all the help!
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/S1vnR.jpg) | 2018/03/08 | [
"https://genealogy.stackexchange.com/questions/14011",
"https://genealogy.stackexchange.com",
"https://genealogy.stackexchange.com/users/285/"
] | I'm going to write a more simplified and generic answer about the process of answering the question, for people who have similar problems.
You list your goals as follows:
>
> Confirm paper genealogy. Find 3rd/4th cousins to trade stories/photos. Find distant cousins to break through brick walls. Map Chromosomes and traits of individual ancestors. Preserve DNA data for future generations.
>
>
>
You don't have these goals ranked by priority. Doing that, and thinking about each one specifically, may help clarify which people you want to test in the future, and which ones you want to test *right now*.
For instance -- one goal is to **preserve DNA data for future generations** but that is broad, and gives you a reason to test everyone. It's important when you consider the terms and conditions of a specific testing company, e.g. how long might they store the samples of deceased relatives?
But if you want to consider preserving data **and** answering specific questions/confirming your paper trail in combination, the crucial point is [this one](https://genealogy.stackexchange.com/a/14012/1006):
>
> Other than losing them, the real reason why they say to test the oldest first is you want to start a generation farther back. The extra generation means that they will on average match twice as much to each relative as the next generation will.
>
>
>
As previously discussed, to meet the goal **Map Chromosomes and traits of individual ancestors.** you could transfer AncestryDNA results to other companies or services such as GEDmatch which offer you a chromosome browser. To answer questions about specific traits, you could use [Promethease](https://www.snpedia.com/index.php/Promethease)
To decide where to use the remaining kit from **FamilyTreeDNA** -- I'm assuming this is their Family Finder (autosomal) test -- you could use the same reasoning as before (hold it in reserve for someone who can't take a spit test), or choose for another reason, like wanting to use their specific tools for a particular individual.
Roberta Estes' posts [Which DNA Test is Best?](https://dna-explained.com/2017/04/24/which-dna-test-is-best/) from April 24, 2017 gives a snapshot of what tools were available at the time her post was written. When reading her post, or any other review (including our answers), it's crucial to keep in mind **when** the piece was written, since the DNA testing company 'landscape' is changing all the time. For instance as of April 2017 when Estes wrote her post, MyHeritage did not have a chromosome browser, but they have one now -- it was announced at RootsTech 2018.
To meet your goals **Find 3rd/4th cousins to trade stories/photos. Find distant cousins to break through brick walls.**, you want to get yourself into as many testing pools as possible. Transferring test kits when possible is likely to be cheaper, and gives you a consistent data set across the platforms.
Answering the question of whether an individual should take tests from more than one company depends on what SNPs are tested at each company, and how much you want the data from that specific test. The additional information you might gain that way will be small and may not be cost-effective for your needs.
Just as any other question here, you can get better answers for yourself by narrowing down the question and making it more specific.
I highly recommend looking at the case studies of other genealogists who have combined paper trail genealogy and DNA, so you can see how they work. You can take a look at the DNA sessions from RootsTech by checking the [2018 Schedule](http://app.core-apps.com/rootstech2018/events/search?utf8=%E2%9C%93&search=DNA) and the [RootsTech 2018 videos](https://www.rootstech.org/rootstech-2018-videos). Many genealogical societies have webinar series which offer free access to the public during the live broadcast -- you can find them by looking at the [Geneawebinars calendar](http://blog.geneawebinars.com/p/calendar.html) or other calendars of genealogy events.
[Legacy Family Tree Webinars](https://familytreewebinars.com/dna) are available by subscription or by purchasing digital downloads of individual webinars. Each new webinar is free to the public for the initial broadcast, and the recording is free for the first seven days. Their webinar library includes a basic Foundations course of five webinars by Blaine Bettinger. They host the BCG webinars, and since the purchase of Legacy by MyHeritage, a series of webinars sponsored by MyHeritage. Usually the handouts for the webinars are members only, but check the BCG webinars in case the syllabus can be downloaded for free.
Of particular interest:
* [Formulating a DNA Testing Plan](https://familytreewebinars.com/webinar_details.php?webinar_id=720) by Blaine Bettinger, scheduled for Wednesday, March 28, 2018. He plans to talk about how to minimize costs while maximizing results.
* [The Family DNA Project](https://familytreewebinars.com/webinar_details.php?webinar_id=707) by Nicka Smith, scheduled for Friday, June 08, 2018, on creating and managing a DNA project for your family.
* [Better Together: Making Your Case with Documents and DNA](https://familytreewebinars.com/webinar_details.php?webinar_id=771) by Patti Lee Hobbs, CG, a BCG webinar scheduled for Tuesday, April 17, 2018, will talk about combining DNA evidence with the paper trail.
* [Systematically Using Autosomal DNA Test Results to Help Break Through Genealogical Brick Walls](https://familytreewebinars.com/download.php?webinar_id=674) by Tom Jones, PhD, CG, CGL, a BCG webinar presented on October 6, 2017, discusses a case study from the early 1800s.
* [Avoiding Genetic Genealogy Pitfalls](https://familytreewebinars.com/download.php?webinar_id=642) by Blaine Bettinger, presented on July 17, 2017, discussed the problems of not testing close relatives.
* [MAXY DNA: Correlating mt-at-X-Y DNA with the GPS](https://familytreewebinars.com/download.php?webinar_id=570) by Debbie Parker Wayne, CG, CGL, a BCG Webinar presented May 16, 2017, talks about correlating data from all the different test types with your paper trail research.
* [Weaving DNA Test Results into a Proof Argument](https://familytreewebinars.com/download.php?webinar_id=577) by Karen Stanbary, CG, a BCG webinar presented February 21, 2017, shows how to combine autosomal test results with paper trail research.
* [FAN + GPS + DNA: The Problem-Solver's Great Trifecta](https://familytreewebinars.com/download.php?webinar_id=501) by Elizabeth Shown Mills, a BCG webinar presented October 7, 2016, shows how to combine DNA results and the study of friends, associates, and neighbors.
Seeing the kinds of problems the professionals solve using DNA, and how they formulate a testing plan, is a huge help when you're struggling with making a testing plan of your own. | It is difficult question. Unfortunately, there is no general solution. Of course the ideal choice is to test everybody with WGS (whole genome sequencing) test. It will reveal the maximum amount of information about your family. There are only two drawbacks: it is very expensive and with WGS test you will be able to match other users only with free (or almost free) databases like GEDMATCH, YFull and so on.
So the second option is try to narrow the number of necessary tests. The full information about your family is
* yDNA of all your direct paternal lines (1a-8 + 5d1-10 + 3c-3e-12 + 7b-7d-14 - total 4 lines)
* mtDNA of all your direct maternal lines (9 + 2b-11 + 1b-15 + 6b-13 - total 4 lines)
* autosomal DNA for the eldest alive persons (please don't ask why)
You should decide if you would like to test for yDNA-mtDNA and atDNA the same persons, or test different people for different types of DNA (it gives you more agility in future, because, for example, with FT-DNA you could upgrade your tests).
Also if you want to confirm the relationship between son and father (or daughter and mother) you are strictly forced to buy atDNA (or WGS) test for both, because of possibility of NPE (non parental event).
Another idea is that some tests are equivalent. For example, BigY from FTDNA test reveals the maximum possible amount about yDNA, but Y Elite from FGC is superior because it will also tell the information about mtDNA for almost the same price.
Please take into the account that you not obliged to order all tests from the same company. You could order atDNA test from different vendors like 23andMe, FTDNA and others. It will give you access to databases of matches of every commercial lab. And you always can upload your data to free database because you will have access to RAW data of test. |
14,011 | I've been doing genealogy for quite a while, but am new to DNA, having purchased six tests for Christmas. Not all results are in yet, but I have a few good matches. I'd like to get four more kits in the next year, but my wife and I have lots of relatives, and I'm not sure who to test next.
I've created a chart to show the DNA resources (living relatives) available to us.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/DMJoQ.jpg)
My wife (3a) and I (2a) tested at AncestryDNA, and have twelve living aunts and uncles, ages 75 to 90. They all have living cousins, although their numbers are dwindling.
My mother (5a) and my wife's father (6a) are also at Ancestry, and my wife's mother (7a) is at FamilyTreeDNA, because we didn't think she could do the spit test. I have one FamilyTreeDNA kit left over. My cousin (5c1) tested herself at 23andMe, but I have no presence there, yet.
The experts are preaching to test everyone, everywhere, with every test. I'd rather be more frugal, and am only doing autosomal tests for now. I'd like the option to do mtDNA and Y-DNA in the future.
I can add two more generations to the chart before hitting any trouble areas, mainly:
Ancestor 9 (paternal line),
Ancestor 10 (all lines, but have DNA leads on maternal line),
Ancestor 11 (maternal line),
Ancestor 12 (paternal line),
Ancestor 14 (maternal line),
Ancestor 15 (all lines)
My goals:
Confirm paper genealogy.
Find 3rd/4th cousins to trade stories/photos.
Find distant cousins to break through brick walls.
Map Chromosomes and traits of individual ancestors.
Preserve DNA data for future generations.
My questions:
1. I've considered testing myself at all three big companies (Ancestry, FamilyTree, 23andMe). Is it better, worse, or the same if I test myself (2a) at Ancestry, my sister (2b) at 23andMe, and my brother (2c) at FamilyTree?
2. Would aunts and uncles be better than siblings in question 1?
3. I'd like to recreate a partial DNA profile for my deceased father (4a) using my siblings. Is there a benefit in that to our (hopefully) ongoing genetic genealogy, or am I being sentimental? He has three living brothers.
4. Experts say to test your oldest relatives first. The thought being that eventually you'll test everyone, and maybe I will. But being old doesn't make you best choice. If you could test only four people on the chart for atDNA, who would it be, where would they test, and why?
5. Who would be runner-up in fifth place?
UPDATE: I've come a long way in the last 6 months. Here is my family's latest denagram, showing who's been DNA tested. Thanks for all the help!
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/S1vnR.jpg) | 2018/03/08 | [
"https://genealogy.stackexchange.com/questions/14011",
"https://genealogy.stackexchange.com",
"https://genealogy.stackexchange.com/users/285/"
] | I'm going to write a more simplified and generic answer about the process of answering the question, for people who have similar problems.
You list your goals as follows:
>
> Confirm paper genealogy. Find 3rd/4th cousins to trade stories/photos. Find distant cousins to break through brick walls. Map Chromosomes and traits of individual ancestors. Preserve DNA data for future generations.
>
>
>
You don't have these goals ranked by priority. Doing that, and thinking about each one specifically, may help clarify which people you want to test in the future, and which ones you want to test *right now*.
For instance -- one goal is to **preserve DNA data for future generations** but that is broad, and gives you a reason to test everyone. It's important when you consider the terms and conditions of a specific testing company, e.g. how long might they store the samples of deceased relatives?
But if you want to consider preserving data **and** answering specific questions/confirming your paper trail in combination, the crucial point is [this one](https://genealogy.stackexchange.com/a/14012/1006):
>
> Other than losing them, the real reason why they say to test the oldest first is you want to start a generation farther back. The extra generation means that they will on average match twice as much to each relative as the next generation will.
>
>
>
As previously discussed, to meet the goal **Map Chromosomes and traits of individual ancestors.** you could transfer AncestryDNA results to other companies or services such as GEDmatch which offer you a chromosome browser. To answer questions about specific traits, you could use [Promethease](https://www.snpedia.com/index.php/Promethease)
To decide where to use the remaining kit from **FamilyTreeDNA** -- I'm assuming this is their Family Finder (autosomal) test -- you could use the same reasoning as before (hold it in reserve for someone who can't take a spit test), or choose for another reason, like wanting to use their specific tools for a particular individual.
Roberta Estes' posts [Which DNA Test is Best?](https://dna-explained.com/2017/04/24/which-dna-test-is-best/) from April 24, 2017 gives a snapshot of what tools were available at the time her post was written. When reading her post, or any other review (including our answers), it's crucial to keep in mind **when** the piece was written, since the DNA testing company 'landscape' is changing all the time. For instance as of April 2017 when Estes wrote her post, MyHeritage did not have a chromosome browser, but they have one now -- it was announced at RootsTech 2018.
To meet your goals **Find 3rd/4th cousins to trade stories/photos. Find distant cousins to break through brick walls.**, you want to get yourself into as many testing pools as possible. Transferring test kits when possible is likely to be cheaper, and gives you a consistent data set across the platforms.
Answering the question of whether an individual should take tests from more than one company depends on what SNPs are tested at each company, and how much you want the data from that specific test. The additional information you might gain that way will be small and may not be cost-effective for your needs.
Just as any other question here, you can get better answers for yourself by narrowing down the question and making it more specific.
I highly recommend looking at the case studies of other genealogists who have combined paper trail genealogy and DNA, so you can see how they work. You can take a look at the DNA sessions from RootsTech by checking the [2018 Schedule](http://app.core-apps.com/rootstech2018/events/search?utf8=%E2%9C%93&search=DNA) and the [RootsTech 2018 videos](https://www.rootstech.org/rootstech-2018-videos). Many genealogical societies have webinar series which offer free access to the public during the live broadcast -- you can find them by looking at the [Geneawebinars calendar](http://blog.geneawebinars.com/p/calendar.html) or other calendars of genealogy events.
[Legacy Family Tree Webinars](https://familytreewebinars.com/dna) are available by subscription or by purchasing digital downloads of individual webinars. Each new webinar is free to the public for the initial broadcast, and the recording is free for the first seven days. Their webinar library includes a basic Foundations course of five webinars by Blaine Bettinger. They host the BCG webinars, and since the purchase of Legacy by MyHeritage, a series of webinars sponsored by MyHeritage. Usually the handouts for the webinars are members only, but check the BCG webinars in case the syllabus can be downloaded for free.
Of particular interest:
* [Formulating a DNA Testing Plan](https://familytreewebinars.com/webinar_details.php?webinar_id=720) by Blaine Bettinger, scheduled for Wednesday, March 28, 2018. He plans to talk about how to minimize costs while maximizing results.
* [The Family DNA Project](https://familytreewebinars.com/webinar_details.php?webinar_id=707) by Nicka Smith, scheduled for Friday, June 08, 2018, on creating and managing a DNA project for your family.
* [Better Together: Making Your Case with Documents and DNA](https://familytreewebinars.com/webinar_details.php?webinar_id=771) by Patti Lee Hobbs, CG, a BCG webinar scheduled for Tuesday, April 17, 2018, will talk about combining DNA evidence with the paper trail.
* [Systematically Using Autosomal DNA Test Results to Help Break Through Genealogical Brick Walls](https://familytreewebinars.com/download.php?webinar_id=674) by Tom Jones, PhD, CG, CGL, a BCG webinar presented on October 6, 2017, discusses a case study from the early 1800s.
* [Avoiding Genetic Genealogy Pitfalls](https://familytreewebinars.com/download.php?webinar_id=642) by Blaine Bettinger, presented on July 17, 2017, discussed the problems of not testing close relatives.
* [MAXY DNA: Correlating mt-at-X-Y DNA with the GPS](https://familytreewebinars.com/download.php?webinar_id=570) by Debbie Parker Wayne, CG, CGL, a BCG Webinar presented May 16, 2017, talks about correlating data from all the different test types with your paper trail research.
* [Weaving DNA Test Results into a Proof Argument](https://familytreewebinars.com/download.php?webinar_id=577) by Karen Stanbary, CG, a BCG webinar presented February 21, 2017, shows how to combine autosomal test results with paper trail research.
* [FAN + GPS + DNA: The Problem-Solver's Great Trifecta](https://familytreewebinars.com/download.php?webinar_id=501) by Elizabeth Shown Mills, a BCG webinar presented October 7, 2016, shows how to combine DNA results and the study of friends, associates, and neighbors.
Seeing the kinds of problems the professionals solve using DNA, and how they formulate a testing plan, is a huge help when you're struggling with making a testing plan of your own. | I just wanted to clarify that "oldest living" means "members of the oldest living generation", rather than "oldest living individuals", since the closer the samples are to the ancestors, the better the cousin matches. I assume that's understood, but with all the repetitions of "oldest living", I wasn't sure.
From this tree, with 4 kits, I would autosomal test 2 people from the 4b-4d group (to get 2 from that generation), plus 6c and 7b (who already each have a tested sibling). I have a preference for testing female relatives, as autosomal tests include X chromosomes but not Y, so female samples get a bit more results there.
My own y-DNA testing experience has been mixed, so I'm personally not big on them, but other folks' mileage may vary.
Testing with different vendors is intriguing - I've mostly been frustrated that I can't easily compare matches across vendor platforms (unless I can convince everyone involved to use GEDmatch, which is not typical). I'm partial to AncestryDNA despite their lack of tools, just because their sample pool is so much larger than the others.
As I presume everybody already knows, raw DNA data from AncestryDNA and 23AndMe can be uploaded to both FamilyTreeDNA and MyHeritage. Last I knew, FamilyTreeDNA charged $20 to get the full benefit of an uploaded sample (still much less than the cost of their kits), while MyHeritage does it for free. I suspect that if 23AndMe offered an option comparable to FamilyTreeDNA's, they'd triple the size of their database in short order. |
340,552 | What about this idea:
* I've got a 4GB MySQL database, with few UPDATEs.
* On system startup I copy it to RAM and run it from there.
* Every couple of hours or even on UPDATES, I dump it to disk.
...as a kind-of poor-man's replacement for revisiting all code routines using the db and implementing memcached or similar. | 2011/12/13 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/340552",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/102280/"
] | Use the the MEMORY storage engine *on a read only slave* to do your reads from, is exactly what you *really* want and a sane setup. Forget "dumping it to disk" (?!) or other strange things.
You can even put the slave as another instance on your existing server if you can't afford to setup a dedicated slave, but properly tuning the MySQL parameters for mostly read workloads will bring a significant performance enhancement too! | use innodb engine for all your tables, in my.cnf set innodb\_buffer\_pool\_size to 2-3GB of ram, during startup run full table scan for all tables [or just mysqldump -A]. this should give you very decent read-only performance if you have good indices on all tables.
also if you go with this solution your code will be simpler - you'll not have to take care of sync'ing back from in-MEMORY tables back to myisam/on-disk tables. |
340,552 | What about this idea:
* I've got a 4GB MySQL database, with few UPDATEs.
* On system startup I copy it to RAM and run it from there.
* Every couple of hours or even on UPDATES, I dump it to disk.
...as a kind-of poor-man's replacement for revisiting all code routines using the db and implementing memcached or similar. | 2011/12/13 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/340552",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/102280/"
] | Use the the MEMORY storage engine *on a read only slave* to do your reads from, is exactly what you *really* want and a sane setup. Forget "dumping it to disk" (?!) or other strange things.
You can even put the slave as another instance on your existing server if you can't afford to setup a dedicated slave, but properly tuning the MySQL parameters for mostly read workloads will bring a significant performance enhancement too! | Shot in the dark, but are you actually experiencing performance issues first?
Second, if you're having performance issues, you're going to have to look at tuning. Tune the application (if you're the dev or have strangle-privileges on the devs) to use proper queries so you're not using huge JOINs and such.
Then look at database architecture. Making goofy workarounds will make it a bigger headache to manage later. The steps you take depends on your usage case. You might consider getting a beefy server to scale vertically, then put it behind a memcached server, and create a slave read-only for things like running reports and backups.
Don't take away RAM from the database to try a scheme that subverts good practice. There are blogs for high-performance database tuning available to give ideas and the StackOverflow podcast blog has stats on how this site runs (MS Stack); relatively heavy traffic, but not a complicated setup. |
28,513,126 | Give a linked list [unsorted], remove consecutive duplicate elements :
input :
1 2 3 5 5 6 6 3 2 7
output :
1 7
* after first iteration 3 and 3 become consecutive duplicate, and after 2nd iteration 2 and 2 become consecutive duplicates
Programming language is not a concern, java/c/c++, anything will do.
Using extra memory is not preferred, no extra stacks or queues, need to be done in one iteration. | 2015/02/14 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/28513126",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/4508553/"
] | I myself am working on a self-written OS two (over one year now). I have written a two-stage boot loader for FAT12/16 and FAT32 and there is a significant difference:
* On FAT12/16 it is quite easy to write a boot loader
* On FAT32 it is very difficult because a lot of things that are located in the first sector of the second stage in the FAT12/16 loader must already be in the boot sector for FAT32.
As far as I know even Windows either insists that the stage two file is one of the first files on the root directory (in this case less code in the boot sector is required) or some extra sectors with fixed sector numbers are used to "extend" the boot sector to a size > 512 bytes.
For an own operating system that should co-exist with other systems on the same disk both approaches won't work.
My boot loader works the following way:
It calculates the sector number of the first cluster. It contains a sub-routine that can read a sector by a given cluster number (they are 32-bit!) and a cluster-relative sector.
The first sector of the root directory (the cluster number is known) is read and searched for the file containing the stage two code. Then the second sector is read and so on.
When all sectors of a cluster are read then the FAT must be read to get the cluster number of the next cluster of the root directory. This is the part that is in the stage two code for FAT12/16 boot loaders but must be located in the boot sector itself for FAT32 boot loaders.
As soon as the directory entry is found you'll load the first sector of the first cluster of the stage two file. Loading the rest of the file can be done by code in the first sector of the stage two file!
When using INT 13h, function 42h (linear disk read supported by BIOSs newer than 1995) the 512 bytes of the boot sector are just enough if you use very short error messages only. Using INT 13h, function 2 (C/H/S disk read) I didn't manage to write a FAT32 boot sector because 512 bytes are just not enough. | Are you sure you need to write your own bootloader?
There are already plenty of x86 bootloaders available (Lilo, Grub, and Extlinux among others). They are not specific to Linux; so long as your OS conforms to [the multiboot specification](http://www.gnu.org/software/grub/manual/multiboot/multiboot.html), any of them will be able to boot your OS. Using any one of them will save you a lot of development time.
That all being said, the most common approaches to locating the second-stage bootloader are to either:
1. Store it in the slack space after the MBR, before the first partition. (This assumes that such space exists, but it does on most disks.)
OR
2. Embed a list of sector numbers into the first-stage bootloader, directing it to where it will find the second-stage bootloader. |
260,881 | I've seen the following bookcases while I was on holiday, and I'd like to make something similar myself. However, I'm puzzled about the structure of the bookcase.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/5AcGq.jpg)
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/7Aa4W.jpg)
It looks like the vertical side walls are not made out of a single board (as "normally" happens in a bookcase), but are multiple individual pieces, and the shelves are fixed on the top/bottom of the side boards rather than on internal face.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/V03I0.jpg)
I really like the look of it, but I don't understand how the vertical bits can be fixed safely to the horizontal shelves. Do you reckon there are some metal brackets in the back to keep everything square and to give some structural stability?
How would you fix the shelves to the side boards? | 2022/11/20 | [
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/260881",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/147899/"
] | Structurally dubious on the whole, but the back sheet of plywood is probably doing a large part of holding it together, evidently adequately. I do see top brackets to keep it from tipping over.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/f3UPy.png)
I doubt that there's a steel support between each set of shelves, but that would be **a** way to tie it together better, if wanted.
Functionally, it's the all-wooden version of plank and cinderblock (or brick) bookcases. A functional limitation is that the shelves are not adjustable at all, but if you are fine with that, you could certainly replicate this. I would expect that the shelf is drilled and screwed (or nailed) into the support below it, and the hidden side of the support is pocket-screwed (or toe-nailed) into the shelf below it (staggered so they don't conflict) and then the plywood back is attached to the shelf assembly to stiffen it up and unify it.
The bottom-most shelf would presumably be screwed up into the support above, rather than the support being pocket-screwed into it, and the feet are offset so they can be screwed down into from the bottom shelf.
**There may be an additional sctructural detail lurking in the back corners,** mostly hidden by books.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ltixq.png)
I think this shows the foot/leg board extending up inside the back corner of the shelves, which would provide a good solid hunk of vertical timber to attach all those separate end bits to, and make the structure more solid than I had at first guessed. But it's not showing in the third picture, so it may not extend all that far up. Or the different sets of shelves may be built slightly differently. | The structure looks like a stacking barrister bookcase but without the glass doors. The rear panel is the key to the strength of each unit. Plus add some dowels to keep each unit centered on top of each other. |
260,881 | I've seen the following bookcases while I was on holiday, and I'd like to make something similar myself. However, I'm puzzled about the structure of the bookcase.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/5AcGq.jpg)
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/7Aa4W.jpg)
It looks like the vertical side walls are not made out of a single board (as "normally" happens in a bookcase), but are multiple individual pieces, and the shelves are fixed on the top/bottom of the side boards rather than on internal face.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/V03I0.jpg)
I really like the look of it, but I don't understand how the vertical bits can be fixed safely to the horizontal shelves. Do you reckon there are some metal brackets in the back to keep everything square and to give some structural stability?
How would you fix the shelves to the side boards? | 2022/11/20 | [
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/260881",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/147899/"
] | Structurally dubious on the whole, but the back sheet of plywood is probably doing a large part of holding it together, evidently adequately. I do see top brackets to keep it from tipping over.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/f3UPy.png)
I doubt that there's a steel support between each set of shelves, but that would be **a** way to tie it together better, if wanted.
Functionally, it's the all-wooden version of plank and cinderblock (or brick) bookcases. A functional limitation is that the shelves are not adjustable at all, but if you are fine with that, you could certainly replicate this. I would expect that the shelf is drilled and screwed (or nailed) into the support below it, and the hidden side of the support is pocket-screwed (or toe-nailed) into the shelf below it (staggered so they don't conflict) and then the plywood back is attached to the shelf assembly to stiffen it up and unify it.
The bottom-most shelf would presumably be screwed up into the support above, rather than the support being pocket-screwed into it, and the feet are offset so they can be screwed down into from the bottom shelf.
**There may be an additional sctructural detail lurking in the back corners,** mostly hidden by books.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ltixq.png)
I think this shows the foot/leg board extending up inside the back corner of the shelves, which would provide a good solid hunk of vertical timber to attach all those separate end bits to, and make the structure more solid than I had at first guessed. But it's not showing in the third picture, so it may not extend all that far up. Or the different sets of shelves may be built slightly differently. | I would use a stopped dado joint to allow the side panels to be mostly intact, but to have that exposed shelf edge on the front that you're interested in.
If it were constructed like that, it might be only the first inch of the shelf that you're seeing.
<https://www.table-saw-guide.com/dado-joint.html>
<https://canadianwoodworking.com/techniques_and_tips/stopped-dado-joint/> |
260,881 | I've seen the following bookcases while I was on holiday, and I'd like to make something similar myself. However, I'm puzzled about the structure of the bookcase.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/5AcGq.jpg)
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/7Aa4W.jpg)
It looks like the vertical side walls are not made out of a single board (as "normally" happens in a bookcase), but are multiple individual pieces, and the shelves are fixed on the top/bottom of the side boards rather than on internal face.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/V03I0.jpg)
I really like the look of it, but I don't understand how the vertical bits can be fixed safely to the horizontal shelves. Do you reckon there are some metal brackets in the back to keep everything square and to give some structural stability?
How would you fix the shelves to the side boards? | 2022/11/20 | [
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/260881",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/147899/"
] | The verticals are probably set to the horizontals by dowels that run through all 3 pieces. Might be metal dowels - they make steel dowels with a spiral V-groove that helps it hold onto glue. Seems like they might have other uses too :)
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ENqYl.png)
The above would provide more than enough strength, but more than that, we tend to ignore **the backboard** as a structural member, because in flat-pack furniture like Ikea, the backboard is *weak tea*. But it does not have to be - it could tie the whole bookshelf together. The structural elements wouldn't even need to be full width, a few inches in from the edges would suffice. For instance someone could back the entire bookshelf with 1/8" lauan plywood *and behind that* install 1x4's on the outer edges. Use deck screws to tie those *through the lauan* into the verticals and horizontals. | The structure looks like a stacking barrister bookcase but without the glass doors. The rear panel is the key to the strength of each unit. Plus add some dowels to keep each unit centered on top of each other. |
260,881 | I've seen the following bookcases while I was on holiday, and I'd like to make something similar myself. However, I'm puzzled about the structure of the bookcase.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/5AcGq.jpg)
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/7Aa4W.jpg)
It looks like the vertical side walls are not made out of a single board (as "normally" happens in a bookcase), but are multiple individual pieces, and the shelves are fixed on the top/bottom of the side boards rather than on internal face.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/V03I0.jpg)
I really like the look of it, but I don't understand how the vertical bits can be fixed safely to the horizontal shelves. Do you reckon there are some metal brackets in the back to keep everything square and to give some structural stability?
How would you fix the shelves to the side boards? | 2022/11/20 | [
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/260881",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/147899/"
] | The verticals are probably set to the horizontals by dowels that run through all 3 pieces. Might be metal dowels - they make steel dowels with a spiral V-groove that helps it hold onto glue. Seems like they might have other uses too :)
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ENqYl.png)
The above would provide more than enough strength, but more than that, we tend to ignore **the backboard** as a structural member, because in flat-pack furniture like Ikea, the backboard is *weak tea*. But it does not have to be - it could tie the whole bookshelf together. The structural elements wouldn't even need to be full width, a few inches in from the edges would suffice. For instance someone could back the entire bookshelf with 1/8" lauan plywood *and behind that* install 1x4's on the outer edges. Use deck screws to tie those *through the lauan* into the verticals and horizontals. | I would use a stopped dado joint to allow the side panels to be mostly intact, but to have that exposed shelf edge on the front that you're interested in.
If it were constructed like that, it might be only the first inch of the shelf that you're seeing.
<https://www.table-saw-guide.com/dado-joint.html>
<https://canadianwoodworking.com/techniques_and_tips/stopped-dado-joint/> |
260,881 | I've seen the following bookcases while I was on holiday, and I'd like to make something similar myself. However, I'm puzzled about the structure of the bookcase.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/5AcGq.jpg)
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/7Aa4W.jpg)
It looks like the vertical side walls are not made out of a single board (as "normally" happens in a bookcase), but are multiple individual pieces, and the shelves are fixed on the top/bottom of the side boards rather than on internal face.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/V03I0.jpg)
I really like the look of it, but I don't understand how the vertical bits can be fixed safely to the horizontal shelves. Do you reckon there are some metal brackets in the back to keep everything square and to give some structural stability?
How would you fix the shelves to the side boards? | 2022/11/20 | [
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/260881",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/147899/"
] | I would use a stopped dado joint to allow the side panels to be mostly intact, but to have that exposed shelf edge on the front that you're interested in.
If it were constructed like that, it might be only the first inch of the shelf that you're seeing.
<https://www.table-saw-guide.com/dado-joint.html>
<https://canadianwoodworking.com/techniques_and_tips/stopped-dado-joint/> | The structure looks like a stacking barrister bookcase but without the glass doors. The rear panel is the key to the strength of each unit. Plus add some dowels to keep each unit centered on top of each other. |
84,550 | I wanted to conduct online screening of candidates for interview purpose and the type of questions include:
1. Multiple choice questions
2. Coding Questions
3. Fill in the blanks
4. Questions required to be answered in few 2-3 lines
I want to create my own questions. User need to register using email id and take the test.
What are the good recommendations for this? Open to both open source, free and paid software.
I already explored Moodle. But one problem I see is, we need to create a course and then create tests. Appreciate your help. Thanks in advance. | 2022/11/14 | [
"https://softwarerecs.stackexchange.com/questions/84550",
"https://softwarerecs.stackexchange.com",
"https://softwarerecs.stackexchange.com/users/81775/"
] | As you're using Linux on your PC (good choice btw!), you have `rsync` in its repository and maybe even already installed. A pendant on Android could e.g. be **[Syncopoli](https://f-droid.org/packages/org.amoradi.syncopoli/)**:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Jws8W.png) [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Cf3rl.png)
Syncopoli (source: [F-Droid](https://f-droid.org/packages/org.amoradi.syncopoli/); click images for larger variants)
This seems to be made for your purpose, as the screenshots show – the example matches your need for photos, but document locations can be added the same way. According to its description it is a one-way sync, but by your question you need it for backup, so it should be fine. Authentication is possible via password or public key, both things you're most likely familiar with as Linux user. | When I want to transfer files from my Android phone and USB is acting up, I use [Cx File Explorer](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.cxinventor.file.explorer&hl=de&gl=US&pli=1), which has a feature to open an FTP server which you can then access from your desktop. |
47,530 | It's a classic movie cliche. We see the surface of the Moon with the Earth in the distance and a dark shadow of an invading alien spaceship slowly covering the landscape.
We see this in the opening sequence of the 1996 movie Independence Day, and I can think of a few other movies which have done this effect.
What's really important is that the spaceship moves into visible frame as it passes overhead. So it's not a shadow from another orbital position, and so that also means the Sun would be directly overhead of the observer.
I've thought about where the Moon is in its orbit, where the Earth is in its orbit and where the Sun would be.
Is it possible for this to actually happen? If you were standing on the Moon, is there a time where the Earth is directly in front of you and the Sun is directly overhead. So that if something passed overtop of you the shadow would be directly on top of you?
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/fM55G.png) | 2021/11/17 | [
"https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/questions/47530",
"https://astronomy.stackexchange.com",
"https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/users/695/"
] | The Moon is always almost exactly the same distance from the Sun as the Earth is (+/- 0.25%) so shadows on the Moon work the same way they work on Earth.
### What scientists have learned watching cartoons
We know from cartoons that if a piano is dropped at noon, directly above us from a very high altitude, we have no indication of this (except for the faint, descending falling piano sound that the audience recognizes) until the piano gets to only perhaps a thousand feet above us. Then a small shadow appears on the ground around our feet, slowly increasing in size.
(It's amazing how long it takes to fall a few hundred feet at terminal velocity in cartoons!)
If we were to look up, we'd see the small black outline of the piano against the disk of the Sun, growing larger, and larger.
As the piano approaches, the shadow gets bigger and darker and more piano-shaped, until the final, gratifying appearance of the smashed piano on the ground, from which the coyote slowly emerges with a big bump on their head.
We also know from cartoons that an airplane flying even higher than the piano drop point doesn't make a shadow at all.
### How this works in the real world.
The Sun is about 0.5 degrees wide. If you draw a triangle from the center to the edge of the Sun with us at the vertex, that angle is 0.25 degrees.
The ratio of the short to long side is *roughly* 0.005 and long/short is 200.
So an eight foot grand piano starts making a noticeable shadow at 8 x 200 = one thousand feet.
The central area of a jumbo jet where the widest part of the wings meet the body is a "blob" about 70 feet in diameter (the fuselage and wings alone are skinnier extensions from that blob) so we can expect it to start making a noticeable shadow at about 70 x 200 at 14,000 feet! Yes, if a jumbo jet flew directly between you and the Sun at this altitude you'd see a fuzzy black shadow fly right over you at about 150 meters per second; it would be about 1/5 of a second blink.
### Okay, and on the Moon?
>
> Is it possible for this to actually happen? If you were standing on the Moon, is there a time when the Earth is directly in front of you and the Sun is directly overhead? So that if something passed overtop of you the shadow would be directly on top of you?
>
>
>
With no air nor coyotes to fall into their own falling piano traps, we'll have to assume it's a space ship passing over you on the Moon.
Below is a typical space ship we might see in space. The diameter of the saucer section is 127 meters. Using our same triangle we can then calculate that if it passes between us and the Sun closer to us than about 25 kilometers, we'll notice a substantial shadow pass over us.
### But don't blink!
If it is orbiting at at 25 km altitude in low lunar orbit it will be moving at about 1700 m/s and that 173 meter diameter dish will pass by in about 1/10 of a second.
---
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Vw0Xg.jpg)
Source: [quora](https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-rough-dimensions-of-the-Starship-Enterprise)
---
Just for fun (no piano) | If the moon was at half-moon (as seen from Earth) and you were standing near the equator at 90 degrees W (ironically this puts you close to *Mare Orientale*) The the sun would be overhead, and Earth would be on the horizon.
This gives you the configuration you need.
However it would very hard for observers on Earth to see the shadow. If the Earth is on the horizon, then you must be on the edge of near and far sides of the moon, and the perspective would make it hard to see anything as small as a spacecraft or its shadow.. |
47,530 | It's a classic movie cliche. We see the surface of the Moon with the Earth in the distance and a dark shadow of an invading alien spaceship slowly covering the landscape.
We see this in the opening sequence of the 1996 movie Independence Day, and I can think of a few other movies which have done this effect.
What's really important is that the spaceship moves into visible frame as it passes overhead. So it's not a shadow from another orbital position, and so that also means the Sun would be directly overhead of the observer.
I've thought about where the Moon is in its orbit, where the Earth is in its orbit and where the Sun would be.
Is it possible for this to actually happen? If you were standing on the Moon, is there a time where the Earth is directly in front of you and the Sun is directly overhead. So that if something passed overtop of you the shadow would be directly on top of you?
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/fM55G.png) | 2021/11/17 | [
"https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/questions/47530",
"https://astronomy.stackexchange.com",
"https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/users/695/"
] | If the moon was at half-moon (as seen from Earth) and you were standing near the equator at 90 degrees W (ironically this puts you close to *Mare Orientale*) The the sun would be overhead, and Earth would be on the horizon.
This gives you the configuration you need.
However it would very hard for observers on Earth to see the shadow. If the Earth is on the horizon, then you must be on the edge of near and far sides of the moon, and the perspective would make it hard to see anything as small as a spacecraft or its shadow.. | I think, your interpretation of the scene parameters is a bit too strict. The sun need not be exactly in zenith above your head to allow for such a shadow situation. But more on that later.
Sun in zenith with visible Earth
--------------------------------
First, along your interpretation: It's possible, to the same amount that it is on Earth (but the screenshot doesn't match such a situation).
On Earth, to have the sun directly above you, you need to be close to the equator, and it has to be around noon. That means you have to be located close to the place on the globe pointing towards the sun. To be able to see the Moon around noon, the moon phase has to be between new moon and half moon, otherwise it would be below the horizon at noon.
The same is possible on the Moon, just exchange "Earth" and "Moon". You have to be standing close to the moon's equator, closest to the sun, earth phase must be between new earth and half earth (which implies with the moon phase being between full moon and half moon, as they complement one another).
So, the Earth could be visible, but only as a rather shallow crescent.
Relaxed constraints
-------------------
If both the sun and the spaceship come from straight behind your back, the depicted visual effect is achieved as well. And with the sun lower behind your back, more of the Earth could be sunlit. A full Earth would still be impossible, as then both the sun and Earth would have to be at horizon level, meaning that the shadows wouldn't work.
Screenshot lighting
-------------------
The screenshot shows an inconsistent lighting. The hills seem to be lit from the right-hand side, not too high above the horizon.
Earth is shown in nearly full phase, implying that the light source was located mostly behind the camera, slightly to the right (maybe at a 5 o'clock position), also not too high above the horizon.
As an Earth phase consistent with the hills lighting, I'd expect a half earth, with the day/night delimiter slightly tilted to the left.
And no matter which of the two inconsistent lightings we assume to be "correct", we'd end up with the spaceships's shadow being displaced to the left of its path. |
47,530 | It's a classic movie cliche. We see the surface of the Moon with the Earth in the distance and a dark shadow of an invading alien spaceship slowly covering the landscape.
We see this in the opening sequence of the 1996 movie Independence Day, and I can think of a few other movies which have done this effect.
What's really important is that the spaceship moves into visible frame as it passes overhead. So it's not a shadow from another orbital position, and so that also means the Sun would be directly overhead of the observer.
I've thought about where the Moon is in its orbit, where the Earth is in its orbit and where the Sun would be.
Is it possible for this to actually happen? If you were standing on the Moon, is there a time where the Earth is directly in front of you and the Sun is directly overhead. So that if something passed overtop of you the shadow would be directly on top of you?
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/fM55G.png) | 2021/11/17 | [
"https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/questions/47530",
"https://astronomy.stackexchange.com",
"https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/users/695/"
] | The Moon is always almost exactly the same distance from the Sun as the Earth is (+/- 0.25%) so shadows on the Moon work the same way they work on Earth.
### What scientists have learned watching cartoons
We know from cartoons that if a piano is dropped at noon, directly above us from a very high altitude, we have no indication of this (except for the faint, descending falling piano sound that the audience recognizes) until the piano gets to only perhaps a thousand feet above us. Then a small shadow appears on the ground around our feet, slowly increasing in size.
(It's amazing how long it takes to fall a few hundred feet at terminal velocity in cartoons!)
If we were to look up, we'd see the small black outline of the piano against the disk of the Sun, growing larger, and larger.
As the piano approaches, the shadow gets bigger and darker and more piano-shaped, until the final, gratifying appearance of the smashed piano on the ground, from which the coyote slowly emerges with a big bump on their head.
We also know from cartoons that an airplane flying even higher than the piano drop point doesn't make a shadow at all.
### How this works in the real world.
The Sun is about 0.5 degrees wide. If you draw a triangle from the center to the edge of the Sun with us at the vertex, that angle is 0.25 degrees.
The ratio of the short to long side is *roughly* 0.005 and long/short is 200.
So an eight foot grand piano starts making a noticeable shadow at 8 x 200 = one thousand feet.
The central area of a jumbo jet where the widest part of the wings meet the body is a "blob" about 70 feet in diameter (the fuselage and wings alone are skinnier extensions from that blob) so we can expect it to start making a noticeable shadow at about 70 x 200 at 14,000 feet! Yes, if a jumbo jet flew directly between you and the Sun at this altitude you'd see a fuzzy black shadow fly right over you at about 150 meters per second; it would be about 1/5 of a second blink.
### Okay, and on the Moon?
>
> Is it possible for this to actually happen? If you were standing on the Moon, is there a time when the Earth is directly in front of you and the Sun is directly overhead? So that if something passed overtop of you the shadow would be directly on top of you?
>
>
>
With no air nor coyotes to fall into their own falling piano traps, we'll have to assume it's a space ship passing over you on the Moon.
Below is a typical space ship we might see in space. The diameter of the saucer section is 127 meters. Using our same triangle we can then calculate that if it passes between us and the Sun closer to us than about 25 kilometers, we'll notice a substantial shadow pass over us.
### But don't blink!
If it is orbiting at at 25 km altitude in low lunar orbit it will be moving at about 1700 m/s and that 173 meter diameter dish will pass by in about 1/10 of a second.
---
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Vw0Xg.jpg)
Source: [quora](https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-rough-dimensions-of-the-Starship-Enterprise)
---
Just for fun (no piano) | I think, your interpretation of the scene parameters is a bit too strict. The sun need not be exactly in zenith above your head to allow for such a shadow situation. But more on that later.
Sun in zenith with visible Earth
--------------------------------
First, along your interpretation: It's possible, to the same amount that it is on Earth (but the screenshot doesn't match such a situation).
On Earth, to have the sun directly above you, you need to be close to the equator, and it has to be around noon. That means you have to be located close to the place on the globe pointing towards the sun. To be able to see the Moon around noon, the moon phase has to be between new moon and half moon, otherwise it would be below the horizon at noon.
The same is possible on the Moon, just exchange "Earth" and "Moon". You have to be standing close to the moon's equator, closest to the sun, earth phase must be between new earth and half earth (which implies with the moon phase being between full moon and half moon, as they complement one another).
So, the Earth could be visible, but only as a rather shallow crescent.
Relaxed constraints
-------------------
If both the sun and the spaceship come from straight behind your back, the depicted visual effect is achieved as well. And with the sun lower behind your back, more of the Earth could be sunlit. A full Earth would still be impossible, as then both the sun and Earth would have to be at horizon level, meaning that the shadows wouldn't work.
Screenshot lighting
-------------------
The screenshot shows an inconsistent lighting. The hills seem to be lit from the right-hand side, not too high above the horizon.
Earth is shown in nearly full phase, implying that the light source was located mostly behind the camera, slightly to the right (maybe at a 5 o'clock position), also not too high above the horizon.
As an Earth phase consistent with the hills lighting, I'd expect a half earth, with the day/night delimiter slightly tilted to the left.
And no matter which of the two inconsistent lightings we assume to be "correct", we'd end up with the spaceships's shadow being displaced to the left of its path. |
21,757,768 | I'm trying to make my very first game. Its a simple endless scroller 2D game build with Unity 4.3.4. and C#.
Everything works fine, but if you look closely, you can see it has tiny hiccups. When you look closely at the left, the particles not moving smooth at all.
What am i doing wrong? It looks like there is something wrong with the framerate or something.
Live version: <http://www.atticweb.nl/peekgame/> Download: <https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/6929740/peekseek.rar>
---
Could it be i'm giving him forward motion with changing the velocity? :
rigidbody2D.velocity = new Vector2 ( speed, rigidbody2D.velocity.y ) | 2014/02/13 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/21757768",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/2054212/"
] | EDIT: Thank you to [***Pascal***](https://stackoverflow.com/users/139746/pascal-cuoq) for his comment which is indeed correct! I have changed the answer as a result of this.
---
Using any optimization setting other than none, the compiler would optimize this function away *if it was statically defined* i.e., local to this compilation unit. With no optimizations turned on it might not. In that case the [***function prologue and epilogue***](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Function_prologue), which are code that sets up the stack frame etc on entering the function, and destroys it on leaving, may still be emitted by the compiler.
As Pascal points out when it has external linkage this is not possible as the compiler doesn't generally "reach" across modules. However, in this case the linker should optimize it out if it detects that the function is not called.
Also it is completely possible to determine how much memory a function takes up. You can look at the [***elfdump***](http://www.unix.com/man-page/opensolaris/1/elfdump/)/[***objdump***](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objdump), or similarly appropriate utility, for the object that contains the function :)
---
To answer your question
>
> If the function is called, then what is occupying the memory space?
>
>
>
A function must be compiled into [***machine code***](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_code). This is a set of instructions of architecture-dependent length/value etc that reside in memory. The computer fetches instructions from memory. Therefore your function must reside somewhere in memory for the CPU to be able to fetch it and then execute it. The C code your write is compiled into this machine code and it is this that takes up memory space... | Compilers usually will skip this functions while optimization. So the answer is no memory will reserve for call to an empty function. |
21,757,768 | I'm trying to make my very first game. Its a simple endless scroller 2D game build with Unity 4.3.4. and C#.
Everything works fine, but if you look closely, you can see it has tiny hiccups. When you look closely at the left, the particles not moving smooth at all.
What am i doing wrong? It looks like there is something wrong with the framerate or something.
Live version: <http://www.atticweb.nl/peekgame/> Download: <https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/6929740/peekseek.rar>
---
Could it be i'm giving him forward motion with changing the velocity? :
rigidbody2D.velocity = new Vector2 ( speed, rigidbody2D.velocity.y ) | 2014/02/13 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/21757768",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/2054212/"
] | EDIT: Thank you to [***Pascal***](https://stackoverflow.com/users/139746/pascal-cuoq) for his comment which is indeed correct! I have changed the answer as a result of this.
---
Using any optimization setting other than none, the compiler would optimize this function away *if it was statically defined* i.e., local to this compilation unit. With no optimizations turned on it might not. In that case the [***function prologue and epilogue***](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Function_prologue), which are code that sets up the stack frame etc on entering the function, and destroys it on leaving, may still be emitted by the compiler.
As Pascal points out when it has external linkage this is not possible as the compiler doesn't generally "reach" across modules. However, in this case the linker should optimize it out if it detects that the function is not called.
Also it is completely possible to determine how much memory a function takes up. You can look at the [***elfdump***](http://www.unix.com/man-page/opensolaris/1/elfdump/)/[***objdump***](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objdump), or similarly appropriate utility, for the object that contains the function :)
---
To answer your question
>
> If the function is called, then what is occupying the memory space?
>
>
>
A function must be compiled into [***machine code***](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_code). This is a set of instructions of architecture-dependent length/value etc that reside in memory. The computer fetches instructions from memory. Therefore your function must reside somewhere in memory for the CPU to be able to fetch it and then execute it. The C code your write is compiled into this machine code and it is this that takes up memory space... | If we ignore that the compiler may or may not optimize the function away, then there are many different kinds of memory occupied by a function.
Each time a function is called, it is likely that the program has to store away various CPU registers on the stack, registers such as the [status/condition code register](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Status_register). Also, the program counter will be stored on the stack, or the CPU wouldn't know where to return to, once the function is done executing.
What kind of registers that are saved, and where, and how, depends on the system. The CPU likely does a lot of this automatically, upon encountering an "execute function" instruction in the program.
If there are any parameters or return values, they will also be stored on the stack/in registers. In that case, they may be saved by the caller or by the function, it is system specific and known as [calling convention](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calling_convention).
In addition to the above, the actual code that is the body of the function is of course stored somewhere too: in the program memory (often referred to as `.text`). |
21,757,768 | I'm trying to make my very first game. Its a simple endless scroller 2D game build with Unity 4.3.4. and C#.
Everything works fine, but if you look closely, you can see it has tiny hiccups. When you look closely at the left, the particles not moving smooth at all.
What am i doing wrong? It looks like there is something wrong with the framerate or something.
Live version: <http://www.atticweb.nl/peekgame/> Download: <https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/6929740/peekseek.rar>
---
Could it be i'm giving him forward motion with changing the velocity? :
rigidbody2D.velocity = new Vector2 ( speed, rigidbody2D.velocity.y ) | 2014/02/13 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/21757768",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/2054212/"
] | EDIT: Thank you to [***Pascal***](https://stackoverflow.com/users/139746/pascal-cuoq) for his comment which is indeed correct! I have changed the answer as a result of this.
---
Using any optimization setting other than none, the compiler would optimize this function away *if it was statically defined* i.e., local to this compilation unit. With no optimizations turned on it might not. In that case the [***function prologue and epilogue***](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Function_prologue), which are code that sets up the stack frame etc on entering the function, and destroys it on leaving, may still be emitted by the compiler.
As Pascal points out when it has external linkage this is not possible as the compiler doesn't generally "reach" across modules. However, in this case the linker should optimize it out if it detects that the function is not called.
Also it is completely possible to determine how much memory a function takes up. You can look at the [***elfdump***](http://www.unix.com/man-page/opensolaris/1/elfdump/)/[***objdump***](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objdump), or similarly appropriate utility, for the object that contains the function :)
---
To answer your question
>
> If the function is called, then what is occupying the memory space?
>
>
>
A function must be compiled into [***machine code***](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_code). This is a set of instructions of architecture-dependent length/value etc that reside in memory. The computer fetches instructions from memory. Therefore your function must reside somewhere in memory for the CPU to be able to fetch it and then execute it. The C code your write is compiled into this machine code and it is this that takes up memory space... | Let's assume compiler doesn't omit out the given function, since it does nothing. And assume that compiler won't inline it either, since function is small. Your assertion that function doesn't do anything, doesn't call another function, no local variables, and not argument and return value - then why does it *would* require any memory?
First thing, the size occupied by function would be at two locations. One, at the generated binary (executable), and second, in the call stack of the thread which calls this function. An empty function would be sort of like a zero-byte file or a directory. Both *seemingly* doesn't occupy any storage in disk (since it is shown as '0 bytes'). But, they take some memory is the disk.
Analogy of empty file is not exactly same as an empty function, just for understanding purpose, I wrote. A function would be called by some function (caller), hence **return-address** of that function would be kept in call stack (of current thread). When function ceases to exist, that return address would be looked up, and ESP would point to that location for next instruction.
Calling conventions would also add up more instructions, for empty functions, to clean up the call stack. Pascal calling convention, for instance, would have some more instructions to clean up the call stack when function exits.
The bit-ness of the program (32-bit or 64-bit) would also change the size required for all this book keeping. |
126,151 | When printing a document in landscape mode using Microsoft Word 2007, the document is printed portrait and scaling (varies a little per printer). I made a new document with just text and the text is getting chopped even in print preview. It seems rather weird.
Am I doing something wrong? | 2010/03/31 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/126151",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/20680/"
] | You may have the margins set incorrectly. Under the view menu click on the grid lines show/hide toggle to display the gridlines, then see if the text falls within those lines. If not try to move the margins until all the text falls within those lines and reprint...that works for me.
Hope this helps. | Your printer driver may be trying to be too smart for its own good. Check the printer settings for something that may be overriding Word's page setup. Or, if possible, try printing to a different printer, for example a PDF printer. |
373,283 | Can the tag [firebase-database](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/firebase-database "show questions tagged 'firebase-database'") be renamed to [firebase-realtime-database](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/firebase-realtime-database "show questions tagged 'firebase-realtime-database'")?
As the [tag info](https://stackoverflow.com/tags/firebase-database/info) states the tag is for Firebase Realtime Database and since the arrival of [google-cloud-firestore](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/google-cloud-firestore "show questions tagged 'google-cloud-firestore'"), a different kind of database from Firebase, there have been an increasing amount of questions about Firestore tagged with [firebase-database](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/firebase-database "show questions tagged 'firebase-database'"). The reason for the mistagging is the fact that Firebase has multiple kinds of databases and a general name like *"firebase-database"* doesn't describe wich type of Firebase database it is about
To avoid these mistakes from now on I suggest the tag [firebase-database](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/firebase-database "show questions tagged 'firebase-database'") be renamed to [firebase-realtime-database](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/firebase-realtime-database "show questions tagged 'firebase-realtime-database'"). | 2018/08/28 | [
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com/questions/373283",
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com",
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com/users/4916627/"
] | The [firebase-realtime-database](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/firebase-realtime-database "show questions tagged 'firebase-realtime-database'") tag sounds good to me. It's definitely been more work to retag the wrong "[firebase-database](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/firebase-database "show questions tagged 'firebase-database'") on a [google-cloud-firestore](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/google-cloud-firestore "show questions tagged 'google-cloud-firestore'") question" tags.
Any reason why we can't do this through a synonym though? If we just create the new tag, start using that, and then define the old tag as a synonym. We've done that with [firebase-functions](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/firebase-functions "show questions tagged 'firebase-functions'") (maps to [google-cloud-functions](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/google-cloud-functions "show questions tagged 'google-cloud-functions'")) and [firebase-firestore](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/firebase-firestore "show questions tagged 'firebase-firestore'") (maps to [google-cloud-firestore](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/google-cloud-firestore "show questions tagged 'google-cloud-firestore'")) too and the problem was quickly solved on those cases (although surprisingly not for [firebase-security-rules](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/firebase-security-rules "show questions tagged 'firebase-security-rules'")). | According to [Choose a Database: Cloud Firestore or Realtime Database | Firebase](https://firebase.google.com/docs/database/rtdb-vs-firestore), the official product names are now *"Cloud Firestore"* and *"Realtime Database"*.
As such, the suggested tags look like the optimal choice: they are both in the straightforward form of *"vendor-product"* -- which is as clear as we can get in this situation of similarly-named products. |
50,147,597 | We are working on project using Google Home.
Details:
1. We have built certain intents in Dialog Flow. It has certain follow-up questions to get the parameter values, as a multi-turn dialogue. When testing using Dialog Flow, test console, I am asking
1. Can you help in booking a table: It prompts back with right question (Where do you want to book a table) as configured in Dialog Flow
2. Where do you want to book a table : I answer - "Some Restaurant". It prompts back with right question (When do you want to book a table) as configured in Dialog Flow
3. When do you want to book a table: I answer: "Today" . It prompts back with right question (For how many guests) as configured in Dialog Flow.
4. For how many guests? - I answer: "4 people." It ends the conversation, as configured in Dialog Flow.
The above conversation works perfectly fine as expected.
When I test using the integration for Google Home (using simulator with action SDK) [See how it works in Google Assistant]
1. Invoke the app (by using the explicit invocation - Talk to [APP NAME]) - App gets invoked with the right greeting message as configured
2. After that when I ask the questions as mentioned - above - app leaves the conversation? Nothing is answered back.
Not sure why this issue is happening - anything I am missing in the configuration? | 2018/05/03 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/50147597",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/5168534/"
] | In my case, this is due to not accept the new policy on the developer account. After accept, it gets resolved. | Fixed as NitinSingh comment - go to iTunes Connect and accept policy. Strange anyway fixed |
279,126 | I have questions about the limitations of using a mains-rated power transformer (e.g. a small 6VAC 1VA PCB mount transformer) as a cheap differential probe, so that waveforms can be safely observed on an oscilloscope.
My questions refer to this schematic, which is not intended as a real circuit but to allow me to refer to the various elements:
[simulate this circuit](/plugins/schematics?image=http%3a%2f%2fi.stack.imgur.com%2fiGwrJ.png) – Schematic created using [CircuitLab](https://www.circuitlab.com/)
Vin1 and Vin2 are any two points in a mains-powered circuit across which the differential measurement is desired. R1 represents a standard scope input impedance. For now let's ignore R2, C2, C1, R4, and R5.
My understanding is that with an ideal transformer, this is a safe way to accurately display a typical mains voltage waveform. However, a real transformer will have some common mode leakage represented here by C1. This should mean that the transformer's "CMRR" (as it were) deteriorates as higher and higher frequency content appears across it.
1. My main question is: will this common mode issue present a danger to an oscilloscope when probing a circuit like a phase angle controller with fast edges? Will the high voltage, high frequency content be capactively coupled straight across the transformer, resulting in a short via the shell of the scope's BNC connector?
2. If this coupling could be a problem, would the addition of a simple filter like R2 C2 suffice to solve it, assuming that the user did not mind the loss in measurement bandwidth?
3. Are resistors like R4 and R5 a sufficient way to minimize loading on the circuit being measured? | 2017/01/08 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/279126",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | This is country specific and standards specific
GREEN is universally accepted to be a protective earth connection
White, Blue, Brown... is odd... if it wasn't for the white it would make sense.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/HKi0x.png)
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_wiring> | Don't go for colours . All the three wires having same characteristics . Check the source which pin is phase, neutral and earth . Connect the wire colour of ur choice and label it in the cabinet to help for future and enjoy. |
279,126 | I have questions about the limitations of using a mains-rated power transformer (e.g. a small 6VAC 1VA PCB mount transformer) as a cheap differential probe, so that waveforms can be safely observed on an oscilloscope.
My questions refer to this schematic, which is not intended as a real circuit but to allow me to refer to the various elements:
[simulate this circuit](/plugins/schematics?image=http%3a%2f%2fi.stack.imgur.com%2fiGwrJ.png) – Schematic created using [CircuitLab](https://www.circuitlab.com/)
Vin1 and Vin2 are any two points in a mains-powered circuit across which the differential measurement is desired. R1 represents a standard scope input impedance. For now let's ignore R2, C2, C1, R4, and R5.
My understanding is that with an ideal transformer, this is a safe way to accurately display a typical mains voltage waveform. However, a real transformer will have some common mode leakage represented here by C1. This should mean that the transformer's "CMRR" (as it were) deteriorates as higher and higher frequency content appears across it.
1. My main question is: will this common mode issue present a danger to an oscilloscope when probing a circuit like a phase angle controller with fast edges? Will the high voltage, high frequency content be capactively coupled straight across the transformer, resulting in a short via the shell of the scope's BNC connector?
2. If this coupling could be a problem, would the addition of a simple filter like R2 C2 suffice to solve it, assuming that the user did not mind the loss in measurement bandwidth?
3. Are resistors like R4 and R5 a sufficient way to minimize loading on the circuit being measured? | 2017/01/08 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/279126",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | This is country specific and standards specific
GREEN is universally accepted to be a protective earth connection
White, Blue, Brown... is odd... if it wasn't for the white it would make sense.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/HKi0x.png)
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_wiring> | The US/Canada standard is black=hot, white=neutral and ground is green, green-with-yellow-stripe or bare. The only other colours I've encountered is the standard I believe is UK/EU in which brown=hot, blue=neutral and ground is green with a yellow stripe. A lot of Chinese-made cables follow the EU standard.
Even with standard colours, I always check continuity with the plug pins to make sure it's right.
Your cable is very odd, in that it has no green (or bare or green/yellow) wire, and has white in combination with blue and brown. This is not anyone's standard for line voltage (120 or 240 Volts AC) cabling.
You should consider that this cable might not be intended for line voltage, even if Kingwin has molded an AC plug onto it. It may be intended for low-voltage DC in some specialty application, maybe low power lighting or communications. Look for printed specs on the sheath of the cable itself; it should say it's rated to some AC voltage higher than 120. If it doesn't, you might consider removing and discarding the AC plug and putting the cable in your parts bin for some future low-voltage project.
If it does appear to be an AC cable, then we have to assume that the folks at Kingwin used whatever colours they had handy. Make no assumptions on how this is wired; check it several times for continuity, preferably once before you have a coffee and once after.
When you're sure it's right, use electrical tape to mark the wires with the colours that will make sense to the next person that sees it. In the US that'd be black, white and green. |
13,697 | I would like your advice about what I should bid in the following situation. Partner opens 1C, I answer 1H, he bids 2H. My hand is:
S : none
H : K Q J x x x
D : A K Q x x x
C : J
What should I bid now? | 2013/12/08 | [
"https://boardgames.stackexchange.com/questions/13697",
"https://boardgames.stackexchange.com",
"https://boardgames.stackexchange.com/users/6293/"
] | My concerns are:
* That the opponents aren't in this auction yet despite a ton of distribution, and so suits are likely to be breaking badly for us; and
* My hand is far too strong to make a descriptive splinter call and appoint partner captain of the hand.
Therefore I wish to take advantage of the opponents silence to describe my hand, so partner can make an intelligent *bid again or double* decision on the next round. Therefore I bid a simple 3D.
This bid:
1. Is forcing one round (by virtue of being a new suit by responder);
2. Promises strength to play 3H or 4D, or better, safely;
3. Promises a fifth heart (or slam interest, or both); and
4. Promises either a fourth diamond or hidden club support.
It is intended to give partner the greatest possible room to complete the description of his hand, which so far sounds like the only balanced hand at the table with 3-4-2-4.
It sounds like RHO is long in clubs and diamonds, and LHO is long in hearts and clubs, and no-one is holding better than honour-fourth in spades. At least two, if not three or four, spades are missing from this deck unless the opponents are red against white.
What is the vulnerability, and who is the dealer?
**Update** From OP above, both vulnerable and partner dealt.
Continuation. Partner will take 3D for a game try and bid one of:
* 3H to decline - you will continue with 3S game forcing, showing a control in spades, requesting partner to show a control. If partner shows the club ace you will continue with 5NT GSF as below;
* 4H to accept, no extra values - you will continue with 4S control showing; if partner then bids 5C you will bid 5NT GSF and continue to 7 if he shows 1 with or without a side king.
* 4C to show the club control - continue with 5NT GSF as above.
* 3S to show the spade control then bid 4D to reveal the missing club control. If partner then bids 4H to deny it, you will have to guess - and rue not responding 1D originally.
Note how much easier the auction is if the original response is 1D receiving a raise; hearts can be cue-bid without ambiguity to locate the other missing card. Ease in correctly deciding between 5 or 6 r 7 is worth far more than the difference between a major or minor denomination. | The things your partner need most to know about are your spade void and strong diamonds. So I would bid three diamonds [changed from spades], to show my stopper in that suit.
If partner has "nothing" to say, he'll bid hearts, but more likely, he'll bid four clubs to show his ace in that suit. Then you can bid four spades [changed from diamonds] to show your void [changed from ace].
You have the material for a small, or even grand slam. All you need are the ace of clubs and the ace of hearts for the latter. Since partner opened, he will have one or both of those unless he has a lot of wasted honors in spades. (Hopefully he has the two good aces, eight high card points, plus a few, but not "many" spade honors for his opener).
Edit: Based on the comments of others, I believe I got the original order of suits wrong. That is, I now believe that you should bid three diamonds first to show the stopper, then spades to show the void. That is, lower-ranking suit, then higher. |
13,697 | I would like your advice about what I should bid in the following situation. Partner opens 1C, I answer 1H, he bids 2H. My hand is:
S : none
H : K Q J x x x
D : A K Q x x x
C : J
What should I bid now? | 2013/12/08 | [
"https://boardgames.stackexchange.com/questions/13697",
"https://boardgames.stackexchange.com",
"https://boardgames.stackexchange.com/users/6293/"
] | There is a convention called "exclusion blackwood" (some call it "voidwood"). This way you can ask for aces, excluding one suit.
This call can be made by bidding your void suit, in a level above your fit suit, provided that a fit has been found.
In your example, all bids (4s,5c,5d) are exclusion blackwood.
Partner can respond in steps, just like steps on 4NT(depends whether you play standard, blackwood, 1430RKCB, 3014RKCB etc). No matter what kind of blackwood you play, you will get your desired info (this is the two round aces).
You can look [here](http://www.bridgeguys.com/Conventions/exclusion_keycard_blackwood.html) for a variation of exclusion blackwood. | The things your partner need most to know about are your spade void and strong diamonds. So I would bid three diamonds [changed from spades], to show my stopper in that suit.
If partner has "nothing" to say, he'll bid hearts, but more likely, he'll bid four clubs to show his ace in that suit. Then you can bid four spades [changed from diamonds] to show your void [changed from ace].
You have the material for a small, or even grand slam. All you need are the ace of clubs and the ace of hearts for the latter. Since partner opened, he will have one or both of those unless he has a lot of wasted honors in spades. (Hopefully he has the two good aces, eight high card points, plus a few, but not "many" spade honors for his opener).
Edit: Based on the comments of others, I believe I got the original order of suits wrong. That is, I now believe that you should bid three diamonds first to show the stopper, then spades to show the void. That is, lower-ranking suit, then higher. |
13,697 | I would like your advice about what I should bid in the following situation. Partner opens 1C, I answer 1H, he bids 2H. My hand is:
S : none
H : K Q J x x x
D : A K Q x x x
C : J
What should I bid now? | 2013/12/08 | [
"https://boardgames.stackexchange.com/questions/13697",
"https://boardgames.stackexchange.com",
"https://boardgames.stackexchange.com/users/6293/"
] | The things your partner need most to know about are your spade void and strong diamonds. So I would bid three diamonds [changed from spades], to show my stopper in that suit.
If partner has "nothing" to say, he'll bid hearts, but more likely, he'll bid four clubs to show his ace in that suit. Then you can bid four spades [changed from diamonds] to show your void [changed from ace].
You have the material for a small, or even grand slam. All you need are the ace of clubs and the ace of hearts for the latter. Since partner opened, he will have one or both of those unless he has a lot of wasted honors in spades. (Hopefully he has the two good aces, eight high card points, plus a few, but not "many" spade honors for his opener).
Edit: Based on the comments of others, I believe I got the original order of suits wrong. That is, I now believe that you should bid three diamonds first to show the stopper, then spades to show the void. That is, lower-ranking suit, then higher. | From my comment to Thanos' answer:
Logically speaking, 3S splinter followed by 4NT over the expected 4H by partner should be keycard ask, without counting the Spade Ace (otherwise why not bid 4NT directly?). If partner bids 4D (likely singleton), you can still continue with a 4S bid and partner will know to take you further with the heart or club Ace.
So I would suggest bidding 3S, followed by 4NT over 4H. |
13,697 | I would like your advice about what I should bid in the following situation. Partner opens 1C, I answer 1H, he bids 2H. My hand is:
S : none
H : K Q J x x x
D : A K Q x x x
C : J
What should I bid now? | 2013/12/08 | [
"https://boardgames.stackexchange.com/questions/13697",
"https://boardgames.stackexchange.com",
"https://boardgames.stackexchange.com/users/6293/"
] | My concerns are:
* That the opponents aren't in this auction yet despite a ton of distribution, and so suits are likely to be breaking badly for us; and
* My hand is far too strong to make a descriptive splinter call and appoint partner captain of the hand.
Therefore I wish to take advantage of the opponents silence to describe my hand, so partner can make an intelligent *bid again or double* decision on the next round. Therefore I bid a simple 3D.
This bid:
1. Is forcing one round (by virtue of being a new suit by responder);
2. Promises strength to play 3H or 4D, or better, safely;
3. Promises a fifth heart (or slam interest, or both); and
4. Promises either a fourth diamond or hidden club support.
It is intended to give partner the greatest possible room to complete the description of his hand, which so far sounds like the only balanced hand at the table with 3-4-2-4.
It sounds like RHO is long in clubs and diamonds, and LHO is long in hearts and clubs, and no-one is holding better than honour-fourth in spades. At least two, if not three or four, spades are missing from this deck unless the opponents are red against white.
What is the vulnerability, and who is the dealer?
**Update** From OP above, both vulnerable and partner dealt.
Continuation. Partner will take 3D for a game try and bid one of:
* 3H to decline - you will continue with 3S game forcing, showing a control in spades, requesting partner to show a control. If partner shows the club ace you will continue with 5NT GSF as below;
* 4H to accept, no extra values - you will continue with 4S control showing; if partner then bids 5C you will bid 5NT GSF and continue to 7 if he shows 1 with or without a side king.
* 4C to show the club control - continue with 5NT GSF as above.
* 3S to show the spade control then bid 4D to reveal the missing club control. If partner then bids 4H to deny it, you will have to guess - and rue not responding 1D originally.
Note how much easier the auction is if the original response is 1D receiving a raise; hearts can be cue-bid without ambiguity to locate the other missing card. Ease in correctly deciding between 5 or 6 r 7 is worth far more than the difference between a major or minor denomination. | From my comment to Thanos' answer:
Logically speaking, 3S splinter followed by 4NT over the expected 4H by partner should be keycard ask, without counting the Spade Ace (otherwise why not bid 4NT directly?). If partner bids 4D (likely singleton), you can still continue with a 4S bid and partner will know to take you further with the heart or club Ace.
So I would suggest bidding 3S, followed by 4NT over 4H. |
13,697 | I would like your advice about what I should bid in the following situation. Partner opens 1C, I answer 1H, he bids 2H. My hand is:
S : none
H : K Q J x x x
D : A K Q x x x
C : J
What should I bid now? | 2013/12/08 | [
"https://boardgames.stackexchange.com/questions/13697",
"https://boardgames.stackexchange.com",
"https://boardgames.stackexchange.com/users/6293/"
] | There is a convention called "exclusion blackwood" (some call it "voidwood"). This way you can ask for aces, excluding one suit.
This call can be made by bidding your void suit, in a level above your fit suit, provided that a fit has been found.
In your example, all bids (4s,5c,5d) are exclusion blackwood.
Partner can respond in steps, just like steps on 4NT(depends whether you play standard, blackwood, 1430RKCB, 3014RKCB etc). No matter what kind of blackwood you play, you will get your desired info (this is the two round aces).
You can look [here](http://www.bridgeguys.com/Conventions/exclusion_keycard_blackwood.html) for a variation of exclusion blackwood. | From my comment to Thanos' answer:
Logically speaking, 3S splinter followed by 4NT over the expected 4H by partner should be keycard ask, without counting the Spade Ace (otherwise why not bid 4NT directly?). If partner bids 4D (likely singleton), you can still continue with a 4S bid and partner will know to take you further with the heart or club Ace.
So I would suggest bidding 3S, followed by 4NT over 4H. |
122,530 | I have the following scenario where a person I'm working with is new in the team and they're in a leadership role within the team.
They asked why something was done a particular way.
I gave them the reasons. They scoffed at it.
This behaviour is becoming a pattern, and comes across as a little bit elitist instead of engaging and showing vision. I need to develop a constructive way to respond.
My question is: **How do you respond when someone scoffs at your reasoned answer to their question?** | 2018/11/12 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/122530",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/18795/"
] | Professionalism is key, especially if it worsens and the managers above end up getting involved. I've had to work with folk like that before both above and below me in the corporate hierarchy.
Offer them a chance to suggest an alternative approach, with reasoning. If they scoff at your *'Method A'*, simply politely ask them if they know of another solution. Nothing superior or disparaging on your part, something like *"Not keen on this? If something's unclear, I can over it further. Or has an alternative come to mind?"*
In this case, the scoffer may describe their 'Method B' without actually explaining why it is better. Again, sounding as if you are keeping an open mind can help. *"Sounds good, we could give it a try. Does it do things faster than Method A? Is it easier to maintain or..."*
I've worked with some people who (claim they) don't realise they are making these noises or reactions during discussions. Having an open-minded discussion about alternatives normally reduces the chances of the scoffing happening again or, which could be better, they are more forthcoming with their own suggestions. If worst comes to worst and the situation escalates, keeping the attitude described above means that you and your colleagues are in the clear; the only person displaying somewhat-aggressive behaviour was your superior. | I suggest just be direct.
>
> You asked and I answered. Do you need anything else from me?
>
>
>
You are not confronting them (in my opinion). If they find your explanation unacceptable it is up to them to follow up. Don't complain or argue with them. If you say do you not agree they may take that as confrontational. |
122,530 | I have the following scenario where a person I'm working with is new in the team and they're in a leadership role within the team.
They asked why something was done a particular way.
I gave them the reasons. They scoffed at it.
This behaviour is becoming a pattern, and comes across as a little bit elitist instead of engaging and showing vision. I need to develop a constructive way to respond.
My question is: **How do you respond when someone scoffs at your reasoned answer to their question?** | 2018/11/12 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/122530",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/18795/"
] | Professionalism is key, especially if it worsens and the managers above end up getting involved. I've had to work with folk like that before both above and below me in the corporate hierarchy.
Offer them a chance to suggest an alternative approach, with reasoning. If they scoff at your *'Method A'*, simply politely ask them if they know of another solution. Nothing superior or disparaging on your part, something like *"Not keen on this? If something's unclear, I can over it further. Or has an alternative come to mind?"*
In this case, the scoffer may describe their 'Method B' without actually explaining why it is better. Again, sounding as if you are keeping an open mind can help. *"Sounds good, we could give it a try. Does it do things faster than Method A? Is it easier to maintain or..."*
I've worked with some people who (claim they) don't realise they are making these noises or reactions during discussions. Having an open-minded discussion about alternatives normally reduces the chances of the scoffing happening again or, which could be better, they are more forthcoming with their own suggestions. If worst comes to worst and the situation escalates, keeping the attitude described above means that you and your colleagues are in the clear; the only person displaying somewhat-aggressive behaviour was your superior. | Always *politely listen,* making very sure that the person knows that you are listening attentively. Ask for clarification of the reaction if it seems appropriate. Remember(!) that the person with whom you are dealing might not realize(!!) how his/her reactions are being interpreted – by you or by others.
If you sincerely feel that this is becoming an impediment, or that the project is going in the wrong directions because your input is being (inadvertently? unintentionally?) excluded, discuss the matter with your manager – and, in their office, *listen* more than you speak. |
122,530 | I have the following scenario where a person I'm working with is new in the team and they're in a leadership role within the team.
They asked why something was done a particular way.
I gave them the reasons. They scoffed at it.
This behaviour is becoming a pattern, and comes across as a little bit elitist instead of engaging and showing vision. I need to develop a constructive way to respond.
My question is: **How do you respond when someone scoffs at your reasoned answer to their question?** | 2018/11/12 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/122530",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/18795/"
] | Professionalism is key, especially if it worsens and the managers above end up getting involved. I've had to work with folk like that before both above and below me in the corporate hierarchy.
Offer them a chance to suggest an alternative approach, with reasoning. If they scoff at your *'Method A'*, simply politely ask them if they know of another solution. Nothing superior or disparaging on your part, something like *"Not keen on this? If something's unclear, I can over it further. Or has an alternative come to mind?"*
In this case, the scoffer may describe their 'Method B' without actually explaining why it is better. Again, sounding as if you are keeping an open mind can help. *"Sounds good, we could give it a try. Does it do things faster than Method A? Is it easier to maintain or..."*
I've worked with some people who (claim they) don't realise they are making these noises or reactions during discussions. Having an open-minded discussion about alternatives normally reduces the chances of the scoffing happening again or, which could be better, they are more forthcoming with their own suggestions. If worst comes to worst and the situation escalates, keeping the attitude described above means that you and your colleagues are in the clear; the only person displaying somewhat-aggressive behaviour was your superior. | I'd respond with a question.
>
> I'm confused. You ask me for my input, and then you often scoff at my response. If you genuinely are not interested in what I have to offer, why do you bother asking me for it?
>
>
>
If this leads to an explanation about how this person doesn't mean to scoff, then you can address why it seems like that is the case, and the air has been cleared between you, with improved communications going forward. If the person does mean to, and feels somehow justified, you have already signaled that you are not interested in responding to queries offered in this spirit, and you can explicitly tell him that you are not interested in having these kind of exchanges that offer no one any kind of value.
This really only applies if it seems like what is being scoffed at is your own input. A new set of eyes thinking the existing way is not the best is not uncommon, otherwise, and certainly is not directed at you, unless you personally had a major role in the existing processes being scoffed at. |
122,530 | I have the following scenario where a person I'm working with is new in the team and they're in a leadership role within the team.
They asked why something was done a particular way.
I gave them the reasons. They scoffed at it.
This behaviour is becoming a pattern, and comes across as a little bit elitist instead of engaging and showing vision. I need to develop a constructive way to respond.
My question is: **How do you respond when someone scoffs at your reasoned answer to their question?** | 2018/11/12 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/122530",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/18795/"
] | Always *politely listen,* making very sure that the person knows that you are listening attentively. Ask for clarification of the reaction if it seems appropriate. Remember(!) that the person with whom you are dealing might not realize(!!) how his/her reactions are being interpreted – by you or by others.
If you sincerely feel that this is becoming an impediment, or that the project is going in the wrong directions because your input is being (inadvertently? unintentionally?) excluded, discuss the matter with your manager – and, in their office, *listen* more than you speak. | I suggest just be direct.
>
> You asked and I answered. Do you need anything else from me?
>
>
>
You are not confronting them (in my opinion). If they find your explanation unacceptable it is up to them to follow up. Don't complain or argue with them. If you say do you not agree they may take that as confrontational. |
122,530 | I have the following scenario where a person I'm working with is new in the team and they're in a leadership role within the team.
They asked why something was done a particular way.
I gave them the reasons. They scoffed at it.
This behaviour is becoming a pattern, and comes across as a little bit elitist instead of engaging and showing vision. I need to develop a constructive way to respond.
My question is: **How do you respond when someone scoffs at your reasoned answer to their question?** | 2018/11/12 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/122530",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/18795/"
] | Always *politely listen,* making very sure that the person knows that you are listening attentively. Ask for clarification of the reaction if it seems appropriate. Remember(!) that the person with whom you are dealing might not realize(!!) how his/her reactions are being interpreted – by you or by others.
If you sincerely feel that this is becoming an impediment, or that the project is going in the wrong directions because your input is being (inadvertently? unintentionally?) excluded, discuss the matter with your manager – and, in their office, *listen* more than you speak. | I'd respond with a question.
>
> I'm confused. You ask me for my input, and then you often scoff at my response. If you genuinely are not interested in what I have to offer, why do you bother asking me for it?
>
>
>
If this leads to an explanation about how this person doesn't mean to scoff, then you can address why it seems like that is the case, and the air has been cleared between you, with improved communications going forward. If the person does mean to, and feels somehow justified, you have already signaled that you are not interested in responding to queries offered in this spirit, and you can explicitly tell him that you are not interested in having these kind of exchanges that offer no one any kind of value.
This really only applies if it seems like what is being scoffed at is your own input. A new set of eyes thinking the existing way is not the best is not uncommon, otherwise, and certainly is not directed at you, unless you personally had a major role in the existing processes being scoffed at. |
64,466,156 | Using XCode 12.0.1 or 12.1 on MacOS 10.15.7 on a MacBook Pro, I cannot get my Mac OS application to compile for the arm64 architecture (i.e. make a Universal application). My project has evolved through many many many XCode versions, so I thought maybe it was corrupted somehow.
So, I created a new non-document-based app project in XCode. I then edited the scheme for Run to build for Release. The default build settings included the arm64 archtecture, and "Build Active Archtecture Only" set to NO for Release. I then set the tool bar scheme setting to buid for "Any Mac", built the project and looked at the build log. It built only for the x86\_64 architecture.
Apple's documentaton says it should build for both architectures with these settings. What am I missing? | 2020/10/21 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/64466156",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/7785442/"
] | The problem is Apple's documentation, whoch clearly says XCode 12 builds universal. It does not, as of this writing, you MUST use the xcode 12 BETA. | I've had older Xcode-Projects that just wouldn't build universal binaries. It was due to a VALID\_ARCHS user defined variable in one of the build settings (at the very bottom of the list). Once removed, universal binaries were created. |
71,947 | The main drawback in Rutherford's model of the atom as pointed out by Niels Bohr was that according to Maxwell's equations, a revolving charge experiences a centripetal acceleration hence it must radiate energy continuously as a result of which its kinetic energy is reduced and it eventually should fall into the nucleus. Bohr then proposed his own model in which he explained this through quantum theory stating that the general laws of electrodynamics and classical mechanincs do not apply in the case of electrons.
Does this imply that if a body is revolving around another, then it will tend to spiral in towards the centre? If so, then how is the stability of the solar system explained? | 2013/07/23 | [
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/71947",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/users/26740/"
] | >
> If so, then how is the stability of the solar system explained?
>
>
>
The solar system bodies are not electrically charged to any significant extent so there is no significant electromagnetic radiation.
However, there is a somewhat analogous mechanism where *gravitational* radiation *can* cause [orbital decay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_wave#Orbital_decay_from_gravitational_radiation).
Although this is not significant in our solar system, orbital decay *has* been detected in relativistic systems as a [binary neutron star system](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hulse-Taylor_binary). | Well the answer to the question asked:
does a charged particle revolving around another charged particle radiate energy?
is simply yes.
Perhaps the "error" in the Rutherford-Bohr-Sommerfeld atoms is the assumption that the electrons are in fact "revolving" about the nucleus.
Remove that revolving, and the need for Hertz-Maxwell radiation, goes away.
Doesn't quantum mechanics remove any revolving; or any other form of charge acceleration in the atom. |
24,344,683 | is there a way, to view the value of a Swift String in Xcode Beta 2.
Thank you
---
After reading the first answers, both methods doesn't seem to work reliable:
the parameter to the function, evernoteContent will not be resolved. When I use the lldb po command, I've got a EXC\_BAD\_ACCESS or maybe the whole Xcode Beta 2 is crashing.
But there is a string value in evernoteContent. | 2014/06/21 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/24344683",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/205962/"
] | If you use visual studio 2013 and Qt 5, right click your project in solution explorer and select **Add -> Class...** to launch **Add Class** dialog.
You can create **Qt5GuiClass** for your new window in the dialog. | From the **Solution Explorer** of you Visual studio, right click on the **Form files** -> **Add new Item** -> **Qt forms** from there select *Qt Dialog form (.ui)* |
97,320 | Units in wc3 has range of attack damage and it isn't consistent most of the time e.g critical hit and so on. Yet, they managed to make a replay that could even reconstruct bugs scene. I am just curious how they do it. It could be useful for fighting games or perhaps to easily submit evidence of recurring bugs. The best part is it's not even a big of a file and even could be used on a customize games. Come back to the title, how did they do it? | 2015/03/26 | [
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com/questions/97320",
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com",
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | They would include that damage (or the data needed to get to the damage value like the RNG state) in the replay information. Each attack is only a numerical value of the damage value, the id of the attacker and the id of the victim. That is 3 values with a limitation on number of units those IDs could be a single byte each.
Crucial information is often RNG seeds, player input and (most importantly) fully deterministic implementation. Anything not deterministic would otherwise need to be included in the replay stream. A perfect implementation would use the "replay" engine for actual real-time play. Where input is nothing but the RNG seed and player input as it comes in.
For scrubbing efficiency and a failsafe you can include full board snapshots, these would contain the location of all units and their health, position of the buildings and unit building progress, etc. | I found few documents, that describe the replay file, so from those you can figure out what kind of model they are using for commands etc.
They have to use some kind of [command pattern](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command_pattern). That means, that each command issued is capsuled in instance of command (or ICommand ). Thus, if everything in the game happens with those commands, you could just push them to the engine and see previous actions replayed ( ofcourse, initial position of everything has to be the same ).
This method is quite like the one that Half life uses for HLTV, it's simple, compact and efficient way to accomplish the streaming, replaying and undoing actions.
I found these documents, that you might be interested:
* [Fan made page about WC3 replay format](http://w3g.deepnode.de/)
* [Replay format description](http://w3g.deepnode.de/files/w3g_format.txt)
* [Replay actions description](http://w3g.deepnode.de/files/w3g_actions.txt)
* [Another format description](https://gist.github.com/dengzhp/1185519) |
5,882,162 | I need to create analog clock in which hours is displayed at centre and minutes on circumference of circle.I need to calculate angle that the point on circumference where user clicks, makes with vertical to calculate minutes.Any help would be useful.. | 2011/05/04 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/5882162",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/737806/"
] | You should add ckeditor folder which contains actual editor files(js files etc.) to your website directory. | Drop property Toolbar="" or modify to Toolbar="Basic". |
1,324 | What is a primitive polynomial? I was looking into some random number generation algorithms and 'primitive polynomial' came up a sufficient number of times that I decided to look into it in more detail.
I'm unsure of what a primitive polynomial is, and why it is useful for these random number generators.
I'd find it particularly helpful if an example of a primitive polynomial could be provided. | 2010/07/31 | [
"https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/1324",
"https://math.stackexchange.com",
"https://math.stackexchange.com/users/181/"
] | BBischof's answer is correct, but unfortunately there's another, quite different possible meaning of the same term: that is a polynomial whose coefficients have no common prime factor (this makes sense over the integers, or other UFDs as well). | See this: and related references there, there is an algorithm for checking any polynomial to be primitive or not.
[COMPUTING PRIMITIVE POLYNOMIALS - THEORY AND ALGORITHM](http://www.seanerikoconnor.freeservers.com/Mathematics/AbstractAlgebra/PrimitivePolynomials/theory.html) |
75,632 | Situation: find color transforms of sufficient CIE-Lab colorspace with closest/widest gamut monitor/... and for Correct Color Management of images computed for devices and human vision
Motivation: to understand some CIE-Lab pictures which can be viewed on closest gamut monitor because CIE-Lab is device independent with [lightning conditions](http://www.colourphil.co.uk/lab_lch_colour_space.shtml)) and is perceptually [uniform](http://www.color.org/faqs.xalter#ga2)
[Use case](http://www.color.org/groups/medical/Minutes_Jun2014_mRGB.pdf): Representation of RGB images (etc spectrogram) with correct color management
Images: non-GSDF images where no black/monochrome images, and no graphic elements
Some CIE-Lab spaces where the appropriate question is to consider suitable color transforms for the sufficient CIE-Lab with closest gamut monitor
* (CIE 1931 possibly not suitable because linear relations)
* CIE-Lab 1976 possibly not suitable because linear relations, review [here](http://www.opticsthewebsite.com/CIELab.aspx) interactively
* CIE XYZ
* CIE-Lab D 50 (many operating systems seem to use this, [here](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lab_color_space) wiki)
* `L*A*B` discussed mathematically [here](http://cmm.ensmp.fr/~serra/articles_pdf/A-81.pdf)
* D65 and D75; normalized to [100, 560] nm [here](http://oceanoptics.com/faq/cielab-color-computed/)
Possible Workflow for CIE-Lab with encoding non-GSDF images
1. Preserve linearity of luminance and approximate uniformity of color
2. rendering intents with re-scaling for perceptually linear color behaviour.
3. Define such a rendering intent. Etc PLCB is similar to MRC+BPC. TODO
4. How the mapping can be constrained in the use case? How can you indicate the desired perceptual uniformity of the image through an additional tag?
Generators: Matlab 2016a and Python on Linux Ubuntu 16.04 64 bit and Debian
Monitors: some monitor with correct color management so exclude medical displays of gray-scale, since this approach will replace them
Tests: calibration every 2h proposed to color-radiologists (physical); other tests numeric and analytical
Mathematics: [Mathematical Morphology In The CIELAB Space](http://cmm.ensmp.fr/~serra/articles_pdf/A-81.pdf), *Web Information Systems Engineering WISE 2014 Workshops* on p. 230 by Benatallah and Springer
Physics: [ICC review](http://www.color.org/faqs.xalter#ga2) about CIE-Lab | 2016/08/03 | [
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/questions/75632",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/users/18754/"
] | I am not an expert but, CIE L*a*b is CIE L*a*b. What are is evolution and re interpretation of the information.
That is why you have CIE RGB (1920) CIE L*u*v\* (1976) for example. But if you need CIE L*a*b use CIE Lab.
In reality you are bound to the aplication which you are using to analize the data. For example Photoshop do not let you choose any internal transformation matrix to swich from. (But I do not understand why they use the D50 because a more standarized white point is D65)
The inclusion of ambient light, or lighting conditions is also relative to the size of the screen vs the angle of vision. So it is important that you define a more specific scope.
But to tell you the truth. This is some topics that rarely Graphic designers think of. (shame face) Xo)
*Edited acording to the coment below*
The D65 is the color temperature for the sRGB standard. <http://www.color.org/chardata/rgb/srgb.xalter> Most computers are recomended to use it as a base white point. It is not perfect, but the sRGB standard is the most widley used standard across diferent devices.
Some more "specialized" models, like Adobe RGB has diferent white point standards. For example the D50. To tell you the truth I am not sure why. (There is a chance that the reason is because normal papers has a tendency to warmer colors, because oxidation, or other historical reasons, like the usage of tungsten light) But thoose transformations need to be taken in acount by the internal conversion matrix of the aplication, not the Operating System.
Some insights on white
----------------------
White is a totally relative idea. It is based on the age of our sun, its intrinsec composition of elements, its mass, the absorption of the wave leinght of the Earth'ss atmosphere across the history, and the evolutionary adaptation of our species to that light... = White.
But that is our reference light. But it is also influenced by the ambient atmospheric blue cast on a middle of a sunny day. Take a look at this: <https://photo.stackexchange.com/questions/71893/what-is-the-right-displayed-color> | You use colorspaces to achieve end results. Thus choice of space depends on what you want to do! For a graphics designer it is enough to know what the output is and act accordingly. For this purpose a designer would most likely use either a suitable CMYK/RGB standard space or a more device targetted space. Because that gives the designer control over the output medium, a print or monitor display.
In between it might be useful to use Lab or other spaces to adjust colors more easily. Possibly as device neutral source (for print simulation for example), but in the end that is less relevant as the image needs to eventually display somehow.
There is one big problem with Lab space though. It can make colors that can not be displayed in any system. So you would end up with needing to trust your profile conversion. And in the end your still bound by the colorspace of your output device.
So while Lab is good for certain computation and numeric measurement, you are still bound by your output devices. This is why we use either RGB or CMYK mostly, most of the time we prepare images for consumption. Lab still is not optimal for color interpolation or even light simulation. So at the other end of the spectrum (pun intended) you would need to store actual table of contribution of each spectrum component.
Now the radiologist is still bound by the device he looks through so if you intend the radiologist to benefit from working in Lab space then you need to be calibrating or profiling their monitors/your printers. If all you radiologists have periodically profiled wide gamut monitors then you might benefit from storing and not just manipulating the pictures in Lab space.
Now you would need to define which is more desireable, as wide conversion from your Lab space to your output device or that the devices display as closely the same result each time. And how to handle the colors that lie outside this space. By this tine you have allready dug yourself pretty deep into the near infinite hole of color management.
The reason why designers usually choose sRGB for monitors is because it is most likely to be attainable, that is for most clients even that is beyond their capability. In a closed system calibration is easier to anticipate than maximizing the gamut per device as this would mean monitor A could be better than monitor B and there is not much you can do about this (even if they are the same brand and model), in either case different every time. Even this said you would need periodic recalibration/profiling of monitors or they drift.
And then we have the white/black point and conversion intent discussion. Which I see quite pemature untill you know what problem you are trying to solve.
Personally I would say its safer to work in a device space. This minimizes the risk of puting important data off gamut for the particular device and by misconfiguration in the color matching engine clip the data out. It also ensures that your data is more safe overall if you just ignore the colormatcher alltogether and worry about local contrast. But then i do not know how much of the used hardware you can specify and maintain control over. |
82,364 | I am trying to create a gallery like [this](http://coffeescripter.com/code/ad-gallery/#ad-image-0).
It's been a while since I worked on a D6 site I am sure I have done this before on a few 2/3 year old websites.
**However, when I try configuring Views to generate my image gallery I don't get a slideshow style option**. I have attached an image to show the View configuration area to see what I mean.
Can anyone help me with this, please?
 | 2013/08/13 | [
"https://drupal.stackexchange.com/questions/82364",
"https://drupal.stackexchange.com",
"https://drupal.stackexchange.com/users/1471/"
] | It's looking like you have Views 2 installed, so, make sure you have the right Views Slideshow module installed as there is one for Views 2 and another for Views 3 per the [Views Slideshow Module](https://drupal.org/project/views_slideshow) page on drupal.org:
**Requirements**
* Views Slideshow 2.x requires Views 2.
* Views Slideshow 3.x requires Views 3. | I ran into a related issue when troubleshooting a Drupal 6 site that had been recently upgraded to a newer version of views and views slideshow. In the process, the existing slideshows had stopped working.
The problem was that Views Slideshow 2.x for Drupal 6 was changed from the earlier versions and the new version (6.x-2.4) requires you to *also* enable one of two sub-cmodules: Views Slideshow: SingleFrame or Views Slideshow: ThumbnailHover in order for it to work. Here's the relevant section of the Views Slideshow 6.x-2.4 readme file:
>
> Views Slideshow
> ===============
>
>
> The Views Slideshow module is a Views Style Plugin that can be used to output
> Views in a jQuery slideshow.
>
>
> There are currently 2 modes:
>
>
> SingleFrame
>
>
> In SingleFrame mode slideshows are output as single elements and controls can be
> displayed as numbered links or thumbnails of individual fields.
>
>
> ThumbnailHover
>
>
> In ThumbnailHover mode slideshows are output as node teasers or full nodes. The
> controls for advancing the slideshow are nodes too.
>
>
> Further details about each can be found within their respective directories.
>
>
>
I enabled SingleFrame and set it up in the view and the slideshow worked again. |
124,030 | I'm currently working on a system that manages big data and has a classification AI. However, the AI is not yet optimally trained, and I would like to gather some **True Positive (TP)** and **False Positive (FP)** examples to further train the AI and increase it's precision.
Since the data belongs to the users, it means I need to validate with them if the AI's predictions are correct, and let them be the judge of that. Taking that into consideration, I was trying to think of a way to ask the users for feedback regarding the data, something like "Is this a [*true statement*]?". However, I don't want them to think that the AI has poor performance and that the processed data cannot be trusted.
How could I ask the user for this feedback? Should I be honest and upfront? If so, how minimal can this process be? I was thinking of just an approach along the lines of the question and two buttons, meaning **yes** or **no**. | 2019/02/25 | [
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/124030",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/users/123755/"
] | Honesty definitely builds trust. The worst thing as far as building trust in a model/prediction is for it to be confident and wrong - either other situation (confident and right, or not confident and wrong) still builds trust.
Does your AI have a confidence in its classification? If that confidence is very high, don't show the user anything, or perhaps an advanced feature hidden behind a button or link for you and other power users to correct the data in any case.
If the confidence is low, hang a banner saying:
>
> We're not sure this is correct - if there is a problem, please provide feedback [here]
>
>
>
In that way, most (hopefully!) pages don't have that banner, and users perceive the benefit of the automated processes. However, when there is an issue, the user sees that the AI knew there might be an error, which further builds trust. | Is there an option to gamify it?
Where you have a pop up in the bottom right corner that just says "challenge the AI" explaining that the AI will need constant improvement to make it even better then it already is (and therefore improve their own work as well).
When clicked you enter some kind of game where you just give them a few statements.
The message on the pop up could read: "Challenge out AI in under two minutes time" or something similar.
Once the 'game' starts, limit the statements to about 5 or so maximum. After they did the 5, thank them and give them two buttons:
1: Go back
2: Challenge the AI again (another 5 statements start)
If possible within the program you might want to consider building in some sort of reward system for this. Or even have a scoreboard with all users from the same firm.
In that case, you will have to limit the number of times a user can play on a single day to 3 rounds of challenges or so.
This could all be done in a pop-up and doesn't necessarily have to take them to another screen. Meaning they can just do it after they finished a task and want to "relax a bit" before starting their next task in the program.
Hope this helps. |
80,746 | It's been a couple of thousand years since humanity bombed itself back to the stone age. Most places are now safe to travel through but there's barely any sign of the old cities, new ones have sprung up in their place. The population is recovering, the forests are being cut for fuel and ship building, people are moving to the cities as the nobility starts claiming common land as their own. Much the same circumstances that drove the original industrial revolution.
There are geological constraints to the industrial revolution, a limited number of places in which it could have taken place. South Wales being one of them as coal and iron ore were found close to each other and close to the surface.
But can it come full circle or have we mined out too many of the accessible resources? If it could happen, where would it happen? Have we as the existing generation left any regions with accessible ore and coal where it was, for example, politically difficult to extract.
### Basic Constraints
* Very near future apocalypse, no future modeling under current consumption required
Time period chosen such that:
* Any radiation, toxins or other fallout from said apocalypse have dispersed and are not an issue
* Only simple ruins of our current society remain
* No (or very basic) technological knowledge has carried over, no shortcuts
* Forests have regrown, wild animals, fish stocks, whales etc. repopulated
* No new formations of fossil fuels
* No major geological movement bringing up new ore deposits | 2017/05/12 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/80746",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/16295/"
] | The 'Industrial Revolution' preceded widespread coal and steel usage
====================================================================
According to [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Revolution),
>
> The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing
> processes in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and
> 1840.
>
>
>
Coal production didn't really kick off until the 1860s or later. I can't find a suitable time graph for the United Kingdom, but for the US here is a chart of energy consumption over time.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/JTOZR.png)
Notice that coal production is close to zero until 1840 or later. However, in the US notice that [Robert Fulton's steamboat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Fulton) made its first trip in 1807, and the first [common carrier](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimore_and_Ohio_Railroad#History), steam driven railroad opened in 1830 (thought it wasn't very long).
As for steel, here is chart of UK steel production by year.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/HJ4ZP.jpg)
As you can see the chart goes back only to 1870.
In conclusion, **the industries that required heavy mining output developed AFTER the Industrial Revolution.**
What did happen during the industrial revolution?
=================================================
To sum up the 'Important techonlogical developments' bullets from Wikipedia, here are the things that did happen during the industrial revolution, most of which would be unaffected by the lack of accessible minerals.
* **Textile manufacture**. Important inventions were made early, included the flying shuttle (1733), spinning jenny (1764), and spinning frame (1769). Factories (as opposed to the medieval putting out system) started in 1733 (donkey powered), water power applications started at least by the 1760s. On the raw materials end, Eli Whitney's cotton gin was patented in 1794. Did not require mining.
* **Metallurgy**. Use of coke, distilled from bituminous coal, to power blast furnaces (1709). Requires mining, although we saw from the charts that not so much was made until the 1850s and later. Charcoal and limited coal availability would be able to meet demand up until that point.
* **Steam Power**. Newcomen steam engines from 1712, Watt's steam engine in 1778. Does not require mining, although coal made them more efficient.
* **Machine Tools**. Boring, planing, and milling machines. Maudslay's metal lathe in 1800; Bramah's planing machine in 1802. Both of these were initially operated by human power, with a treadle. All of these can be driven by waterpower (or windpower). Alternately, steam engines driven by charcoal can be used. Does not require mining.
* **Chemicals**. Sulfuric acid by the lead chamber process (1746), sodium carbonate (1791), powdered bleach (1800). Some ingredients like limestone must be mined, though most in relatively small quantities, others like soda ash and potash can either be mined or obtained from brunt plants. Does not require large scale mining.
* **Cement**. Invented in 1824, requires clay and limestone. Needs sand and gravel to make concrete. Does require mining, but none of these ingredients is particularly rare. Should be readily available.
* **Gas Lighting**. Derived from coal gas. Did required mining.
* **Glass Making**. Cylinder blown sheet class, developed before the 1830s. Can be done with charcoal, does not require mining. Volume of glass created is not so large that it would stress charcoal supplies.
* **Paper making**. Invented in 1798. Can be water powered, does not require mining.
* **Agriculture**. Improved iron plow parts were made available by machine tool technology. Early inventions were machines (like the seed drill, or threshing machine) that were either hand or animal powered. Does not require mining.
* **Mining**. Ummm...does require mining.
* **Transporation**. Large scale application of railroads would require mining for coal and steel. However, railroad's vanquished competitor, the canal, did not. Canals developed slightly before rail, but lost to them because rails could climb hills that canals could not. Were coal and steel not available, canals are just as effective if not more so than 19th century railroads over flat land. This just serves to concentrate industry on plains.
Conclusion
==========
While development of large scale industry after 1860 would be severely limited by access to coal and steel, many of the developments that made up the industrial revolution would be possible without it. Textiles, canals, chemistry, machine tools, and especially improved agriculture would provide much of the needed developments.
It is important to notice that all the required developments for later electric technologies are there. Concrete, waterwheels, and machine tools are all that is needed to build hydroelectric dams. Once electricity is properly investigated, this post-apocalyptic civilization could proceed directly from the Industrial Revolution to electric powered society, skipping over the heavy iron and steel usage. | looking back at how minining evolved, mankind started from easily accessible mining sites, progressing to more challenging places.
The most accessible places for iron and other metals in your scenario would be, very likely, car dump sites. There it will be possible to fairly easily harvest rusted iron.
Add a surface coal mine or a forest in the surrounding and you can have some sort of metallurgy.
I am however afraid that large scale and not too challenging mining sites are practically exausted, so starting over the positive feedback between techonogly and mining will be more difficult or even impossible. |
13,877 | >
> **I:** I am not sure how many cards can best suit our manufacturing until I know the size of your cards.
>
>
> **Customer:** I expect the cards will be "poker" size.
>
>
> **I:** Poker also have different sizes, the most common poker size is 63\*88mm, is this size ok?
>
>
> **Customer:** See, this is an example of how communication can break down. There is ONE size of cards which are called "poker size". Just because you can play poker with different card sizes (e.g. mini, bridge, jumbo), doesn't mean there are different "poker card" sizes.
> I don't have a "poker size" card or ruler in front of me, so I don't know if the size you mention is actually "poker size" or if it's a "Chinese" (e.g. mistaken) poker size.
>
>
>
***Question:*** I mean if he just tells me "poker size", I still don't know the exact size because people in different countries play poker with different sized cards. Am I wrong? What does he mean? | 2013/12/24 | [
"https://boardgames.stackexchange.com/questions/13877",
"https://boardgames.stackexchange.com",
"https://boardgames.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | Your customer is right.
Playing cards come in [two sizes](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playing_card#Sizes_and_weight) - poker size and bridge size. Poker size is 63.5mm X 88.9mm. Bridge size is narrower at 56mm x 88.9mm. This makes more sense in old fashioned imperial measurements - both are 3.5 inches high, but poker cards are 2.5 inches wide while bridge cards are 2.25 inches wide.
What your customer is saying is that he knows he wants poker size, but when you give measurements he doesn't know if that is poker size, bridge size, or some other size. | The customer is not necessarily right.
He is correct in that just because Poker can be played with a deck of another size, does not mean the cards of that size are "poker size" cards. However, he is incorrect in that there is exactly one set of dimensions for a playing card that are inviolably and universally standardized as "Poker size". Just in the question, Roaring Fish's answer and aramis's comment, we've gotten three unequal dimensions.
Wikipedia states that the standard for a "poker size" card is 2.5"x3.5", which when converted to metric is 63.5x88.9mm. That same paragraph states that this is a B8 card; however, the ISO B8 paper size is *exactly* 62x88mm. So, right there, you have two different sizes based on who's doing the measuring; a U.S.-based printing house, or a European or Asian one. Conversion of the U.S. measurements to an exact millimeter value produces more very close but not quite equal measurements: the width could be 63 or 64mm, while height could be 88 or 89mm. In any case, the U.S. poker size works out to a larger card than a true B8.
Now, you might say that these differences of a millimeter or two either way are insignificant, and thus the customer is right; they're the same size. It is indeed a small difference for the player or the game designer, but printers live and die on smaller measurements than that. In this case, the ISO standards for paper and card stock measurements are used to sell the raw materials in Europe, so a printer might be starting with a B0 sheet of card stock (1m x 1.414m) to print the cards for your game. Each larger number in the size series represents a halving of the longer dimension of the next larger size, to create a sheet half the size of the larger. Producing true B8 cards from a B0 sheet of card stock is thus a relatively simple matter of dividing this sheet by 16 (2^4) in each dimension (rounding down, as some material is invariably lost to the cutting process), giving the printer 256 B8 cards per B0 sheet.
However, if the publisher were to insist, as the customer here is inferring, that poker-size cards are exactly 2.5x3.5" and no other size will do, now the sheet can only fit 15 cards on a side or 225 total, because the extra 1.5mm per card makes the B0 sheet a full quarter card too narrow, and 10mm too short, to have the extra 31 cards on the same sheet. That increases waste per B0 sheet from a mere 48 square millimeters per B0 sheet (inherent in the printing/cutting process) to 3750 square millimeters of paper you're still paying for that's now going to the landfill. More importantly, it means that a print run of a game with more than 225 cards will require a second printing line to be tooled, adjusted, proofed and manned to print the sheets with the extra cards, and that *dramatically* increases print costs, as well as the handling costs of splitting, sorting and packaging the extra sheet's worth of cards into the game boxes (and the intangible costs of the game being thought of as a screwup by customers should the packers get it wrong). These changes will definitely lead to a printer charging the publisher a higher cost per copy, and that can influence the decision of which printer to use, increasing the pricepoint of the game. If the size of the game box has to change in order to accomodate the just-slightly-larger cards (uncommon with board games, but card game boxes are a pretty tight fit to the decks inside), that can throw off the pallet stacking, so fewer boxes can fit on a standard pallet, meaning you're now spending money to ship the air between the game boxes instead of the game itself. All for 1mm (or less) on each side in the dimension of a card.
So, Mr. Customer, there are at least 6 different permutations of exact measurement that are feasible for a "poker size" card, and the *exact* size of the playing cards you want can in fact make or break the financial success of your game. Whether it will or not, we can't know until you give us exact specifications, at which time we can design the printing plates of the game and give you a number, and possible ways to reduce inefficiency and save you money if you're willing to alter the game design. |
3,965,351 | I'm starting to learn to use Inkscape, and I'm going through [this tutorial](http://www.libregraphicsworld.org/articles.php?article_id=7) on creating a shiny clockface.
Each hour position is represented by a circle, so I want to place the circle's rotation cross mark is the absolute center of the circle, as well as put the circle at one of the 12/3/6/9 o'clock positions, as in this picture:
I can't figure out how to enable guides (the blue horizontal and vertical lines in the pic) to help me center and snap everything into the correct place, though.
Any ideas? (I'm using the latest version of Inkscape on Mac OS X.) | 2010/10/19 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3965351",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/231588/"
] | [Guide Lines](http://tavmjong.free.fr/INKSCAPE/MANUAL/html/AShortExampleEU.html) may be what you need. A horizontal guide can be dragged from the middle of the horizontal ruler onto the drawing field. Similarly a vertical guide from the middle of the vertical ruler. | Inkscape currently (v 0.48) doesn't have any smart way of placing guides, but you can use some tricks to get around it:
1. draw any object (dot, rectangle, whatever)
2. place it where you want using the Align and distribute tool
3. then do "Object -> Object to guides".
For example, to place vertical and horizontal guides at 50% of the page do:
1. "Edit -> Guides around page"
2. Draw a rectangle so that it snaps to the corners of the guides
3. "Object -> Transform ..."
4. Select "Scale tab", enter 50% width and height, Apply
5. Move the rectangle to upper left corner of the page
6. then do "Object -> Object to guides" and you get guides at 50% of the page.
If you want to precisely move the guide, double click it.
To change the angle of the guide, hold down `shift` key and click and drag it with the mouse. To get 45° diagonal guides, pull them in from the beginning or end of the page ruler (i.e. from the top left, top right or bottom left corner). |
2,808,980 | My client wants to Migrating their custom developed php project to cake php framework. But, as of now i have only a bit of knowledge in CAKE. can anyone please let me know where do i get started CAKE php. i have already installed CAKE in my system | 2010/05/11 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2808980",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/336040/"
] | Where do you get started? Probably on the [CakePHP](http://cakephp.org/) website?
Seriously, watch some screencasts, download some example apps and mess around with them. | CakePHP has a sweet steep learning curve. I recommend to go with the new 1.3 version.
It is easy to start with the [CakePHP Book](http://book.cakephp.org/) and the [API documentation](http://api13.cakephp.org/). When in doubt, just look into the source code, it's all just PHP! Google should be also a good friend of yours. However CakePHP is "just" a programming framework, you must know PHP, ORM, MVC and similar concepts in advance. |
5,677,764 | My website is multi-language. I'm using php files to define my words / sentences in several languages.
My problem is that my website contains .js files, in which i can't write php code.
What I am suppose to do when I need to make an alert containing some sentence or some word in my .js file ?
Thanks | 2011/04/15 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/5677764",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/709921/"
] | You COULD have your js utilize a json obj or an array of strings...
PHP could then create these and write the json or array in the head section on page load.. | you can save you JS files as FILENAME.js.php... Within them you can run some Magic. |
5,677,764 | My website is multi-language. I'm using php files to define my words / sentences in several languages.
My problem is that my website contains .js files, in which i can't write php code.
What I am suppose to do when I need to make an alert containing some sentence or some word in my .js file ?
Thanks | 2011/04/15 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/5677764",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/709921/"
] | You COULD have your js utilize a json obj or an array of strings...
PHP could then create these and write the json or array in the head section on page load.. | Ajax and JSON is the best way to do this. But you can actually make put PHP is javascript files, with a little htaccess manipulation. |
1,335,279 | I came across Side-by-side Assemblies for the first time today while trying to install a Debug install set to a test machine. I managed it in the end, but was left with several questions:
1. Whare are Side-by-side assemblies?
2. How does Windows deal with these assemblies differently from other assemblies
3. How do applications depending on Side-by-side assemblies deal with these differently from normal assemblies
4. Under what situations might someone want to create a Side-by-side assembly? | 2009/08/26 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1335279",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/113141/"
] | A starting point for understanding side-by-side assemblies and what they're for would probably be the "[Isolated Applications and Side-by-Side Assemblies](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd408052%28VS.85%29.aspx)" reference on MSDN.
Essentially, side-by-side assemblies are a way to ensure that a given application will *always* use a specific version of a DLL, particularly Windows system DLLs (such as the Common Controls), no matter the Service Packs, Updates or new applications installed after it.
Other links of interest:
* [MSDN: Side-by-side assemblies (windows)](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa376307%28VS.85%29.aspx)
* [Wikipedia: Side-by-side Assembly](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Side-by-Side_Assembly) | Side-by-side assemblies are collection of resources available at runtime. They may be collection of dlls, classes, type libraries or interfaces. An applicfation with all components as side-by-side assemblies is called an isolated application.
Side-by-side assemblies provide a way for implementing multiple dlls in one assembly
<http://www.mazecomputer.com/sxs/help/manifests.htm> |
6,520,854 | I want to multiple photos in one go. How to implement uploading multiple photos in one go? | 2011/06/29 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/6520854",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/463857/"
] | I've used this several times in the past, and find its a great way to upload multiple images. It tracks the upload progress too:
<http://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/FlashUpload.aspx> | Check below link:
<http://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/prathore/MultipleImagesUpload05122009042335AM/MultipleImagesUpload.aspx> |
122,330 | The Invisibility spell reads thus:
>
> A creature you touch becomes invisible until the spell ends. Anything the target is wearing or carrying is invisible as long as it is on the target's person. **The spell ends for a target that attacks or casts a spell.**
>
>
>
This doesn't specify whether it refers to taking the Attack action, or rolling an attack roll. I thought this usually defaulted to making an attack roll, but, [this answer](https://rpg.stackexchange.com/a/103511/16395) claims that if you take the Ready action, the Invisibility spell would not end, since it's not an Attack action or a Cast a Spell action.
Is that a correct reading? It seems to clearly be against RAI at least, if not also against RAW. What would stop someone from taking the Ready action with a condition that basically immediately resolves? For instance, I could choose as the perceivable circumstance, "when I feel the ground beneath my feet" which is true already, so would trigger right away. Then you could attack or cast a spell as normal.
Wouldn't this make the Invisibility spell not much different to Greater Invisibility? Sure it uses a reaction and probably means you can't use an extra attack... but it still seems a bit wrong. | 2018/05/11 | [
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/questions/122330",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/users/16395/"
] | You can ready one attack without breaking invisibility, but not a spell.
========================================================================
Readying an action allows you to use your action to act outside of your turn. This allows you to ready an attack action which you will execute later. Once you do execute it, you will have made an attack and will break invisibility. Note that it doesn't matter if you make your attack using the Attack action or any other feature.
Readying a spell is a different story, the rules for readying an action state:
>
> When you ready a spell, you cast it as normal but hold its energy, which you release with your reaction when the trigger occurs.
>
>
>
Since you need to cast the spell right away in order to ready it, you will break invisibility immediately.
**Balance concerns**
The ability to make a single attack before breaking invisibility doesn't break anything since you could do that simply with a regular Attack action during your turn. | You totally can ready the Attack action, which as it is not an attack or a spell, won't break invisibility.
However, as soon as you use your reaction to attack, you *are* attacking and you will therefore lose your invisibility. Note that in the description they say 'attack' to mean any sort of attack, not just the Attack action so other things that your DM considers attacks would break your invisibility. |
187,541 | I'm looking for good lecture notes (or concise books) that develop probability theory from a measure theoretic point of view. In particular, I'm looking for a text where the measure theoretic part is developed only as far as needed for probability theory. (I'm not really interested in measure theory on its own.) | 2012/08/27 | [
"https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/187541",
"https://math.stackexchange.com",
"https://math.stackexchange.com/users/32356/"
] | Although it is a rather thick book I recommend Billingsley's [Probability and Measure](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/0471007102). | How about [www.probability.net](http://www.probability.net) for a nice introduction... |
187,541 | I'm looking for good lecture notes (or concise books) that develop probability theory from a measure theoretic point of view. In particular, I'm looking for a text where the measure theoretic part is developed only as far as needed for probability theory. (I'm not really interested in measure theory on its own.) | 2012/08/27 | [
"https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/187541",
"https://math.stackexchange.com",
"https://math.stackexchange.com/users/32356/"
] | I suggest David Pollard's [A User's Guide to Measure Theoretic Probability](http://books.google.fr/books/about/A_User_s_Guide_to_Measure_Theoretic_Prob.html?id=B7Ch-c2G21MC&redir_esc=y), published in 2002. | I'd recommend Doob's *Measure Theory*. It does a nice job at blending probability with measure theory, perhaps close to the style you're looking for. |
187,541 | I'm looking for good lecture notes (or concise books) that develop probability theory from a measure theoretic point of view. In particular, I'm looking for a text where the measure theoretic part is developed only as far as needed for probability theory. (I'm not really interested in measure theory on its own.) | 2012/08/27 | [
"https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/187541",
"https://math.stackexchange.com",
"https://math.stackexchange.com/users/32356/"
] | I suggest David Pollard's [A User's Guide to Measure Theoretic Probability](http://books.google.fr/books/about/A_User_s_Guide_to_Measure_Theoretic_Prob.html?id=B7Ch-c2G21MC&redir_esc=y), published in 2002. | How about [www.probability.net](http://www.probability.net) for a nice introduction... |
187,541 | I'm looking for good lecture notes (or concise books) that develop probability theory from a measure theoretic point of view. In particular, I'm looking for a text where the measure theoretic part is developed only as far as needed for probability theory. (I'm not really interested in measure theory on its own.) | 2012/08/27 | [
"https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/187541",
"https://math.stackexchange.com",
"https://math.stackexchange.com/users/32356/"
] | I suggest [A first look at rigorous probability](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/9812703713) by Jeffrey Rosenthal. | I suggest David Pollard's [A User's Guide to Measure Theoretic Probability](http://books.google.fr/books/about/A_User_s_Guide_to_Measure_Theoretic_Prob.html?id=B7Ch-c2G21MC&redir_esc=y), published in 2002. |
187,541 | I'm looking for good lecture notes (or concise books) that develop probability theory from a measure theoretic point of view. In particular, I'm looking for a text where the measure theoretic part is developed only as far as needed for probability theory. (I'm not really interested in measure theory on its own.) | 2012/08/27 | [
"https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/187541",
"https://math.stackexchange.com",
"https://math.stackexchange.com/users/32356/"
] | I suggest [A first look at rigorous probability](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/9812703713) by Jeffrey Rosenthal. | Although it is little terse, I like Durrett's [Probability: Theory and Examples](http://www.math.duke.edu/~rtd/PTE/pte.html). |
187,541 | I'm looking for good lecture notes (or concise books) that develop probability theory from a measure theoretic point of view. In particular, I'm looking for a text where the measure theoretic part is developed only as far as needed for probability theory. (I'm not really interested in measure theory on its own.) | 2012/08/27 | [
"https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/187541",
"https://math.stackexchange.com",
"https://math.stackexchange.com/users/32356/"
] | Although it is little terse, I like Durrett's [Probability: Theory and Examples](http://www.math.duke.edu/~rtd/PTE/pte.html). | I'd recommend Doob's *Measure Theory*. It does a nice job at blending probability with measure theory, perhaps close to the style you're looking for. |
187,541 | I'm looking for good lecture notes (or concise books) that develop probability theory from a measure theoretic point of view. In particular, I'm looking for a text where the measure theoretic part is developed only as far as needed for probability theory. (I'm not really interested in measure theory on its own.) | 2012/08/27 | [
"https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/187541",
"https://math.stackexchange.com",
"https://math.stackexchange.com/users/32356/"
] | I suggest [A first look at rigorous probability](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/9812703713) by Jeffrey Rosenthal. | I'd recommend Doob's *Measure Theory*. It does a nice job at blending probability with measure theory, perhaps close to the style you're looking for. |
187,541 | I'm looking for good lecture notes (or concise books) that develop probability theory from a measure theoretic point of view. In particular, I'm looking for a text where the measure theoretic part is developed only as far as needed for probability theory. (I'm not really interested in measure theory on its own.) | 2012/08/27 | [
"https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/187541",
"https://math.stackexchange.com",
"https://math.stackexchange.com/users/32356/"
] | My favorite introduction to measure theoretic probability is [Probability with Martingales](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/0521406056) by David Williams. The book is very well written and fun to read.
A text that is easier, but IMO less fun is [A Probability Path](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/081764055X) by Sidney Resnick. That book provides you with all the details and does everything in small steps.
A very concise book that contains the essentials is [Probability Theory](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/0821828525) by S. R. S. Varadhan | Although it is a rather thick book I recommend Billingsley's [Probability and Measure](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/0471007102). |
187,541 | I'm looking for good lecture notes (or concise books) that develop probability theory from a measure theoretic point of view. In particular, I'm looking for a text where the measure theoretic part is developed only as far as needed for probability theory. (I'm not really interested in measure theory on its own.) | 2012/08/27 | [
"https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/187541",
"https://math.stackexchange.com",
"https://math.stackexchange.com/users/32356/"
] | My favorite introduction to measure theoretic probability is [Probability with Martingales](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/0521406056) by David Williams. The book is very well written and fun to read.
A text that is easier, but IMO less fun is [A Probability Path](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/081764055X) by Sidney Resnick. That book provides you with all the details and does everything in small steps.
A very concise book that contains the essentials is [Probability Theory](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/0821828525) by S. R. S. Varadhan | I'd recommend Doob's *Measure Theory*. It does a nice job at blending probability with measure theory, perhaps close to the style you're looking for. |
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