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train · 1.05M rows

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46,313	![enter image description here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/gJA0y.jpg) The leaves are very light brown it’s not a healthy green color. One other plant has black spots in the center.	2019/06/15	[ "https://gardening.stackexchange.com/questions/46313", "https://gardening.stackexchange.com", "https://gardening.stackexchange.com/users/26095/" ]	It looks pretty close to dead. I would throw it out , buy another pineapple, cut off the top and root it. They root very easily : when watering be sure to put some water in the center . Bromeliads seem to need water in the center more than in the soil.	The pineapple is a member of the Bromeliad family, Ananas comosus. Keep this one watered just in case but start another one. Cut off the top with about an inch of the pineapple. Set it aside for a few days for the moist pineapple to dry up. Plant it in a well draining soil. Water from the top but keep the soil damp. The pineapple develops a good root system but benefits from water in the crown.
45,588	At this point, I have yet to actually touch an Arduino. I'm toying with the RPi3 along with Home Assistant, but I'm always thinking of ways to do useless things that are fun. Let's say I had a kitchen with 32 cabinet doors and drawers and I wanted to make sure that each one had a switch that would detect a simple on/off state. That would translate to a map whereby a visual indicator would show that something's "ajar." * Is this the best approach to achieve this goal? * How many Arduino boards would this require, and/or are there other methods or concepts to achieve the same ultimate goal? Thanks!	2017/10/14	[ "https://arduino.stackexchange.com/questions/45588", "https://arduino.stackexchange.com", "https://arduino.stackexchange.com/users/38940/" ]	Touch less sensors (IR, magnetic hall), detecting drawer state. 1pc Arduino with I/O expanders to increase I/O ports.	Since you are just starting out, start simple and build from there. Build a system that can handle one cabinet door. By doing that, you will learn a lot of the basics, without the risk of having to troubleshoot a large complex system. The most common sensor to detect open or closed door is called a [reed switch](https://www.sparkfun.com/products/10601). They are low cost and simple to use. The number of Arduinos required is mainly dependent on how much wiring you want to do. I would probably choose one battery-powered Arduino with wireless communication for each door, to avoid having wires between cabinets at all.
5,257	I have a fairly new HP Compaq 6715b laptop. It is running Windows Vista Business 64-bit with the latest drivers and HP updates for the Broadcom network adaptor. My problem is that I can only get the wireless networking to detect networks when I am very close to the wireless access point (within about 5 meters). I have the same problem when connecting to the wireless network at work, at home and in public areas, so I don't think the issue is with the access points. At home I have an older laptop and Nintendo Wii that can both see and connect to the wireless network at distances far greater than my HP laptop, so again, I think this points to a problem with the laptop itself. What I have noticed is that the wireless network strength is only ever reported as Excellent, I can't even see networks with a lower strength. Has anyone seen this problem before, and does anyone have any suggestions?	2009/05/06	[ "https://serverfault.com/questions/5257", "https://serverfault.com", "https://serverfault.com/users/2071/" ]	From what I can see on the 'net, it looks like that laptop has PCIe slots, so you should open it up and make sure that your antennas are actually connected to your PCIe wireless card - the connectors are tiny, and sometimes a bit "fiddly" so they could have jarred loose or somesuch. Failing that, it sounds like it might be time to test out your warranty.	I'd say this is a fault with the wireless network card in your laptop. Has it always been like this, or has it degraded over time? If its still in warranty I would get it looked at by HP and repaired.
719,239	I'm targeting these two certificates. But I don't really know that how they affect my CV, and, of course, my salary. Are they truly valuable? Do they make differences in your work and your position before and after you get it?	2009/04/05	[ "https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/719239", "https://Stackoverflow.com", "https://Stackoverflow.com/users/79109/" ]	They may be the tie breaker between you and another candidate for a job, which is far more relevant these days. Your experience is irrelevant although the exams are easier the more you have. The biggest issue is the detractors and nay-sayers: "easy", "worthless", "only Microsoft" etc * If it's so easy, why not have it? * If it's so worthless, why do so many people go for it? It shows interest in learning and self-development, which is not as common as you think. As well as being prepared to invest your own time and money into your career. BTW, I'm a SQL Server 2000 MCDBA since 2002, with 6 of 7 MCSE exams too: I must upgrade mine... Edit, Feb 2018 I think they are devalued now. Experience and knowledge matter more now	it depends on where you are in your career. For entry level positions then it's definitely a yes. The courses cover enough material so that you'll know your way around SQL Server, but certs wont make you an expert. Having a certification also shows a basic level of competency. If your further along in your career & you work as a SQL DBA or developer & have been with SQL for a few versions then they're probably less valuable if all your looking to do i to get up-to-date with the differences & new features. Nonetheless if you want to go down the path of becoming a certified trainer, or your organization wants to become a microsoft partner, then certification is a must. Then there's the I'm a member of an exclusive club bragging rights. According to [these published microsoft numbers](http://www.microsoft.com/learning/mcp/certified.mspx) there's only 228 certified database administrators for 2008 and 3,233 certified developers for 2008.
719,239	I'm targeting these two certificates. But I don't really know that how they affect my CV, and, of course, my salary. Are they truly valuable? Do they make differences in your work and your position before and after you get it?	2009/04/05	[ "https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/719239", "https://Stackoverflow.com", "https://Stackoverflow.com/users/79109/" ]	There's several parts to this question: But I don't really know that how they affect my CV, The cert is like icing on the cake, but nobody just wants to eat icing. If it's the best thing on your CV, then it's a help. For example, if you're fresh out of college and you have zero experience, then these certifications show that you've learned a technology that's new and relevant. Colleges don't teach the same information footprint that these certs cover - college degrees are great for the theory behind what you're doing, and the certs are a little more applicable to what you're doing hands-on as a developer or DBA on that particular technology. It's not as good as real experience, though. If you've got, say, 2 years of hands-on database development or administration, then that probably trumps a cert in most cases. and, of course, my salary. It's not going to matter significantly. If you have the choice between doing four weekends of consulting versus four weekends of studying for the cert, then you're going to make more out of the consulting. In theory, the certs will raise your billable rate, but if you're even asking that question, you're not at the point of your career where this is going to make a difference. Instead, go ask your manager what they wish they could accomplish in the next two months. Tell 'em you're willing to take on their pet project in your side time to help both of you. Deliver some new piece of code, some new utility, clean up a database, save them licensing, whatever it is, and you'll be more likely to get a raise than if you go get a cert. And when you're picking side projects, pick something that you can put on your resume. "Reduced licensing costs by $120k through a successful server consolidation project" says a lot more to employers than "MCITP." Are they truly valuable? Things that are easy to get are not valuable. Some certs (like the Microsoft Certified Master) are valuable. The ones you can get in a few weekends of studying - not so valuable. Do they make differences in your work No, but the studying that you do to PREPARE for these exams will make a difference in your work. In the course of studying, you'll learn tips, tricks and features that you can leverage in your development/DBA work. and your position before and after you get it? If you think you're going to get a raise simply by showing your MCITP, you're on the wrong track. Ask your manager for a frank and honest evaluation of your work. Tell them that you want to make sure your career keeps moving, and that you'd like their advice on what you should do next. If you don't like your manager, ask your mentor - find a programmer who's already doing what you wish you were doing, and ask 'em how they got there. It's probably not by getting a cert.	it depends on where you are in your career. For entry level positions then it's definitely a yes. The courses cover enough material so that you'll know your way around SQL Server, but certs wont make you an expert. Having a certification also shows a basic level of competency. If your further along in your career & you work as a SQL DBA or developer & have been with SQL for a few versions then they're probably less valuable if all your looking to do i to get up-to-date with the differences & new features. Nonetheless if you want to go down the path of becoming a certified trainer, or your organization wants to become a microsoft partner, then certification is a must. Then there's the I'm a member of an exclusive club bragging rights. According to [these published microsoft numbers](http://www.microsoft.com/learning/mcp/certified.mspx) there's only 228 certified database administrators for 2008 and 3,233 certified developers for 2008.
719,239	I'm targeting these two certificates. But I don't really know that how they affect my CV, and, of course, my salary. Are they truly valuable? Do they make differences in your work and your position before and after you get it?	2009/04/05	[ "https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/719239", "https://Stackoverflow.com", "https://Stackoverflow.com/users/79109/" ]	There's several parts to this question: But I don't really know that how they affect my CV, The cert is like icing on the cake, but nobody just wants to eat icing. If it's the best thing on your CV, then it's a help. For example, if you're fresh out of college and you have zero experience, then these certifications show that you've learned a technology that's new and relevant. Colleges don't teach the same information footprint that these certs cover - college degrees are great for the theory behind what you're doing, and the certs are a little more applicable to what you're doing hands-on as a developer or DBA on that particular technology. It's not as good as real experience, though. If you've got, say, 2 years of hands-on database development or administration, then that probably trumps a cert in most cases. and, of course, my salary. It's not going to matter significantly. If you have the choice between doing four weekends of consulting versus four weekends of studying for the cert, then you're going to make more out of the consulting. In theory, the certs will raise your billable rate, but if you're even asking that question, you're not at the point of your career where this is going to make a difference. Instead, go ask your manager what they wish they could accomplish in the next two months. Tell 'em you're willing to take on their pet project in your side time to help both of you. Deliver some new piece of code, some new utility, clean up a database, save them licensing, whatever it is, and you'll be more likely to get a raise than if you go get a cert. And when you're picking side projects, pick something that you can put on your resume. "Reduced licensing costs by $120k through a successful server consolidation project" says a lot more to employers than "MCITP." Are they truly valuable? Things that are easy to get are not valuable. Some certs (like the Microsoft Certified Master) are valuable. The ones you can get in a few weekends of studying - not so valuable. Do they make differences in your work No, but the studying that you do to PREPARE for these exams will make a difference in your work. In the course of studying, you'll learn tips, tricks and features that you can leverage in your development/DBA work. and your position before and after you get it? If you think you're going to get a raise simply by showing your MCITP, you're on the wrong track. Ask your manager for a frank and honest evaluation of your work. Tell them that you want to make sure your career keeps moving, and that you'd like their advice on what you should do next. If you don't like your manager, ask your mentor - find a programmer who's already doing what you wish you were doing, and ask 'em how they got there. It's probably not by getting a cert.	They may be the tie breaker between you and another candidate for a job, which is far more relevant these days. Your experience is irrelevant although the exams are easier the more you have. The biggest issue is the detractors and nay-sayers: "easy", "worthless", "only Microsoft" etc * If it's so easy, why not have it? * If it's so worthless, why do so many people go for it? It shows interest in learning and self-development, which is not as common as you think. As well as being prepared to invest your own time and money into your career. BTW, I'm a SQL Server 2000 MCDBA since 2002, with 6 of 7 MCSE exams too: I must upgrade mine... Edit, Feb 2018 I think they are devalued now. Experience and knowledge matter more now
719,239	I'm targeting these two certificates. But I don't really know that how they affect my CV, and, of course, my salary. Are they truly valuable? Do they make differences in your work and your position before and after you get it?	2009/04/05	[ "https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/719239", "https://Stackoverflow.com", "https://Stackoverflow.com/users/79109/" ]	They may be the tie breaker between you and another candidate for a job, which is far more relevant these days. Your experience is irrelevant although the exams are easier the more you have. The biggest issue is the detractors and nay-sayers: "easy", "worthless", "only Microsoft" etc * If it's so easy, why not have it? * If it's so worthless, why do so many people go for it? It shows interest in learning and self-development, which is not as common as you think. As well as being prepared to invest your own time and money into your career. BTW, I'm a SQL Server 2000 MCDBA since 2002, with 6 of 7 MCSE exams too: I must upgrade mine... Edit, Feb 2018 I think they are devalued now. Experience and knowledge matter more now	Some good points are made here. I agree about certification being the icing on the cake--it definitely makes a cake better than one with no icing, but a cake without icing can still hold it's own. As was mentioned, nobody wants to eat JUST the icing. Also note that icing tends to go on last. I recently got a job at a very data driven SaaS company as a SQL Server DBA. I had experience as a SQL Developer and no certification. That said, I indicated I was willing to learn and now they're having me do the cert under pain of death. Why? As was pointed out above, if your company is a MS partner they REQUIRE certified people. I don't know the specifics of the deal but those who say the cert isn't valuable (in terms of raw $$) may not be thinking beyond their own desks. I'm also getting a bonus for doing the cert because it really is resulting in immediate benefit to the company, not to mention the knowledge I'm acquiring in preparing for the exams. It doesn't in any way make up for lack of experience I agree, but the point is I already have some under my belt so for me the cert is valuable and needed. The whole experience thing is really key for a DBA role, I'd say more so than a developer or sysadmin role. Not very many companies are going to hand the keys to their precious data over to a newbie. Just try searching job sites for "Junior DBA" if you don't believe me. Developers and Sysadmins can be pretty darned powerful and important but there tends to be more of them and more need for junior roles. If you aren't a DBA, have no SQL experience and want in then I suggest becoming a developer or sysadmin first. Try to get as much hands on with SQL Server as possible in that job, then you'll be in a position to transition to DBA.
719,239	I'm targeting these two certificates. But I don't really know that how they affect my CV, and, of course, my salary. Are they truly valuable? Do they make differences in your work and your position before and after you get it?	2009/04/05	[ "https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/719239", "https://Stackoverflow.com", "https://Stackoverflow.com/users/79109/" ]	There's several parts to this question: But I don't really know that how they affect my CV, The cert is like icing on the cake, but nobody just wants to eat icing. If it's the best thing on your CV, then it's a help. For example, if you're fresh out of college and you have zero experience, then these certifications show that you've learned a technology that's new and relevant. Colleges don't teach the same information footprint that these certs cover - college degrees are great for the theory behind what you're doing, and the certs are a little more applicable to what you're doing hands-on as a developer or DBA on that particular technology. It's not as good as real experience, though. If you've got, say, 2 years of hands-on database development or administration, then that probably trumps a cert in most cases. and, of course, my salary. It's not going to matter significantly. If you have the choice between doing four weekends of consulting versus four weekends of studying for the cert, then you're going to make more out of the consulting. In theory, the certs will raise your billable rate, but if you're even asking that question, you're not at the point of your career where this is going to make a difference. Instead, go ask your manager what they wish they could accomplish in the next two months. Tell 'em you're willing to take on their pet project in your side time to help both of you. Deliver some new piece of code, some new utility, clean up a database, save them licensing, whatever it is, and you'll be more likely to get a raise than if you go get a cert. And when you're picking side projects, pick something that you can put on your resume. "Reduced licensing costs by $120k through a successful server consolidation project" says a lot more to employers than "MCITP." Are they truly valuable? Things that are easy to get are not valuable. Some certs (like the Microsoft Certified Master) are valuable. The ones you can get in a few weekends of studying - not so valuable. Do they make differences in your work No, but the studying that you do to PREPARE for these exams will make a difference in your work. In the course of studying, you'll learn tips, tricks and features that you can leverage in your development/DBA work. and your position before and after you get it? If you think you're going to get a raise simply by showing your MCITP, you're on the wrong track. Ask your manager for a frank and honest evaluation of your work. Tell them that you want to make sure your career keeps moving, and that you'd like their advice on what you should do next. If you don't like your manager, ask your mentor - find a programmer who's already doing what you wish you were doing, and ask 'em how they got there. It's probably not by getting a cert.	Some good points are made here. I agree about certification being the icing on the cake--it definitely makes a cake better than one with no icing, but a cake without icing can still hold it's own. As was mentioned, nobody wants to eat JUST the icing. Also note that icing tends to go on last. I recently got a job at a very data driven SaaS company as a SQL Server DBA. I had experience as a SQL Developer and no certification. That said, I indicated I was willing to learn and now they're having me do the cert under pain of death. Why? As was pointed out above, if your company is a MS partner they REQUIRE certified people. I don't know the specifics of the deal but those who say the cert isn't valuable (in terms of raw $$) may not be thinking beyond their own desks. I'm also getting a bonus for doing the cert because it really is resulting in immediate benefit to the company, not to mention the knowledge I'm acquiring in preparing for the exams. It doesn't in any way make up for lack of experience I agree, but the point is I already have some under my belt so for me the cert is valuable and needed. The whole experience thing is really key for a DBA role, I'd say more so than a developer or sysadmin role. Not very many companies are going to hand the keys to their precious data over to a newbie. Just try searching job sites for "Junior DBA" if you don't believe me. Developers and Sysadmins can be pretty darned powerful and important but there tends to be more of them and more need for junior roles. If you aren't a DBA, have no SQL experience and want in then I suggest becoming a developer or sysadmin first. Try to get as much hands on with SQL Server as possible in that job, then you'll be in a position to transition to DBA.
714,872	My physics teacher told me the statement "The energy of a capacitor is stored in its electric field". Now this confuses me a bit. I understand the energy of a capacitor as a result of the work done in charging it, doing work against the fields created by the charges added, and that the energy density of a capacitor depends on the field inside it. But how exactly do I interpret energy being stored "within" a field? I saw that there have been similar questions asked here, but I wasn't able to understand the answers clearly, or found them unsatisfactory.	2022/06/21	[ "https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/714872", "https://physics.stackexchange.com", "https://physics.stackexchange.com/users/316717/" ]	What "is" an electric field? One way to look at the world is to see it as a cellular automaton; something resembling [Conway's game of life](https://playgameoflife.com/). Of course it's not so simple — the playing field looks different from observer to observer, everything is fuzzy etc. — but as a mental model it's quite productive. Each little volume has a set of properties which interact with other properties and propagate with each "tick" (only) to neighboring cells, thusly establishing the speed of light. Such properties are essentially a set of "influences" on various kinds of "particles"1: Charges are attracted, repelled or deflected. Matter is attracted. Quarks are glued together. These "influences" are what we call "fields" in a macroscopic view. Fields are properties of points in space time that describe how this point in space time interacts with "particles". How can a field store energy? One of these is the electrostatic field, for example between capacitor plates. It can accelerate charges, which means that it gives them kinetic energy. **The field can do work on matter; that is why we say it "contains" that energy.** Like all energy it is conserved: Charges flowing along the field will weaken it until its energy is gone. "How" exactly it stores the energy is a somewhat meaningless question: "How" does a missile store its kinetic energy? Fields and their energy are properties of spacetime volumes; that is all we can say. While "fields" (i.e., spacetime properties) are "concepts" they do have a certain reality (beyond the fact that we can measure "their" effect, which is somewhat circular): Their energy actually makes the space heavy, although that wording is a bit awkward: Energy is mass, so it doesn't make anything heavy, it is heavy. If you want a bit of pop science, a magnetic field strong enough could conceivably be "heavy" enough to [produce a black hole](https://www.wtamu.edu/%7Ecbaird/sq/2014/08/21/what-is-the-strongest-magnetic-field-possible-is-there-a-limit/), unless something else happens first, like spontaneous pair production etc. There is no principle reason why this should not be possible with other fields as well. --- 1 I'm putting "particles" in quotes because what we call "particles" is, at a closer look, a volume with special set of properties that just happen to perpetuate themselves, sometimes infinitely, sometimes not.	The energy is not really anywhere. It's like saying where is the momentum? it's not something you can see or touch; it just happens to be a conserved quantity that is useful. There are many gimmicks and tricks to calculate such quantites and some otehr visual aids, but those are not fundanental. You should think of energy mathematically, not as some ghost material that floats into space.
714,872	My physics teacher told me the statement "The energy of a capacitor is stored in its electric field". Now this confuses me a bit. I understand the energy of a capacitor as a result of the work done in charging it, doing work against the fields created by the charges added, and that the energy density of a capacitor depends on the field inside it. But how exactly do I interpret energy being stored "within" a field? I saw that there have been similar questions asked here, but I wasn't able to understand the answers clearly, or found them unsatisfactory.	2022/06/21	[ "https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/714872", "https://physics.stackexchange.com", "https://physics.stackexchange.com/users/316717/" ]	What "is" an electric field? One way to look at the world is to see it as a cellular automaton; something resembling [Conway's game of life](https://playgameoflife.com/). Of course it's not so simple — the playing field looks different from observer to observer, everything is fuzzy etc. — but as a mental model it's quite productive. Each little volume has a set of properties which interact with other properties and propagate with each "tick" (only) to neighboring cells, thusly establishing the speed of light. Such properties are essentially a set of "influences" on various kinds of "particles"1: Charges are attracted, repelled or deflected. Matter is attracted. Quarks are glued together. These "influences" are what we call "fields" in a macroscopic view. Fields are properties of points in space time that describe how this point in space time interacts with "particles". How can a field store energy? One of these is the electrostatic field, for example between capacitor plates. It can accelerate charges, which means that it gives them kinetic energy. **The field can do work on matter; that is why we say it "contains" that energy.** Like all energy it is conserved: Charges flowing along the field will weaken it until its energy is gone. "How" exactly it stores the energy is a somewhat meaningless question: "How" does a missile store its kinetic energy? Fields and their energy are properties of spacetime volumes; that is all we can say. While "fields" (i.e., spacetime properties) are "concepts" they do have a certain reality (beyond the fact that we can measure "their" effect, which is somewhat circular): Their energy actually makes the space heavy, although that wording is a bit awkward: Energy is mass, so it doesn't make anything heavy, it is heavy. If you want a bit of pop science, a magnetic field strong enough could conceivably be "heavy" enough to [produce a black hole](https://www.wtamu.edu/%7Ecbaird/sq/2014/08/21/what-is-the-strongest-magnetic-field-possible-is-there-a-limit/), unless something else happens first, like spontaneous pair production etc. There is no principle reason why this should not be possible with other fields as well. --- 1 I'm putting "particles" in quotes because what we call "particles" is, at a closer look, a volume with special set of properties that just happen to perpetuate themselves, sometimes infinitely, sometimes not.	It's a model, created to capture what is seen in experiments. If we attribute the energy of an electromagnetic interaction to the fields, we get the right answer. We don't have an alternative that works. There is no deeper explanation.
714,872	My physics teacher told me the statement "The energy of a capacitor is stored in its electric field". Now this confuses me a bit. I understand the energy of a capacitor as a result of the work done in charging it, doing work against the fields created by the charges added, and that the energy density of a capacitor depends on the field inside it. But how exactly do I interpret energy being stored "within" a field? I saw that there have been similar questions asked here, but I wasn't able to understand the answers clearly, or found them unsatisfactory.	2022/06/21	[ "https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/714872", "https://physics.stackexchange.com", "https://physics.stackexchange.com/users/316717/" ]	What "is" an electric field? One way to look at the world is to see it as a cellular automaton; something resembling [Conway's game of life](https://playgameoflife.com/). Of course it's not so simple — the playing field looks different from observer to observer, everything is fuzzy etc. — but as a mental model it's quite productive. Each little volume has a set of properties which interact with other properties and propagate with each "tick" (only) to neighboring cells, thusly establishing the speed of light. Such properties are essentially a set of "influences" on various kinds of "particles"1: Charges are attracted, repelled or deflected. Matter is attracted. Quarks are glued together. These "influences" are what we call "fields" in a macroscopic view. Fields are properties of points in space time that describe how this point in space time interacts with "particles". How can a field store energy? One of these is the electrostatic field, for example between capacitor plates. It can accelerate charges, which means that it gives them kinetic energy. **The field can do work on matter; that is why we say it "contains" that energy.** Like all energy it is conserved: Charges flowing along the field will weaken it until its energy is gone. "How" exactly it stores the energy is a somewhat meaningless question: "How" does a missile store its kinetic energy? Fields and their energy are properties of spacetime volumes; that is all we can say. While "fields" (i.e., spacetime properties) are "concepts" they do have a certain reality (beyond the fact that we can measure "their" effect, which is somewhat circular): Their energy actually makes the space heavy, although that wording is a bit awkward: Energy is mass, so it doesn't make anything heavy, it is heavy. If you want a bit of pop science, a magnetic field strong enough could conceivably be "heavy" enough to [produce a black hole](https://www.wtamu.edu/%7Ecbaird/sq/2014/08/21/what-is-the-strongest-magnetic-field-possible-is-there-a-limit/), unless something else happens first, like spontaneous pair production etc. There is no principle reason why this should not be possible with other fields as well. --- 1 I'm putting "particles" in quotes because what we call "particles" is, at a closer look, a volume with special set of properties that just happen to perpetuate themselves, sometimes infinitely, sometimes not.	If we transfer one small $dq$ charge from one capacitor plate to other, then we need to do some work. Repeat the process like this again and again; this leaves a net negative charge on the first plate and builds up a positive charge on the second plate accordingly. When the charge increase, the mean field strength between the plates also increases, so we need to do progressively more work to transfer the charge as the process continues. The work done against electrostatic force to move the charge from one plate to the other is the store energy, which can also be represented in terms of the electrostatic field that has been built up inside the capacitor. The is equivalent to the electrostatic field storing the the energy.
714,872	My physics teacher told me the statement "The energy of a capacitor is stored in its electric field". Now this confuses me a bit. I understand the energy of a capacitor as a result of the work done in charging it, doing work against the fields created by the charges added, and that the energy density of a capacitor depends on the field inside it. But how exactly do I interpret energy being stored "within" a field? I saw that there have been similar questions asked here, but I wasn't able to understand the answers clearly, or found them unsatisfactory.	2022/06/21	[ "https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/714872", "https://physics.stackexchange.com", "https://physics.stackexchange.com/users/316717/" ]	What "is" an electric field? One way to look at the world is to see it as a cellular automaton; something resembling [Conway's game of life](https://playgameoflife.com/). Of course it's not so simple — the playing field looks different from observer to observer, everything is fuzzy etc. — but as a mental model it's quite productive. Each little volume has a set of properties which interact with other properties and propagate with each "tick" (only) to neighboring cells, thusly establishing the speed of light. Such properties are essentially a set of "influences" on various kinds of "particles"1: Charges are attracted, repelled or deflected. Matter is attracted. Quarks are glued together. These "influences" are what we call "fields" in a macroscopic view. Fields are properties of points in space time that describe how this point in space time interacts with "particles". How can a field store energy? One of these is the electrostatic field, for example between capacitor plates. It can accelerate charges, which means that it gives them kinetic energy. **The field can do work on matter; that is why we say it "contains" that energy.** Like all energy it is conserved: Charges flowing along the field will weaken it until its energy is gone. "How" exactly it stores the energy is a somewhat meaningless question: "How" does a missile store its kinetic energy? Fields and their energy are properties of spacetime volumes; that is all we can say. While "fields" (i.e., spacetime properties) are "concepts" they do have a certain reality (beyond the fact that we can measure "their" effect, which is somewhat circular): Their energy actually makes the space heavy, although that wording is a bit awkward: Energy is mass, so it doesn't make anything heavy, it is heavy. If you want a bit of pop science, a magnetic field strong enough could conceivably be "heavy" enough to [produce a black hole](https://www.wtamu.edu/%7Ecbaird/sq/2014/08/21/what-is-the-strongest-magnetic-field-possible-is-there-a-limit/), unless something else happens first, like spontaneous pair production etc. There is no principle reason why this should not be possible with other fields as well. --- 1 I'm putting "particles" in quotes because what we call "particles" is, at a closer look, a volume with special set of properties that just happen to perpetuate themselves, sometimes infinitely, sometimes not.	The stress-energy tensor ======================== At every point in space there is a density: Build a sphere (or any shape) of gravity sensors and measure the net acceleration into the sphere (technically the surface integral of F/m\dA). For normal matter [greens theorem](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green%27s_theorem) means you get the total mass inside regardless of external masses. Note how I said "normal matter"? The actual measurement is mass + 3 volume pressure. For normal matter the volume-pressure (which has units of energy) is far smaller than the mass. But for fields and light this is not the case. What we actually have at each point is a [stress-energy tensor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_stress%E2%80%93energy_tensor) which enters directly [into general-relativity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einstein_field_equations). This tensor bundles up density, momentum flux (i.e. a moving river) and stress (tension/compression/shear) all into one 4x4 symmetric matrix. A gas of photons has is under hydrostatic pressure equal to 1/3 of it's (energy) density (denoted as w=+1/3). An electric field has w=-1 in one direction like an extremally lightweight string under tension. This tension pulls the plates together in a capacitor. The entire stress-energy tensor [Lorentz transforms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorentz_transformation) and so can be deduced by modifying our sphere experiment to measure the gravitational accelerations of objects moving at different speeds in different directions. This all sounds abstract, but for a [charged black hole](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reissner%E2%80%93Nordstr%C3%B6m_metric) all the energy and stress in the electric field around the hole modifies the spacetime curvature: particles even if uncharged* will orbit differently.
714,872	My physics teacher told me the statement "The energy of a capacitor is stored in its electric field". Now this confuses me a bit. I understand the energy of a capacitor as a result of the work done in charging it, doing work against the fields created by the charges added, and that the energy density of a capacitor depends on the field inside it. But how exactly do I interpret energy being stored "within" a field? I saw that there have been similar questions asked here, but I wasn't able to understand the answers clearly, or found them unsatisfactory.	2022/06/21	[ "https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/714872", "https://physics.stackexchange.com", "https://physics.stackexchange.com/users/316717/" ]	It's a model, created to capture what is seen in experiments. If we attribute the energy of an electromagnetic interaction to the fields, we get the right answer. We don't have an alternative that works. There is no deeper explanation.	If you look at our equations for energy, you will see that they typically settle into two major categories: * Energy associated with intrinsic properties of a "thing" * Energy associated with the relative positioning of objects in the system. A baseball flying through the air has some energy associated with its intrinsic nature. It has a kinetic energy. It has some chemical energy. But it also has some energy associated with its position - gravitational energy. Now at first glance it seems like this could be treated as a property of the ball, but let's do a thought experiment. Let's have Bizaro shove the Earth away. Maybe he sends it careening into the sun. That's a good supervillain ploy. Did this change the gravitational potential of the baseball? It certainly did. But the baseball itself didn't change. So if the baseball didn't change, but its gravitational potential did, then it's pretty unreasonable to consider it to be a property of the baseball. It's a property of the Earth-baseball system. The electric field is the same way. An electron is an electron, no matter where you put it. Its intrinsic properties do not change. But if you have two electrons, their relative relationship leads to a potential energy. This can get confusing, because we regularly look at multiple levels of detail. At a high level, a capacitor is a "thing" that has an intrinsic property "potential energy due to charging." But if you look at it at a lower level, you see that that "potential energy due to charging" was actually a property of the relative positions of electrons in the capacitor. And this leads to an understanding of "parasitic capacitance," which is what happens when you accidentally bring two wires close together, and the relative positions of the electrons in both wires results in a capacitive effect you may not have planned on when building the circuit. Realizing this is just a back and forth of modeling and approaches, rather than physics, is helpful. I know I was always very frustrated when I heard the term "phonon." A phonon is a particle of sound.... which is absurd because I know that sound is a wave mechanic, not a particle mechanic. But I also am wrong. Sound isn't a wave mechanic or a particle mechanic. Sound is sound. I associate a mechanic to it to aid in solving equations. And, as it turns out, there are some times where it is very effective to treat the energy of sound as an intrinsic energy of a "phonon" that propagates through space.
74,187	> > He is the radiance of the glory of God and the exact imprint of his nature, and he upholds the universe by the word of his power. After making purification for sins, he sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on high (Hebrews 1:3 ESV) > > > I am interested in the phrase ‘he upholds the universe’ My question is:- How could Christ uphold the universe as a helpless babe and also after he had died before the resurrection.	2022/02/04	[ "https://hermeneutics.stackexchange.com/questions/74187", "https://hermeneutics.stackexchange.com", "https://hermeneutics.stackexchange.com/users/48163/" ]	The simple answer is that He did not uphold the universe as a helpless baby. Hebrews 1:1-3 speaks of His deity/nature BEFORE He was born as a man with a human nature. In fact, if you read the rest of Hebrews 1 you will discover His own Father acknowledges Jesus as God, vs8. Also at vs10, "And, Thou Lord in the beginning did lay the foundation of the earth and the heavens are the woks of Thy hands. Moreover Luke 2:11, "for today in the city of David there has been born for you a Savior, WHO IS Christ the Lord." John 17:3,5, "And this is eternal life, that they may know Thee, the only true God, and Jesus Christ WHOM THOU HAS SENT." vs5, "And now, glorify Thou Me together with Thyself, Father, with the glory which I had with Thee BEFORE THE WORLD WAS." Lastly, Philippians explains at verses 6-8 His pre-existence as God (And so does John 1:1-3) but emptied Himself, taking the form of a bond-servant/man, and being made in the likeness of men, And being found in appearance as a man, He humbled Himself by becoming obedient to the point of death, even death on a cross." And btw, God the Father and God the Holy Spirt did not go anywhere after Jesus died as a man before His resurrection. I think it's important to put things in perspective.	One thing is to simply *be* helpless babe and another thing is to *make oneself to be* a helpless babe. Just as the Lord made Himself to adopt human nature with all its features of need of food, drink, air, feeling of pain etc., so also He made Himself needful also of parental care and caressing. Having put upon Himself voluntarily all human features except for the falledness with its innate sinfulness and proclivity to sin, He put upon Himself also growth from babe-hood to childhood and to adulthood. The same Logos who took upon Himself the babe-hood of His human nature, created the universe together with the Father and always upheld it. It is simply a complete outlandishness to think that having adopted human nature and having made Himself to be a babe He, the Logos, took vacation from the Father and did not hold the universe into existence together with Him! How long then those vacations lasted? Ten years? Thirteen, before His bar mitzvah? And after that maybe also the Father indulged Himself in going to vacations saying “My dear Son-Logos, for thirteen years I did the job of sustaining the universe alone, now it’s my turn to take some rest, not much, just two-three weeks, I will go hiking outside the universe in company with the H.Ghost not to feel myself alone”. But why to entertain such funny things on this respectable site of the biblical exegesis? But more seriously, it is a Christological issue: He is the co-eternal and co-unoriginated Son of the Father-God, who "was" with God, that is to say, in infinity, as the praeteritum imperfectum of this verb indicates (John 1:1); and as all things are created by Both Father and the Son (ibid. 1:3), so also are sustained through the Father and the Son (and H.Ghost for that matter), (Heb. 1:3), because as Descartes well says in 3rd metaphysical meditation, "sustaining is just another word for creating, for exactly the same amount of energy is exerted for sustaining as for creating". Therefore, Logos, the Father's co-eternal and co-infinite Son-God ontologically cannot die, not any less than Father cannot die also, for it is impossible for God to die or commit suicide. If Logos or the Father slumber just a second, the world will cease to exist. Now, Logos adopted human nature and human nature dies. Since this human nature became nature of the Person/Hypostasis of Logos, who also has had divine nature before the incarnation, we can freely say that God-Logos died according to His human nature, that God-Logos suckled breast of his mother, the Virgin Mary, as a child, according to His human nature, but at age 12 was instructing and bewildering expert elderly theologians without having learned the Scripture as God (Luke 2:41-52); getting tired and thirsty according to His human nature, but giving food in desert from two fishes and five breads to five thousands, without counting also women and children, for their full satiation as God (Matthew 14:13:21). But those questions are so well trodden and this sound Orthodox/Catholic teaching comes from the Ecumenical Council of Chalcedon 451, that stroke a middle ground between heresies of Monophysitism and Nestorianism.
74,187	> > He is the radiance of the glory of God and the exact imprint of his nature, and he upholds the universe by the word of his power. After making purification for sins, he sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on high (Hebrews 1:3 ESV) > > > I am interested in the phrase ‘he upholds the universe’ My question is:- How could Christ uphold the universe as a helpless babe and also after he had died before the resurrection.	2022/02/04	[ "https://hermeneutics.stackexchange.com/questions/74187", "https://hermeneutics.stackexchange.com", "https://hermeneutics.stackexchange.com/users/48163/" ]	How could Christ uphold the universe as a helpless babe? He didn't. Correctly, Jesus, upholding all things (πάντα panta) by the power of His word. Nothing to do with 'universe' and a very sloppy/biased attempt of the ESV to render the Greek into English by inserting a word that is not there. > > whom He (God) appointed heir of all things, through whom He also made the ages (not world or universe). 3And he is the radiance of His glory and the exact representation of His nature, and upholds all things by the word of his power. Heb 1:2-3 > > > The context gives us the timeline of when Jesus became the one who, "upholds all things by the word of his power". This power was not always his to use - being given to him at his resurrection and exaltation to the 'right hand of God' who made him heir, and through whom God finished the creation of man in His image. Jesus being the "representation" of God's nature. > > Jesus is ‘the image of the invisible God’ and ‘the firstborn of all creation’ Col 1:15. > > > 2 Cor 4:4 ‘Christ, who is the image of God’, 3:18 ‘we… are being transformed into the same image’, Rom 8:29 also.	It is impossible to answer this question as we are not told so we cannot know. Indeed, if we knew the answer to this question, we would be God. Equally mysterious, is the the fact that * twice in the Gospel of John, we are told the Jesus raised Himself from the dead, John 2:19-21 and 10:17, 18. * However, we are also told that the Father raised Jesus from the dead as well, Rom 6:4, Gal 1:1, Eph 1:17-20. * Further, we are also told that the Holy Spirit is the source of life as well, Rom 1:4 & 8:11, 1 Peter 3:18. * Acts 2:24, 3:15, 4:10, 5:30, 10:40, 13:30, 17:31, Rom 4:24, 1 Cor 15:15, Col 2:20, Heb 13:20, 1 Peter 1:3, 1 Thess 1:10 simply say that “God” raised Jesus without specifying any specific member of the Godhead. All this simply illustrates the fact that the Godhead acts in complete unison. Just how that occurs we are not told. The same is presumably true of God upholding the universe.
74,187	> > He is the radiance of the glory of God and the exact imprint of his nature, and he upholds the universe by the word of his power. After making purification for sins, he sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on high (Hebrews 1:3 ESV) > > > I am interested in the phrase ‘he upholds the universe’ My question is:- How could Christ uphold the universe as a helpless babe and also after he had died before the resurrection.	2022/02/04	[ "https://hermeneutics.stackexchange.com/questions/74187", "https://hermeneutics.stackexchange.com", "https://hermeneutics.stackexchange.com/users/48163/" ]	The simple answer is that He did not uphold the universe as a helpless baby. Hebrews 1:1-3 speaks of His deity/nature BEFORE He was born as a man with a human nature. In fact, if you read the rest of Hebrews 1 you will discover His own Father acknowledges Jesus as God, vs8. Also at vs10, "And, Thou Lord in the beginning did lay the foundation of the earth and the heavens are the woks of Thy hands. Moreover Luke 2:11, "for today in the city of David there has been born for you a Savior, WHO IS Christ the Lord." John 17:3,5, "And this is eternal life, that they may know Thee, the only true God, and Jesus Christ WHOM THOU HAS SENT." vs5, "And now, glorify Thou Me together with Thyself, Father, with the glory which I had with Thee BEFORE THE WORLD WAS." Lastly, Philippians explains at verses 6-8 His pre-existence as God (And so does John 1:1-3) but emptied Himself, taking the form of a bond-servant/man, and being made in the likeness of men, And being found in appearance as a man, He humbled Himself by becoming obedient to the point of death, even death on a cross." And btw, God the Father and God the Holy Spirt did not go anywhere after Jesus died as a man before His resurrection. I think it's important to put things in perspective.	It is impossible to answer this question as we are not told so we cannot know. Indeed, if we knew the answer to this question, we would be God. Equally mysterious, is the the fact that * twice in the Gospel of John, we are told the Jesus raised Himself from the dead, John 2:19-21 and 10:17, 18. * However, we are also told that the Father raised Jesus from the dead as well, Rom 6:4, Gal 1:1, Eph 1:17-20. * Further, we are also told that the Holy Spirit is the source of life as well, Rom 1:4 & 8:11, 1 Peter 3:18. * Acts 2:24, 3:15, 4:10, 5:30, 10:40, 13:30, 17:31, Rom 4:24, 1 Cor 15:15, Col 2:20, Heb 13:20, 1 Peter 1:3, 1 Thess 1:10 simply say that “God” raised Jesus without specifying any specific member of the Godhead. All this simply illustrates the fact that the Godhead acts in complete unison. Just how that occurs we are not told. The same is presumably true of God upholding the universe.
74,187	> > He is the radiance of the glory of God and the exact imprint of his nature, and he upholds the universe by the word of his power. After making purification for sins, he sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on high (Hebrews 1:3 ESV) > > > I am interested in the phrase ‘he upholds the universe’ My question is:- How could Christ uphold the universe as a helpless babe and also after he had died before the resurrection.	2022/02/04	[ "https://hermeneutics.stackexchange.com/questions/74187", "https://hermeneutics.stackexchange.com", "https://hermeneutics.stackexchange.com/users/48163/" ]	The simple answer is that He did not uphold the universe as a helpless baby. Hebrews 1:1-3 speaks of His deity/nature BEFORE He was born as a man with a human nature. In fact, if you read the rest of Hebrews 1 you will discover His own Father acknowledges Jesus as God, vs8. Also at vs10, "And, Thou Lord in the beginning did lay the foundation of the earth and the heavens are the woks of Thy hands. Moreover Luke 2:11, "for today in the city of David there has been born for you a Savior, WHO IS Christ the Lord." John 17:3,5, "And this is eternal life, that they may know Thee, the only true God, and Jesus Christ WHOM THOU HAS SENT." vs5, "And now, glorify Thou Me together with Thyself, Father, with the glory which I had with Thee BEFORE THE WORLD WAS." Lastly, Philippians explains at verses 6-8 His pre-existence as God (And so does John 1:1-3) but emptied Himself, taking the form of a bond-servant/man, and being made in the likeness of men, And being found in appearance as a man, He humbled Himself by becoming obedient to the point of death, even death on a cross." And btw, God the Father and God the Holy Spirt did not go anywhere after Jesus died as a man before His resurrection. I think it's important to put things in perspective.	His Son has been appointed heir of all things. That being the case He upholds, carrying on, prevents it from falling, sinking, By the word, #4487 Strong's Concordance rhéma: a word, by impl. a matter Original Word: ῥῆμα, ατος, τό Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter Transliteration: rhéma Phonetic Spelling: (hray'-mah) Definition: a word, by implication a matter Usage: a thing spoken, (a) a word or saying of any kind, as command, report, promise, (b) a thing, matter, business The whole operation of the universe is in his hands. The entrance and presence of sin in the universe is all accounted for by one word… He has made a cleansing of sins. Upholds: To hold aloft; raise. To prevent from falling or sinking; support. To maintain or affirm: synonym: support. He is holding and maintaining and propelling all things [the entire physical and spiritual universe] by His powerful word [carrying the universe along to its predetermined goal]. When He [Himself and no other] had [by offering Himself on the cross as a sacrifice for sin] accomplished purification from sins and established our freedom from guilt, He sat down [revealing His completed work] at the right hand of the Majesty on high [revealing His Divine authority], It is because that He completed the work of making a cleansing of sins and therefore is seated at the right hand of the majesty. That is how he keeps the universe going and upholding by His declaration of His work being finished because he sat down at the right hand of Majesty on high.
74,187	> > He is the radiance of the glory of God and the exact imprint of his nature, and he upholds the universe by the word of his power. After making purification for sins, he sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on high (Hebrews 1:3 ESV) > > > I am interested in the phrase ‘he upholds the universe’ My question is:- How could Christ uphold the universe as a helpless babe and also after he had died before the resurrection.	2022/02/04	[ "https://hermeneutics.stackexchange.com/questions/74187", "https://hermeneutics.stackexchange.com", "https://hermeneutics.stackexchange.com/users/48163/" ]	It’s a beautiful question for it is raw and sincere Let’s first assess the components * All things * The one who upholds the ages/universe * His temporal state as a human The context of the question is in The book of Hebrews, therefore there are clues in the surrounding verses. > > “He is the radiance of the glory of God and the exact imprint of his nature, and he upholds the universe by the word of his power δύναμις. After making purification for sins, he sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on high,” > ‭‭Hebrews‬ ‭1:3‬ ‭ > > > The Son became the Son on day one of Creation before anything existed. Otherwise the last part of v2 makes no sense and this fits into psalm 2. ### All things means all things Created. God being uncreated. Therefore this means time, space, natural laws, supernatural laws, earthly bodies, heavenly bodies, earth and the heavens, visible or invisible. > > “For by him all things were created, in heaven and on earth, visible and invisible, whether thrones or dominions or rulers or authorities—all things were created through him and for him.” > ‭‭Colossians‬ ‭1:16‬ ‭ > > > ### The one who upholds the ages/universe In Hebrew understanding the Mimra concept is from the Aramaic Old Testament expository known as Targum Onquelos. It is the direct equivalent to the Greek logos used by John in John 1:1. The mimra was with God before Creation. It was the Word of God, it was God. If the mimra stopped existing for a split second, and reappeared the next, everything that was, would disappear and not reappear. For everything exists because of the mimra. It remains through the mimra. ### His temporal state as a human The one we know as Jesus, aka Yeshua, aka the Son, existed before Creation according to John 17:5,24. To exist before Creation means you had to be God. Nothing existed before Creation, for there was no time, space to exist in before that, with the exception of God. And God is echad Deuteronomy 6:4 meaning united, that is three persons. God is Spirit John 4:24 but a Spirit can take on a body, be it a heavenly body or an earthly body. When Jesus became a human, the Holy Spirit placed the kenosised (the voluntarily nullified/‘switched off’ divine attributes) spirit of the Son and placed it inside the baby inside virgin Mary Answer ------ > > How could Christ uphold the universe as a helpless babe and also after he had died before the resurrection > > > The answer is rather simple He the Word NEVER ceased from existence. Sure as a human He was murdered but the spirit of the Son that inhabited the body of the human we know as Jesus from Nazareth was not killed He didn’t come into existence at the incarnation and didn’t phase out at the crucifixion. He remained full of POWER δύναμις > > “who will transform our lowly body to be like his glorious body, by the power δύναμις that enables him even to subject all things to himself.” > ‭‭Philippians‬ ‭3:21‬ ‭ > > > And now that He has redeemed Creation and regained legal rights to His own Creation He has all the ἐξουσία authority and the δύναμις power > > “All things were made through him, and without him was not any thing made that was made.” > ‭‭John‬ ‭1:3‬ ‭ > > > And the Word, the mimra, the begotten Son of psalm 2 decided to come live as a man > > “And the Word became flesh and dwelt among us, and we have seen his glory, glory as of the only Son from the Father, full of grace and truth.” > ‭‭John‬ ‭1:14‬ ‭ > > > Partly explains why He called Himself the son of man, it was an exciting new experience for Him, He could now experience life as a human > > “For we do not have a high priest who is unable to sympathize with our weaknesses, but one who in every respect has been tempted as we are, yet without sin.” > ‭‭Hebrews‬ ‭4:15‬ ‭ > > > He is the Word and the Word is right there in the Hebrew text in Genesis 1:1 > > בראשׁית ברא אלהים את השׁמים ואת הארץ > > > In beginning created God the Word, the heavens, the same Word the earth Conclusion ---------- “that their hearts may be encouraged, being knit together in love, to reach all the riches of full assurance of understanding and the knowledge of God’s mystery, which is Christ, in whom are hidden all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge.” ‭‭Colossians‬ ‭2:2-3‬ ‭	It is impossible to answer this question as we are not told so we cannot know. Indeed, if we knew the answer to this question, we would be God. Equally mysterious, is the the fact that * twice in the Gospel of John, we are told the Jesus raised Himself from the dead, John 2:19-21 and 10:17, 18. * However, we are also told that the Father raised Jesus from the dead as well, Rom 6:4, Gal 1:1, Eph 1:17-20. * Further, we are also told that the Holy Spirit is the source of life as well, Rom 1:4 & 8:11, 1 Peter 3:18. * Acts 2:24, 3:15, 4:10, 5:30, 10:40, 13:30, 17:31, Rom 4:24, 1 Cor 15:15, Col 2:20, Heb 13:20, 1 Peter 1:3, 1 Thess 1:10 simply say that “God” raised Jesus without specifying any specific member of the Godhead. All this simply illustrates the fact that the Godhead acts in complete unison. Just how that occurs we are not told. The same is presumably true of God upholding the universe.
74,187	> > He is the radiance of the glory of God and the exact imprint of his nature, and he upholds the universe by the word of his power. After making purification for sins, he sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on high (Hebrews 1:3 ESV) > > > I am interested in the phrase ‘he upholds the universe’ My question is:- How could Christ uphold the universe as a helpless babe and also after he had died before the resurrection.	2022/02/04	[ "https://hermeneutics.stackexchange.com/questions/74187", "https://hermeneutics.stackexchange.com", "https://hermeneutics.stackexchange.com/users/48163/" ]	One thing is to simply *be* helpless babe and another thing is to *make oneself to be* a helpless babe. Just as the Lord made Himself to adopt human nature with all its features of need of food, drink, air, feeling of pain etc., so also He made Himself needful also of parental care and caressing. Having put upon Himself voluntarily all human features except for the falledness with its innate sinfulness and proclivity to sin, He put upon Himself also growth from babe-hood to childhood and to adulthood. The same Logos who took upon Himself the babe-hood of His human nature, created the universe together with the Father and always upheld it. It is simply a complete outlandishness to think that having adopted human nature and having made Himself to be a babe He, the Logos, took vacation from the Father and did not hold the universe into existence together with Him! How long then those vacations lasted? Ten years? Thirteen, before His bar mitzvah? And after that maybe also the Father indulged Himself in going to vacations saying “My dear Son-Logos, for thirteen years I did the job of sustaining the universe alone, now it’s my turn to take some rest, not much, just two-three weeks, I will go hiking outside the universe in company with the H.Ghost not to feel myself alone”. But why to entertain such funny things on this respectable site of the biblical exegesis? But more seriously, it is a Christological issue: He is the co-eternal and co-unoriginated Son of the Father-God, who "was" with God, that is to say, in infinity, as the praeteritum imperfectum of this verb indicates (John 1:1); and as all things are created by Both Father and the Son (ibid. 1:3), so also are sustained through the Father and the Son (and H.Ghost for that matter), (Heb. 1:3), because as Descartes well says in 3rd metaphysical meditation, "sustaining is just another word for creating, for exactly the same amount of energy is exerted for sustaining as for creating". Therefore, Logos, the Father's co-eternal and co-infinite Son-God ontologically cannot die, not any less than Father cannot die also, for it is impossible for God to die or commit suicide. If Logos or the Father slumber just a second, the world will cease to exist. Now, Logos adopted human nature and human nature dies. Since this human nature became nature of the Person/Hypostasis of Logos, who also has had divine nature before the incarnation, we can freely say that God-Logos died according to His human nature, that God-Logos suckled breast of his mother, the Virgin Mary, as a child, according to His human nature, but at age 12 was instructing and bewildering expert elderly theologians without having learned the Scripture as God (Luke 2:41-52); getting tired and thirsty according to His human nature, but giving food in desert from two fishes and five breads to five thousands, without counting also women and children, for their full satiation as God (Matthew 14:13:21). But those questions are so well trodden and this sound Orthodox/Catholic teaching comes from the Ecumenical Council of Chalcedon 451, that stroke a middle ground between heresies of Monophysitism and Nestorianism.	It is impossible to answer this question as we are not told so we cannot know. Indeed, if we knew the answer to this question, we would be God. Equally mysterious, is the the fact that * twice in the Gospel of John, we are told the Jesus raised Himself from the dead, John 2:19-21 and 10:17, 18. * However, we are also told that the Father raised Jesus from the dead as well, Rom 6:4, Gal 1:1, Eph 1:17-20. * Further, we are also told that the Holy Spirit is the source of life as well, Rom 1:4 & 8:11, 1 Peter 3:18. * Acts 2:24, 3:15, 4:10, 5:30, 10:40, 13:30, 17:31, Rom 4:24, 1 Cor 15:15, Col 2:20, Heb 13:20, 1 Peter 1:3, 1 Thess 1:10 simply say that “God” raised Jesus without specifying any specific member of the Godhead. All this simply illustrates the fact that the Godhead acts in complete unison. Just how that occurs we are not told. The same is presumably true of God upholding the universe.
74,187	> > He is the radiance of the glory of God and the exact imprint of his nature, and he upholds the universe by the word of his power. After making purification for sins, he sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on high (Hebrews 1:3 ESV) > > > I am interested in the phrase ‘he upholds the universe’ My question is:- How could Christ uphold the universe as a helpless babe and also after he had died before the resurrection.	2022/02/04	[ "https://hermeneutics.stackexchange.com/questions/74187", "https://hermeneutics.stackexchange.com", "https://hermeneutics.stackexchange.com/users/48163/" ]	The simple answer is that He did not uphold the universe as a helpless baby. Hebrews 1:1-3 speaks of His deity/nature BEFORE He was born as a man with a human nature. In fact, if you read the rest of Hebrews 1 you will discover His own Father acknowledges Jesus as God, vs8. Also at vs10, "And, Thou Lord in the beginning did lay the foundation of the earth and the heavens are the woks of Thy hands. Moreover Luke 2:11, "for today in the city of David there has been born for you a Savior, WHO IS Christ the Lord." John 17:3,5, "And this is eternal life, that they may know Thee, the only true God, and Jesus Christ WHOM THOU HAS SENT." vs5, "And now, glorify Thou Me together with Thyself, Father, with the glory which I had with Thee BEFORE THE WORLD WAS." Lastly, Philippians explains at verses 6-8 His pre-existence as God (And so does John 1:1-3) but emptied Himself, taking the form of a bond-servant/man, and being made in the likeness of men, And being found in appearance as a man, He humbled Himself by becoming obedient to the point of death, even death on a cross." And btw, God the Father and God the Holy Spirt did not go anywhere after Jesus died as a man before His resurrection. I think it's important to put things in perspective.	How could Christ uphold the universe as a helpless babe? He didn't. Correctly, Jesus, upholding all things (πάντα panta) by the power of His word. Nothing to do with 'universe' and a very sloppy/biased attempt of the ESV to render the Greek into English by inserting a word that is not there. > > whom He (God) appointed heir of all things, through whom He also made the ages (not world or universe). 3And he is the radiance of His glory and the exact representation of His nature, and upholds all things by the word of his power. Heb 1:2-3 > > > The context gives us the timeline of when Jesus became the one who, "upholds all things by the word of his power". This power was not always his to use - being given to him at his resurrection and exaltation to the 'right hand of God' who made him heir, and through whom God finished the creation of man in His image. Jesus being the "representation" of God's nature. > > Jesus is ‘the image of the invisible God’ and ‘the firstborn of all creation’ Col 1:15. > > > 2 Cor 4:4 ‘Christ, who is the image of God’, 3:18 ‘we… are being transformed into the same image’, Rom 8:29 also.
74,187	> > He is the radiance of the glory of God and the exact imprint of his nature, and he upholds the universe by the word of his power. After making purification for sins, he sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on high (Hebrews 1:3 ESV) > > > I am interested in the phrase ‘he upholds the universe’ My question is:- How could Christ uphold the universe as a helpless babe and also after he had died before the resurrection.	2022/02/04	[ "https://hermeneutics.stackexchange.com/questions/74187", "https://hermeneutics.stackexchange.com", "https://hermeneutics.stackexchange.com/users/48163/" ]	His Son has been appointed heir of all things. That being the case He upholds, carrying on, prevents it from falling, sinking, By the word, #4487 Strong's Concordance rhéma: a word, by impl. a matter Original Word: ῥῆμα, ατος, τό Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter Transliteration: rhéma Phonetic Spelling: (hray'-mah) Definition: a word, by implication a matter Usage: a thing spoken, (a) a word or saying of any kind, as command, report, promise, (b) a thing, matter, business The whole operation of the universe is in his hands. The entrance and presence of sin in the universe is all accounted for by one word… He has made a cleansing of sins. Upholds: To hold aloft; raise. To prevent from falling or sinking; support. To maintain or affirm: synonym: support. He is holding and maintaining and propelling all things [the entire physical and spiritual universe] by His powerful word [carrying the universe along to its predetermined goal]. When He [Himself and no other] had [by offering Himself on the cross as a sacrifice for sin] accomplished purification from sins and established our freedom from guilt, He sat down [revealing His completed work] at the right hand of the Majesty on high [revealing His Divine authority], It is because that He completed the work of making a cleansing of sins and therefore is seated at the right hand of the majesty. That is how he keeps the universe going and upholding by His declaration of His work being finished because he sat down at the right hand of Majesty on high.	It is impossible to answer this question as we are not told so we cannot know. Indeed, if we knew the answer to this question, we would be God. Equally mysterious, is the the fact that * twice in the Gospel of John, we are told the Jesus raised Himself from the dead, John 2:19-21 and 10:17, 18. * However, we are also told that the Father raised Jesus from the dead as well, Rom 6:4, Gal 1:1, Eph 1:17-20. * Further, we are also told that the Holy Spirit is the source of life as well, Rom 1:4 & 8:11, 1 Peter 3:18. * Acts 2:24, 3:15, 4:10, 5:30, 10:40, 13:30, 17:31, Rom 4:24, 1 Cor 15:15, Col 2:20, Heb 13:20, 1 Peter 1:3, 1 Thess 1:10 simply say that “God” raised Jesus without specifying any specific member of the Godhead. All this simply illustrates the fact that the Godhead acts in complete unison. Just how that occurs we are not told. The same is presumably true of God upholding the universe.
74,187	> > He is the radiance of the glory of God and the exact imprint of his nature, and he upholds the universe by the word of his power. After making purification for sins, he sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on high (Hebrews 1:3 ESV) > > > I am interested in the phrase ‘he upholds the universe’ My question is:- How could Christ uphold the universe as a helpless babe and also after he had died before the resurrection.	2022/02/04	[ "https://hermeneutics.stackexchange.com/questions/74187", "https://hermeneutics.stackexchange.com", "https://hermeneutics.stackexchange.com/users/48163/" ]	The simple answer is that He did not uphold the universe as a helpless baby. Hebrews 1:1-3 speaks of His deity/nature BEFORE He was born as a man with a human nature. In fact, if you read the rest of Hebrews 1 you will discover His own Father acknowledges Jesus as God, vs8. Also at vs10, "And, Thou Lord in the beginning did lay the foundation of the earth and the heavens are the woks of Thy hands. Moreover Luke 2:11, "for today in the city of David there has been born for you a Savior, WHO IS Christ the Lord." John 17:3,5, "And this is eternal life, that they may know Thee, the only true God, and Jesus Christ WHOM THOU HAS SENT." vs5, "And now, glorify Thou Me together with Thyself, Father, with the glory which I had with Thee BEFORE THE WORLD WAS." Lastly, Philippians explains at verses 6-8 His pre-existence as God (And so does John 1:1-3) but emptied Himself, taking the form of a bond-servant/man, and being made in the likeness of men, And being found in appearance as a man, He humbled Himself by becoming obedient to the point of death, even death on a cross." And btw, God the Father and God the Holy Spirt did not go anywhere after Jesus died as a man before His resurrection. I think it's important to put things in perspective.	Read all 14 verses of Heb chapter 1, in its original Hebraic context and key terminologies, then ask WHO is the CREATOR and ABBA of the Son. Hebrews 1:1-14 “ELOHIM, having in the past spoken to the fathers through the prophets at many times and in various ways, 1:2 has at the end of these days spoken to us by HIS Son, Whom HE appointed heir of all things, because of Whom also HE created the ages. 1:3 Who, being the radiance of HIS glory and the expression of HIS essence. And upholding all things by the power of His imrah, when He had by Himself made purification for our sins, sat down on the right hand of the MAJESTY on high; 1:4 having become so much better than the shamayim malachim - as He has inherited a more excellent name than they have. 1:5 For to which of the malachim did HE say at any time, You are MY son. Today have I begotten you; and again, I will be to him an ABBA, and he will be to ME a son? [Ps 2:7; 2Sa 7:14; 1Chr 17:13] 1:6 Moreover, when HE brings in the Firstborn into the world HE (WHO makes HIS malachim spirits and HIS servants flames of fire) says concerning the malachim, 1:7 Let all the “malachim of ELOHIM shachah Him. [Ps 104:4] 1:8 But of the Son HE says, Your throne, O Elohim, is forever and ever. You will rule Your Kingdom with the scepter of uprightness.518 1:9 You have loved righteousness and hated Torah-lessness; therefore ELOHIM, Your ELOHIM, has anointed You with the oil of gladness above Your fellows. [Ps 45:6-7] 1:10 And, YOU, ADONAY, in the beginning, laid the foundation of the earth. The shamayim are the works of YOUR hands. 1:11 They will perish, but YOU continue. They all will grow old like a garment does. 1:12 As a mantle, YOU will roll them up, and they will be transformed; but YOU are the same. YOUR years will not fail. [Ps 102:25-27] 1:13 Moreover, to which of the malachim has HE told at any time, Sit at MY right hand, until I make your enemies the footstool of your feet? [Ps 110:1] 1:14 Are not they all ministering spirits, sent out to do service for the sake of those who will inherit yeshuah?” * extract from Book of The Covenant - An integrated translation & transliteration of the Hebraic scriptures. Note: full caps refer to ADONAI-YHWH.
74,187	> > He is the radiance of the glory of God and the exact imprint of his nature, and he upholds the universe by the word of his power. After making purification for sins, he sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on high (Hebrews 1:3 ESV) > > > I am interested in the phrase ‘he upholds the universe’ My question is:- How could Christ uphold the universe as a helpless babe and also after he had died before the resurrection.	2022/02/04	[ "https://hermeneutics.stackexchange.com/questions/74187", "https://hermeneutics.stackexchange.com", "https://hermeneutics.stackexchange.com/users/48163/" ]	How could Christ uphold the universe as a helpless babe? He didn't. Correctly, Jesus, upholding all things (πάντα panta) by the power of His word. Nothing to do with 'universe' and a very sloppy/biased attempt of the ESV to render the Greek into English by inserting a word that is not there. > > whom He (God) appointed heir of all things, through whom He also made the ages (not world or universe). 3And he is the radiance of His glory and the exact representation of His nature, and upholds all things by the word of his power. Heb 1:2-3 > > > The context gives us the timeline of when Jesus became the one who, "upholds all things by the word of his power". This power was not always his to use - being given to him at his resurrection and exaltation to the 'right hand of God' who made him heir, and through whom God finished the creation of man in His image. Jesus being the "representation" of God's nature. > > Jesus is ‘the image of the invisible God’ and ‘the firstborn of all creation’ Col 1:15. > > > 2 Cor 4:4 ‘Christ, who is the image of God’, 3:18 ‘we… are being transformed into the same image’, Rom 8:29 also.	His Son has been appointed heir of all things. That being the case He upholds, carrying on, prevents it from falling, sinking, By the word, #4487 Strong's Concordance rhéma: a word, by impl. a matter Original Word: ῥῆμα, ατος, τό Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter Transliteration: rhéma Phonetic Spelling: (hray'-mah) Definition: a word, by implication a matter Usage: a thing spoken, (a) a word or saying of any kind, as command, report, promise, (b) a thing, matter, business The whole operation of the universe is in his hands. The entrance and presence of sin in the universe is all accounted for by one word… He has made a cleansing of sins. Upholds: To hold aloft; raise. To prevent from falling or sinking; support. To maintain or affirm: synonym: support. He is holding and maintaining and propelling all things [the entire physical and spiritual universe] by His powerful word [carrying the universe along to its predetermined goal]. When He [Himself and no other] had [by offering Himself on the cross as a sacrifice for sin] accomplished purification from sins and established our freedom from guilt, He sat down [revealing His completed work] at the right hand of the Majesty on high [revealing His Divine authority], It is because that He completed the work of making a cleansing of sins and therefore is seated at the right hand of the majesty. That is how he keeps the universe going and upholding by His declaration of His work being finished because he sat down at the right hand of Majesty on high.
47,441	I am accessing my colleague's work email account (on gmail) using IMAP. The problem is that whenever I read one of the messages first, it is marked as read on the server and he often misses it. I would like to keep it unmarked on the server and mark it as read only at my Mail app. Is there any way how to setup Mail app so that this behaves like this? I am accessing his email because he often gets information that is important for me as well and this saves time because he isn't always online and he would have to forward most of it to me anyway.	2012/04/03	[ "https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/47441", "https://apple.stackexchange.com", "https://apple.stackexchange.com/users/20306/" ]	There is a free program called True Preview that you can install to prevent Mail from automatically marking messages as "read". We use this all the time because we want messages to remain unread until such time as we actually mark them as "read". True preview has options to have different settings for different accounts, which is useful. <http://christianserving.org/project/truepreview>	I had same issue, the culprit was the iPhone's email client with its default preview feature. A preview fools the IMAP to believe it's read. Solution: to switch it off (go to settings -> email -> set preview to none.
47,441	I am accessing my colleague's work email account (on gmail) using IMAP. The problem is that whenever I read one of the messages first, it is marked as read on the server and he often misses it. I would like to keep it unmarked on the server and mark it as read only at my Mail app. Is there any way how to setup Mail app so that this behaves like this? I am accessing his email because he often gets information that is important for me as well and this saves time because he isn't always online and he would have to forward most of it to me anyway.	2012/04/03	[ "https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/47441", "https://apple.stackexchange.com", "https://apple.stackexchange.com/users/20306/" ]	The mail client in Opera has this feature. I have "Mark as Read" set to "Manually" and email that I have not viewed are shown in blue text and after I viewed them they are shown in black text. And they stay unread.	As other answerers have described, this is a feature of IMAP. IMAP maintains client-server synchronization so you will see the same thing regardless of whether you are using the browser, your desktop or your phone. An alternative is to use [POP](https://support.google.com/mail/bin/answer.py?hl=en&answer=12103), which is a one-way download of messages. You will not benefit from any server-side filtering/labeling you have implemented in the Gmail UI, but your messages will have a unique read state on each device and will remain unread in the Gmail UI or in your colleague's email client. Please make sure that you properly configure POP inside of Gmail to [keep downloaded messages in the inbox](http://support.google.com/mail/bin/answer.py?hl=en&answer=13273) -- note that Gmail is unusual in that this setting is controlled inside of Gmail on the Forwarding and POP/IMAP tab of Settings, rather than in your email client.
47,441	I am accessing my colleague's work email account (on gmail) using IMAP. The problem is that whenever I read one of the messages first, it is marked as read on the server and he often misses it. I would like to keep it unmarked on the server and mark it as read only at my Mail app. Is there any way how to setup Mail app so that this behaves like this? I am accessing his email because he often gets information that is important for me as well and this saves time because he isn't always online and he would have to forward most of it to me anyway.	2012/04/03	[ "https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/47441", "https://apple.stackexchange.com", "https://apple.stackexchange.com/users/20306/" ]	This mechanism is a feature of the mail protocol that you are using, and isn't a local feature that you can choose to set within Mail. You are likely useing either IMAP or Exchange, the the replication of mail states for things like location, unread/read etc is a part of the normal operation. I am not at a Mac, so I cannot test for features, but the best you can hope for is a configuration in Mail that will allow you to either change what action marks the mail as read or not (Might be mere selection, might be opening the time specifically, might be viewing the message for more than X seconds etc) or extend the time that it takes for the action to complete (viewd for 5 seconds, or 10, etc). You can of course simply right click on a read mail and then mark it as unread again.	I had same issue, the culprit was the iPhone's email client with its default preview feature. A preview fools the IMAP to believe it's read. Solution: to switch it off (go to settings -> email -> set preview to none.
47,441	I am accessing my colleague's work email account (on gmail) using IMAP. The problem is that whenever I read one of the messages first, it is marked as read on the server and he often misses it. I would like to keep it unmarked on the server and mark it as read only at my Mail app. Is there any way how to setup Mail app so that this behaves like this? I am accessing his email because he often gets information that is important for me as well and this saves time because he isn't always online and he would have to forward most of it to me anyway.	2012/04/03	[ "https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/47441", "https://apple.stackexchange.com", "https://apple.stackexchange.com/users/20306/" ]	This mechanism is a feature of the mail protocol that you are using, and isn't a local feature that you can choose to set within Mail. You are likely useing either IMAP or Exchange, the the replication of mail states for things like location, unread/read etc is a part of the normal operation. I am not at a Mac, so I cannot test for features, but the best you can hope for is a configuration in Mail that will allow you to either change what action marks the mail as read or not (Might be mere selection, might be opening the time specifically, might be viewing the message for more than X seconds etc) or extend the time that it takes for the action to complete (viewd for 5 seconds, or 10, etc). You can of course simply right click on a read mail and then mark it as unread again.	This is how IMAP works. Another solution to your problem is to set up Gmail to send you a copy of every message from your co-worker's account. Otherwise you will have to set each message you read on his account to Mark As Unread.
47,441	I am accessing my colleague's work email account (on gmail) using IMAP. The problem is that whenever I read one of the messages first, it is marked as read on the server and he often misses it. I would like to keep it unmarked on the server and mark it as read only at my Mail app. Is there any way how to setup Mail app so that this behaves like this? I am accessing his email because he often gets information that is important for me as well and this saves time because he isn't always online and he would have to forward most of it to me anyway.	2012/04/03	[ "https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/47441", "https://apple.stackexchange.com", "https://apple.stackexchange.com/users/20306/" ]	There is a free program called True Preview that you can install to prevent Mail from automatically marking messages as "read". We use this all the time because we want messages to remain unread until such time as we actually mark them as "read". True preview has options to have different settings for different accounts, which is useful. <http://christianserving.org/project/truepreview>	As other answerers have described, this is a feature of IMAP. IMAP maintains client-server synchronization so you will see the same thing regardless of whether you are using the browser, your desktop or your phone. An alternative is to use [POP](https://support.google.com/mail/bin/answer.py?hl=en&answer=12103), which is a one-way download of messages. You will not benefit from any server-side filtering/labeling you have implemented in the Gmail UI, but your messages will have a unique read state on each device and will remain unread in the Gmail UI or in your colleague's email client. Please make sure that you properly configure POP inside of Gmail to [keep downloaded messages in the inbox](http://support.google.com/mail/bin/answer.py?hl=en&answer=13273) -- note that Gmail is unusual in that this setting is controlled inside of Gmail on the Forwarding and POP/IMAP tab of Settings, rather than in your email client.
47,441	I am accessing my colleague's work email account (on gmail) using IMAP. The problem is that whenever I read one of the messages first, it is marked as read on the server and he often misses it. I would like to keep it unmarked on the server and mark it as read only at my Mail app. Is there any way how to setup Mail app so that this behaves like this? I am accessing his email because he often gets information that is important for me as well and this saves time because he isn't always online and he would have to forward most of it to me anyway.	2012/04/03	[ "https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/47441", "https://apple.stackexchange.com", "https://apple.stackexchange.com/users/20306/" ]	The mail client in Opera has this feature. I have "Mark as Read" set to "Manually" and email that I have not viewed are shown in blue text and after I viewed them they are shown in black text. And they stay unread.	This is how IMAP works. Another solution to your problem is to set up Gmail to send you a copy of every message from your co-worker's account. Otherwise you will have to set each message you read on his account to Mark As Unread.
47,441	I am accessing my colleague's work email account (on gmail) using IMAP. The problem is that whenever I read one of the messages first, it is marked as read on the server and he often misses it. I would like to keep it unmarked on the server and mark it as read only at my Mail app. Is there any way how to setup Mail app so that this behaves like this? I am accessing his email because he often gets information that is important for me as well and this saves time because he isn't always online and he would have to forward most of it to me anyway.	2012/04/03	[ "https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/47441", "https://apple.stackexchange.com", "https://apple.stackexchange.com/users/20306/" ]	This mechanism is a feature of the mail protocol that you are using, and isn't a local feature that you can choose to set within Mail. You are likely useing either IMAP or Exchange, the the replication of mail states for things like location, unread/read etc is a part of the normal operation. I am not at a Mac, so I cannot test for features, but the best you can hope for is a configuration in Mail that will allow you to either change what action marks the mail as read or not (Might be mere selection, might be opening the time specifically, might be viewing the message for more than X seconds etc) or extend the time that it takes for the action to complete (viewd for 5 seconds, or 10, etc). You can of course simply right click on a read mail and then mark it as unread again.	As other answerers have described, this is a feature of IMAP. IMAP maintains client-server synchronization so you will see the same thing regardless of whether you are using the browser, your desktop or your phone. An alternative is to use [POP](https://support.google.com/mail/bin/answer.py?hl=en&answer=12103), which is a one-way download of messages. You will not benefit from any server-side filtering/labeling you have implemented in the Gmail UI, but your messages will have a unique read state on each device and will remain unread in the Gmail UI or in your colleague's email client. Please make sure that you properly configure POP inside of Gmail to [keep downloaded messages in the inbox](http://support.google.com/mail/bin/answer.py?hl=en&answer=13273) -- note that Gmail is unusual in that this setting is controlled inside of Gmail on the Forwarding and POP/IMAP tab of Settings, rather than in your email client.
47,441	I am accessing my colleague's work email account (on gmail) using IMAP. The problem is that whenever I read one of the messages first, it is marked as read on the server and he often misses it. I would like to keep it unmarked on the server and mark it as read only at my Mail app. Is there any way how to setup Mail app so that this behaves like this? I am accessing his email because he often gets information that is important for me as well and this saves time because he isn't always online and he would have to forward most of it to me anyway.	2012/04/03	[ "https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/47441", "https://apple.stackexchange.com", "https://apple.stackexchange.com/users/20306/" ]	The mail client in Opera has this feature. I have "Mark as Read" set to "Manually" and email that I have not viewed are shown in blue text and after I viewed them they are shown in black text. And they stay unread.	I had same issue, the culprit was the iPhone's email client with its default preview feature. A preview fools the IMAP to believe it's read. Solution: to switch it off (go to settings -> email -> set preview to none.
123,370	My planet is tidally locked to its sun. It has a slightly thicker atmosphere than Earth. Over the planet’s sun-side surface, there would be no wind because that area is in the middle of a big cyclone/anticyclone. (I'm not sure if that works yet.) The Aliens living there are using some sort of light glider to travel over big distances from one city to another. [![enter image description here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/7HWPf.png)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/7HWPf.png) The concept is very simple: 1. Two snake-like weights on each side. 2. A middlepart with some steering mechanics in the front in shape of a manta ray (not shown) 3. A thin, flexible, black plastic between the weights. The sun shines onto the plastic. The plastic heats up the air beneath it. The air expands and carries the weight of the construction. When it flies, it looks like a straight worm that hangs in the air whilst looking at the ground in a very slight angle. It has trouble landing. That's why it doesn't. It will fly slowly past a bridge and passangers just jump onto it. It should be able to travel over long distances without droping in altitude. --- Questions 1. How exactly can I get the energy of the sun through the "carpet" into the air below? 2. How many gallons of air must there be under the carpet per pound of weight and under which circumsances (temperature and pressure of the air)? 3. What other circumstances in a world would be practical for my flying carpet to work? --- I had to finish the question in a hurry and will adjust it later if wished.	2018/08/29	[ "https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/123370", "https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com", "https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/54803/" ]	The principle seems similar to a [solar balloon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_balloon), which is an hot-air balloon where the air is heated primarly by the Sun. The Wikipedia page linked has several formulas that should be useful to you. Your design is open on the bottom while existing solar balloons are closed. This is probably critical to keep the hot air inside long enough to reach the right temperature and is probably going to be a major difference. If you are able to tweak the composition of your atmosphere you might make it more responsive to heat dilation, lowering the required temperature, but I'd bet this would not be possible with Earth's atmosphere. On the other hand, the air will be really hot on the day side of a tidally locked planet. It will receive heat from the ground as well, although how much is hard to say. Ground heat might be the force that makes it all work but you'll need to reach a compromise with how people will survive there in the first place. To make it steerable you'll need some kind of propulsion. If you have an excess of hot air letting it out would propel the vehicle in the opposite direction. Alternatively you can use a (solar.powered?) mechanical propulsion like fins or a propeller. Conclusion: "Flying carpets" will need some assumptions on the local climate and physical properties of the atmosphere and the ground. They will probably need to be incredibly large to carry a modest weight. You might however convince a reader that they work because you have some qualitative arguments, even if the numbers would not add up.	So basically you are trying to make a solar-powered balloon, stretched as a carpet. Balloon floats because air captured in it is less dense than air around it. So answering question 3: * in world with atmosphere with big thermal expansion coefficient. The bigger difference in densities of gases inside a balloon and outside of it, the bigger lift force. * in world with great gravity. The greater gravity, the greater buoyancy (balloon uses it). BTW. there is no buoyancy in zero-gravity. * in world with more dense atmosphere higher buoyancy can be achieved (water produces bigger maximum possible buoyancy than air), although air density on it's own does not produce buoyancy (only with correlation with thermal expansion coefficient that produces densities difference). As to question 2 (I'm not using imperial units here. This is why: <https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/8417995-in-metric-one-milliliter-of-water-occupies-one-cubic-centimeter>): Problem with carpet is that most of the heated air beneath it escapes it immediately. I see two possible solutions - capture part of heated up air by shaping your carpet more like a container, or make atmosphere so dense (it will prevent heated air from escaping a bit on it own) with so high thermal expansion coefficient and so great gravity, that this thin layer of heated air would be able to lift whole carpet. Let's see it it is anyhow doable with some maths. Some symbols with meanings: m - mass of carpet g - acceleration of gravity Fb - buoyancy force Vu - volume of heated air under carpet needed to create this force Rd - difference in densities between heated and cold air (beneath and over carpet) - it gets bigger with air's thermal expansion coefficient growth Q - gravity force acting on carpet If your carpet will weight W, then we need to create force greater than W\g to lift it. This force will be Fb = gVuRd, so: Fb > Q gVuRd > m\g Vu\Rg > m (Vu\Rd)/m > 1 About thermal expansion coefficient you can read here: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_expansion#Volume_expansion> This coefficient for gases usually is around 0,01 - 0,02 / K that means, when you heat some volume V of gas by 1 kelvin, you get 1,02V in the end. Let's call this coefficient "B". This means, that Rd (mo - mass of air over carpet, mu - mass of air under carpet, Rn - density of air over carpet, like in normal conditions): Rd = (mo/Vo - mu/Vu) Rd = (mo/Vo - mu/((1+B)\Vo)) Rd = Rn - Rn/(1+B) So the bigger B, the bigger Rd, and Rd tends to Rn, so to value of density of air above carpet. So all in all you have: (Vu \ (Rn - Rn/(1+B)))/m > 1 Let's count volume of air under carpet for some example values: Vu - searched Rn = 6 g/L (sulfur hexafluoride, one of most dense gases I know about) B = 0,02 (upper regions of common coefficient) m - 1000kg (rather small unit assuming aluminum as constructing material, 6 passengers probably) So: Vu > m / (Rn - Rn/(1+B)) Vu > 1000[kg] / (0,006[kg/L] - (0,006[kg/L]/1,02) Vu > 8500000 L (dm3) So assuming that under your carpet you'll add a wall to keep averagely 10dm (1m) of hot air under carpet (it will be more in the middle, and less on the sides, but I can't calculate this), your carpet would have to have 850000dm2 or 8500m2 of area. Pretty much impossible with 1000kg. But if you'd add a wall that will keep 100m of air under it, it will have to have 85m2 area, so... pretty big carpet you'd have. But possible I think. Let's mess a bit with entry values: Rn = 10 B = 0,05 m = 250kg (ultra-light sun-forged meteorite metals alloy) We get Vu > 525000dm3 So with wall keeping avg. 1m or air beneath, area of carpet should be 525m2 Well.. maybe...? If we would do: Rn = 600 (least dense liquid I found has ~616: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isopentane>) B = 0,1 (this seems so extreme extreme to me that I don't know If it is possible in conditions any carbon life we know of can survive) m = 10kg Vu > 1100dm3, so with 0,5dm of air beneath it in average it's area could be 22m2 So extreme... As to question 1: Another thing is heating the air - there are two ways that come to my mind. solar powered peltier modules or Stirling engine. Both will transport heat from upper surface of carpet to bottom one. Both can be powered with super-efficient solar power driven energy source, but since this civilization is bound to their sun so tightly, than this is probably not a problem. Afterword: Our planes have MUCH more efficient ratio of mass/(wings)area, so maybe just make them all use solar powered planes...?
63,388	Philippines,Peru and Nepal seem to the similar countries economically. Then why did the armed struggle work only in Nepal and not in all these places? Where did the government go right in these places and the countries go wrong in all these places.A slightly detailed insight into this will be mot certainly welcome.	2021/04/11	[ "https://politics.stackexchange.com/questions/63388", "https://politics.stackexchange.com", "https://politics.stackexchange.com/users/37833/" ]	Governments are normally quite capable of surviving an armed insurgency by a small rebel group. The military of a state is normally far more capable than any armed faction. What governments find difficult to survive is a mass movement. The exact size of a "mass movement" is debated, but the [3.5% rule](https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20190513-it-only-takes-35-of-people-to-change-the-world) is sometimes quoted. That is, if 3.5% of the population is actively resisting your government, it won't survive. That means 3.5% of the population on the streets actively protesting. In Peru, the Shining Path group never had this kind of support. In the Philippines, the Aquino revolution did have this support and the revolution was successful, but various communist armed groups have never been able to mobilise this number of people. In Nepal, the Maoist military groups likewise had no wide support for many years. It was only when they formed alliances with other opposition groups that a peaceful revolution occurred. The Maoists didn't succeed in all their goals, after all, Nepal is not now a Maoist communist state. So the Maoists failed in Nepal, until they gave up armed struggle and build a wide coalition of supporters. It is a broad-based support, with 3.5% of the population actively protesting that leads to regime change.	First, what is armed struggle? Do the Taliban qualify? i.e. does it mean that the people waging it are "good guys"? How do you qualify that? So, sticking specifically to why Peru's government survived the Shining Path, despite decades of failing their indigenous population (an ongoing failure, by the way), what exact attraction did Shining Path hold for the "hearts and minds" of that population? Why would they choose to back that insurgency? Did the SP insurgency respect the natives and actually help them? I think not. Let's look at the [Lucanamarca Massacre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983_Lucanamarca_massacre) > > On 17 May 1980 the Shining Path went to war against the Peruvian state. The Shining Path was based in the Ayacucho Region. In March 1983, ronderos killed Olegario Curitomay, a Shining Path commander in Lucanamarca, a small town in the Huanca Sancos Province of Ayacucho. The ronderos took Curitomay to the town square, stoned him, stabbed him, set him on fire, and finally shot him.[1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983_Lucanamarca_massacre) > > > Shining Path militants responded to the death of Olegario Curitomay by entering the province of Huancasancos and the towns of Yanaccollpa, Ataccara, Llacchua, Muylacruz, and Lucanamarca, and killing 69 people. Of those killed by the Shining Path, eighteen were children, the youngest of whom was only six months old. Also killed were eleven women, some of whom were pregnant. Eight of the victims were between fifty and seventy years old. > > > Let's say what Comrade Guzman, the insurgency leader had to say, in a freely-given interview (my emphasises): > > In the face of reactionary military actions... we responded with a devastating action: Lucanamarca. Neither they nor we have forgotten it, to be sure, because they got an answer that they didn't imagine possible. More than 80 were annihilated, that is the truth. And we say openly that there were excesses, as was analyzed in 1983. But everything in life has two aspects. Our task was to deal a devastating blow in order to put them in check, to make them understand that it was not going to be so easy. On some occasions, like that one, it was the Central Leadership itself that planned the action and gave instructions. That's how it was. In that case, the principal thing is that we dealt them a devastating blow, and we checked them and they understood that they were dealing with a different kind of people's fighters, that we weren't the same as those they had fought before. This is what they understood. The excesses are the negative aspect... If we were to give the masses a lot of restrictions, requirements and prohibitions, it would mean that deep down we didn't want the waters to overflow. And what we needed was for the waters to overflow, to let the flood rage, because we know that when a river floods its banks it causes devastation, but then it returns to its riverbed.... [T]he main point was to make them understand that we were a hard nut to crack, and that we were ready for anything, anything. > > > So, ask yourself, why the heck would the people follow that lunatic? Unlike the Taliban in Afghanistan, Communism had little inherent cultural attraction to the natives. Sure, it sounds great to be talking about people's liberation, but you can only coerce people with that type of fear and you risk, even with an initially oppressive government, that the people choose the government as the lesser of two evils. Just to be clear, the then-Peruvian governments, ending with Fujimori, committed a number of atrocities of its own and is hardly blameless. [Further reading](https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/1988/HJV.htm):
77,803	Chwistmas is the same with or without me, though I do wish you all Mewwy Chwistmas... > > I wish to be wid of my condition > > > I am named and famed with humiliation > > > A small happy square wheel! That's my goal > > > And not mewely an empty hole, > > > Gweeted and weceived with dewision > > > What am I, what do I want to become, and why? HINT 1: > > W -> R > > >	2018/12/25	[ "https://puzzling.stackexchange.com/questions/77803", "https://puzzling.stackexchange.com", "https://puzzling.stackexchange.com/users/43767/" ]	CORRECT :) (Finally) Are you > > 0 ? > > > Do you want to be > > a small positive number >0 > > > I wish to be wid of my condition, > > Nothing? > > > I am named and famed with humiliation > > You are something that means nothing > > > A small happy square wheel! That's my goal > > a small happy square real? Coz no matter how you square 0, you end up with 0! > Or you want to look like this? "□" (Irrelevant) > according to OP: a small positive (happy) real number > > > And not mewely an empty hole, > > ? It's a hole (0) > and according to OP: Zero is the smallest non-negative Whole number (empty hole) > > > Gweeted and weceived with dewision > > for being imaginary? (a dreamer?) > Zero is considered both real and imaginary, see this: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imaginary_number> > > > Hint 1: > > W -> R and has implications of Whole Numbers -> Real Numbers (as suggested by OP in comment) > > > --- Note: editing this as I came across [this comment from a mod on another user's answer](https://puzzling.stackexchange.com/questions/85372/you-sign-me-right-round/85391#comment248090_85391) stating that we should delete old attempts...	Partial Answer - What am I? > > An Irish beard > > > What is my goal > > to become a squirrel > > > Why? > > Because squirrels aren't empty? and they kind of look like beards? > > >
77,803	Chwistmas is the same with or without me, though I do wish you all Mewwy Chwistmas... > > I wish to be wid of my condition > > > I am named and famed with humiliation > > > A small happy square wheel! That's my goal > > > And not mewely an empty hole, > > > Gweeted and weceived with dewision > > > What am I, what do I want to become, and why? HINT 1: > > W -> R > > >	2018/12/25	[ "https://puzzling.stackexchange.com/questions/77803", "https://puzzling.stackexchange.com", "https://puzzling.stackexchange.com/users/43767/" ]	CORRECT :) (Finally) Are you > > 0 ? > > > Do you want to be > > a small positive number >0 > > > I wish to be wid of my condition, > > Nothing? > > > I am named and famed with humiliation > > You are something that means nothing > > > A small happy square wheel! That's my goal > > a small happy square real? Coz no matter how you square 0, you end up with 0! > Or you want to look like this? "□" (Irrelevant) > according to OP: a small positive (happy) real number > > > And not mewely an empty hole, > > ? It's a hole (0) > and according to OP: Zero is the smallest non-negative Whole number (empty hole) > > > Gweeted and weceived with dewision > > for being imaginary? (a dreamer?) > Zero is considered both real and imaginary, see this: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imaginary_number> > > > Hint 1: > > W -> R and has implications of Whole Numbers -> Real Numbers (as suggested by OP in comment) > > > --- Note: editing this as I came across [this comment from a mod on another user's answer](https://puzzling.stackexchange.com/questions/85372/you-sign-me-right-round/85391#comment248090_85391) stating that we should delete old attempts...	I believe this relates to > > Irish dances > > > You wish to be a > > Reel, used in square dancing > > > Because you are a > > Jig, which is the stereotypical Irish dance and and a tool used for holding other tools (which occupy the empty space or hole in the jig) > > > I'm unsure about the math tag, but I think the numbers > > 1, 49, or 100 > > > Come into play since they are > > the smallest square happy real numbers ( <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Happy_number> ) > > >
77,803	Chwistmas is the same with or without me, though I do wish you all Mewwy Chwistmas... > > I wish to be wid of my condition > > > I am named and famed with humiliation > > > A small happy square wheel! That's my goal > > > And not mewely an empty hole, > > > Gweeted and weceived with dewision > > > What am I, what do I want to become, and why? HINT 1: > > W -> R > > >	2018/12/25	[ "https://puzzling.stackexchange.com/questions/77803", "https://puzzling.stackexchange.com", "https://puzzling.stackexchange.com/users/43767/" ]	CORRECT :) (Finally) Are you > > 0 ? > > > Do you want to be > > a small positive number >0 > > > I wish to be wid of my condition, > > Nothing? > > > I am named and famed with humiliation > > You are something that means nothing > > > A small happy square wheel! That's my goal > > a small happy square real? Coz no matter how you square 0, you end up with 0! > Or you want to look like this? "□" (Irrelevant) > according to OP: a small positive (happy) real number > > > And not mewely an empty hole, > > ? It's a hole (0) > and according to OP: Zero is the smallest non-negative Whole number (empty hole) > > > Gweeted and weceived with dewision > > for being imaginary? (a dreamer?) > Zero is considered both real and imaginary, see this: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imaginary_number> > > > Hint 1: > > W -> R and has implications of Whole Numbers -> Real Numbers (as suggested by OP in comment) > > > --- Note: editing this as I came across [this comment from a mod on another user's answer](https://puzzling.stackexchange.com/questions/85372/you-sign-me-right-round/85391#comment248090_85391) stating that we should delete old attempts...	From HINT 1: > > W -> R > > > Ch(r)istmas is the same (r)ith or (r)ithout me, though I do (r)ish you all Me(rr)y Ch(r)istmas... > > I (r)ish to be (r)id of my condition > > I am named and famed with humiliation > > A small happy square (r)heel! That's my goal > > And not me(r)ely an empty hole, > > G(r)eeted and (r)eceived (r)ith de(r)ision > > > Resulting: > > 15 total w->(r)s converted: 7before spoiler, 8 w->(r)s in spoiler > > > Wordplay possible definition: > > [Irish](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish): assumed to be Irish people, people of Irish ethnicity, people born in Ireland and people who hold Irish citizenship > > [rish](https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=rish): abbreviation for Irish and Celtic related peoples. > > [rid](https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/rid): make someone or something free of (an unwanted person or thing) > > [-(r)hell](https://www.thefreedictionary.com/words-that-end-in-rheel) > [rheel](http://www.rheelgroup.com/) > [merely](https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/merely): just; only > [greeted](https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/greeted): past simple and past participle of [greet](https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/greet):to welcome someone with particular words or a particular action, .. > > [received](https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/received): generally accepted as being right or correct because it is based on authority.. > > [rith](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rith): is a relay race organised in support of the Irish language. > > [rith](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rith): From Middle English rīth (“a small stream”), from Old English rīþ (“a small stream”). > > [derision](https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/derision): contemptuous ridicule or mockery. > > > Repeated from spoiler and before spoiler: > > [rish](https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=rish): abbreviation for Irish and Celtic related peoples. > > and > > [rith](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rith): is a relay race organised in support of the Irish language. > > [rith](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rith): From Middle English rīth (“a small stream”), from Old English rīþ (“a small stream”). > > > Additional note: > > I wish to be wid of my condition > > I am named and famed with humiliation > > A small happy square wheel! That's my goal > > And not mewely an empty hole, > > Gweeted and weceived with dewision > > > Resulting: > > 3 on -ending > > 1 al -ending > > 1 le -ending > > > Which ended up with: > > [onalle](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oUHM0qCA2k4) an Indian song(?) :P > > > What am I, what do I want to become, and why? > > My first guess is you're an Irish who would like to be the one giving Christmas wish. Because whether you gave a wish or not it's all the same :P > > > > Second guess that you're [Indian](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oUHM0qCA2k4) which don't want to continue being a dancer, named and famed with humiliation (with some praise). You would like to have a child (to play the wheel), don't want to be lonely and sad. Because you would be mocked if you dance until old :P > > >
188,916	Can I use both a clause and a noun as the subject of a sentence? For example: > > How the factors interact and their compound impact are not well understood. > > > I find the meaning is clear but the structure of the sentence seems not valid.	2014/08/06	[ "https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/188916", "https://english.stackexchange.com", "https://english.stackexchange.com/users/76911/" ]	The problem here—if there is one—is comparable to that of a sentence that runs as follows: > > The compression of images and arranging words most effectively are of the essence of poetry. > > > In both instance, the reader understands what is being said but wonders why the author didn't take the opportunity (or make the effort) to bring the dual subject into parallel form. In my example, the parallel design is easy to achieve by changing "the compression of" to "compressing": > > Compressing images and arranging words most effectively are of the essence of poetry. > > > In your example, the author has several ways of bringing the opening words into parallel. For example: > > How the factors interact and what their compound impact may be are not well understood. > > > or: > > The factors' interaction and compound impact are not well understood. > > > or: > > The interaction and compound impact of the factors are not well understood. > > > or: > > Experts do not thoroughly understand the factors' interaction or their compound impact. > > > or (as George Pompidou suggests in a comment above): > > It is not well understood how the factors interact and what their compound impact is. > > > It seems to me that the human preference for parallel structures in writing and speech is quite strong and that a failure to uphold such parallelism can often be traced to a significant external factor. In the case of the sentence you quote, the external factor might be the author's reluctance to have the words is and are appear contiguously in the sentence—a situation that would have occurred if the author had followed "How the factors interact" with its natural matching form "what their compound impact is": > > How the factors interact and what their compound impact is are not well understood. > > > But the author's decision to take the dual subject out of parallel form in order to avoid the "is are" result was not dictated by necessity; it more likely represented the first avoidance method that the author found at hand. Aesthetic preference is a matter rather far afield from core considerations of grammar and popular usage, but I think that it is important to recognize that language patterns and choices can have nonrational effects, much as music patterns and choices can. Your conclusion that "the meaning is clear but the structure of the sentence seems not valid" sounds to me like an objection to the aesthetic effect of the author's yoking of subjects expressed in somewhat dissimilar forms. Objectively the sentence is valid, and the author has every right to combine the two forms in a single subject; but subjectively you, as a reader, have every right to dislike the result.	No, neither one. Here is a clause: "The man runs". Here is what happens when I try to use it as a subject: \"The man runs surprises us." No good. Here is a noun: "man". Here is what happens when I try to use it as a subject: \"Man runs." No good. For a subject, you need a noun phrase. You can make a noun phrase from the noun "man" by adding a determiner: "The man runs." You can also make a noun phrase from a clause by adding a complementizer: "That the man runs surprises us." In some cases, nothing needs to be added to a noun to make a noun phrase which works as a subject: "Men run." Nonetheless, "men" in this sentence is a noun phrase. In your example, "How the factors interact and their compound impact are not well understood", both "how the factors interact" and "their compound impact" are noun phrases, so they can be conjoined to form a noun phrase, which can then be a subject. No problem. The fact that these two noun phrases have different derivations is not relevant to whether they can be conjoined.
728,755	Recently there has been a lot of hype about URL Shortening. I guess some URL Shortening services even offer tracking stats. But, doesn't adding one more level of look-up to the original URL affect page ranking in any way? Just curious to know.	2009/04/08	[ "https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/728755", "https://Stackoverflow.com", "https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1385252/" ]	IT depends upon the implementation from the URL shortener service. If they use HTTP 301 and/ or HTTP 302 in their redirects then Google are quite good in interpreting these correctly in accordance to Page Rank. However other parameters might be affected by URL shortening. Most Search Engines uses anchor text and URL texts as a parameter to what to give hits for for a specific URL. And if the URL changes from <http://example.com/some-article-about-C> to <http://example.com/234432> then obviously the first one carries more information for the search engine which will make it perform better for "article" and "c"...	It might, right now, but I wouldn't expect that to last for too long. SEO and PageRank are subjects where a lot of guesswork is passed off as wisdom. If you're that obsessively worried about your PageRank, here's what you do. Take that energy, and put it into creating content that people want to link to. You'll get better results. People buy stuff. Robots don't.
728,755	Recently there has been a lot of hype about URL Shortening. I guess some URL Shortening services even offer tracking stats. But, doesn't adding one more level of look-up to the original URL affect page ranking in any way? Just curious to know.	2009/04/08	[ "https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/728755", "https://Stackoverflow.com", "https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1385252/" ]	It might, right now, but I wouldn't expect that to last for too long. SEO and PageRank are subjects where a lot of guesswork is passed off as wisdom. If you're that obsessively worried about your PageRank, here's what you do. Take that energy, and put it into creating content that people want to link to. You'll get better results. People buy stuff. Robots don't.	Well, I can tell you one thing that won't affect your PageRank - URL shorteners using DNS. The vast majority of URL shorteners use clientside redirection - either via scripting/meta-refresh, or via frames. Those might affect your ranking as they change what Google sees - you never know. Examples are anything from [Dot.tk](http://dot.tk) to [PopNIC](http://www.popnic.com/), [Smartdots](http://smartdots.com), [JoyNIC](http://www.joynic.com/), [HomeNIC](http://www.homenic.com/), [EuropNIC](http://www.europnic.com), [Tipdots](http://www.tipdots.com), [DuoNIC](http://duonic.com), [UnoNIC](http://www.unonic.com/), [Cydots](http://www.cydots.com/), [FreeNIC](http://freenic.at), [Mediadots](http://mediadots.com), [Ulimit](http://ulimit.com), [kurzURL](http://kurzurl.de), [co.nr](http://co.nr) and [de.be](http://nic.de.be)/[de.vu](http://nic.de.vu)/[ch.vu](http://nic.ch.vu). A few services are using proper DNS for forwarding, though. Those include [Afraid.org](http://afraid.org), [co.cc](http://www.co.cc/), [No-ip](http://no-ip.com) and [Da.ru](http://da.ru). This is fully transparent to visitors and spiders, so you can be sure it doesn't affect your rank.
728,755	Recently there has been a lot of hype about URL Shortening. I guess some URL Shortening services even offer tracking stats. But, doesn't adding one more level of look-up to the original URL affect page ranking in any way? Just curious to know.	2009/04/08	[ "https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/728755", "https://Stackoverflow.com", "https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1385252/" ]	It might, right now, but I wouldn't expect that to last for too long. SEO and PageRank are subjects where a lot of guesswork is passed off as wisdom. If you're that obsessively worried about your PageRank, here's what you do. Take that energy, and put it into creating content that people want to link to. You'll get better results. People buy stuff. Robots don't.	The criticisms of URL shortening have reached near hysteria. Combine this with SEO guidance that borders on superstition if not outright voodoo and you'll find a lot of (mis)information out there. [URL shortening is a storm in a teacup](http://www.cforcoding.com/2009/06/hysteria-over-url-shortening.html). Don't expect it to make any difference to search engines.
728,755	Recently there has been a lot of hype about URL Shortening. I guess some URL Shortening services even offer tracking stats. But, doesn't adding one more level of look-up to the original URL affect page ranking in any way? Just curious to know.	2009/04/08	[ "https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/728755", "https://Stackoverflow.com", "https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1385252/" ]	It might, right now, but I wouldn't expect that to last for too long. SEO and PageRank are subjects where a lot of guesswork is passed off as wisdom. If you're that obsessively worried about your PageRank, here's what you do. Take that energy, and put it into creating content that people want to link to. You'll get better results. People buy stuff. Robots don't.	No it does not affect page ranking. But the url should not link to a bad neighbour hood like porn, viagara etc. URL shortening is mean to shorten and place it instead of placing huge url. You can try [zxc9.com](http://zxc9.com) and also its API for your services.
728,755	Recently there has been a lot of hype about URL Shortening. I guess some URL Shortening services even offer tracking stats. But, doesn't adding one more level of look-up to the original URL affect page ranking in any way? Just curious to know.	2009/04/08	[ "https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/728755", "https://Stackoverflow.com", "https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1385252/" ]	IT depends upon the implementation from the URL shortener service. If they use HTTP 301 and/ or HTTP 302 in their redirects then Google are quite good in interpreting these correctly in accordance to Page Rank. However other parameters might be affected by URL shortening. Most Search Engines uses anchor text and URL texts as a parameter to what to give hits for for a specific URL. And if the URL changes from <http://example.com/some-article-about-C> to <http://example.com/234432> then obviously the first one carries more information for the search engine which will make it perform better for "article" and "c"...	Well, I can tell you one thing that won't affect your PageRank - URL shorteners using DNS. The vast majority of URL shorteners use clientside redirection - either via scripting/meta-refresh, or via frames. Those might affect your ranking as they change what Google sees - you never know. Examples are anything from [Dot.tk](http://dot.tk) to [PopNIC](http://www.popnic.com/), [Smartdots](http://smartdots.com), [JoyNIC](http://www.joynic.com/), [HomeNIC](http://www.homenic.com/), [EuropNIC](http://www.europnic.com), [Tipdots](http://www.tipdots.com), [DuoNIC](http://duonic.com), [UnoNIC](http://www.unonic.com/), [Cydots](http://www.cydots.com/), [FreeNIC](http://freenic.at), [Mediadots](http://mediadots.com), [Ulimit](http://ulimit.com), [kurzURL](http://kurzurl.de), [co.nr](http://co.nr) and [de.be](http://nic.de.be)/[de.vu](http://nic.de.vu)/[ch.vu](http://nic.ch.vu). A few services are using proper DNS for forwarding, though. Those include [Afraid.org](http://afraid.org), [co.cc](http://www.co.cc/), [No-ip](http://no-ip.com) and [Da.ru](http://da.ru). This is fully transparent to visitors and spiders, so you can be sure it doesn't affect your rank.
728,755	Recently there has been a lot of hype about URL Shortening. I guess some URL Shortening services even offer tracking stats. But, doesn't adding one more level of look-up to the original URL affect page ranking in any way? Just curious to know.	2009/04/08	[ "https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/728755", "https://Stackoverflow.com", "https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1385252/" ]	IT depends upon the implementation from the URL shortener service. If they use HTTP 301 and/ or HTTP 302 in their redirects then Google are quite good in interpreting these correctly in accordance to Page Rank. However other parameters might be affected by URL shortening. Most Search Engines uses anchor text and URL texts as a parameter to what to give hits for for a specific URL. And if the URL changes from <http://example.com/some-article-about-C> to <http://example.com/234432> then obviously the first one carries more information for the search engine which will make it perform better for "article" and "c"...	The criticisms of URL shortening have reached near hysteria. Combine this with SEO guidance that borders on superstition if not outright voodoo and you'll find a lot of (mis)information out there. [URL shortening is a storm in a teacup](http://www.cforcoding.com/2009/06/hysteria-over-url-shortening.html). Don't expect it to make any difference to search engines.
728,755	Recently there has been a lot of hype about URL Shortening. I guess some URL Shortening services even offer tracking stats. But, doesn't adding one more level of look-up to the original URL affect page ranking in any way? Just curious to know.	2009/04/08	[ "https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/728755", "https://Stackoverflow.com", "https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1385252/" ]	IT depends upon the implementation from the URL shortener service. If they use HTTP 301 and/ or HTTP 302 in their redirects then Google are quite good in interpreting these correctly in accordance to Page Rank. However other parameters might be affected by URL shortening. Most Search Engines uses anchor text and URL texts as a parameter to what to give hits for for a specific URL. And if the URL changes from <http://example.com/some-article-about-C> to <http://example.com/234432> then obviously the first one carries more information for the search engine which will make it perform better for "article" and "c"...	No it does not affect page ranking. But the url should not link to a bad neighbour hood like porn, viagara etc. URL shortening is mean to shorten and place it instead of placing huge url. You can try [zxc9.com](http://zxc9.com) and also its API for your services.
728,755	Recently there has been a lot of hype about URL Shortening. I guess some URL Shortening services even offer tracking stats. But, doesn't adding one more level of look-up to the original URL affect page ranking in any way? Just curious to know.	2009/04/08	[ "https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/728755", "https://Stackoverflow.com", "https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1385252/" ]	Well, I can tell you one thing that won't affect your PageRank - URL shorteners using DNS. The vast majority of URL shorteners use clientside redirection - either via scripting/meta-refresh, or via frames. Those might affect your ranking as they change what Google sees - you never know. Examples are anything from [Dot.tk](http://dot.tk) to [PopNIC](http://www.popnic.com/), [Smartdots](http://smartdots.com), [JoyNIC](http://www.joynic.com/), [HomeNIC](http://www.homenic.com/), [EuropNIC](http://www.europnic.com), [Tipdots](http://www.tipdots.com), [DuoNIC](http://duonic.com), [UnoNIC](http://www.unonic.com/), [Cydots](http://www.cydots.com/), [FreeNIC](http://freenic.at), [Mediadots](http://mediadots.com), [Ulimit](http://ulimit.com), [kurzURL](http://kurzurl.de), [co.nr](http://co.nr) and [de.be](http://nic.de.be)/[de.vu](http://nic.de.vu)/[ch.vu](http://nic.ch.vu). A few services are using proper DNS for forwarding, though. Those include [Afraid.org](http://afraid.org), [co.cc](http://www.co.cc/), [No-ip](http://no-ip.com) and [Da.ru](http://da.ru). This is fully transparent to visitors and spiders, so you can be sure it doesn't affect your rank.	The criticisms of URL shortening have reached near hysteria. Combine this with SEO guidance that borders on superstition if not outright voodoo and you'll find a lot of (mis)information out there. [URL shortening is a storm in a teacup](http://www.cforcoding.com/2009/06/hysteria-over-url-shortening.html). Don't expect it to make any difference to search engines.
728,755	Recently there has been a lot of hype about URL Shortening. I guess some URL Shortening services even offer tracking stats. But, doesn't adding one more level of look-up to the original URL affect page ranking in any way? Just curious to know.	2009/04/08	[ "https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/728755", "https://Stackoverflow.com", "https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1385252/" ]	Well, I can tell you one thing that won't affect your PageRank - URL shorteners using DNS. The vast majority of URL shorteners use clientside redirection - either via scripting/meta-refresh, or via frames. Those might affect your ranking as they change what Google sees - you never know. Examples are anything from [Dot.tk](http://dot.tk) to [PopNIC](http://www.popnic.com/), [Smartdots](http://smartdots.com), [JoyNIC](http://www.joynic.com/), [HomeNIC](http://www.homenic.com/), [EuropNIC](http://www.europnic.com), [Tipdots](http://www.tipdots.com), [DuoNIC](http://duonic.com), [UnoNIC](http://www.unonic.com/), [Cydots](http://www.cydots.com/), [FreeNIC](http://freenic.at), [Mediadots](http://mediadots.com), [Ulimit](http://ulimit.com), [kurzURL](http://kurzurl.de), [co.nr](http://co.nr) and [de.be](http://nic.de.be)/[de.vu](http://nic.de.vu)/[ch.vu](http://nic.ch.vu). A few services are using proper DNS for forwarding, though. Those include [Afraid.org](http://afraid.org), [co.cc](http://www.co.cc/), [No-ip](http://no-ip.com) and [Da.ru](http://da.ru). This is fully transparent to visitors and spiders, so you can be sure it doesn't affect your rank.	No it does not affect page ranking. But the url should not link to a bad neighbour hood like porn, viagara etc. URL shortening is mean to shorten and place it instead of placing huge url. You can try [zxc9.com](http://zxc9.com) and also its API for your services.
7,912,865	I am Student of Computer Sciences and learning assembly language. Now i want to make a project in assembly language kindly tell me that what kind of application are making with assembly language. So i select the appropiate project for my subject.	2011/10/27	[ "https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/7912865", "https://Stackoverflow.com", "https://Stackoverflow.com/users/945379/" ]	Assembly, being the low-level programming language that it is, can be used to develop anything, from a small "hello, world!" program up to an operating system. Once upon a time (back in the 40s) that was all developers had to work with, but then high-level languages started coming out and people quickly moved forward. Today, the use of Assembly language is mainly contained to devices without adequate compilers and for hand-crafted well-optimized code. That said, with today's architecture it is quite hard to produce a piece of assembly code that's more optimized than what a modern compiler would give you. For your purposes, it depends on the project scope and requirements. Bear in mind that even a very simple project, like an interactive console-based tic-tac-toe can be quite large in assembly. Here are some examples for a small project: 1. Guess the number: the PC will pick a random number [1..100] and the user will need to guess it. 2. Find the divisors: given a number from the user, find all the divisors of this number. 3. Permutate a string: given a string from the user, find all the permutations of this string.	Theoretically, you can build any software using Assemble language; however, it is appropriate to use Assemble language only in following situations: (1) To communicate with hardware directly. For example, writing hardware Drivers. (2) To use low-level OS service (or hack the OS). For example, writing virus or anti-virus software. (3) Write highly efficient program. Assemble code generates very small executable.It is perfect choice if the memory of the device which is intended to run the program is very limited. Also, in theory, and most of the times, Assemble program runs faster than the programs created using high-level languages. A real example from my experience is that I used assemble language to intercept Windows APIs to introduce some Arabic language services to English Windows 98 long time ago. Also, I had to use Assemble language to create a Arabic String utility which was very frequently utilized by the core and it was proved that using Assemble language was a right choice for that matter.
51,489,954	Can someone explain the differences between GraalVM and Jvm-Hotspot, and how GraalVM is related to OpenJDK's HotSpot.	2018/07/24	[ "https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/51489954", "https://Stackoverflow.com", "https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1079835/" ]	In that context you could think of GraalVM as a modified/improved HotSpot JVM [very loosely: OpenJDK's HotSpot + the Graal JIT Compiler (replacing the one from HotSpot) + the ability to run other languages (JS, Ruby, R, Python, etc.) + ability to AOT compile Java + additional bundled tools, etc.]	GraalVM is a JVM with multiple change: * the graal compiler. It is intended to replace the C2 compiler (server mode) in front of HotSpot. * Truffle a library that you can implements to make JVM polyglot ( there already a number of language that are supported like js, R, Ruby...) The graal project also have a Substrate VM which is a framework to build native artifact from Java.
51,489,954	Can someone explain the differences between GraalVM and Jvm-Hotspot, and how GraalVM is related to OpenJDK's HotSpot.	2018/07/24	[ "https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/51489954", "https://Stackoverflow.com", "https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1079835/" ]	In that context you could think of GraalVM as a modified/improved HotSpot JVM [very loosely: OpenJDK's HotSpot + the Graal JIT Compiler (replacing the one from HotSpot) + the ability to run other languages (JS, Ruby, R, Python, etc.) + ability to AOT compile Java + additional bundled tools, etc.]	Detailed information about how Graalvm performs better than standard Hotspot and how to use it: <https://www.baeldung.com/graal-java-jit-compiler>
51,489,954	Can someone explain the differences between GraalVM and Jvm-Hotspot, and how GraalVM is related to OpenJDK's HotSpot.	2018/07/24	[ "https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/51489954", "https://Stackoverflow.com", "https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1079835/" ]	GraalVM is a JVM with multiple change: * the graal compiler. It is intended to replace the C2 compiler (server mode) in front of HotSpot. * Truffle a library that you can implements to make JVM polyglot ( there already a number of language that are supported like js, R, Ruby...) The graal project also have a Substrate VM which is a framework to build native artifact from Java.	Detailed information about how Graalvm performs better than standard Hotspot and how to use it: <https://www.baeldung.com/graal-java-jit-compiler>
424,798	I'm currently considering pursuing postgraduate studies in the field of chaos/dynamical systems/nonlinear phenomena, and was wondering whether there are particular programming languages that are favoured when doing such research. Are there any that stand out in particular that would come in handy? C, C++, Python, Haskell? I have taken one-term courses in Java and MatLab programming, so I know the basics of programming, but I haven't really programmed much or at all outside of the courses themselves. So I figured it might be useful if I also picked up a language that I'd actually use in grad school, prior to actually getting there and having to learn it on the fly.	2013/06/19	[ "https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/424798", "https://math.stackexchange.com", "https://math.stackexchange.com/users/27393/" ]	I don't know if there any special "favored" languages in this area, but I suspect that the answer is "no". In any given discipline, you will typically find people using an assortment of different programming languages to explore ideas. In many cases, people choose a particular language just because it's one they already know, not because it's especially well suited to the problems at hand. As the old saying goes -- "when your only tool is a hammer, every problem looks like a nail" :-) If you're going to learn a new language, here are a few criteria to consider: (1) Pick one that's "mainstream", rather than some special niche language. So, pick C++, or C#, or Java, or Matlab. Maybe Mathematica. Maybe Python. Not Haskell. That way, the knowledge you gain will be more broadly applicable. It might help you get a job, at some point, for example. (2) Pick one that is well suited to your problem domain, to make your life easier. So, for dynamical systems, I would expect that Matlab and Mathematica would be good. Python would be good, too, because you have access to the NumPy package. C++, Java, and C# might involve more work, depending on what helpful libraries you can find (there are many, but their quality varies greatly). (3) Personally, the only reason I ever use C/C++ is when I want my code to run as fast as it possibly can. Unless performance is the main concern, C/C++ are just too much trouble, IMO. The criteria are conflicting, of course, and only you can decide which ones are important to you.	This question is difficult to answer, because any answer is too broad for the particular problems you will face. With that in consideration, the approach I suggest is the one programmers use for software development: Cascade from highest level (e.g. Mathematica and Matlab), down to lower levels (e.g. C/C++), in this order. You should only switch to a lower level when you know that a higher level language is not suited for your needs, either because lack of functionality or speed. The main motivation is that, given the same programming time, higher level languages have broader applicability and faster development than low level languages. This is of course restricted to the languages you are comfortable with. If you plan to learn a new language, as Bubba correctly pointed out, pick a mainstream language such as (in my personal opinion): 1. Mathematica 2. Python 3. C/C++ ordered from higher to lower level.
899,155	I've been a web programmer for a while and I can also program in Java. I have an idea for a small, multiplayer RPG game that I want to work on. It will be played through a java applet in the user's web browser. I have written the design document and specifications of the gameplay. What I'd like to know now is how I can develop the game? I've worked only with windows-like business apps in the past, with built-in widgets for textboxes, dropdowns, etc. With game programming it seems that I would have to build my own widget/controls for the UI of the game. These are the specific questions I have in mind: 1) How to display a 'loading...' message with a progress bar while the game's images, sound, etc are being downloaded. (Using the java applet) 2) How to create the UI of the game with its own menu, controls, etc. Such as by clicking the map icon it would show up a map to them. Clicking the friends icon would let them chat to their friends, etc. 3) And other, general game development issues that i should know about, like whether I should use 2D or 3D graphics, physics in games, etc. If there's a good recommendation for a book that will help me, do share.	2009/05/22	[ "https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/899155", "https://Stackoverflow.com", "https://Stackoverflow.com/users/49153/" ]	If this is your first game, a multiplayer project might be too ambitious. Loading screens are not terribly hard - I implement them by counting up how many files I have to 'load' and then advancing the progress bar (and doing a screen refresh) every time another file has been loaded successfully. You can do this with as much granularity as you please - it might complicate your loading code to add the UI component. I wouldn't worry about it for now; maybe just throw up a basic "Loading..." frame and then implement a full progress bar later when the game is more solid. I've also seen some good implementations with multithreading. The other two will come with experience; I think what you need more of is a general tutorial for game development than the specific answers. You should definitely start smaller. Once you understand the structure and problems of a smaller game, it will be easier to apply those to larger games. Most reasonable game programming books will go over basic game structure; I like Game Coding Complete but it's quite complicated for a beginner (it covers more complex ways to approach large projects). Game Architecture and Design is similar, but might be better suited to what you're looking for since it also covers some minor project management "best practices." There's a lot of different ways to do UI, from using the Java primitive UI types (depending on what other libraries you're using) to self-writing your own "HUD" implementation with just what you need.	Don't go with the java applet approach; applets are generally annoying, and slow. If you really want it to be playable from the browser, consider Flash (actionscript), or maybe silverlight (I don't know much about games in silverlight). [Gamedev](http://gamedev.net) is a great resource for general game programming stuff And ... I'll shamelessly steal the link from yx's answer: [MIT Open Course Ware: Game Theory and Mechanism Design](http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Electrical-Engineering-and-Computer-Science/6-972Spring-2005/CourseHome/index.htm)
899,155	I've been a web programmer for a while and I can also program in Java. I have an idea for a small, multiplayer RPG game that I want to work on. It will be played through a java applet in the user's web browser. I have written the design document and specifications of the gameplay. What I'd like to know now is how I can develop the game? I've worked only with windows-like business apps in the past, with built-in widgets for textboxes, dropdowns, etc. With game programming it seems that I would have to build my own widget/controls for the UI of the game. These are the specific questions I have in mind: 1) How to display a 'loading...' message with a progress bar while the game's images, sound, etc are being downloaded. (Using the java applet) 2) How to create the UI of the game with its own menu, controls, etc. Such as by clicking the map icon it would show up a map to them. Clicking the friends icon would let them chat to their friends, etc. 3) And other, general game development issues that i should know about, like whether I should use 2D or 3D graphics, physics in games, etc. If there's a good recommendation for a book that will help me, do share.	2009/05/22	[ "https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/899155", "https://Stackoverflow.com", "https://Stackoverflow.com/users/49153/" ]	Don't go the java applet route. If you want to make a quick casual game, make it Flash; else, develop a full-blown java app and run it via java web start. Try [Tower](http://tower.sourceforge.net) to see how far you can go using java as a platform, and also how Java Web Start works. As for progress-bar thing, I recommend you to implement those files' loading and actually use them before you go for progress-bar eye-candy :)	Q1 = 1% of your time. Q2 = 40% of your time. Q3 = 59% of your time. You might as well be asking how could I write Halo3 for a web browser. Aim a little lower to start with....
899,155	I've been a web programmer for a while and I can also program in Java. I have an idea for a small, multiplayer RPG game that I want to work on. It will be played through a java applet in the user's web browser. I have written the design document and specifications of the gameplay. What I'd like to know now is how I can develop the game? I've worked only with windows-like business apps in the past, with built-in widgets for textboxes, dropdowns, etc. With game programming it seems that I would have to build my own widget/controls for the UI of the game. These are the specific questions I have in mind: 1) How to display a 'loading...' message with a progress bar while the game's images, sound, etc are being downloaded. (Using the java applet) 2) How to create the UI of the game with its own menu, controls, etc. Such as by clicking the map icon it would show up a map to them. Clicking the friends icon would let them chat to their friends, etc. 3) And other, general game development issues that i should know about, like whether I should use 2D or 3D graphics, physics in games, etc. If there's a good recommendation for a book that will help me, do share.	2009/05/22	[ "https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/899155", "https://Stackoverflow.com", "https://Stackoverflow.com/users/49153/" ]	I would look at O'Reilly Books [Killer Game Programming in Java](http://oreilly.com/catalog/9780596007300/) [Coding For Fun](http://oreilly.com/catalog/9780596520748/)	Responding to question 3. If you are really keen to start developing games, I recommend you read this [short article by Jeff Howland](http://www.gamedev.net/reference/design/features/makegames/default.asp).
899,155	I've been a web programmer for a while and I can also program in Java. I have an idea for a small, multiplayer RPG game that I want to work on. It will be played through a java applet in the user's web browser. I have written the design document and specifications of the gameplay. What I'd like to know now is how I can develop the game? I've worked only with windows-like business apps in the past, with built-in widgets for textboxes, dropdowns, etc. With game programming it seems that I would have to build my own widget/controls for the UI of the game. These are the specific questions I have in mind: 1) How to display a 'loading...' message with a progress bar while the game's images, sound, etc are being downloaded. (Using the java applet) 2) How to create the UI of the game with its own menu, controls, etc. Such as by clicking the map icon it would show up a map to them. Clicking the friends icon would let them chat to their friends, etc. 3) And other, general game development issues that i should know about, like whether I should use 2D or 3D graphics, physics in games, etc. If there's a good recommendation for a book that will help me, do share.	2009/05/22	[ "https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/899155", "https://Stackoverflow.com", "https://Stackoverflow.com/users/49153/" ]	Q1 = 1% of your time. Q2 = 40% of your time. Q3 = 59% of your time. You might as well be asking how could I write Halo3 for a web browser. Aim a little lower to start with....	Don't go with the java applet approach; applets are generally annoying, and slow. If you really want it to be playable from the browser, consider Flash (actionscript), or maybe silverlight (I don't know much about games in silverlight). [Gamedev](http://gamedev.net) is a great resource for general game programming stuff And ... I'll shamelessly steal the link from yx's answer: [MIT Open Course Ware: Game Theory and Mechanism Design](http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Electrical-Engineering-and-Computer-Science/6-972Spring-2005/CourseHome/index.htm)
899,155	I've been a web programmer for a while and I can also program in Java. I have an idea for a small, multiplayer RPG game that I want to work on. It will be played through a java applet in the user's web browser. I have written the design document and specifications of the gameplay. What I'd like to know now is how I can develop the game? I've worked only with windows-like business apps in the past, with built-in widgets for textboxes, dropdowns, etc. With game programming it seems that I would have to build my own widget/controls for the UI of the game. These are the specific questions I have in mind: 1) How to display a 'loading...' message with a progress bar while the game's images, sound, etc are being downloaded. (Using the java applet) 2) How to create the UI of the game with its own menu, controls, etc. Such as by clicking the map icon it would show up a map to them. Clicking the friends icon would let them chat to their friends, etc. 3) And other, general game development issues that i should know about, like whether I should use 2D or 3D graphics, physics in games, etc. If there's a good recommendation for a book that will help me, do share.	2009/05/22	[ "https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/899155", "https://Stackoverflow.com", "https://Stackoverflow.com/users/49153/" ]	1. The easiest route is to package everything in a Jar file. The default screen does show a progress bar with some small ability to [customise](http://java.sun.com/javase/6/docs/technotes/guides/plugin/developer_guide/special_attributes.html). You can write custom code to keep track, manage and download files but I would personally advise against this route. If you search for applet loaders you will find more information. 2. I'm not 100% sure what you mean, but you can use [Swing components](http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/ui/features/components.html) in the same way you can use them in applications. Use a JButton with an image is quite trivial, then hook the event code in the actionPerformed method. 3. The biggest problem you will probably come across is animation and the [EDT](http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/uiswing/concurrency/dispatch.html). I asked about [this](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/686822/active-rendering-and-the-edt-swing-animation) earlier. [This](http://www.coderanch.com/t/201085/Game-Development/java/Good-Java-Game-Tutorial) page has a whole bunch of useful links for game development. [Pulp core](http://www.interactivepulp.com/pulpcore/) is an open source framework worth checking out - even if you don't use the framework you can investigate the code. Whether you should use Java applets or not seems out of scope of this question, but a lot of the above answers give objective (or no reasons at all) about whether to use Java applets. If it's a game for a personal exercise to learn Java then it's a great approach. If you wish to make it public you need to consider whether the current [adoption levels](http://www.riastats.com/) are high enough for your needs. Things have changed in the applet world recently. Since [1.6 update 10](http://java.sun.com/developer/technicalArticles/javase/java6u10/) it is much more competitive with Flash - the download size is smaller (at typically under 4Mb), the startup time is reduced and a [new scaling look and feel](http://www.jasperpotts.com/blog/2007/09/nimbus-almost-done/) was introduced.	As others have said a java applet is probably not the medium in which you want to present your game. The second most people see an applet start to load they run in fear. If you have no game design experience at all, you are setting the bar very high with a multiplayer RPG. You may want to start with a simpler project such as recreating something like tetris, pacman, or even pong so you can get an idea of all that goes into creating a game. Flash is great if you are set on doing an online game, Java plus the Jogl open-gl wrappers are also a great option. Personally I would suggest using Microsoft Xna. C# is similar enough to Java that you should be able to pick it up fairly quickly and Xna does a good job of abstracting away some of the lower level details involved in graphics programming. The community is also very active and helpful.
899,155	I've been a web programmer for a while and I can also program in Java. I have an idea for a small, multiplayer RPG game that I want to work on. It will be played through a java applet in the user's web browser. I have written the design document and specifications of the gameplay. What I'd like to know now is how I can develop the game? I've worked only with windows-like business apps in the past, with built-in widgets for textboxes, dropdowns, etc. With game programming it seems that I would have to build my own widget/controls for the UI of the game. These are the specific questions I have in mind: 1) How to display a 'loading...' message with a progress bar while the game's images, sound, etc are being downloaded. (Using the java applet) 2) How to create the UI of the game with its own menu, controls, etc. Such as by clicking the map icon it would show up a map to them. Clicking the friends icon would let them chat to their friends, etc. 3) And other, general game development issues that i should know about, like whether I should use 2D or 3D graphics, physics in games, etc. If there's a good recommendation for a book that will help me, do share.	2009/05/22	[ "https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/899155", "https://Stackoverflow.com", "https://Stackoverflow.com/users/49153/" ]	1. The easiest route is to package everything in a Jar file. The default screen does show a progress bar with some small ability to [customise](http://java.sun.com/javase/6/docs/technotes/guides/plugin/developer_guide/special_attributes.html). You can write custom code to keep track, manage and download files but I would personally advise against this route. If you search for applet loaders you will find more information. 2. I'm not 100% sure what you mean, but you can use [Swing components](http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/ui/features/components.html) in the same way you can use them in applications. Use a JButton with an image is quite trivial, then hook the event code in the actionPerformed method. 3. The biggest problem you will probably come across is animation and the [EDT](http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/uiswing/concurrency/dispatch.html). I asked about [this](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/686822/active-rendering-and-the-edt-swing-animation) earlier. [This](http://www.coderanch.com/t/201085/Game-Development/java/Good-Java-Game-Tutorial) page has a whole bunch of useful links for game development. [Pulp core](http://www.interactivepulp.com/pulpcore/) is an open source framework worth checking out - even if you don't use the framework you can investigate the code. Whether you should use Java applets or not seems out of scope of this question, but a lot of the above answers give objective (or no reasons at all) about whether to use Java applets. If it's a game for a personal exercise to learn Java then it's a great approach. If you wish to make it public you need to consider whether the current [adoption levels](http://www.riastats.com/) are high enough for your needs. Things have changed in the applet world recently. Since [1.6 update 10](http://java.sun.com/developer/technicalArticles/javase/java6u10/) it is much more competitive with Flash - the download size is smaller (at typically under 4Mb), the startup time is reduced and a [new scaling look and feel](http://www.jasperpotts.com/blog/2007/09/nimbus-almost-done/) was introduced.	<http://nehe.gamedev.net/> Has tons of tutorials from basic to advanced using OpenGL from various languages and systems, from C to C# and Python to Java. I found this very very useful and is a great resource to bookmark. It should get you started with the basics of game/3D programming on your platform/language of choice. good luck!
899,155	I've been a web programmer for a while and I can also program in Java. I have an idea for a small, multiplayer RPG game that I want to work on. It will be played through a java applet in the user's web browser. I have written the design document and specifications of the gameplay. What I'd like to know now is how I can develop the game? I've worked only with windows-like business apps in the past, with built-in widgets for textboxes, dropdowns, etc. With game programming it seems that I would have to build my own widget/controls for the UI of the game. These are the specific questions I have in mind: 1) How to display a 'loading...' message with a progress bar while the game's images, sound, etc are being downloaded. (Using the java applet) 2) How to create the UI of the game with its own menu, controls, etc. Such as by clicking the map icon it would show up a map to them. Clicking the friends icon would let them chat to their friends, etc. 3) And other, general game development issues that i should know about, like whether I should use 2D or 3D graphics, physics in games, etc. If there's a good recommendation for a book that will help me, do share.	2009/05/22	[ "https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/899155", "https://Stackoverflow.com", "https://Stackoverflow.com/users/49153/" ]	I would look at O'Reilly Books [Killer Game Programming in Java](http://oreilly.com/catalog/9780596007300/) [Coding For Fun](http://oreilly.com/catalog/9780596520748/)	If you're looking for a gentle entry path to game development and don't mind learning C#, [XNA](http://creators.xna.com/) has an entire community built around learning how to write games. It has samples of all sorts of things -- the [Game State Management](http://creators.xna.com/en-US/samples/gamestatemanagement) sample shows a good way to implement screen transitions and loading, and there's a similar [Network Game State Management](http://creators.xna.com/en-US/sample/network_game_state_mgt_sample) sample for networking stuff. They also have entire games available as source code to download. Whether or not your long-term goals are to make a Java applet, Flash game, or you want to work in C/C++ with OpenGL, XNA is a great way to ignore all the hairy implementation details of rendering/sound/etc. That's very very helpful when you're just trying to make your first game, believe me.
899,155	I've been a web programmer for a while and I can also program in Java. I have an idea for a small, multiplayer RPG game that I want to work on. It will be played through a java applet in the user's web browser. I have written the design document and specifications of the gameplay. What I'd like to know now is how I can develop the game? I've worked only with windows-like business apps in the past, with built-in widgets for textboxes, dropdowns, etc. With game programming it seems that I would have to build my own widget/controls for the UI of the game. These are the specific questions I have in mind: 1) How to display a 'loading...' message with a progress bar while the game's images, sound, etc are being downloaded. (Using the java applet) 2) How to create the UI of the game with its own menu, controls, etc. Such as by clicking the map icon it would show up a map to them. Clicking the friends icon would let them chat to their friends, etc. 3) And other, general game development issues that i should know about, like whether I should use 2D or 3D graphics, physics in games, etc. If there's a good recommendation for a book that will help me, do share.	2009/05/22	[ "https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/899155", "https://Stackoverflow.com", "https://Stackoverflow.com/users/49153/" ]	Responding to question 3. If you are really keen to start developing games, I recommend you read this [short article by Jeff Howland](http://www.gamedev.net/reference/design/features/makegames/default.asp).	If you're looking for a gentle entry path to game development and don't mind learning C#, [XNA](http://creators.xna.com/) has an entire community built around learning how to write games. It has samples of all sorts of things -- the [Game State Management](http://creators.xna.com/en-US/samples/gamestatemanagement) sample shows a good way to implement screen transitions and loading, and there's a similar [Network Game State Management](http://creators.xna.com/en-US/sample/network_game_state_mgt_sample) sample for networking stuff. They also have entire games available as source code to download. Whether or not your long-term goals are to make a Java applet, Flash game, or you want to work in C/C++ with OpenGL, XNA is a great way to ignore all the hairy implementation details of rendering/sound/etc. That's very very helpful when you're just trying to make your first game, believe me.
899,155	I've been a web programmer for a while and I can also program in Java. I have an idea for a small, multiplayer RPG game that I want to work on. It will be played through a java applet in the user's web browser. I have written the design document and specifications of the gameplay. What I'd like to know now is how I can develop the game? I've worked only with windows-like business apps in the past, with built-in widgets for textboxes, dropdowns, etc. With game programming it seems that I would have to build my own widget/controls for the UI of the game. These are the specific questions I have in mind: 1) How to display a 'loading...' message with a progress bar while the game's images, sound, etc are being downloaded. (Using the java applet) 2) How to create the UI of the game with its own menu, controls, etc. Such as by clicking the map icon it would show up a map to them. Clicking the friends icon would let them chat to their friends, etc. 3) And other, general game development issues that i should know about, like whether I should use 2D or 3D graphics, physics in games, etc. If there's a good recommendation for a book that will help me, do share.	2009/05/22	[ "https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/899155", "https://Stackoverflow.com", "https://Stackoverflow.com/users/49153/" ]	I would look at O'Reilly Books [Killer Game Programming in Java](http://oreilly.com/catalog/9780596007300/) [Coding For Fun](http://oreilly.com/catalog/9780596520748/)	opencourseware class on [game theory and design](http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Electrical-Engineering-and-Computer-Science/6-972Spring-2005/CourseHome/index.htm). It also comes with a [reading list](http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Electrical-Engineering-and-Computer-Science/6-972Spring-2005/Readings/index.htm).
899,155	I've been a web programmer for a while and I can also program in Java. I have an idea for a small, multiplayer RPG game that I want to work on. It will be played through a java applet in the user's web browser. I have written the design document and specifications of the gameplay. What I'd like to know now is how I can develop the game? I've worked only with windows-like business apps in the past, with built-in widgets for textboxes, dropdowns, etc. With game programming it seems that I would have to build my own widget/controls for the UI of the game. These are the specific questions I have in mind: 1) How to display a 'loading...' message with a progress bar while the game's images, sound, etc are being downloaded. (Using the java applet) 2) How to create the UI of the game with its own menu, controls, etc. Such as by clicking the map icon it would show up a map to them. Clicking the friends icon would let them chat to their friends, etc. 3) And other, general game development issues that i should know about, like whether I should use 2D or 3D graphics, physics in games, etc. If there's a good recommendation for a book that will help me, do share.	2009/05/22	[ "https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/899155", "https://Stackoverflow.com", "https://Stackoverflow.com/users/49153/" ]	Responding to question 3. If you are really keen to start developing games, I recommend you read this [short article by Jeff Howland](http://www.gamedev.net/reference/design/features/makegames/default.asp).	Q1 = 1% of your time. Q2 = 40% of your time. Q3 = 59% of your time. You might as well be asking how could I write Halo3 for a web browser. Aim a little lower to start with....
164,489	I suspect being economically strong and independent aren't enough to become a super power in today world, I realised that US is slowly losing it's grip as a super power after it starts shifting focus on other research areas and staying away from making nukes. Given today technology, can a nation become a super power without having any nuclear programme? Sorry for my childish thinking but I think people would definitely listen when you can talk at over 250dB.	2019/12/30	[ "https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/164489", "https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com", "https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/8400/" ]	That is unknown ... =================== Nuclear weapons have not been used in combat for almost 75 years. Their existence has loomed over geostrategic thinking, but nuclear strategy are all untested assumptions. Once upon a time, [theorists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Kahn) wrote papers where widespread evacuation programs were seen as more significant than localized nuclear use. Others [seem](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force_de_dissuasion) to have thought roughly "any nuke is a nuke" and their very first strike would be a massive [countervalue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Countervalue) attack. I consider it quite feasible that a major non-nuclear power could come close to superpower status using trade, cultural influence, and cyber power. Would they actually be a superpower? People would argue endlessly. Consider virtual arsenals. ========================== Remember how upset the US are/were about Iraqi, Iranian or North Korean nuclear weapon programs? Well, South Korea, Japan and Germany presumably have no nuclear weapon programs, but their non-existing programs are much closer to the bomb than, say, Iran. And Japan probably could overtake North Korea in a few months, if they wanted to. They are trusted not to take that step. * They have scientists who understand nuclear weapons engineering, if only so that their national security agencies can evaluate reports of other countries' programs. They would never rely on intelligence from the P5 alone. * They have a civilian nuclear industry with plutonium stockpiles. * They have at least tactical delivery systems.	China does have nuclear weapons, but I have never heard people citing it when arguing that China is now superpower. They usually cite their GDP (PPP) or exports in $bn. If that is not sufficient, consider an non-nuclear but economically powerful country with a close ally (maybe a client state of sorts) in the same military block which has some nuclear capacity but does not qualify as superpower otherwise.
164,489	I suspect being economically strong and independent aren't enough to become a super power in today world, I realised that US is slowly losing it's grip as a super power after it starts shifting focus on other research areas and staying away from making nukes. Given today technology, can a nation become a super power without having any nuclear programme? Sorry for my childish thinking but I think people would definitely listen when you can talk at over 250dB.	2019/12/30	[ "https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/164489", "https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com", "https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/8400/" ]	That is unknown ... =================== Nuclear weapons have not been used in combat for almost 75 years. Their existence has loomed over geostrategic thinking, but nuclear strategy are all untested assumptions. Once upon a time, [theorists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Kahn) wrote papers where widespread evacuation programs were seen as more significant than localized nuclear use. Others [seem](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force_de_dissuasion) to have thought roughly "any nuke is a nuke" and their very first strike would be a massive [countervalue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Countervalue) attack. I consider it quite feasible that a major non-nuclear power could come close to superpower status using trade, cultural influence, and cyber power. Would they actually be a superpower? People would argue endlessly. Consider virtual arsenals. ========================== Remember how upset the US are/were about Iraqi, Iranian or North Korean nuclear weapon programs? Well, South Korea, Japan and Germany presumably have no nuclear weapon programs, but their non-existing programs are much closer to the bomb than, say, Iran. And Japan probably could overtake North Korea in a few months, if they wanted to. They are trusted not to take that step. * They have scientists who understand nuclear weapons engineering, if only so that their national security agencies can evaluate reports of other countries' programs. They would never rely on intelligence from the P5 alone. * They have a civilian nuclear industry with plutonium stockpiles. * They have at least tactical delivery systems.	First to achieve Lunar/Space Colony. Say a multibillionaire sets his sights on space exploration. Before the slow engines of states achieve similar success, his country could be lauded SuperPower if they get first De FACTO ownership of celestial bodies. The logistical capabilities that accomplishment grants, the information available to them. And the sheer Bragging Rights. That makes you the sole state who controls a rare commodity, akin to China holding the Lion's share of rare earths. Remember that Politics is the Art of looking the part.
164,489	I suspect being economically strong and independent aren't enough to become a super power in today world, I realised that US is slowly losing it's grip as a super power after it starts shifting focus on other research areas and staying away from making nukes. Given today technology, can a nation become a super power without having any nuclear programme? Sorry for my childish thinking but I think people would definitely listen when you can talk at over 250dB.	2019/12/30	[ "https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/164489", "https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com", "https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/8400/" ]	That is unknown ... =================== Nuclear weapons have not been used in combat for almost 75 years. Their existence has loomed over geostrategic thinking, but nuclear strategy are all untested assumptions. Once upon a time, [theorists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Kahn) wrote papers where widespread evacuation programs were seen as more significant than localized nuclear use. Others [seem](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force_de_dissuasion) to have thought roughly "any nuke is a nuke" and their very first strike would be a massive [countervalue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Countervalue) attack. I consider it quite feasible that a major non-nuclear power could come close to superpower status using trade, cultural influence, and cyber power. Would they actually be a superpower? People would argue endlessly. Consider virtual arsenals. ========================== Remember how upset the US are/were about Iraqi, Iranian or North Korean nuclear weapon programs? Well, South Korea, Japan and Germany presumably have no nuclear weapon programs, but their non-existing programs are much closer to the bomb than, say, Iran. And Japan probably could overtake North Korea in a few months, if they wanted to. They are trusted not to take that step. * They have scientists who understand nuclear weapons engineering, if only so that their national security agencies can evaluate reports of other countries' programs. They would never rely on intelligence from the P5 alone. * They have a civilian nuclear industry with plutonium stockpiles. * They have at least tactical delivery systems.	Japan might be considered a super power and they don't have nukes - by choice. Should they change their stance on nukes, they could probably develop them within one or two years. Their power is mostly through economics, technology and military Allies which are more important in todays world. Nowadays - at least in the western world - actions are taken through trade deals and trade sanctions rather than military actions. There will be interventions if a country starts an unjustified war. We saw this in the form of trade sanctions for Russia when they annexed Crimea. (I would like to point out that I'm not saying this was or was not justified, I am merely stating what happened - just in case I want to visit Russia in the future) We can see how these sanctions or embargos can devastate a country in the case of Cuba or North Korea. Although they might be less effective against large countries.
164,489	I suspect being economically strong and independent aren't enough to become a super power in today world, I realised that US is slowly losing it's grip as a super power after it starts shifting focus on other research areas and staying away from making nukes. Given today technology, can a nation become a super power without having any nuclear programme? Sorry for my childish thinking but I think people would definitely listen when you can talk at over 250dB.	2019/12/30	[ "https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/164489", "https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com", "https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/8400/" ]	That is unknown ... =================== Nuclear weapons have not been used in combat for almost 75 years. Their existence has loomed over geostrategic thinking, but nuclear strategy are all untested assumptions. Once upon a time, [theorists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Kahn) wrote papers where widespread evacuation programs were seen as more significant than localized nuclear use. Others [seem](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force_de_dissuasion) to have thought roughly "any nuke is a nuke" and their very first strike would be a massive [countervalue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Countervalue) attack. I consider it quite feasible that a major non-nuclear power could come close to superpower status using trade, cultural influence, and cyber power. Would they actually be a superpower? People would argue endlessly. Consider virtual arsenals. ========================== Remember how upset the US are/were about Iraqi, Iranian or North Korean nuclear weapon programs? Well, South Korea, Japan and Germany presumably have no nuclear weapon programs, but their non-existing programs are much closer to the bomb than, say, Iran. And Japan probably could overtake North Korea in a few months, if they wanted to. They are trusted not to take that step. * They have scientists who understand nuclear weapons engineering, if only so that their national security agencies can evaluate reports of other countries' programs. They would never rely on intelligence from the P5 alone. * They have a civilian nuclear industry with plutonium stockpiles. * They have at least tactical delivery systems.	Power Projection ---------------- There is debate within the political science community as to what defines a super power. However, a good proxy is the ability to project power. The UK was the dominant world power during the colonial era. Few people would argue this, yet they certainly didn't have nuclear weapons. The UK could, however, blockade ports, draw on a vast empire for soldiers, and support sustained conflict anywhere on the globe. China Today ----------- In fact, the lack of blue water naval power is why I would not classify current day (2020) China as a superpower. ICBMs are really the only way that China can threaten countries outside of Asia. Contrast this with the current US capabilities and Cold War Era USSR power projection - either one was able to land and support troops at far removed locations. Soft Power ---------- Economic pressure is certainly a way to project power - sanctions can hurt. But I think it is insufficient. Bottom Line ----------- Can the nation transport and sustain large bodies of soldiers to distant locations in the face of armed resistance? Nuclear weapons would only play into this definition if we posit that Mutually Assured Destruction is required to prevent the other party from using Nukes to prevent landing or sustaining those troops.
164,489	I suspect being economically strong and independent aren't enough to become a super power in today world, I realised that US is slowly losing it's grip as a super power after it starts shifting focus on other research areas and staying away from making nukes. Given today technology, can a nation become a super power without having any nuclear programme? Sorry for my childish thinking but I think people would definitely listen when you can talk at over 250dB.	2019/12/30	[ "https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/164489", "https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com", "https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/8400/" ]	First to achieve Lunar/Space Colony. Say a multibillionaire sets his sights on space exploration. Before the slow engines of states achieve similar success, his country could be lauded SuperPower if they get first De FACTO ownership of celestial bodies. The logistical capabilities that accomplishment grants, the information available to them. And the sheer Bragging Rights. That makes you the sole state who controls a rare commodity, akin to China holding the Lion's share of rare earths. Remember that Politics is the Art of looking the part.	China does have nuclear weapons, but I have never heard people citing it when arguing that China is now superpower. They usually cite their GDP (PPP) or exports in $bn. If that is not sufficient, consider an non-nuclear but economically powerful country with a close ally (maybe a client state of sorts) in the same military block which has some nuclear capacity but does not qualify as superpower otherwise.
164,489	I suspect being economically strong and independent aren't enough to become a super power in today world, I realised that US is slowly losing it's grip as a super power after it starts shifting focus on other research areas and staying away from making nukes. Given today technology, can a nation become a super power without having any nuclear programme? Sorry for my childish thinking but I think people would definitely listen when you can talk at over 250dB.	2019/12/30	[ "https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/164489", "https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com", "https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/8400/" ]	China does have nuclear weapons, but I have never heard people citing it when arguing that China is now superpower. They usually cite their GDP (PPP) or exports in $bn. If that is not sufficient, consider an non-nuclear but economically powerful country with a close ally (maybe a client state of sorts) in the same military block which has some nuclear capacity but does not qualify as superpower otherwise.	Japan might be considered a super power and they don't have nukes - by choice. Should they change their stance on nukes, they could probably develop them within one or two years. Their power is mostly through economics, technology and military Allies which are more important in todays world. Nowadays - at least in the western world - actions are taken through trade deals and trade sanctions rather than military actions. There will be interventions if a country starts an unjustified war. We saw this in the form of trade sanctions for Russia when they annexed Crimea. (I would like to point out that I'm not saying this was or was not justified, I am merely stating what happened - just in case I want to visit Russia in the future) We can see how these sanctions or embargos can devastate a country in the case of Cuba or North Korea. Although they might be less effective against large countries.
164,489	I suspect being economically strong and independent aren't enough to become a super power in today world, I realised that US is slowly losing it's grip as a super power after it starts shifting focus on other research areas and staying away from making nukes. Given today technology, can a nation become a super power without having any nuclear programme? Sorry for my childish thinking but I think people would definitely listen when you can talk at over 250dB.	2019/12/30	[ "https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/164489", "https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com", "https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/8400/" ]	China does have nuclear weapons, but I have never heard people citing it when arguing that China is now superpower. They usually cite their GDP (PPP) or exports in $bn. If that is not sufficient, consider an non-nuclear but economically powerful country with a close ally (maybe a client state of sorts) in the same military block which has some nuclear capacity but does not qualify as superpower otherwise.	Power Projection ---------------- There is debate within the political science community as to what defines a super power. However, a good proxy is the ability to project power. The UK was the dominant world power during the colonial era. Few people would argue this, yet they certainly didn't have nuclear weapons. The UK could, however, blockade ports, draw on a vast empire for soldiers, and support sustained conflict anywhere on the globe. China Today ----------- In fact, the lack of blue water naval power is why I would not classify current day (2020) China as a superpower. ICBMs are really the only way that China can threaten countries outside of Asia. Contrast this with the current US capabilities and Cold War Era USSR power projection - either one was able to land and support troops at far removed locations. Soft Power ---------- Economic pressure is certainly a way to project power - sanctions can hurt. But I think it is insufficient. Bottom Line ----------- Can the nation transport and sustain large bodies of soldiers to distant locations in the face of armed resistance? Nuclear weapons would only play into this definition if we posit that Mutually Assured Destruction is required to prevent the other party from using Nukes to prevent landing or sustaining those troops.
164,489	I suspect being economically strong and independent aren't enough to become a super power in today world, I realised that US is slowly losing it's grip as a super power after it starts shifting focus on other research areas and staying away from making nukes. Given today technology, can a nation become a super power without having any nuclear programme? Sorry for my childish thinking but I think people would definitely listen when you can talk at over 250dB.	2019/12/30	[ "https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/164489", "https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com", "https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/8400/" ]	First to achieve Lunar/Space Colony. Say a multibillionaire sets his sights on space exploration. Before the slow engines of states achieve similar success, his country could be lauded SuperPower if they get first De FACTO ownership of celestial bodies. The logistical capabilities that accomplishment grants, the information available to them. And the sheer Bragging Rights. That makes you the sole state who controls a rare commodity, akin to China holding the Lion's share of rare earths. Remember that Politics is the Art of looking the part.	Japan might be considered a super power and they don't have nukes - by choice. Should they change their stance on nukes, they could probably develop them within one or two years. Their power is mostly through economics, technology and military Allies which are more important in todays world. Nowadays - at least in the western world - actions are taken through trade deals and trade sanctions rather than military actions. There will be interventions if a country starts an unjustified war. We saw this in the form of trade sanctions for Russia when they annexed Crimea. (I would like to point out that I'm not saying this was or was not justified, I am merely stating what happened - just in case I want to visit Russia in the future) We can see how these sanctions or embargos can devastate a country in the case of Cuba or North Korea. Although they might be less effective against large countries.
164,489	I suspect being economically strong and independent aren't enough to become a super power in today world, I realised that US is slowly losing it's grip as a super power after it starts shifting focus on other research areas and staying away from making nukes. Given today technology, can a nation become a super power without having any nuclear programme? Sorry for my childish thinking but I think people would definitely listen when you can talk at over 250dB.	2019/12/30	[ "https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/164489", "https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com", "https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/8400/" ]	First to achieve Lunar/Space Colony. Say a multibillionaire sets his sights on space exploration. Before the slow engines of states achieve similar success, his country could be lauded SuperPower if they get first De FACTO ownership of celestial bodies. The logistical capabilities that accomplishment grants, the information available to them. And the sheer Bragging Rights. That makes you the sole state who controls a rare commodity, akin to China holding the Lion's share of rare earths. Remember that Politics is the Art of looking the part.	Power Projection ---------------- There is debate within the political science community as to what defines a super power. However, a good proxy is the ability to project power. The UK was the dominant world power during the colonial era. Few people would argue this, yet they certainly didn't have nuclear weapons. The UK could, however, blockade ports, draw on a vast empire for soldiers, and support sustained conflict anywhere on the globe. China Today ----------- In fact, the lack of blue water naval power is why I would not classify current day (2020) China as a superpower. ICBMs are really the only way that China can threaten countries outside of Asia. Contrast this with the current US capabilities and Cold War Era USSR power projection - either one was able to land and support troops at far removed locations. Soft Power ---------- Economic pressure is certainly a way to project power - sanctions can hurt. But I think it is insufficient. Bottom Line ----------- Can the nation transport and sustain large bodies of soldiers to distant locations in the face of armed resistance? Nuclear weapons would only play into this definition if we posit that Mutually Assured Destruction is required to prevent the other party from using Nukes to prevent landing or sustaining those troops.
63,323	When you download the Diablo 3 client there's a "playable" stage and an "optimal" completion. I'm assuming "optimal" includes stuff like higher-quality textures but I could not find any precise details about it. What are the precise differences between the "playable" and "optimal"? And if my computer is on the low-end of the system requirements anyway, is it even worth it to wait for the "optimal"?	2012/04/20	[ "https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/63323", "https://gaming.stackexchange.com", "https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/122/" ]	Much like World of Warcraft's launcher, "Playable" means the launcher has downloaded sufficient game code and initial media for you to launch the game and start playing it. Unlike "available" where you run into "loading walls" where the game client struggles to keep up with downloading media necessary for you to play, "playable" means it has downloaded enough data for you to play without hitting any "loading walls". > > Setup (Red): Core game content is being prepared. You cannot enter the game at this time. > > > Available (Yellow): Major game content is not completely applied. You can play, but your game experience will not be ideal. > > > Playable (Green): Final game content is almost complete. You may experience a few issues with playing at this stage. > > > The "Playable" includes high resolution textures and other low priority flair: > > Q. How is data assigned to each stage? > > > A. Data is assigned to each stage based on the relative need for that data. Red is required to get into the game, Yellow is data needed for baseline gameplay, and Green is for variants of base game data (higher-resolution graphics, alternate sounds, other flavor data). [[1]](http://wow.joystiq.com/2010/10/11/new-streaming-launcher-available-soon/) > > > Therefore, "optimal" means it has completed downloading all available content and will not impact your play experience with background downloads. (Information is from World of Warcraft's launcher, which uses the same technology)	For a much more in-depth answer, see Resorath's answer. Simply put, you will be able to play it during playable, but you will experience issues with graphical and possibly network quality if you choose to play [it will continue to patch as you play]. When it is in the optimal state, that means that you can play without your gameplay experience being affected too much, if at all, by the update process. The same applies to all of the games associated with the Battle.net launcher. Starcraft 2, World of Warcraft, Diablo 3 and Hearthstone all follow this update approach.
7,839	Does it have anything to do with Lelouch and what happens after R2? I need to know whether or not they continue his story or did he become immortal from his father's code?	2014/03/04	[ "https://anime.stackexchange.com/questions/7839", "https://anime.stackexchange.com", "https://anime.stackexchange.com/users/3991/" ]	In a sense, it does relate to the 2 seasons but not as a continuation of R2, Akito of the Exiled is set between the 2 seasons of Lelouch of the Rebellion during the 1 year gap, in it Britannia is putting pressure on it's EU Front. Now I haven't watched the series yet however from screenshots we see C.C in this wearing a white hood and a man who looks like Lelouch with Suzaku (having been made a Knight of the Round) going by a different name with one of his eyes covered. In episode 3 of the OVA series it's revealed that Julius Kingsley is infact a brainwashed Lelouch. The brainwashing however is somewhat unstable as "Lelouch" reappears briefly, also his Geass has yet to be sealed. > > ![Lelouch Reappeaering](https://i.stack.imgur.com/0M2Mt.jpg) > > >	NOTE: The answer is accurate at the time of posting. In it, we disregard future events, such as the producers deciding to make another season or sequel. --- The first part of your question was answered by Memor-X. "Akito the Exiled" is an intermission between the two seasons of the main show. The second part? [The canon is that Lelouch is dead the end of R2](https://anime.stackexchange.com/a/2438/2808), period. There is some speculation that he was the cart driver, that he became immortal, etc, but having [Word of God](http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/WordOfGod) that he is dead, all the rest is speculation even if they changed their minds after leaving lelouch's smiling at the cart bench in the cutting room's floor. So, 1. Yes, Akito the Exiled is in the same world as Code Geass, happens in Europe, chronologically between the two seasons of the main show. 2. No, he (Lelouch) did not inherit his father's code. 3. No, Lelouch did not survive being stabbed by Suzaku. 4. No, he (Lelouch) is not the cart driver, even though many of us wished for that. 5. No, they did not continue the main storyline after the end of R2.
1,167,903	It appears to me that Django and Pylons have different ideas on how middleware should work. I like that Pylons follows the standardized [PEP 333](http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0333/), but Django seems to have more widespread adoption. Is it possible to write middleware to be used in both? The project that involves said middleware is porting a security toolkit called ESAPI from Java to Python. Because Java is so standards oriented, it is pretty easy to be framework agnostic. In Python, different frameworks have different ideas on how basic things like HttpRequest objects and middleware work, so this seems more difficult. Apparently, new users cannot post more than one hyperlink. See below for links to Django and Pylons middleware info.	2009/07/22	[ "https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1167903", "https://Stackoverflow.com", "https://Stackoverflow.com/users/128841/" ]	Pylons uses standard WSGI middleware. If you deploy Django via WSGI, you can also use WSGI middleware at that point. You can't, however, currently use WSGI middleware via the standard Django MIDDLEWARE\_CLASSES option in settings.py. That said, there is currently a Google Summer of Code project to enable the use of WSGI middleware in Django itself. I haven't been following the status of this project, but the code is available in the [Http WSGI improvements branch](http://code.djangoproject.com/browser/django/branches/soc2009/http-wsgi-improvements).	For Pylons the term middleware means WSGI ([PEP 333](http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0333/)) middleware, whereas Django means its own internal mechanism for middleware. However, if you run Django under apache+[mod\_wsgi](http://code.google.com/p/modwsgi/) (instead of e.g. mod\_python or lighttpd+flup) you can also include WSGI middleware in Django. This isn't typically done though because much of the functionality you'll find in WSGI middleware is already built-in to Django proper or Django middleware. The differences between WSGI and Django middleware are small enough that it should be easy enough to convert code between the two. The tougher problem is when they use external libraries like ORM's. The [WSGI Wiki](http://www.wsgi.org/wsgi/WsgiStart) has a good list of [WSGI middleware](http://www.wsgi.org/wsgi/Middleware_and_Utilities).
252,486	In his book Mother Tongue Bill Bryson discusses the Revd. William Spooner, who gave his name to Spoonerisms. He comments saying 'What is certain is that Spooner suffered from a kind of *metaphasis of thought, if not also of word'. The OED has never heard of metaphasis, and Google/Wikipedia don't recognise it at all. Is it possible that Bryson is himself guilty of something like a Spoonerism* or Malapropism himself?	2015/06/14	[ "https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/252486", "https://english.stackexchange.com", "https://english.stackexchange.com/users/53966/" ]	Wiktionary shows its usage from 1953, probably from the term used in biology as an alternative form of *metaphysis. [Metaphasis](https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/metaphasis) (uncountable): > > The accidental transposition of part of the sounds of two words in a phrase; The production of spoonerisms.* > > > * 1953, Sir Ernest Barker, Age and Youth: Memories of Three Universities ; And, Father of the Man, page 46: > 'Oxford's great metaphasiarch', as Punch once called him, *was seldom guilty of metaphasis,* or the transposition of sounds. What he transposed was ideas. > * 1979, Gore Vidal, Kalki, ISBN 0345278739, page 31: > *Dr. Ashok suffered from a mild form of metaphasis. He made Spoonerisms.* > * 1986 October 23, Adrian Room, “Letters”, London Review of Books: > But couldn’t it be that there is a distinction to be made between ‘metaphasis’ and ‘metathesis’? The OED defines the latter as ‘the interchange of position between sounds or letters in a word’ (my italics). An example would be Old English bridd becoming modern bird. *This leaves ‘metaphasis’ free to describe what Spooner did: transpose sounds between different words, like his classic ‘our queer Dean’.* > * 2009, Denise Sutherland, Word Searches For Dummies, ISBN 0470453664, page 76: > *The technical term for this transposition is metaphasis.* > > > *[Ngram](https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=metaphasis&year_start=1900&year_end=2000&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2Cmetaphasis%3B%2Cc0): metaphasis*. The term appears in Ngram from the 50s mainly in biological but also literary contexts.	metaphasis n. Transposing sounds or letters in a word or phrase. It seems that the first recorded instance of this word was nearly 30 years ago. > > The accidental transposition of part of the sounds of two words is > technically metaphasis, but for more than 100 years it has been hung > around the neck of an otherwise obscure classics don. —“In praise of… > Dr Spooner,” The Guardian, December 13, 2010 > > > 1986 (earliest) SIR: Patrick Hughes is right (LRB, 24 July): > ‘metaphasis’ is not in the OED. In fact, as far as I can see, it is > not in any dictionary. But couldn’t it be that there is a distinction > to be made between ‘metaphasis’ and ‘metathesis’? The OED defines the > latter as ‘the interchange of position between sounds or letters in a > word’ (my italics). An example would be Old English bridd becoming > modern bird. This leaves ‘metaphasis’ free to describe what Spooner > did: transpose sounds between different words, like his classic ‘our > queer Dean’. —Adrian Room, “Letters,” London Review of Books, October > 23, 1986 - > > > [both quotes from Word Spy](http://wordspy.com/index.php?word=metaphasis)
8,533	I'm searching for something that works like Twitter but for a closed group of users. I also want a SaaS offering, nt some software (e.g. status.net) which we have to install ourselfs. I'm aware of * present.ly - but they seem not to support any "payed" accounts (you get what you pay for) * yammer.com - seem to have questionable business ethics regarding data ownership etc. I thought there would be hundreds of other similar services but so far i found nothing. Any Suggestions/Experiences?	2010/10/23	[ "https://webapps.stackexchange.com/questions/8533", "https://webapps.stackexchange.com", "https://webapps.stackexchange.com/users/6101/" ]	I've been searching for this for a couple of days, and found status.net the best solution so far. You mentioned it in your question, have you checked their hosted solutions? E.G. <http://mozilla.status.net/>	I would suggest you use a P2 Theme in wordpress Neat and elegant
8,533	I'm searching for something that works like Twitter but for a closed group of users. I also want a SaaS offering, nt some software (e.g. status.net) which we have to install ourselfs. I'm aware of * present.ly - but they seem not to support any "payed" accounts (you get what you pay for) * yammer.com - seem to have questionable business ethics regarding data ownership etc. I thought there would be hundreds of other similar services but so far i found nothing. Any Suggestions/Experiences?	2010/10/23	[ "https://webapps.stackexchange.com/questions/8533", "https://webapps.stackexchange.com", "https://webapps.stackexchange.com/users/6101/" ]	Status.net does seem to provide a [hosted service](http://status.net/enterprise-network).	I would suggest you use a P2 Theme in wordpress Neat and elegant
8,533	I'm searching for something that works like Twitter but for a closed group of users. I also want a SaaS offering, nt some software (e.g. status.net) which we have to install ourselfs. I'm aware of * present.ly - but they seem not to support any "payed" accounts (you get what you pay for) * yammer.com - seem to have questionable business ethics regarding data ownership etc. I thought there would be hundreds of other similar services but so far i found nothing. Any Suggestions/Experiences?	2010/10/23	[ "https://webapps.stackexchange.com/questions/8533", "https://webapps.stackexchange.com", "https://webapps.stackexchange.com/users/6101/" ]	I've been searching for this for a couple of days, and found status.net the best solution so far. You mentioned it in your question, have you checked their hosted solutions? E.G. <http://mozilla.status.net/>	Status.net does seem to provide a [hosted service](http://status.net/enterprise-network).
8,533	I'm searching for something that works like Twitter but for a closed group of users. I also want a SaaS offering, nt some software (e.g. status.net) which we have to install ourselfs. I'm aware of * present.ly - but they seem not to support any "payed" accounts (you get what you pay for) * yammer.com - seem to have questionable business ethics regarding data ownership etc. I thought there would be hundreds of other similar services but so far i found nothing. Any Suggestions/Experiences?	2010/10/23	[ "https://webapps.stackexchange.com/questions/8533", "https://webapps.stackexchange.com", "https://webapps.stackexchange.com/users/6101/" ]	I've been searching for this for a couple of days, and found status.net the best solution so far. You mentioned it in your question, have you checked their hosted solutions? E.G. <http://mozilla.status.net/>	[SocialCast](http://www.socialcast.com) is another solution that has a free tier as well as paid hosted, and paid behind the firewall version. I've tried the free versions of SocialCast and Yammer. I preferred Yammer, but not for any real good reason, just personal preference.
8,533	I'm searching for something that works like Twitter but for a closed group of users. I also want a SaaS offering, nt some software (e.g. status.net) which we have to install ourselfs. I'm aware of * present.ly - but they seem not to support any "payed" accounts (you get what you pay for) * yammer.com - seem to have questionable business ethics regarding data ownership etc. I thought there would be hundreds of other similar services but so far i found nothing. Any Suggestions/Experiences?	2010/10/23	[ "https://webapps.stackexchange.com/questions/8533", "https://webapps.stackexchange.com", "https://webapps.stackexchange.com/users/6101/" ]	Status.net does seem to provide a [hosted service](http://status.net/enterprise-network).	[SocialCast](http://www.socialcast.com) is another solution that has a free tier as well as paid hosted, and paid behind the firewall version. I've tried the free versions of SocialCast and Yammer. I preferred Yammer, but not for any real good reason, just personal preference.
265,417	We will be installing a single under mount sink with garbage disposal. Converting from the current double basin sink. I'd like to tackle this project if possible. My idea was to cap the right existing side, shorten the pipe coming out of the disposal and move that to the middle, where the new sink hole will be. I am also planning on purchasing new garbage disposal, but that should not affect anything. Hoping everything will align. Does anyone see an issue with this approach ? Attaching the existing photo and also marked up photo of what I'm proposing to do. [![enter image description here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/K0nao.jpg)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/K0nao.jpg) [![enter image description here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/42FSS.jpg)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/42FSS.jpg)	2023/01/24	[ "https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/265417", "https://diy.stackexchange.com", "https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/162022/" ]	[![enter image description here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/TQ4rb.jpg)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/TQ4rb.jpg) Your dishwasher will connect to the port on your disposal unit (green arrow) and the drainpipe/crosspiece from the double sink (marked with red "x") will be discarded. The tailpiece from the disposal ("A") will be replaced with one that has a 90-degree bend. (This piece will likely be included with the new disposal or could be purchased separately.) This piece will connect directly to the drain trap. The part that might be tricky is getting the disposal tailpiece to line up with the trap. More accurately, you'll need to get the trap over to where the disposal tailpiece is. To do this you will need to rotate the trap and or disposal to make things line up. This might require adjusting the trap extension at "C" or, in an extreme case, modifying the plumbing at "B" to bring the trap assembly closer to the disposal, but without measurements, etc. I can't tell from the photo. What you're looking for is something more like this: [![enter image description here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/R5xCC.png)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/R5xCC.png) (This is the best I could find to steal... Notice the exit from the disposal connected directly to the trap and the dishwasher drain connection to the disposal.)	Don't cap. Don't cut. Remove everything before the trap. The new disposal will come with an L-shaped tail piece that comes out then down. The new disposal and the existing trap can both be rotated. Use the new tail piece and rotate them both. I'm pretty sure they will align. If not, try shortening (cutting) the 90 degree bend coming OUT of the trap, or else get a tail piece extender. [![enter image description here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/MTurm.png)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/MTurm.png) That AAV should be higher. Ideally higher than the highest water level in the sink. But lacking that, at least higher than the drain. You have to hope the new disposal's exit is no higher than the existing one. If it is, you'll have to raise the AAV. That's glued in so you'll need to cut it all out and do the whole thing from scratch.
265,417	We will be installing a single under mount sink with garbage disposal. Converting from the current double basin sink. I'd like to tackle this project if possible. My idea was to cap the right existing side, shorten the pipe coming out of the disposal and move that to the middle, where the new sink hole will be. I am also planning on purchasing new garbage disposal, but that should not affect anything. Hoping everything will align. Does anyone see an issue with this approach ? Attaching the existing photo and also marked up photo of what I'm proposing to do. [![enter image description here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/K0nao.jpg)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/K0nao.jpg) [![enter image description here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/42FSS.jpg)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/42FSS.jpg)	2023/01/24	[ "https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/265417", "https://diy.stackexchange.com", "https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/162022/" ]	Don't cap. Don't cut. Remove everything before the trap. The new disposal will come with an L-shaped tail piece that comes out then down. The new disposal and the existing trap can both be rotated. Use the new tail piece and rotate them both. I'm pretty sure they will align. If not, try shortening (cutting) the 90 degree bend coming OUT of the trap, or else get a tail piece extender. [![enter image description here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/MTurm.png)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/MTurm.png) That AAV should be higher. Ideally higher than the highest water level in the sink. But lacking that, at least higher than the drain. You have to hope the new disposal's exit is no higher than the existing one. If it is, you'll have to raise the AAV. That's glued in so you'll need to cut it all out and do the whole thing from scratch.	Looks like this is what you have, and what you need. [![enter image description here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/X7MCE.png)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/X7MCE.png) Don't forget that the disposal can be rotated 360º! And don't forget to remove the knockout from the disposal's dishwasher hookup!
265,417	We will be installing a single under mount sink with garbage disposal. Converting from the current double basin sink. I'd like to tackle this project if possible. My idea was to cap the right existing side, shorten the pipe coming out of the disposal and move that to the middle, where the new sink hole will be. I am also planning on purchasing new garbage disposal, but that should not affect anything. Hoping everything will align. Does anyone see an issue with this approach ? Attaching the existing photo and also marked up photo of what I'm proposing to do. [![enter image description here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/K0nao.jpg)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/K0nao.jpg) [![enter image description here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/42FSS.jpg)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/42FSS.jpg)	2023/01/24	[ "https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/265417", "https://diy.stackexchange.com", "https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/162022/" ]	[![enter image description here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/TQ4rb.jpg)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/TQ4rb.jpg) Your dishwasher will connect to the port on your disposal unit (green arrow) and the drainpipe/crosspiece from the double sink (marked with red "x") will be discarded. The tailpiece from the disposal ("A") will be replaced with one that has a 90-degree bend. (This piece will likely be included with the new disposal or could be purchased separately.) This piece will connect directly to the drain trap. The part that might be tricky is getting the disposal tailpiece to line up with the trap. More accurately, you'll need to get the trap over to where the disposal tailpiece is. To do this you will need to rotate the trap and or disposal to make things line up. This might require adjusting the trap extension at "C" or, in an extreme case, modifying the plumbing at "B" to bring the trap assembly closer to the disposal, but without measurements, etc. I can't tell from the photo. What you're looking for is something more like this: [![enter image description here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/R5xCC.png)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/R5xCC.png) (This is the best I could find to steal... Notice the exit from the disposal connected directly to the trap and the dishwasher drain connection to the disposal.)	Looks like this is what you have, and what you need. [![enter image description here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/X7MCE.png)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/X7MCE.png) Don't forget that the disposal can be rotated 360º! And don't forget to remove the knockout from the disposal's dishwasher hookup!
78,375	While playing a character with a spellshield (Nocturne or Sivir) do you need to shield the bomb's placement or the bomb's explosion?	2012/07/25	[ "https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/78375", "https://gaming.stackexchange.com", "https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/3015/" ]	Spell sheilds do not stop the actual explosion, however Zilean can't place a bomb on you if you have your spell sheild on.	As already said, every spellshield (nocs, Sivirs) shields the PLACEMENT, and so does banshees. The only things that shield the explosion/the dmg are Morgs Black Shield and Hexdrinkers Shield.
60,904	How can I open a cmd window in a specific location without having to navigate all the way to the directory I want?	2008/09/13	[ "https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/60904", "https://Stackoverflow.com", "https://Stackoverflow.com/users/44972/" ]	In Windows 8, you can click the address bar and type "cmd" (without quotes) and hit enter. This will open the cmd window in the current path.	If you use Total Commander there is a field in the bottom for this. It shows the active directory you are currently in and will run the entered command in that directory. ![Total Commander command line](https://i.stack.imgur.com/naGaS.png)
60,904	How can I open a cmd window in a specific location without having to navigate all the way to the directory I want?	2008/09/13	[ "https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/60904", "https://Stackoverflow.com", "https://Stackoverflow.com/users/44972/" ]	From Windows 7 up to some versions of Windows 10, it is very simple to open a command prompt anywhere you wish, without navigation using command "cd". Try the following one. Click the mouse's right button by holding `Shift` key . ![Sample](https://i.stack.imgur.com/VxAHr.png) It will produce an option like this. Then simply select the "Open command window here " option. The latest versions of Windows 10 have replaced this feature with "Open Powershell here".	This answer is for windows 10. Create a command prompt shortcut in the folder wherever you want, then right click on that shortcut [![type your target in start in field](https://i.stack.imgur.com/1bcj5.png)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/1bcj5.png) and [![Here you go](https://i.stack.imgur.com/wKNKx.png)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/wKNKx.png)
60,904	How can I open a cmd window in a specific location without having to navigate all the way to the directory I want?	2008/09/13	[ "https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/60904", "https://Stackoverflow.com", "https://Stackoverflow.com/users/44972/" ]	Try out [this "PowerToy" from Microsoft](http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=211471): > > Open Command Window Here > > > This PowerToy adds an "Open Command > Window Here" context menu option on > file system folders, giving you a > quick way to open a command window > (cmd.exe) pointing at the selected > folder. > > > EDIT : This software will not work on any version of Windows apart from Windows XP. [![enter image description here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/sdXWW.png)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/sdXWW.png)	This program always opens cmd.exe in the current path of your Explorer: <https://github.com/jhasse/smart_cmd> You can also pin it to your taskbar and then use WindowsKey+[1-0] as a keyboard shortcut.
6,517	I really like my alcoholic beverages cold. But I do know most whiskeys should be served in room temperature. Although adding ice is an option, I do not prefer this method because when ice melts, the whiskey is mixed with water. Using [whiskey stones](http://www.thinkgeek.com/images/products/zoom/ba37_whiskey_stones2.jpg) is good for drinking at home, but I cannot carry my stones around (for instance in a bar). So, what type of whiskey is served chilly so I can order that one when I go to a bar?	2017/02/11	[ "https://beer.stackexchange.com/questions/6517", "https://beer.stackexchange.com", "https://beer.stackexchange.com/users/6386/" ]	One whiskey that I know of is the [Snow Grouse](https://www.drinkfinder.co.uk/the-snow-grouse-blended-grain-whisky-40-70cl.html) it is a blended grain whiskey that as by the name is supposed to be drank cold. Some would even say that this whiskey is better straight from the freezer [![Snow grouse bottle](https://i.stack.imgur.com/cAn5n.jpg)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/cAn5n.jpg)	Flavored Whiskey is often kept in the freezer/ fridge: Fireball (cinnamon whiskey), although weaker than most whiskey and far sweeter is consistently kept cold. American Honey (Honey flavored Whiskey) is smooth and sweet but has more of a whiskey kick that Fireball. There are several other kinds of flavored whiskey and many are kept refrigerated, but the above two are the most common. For non-flavored the only whiskey I've seen kept on ice, although not consistently, is Yukon Jack.
6,517	I really like my alcoholic beverages cold. But I do know most whiskeys should be served in room temperature. Although adding ice is an option, I do not prefer this method because when ice melts, the whiskey is mixed with water. Using [whiskey stones](http://www.thinkgeek.com/images/products/zoom/ba37_whiskey_stones2.jpg) is good for drinking at home, but I cannot carry my stones around (for instance in a bar). So, what type of whiskey is served chilly so I can order that one when I go to a bar?	2017/02/11	[ "https://beer.stackexchange.com/questions/6517", "https://beer.stackexchange.com", "https://beer.stackexchange.com/users/6386/" ]	One whiskey that I know of is the [Snow Grouse](https://www.drinkfinder.co.uk/the-snow-grouse-blended-grain-whisky-40-70cl.html) it is a blended grain whiskey that as by the name is supposed to be drank cold. Some would even say that this whiskey is better straight from the freezer [![Snow grouse bottle](https://i.stack.imgur.com/cAn5n.jpg)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/cAn5n.jpg)	I know of three at the moment. The Snow Grouse was already mentioned and is supposed to be served straight from the freezer. Dalwhinnie Winter's Gold is another one. And very recently, Johnny Walker launched the White Walker (base on the Game of Thrones show). A couple of remarks. The Dalwhinnie expression is the only single malt among the named three. The others are blends of malt and other grains. Any "other" whisky, I personally, would never drink chilled. Neither chilled with ice nor with stones. To explain why, just a little background. Some whisky's are "unchillfiltered" or "non chill filtered". If so, it says so on the bottle. These whisky's still contain lots of essential oils. Chilling them will cause these oils to coagulate and form a hazy draft in your dram. Not what I want. With this in mind, using ice is bad because it will water down your drink on top of chilling it. Using stones is almost equally bad, because though your drink will not be diluted, it will still turn for the ugly. So I would keep drinking whisky at room temp, and if you don't appreciate it now, you'll learn... If you still want a cold one, take one of the three mentioned, as they were purposely invented to this end. Nick, board member of Angel's Share whisky club, Izegem, Belgium
6,517	I really like my alcoholic beverages cold. But I do know most whiskeys should be served in room temperature. Although adding ice is an option, I do not prefer this method because when ice melts, the whiskey is mixed with water. Using [whiskey stones](http://www.thinkgeek.com/images/products/zoom/ba37_whiskey_stones2.jpg) is good for drinking at home, but I cannot carry my stones around (for instance in a bar). So, what type of whiskey is served chilly so I can order that one when I go to a bar?	2017/02/11	[ "https://beer.stackexchange.com/questions/6517", "https://beer.stackexchange.com", "https://beer.stackexchange.com/users/6386/" ]	One whiskey that I know of is the [Snow Grouse](https://www.drinkfinder.co.uk/the-snow-grouse-blended-grain-whisky-40-70cl.html) it is a blended grain whiskey that as by the name is supposed to be drank cold. Some would even say that this whiskey is better straight from the freezer [![Snow grouse bottle](https://i.stack.imgur.com/cAn5n.jpg)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/cAn5n.jpg)	I’ve noticed that Jack Daniels -stocked at every bar- is typically served on ice (“chilly”), especially when mixed with coke.
6,517	I really like my alcoholic beverages cold. But I do know most whiskeys should be served in room temperature. Although adding ice is an option, I do not prefer this method because when ice melts, the whiskey is mixed with water. Using [whiskey stones](http://www.thinkgeek.com/images/products/zoom/ba37_whiskey_stones2.jpg) is good for drinking at home, but I cannot carry my stones around (for instance in a bar). So, what type of whiskey is served chilly so I can order that one when I go to a bar?	2017/02/11	[ "https://beer.stackexchange.com/questions/6517", "https://beer.stackexchange.com", "https://beer.stackexchange.com/users/6386/" ]	Flavored Whiskey is often kept in the freezer/ fridge: Fireball (cinnamon whiskey), although weaker than most whiskey and far sweeter is consistently kept cold. American Honey (Honey flavored Whiskey) is smooth and sweet but has more of a whiskey kick that Fireball. There are several other kinds of flavored whiskey and many are kept refrigerated, but the above two are the most common. For non-flavored the only whiskey I've seen kept on ice, although not consistently, is Yukon Jack.	I’ve noticed that Jack Daniels -stocked at every bar- is typically served on ice (“chilly”), especially when mixed with coke.
6,517	I really like my alcoholic beverages cold. But I do know most whiskeys should be served in room temperature. Although adding ice is an option, I do not prefer this method because when ice melts, the whiskey is mixed with water. Using [whiskey stones](http://www.thinkgeek.com/images/products/zoom/ba37_whiskey_stones2.jpg) is good for drinking at home, but I cannot carry my stones around (for instance in a bar). So, what type of whiskey is served chilly so I can order that one when I go to a bar?	2017/02/11	[ "https://beer.stackexchange.com/questions/6517", "https://beer.stackexchange.com", "https://beer.stackexchange.com/users/6386/" ]	I know of three at the moment. The Snow Grouse was already mentioned and is supposed to be served straight from the freezer. Dalwhinnie Winter's Gold is another one. And very recently, Johnny Walker launched the White Walker (base on the Game of Thrones show). A couple of remarks. The Dalwhinnie expression is the only single malt among the named three. The others are blends of malt and other grains. Any "other" whisky, I personally, would never drink chilled. Neither chilled with ice nor with stones. To explain why, just a little background. Some whisky's are "unchillfiltered" or "non chill filtered". If so, it says so on the bottle. These whisky's still contain lots of essential oils. Chilling them will cause these oils to coagulate and form a hazy draft in your dram. Not what I want. With this in mind, using ice is bad because it will water down your drink on top of chilling it. Using stones is almost equally bad, because though your drink will not be diluted, it will still turn for the ugly. So I would keep drinking whisky at room temp, and if you don't appreciate it now, you'll learn... If you still want a cold one, take one of the three mentioned, as they were purposely invented to this end. Nick, board member of Angel's Share whisky club, Izegem, Belgium	I’ve noticed that Jack Daniels -stocked at every bar- is typically served on ice (“chilly”), especially when mixed with coke.
8,021	I have a Canon SX210 IS, which doesn't have the possibility to plug-in a external power source. Because of that, I want to make a connection to the pins where the battery usually is. I'm a little confused about the voltage requirement because the battery says 3.7V and the base of the camera says 4.2V. Since I have a car battery and a 7805 voltage regulator I thought I could power the camera directly with the 5V the regulator would give me. But I don't know if it's safe to do that. You may ask why would I want to power the camera with 5V instead of using 4.3 from a DC regulator. Well, I'm outside the city right now so there is no way to get a DC power supply like that. (don't ask where I took the 7805 from). I've found out that my helicopter charger has a voltage of 4.2V and a maximum current of 850 mA, but it's a typical switched power supply (like the cell phone ones). Is it dangerous to feed my camera with that? What about a little paralell capacitor to filter noises?	2011/02/01	[ "https://photo.stackexchange.com/questions/8021", "https://photo.stackexchange.com", "https://photo.stackexchange.com/users/1641/" ]	I looked up an SX210 manual online, and it says that there is an external power port. Look at page 156 of your user's manual; the online guide I found recommended the ACK-DC30 kit. You plug a coupler (which has the same form factor as a battery) into the battery bay, and plug the AC cord into a slot in the battery door. The ACK-DC30 is $50 on amazon; you can probably get an off-brand version for less, too.	I wouldn't recommend doing this. You have no idea whether the 4.3v marking on the camera is some engineer being conservative (in which case the camera can probably take something a bit higher... maybe), or that there's a component in there that's gonna fry as soon as anything over 4.3v hits it. Seriously, don't take chances unless you don't really care if the camera gets fried. If you can't afford to lose it then it's way better to be right than to be fast before you connect anything up. The correct regulator is going to cost much less than buying a new camera 'cause you fried it...
32,394,597	I know I want to build a RESTful api and use Angular on client side. I am choosing between server technologies. Apache Tomcat can do RESTful web services and could do for years now. I was wondering if Axis2 is meant to be replacement for Tomcat. Also I have been encouraged to incorporate WSO2 middleware which uses Axis2. Ideally I'd like to use REST on Axis2 and then WSO2 middleware. What is the relationship between Apache Tomcat and Apache Axis2 in the context of RESTful API and WSO2? Does Axis2 run within Tomcat?	2015/09/04	[ "https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/32394597", "https://Stackoverflow.com", "https://Stackoverflow.com/users/3607273/" ]	Apache tomcat is an application server whereas Axis 2 is a Web Services engine. So no, Axis2 is not meant to be replacement for Tomcat. An application built with Axis2 can be deployed on Tomcat or any other compatible Application Server(AS). So yes, Axis 2 can run within Tomcat. WSO2 is irrelevant to your question. Middleware includes Web servers, application servers, content management systems, and similar tools that support application development and delivery.	For a quick description Apache Tomcat is a web server and more precisely a servlet container that allows you to handle HTTP resquest inside servlet. Apache Axis 2 is a librairy that can handle web services (SOAP and RESTFull), it can run on a server such as Tomcat.
32,394,597	I know I want to build a RESTful api and use Angular on client side. I am choosing between server technologies. Apache Tomcat can do RESTful web services and could do for years now. I was wondering if Axis2 is meant to be replacement for Tomcat. Also I have been encouraged to incorporate WSO2 middleware which uses Axis2. Ideally I'd like to use REST on Axis2 and then WSO2 middleware. What is the relationship between Apache Tomcat and Apache Axis2 in the context of RESTful API and WSO2? Does Axis2 run within Tomcat?	2015/09/04	[ "https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/32394597", "https://Stackoverflow.com", "https://Stackoverflow.com/users/3607273/" ]	Apache tomcat is an application server whereas Axis 2 is a Web Services engine. So no, Axis2 is not meant to be replacement for Tomcat. An application built with Axis2 can be deployed on Tomcat or any other compatible Application Server(AS). So yes, Axis 2 can run within Tomcat. WSO2 is irrelevant to your question. Middleware includes Web servers, application servers, content management systems, and similar tools that support application development and delivery.	For REST API you can use WSO2 ESB or WSO2 API Management...also if you want to build a restful service you can create a webapp with JAX-RS and deploy it in WSO2 Application Server. As WSO2 Application server use Apache Tomcat you don´t require an Apache Tomcat Server.
517	My toddler doesn't like to get his teeth brushed. How do I get him to be more cooperative? He knows it's part of the bedtime routine and doesn't try to avoid it. He will happily grab and hold out his toothbrush for us to put toothpaste on it, and then he enjoys sucking and chewing it. When he's done that for a short while, we decide it's necessary to do it properly, and that often ends in me holding him while my wife brushing his teeth, while we explain what we're doing and why. It only takes 20 seconds, but it's always accompanied by screaming and squirming. I'd like to find a way to avoid this. As soon as we're done, everything is fine again. Clarification and update: At this age, we don't expect him to be able to brush his teeth on his own. What I meant was that he didn't allow us to do it for him either. In the meantime, four months have passed since I asked this, and he's developed a lot. Now he gladly lets us brush his teeth carefully and cheerfully. Update 2: Another 6 months have passed, and he's still not enjoying the experience. He understands that it has to be done, and he sees us do it too. Sometimes he'll happily let us brush his teeth, other times it's a struggle. We are using several suggestions from the answers below -- we sing, we distract, we talk about "dirty teeth" and brushing the "dirty sugar" away, we let him brush on his own for a while and then take over, he can see himself in the mirror, etc. All of this helps, but one factor certainly is that he's tired, and that's natural because brushing teeth is part of the bedtime routine.	2011/04/05	[ "https://parenting.stackexchange.com/questions/517", "https://parenting.stackexchange.com", "https://parenting.stackexchange.com/users/109/" ]	There are two most likely scenarios here: Your child may have oral-sensory issues. I mention this possibility first not because it's more likely (it's not) than the latter, but because you want to be at least reasonably sure that it is not the case before you push the issue. Children with moderate-to-severe oral sensory issues tend (in my experience) to develop phobias around oral care or trying new foods when these things are forced on them repeatedly without deference to the disorder. Oral-sensory issues of various types are not uncommon in young children, especially children who also have autism-spectrum disorders, speech problems, or other sensory problems. Children with oral-sensory problems may experience overwhelming or confusing sensations from temperatures or textures they encounter orally (sometimes to the point of causing mindless panic). If your child is also a very picky eater, and reacts particularly strongly against foods with mixed textures (for example, something that is both grainy and goopy), he may have an oral-sensory problem of some kind. The usual advice is to see a pediatrician about this, but in my experience an SLP (Speech-Language Pathologist) is usually more helpful, because the problem co-occurs with so many speech disorders that they deal with it more often than a typical pediatrician. If you are lucky enough to find one, there are dentists who specialize in helping children with oral-sensory issues care for their teeth. Your child may simply not be accustomed to brushing properly. Brushing takes some getting used to -- it's a funny feeling, and may even be painful if not done regularly, because the gums aren't accustomed to it. Add to that the harsh scratchiness of chewed-up toothbrush bristles, and it's a recipe for an unpleasant experience. Here's what I'd recommend to try to fix things: 1. Buy a new, soft, child-sized toothbrush (go for a character, lights, or some other novelty if it helps your child get interested). Introduce it as his "big boy toothbrush" and DO NOT permit chewing on it. 2. Introduce the sensation of brushing in small spurts. Be extra gentle, and take it slow. You can increase to normal pressure and duration when he is more accustomed to the feeling. Find ways to make a game of it if you can, like taking turns (he brushes a little, then you brush), or brushing together to see who can brush the longest. Let him win after about a minute and a half (length of brushing my dentist recommended for young children). 3. Be consistent. Letting it go for a while, then trying again only adds to his resistance. A consistent routine, morning and night, will help you build momentum and make real brushing the rule rather than an exception. 4. Model good brushing -- brush with your child, and let him see that it's not a bad thing. :)	I try to use distraction techniques. My son tends not to mind the brushing if I occupy his attention with something else. At first I used [short videos](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zl8pxaxxReo), but for a very long time now I've made up a story on the spot after asking him for a "topic." If I'm not feeling particularly creative, I'll try to recount our day or talk to him about some upcoming event he's excited about.
517	My toddler doesn't like to get his teeth brushed. How do I get him to be more cooperative? He knows it's part of the bedtime routine and doesn't try to avoid it. He will happily grab and hold out his toothbrush for us to put toothpaste on it, and then he enjoys sucking and chewing it. When he's done that for a short while, we decide it's necessary to do it properly, and that often ends in me holding him while my wife brushing his teeth, while we explain what we're doing and why. It only takes 20 seconds, but it's always accompanied by screaming and squirming. I'd like to find a way to avoid this. As soon as we're done, everything is fine again. Clarification and update: At this age, we don't expect him to be able to brush his teeth on his own. What I meant was that he didn't allow us to do it for him either. In the meantime, four months have passed since I asked this, and he's developed a lot. Now he gladly lets us brush his teeth carefully and cheerfully. Update 2: Another 6 months have passed, and he's still not enjoying the experience. He understands that it has to be done, and he sees us do it too. Sometimes he'll happily let us brush his teeth, other times it's a struggle. We are using several suggestions from the answers below -- we sing, we distract, we talk about "dirty teeth" and brushing the "dirty sugar" away, we let him brush on his own for a while and then take over, he can see himself in the mirror, etc. All of this helps, but one factor certainly is that he's tired, and that's natural because brushing teeth is part of the bedtime routine.	2011/04/05	[ "https://parenting.stackexchange.com/questions/517", "https://parenting.stackexchange.com", "https://parenting.stackexchange.com/users/109/" ]	Sometimes some strange trick will work. Our son started to accept his teeth being brushed when he got to hold a hand mirror and watch it from there. He sometimes still asks for the mirror though he's mostly forgotten about it, but lets brush her teeth normally.	How old is your kid? You could find some amazing toothbrushing songs featuring cartoons on youtube. Let him see those songs, hopefully, he will start to brush himslef!
517	My toddler doesn't like to get his teeth brushed. How do I get him to be more cooperative? He knows it's part of the bedtime routine and doesn't try to avoid it. He will happily grab and hold out his toothbrush for us to put toothpaste on it, and then he enjoys sucking and chewing it. When he's done that for a short while, we decide it's necessary to do it properly, and that often ends in me holding him while my wife brushing his teeth, while we explain what we're doing and why. It only takes 20 seconds, but it's always accompanied by screaming and squirming. I'd like to find a way to avoid this. As soon as we're done, everything is fine again. Clarification and update: At this age, we don't expect him to be able to brush his teeth on his own. What I meant was that he didn't allow us to do it for him either. In the meantime, four months have passed since I asked this, and he's developed a lot. Now he gladly lets us brush his teeth carefully and cheerfully. Update 2: Another 6 months have passed, and he's still not enjoying the experience. He understands that it has to be done, and he sees us do it too. Sometimes he'll happily let us brush his teeth, other times it's a struggle. We are using several suggestions from the answers below -- we sing, we distract, we talk about "dirty teeth" and brushing the "dirty sugar" away, we let him brush on his own for a while and then take over, he can see himself in the mirror, etc. All of this helps, but one factor certainly is that he's tired, and that's natural because brushing teeth is part of the bedtime routine.	2011/04/05	[ "https://parenting.stackexchange.com/questions/517", "https://parenting.stackexchange.com", "https://parenting.stackexchange.com/users/109/" ]	Having your teeth brushed by someone else isn't nice. It's invasive. Realizing that much is a good start. The right brushes, being aware of when and where your child is teething and gentleness all help, but it's unlikely to ever be an entirely enjoyable process. The usual combination of patience, consistency and self control comes into play too. Getting around this normally boils down to finding some way "make it fun" - in some way that capture's your child's imagination. For us, we had a few different soft toys who would "brush" my daughter's teeth, and she would choose a different one each night.	I have three children and each was a different experience in getting them to consistently brush their teeth. My oldest is 11 and unfortunately we were not very consistent with her as a youngster. She never wanted to brush her teeth. She brushes her teeth on her own now, but only because of what we did with the younger ones. My two youngest are 6 and 4. We made a conscious effort to display that both mom and dad brush their teeth every morning and night, and even after meals by making a big show of it while they were toddlers and barely had teeth. By the time they got a full set they were begging to do their own. As they got older we stayed consistent modeling the behavior and making it obvious. This in turn has helped my oldest also begin to make brushing at least twice a day a habit. My point: show your child(ren) the behavior you want them to have. Be consistent and have patience.
517	My toddler doesn't like to get his teeth brushed. How do I get him to be more cooperative? He knows it's part of the bedtime routine and doesn't try to avoid it. He will happily grab and hold out his toothbrush for us to put toothpaste on it, and then he enjoys sucking and chewing it. When he's done that for a short while, we decide it's necessary to do it properly, and that often ends in me holding him while my wife brushing his teeth, while we explain what we're doing and why. It only takes 20 seconds, but it's always accompanied by screaming and squirming. I'd like to find a way to avoid this. As soon as we're done, everything is fine again. Clarification and update: At this age, we don't expect him to be able to brush his teeth on his own. What I meant was that he didn't allow us to do it for him either. In the meantime, four months have passed since I asked this, and he's developed a lot. Now he gladly lets us brush his teeth carefully and cheerfully. Update 2: Another 6 months have passed, and he's still not enjoying the experience. He understands that it has to be done, and he sees us do it too. Sometimes he'll happily let us brush his teeth, other times it's a struggle. We are using several suggestions from the answers below -- we sing, we distract, we talk about "dirty teeth" and brushing the "dirty sugar" away, we let him brush on his own for a while and then take over, he can see himself in the mirror, etc. All of this helps, but one factor certainly is that he's tired, and that's natural because brushing teeth is part of the bedtime routine.	2011/04/05	[ "https://parenting.stackexchange.com/questions/517", "https://parenting.stackexchange.com", "https://parenting.stackexchange.com/users/109/" ]	Our daughter displayed many of the same behaviors your cite and we had to resort to having one parent hold her while the other brushed her teeth properly. What we found helpful, though, was to have the parent brushing the teeth to say the vowels aloud - Aaaaaa, Eeeeeeeeee, Iiiiiiiiiii, Ooooooooooo, Uuuuuuuuuuu, and sometimes Yyyyyyyyyyyyyy - and to encourage her to say them. After a few times, she lessened her resistance. Our thought was that she understood that when the vowels ended, the brushing would end, giving her a cue as to how long the session would last and how close it was to ending. It also gave her something to do. Not long after she started saying the vowel sounds, too, which further distracted her and made brushing easier for everyone involved. Another thing to try is to have another parent brush his or her teeth at the same time. Let your son see that brushing teeth is something his parents do, as well. Children are naturally interested in imitating the behaviors of their parents. If none of the above work, try compromising by letting your son brush his own teeth himself after you brush them. (This works particularly well if he's at that stage where he wants to do everything himself.) In short, you explain that you will brush his teeth - Aaaaaa, Eeeeeeeeee, Iiiiiiiiiii, Ooooooooooo, Uuuuuuuuuuu, and sometimes Yyyyyyyyyyyyyy - and afterwards he can hold the brush and brush them himself. Good luck!	I have three children and each was a different experience in getting them to consistently brush their teeth. My oldest is 11 and unfortunately we were not very consistent with her as a youngster. She never wanted to brush her teeth. She brushes her teeth on her own now, but only because of what we did with the younger ones. My two youngest are 6 and 4. We made a conscious effort to display that both mom and dad brush their teeth every morning and night, and even after meals by making a big show of it while they were toddlers and barely had teeth. By the time they got a full set they were begging to do their own. As they got older we stayed consistent modeling the behavior and making it obvious. This in turn has helped my oldest also begin to make brushing at least twice a day a habit. My point: show your child(ren) the behavior you want them to have. Be consistent and have patience.
517	My toddler doesn't like to get his teeth brushed. How do I get him to be more cooperative? He knows it's part of the bedtime routine and doesn't try to avoid it. He will happily grab and hold out his toothbrush for us to put toothpaste on it, and then he enjoys sucking and chewing it. When he's done that for a short while, we decide it's necessary to do it properly, and that often ends in me holding him while my wife brushing his teeth, while we explain what we're doing and why. It only takes 20 seconds, but it's always accompanied by screaming and squirming. I'd like to find a way to avoid this. As soon as we're done, everything is fine again. Clarification and update: At this age, we don't expect him to be able to brush his teeth on his own. What I meant was that he didn't allow us to do it for him either. In the meantime, four months have passed since I asked this, and he's developed a lot. Now he gladly lets us brush his teeth carefully and cheerfully. Update 2: Another 6 months have passed, and he's still not enjoying the experience. He understands that it has to be done, and he sees us do it too. Sometimes he'll happily let us brush his teeth, other times it's a struggle. We are using several suggestions from the answers below -- we sing, we distract, we talk about "dirty teeth" and brushing the "dirty sugar" away, we let him brush on his own for a while and then take over, he can see himself in the mirror, etc. All of this helps, but one factor certainly is that he's tired, and that's natural because brushing teeth is part of the bedtime routine.	2011/04/05	[ "https://parenting.stackexchange.com/questions/517", "https://parenting.stackexchange.com", "https://parenting.stackexchange.com/users/109/" ]	When those first pearly whites emerge (or even before) begin using an Infadent brush. This soft sleeve with fine bristles fits over the tip of an adults finger. It is dense enough to protect from bites and feels good to gums. And, it comes with an "infant" toothpaste and is easily cleaned. Then, graduate to a vibrating toothbrush. The vibration is of great benefit to ones with oral sensory sensitivities and makes toothbrushing fun. Toothbrushing requires refined motor movements. Toddlers are just learning to move one hand across the midline of their body (the preceding developmental level is moving hands together at midline). Making refined short movements in a tiny space (the distance of the horizontal surface of a tooth) are difficult. They have just learned to hold a spoon and hitting their mouths (maybe). And making squiggly marks in a 1/2 inch space without getting "out of the lines" is not likely. Yet that's what we are basically asking of them. Rotating their wrist up and down or laterally is equivalent to me doing a somersault. It is not going to happen with a pleasant outcome. If their movement is not smooth and refined the results are pushing too far causing a gag or poking tender tissue. Add to this that moving their tongues for feeding is a new and unrefined skill. Do you ever have problems keeping your tongue away from where the dentist is working? And how long have you been practicing oral motor skills? They are more skilled at biting and sucking. That's what they have had the most experience doing. No wonder they get frustrated and refuse to do a task that is so risky and difficult for them. My definition of toddler could be "independence seeker". Yes, it would be easier if you did the task for them, but goes against their "I'll do it myself" agenda at this age. The strategies listed in this post are about motivating a child to keep trying. Being aware of the difficulty of the task of toothbrushing will help you understand his resistance and discover reinforcers that are worth his effort and discomfort and gain his cooperation.	We sing the song (Ariel's theme) from Little Mermaid while we brush, the kids get a kick out of it and encourages them to open their mouths wide for the ahh-ahh-ahhs.
517	My toddler doesn't like to get his teeth brushed. How do I get him to be more cooperative? He knows it's part of the bedtime routine and doesn't try to avoid it. He will happily grab and hold out his toothbrush for us to put toothpaste on it, and then he enjoys sucking and chewing it. When he's done that for a short while, we decide it's necessary to do it properly, and that often ends in me holding him while my wife brushing his teeth, while we explain what we're doing and why. It only takes 20 seconds, but it's always accompanied by screaming and squirming. I'd like to find a way to avoid this. As soon as we're done, everything is fine again. Clarification and update: At this age, we don't expect him to be able to brush his teeth on his own. What I meant was that he didn't allow us to do it for him either. In the meantime, four months have passed since I asked this, and he's developed a lot. Now he gladly lets us brush his teeth carefully and cheerfully. Update 2: Another 6 months have passed, and he's still not enjoying the experience. He understands that it has to be done, and he sees us do it too. Sometimes he'll happily let us brush his teeth, other times it's a struggle. We are using several suggestions from the answers below -- we sing, we distract, we talk about "dirty teeth" and brushing the "dirty sugar" away, we let him brush on his own for a while and then take over, he can see himself in the mirror, etc. All of this helps, but one factor certainly is that he's tired, and that's natural because brushing teeth is part of the bedtime routine.	2011/04/05	[ "https://parenting.stackexchange.com/questions/517", "https://parenting.stackexchange.com", "https://parenting.stackexchange.com/users/109/" ]	Our daughter was the same with the sucking and chewing but one trick we use that has worked really well is one parent brushing at the same time while the other parent is the 'judge' and seeing who can make the loudest noise while smiling and brushing up and down/ side to side, Once it became a game with a bit of competition she happily stands there brushing for quite a while and 'making the noise' ensures she does it properly. ..also sometimes she likes to watch herself brushing her teeth in the mirror - if you have a big enough mirror then you can stand beside him so he can compare how you do it against how he does it; it's our fallback when the noise game fails.	We said that otherwise "microbes eat your teeth" (3 years old)

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