qid int64 1 74.7M | question stringlengths 12 33.8k | date stringlengths 10 10 | metadata list | response_j stringlengths 0 115k | response_k stringlengths 2 98.3k |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
117,131 | We currently have a 'global catch all exceptions' section in our application. When an uncaught exception is thrown, the stack trace is displayed and the application continues running.
More often than not, this leaves the state of the application invalid going forward. Especially with NullReferenceExceptions, and threading exceptions being the cause.
I decided to have the application log the exception in the 'global' section and shutdown and restart. This was met with criticism from management - who asserted that the user should choose to select whether or not to restart under these conditions, since it never shut down before. (*Though I tried my best to explain that the issue was allowing the app to continue running in the first place)*.
I am looking for things to watch out for now, and specific approaches I can take to handle code that is now allowed to continue to run while in an invalid state. | 2011/10/31 | [
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/117131",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/users/23890/"
] | Its definitely best practice to shutdown the application which has thrown an unhandled exception. Under Winforms in .NET, there used to be a dialog which popped up and gave you a big warning with the option to continue running. But since I think .NET 3.5 that continue option is no longer there and you are forced to shutdown the app.
Whether you then restart the application automatically is up to you - I have seen this done by some other major software like browsers.
The dialog for our 'global' catch all exception handler displays the stack trace plus other information (machine name, time, error message, current user name, etc) in a textbox which can be copied to the clipboard. A button is available to email support with the information (button is named 'Send Error Report'). In my experience, the user probably won't bother informing you of it happening unless they are given an easy way like this to email you. And writing the exception details to a log file, while still necessary, won't be of much use to the developer until you get access to file or to the machine. | Depending on the situation there's an answer I used once: If something goes haywire but it's not a certain fatality I reset the document name--if the work gets corrupted it wouldn't overwrite the original. It was only intended to allow them time for a graceful exit. |
2,379,913 | I am studying predicate logic,I came across this para-
>
> Propositional logic, studied in Sections 1.1–1.3, cannot adequately express the meaning of all statements in mathematics and in natural language.
>
>
> For example, suppose that we know that
> “Every computer connected to the university network is functioning properly.”
>
>
> No rules of propositional logic allow us to conclude the truth of the statement “MATH3 is functioning properly",where MATH3 is one of the computers connected to the university network.
>
>
>
This is supposed to illustrate the motivation for predicate logic.
*However,we can interpret the given statement as the conjunction of statements of the form "MATHx is connected to the university network and is working properly"*.
As this statement is true and is a conjunction the individual propositions have to be true;in terms of MATH3 too.
*So propositional logic expresses the meaning of the statement adequately and we have also used the rules of propositional logic to conclude the truth about MATH3 contrary to whats been stated*.
What am I missing?I have gone through the notes by Stephen Simpson and Wikipedia but they proved inadequate. | 2017/08/02 | [
"https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/2379913",
"https://math.stackexchange.com",
"https://math.stackexchange.com/users/466505/"
] | If your domain is finite, then yes, we *could* do everything in propositional logic instead of predicate logic, but:
1. Not every domain is finite (think numbers, sets, graphs, etc.)
2. Even if the domain is finite, then:
2a. We may not know all of its elements (think all people in the world)
2b. There are just too many elements in the domain for this to be practical, efficient, or convenient | You can express a conjunction such as the following:
"Math1 is connected and working properly AND Math2 is connected and working properly AND ... MathX is connected and working properly",
in propositional logic. However, this does not say that "Every computer connected to the university network is functioning properly." as you have claimed. Why? Because there does not exist any guarantee that the conjunction above covers every computer in the network. You would at least need some clause that says something like "and the only computers on the network are math1, ... mathX".
Unfortunately though, this doesn't answer your question, but it seems too long for a comment, so I'll leave it as a so-called "answer". |
2,379,913 | I am studying predicate logic,I came across this para-
>
> Propositional logic, studied in Sections 1.1–1.3, cannot adequately express the meaning of all statements in mathematics and in natural language.
>
>
> For example, suppose that we know that
> “Every computer connected to the university network is functioning properly.”
>
>
> No rules of propositional logic allow us to conclude the truth of the statement “MATH3 is functioning properly",where MATH3 is one of the computers connected to the university network.
>
>
>
This is supposed to illustrate the motivation for predicate logic.
*However,we can interpret the given statement as the conjunction of statements of the form "MATHx is connected to the university network and is working properly"*.
As this statement is true and is a conjunction the individual propositions have to be true;in terms of MATH3 too.
*So propositional logic expresses the meaning of the statement adequately and we have also used the rules of propositional logic to conclude the truth about MATH3 contrary to whats been stated*.
What am I missing?I have gone through the notes by Stephen Simpson and Wikipedia but they proved inadequate. | 2017/08/02 | [
"https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/2379913",
"https://math.stackexchange.com",
"https://math.stackexchange.com/users/466505/"
] | >
>
> >
> > No rules of propositional logic allow us to conclude the truth of the statement “MATH3 is functioning properly",where MATH3 is one of the computers connected to the university network.
> >
> >
> >
>
>
> This is supposed to illustrate the motivation for predicate logic.
>
>
> *However,we can interpret the given statement as the conjunction of statements of the form "MATHx is connected to the university network and is working properly"*.
>
>
>
Yes, indeed, and this is the *first step* in moving from propositional logic to predicate logic.
You are no longer discussing a *single* statement about a *single* subject —a proposition—, rather you have moved to discussing a *conjunction* of *similar* statements about *subjects* that belong to a *collection*.
That is on the path to developing quantfied predicate statements. Next is to move from discussing specific collections, to general collections, and formalise the rules of logic to manage the discussions. | You can express a conjunction such as the following:
"Math1 is connected and working properly AND Math2 is connected and working properly AND ... MathX is connected and working properly",
in propositional logic. However, this does not say that "Every computer connected to the university network is functioning properly." as you have claimed. Why? Because there does not exist any guarantee that the conjunction above covers every computer in the network. You would at least need some clause that says something like "and the only computers on the network are math1, ... mathX".
Unfortunately though, this doesn't answer your question, but it seems too long for a comment, so I'll leave it as a so-called "answer". |
92,034 | I am trying to implement and learn a Dirichlet Process to cluster my data (or as machine learning people speak, estimate the density).
I read a lot of paper in the topic and sort of got the idea. But I am still confused; here are a series of question,
1) What is the different between Chinese Restaurant Model and DP ?
2) What is the different between Infinite Mixture Models and DP ?
To fully understand everything, I have implemented Chinese Restaurant Model, Polya Urn model and Stick-breaking; But it seems, implementing DP from scratch is a hard thing to do ! I can read and write python, R, Matlab.
1) Is there any code you recommend to read and improve to fully understand/work/develop DP ?
2) Based on my research, codes, for Dirichlet Process were not easy to read ! really long, lengthy (probably since the efficiency were more important that clarity).
3) However, there is more code on Infinite Mixture Model than Dirichlet Process. If these two methods are not far from each other can I use IMM ?! Basically, I want to build up my new model, and I don't want to re-invent a wheel.
I appreciate your comments
* UPDATE
since a lot of people have recommended Edwin Chen's tutorial on ["Infinite Mixture Model with Non-parametric Bayes and the DP"](http://blog.echen.me/2012/03/20/infinite-mixture-models-with-nonparametric-bayes-and-the-dirichlet-process/);
This tutorial has a misleading title; It only covers various representation of DP, specificity, CPR, stick-breaking, Polya-Urn Model; and at the end he is using a Mixture Model from scikit and make a couple of histogram on each cluster; | 2014/03/31 | [
"https://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/92034",
"https://stats.stackexchange.com",
"https://stats.stackexchange.com/users/4581/"
] | **1) What is the different between Chinese Restaurant Model and DP?**
None. CRP is a particular representation of DP. Depending on your problem you might want to use one representation over another (CRP, Stick-breaking, etc).
**2) What is the different between Infinite Mixture Models and DP?**
DP is just used as a prior for the Infinite Mixture Model. This is why Infinite Gaussian Mixture Models are also called DP-GMM. Actually the first paper on the subject is ["The Infinite Gaussian Mixture Model" (Rasmussen, 1999)](https://www.seas.harvard.edu/courses/cs281/papers/rasmussen-1999a.pdf)
**3) Implementations**
I am actually trying to implement Rasmussen's paper for a multivariate case in Python. (he uses Gibbs sampling, which is simpler than Variational Inference approximations). In the meanwhile, I found:
* A very nice post by Edwin Chen: [Infinite Mixture Models with Nonparametric Bayes and the Dirichlet Process](http://blog.echen.me/2012/03/20/infinite-mixture-models-with-nonparametric-bayes-and-the-dirichlet-process/)
* An introduction to IGMM by Frank Wood/ [Gentle Introduction to
Infinite Gaussian Mixture Modeling](http://www.robots.ox.ac.uk/~fwood/talks/Wood-IGMM-Intro-2006.pdf)
* An attempt to implement the IGMM by Michael Mander: [Implementing the Infinite GMM](http://mr-pc.org/work/cs4771igmm.pdf). He reports some troubles within the multivariate case. But this was in 2005. I'm not sure whether it is already outdated and his troubles solved in Chen's post or in a more recent Rasmussen's paper [Dirichlet Process Gaussian Mixture Models: Choice of the Base
Distribution](http://www.ics.uci.edu/~dgorur/papers/GorurRasmussen_DPGMM.pdf) (I am currently looking at these.) | A very understandable code by Jacob Eisenstein is available for Matlab at <https://github.com/jacobeisenstein/DPMM>. It is based on the Dissertation "Graphical Models for Visual Object Recognition and Tracking" by E.B. Sudderth. |
16,064,631 | I have a 3-tier architecture that looks roughly like this:
Client -> Business -> Data
Where should transactions ideally start?
One school of thought says that transactions should only start at the top of the Data layer. The Business layer only manipulates business objects with business logic, and never knows about transactions. The business does all of its work to manipulate objects, and then hands them to the Data layer to be persisted. It's a somewhat RESTful philosophy applied to lower layers.
Another school of thought says that transactions should start at the top of the Business layer. The Business layer defines logical units of work, not the data layer, because a logical unit of work sometimes contains business logic, not just data logic.
I do like the idea of pushing transaction concerns as low as possible. But I also find it can require extra effort and design challenges to try and keep business logic out of the data layer, unless it's just CRUD operations. If you apply RESTful design patterns with a sledgehammer, you can make it so that your applications have very few non-CRUD operations.
There is even a 3rd school of thought that says that the Client could start transactions so that it can combine multiple business operations when it needs to. But now the Client is defining the unit-of-work? Isn't that a business concern?
A 4th school of thought says that my Clients can be just SOA components that could participate in an XA transaction started even outside the client!!
Our developers would like some standards more concrete than just "Start transactions wherever you feel like"
Does anyone have any opinions or suggestions on this subject?
Thanks! | 2013/04/17 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/16064631",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/769744/"
] | Transaction is a business concept and it should be coordinated from within the Business Tier.
Manipulating objects in isolation usually makes little benefit and spanning the manipulation between multiple types of objects already is a transaction. So first school of thought is dealing with really basic cases.
When your Business Tier is handling transactions it doesn't really matter who starts the transaction: client or other service. Also long running (distributed) transactions can only be supported when Business Tier is aware of them. | In the
>
> Client -> Business -> Data
>
>
>
architecture, it is always better to define the transaction on the business layer. I would suggest that the transaction be so defined that the business service either starts a new transaction or participates in the existing transaction if one is already started. This takes care of cases where a business service is invoked by another business service.
Having the transaction boundary at the data layer fails if the business layer make multiple data layer calls as part of the same request, as
>
> client1-> business1 => data1 , business1 => data2
>
>
> |
10,495 | I'm not entirely sure if this is the right site for this, but I'll give it a shot.
Basically, I'm looking into different ways of setting up a single sign-on service for an existing corporate environment. Within this environment, there's anything from old legacy systems to new web services, all running on different platforms.
I'm not really looking for specific solutions, as much as high-level approaches/strategies. I found a [great writeup here](http://www.tml.tkk.fi/Opinnot/Tik-110.501/1997/single_sign-on.html#modcommon), but it's from 1997, so it's not exactly up-to-date. If you know of a similar, but newer, paper, please post a link to it. If not, I would be eternally grateful if you were able to contribute with information on more modern models that haven't yet been brought up. If you have implemented such a system in a similar environment, I would be very interested to hear how you went about it, and why you chose that specific strategy.
If this question would fit better on another site, please leave a comment and I'll post it there instead.
Thanks! | 2012/01/08 | [
"https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/10495",
"https://security.stackexchange.com",
"https://security.stackexchange.com/users/6827/"
] | You may be interested in [seccomp](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seccomp). This is a feature with which Linux runs a process with only a very limited set of available system calls; the kernel kills the process at any attempt to execute any other call. This is, conceptually, the Right Way to do this kind of isolation: use a (small) whitelist of allowed system calls, instead of a blacklist of disallowed calls. Seccomp can be used by chromium (the opensource side of Google Chrome) so there's good chance that it will remain supported for the time being.
The Wikipedia page has a few links, including [seccomp-nurse](http://chdir.org/~nico/seccomp-nurse/), which might be the software you are looking for.
For CPU time and memory consumption, the Linux kernel can enforce hard limits on a per-process basis; see [setrlimit](http://linux.die.net/man/2/setrlimit). | You should probably run the program inside a virtual-machine, probably created using [Xen](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xen) if you don't want to pay for VMWare. |
10,495 | I'm not entirely sure if this is the right site for this, but I'll give it a shot.
Basically, I'm looking into different ways of setting up a single sign-on service for an existing corporate environment. Within this environment, there's anything from old legacy systems to new web services, all running on different platforms.
I'm not really looking for specific solutions, as much as high-level approaches/strategies. I found a [great writeup here](http://www.tml.tkk.fi/Opinnot/Tik-110.501/1997/single_sign-on.html#modcommon), but it's from 1997, so it's not exactly up-to-date. If you know of a similar, but newer, paper, please post a link to it. If not, I would be eternally grateful if you were able to contribute with information on more modern models that haven't yet been brought up. If you have implemented such a system in a similar environment, I would be very interested to hear how you went about it, and why you chose that specific strategy.
If this question would fit better on another site, please leave a comment and I'll post it there instead.
Thanks! | 2012/01/08 | [
"https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/10495",
"https://security.stackexchange.com",
"https://security.stackexchange.com/users/6827/"
] | What you are describing sounds a lot like Google's [NaCl](https://developers.google.com/native-client/). Google designed this as a safe way to run native x86 code in the web browser, but they have a sample that runs standalone with no browser. They include a GCC compiler that outputs NaCl-x86 rather than standard x86. | You should probably run the program inside a virtual-machine, probably created using [Xen](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xen) if you don't want to pay for VMWare. |
10,495 | I'm not entirely sure if this is the right site for this, but I'll give it a shot.
Basically, I'm looking into different ways of setting up a single sign-on service for an existing corporate environment. Within this environment, there's anything from old legacy systems to new web services, all running on different platforms.
I'm not really looking for specific solutions, as much as high-level approaches/strategies. I found a [great writeup here](http://www.tml.tkk.fi/Opinnot/Tik-110.501/1997/single_sign-on.html#modcommon), but it's from 1997, so it's not exactly up-to-date. If you know of a similar, but newer, paper, please post a link to it. If not, I would be eternally grateful if you were able to contribute with information on more modern models that haven't yet been brought up. If you have implemented such a system in a similar environment, I would be very interested to hear how you went about it, and why you chose that specific strategy.
If this question would fit better on another site, please leave a comment and I'll post it there instead.
Thanks! | 2012/01/08 | [
"https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/10495",
"https://security.stackexchange.com",
"https://security.stackexchange.com/users/6827/"
] | You may be interested in [seccomp](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seccomp). This is a feature with which Linux runs a process with only a very limited set of available system calls; the kernel kills the process at any attempt to execute any other call. This is, conceptually, the Right Way to do this kind of isolation: use a (small) whitelist of allowed system calls, instead of a blacklist of disallowed calls. Seccomp can be used by chromium (the opensource side of Google Chrome) so there's good chance that it will remain supported for the time being.
The Wikipedia page has a few links, including [seccomp-nurse](http://chdir.org/~nico/seccomp-nurse/), which might be the software you are looking for.
For CPU time and memory consumption, the Linux kernel can enforce hard limits on a per-process basis; see [setrlimit](http://linux.die.net/man/2/setrlimit). | Here is another option I found out about. Terminal command **gksu** has an option to execute command as another user:
>
> --user < user >, -u < user >
>
>
> Call as the specified user.
>
>
>
I think this might create some sort of sandbox.
P.S. Made this as a new answer as it's one of possible solutions and is worth being commented on seperately. |
10,495 | I'm not entirely sure if this is the right site for this, but I'll give it a shot.
Basically, I'm looking into different ways of setting up a single sign-on service for an existing corporate environment. Within this environment, there's anything from old legacy systems to new web services, all running on different platforms.
I'm not really looking for specific solutions, as much as high-level approaches/strategies. I found a [great writeup here](http://www.tml.tkk.fi/Opinnot/Tik-110.501/1997/single_sign-on.html#modcommon), but it's from 1997, so it's not exactly up-to-date. If you know of a similar, but newer, paper, please post a link to it. If not, I would be eternally grateful if you were able to contribute with information on more modern models that haven't yet been brought up. If you have implemented such a system in a similar environment, I would be very interested to hear how you went about it, and why you chose that specific strategy.
If this question would fit better on another site, please leave a comment and I'll post it there instead.
Thanks! | 2012/01/08 | [
"https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/10495",
"https://security.stackexchange.com",
"https://security.stackexchange.com/users/6827/"
] | You may be interested in [seccomp](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seccomp). This is a feature with which Linux runs a process with only a very limited set of available system calls; the kernel kills the process at any attempt to execute any other call. This is, conceptually, the Right Way to do this kind of isolation: use a (small) whitelist of allowed system calls, instead of a blacklist of disallowed calls. Seccomp can be used by chromium (the opensource side of Google Chrome) so there's good chance that it will remain supported for the time being.
The Wikipedia page has a few links, including [seccomp-nurse](http://chdir.org/~nico/seccomp-nurse/), which might be the software you are looking for.
For CPU time and memory consumption, the Linux kernel can enforce hard limits on a per-process basis; see [setrlimit](http://linux.die.net/man/2/setrlimit). | What you are describing sounds a lot like Google's [NaCl](https://developers.google.com/native-client/). Google designed this as a safe way to run native x86 code in the web browser, but they have a sample that runs standalone with no browser. They include a GCC compiler that outputs NaCl-x86 rather than standard x86. |
10,495 | I'm not entirely sure if this is the right site for this, but I'll give it a shot.
Basically, I'm looking into different ways of setting up a single sign-on service for an existing corporate environment. Within this environment, there's anything from old legacy systems to new web services, all running on different platforms.
I'm not really looking for specific solutions, as much as high-level approaches/strategies. I found a [great writeup here](http://www.tml.tkk.fi/Opinnot/Tik-110.501/1997/single_sign-on.html#modcommon), but it's from 1997, so it's not exactly up-to-date. If you know of a similar, but newer, paper, please post a link to it. If not, I would be eternally grateful if you were able to contribute with information on more modern models that haven't yet been brought up. If you have implemented such a system in a similar environment, I would be very interested to hear how you went about it, and why you chose that specific strategy.
If this question would fit better on another site, please leave a comment and I'll post it there instead.
Thanks! | 2012/01/08 | [
"https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/10495",
"https://security.stackexchange.com",
"https://security.stackexchange.com/users/6827/"
] | You may be interested in [seccomp](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seccomp). This is a feature with which Linux runs a process with only a very limited set of available system calls; the kernel kills the process at any attempt to execute any other call. This is, conceptually, the Right Way to do this kind of isolation: use a (small) whitelist of allowed system calls, instead of a blacklist of disallowed calls. Seccomp can be used by chromium (the opensource side of Google Chrome) so there's good chance that it will remain supported for the time being.
The Wikipedia page has a few links, including [seccomp-nurse](http://chdir.org/~nico/seccomp-nurse/), which might be the software you are looking for.
For CPU time and memory consumption, the Linux kernel can enforce hard limits on a per-process basis; see [setrlimit](http://linux.die.net/man/2/setrlimit). | Have you thought of using chroot?
<https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BasicChroot>
It's more freebsd'y but it will work. Seccomp takes care of syscalls, just removing the system libraries won't actually work since people can just add their syscalls. But chroot is another level of making sure they don't break out and another level of safety. You can dynamically create a chroot'd jail then compile fairly easily and have each process run inside of it without worry of two peoples interacting, |
10,495 | I'm not entirely sure if this is the right site for this, but I'll give it a shot.
Basically, I'm looking into different ways of setting up a single sign-on service for an existing corporate environment. Within this environment, there's anything from old legacy systems to new web services, all running on different platforms.
I'm not really looking for specific solutions, as much as high-level approaches/strategies. I found a [great writeup here](http://www.tml.tkk.fi/Opinnot/Tik-110.501/1997/single_sign-on.html#modcommon), but it's from 1997, so it's not exactly up-to-date. If you know of a similar, but newer, paper, please post a link to it. If not, I would be eternally grateful if you were able to contribute with information on more modern models that haven't yet been brought up. If you have implemented such a system in a similar environment, I would be very interested to hear how you went about it, and why you chose that specific strategy.
If this question would fit better on another site, please leave a comment and I'll post it there instead.
Thanks! | 2012/01/08 | [
"https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/10495",
"https://security.stackexchange.com",
"https://security.stackexchange.com/users/6827/"
] | What you are describing sounds a lot like Google's [NaCl](https://developers.google.com/native-client/). Google designed this as a safe way to run native x86 code in the web browser, but they have a sample that runs standalone with no browser. They include a GCC compiler that outputs NaCl-x86 rather than standard x86. | Here is another option I found out about. Terminal command **gksu** has an option to execute command as another user:
>
> --user < user >, -u < user >
>
>
> Call as the specified user.
>
>
>
I think this might create some sort of sandbox.
P.S. Made this as a new answer as it's one of possible solutions and is worth being commented on seperately. |
10,495 | I'm not entirely sure if this is the right site for this, but I'll give it a shot.
Basically, I'm looking into different ways of setting up a single sign-on service for an existing corporate environment. Within this environment, there's anything from old legacy systems to new web services, all running on different platforms.
I'm not really looking for specific solutions, as much as high-level approaches/strategies. I found a [great writeup here](http://www.tml.tkk.fi/Opinnot/Tik-110.501/1997/single_sign-on.html#modcommon), but it's from 1997, so it's not exactly up-to-date. If you know of a similar, but newer, paper, please post a link to it. If not, I would be eternally grateful if you were able to contribute with information on more modern models that haven't yet been brought up. If you have implemented such a system in a similar environment, I would be very interested to hear how you went about it, and why you chose that specific strategy.
If this question would fit better on another site, please leave a comment and I'll post it there instead.
Thanks! | 2012/01/08 | [
"https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/10495",
"https://security.stackexchange.com",
"https://security.stackexchange.com/users/6827/"
] | What you are describing sounds a lot like Google's [NaCl](https://developers.google.com/native-client/). Google designed this as a safe way to run native x86 code in the web browser, but they have a sample that runs standalone with no browser. They include a GCC compiler that outputs NaCl-x86 rather than standard x86. | Have you thought of using chroot?
<https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BasicChroot>
It's more freebsd'y but it will work. Seccomp takes care of syscalls, just removing the system libraries won't actually work since people can just add their syscalls. But chroot is another level of making sure they don't break out and another level of safety. You can dynamically create a chroot'd jail then compile fairly easily and have each process run inside of it without worry of two peoples interacting, |
10,317,459 | I am a user of hudson. I recently moved to jenkins. I know hudson does not support clustering of servers. Does jenkins provide that. Also elaborate things a little as I am new to this. Thanks in Advance. | 2012/04/25 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/10317459",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1085984/"
] | If by clustering you mean having a single web interface and many workers behind, yes Jenkins (like Hudson from which Jenkins is forked) support it and it's called [Distributed Builds](https://wiki.jenkins-ci.org/display/JENKINS/Distributed+builds). It allows you to run jobs on differents workers called slaves.
See the [Distributed Builds page on the Jenkins Wiki](https://wiki.jenkins-ci.org/display/JENKINS/Distributed+builds). | Jenkins is fairly close to Hudson, feature-wise. Jenkins project forked off Hudson around 18 months ago and the basic architecture is still the same. So, even without knowing exactly what you mean by clustering, I am confident Jenkins does not support clustering if you say Hudson does not support it.
I have heard rumors there is work going on to make Jenkins have some high-availability features, but that is all I know. No idea what exactly that means or how is it implemented. |
10,317,459 | I am a user of hudson. I recently moved to jenkins. I know hudson does not support clustering of servers. Does jenkins provide that. Also elaborate things a little as I am new to this. Thanks in Advance. | 2012/04/25 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/10317459",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1085984/"
] | OS Jenkins does not support clustering.
Cloudbees Jenkins Enterprise has HA support using active and stand-by Jenkins masters.
<http://jenkins-enterprise.cloudbees.com/docs/user-guide-bundle/ha.html> | Jenkins is fairly close to Hudson, feature-wise. Jenkins project forked off Hudson around 18 months ago and the basic architecture is still the same. So, even without knowing exactly what you mean by clustering, I am confident Jenkins does not support clustering if you say Hudson does not support it.
I have heard rumors there is work going on to make Jenkins have some high-availability features, but that is all I know. No idea what exactly that means or how is it implemented. |
3,282 | Who has risked their microphone investment and have it pay off?
* Submerged in boiling water
* Frozen in ice
* Dipped in liquids other than water,
ie. syrup, molasses, oil, etc
* Floated close to hazardous objects,
ie. garbage disposal blades,
propellors, etc
* Something else even crazier than the
above? | 2010/08/31 | [
"https://sound.stackexchange.com/questions/3282",
"https://sound.stackexchange.com",
"https://sound.stackexchange.com/users/61/"
] | A friend of mine built a hydrophone then froze it into a lake - in north sweden. you can hear the results from here:
<http://www.riwid.net/works/singing-ice/> | Maybe not THAT extreme, but I did bury my hydrophone in my compost pile. It's out on loan, but I figure I'd need to let it sit for a few days before recording with it, and then would need to do so for a few hours to see what I could get...the initial session was too short to get much cool stuff. |
3,282 | Who has risked their microphone investment and have it pay off?
* Submerged in boiling water
* Frozen in ice
* Dipped in liquids other than water,
ie. syrup, molasses, oil, etc
* Floated close to hazardous objects,
ie. garbage disposal blades,
propellors, etc
* Something else even crazier than the
above? | 2010/08/31 | [
"https://sound.stackexchange.com/questions/3282",
"https://sound.stackexchange.com",
"https://sound.stackexchange.com/users/61/"
] | A friend of mine built a hydrophone then froze it into a lake - in north sweden. you can hear the results from here:
<http://www.riwid.net/works/singing-ice/> | Maybe a bit more of a joke... but this dog was seriously psycho! And it obsessed over the fluffy a little too much. Got a few nips too. The sound was was what I needed so it paid off.
oops, just read "hydrophone" in the title... I always post quicker than I read. In anycase it was so slobbery, that I probably needed a hydrophone.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/2H3YZ.jpg) |
3,282 | Who has risked their microphone investment and have it pay off?
* Submerged in boiling water
* Frozen in ice
* Dipped in liquids other than water,
ie. syrup, molasses, oil, etc
* Floated close to hazardous objects,
ie. garbage disposal blades,
propellors, etc
* Something else even crazier than the
above? | 2010/08/31 | [
"https://sound.stackexchange.com/questions/3282",
"https://sound.stackexchange.com",
"https://sound.stackexchange.com/users/61/"
] | Just found [this](http://www.sonic-terrain.com/2010/09/recording-of-the-week-maggots-fun-by-richard-devine/) on the Sonic-Terrain site. Definitely applies to this topic. | I tried putting the hydrophone inside a balloon filled with water to get interesting impacts, jiggles, etc., but unfortunately I couldn't figure out a way to avoid cable vibration/noise emanating from where it touched the tied neck of the balloon. Made some interesting sound though. |
3,282 | Who has risked their microphone investment and have it pay off?
* Submerged in boiling water
* Frozen in ice
* Dipped in liquids other than water,
ie. syrup, molasses, oil, etc
* Floated close to hazardous objects,
ie. garbage disposal blades,
propellors, etc
* Something else even crazier than the
above? | 2010/08/31 | [
"https://sound.stackexchange.com/questions/3282",
"https://sound.stackexchange.com",
"https://sound.stackexchange.com/users/61/"
] | While I take no credit for doing it, an old friend of mine submerged one in his bathtub and fired off a bottle rocket. Him, the mic, and the bathtub/apartment survived. | Maybe a bit more of a joke... but this dog was seriously psycho! And it obsessed over the fluffy a little too much. Got a few nips too. The sound was was what I needed so it paid off.
oops, just read "hydrophone" in the title... I always post quicker than I read. In anycase it was so slobbery, that I probably needed a hydrophone.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/2H3YZ.jpg) |
3,282 | Who has risked their microphone investment and have it pay off?
* Submerged in boiling water
* Frozen in ice
* Dipped in liquids other than water,
ie. syrup, molasses, oil, etc
* Floated close to hazardous objects,
ie. garbage disposal blades,
propellors, etc
* Something else even crazier than the
above? | 2010/08/31 | [
"https://sound.stackexchange.com/questions/3282",
"https://sound.stackexchange.com",
"https://sound.stackexchange.com/users/61/"
] | A friend of mine built a hydrophone then froze it into a lake - in north sweden. you can hear the results from here:
<http://www.riwid.net/works/singing-ice/> | While I take no credit for doing it, an old friend of mine submerged one in his bathtub and fired off a bottle rocket. Him, the mic, and the bathtub/apartment survived. |
3,282 | Who has risked their microphone investment and have it pay off?
* Submerged in boiling water
* Frozen in ice
* Dipped in liquids other than water,
ie. syrup, molasses, oil, etc
* Floated close to hazardous objects,
ie. garbage disposal blades,
propellors, etc
* Something else even crazier than the
above? | 2010/08/31 | [
"https://sound.stackexchange.com/questions/3282",
"https://sound.stackexchange.com",
"https://sound.stackexchange.com/users/61/"
] | Maybe not THAT extreme, but I did bury my hydrophone in my compost pile. It's out on loan, but I figure I'd need to let it sit for a few days before recording with it, and then would need to do so for a few hours to see what I could get...the initial session was too short to get much cool stuff. | Maybe a bit more of a joke... but this dog was seriously psycho! And it obsessed over the fluffy a little too much. Got a few nips too. The sound was was what I needed so it paid off.
oops, just read "hydrophone" in the title... I always post quicker than I read. In anycase it was so slobbery, that I probably needed a hydrophone.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/2H3YZ.jpg) |
3,282 | Who has risked their microphone investment and have it pay off?
* Submerged in boiling water
* Frozen in ice
* Dipped in liquids other than water,
ie. syrup, molasses, oil, etc
* Floated close to hazardous objects,
ie. garbage disposal blades,
propellors, etc
* Something else even crazier than the
above? | 2010/08/31 | [
"https://sound.stackexchange.com/questions/3282",
"https://sound.stackexchange.com",
"https://sound.stackexchange.com/users/61/"
] | A friend of mine built a hydrophone then froze it into a lake - in north sweden. you can hear the results from here:
<http://www.riwid.net/works/singing-ice/> | Just found [this](http://www.sonic-terrain.com/2010/09/recording-of-the-week-maggots-fun-by-richard-devine/) on the Sonic-Terrain site. Definitely applies to this topic. |
3,282 | Who has risked their microphone investment and have it pay off?
* Submerged in boiling water
* Frozen in ice
* Dipped in liquids other than water,
ie. syrup, molasses, oil, etc
* Floated close to hazardous objects,
ie. garbage disposal blades,
propellors, etc
* Something else even crazier than the
above? | 2010/08/31 | [
"https://sound.stackexchange.com/questions/3282",
"https://sound.stackexchange.com",
"https://sound.stackexchange.com/users/61/"
] | While I take no credit for doing it, an old friend of mine submerged one in his bathtub and fired off a bottle rocket. Him, the mic, and the bathtub/apartment survived. | I tried putting the hydrophone inside a balloon filled with water to get interesting impacts, jiggles, etc., but unfortunately I couldn't figure out a way to avoid cable vibration/noise emanating from where it touched the tied neck of the balloon. Made some interesting sound though. |
3,282 | Who has risked their microphone investment and have it pay off?
* Submerged in boiling water
* Frozen in ice
* Dipped in liquids other than water,
ie. syrup, molasses, oil, etc
* Floated close to hazardous objects,
ie. garbage disposal blades,
propellors, etc
* Something else even crazier than the
above? | 2010/08/31 | [
"https://sound.stackexchange.com/questions/3282",
"https://sound.stackexchange.com",
"https://sound.stackexchange.com/users/61/"
] | Just found [this](http://www.sonic-terrain.com/2010/09/recording-of-the-week-maggots-fun-by-richard-devine/) on the Sonic-Terrain site. Definitely applies to this topic. | Maybe a bit more of a joke... but this dog was seriously psycho! And it obsessed over the fluffy a little too much. Got a few nips too. The sound was was what I needed so it paid off.
oops, just read "hydrophone" in the title... I always post quicker than I read. In anycase it was so slobbery, that I probably needed a hydrophone.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/2H3YZ.jpg) |
3,282 | Who has risked their microphone investment and have it pay off?
* Submerged in boiling water
* Frozen in ice
* Dipped in liquids other than water,
ie. syrup, molasses, oil, etc
* Floated close to hazardous objects,
ie. garbage disposal blades,
propellors, etc
* Something else even crazier than the
above? | 2010/08/31 | [
"https://sound.stackexchange.com/questions/3282",
"https://sound.stackexchange.com",
"https://sound.stackexchange.com/users/61/"
] | A friend of mine built a hydrophone then froze it into a lake - in north sweden. you can hear the results from here:
<http://www.riwid.net/works/singing-ice/> | I tried putting the hydrophone inside a balloon filled with water to get interesting impacts, jiggles, etc., but unfortunately I couldn't figure out a way to avoid cable vibration/noise emanating from where it touched the tied neck of the balloon. Made some interesting sound though. |
45,745 | This is something I always wondered about but never really asked.
Say I have a rectangle box, image or other element in photoshop, when I make the desired element active and I check the info panel, The width / height never shows up - Should it? | 2009/09/23 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/45745",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/2050/"
] | When you make a selection, the 'Info' panel should show the width (W:) and height (H:) of the selection. It has to be the active selection, though.
*Note: The active selection "marching ants" don't show up in the screen capture.*
 | Press 'Command-T' to transform the current layer. That will also show it's width and height in the info panel, as per Robert's answer (but more convenient). |
44,417 | How can increasing the radius of earth may cause an impact on the solar system ? Like, would earth may start making a bigger orbit (due to increase in size and wait) or vice versa ? or else ?
PS: The base of my question arises from the point of view of "Growing Population", and managing it by "artificially increasing the size of earth" (Instead of say, finding possibilities to live on other planets like Mars). So, if the radius increases, naturally the circumference of the sphere, and hence surface to live on will increase.
I understand however that probably exploring newer planets might be more feasible solution. But just for curiosity I shared my query. :) | 2012/11/17 | [
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/44417",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/users/6665/"
] | Radius has little to do with an object's orbital properties. Instead, consider its mass.
The mass of a satellite (in this case the Earth) does not affect any properties of its orbit. This makes sense, since the force of gravity is proportional to mass, and acceleration is proportional to force divided by mass. Therefore, the Earth's orbit would not change.
The moon's orbit, however, might. If one were to double the central mass of a body being orbited, the velocity of the orbit would increase by a factor of sqrt(2), causing the period of the moon's orbit to reduce to around 20 days. Also, the moon's orbital radius would decrease, thereby increasing tides slightly.
All and all, there would be few notable changes. | The Earth is getting bigger even now. Although very slowly. There is a constant rain of space dust onto the planet. But it won't make much of a noticeable difference to the planet's size or mass any time soon.
As an engineering effort to make more living space... not very practical. Where would the new mass come from? How could it be safely deposited?
Surface area increases with the square of the radius, volume with the cube of the radius. Let's say you wanted to double the surface area... you'd need to increase the radius by about 1.4 times (square root of 2) i.e. increase it by about 40%, so you'd need to increase the volume by a factor of ((square root of 2) raised to the power of 3) or about 2.8 times. In other words, you'd have to add almost twice the current volume of the Earth just to double it's surface area... like getting 2 Earths for the price of 3.
Let's say we did it anyway... triple the mass of the planet in order to double its surface area. I can't see how it would affect the bulk of the solar system... Earth would still be tiny compared to the Jovian planets and the Sun. It would affect the Moon though... the extra mass would pull it into a closer orbit. But I think that would be about it. |
44,417 | How can increasing the radius of earth may cause an impact on the solar system ? Like, would earth may start making a bigger orbit (due to increase in size and wait) or vice versa ? or else ?
PS: The base of my question arises from the point of view of "Growing Population", and managing it by "artificially increasing the size of earth" (Instead of say, finding possibilities to live on other planets like Mars). So, if the radius increases, naturally the circumference of the sphere, and hence surface to live on will increase.
I understand however that probably exploring newer planets might be more feasible solution. But just for curiosity I shared my query. :) | 2012/11/17 | [
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/44417",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/users/6665/"
] | Radius has little to do with an object's orbital properties. Instead, consider its mass.
The mass of a satellite (in this case the Earth) does not affect any properties of its orbit. This makes sense, since the force of gravity is proportional to mass, and acceleration is proportional to force divided by mass. Therefore, the Earth's orbit would not change.
The moon's orbit, however, might. If one were to double the central mass of a body being orbited, the velocity of the orbit would increase by a factor of sqrt(2), causing the period of the moon's orbit to reduce to around 20 days. Also, the moon's orbital radius would decrease, thereby increasing tides slightly.
All and all, there would be few notable changes. | Increasing the radius does not require new matter.
See Menger sponge as a conceptual model; and assume that when pieces of Earth are removed from its surface (excavation for raw materials) and then placed in a vertical order (buildings), Earth's surface takes a less dense form.
If Earth's surface were hypothetically covered by tall buildings. Earth's radius would have increased by the height of the buildings, but its surface mass would also be less dense.
Therefore now the question becomes: How much of Earth's mass can be tampered with by reducing its density, before Earth's ecosystem becomes too risky for its habitants?
Maybe that would help estimate a more realistic maximum sustainable human population.
\*As per the Menger sponge, less density may translate into more surface area for habitants. |
77,589 | Some people do not move out of the way when walking even if it would be considered rude or socially unacceptable, like when the other person is much older, pregnant, or has small children. They expect others to move for them, but they aren't breaking any laws or rules, rather not following social norms.
This may seem very trivial but are there are cases where something like this escalated and police were involved?
Who is responsible if a child, teenager or young adult does not get out of the way for an elderly person and the elderly person shoves them out of the way, knocks them on the head or commits some other act of physical aggression, which happens sometimes in such cases?
Where do you draw the line - if the older person only gently taps them so they move is it still their fault because any unwanted touching is assault?
I have also seen elderly people become physically violent towards younger people who don't give up their seat on a bus or train, although in that case the younger person is not following rules.
I understand the older person is committing assault but most people even in first-world countries like Canada either support the older person or don't interfere and the law would have to take into account the common public opinion. | 2022/02/03 | [
"https://law.stackexchange.com/questions/77589",
"https://law.stackexchange.com",
"https://law.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | Rudeness is not a crime
-----------------------
Thankfully, or I’d be writing this from jail.
The threat or actually of intentional and unwanted physical contact *is* a crime. Historically these were seperate common law crimes (and torts) of [assault](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assault) and [battery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(crime)) respectively. However, in most jurisdictions these have been codified and merged and redefined so there is common assault (which merges historic assault and battery and is what you are asking about), indecent assault, sexual assault etc.
In general, there must be an intentionality to the contact - accidentally colliding with someone is not assault (although it can be the tort of negligence). Similarly the contact must be unwanted - participating in a game of rugby means you want to be tackled (in a legal sense, in a sports sense you don’t want to be tackled, you want to score). And finally it must intend harm - holding your hands up to prevent a collision does not intend harm even if harm may result, punching someone does.
In the cases you describe, the aggressor is the “elderly person” and they have committed a crime.
I am interested in the suggestion that public opinion in first-world countries like Canada is that being old and annoyed justifies you beating someone. That is not my understanding of public opinion in Australia- old people have to follow the rule of law here just like everybody else. | Sometimes social norms matter.
This comes up not primarily in the area of criminal law and intentional torts like assault and battery, but in the area of negligence.
Suppose somebody doesn't get out of the way of an obviously fragile person and that causes the person to fall. Is the failure to get out of the way actionable?
Maybe.
Everyone has a universal legal duty to take reasonable care to take necessary steps prevent others from suffering physical injury or property damage. What a reasonable person would do under the circumstances is determined by the trier of fact (the jury in a jury trial, or a judge, if there is a bench trial) on a case by case basis. This can be based, in part, on social norms. |
77,589 | Some people do not move out of the way when walking even if it would be considered rude or socially unacceptable, like when the other person is much older, pregnant, or has small children. They expect others to move for them, but they aren't breaking any laws or rules, rather not following social norms.
This may seem very trivial but are there are cases where something like this escalated and police were involved?
Who is responsible if a child, teenager or young adult does not get out of the way for an elderly person and the elderly person shoves them out of the way, knocks them on the head or commits some other act of physical aggression, which happens sometimes in such cases?
Where do you draw the line - if the older person only gently taps them so they move is it still their fault because any unwanted touching is assault?
I have also seen elderly people become physically violent towards younger people who don't give up their seat on a bus or train, although in that case the younger person is not following rules.
I understand the older person is committing assault but most people even in first-world countries like Canada either support the older person or don't interfere and the law would have to take into account the common public opinion. | 2022/02/03 | [
"https://law.stackexchange.com/questions/77589",
"https://law.stackexchange.com",
"https://law.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | Violation of social norms may often have legal effects, although not always.
Possible Outcomes
-----------------
If a person is being rude, forcing others to get out of the way, particularly including those apparently older or more fragile, many things may happen.
* A person who perceives himself or herself to be a victim of rudeness may physically attack the rude person as described in the question. Such a person is probably guilty of assault, assault and battery, or some variant of this charge. The police may or may not arrest such an attacker, and the prosecutor may or may not file charges. A violation of social norms may incline police or prosecutor not to act. Or they may perceive that such a violation would make it hard to get a conviction. Police might also arrest the rude person on some charge, perhaps "breach of the peace" or "disorderly conduct". Whether a conviction can be obtained on such a charge will depend on the local laws, and the exact details of the incident, but it is not impossible.
* A person who perceives himself or herself to be a victim of rudeness may verbally attack or admonish the rude person. This may cause the rue person to physically attack in response. Then the rude person may attack physically, thus becoming guilty of assault or a related charge. The social disapproval of the rude person's action may cause such a charge to be dealt with more severely than would otherwise be the case.
* If the rude person knocks into another, particularly a frail person, then the rude person might be charged with assault and other charges, or sued in a tort action (as described in [the answer by
ohwilleke](https://law.stackexchange.com/a/77591/17500) or both. Violation of social norms may disadvantage the rude person in either a criminal or a civil action.
* If a police officer observes the rude person, or is summoned by someone who does, the police officer may order the rude person to stop, or may possibly arrest such a person on some available charge again perhaps "breach of the peace". This might or might not lead to a (minor) criminal trial, depending on the exact events, the person's attitude and the decision of the prosecutor.
Notice that I have used "may" and "might" a good deal here. The exact outcome in any of these situations will be quite variable. It will depend on the exact situation and events, and the attitudes and decisions of the various people involved: the rude person, the victim if any, the police officer if any, and the prosecutor if it gets that far, ultimately perhaps a judge and perhaps a jury.
Possible offenses involved
--------------------------
In traditional common law ***assault*** was a **threat** of unwanted force or touching, that would put a reasonable person in fear of such a touching. ***Battery*** was the actual unwanted touching, often forceful or violent, but not always. Raising one's fist to someone (without justification) would be assault, punching that person would be battery. These frequently occur together, giving rise to the phrase "assault and battery". A good many jurisdictions have more recently merged these, by statute or court decision, creating a single offense of "assault" or "common assault", involving either or both of the traditional assault or battery offenses, and perhaps other related conduct. Many but not all US states have done such a merger. (Exceptions to a charge of assault or battery may involve a sports event, proper self-defense or defense of another, use of reasonable force in arresting an offender or suspect, military action, and other situations where force or threat of force is lawful.)
["Breach of the peace"](https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/breach_of_the_peace) is described by LI/Wex as:
>
> Breach of the peace is a generic phrase to describe a criminal offense that violates the public peace or order. Since numerous criminal offenses can be perceived as a violation of the public peace, this phrase is usually used to describe the offense of disorderly conduct. Due to the broad interpretation of the phrase, certain states have enacted statutes providing for a “breach of the peace” offense.
>
>
>
["disorderly conduct"](https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/disorderly_conduct) is described by LI/Wex as:
>
> Conduct that disturbs the peace, morals, or safety of the general public or of a class of people. In other words, behavior that causes others to become annoyed, alarmed, offended, inconvenienced, physically injured, or financially harmed. Examples of such behavior include, but are not limited to: being drunk in public, loitering, fighting, making loud or disturbing noise(s), making offensive expressions or gestures, and damaging public or private property.
>
>
> The offense is a misdemeanor in most states and usually involves some public element or impact.
>
>
>
This answer draws largely on US law, but should be to some extent correct in a good many non-US jurisdictions. | Sometimes social norms matter.
This comes up not primarily in the area of criminal law and intentional torts like assault and battery, but in the area of negligence.
Suppose somebody doesn't get out of the way of an obviously fragile person and that causes the person to fall. Is the failure to get out of the way actionable?
Maybe.
Everyone has a universal legal duty to take reasonable care to take necessary steps prevent others from suffering physical injury or property damage. What a reasonable person would do under the circumstances is determined by the trier of fact (the jury in a jury trial, or a judge, if there is a bench trial) on a case by case basis. This can be based, in part, on social norms. |
77,589 | Some people do not move out of the way when walking even if it would be considered rude or socially unacceptable, like when the other person is much older, pregnant, or has small children. They expect others to move for them, but they aren't breaking any laws or rules, rather not following social norms.
This may seem very trivial but are there are cases where something like this escalated and police were involved?
Who is responsible if a child, teenager or young adult does not get out of the way for an elderly person and the elderly person shoves them out of the way, knocks them on the head or commits some other act of physical aggression, which happens sometimes in such cases?
Where do you draw the line - if the older person only gently taps them so they move is it still their fault because any unwanted touching is assault?
I have also seen elderly people become physically violent towards younger people who don't give up their seat on a bus or train, although in that case the younger person is not following rules.
I understand the older person is committing assault but most people even in first-world countries like Canada either support the older person or don't interfere and the law would have to take into account the common public opinion. | 2022/02/03 | [
"https://law.stackexchange.com/questions/77589",
"https://law.stackexchange.com",
"https://law.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | There are some instances where you might be allowed to do something only because it follows prevailing social norms. In the U.S., the Supreme Court has held that [“A license may be implied from the habits of the country.”](https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/260/127)
For example, the U.S. Supreme Court in [*Florida v. Jardines*](https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/11-564) determined that the police (like anyone else) are allowed to walk up to someone’s door and ring the doorbell or knock on the door, even though violating commonly-understood social norms could constitute an illegal search of someone’s private property, or even trespassing.
>
> This implicit license typically permits the visitor to approach the home by the front path, knock promptly, wait briefly to be received, and then (absent invitation to linger longer) leave. Complying with the terms of that traditional invitation does not require fine-grained legal knowledge; it is generally managed without incident by the Nation’s Girl Scouts and trick-or-treaters.
>
>
>
(Yes, you guessed it: that sarcastic closing line is Antonin Scalia.) | Sometimes social norms matter.
This comes up not primarily in the area of criminal law and intentional torts like assault and battery, but in the area of negligence.
Suppose somebody doesn't get out of the way of an obviously fragile person and that causes the person to fall. Is the failure to get out of the way actionable?
Maybe.
Everyone has a universal legal duty to take reasonable care to take necessary steps prevent others from suffering physical injury or property damage. What a reasonable person would do under the circumstances is determined by the trier of fact (the jury in a jury trial, or a judge, if there is a bench trial) on a case by case basis. This can be based, in part, on social norms. |
51,899,513 | I need to start a project with angular in the company where I work. Currently, most projects are developed using version 4 but I have the chance to choose the version.
What do you recommend? I want to know the reasons for using and not using a specific version.
Thanks! | 2018/08/17 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/51899513",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/5819268/"
] | I recommend you always use the latest version which you can find by following [this](https://angular.io/docs) URL. As I think the main reason why you should choose latest one is that there are many improvements, speed optimizations and bug fixes. So why choose old version when you always can be up to date! | According to me you can choose the more stable version of any platform instead of choosing the latest version of it , because some of the features may be in preview state which is not reliable. So in your case going with Angular 4 or 5 would be good.
Refer this link for more details on [angular versions](https://angular.io/guide/releases/)
For new features in angular 6 refer [this link](https://medium.freecodecamp.org/angular-what-is-the-new-briefly-e6837348dd3a) |
73,508 | Out of curiosity, I have a question about high voltage electricity sources. Hypothetically, the requirements are that the source must be no larger than a water bottle (although smaller is better), and that the source is capable of producing an arc at least 1 meter in length (longer is better). The source doesn't have to be able to output continuously and can be pulsed, although the time between pulses should be no longer than 1/2 of a second. I am aware that tesla coils can produce large sparks in small packages, but I do not know if they would be the best option for the hypothetical situation or if they are even capable of meeting these criteria. Perhaps some sort of capacitor array? | 2013/06/20 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/73508",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/25495/"
] | You will need 3 × 10^6 V (*three megavolts*) to achieve a spark in dry air. That's rather a lot.
However, people have built hand-held Tesla coils that achieve roughly what you're asking for: <http://www.rmcybernetics.com/projects/DIY_Devices/plasma-gun-2.htm> (and they'll even sell you the parts!) As "Guess Who" points out, it's quite a challenge to avoid insulation breakdown *inside* your device.
This exploits the tendency of charged sharp points to spray ions into the air, reducing the breakdown voltage considerably. | The (hypothetical) requirements for your device are insanely unrealistic. Air breakdown voltage (voltage required to create a spark of a certain length through air) varies based on a ton of things, but in general, the "standard" value (all variables aside) is about 3x10^6 V/m. That's a **huge** voltage. I remember hearing from a professor once (and this could be outdated or completely wrong information) that on even the best of days, it takes about 100,000 volts to create an inch of spark. To create a spark that's a meter long, with circuitry that's the size of a water bottle is, dare I say it, *impossible*. |
125,812 | I am investigating the design of a work queue processor where the QueueProcessor retrieves a Command Pattern object from the Queue and executes it in a new thread.
I am trying to get my head around a potential Queue lockup scenario where nested Commands may result in a deadlock.
E.G.
A FooCommand object is placed onto the queue which the QueueProcessor then executes in its own thread.
The executing FooCommand places a BarCommand onto the queue.
Assuming that the maximum allowed threads was only 1 thread, the QueueProcessor would be in a deadlocked state since the FooCommand is infinitely waiting for the BarCommand to complete.
How can this situation be managed? Is a queue object the right object for the job? Are there any checks and balances that can be put into place to resolve this issue?
Many thanks. ( application uses C# .NET 3.0 ) | 2008/09/24 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/125812",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/14515/"
] | For simple cases like this an additional monitoring thread that can spin off more threads on demand is helpful.
Basically every N seconds check to see if any jobs have been finished, if not, add another thread.
This won't necessarily handle even more complex deadlock problems, but it will solve this one.
My recommendation for the heavier problem is to restrict waits to newly spawned process, in other words, you can only wait on something you started, that way you never get deadlocks, since cycles are impossible in that situation. | If you are building the Queue object yourself there are a few things you can try:
1. Dynamically add new service threads. Use a timer and add a thread if the available thread count has been zero for too long.
2. If a command is trying to queue another command and wait for the result then you should synchronously execute the second command in the same thread. If the first thread simply waits for the second you won't get a concurrency benefit anyway. |
125,812 | I am investigating the design of a work queue processor where the QueueProcessor retrieves a Command Pattern object from the Queue and executes it in a new thread.
I am trying to get my head around a potential Queue lockup scenario where nested Commands may result in a deadlock.
E.G.
A FooCommand object is placed onto the queue which the QueueProcessor then executes in its own thread.
The executing FooCommand places a BarCommand onto the queue.
Assuming that the maximum allowed threads was only 1 thread, the QueueProcessor would be in a deadlocked state since the FooCommand is infinitely waiting for the BarCommand to complete.
How can this situation be managed? Is a queue object the right object for the job? Are there any checks and balances that can be put into place to resolve this issue?
Many thanks. ( application uses C# .NET 3.0 ) | 2008/09/24 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/125812",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/14515/"
] | You could redesign things so that FooCommand doesn't use the queue to run BarCommand but runs it directly, or you could split FooCommand into two, and have the first half stop immediately after queueing BarCommand, and have BarCommand queue the second have of FooCommand after it's done its work. | If you are building the Queue object yourself there are a few things you can try:
1. Dynamically add new service threads. Use a timer and add a thread if the available thread count has been zero for too long.
2. If a command is trying to queue another command and wait for the result then you should synchronously execute the second command in the same thread. If the first thread simply waits for the second you won't get a concurrency benefit anyway. |
125,812 | I am investigating the design of a work queue processor where the QueueProcessor retrieves a Command Pattern object from the Queue and executes it in a new thread.
I am trying to get my head around a potential Queue lockup scenario where nested Commands may result in a deadlock.
E.G.
A FooCommand object is placed onto the queue which the QueueProcessor then executes in its own thread.
The executing FooCommand places a BarCommand onto the queue.
Assuming that the maximum allowed threads was only 1 thread, the QueueProcessor would be in a deadlocked state since the FooCommand is infinitely waiting for the BarCommand to complete.
How can this situation be managed? Is a queue object the right object for the job? Are there any checks and balances that can be put into place to resolve this issue?
Many thanks. ( application uses C# .NET 3.0 ) | 2008/09/24 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/125812",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/14515/"
] | Queuing implicitly assumes an asynchronous execution model. By waiting for the command to exit, you are working synchronously.
Maybe you can split up the commands in three parts: FooCommand1 that executes until the BarCommand has to be sent, BarCommand and finally FooCommand2 that continues after BarCommand has finished. These three commands can be queued separately. Of course, BarCommand should make sure that FooCommand2 is queued. | If you are building the Queue object yourself there are a few things you can try:
1. Dynamically add new service threads. Use a timer and add a thread if the available thread count has been zero for too long.
2. If a command is trying to queue another command and wait for the result then you should synchronously execute the second command in the same thread. If the first thread simply waits for the second you won't get a concurrency benefit anyway. |
86,336 | any chance that wireless access point, wrt54g type with ddwrt, could cause a cisco router to go buggy and drop dhcp requests and other network issues?
looking for some advice as the units are within a foot of each other and this is turning into a blame game between two companies that installed the equipment.
thanks
gd | 2009/11/19 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/86336",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/90428/"
] | Are these hooked into the same network in anyway (wrt54g goes into the same switch as the router, or the router itself)? If that is the case, maybe you have some **IP conflicts**. If they are both in the same broadcast domain, and are both running dhcp, then when clients request IP addresses you don't know which will answer.
Since the dhcp servers won't know who is given what, you might end up with duplicate IPs.
Physically, the would not interfere with each other. | Logically, if configs are conflicting, sure. Physically located next to each other, I doubt it, unless the Linksys has some hardware malfunctioning in it. Is it possible to just shut off the Linksys temporarily? |
86,336 | any chance that wireless access point, wrt54g type with ddwrt, could cause a cisco router to go buggy and drop dhcp requests and other network issues?
looking for some advice as the units are within a foot of each other and this is turning into a blame game between two companies that installed the equipment.
thanks
gd | 2009/11/19 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/86336",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/90428/"
] | Are these hooked into the same network in anyway (wrt54g goes into the same switch as the router, or the router itself)? If that is the case, maybe you have some **IP conflicts**. If they are both in the same broadcast domain, and are both running dhcp, then when clients request IP addresses you don't know which will answer.
Since the dhcp servers won't know who is given what, you might end up with duplicate IPs.
Physically, the would not interfere with each other. | I once had a device with a flakey powersupply. I don't understand exactly why, but it caused issues with other devices plugged into the same power distribution unit. So, if they are plugged into the same circuit, it is possible you might see something there, but I don't see where the physical location of a Wireless AP would affect a non-wireless device.
THe other issue I have seen, is if a client has a wired and wireless connection, and the connections are set to Bridge for some reason, you can get all kinds of wierd IP duplications with some hardware based DHCP servers. My case was a SonicWall Firewall that I was using as a DHCP, and every time this one consultant was is in the office, I'd start getting IP conflict errors all over the network. The issue was traced back to the consultant's laptop creating a second path in the network that messed with the processing of DHCP requests and acknowledgements. |
86,336 | any chance that wireless access point, wrt54g type with ddwrt, could cause a cisco router to go buggy and drop dhcp requests and other network issues?
looking for some advice as the units are within a foot of each other and this is turning into a blame game between two companies that installed the equipment.
thanks
gd | 2009/11/19 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/86336",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/90428/"
] | Are these hooked into the same network in anyway (wrt54g goes into the same switch as the router, or the router itself)? If that is the case, maybe you have some **IP conflicts**. If they are both in the same broadcast domain, and are both running dhcp, then when clients request IP addresses you don't know which will answer.
Since the dhcp servers won't know who is given what, you might end up with duplicate IPs.
Physically, the would not interfere with each other. | If these devices are 1 foot apart, how long is the patch cable connecting the wireless router to the network? If it is running FastEthernet, there is a minimum 3 feet requirement for patch cables. Anything shorter can cause network connectivity problems. If it is connected to Gigabit, this "rule" doesn't apply, but should still be followed. I would make sure there is a 10 foot patch cable connecting the wireless router to the network. |
21,041 | I like doing bent-over rows. However, I've quickly outgrown my 50lb dumbbell, and am not strong enough yet to do pullups. I haven't any other equipment.
What else can I do to get to the point where I can do pullups? | 2014/12/31 | [
"https://fitness.stackexchange.com/questions/21041",
"https://fitness.stackexchange.com",
"https://fitness.stackexchange.com/users/13510/"
] | Since your goal here is to do pull ups, I'm going to focus more on that then just upper back strengthening as the title requests. There are three major factors that you should focus on improving: weight, strength, and technique.
1. **Lose weight.** Doing cardio to burn fat will make pull ups more manageable, since you have less total weight to physically pull up. You will see biggest gains in this area if you are overweight, but if you are average/skinny, then focus elsewhere.
2. **Assisted Pull Ups**. This has the benefit of building strength and practicing technique. You can accomplish this via a pull up machine, which helps support X amount of your weight, so you can effectively do pull ups at a significantly lighter weight than your bodyweight, and then progressively increase that amount until you have the strength to do unassisted. Requires gym/machine to do.
3. **Resistance Bands**. This is another way to simulate a pull-up without having to do full bodyweight. Attach resistance bands to the ceiling/doorway, sit down, and mimic the pull up. Builds strength, less so for technique. Can be done at home with heavy resistance bands.
4. **Negatives**. Basically you use a chair or other material to help get your chin above the bar, and then slowly lower yourself back down. This helps get you more accustomed to holding your weight and helps improve your strength and technique. Can be done at home with pull up bar and chair.
5. **Pulldowns**. This will help strengthen the muscles, and can be progressively loaded far more than a dumbbell. Downside is it requires a machine.
 | Assuming that you have no other accessibility to additional equipment, as your description implies, I would recommend two things.
**Different angles**:
I would try varying the angles at which you exercise your back with the dumbbells. Varying the angles will allow you to strengthen supporting muscles and tissues that should help in your quest to perform pullups. For example, you may want to look into performing [incline bench pullups](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mPRNmG2CxuY). The important aspect is that your back is at a varied angle. Even if you were to try to raise your back slightly while doing one-arm dumbbell rows, that would help. Most importantly, make sure to protect your lower back by not putting it into an **unsupported** position.
**Body weight movement**:
Additionally, I would look at performing something like [reverse bench pulls](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fk7AdWvlt4Y). Granted, you may not have a bar and exercise ball, but this movement can be done with your feet firmly on the floor and a simple solid immovable table or some other object that you can use to pull yourself up to. Just be extra careful if you use a table that it will not fall on you.
Again, given your limitations, I think the most important thing for you right now is *variation* of movement *with what you currently have*. |
4,516 | After creating a character using the Red Box and convincing my gaming group, all newbies to RPG's, to roll characters using the Red Box, I discovered that the Red Box doesn't seem to have an upgrade path for these characters. Is there an official or published method of leveling these chracters? | 2010/11/15 | [
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/questions/4516",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/users/811/"
] | In the Dungeon Master's Book, the book contains instructions on how to level as per this [link](http://www.therpgsite.com/showthread.php?t=18583). If you're interested in having them level all the way to thirty, you'll need to grab the book "Heroes of the Fallen Lands".
Characters created as part of the Red Box are first level characters as presented in HoFL. HoFL presents more options to the first level character though, and so players should be allowed to retrain if they wish. Beyond that, use the level progression from HoFL for your red box characters. | Although Brians answer was very helpful in pointing me in the right direction I was still a little confused about where to go after the new Red Box and what the relationship was between books like Heroes of the Fallen Lands and The Players Handbook and Dungeon Masters Guide. The Wizards web site is extremely unhelpful imo but I eventually found out what I was after by reading a number of product reviews. I thought I'd post it here in case its useful to others.
The New Red Box is part of a product line called "D&D Essentials" that is specifically aimed at the new player, not the seasoned warhorse. The Essentials line is also intended to be a slimmer, cheaper, more portable way into D&D. The books are "gazette" or "graphic novel" size and paperback instead of the larger hardback core set. The Essentials line is compatible with Core D&D4 books but may contain different options and character classes typically have fewer options. The Essentials line consists of the following:
* The New Red Box
* Heroes of the Fallen Lands
* Heroes of the Forgotten Kingdoms
* Rules Compendium
* Dungeon Master’s Kit
* Monster Vault
* Dungeon Tiles Master Sets
The "Heroes of" books each contain 5 character class builds and 5 races. The classes builds are tailored with a specific style in mind and so have fewer option which is less flexible but prevents the new player creating ineffective characters. The Rules Compendium contains all the core rules but apparently has been redesigned so that it easy to browse during play. The other products are box sets and typically contain another map sheet, more character tokens and an adventure.
So to answer my own question the Essentials line relates to the core books by presenting a different entry point to the same system. Character generation is streamlined but fully compatible. All adventures in the Essentials line take place in the same world, the adventure in the Dungeon Master's Kit taking place directly after the events from the Red Box. |
40,794 | I am collaborating with a foreign author. As I am still pursuing my degree, I have to add my supervisor's name in that paper, even though my supervisor has not contributed to the preparation of this manuscript.
How should I ask my collaborator (foreign author) to include my supervisor's name as a third author? I need some help in this.
**Edited:** As my supervisor has told me to add his name, I am obliged to add. I have no other options left. I am asking how should I write and request to my collaborator to include my supervisor name in the manuscript. Also, I am afraid whether my collaborator will feel odd or bad if I request him to do that.
Please help me: what should I say to my collaborator so that he may give third authorship to my supervisor? | 2015/03/01 | [
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/40794",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/users/13294/"
] | Like many questions from graduate students, I believe a possible answer to "How should I write and request to my collaborator to include my supervisor's name in the manuscript?" is "Ask your supervisor.".
The question to ask is something like this: "I'm about to write to Foreign Author to get your name added to the paper. What should I list as your main contributions to it?"
If the collaborator finds the result reasonably convincing, the supervisor's name gets added. If not, it is not your fault. | If I were your collaborator on this paper, I would refuse to add the supervisor's name no matter how you asked. The only reason I would consider adding it is if the supervisor had actually made a contribution commensurate with authorship (if that were the case, you should have mentioned this to your collaborator a lot earlier, rather than pretending that you had done the work).
One way of cutting the Gordian knot is to have your supervisor do some significant work on rewriting or expanding the paper. But, if I were your collaborator, I would need to be convinced that such rewriting/expanding would make the paper better.
And, by the way, your claim that your supervisor must be a co-author on every paper you write is utter nonsense. Any supervisor claiming this to be the case is acting unprofessionally and unethically. |
40,794 | I am collaborating with a foreign author. As I am still pursuing my degree, I have to add my supervisor's name in that paper, even though my supervisor has not contributed to the preparation of this manuscript.
How should I ask my collaborator (foreign author) to include my supervisor's name as a third author? I need some help in this.
**Edited:** As my supervisor has told me to add his name, I am obliged to add. I have no other options left. I am asking how should I write and request to my collaborator to include my supervisor name in the manuscript. Also, I am afraid whether my collaborator will feel odd or bad if I request him to do that.
Please help me: what should I say to my collaborator so that he may give third authorship to my supervisor? | 2015/03/01 | [
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/40794",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/users/13294/"
] | Like many questions from graduate students, I believe a possible answer to "How should I write and request to my collaborator to include my supervisor's name in the manuscript?" is "Ask your supervisor.".
The question to ask is something like this: "I'm about to write to Foreign Author to get your name added to the paper. What should I list as your main contributions to it?"
If the collaborator finds the result reasonably convincing, the supervisor's name gets added. If not, it is not your fault. | After you have asserted that your supervisor really merits coauthorship, you could simply write to your collaborator:
"dear collaborator, could you please add [supervisor name] as coauthor? [supervisor name] has contributed to the research in this and this way. Thanks!" |
40,794 | I am collaborating with a foreign author. As I am still pursuing my degree, I have to add my supervisor's name in that paper, even though my supervisor has not contributed to the preparation of this manuscript.
How should I ask my collaborator (foreign author) to include my supervisor's name as a third author? I need some help in this.
**Edited:** As my supervisor has told me to add his name, I am obliged to add. I have no other options left. I am asking how should I write and request to my collaborator to include my supervisor name in the manuscript. Also, I am afraid whether my collaborator will feel odd or bad if I request him to do that.
Please help me: what should I say to my collaborator so that he may give third authorship to my supervisor? | 2015/03/01 | [
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/40794",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/users/13294/"
] | You're in a difficult position and there aren't a lot of good options here. Your adivsor is wrong to have put you in this situation. From an ethical perspective, I think it would be wrong to have your supervisor as an author on this paper. On the other hand, you also clearly feel that you have no choice in the matter and feel that standing up to your advisor on this issue is not worth the trouble it would cause. Ultimately, that is your decision to make.
The best course at this point is to set up an honest conversation with your collaborator. I would do it over the phone or video chat. Explain the situation clearly and completely (just as you have here) and explain that you feel like you've been put into a difficult situation.
If your collaborator is also uncomfortable and is willing to be the "bad guy" by going on record as putting their foot down on the ethical issue of authorship (even if they are more open to the possibility than that), you might have a solution.
In that case, you can go back to your advisor and say that you asked your collaborator to put their name on the paper and that your collaborator pointed out that according to their university's and/or funder's rules and/or their own personal convictions, they felt that it would be wrong. The policies and rules bit is almost always true because basically all rules on these subjects say that co-authorship in these situations is wrong. Tell your advisor that you did your best but you could not get your collaborator to budge on the issue. Your advisor may be mad, but they won't be mad at you.
If your collaborator is not willing to potentially annoy your advisor, an in-person conversation will at least allow you to make it clear that you're not comfortable with the situation either. At that point, the two of you will have to decide what to do.
I'm sorry you've been put into a such a tricky place. | After you have asserted that your supervisor really merits coauthorship, you could simply write to your collaborator:
"dear collaborator, could you please add [supervisor name] as coauthor? [supervisor name] has contributed to the research in this and this way. Thanks!" |
40,794 | I am collaborating with a foreign author. As I am still pursuing my degree, I have to add my supervisor's name in that paper, even though my supervisor has not contributed to the preparation of this manuscript.
How should I ask my collaborator (foreign author) to include my supervisor's name as a third author? I need some help in this.
**Edited:** As my supervisor has told me to add his name, I am obliged to add. I have no other options left. I am asking how should I write and request to my collaborator to include my supervisor name in the manuscript. Also, I am afraid whether my collaborator will feel odd or bad if I request him to do that.
Please help me: what should I say to my collaborator so that he may give third authorship to my supervisor? | 2015/03/01 | [
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/40794",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/users/13294/"
] | If your supervisor has made no contribution, and there was no discussion with your collaborator about your supervisor, and especially if the work is already done, you should have another conversation with your supervisor as they should not be on the paper.
The only way I could see you asking the collaborator is by saying something along the lines of, as long as it is true:
>
> My time dedicated to our collaboration, and the knowledge I brought to
> the project was only possible by the advice of my advisor and the
> funding I have been paid with. Would you feel comfortable with adding
> my supervisor on the paper?
>
>
>
You may just be in a difficult situation in which there is not win. If you do try to force your supervisors name, you may ruin any relationship with your collaborator. If they have any position in the academic field, you may be making a bad name for yourself. You may also burn bridges with your advisor, but the story would sound bad if your advisor said he could not force you to unethically add his name to your collaborators paper. | It sounds like your colleague is the "corresponding author" on the paper, and therefore is the one who has the ability to say who should or should not be a co-author on the paper.
Consequently, depending on your co-author's seniority (relative to your advisor), he may have the ability to decline your advisor's demands on the grounds that he has not participated in the preparation of the manuscript. While your advisor can force *you* to list him, he can't force someone else to include him as a co-author. |
40,794 | I am collaborating with a foreign author. As I am still pursuing my degree, I have to add my supervisor's name in that paper, even though my supervisor has not contributed to the preparation of this manuscript.
How should I ask my collaborator (foreign author) to include my supervisor's name as a third author? I need some help in this.
**Edited:** As my supervisor has told me to add his name, I am obliged to add. I have no other options left. I am asking how should I write and request to my collaborator to include my supervisor name in the manuscript. Also, I am afraid whether my collaborator will feel odd or bad if I request him to do that.
Please help me: what should I say to my collaborator so that he may give third authorship to my supervisor? | 2015/03/01 | [
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/40794",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/users/13294/"
] | While conventions vary greatly from field to field, if your supervisor has made literally no contribution, he or she should not be listed as an author. There is been plenty of discussion here of this issue; see e.g.
* [Co-authorship for not very involved supervisor](https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/6130/co-authorship-for-not-very-involved-supervisor)
* [When should a supervisor be an author?](https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/644/when-should-a-supervisor-be-an-author)
* [What are the minimum contributions required for co-authorship](https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/12030/what-are-the-minimum-contributions-required-for-co-authorship) | It sounds like your colleague is the "corresponding author" on the paper, and therefore is the one who has the ability to say who should or should not be a co-author on the paper.
Consequently, depending on your co-author's seniority (relative to your advisor), he may have the ability to decline your advisor's demands on the grounds that he has not participated in the preparation of the manuscript. While your advisor can force *you* to list him, he can't force someone else to include him as a co-author. |
40,794 | I am collaborating with a foreign author. As I am still pursuing my degree, I have to add my supervisor's name in that paper, even though my supervisor has not contributed to the preparation of this manuscript.
How should I ask my collaborator (foreign author) to include my supervisor's name as a third author? I need some help in this.
**Edited:** As my supervisor has told me to add his name, I am obliged to add. I have no other options left. I am asking how should I write and request to my collaborator to include my supervisor name in the manuscript. Also, I am afraid whether my collaborator will feel odd or bad if I request him to do that.
Please help me: what should I say to my collaborator so that he may give third authorship to my supervisor? | 2015/03/01 | [
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/40794",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/users/13294/"
] | While conventions vary greatly from field to field, if your supervisor has made literally no contribution, he or she should not be listed as an author. There is been plenty of discussion here of this issue; see e.g.
* [Co-authorship for not very involved supervisor](https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/6130/co-authorship-for-not-very-involved-supervisor)
* [When should a supervisor be an author?](https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/644/when-should-a-supervisor-be-an-author)
* [What are the minimum contributions required for co-authorship](https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/12030/what-are-the-minimum-contributions-required-for-co-authorship) | If your supervisor has made no contribution, and there was no discussion with your collaborator about your supervisor, and especially if the work is already done, you should have another conversation with your supervisor as they should not be on the paper.
The only way I could see you asking the collaborator is by saying something along the lines of, as long as it is true:
>
> My time dedicated to our collaboration, and the knowledge I brought to
> the project was only possible by the advice of my advisor and the
> funding I have been paid with. Would you feel comfortable with adding
> my supervisor on the paper?
>
>
>
You may just be in a difficult situation in which there is not win. If you do try to force your supervisors name, you may ruin any relationship with your collaborator. If they have any position in the academic field, you may be making a bad name for yourself. You may also burn bridges with your advisor, but the story would sound bad if your advisor said he could not force you to unethically add his name to your collaborators paper. |
40,794 | I am collaborating with a foreign author. As I am still pursuing my degree, I have to add my supervisor's name in that paper, even though my supervisor has not contributed to the preparation of this manuscript.
How should I ask my collaborator (foreign author) to include my supervisor's name as a third author? I need some help in this.
**Edited:** As my supervisor has told me to add his name, I am obliged to add. I have no other options left. I am asking how should I write and request to my collaborator to include my supervisor name in the manuscript. Also, I am afraid whether my collaborator will feel odd or bad if I request him to do that.
Please help me: what should I say to my collaborator so that he may give third authorship to my supervisor? | 2015/03/01 | [
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/40794",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/users/13294/"
] | You're in a difficult position and there aren't a lot of good options here. Your adivsor is wrong to have put you in this situation. From an ethical perspective, I think it would be wrong to have your supervisor as an author on this paper. On the other hand, you also clearly feel that you have no choice in the matter and feel that standing up to your advisor on this issue is not worth the trouble it would cause. Ultimately, that is your decision to make.
The best course at this point is to set up an honest conversation with your collaborator. I would do it over the phone or video chat. Explain the situation clearly and completely (just as you have here) and explain that you feel like you've been put into a difficult situation.
If your collaborator is also uncomfortable and is willing to be the "bad guy" by going on record as putting their foot down on the ethical issue of authorship (even if they are more open to the possibility than that), you might have a solution.
In that case, you can go back to your advisor and say that you asked your collaborator to put their name on the paper and that your collaborator pointed out that according to their university's and/or funder's rules and/or their own personal convictions, they felt that it would be wrong. The policies and rules bit is almost always true because basically all rules on these subjects say that co-authorship in these situations is wrong. Tell your advisor that you did your best but you could not get your collaborator to budge on the issue. Your advisor may be mad, but they won't be mad at you.
If your collaborator is not willing to potentially annoy your advisor, an in-person conversation will at least allow you to make it clear that you're not comfortable with the situation either. At that point, the two of you will have to decide what to do.
I'm sorry you've been put into a such a tricky place. | Like many questions from graduate students, I believe a possible answer to "How should I write and request to my collaborator to include my supervisor's name in the manuscript?" is "Ask your supervisor.".
The question to ask is something like this: "I'm about to write to Foreign Author to get your name added to the paper. What should I list as your main contributions to it?"
If the collaborator finds the result reasonably convincing, the supervisor's name gets added. If not, it is not your fault. |
40,794 | I am collaborating with a foreign author. As I am still pursuing my degree, I have to add my supervisor's name in that paper, even though my supervisor has not contributed to the preparation of this manuscript.
How should I ask my collaborator (foreign author) to include my supervisor's name as a third author? I need some help in this.
**Edited:** As my supervisor has told me to add his name, I am obliged to add. I have no other options left. I am asking how should I write and request to my collaborator to include my supervisor name in the manuscript. Also, I am afraid whether my collaborator will feel odd or bad if I request him to do that.
Please help me: what should I say to my collaborator so that he may give third authorship to my supervisor? | 2015/03/01 | [
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/40794",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/users/13294/"
] | While conventions vary greatly from field to field, if your supervisor has made literally no contribution, he or she should not be listed as an author. There is been plenty of discussion here of this issue; see e.g.
* [Co-authorship for not very involved supervisor](https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/6130/co-authorship-for-not-very-involved-supervisor)
* [When should a supervisor be an author?](https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/644/when-should-a-supervisor-be-an-author)
* [What are the minimum contributions required for co-authorship](https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/12030/what-are-the-minimum-contributions-required-for-co-authorship) | Like many questions from graduate students, I believe a possible answer to "How should I write and request to my collaborator to include my supervisor's name in the manuscript?" is "Ask your supervisor.".
The question to ask is something like this: "I'm about to write to Foreign Author to get your name added to the paper. What should I list as your main contributions to it?"
If the collaborator finds the result reasonably convincing, the supervisor's name gets added. If not, it is not your fault. |
40,794 | I am collaborating with a foreign author. As I am still pursuing my degree, I have to add my supervisor's name in that paper, even though my supervisor has not contributed to the preparation of this manuscript.
How should I ask my collaborator (foreign author) to include my supervisor's name as a third author? I need some help in this.
**Edited:** As my supervisor has told me to add his name, I am obliged to add. I have no other options left. I am asking how should I write and request to my collaborator to include my supervisor name in the manuscript. Also, I am afraid whether my collaborator will feel odd or bad if I request him to do that.
Please help me: what should I say to my collaborator so that he may give third authorship to my supervisor? | 2015/03/01 | [
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/40794",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/users/13294/"
] | If your supervisor has made no contribution, and there was no discussion with your collaborator about your supervisor, and especially if the work is already done, you should have another conversation with your supervisor as they should not be on the paper.
The only way I could see you asking the collaborator is by saying something along the lines of, as long as it is true:
>
> My time dedicated to our collaboration, and the knowledge I brought to
> the project was only possible by the advice of my advisor and the
> funding I have been paid with. Would you feel comfortable with adding
> my supervisor on the paper?
>
>
>
You may just be in a difficult situation in which there is not win. If you do try to force your supervisors name, you may ruin any relationship with your collaborator. If they have any position in the academic field, you may be making a bad name for yourself. You may also burn bridges with your advisor, but the story would sound bad if your advisor said he could not force you to unethically add his name to your collaborators paper. | If I were your collaborator on this paper, I would refuse to add the supervisor's name no matter how you asked. The only reason I would consider adding it is if the supervisor had actually made a contribution commensurate with authorship (if that were the case, you should have mentioned this to your collaborator a lot earlier, rather than pretending that you had done the work).
One way of cutting the Gordian knot is to have your supervisor do some significant work on rewriting or expanding the paper. But, if I were your collaborator, I would need to be convinced that such rewriting/expanding would make the paper better.
And, by the way, your claim that your supervisor must be a co-author on every paper you write is utter nonsense. Any supervisor claiming this to be the case is acting unprofessionally and unethically. |
40,794 | I am collaborating with a foreign author. As I am still pursuing my degree, I have to add my supervisor's name in that paper, even though my supervisor has not contributed to the preparation of this manuscript.
How should I ask my collaborator (foreign author) to include my supervisor's name as a third author? I need some help in this.
**Edited:** As my supervisor has told me to add his name, I am obliged to add. I have no other options left. I am asking how should I write and request to my collaborator to include my supervisor name in the manuscript. Also, I am afraid whether my collaborator will feel odd or bad if I request him to do that.
Please help me: what should I say to my collaborator so that he may give third authorship to my supervisor? | 2015/03/01 | [
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/40794",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/users/13294/"
] | If your supervisor has made no contribution, and there was no discussion with your collaborator about your supervisor, and especially if the work is already done, you should have another conversation with your supervisor as they should not be on the paper.
The only way I could see you asking the collaborator is by saying something along the lines of, as long as it is true:
>
> My time dedicated to our collaboration, and the knowledge I brought to
> the project was only possible by the advice of my advisor and the
> funding I have been paid with. Would you feel comfortable with adding
> my supervisor on the paper?
>
>
>
You may just be in a difficult situation in which there is not win. If you do try to force your supervisors name, you may ruin any relationship with your collaborator. If they have any position in the academic field, you may be making a bad name for yourself. You may also burn bridges with your advisor, but the story would sound bad if your advisor said he could not force you to unethically add his name to your collaborators paper. | After you have asserted that your supervisor really merits coauthorship, you could simply write to your collaborator:
"dear collaborator, could you please add [supervisor name] as coauthor? [supervisor name] has contributed to the research in this and this way. Thanks!" |
1,254,657 | I am having a problem with a UITextField's text being blurred/anti-aliased even with a standard font size. The text will appear crisp when the control is the first responder, but blurred again when it loses focus:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/kmcmI.png)
(source: [mikeweller.com](http://www.mikeweller.com/images/blog/UITextFieldBlur.png))
Does anybody know how to fix this? | 2009/08/10 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1254657",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/49658/"
] | In addition to using non-fractional positioning one should make sure to use a non-centered vertical alignment for the UITextField. Looks like centered vertical alignment in combination with an odd font size results in blurred text, too. | i tried using CGRectIntegral and stuff. In my case changing min font size and font size in IB did it. |
1,254,657 | I am having a problem with a UITextField's text being blurred/anti-aliased even with a standard font size. The text will appear crisp when the control is the first responder, but blurred again when it loses focus:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/kmcmI.png)
(source: [mikeweller.com](http://www.mikeweller.com/images/blog/UITextFieldBlur.png))
Does anybody know how to fix this? | 2009/08/10 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1254657",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/49658/"
] | Use [CGRectIntegral](http://developer.apple.com/IPhone/library/documentation/GraphicsImaging/Reference/CGGeometry/Reference/reference.html#//apple_ref/c/func/CGRectIntegral) to make sure the text fields' frames are based on integer coordinates. You'll get fuzzy antialiasing when things lie on fractional coordinates. | i tried using CGRectIntegral and stuff. In my case changing min font size and font size in IB did it. |
485,518 | When working in VS2008 (C#) does VS2008 silently crash for anybody when working with WPF? If I touch the XAML it is most likely to crash. I can come back in, clean, then build, then run and it work until I have to touch the XAML again. Then start over again.
It is a solution with about 12 projects in it.
Thanks,
jeff | 2009/01/27 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/485518",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/59546/"
] | SP1 solves a bit of the crashes, but indeed it crashes a lot. Especially when you mix and match winforms + WPF. The crashes alone were a reason to stick with winforms for a while for us ... | I know, it's not nice, but simply cleaning the solution works for me. At least until the next restart of VS, but until then you shouldn't get any crashes. |
485,518 | When working in VS2008 (C#) does VS2008 silently crash for anybody when working with WPF? If I touch the XAML it is most likely to crash. I can come back in, clean, then build, then run and it work until I have to touch the XAML again. Then start over again.
It is a solution with about 12 projects in it.
Thanks,
jeff | 2009/01/27 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/485518",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/59546/"
] | I found the problem to be with the AnkhSvn plug-in. I went to a nightlybuild and it is working good now. Anything above 2.0.6110.379. | I and some other people at my company have had a lot of problems when editing a resource dictionary and while a XAML window that uses that resource dictionary is open. Moral of the story, close all XAML windows if you're going to edit a resource dictionary. |
485,518 | When working in VS2008 (C#) does VS2008 silently crash for anybody when working with WPF? If I touch the XAML it is most likely to crash. I can come back in, clean, then build, then run and it work until I have to touch the XAML again. Then start over again.
It is a solution with about 12 projects in it.
Thanks,
jeff | 2009/01/27 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/485518",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/59546/"
] | <https://connect.microsoft.com/VisualStudio/feedback/ViewFeedback.aspx?FeedbackID=375594>
Workaround:
Found real workaround at <http://www.dotnet6.com/blogs/wesley_walraeve/archive/2008/10/22/visual-studio-2008-sp1-crashes-toolbox-gt-choose-items.aspx>, which was removing TFS Power Commands 2008. Other people have had to remove other things. | We suffer the same problems... I noticed that resharper makes things worse for the WPF editor from time to time...
Ah well.. a daily VS crash keeps the doctor away ? |
485,518 | When working in VS2008 (C#) does VS2008 silently crash for anybody when working with WPF? If I touch the XAML it is most likely to crash. I can come back in, clean, then build, then run and it work until I have to touch the XAML again. Then start over again.
It is a solution with about 12 projects in it.
Thanks,
jeff | 2009/01/27 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/485518",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/59546/"
] | <https://connect.microsoft.com/VisualStudio/feedback/ViewFeedback.aspx?FeedbackID=375594>
Workaround:
Found real workaround at <http://www.dotnet6.com/blogs/wesley_walraeve/archive/2008/10/22/visual-studio-2008-sp1-crashes-toolbox-gt-choose-items.aspx>, which was removing TFS Power Commands 2008. Other people have had to remove other things. | I and some other people at my company have had a lot of problems when editing a resource dictionary and while a XAML window that uses that resource dictionary is open. Moral of the story, close all XAML windows if you're going to edit a resource dictionary. |
485,518 | When working in VS2008 (C#) does VS2008 silently crash for anybody when working with WPF? If I touch the XAML it is most likely to crash. I can come back in, clean, then build, then run and it work until I have to touch the XAML again. Then start over again.
It is a solution with about 12 projects in it.
Thanks,
jeff | 2009/01/27 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/485518",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/59546/"
] | <https://connect.microsoft.com/VisualStudio/feedback/ViewFeedback.aspx?FeedbackID=375594>
Workaround:
Found real workaround at <http://www.dotnet6.com/blogs/wesley_walraeve/archive/2008/10/22/visual-studio-2008-sp1-crashes-toolbox-gt-choose-items.aspx>, which was removing TFS Power Commands 2008. Other people have had to remove other things. | VS crashes at my computer very often: several times per day when I work with WPF. But usually it stops responding and I don't remember it to crash silently. |
485,518 | When working in VS2008 (C#) does VS2008 silently crash for anybody when working with WPF? If I touch the XAML it is most likely to crash. I can come back in, clean, then build, then run and it work until I have to touch the XAML again. Then start over again.
It is a solution with about 12 projects in it.
Thanks,
jeff | 2009/01/27 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/485518",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/59546/"
] | <https://connect.microsoft.com/VisualStudio/feedback/ViewFeedback.aspx?FeedbackID=375594>
Workaround:
Found real workaround at <http://www.dotnet6.com/blogs/wesley_walraeve/archive/2008/10/22/visual-studio-2008-sp1-crashes-toolbox-gt-choose-items.aspx>, which was removing TFS Power Commands 2008. Other people have had to remove other things. | I know, it's not nice, but simply cleaning the solution works for me. At least until the next restart of VS, but until then you shouldn't get any crashes. |
485,518 | When working in VS2008 (C#) does VS2008 silently crash for anybody when working with WPF? If I touch the XAML it is most likely to crash. I can come back in, clean, then build, then run and it work until I have to touch the XAML again. Then start over again.
It is a solution with about 12 projects in it.
Thanks,
jeff | 2009/01/27 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/485518",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/59546/"
] | I found the problem to be with the AnkhSvn plug-in. I went to a nightlybuild and it is working good now. Anything above 2.0.6110.379. | We suffer the same problems... I noticed that resharper makes things worse for the WPF editor from time to time...
Ah well.. a daily VS crash keeps the doctor away ? |
485,518 | When working in VS2008 (C#) does VS2008 silently crash for anybody when working with WPF? If I touch the XAML it is most likely to crash. I can come back in, clean, then build, then run and it work until I have to touch the XAML again. Then start over again.
It is a solution with about 12 projects in it.
Thanks,
jeff | 2009/01/27 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/485518",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/59546/"
] | I found the problem to be with the AnkhSvn plug-in. I went to a nightlybuild and it is working good now. Anything above 2.0.6110.379. | VS crashes at my computer very often: several times per day when I work with WPF. But usually it stops responding and I don't remember it to crash silently. |
485,518 | When working in VS2008 (C#) does VS2008 silently crash for anybody when working with WPF? If I touch the XAML it is most likely to crash. I can come back in, clean, then build, then run and it work until I have to touch the XAML again. Then start over again.
It is a solution with about 12 projects in it.
Thanks,
jeff | 2009/01/27 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/485518",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/59546/"
] | I found the problem to be with the AnkhSvn plug-in. I went to a nightlybuild and it is working good now. Anything above 2.0.6110.379. | I know, it's not nice, but simply cleaning the solution works for me. At least until the next restart of VS, but until then you shouldn't get any crashes. |
485,518 | When working in VS2008 (C#) does VS2008 silently crash for anybody when working with WPF? If I touch the XAML it is most likely to crash. I can come back in, clean, then build, then run and it work until I have to touch the XAML again. Then start over again.
It is a solution with about 12 projects in it.
Thanks,
jeff | 2009/01/27 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/485518",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/59546/"
] | SP1 solves a bit of the crashes, but indeed it crashes a lot. Especially when you mix and match winforms + WPF. The crashes alone were a reason to stick with winforms for a while for us ... | We suffer the same problems... I noticed that resharper makes things worse for the WPF editor from time to time...
Ah well.. a daily VS crash keeps the doctor away ? |
106,876 | Since taking a job about year ago as a senior developer, I've seen my fair share of work that, let's just say, is less than stellar. The company is full of developers (for the sake of this question their name is "Joe") and Joe does things that do not follow proper procedures, break quite often and create lots of maintenance work to get running again. I'm usually the guy they go to to figure out the problem, and I can spend days trying to peel away their stupidity. Joe is not a direct report of my manager either, my manager understands my pain, but doesn't do much more than that.
It's not that Joe is a bad employee, he works hard and is well respected in the company. He's just not up with the times with modern software development, and some of the key decisions he makes are making things more difficult for lots of people (not just me).
I've also approached Joe before with an offer of, "Hey, have you ever seen this, you should check it out, I'll be happy to walk you through it". It was quickly rejected.
I'm frustrated, because I know better ways to do these things, things that have a proven track record in my previous companies as working. I was hired to bring these ideas to my immediate group, but I'm finding my job stretches out to Joe's work as well often enough that I'm getting pretty fed up having to deal with his work.
My question is, how open should I be about Joe concerning their shoddy work?
Do I?
* Go to his boss with the basic idea of "Joe does shoddy work, he should be doing X, Y, Z, can I help?". From the conversations I've had with Joe's boss, he'd probably be greatly concerned these processes are not being followed.
* Have a direct conversation with Joe and basically tell him in nicer words, "Dude! your work sucks".
* Should I just stay quiet and be the voice of reason when it is asked of me?
Please help. | 2018/02/19 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/106876",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/82381/"
] | Whether imagined or not, I detect a lack of tact here. If your goal is to improve Joe's work, and not just to blow off steam, you should think of another approach. You should be careful not to come across as a prima donna or know-it-all. Most devs think they write the world's best code, and all but one are wrong.
Instead of pointing out how crappy Joe's work is - to either him or his manager - consider sitting down with Joe to discuss the issues that you're seeing and to suggest alternative approaches that will be easier for everyone - not just you. If you try to initiate a genuine discussion by saying that his work product sucks, Joe will naturally become defensive and you will lose your opportunity.
Instead, show him the benefits - *from his perspective!* - of doing X, Y, and Z. If you can get across to him that you want to help *him* do *his* job better, you have a better chance of succeeding.
If that doesn't work, well... then you can talk with his manager. But going about it this way establishes your good faith and shows that you are trying to solve a problem, not make yourself look better at his employee's expense. | You are in an unenviable situation. I take it that since you are senior developer, you are responsible for technical delivery of the module/sub-system. If that is the case, any failing of the module/sub-system would be attributed to you. In this case, it is only logical that you assume all responsibility and take charge of the module/sub-system. First, you must take charge of your team (it does not matter if there are members who report to other managers).
You should be the one to tell them what to do and tell them, every morning in a standup meeting and then document it and send it across. Then track the variance, which actually is part of your responsibility. Send note to developers who have had variance and be clear, detailed and explicit about it.
This brings discipline to the team and their work. If there is a regression break, mention that in your mail and fix responsibility on the person to fix it.
This way, not only will you be driving a better process, you shall also be accumulating evidence against 'Joe' and his incompetence. Yes, if you can't help Joe to help himself, you have to get rid of him.
Once you have sufficient evidence, take it to your boss and ask for a replacement for Joe.
Your situation unfortunately calls you to be more of a manager than a pure engineer in this case; regrettable but a reality none the less. |
293,371 | I am trying to migrate an old VS2005 application to VS2010. I am trying to debug that application, but after I cleaned the project then tried to build it, MSVSMON.exe failed to start and an error message appears.
Any ideas? Googling around I find that I am trying to debug a 32bit app in a 64bit debbuger?
Cleaning the project does not fix that problem? | 2011/06/06 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/293371",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/27760/"
] | >
> In Regedit, navigate to
> HKEY\_LOCAL\_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa
>
>
> Right-click Lsa and create a new DWORD
>
>
> value Name it DisableLoopbackCheck Set its value to 1
>
>
> Reboot (instead, I killed the msvsmon.exe process and restarted Visual Studio)
>
>
>
Check also the comment of soandos I use that also!
So many years and windows still uses regedit! | Windows 7 x64, VS 2012, VB.NET
I fixed it like this:-
1. Create a shortcut on your desktop to "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 11.0\Common7\IDE\Remote Debugger\x64\msvsmon.exe".
2. Right-click shortcut and select "Properties" from the dropdown menu. Select the "Compatibity" tab, tick "Run this program as administrator" and click OK
3. Create a shortcut on your desktop to "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 11.0\Common7\IDE\devenv.exe".
4. Right-click shortcut and select "Properties" from the dropdown menu. Select the "Compatibity" tab, tick "Run this program as administrator" and click OK.
To start VS2012:-
1. Double-click the msvsmon shortcut icon (that you created above, to launch msvsmon). Wait for the "Visual Studio Remote Debugging Monitor (Administrator)" window to display before continuing ...
2. Double-click the "Visual Studio 2012 Professional" shortcut icon (that you created above, to launch VS2012)
3. In VS2012, ensure standard toolbar is visible.
4. In VS2012, ensure "Solution Platforms" dropdown (on standard toolbar) is visible and set to "x86".
and debug now works (for me anyway) ...
However after 15 minutes or so, debug may stop working and you may get the msvsmon error again. If that happens, simply close VS2012 and msvsmon and then start again (from "To start VS2012:-" above) ... |
30,325 | On Earth, the presence of tides due to the Sun and Moon influence certain currents and other movements of water. This in turn leads to different forms of erosion, which can transform a landscape.
I'm working on a moon that's tidally locked to a planet - pretty much identical to the Earth-Moon system, except that the moon is slightly more massive, and has an atmosphere, water, and life (thanks in part to a magnetic field).
How will the tidal locking - meaning a lack of tides - influence the geography of this moon? Will erosion rates be different? Will that land be shaped differently? | 2015/11/23 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/30325",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/627/"
] | I don't think you'll get a magnetic field without faster rotation, and month-long sidereal day is not up to it.
Without tides from the primary you'll still have solar tides and tides from other moons (as with Pluto/Charon + 3 "regular" moons) and any libration if the orbit is not exactly circular and exactly over the equator.
You get erosion from rain on the mountains weathering the rocks, and wind blowing sand. It doesn't need coastal erosion only. I think the overall quantity of weathering will vary more due to the kinds of rocks and weather patters, so you can tune for proper feedback even without tides.
The overall plate tectonics, mantle convention, and geologic processes don't have any influence from monthly tides. | I do not think tides have any considerable role in forming the landscape. An influence of storms and weather patterns in general is much stronger.
For example, consider Black Sea which had no visible tides for few last Mys. You cannot tell the difference from any other seashore in a similar climatic area. |
30,325 | On Earth, the presence of tides due to the Sun and Moon influence certain currents and other movements of water. This in turn leads to different forms of erosion, which can transform a landscape.
I'm working on a moon that's tidally locked to a planet - pretty much identical to the Earth-Moon system, except that the moon is slightly more massive, and has an atmosphere, water, and life (thanks in part to a magnetic field).
How will the tidal locking - meaning a lack of tides - influence the geography of this moon? Will erosion rates be different? Will that land be shaped differently? | 2015/11/23 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/30325",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/627/"
] | The tidal power effects are felt most greatly on larger bodies of water. Although waves are partly influenced by tides, most of their ferocity, and therefore costal erosion, is caused by winds so waves would remain largely unaffected by a tideless environment. Tides don't affect so much ferocity of waves but how far "inland" they travel.
The tides of Lake Superior vary by no more than two inches. On the other side of the spectrum tides on the Bay of Fundy can vary as much as 50 feet. So some parts that in a tidal planet would be wet part of the time would be left high and dry.
The greatest challenge to a tideless planet would not be erosion but the ecological challenges that a diminished churning of the oceans would present. There would be areas of high nutrient concentration bordering on toxic and dead areas almost completely devoid of nutrients.
Hope this helps. | I don't think you'll get a magnetic field without faster rotation, and month-long sidereal day is not up to it.
Without tides from the primary you'll still have solar tides and tides from other moons (as with Pluto/Charon + 3 "regular" moons) and any libration if the orbit is not exactly circular and exactly over the equator.
You get erosion from rain on the mountains weathering the rocks, and wind blowing sand. It doesn't need coastal erosion only. I think the overall quantity of weathering will vary more due to the kinds of rocks and weather patters, so you can tune for proper feedback even without tides.
The overall plate tectonics, mantle convention, and geologic processes don't have any influence from monthly tides. |
30,325 | On Earth, the presence of tides due to the Sun and Moon influence certain currents and other movements of water. This in turn leads to different forms of erosion, which can transform a landscape.
I'm working on a moon that's tidally locked to a planet - pretty much identical to the Earth-Moon system, except that the moon is slightly more massive, and has an atmosphere, water, and life (thanks in part to a magnetic field).
How will the tidal locking - meaning a lack of tides - influence the geography of this moon? Will erosion rates be different? Will that land be shaped differently? | 2015/11/23 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/30325",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/627/"
] | I believe in this case [Sun Tides](http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/tide.html) will become dominant.
>
> Even though the Sun is 391 times as far away from the Earth as the Moon, its force on the Earth is about 175 times as large. Yet its tidal effect is smaller than that of the Moon because tides are caused by the difference in gravity field across the Earth. The Earth's diameter is such a small fraction of the Sun-Earth distance that the gravity field changes by only a factor of 1.00017 across the Earth. The actual force differential across the Earth is 0.00017 x 174.5 = 0.03 times the Moon's force, compared to 0.068 difference across the Earth for the Moon's force. **The actual tidal influence then is then 44% of that of the Moon.**
>
>
>
So while tides will be much less than a non-tidally locked system, it's only by a factor of perhaps 2/3rds. That's enough to still leave significant tides, so I expect you won't see a significant difference in the factors you mention as important - geography, land shape, erosion. | I don't think you'll get a magnetic field without faster rotation, and month-long sidereal day is not up to it.
Without tides from the primary you'll still have solar tides and tides from other moons (as with Pluto/Charon + 3 "regular" moons) and any libration if the orbit is not exactly circular and exactly over the equator.
You get erosion from rain on the mountains weathering the rocks, and wind blowing sand. It doesn't need coastal erosion only. I think the overall quantity of weathering will vary more due to the kinds of rocks and weather patters, so you can tune for proper feedback even without tides.
The overall plate tectonics, mantle convention, and geologic processes don't have any influence from monthly tides. |
30,325 | On Earth, the presence of tides due to the Sun and Moon influence certain currents and other movements of water. This in turn leads to different forms of erosion, which can transform a landscape.
I'm working on a moon that's tidally locked to a planet - pretty much identical to the Earth-Moon system, except that the moon is slightly more massive, and has an atmosphere, water, and life (thanks in part to a magnetic field).
How will the tidal locking - meaning a lack of tides - influence the geography of this moon? Will erosion rates be different? Will that land be shaped differently? | 2015/11/23 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/30325",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/627/"
] | The tidal power effects are felt most greatly on larger bodies of water. Although waves are partly influenced by tides, most of their ferocity, and therefore costal erosion, is caused by winds so waves would remain largely unaffected by a tideless environment. Tides don't affect so much ferocity of waves but how far "inland" they travel.
The tides of Lake Superior vary by no more than two inches. On the other side of the spectrum tides on the Bay of Fundy can vary as much as 50 feet. So some parts that in a tidal planet would be wet part of the time would be left high and dry.
The greatest challenge to a tideless planet would not be erosion but the ecological challenges that a diminished churning of the oceans would present. There would be areas of high nutrient concentration bordering on toxic and dead areas almost completely devoid of nutrients.
Hope this helps. | I do not think tides have any considerable role in forming the landscape. An influence of storms and weather patterns in general is much stronger.
For example, consider Black Sea which had no visible tides for few last Mys. You cannot tell the difference from any other seashore in a similar climatic area. |
30,325 | On Earth, the presence of tides due to the Sun and Moon influence certain currents and other movements of water. This in turn leads to different forms of erosion, which can transform a landscape.
I'm working on a moon that's tidally locked to a planet - pretty much identical to the Earth-Moon system, except that the moon is slightly more massive, and has an atmosphere, water, and life (thanks in part to a magnetic field).
How will the tidal locking - meaning a lack of tides - influence the geography of this moon? Will erosion rates be different? Will that land be shaped differently? | 2015/11/23 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/30325",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/627/"
] | I believe in this case [Sun Tides](http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/tide.html) will become dominant.
>
> Even though the Sun is 391 times as far away from the Earth as the Moon, its force on the Earth is about 175 times as large. Yet its tidal effect is smaller than that of the Moon because tides are caused by the difference in gravity field across the Earth. The Earth's diameter is such a small fraction of the Sun-Earth distance that the gravity field changes by only a factor of 1.00017 across the Earth. The actual force differential across the Earth is 0.00017 x 174.5 = 0.03 times the Moon's force, compared to 0.068 difference across the Earth for the Moon's force. **The actual tidal influence then is then 44% of that of the Moon.**
>
>
>
So while tides will be much less than a non-tidally locked system, it's only by a factor of perhaps 2/3rds. That's enough to still leave significant tides, so I expect you won't see a significant difference in the factors you mention as important - geography, land shape, erosion. | I do not think tides have any considerable role in forming the landscape. An influence of storms and weather patterns in general is much stronger.
For example, consider Black Sea which had no visible tides for few last Mys. You cannot tell the difference from any other seashore in a similar climatic area. |
30,325 | On Earth, the presence of tides due to the Sun and Moon influence certain currents and other movements of water. This in turn leads to different forms of erosion, which can transform a landscape.
I'm working on a moon that's tidally locked to a planet - pretty much identical to the Earth-Moon system, except that the moon is slightly more massive, and has an atmosphere, water, and life (thanks in part to a magnetic field).
How will the tidal locking - meaning a lack of tides - influence the geography of this moon? Will erosion rates be different? Will that land be shaped differently? | 2015/11/23 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/30325",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/627/"
] | I believe in this case [Sun Tides](http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/tide.html) will become dominant.
>
> Even though the Sun is 391 times as far away from the Earth as the Moon, its force on the Earth is about 175 times as large. Yet its tidal effect is smaller than that of the Moon because tides are caused by the difference in gravity field across the Earth. The Earth's diameter is such a small fraction of the Sun-Earth distance that the gravity field changes by only a factor of 1.00017 across the Earth. The actual force differential across the Earth is 0.00017 x 174.5 = 0.03 times the Moon's force, compared to 0.068 difference across the Earth for the Moon's force. **The actual tidal influence then is then 44% of that of the Moon.**
>
>
>
So while tides will be much less than a non-tidally locked system, it's only by a factor of perhaps 2/3rds. That's enough to still leave significant tides, so I expect you won't see a significant difference in the factors you mention as important - geography, land shape, erosion. | The tidal power effects are felt most greatly on larger bodies of water. Although waves are partly influenced by tides, most of their ferocity, and therefore costal erosion, is caused by winds so waves would remain largely unaffected by a tideless environment. Tides don't affect so much ferocity of waves but how far "inland" they travel.
The tides of Lake Superior vary by no more than two inches. On the other side of the spectrum tides on the Bay of Fundy can vary as much as 50 feet. So some parts that in a tidal planet would be wet part of the time would be left high and dry.
The greatest challenge to a tideless planet would not be erosion but the ecological challenges that a diminished churning of the oceans would present. There would be areas of high nutrient concentration bordering on toxic and dead areas almost completely devoid of nutrients.
Hope this helps. |
45,212 | I am trying to make an original character who is blind
and hunts with bow and arrow from a flying mount.
(Obviously, no existing animal can fly while bearing the weight of a human,
so let’s assume that the mount is a mythical/fantastical species;
for instance, a dragon or a gryphon.)
What physical qualities (internal/external)
would enable and enhance the archer’s feasibility and hunting prowess? | 2016/06/23 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/45212",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/22065/"
] | Some sort of ESP-like ability, which would allow the protagonist to either pinpoint another being, or possibly permit them to see through the eyes of another creature. Note that if they've been blind from birth, the ability to see through the eyes of another probably won't help unless they've had a lot of experience hunting this way. | How about ability to see/detect minute alterations of Earth's magnetic field or electricity? That might allow him to detect live beigns from a distance. I assume a medieval background due to the presence of mythical creatures so no radiowaves everywhere to drive him crazy, though his perception of a thunderstorm would be interesting.
Can't imagine the kind of organ which would allow, I can only think it would have to be duplicated to allow triangulation for distances. Maybe replacing the eyes? |
45,212 | I am trying to make an original character who is blind
and hunts with bow and arrow from a flying mount.
(Obviously, no existing animal can fly while bearing the weight of a human,
so let’s assume that the mount is a mythical/fantastical species;
for instance, a dragon or a gryphon.)
What physical qualities (internal/external)
would enable and enhance the archer’s feasibility and hunting prowess? | 2016/06/23 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/45212",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/22065/"
] | This is somewhat generic
(i.e., it goes to support the feasibility of a blind rider
controlling a flying beast, and not so much the archery aspect),
but, since telepathy has already been mentioned:
a psychic link between the rider and the steed would be very useful.
Even if it doesn’t go so far as to allow
the rider to see through the mount’s eyes (as [suggested by James](https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/45212/#comment127266_45257)),
it would be very handy if the mount could alert the rider
to upcoming maneuvers, or if the rider could direct the mount,
all without making a sound.
Compare to the [neural interface](http://www.avatarmovie.com/index.html) between creatures
(including the bond between rider and steed) in James Cameron’s [*Avatar*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avatar_(2009_film)).
Also, you might want to look at the [Nazgûl](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazg%C3%BBl)
(from *The Lord of the Rings*) for some general inspiration.
While they are not totally blind,
they [do not see the world of light as we do](https://scifi.stackexchange.com/q/14876/30482#14880 "Lord of the Rings – Are the Nazgûl Blind? – Science Fiction & Fantasy Stack Exchange").
(They may use a sense of smell when on the ground;
it’s not clear whether that would be useful when they are airborne.) | Hidden power
=============
Your character has a hidden power that permanently allows them to see into the future. Hence their current eyesight has been traded for one out of sequence with time. They know where the arrow will be once they let go for they see it already having arrived.
To make sure this is not OP this could be limited to an enhancement / curse given by the bow they wield and only bestows the future location of arrows potentially fired from it. |
45,212 | I am trying to make an original character who is blind
and hunts with bow and arrow from a flying mount.
(Obviously, no existing animal can fly while bearing the weight of a human,
so let’s assume that the mount is a mythical/fantastical species;
for instance, a dragon or a gryphon.)
What physical qualities (internal/external)
would enable and enhance the archer’s feasibility and hunting prowess? | 2016/06/23 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/45212",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/22065/"
] | Very acute hearing, like that of a barn owl. Barn owls can hunt in complete darkness and without an active sonar like bats.
All owls have one ear pointing up and another pointing down so they can pinpoint sound sources more accurately. Their disc-like face also acts like a parabolic antenna for sound. The ears are hidden beneath the facial feathers, one aimed forward-up and the other forward-down.
Your hunter may wear an owl-mask to help them locate prey, or it may be descended from owls somehow.
Failing that, an active sonar like that of bats and dolphins would be a way to go, too. | Some sort of ESP-like ability, which would allow the protagonist to either pinpoint another being, or possibly permit them to see through the eyes of another creature. Note that if they've been blind from birth, the ability to see through the eyes of another probably won't help unless they've had a lot of experience hunting this way. |
45,212 | I am trying to make an original character who is blind
and hunts with bow and arrow from a flying mount.
(Obviously, no existing animal can fly while bearing the weight of a human,
so let’s assume that the mount is a mythical/fantastical species;
for instance, a dragon or a gryphon.)
What physical qualities (internal/external)
would enable and enhance the archer’s feasibility and hunting prowess? | 2016/06/23 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/45212",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/22065/"
] | Some sort of ESP-like ability, which would allow the protagonist to either pinpoint another being, or possibly permit them to see through the eyes of another creature. Note that if they've been blind from birth, the ability to see through the eyes of another probably won't help unless they've had a lot of experience hunting this way. | Hidden power
=============
Your character has a hidden power that permanently allows them to see into the future. Hence their current eyesight has been traded for one out of sequence with time. They know where the arrow will be once they let go for they see it already having arrived.
To make sure this is not OP this could be limited to an enhancement / curse given by the bow they wield and only bestows the future location of arrows potentially fired from it. |
45,212 | I am trying to make an original character who is blind
and hunts with bow and arrow from a flying mount.
(Obviously, no existing animal can fly while bearing the weight of a human,
so let’s assume that the mount is a mythical/fantastical species;
for instance, a dragon or a gryphon.)
What physical qualities (internal/external)
would enable and enhance the archer’s feasibility and hunting prowess? | 2016/06/23 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/45212",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/22065/"
] | Very acute hearing, like that of a barn owl. Barn owls can hunt in complete darkness and without an active sonar like bats.
All owls have one ear pointing up and another pointing down so they can pinpoint sound sources more accurately. Their disc-like face also acts like a parabolic antenna for sound. The ears are hidden beneath the facial feathers, one aimed forward-up and the other forward-down.
Your hunter may wear an owl-mask to help them locate prey, or it may be descended from owls somehow.
Failing that, an active sonar like that of bats and dolphins would be a way to go, too. | Yeah, her/his other senses would need to be heightened, either by natural or unnatural means. Think Daredevil for instance. Other than just hearing, his heightened sense of touch allows him to feel variations in temperature/pressure/humidity, his heightened sense of smell/taste allow him to smell/taste particles in the air. These could potentially be factored into your characters story.
Like I said, it could be natural through training and adaptation, or unnatural through magic or technology.
This is all assuming the character is human. If the character is another species/race such as one with larger ears or longer fingers it might bode well for his archery capabilities. And if the character is not human, you may consider giving the character a creative new organ. Think birds who can "see" magnetic fields which allow them to traverse the globe easier. |
45,212 | I am trying to make an original character who is blind
and hunts with bow and arrow from a flying mount.
(Obviously, no existing animal can fly while bearing the weight of a human,
so let’s assume that the mount is a mythical/fantastical species;
for instance, a dragon or a gryphon.)
What physical qualities (internal/external)
would enable and enhance the archer’s feasibility and hunting prowess? | 2016/06/23 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/45212",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/22065/"
] | Very acute hearing, like that of a barn owl. Barn owls can hunt in complete darkness and without an active sonar like bats.
All owls have one ear pointing up and another pointing down so they can pinpoint sound sources more accurately. Their disc-like face also acts like a parabolic antenna for sound. The ears are hidden beneath the facial feathers, one aimed forward-up and the other forward-down.
Your hunter may wear an owl-mask to help them locate prey, or it may be descended from owls somehow.
Failing that, an active sonar like that of bats and dolphins would be a way to go, too. | This is somewhat generic
(i.e., it goes to support the feasibility of a blind rider
controlling a flying beast, and not so much the archery aspect),
but, since telepathy has already been mentioned:
a psychic link between the rider and the steed would be very useful.
Even if it doesn’t go so far as to allow
the rider to see through the mount’s eyes (as [suggested by James](https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/45212/#comment127266_45257)),
it would be very handy if the mount could alert the rider
to upcoming maneuvers, or if the rider could direct the mount,
all without making a sound.
Compare to the [neural interface](http://www.avatarmovie.com/index.html) between creatures
(including the bond between rider and steed) in James Cameron’s [*Avatar*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avatar_(2009_film)).
Also, you might want to look at the [Nazgûl](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazg%C3%BBl)
(from *The Lord of the Rings*) for some general inspiration.
While they are not totally blind,
they [do not see the world of light as we do](https://scifi.stackexchange.com/q/14876/30482#14880 "Lord of the Rings – Are the Nazgûl Blind? – Science Fiction & Fantasy Stack Exchange").
(They may use a sense of smell when on the ground;
it’s not clear whether that would be useful when they are airborne.) |
45,212 | I am trying to make an original character who is blind
and hunts with bow and arrow from a flying mount.
(Obviously, no existing animal can fly while bearing the weight of a human,
so let’s assume that the mount is a mythical/fantastical species;
for instance, a dragon or a gryphon.)
What physical qualities (internal/external)
would enable and enhance the archer’s feasibility and hunting prowess? | 2016/06/23 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/45212",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/22065/"
] | Yeah, her/his other senses would need to be heightened, either by natural or unnatural means. Think Daredevil for instance. Other than just hearing, his heightened sense of touch allows him to feel variations in temperature/pressure/humidity, his heightened sense of smell/taste allow him to smell/taste particles in the air. These could potentially be factored into your characters story.
Like I said, it could be natural through training and adaptation, or unnatural through magic or technology.
This is all assuming the character is human. If the character is another species/race such as one with larger ears or longer fingers it might bode well for his archery capabilities. And if the character is not human, you may consider giving the character a creative new organ. Think birds who can "see" magnetic fields which allow them to traverse the globe easier. | How about ability to see/detect minute alterations of Earth's magnetic field or electricity? That might allow him to detect live beigns from a distance. I assume a medieval background due to the presence of mythical creatures so no radiowaves everywhere to drive him crazy, though his perception of a thunderstorm would be interesting.
Can't imagine the kind of organ which would allow, I can only think it would have to be duplicated to allow triangulation for distances. Maybe replacing the eyes? |
45,212 | I am trying to make an original character who is blind
and hunts with bow and arrow from a flying mount.
(Obviously, no existing animal can fly while bearing the weight of a human,
so let’s assume that the mount is a mythical/fantastical species;
for instance, a dragon or a gryphon.)
What physical qualities (internal/external)
would enable and enhance the archer’s feasibility and hunting prowess? | 2016/06/23 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/45212",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/22065/"
] | This is somewhat generic
(i.e., it goes to support the feasibility of a blind rider
controlling a flying beast, and not so much the archery aspect),
but, since telepathy has already been mentioned:
a psychic link between the rider and the steed would be very useful.
Even if it doesn’t go so far as to allow
the rider to see through the mount’s eyes (as [suggested by James](https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/45212/#comment127266_45257)),
it would be very handy if the mount could alert the rider
to upcoming maneuvers, or if the rider could direct the mount,
all without making a sound.
Compare to the [neural interface](http://www.avatarmovie.com/index.html) between creatures
(including the bond between rider and steed) in James Cameron’s [*Avatar*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avatar_(2009_film)).
Also, you might want to look at the [Nazgûl](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazg%C3%BBl)
(from *The Lord of the Rings*) for some general inspiration.
While they are not totally blind,
they [do not see the world of light as we do](https://scifi.stackexchange.com/q/14876/30482#14880 "Lord of the Rings – Are the Nazgûl Blind? – Science Fiction & Fantasy Stack Exchange").
(They may use a sense of smell when on the ground;
it’s not clear whether that would be useful when they are airborne.) | How about ability to see/detect minute alterations of Earth's magnetic field or electricity? That might allow him to detect live beigns from a distance. I assume a medieval background due to the presence of mythical creatures so no radiowaves everywhere to drive him crazy, though his perception of a thunderstorm would be interesting.
Can't imagine the kind of organ which would allow, I can only think it would have to be duplicated to allow triangulation for distances. Maybe replacing the eyes? |
45,212 | I am trying to make an original character who is blind
and hunts with bow and arrow from a flying mount.
(Obviously, no existing animal can fly while bearing the weight of a human,
so let’s assume that the mount is a mythical/fantastical species;
for instance, a dragon or a gryphon.)
What physical qualities (internal/external)
would enable and enhance the archer’s feasibility and hunting prowess? | 2016/06/23 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/45212",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/22065/"
] | Very acute hearing, like that of a barn owl. Barn owls can hunt in complete darkness and without an active sonar like bats.
All owls have one ear pointing up and another pointing down so they can pinpoint sound sources more accurately. Their disc-like face also acts like a parabolic antenna for sound. The ears are hidden beneath the facial feathers, one aimed forward-up and the other forward-down.
Your hunter may wear an owl-mask to help them locate prey, or it may be descended from owls somehow.
Failing that, an active sonar like that of bats and dolphins would be a way to go, too. | How about ability to see/detect minute alterations of Earth's magnetic field or electricity? That might allow him to detect live beigns from a distance. I assume a medieval background due to the presence of mythical creatures so no radiowaves everywhere to drive him crazy, though his perception of a thunderstorm would be interesting.
Can't imagine the kind of organ which would allow, I can only think it would have to be duplicated to allow triangulation for distances. Maybe replacing the eyes? |
45,212 | I am trying to make an original character who is blind
and hunts with bow and arrow from a flying mount.
(Obviously, no existing animal can fly while bearing the weight of a human,
so let’s assume that the mount is a mythical/fantastical species;
for instance, a dragon or a gryphon.)
What physical qualities (internal/external)
would enable and enhance the archer’s feasibility and hunting prowess? | 2016/06/23 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/45212",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/22065/"
] | Yeah, her/his other senses would need to be heightened, either by natural or unnatural means. Think Daredevil for instance. Other than just hearing, his heightened sense of touch allows him to feel variations in temperature/pressure/humidity, his heightened sense of smell/taste allow him to smell/taste particles in the air. These could potentially be factored into your characters story.
Like I said, it could be natural through training and adaptation, or unnatural through magic or technology.
This is all assuming the character is human. If the character is another species/race such as one with larger ears or longer fingers it might bode well for his archery capabilities. And if the character is not human, you may consider giving the character a creative new organ. Think birds who can "see" magnetic fields which allow them to traverse the globe easier. | Hidden power
=============
Your character has a hidden power that permanently allows them to see into the future. Hence their current eyesight has been traded for one out of sequence with time. They know where the arrow will be once they let go for they see it already having arrived.
To make sure this is not OP this could be limited to an enhancement / curse given by the bow they wield and only bestows the future location of arrows potentially fired from it. |
636 | Is there a definitive scalable 3D printer?
I've seen examples of Chinese companies printing entire houses, and I'm curious as to printers / filaments that are intended (or at least able) be scaled up for (very) large print jobs.
Since most hobby printers can take hundreds of hours for something that can still be held in our hands, so I'm curious if there are any designs for printers that are meant to extrude material efficiently with a easily scalable printing area.
Open sourced / free is preferable; though I'm interested in **any** designs that exist, commercial included. | 2016/02/24 | [
"https://3dprinting.stackexchange.com/questions/636",
"https://3dprinting.stackexchange.com",
"https://3dprinting.stackexchange.com/users/702/"
] | One big challenge with scaling anything up (or down), is that not all properties or characteristics scale linearly.
Consider a trivial case: a small cube. If you double the size, you've quadrupled the surface area and octupled the weight.
If you take a desktop-sized 3d printer design, and just double the size, it will weigh 8 times as much. But all the bolts holding it together are only 4 times as strong. So weight-bearing bolts are effectively under twice the strain (per unit of cross-sectional area); the exact factor depends of lots of things (orientation, leverage, etc).
If you scale up by 10x, they'll potentially be under 10 times greater stress, and probably snap.
Many, many parts will have similar issues: Drive belts that are twice as wide and twice as thick will still have 1/2 the (relative) strength -- and stiffness for the motors to overcome.
The stepper motors have to move 8 times the weight, *and* you'll want them to move far, far faster. But steppers lose torque when you spin them faster.
My main printer is pretty much a MendelMax 2, but the Y axis is about 6 times bigger (X and Z are normal). On MM2 the whole build platform moves along Y -- on my printer it weighs far more than on a regular-size MM2 -- it's 6 times the mass just because of size, besides that it has to be much stiffer to avoid sagging over that distance. I went to a larger motor, but it could still barely move the axis. I eventually got it to move at pretty normal speed, but to print long objects it really should be 6 times faster or so.
That would require an amazing motor -- and really big electronics to drive it.
Another challenge is the printing material -- 20mm diameter PLA fiber would be really impressive, but a little hard to find, and a spool would be hard to lift. The power needed to melt it fast enough would be impressive, too. Bridge and house printers I've seen in reports, use pumped concrete through about a 100mm wide nozzle (I have no idea what the nozzle is made of, to stand up to the abrasion). See [Watch this giant 3D printer build a house](http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2015-09/21/giant-3d-printer-builds-houses) for some cool pictures and video.
Scaling up is a fascinating project -- but it's harder than it looks. | If I understand your question correctly, it sounds like you're looking somewhere within the [RepRap](http://reprap.org/) realm. The RepRap community is mostly responsible for the boom in consumer 3D printing in the past 10 years, and that's most likely because it's **open source**. RepRap designs are mostly dynamic (and most parts can be 3D printed), so you could theoretically build a larger frame for your machine and use a slicing engine that allows you to set the build volume. I believe [Slic3r](http://slic3r.org/) allows you to customize the build space, I'm not sure though. |
636 | Is there a definitive scalable 3D printer?
I've seen examples of Chinese companies printing entire houses, and I'm curious as to printers / filaments that are intended (or at least able) be scaled up for (very) large print jobs.
Since most hobby printers can take hundreds of hours for something that can still be held in our hands, so I'm curious if there are any designs for printers that are meant to extrude material efficiently with a easily scalable printing area.
Open sourced / free is preferable; though I'm interested in **any** designs that exist, commercial included. | 2016/02/24 | [
"https://3dprinting.stackexchange.com/questions/636",
"https://3dprinting.stackexchange.com",
"https://3dprinting.stackexchange.com/users/702/"
] | If I understand your question correctly, it sounds like you're looking somewhere within the [RepRap](http://reprap.org/) realm. The RepRap community is mostly responsible for the boom in consumer 3D printing in the past 10 years, and that's most likely because it's **open source**. RepRap designs are mostly dynamic (and most parts can be 3D printed), so you could theoretically build a larger frame for your machine and use a slicing engine that allows you to set the build volume. I believe [Slic3r](http://slic3r.org/) allows you to customize the build space, I'm not sure though. | As far as I know, right now, all the "3D printers" that can print houses, bridges, etc. are experimental models (and sometimes, vey elaborate art projects) - they just don't exist except as one-off creations designed as a proof-of-concept showing this can be done.
Maybe some of those project published their plans and code but they are not designed for mass production or general use, even if you manage to build another copy of one of them it will probably be able to print just the same project the original printed.
You specifically asked about speed, material and build area:
**Speed:** the speed really depends on the size of the printer's nozzle, the typical desktop printer has a 0.4mm nozzle, if you replace it with a 1mm nozzle the printer will be approximately twice as fast (1.25 nozzle area vs 3.14 nozzle area, assuming you have an hotend designed for larger nozzles that can melt the plastic fast enough).
Now, the "house printer" does not use a standard desktop hotend (see material below) and buildings don't have fine details so you can make the head much larger.
However, as far as I know the early prototypes are still much slower then conventional construction methods.
**Material:** houses are typically not made of plastic, the printers I know of have welding equipment instead of an hotend and extrude steel
There are probably other methods but I bet all of them use typical construction materials such as steel and not thermoplastic.
**Size:** and last but not least, it's obviously not practical to build a printer with as house sized platform, the house printers are actually relatively small robots that travel across the construction project, leaving material behind them and then climb over the previous layer to print the next part. |
636 | Is there a definitive scalable 3D printer?
I've seen examples of Chinese companies printing entire houses, and I'm curious as to printers / filaments that are intended (or at least able) be scaled up for (very) large print jobs.
Since most hobby printers can take hundreds of hours for something that can still be held in our hands, so I'm curious if there are any designs for printers that are meant to extrude material efficiently with a easily scalable printing area.
Open sourced / free is preferable; though I'm interested in **any** designs that exist, commercial included. | 2016/02/24 | [
"https://3dprinting.stackexchange.com/questions/636",
"https://3dprinting.stackexchange.com",
"https://3dprinting.stackexchange.com/users/702/"
] | One big challenge with scaling anything up (or down), is that not all properties or characteristics scale linearly.
Consider a trivial case: a small cube. If you double the size, you've quadrupled the surface area and octupled the weight.
If you take a desktop-sized 3d printer design, and just double the size, it will weigh 8 times as much. But all the bolts holding it together are only 4 times as strong. So weight-bearing bolts are effectively under twice the strain (per unit of cross-sectional area); the exact factor depends of lots of things (orientation, leverage, etc).
If you scale up by 10x, they'll potentially be under 10 times greater stress, and probably snap.
Many, many parts will have similar issues: Drive belts that are twice as wide and twice as thick will still have 1/2 the (relative) strength -- and stiffness for the motors to overcome.
The stepper motors have to move 8 times the weight, *and* you'll want them to move far, far faster. But steppers lose torque when you spin them faster.
My main printer is pretty much a MendelMax 2, but the Y axis is about 6 times bigger (X and Z are normal). On MM2 the whole build platform moves along Y -- on my printer it weighs far more than on a regular-size MM2 -- it's 6 times the mass just because of size, besides that it has to be much stiffer to avoid sagging over that distance. I went to a larger motor, but it could still barely move the axis. I eventually got it to move at pretty normal speed, but to print long objects it really should be 6 times faster or so.
That would require an amazing motor -- and really big electronics to drive it.
Another challenge is the printing material -- 20mm diameter PLA fiber would be really impressive, but a little hard to find, and a spool would be hard to lift. The power needed to melt it fast enough would be impressive, too. Bridge and house printers I've seen in reports, use pumped concrete through about a 100mm wide nozzle (I have no idea what the nozzle is made of, to stand up to the abrasion). See [Watch this giant 3D printer build a house](http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2015-09/21/giant-3d-printer-builds-houses) for some cool pictures and video.
Scaling up is a fascinating project -- but it's harder than it looks. | As far as I know, right now, all the "3D printers" that can print houses, bridges, etc. are experimental models (and sometimes, vey elaborate art projects) - they just don't exist except as one-off creations designed as a proof-of-concept showing this can be done.
Maybe some of those project published their plans and code but they are not designed for mass production or general use, even if you manage to build another copy of one of them it will probably be able to print just the same project the original printed.
You specifically asked about speed, material and build area:
**Speed:** the speed really depends on the size of the printer's nozzle, the typical desktop printer has a 0.4mm nozzle, if you replace it with a 1mm nozzle the printer will be approximately twice as fast (1.25 nozzle area vs 3.14 nozzle area, assuming you have an hotend designed for larger nozzles that can melt the plastic fast enough).
Now, the "house printer" does not use a standard desktop hotend (see material below) and buildings don't have fine details so you can make the head much larger.
However, as far as I know the early prototypes are still much slower then conventional construction methods.
**Material:** houses are typically not made of plastic, the printers I know of have welding equipment instead of an hotend and extrude steel
There are probably other methods but I bet all of them use typical construction materials such as steel and not thermoplastic.
**Size:** and last but not least, it's obviously not practical to build a printer with as house sized platform, the house printers are actually relatively small robots that travel across the construction project, leaving material behind them and then climb over the previous layer to print the next part. |
284,124 | I have been building an 18650 based battery pack for our new motor home and have run into a few snags that I cannot find answers for. Some issues have been addressed on this site but I am going to list them aswell for good merit.
Pack Specifications
18650 cells that are used but tested for mAh (2200+) and internal resistance (200mOhm or less)
20 - 18650 cells per module
6 - modules in parallel per battery
2-12 batteries total
So each battery pack is 20p6s
Each battery has BMS
Each cell is fused
All modules in all batteries have very similar cells as to not become unbalanced.
Two batteries are currently connected to a charger/inverter and have stayed remarkably balanced. Teating each module regularly has shown difference of no more than ~.1 volts
Questions
1. I recently acquired a few hundred 18650 cells of different chemistry. Can I use them all in the same modules?
Specifically I have used all low amp >5 laptop cells (lithium cobalt) and this new batch is high amp <10 vape cells (lithium magnesium)
I have found no information on this subject and would love to get some in site
2. I am soon adding two more batteries (with individual BMS) identical to the current two. Is there a limit to how many batteries I can use in parallel like this?
If anyone is interested i will also soon be releasing a DIY guide on how to build this style pack. It's all modular so testing for low voltage or failed cells is easy and replacing them is just as easy.
Thanks
-Wabalooba | 2017/02/03 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/284124",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/135213/"
] | It is highly ***Not Recommended*** to mix batteries, of different age, charge conditions, brand, and yes, different chemistry. The difference in the cells will lead to uneven discharging and potentially one charging from the other, or inverting, and charging issues. With lipo cells, this could include a considerable risk of exploding.
Commercial battery packs will test each cell and carefully chose cells with matching specs to ensure they work well together.
So do what it says on most retail battery packs and ***Do Not Mix Cells***. It is not just marketing hype. | Batteries of different chemistry will have different output in terms of voltage and current, which will vary over time of discharge. Combining them in optimal way will be a challenge.
It looks like your problem is similar to optimal combining of photo-voltaic (solar) panels that are under non-uniform and variable insolation conditions (shades from clouds, dirt depositions, etc.). I heard about companies developing solutions on how to effectively sum-up power from not very homogeneous sources. One solution is called "power isomorphic DC-DC conversion", look at ["AMPT-LLC"](http://www.ampt.com/products), maybe it will give you an idea. |
2,113 | I come from a land of tea-drinkers and have only recently taken a fancy to coffee. I just ordered [this](http://www.amazon.in/gp/product/B00H34OA7U?psc=1&redirect=true&ref_=oh_aui_detailpage_o00_s00) coffee-maker for myself, which is the first that I'll ever own.
I am a bit perplexed as to what *type* of coffee is used in a coffee-maker. It gets all the more confusing since I couldn't get my hands on all the types on the internet.
Until now, I had been making coffee with the help of this Nescafe.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/IFWNE.jpg)
Is this instant or ground coffee? What is the difference between the two? Can they be used in my coffee-maker?
Along with the coffee-maker, I also ordered myself a bottle of **Grandos Espresso Instant Coffee**. Would I be able to make it with the help of my coffee-maker? | 2015/09/06 | [
"https://coffee.stackexchange.com/questions/2113",
"https://coffee.stackexchange.com",
"https://coffee.stackexchange.com/users/1281/"
] | Ground coffee is just the roasted coffee beans ground up to a fine powder. In order to make the beverage coffee, you need to combine this with hot water to extract the flavour (there are many different ways to do this). Typically, there is a filter that makes sure that the water can pass through the ground coffee but none of the ground ends up in your drink.
Instant coffee is dried brewed coffee - they grind up the coffee beans, brew the coffee and then remove the water.
A coffee machine or coffee maker is used for brewing coffee from ground coffee, not instant coffee. Instant coffee powder just needs to be rehydrated, so adding hot water is enough. It will completely dissolve in the water, which the ground in a coffee maker will not.
The machine you bought seems to be an espresso machine (it puts the water with high pressure through the ground coffee). This requires a relatively fine ground. Preground espresso will probably work, or you can also buy a grinder and grind the beans yourself. It also seems to have a pressurized filter basket, which means it will be quite forgiving and therefore easy to use. | That is instant coffee(you only need hot water to make it). Like Niko said ground coffee are coffee beans ground to small bits.
Looks like you've bought a good espresso coffee maker. You need to find espresso coffee for that machine. My favorites are Lavazza <http://www.lavazza.com/> and <http://shop.meinl.com/default> .
I usualy buy whole grain coffee and grind it at my home.
You can also make espresso coffee using espresso coffee pods (E.S.E. easy serving espresso). Pods are basicaly grounded espresso coffee put in small pods, so you don't have to ground it at home.
If you want to make good coffee with that machine **buy some good quality espresso coffee**. Read the manual for your machine to make good coffee.
Edit: **Don't make espresso** with Grandos Espresso Instant Coffee(*don't ever make espresso with that machine if you don't have espresso coffee!*), until you buy real espresso coffee you can make instant (put one or two tea spoons in your mug and sip boiled or near boiled water over it)/ |
2,113 | I come from a land of tea-drinkers and have only recently taken a fancy to coffee. I just ordered [this](http://www.amazon.in/gp/product/B00H34OA7U?psc=1&redirect=true&ref_=oh_aui_detailpage_o00_s00) coffee-maker for myself, which is the first that I'll ever own.
I am a bit perplexed as to what *type* of coffee is used in a coffee-maker. It gets all the more confusing since I couldn't get my hands on all the types on the internet.
Until now, I had been making coffee with the help of this Nescafe.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/IFWNE.jpg)
Is this instant or ground coffee? What is the difference between the two? Can they be used in my coffee-maker?
Along with the coffee-maker, I also ordered myself a bottle of **Grandos Espresso Instant Coffee**. Would I be able to make it with the help of my coffee-maker? | 2015/09/06 | [
"https://coffee.stackexchange.com/questions/2113",
"https://coffee.stackexchange.com",
"https://coffee.stackexchange.com/users/1281/"
] | Ground coffee is just the roasted coffee beans ground up to a fine powder. In order to make the beverage coffee, you need to combine this with hot water to extract the flavour (there are many different ways to do this). Typically, there is a filter that makes sure that the water can pass through the ground coffee but none of the ground ends up in your drink.
Instant coffee is dried brewed coffee - they grind up the coffee beans, brew the coffee and then remove the water.
A coffee machine or coffee maker is used for brewing coffee from ground coffee, not instant coffee. Instant coffee powder just needs to be rehydrated, so adding hot water is enough. It will completely dissolve in the water, which the ground in a coffee maker will not.
The machine you bought seems to be an espresso machine (it puts the water with high pressure through the ground coffee). This requires a relatively fine ground. Preground espresso will probably work, or you can also buy a grinder and grind the beans yourself. It also seems to have a pressurized filter basket, which means it will be quite forgiving and therefore easy to use. | You have bought a wonderful coffee machine which produces espresso (concentrated coffee) which can be consumed whole or mixed with milk/water to create amazing drinks such as latte's or cappuccinos but not limited to these.
To make it simple for you, I will make a short list of what you need to produce coffee on that machine.
1. Coffee Beans - I would suggest to step into Starbucks/Costa/Coffee Day or any similar retailer and ask for espresso blend/beans/roast. If you can find the manager, explain the situation and ask for tasting.
2. Coffee Bean Grinder - You need something like this <http://www.amazon.in/dp/B003U2V5GS> or similar, but do make sure that the grinder you buy is capable of producing a fine grind, as we want the coffee powder to produce espresso, this is crucial.
The coffee you produce with this method will be divine, the aroma will fill up your spaces for sure. What is critical is that you store the beans in their original form and grind only what you need, that will produce the freshest and tastiest coffee. |
2,113 | I come from a land of tea-drinkers and have only recently taken a fancy to coffee. I just ordered [this](http://www.amazon.in/gp/product/B00H34OA7U?psc=1&redirect=true&ref_=oh_aui_detailpage_o00_s00) coffee-maker for myself, which is the first that I'll ever own.
I am a bit perplexed as to what *type* of coffee is used in a coffee-maker. It gets all the more confusing since I couldn't get my hands on all the types on the internet.
Until now, I had been making coffee with the help of this Nescafe.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/IFWNE.jpg)
Is this instant or ground coffee? What is the difference between the two? Can they be used in my coffee-maker?
Along with the coffee-maker, I also ordered myself a bottle of **Grandos Espresso Instant Coffee**. Would I be able to make it with the help of my coffee-maker? | 2015/09/06 | [
"https://coffee.stackexchange.com/questions/2113",
"https://coffee.stackexchange.com",
"https://coffee.stackexchange.com/users/1281/"
] | Ground coffee is just the roasted coffee beans ground up to a fine powder. In order to make the beverage coffee, you need to combine this with hot water to extract the flavour (there are many different ways to do this). Typically, there is a filter that makes sure that the water can pass through the ground coffee but none of the ground ends up in your drink.
Instant coffee is dried brewed coffee - they grind up the coffee beans, brew the coffee and then remove the water.
A coffee machine or coffee maker is used for brewing coffee from ground coffee, not instant coffee. Instant coffee powder just needs to be rehydrated, so adding hot water is enough. It will completely dissolve in the water, which the ground in a coffee maker will not.
The machine you bought seems to be an espresso machine (it puts the water with high pressure through the ground coffee). This requires a relatively fine ground. Preground espresso will probably work, or you can also buy a grinder and grind the beans yourself. It also seems to have a pressurized filter basket, which means it will be quite forgiving and therefore easy to use. | Coffee maker usually only process ground coffee. If you put instant coffee in it, it's gonna get messy inside-out.
So, ground coffee can only be processed with coffee maker to produce coffee that is really concentrated, unlike the taste of 3-in-1 and instant coffee.
While 3-in-1 or instant coffee, only need a cup with hot water to produce coffee.
If you are serious about coffee drinking, you should invest to learn more about ground coffee. Instant coffee is just for casual coffee drinker |
2,113 | I come from a land of tea-drinkers and have only recently taken a fancy to coffee. I just ordered [this](http://www.amazon.in/gp/product/B00H34OA7U?psc=1&redirect=true&ref_=oh_aui_detailpage_o00_s00) coffee-maker for myself, which is the first that I'll ever own.
I am a bit perplexed as to what *type* of coffee is used in a coffee-maker. It gets all the more confusing since I couldn't get my hands on all the types on the internet.
Until now, I had been making coffee with the help of this Nescafe.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/IFWNE.jpg)
Is this instant or ground coffee? What is the difference between the two? Can they be used in my coffee-maker?
Along with the coffee-maker, I also ordered myself a bottle of **Grandos Espresso Instant Coffee**. Would I be able to make it with the help of my coffee-maker? | 2015/09/06 | [
"https://coffee.stackexchange.com/questions/2113",
"https://coffee.stackexchange.com",
"https://coffee.stackexchange.com/users/1281/"
] | You have bought a wonderful coffee machine which produces espresso (concentrated coffee) which can be consumed whole or mixed with milk/water to create amazing drinks such as latte's or cappuccinos but not limited to these.
To make it simple for you, I will make a short list of what you need to produce coffee on that machine.
1. Coffee Beans - I would suggest to step into Starbucks/Costa/Coffee Day or any similar retailer and ask for espresso blend/beans/roast. If you can find the manager, explain the situation and ask for tasting.
2. Coffee Bean Grinder - You need something like this <http://www.amazon.in/dp/B003U2V5GS> or similar, but do make sure that the grinder you buy is capable of producing a fine grind, as we want the coffee powder to produce espresso, this is crucial.
The coffee you produce with this method will be divine, the aroma will fill up your spaces for sure. What is critical is that you store the beans in their original form and grind only what you need, that will produce the freshest and tastiest coffee. | That is instant coffee(you only need hot water to make it). Like Niko said ground coffee are coffee beans ground to small bits.
Looks like you've bought a good espresso coffee maker. You need to find espresso coffee for that machine. My favorites are Lavazza <http://www.lavazza.com/> and <http://shop.meinl.com/default> .
I usualy buy whole grain coffee and grind it at my home.
You can also make espresso coffee using espresso coffee pods (E.S.E. easy serving espresso). Pods are basicaly grounded espresso coffee put in small pods, so you don't have to ground it at home.
If you want to make good coffee with that machine **buy some good quality espresso coffee**. Read the manual for your machine to make good coffee.
Edit: **Don't make espresso** with Grandos Espresso Instant Coffee(*don't ever make espresso with that machine if you don't have espresso coffee!*), until you buy real espresso coffee you can make instant (put one or two tea spoons in your mug and sip boiled or near boiled water over it)/ |
2,113 | I come from a land of tea-drinkers and have only recently taken a fancy to coffee. I just ordered [this](http://www.amazon.in/gp/product/B00H34OA7U?psc=1&redirect=true&ref_=oh_aui_detailpage_o00_s00) coffee-maker for myself, which is the first that I'll ever own.
I am a bit perplexed as to what *type* of coffee is used in a coffee-maker. It gets all the more confusing since I couldn't get my hands on all the types on the internet.
Until now, I had been making coffee with the help of this Nescafe.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/IFWNE.jpg)
Is this instant or ground coffee? What is the difference between the two? Can they be used in my coffee-maker?
Along with the coffee-maker, I also ordered myself a bottle of **Grandos Espresso Instant Coffee**. Would I be able to make it with the help of my coffee-maker? | 2015/09/06 | [
"https://coffee.stackexchange.com/questions/2113",
"https://coffee.stackexchange.com",
"https://coffee.stackexchange.com/users/1281/"
] | You have bought a wonderful coffee machine which produces espresso (concentrated coffee) which can be consumed whole or mixed with milk/water to create amazing drinks such as latte's or cappuccinos but not limited to these.
To make it simple for you, I will make a short list of what you need to produce coffee on that machine.
1. Coffee Beans - I would suggest to step into Starbucks/Costa/Coffee Day or any similar retailer and ask for espresso blend/beans/roast. If you can find the manager, explain the situation and ask for tasting.
2. Coffee Bean Grinder - You need something like this <http://www.amazon.in/dp/B003U2V5GS> or similar, but do make sure that the grinder you buy is capable of producing a fine grind, as we want the coffee powder to produce espresso, this is crucial.
The coffee you produce with this method will be divine, the aroma will fill up your spaces for sure. What is critical is that you store the beans in their original form and grind only what you need, that will produce the freshest and tastiest coffee. | Coffee maker usually only process ground coffee. If you put instant coffee in it, it's gonna get messy inside-out.
So, ground coffee can only be processed with coffee maker to produce coffee that is really concentrated, unlike the taste of 3-in-1 and instant coffee.
While 3-in-1 or instant coffee, only need a cup with hot water to produce coffee.
If you are serious about coffee drinking, you should invest to learn more about ground coffee. Instant coffee is just for casual coffee drinker |
86,497 | I have a recipe for some chocolate chip cookies, and it's near and dear to my heart. I watched my mom making these when I was little, and it's older than I am, being from her mom too. They're both gone now though, and I have no idea what's wrong. I have not changed anything.
The ingredients are:
* 1 cup sugar
* 1 cup brown sugar
* 2/3 cup butter
* 2/3 butter flavored Crisco
* 3 eggs
* 2 tsp vanilla
* 3 cups flour
* 1 tsp salt
* 1 tsp baking soda
* 2 cups chocolate chips
I've been making these for the past 10 years, since my mom couldn't anymore, and only the past few years I've noticed the changes. The cookies themselves are much puffier than they're supposed to be, and though they mostly taste the same, there's a weird bit of aftertaste to them that I can't place. I also just now realized that the dough is kind of oily almost, and not sticking together like I remember it doing before, but again, haven't changed anything. I'd post a picture, but for some reason it won't let me...
I'd really like some ideas as to what I can do to fix these. They were something I loved helping my mom make when I was little, and it breaks my heart that I can't figure out what''s wrong with them. | 2017/12/18 | [
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/questions/86497",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/users/63815/"
] | This problem is happening to me. Got a recipe, used it successfully for a year or two, then suddenly they just stopped coming out amazing.
I put it down to me remembering the recipe wrong, the change of oven over that time and other factors.
Also, I notice that one batch can come out differently depending on what temperature I put them in at... If I refrigerate the batter for later cooking, they turn out much worse too. They're the same, but they are flakey. Flakey cookies? No thanks.
Try to forget the recipe, then do it all again adhering to the recipe written down as it is.
Your recipe looks fine to me. Sometimes the butter warming too much or melting creates an oily texture. I think you're like me, and you've forgot the timing and preparations BEFORE the cooking begins... it comes with a rushed life. | This has been mentioned already, but it's kind of hidden in among a bunch of other advice: I'm almost certain your problems are due to changes in the formulation of Crisco. Puffier than they used to be, almost oily in texture, and weird aftertaste all point to the shortening being the culprit.
One test to try might be to make the recipe with unflavored Crisco: if you still get the texture issues but without the weird aftertaste, I'd take that as proof.
The solution is probably to switch to an all-butter recipe, but if you want to stick to this recipe out of sentimental reasons, try replacing the shortening with lard: just from an ingredients standpoint, lard is closer to (unflavored) shortening than butter would be. |
86,497 | I have a recipe for some chocolate chip cookies, and it's near and dear to my heart. I watched my mom making these when I was little, and it's older than I am, being from her mom too. They're both gone now though, and I have no idea what's wrong. I have not changed anything.
The ingredients are:
* 1 cup sugar
* 1 cup brown sugar
* 2/3 cup butter
* 2/3 butter flavored Crisco
* 3 eggs
* 2 tsp vanilla
* 3 cups flour
* 1 tsp salt
* 1 tsp baking soda
* 2 cups chocolate chips
I've been making these for the past 10 years, since my mom couldn't anymore, and only the past few years I've noticed the changes. The cookies themselves are much puffier than they're supposed to be, and though they mostly taste the same, there's a weird bit of aftertaste to them that I can't place. I also just now realized that the dough is kind of oily almost, and not sticking together like I remember it doing before, but again, haven't changed anything. I'd post a picture, but for some reason it won't let me...
I'd really like some ideas as to what I can do to fix these. They were something I loved helping my mom make when I was little, and it breaks my heart that I can't figure out what''s wrong with them. | 2017/12/18 | [
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/questions/86497",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/users/63815/"
] | Short answer:
I suggest you try all butter
----------------------------
...and make sure you don't make it too soft before creaming it.
---
By comparison, here is a famous and popular chocolate chip cookie recipe (just the ingredients, not the process):
* 2 1/4 cups all-purpose flour
* 1 teaspoon baking soda
* 1 teaspoon salt
* 1 cup (2 sticks) unsalted butter, softened
* 3/4 cup granulated sugar
* 3/4 cup packed brown sugar
* 1 teaspoon vanilla extract
* 2 **large** eggs
* 2 cups chocolate chips
Yours is very similar, and basically is the same except many of the ingredients have been scaled up about 30% (flour, butter/shortening, sugar, eggs).
I would say there are a few ways your results could change. First, if you accidentally buy a different size egg. Your recipe doesn't list the egg size, but it's almost certainly meant for large eggs. As Daniel commented, more egg will lead to a puffier cookie.
Second, if the formulation of the shortening has changed. The oiliness and the bitter aftertaste make me want to blame the shortening. Also, I personally dislike shortening. I suggest you at least **try** your recipe with all butter, by using 1 and 1/3 cups of fresh, high-quality **unsalted** butter. I would avoid cultured butter. If you can only find salted butter, you might cut the salt amount in half or omit it. Or you might like the extra saltiness. All-butter cookies come out a bit shorter and denser, but they should still be chewy and crispy and IMHO the flavor can't be beat. Notice that this famous recipe uses all butter. I think shortening actually entered these recipes back in the 1950s when butter might have been more expensive or harder to come by, not because shortening in any way improves the cookie.
Third, there may be something in your process that has changed slightly. The oiliness makes me wonder if the butter and/or shortening is becoming too soft or melted before you cream it with the sugar. It does matter the order in which you add the ingredients and the consistency of the butter and shortening when you cream it with the sugar can matter. Instead of using a microwave, just let the butter sit at room temperature for a little while before creaming it. If you use a stand mixer, you don't even need the butter that soft, just cut it into tablespoon sized pieces and let the mixer beat at it for a minute to soften it up and warm it a little.
---
Upon further thought:
---------------------
I'm not sure about all the chemistry that might be going on, but I think Steve has a good thought in his answer when it comes to the flour. I don't agree that you're adding the "wrong" amount of flour, but normal changes in your kitchen environment can have a big change in how flour behaves.
If your problems persist, it could be that your kitchen and/or flour is too damp (Steve mentions temperature, but temperature and *relative* humidity are closely linked). Normally in cold weather our kitchens are dry, but many things can affect the humidity in a kitchen, such as unusual weather outside or other cooking going on (boiling water can put a lot of moisture into the air). Also, if you've kept your flour for a long time, it may have absorbed moisture and be retaining it even after the kitchen dries out.
Some ways to deal with environmental affects on flour:
* Buy fresh flour and don't buy too much of it. Avoid having flour sitting around in your pantry or cupboard for months on end.
* Transfer flour as soon as possible after you buy it to an airtight container (this is also a good idea for sugar - both often come in paper bags). Keep the container in a cool, dry place. Not the refrigerator, but a cabinet or cupboard that is not near any heat sources like the stove, oven, or back of the refrigerator.
* Measure flour by weight, not volume. Get a good kitchen scale and determine the weight of a cup of your favorite flour. Convert your recipes to weight and then measure using the scale for future baking. If you need to make an adjustment, edit the recipe to show the new weight. If the flour gets too wet or too dry, you will automatically add more or less of it since the weight will change, but not the volume. | This has been mentioned already, but it's kind of hidden in among a bunch of other advice: I'm almost certain your problems are due to changes in the formulation of Crisco. Puffier than they used to be, almost oily in texture, and weird aftertaste all point to the shortening being the culprit.
One test to try might be to make the recipe with unflavored Crisco: if you still get the texture issues but without the weird aftertaste, I'd take that as proof.
The solution is probably to switch to an all-butter recipe, but if you want to stick to this recipe out of sentimental reasons, try replacing the shortening with lard: just from an ingredients standpoint, lard is closer to (unflavored) shortening than butter would be. |
86,497 | I have a recipe for some chocolate chip cookies, and it's near and dear to my heart. I watched my mom making these when I was little, and it's older than I am, being from her mom too. They're both gone now though, and I have no idea what's wrong. I have not changed anything.
The ingredients are:
* 1 cup sugar
* 1 cup brown sugar
* 2/3 cup butter
* 2/3 butter flavored Crisco
* 3 eggs
* 2 tsp vanilla
* 3 cups flour
* 1 tsp salt
* 1 tsp baking soda
* 2 cups chocolate chips
I've been making these for the past 10 years, since my mom couldn't anymore, and only the past few years I've noticed the changes. The cookies themselves are much puffier than they're supposed to be, and though they mostly taste the same, there's a weird bit of aftertaste to them that I can't place. I also just now realized that the dough is kind of oily almost, and not sticking together like I remember it doing before, but again, haven't changed anything. I'd post a picture, but for some reason it won't let me...
I'd really like some ideas as to what I can do to fix these. They were something I loved helping my mom make when I was little, and it breaks my heart that I can't figure out what''s wrong with them. | 2017/12/18 | [
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/questions/86497",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/users/63815/"
] | I'm an amateur but it sounds like your cookies contain too much flour. Focus on the consistency of your dough. Bake a batch of cookies from a different consistency of dough by adding the flour to the other ingredients last. Stop every once in a while when you add the flour to the batter and take out enough to make a cookie. Record the approximate amount of flour used to make the cookies somewhere.
The temperature of the environment you make the cookies in has changed hasn't it. Are you chilling your flour before use? Where you doing that when the cookies were good? All of this things can properly mess up baked goods.
Just out of curiosity, are you letting your cookie batter rest with baking flour in it?
If it's not what Todd said then it's probably this. | This has been mentioned already, but it's kind of hidden in among a bunch of other advice: I'm almost certain your problems are due to changes in the formulation of Crisco. Puffier than they used to be, almost oily in texture, and weird aftertaste all point to the shortening being the culprit.
One test to try might be to make the recipe with unflavored Crisco: if you still get the texture issues but without the weird aftertaste, I'd take that as proof.
The solution is probably to switch to an all-butter recipe, but if you want to stick to this recipe out of sentimental reasons, try replacing the shortening with lard: just from an ingredients standpoint, lard is closer to (unflavored) shortening than butter would be. |
11,838,923 | I'm planning to host a Rails application on Linode, but I'm still unsure about the requirements and process of deploying. I'm only getting the 512 plan since I'm expecting relative small traffic for the site.
My question is, do I need to get a repository such as Github to store my code? I'm also a bit concerned about how long it takes to set the server up and the deployment process. I've browsed through the Linode library but I'm not entirely clear on how to deploy Rails apps. I'm planning to use nginx as my server and passenger for deploying. Does anyone know where I can learn to deploy Rails applications on a Linode machine? A step-by-step tutorial with detailed explanation would be great. Thanks! | 2012/08/07 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/11838923",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/536770/"
] | Ryan Bates has a great videocast on deploying Rails apps to... Linode! Today's your lucky day :) Grab some popcorn and enjoy: <http://railscasts.com/episodes/335-deploying-to-a-vps> | You don't need a GitHub account to deploy on Linode. The deploy process happens between your local machine and the Linode servers, usually by means of the Capistrano gem.
This tutorial from Smashing Magazine is pretty good. <http://coding.smashingmagazine.com/2011/06/28/setup-a-ubuntu-vps-for-hosting-ruby-on-rails-applications-2/> |
11,838,923 | I'm planning to host a Rails application on Linode, but I'm still unsure about the requirements and process of deploying. I'm only getting the 512 plan since I'm expecting relative small traffic for the site.
My question is, do I need to get a repository such as Github to store my code? I'm also a bit concerned about how long it takes to set the server up and the deployment process. I've browsed through the Linode library but I'm not entirely clear on how to deploy Rails apps. I'm planning to use nginx as my server and passenger for deploying. Does anyone know where I can learn to deploy Rails applications on a Linode machine? A step-by-step tutorial with detailed explanation would be great. Thanks! | 2012/08/07 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/11838923",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/536770/"
] | I've deployed a couple of simple applications on Linode and found their documentation to be excellent. In particular they have step-by-step tutorials tailored to specific environments. For example, in my case (like you) I wanted to use nginx, and I was using Ubuntu 10.04, so I followed this guide:
<http://library.linode.com/frameworks/ruby-on-rails-nginx/ubuntu-10.04-lucid>
If it's your first time setting up on a VPS there will be some hurdles certainly, but I found the experience to be very rewarding.
Regarding hosting your code, you have a number of options, but keep in mind that this is really a separate issue from deploying your app. You deploy your app on linode, but you don't have to host your code there, although you certainly can.
In general terms, if you're okay with making your code open, then certainly github is a good choice. If you want to keep the code private but still have access online (rather than just on one computer), you can take advantage of your linode machine and host your code there.
If you will have a number of other people contributing to the codebase, you might consider setting up [gitosis](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Gitosis) or [gitolite](https://github.com/sitaramc/gitolite/), which make it easy to do this. Alternatively if you will be the main user contributing to the codebase, you can setup a simpler configuration through HTTP, explained here: <http://dev.bazingaweb.fr/2011/02/23/how-to-set-up-git-over-http.html>
Linode also has documentation on setting up a remote git repository: <https://library.linode.com/linux-tools/version-control/git>
If you're choosing between gitosis and gitolite, I'd go with gitolite since gitosis appears to have been abandoned and is no longer being actively maintained.
Other references on deploying on linode:
* <http://infinite-sushi.com/2011/01/deploying-a-rails-app-to-a-linode-box/>
* <http://blog.chris-spencer.co.uk/from-zero-to-git-deployment-on-linode> | Ryan Bates has a great videocast on deploying Rails apps to... Linode! Today's your lucky day :) Grab some popcorn and enjoy: <http://railscasts.com/episodes/335-deploying-to-a-vps> |
11,838,923 | I'm planning to host a Rails application on Linode, but I'm still unsure about the requirements and process of deploying. I'm only getting the 512 plan since I'm expecting relative small traffic for the site.
My question is, do I need to get a repository such as Github to store my code? I'm also a bit concerned about how long it takes to set the server up and the deployment process. I've browsed through the Linode library but I'm not entirely clear on how to deploy Rails apps. I'm planning to use nginx as my server and passenger for deploying. Does anyone know where I can learn to deploy Rails applications on a Linode machine? A step-by-step tutorial with detailed explanation would be great. Thanks! | 2012/08/07 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/11838923",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/536770/"
] | Ryan Bates has a great videocast on deploying Rails apps to... Linode! Today's your lucky day :) Grab some popcorn and enjoy: <http://railscasts.com/episodes/335-deploying-to-a-vps> | Perfect Script for installation of nginx/ PostgreSQL/ Postfix/ Node.js/ Add deployer user/ rbenv
also refere this link <https://medrails.wordpress.com/?blogsub=confirming#subscribe-blog>
Thanks |
11,838,923 | I'm planning to host a Rails application on Linode, but I'm still unsure about the requirements and process of deploying. I'm only getting the 512 plan since I'm expecting relative small traffic for the site.
My question is, do I need to get a repository such as Github to store my code? I'm also a bit concerned about how long it takes to set the server up and the deployment process. I've browsed through the Linode library but I'm not entirely clear on how to deploy Rails apps. I'm planning to use nginx as my server and passenger for deploying. Does anyone know where I can learn to deploy Rails applications on a Linode machine? A step-by-step tutorial with detailed explanation would be great. Thanks! | 2012/08/07 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/11838923",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/536770/"
] | I've deployed a couple of simple applications on Linode and found their documentation to be excellent. In particular they have step-by-step tutorials tailored to specific environments. For example, in my case (like you) I wanted to use nginx, and I was using Ubuntu 10.04, so I followed this guide:
<http://library.linode.com/frameworks/ruby-on-rails-nginx/ubuntu-10.04-lucid>
If it's your first time setting up on a VPS there will be some hurdles certainly, but I found the experience to be very rewarding.
Regarding hosting your code, you have a number of options, but keep in mind that this is really a separate issue from deploying your app. You deploy your app on linode, but you don't have to host your code there, although you certainly can.
In general terms, if you're okay with making your code open, then certainly github is a good choice. If you want to keep the code private but still have access online (rather than just on one computer), you can take advantage of your linode machine and host your code there.
If you will have a number of other people contributing to the codebase, you might consider setting up [gitosis](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Gitosis) or [gitolite](https://github.com/sitaramc/gitolite/), which make it easy to do this. Alternatively if you will be the main user contributing to the codebase, you can setup a simpler configuration through HTTP, explained here: <http://dev.bazingaweb.fr/2011/02/23/how-to-set-up-git-over-http.html>
Linode also has documentation on setting up a remote git repository: <https://library.linode.com/linux-tools/version-control/git>
If you're choosing between gitosis and gitolite, I'd go with gitolite since gitosis appears to have been abandoned and is no longer being actively maintained.
Other references on deploying on linode:
* <http://infinite-sushi.com/2011/01/deploying-a-rails-app-to-a-linode-box/>
* <http://blog.chris-spencer.co.uk/from-zero-to-git-deployment-on-linode> | You don't need a GitHub account to deploy on Linode. The deploy process happens between your local machine and the Linode servers, usually by means of the Capistrano gem.
This tutorial from Smashing Magazine is pretty good. <http://coding.smashingmagazine.com/2011/06/28/setup-a-ubuntu-vps-for-hosting-ruby-on-rails-applications-2/> |
11,838,923 | I'm planning to host a Rails application on Linode, but I'm still unsure about the requirements and process of deploying. I'm only getting the 512 plan since I'm expecting relative small traffic for the site.
My question is, do I need to get a repository such as Github to store my code? I'm also a bit concerned about how long it takes to set the server up and the deployment process. I've browsed through the Linode library but I'm not entirely clear on how to deploy Rails apps. I'm planning to use nginx as my server and passenger for deploying. Does anyone know where I can learn to deploy Rails applications on a Linode machine? A step-by-step tutorial with detailed explanation would be great. Thanks! | 2012/08/07 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/11838923",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/536770/"
] | You don't need a GitHub account to deploy on Linode. The deploy process happens between your local machine and the Linode servers, usually by means of the Capistrano gem.
This tutorial from Smashing Magazine is pretty good. <http://coding.smashingmagazine.com/2011/06/28/setup-a-ubuntu-vps-for-hosting-ruby-on-rails-applications-2/> | Perfect Script for installation of nginx/ PostgreSQL/ Postfix/ Node.js/ Add deployer user/ rbenv
also refere this link <https://medrails.wordpress.com/?blogsub=confirming#subscribe-blog>
Thanks |
11,838,923 | I'm planning to host a Rails application on Linode, but I'm still unsure about the requirements and process of deploying. I'm only getting the 512 plan since I'm expecting relative small traffic for the site.
My question is, do I need to get a repository such as Github to store my code? I'm also a bit concerned about how long it takes to set the server up and the deployment process. I've browsed through the Linode library but I'm not entirely clear on how to deploy Rails apps. I'm planning to use nginx as my server and passenger for deploying. Does anyone know where I can learn to deploy Rails applications on a Linode machine? A step-by-step tutorial with detailed explanation would be great. Thanks! | 2012/08/07 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/11838923",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/536770/"
] | I've deployed a couple of simple applications on Linode and found their documentation to be excellent. In particular they have step-by-step tutorials tailored to specific environments. For example, in my case (like you) I wanted to use nginx, and I was using Ubuntu 10.04, so I followed this guide:
<http://library.linode.com/frameworks/ruby-on-rails-nginx/ubuntu-10.04-lucid>
If it's your first time setting up on a VPS there will be some hurdles certainly, but I found the experience to be very rewarding.
Regarding hosting your code, you have a number of options, but keep in mind that this is really a separate issue from deploying your app. You deploy your app on linode, but you don't have to host your code there, although you certainly can.
In general terms, if you're okay with making your code open, then certainly github is a good choice. If you want to keep the code private but still have access online (rather than just on one computer), you can take advantage of your linode machine and host your code there.
If you will have a number of other people contributing to the codebase, you might consider setting up [gitosis](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Gitosis) or [gitolite](https://github.com/sitaramc/gitolite/), which make it easy to do this. Alternatively if you will be the main user contributing to the codebase, you can setup a simpler configuration through HTTP, explained here: <http://dev.bazingaweb.fr/2011/02/23/how-to-set-up-git-over-http.html>
Linode also has documentation on setting up a remote git repository: <https://library.linode.com/linux-tools/version-control/git>
If you're choosing between gitosis and gitolite, I'd go with gitolite since gitosis appears to have been abandoned and is no longer being actively maintained.
Other references on deploying on linode:
* <http://infinite-sushi.com/2011/01/deploying-a-rails-app-to-a-linode-box/>
* <http://blog.chris-spencer.co.uk/from-zero-to-git-deployment-on-linode> | Perfect Script for installation of nginx/ PostgreSQL/ Postfix/ Node.js/ Add deployer user/ rbenv
also refere this link <https://medrails.wordpress.com/?blogsub=confirming#subscribe-blog>
Thanks |
3,124,987 | What means:
Support for several bindings (e.g., raw HTTP, TCP, MSMQ, and named pipes)
allows to choose the most appropriate PLUMBING to transport message data. | 2010/06/26 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3124987",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/278618/"
] | 'Plumbing' is a pipe system (like the one for water in your house).
It's often used in IT to mean a support infrastructure. It's a particularly suitable term in this case, since the support infrastructure is actually a transport infrastructure, kinda like pipes indeed. | In this case it means - Underlying transport mechanism.
The idea is that it equates to low level infrastructure, like indoor plumbing does.
That is, you don't normally think about the pipes underground that transport water to and from your house (and other houses in the neighborhood) and they may be constructed and use different types of materials and techniques. The same can be thought about the different bindings (do you care how they work?). |
3,124,987 | What means:
Support for several bindings (e.g., raw HTTP, TCP, MSMQ, and named pipes)
allows to choose the most appropriate PLUMBING to transport message data. | 2010/06/26 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3124987",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/278618/"
] | 'Plumbing' is a pipe system (like the one for water in your house).
It's often used in IT to mean a support infrastructure. It's a particularly suitable term in this case, since the support infrastructure is actually a transport infrastructure, kinda like pipes indeed. | In this context, plumbing refers the communication layer. If you think of your data/information as "water" then "plumbing" refers to the way the data/information moves from various parts of your system. |
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