qid int64 1 74.7M | question stringlengths 12 33.8k | date stringlengths 10 10 | metadata list | response_j stringlengths 0 115k | response_k stringlengths 2 98.3k |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
38,287 | I want to create a home server which can host websites i build.
I want it as a windows server and work the same as servers we get from hosting companies, what main points i should consider while thinking in that? | 2009/07/09 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/38287",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/978/"
] | * Power consumption
* Power reliability (UPC needed?)
* Many home network connections are asynchronous (DSL, Cable), meaning the upload rate is much smaller than the download rate.
* You need a proper DMZ network layout, protecting your home network from the outside while allowing access to your server
.
.
. | Until recently, I ran a Windows server out of my home, but after a particularly nasty malware infection, I reinstalled with Ubuntu Server. Its totally CLI, which has been a fun, fascinating learning experience for me.
Ok..back to you..You will need to run a web host, like Apache. A database server, like MySQL. And a scripting language, like PHP.
You may also want FTP access to upload new sites/pages/whatever.
Also, I prefer remote access so that I can shove my server in a closet and forget about it, no monitor, keyboard, mouse to worry about.
Good luck. |
11,652,784 | This is not a duplicate. The referenced `duplicate` question specifically asks
>
> "Is there a way in objective-C to find out what the version is of my app?"
>
>
>
whereas the current question asks how it can be found without writing any code.
>
> **Possible Duplicate:**
>
> [How can my iphone app detect its own version number?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/458632/how-can-my-iphone-app-detect-its-own-version-number)
>
>
>
I am writing an ios app and would like my trial users to be able to tell me what version they are using.
I know that you can programmatically display the installed version of your app to a user as in these two posts:
[How can I check the bundle version of our application programmatically?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2657477/how-to-check-bundle-version-for-our-application-by-programming) and [How to display the current project version of my App to the user?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1492351/how-to-display-the-current-project-version-of-my-app-to-the-user)
But do I *have* to do it programmatically? How can I show ios app version number WITHOUT objective-c code? On android the version is automatically available under Manage Applications. | 2012/07/25 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/11652784",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1077204/"
] | In general, if a JavaScript library you want to use is on a CDN or a server external to your app, the answer is no, as Windows apps written with HTML/JavaScript cannot load external JavaScript libraries...if you try, a security exception will occur.
Many libraries will work fine if you copy the JS file into your project and run it locally. For example, jQuery works just fine this way. I have not tried the Google Analytics library, so you might just want to test it out and see if it will work with a local copy.
Something else to consider, however, is that unlike a web site, a Windows app written in HTML/JavaScript may occasionally be offline, in which case, a library written with the assumption of network connectivity would likely not work. So in this particular case, you might not get the data that you're hoping for.
Hope that helps. | we tried <http://w8ga.codeplex.com/> (w8ga) to work with GA in our win8 js app.
Currently W8GA seems doesn't support html/js. Also I have no idea why developer didn't mension it( it's supports only c#/xaml metro app )
So, we found another way to do it; Look for cobra Tab 's answer at the bottom of this page: <http://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/winappswithhtml5/thread/f81ebbb9-d711-40f1-8a82-9aed44e2d8fe/>
And finally, we are waiting Adobe's Omniture sdk:
<http://microsite.omniture.com/t2/help/en_US/sc/appmeasurement/winrt/index.html#Developer_Quick_Start>
Hope these answers helps... |
11,652,784 | This is not a duplicate. The referenced `duplicate` question specifically asks
>
> "Is there a way in objective-C to find out what the version is of my app?"
>
>
>
whereas the current question asks how it can be found without writing any code.
>
> **Possible Duplicate:**
>
> [How can my iphone app detect its own version number?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/458632/how-can-my-iphone-app-detect-its-own-version-number)
>
>
>
I am writing an ios app and would like my trial users to be able to tell me what version they are using.
I know that you can programmatically display the installed version of your app to a user as in these two posts:
[How can I check the bundle version of our application programmatically?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2657477/how-to-check-bundle-version-for-our-application-by-programming) and [How to display the current project version of my App to the user?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1492351/how-to-display-the-current-project-version-of-my-app-to-the-user)
But do I *have* to do it programmatically? How can I show ios app version number WITHOUT objective-c code? On android the version is automatically available under Manage Applications. | 2012/07/25 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/11652784",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1077204/"
] | In general, if a JavaScript library you want to use is on a CDN or a server external to your app, the answer is no, as Windows apps written with HTML/JavaScript cannot load external JavaScript libraries...if you try, a security exception will occur.
Many libraries will work fine if you copy the JS file into your project and run it locally. For example, jQuery works just fine this way. I have not tried the Google Analytics library, so you might just want to test it out and see if it will work with a local copy.
Something else to consider, however, is that unlike a web site, a Windows app written in HTML/JavaScript may occasionally be offline, in which case, a library written with the assumption of network connectivity would likely not work. So in this particular case, you might not get the data that you're hoping for.
Hope that helps. | I'd recommend using the [Google Analytics SDK for Windows 8 and Windows Phone](http://googleanalyticssdk.codeplex.com). It is built as a WinRT component and therefore supports both JS & Xaml Win8 apps.
Full disclosure: I am the author of this SDK; I built it for my own app and decided to open source it. There are other frameworks out there but AFAIK, none of them support the new GA universal analytics protocol so they only work with older GA properties and don't support all the cool new features GA recently added just for apps. |
11,652,784 | This is not a duplicate. The referenced `duplicate` question specifically asks
>
> "Is there a way in objective-C to find out what the version is of my app?"
>
>
>
whereas the current question asks how it can be found without writing any code.
>
> **Possible Duplicate:**
>
> [How can my iphone app detect its own version number?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/458632/how-can-my-iphone-app-detect-its-own-version-number)
>
>
>
I am writing an ios app and would like my trial users to be able to tell me what version they are using.
I know that you can programmatically display the installed version of your app to a user as in these two posts:
[How can I check the bundle version of our application programmatically?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2657477/how-to-check-bundle-version-for-our-application-by-programming) and [How to display the current project version of my App to the user?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1492351/how-to-display-the-current-project-version-of-my-app-to-the-user)
But do I *have* to do it programmatically? How can I show ios app version number WITHOUT objective-c code? On android the version is automatically available under Manage Applications. | 2012/07/25 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/11652784",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1077204/"
] | In general, if a JavaScript library you want to use is on a CDN or a server external to your app, the answer is no, as Windows apps written with HTML/JavaScript cannot load external JavaScript libraries...if you try, a security exception will occur.
Many libraries will work fine if you copy the JS file into your project and run it locally. For example, jQuery works just fine this way. I have not tried the Google Analytics library, so you might just want to test it out and see if it will work with a local copy.
Something else to consider, however, is that unlike a web site, a Windows app written in HTML/JavaScript may occasionally be offline, in which case, a library written with the assumption of network connectivity would likely not work. So in this particular case, you might not get the data that you're hoping for.
Hope that helps. | We're using the free version of [markedup](https://markedup.com/winrtanalytics) in our applications with great success. In addition to simple page views it shows you some app specific numbers like number of installs, exception details, etc. |
11,652,784 | This is not a duplicate. The referenced `duplicate` question specifically asks
>
> "Is there a way in objective-C to find out what the version is of my app?"
>
>
>
whereas the current question asks how it can be found without writing any code.
>
> **Possible Duplicate:**
>
> [How can my iphone app detect its own version number?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/458632/how-can-my-iphone-app-detect-its-own-version-number)
>
>
>
I am writing an ios app and would like my trial users to be able to tell me what version they are using.
I know that you can programmatically display the installed version of your app to a user as in these two posts:
[How can I check the bundle version of our application programmatically?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2657477/how-to-check-bundle-version-for-our-application-by-programming) and [How to display the current project version of my App to the user?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1492351/how-to-display-the-current-project-version-of-my-app-to-the-user)
But do I *have* to do it programmatically? How can I show ios app version number WITHOUT objective-c code? On android the version is automatically available under Manage Applications. | 2012/07/25 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/11652784",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1077204/"
] | we tried <http://w8ga.codeplex.com/> (w8ga) to work with GA in our win8 js app.
Currently W8GA seems doesn't support html/js. Also I have no idea why developer didn't mension it( it's supports only c#/xaml metro app )
So, we found another way to do it; Look for cobra Tab 's answer at the bottom of this page: <http://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/winappswithhtml5/thread/f81ebbb9-d711-40f1-8a82-9aed44e2d8fe/>
And finally, we are waiting Adobe's Omniture sdk:
<http://microsite.omniture.com/t2/help/en_US/sc/appmeasurement/winrt/index.html#Developer_Quick_Start>
Hope these answers helps... | I'd recommend using the [Google Analytics SDK for Windows 8 and Windows Phone](http://googleanalyticssdk.codeplex.com). It is built as a WinRT component and therefore supports both JS & Xaml Win8 apps.
Full disclosure: I am the author of this SDK; I built it for my own app and decided to open source it. There are other frameworks out there but AFAIK, none of them support the new GA universal analytics protocol so they only work with older GA properties and don't support all the cool new features GA recently added just for apps. |
11,652,784 | This is not a duplicate. The referenced `duplicate` question specifically asks
>
> "Is there a way in objective-C to find out what the version is of my app?"
>
>
>
whereas the current question asks how it can be found without writing any code.
>
> **Possible Duplicate:**
>
> [How can my iphone app detect its own version number?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/458632/how-can-my-iphone-app-detect-its-own-version-number)
>
>
>
I am writing an ios app and would like my trial users to be able to tell me what version they are using.
I know that you can programmatically display the installed version of your app to a user as in these two posts:
[How can I check the bundle version of our application programmatically?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2657477/how-to-check-bundle-version-for-our-application-by-programming) and [How to display the current project version of my App to the user?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1492351/how-to-display-the-current-project-version-of-my-app-to-the-user)
But do I *have* to do it programmatically? How can I show ios app version number WITHOUT objective-c code? On android the version is automatically available under Manage Applications. | 2012/07/25 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/11652784",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1077204/"
] | We're using the free version of [markedup](https://markedup.com/winrtanalytics) in our applications with great success. In addition to simple page views it shows you some app specific numbers like number of installs, exception details, etc. | I'd recommend using the [Google Analytics SDK for Windows 8 and Windows Phone](http://googleanalyticssdk.codeplex.com). It is built as a WinRT component and therefore supports both JS & Xaml Win8 apps.
Full disclosure: I am the author of this SDK; I built it for my own app and decided to open source it. There are other frameworks out there but AFAIK, none of them support the new GA universal analytics protocol so they only work with older GA properties and don't support all the cool new features GA recently added just for apps. |
564,752 | Where did these two phrases come from? Why *stairway* and *highway*?
My own research didn't turn up results on Google that traced the origins of the phrases. I can only speculate (as stated in the comments) that the "stairway to heaven" phrase may derive from Jacob's ladder in Genesis 28 of the Bible, and that "highway to hell" may have just meant "the main road to hell" more than a century ago. [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway) says that *highway* once may have meant "the main road", as modern highway systems, that differ from ancient roads, are 20th century constructions; and I can find the phrase "[highway to hell](https://books.google.com/books?id=WBfLozOs_34C&pg=RA1-PA10&dq=highway+to+hell&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQtP-r6PXvAhXWwQIHHZXZAywQ6AEwAnoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=highway%20to%20hell&f=false)" as far back as the 1600s. | 2021/04/11 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/564752",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/419524/"
] | The Bible.
"Stairway to heaven" is a reference to what is also often referred to as "Jacob's ladder," a ladder the prophet Jacob saw in a dream leading to heaven. In Latin, the original language the Bible was compiled in, the word for "ladder" (i.e., "scalam") is the same word as the word for "stairway" (i.e., "scalam"), which is why what gets called a "ladder" in the King James Version (KJV) of the Bible, for example, is called a "stairway" in other translations, like the New International Version (NIV) and New Living Translation (NLT):
>
> "As he slept, he dreamed of a **stairway** that reached from the earth up
> **to heaven**. And he saw the angels of God going up and down the
> stairway." -Genesis 28:12
>
>
>
Likewise, "highway to hell" is a reference to what is also referred to as the "road to destruction" by Jesus in the KJV of the Bible, like in the NLT:
>
> "You can enter God’s Kingdom only through the narrow gate. The **highway
> to hell** is broad, and its gate is wide for the many who choose that
> way." -Matthew 7:13
>
>
>
Both phrases, "stairway to heaven" and "highway to hell," originated from the Bible through these two extremely famous passages by way of various translations, not just various Protestant translations as a consequence of the Reformation in the 16th century but also in the English vernacular even before then by way of Catholic priests in general translating and interpreting the Bible, which was theretofore written only in Latin, into English for sermons to parishioners and in their day-to-day discussions with parishioners and others, English-speaking laypeople who didn't speak Latin and whom Catholic priests were indoctrinating with their various English translations and interpretations of Bible stories and passages written only in Latin.
Therefore, the Biblical origin of these two English phrases, "stairway to heaven" and "highway to hell," goes back well before the rock bands Led Zeppelin and AC/DC sang them in the 1970s, from Modern English through Middle English even back to Old English, so going back more than a thousand years and first coming into English via Catholic priests fluent in English and Latin reading and interpreting and/or translating into English from *Biblia Sacra Vulgata* (i.e., the *Vulgate*), the original, late-4th-century, Latin compilation of the Bible, which has been in continuous use since the late 4th century and continues to be used to this day by the Roman Catholic Church as its canon. | I think the OP is already close to getting the answer already?
It has to do with the anticipated numbers of people going to each place.
Matthew 7:13
(New Living Translation)
>
> “You can enter God’s Kingdom only through the narrow gate. The highway
> to hell is broad, and its gate is wide for the many who choose that
> way."
>
>
> |
564,752 | Where did these two phrases come from? Why *stairway* and *highway*?
My own research didn't turn up results on Google that traced the origins of the phrases. I can only speculate (as stated in the comments) that the "stairway to heaven" phrase may derive from Jacob's ladder in Genesis 28 of the Bible, and that "highway to hell" may have just meant "the main road to hell" more than a century ago. [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway) says that *highway* once may have meant "the main road", as modern highway systems, that differ from ancient roads, are 20th century constructions; and I can find the phrase "[highway to hell](https://books.google.com/books?id=WBfLozOs_34C&pg=RA1-PA10&dq=highway+to+hell&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQtP-r6PXvAhXWwQIHHZXZAywQ6AEwAnoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=highway%20to%20hell&f=false)" as far back as the 1600s. | 2021/04/11 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/564752",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/419524/"
] | The Bible.
"Stairway to heaven" is a reference to what is also often referred to as "Jacob's ladder," a ladder the prophet Jacob saw in a dream leading to heaven. In Latin, the original language the Bible was compiled in, the word for "ladder" (i.e., "scalam") is the same word as the word for "stairway" (i.e., "scalam"), which is why what gets called a "ladder" in the King James Version (KJV) of the Bible, for example, is called a "stairway" in other translations, like the New International Version (NIV) and New Living Translation (NLT):
>
> "As he slept, he dreamed of a **stairway** that reached from the earth up
> **to heaven**. And he saw the angels of God going up and down the
> stairway." -Genesis 28:12
>
>
>
Likewise, "highway to hell" is a reference to what is also referred to as the "road to destruction" by Jesus in the KJV of the Bible, like in the NLT:
>
> "You can enter God’s Kingdom only through the narrow gate. The **highway
> to hell** is broad, and its gate is wide for the many who choose that
> way." -Matthew 7:13
>
>
>
Both phrases, "stairway to heaven" and "highway to hell," originated from the Bible through these two extremely famous passages by way of various translations, not just various Protestant translations as a consequence of the Reformation in the 16th century but also in the English vernacular even before then by way of Catholic priests in general translating and interpreting the Bible, which was theretofore written only in Latin, into English for sermons to parishioners and in their day-to-day discussions with parishioners and others, English-speaking laypeople who didn't speak Latin and whom Catholic priests were indoctrinating with their various English translations and interpretations of Bible stories and passages written only in Latin.
Therefore, the Biblical origin of these two English phrases, "stairway to heaven" and "highway to hell," goes back well before the rock bands Led Zeppelin and AC/DC sang them in the 1970s, from Modern English through Middle English even back to Old English, so going back more than a thousand years and first coming into English via Catholic priests fluent in English and Latin reading and interpreting and/or translating into English from *Biblia Sacra Vulgata* (i.e., the *Vulgate*), the original, late-4th-century, Latin compilation of the Bible, which has been in continuous use since the late 4th century and continues to be used to this day by the Roman Catholic Church as its canon. | The origin comes in two parts. The first part is that the phrasing is inspired by the Bible, particularly [Genesis 28:12](https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis%2028%3A12&version=VULGATE;NIV) (for *stairway to heaven*) and [Matthew 7:13](https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew%207%3A13&version=VULGATE,NLT) (for *highway to hell*).
The second part is tracking the early usage of this phrase in English. This poses some difficulty, because while *highway* and *stair* as words have been used since Old and Middle English, *stairway* is first attested in the 18th century ([OED 1](https://oed.com/view/Entry/86964), [2](https://oed.com/view/Entry/188744) [3](https://oed.com/view/Entry/188754)). Also, [early translations of Genesis 28:12](http://textusreceptusbibles.com/Interlinear/1028012) only use *ladder*, not *stair* (let alone *stairway*), and [early translations of Matthew 7:13](http://textusreceptusbibles.com/Interlinear/40007013) emphasize that "broad is the way" but don't refer to it as a *highway*, let alone a *highway to hell*. So if we are looking for the origin of these phrases, we cannot rely on early Biblical translation or the English vernacular. Instead, evidence comes from larger corpuses of texts.
Stairway to Heaven
------------------
Searches for *stair* suggest that the concept (but not the phrase) were present before the 19th century. For instance, Samuel Rutherford in *Mr. Rutherfoord's Letters* (1724; accessed on Eighteenth Century Collections Online) describes how Jesus "hath numbered all the steps of the stair up to heaven" (p. 461).
The exact phrase develops in the 19th century as an allusion to multiple ways to Heaven, including both the Tower of Babel and Jacob's Ladder. The first instance of the phrase in Google Books comes in an article published in *[The New Jerusalem Magazine](https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_New_Jerusalem_Magazine/q7E_AQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22stairway%20to%20heaven%22&pg=PA806&printsec=frontcover)* in 1867, in what is not a reference to Genesis 28:12 but perhaps an allusion to Genesis 11 and the Tower of Babel:
>
> He is listening to the voice of the serpent, building his tower as a **stairway to heaven**, and trying to force the camel through the needle's eye.
>
>
>
An article in *[United and Reformed Presbyterian Pulpit](https://www.google.com/books/edition/United_and_Reformed_Presbyterian_Pulpit/x8kpAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22stairway%20to%20heaven%22&pg=PA4&printsec=frontcover)* from 1868 has a similar usage:
>
> The unfinished Babel that he attempted to rear as a **stairway to Heaven** ...
>
>
>
There are also more generic usages, like this one from a story in *[Chetham Miscellanies](https://www.google.com/books/edition/Chetham_Miscellanies/GrdSAAAAcAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22stairway%20to%20heaven%22&pg=RA4-PA45-IA1&printsec=frontcover)* from 1872:
>
> But a more modern writer has given us his idea of another *scala coeli*, or **stairway to heaven** ...
>
>
>
Finally, the first direct allusion to Genesis 28:12 comes with an 1891 [guide on Sunday school lessons](https://www.google.com/books/edition/Select_Notes/Qz5QAQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0):
>
> From Paul's prison in Rome there arose, as from *Jacob's pillow of stones at Bethel*, a golden **stairway to heaven**, with messenger angels ascending and descending it.
>
>
>
So certainly the exact phrase was used fairly early on to refer to Jacob's ladder, but there are sufficient early uses pointing to other sources (specifically Babel) that its actual origin feels more generic. I suspect that the phrase emerged first and then gradually translators applied the translation back to Genesis 28:12.
Highway to Hell
---------------
The first instance of *Highway to Hell* in Early English Books Online comes from a 1612 text titled *[Conceyted letters](https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A16734.0001.001/1:3.15?ALLSELECTED=1;c=eebo;c=eebo2;g=eebogroup;rgn=div2;singlegenre=All;sort=occur;subview=detail;type=simple;view=fulltext;xc=1;q1=highway%20to%20hell)* by Nicholas Breton:
>
> SYr, I heare by some of my acquaintance that you goe
> on apace with the World: I pray GOD you go
> as fast towards Heauen; but by the way let me tell
> you, what I thinke fittest for you, now and then to haue
> minde of, least you forgette the mayne, while the bye∣way
> deceyue you: for what is Honor without vertue?
> King Dauid tells you, it is but a blast: meaning a
> prowde man: and what is Wealth without Wise∣dome,
> but Couetousnesse? and that is the toole of all
> euill: and **what is Life without Grace, the very high∣way
> to Hell?**
>
>
>
The rhetorical effect of this sentence is to compare the *mayne* (the straight and narrow path) with the *byeway* through several examples. Life without grace becomes "the very highway to Hell." Several other sources are attested in the same century, including one that connects the phrasing back to Matthew 7:13's idea of the *broad* path (Samuel Rowlands, *[Heavens Glory, Seeke It](https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A11115.0001.001/1:2?ALLSELECTED=1;c=eebo;c=eebo2;g=eebogroup;rgn=div1;singlegenre=All;sort=occur;subview=detail;type=simple;view=fulltext;xc=1;q1=highway%20to%20hell)*, 1628):
>
> that sinne, **that broad way-path and highway to hell**,
>
>
>
There are many results for the phrase from this point onwards, though [only the NLT (1996)](https://www.biblestudytools.com/search/?s=bibles&q=%22highway%20to%20hell%22&t=&c=all) directly translates the phrase into Matthew 7:13. |
564,752 | Where did these two phrases come from? Why *stairway* and *highway*?
My own research didn't turn up results on Google that traced the origins of the phrases. I can only speculate (as stated in the comments) that the "stairway to heaven" phrase may derive from Jacob's ladder in Genesis 28 of the Bible, and that "highway to hell" may have just meant "the main road to hell" more than a century ago. [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway) says that *highway* once may have meant "the main road", as modern highway systems, that differ from ancient roads, are 20th century constructions; and I can find the phrase "[highway to hell](https://books.google.com/books?id=WBfLozOs_34C&pg=RA1-PA10&dq=highway+to+hell&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQtP-r6PXvAhXWwQIHHZXZAywQ6AEwAnoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=highway%20to%20hell&f=false)" as far back as the 1600s. | 2021/04/11 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/564752",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/419524/"
] | The Bible.
"Stairway to heaven" is a reference to what is also often referred to as "Jacob's ladder," a ladder the prophet Jacob saw in a dream leading to heaven. In Latin, the original language the Bible was compiled in, the word for "ladder" (i.e., "scalam") is the same word as the word for "stairway" (i.e., "scalam"), which is why what gets called a "ladder" in the King James Version (KJV) of the Bible, for example, is called a "stairway" in other translations, like the New International Version (NIV) and New Living Translation (NLT):
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> "As he slept, he dreamed of a **stairway** that reached from the earth up
> **to heaven**. And he saw the angels of God going up and down the
> stairway." -Genesis 28:12
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Likewise, "highway to hell" is a reference to what is also referred to as the "road to destruction" by Jesus in the KJV of the Bible, like in the NLT:
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> "You can enter God’s Kingdom only through the narrow gate. The **highway
> to hell** is broad, and its gate is wide for the many who choose that
> way." -Matthew 7:13
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Both phrases, "stairway to heaven" and "highway to hell," originated from the Bible through these two extremely famous passages by way of various translations, not just various Protestant translations as a consequence of the Reformation in the 16th century but also in the English vernacular even before then by way of Catholic priests in general translating and interpreting the Bible, which was theretofore written only in Latin, into English for sermons to parishioners and in their day-to-day discussions with parishioners and others, English-speaking laypeople who didn't speak Latin and whom Catholic priests were indoctrinating with their various English translations and interpretations of Bible stories and passages written only in Latin.
Therefore, the Biblical origin of these two English phrases, "stairway to heaven" and "highway to hell," goes back well before the rock bands Led Zeppelin and AC/DC sang them in the 1970s, from Modern English through Middle English even back to Old English, so going back more than a thousand years and first coming into English via Catholic priests fluent in English and Latin reading and interpreting and/or translating into English from *Biblia Sacra Vulgata* (i.e., the *Vulgate*), the original, late-4th-century, Latin compilation of the Bible, which has been in continuous use since the late 4th century and continues to be used to this day by the Roman Catholic Church as its canon. | Owing to space limitations, I focus in this answer on a rather narrow subset of questions:
1. How common were the expressions "highway to hell" and "highway to heaven" in the period before 1700?
2. How common were they in the period before 1600?
3. How were these expressions understood in the pre-1600 period?
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***EEBO data on 'highway/high-way/high way/high waie/high road to hell/hel'***
Early English Books Online searches find 86 unique instances of "highway to hell" (in various spellings). Here are the number of unique occurrences of each variant and the years of publication of each instance:
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> **highway to hell**: 7 unique instances (1618, 1621, 1628, 1628, 1646, 1658, 1674)
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> **high-way to hell:** 28 unique instances (1616, 1630/1639, 1633, 1640, 1643, 1651, 1656, 1657, 1657, 1657, 1657, 1658, 1660, 1660, 1661, 1661, 1662, 1667, 1667, 1673, 1677/1678, 1677/1681, 1677/1684, 1680, 1683, 1687, 1689, 1696)
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> **high way to hell** (43 unique instances (1589, 1592/1596, 1598, 1599, 1601, 1601, 1603, 1604, 1611, 1613, 1615, 1615, 1616, 1619, 1620, 1621, 1622/1624, 1622/1630, 1623, 1628, 1630, 1635, 1636, 1641, 1642, 1651, 1653, 1653, 1655/1657, 1656, 1657, 1658, 1662, 1663/1664, 1665, 1672, 1673/1679, 1675, 1677, 1678, 1683/1685, 1689, 1697)
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> **high way to hel:** 2 instances (1572, 1595)
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> **high waie to hell:** 2 instances (1581, 1649)
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> **high road to hell:** 4 instances: 1662, 1668, 1695, 1696
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> **Total before 1700 = 86; total before 1600 = 7**
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***EEBO data on 'highway/high-way/high way/high waie/high vvay/high-road to heaven/heauen'***
Here is how the 138 unique occurrences of the variant spellings of "highway to heaven" are distributed, along with the year of publication of each occurrence:
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> **highway to heaven:** 11 unique instances (1599/1629, 1624, 1632, 1632/1641, 1635, 1635/1680, 1645, 1656, 1675, 1677, 1697)
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> **highway to heauen:** 6 unique instances (1590, 1595, 1616, 1617, 1620, 1623)
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> **high-way to heaven:** 34 unique instances (1633, 1634, 1636, 1636/1650, 1639/1640, 1651, 1654, 1654, 1654, 1657, 1657, 1658, 1658, 1659, 1660, 1660, 1660, 1660, 1661, 1661, 1662, 1663, 1664, 1665, 1667, 1674, 1679, 1679, 1681, 1682, 1685, 1691–1692, 1695, 1698)
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> **high-way to heauen:** 6 unique instances (1610, 1617, 1619, 1620, 1620, 1629)
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> high-vvay to heauen: 1 unique instance (1609)
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> **high way to heaven:** 27 unique instances (1584, 1591/1595, 1599/1605, 1622, 1625, 1632, 1636, 1640, 1641, 1642, 1643, 1644, 1648, 1650, 1657, 1658, 1660, 1661, 1665, 1670, 1678, 1679, 1681, 1683, 1683, 1687, 1694)
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> **high way to heauen:** 46 unique instances (1553/1564, 1554/1583, 1554/1583, 1570, 1578, 1581, 1581, 1581, 1583, 1583, 1589, 1592, 1593, 1594, 1595, 1595/1606, 1597, 1597, 1599, 1600, 1601, 1602, 1603, 1603, 1604, 1606, 1607, 1608, 1609, 1609, 1612, 1615, 1616, 1617, 1618, 1620, 1622, 1622/1630, 1624, 1624, 1625, 1626, 1630, 1631, 1632, 1654)
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> high waie to heuen: 2unique instances (1581, 1581)
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> **high vvay to heaven:** 1 unique instance (1597)
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> **high vvay to heauen:** 2 unique instances (1620, 1663)
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> **high-road to heaven:** 2 unique instances (1654, 1699)
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> **Total before 1700 = 138; total before 1600 = 27**
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Although I removed all duplicate occurrences of the same text within a particular search, in some instances a variant spelling of the same instance of an expression turned up in a different edition or source and so may have been counted more than once. For example, the instance of "highway to heaven" in John Bradford's 1554 letter to his mother and brethren appears in at least three different spellings in at least four different books (including Foxe's *Martyrology*). I have tried to weed out obvious duplicates across different spellings as well—since they aren't really unique instances of the expression—but some undoubtedly have slipped through.
Still, I think it probable that the unique EEBO matches for "highway to heaven" and its variants before 1700 number at least 125, whereas the unique EEBO matches for "highway to hell" during the same period do not number more than 86.
In assigning a year to each instance of the expression, I have primarily relied on the publication date that EEBO identifies. In cases where the author died one or more years prior to publication of the book cited, I have included the year of the author's death as part of a dual year citation. In instances where the book is a translation from another language, I have not included the date of original publication (if known) or the year of the author's death, on the theory that the translation the expression may be the translator's invention, rather than a literal translation of the original text's wording. For example, a [1654 translation of Marguerite of Navarre's *Heptameron*](https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo2/A89527.0001.001/1:12.2?ALLSELECTED=1;c=eebo;c=eebo2;g=eebogroup;rgn=div2;singlegenre=All;sort=datea;subview=detail;type=simple;view=fulltext;xc=1;q1=high-way+to+heaven) includes the following sentence:
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> Madam, For the time to come trust no more to such Hypocrites, I thought I had my Daughter in the **High-way to Heaven**, and the Suburbs of Paradise, and I have put her into Hell, and into the Hands of the worst Devils that ever were; ...
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I have associated this instance with the year 1654, even though Marguerite died in the year 1549.
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***Usage of 'high way to hel[l]' in the 1500s***
As noted above, EEBO searches turn up seven unique instances of the expression "high way to hell [or hel]" in texts published before 1600. I reproduce six of them, in chronological order, below.
From John Leslie, [*A Treatise of Treasons against Q. Elizabeth, and the Croune of England Diuided into Two Partes...*](https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A21247.0001.001/1:6?ALLSELECTED=1;c=eebo;c=eebo2;g=eebogroup;rgn=div1;singlegenre=All;sort=datea;subview=detail;type=simple;view=fulltext;xc=1;q1=high+way+to+hel) (1572):
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> And can these two Religions be called one in effect, wherof the one teacheth that to be Idolatry, and the **high way to hel**: that the other doth adore, as ye chiefest outwarde Honour, Sacrifice, & seruice, that man can doe, or geue to God in this life?
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From Thomas Lupton, [*A Dreame of the Diuell and Diues Most Terrible and Fearefull to the Seruantes of Sathan, but Right Comfortable and Acceptable to the Children of God*](https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A06477.0001.001/1:3?ALLSELECTED=1;c=eebo;c=eebo2;g=eebogroup;rgn=div1;singlegenre=All;sort=datea;subview=detail;type=simple;view=fulltext;xc=1;q1=high+way+to+hell) (1589):
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> *Theophilus.* Though you in that case made no account of the diuell: yet doubtlesse, the diuell made some account of you.
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> *Eumenides.* Bee sure of that, yet I knowe certainely hee is deceiued, but if God had made no more account of mee then I did of my selfe: the diuell had not bin so deceiued of me as he is, nor I so out of his daunger as I am: for I was in the very **high way to hell**, & none went faster to the diuel then I: though you & diuers other willed me to forsake that way, but all that would not serue.
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From Anthony Copley, [*Wits Fittes and Fancies Fronted and Entermedled with Presidentes of Honour and Wisdome*](https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A19322.0001.001/1:5.2?ALLSELECTED=1;c=eebo;c=eebo2;g=eebogroup;rgn=div2;singlegenre=All;sort=datea;subview=detail;type=simple;view=fulltext;xc=1;q1=high+way+to+hel) (1595):
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> A Spanish Frier hauing granted vnto him a Bishopricke in India: Hee thus bespake the Emperours Secretarie, that drewe the assignation. Sir, because I know how daungerous a thing a Bishopricke is to one that knowes not howe to discharge his pastorall dutie therein as hee ought, and knowing withall my owne insufficiencie in that behalfe, I am verilie of opinion, that for me to be a Bishop were my **high way to hel**. And in sooth to go to hell by India is a great way about: Wherfore I pray you assigne me some neerer Sea, or none at all.
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From W. Jones, "[The Printer to the Christian Reader](https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A07686.0001.001/1:3?ALLSELECTED=1;c=eebo;c=eebo2;g=eebogroup;rgn=div1;singlegenre=All;sort=datea;subview=detail;type=simple;view=fulltext;xc=1;q1=high+way+to+hell)," in John More, *A Liuely Anatomie of Death Wherein You May See from Whence It Came, What It Is by Nature, and What by Christ* (1596):
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> I thought good to present you with this *Anatomie of Death*, that in the middest of your delightes, you may take a view of him, who will in the ende, cut off all your delights. Accept it as I import it, the Pawne of my good desire to pleasure you, and Bill for your assurance, to receaue greater things at my hand, when opportunitie shall serue: in the meane time, as you tender the health of your body, so likewyse care for the health of your soule: remembring, that Death to the wicked, is the **high way to Hell**: but Death to Gods chyldren, is the path-way to Heauen.
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From George Gifford, "[Sermon 1](https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo2/A01725.0001.001/1:4?ALLSELECTED=1;c=eebo;c=eebo2;g=eebogroup;rgn=div1;singlegenre=All;sort=datea;subview=detail;type=simple;view=fulltext;xc=1;q1=high+way+to+hell)," in *Foure Sermons vpon Seuerall Partes of Scripture* (1598):
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> O how can men be saued while they stand in this estate, being either high minded, or trusting in vncertaine riches! Is not the way to heauen vnto them as the eye of a small needle is vnto an huge Camell? This is the very **high way to hell**, euen the broad way in which they walke: let them therefore harken what vertues the holie Apostle calleth them vnto, when they haue renounced and forsaken those two most pestiferous vices, which make the way to heauen vnpassable to them: the first is, that they trust in the liuing God.
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From Edward Topsell, "[The Eleuenth Sermon](https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A13827.0001.001/1:3.11?ALLSELECTED=1;c=eebo;c=eebo2;g=eebogroup;rgn=div2;singlegenre=All;sort=datea;subview=detail;type=simple;view=fulltext;xc=1;q1=high+way+to+hell)," in *Times Lamentation: or An Exposition on the Prophet Ioel, in Sundry Sermons or Meditations* (1599):
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> Oh would not this grieue the heart of man, to see so many, so great, so aged, so wealthie, so tender to abhorre all mortification, and the sorrowfull way to life; but to embrance all condemnation, and the ioyfull **high way to hell fire**. Know you not that ease slayeth the foolish, and the restie oxe is prepared for the slaughter? why then do you thirst still for more pleasure, and hunger after more vanitie?
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Lupton's 1589 instance is interesting because it explicitly uses the expression "high way to hell" in the context of traveling "faster" to the devil. Jones's 1596 instance is striking because it contrasts the "high way to Hell" with the "path-way to Heauen," suggesting that the former carries far more traffic than the latter. And finally, Gifford's 1598 instance is noteworthy for emphasizing that "the high way to hell" is indeed a "broad way," whereas, for the rich (invoking the biblical warning), the passage to heaven is as difficult as entering through the eye of a needle would be to a camel.
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***Usage of 'highway to heaven' in the 1500s***
Of the 28 unique matches for "highway to heaven" from the 1500s, the vast majority spell "high way" as two words and "heaven" as "heauen." Nevertheless, EEBO does report a smattering of instances of "highway," "heaven," and "heavven." Here are the earliest fifteen instances of the expression, ordered chronologically.
From a [letter by John Bradford to Richard Hopkins](https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo2/A19465.0001.001/1:12.29?ALLSELECTED=1;c=eebo;c=eebo2;g=eebogroup;rgn=div2;singlegenre=All;sort=datea;subview=detail;type=simple;view=fulltext;xc=1;q1=high+way+to+heauen) (July 4, 1553), in *Certain Most Godly, Fruitful, and Comfortable Letters of Such True Saintes and Holy Martyrs of God, as in the Late Bloodye Persecution Here Within This Realme, Gaue Their Lyues for the Defence of Christes Holy Gospel Written in the Tyme of Their Affliction and Cruell Imprysonment* (1564):
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> Cal vpon God therfore now in your trouble and he wil heare you, yea deliuer you in such sort as most shall make both to his & your glory also. And in this calling I hartely pray you to praye for me your fellowe in affliction. Now we be both going in ye **high way to heauen**, for by many afflictions must we enter in thether: whether god bring vs for his mercies sake, Amē, Amē.
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From a [letter by John Bradford to his mother](https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A67926.0001.001/1:124..27.20.1?ALLSELECTED=1;c=eebo;c=eebo2;g=eebogroup;rgn=div5;singlegenre=All;sort=datea;subview=detail;type=simple;view=fulltext;xc=1;q1=high+way+to+heauen) (1554[?]) in John Foxe, *Actes and Monuments of Matters most Speciall and Memorable, Happenyng in the Church*, Book 1 (1583):
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> I am at this present in prison sure enough for starring, to confirme that I haue preached vnto you: as I am ready (I thanke God) with my lyfe and bloud to seale the same, if god vouch me worthy of that honor. For good mother and brethren, it is a most speciall benefite of God, to suffer for his names sake and gospel, as now I doe: I hartily thanke him for it, and am sure that with him I shal be partaker of his glory, as Paule sayth? *If we suffer with hym we shall raygne with him*. Therfore be not faynt harted, but rather reioyce, at the least for my sake which now am in ye right and **high way to heauen**: for by many afflictions we must enter into the kingdome of heauen.
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From a [letter by John Bradford to Lord Russell](https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A67926.0001.001/1:124..27.20.12?ALLSELECTED=1;c=eebo;c=eebo2;g=eebogroup;rgn=div5;singlegenre=All;sort=datea;subview=detail;type=simple;view=fulltext;xc=1;q1=high+way+to+heauen) (1554[?]) in John Foxe, *Actes and Monuments of Matters most Speciall and Memorable, Happenyng in the Church*, Book 1 (1583):
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> For though the reason or wisedome of the worlde thinke of the Crosse according to theyr reach and according to theyr present sence, and therefore flyeth from it as from a most great ignominye and shame: Yet Gods Scholers haue learned otherwise to thinke of the Crosse, that is the frame house in the which God frameth his children lyke to his sonne Christ: the Fornace that fineth Gods golde: the **high way to Heauen**: the Sute and Liuery that Gods seruauntes are serued withall: the earnest and beginning of all consolation and glory.
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From a biographical sketch of Demosthenes appended to a [1570 translation of *Demosthenes, The Three Orations of Demosthenes Chiefe Orator Among the Grecians, in Fauour of the Olynthians*](https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A20143.0001.001/1:22?ALLSELECTED=1;c=eebo;c=eebo2;g=eebogroup;rgn=div1;singlegenre=All;sort=datea;subview=detail;type=simple;view=fulltext;xc=1;q1=high+way+to+heauen):
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> So that whereas there be two wayes of loue offered to euery one at his first entrie, to tread in, the one sauage, rude, and wicked, being the very path to hell, death, and damnation: the other, godly, plaine, right, and honest, being the **high way to heauen**, and al the ioyes that may be, the which way entiseth all good men to it, through the beautie thereof, & draweth all them with an heauenly traunce or motion of minde, that are borne of Gods race: ...
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From a [1578 translation of Caspar Huberinus, *A Riche Storehouse, or Treasurie, for the Sicke, Full of Christian Counsels Holesome Doctrines, Comfortable Persuasions, and Godly Meditations, Meete for All Christians, Both in Sicknesse and in Health*](https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo2/A03788.0001.001/1:4?ALLSELECTED=1;c=eebo;c=eebo2;g=eebogroup;rgn=div1;singlegenre=All;sort=datea;subview=detail;type=simple;view=fulltext;xc=1;q1=high+way+to+heauen):
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> The second [reason for writing this book], from Christian loue and [cha]ritie, the bond of all perfection, where[to] the souldiers of Christe are specially [u]rged: which then (indeede) most natu[ral] appeareth, when we, (perceiuing the bodies of our brethren and sisters so infeebled and consumed with sicknesse, or otherwise by lawe, through desert of death, iudged and condemned, that they are past all temporall recouerie,) succour neuerthelesse their appassionate soules, with comfortable restorities of the spirite, that they may the more willingly forsake the wildernesse of this worlde, and constantly trauell the **high way to heauen**.
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From a [1581 translation of Stefano Guazzo, *The Ciuile Conuersation ...*](https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A02291.0001.001/1:5?ALLSELECTED=1;c=eebo;c=eebo2;g=eebogroup;rgn=div1;singlegenre=All;sort=datea;subview=detail;type=simple;view=fulltext;xc=1;q1=high+way+to+heauen)"
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> *Annibal.* If there be nothing else to kéepe her [Queen Elizabeth] from heauen but her religion, no doubt but she shal goe thither so soone as God shal plague her subiects so sore as to take her from them: For I can tell you this, that the most learned men in the worlde are of this opinion, that her religion is the very **high way to heauen**.
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From Abraham Fleming, [*The Diamond of Deuotion Cut and Squared into Sixe Seuerall Points...*](https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A00935.0001.001/1:9?ALLSELECTED=1;c=eebo;c=eebo2;g=eebogroup;rgn=div1;singlegenre=All;sort=datea;subview=detail;type=simple;view=fulltext;xc=1;q1=high+waie+to+heauen) (1581):
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> Who so therefore is desirous to taste of the fruite of the trée of life, and to drinke of the pleasant running riuers of rest: who so (I saie) longeth after true happines, and faine would sée good daies, let him endeuour to the vttermost of his might, to tame and bridle his wandering desires, which if they be not brought vnder, and constrained to grone vnder the yoke of subiection, he shall haue his mind so bent vpon transitorie vanities, and his wilso wedded to this wicked world, that the light of his vnderstanding being put out, he shall neuer finde the footepath of faith leading the **high waie to heauen**. In this respect therefore let vs learne what is to be done?
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> Consider these circumstances, and account them all Gods blessings, ascribe nothing to thy selfe, which art a lumpe of sin, but attribute all vnto Gods prouidence, which hath wrought all in all, be thankefull for it, and giue the glorie to his eternall name. This is the footepath of faith, which leadeth the **high waie to heauen**.
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> My thoughts are not your thoughts, neither are my waies your waies, saith the Lord. As if he should say, your thoughts are vncleane, corrupt, earthie, vile, vnpure, vnperfect, sinfull, abominable, wicked, variable, momentanie, vncertaine, wauering: for they are ingendered in your hearts, which are nothing else but a sinkehole of sinfulnesse, a dunghill of naughtinesse, a puddle of filthinesse, a lake of vncleannesse, and what is worst that is your heart. As for your waies, they are no better. Thus by an antithesis, or opposition, the Lord teacheth vs what his waies are, euen the waies of truth, righteousnesse, puritie, and perfection: wherein who soeuer walketh, no doubt, he is in the **high way to heauen**, and treadeth the footepath to felicitie.
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> [I]n this waie [the way of the Lord] whosoeuer walketh, the moone shall not hurt him by night, nor the sunne annoie him by day: the pestilence shall not touch him, the arrowes of the hunter shall not wound him, he shall not stumble, nor hit his foot against a stone, the Lord will ouershadowe him with the shield of safetie, the Lord will be his defence, his buckler, his speare against all his enimies, no lightning from aboue, no earthquake beneath, no consuming fire on this side, no raging sea on that, no element, no planet, finallie, no creature shall do him anie harme. This honor will the Lord vouchsafe all such as walke in his waie, which is the waie of life, the **high waie to heauen**, and the footepath to felicitie.
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From a [1581 translation of Jean de Cartigny, *The Voyage of the Wandering Knight*](https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A18066.0001.001/1:6.6?ALLSELECTED=1;c=eebo;c=eebo2;g=eebogroup;rgn=div2;singlegenre=All;sort=datea;subview=detail;type=simple;view=fulltext;xc=1;q1=high+way+to+heauen):
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> Were the Husband-man any better than a foole, if hée should hope in Harurst to reape Corne of his ground, where he hath sowed no seede, when season serued? Euen so is that man meruailously misinformed, that thinketh to atchieue perfect felicitie, or to reape true blessednesse, hauing not first fallowed his field with Uertue, Good déedes, Faith, Hope and Charitie, which is the **High way to Heauen**.
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From John Foxe, [*Actes and Monuments of Matters most Speciall and Memorable, Happenyng in the Church*](https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A67927.0001.001/1:14..10?ALLSELECTED=1;c=eebo;c=eebo2;g=eebogroup;rgn=div3;singlegenre=All;sort=datea;subview=detail;type=simple;view=fulltext;xc=1;q1=high+way+to+heauen), Book 2 (1583):
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> All the holy Prophetes, Christ and hys Apostles suffered such afflictions not for euill doing, but for preaching Gods word, for rebuking the world of sinne, and for theyr fayth in Iesus Christ. This is the ordinance of GOD (my Frendes) this is the **high way to heauen**, by corporall death to eternall life: as Christ sayth, he that heareth my woordes and beleeueth in him that sent mee, hath eternall life, and shall not come into iudgement, but is escaped from death to life.
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From Robert Parson, [*A Booke of Christian Exercise Appertaining to Resolution, That Is, Shewing How That We Should Resolve Our Selves to Become Christians Indeed*](https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A09069.0001.001/1:7.2?ALLSELECTED=1;c=eebo;c=eebo2;g=eebogroup;rgn=div2;singlegenre=All;sort=datea;subview=detail;type=simple;view=fulltext;xc=1;q1=high+way+to+heaven) (1584):
>
> Lastlie, if Gods eternal wisdome hath so ordained and appointed, that this shal be the badge and liverie of his Son; the **high way to heaven**, under the standard of his crosse: then ought we not to refuse this liverie; nor to flie this way, but rather with good Peter and Iohn to esteem it a great dignitie, to be made woorthy of the most blessed participation therof.
>
>
>
From Thomas Lupton, [*A Dreame of the Diuell and Diues Most Terrible and Fearefull to the Seruantes of Sathan, but Right Comfortable and Acceptable to the Children of God*](https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A06477.0001.001/1:3?ALLSELECTED=1;c=eebo;c=eebo2;g=eebogroup;rgn=div1;singlegenre=All;sort=datea;subview=detail;type=simple;view=fulltext;xc=1;q1=high+way+to+heauen) (1589):
>
> *Eumenides.* ... Diues furthermore sayde, O how hapy are they that are on the earth, for that they haue time to repent, and to liue, godly, to whom the Deuill answered: yea, but how vnhappy are they that will not repent, but liues most abhomiably and wickedly. Then saide Diues, if their hearts were not hardned and their mindes bewitched, they woulde not doe so, they I perceiue make little account of that precious Iewell the Gospell, which teacheth them the **high way to Heauen**, and so to shune the fiery flames of hell.
>
>
>
From Richard Harvey, [*A Theologicall Discourse of the Lamb of God and His Enemies...*](https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A68146.0001.001/1:4?ALLSELECTED=1;c=eebo;c=eebo2;g=eebogroup;rgn=div1;singlegenre=All;sort=datea;subview=detail;type=simple;view=fulltext;xc=1;q1=highway+to+heauen) (1590):
>
> This place is the common highway and passage from Syria to Palestina by ferry, and therefore a most populous and much frequented place, saith *Gualter*: this is the place, which the Israëlites went through right ouer Iericho with their puissant & triumphant captaine *Iosua*, while the water of Iordane was miraculously driuen backward on the right hand and on the left, and therefore a famous and wonderful place: *Iosua c.* 3. *v.* 16: this is the place, where the inhabitants of mount Ephraim tooke the princes of the Madianites by the appointment of *Gedeon*, both *Oreb* and *Zeb*, and therefore a victorious and renowmed place: *Iudges c.* 7. *v.* 24, 25: a place both for the former excellencie and present vse most fit for *Iohns* baptisme, wherby we enter the **highway to heauen**, in which we tread the path that leadeth vs against our spiritual enimies, & by which we ouercome the kings of this worlde, and the chiefest in the waies of the ayre.
>
>
>
From Henry Smith, "[Iacobs Ladder, or The High Way to Heauen: Being the last sermon that Master Henry Smith made](https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A12361.0001.001/1:2?ALLSELECTED=1;c=eebo;c=eebo2;g=eebogroup;rgn=div1;singlegenre=All;sort=datea;subview=detail;type=simple;view=fulltext;xc=1;q1=high+way+to+heauen)" (1591/1595):
>
> Death also is dreadfull: what then? but to whom I pray thee? euen to the man that hath his trust in his riches, or hath no hope of a better life: but to him that beleeueth in Christ, it is become through the power of the death and obedience of Christ, a speedie passage to eternall life. We endure many dreadfull and dangerous thinges, and runne through fire & water, and alfor a corruptible crowne: And why should wee not with patience and prayer passe through this, which is the very **high way to heauen**? Besides, hell is horrible[:] Neither will I deny that: but still I demaund to whom it is so?
>
>
>
From Robert Greene, [*Greenes, Groats-worth of Witte, Bought with a Million of Repentance*](https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A02103.0001.001/1:6?ALLSELECTED=1;c=eebo;c=eebo2;g=eebogroup;rgn=div1;singlegenre=All;sort=datea;subview=detail;type=simple;view=fulltext;xc=1;q1=high+way+to+heauen) (1592):
>
> Nay then, saide the Player, I mislike your iudgement: why, I am as famous for Delphrigus, & the King of Fairies, as euer was any of my time. The twelue labors of Hercules haue I terribly thundred on the Stage, and plaid thrée Scenes of the Deuill in the **High way to heauen**.
>
>
>
And from Barnabe Rich, [*Greenes Newes Both from Heauen and Hell: Prohibited the First for Writing of Bookes, and Banished out of the Last for Displaying of Conny-Catchers*](https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A02117.0001.001/1:3?ALLSELECTED=1;c=eebo;c=eebo2;g=eebogroup;rgn=div1;singlegenre=All;sort=datea;subview=detail;type=simple;view=fulltext;xc=1;q1=high+way+to+heauen) (1593):
>
> When pittiles Death had sommoned my soule to leaue his transitory estate, infusing his frosty humour through all the parts of my body, leauing my breathles corps a fitte pray for the sepulcher, my deceased ghost wandring now to and fro in many obscure & vnknown waies, desirous to find a place of rest, at the length lighted into a straight and narrow tract, so ouergrowne with bryers & brambles, that there was almost no passage left, and as it should séeme vnto me, did lead vnto some ruinated place, where all former trade & traffique was decayed, the solitarines wherof (me thought) was best befitting & answerable to my humor: so that with great difficulty scratching through the bushes, it brought me at the length to the foote of a mighty stéepe Hil, whose height I was not able to discerne, but by the vnpleasantnes of y[e] path, leading ouer monstrous Rocks craggy & ill fauoured to passe, I perceiued it to be the **high way to Heauen**. ...
>
>
> ...
>
>
> Hée [one of Greene's companions] breaking out into sundry passions, some-times raging against the Myller, saying that he was but an ignorant and a lying Heretique: then calling to his memory the long tyme he had spent in seeking of Purgatory, hee beganne as vehemently to rayle against the Pope, and as bitterly to exclaime against hys *Iesuites* and *Seminaries*, that had promised to instruct hym in the **high way to Heauen**, and directlie sent him the verie next way to Hell.
>
>
>
The most noteworthy thing about these instances is that most of them treat the "highway to heaven" in serious terms as an accurate metaphor for the way to reach eternal rest. Many of them treat martyrdom (or at least affliction) as a straight and fair means to salvation—indeed, one that believers should whole-heartedly embrace. Only Barnabe Rich's 1593 piece treats the notion of the highway to heaven with some degree of irony, presenting it as an unpleasant path "leading ouer monstrous Rocks craggy & ill fauoured to passe."
I also note that Thomas Lupton's 1589 *Dreame of the Diuell and Diues* contains references to both the "high way to hell" (the second earliest such mention in EEBO's search results) and the "high way to Heauen" (the eleventh such mention in EEBO's search results).
---
***Conclusions***
The early matches from searches of the Early English Books Online database confirm that both "highway to hell" and "highway to heaven" were well established metaphors by 1600, although the latter was considerably more common than the former. In fact, "highway to heaven" is more common than "highway to hell" not only in the period 1550–1559 but also in the period 1600–1699 (albeit by a much smaller proportion in the second time period).
As one might expect, the "highway to heaven" was generally presented as entailing self-discipline, privation, and (often) suffering, whereas the "highway to hell" was associated with luxury, immoderate pleasures, and wicked self-indulgence. I would caution, however, against imagining that the "highway to heaven" was understood ironically or oxymoronically. Most sixteenth-century writers who alluded to the "highway to heaven," I think, viewed it as indeed a straight road to salvation to be willingly traveled; if anything, these writers tended to play down the difficulty and self-sacrifice involved in keeping to it, focusing instead on the present spiritual joys and future rewards to be had from righteousness.
In both cases, I understand "the highway" as signifying "the direct route"—whether to hell or to heaven. |
53,968 | Our database has been giving this error occassionally...
"Timeout expired. The timeout period elapsed prior to completion of the operation or the server is not responding. ---> System.ComponentModel.Win32Exception (0x80004005): The wait operation timed out
at System.Data.SqlClient.SqlInternalConnection.OnError"
I have run perfmon with below results. How can I check what is causing such high disk I/O?
The Avg. Disk Queue Length counter (blue) is very high.
Thanks!
 | 2013/11/26 | [
"https://dba.stackexchange.com/questions/53968",
"https://dba.stackexchange.com",
"https://dba.stackexchange.com/users/30763/"
] | **To the question you asked:**
I wouldn't rely on disk queue alone. In fact I rarely even ever look at disk queue lengths unless I'm getting in deep with a problem. It is best to look at your disk's latency. Those are the Avg. Disk Sec/Read (or /Write and /Transfer) counters. That tells you what your disk latency is from Windows' perspective. So the time that the request was taking after sent to the disk and brought back.. Disk Queuing nowadays doesn't tell you a lot because most IO subsystems are able to handle a disk queue depth and have multiple spindles doing work in your RAID group often. Finally - In this case - your disk queue length doesn't even look that bad. From here it looks like the max it was in the time of this screenshot (for the average length) was 1.377. That's nothing on most SQL Server systems. Look at your actual latency. Also I don't look at % Disk Time.. I look at the idle time instead. That is a more reliable counter and you just have to do a little math to read it.. The more idle, the less activity.
**To The General Question Behind Your Question**
I'll ask this one by starting with a question - **Why did you go right to your IO?** There could be any number of things causing your slowdown. And to answer that exhaustively here is tough but a high level of some things to look at/consider:
* **Are you experiencing blocking?** I would download [SP\_Whoisactive](http://whoisactive.com) and have a look at that while you are getting these errors. Do you see blocking? Do you see the query behind the request(s) that are timing out? What is the duration?
+ **Have you analyzed your SQL Server [Wait Stats](http://johnsterrett.com/2013/10/08/benchmark-sql-server-wait-statistics/) to see what your chief cause of waits are?**
+ **Do you know which query or queries are causing the timeouts?** If so can you look at those and see if there is any room for tuning?
There could be many other things here. This could be on the connection or network. It could be blocking, it could be a need for index tuning and query tuning, it could be that you expect the queries to take longer than the default 30 second timeout, etc.
But I'd try and gather more data and then choose a path to go down. This is an old [whitepaper](http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc966413.aspx) but it is very useful to performance tuning by waits. While there will be new wait type Tom didn't mention in this paper, it still very much applies and will help you out. | Just a side note: I have heard from a few presentations that average disk queue length can be a bit skewed if you are looking at a virtual machine. With the different cache points between that VM to the physical disk, it can give you different readings. Just something to be cautious of when checking it.
When I hear an application is receiving timeout errors, the first question I ask the developers or application admin is have you changed the default behavior of the SQLClient being used. Applications I have come across lately have messed with this setting, usually increased it or ended up making it shorter.
As Mike already mentioned there are a ton of things that can be involved in this one, not just disk issues. Do you have a baseline or previous measures of that disk activity to know if it is actually increased?
With timeout errors I usually go toward checking Profiler or Extended Events for long running queries. You can find examples of this for Extended Events [here](http://www.sqlskills.com/blogs/paul/tracking-expensive-queries-with-extended-events-in-sql-2008/) and [here](http://blog.sqlauthority.com/2010/03/29/sql-server-introduction-to-extended-events-finding-long-running-queries/). The quickest check would be Profiler on the specific database the application uses and just filter for duration close to the default timeout setting being used.
You can also just go after the expensive queries in your plan cache as well. I will check that if I can often just to see what is being done. |
7,748,590 | I have a project in development that I need to test, but it won't compile because I have unreferenced variables and the option is enabled to turn all warnings into errors. I have googled it and see that there is supposed to be a build page that I cannot find. Help where do I turn this off?
 | 2011/10/13 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/7748590",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/65148/"
] | It would appear that for VS 2008 Pro The option is in Project»Properties»Configuration Properties»C/C++»General. As shown in the image.
 | Right click your root project folder in Solution Explorer and select 'Properties'.
This should open with a bunch of horizontal tabs on the left. Click the 'Build' tab and look for the sub section labeled "Treat warnings as errors". You will probably see that the 'All' option is selected and this is what is causing your warnings to be treated as errors.
Note that this usually happens under the 'Release' profile which is more strict by default about errors than say 'Debug'. |
18,698,067 | Currently i use a MS Powerpoint file to track subversion tag names, branches and merges using lines and text boxes. I only want to keep track and display the svn tag names, branch names and revision numbers. Do not want a cluttered display.
Is there a good free tool that can store this type of version control information and display the data in a graphical way to track upgrade paths, etc.?
Either a tool that interfaces to the subversion server directly or a standalone tool where the data is input manually - either would be good - better than managing via MS Powerpoint file.
screenshot of ppt file: <http://i.imgur.com/6nNXDXp.png> | 2013/09/09 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/18698067",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/2504612/"
] | I suppose you can try to use [TortoiseSVN](http://tortoisesvn.net/) and build [graph](http://tortoisesvn.net/bigpicture.html#revisiongraph). | If you're looking to automate the process, there are tools out there that can do that for you, like **[svn-graph-branches](http://code.google.com/p/svn-graph-branches/)**.
Note: this question has **[already been answered before](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/13039/is-there-a-tool-that-can-display-a-svn-repository-visually-i-e-pretty-charts)**. |
47,117 | What is a word that means "periodically purged" or "cleansed by fire"? | 2011/11/03 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/47117",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/14469/"
] | *[Swailing](http://scienceray.com/biology/ecology/swailing-hazard-reduction-burning/)* is the term used by the forestry community to describe the process of using intentional controlled burns to reduce the hazards of forest fires and to encourage new tree growth.
Usage of *swailing* appears particular to wooded parts of the UK (except, naturally, Scotland, where it is called *[muirburn](http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2011/08/09125252/0)* or *moorburn*). *Controlled burn* is more common in the US. *Prescribed burn* is also common in Australia.
An elegant pen could make fine use of *swailing* in a literary context, but it may send readers running for a dictionary -- and, unfortunately, the reputable entries for *swailing* seem to be few. | The word *[salamanderize](http://books.google.com/books?id=BKMvAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA38&lpg=RA1-PA38&dq=%22salamanderize%22&source=bl&ots=rkjgr86STR&sig=cE6QXLWJ4gj8_q-fjYzqbFVpnZk&hl=en&ei=jz-yTtypOfTZiALtwY2DAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CEYQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22salamanderize%22&f=false)* has been used with that sort of meaning (regenerate, rejuvenate), but I think in more recent usage just means to burn up without regeneration. 
There are several mystical terms that reflect the concept, named with catch-phrases like *fiery rebirth*, *Phoenix rising* and *star fire cycle*. Less-mystical phrases include *fire cycle* (meaning the actual cycle of fire and regrowth in forests), *rising from the ashes*, *tried in the crucible*, and *purified by fire*. The latter two phrases appear in or stem from Proverbs 27:21 and Zechariah 13:8-9 respectively.
*[Serotiny](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serotiny)* is a related but plant-specific term: "an ecological adaptation exhibited by some seed plants, in which seed release occurs in response to an environmental trigger, [...] The most common and best studied trigger is fire". Etymology from [wordnik](http://www.wordnik.com/words/serotinous): "Latin sērōtinus, coming late, from sērō, at a late hour, from sērus, late."
The term *pyriscence* refers in the main to seed release triggered by fire. Also (mis)used in reference to release due to dry conditions, which more properly is xeriscence.
Pyriscence looks like a word that ought to mean what you want, except it doesn't. |
48,789,603 | very new to ARKit and want to learn.
I have created a scene and able to create 3d objects on it. They are persistent if i put the App in background but destroyed if the App is closed.
My aim is to store the coordinates of those nodes and load them persistently so I can see them every time I open the App.
Is that possible to load the nodes from previous sessions at the startup?
Thanks! | 2018/02/14 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/48789603",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/4598608/"
] | It's possible to keep objects persistent but they need to be persistent relative to something - a static location, an object etc.
There are a few ways to keep objects persistent with respect to space. One of them is [Placenote SDK](http://placenote.com/) that lets you scan a physical areas and create a persistent coordinate frame relative to it. Check it out.
[You can also read into the documentation here.](https://placenote.com/documentation/) | To answer your question, strictly speaking, it is possible to permanently store the positions. But these positions would be relative to where your device was finally located. So for example, let's say you're app is getting destroyed and you decide to save the location of a virtual lamp that is 1,1,1 away. When you relaunch your app and replace your virtual lamp, it will still be 1,1,1 away from where your device currently is, the point being that the distance will still just be relative to where your phone is.
Something you might be able to do is store your coordinates when your app is getting destroyed, then check the distance between where you are when you launch the app vs. when you killed the app, and then add the 1,1,1 to this distance. |
73,701 | I am looking for a software or an app that allow my wife to show her students. She teaches 7th grade in Math and I am trying to find one that she can use to upload them in her online classroom ?
Due to her school closed because of the coronavirus situation, do you have a suggest one that would be easier for her ?
She could use her IPAD Pro and use live with her fingers pointing step by step .
Is there a one ? | 2020/03/28 | [
"https://softwarerecs.stackexchange.com/questions/73701",
"https://softwarerecs.stackexchange.com",
"https://softwarerecs.stackexchange.com/users/19840/"
] | If using Zoom is not an option, using [sidecar](https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT210380) is a great option if you're on a Mac. It allows you to use your iPad as a second display and can use whatever software you'd like, draw on apps like Notability, or even use the Zoom whiteboard. It's really powerful and I definitely recommend it for teachers and tutors (like myself). | I would recommend [Zoom](https://zoom.us/download) which is also free on ipad. |
13,745 | >
> "Oh, you know Quirrell already, do you?
>
>
> *-- Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone*, by J.K. Rowling
>
>
>
There is a tag question that hasn’t negation thought the matrix is an affirmative. Is it ungrammatical or is it acceptable? | 2013/11/28 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/13745",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/504/"
] | Here is how I may take this case as.
Certainly, the matrix is an affirmative. But then it's from the **asker's** perspective. The **asker is pretty sure** about the **answerer** *knowing Quirrell.* But then, the asker is **again confirming it.**
Let us take an example. You live in Paris and I visit your home as your friend *cum* tourist. For me, it's quite obvious that you (being a citizen of Paris) **must** have visited The Eiffel Tower. I then ask you this:
>
> *"Oh, you have already visited the Eiffel Tower, haven't you?"*
>
>
> | As an example, when you say "She's reading that book, is she?", you mean that you can not believe that she's reading the book.
The speaker is expressing serious doubt about the truth of the statement by saying "Oh, you know Quirrell already, do you?". I think the speaker is probably Dumbledore and he's introducing the new master,Quirrell, to the students of Hogwarts (magic school).
These tag questions are called true-question tags or same-way tags, as I've read it somewhere. |
1,112 | I have seen videos related to cutting circles on a table saw. I would love to try this but I am hesitant to make a jig that, to me, seems to be extremely dangerous. [Here is a video](https://youtu.be/z-xhYnWDCd0?t=33) of Matthias Wandel using his jig to cut a rabbet into the circle, which seems like it'd be even scarier.
How does one make this jig and do so safely? Are there any gotchas that should be considered when executing this jig? | 2015/04/23 | [
"https://woodworking.stackexchange.com/questions/1112",
"https://woodworking.stackexchange.com",
"https://woodworking.stackexchange.com/users/34/"
] | Take a sled and add a pivot as far away from the blade as you want your radius. (riving knife and guards can remain in place)
As preparation rough cut your piece on the band-saw.
[source](http://woodgears.ca/bandsaw/wheels.html)
Then put your piece on the sled and attach it to the pivot. Clamp it down to avoid the piece rotating while you are cutting and make a cut. Unclamp, rotate, clamp and cut again; rinse and repeat until it is round.
To get it perfectly round while not rotating the wood against the blade is nearly impossible. The last passes would require very accurate turns.
Instead if you have a motor and some shaft and bearings handy you can attach you can attach a pully to the wheel and work on it like a lathe.
[source](http://woodgears.ca/bandmill/wheels.html)
The main advantage of this last step is that you are turning the wheel on its own axle so even if you make a mistake when mounting the bearings/putting it on the shaft you can true out the wobble. | I'm of the same mind, Peter. All the plans I've seen require removal of too much safety equipment.
There are too many other tools that would suffice- from a band saw for smaller circles to a jig saw or router on a commercial or shop made trammel for large ones.
e.g.
Band saw-
Or router..
Or for a jig saw..
 |
1,112 | I have seen videos related to cutting circles on a table saw. I would love to try this but I am hesitant to make a jig that, to me, seems to be extremely dangerous. [Here is a video](https://youtu.be/z-xhYnWDCd0?t=33) of Matthias Wandel using his jig to cut a rabbet into the circle, which seems like it'd be even scarier.
How does one make this jig and do so safely? Are there any gotchas that should be considered when executing this jig? | 2015/04/23 | [
"https://woodworking.stackexchange.com/questions/1112",
"https://woodworking.stackexchange.com",
"https://woodworking.stackexchange.com/users/34/"
] | I'm of the same mind, Peter. All the plans I've seen require removal of too much safety equipment.
There are too many other tools that would suffice- from a band saw for smaller circles to a jig saw or router on a commercial or shop made trammel for large ones.
e.g.
Band saw-
Or router..
Or for a jig saw..
 | What I think makes most of such jigs dangerous is that they allow rotation of the work piece **while cutting**. That is not a safety issue per se, but at the begging of the process, the work piece is not a circle at all which makes it awkward to work with.
Here's what I suggest
1. use a sacrificial board like a table saw sled, this will become the "jig", but it really is just a sacrificial board
2. Put the circle-to-be board on top of it, mark the center (depending
on the desired radius) and place is accordingly (there should be the
a distance between the blade and the center as big as the desired
radius)
3. Screw the upper board to the sled. Position the screw at the center
of the radius
4. Add a second screw. This one locks the upper board from spinning
around.
5. Feed that into the saw. This is not different from any other two
board being securely connected. It's just "one thicker board".
6. Pull back, unscrew the second screw, rotate the top board a bit,
srew the second screw back in. Go to 5. until you have a
sufficiently round work piece.
These are just my thoughts. I do not have a table saw.
I agree with TX Turner that other tools might be better suited for this task or will be much safer to use. |
1,112 | I have seen videos related to cutting circles on a table saw. I would love to try this but I am hesitant to make a jig that, to me, seems to be extremely dangerous. [Here is a video](https://youtu.be/z-xhYnWDCd0?t=33) of Matthias Wandel using his jig to cut a rabbet into the circle, which seems like it'd be even scarier.
How does one make this jig and do so safely? Are there any gotchas that should be considered when executing this jig? | 2015/04/23 | [
"https://woodworking.stackexchange.com/questions/1112",
"https://woodworking.stackexchange.com",
"https://woodworking.stackexchange.com/users/34/"
] | I'm of the same mind, Peter. All the plans I've seen require removal of too much safety equipment.
There are too many other tools that would suffice- from a band saw for smaller circles to a jig saw or router on a commercial or shop made trammel for large ones.
e.g.
Band saw-
Or router..
Or for a jig saw..
 | Trying to cut finished circles on a table saw is about as unsafe an idea as I can think of. The reason that the Wandel setup works is that the rabbet is not much deeper than the tooth depth on the blade. This means that any wood fed into the blade at an angle encounters teeth and gets cut.
For any cut deeper than the tooth depth, this invites disaster. Wood which is fed into the body of the blade at an angle will do one of two things: if the blade is moving downwards, the wood will burn due to friction and the piece will stall - if the blade is moving upwards, the piece will be picked up and thrown.
Neither is a good idea. |
1,112 | I have seen videos related to cutting circles on a table saw. I would love to try this but I am hesitant to make a jig that, to me, seems to be extremely dangerous. [Here is a video](https://youtu.be/z-xhYnWDCd0?t=33) of Matthias Wandel using his jig to cut a rabbet into the circle, which seems like it'd be even scarier.
How does one make this jig and do so safely? Are there any gotchas that should be considered when executing this jig? | 2015/04/23 | [
"https://woodworking.stackexchange.com/questions/1112",
"https://woodworking.stackexchange.com",
"https://woodworking.stackexchange.com/users/34/"
] | Take a sled and add a pivot as far away from the blade as you want your radius. (riving knife and guards can remain in place)
As preparation rough cut your piece on the band-saw.
[source](http://woodgears.ca/bandsaw/wheels.html)
Then put your piece on the sled and attach it to the pivot. Clamp it down to avoid the piece rotating while you are cutting and make a cut. Unclamp, rotate, clamp and cut again; rinse and repeat until it is round.
To get it perfectly round while not rotating the wood against the blade is nearly impossible. The last passes would require very accurate turns.
Instead if you have a motor and some shaft and bearings handy you can attach you can attach a pully to the wheel and work on it like a lathe.
[source](http://woodgears.ca/bandmill/wheels.html)
The main advantage of this last step is that you are turning the wheel on its own axle so even if you make a mistake when mounting the bearings/putting it on the shaft you can true out the wobble. | What I think makes most of such jigs dangerous is that they allow rotation of the work piece **while cutting**. That is not a safety issue per se, but at the begging of the process, the work piece is not a circle at all which makes it awkward to work with.
Here's what I suggest
1. use a sacrificial board like a table saw sled, this will become the "jig", but it really is just a sacrificial board
2. Put the circle-to-be board on top of it, mark the center (depending
on the desired radius) and place is accordingly (there should be the
a distance between the blade and the center as big as the desired
radius)
3. Screw the upper board to the sled. Position the screw at the center
of the radius
4. Add a second screw. This one locks the upper board from spinning
around.
5. Feed that into the saw. This is not different from any other two
board being securely connected. It's just "one thicker board".
6. Pull back, unscrew the second screw, rotate the top board a bit,
srew the second screw back in. Go to 5. until you have a
sufficiently round work piece.
These are just my thoughts. I do not have a table saw.
I agree with TX Turner that other tools might be better suited for this task or will be much safer to use. |
1,112 | I have seen videos related to cutting circles on a table saw. I would love to try this but I am hesitant to make a jig that, to me, seems to be extremely dangerous. [Here is a video](https://youtu.be/z-xhYnWDCd0?t=33) of Matthias Wandel using his jig to cut a rabbet into the circle, which seems like it'd be even scarier.
How does one make this jig and do so safely? Are there any gotchas that should be considered when executing this jig? | 2015/04/23 | [
"https://woodworking.stackexchange.com/questions/1112",
"https://woodworking.stackexchange.com",
"https://woodworking.stackexchange.com/users/34/"
] | Take a sled and add a pivot as far away from the blade as you want your radius. (riving knife and guards can remain in place)
As preparation rough cut your piece on the band-saw.
[source](http://woodgears.ca/bandsaw/wheels.html)
Then put your piece on the sled and attach it to the pivot. Clamp it down to avoid the piece rotating while you are cutting and make a cut. Unclamp, rotate, clamp and cut again; rinse and repeat until it is round.
To get it perfectly round while not rotating the wood against the blade is nearly impossible. The last passes would require very accurate turns.
Instead if you have a motor and some shaft and bearings handy you can attach you can attach a pully to the wheel and work on it like a lathe.
[source](http://woodgears.ca/bandmill/wheels.html)
The main advantage of this last step is that you are turning the wheel on its own axle so even if you make a mistake when mounting the bearings/putting it on the shaft you can true out the wobble. | Trying to cut finished circles on a table saw is about as unsafe an idea as I can think of. The reason that the Wandel setup works is that the rabbet is not much deeper than the tooth depth on the blade. This means that any wood fed into the blade at an angle encounters teeth and gets cut.
For any cut deeper than the tooth depth, this invites disaster. Wood which is fed into the body of the blade at an angle will do one of two things: if the blade is moving downwards, the wood will burn due to friction and the piece will stall - if the blade is moving upwards, the piece will be picked up and thrown.
Neither is a good idea. |
1,112 | I have seen videos related to cutting circles on a table saw. I would love to try this but I am hesitant to make a jig that, to me, seems to be extremely dangerous. [Here is a video](https://youtu.be/z-xhYnWDCd0?t=33) of Matthias Wandel using his jig to cut a rabbet into the circle, which seems like it'd be even scarier.
How does one make this jig and do so safely? Are there any gotchas that should be considered when executing this jig? | 2015/04/23 | [
"https://woodworking.stackexchange.com/questions/1112",
"https://woodworking.stackexchange.com",
"https://woodworking.stackexchange.com/users/34/"
] | What I think makes most of such jigs dangerous is that they allow rotation of the work piece **while cutting**. That is not a safety issue per se, but at the begging of the process, the work piece is not a circle at all which makes it awkward to work with.
Here's what I suggest
1. use a sacrificial board like a table saw sled, this will become the "jig", but it really is just a sacrificial board
2. Put the circle-to-be board on top of it, mark the center (depending
on the desired radius) and place is accordingly (there should be the
a distance between the blade and the center as big as the desired
radius)
3. Screw the upper board to the sled. Position the screw at the center
of the radius
4. Add a second screw. This one locks the upper board from spinning
around.
5. Feed that into the saw. This is not different from any other two
board being securely connected. It's just "one thicker board".
6. Pull back, unscrew the second screw, rotate the top board a bit,
srew the second screw back in. Go to 5. until you have a
sufficiently round work piece.
These are just my thoughts. I do not have a table saw.
I agree with TX Turner that other tools might be better suited for this task or will be much safer to use. | Trying to cut finished circles on a table saw is about as unsafe an idea as I can think of. The reason that the Wandel setup works is that the rabbet is not much deeper than the tooth depth on the blade. This means that any wood fed into the blade at an angle encounters teeth and gets cut.
For any cut deeper than the tooth depth, this invites disaster. Wood which is fed into the body of the blade at an angle will do one of two things: if the blade is moving downwards, the wood will burn due to friction and the piece will stall - if the blade is moving upwards, the piece will be picked up and thrown.
Neither is a good idea. |
7,317,316 | I am using Background Task in Windows Phone Mango. I need to send data to server using JSON format. But when DataContractJsonSerializer.WriteObject function is executed, nothing happens thereafter.
Has anyone experienced the same with Background Task in Windows Phone Mango? | 2011/09/06 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/7317316",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/930257/"
] | It is possible that the operation is taking your app over the 6MB memory limit, and the phone is killing it.
You can run with the debugger attached: <http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/microsoft.phone.scheduler.scheduledactionservice.launchfortest(v=vs.92).aspx>
This will let you see what is happening. Also consider logging the amount of memory your app is using to see if you are approaching the limit: <http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/microsoft.phone.info.devicestatus(v=vs.92).aspx> | Be careful calling any type of serialization library (or any other library for that matter) as it will very quickly bump your memory usage over the 6MB limit, which will silently kill your agent with no errors.
Also note that on a real device your agent will typically start with 4-4.5 meg used already, significantly higher than on the emulator. That means all your code and the libraries it calls need to use less than 1.5 meg in a worst-case scenario. |
65,110 | Trying to determine best practice in queue management. New setup - want to see if it's best for users to always take ownership of a case and then close it at a user level. Or if it's OK for cases to be closed at the queue level, with the queue as owner. | 2015/02/03 | [
"https://salesforce.stackexchange.com/questions/65110",
"https://salesforce.stackexchange.com",
"https://salesforce.stackexchange.com/users/16844/"
] | In my opinion, it's always best for an actual owner to be assigned, simply for metrics, but also for tracking if followups on "who closed this" are necessary. | If nobody's "owned" the case, then it probably shouldn't be closed. The sole exception to this rule of thumb would be when an automated system resolves the issue (e.g. a password reset), or the case is a duplicate, etc. Otherwise, the person that resolves the case should be the owner of the case. This could help in case the customer needs to re-open the case (in which case the owner needs to take action), etc. |
47,406 | Yesterday Indian parliament passed citizenship amendment bill which seeks to provide citizenship to religious minorities which have to come to India before Dec 2014 as a refugee due to their persecution in Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan.
I know it can be challenged in Supreme Court if the President of India signs it which he is most likely to do.
Today Kerala Chief Minister said that he would not allow it to be implemented in his state.
So does a state in India has power to stop implementation of a bill unilaterally? | 2019/12/12 | [
"https://law.stackexchange.com/questions/47406",
"https://law.stackexchange.com",
"https://law.stackexchange.com/users/3351/"
] | It is not clear what Vijayan, Banerjee and Singh intend to do to "not implement" the law. One part of [the bill](http://prsindia.org/sites/default/files/bill_files/Citizenship%202019%20Bill%20Text.pdf) adds a paragraph
>
> 6B. (1) The Central Government *or an authority specified by it* in
> this behalf may... grant a certificate of registration
>
>
>
These states may decide to not cooperate. This would be analogous to US jurisdictions refusing to cooperate with federal authorities attempting to enforce immigration laws. However, the Bureau of Immigration (analogous to US ICE) may have sufficient resources to enforce the law without any state aid.
The other possibility (suggested by Banerjee's statement that W. Bengal will not allow the government to "throw out a legal citizen of the country or turn the person into a refugee")
is that this relates to the theory that the law will be used to expel Muslim refugees. A state could not directly prevent the central government from carrying out such a plan, but it could refuse to cooperate. Since as I understand it public order, police, and prisons are on the [State List](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_List) under Art. 246 of the Constitution, and the [Union list](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_List) do not seem to provide for the kind of sweeps that have been suggested could result from the law (unless the military executes the plan). There is no question that citizenship laws are on the Union List. | India is a quasi-federation
---------------------------
Powers are split between the state and national government as detailed in the [constitution](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_India#Constitution_and_government). India is a halfway point between full federations (e.g. USA, Australia) and unitary nations (e.g. France, Austria) - it still has sovereign states like a federation but the national government has much more power to intervene.
Notwithstanding, citizenship is solely the province of the national government - Indian states have **no** power over it. |
47,406 | Yesterday Indian parliament passed citizenship amendment bill which seeks to provide citizenship to religious minorities which have to come to India before Dec 2014 as a refugee due to their persecution in Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan.
I know it can be challenged in Supreme Court if the President of India signs it which he is most likely to do.
Today Kerala Chief Minister said that he would not allow it to be implemented in his state.
So does a state in India has power to stop implementation of a bill unilaterally? | 2019/12/12 | [
"https://law.stackexchange.com/questions/47406",
"https://law.stackexchange.com",
"https://law.stackexchange.com/users/3351/"
] | India is a quasi-federation
---------------------------
Powers are split between the state and national government as detailed in the [constitution](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_India#Constitution_and_government). India is a halfway point between full federations (e.g. USA, Australia) and unitary nations (e.g. France, Austria) - it still has sovereign states like a federation but the national government has much more power to intervene.
Notwithstanding, citizenship is solely the province of the national government - Indian states have **no** power over it. | No. The bill was passed by the [national legislature](https://knowindia.gov.in/profile/the-union/legislature.php), and its laws will therefore be enforced by federal agencies, such as the [Bureau of Immigration](https://boi.gov.in). These agencies are controlled by the federal executive, the [Union Council of Ministers](https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_India/Part_V#Article_74_.7BCouncil_of_Ministers_to_aid_and_advise_President.7D). In the case of the Bureau of Immigration, they would report to the Minister for Home Affairs.
In order for a *state* Chief Minister to "unilaterally" stop a *federal* bill from being implemented, that would imply some form of control over the Bureau of Immigration. **He does not have that power.**
However, as user6726 rightly points out, states may frustrate the implementation of the citizenship bill. |
47,406 | Yesterday Indian parliament passed citizenship amendment bill which seeks to provide citizenship to religious minorities which have to come to India before Dec 2014 as a refugee due to their persecution in Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan.
I know it can be challenged in Supreme Court if the President of India signs it which he is most likely to do.
Today Kerala Chief Minister said that he would not allow it to be implemented in his state.
So does a state in India has power to stop implementation of a bill unilaterally? | 2019/12/12 | [
"https://law.stackexchange.com/questions/47406",
"https://law.stackexchange.com",
"https://law.stackexchange.com/users/3351/"
] | It is not clear what Vijayan, Banerjee and Singh intend to do to "not implement" the law. One part of [the bill](http://prsindia.org/sites/default/files/bill_files/Citizenship%202019%20Bill%20Text.pdf) adds a paragraph
>
> 6B. (1) The Central Government *or an authority specified by it* in
> this behalf may... grant a certificate of registration
>
>
>
These states may decide to not cooperate. This would be analogous to US jurisdictions refusing to cooperate with federal authorities attempting to enforce immigration laws. However, the Bureau of Immigration (analogous to US ICE) may have sufficient resources to enforce the law without any state aid.
The other possibility (suggested by Banerjee's statement that W. Bengal will not allow the government to "throw out a legal citizen of the country or turn the person into a refugee")
is that this relates to the theory that the law will be used to expel Muslim refugees. A state could not directly prevent the central government from carrying out such a plan, but it could refuse to cooperate. Since as I understand it public order, police, and prisons are on the [State List](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_List) under Art. 246 of the Constitution, and the [Union list](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_List) do not seem to provide for the kind of sweeps that have been suggested could result from the law (unless the military executes the plan). There is no question that citizenship laws are on the Union List. | No. The bill was passed by the [national legislature](https://knowindia.gov.in/profile/the-union/legislature.php), and its laws will therefore be enforced by federal agencies, such as the [Bureau of Immigration](https://boi.gov.in). These agencies are controlled by the federal executive, the [Union Council of Ministers](https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_India/Part_V#Article_74_.7BCouncil_of_Ministers_to_aid_and_advise_President.7D). In the case of the Bureau of Immigration, they would report to the Minister for Home Affairs.
In order for a *state* Chief Minister to "unilaterally" stop a *federal* bill from being implemented, that would imply some form of control over the Bureau of Immigration. **He does not have that power.**
However, as user6726 rightly points out, states may frustrate the implementation of the citizenship bill. |
1,075,440 | We have the Office 365 version of Outlook 2016. It does not seem to be possible to select multiple attachments by holding down the Ctrl or Shift keys and clicking on them. Only one attachment at a time remains selected.
This used to work in Outlook 2013 and I think it worked in earlier versions of Office 365. How can we do this in Outlook 2016? | 2016/05/11 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/1075440",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/402917/"
] | I would like to advice you it is not possible to select multiple email attachments in outlook 2016.
Instead you have to use **Attachment Tool** which is located next to File, Message option and can Save Attachments and you can also delete all attachments this option is also given in this tool
If you have further query related to this, then please let me know. | When I access my outlook account via Chrome on my mac laptop I have the option to “download” an individual file or “download all” and I get a zip file containg all the attachments. |
3,485,872 | First I need to programmatically get tags (unlike what is done here on stackoverflow) from the titles and descriptions of my posts. I don't want commonly used words to appear in keywords. Is there an efficient way of doing this?
After getting good tags, I would like to save them in MySQL DB.
Now, how do I **efficiently** get related posts using these automatically created tags? E.g. What is done here. | 2010/08/15 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3485872",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/384894/"
] | Look up [tf-idf](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tf%E2%80%93idf). You're looking for terms with a high tf-idf score. | I would advise against using this method. You can use it to *suggest* tags, but automatic tagging will be very, very hard to implement correctly and accurately.
One of the reasons for that is because computers don't understand semantics. Take any question here and try doing that. It will not work 95% of the time. |
3,485,872 | First I need to programmatically get tags (unlike what is done here on stackoverflow) from the titles and descriptions of my posts. I don't want commonly used words to appear in keywords. Is there an efficient way of doing this?
After getting good tags, I would like to save them in MySQL DB.
Now, how do I **efficiently** get related posts using these automatically created tags? E.g. What is done here. | 2010/08/15 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3485872",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/384894/"
] | Look up [tf-idf](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tf%E2%80%93idf). You're looking for terms with a high tf-idf score. | I'm guessing an online API service might help. Check:
OpenCalais - try pasting an article here: <http://viewer.opencalais.com/>
Or Yahoo's Term Extraction API: <http://developer.yahoo.com/search/content/V1/termExtraction.html>
Hope this help! |
3,485,872 | First I need to programmatically get tags (unlike what is done here on stackoverflow) from the titles and descriptions of my posts. I don't want commonly used words to appear in keywords. Is there an efficient way of doing this?
After getting good tags, I would like to save them in MySQL DB.
Now, how do I **efficiently** get related posts using these automatically created tags? E.g. What is done here. | 2010/08/15 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3485872",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/384894/"
] | Look up [tf-idf](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tf%E2%80%93idf). You're looking for terms with a high tf-idf score. | I don't see how this would be possible without you having some sort of list.. how would your app know what words to use and not use? I suppose you could find a thesauraus that you could API into and use this to find tags, it would get rather complex, if you're looking to do it for SEO reasons, you could make the app look for words based off a keyword list, such as one you get from google keyword tool..
as far as how to do this, I use PHP all the time and think its great for building web apps but for this sort of thing, (processing of a lot of text data, regex, etc) I tend to have problems in PHP, maybe its just me, but I prefer using perl |
3,485,872 | First I need to programmatically get tags (unlike what is done here on stackoverflow) from the titles and descriptions of my posts. I don't want commonly used words to appear in keywords. Is there an efficient way of doing this?
After getting good tags, I would like to save them in MySQL DB.
Now, how do I **efficiently** get related posts using these automatically created tags? E.g. What is done here. | 2010/08/15 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3485872",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/384894/"
] | Look up [tf-idf](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tf%E2%80%93idf). You're looking for terms with a high tf-idf score. | Headup may also help with this task (just as Open Calais). You can check it out here, and see if it works for you:
<http://labs.headup.com/Services/RealTime/API/EntitiyExtraction/Playground.aspx>
If needed, there's also an API.
(Disclaimer: I'm a developer @SemantiNet and work on this product... We'd love to help).
Good luck! |
3,485,872 | First I need to programmatically get tags (unlike what is done here on stackoverflow) from the titles and descriptions of my posts. I don't want commonly used words to appear in keywords. Is there an efficient way of doing this?
After getting good tags, I would like to save them in MySQL DB.
Now, how do I **efficiently** get related posts using these automatically created tags? E.g. What is done here. | 2010/08/15 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3485872",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/384894/"
] | I would advise against using this method. You can use it to *suggest* tags, but automatic tagging will be very, very hard to implement correctly and accurately.
One of the reasons for that is because computers don't understand semantics. Take any question here and try doing that. It will not work 95% of the time. | I don't see how this would be possible without you having some sort of list.. how would your app know what words to use and not use? I suppose you could find a thesauraus that you could API into and use this to find tags, it would get rather complex, if you're looking to do it for SEO reasons, you could make the app look for words based off a keyword list, such as one you get from google keyword tool..
as far as how to do this, I use PHP all the time and think its great for building web apps but for this sort of thing, (processing of a lot of text data, regex, etc) I tend to have problems in PHP, maybe its just me, but I prefer using perl |
3,485,872 | First I need to programmatically get tags (unlike what is done here on stackoverflow) from the titles and descriptions of my posts. I don't want commonly used words to appear in keywords. Is there an efficient way of doing this?
After getting good tags, I would like to save them in MySQL DB.
Now, how do I **efficiently** get related posts using these automatically created tags? E.g. What is done here. | 2010/08/15 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3485872",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/384894/"
] | I would advise against using this method. You can use it to *suggest* tags, but automatic tagging will be very, very hard to implement correctly and accurately.
One of the reasons for that is because computers don't understand semantics. Take any question here and try doing that. It will not work 95% of the time. | Headup may also help with this task (just as Open Calais). You can check it out here, and see if it works for you:
<http://labs.headup.com/Services/RealTime/API/EntitiyExtraction/Playground.aspx>
If needed, there's also an API.
(Disclaimer: I'm a developer @SemantiNet and work on this product... We'd love to help).
Good luck! |
3,485,872 | First I need to programmatically get tags (unlike what is done here on stackoverflow) from the titles and descriptions of my posts. I don't want commonly used words to appear in keywords. Is there an efficient way of doing this?
After getting good tags, I would like to save them in MySQL DB.
Now, how do I **efficiently** get related posts using these automatically created tags? E.g. What is done here. | 2010/08/15 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3485872",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/384894/"
] | I'm guessing an online API service might help. Check:
OpenCalais - try pasting an article here: <http://viewer.opencalais.com/>
Or Yahoo's Term Extraction API: <http://developer.yahoo.com/search/content/V1/termExtraction.html>
Hope this help! | I don't see how this would be possible without you having some sort of list.. how would your app know what words to use and not use? I suppose you could find a thesauraus that you could API into and use this to find tags, it would get rather complex, if you're looking to do it for SEO reasons, you could make the app look for words based off a keyword list, such as one you get from google keyword tool..
as far as how to do this, I use PHP all the time and think its great for building web apps but for this sort of thing, (processing of a lot of text data, regex, etc) I tend to have problems in PHP, maybe its just me, but I prefer using perl |
3,485,872 | First I need to programmatically get tags (unlike what is done here on stackoverflow) from the titles and descriptions of my posts. I don't want commonly used words to appear in keywords. Is there an efficient way of doing this?
After getting good tags, I would like to save them in MySQL DB.
Now, how do I **efficiently** get related posts using these automatically created tags? E.g. What is done here. | 2010/08/15 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3485872",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/384894/"
] | I'm guessing an online API service might help. Check:
OpenCalais - try pasting an article here: <http://viewer.opencalais.com/>
Or Yahoo's Term Extraction API: <http://developer.yahoo.com/search/content/V1/termExtraction.html>
Hope this help! | Headup may also help with this task (just as Open Calais). You can check it out here, and see if it works for you:
<http://labs.headup.com/Services/RealTime/API/EntitiyExtraction/Playground.aspx>
If needed, there's also an API.
(Disclaimer: I'm a developer @SemantiNet and work on this product... We'd love to help).
Good luck! |
3,485,872 | First I need to programmatically get tags (unlike what is done here on stackoverflow) from the titles and descriptions of my posts. I don't want commonly used words to appear in keywords. Is there an efficient way of doing this?
After getting good tags, I would like to save them in MySQL DB.
Now, how do I **efficiently** get related posts using these automatically created tags? E.g. What is done here. | 2010/08/15 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3485872",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/384894/"
] | I don't see how this would be possible without you having some sort of list.. how would your app know what words to use and not use? I suppose you could find a thesauraus that you could API into and use this to find tags, it would get rather complex, if you're looking to do it for SEO reasons, you could make the app look for words based off a keyword list, such as one you get from google keyword tool..
as far as how to do this, I use PHP all the time and think its great for building web apps but for this sort of thing, (processing of a lot of text data, regex, etc) I tend to have problems in PHP, maybe its just me, but I prefer using perl | Headup may also help with this task (just as Open Calais). You can check it out here, and see if it works for you:
<http://labs.headup.com/Services/RealTime/API/EntitiyExtraction/Playground.aspx>
If needed, there's also an API.
(Disclaimer: I'm a developer @SemantiNet and work on this product... We'd love to help).
Good luck! |
138,603 | Midichlorian's are chemical compounds found within every living cell that forms the basis between the connection life and the Force. Without midichlorians, life would be impossible. The amount of midichlorians in a life form represents its ability to understand, comprehend, and manipulate the Force.
My name is Darth Incognitus, and I have decided to absorb more of these cells into my own body to make my force sensitive abilities stronger. To accomplish this, I have kidnapped numerous force sensitive users who match my blood type. When their midichlorian count has been measured, I will perform a blood transfusion from them to myself in order to absorb these cells. After I have attained enough of these cells, I will become the most powerful force user in the world and create my Sith empire. Then, I will use this method to strengthen my apprentices and students.
However, after a number of tries, I have noticed that my powers have not increased. No matter how many Jedi I murder and drain of blood, my abilities remain average. Why would this be the case? | 2019/02/06 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/138603",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/52361/"
] | **Putting more fuel in your tank is not going to make your car drive any faster.**
Midichlorians are a resource, but it's unclear how this resource is being activated. If, for example, the brain uses midichlorians in order to send out a psionic signal which connects to the Force; then there's a natural cap at your brainpower.
For example, let's say your villain's body actually generates less midichlorians than their brain can use. At this point, adding more midichlorians to their blood will in fact increase their brain's psionic output as it is no longer running at suboptimal efficiency due to lack of midichlorians.
***Analogy**: Your car will run better on a tank of gas than it will on fumes.*
However, if the villain already generates enough midichlorians to saturate their brainpower at full capacity; then adding more midichlorians to their blood is not going to help, the bottleneck is their brain capacity.
***Analogy**: Putting even more fuel in your tank is not going to make your car drive any faster.*
This creates the option for you to have the villain *initially* see some improvement, but then very quickly plateau.
---
*Note*
I suggested that midichlorians are consumed by the brain and regenerated by the body; but the same would work if midichlorians were considered a catalyst which does not get consumed (nor regenerated). The brain can only use so many midichlorians at one time. | Midichlorian's are not the bottleneck in this equation. Your body and brain have developed "Force pathways" to make use of the amount of Midichlorian's you naturally have in your blood. They finished developing at the age of 16. You can add all the chemicals you want to your blood now, but your body and brain simply can't use them for anything--they can't handle that much Force.
Now if you'd started these transfusions before you turned 16 and your body finished developing it's Force pathways though... Have you thought about creating a test experiment heir to your power? |
138,603 | Midichlorian's are chemical compounds found within every living cell that forms the basis between the connection life and the Force. Without midichlorians, life would be impossible. The amount of midichlorians in a life form represents its ability to understand, comprehend, and manipulate the Force.
My name is Darth Incognitus, and I have decided to absorb more of these cells into my own body to make my force sensitive abilities stronger. To accomplish this, I have kidnapped numerous force sensitive users who match my blood type. When their midichlorian count has been measured, I will perform a blood transfusion from them to myself in order to absorb these cells. After I have attained enough of these cells, I will become the most powerful force user in the world and create my Sith empire. Then, I will use this method to strengthen my apprentices and students.
However, after a number of tries, I have noticed that my powers have not increased. No matter how many Jedi I murder and drain of blood, my abilities remain average. Why would this be the case? | 2019/02/06 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/138603",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/52361/"
] | Because the blood level midichlorian equilibrium point is determined by your body's biochemistry. You can't alter this by adding more midichlorians. All that does is cause a temporary imbalance (way too short for your body to make use of it) that your body quickly fixes. Excess midichlorian gets filtered out by the kidneys and ends up down the drain. Literally. | **When in trouble, in sci-fy, put a machine to do it for you**
What that mean is basically a reminder than Darth Vader was a reality, and Star Wars have A TON of technology designed to replace organs and/or keep alive people.
With that in mind, you, oh so great Darth Incognitus need a machine than allow you control the response of your body against it's midiclorians.
If the force or your body stand in the way of you being more powerfull, You need to control them!
If you need an automatic control of your natural filtering organs, they can be replaced by synthetic versions of them specialy modified to make your midiclorian administration as you want.
What happend? your blood cells are not designed to resist the influx of new Midichlorian? doesn't matter, replace the medula of your bones (which if i remember correctly, replace the blood lossed) for a machine than do replace blood BUT make it just in the way you need it for achieve your "Darth intentions" (pun intended).
Is your brain affecting the process? doesn't matter, put an artificial part of your brain than do exactly what your brain used to do OR put a machine than counterweight the efect of that part of your brain just in the right way to make the effect you want.
**In time you'll become more and more of a machine Darth Incognitus!, but we all know than Power only respond to Inmortality! and all we know than Machines are inmortal!**
PS: if you like my answer and are making something related to starwars, make a character kinda like a teck-priest and put the name 'Kradathon' in some way connected to it, you decide what the name means, it would be a cool way to say "thanks". :D |
138,603 | Midichlorian's are chemical compounds found within every living cell that forms the basis between the connection life and the Force. Without midichlorians, life would be impossible. The amount of midichlorians in a life form represents its ability to understand, comprehend, and manipulate the Force.
My name is Darth Incognitus, and I have decided to absorb more of these cells into my own body to make my force sensitive abilities stronger. To accomplish this, I have kidnapped numerous force sensitive users who match my blood type. When their midichlorian count has been measured, I will perform a blood transfusion from them to myself in order to absorb these cells. After I have attained enough of these cells, I will become the most powerful force user in the world and create my Sith empire. Then, I will use this method to strengthen my apprentices and students.
However, after a number of tries, I have noticed that my powers have not increased. No matter how many Jedi I murder and drain of blood, my abilities remain average. Why would this be the case? | 2019/02/06 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/138603",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/52361/"
] | Because the blood level midichlorian equilibrium point is determined by your body's biochemistry. You can't alter this by adding more midichlorians. All that does is cause a temporary imbalance (way too short for your body to make use of it) that your body quickly fixes. Excess midichlorian gets filtered out by the kidneys and ends up down the drain. Literally. | **Because they are genetically foreign.**
They immediately start to reject the body, and the body rejects them. Welcome to a force fight at the cellular level.
Immuno-suppressants allow the transfusion to succeed without ripping your body apart, but the downside is that they significantly hamper even your own ability to interact with the force, injecting extra barely raises you back to functioning.
**Cloning ;)**
Okay, genetically identical. Except that the Midichlorian's are already at saturation in your body, adding more of the same simply causes them to die off.
You might, through an ingenuous system of continuous transfusions keep yourself in a state of over-saturation. This would amp up the basic capacity for force manipulation (you will still need practice as with any fine motor control), but there are (semi-)permanent side-effects. The Midichlorian's learn that massive spikes occur, and reduce their overall numbers so as to survive long-term. You might recover to normal levels, it might be a permanent reduction.
**Divergence**
As the force wielder learns, the Midichlorians alter themselves physically. Even if they were cloned and successfully duplicated, reintroduction back into the body causes the equivalent of a theological argument between religious sects. At best nothing changes, at worst valuable skills (learning) are lost as the two sides duke it out, or the host dies.
In short you are extremely lucky to be alive. |
138,603 | Midichlorian's are chemical compounds found within every living cell that forms the basis between the connection life and the Force. Without midichlorians, life would be impossible. The amount of midichlorians in a life form represents its ability to understand, comprehend, and manipulate the Force.
My name is Darth Incognitus, and I have decided to absorb more of these cells into my own body to make my force sensitive abilities stronger. To accomplish this, I have kidnapped numerous force sensitive users who match my blood type. When their midichlorian count has been measured, I will perform a blood transfusion from them to myself in order to absorb these cells. After I have attained enough of these cells, I will become the most powerful force user in the world and create my Sith empire. Then, I will use this method to strengthen my apprentices and students.
However, after a number of tries, I have noticed that my powers have not increased. No matter how many Jedi I murder and drain of blood, my abilities remain average. Why would this be the case? | 2019/02/06 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/138603",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/52361/"
] | Obviously blood can only contain a certain density of midichlorians or it would clog up and ultimately become solid. Your body will naturally break down any excess of midichlorians and convert them into fat. This is what happened to Jabba the Hutt. | Midichlorian's are not the bottleneck in this equation. Your body and brain have developed "Force pathways" to make use of the amount of Midichlorian's you naturally have in your blood. They finished developing at the age of 16. You can add all the chemicals you want to your blood now, but your body and brain simply can't use them for anything--they can't handle that much Force.
Now if you'd started these transfusions before you turned 16 and your body finished developing it's Force pathways though... Have you thought about creating a test experiment heir to your power? |
138,603 | Midichlorian's are chemical compounds found within every living cell that forms the basis between the connection life and the Force. Without midichlorians, life would be impossible. The amount of midichlorians in a life form represents its ability to understand, comprehend, and manipulate the Force.
My name is Darth Incognitus, and I have decided to absorb more of these cells into my own body to make my force sensitive abilities stronger. To accomplish this, I have kidnapped numerous force sensitive users who match my blood type. When their midichlorian count has been measured, I will perform a blood transfusion from them to myself in order to absorb these cells. After I have attained enough of these cells, I will become the most powerful force user in the world and create my Sith empire. Then, I will use this method to strengthen my apprentices and students.
However, after a number of tries, I have noticed that my powers have not increased. No matter how many Jedi I murder and drain of blood, my abilities remain average. Why would this be the case? | 2019/02/06 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/138603",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/52361/"
] | Because the blood level midichlorian equilibrium point is determined by your body's biochemistry. You can't alter this by adding more midichlorians. All that does is cause a temporary imbalance (way too short for your body to make use of it) that your body quickly fixes. Excess midichlorian gets filtered out by the kidneys and ends up down the drain. Literally. | **If you try it, your midichlorians might fight each other to the death.**
What if what modern science calls midichlorians are actually the immortal beings of ancient legend, the Whills? These microscopic sentient creatures are the true masters of the Force, and they are at war. To them, Jedi and Sith are just fleshy Death Stars that they use to attack each other.
>
> "[The next three Star Wars films] were going to get into a microbiotic
> world. But there's this world of creatures that operate differently
> than we do. I call them the Whills. And the Whills are the ones who
> actually control the universe. They feed off the Force." - George Lucas
>
>
>
(This nearly became canon... but then he sold the franchise to Disney, who seem to be taking it in a different direction)
If you mix light and dark midichlorians, they'll go to war inside your body and destroy each other, and possibly you.
A Jedi will obviously never try this trick on other Jedi. A Sith might consume other Sith, but as we all know Sith are very cranky and do not play well with others. The dark Whills who drive them may have a similar temperament, so mixing rival factions of dark Whills in one body could also mess you up.
But ultimately, **the Whills are in charge, not you. This plan could work, but only if the midichlorians in your body and your victim's body want it to work.** |
138,603 | Midichlorian's are chemical compounds found within every living cell that forms the basis between the connection life and the Force. Without midichlorians, life would be impossible. The amount of midichlorians in a life form represents its ability to understand, comprehend, and manipulate the Force.
My name is Darth Incognitus, and I have decided to absorb more of these cells into my own body to make my force sensitive abilities stronger. To accomplish this, I have kidnapped numerous force sensitive users who match my blood type. When their midichlorian count has been measured, I will perform a blood transfusion from them to myself in order to absorb these cells. After I have attained enough of these cells, I will become the most powerful force user in the world and create my Sith empire. Then, I will use this method to strengthen my apprentices and students.
However, after a number of tries, I have noticed that my powers have not increased. No matter how many Jedi I murder and drain of blood, my abilities remain average. Why would this be the case? | 2019/02/06 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/138603",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/52361/"
] | **When in trouble, in sci-fy, put a machine to do it for you**
What that mean is basically a reminder than Darth Vader was a reality, and Star Wars have A TON of technology designed to replace organs and/or keep alive people.
With that in mind, you, oh so great Darth Incognitus need a machine than allow you control the response of your body against it's midiclorians.
If the force or your body stand in the way of you being more powerfull, You need to control them!
If you need an automatic control of your natural filtering organs, they can be replaced by synthetic versions of them specialy modified to make your midiclorian administration as you want.
What happend? your blood cells are not designed to resist the influx of new Midichlorian? doesn't matter, replace the medula of your bones (which if i remember correctly, replace the blood lossed) for a machine than do replace blood BUT make it just in the way you need it for achieve your "Darth intentions" (pun intended).
Is your brain affecting the process? doesn't matter, put an artificial part of your brain than do exactly what your brain used to do OR put a machine than counterweight the efect of that part of your brain just in the right way to make the effect you want.
**In time you'll become more and more of a machine Darth Incognitus!, but we all know than Power only respond to Inmortality! and all we know than Machines are inmortal!**
PS: if you like my answer and are making something related to starwars, make a character kinda like a teck-priest and put the name 'Kradathon' in some way connected to it, you decide what the name means, it would be a cool way to say "thanks". :D | Midichlorian's are not the bottleneck in this equation. Your body and brain have developed "Force pathways" to make use of the amount of Midichlorian's you naturally have in your blood. They finished developing at the age of 16. You can add all the chemicals you want to your blood now, but your body and brain simply can't use them for anything--they can't handle that much Force.
Now if you'd started these transfusions before you turned 16 and your body finished developing it's Force pathways though... Have you thought about creating a test experiment heir to your power? |
138,603 | Midichlorian's are chemical compounds found within every living cell that forms the basis between the connection life and the Force. Without midichlorians, life would be impossible. The amount of midichlorians in a life form represents its ability to understand, comprehend, and manipulate the Force.
My name is Darth Incognitus, and I have decided to absorb more of these cells into my own body to make my force sensitive abilities stronger. To accomplish this, I have kidnapped numerous force sensitive users who match my blood type. When their midichlorian count has been measured, I will perform a blood transfusion from them to myself in order to absorb these cells. After I have attained enough of these cells, I will become the most powerful force user in the world and create my Sith empire. Then, I will use this method to strengthen my apprentices and students.
However, after a number of tries, I have noticed that my powers have not increased. No matter how many Jedi I murder and drain of blood, my abilities remain average. Why would this be the case? | 2019/02/06 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/138603",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/52361/"
] | ### [Homeostasis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeostasis). Your body maintains an equilibrium, like blood or temperature
A normal human has around 5 litres of blood in their body. If you transfer a litter of to your body (and not die), would now you have 6 litres? Well... maybe, but not for much longer.
Or temperature, you are at 36℃, if you increase/decreases your body heat from your surrounding, will it stay in that forever? Of your not. Your body maintains a level of temperature, by warming up or cooling down at certain thresholds.
Your blood amount is also determined by your body, not your blood transfusions, if you have a lack of blood, your body will produce more to compensate it, and if you have too much, your body will dispatch the blood's water from kidneys, and **red** cells' will be recycled into [bilirubin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilirubin) (**yellow**) in the spleen and that dispatched from duodenum as [stercobilin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stercobilin) (**brown**). Interesting transformation of colours, right?
Midichlorians are like blood, and a lot more things in our body, like hair, adipose tissue, temperature, etc. A transfusion may only increase the Midichlorians during a very short time (if the body is able in the first place to take advantage of them and don't die/get sick due an increased level), then the additional amount will be quickly destroyed/dispatch/recycled by your own body...
...Or maybe not, they aren't destroyed, but anyways they have a certain lifespan, so if you transfuse them to your body, they will work in you until they "get old" and die, like red cells (120 days). Then you should transfer more from the original source... or steal their Midichlorians's stem cells. **That is up to you**. | Midichlorians act as a mediator between the Force, the mind, and the body, all three acting in concert. Because of this, **midichlorians aren't just sensitive to the force, but to the unique pecularities of each person's body chemistry and bioelectric field**. These things change over time, of course, but it happens slowly enough that the organs which produce midichlorians can adapt as a person grows.
**The shock of being suddenly removed from one body and transplanted into another is too quick for the midichlorians to adapt**. Given enough time, they would indeed "learn" how to work with another person's body and mind, as theory might state. The problem is preventing the body from rejecting and excreting them before that happens: it just plain takes too long. This is not something your sith has mastered. |
138,603 | Midichlorian's are chemical compounds found within every living cell that forms the basis between the connection life and the Force. Without midichlorians, life would be impossible. The amount of midichlorians in a life form represents its ability to understand, comprehend, and manipulate the Force.
My name is Darth Incognitus, and I have decided to absorb more of these cells into my own body to make my force sensitive abilities stronger. To accomplish this, I have kidnapped numerous force sensitive users who match my blood type. When their midichlorian count has been measured, I will perform a blood transfusion from them to myself in order to absorb these cells. After I have attained enough of these cells, I will become the most powerful force user in the world and create my Sith empire. Then, I will use this method to strengthen my apprentices and students.
However, after a number of tries, I have noticed that my powers have not increased. No matter how many Jedi I murder and drain of blood, my abilities remain average. Why would this be the case? | 2019/02/06 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/138603",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/52361/"
] | Because the blood level midichlorian equilibrium point is determined by your body's biochemistry. You can't alter this by adding more midichlorians. All that does is cause a temporary imbalance (way too short for your body to make use of it) that your body quickly fixes. Excess midichlorian gets filtered out by the kidneys and ends up down the drain. Literally. | A blood transfusion wouldn't change the number of midichlorians in your other cells and there's no reason to think that your red blood cells are particularly important to your sensitivity to the force...especially when compared to, say, your brain cells and your nerve cells which seem much more likely to mediate between your mind and the Force.
That being said it's actually pretty likely that such a villain would experience a boost in their ability to use the force. Combine the placebo effect with the Force and you could get some real action. |
138,603 | Midichlorian's are chemical compounds found within every living cell that forms the basis between the connection life and the Force. Without midichlorians, life would be impossible. The amount of midichlorians in a life form represents its ability to understand, comprehend, and manipulate the Force.
My name is Darth Incognitus, and I have decided to absorb more of these cells into my own body to make my force sensitive abilities stronger. To accomplish this, I have kidnapped numerous force sensitive users who match my blood type. When their midichlorian count has been measured, I will perform a blood transfusion from them to myself in order to absorb these cells. After I have attained enough of these cells, I will become the most powerful force user in the world and create my Sith empire. Then, I will use this method to strengthen my apprentices and students.
However, after a number of tries, I have noticed that my powers have not increased. No matter how many Jedi I murder and drain of blood, my abilities remain average. Why would this be the case? | 2019/02/06 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/138603",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/52361/"
] | ### [Homeostasis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeostasis). Your body maintains an equilibrium, like blood or temperature
A normal human has around 5 litres of blood in their body. If you transfer a litter of to your body (and not die), would now you have 6 litres? Well... maybe, but not for much longer.
Or temperature, you are at 36℃, if you increase/decreases your body heat from your surrounding, will it stay in that forever? Of your not. Your body maintains a level of temperature, by warming up or cooling down at certain thresholds.
Your blood amount is also determined by your body, not your blood transfusions, if you have a lack of blood, your body will produce more to compensate it, and if you have too much, your body will dispatch the blood's water from kidneys, and **red** cells' will be recycled into [bilirubin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilirubin) (**yellow**) in the spleen and that dispatched from duodenum as [stercobilin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stercobilin) (**brown**). Interesting transformation of colours, right?
Midichlorians are like blood, and a lot more things in our body, like hair, adipose tissue, temperature, etc. A transfusion may only increase the Midichlorians during a very short time (if the body is able in the first place to take advantage of them and don't die/get sick due an increased level), then the additional amount will be quickly destroyed/dispatch/recycled by your own body...
...Or maybe not, they aren't destroyed, but anyways they have a certain lifespan, so if you transfuse them to your body, they will work in you until they "get old" and die, like red cells (120 days). Then you should transfer more from the original source... or steal their Midichlorians's stem cells. **That is up to you**. | **When in trouble, in sci-fy, put a machine to do it for you**
What that mean is basically a reminder than Darth Vader was a reality, and Star Wars have A TON of technology designed to replace organs and/or keep alive people.
With that in mind, you, oh so great Darth Incognitus need a machine than allow you control the response of your body against it's midiclorians.
If the force or your body stand in the way of you being more powerfull, You need to control them!
If you need an automatic control of your natural filtering organs, they can be replaced by synthetic versions of them specialy modified to make your midiclorian administration as you want.
What happend? your blood cells are not designed to resist the influx of new Midichlorian? doesn't matter, replace the medula of your bones (which if i remember correctly, replace the blood lossed) for a machine than do replace blood BUT make it just in the way you need it for achieve your "Darth intentions" (pun intended).
Is your brain affecting the process? doesn't matter, put an artificial part of your brain than do exactly what your brain used to do OR put a machine than counterweight the efect of that part of your brain just in the right way to make the effect you want.
**In time you'll become more and more of a machine Darth Incognitus!, but we all know than Power only respond to Inmortality! and all we know than Machines are inmortal!**
PS: if you like my answer and are making something related to starwars, make a character kinda like a teck-priest and put the name 'Kradathon' in some way connected to it, you decide what the name means, it would be a cool way to say "thanks". :D |
138,603 | Midichlorian's are chemical compounds found within every living cell that forms the basis between the connection life and the Force. Without midichlorians, life would be impossible. The amount of midichlorians in a life form represents its ability to understand, comprehend, and manipulate the Force.
My name is Darth Incognitus, and I have decided to absorb more of these cells into my own body to make my force sensitive abilities stronger. To accomplish this, I have kidnapped numerous force sensitive users who match my blood type. When their midichlorian count has been measured, I will perform a blood transfusion from them to myself in order to absorb these cells. After I have attained enough of these cells, I will become the most powerful force user in the world and create my Sith empire. Then, I will use this method to strengthen my apprentices and students.
However, after a number of tries, I have noticed that my powers have not increased. No matter how many Jedi I murder and drain of blood, my abilities remain average. Why would this be the case? | 2019/02/06 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/138603",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/52361/"
] | **Because they are genetically foreign.**
They immediately start to reject the body, and the body rejects them. Welcome to a force fight at the cellular level.
Immuno-suppressants allow the transfusion to succeed without ripping your body apart, but the downside is that they significantly hamper even your own ability to interact with the force, injecting extra barely raises you back to functioning.
**Cloning ;)**
Okay, genetically identical. Except that the Midichlorian's are already at saturation in your body, adding more of the same simply causes them to die off.
You might, through an ingenuous system of continuous transfusions keep yourself in a state of over-saturation. This would amp up the basic capacity for force manipulation (you will still need practice as with any fine motor control), but there are (semi-)permanent side-effects. The Midichlorian's learn that massive spikes occur, and reduce their overall numbers so as to survive long-term. You might recover to normal levels, it might be a permanent reduction.
**Divergence**
As the force wielder learns, the Midichlorians alter themselves physically. Even if they were cloned and successfully duplicated, reintroduction back into the body causes the equivalent of a theological argument between religious sects. At best nothing changes, at worst valuable skills (learning) are lost as the two sides duke it out, or the host dies.
In short you are extremely lucky to be alive. | A blood transfusion wouldn't change the number of midichlorians in your other cells and there's no reason to think that your red blood cells are particularly important to your sensitivity to the force...especially when compared to, say, your brain cells and your nerve cells which seem much more likely to mediate between your mind and the Force.
That being said it's actually pretty likely that such a villain would experience a boost in their ability to use the force. Combine the placebo effect with the Force and you could get some real action. |
7,482 | I made a piece of sculptural wall art out of pieces of wooden dowel rod, joined together with epoxy glue. It looks similar to these:
* [Example 1](https://i.pinimg.com/originals/81/73/90/817390b09427dd506932245c074d59c6.jpg) [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/0us8cs.jpg)
* [Example 2](http://www.krazyglue.com/images/default-source/Project-Detail-Images/kg-projects_dowelmonogram.jpg?sfvrsn=0) [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/C2i09s.jpg)
Though I tried to keep the bottoms of the dowel rods (which would be against the wall) even with each other, they are sitting at different heights in the back meaning the piece won't hang flat against the wall.
What sort of machine or tool would I use to cut them all down flat to be even with each other? | 2018/06/29 | [
"https://woodworking.stackexchange.com/questions/7482",
"https://woodworking.stackexchange.com",
"https://woodworking.stackexchange.com/users/5306/"
] | >
> **What sort of machine or tool would I use to cut them all down flat to be even with each other?**
>
>
>
First check your wall is flat, many are not. I'd use a ruler that is longer than the longest dimension of the artwork and place it edgewise (not flat) against the wall in many horizontal, vertical and diagonal orientations. Many walls are not flat.
Do the dowels need to be flat and even?
=======================================
I'd consider adding three screw-in feet to the back and adjusting those so it looks right even though none of the perimeter dowels are touching the wall. If you don't like the result, you can always unscrew them and go back to plan A
One or two of the feet could be screw-in eyes or hooks for supporting the artwork. They need to be screw-in so that you can adjust how much they stick out in order to level the artwork parallel to the wall
Three feet rather than more because three feet always sit flat on uneven surfaces, four or more are likely to rock back and forth.
Machines / Power tools
======================
As others have pointed out, large fixed power tools can be dangerous, especially when used on inhomogenous composite pieces with stepped surfaces.
The sorts of machines you might use can have the tendency to fling your artwork at very high speed into the wall or into the face of onlookers or operators. This is probably more likely when working with pieces that have uneven and stepped surfaces.
Even smaller hand-held machines can get out of control and either break bits off your artwork or off you.
Hand methods
============
Sanding
-------
An alternative might be to glue several sheets of 60-grit sandpaper to the flat top of a workbench and move the back of the piece over that in a figure of eight pattern until flat. This would be a lot of work and might cause some break-out at the edges.
Cutting
-------
Using a saw to cut a perfectly flat very thin slice from the base of thin board is something I would find very difficult to do. Particularly on a larger piece. I wouldn't attempt this.
You might be able to nibble slowly at individual dowels one at a time, each time choosing the one that sticks out furthest. Flush-cut saws might be a good choice for this.
---
Thoughts for next time:
=======================
The top piece in your picture looks like it is constructed on a dark rectangular backing board of some sort. The W may be too. That would avoid this problem.
If I were to make a wall-art sculpture of dowels alone, I think I'd glue it up either horizontally with the backs of the dowels resting on a plastic sheet laid on a very flat table or vertically with the dowels supported in temporary framing on the wall in the piece's intended final place.
---
Footnote: This is an old question but it seems to be getting attention lately and I felt it deserved an attempt at an answer. The reason it went unanswered for so long is probably that there isn't really a good answer that directly addresses the question as stated. | You might try a pull saw with a thin blade, they cut with very little effort. |
2,185,598 | Does anyone know of a good Java to C cross compiler?
Do they work well? | 2010/02/02 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2185598",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/264505/"
] | This is very similar to this question, and answers may be helpful to you: [Compiler to translate Java to C](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1941244/compiler-to-translate-java-bytecode-to-platform-independent-c-code-before-runtime/1941303#1941303).
**Summary:** There are tools for this (Toba, GCJ, etc), but you may run into problems with not all of the Java libraries being ported. In the end, tools will probably only do PART of the work, and you'll have to hand-code some of the rest.
A good first step is to convert your Java code to only use standard libraries available in Java 1.4. In fact, you'll probably want to wean as much as possible off of anything not in java.lang.\* or java.util.\* packages in order to simplify the porting procedure.
Depending on the size of your codebase, **it may actually be easier to rewrite the bulk directly rather than relying on tools.** Java and C have a lot of syntax similarity, but the mismatch between C's straight procedural code, and Java's object oriented features could cause problems. **Automated tools may generate virtually unmaintainable C code when trying to work around this, and there's always the possibility for subtle bugs.**
**2016 update:** Don't do this, not now, not ever. The options that used to provide this have not been maintained (GCJ, for example), and it's arguably easier to find a developer fluent in java than C. Also, Java performance has continued to improve, and baseline implementations tend to have similar performance. Optimized C is still faster, but the edge gets smaller and smaller with every JRE version. | Can you explain why you want to port your Java code to c?
If it's for performance you likely won't see much of an improvement. Java is a garbage collected language and currently there isn't an algorithm that can insert memory allocation and deallocation calls efficiently. There have been many researchers trying to solve this problem and they have some interesting solutions but I have not seen a good commercial product that can scale to large programs yet. You can look at the conference proceeding for previous [ISMM](http://www.cs.purdue.edu/ISMM10/) conferences for more information.
If you want to speed your code up I suggest that you use a profiler and find the hot methods. Try and optimize the hot methods and if that is still not enough try and use JNI. |
745,443 | Just a quick question, I've got a DELL T3400 CN-0TP412 Motherboard, and I was wondering if:
* it is compatible with "PCI-E 3.0" video cards?
* Are there any performance implications (if PCI-E is backwards
compatible)?
Specifically the 'Sapphire Radeon R9 270X Vapor-X 2GB'.
<http://www.pccasegear.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=193_1560&products_id=25511>
How would I determine this myself by looking at the specs?
* 3 x PCI Connectors
* 1 x PCI-E x1 Connector
* 2 x PCI-E x4/x8 Connector
Thanks! | 2014/04/24 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/745443",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/251073/"
] | We’re talking about this thing, right?
If so, there’s no problem. Performance might be limited somewhat, but considering the CPUs that fit, that won’t matter anyway. | From what I found on the Sapphire site, your motherboard is not compatible with this graphics card because you don't have a x16 slot. There are additional power & connector requirements as well, and we did not outline what you have available for power.
The [system requirements](http://www.sapphiretech.com/presentation/product/product_index.aspx?pid=2036&lid=1#) are as follows (my emphasis added):
* **PCI Express® based PC is required with one X16 lane graphics slot
available on the motherboard.**
* 4X75 Watt 6-pin PCI Express power connector is required for
CrossFireX™ system.
* 2X75 Watt 6-pin PCI Express power connector is required.
* Installation software requires CD-ROM drive.
* DVD playback requires DVD drive. Blu-ray™ / HD DVD playback requires
Blu-ray / HD DVD drive.
* 500 Watt Power Supply is required.
* 600WattPower Supply is recommended for CrossFireX™ System.
* 64-bit operating system highly recommended |
745,443 | Just a quick question, I've got a DELL T3400 CN-0TP412 Motherboard, and I was wondering if:
* it is compatible with "PCI-E 3.0" video cards?
* Are there any performance implications (if PCI-E is backwards
compatible)?
Specifically the 'Sapphire Radeon R9 270X Vapor-X 2GB'.
<http://www.pccasegear.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=193_1560&products_id=25511>
How would I determine this myself by looking at the specs?
* 3 x PCI Connectors
* 1 x PCI-E x1 Connector
* 2 x PCI-E x4/x8 Connector
Thanks! | 2014/04/24 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/745443",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/251073/"
] | I have this computer and this motherboard and "CharlieRB's" answer (above) is incorrect, with regards to it not having a x16 lane PCi express lot.
Not only does the 0TP412 motherboard have a x16 lane slot for PCi express, IT HAS TWO - and both are PCi express 2 slots. You can spot them even in the picture above. On the top left quadrant, that long blue slot is called "SLOT2" and the long black slot is called "Slot4" - both are x16 lane slot PCi express 2 slots.
• 2x PCI Express x16
• 1x PCI Express x8
• 3x PCI
And if you don't have a 500 watt power, then get one. They're easy to install -you'll need it. | From what I found on the Sapphire site, your motherboard is not compatible with this graphics card because you don't have a x16 slot. There are additional power & connector requirements as well, and we did not outline what you have available for power.
The [system requirements](http://www.sapphiretech.com/presentation/product/product_index.aspx?pid=2036&lid=1#) are as follows (my emphasis added):
* **PCI Express® based PC is required with one X16 lane graphics slot
available on the motherboard.**
* 4X75 Watt 6-pin PCI Express power connector is required for
CrossFireX™ system.
* 2X75 Watt 6-pin PCI Express power connector is required.
* Installation software requires CD-ROM drive.
* DVD playback requires DVD drive. Blu-ray™ / HD DVD playback requires
Blu-ray / HD DVD drive.
* 500 Watt Power Supply is required.
* 600WattPower Supply is recommended for CrossFireX™ System.
* 64-bit operating system highly recommended |
745,443 | Just a quick question, I've got a DELL T3400 CN-0TP412 Motherboard, and I was wondering if:
* it is compatible with "PCI-E 3.0" video cards?
* Are there any performance implications (if PCI-E is backwards
compatible)?
Specifically the 'Sapphire Radeon R9 270X Vapor-X 2GB'.
<http://www.pccasegear.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=193_1560&products_id=25511>
How would I determine this myself by looking at the specs?
* 3 x PCI Connectors
* 1 x PCI-E x1 Connector
* 2 x PCI-E x4/x8 Connector
Thanks! | 2014/04/24 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/745443",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/251073/"
] | We’re talking about this thing, right?
If so, there’s no problem. Performance might be limited somewhat, but considering the CPUs that fit, that won’t matter anyway. | I have this computer and this motherboard and "CharlieRB's" answer (above) is incorrect, with regards to it not having a x16 lane PCi express lot.
Not only does the 0TP412 motherboard have a x16 lane slot for PCi express, IT HAS TWO - and both are PCi express 2 slots. You can spot them even in the picture above. On the top left quadrant, that long blue slot is called "SLOT2" and the long black slot is called "Slot4" - both are x16 lane slot PCi express 2 slots.
• 2x PCI Express x16
• 1x PCI Express x8
• 3x PCI
And if you don't have a 500 watt power, then get one. They're easy to install -you'll need it. |
36,787 | [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/kfhAq.jpg)
Compared to its [Mar 2016 article](https://www.autoblog.com/2016/03/30/headlights-iihs-insurance-institute-highway-safety-car-led/), the Nov 29 2018 article by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety proclaims that ["headlights improve, but base models leave drivers in the dark"](https://www.iihs.org/news/detail/headlights-improve-but-base-models-leave-drivers-in-the-dark) and are dreadfully too dim. Picture is from [NPR](https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/03/30/472384092/a-dim-view-only-one-car-out-of-31-is-deemed-to-have-good-headlights).
>
> Just over half of 2018 model vehicles IIHS evaluated are available with headlights that do an adequate job of lighting the road at night and limiting glare for oncoming drivers, but most good-rated headlights are optional or bundled with features that can raise the price of the vehicle.
>
>
>
In addition to overhead lights, why not [illume](https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/illume) (not a typo. I'm using this for it's shorter) from the ground like airport runways do?
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/aKRaR.jpg)
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/7sTTr.jpg)
Such outdoor lighting can be recessed into the ground, to further prevent any collision between vehicles and the light bulbs.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ZLUaX.jpg)
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/OVsZY.jpg) | 2020/07/20 | [
"https://engineering.stackexchange.com/questions/36787",
"https://engineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://engineering.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | You are right. It is easier to do a weld under the specified heat and approved specs in a shop likely by a robot and get the welds pre approved by the authority in charge as a large batch. As opposed to having to pay a license welder and a authorized weld inspector.
Bolts could be torqued by automatic torque wrench easily on the job site.
This saves time, money. | Welding a beam to a column can deform the column at its bending axis.
The axial load on a steel column is determined by multiplying the moment by a bending factor. The bending factor is the area of the cross section divided by the section modulus.
These factors are tabulated in the AISC Manual for the x and y axis.
When a portion of that cross section is modified by welding, the column is no longer as strong. |
16,628 | I have converted to Islam 8 years ago but my husband does not hold the same religious beliefs. He is Sikh. I stopped all marital relations and it began to divide us greatly. He is rather prejudiced and even ignorant. I tried to make him understand but he wouldn't. I could not continue in that situation so I chose to leave him 3 years ago. It was not an easy decision to make but I wanted to move on with my life.
Last year, I met and fell in love with a good Muslim man. He knows about my past and has still accepted me wholeheartedly. We want to get married and start our own family.
When I left my ex I did not have any wish to meet someone so I did not file for a legal divorce. I was happy to just have my freedom. Now that I have filed for divorce, he is making it difficult.
Is there any way that we can have a nikah before the divorce is finalized? I am advised that it could take at least another two years before I can apply for non-consensual divorce (which in the worst case scenario can also be defended.) We have agreed that we can get legally married once my divorce has been finalized.
If it is possible, where would I go to have this ceremony performed? | 2014/07/31 | [
"https://islam.stackexchange.com/questions/16628",
"https://islam.stackexchange.com",
"https://islam.stackexchange.com/users/8104/"
] | >
> I am advised that it could take at least another two years before I can apply for non-consensual divorce
>
>
>
So it is not surely said. I think you should try to write to court again, maybe to higher court. Also mention that you have already been living separately for 3 years.
In case if your previous husband had changed his mind about his behaviours that you disliked and did proposed to you to live together and he will do as you like, I cannot say strictly that you should divorce only because he has another religion, because you married before you have become muslim.
In case you make nikah before civil divorce, you should not forget quran 60:10
>
> ... But give the disbelievers what they have spent. ...
>
>
> | Nikkah Cannot be done between muslim and non-muslim. so if your ex husband was non muslim so you were not in his nikkah and now you can do nikkah with your love according to islam. Civil Marriage Formalities are for government records. |
16,628 | I have converted to Islam 8 years ago but my husband does not hold the same religious beliefs. He is Sikh. I stopped all marital relations and it began to divide us greatly. He is rather prejudiced and even ignorant. I tried to make him understand but he wouldn't. I could not continue in that situation so I chose to leave him 3 years ago. It was not an easy decision to make but I wanted to move on with my life.
Last year, I met and fell in love with a good Muslim man. He knows about my past and has still accepted me wholeheartedly. We want to get married and start our own family.
When I left my ex I did not have any wish to meet someone so I did not file for a legal divorce. I was happy to just have my freedom. Now that I have filed for divorce, he is making it difficult.
Is there any way that we can have a nikah before the divorce is finalized? I am advised that it could take at least another two years before I can apply for non-consensual divorce (which in the worst case scenario can also be defended.) We have agreed that we can get legally married once my divorce has been finalized.
If it is possible, where would I go to have this ceremony performed? | 2014/07/31 | [
"https://islam.stackexchange.com/questions/16628",
"https://islam.stackexchange.com",
"https://islam.stackexchange.com/users/8104/"
] | It's been almost 2 years since you posted the question. Are you still in the difficult situation or have been able find some solution?
Irrespective of the marriage under religious context, if you want to be recognised under any civil rule, no matter whichever country, for all the civil transactions including your passport, children education, or etc, it's always your valid document is the proof to show that you are legally married.
Ultimately your happiness matters. Try out the better ways to come over the difficult situations by simple ways and find some meaning in 'relationship based on love' apart from 'based on religion'. | Nikkah Cannot be done between muslim and non-muslim. so if your ex husband was non muslim so you were not in his nikkah and now you can do nikkah with your love according to islam. Civil Marriage Formalities are for government records. |
67,269 | I have solid lenses for my 7D for outdoor photography, but now I want to venture indoors. Closer focal distance, Potentially less light. What are the key artistes of a lens that I should look for?
Wide angle?
Aperture?
I'm looking at some prime lenses but I have never ventured into that realm before. Thanks for the points.
*I'm not looking for specific lenses as much as overall aspects and attributes to weigh.* | 2015/08/11 | [
"https://photo.stackexchange.com/questions/67269",
"https://photo.stackexchange.com",
"https://photo.stackexchange.com/users/42960/"
] | Simple answer: No, you don't need a UV filter. There is no particular reason to use one... film was quite sensitive to UV light, more so that the eye, so when shooting film a UV filter did something useful. Digital sensors are different in this respect, less sensitive to UV, so a UV filter is irrelevant. All you are doing with a UV filter is to stack up more glass, and more glass-air interfaces, in front of the sensor and this is a bad thing in and of itself.
An argument can be made (and frequently is) that it protects the front element of the lens, but this is far from self-evident. A lens-hood does much the same job of protection and is useful in that it shields the front element from light coming from outside the frame, which is a good thing. | The only use for a UV filter for digital cameras is to protect the lens, although there are mixed opinions about the usefulness of that. I do use a UV filter for extra protection, also to protect the lens from moisture. The lens then has to be cleaned less often, therefore it will accumulate scratches less fast. Now a few scratches won't affect image quality, but it is likely to cause a customer who you want to sell your lens to in the future, to offer less for it. Also, should you lose your lens cap the UV filter will still protect the lens, you can put a microfiber cloth over it fasten it by an elastic band until you get a chance to buy a new lens cap.
Note that as a lens protector, you should screw the UV filter off each time you use the camera and back on when you don't intend to take pictures for some time (the UV filter can negatively influence image quality, it can cause reflections particularly if you take pictures in the dark and there are some bright lights in the scene). You should use a rocket blower to blow off dust from the lens before screwing the UV filter back on. In cold conditions this is a good practice, if you are done taking pictures then on the ice cold camera, moisture will condense when you move into a warmer place. But the UV filter will now trap a bit of the bone dry air from outside, so no moisture will condense on the lens surface. |
593,685 | We have 7 Dlink DGS-3120 48 ports Gig switches stacking together and all ports are being used. Each switch represents a single segment of our working area. it is working well without any issue.
My question is that there is a 5-4-3 rule for network topology, but looks like our switch stack got nothing to do with this rule....? or newer technology has overcame the 5-4-3 limitation?
any idea why?
another question is how many switches can be connected in series? | 2014/05/07 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/593685",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/212415/"
] | The 5-4-3 rule is largely outdated: A switched Ethernet network should be exempt from the 5-4-3 rule because each switch has a buffer to temporarily store data and all nodes can access a switched Ethernet LAN simultaneously. More on the [5-4-3 rule here](http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/5/5_4_3_rule.html). | I asked a CCIE the same question, about how many switches can you have in series. He said no real limit, you could string a hundred together end-to-end, for example. There would be some limit depending on the timeouts used by your network stack, but that would vary according to the user. |
271,491 | I have a beanstalk server that is trying to connect to a postgres db running on a ec2 machine. The ips are unknown as they always change. What kind of security should I allow for the db? Normally you retrict to only your known server ip. | 2011/05/18 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/271491",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/-1/"
] | You can use AWS security groups to make your postgres server only accessible to your beanstalk instances. Just set up the security group on the postgres server to only allow incoming traffic from instances in your Beanstalk security group. This is effectively a firewall at the TCP/IP level, but you can block/allow based on AWS security groups instead of IP addresses. As far as I know, this should be pretty darn secure. At least, if you trust that Amazon has implemented its security group feature well. | You might find this recent and mildly related pg-performance thread interesting:
<http://postgresql.1045698.n5.nabble.com/amazon-ec2-tt4368036.html>
In particular:
<http://postgresql.1045698.n5.nabble.com/amazon-ec2-tp4368036p4369917.html> |
271,491 | I have a beanstalk server that is trying to connect to a postgres db running on a ec2 machine. The ips are unknown as they always change. What kind of security should I allow for the db? Normally you retrict to only your known server ip. | 2011/05/18 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/271491",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/-1/"
] | You can use AWS security groups to make your postgres server only accessible to your beanstalk instances. Just set up the security group on the postgres server to only allow incoming traffic from instances in your Beanstalk security group. This is effectively a firewall at the TCP/IP level, but you can block/allow based on AWS security groups instead of IP addresses. As far as I know, this should be pretty darn secure. At least, if you trust that Amazon has implemented its security group feature well. | You can try define [VPC security group](http://docs.amazonwebservices.com/AmazonVPC/latest/UserGuide/index.html?VPC_SecurityGroups.html). |
323,079 | >
> doomguy (protagonist of a video game) utters: **There's nothing wrong with you that I can't fix…with my hands!**
>
>
>
To understand well with a context please check out this: [Doom Comic, Volume 1, No. 1, Page 1](https://www.doomworld.com/10years/doomcomic/comic.php?page=1) (warning: gore).
Can you tell me why he said this? Is that a idiom or what? | 2022/09/16 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/323079",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/161000/"
] | It's a variation on an idiom, or possibly an amalgamation of two to create a veiled threat. "*Nothing that cannot be fixed*" is a fairly common idiom, meaning that something which has been broken is easily repairable. It is normally a positive, reassuring thing to say.
To do anything "*by hand*", or "*with my (bare) hands*" means to do something yourself, manually, without the benefit of automation and perhaps with the bare minimum of tools.
What I understand is being said is that there is something 'wrong' with Doomguy's foe. Saying there is something wrong with a person can, in context, mean they are sick, evil, twisted etc. The suggestion that he will 'fix' this is a euphemism - he is actually going to attack him. And it would seem he is going to use his fists, hence 'with my hands'. | **"How do you feel?"** Ringo Star replied calmly **"With ma hands!"** ;)
This context is different. It is a verbal threat to assert physical constraints to fix perceived unwanted behaviors as opposed to some medical or mental issue. It could get ugly if he declines assistance. But then this is a macho super-aggressive comic strip character. |
298,375 | I have a dual boot set up on a Lenovo Ideapad Y500 with NVIDIA 750M and I am having problems installing the graphics cards. I have made sure to install both linux-headers-generic and linux-source, and yet have ended up with a black screen whether I install nvidia-current, nvidia-current-updates, nvidia-experimental-310, and nvidia-319. I even tried enabling proprietary drivers through settings and still ended up with a black screen on boot. Is my graphics card just not supported yet, or is there a way to fix this? | 2013/05/21 | [
"https://askubuntu.com/questions/298375",
"https://askubuntu.com",
"https://askubuntu.com/users/116551/"
] | Used the GUI to enable proprietary drivers several days ago, and to my surprise it worked. A couple month's worth of updates must have fixed the issue. | pay attention that there are different nvidia-packages !
the general package is not working as good as the special cuda-sdk-package
for cards with optimus-cuda !
here is the solution I have done with my 540M nvidia-card:
<https://askubuntu.com/questions/297030/nvidia-frickle-with-hybrid-chipset-is-now-over-finally> |
298,375 | I have a dual boot set up on a Lenovo Ideapad Y500 with NVIDIA 750M and I am having problems installing the graphics cards. I have made sure to install both linux-headers-generic and linux-source, and yet have ended up with a black screen whether I install nvidia-current, nvidia-current-updates, nvidia-experimental-310, and nvidia-319. I even tried enabling proprietary drivers through settings and still ended up with a black screen on boot. Is my graphics card just not supported yet, or is there a way to fix this? | 2013/05/21 | [
"https://askubuntu.com/questions/298375",
"https://askubuntu.com",
"https://askubuntu.com/users/116551/"
] | Used the GUI to enable proprietary drivers several days ago, and to my surprise it worked. A couple month's worth of updates must have fixed the issue. | Blackscreenn after installing a new nvidia driver: push the key "FN" and "Up". You only have to lighter the screen. |
23,512,821 | Were trying to embed a twitter feed onto our footer on a site built on an eCommerce platform.
Unfortunately the system doesn't allow external JavaScript calls as they "might interfere" with the store.
Can anybody recommend a way to embed a live twitter feed, without using JavaScript?
Thanks
Henry | 2014/05/07 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/23512821",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1711666/"
] | From [here](https://dev.twitter.com/discussions/5706)
>
> The embed code for the tweet has fallback behavior for environments without Javascript -- you lose some of the functionality since the tweet's validity won't be verified via Javascript, but the HTML chosen for the embed code should fallback smoothly.
>
>
>
Was first hit on google for your title. | The embed code for the tweet has fallback behavior for environments without Javascript -- you lose some of the functionality since the tweet's validity won't be verified via Javascript, but the HTML chosen for the embed code should fallback smoothly.
You can also try this : [http://codingowl.net/blog/twitter-feed-without-javascript/](https://web.archive.org/web/20140220144949/http://codingowl.net/blog/twitter-feed-without-javascript/) |
23,512,821 | Were trying to embed a twitter feed onto our footer on a site built on an eCommerce platform.
Unfortunately the system doesn't allow external JavaScript calls as they "might interfere" with the store.
Can anybody recommend a way to embed a live twitter feed, without using JavaScript?
Thanks
Henry | 2014/05/07 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/23512821",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1711666/"
] | From [here](https://dev.twitter.com/discussions/5706)
>
> The embed code for the tweet has fallback behavior for environments without Javascript -- you lose some of the functionality since the tweet's validity won't be verified via Javascript, but the HTML chosen for the embed code should fallback smoothly.
>
>
>
Was first hit on google for your title. | Alternative solution,
iframe to a file on a server elsewhere |
5,722,621 | I want to write something in Java that would compute something on the fly. So, I want to have a Java server that can reply to AJAX requests. That's all I need. I want it to be as minimalistic as humanly possible.
If you want a hypothetical scenario, pretend I want to write an adder service. Something to which I can pass the JSON: { "action" : "add", "args": [0, 1] } and get { "sum" : 1 } back. That's all, but I want it on the web. I don't care about security or anything else. So no sessions, no https or anything.
I don't want to set up a server or use some bloated framework. I'm thinking I can accomplish this with JNetPCap and pure old Java, but I would like to get rid of PCap as well.
I guess I'm asking what in the standard JRE or a very light-weight jar can give me what I'm looking for.
Thank you guys.
Edit: For the purpose of the exercise, imagine that what I want to write should be able to run on anything that has Java installed and has an open port.
Edit #2: It turns out my entire thought process had a fundamental flaw: If I have a server that only serves JSON there's no way to have a page on the same domain that can safely request that JSON without using JSONP or something. So, I will be using the JLHTTP. Thank you all who participated. | 2011/04/19 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/5722621",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/376737/"
] | Since AJAX requests/responses rely on HTTP, you're going to have to use some sort of HTTP server. I'd recommend [Jetty](http://docs.codehaus.org/display/JETTY/Embedding+Jetty) as it is pretty light-weight and there seems to be many examples on how to use it. | I think you might be too quick to dismiss the "bloated-frameworks". What you're trying to do is implement - at the bare minimum - something capable of receiving, understanding, and responding to http GET requests using JSON for your message passing. While this can be done using code completely native to your run of the mill jdk, you would probably end up writing far more code to accomplish this, than you would if you would follow a quick tutorial on Tomcat or Jetty. That is what I'm guessing the purpose of @jcm's comment was.
But if you really want to just get this done and not think about it, all you really need to do is follow a tutorial like this one: <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EOkN5IPoJVs>
The video is using tomcat and eclipse. The version is an older one but its close enough that you can kind of play around and figure it out. I'm only recommending Tomcat because its what I know; but Jetty would work perfectly well as @David suggested and I'm sure there are plenty of simple tutorials out there for that as well.
Also, once you get your servlet up and going, I think you're going to find that parsing your json requests as strings is annoying. I would recommend looking into [gson](http://code.google.com/p/google-gson/). It is a really simple way to map JSON strings to POJOs.
The gist of what I'm saying is that doing this all natively with java and without any 3rd party software might be the shortest path, but not the easiest. Just like taking your car to your friends house might be a 3 mile drive, but its still easier and quicker than running 1 mile through the woods. |
5,722,621 | I want to write something in Java that would compute something on the fly. So, I want to have a Java server that can reply to AJAX requests. That's all I need. I want it to be as minimalistic as humanly possible.
If you want a hypothetical scenario, pretend I want to write an adder service. Something to which I can pass the JSON: { "action" : "add", "args": [0, 1] } and get { "sum" : 1 } back. That's all, but I want it on the web. I don't care about security or anything else. So no sessions, no https or anything.
I don't want to set up a server or use some bloated framework. I'm thinking I can accomplish this with JNetPCap and pure old Java, but I would like to get rid of PCap as well.
I guess I'm asking what in the standard JRE or a very light-weight jar can give me what I'm looking for.
Thank you guys.
Edit: For the purpose of the exercise, imagine that what I want to write should be able to run on anything that has Java installed and has an open port.
Edit #2: It turns out my entire thought process had a fundamental flaw: If I have a server that only serves JSON there's no way to have a page on the same domain that can safely request that JSON without using JSONP or something. So, I will be using the JLHTTP. Thank you all who participated. | 2011/04/19 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/5722621",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/376737/"
] | Since AJAX requests/responses rely on HTTP, you're going to have to use some sort of HTTP server. I'd recommend [Jetty](http://docs.codehaus.org/display/JETTY/Embedding+Jetty) as it is pretty light-weight and there seems to be many examples on how to use it. | I'm leaning towards something like this:
<http://examples.oreilly.com/9781565923713/Server.java>
I'm not sure if one can handle AJAX requests through it though or if JRE has standard libraries to read requests from Sockets. |
5,722,621 | I want to write something in Java that would compute something on the fly. So, I want to have a Java server that can reply to AJAX requests. That's all I need. I want it to be as minimalistic as humanly possible.
If you want a hypothetical scenario, pretend I want to write an adder service. Something to which I can pass the JSON: { "action" : "add", "args": [0, 1] } and get { "sum" : 1 } back. That's all, but I want it on the web. I don't care about security or anything else. So no sessions, no https or anything.
I don't want to set up a server or use some bloated framework. I'm thinking I can accomplish this with JNetPCap and pure old Java, but I would like to get rid of PCap as well.
I guess I'm asking what in the standard JRE or a very light-weight jar can give me what I'm looking for.
Thank you guys.
Edit: For the purpose of the exercise, imagine that what I want to write should be able to run on anything that has Java installed and has an open port.
Edit #2: It turns out my entire thought process had a fundamental flaw: If I have a server that only serves JSON there's no way to have a page on the same domain that can safely request that JSON without using JSONP or something. So, I will be using the JLHTTP. Thank you all who participated. | 2011/04/19 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/5722621",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/376737/"
] | [This is](http://www.freeutils.net/source/jlhttp/) the most lightweight functioning HTTP server written in Java that I've come across so far (39 KB for the whole thing). I've used it for doing integration testing, I have no idea how it would fare as a production server. In particular, I don't know how it handles multiple concurrent requests. | Since AJAX requests/responses rely on HTTP, you're going to have to use some sort of HTTP server. I'd recommend [Jetty](http://docs.codehaus.org/display/JETTY/Embedding+Jetty) as it is pretty light-weight and there seems to be many examples on how to use it. |
5,722,621 | I want to write something in Java that would compute something on the fly. So, I want to have a Java server that can reply to AJAX requests. That's all I need. I want it to be as minimalistic as humanly possible.
If you want a hypothetical scenario, pretend I want to write an adder service. Something to which I can pass the JSON: { "action" : "add", "args": [0, 1] } and get { "sum" : 1 } back. That's all, but I want it on the web. I don't care about security or anything else. So no sessions, no https or anything.
I don't want to set up a server or use some bloated framework. I'm thinking I can accomplish this with JNetPCap and pure old Java, but I would like to get rid of PCap as well.
I guess I'm asking what in the standard JRE or a very light-weight jar can give me what I'm looking for.
Thank you guys.
Edit: For the purpose of the exercise, imagine that what I want to write should be able to run on anything that has Java installed and has an open port.
Edit #2: It turns out my entire thought process had a fundamental flaw: If I have a server that only serves JSON there's no way to have a page on the same domain that can safely request that JSON without using JSONP or something. So, I will be using the JLHTTP. Thank you all who participated. | 2011/04/19 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/5722621",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/376737/"
] | Since AJAX requests/responses rely on HTTP, you're going to have to use some sort of HTTP server. I'd recommend [Jetty](http://docs.codehaus.org/display/JETTY/Embedding+Jetty) as it is pretty light-weight and there seems to be many examples on how to use it. | You can implement a very basic HTTP server in about a hundred lines of code using Java's nio. I wrote one that I used for a lecture on logging (as a replacement for debug-by-println). It was conceptually similar to your Server.java example, but used the nio packages. Assuming you don't want to write your own, or just want an example, take a look at [Raining Sockets](http://jniosocket.sourceforge.net/). Next, you'll need something to parse the JSON. You can use Gson (no link because my SO reputation isn't high enough), or again, write your own. If you write your own, you may want to use a parser generator tool like [ANTLR](http://www.antlr.org/). ANTLR might also help if you want to support the HTTP specification with a little more rigor than just matching "HTTP GET". |
5,722,621 | I want to write something in Java that would compute something on the fly. So, I want to have a Java server that can reply to AJAX requests. That's all I need. I want it to be as minimalistic as humanly possible.
If you want a hypothetical scenario, pretend I want to write an adder service. Something to which I can pass the JSON: { "action" : "add", "args": [0, 1] } and get { "sum" : 1 } back. That's all, but I want it on the web. I don't care about security or anything else. So no sessions, no https or anything.
I don't want to set up a server or use some bloated framework. I'm thinking I can accomplish this with JNetPCap and pure old Java, but I would like to get rid of PCap as well.
I guess I'm asking what in the standard JRE or a very light-weight jar can give me what I'm looking for.
Thank you guys.
Edit: For the purpose of the exercise, imagine that what I want to write should be able to run on anything that has Java installed and has an open port.
Edit #2: It turns out my entire thought process had a fundamental flaw: If I have a server that only serves JSON there's no way to have a page on the same domain that can safely request that JSON without using JSONP or something. So, I will be using the JLHTTP. Thank you all who participated. | 2011/04/19 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/5722621",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/376737/"
] | [This is](http://www.freeutils.net/source/jlhttp/) the most lightweight functioning HTTP server written in Java that I've come across so far (39 KB for the whole thing). I've used it for doing integration testing, I have no idea how it would fare as a production server. In particular, I don't know how it handles multiple concurrent requests. | I think you might be too quick to dismiss the "bloated-frameworks". What you're trying to do is implement - at the bare minimum - something capable of receiving, understanding, and responding to http GET requests using JSON for your message passing. While this can be done using code completely native to your run of the mill jdk, you would probably end up writing far more code to accomplish this, than you would if you would follow a quick tutorial on Tomcat or Jetty. That is what I'm guessing the purpose of @jcm's comment was.
But if you really want to just get this done and not think about it, all you really need to do is follow a tutorial like this one: <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EOkN5IPoJVs>
The video is using tomcat and eclipse. The version is an older one but its close enough that you can kind of play around and figure it out. I'm only recommending Tomcat because its what I know; but Jetty would work perfectly well as @David suggested and I'm sure there are plenty of simple tutorials out there for that as well.
Also, once you get your servlet up and going, I think you're going to find that parsing your json requests as strings is annoying. I would recommend looking into [gson](http://code.google.com/p/google-gson/). It is a really simple way to map JSON strings to POJOs.
The gist of what I'm saying is that doing this all natively with java and without any 3rd party software might be the shortest path, but not the easiest. Just like taking your car to your friends house might be a 3 mile drive, but its still easier and quicker than running 1 mile through the woods. |
5,722,621 | I want to write something in Java that would compute something on the fly. So, I want to have a Java server that can reply to AJAX requests. That's all I need. I want it to be as minimalistic as humanly possible.
If you want a hypothetical scenario, pretend I want to write an adder service. Something to which I can pass the JSON: { "action" : "add", "args": [0, 1] } and get { "sum" : 1 } back. That's all, but I want it on the web. I don't care about security or anything else. So no sessions, no https or anything.
I don't want to set up a server or use some bloated framework. I'm thinking I can accomplish this with JNetPCap and pure old Java, but I would like to get rid of PCap as well.
I guess I'm asking what in the standard JRE or a very light-weight jar can give me what I'm looking for.
Thank you guys.
Edit: For the purpose of the exercise, imagine that what I want to write should be able to run on anything that has Java installed and has an open port.
Edit #2: It turns out my entire thought process had a fundamental flaw: If I have a server that only serves JSON there's no way to have a page on the same domain that can safely request that JSON without using JSONP or something. So, I will be using the JLHTTP. Thank you all who participated. | 2011/04/19 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/5722621",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/376737/"
] | [This is](http://www.freeutils.net/source/jlhttp/) the most lightweight functioning HTTP server written in Java that I've come across so far (39 KB for the whole thing). I've used it for doing integration testing, I have no idea how it would fare as a production server. In particular, I don't know how it handles multiple concurrent requests. | I'm leaning towards something like this:
<http://examples.oreilly.com/9781565923713/Server.java>
I'm not sure if one can handle AJAX requests through it though or if JRE has standard libraries to read requests from Sockets. |
5,722,621 | I want to write something in Java that would compute something on the fly. So, I want to have a Java server that can reply to AJAX requests. That's all I need. I want it to be as minimalistic as humanly possible.
If you want a hypothetical scenario, pretend I want to write an adder service. Something to which I can pass the JSON: { "action" : "add", "args": [0, 1] } and get { "sum" : 1 } back. That's all, but I want it on the web. I don't care about security or anything else. So no sessions, no https or anything.
I don't want to set up a server or use some bloated framework. I'm thinking I can accomplish this with JNetPCap and pure old Java, but I would like to get rid of PCap as well.
I guess I'm asking what in the standard JRE or a very light-weight jar can give me what I'm looking for.
Thank you guys.
Edit: For the purpose of the exercise, imagine that what I want to write should be able to run on anything that has Java installed and has an open port.
Edit #2: It turns out my entire thought process had a fundamental flaw: If I have a server that only serves JSON there's no way to have a page on the same domain that can safely request that JSON without using JSONP or something. So, I will be using the JLHTTP. Thank you all who participated. | 2011/04/19 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/5722621",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/376737/"
] | [This is](http://www.freeutils.net/source/jlhttp/) the most lightweight functioning HTTP server written in Java that I've come across so far (39 KB for the whole thing). I've used it for doing integration testing, I have no idea how it would fare as a production server. In particular, I don't know how it handles multiple concurrent requests. | You can implement a very basic HTTP server in about a hundred lines of code using Java's nio. I wrote one that I used for a lecture on logging (as a replacement for debug-by-println). It was conceptually similar to your Server.java example, but used the nio packages. Assuming you don't want to write your own, or just want an example, take a look at [Raining Sockets](http://jniosocket.sourceforge.net/). Next, you'll need something to parse the JSON. You can use Gson (no link because my SO reputation isn't high enough), or again, write your own. If you write your own, you may want to use a parser generator tool like [ANTLR](http://www.antlr.org/). ANTLR might also help if you want to support the HTTP specification with a little more rigor than just matching "HTTP GET". |
27,838 | Following [What is the most famous computer bug of all time?](http://www.quora.com/What-is-the-most-famous-computer-bug-of-all-time), what are the most famous *concurrency*-related bugs?
"Famous" means that the issue enjoyed coverage in mass media. Embarassingly costly issues, issues resulting in loss of life, or issues having an impact on politics are also considered.
"Concurrency-related" means that the issue was related to races, nondeterministic program outcome, or thread interaction in general.
E.g., the Therac-25 incidents and the Northeast Blackout of 2003 (@Kevin McKenzie: thx!) are famous and concurrency-related. But they are old, so, newer failures are appreciated.
There are some general famous-bug enumerations (e.g., <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_software_bugs>), but they are difficult to filter for concurrency issues. | 2017/06/15 | [
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com/questions/27838",
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com",
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | There are two that come to mind: [Therac-25](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Therac-25) and the [Northeast Blackout of 2003](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northeast_blackout_of_2003).
The Therac-25 was a radiation therapy machine; there was a race condition that could cause the high-power electron beam to trigger instead of the low power beam. Three people died as a result. When I was in college, the Therac-25 bug was brought up when we were learning about concurrency to illustrate the dangers, as it had lead to deaths, which was at the time unusual for software bugs.
However, that was prior to the Northeast Blackout; while there were a number of things that had to happen in order for the bug to be exposed, eventually, it was the race condition that prevented an alarm from going off, which meant that the operators didn't know they needed to do anything to redistribute power, which eventually cascaded into a power failure for much of Northeast United States that lasted for several days. I'd imagine this is what's talked about in college today, since some students probably remember it. | There were many bugs with the initial rollout of [healthcare.gov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HealthCare.gov), and definitely concurrency played a role. According to Todd Park, the site was designed to handle 50K concurrent users instead of the 250k that actually tried to use it. On the first day of operation, only 6 people were able to complete the signup. |
12,869 | On our SQL Server, we have a database for each of our web apps. For reports, we use Reporting Services and all report data (including report parameters) come from stored procedures.
The stored procedures are in the same database as the data in the report. So, for example, the procs that serve the Stock reports are in the Stock database. Some reports show information from more than one database and then the proc will be in one of those source databases. The report parameters get their data from procs in an Enterprise database that has data like stores, employees etc.
This means that all reports have at least a connection to the Enterprise database and another connection to another database -- and sometimes more than that.
My question is: **is there a benefit of moving the reporting procs into a separate "Reports" database**. I know the benefits of moving reports onto another server and I'm not talking about that -- this would be on the same server.
Things that might affect this are:
* Does having more than one database connection for a report, affect the speed of the report?
* Would having the reporting proc in a separate database from the data, prevent us from using indexed views?
* Have you found it easier / harder is administer you reports in a separate database?
Please let me know what you think. | 2008/10/10 | [
"https://dba.stackexchange.com/questions/12869",
"https://dba.stackexchange.com",
"https://dba.stackexchange.com/users/16946/"
] | I think it much depends on the kind of SP you're running. If they are heavy and could effect other things running on the database server I'd move them. Otherwise I'd try and keep the close to the database they're actually reporting on, if find that much easier to maintain and keep track of. Just having the report close to the actual database could also affect performance but if your on a standard setup and not moving enormous amount of data that would be a tiny difference I guess.
I've also found [this](http://www.microsoft.com/technet/prodtechnol/sql/2005/pspsqlrs.mspx#E6NAC) article useful. | I'd recommend against moving the stored procedures to another database for several reasons. From a development perspective you have to reproduce two databases each time you want to make alterations. As a consequence you will now how to synchronize the schema from the "data" database and the stored procedures from the second one with the production versions. In regards to disaster recovery and backup/restore, you now have to concern yourself with restoration of 2 database just to get your system up and running.
When testing you also have added complexities. You'll have more points of failure in respect to permissions, versions, etc. Now if you have more than 1 person working on different initiatives on the database(s) you have more spend more time coordinating efforts. Now imagine its 3 am, the system is down and you have to hunt through the permissions on all databases, and have to ensure that no one has left a function or procedure on the wrong database during development. |
12,869 | On our SQL Server, we have a database for each of our web apps. For reports, we use Reporting Services and all report data (including report parameters) come from stored procedures.
The stored procedures are in the same database as the data in the report. So, for example, the procs that serve the Stock reports are in the Stock database. Some reports show information from more than one database and then the proc will be in one of those source databases. The report parameters get their data from procs in an Enterprise database that has data like stores, employees etc.
This means that all reports have at least a connection to the Enterprise database and another connection to another database -- and sometimes more than that.
My question is: **is there a benefit of moving the reporting procs into a separate "Reports" database**. I know the benefits of moving reports onto another server and I'm not talking about that -- this would be on the same server.
Things that might affect this are:
* Does having more than one database connection for a report, affect the speed of the report?
* Would having the reporting proc in a separate database from the data, prevent us from using indexed views?
* Have you found it easier / harder is administer you reports in a separate database?
Please let me know what you think. | 2008/10/10 | [
"https://dba.stackexchange.com/questions/12869",
"https://dba.stackexchange.com",
"https://dba.stackexchange.com/users/16946/"
] | The answer is: yes, there is a benefit to doing it. Reports on on operational database will use a lot of resources and will interfere with the performance of the operational system. Remember that database performance is subject to mechanical constraints (disk heads moving back and forth and rotational latency as we wait for the right sector to make its appearance under the head). You have two broad options for a reporting strategy:
1. [Replicate your database](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms151198.aspx) onto another server and move the reporting sprocs onto it. Reports are run off the replicated server. This is the least effort and can re-use your existing reports and stored procedures.
2. Build a [Data Warehouse](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_warehouse) that consolidates the data from your production systems and transforms it into [a form that is much friendlier for reporting](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_schema). If you have a lot of ad-hoc statistical reporting that could be done acceptably from a snapshot as of 'close of business yesterday' a data warehouse might be the better approach. | I think it much depends on the kind of SP you're running. If they are heavy and could effect other things running on the database server I'd move them. Otherwise I'd try and keep the close to the database they're actually reporting on, if find that much easier to maintain and keep track of. Just having the report close to the actual database could also affect performance but if your on a standard setup and not moving enormous amount of data that would be a tiny difference I guess.
I've also found [this](http://www.microsoft.com/technet/prodtechnol/sql/2005/pspsqlrs.mspx#E6NAC) article useful. |
12,869 | On our SQL Server, we have a database for each of our web apps. For reports, we use Reporting Services and all report data (including report parameters) come from stored procedures.
The stored procedures are in the same database as the data in the report. So, for example, the procs that serve the Stock reports are in the Stock database. Some reports show information from more than one database and then the proc will be in one of those source databases. The report parameters get their data from procs in an Enterprise database that has data like stores, employees etc.
This means that all reports have at least a connection to the Enterprise database and another connection to another database -- and sometimes more than that.
My question is: **is there a benefit of moving the reporting procs into a separate "Reports" database**. I know the benefits of moving reports onto another server and I'm not talking about that -- this would be on the same server.
Things that might affect this are:
* Does having more than one database connection for a report, affect the speed of the report?
* Would having the reporting proc in a separate database from the data, prevent us from using indexed views?
* Have you found it easier / harder is administer you reports in a separate database?
Please let me know what you think. | 2008/10/10 | [
"https://dba.stackexchange.com/questions/12869",
"https://dba.stackexchange.com",
"https://dba.stackexchange.com/users/16946/"
] | I think it much depends on the kind of SP you're running. If they are heavy and could effect other things running on the database server I'd move them. Otherwise I'd try and keep the close to the database they're actually reporting on, if find that much easier to maintain and keep track of. Just having the report close to the actual database could also affect performance but if your on a standard setup and not moving enormous amount of data that would be a tiny difference I guess.
I've also found [this](http://www.microsoft.com/technet/prodtechnol/sql/2005/pspsqlrs.mspx#E6NAC) article useful. | I'd recommend you use two databases.
Deriving reports from a 'live' database causes performance problems.
Also, since the reporting database is primarily for searches, you could customize the indexes here for better performance. (The live database would have inserts which would be affected adversely by certain indexes) |
12,869 | On our SQL Server, we have a database for each of our web apps. For reports, we use Reporting Services and all report data (including report parameters) come from stored procedures.
The stored procedures are in the same database as the data in the report. So, for example, the procs that serve the Stock reports are in the Stock database. Some reports show information from more than one database and then the proc will be in one of those source databases. The report parameters get their data from procs in an Enterprise database that has data like stores, employees etc.
This means that all reports have at least a connection to the Enterprise database and another connection to another database -- and sometimes more than that.
My question is: **is there a benefit of moving the reporting procs into a separate "Reports" database**. I know the benefits of moving reports onto another server and I'm not talking about that -- this would be on the same server.
Things that might affect this are:
* Does having more than one database connection for a report, affect the speed of the report?
* Would having the reporting proc in a separate database from the data, prevent us from using indexed views?
* Have you found it easier / harder is administer you reports in a separate database?
Please let me know what you think. | 2008/10/10 | [
"https://dba.stackexchange.com/questions/12869",
"https://dba.stackexchange.com",
"https://dba.stackexchange.com/users/16946/"
] | I think it much depends on the kind of SP you're running. If they are heavy and could effect other things running on the database server I'd move them. Otherwise I'd try and keep the close to the database they're actually reporting on, if find that much easier to maintain and keep track of. Just having the report close to the actual database could also affect performance but if your on a standard setup and not moving enormous amount of data that would be a tiny difference I guess.
I've also found [this](http://www.microsoft.com/technet/prodtechnol/sql/2005/pspsqlrs.mspx#E6NAC) article useful. | Another approach is to move reporting tables to separate scheme and separate filegroup. Files in reporting filegroup could be moved away from data hard disks. This seams much easier for administration, future development and access management. |
12,869 | On our SQL Server, we have a database for each of our web apps. For reports, we use Reporting Services and all report data (including report parameters) come from stored procedures.
The stored procedures are in the same database as the data in the report. So, for example, the procs that serve the Stock reports are in the Stock database. Some reports show information from more than one database and then the proc will be in one of those source databases. The report parameters get their data from procs in an Enterprise database that has data like stores, employees etc.
This means that all reports have at least a connection to the Enterprise database and another connection to another database -- and sometimes more than that.
My question is: **is there a benefit of moving the reporting procs into a separate "Reports" database**. I know the benefits of moving reports onto another server and I'm not talking about that -- this would be on the same server.
Things that might affect this are:
* Does having more than one database connection for a report, affect the speed of the report?
* Would having the reporting proc in a separate database from the data, prevent us from using indexed views?
* Have you found it easier / harder is administer you reports in a separate database?
Please let me know what you think. | 2008/10/10 | [
"https://dba.stackexchange.com/questions/12869",
"https://dba.stackexchange.com",
"https://dba.stackexchange.com/users/16946/"
] | The answer is: yes, there is a benefit to doing it. Reports on on operational database will use a lot of resources and will interfere with the performance of the operational system. Remember that database performance is subject to mechanical constraints (disk heads moving back and forth and rotational latency as we wait for the right sector to make its appearance under the head). You have two broad options for a reporting strategy:
1. [Replicate your database](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms151198.aspx) onto another server and move the reporting sprocs onto it. Reports are run off the replicated server. This is the least effort and can re-use your existing reports and stored procedures.
2. Build a [Data Warehouse](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_warehouse) that consolidates the data from your production systems and transforms it into [a form that is much friendlier for reporting](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_schema). If you have a lot of ad-hoc statistical reporting that could be done acceptably from a snapshot as of 'close of business yesterday' a data warehouse might be the better approach. | I'd recommend against moving the stored procedures to another database for several reasons. From a development perspective you have to reproduce two databases each time you want to make alterations. As a consequence you will now how to synchronize the schema from the "data" database and the stored procedures from the second one with the production versions. In regards to disaster recovery and backup/restore, you now have to concern yourself with restoration of 2 database just to get your system up and running.
When testing you also have added complexities. You'll have more points of failure in respect to permissions, versions, etc. Now if you have more than 1 person working on different initiatives on the database(s) you have more spend more time coordinating efforts. Now imagine its 3 am, the system is down and you have to hunt through the permissions on all databases, and have to ensure that no one has left a function or procedure on the wrong database during development. |
12,869 | On our SQL Server, we have a database for each of our web apps. For reports, we use Reporting Services and all report data (including report parameters) come from stored procedures.
The stored procedures are in the same database as the data in the report. So, for example, the procs that serve the Stock reports are in the Stock database. Some reports show information from more than one database and then the proc will be in one of those source databases. The report parameters get their data from procs in an Enterprise database that has data like stores, employees etc.
This means that all reports have at least a connection to the Enterprise database and another connection to another database -- and sometimes more than that.
My question is: **is there a benefit of moving the reporting procs into a separate "Reports" database**. I know the benefits of moving reports onto another server and I'm not talking about that -- this would be on the same server.
Things that might affect this are:
* Does having more than one database connection for a report, affect the speed of the report?
* Would having the reporting proc in a separate database from the data, prevent us from using indexed views?
* Have you found it easier / harder is administer you reports in a separate database?
Please let me know what you think. | 2008/10/10 | [
"https://dba.stackexchange.com/questions/12869",
"https://dba.stackexchange.com",
"https://dba.stackexchange.com/users/16946/"
] | I'd recommend against moving the stored procedures to another database for several reasons. From a development perspective you have to reproduce two databases each time you want to make alterations. As a consequence you will now how to synchronize the schema from the "data" database and the stored procedures from the second one with the production versions. In regards to disaster recovery and backup/restore, you now have to concern yourself with restoration of 2 database just to get your system up and running.
When testing you also have added complexities. You'll have more points of failure in respect to permissions, versions, etc. Now if you have more than 1 person working on different initiatives on the database(s) you have more spend more time coordinating efforts. Now imagine its 3 am, the system is down and you have to hunt through the permissions on all databases, and have to ensure that no one has left a function or procedure on the wrong database during development. | Another approach is to move reporting tables to separate scheme and separate filegroup. Files in reporting filegroup could be moved away from data hard disks. This seams much easier for administration, future development and access management. |
12,869 | On our SQL Server, we have a database for each of our web apps. For reports, we use Reporting Services and all report data (including report parameters) come from stored procedures.
The stored procedures are in the same database as the data in the report. So, for example, the procs that serve the Stock reports are in the Stock database. Some reports show information from more than one database and then the proc will be in one of those source databases. The report parameters get their data from procs in an Enterprise database that has data like stores, employees etc.
This means that all reports have at least a connection to the Enterprise database and another connection to another database -- and sometimes more than that.
My question is: **is there a benefit of moving the reporting procs into a separate "Reports" database**. I know the benefits of moving reports onto another server and I'm not talking about that -- this would be on the same server.
Things that might affect this are:
* Does having more than one database connection for a report, affect the speed of the report?
* Would having the reporting proc in a separate database from the data, prevent us from using indexed views?
* Have you found it easier / harder is administer you reports in a separate database?
Please let me know what you think. | 2008/10/10 | [
"https://dba.stackexchange.com/questions/12869",
"https://dba.stackexchange.com",
"https://dba.stackexchange.com/users/16946/"
] | The answer is: yes, there is a benefit to doing it. Reports on on operational database will use a lot of resources and will interfere with the performance of the operational system. Remember that database performance is subject to mechanical constraints (disk heads moving back and forth and rotational latency as we wait for the right sector to make its appearance under the head). You have two broad options for a reporting strategy:
1. [Replicate your database](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms151198.aspx) onto another server and move the reporting sprocs onto it. Reports are run off the replicated server. This is the least effort and can re-use your existing reports and stored procedures.
2. Build a [Data Warehouse](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_warehouse) that consolidates the data from your production systems and transforms it into [a form that is much friendlier for reporting](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_schema). If you have a lot of ad-hoc statistical reporting that could be done acceptably from a snapshot as of 'close of business yesterday' a data warehouse might be the better approach. | I'd recommend you use two databases.
Deriving reports from a 'live' database causes performance problems.
Also, since the reporting database is primarily for searches, you could customize the indexes here for better performance. (The live database would have inserts which would be affected adversely by certain indexes) |
12,869 | On our SQL Server, we have a database for each of our web apps. For reports, we use Reporting Services and all report data (including report parameters) come from stored procedures.
The stored procedures are in the same database as the data in the report. So, for example, the procs that serve the Stock reports are in the Stock database. Some reports show information from more than one database and then the proc will be in one of those source databases. The report parameters get their data from procs in an Enterprise database that has data like stores, employees etc.
This means that all reports have at least a connection to the Enterprise database and another connection to another database -- and sometimes more than that.
My question is: **is there a benefit of moving the reporting procs into a separate "Reports" database**. I know the benefits of moving reports onto another server and I'm not talking about that -- this would be on the same server.
Things that might affect this are:
* Does having more than one database connection for a report, affect the speed of the report?
* Would having the reporting proc in a separate database from the data, prevent us from using indexed views?
* Have you found it easier / harder is administer you reports in a separate database?
Please let me know what you think. | 2008/10/10 | [
"https://dba.stackexchange.com/questions/12869",
"https://dba.stackexchange.com",
"https://dba.stackexchange.com/users/16946/"
] | The answer is: yes, there is a benefit to doing it. Reports on on operational database will use a lot of resources and will interfere with the performance of the operational system. Remember that database performance is subject to mechanical constraints (disk heads moving back and forth and rotational latency as we wait for the right sector to make its appearance under the head). You have two broad options for a reporting strategy:
1. [Replicate your database](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms151198.aspx) onto another server and move the reporting sprocs onto it. Reports are run off the replicated server. This is the least effort and can re-use your existing reports and stored procedures.
2. Build a [Data Warehouse](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_warehouse) that consolidates the data from your production systems and transforms it into [a form that is much friendlier for reporting](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_schema). If you have a lot of ad-hoc statistical reporting that could be done acceptably from a snapshot as of 'close of business yesterday' a data warehouse might be the better approach. | Another approach is to move reporting tables to separate scheme and separate filegroup. Files in reporting filegroup could be moved away from data hard disks. This seams much easier for administration, future development and access management. |
12,869 | On our SQL Server, we have a database for each of our web apps. For reports, we use Reporting Services and all report data (including report parameters) come from stored procedures.
The stored procedures are in the same database as the data in the report. So, for example, the procs that serve the Stock reports are in the Stock database. Some reports show information from more than one database and then the proc will be in one of those source databases. The report parameters get their data from procs in an Enterprise database that has data like stores, employees etc.
This means that all reports have at least a connection to the Enterprise database and another connection to another database -- and sometimes more than that.
My question is: **is there a benefit of moving the reporting procs into a separate "Reports" database**. I know the benefits of moving reports onto another server and I'm not talking about that -- this would be on the same server.
Things that might affect this are:
* Does having more than one database connection for a report, affect the speed of the report?
* Would having the reporting proc in a separate database from the data, prevent us from using indexed views?
* Have you found it easier / harder is administer you reports in a separate database?
Please let me know what you think. | 2008/10/10 | [
"https://dba.stackexchange.com/questions/12869",
"https://dba.stackexchange.com",
"https://dba.stackexchange.com/users/16946/"
] | I'd recommend you use two databases.
Deriving reports from a 'live' database causes performance problems.
Also, since the reporting database is primarily for searches, you could customize the indexes here for better performance. (The live database would have inserts which would be affected adversely by certain indexes) | Another approach is to move reporting tables to separate scheme and separate filegroup. Files in reporting filegroup could be moved away from data hard disks. This seams much easier for administration, future development and access management. |
1,593,928 | i have one template for that i am not creating any CSS File through one form we are adding the font style,font,font size and we are storing that in database that stored database information i want to apply for my pages dynamically depending on the template selection we are update the pages.how it is possible | 2009/10/20 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1593928",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/-1/"
] | You should provide more information, but i suspect that you fixed your values that you created dynamically and stored it in database. For that you will need overwrite your css rules after retrieving them. In future you should try to dynamically give only class name and after change only that css class. | Dynamically create CSS rules. |
11,833,058 | While Debugging the collections in eclispse I just Inspect that there is thing called modCount for example if we debug list we will see while inspecting in debugging what this modCount represents..!!please advise | 2012/08/06 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/11833058",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1579492/"
] | See the javadoc
**The number of times this list has been structurally modified**. *Structural modifications are those that change the size of the list, or otherwise perturb it in such a fashion that iterations in progress may yield incorrect results.*
*This field is used by the iterator and list iterator implementation returned by the iterator and listIterator methods. If the value of this field changes unexpectedly, the iterator (or list iterator) will throw a ConcurrentModificationException in response to the next, remove, previous, set or add operations. This provides fail-fast behavior, rather than non-deterministic behavior in the face of concurrent modification during iteration.*
*Use of this field by subclasses is optional. If a subclass wishes to provide fail-fast iterators (and list iterators), then it merely has to increment this field in its add(int, E) and remove(int) methods (and any other methods that it overrides that result in structural modifications to the list). A single call to add(int, E) or remove(int) must add no more than one to this field, or the iterators (and list iterators) will throw bogus ConcurrentModificationExceptions. If an implementation does not wish to provide fail-fast iterators, this field may be ignored.* | It's a counter used to detect modifications to the collection when iterating the collection: iterators are fail fast, and throw an exception if the collection has been modified during the iteration. `modCount` is used to track the modifications.
FYI, the sources of the standard classes are part of the JDK, and you may read them to understand how the standard classes work. |
89,953 | I am wondering about this map, from the game *Albion* (not *Albion Online*):
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/QUOMc.jpg)
The island on the right (Umajo) is an arid one, mostly covered by sandy deserts, except for an area of savannahs at the very south (not pictured in this map). The other islands are either completely covered by tropical forests (i.e. the ones on the bottom and left-bottom). The rest is temperate climate/forests type, except for the peninsula in the middle of the image, under Beloveno, where jungles start to prevail. It mostly matches the northern hemisphere of Earth, except for the arctic and subarctic areas.
Now it seems weird to me that deserts formed on that island, though it's larger than the other islands (but the deserts span from coast to coast). I assume that the map uses the usual directions (right is east, top is north), thus the island lies in both the temperate and tropical zone, so it should be more akin to the other islands lying there. So my question is - what natural process could cause the formation of deserts on the island (and also the hot climate present there).
From what I know about this world, it is located in the same universe as the Earth, so same physics should apply. However, magic is also possible on Albion, but I'd rather look for a natural cause.
We also know that the planet has gravity about 0.8 G, and *no axial tilt*, leading to the complete absence of seasons on the planet. The revolution time is the same as Earth's, so it has the same length of the day and year. The atmosphere is also quite cloudy, but from from I observe from other artworks, the sky above Umajo is clear and cloudless. That may be the cause (or the effect?).
Edit: As human activity can be a factor in this, I have to clarify more about the population. The humans that live in this world are the descendants of the Celts originally having come from Earth ca 2000 years ago, and therefore I suspect that it's unlikely that deforestation created the desert. The other (and original) inhabitants of the world live in great harmony with the nature, and wouldn't willingly cause any deforestation in that area.
The age of the game also makes it a bit harder to express the exact relief of the island, but aside from a mountain/boulder ridge in the central area, the island is mostly flat.
To illustrate the nature of the island, here are some images:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/3GNsG.png)
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/EDvOZ.png) | 2017/08/24 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/89953",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/2772/"
] | **Jet Stream**
Draw the jetstream in this world around that island such that it does not experience substantial rain.
**Cliff Faces**
If the side of the island that faces the incoming jet stream or "prevailing westerlies" type of winds has high mountains or cliff faces, the weater will drop rain right there or it will slide around the island.
**Volcanic**
If the island is principally volcanic in nature, the soil is rocky sand rather than smooth sediment and will both absorb heat more and fail to capture any but the hardiest of plants.
**At the end of the day, admit to its creation**
You need to realize that the creators of the game most likely created the map with no intent of being geologically or meteorologically correct. It's fun to speculate as to how it might be, but imposing rules and governance on a creation that's 100% fiction is almost always unsatisfying. Consider my answer about plate tectonics in [Tolkien's Middle Earth](https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/166884/plate-tectonics-in-middle-earth-an-in-universe-explanation/166886#166886) where someone wanted to know what the in-universe explanation was. Most of the time, the answer is, "well, I made it that way." | Take a look at earth deserts, e.g. the [Sahara](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahara), some of them border oceans and other bodies of water and still are mostly sand/deserty-stuff.
As long as there's an absence of any precipitation there won't be much growing. Clouds need a motivator to make it rain. Most often this motivator is either mountains or too much water in the air. If you get rid of both you don't get much rain. |
89,953 | I am wondering about this map, from the game *Albion* (not *Albion Online*):
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/QUOMc.jpg)
The island on the right (Umajo) is an arid one, mostly covered by sandy deserts, except for an area of savannahs at the very south (not pictured in this map). The other islands are either completely covered by tropical forests (i.e. the ones on the bottom and left-bottom). The rest is temperate climate/forests type, except for the peninsula in the middle of the image, under Beloveno, where jungles start to prevail. It mostly matches the northern hemisphere of Earth, except for the arctic and subarctic areas.
Now it seems weird to me that deserts formed on that island, though it's larger than the other islands (but the deserts span from coast to coast). I assume that the map uses the usual directions (right is east, top is north), thus the island lies in both the temperate and tropical zone, so it should be more akin to the other islands lying there. So my question is - what natural process could cause the formation of deserts on the island (and also the hot climate present there).
From what I know about this world, it is located in the same universe as the Earth, so same physics should apply. However, magic is also possible on Albion, but I'd rather look for a natural cause.
We also know that the planet has gravity about 0.8 G, and *no axial tilt*, leading to the complete absence of seasons on the planet. The revolution time is the same as Earth's, so it has the same length of the day and year. The atmosphere is also quite cloudy, but from from I observe from other artworks, the sky above Umajo is clear and cloudless. That may be the cause (or the effect?).
Edit: As human activity can be a factor in this, I have to clarify more about the population. The humans that live in this world are the descendants of the Celts originally having come from Earth ca 2000 years ago, and therefore I suspect that it's unlikely that deforestation created the desert. The other (and original) inhabitants of the world live in great harmony with the nature, and wouldn't willingly cause any deforestation in that area.
The age of the game also makes it a bit harder to express the exact relief of the island, but aside from a mountain/boulder ridge in the central area, the island is mostly flat.
To illustrate the nature of the island, here are some images:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/3GNsG.png)
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/EDvOZ.png) | 2017/08/24 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/89953",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/2772/"
] | Take a look at earth deserts, e.g. the [Sahara](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahara), some of them border oceans and other bodies of water and still are mostly sand/deserty-stuff.
As long as there's an absence of any precipitation there won't be much growing. Clouds need a motivator to make it rain. Most often this motivator is either mountains or too much water in the air. If you get rid of both you don't get much rain. | As a reference (less extreme, but...) you can look at two largish and very similar islands in Mediterranean: Sardinia and Corse.
Sardinia is not desert, but very arid, while corse had large and high forests.
Both climate and geology is similar. What happened?
Man happened. Both islands were covered by forests but, while Corse was not meddled too much, Sardinia forest were burned down to make pasture for sheep and goats.
This changed completely climate because while in Corse land is colder then sea (due to forests) in Sardinia land is much hotter than surrounding sea.
This fact inverts prevalent air circulation and while in Corse sea humidity rises and is sucked down over land, raining on it, in Sardinia you have the reverse: normal circulation is hot air rising on land taking with it the scant humidity present and then going to discharge rain on sea.
To have an island with desert climate is enough to cut all (or good part) of forests on it; if there is enough sunshine it will do the rest of transformation. |
89,953 | I am wondering about this map, from the game *Albion* (not *Albion Online*):
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/QUOMc.jpg)
The island on the right (Umajo) is an arid one, mostly covered by sandy deserts, except for an area of savannahs at the very south (not pictured in this map). The other islands are either completely covered by tropical forests (i.e. the ones on the bottom and left-bottom). The rest is temperate climate/forests type, except for the peninsula in the middle of the image, under Beloveno, where jungles start to prevail. It mostly matches the northern hemisphere of Earth, except for the arctic and subarctic areas.
Now it seems weird to me that deserts formed on that island, though it's larger than the other islands (but the deserts span from coast to coast). I assume that the map uses the usual directions (right is east, top is north), thus the island lies in both the temperate and tropical zone, so it should be more akin to the other islands lying there. So my question is - what natural process could cause the formation of deserts on the island (and also the hot climate present there).
From what I know about this world, it is located in the same universe as the Earth, so same physics should apply. However, magic is also possible on Albion, but I'd rather look for a natural cause.
We also know that the planet has gravity about 0.8 G, and *no axial tilt*, leading to the complete absence of seasons on the planet. The revolution time is the same as Earth's, so it has the same length of the day and year. The atmosphere is also quite cloudy, but from from I observe from other artworks, the sky above Umajo is clear and cloudless. That may be the cause (or the effect?).
Edit: As human activity can be a factor in this, I have to clarify more about the population. The humans that live in this world are the descendants of the Celts originally having come from Earth ca 2000 years ago, and therefore I suspect that it's unlikely that deforestation created the desert. The other (and original) inhabitants of the world live in great harmony with the nature, and wouldn't willingly cause any deforestation in that area.
The age of the game also makes it a bit harder to express the exact relief of the island, but aside from a mountain/boulder ridge in the central area, the island is mostly flat.
To illustrate the nature of the island, here are some images:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/3GNsG.png)
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/EDvOZ.png) | 2017/08/24 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/89953",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/2772/"
] | Take a look at earth deserts, e.g. the [Sahara](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahara), some of them border oceans and other bodies of water and still are mostly sand/deserty-stuff.
As long as there's an absence of any precipitation there won't be much growing. Clouds need a motivator to make it rain. Most often this motivator is either mountains or too much water in the air. If you get rid of both you don't get much rain. | I believe the most common cause of dessert on earth is humans. The process is actually called desertification. It usually involved deforestation, poor farming practices, poisoning the ground, and a natural tendancy to low precipitation.
However you state that this is a land that is "one" with nature.
Option #1. Past
===============
Perhaps the people are one with nature because of what they did to this island.
Option #2 Cataclysmic force.
============================
An earthquake, **meteor**, tsunami, volcanic eruption, or magical beast could have caused this.
Option #3 End of the world.
===========================
I think the sun is actually supposed to get colder as it gets older but a decaying orbit might draw the planet closer to the sun. This would result in storms, heat waves, unpredictable weather and general chaos. Wouldn't likely spare the other islands though. |
89,953 | I am wondering about this map, from the game *Albion* (not *Albion Online*):
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/QUOMc.jpg)
The island on the right (Umajo) is an arid one, mostly covered by sandy deserts, except for an area of savannahs at the very south (not pictured in this map). The other islands are either completely covered by tropical forests (i.e. the ones on the bottom and left-bottom). The rest is temperate climate/forests type, except for the peninsula in the middle of the image, under Beloveno, where jungles start to prevail. It mostly matches the northern hemisphere of Earth, except for the arctic and subarctic areas.
Now it seems weird to me that deserts formed on that island, though it's larger than the other islands (but the deserts span from coast to coast). I assume that the map uses the usual directions (right is east, top is north), thus the island lies in both the temperate and tropical zone, so it should be more akin to the other islands lying there. So my question is - what natural process could cause the formation of deserts on the island (and also the hot climate present there).
From what I know about this world, it is located in the same universe as the Earth, so same physics should apply. However, magic is also possible on Albion, but I'd rather look for a natural cause.
We also know that the planet has gravity about 0.8 G, and *no axial tilt*, leading to the complete absence of seasons on the planet. The revolution time is the same as Earth's, so it has the same length of the day and year. The atmosphere is also quite cloudy, but from from I observe from other artworks, the sky above Umajo is clear and cloudless. That may be the cause (or the effect?).
Edit: As human activity can be a factor in this, I have to clarify more about the population. The humans that live in this world are the descendants of the Celts originally having come from Earth ca 2000 years ago, and therefore I suspect that it's unlikely that deforestation created the desert. The other (and original) inhabitants of the world live in great harmony with the nature, and wouldn't willingly cause any deforestation in that area.
The age of the game also makes it a bit harder to express the exact relief of the island, but aside from a mountain/boulder ridge in the central area, the island is mostly flat.
To illustrate the nature of the island, here are some images:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/3GNsG.png)
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/EDvOZ.png) | 2017/08/24 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/89953",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/2772/"
] | **Jet Stream**
Draw the jetstream in this world around that island such that it does not experience substantial rain.
**Cliff Faces**
If the side of the island that faces the incoming jet stream or "prevailing westerlies" type of winds has high mountains or cliff faces, the weater will drop rain right there or it will slide around the island.
**Volcanic**
If the island is principally volcanic in nature, the soil is rocky sand rather than smooth sediment and will both absorb heat more and fail to capture any but the hardiest of plants.
**At the end of the day, admit to its creation**
You need to realize that the creators of the game most likely created the map with no intent of being geologically or meteorologically correct. It's fun to speculate as to how it might be, but imposing rules and governance on a creation that's 100% fiction is almost always unsatisfying. Consider my answer about plate tectonics in [Tolkien's Middle Earth](https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/166884/plate-tectonics-in-middle-earth-an-in-universe-explanation/166886#166886) where someone wanted to know what the in-universe explanation was. Most of the time, the answer is, "well, I made it that way." | As a reference (less extreme, but...) you can look at two largish and very similar islands in Mediterranean: Sardinia and Corse.
Sardinia is not desert, but very arid, while corse had large and high forests.
Both climate and geology is similar. What happened?
Man happened. Both islands were covered by forests but, while Corse was not meddled too much, Sardinia forest were burned down to make pasture for sheep and goats.
This changed completely climate because while in Corse land is colder then sea (due to forests) in Sardinia land is much hotter than surrounding sea.
This fact inverts prevalent air circulation and while in Corse sea humidity rises and is sucked down over land, raining on it, in Sardinia you have the reverse: normal circulation is hot air rising on land taking with it the scant humidity present and then going to discharge rain on sea.
To have an island with desert climate is enough to cut all (or good part) of forests on it; if there is enough sunshine it will do the rest of transformation. |
89,953 | I am wondering about this map, from the game *Albion* (not *Albion Online*):
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/QUOMc.jpg)
The island on the right (Umajo) is an arid one, mostly covered by sandy deserts, except for an area of savannahs at the very south (not pictured in this map). The other islands are either completely covered by tropical forests (i.e. the ones on the bottom and left-bottom). The rest is temperate climate/forests type, except for the peninsula in the middle of the image, under Beloveno, where jungles start to prevail. It mostly matches the northern hemisphere of Earth, except for the arctic and subarctic areas.
Now it seems weird to me that deserts formed on that island, though it's larger than the other islands (but the deserts span from coast to coast). I assume that the map uses the usual directions (right is east, top is north), thus the island lies in both the temperate and tropical zone, so it should be more akin to the other islands lying there. So my question is - what natural process could cause the formation of deserts on the island (and also the hot climate present there).
From what I know about this world, it is located in the same universe as the Earth, so same physics should apply. However, magic is also possible on Albion, but I'd rather look for a natural cause.
We also know that the planet has gravity about 0.8 G, and *no axial tilt*, leading to the complete absence of seasons on the planet. The revolution time is the same as Earth's, so it has the same length of the day and year. The atmosphere is also quite cloudy, but from from I observe from other artworks, the sky above Umajo is clear and cloudless. That may be the cause (or the effect?).
Edit: As human activity can be a factor in this, I have to clarify more about the population. The humans that live in this world are the descendants of the Celts originally having come from Earth ca 2000 years ago, and therefore I suspect that it's unlikely that deforestation created the desert. The other (and original) inhabitants of the world live in great harmony with the nature, and wouldn't willingly cause any deforestation in that area.
The age of the game also makes it a bit harder to express the exact relief of the island, but aside from a mountain/boulder ridge in the central area, the island is mostly flat.
To illustrate the nature of the island, here are some images:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/3GNsG.png)
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/EDvOZ.png) | 2017/08/24 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/89953",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/2772/"
] | **Jet Stream**
Draw the jetstream in this world around that island such that it does not experience substantial rain.
**Cliff Faces**
If the side of the island that faces the incoming jet stream or "prevailing westerlies" type of winds has high mountains or cliff faces, the weater will drop rain right there or it will slide around the island.
**Volcanic**
If the island is principally volcanic in nature, the soil is rocky sand rather than smooth sediment and will both absorb heat more and fail to capture any but the hardiest of plants.
**At the end of the day, admit to its creation**
You need to realize that the creators of the game most likely created the map with no intent of being geologically or meteorologically correct. It's fun to speculate as to how it might be, but imposing rules and governance on a creation that's 100% fiction is almost always unsatisfying. Consider my answer about plate tectonics in [Tolkien's Middle Earth](https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/166884/plate-tectonics-in-middle-earth-an-in-universe-explanation/166886#166886) where someone wanted to know what the in-universe explanation was. Most of the time, the answer is, "well, I made it that way." | I believe the most common cause of dessert on earth is humans. The process is actually called desertification. It usually involved deforestation, poor farming practices, poisoning the ground, and a natural tendancy to low precipitation.
However you state that this is a land that is "one" with nature.
Option #1. Past
===============
Perhaps the people are one with nature because of what they did to this island.
Option #2 Cataclysmic force.
============================
An earthquake, **meteor**, tsunami, volcanic eruption, or magical beast could have caused this.
Option #3 End of the world.
===========================
I think the sun is actually supposed to get colder as it gets older but a decaying orbit might draw the planet closer to the sun. This would result in storms, heat waves, unpredictable weather and general chaos. Wouldn't likely spare the other islands though. |
89,953 | I am wondering about this map, from the game *Albion* (not *Albion Online*):
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/QUOMc.jpg)
The island on the right (Umajo) is an arid one, mostly covered by sandy deserts, except for an area of savannahs at the very south (not pictured in this map). The other islands are either completely covered by tropical forests (i.e. the ones on the bottom and left-bottom). The rest is temperate climate/forests type, except for the peninsula in the middle of the image, under Beloveno, where jungles start to prevail. It mostly matches the northern hemisphere of Earth, except for the arctic and subarctic areas.
Now it seems weird to me that deserts formed on that island, though it's larger than the other islands (but the deserts span from coast to coast). I assume that the map uses the usual directions (right is east, top is north), thus the island lies in both the temperate and tropical zone, so it should be more akin to the other islands lying there. So my question is - what natural process could cause the formation of deserts on the island (and also the hot climate present there).
From what I know about this world, it is located in the same universe as the Earth, so same physics should apply. However, magic is also possible on Albion, but I'd rather look for a natural cause.
We also know that the planet has gravity about 0.8 G, and *no axial tilt*, leading to the complete absence of seasons on the planet. The revolution time is the same as Earth's, so it has the same length of the day and year. The atmosphere is also quite cloudy, but from from I observe from other artworks, the sky above Umajo is clear and cloudless. That may be the cause (or the effect?).
Edit: As human activity can be a factor in this, I have to clarify more about the population. The humans that live in this world are the descendants of the Celts originally having come from Earth ca 2000 years ago, and therefore I suspect that it's unlikely that deforestation created the desert. The other (and original) inhabitants of the world live in great harmony with the nature, and wouldn't willingly cause any deforestation in that area.
The age of the game also makes it a bit harder to express the exact relief of the island, but aside from a mountain/boulder ridge in the central area, the island is mostly flat.
To illustrate the nature of the island, here are some images:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/3GNsG.png)
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/EDvOZ.png) | 2017/08/24 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/89953",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/2772/"
] | **Jet Stream**
Draw the jetstream in this world around that island such that it does not experience substantial rain.
**Cliff Faces**
If the side of the island that faces the incoming jet stream or "prevailing westerlies" type of winds has high mountains or cliff faces, the weater will drop rain right there or it will slide around the island.
**Volcanic**
If the island is principally volcanic in nature, the soil is rocky sand rather than smooth sediment and will both absorb heat more and fail to capture any but the hardiest of plants.
**At the end of the day, admit to its creation**
You need to realize that the creators of the game most likely created the map with no intent of being geologically or meteorologically correct. It's fun to speculate as to how it might be, but imposing rules and governance on a creation that's 100% fiction is almost always unsatisfying. Consider my answer about plate tectonics in [Tolkien's Middle Earth](https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/166884/plate-tectonics-in-middle-earth-an-in-universe-explanation/166886#166886) where someone wanted to know what the in-universe explanation was. Most of the time, the answer is, "well, I made it that way." | Just model it after Socotra in Yemen minus Socotra's mountains. It is a world heritage site. <http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1263>
The island has a tropical desert climate, except for the mountain region that gets a bit more rain. The mountains get more rain because the mountains force warm air upwards where it expands and cools. Relative humidity compares the vapor pressure of water to the water content of particular air. The vapor pressure decreases with decreasing temperature, boosting the relative humidity in the process. Rain occurs if the relative humidity passes 100%.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socotra#Geography_and_climate>
The converse must also be true. Vapor pressure increases with increasing temperature, lowering the relative humidity in the process.
As an added bonus, Socotra comes with unique species like the Dragon's blood tree to help you populate the landscape. <https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=78411>
Socotra is generally dry because it does not get monsoons. It does not get monsoons because the water is generally colder than other areas of the same ocean basin. The cold water comes from upwelling from the deep.
<https://charliesweatherforecasts.blogspot.com/2015/11/why-did-yemen-and-socotra-just-get-hit.html>
The combo of hot air (boosting the amount of water needed to reach 100% humidity) and cold water (lowers the rate of evaporation) leads to air that is very dry even though it is above the ocean. Monsoons do not like dry air. You end up with wind but no moisture. Finally, make the island entirely flat, and you are good to go. |
89,953 | I am wondering about this map, from the game *Albion* (not *Albion Online*):
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/QUOMc.jpg)
The island on the right (Umajo) is an arid one, mostly covered by sandy deserts, except for an area of savannahs at the very south (not pictured in this map). The other islands are either completely covered by tropical forests (i.e. the ones on the bottom and left-bottom). The rest is temperate climate/forests type, except for the peninsula in the middle of the image, under Beloveno, where jungles start to prevail. It mostly matches the northern hemisphere of Earth, except for the arctic and subarctic areas.
Now it seems weird to me that deserts formed on that island, though it's larger than the other islands (but the deserts span from coast to coast). I assume that the map uses the usual directions (right is east, top is north), thus the island lies in both the temperate and tropical zone, so it should be more akin to the other islands lying there. So my question is - what natural process could cause the formation of deserts on the island (and also the hot climate present there).
From what I know about this world, it is located in the same universe as the Earth, so same physics should apply. However, magic is also possible on Albion, but I'd rather look for a natural cause.
We also know that the planet has gravity about 0.8 G, and *no axial tilt*, leading to the complete absence of seasons on the planet. The revolution time is the same as Earth's, so it has the same length of the day and year. The atmosphere is also quite cloudy, but from from I observe from other artworks, the sky above Umajo is clear and cloudless. That may be the cause (or the effect?).
Edit: As human activity can be a factor in this, I have to clarify more about the population. The humans that live in this world are the descendants of the Celts originally having come from Earth ca 2000 years ago, and therefore I suspect that it's unlikely that deforestation created the desert. The other (and original) inhabitants of the world live in great harmony with the nature, and wouldn't willingly cause any deforestation in that area.
The age of the game also makes it a bit harder to express the exact relief of the island, but aside from a mountain/boulder ridge in the central area, the island is mostly flat.
To illustrate the nature of the island, here are some images:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/3GNsG.png)
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/EDvOZ.png) | 2017/08/24 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/89953",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/2772/"
] | As a reference (less extreme, but...) you can look at two largish and very similar islands in Mediterranean: Sardinia and Corse.
Sardinia is not desert, but very arid, while corse had large and high forests.
Both climate and geology is similar. What happened?
Man happened. Both islands were covered by forests but, while Corse was not meddled too much, Sardinia forest were burned down to make pasture for sheep and goats.
This changed completely climate because while in Corse land is colder then sea (due to forests) in Sardinia land is much hotter than surrounding sea.
This fact inverts prevalent air circulation and while in Corse sea humidity rises and is sucked down over land, raining on it, in Sardinia you have the reverse: normal circulation is hot air rising on land taking with it the scant humidity present and then going to discharge rain on sea.
To have an island with desert climate is enough to cut all (or good part) of forests on it; if there is enough sunshine it will do the rest of transformation. | I believe the most common cause of dessert on earth is humans. The process is actually called desertification. It usually involved deforestation, poor farming practices, poisoning the ground, and a natural tendancy to low precipitation.
However you state that this is a land that is "one" with nature.
Option #1. Past
===============
Perhaps the people are one with nature because of what they did to this island.
Option #2 Cataclysmic force.
============================
An earthquake, **meteor**, tsunami, volcanic eruption, or magical beast could have caused this.
Option #3 End of the world.
===========================
I think the sun is actually supposed to get colder as it gets older but a decaying orbit might draw the planet closer to the sun. This would result in storms, heat waves, unpredictable weather and general chaos. Wouldn't likely spare the other islands though. |
89,953 | I am wondering about this map, from the game *Albion* (not *Albion Online*):
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/QUOMc.jpg)
The island on the right (Umajo) is an arid one, mostly covered by sandy deserts, except for an area of savannahs at the very south (not pictured in this map). The other islands are either completely covered by tropical forests (i.e. the ones on the bottom and left-bottom). The rest is temperate climate/forests type, except for the peninsula in the middle of the image, under Beloveno, where jungles start to prevail. It mostly matches the northern hemisphere of Earth, except for the arctic and subarctic areas.
Now it seems weird to me that deserts formed on that island, though it's larger than the other islands (but the deserts span from coast to coast). I assume that the map uses the usual directions (right is east, top is north), thus the island lies in both the temperate and tropical zone, so it should be more akin to the other islands lying there. So my question is - what natural process could cause the formation of deserts on the island (and also the hot climate present there).
From what I know about this world, it is located in the same universe as the Earth, so same physics should apply. However, magic is also possible on Albion, but I'd rather look for a natural cause.
We also know that the planet has gravity about 0.8 G, and *no axial tilt*, leading to the complete absence of seasons on the planet. The revolution time is the same as Earth's, so it has the same length of the day and year. The atmosphere is also quite cloudy, but from from I observe from other artworks, the sky above Umajo is clear and cloudless. That may be the cause (or the effect?).
Edit: As human activity can be a factor in this, I have to clarify more about the population. The humans that live in this world are the descendants of the Celts originally having come from Earth ca 2000 years ago, and therefore I suspect that it's unlikely that deforestation created the desert. The other (and original) inhabitants of the world live in great harmony with the nature, and wouldn't willingly cause any deforestation in that area.
The age of the game also makes it a bit harder to express the exact relief of the island, but aside from a mountain/boulder ridge in the central area, the island is mostly flat.
To illustrate the nature of the island, here are some images:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/3GNsG.png)
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/EDvOZ.png) | 2017/08/24 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/89953",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/2772/"
] | Just model it after Socotra in Yemen minus Socotra's mountains. It is a world heritage site. <http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1263>
The island has a tropical desert climate, except for the mountain region that gets a bit more rain. The mountains get more rain because the mountains force warm air upwards where it expands and cools. Relative humidity compares the vapor pressure of water to the water content of particular air. The vapor pressure decreases with decreasing temperature, boosting the relative humidity in the process. Rain occurs if the relative humidity passes 100%.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socotra#Geography_and_climate>
The converse must also be true. Vapor pressure increases with increasing temperature, lowering the relative humidity in the process.
As an added bonus, Socotra comes with unique species like the Dragon's blood tree to help you populate the landscape. <https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=78411>
Socotra is generally dry because it does not get monsoons. It does not get monsoons because the water is generally colder than other areas of the same ocean basin. The cold water comes from upwelling from the deep.
<https://charliesweatherforecasts.blogspot.com/2015/11/why-did-yemen-and-socotra-just-get-hit.html>
The combo of hot air (boosting the amount of water needed to reach 100% humidity) and cold water (lowers the rate of evaporation) leads to air that is very dry even though it is above the ocean. Monsoons do not like dry air. You end up with wind but no moisture. Finally, make the island entirely flat, and you are good to go. | As a reference (less extreme, but...) you can look at two largish and very similar islands in Mediterranean: Sardinia and Corse.
Sardinia is not desert, but very arid, while corse had large and high forests.
Both climate and geology is similar. What happened?
Man happened. Both islands were covered by forests but, while Corse was not meddled too much, Sardinia forest were burned down to make pasture for sheep and goats.
This changed completely climate because while in Corse land is colder then sea (due to forests) in Sardinia land is much hotter than surrounding sea.
This fact inverts prevalent air circulation and while in Corse sea humidity rises and is sucked down over land, raining on it, in Sardinia you have the reverse: normal circulation is hot air rising on land taking with it the scant humidity present and then going to discharge rain on sea.
To have an island with desert climate is enough to cut all (or good part) of forests on it; if there is enough sunshine it will do the rest of transformation. |
89,953 | I am wondering about this map, from the game *Albion* (not *Albion Online*):
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/QUOMc.jpg)
The island on the right (Umajo) is an arid one, mostly covered by sandy deserts, except for an area of savannahs at the very south (not pictured in this map). The other islands are either completely covered by tropical forests (i.e. the ones on the bottom and left-bottom). The rest is temperate climate/forests type, except for the peninsula in the middle of the image, under Beloveno, where jungles start to prevail. It mostly matches the northern hemisphere of Earth, except for the arctic and subarctic areas.
Now it seems weird to me that deserts formed on that island, though it's larger than the other islands (but the deserts span from coast to coast). I assume that the map uses the usual directions (right is east, top is north), thus the island lies in both the temperate and tropical zone, so it should be more akin to the other islands lying there. So my question is - what natural process could cause the formation of deserts on the island (and also the hot climate present there).
From what I know about this world, it is located in the same universe as the Earth, so same physics should apply. However, magic is also possible on Albion, but I'd rather look for a natural cause.
We also know that the planet has gravity about 0.8 G, and *no axial tilt*, leading to the complete absence of seasons on the planet. The revolution time is the same as Earth's, so it has the same length of the day and year. The atmosphere is also quite cloudy, but from from I observe from other artworks, the sky above Umajo is clear and cloudless. That may be the cause (or the effect?).
Edit: As human activity can be a factor in this, I have to clarify more about the population. The humans that live in this world are the descendants of the Celts originally having come from Earth ca 2000 years ago, and therefore I suspect that it's unlikely that deforestation created the desert. The other (and original) inhabitants of the world live in great harmony with the nature, and wouldn't willingly cause any deforestation in that area.
The age of the game also makes it a bit harder to express the exact relief of the island, but aside from a mountain/boulder ridge in the central area, the island is mostly flat.
To illustrate the nature of the island, here are some images:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/3GNsG.png)
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/EDvOZ.png) | 2017/08/24 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/89953",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/2772/"
] | Just model it after Socotra in Yemen minus Socotra's mountains. It is a world heritage site. <http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1263>
The island has a tropical desert climate, except for the mountain region that gets a bit more rain. The mountains get more rain because the mountains force warm air upwards where it expands and cools. Relative humidity compares the vapor pressure of water to the water content of particular air. The vapor pressure decreases with decreasing temperature, boosting the relative humidity in the process. Rain occurs if the relative humidity passes 100%.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socotra#Geography_and_climate>
The converse must also be true. Vapor pressure increases with increasing temperature, lowering the relative humidity in the process.
As an added bonus, Socotra comes with unique species like the Dragon's blood tree to help you populate the landscape. <https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=78411>
Socotra is generally dry because it does not get monsoons. It does not get monsoons because the water is generally colder than other areas of the same ocean basin. The cold water comes from upwelling from the deep.
<https://charliesweatherforecasts.blogspot.com/2015/11/why-did-yemen-and-socotra-just-get-hit.html>
The combo of hot air (boosting the amount of water needed to reach 100% humidity) and cold water (lowers the rate of evaporation) leads to air that is very dry even though it is above the ocean. Monsoons do not like dry air. You end up with wind but no moisture. Finally, make the island entirely flat, and you are good to go. | I believe the most common cause of dessert on earth is humans. The process is actually called desertification. It usually involved deforestation, poor farming practices, poisoning the ground, and a natural tendancy to low precipitation.
However you state that this is a land that is "one" with nature.
Option #1. Past
===============
Perhaps the people are one with nature because of what they did to this island.
Option #2 Cataclysmic force.
============================
An earthquake, **meteor**, tsunami, volcanic eruption, or magical beast could have caused this.
Option #3 End of the world.
===========================
I think the sun is actually supposed to get colder as it gets older but a decaying orbit might draw the planet closer to the sun. This would result in storms, heat waves, unpredictable weather and general chaos. Wouldn't likely spare the other islands though. |
26,679 | Looking into Google Webmaster Tools in the Site Performance section I see that
>
> On average, pages in your site take 5.0 seconds to load.
>
>
>
Specifically it takes about 5 second to load during last month. However when I personally look pages on my site it rarery takes longer than 1 second to load a page.
How can I discover the reason why Google thinks that pages load slow? Does Google provide any useful info for that? Should I look into web-server logs, etc.? Should I tweak something in robots.txt to prevent indexing some pages or to change crawl speed? | 2012/03/02 | [
"https://webmasters.stackexchange.com/questions/26679",
"https://webmasters.stackexchange.com",
"https://webmasters.stackexchange.com/users/5671/"
] | One explanation could be that the average speed is measured all over the world - while you probably measure it from your home computer which is considerably closer to your server than the rest of the world. As an example I can give a website that google says it has a loading speed average of 5 secs, check this out:
I recommend on reading [this](http://support.google.com/analytics/bin/answer.py?hl=en&answer=1205784&topic=1282106&ctx=topic) for full understanding of "site speed" section of google analytics | The site speed actually comes from real usage around the world (at least, those with the Google Toolbar installed). See [How exactly is Google Webmaster Tools measuring "Site Performance"?](https://webmasters.stackexchange.com/questions/17137/how-exactly-is-google-webmaster-tools-measuring-site-performance) for more details.
However, from experience I have found that longer-than-expected load times in GWT are the result of a handful of outliers. If you set up Site Speed measuring in Google Analytics, you will see occasional values well in excess of 30 seconds.
Some of these will be users still on slow, dialup connections - 56Kb is around 20 times slower than your typical 1Mb connection. But I believe many stem from connection problems or certain page elements not loading (e.g. a Facebook Like button) or timing out. I doubt anyone would sit for minutes waiting for a page to load, let alone hundreds of people. I have seen load times of up to 330 seconds reported from a single user in Google Analytics. I don't think these can only be slow connections. |
4,406 | As a computer programmer I have no problem understanding labels/tags.
However I find it very hard to make people understand that an email can have more than one label.
Also I find it hard to explain that you can still get to an email if it is not in your inbox and does not have a label.
(Moving a email to a folder seem to be how most people think)
Is gmail just designed by computer programmers for computer programmers? (Hence why I like it so match) | 2010/07/21 | [
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com/questions/4406",
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com",
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com/users/2824/"
] | I think the label model/analogy is a good one.
Think of a real life label maker. You can put one or more labels on any physical object.
Well gmail allows you to do the same, virtually. And then you can pull up all of the emails by a certain label name.
This analogy shows that there is 1 email, and you can apply 1 or more label to that one email. There is not a copy of the email for each label.
Labels are nicer than email folders in my opinion because you can have them in 2 places without needing a copy. | If they want their Inbox (boring stuff that they have to deal with) separate from the fun stuff (social media, friends from emails) so that can deal with the boring stuff with a constant blue bracketed reminder of how much fun stuff they can look at when they finish then labels are great.
Just get their friends to send emails to send email to user+Fun@gmail.com and suddenly they'll have a useful labelling system that should make sense straight away.
A major problem with user adoption of organisational techniques is they view everything as either wheat or chuff. Finding a way to show the difference to them that applies normally helps. |
4,406 | As a computer programmer I have no problem understanding labels/tags.
However I find it very hard to make people understand that an email can have more than one label.
Also I find it hard to explain that you can still get to an email if it is not in your inbox and does not have a label.
(Moving a email to a folder seem to be how most people think)
Is gmail just designed by computer programmers for computer programmers? (Hence why I like it so match) | 2010/07/21 | [
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com/questions/4406",
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com",
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com/users/2824/"
] | Compared to physical/paper equivalents:
A file folder can contain many documents and you can put a given document in 1. Instead of organizing your document in file folders, you could just stick as many of those small colored post-it notes on them. When you need some document instead of opening a folder, you say "give me all documents with green post-its on them".
Much better when you're not quite sure in which folder to put a document in, you just stick all relevant post-it colors to the document. | If they want their Inbox (boring stuff that they have to deal with) separate from the fun stuff (social media, friends from emails) so that can deal with the boring stuff with a constant blue bracketed reminder of how much fun stuff they can look at when they finish then labels are great.
Just get their friends to send emails to send email to user+Fun@gmail.com and suddenly they'll have a useful labelling system that should make sense straight away.
A major problem with user adoption of organisational techniques is they view everything as either wheat or chuff. Finding a way to show the difference to them that applies normally helps. |
4,406 | As a computer programmer I have no problem understanding labels/tags.
However I find it very hard to make people understand that an email can have more than one label.
Also I find it hard to explain that you can still get to an email if it is not in your inbox and does not have a label.
(Moving a email to a folder seem to be how most people think)
Is gmail just designed by computer programmers for computer programmers? (Hence why I like it so match) | 2010/07/21 | [
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com/questions/4406",
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com",
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com/users/2824/"
] | Compared to physical/paper equivalents:
A file folder can contain many documents and you can put a given document in 1. Instead of organizing your document in file folders, you could just stick as many of those small colored post-it notes on them. When you need some document instead of opening a folder, you say "give me all documents with green post-its on them".
Much better when you're not quite sure in which folder to put a document in, you just stick all relevant post-it colors to the document. | I think the label model/analogy is a good one.
Think of a real life label maker. You can put one or more labels on any physical object.
Well gmail allows you to do the same, virtually. And then you can pull up all of the emails by a certain label name.
This analogy shows that there is 1 email, and you can apply 1 or more label to that one email. There is not a copy of the email for each label.
Labels are nicer than email folders in my opinion because you can have them in 2 places without needing a copy. |
247,174 | Which will run faster: four 1GB sticks of DDR2 RAM, or two 2GB sticks? Will they run at the same speed? I'm just curious since they are sold in both sizes, and I have four slots, but only two sticks currently. I would imagine the 2GB sticks would be faster, but I can see how the 1GB sticks could as well. | 2011/02/17 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/247174",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/68048/"
] | In short no number of sticks greater than the total number of memory channels will cause speed changes. If you have 2 1GB now you can pair them on one channel and add either 2 1GB or 1 2GB whichever is cheaper to the second channel and get the same results. Just remember to reference your motherboard manual and check if the slots are paired 1+2 then 3+4 or odds and evens. Then you will know which slot to move on of the existing chips into if you decide to add a single 2GB. Matching size for the two channels is always optimal for performance. | The main factor is the number of memory channels, and that you at least have as many RAM sticks as you have memory channels. This is usually two channels, but Intel's high end platform came with three channels.
Assuming you have two channels, and most everybody do, having at least two sticks is important. Going from two to four has a much smaller effect, but there is one. Bumping it up to four sticks means you (well, the BIOS does it for you) have to loosen the timings a little bit. The main one that affects performance is Command Rate, which you may be, with good RAM, be able to keep at 1T with only two sticks but you'll have to bump up to 2T with four. So in that sense 2x2GB is preferable to 4x1GB. But the performance difference is minor and you are unlikely to notice it.
There is one other countervailing factor though. Higher density RAM is usually slower than lower density RAM. You can still get just as fast 2GB modules as you can get 1GB modules but you have to be willing to pay a little more. Even so, the performance difference would be so small that it is unnoticeable in all but the most bandwidth sensitive tasks.
TL;DR: Two versus four sticks won't make any real performance difference. With only two sticks you will have an easier time to add more RAM if you want to at a later date. |
33,476 | I'm currently a high school student trying to build an ultralight aircraft from scratch (I'm self taught and still learning from educational videos), but I don't have much savings (about RM 2.5k, which converts to roughly 587 USD), so I could only afford a small engine.
Is it possible to achieve a certain propeller's efficient rpm by using gears while still using a small engine? Like those gearboxes found in cars to increase rpm. | 2016/11/28 | [
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/33476",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/users/18299/"
] | The short answer is yes you can use some cheaply available engines to achieve flight however you are presumably asking about things like small car engines or motorcycle engines etc. The issue you have here is that these engines are [inherently different](https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/11527/what-are-some-of-the-differences-between-piston-engines-used-in-aircraft-and-aut/11528#11528) from a use case standpoint than your typical aircraft engine. Generally speaking, most car/motorcycle engines rev too high to be used in an aircraft, you actually want to lower the RPM, not raise it. You can read up on it [here](http://www.flyingmag.com/aircraft/do-car-engines-make-good-airplane-engines) and [here](https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2fedpn/why_dont_propeller_driven_aircraft_use_automotive/) and [here](https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/11527/what-are-some-of-the-differences-between-piston-engines-used-in-aircraft-and-aut). You can pull it off with a stepper gear box ([like a turbo prop uses](https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/13837/given-the-same-engine-why-install-a-gearbox-on-a-turboprop-but-not-on-a-turbofa)) and it was even been done on [a piston plane back in the 80's by Mooney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porsche_PFM_3200). The other problem you will have with car engines is cooling them, generally cars are watercooled, something that adds a lot of weight and is not ideal for flight. A two stroke or other similar air cooled motorcycle/scooter engine may be a better thing to use.
Many small engines will produce more than enough horsepower to achieve flight. Keep in mind the [early piper cubs only had 40HP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piper_J-3_Cub) which can be easily found in many 2 stroke engines.
Your best bet may be to look for a [used VW bug engine](http://www.greatplainsas.com/) as they are very similar to aircraft engines and even [were used in some air frames](http://www.enginehistory.org/HOAE/Limbach.html) at one point in history. Due to the cars high production numbers the engines are fairly easy to come by.
You did not list a jurisdiction in your question but the regulations and legislation on this change from place to place, so you may need to see what exactly you are allowed to do in your jurisdiction in relation to home built and experimental aircraft. | Actually, you'd be gearing the engine down, not up. Propellers become very inefficient if the tips go supersonic (as well as extremely noisy). You'd want to keep the prop at around 1800-2200 rpm, depending on the size of the prop. Smaller engines typically put out peak power at much higher rpm's than that, so they have to be geared down to match the prop to the engine's power curve.
A typical ultralight engine is the [Rotax 582](https://www.flyrotax.com/produkte/detail/rotax-582-ul.html). Designed for ultralight aircraft use, it can sustain high power output for long periods of time. That is current production, so it can be a bit expensive.
Now out of production but they can be found on the used market fairly inexpensively, is the [Rotax 503](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotax_503). It has been a very popular ultralight engine.
Motorcycle engines may have less than desirable reliability. Typically, they are designed for brief periods of acceleration, with long periods of cruising at low power output. If you take a stock small motorcycle engine and run it wide open for long periods of time, the cylinder head will probably overheat, blowing the gasket and leaving you with no power. When that happens, you are going to come down, regardless of whether there is a safe place to land, or not.
I have seen Rotax 503's with a gearbox for ultralight use, in the USD 1500 range. More than a small motorcycle engine, but cheaper than a funeral... |
33,476 | I'm currently a high school student trying to build an ultralight aircraft from scratch (I'm self taught and still learning from educational videos), but I don't have much savings (about RM 2.5k, which converts to roughly 587 USD), so I could only afford a small engine.
Is it possible to achieve a certain propeller's efficient rpm by using gears while still using a small engine? Like those gearboxes found in cars to increase rpm. | 2016/11/28 | [
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/33476",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/users/18299/"
] | The answer is yes and no. Can an airplane be designed to fly on very low power? Yes. The Wright 1903 flyer flew on a mere 12 hp gasoline engine. The real question is not can you fly on a lower power engine but *can a lower power engine provide a meaningful flight envelope while carrying a realistic useful load over a wide range of atmospheric conditions*.
It all depends upon your performance requirements which you need to decide upon before engine selection, but the suggestion of using a VW Beetle engine is a good one. [Rotax's line of piston engines](http://www.flyrotax.com/) have also been a good choice, especially for LSA aircraft. | Actually, you'd be gearing the engine down, not up. Propellers become very inefficient if the tips go supersonic (as well as extremely noisy). You'd want to keep the prop at around 1800-2200 rpm, depending on the size of the prop. Smaller engines typically put out peak power at much higher rpm's than that, so they have to be geared down to match the prop to the engine's power curve.
A typical ultralight engine is the [Rotax 582](https://www.flyrotax.com/produkte/detail/rotax-582-ul.html). Designed for ultralight aircraft use, it can sustain high power output for long periods of time. That is current production, so it can be a bit expensive.
Now out of production but they can be found on the used market fairly inexpensively, is the [Rotax 503](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotax_503). It has been a very popular ultralight engine.
Motorcycle engines may have less than desirable reliability. Typically, they are designed for brief periods of acceleration, with long periods of cruising at low power output. If you take a stock small motorcycle engine and run it wide open for long periods of time, the cylinder head will probably overheat, blowing the gasket and leaving you with no power. When that happens, you are going to come down, regardless of whether there is a safe place to land, or not.
I have seen Rotax 503's with a gearbox for ultralight use, in the USD 1500 range. More than a small motorcycle engine, but cheaper than a funeral... |
33,476 | I'm currently a high school student trying to build an ultralight aircraft from scratch (I'm self taught and still learning from educational videos), but I don't have much savings (about RM 2.5k, which converts to roughly 587 USD), so I could only afford a small engine.
Is it possible to achieve a certain propeller's efficient rpm by using gears while still using a small engine? Like those gearboxes found in cars to increase rpm. | 2016/11/28 | [
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/33476",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/users/18299/"
] | In order to minimize engine power, reduce speed. The power need of an aircraft scales with the third power of speed, and many designs of the 1920s successfully used motorcycle engines. A high aspect ratio and a low wing loading, like in a glider, will help to get airborne with just 25 HP. Successful designs with such small engines were the [Daimler L 20](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimler_L20) or the [Messerschmitt M 17](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messerschmitt_M_17).
[](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Messerschmitt_M17.jpg)
Messerschmitt M 17 (picture [source](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messerschmitt_M_17#/media/File:Messerschmitt_M17.jpg)) | Actually, you'd be gearing the engine down, not up. Propellers become very inefficient if the tips go supersonic (as well as extremely noisy). You'd want to keep the prop at around 1800-2200 rpm, depending on the size of the prop. Smaller engines typically put out peak power at much higher rpm's than that, so they have to be geared down to match the prop to the engine's power curve.
A typical ultralight engine is the [Rotax 582](https://www.flyrotax.com/produkte/detail/rotax-582-ul.html). Designed for ultralight aircraft use, it can sustain high power output for long periods of time. That is current production, so it can be a bit expensive.
Now out of production but they can be found on the used market fairly inexpensively, is the [Rotax 503](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotax_503). It has been a very popular ultralight engine.
Motorcycle engines may have less than desirable reliability. Typically, they are designed for brief periods of acceleration, with long periods of cruising at low power output. If you take a stock small motorcycle engine and run it wide open for long periods of time, the cylinder head will probably overheat, blowing the gasket and leaving you with no power. When that happens, you are going to come down, regardless of whether there is a safe place to land, or not.
I have seen Rotax 503's with a gearbox for ultralight use, in the USD 1500 range. More than a small motorcycle engine, but cheaper than a funeral... |
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