Split (1)

train · 1.05M rows

qid int64 1 74.7M	question stringlengths 12 33.8k	date stringlengths 10 10	metadata list	response_j stringlengths 0 115k	response_k stringlengths 2 98.3k
26,801	After solving the first few levels in Crayon Physics my "world map" looks like this: ![enter image description here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/jVTrg.jpg) It appears I earned two flags on the first level, one flag on the following two, no flag for the fourth, then I earned two flags and... a ball. Is that just cosmetic, or does it depend on how well I did? If so, how can I improve this score?	2011/07/27	[ "https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/26801", "https://gaming.stackexchange.com", "https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/23/" ]	Those are cosmetic. Only the stars count. You can i[mprove your score](http://www.kloonigames.com/blog/crayonphysics/crayon-physics-deluxe-gameplay-update) by finishing a round in one of the following ways. 1. Hole in one - for this, you have to get the star by drawing a single line 2. Old School, and - for this, you shouldn't touch the ball or draw any pins 3. Awesome - the user marks a solution "awesome". You can look for some sample solutions on youtube walkthroughs for each. :)	If you have two flags on one level, you can click the level then the 'solutions tab' and mark your solution as 'awesome'. This gives you one orange flag for the level, and an extra star.
26,857	There is a lot of track remixes online. Most of producers use separated vocals from songs. It is almost impossible that they could cut only vocal out of total track in such good quality. What is more, anywhere in the network is not available finished dry vocal version. So how is it possible that they are in possession of such good vocal version? Assume also that they have not purchased it from the artist. Please tell me HOW?? O\_O Thx	2013/10/17	[ "https://sound.stackexchange.com/questions/26857", "https://sound.stackexchange.com", "https://sound.stackexchange.com/users/6561/" ]	The generic term for split / separated tracks is "stems". If you google "vocal stems" you'll find free ones for random songs, not hits but usable. Vocal stems for popular songs are usually available (at a price) from the label or artist.	They purchased it from the artist, or possibly the record company. There is no other clean or effective option. Sound, and particularly voices are complex and once you mix sounds together, they can't be separated cleanly. It's kind of like if you mix water from one cup with water in another cup, you can't get the water back in the cups they came from. If you had the exact copy of everything but the vocals, you could do a subtraction (invert phase and mix together), but if you don't have either the instruments or the vocal track, you can't separate them cleanly. Also, if anything was altered with an instrumental track, it wouldn't work right either, though it might still get a passable result.
22,210	What do you call the square brackets used to target a barcode/QR scanner? I thought this would be called "reticle," but when I Google the term, all I see are circles with crosshairs. Is there a more precise term, especially in the context of a digital device/camera, or is reticle the word? ![scanner target](https://i.stack.imgur.com/vYbtD.jpg)	2012/06/07	[ "https://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/22210", "https://ux.stackexchange.com", "https://ux.stackexchange.com/users/4695/" ]	I think the best term is "reticle." Businesses that make the glass used in cameras call them reticles. See the images on this site: <http://www.reticles.com/reticles_kr900.htm>.	Cross hairs are meant for aiming (centering) and are not usually interactive. The rectangular visualization's primary purpose is not centering of focus, but selecting the relevant part of the image for scanning. Theoretically user can change both size and location in the screen, therefore this is not a common cross hair. The rectangular visualization enables the user to see and modify the "region of interest". (See definition of "region of interest" or ROI here [[Wikipedia]](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Region_of_interest), [[Mathworks]](http://www.mathworks.com/help/toolbox/images/f19-13234.html), [[Wolfram]](http://library.wolfram.com/examples/roi/)). I found that this rectange is refered to as ["viewfinder box"](http://acer-tr.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/16483/~/how-to-install-a-printer-with-acer-print), ["viewfinder rectange"](http://areacellphone.com/2010/05/howto-download-install-android-apps-using-qr-codes/), ["viewfinder area"](http://www.quickmark.cn/en/Info/android.asp), ["crosshair box"](http://www.cadtutor.net/forum/archive/index.php/t-17689.html) (or ["annoying yellow box around crosshair"](http://forums.steampowered.com/forums/showthread.php?t=1718837) in non-QR usage), however a more correct term (which is commonly used in image processing) would be "region of interest". Relevent queries: [viewfinder box](https://www.google.com/search?q=%22viewfinder+box%22+qr&hl=en&tbm=isch) [viewfinder rectangle](https://www.google.com/search?q=%22viewfinder+rectangle%22+qr&hl=en&tbm=isch) [viewfinder area](https://www.google.com/search?q=%22viewfinder+area%22+qr&hl=en&tbm=isch)
22,210	What do you call the square brackets used to target a barcode/QR scanner? I thought this would be called "reticle," but when I Google the term, all I see are circles with crosshairs. Is there a more precise term, especially in the context of a digital device/camera, or is reticle the word? ![scanner target](https://i.stack.imgur.com/vYbtD.jpg)	2012/06/07	[ "https://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/22210", "https://ux.stackexchange.com", "https://ux.stackexchange.com/users/4695/" ]	I think the best term is "reticle." Businesses that make the glass used in cameras call them reticles. See the images on this site: <http://www.reticles.com/reticles_kr900.htm>.	I've written a number of QR code-reading apps, and have always called it a "reticle" in my code, because (son of a photographer here) I was always taught that any lines, grid, crosshair, or indicia overlaid on a view (like a viewfinder in a camera) were all called reticles. Hence, it's a general term: a crosshair overlaid on a view is also a kind of reticle. I can see why it's not such a good user-facing term however, as it's not a simple, common English descriptive term. So for user-facing purposes, I'd go with Apple's usage and call it the "Focus Area," even if it's not literally used for focusing the lens— the point is it's directing the user where to put the focus of their attention.
22,210	What do you call the square brackets used to target a barcode/QR scanner? I thought this would be called "reticle," but when I Google the term, all I see are circles with crosshairs. Is there a more precise term, especially in the context of a digital device/camera, or is reticle the word? ![scanner target](https://i.stack.imgur.com/vYbtD.jpg)	2012/06/07	[ "https://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/22210", "https://ux.stackexchange.com", "https://ux.stackexchange.com/users/4695/" ]	*Colloquial: Target Area,* \Focus Area,\ or Focus Frame It looks like "[target area](http://www.google.com/imgres?hl=en&biw=1428&bih=933&tbm=isch&tbnid=3bqqeUAwteODEM%3a&imgrefurl=http://www.androidapps-home.com/quickmark-barcode-scanner-android-6963.html&docid=Nbr4x3pvKwmdGM&imgurl=http://ssl.gstatic.com/android/market/tw.com.quickmark/ss-320-1-7&w=320&h=480&ei=7G7XT6L5DOms8AGi_vyNBQ&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=181&vpy=175&dur=953&hovh=275&hovw=183&tx=100&ty=130&sig=106342795571774308654&page=1&tbnh=154&tbnw=104&start=0&ndsp=38&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0,i:75)" is the most straightforward term. "Focus frame" is the best colloquial phrase from photography, given that it is often referred to as an "AF (autofocus) Frame" or "focus frame" in camera manuals and discussions. There is some reference to "focus area," which is also descriptive and easy to understand: 1. <http://qrganize.com/features.php> 2. <http://www.butkus.org/chinon/chinon/cp-9af/cp-9af.htm> 3. <http://forums.dpreview.com/forums/readflat.asp?forum=1020&message=41383138&changemode=1> 4. <http://www.sds.com/mug/9xi_vfdr.html> 5. <http://www.scoop.it/t/fuji-x-pro1/p/1758069851/do-you-read-the-manual-tip-3-focus-frame-to-center-fujifilm-digital-camera-x-pro1-owner-s-manual> 6. <http://www.scoop.it/t/fuji-x-pro1/p/1884969260/do-you-read-the-manual-tip-7-corrected-af-frame-fujifilm-digital-camera-x-pro1-owner-s-manual> 7. <http://www.sds.com/mug/700si-inf3.html> 8. <http://www.sds.com/mug/9xi_vfdr.html> Technical: Reticle or Crosshairs [Reticle](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reticle) (or "crosshairs") is a term originating with telescopes, microscopes, and oscilloscopes, to name a few. Because scopes are round, "reticle" generally implies a circular view with cross hairs. However, the term is technically accurate when describing focus areas in cameras (credit goes to @mawcsco for finding the reference): <http://www.reticles.com/reticles_kr900.htm>. Here's another interesting reference: <http://www.techniquip.com/manuals/DCG-200MManual_r3.pdf>. Alternative Colloquial: Crosshair Box Although I believe the above terms to be more generally understandable in reference to cameras, scanners and similar apps, the term "crosshair box" does show up colloquially as a [reference to the "pick box"](http://usa.autodesk.com/adsk/servlet/u/gsearch/results?siteID=123112&catID=123155&id=2088334&qt=crosshair%20box&x=0&y=0) in AutoDesk's product AutoCAD, for virtual cameras in gaming environments, and in one found reference to the reticle on a telescope: 1. <http://usa.autodesk.com/adsk/servlet/u/gsearch/results?siteID=123112&catID=123155&id=2088334&qt=crosshair+box&x=0&y=0> 2. <http://www.garagegames.com/community/forums/viewthread/48233> 3. <http://www.astropix.com/HTML/I_ASTROP/TRACKED/MANUAL.HTM> 4. <http://community.bistudio.com/wiki/Camera.sqs> iOS Term: Focus Indicator Apple uses a similar element called the "[focus indicator](http://developer.apple.com/library/ios/#DOCUMENTATION/AudioVideo/Conceptual/CameraAndPhotoLib_TopicsForIOS/Articles/TakingPicturesAndMovies.html)" in the camera app, however this square moves to indicate where the focus is, rather than form a fixed frame in the viewfinder. Other Camera Terms** Cameras use "viewfinders," for the entire viewable area, "[bright line frame](http://www.butkus.org/chinon/chinon/intrafocus_35f-ma/body09.jpg)" and "[frame finder](http://www.mir.com.my/rb/photography/companies/nikon/nikkoresources/RF-Nikkor/RF-Accessories/Nikon-RF-Finders/KelSportFrame_3.jpg)" for the area inside the viewfinder.	I've written a number of QR code-reading apps, and have always called it a "reticle" in my code, because (son of a photographer here) I was always taught that any lines, grid, crosshair, or indicia overlaid on a view (like a viewfinder in a camera) were all called reticles. Hence, it's a general term: a crosshair overlaid on a view is also a kind of reticle. I can see why it's not such a good user-facing term however, as it's not a simple, common English descriptive term. So for user-facing purposes, I'd go with Apple's usage and call it the "Focus Area," even if it's not literally used for focusing the lens— the point is it's directing the user where to put the focus of their attention.
22,210	What do you call the square brackets used to target a barcode/QR scanner? I thought this would be called "reticle," but when I Google the term, all I see are circles with crosshairs. Is there a more precise term, especially in the context of a digital device/camera, or is reticle the word? ![scanner target](https://i.stack.imgur.com/vYbtD.jpg)	2012/06/07	[ "https://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/22210", "https://ux.stackexchange.com", "https://ux.stackexchange.com/users/4695/" ]	I think the best term is "reticle." Businesses that make the glass used in cameras call them reticles. See the images on this site: <http://www.reticles.com/reticles_kr900.htm>.	According to [ehow](http://www.ehow.com/how_8488499_read-qr-codes-iphone.html) it is called a reticle. But I usually just hear it called the QR reader.
22,210	What do you call the square brackets used to target a barcode/QR scanner? I thought this would be called "reticle," but when I Google the term, all I see are circles with crosshairs. Is there a more precise term, especially in the context of a digital device/camera, or is reticle the word? ![scanner target](https://i.stack.imgur.com/vYbtD.jpg)	2012/06/07	[ "https://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/22210", "https://ux.stackexchange.com", "https://ux.stackexchange.com/users/4695/" ]	Well going to the actual source of QR codes - the company who invented them ([Denso Corporation](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denso)) don't seem to have given that a particular name at all. The products that they sell refer to that roughly in equal measure as the '[Reading Area](http://www.denso-adc.com/products/gt15)' or the '[Scanning Area](http://www.denso-wave.com/en/adcd/product/qrcode/handy_terminal/bht-800q.html)'. Even the actual patent for QR codes: ([Optically readable two-dimensional code and method and apparatus using the same](http://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/originalDocument?CC=US&NR=5726435A&KC=A&FT=D&ND=7&date=19980310&DB=EPODOC&locale=en_EP)) doesn't detail the actual guide lines, only going as far as to state that it is an 'image pickup device'. You could possibly refer to it as a 'CCD Area', as a CCD (Charge-Coupled Device) is the type of image sensor that QR codes use (see this patent: [Optical information reading apparatus](http://www.freepatentsonline.com/y2006/0054844.html) - also from Denso) but that's not really the most intuitive term. So basically, it seems like the specific term is still up-for-grabs. Reticule, 'Reading Area' or 'Guidelines' or whatever makes the most sense to the user really.	I've written a number of QR code-reading apps, and have always called it a "reticle" in my code, because (son of a photographer here) I was always taught that any lines, grid, crosshair, or indicia overlaid on a view (like a viewfinder in a camera) were all called reticles. Hence, it's a general term: a crosshair overlaid on a view is also a kind of reticle. I can see why it's not such a good user-facing term however, as it's not a simple, common English descriptive term. So for user-facing purposes, I'd go with Apple's usage and call it the "Focus Area," even if it's not literally used for focusing the lens— the point is it's directing the user where to put the focus of their attention.
22,210	What do you call the square brackets used to target a barcode/QR scanner? I thought this would be called "reticle," but when I Google the term, all I see are circles with crosshairs. Is there a more precise term, especially in the context of a digital device/camera, or is reticle the word? ![scanner target](https://i.stack.imgur.com/vYbtD.jpg)	2012/06/07	[ "https://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/22210", "https://ux.stackexchange.com", "https://ux.stackexchange.com/users/4695/" ]	*Colloquial: Target Area,* \Focus Area,\ or Focus Frame It looks like "[target area](http://www.google.com/imgres?hl=en&biw=1428&bih=933&tbm=isch&tbnid=3bqqeUAwteODEM%3a&imgrefurl=http://www.androidapps-home.com/quickmark-barcode-scanner-android-6963.html&docid=Nbr4x3pvKwmdGM&imgurl=http://ssl.gstatic.com/android/market/tw.com.quickmark/ss-320-1-7&w=320&h=480&ei=7G7XT6L5DOms8AGi_vyNBQ&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=181&vpy=175&dur=953&hovh=275&hovw=183&tx=100&ty=130&sig=106342795571774308654&page=1&tbnh=154&tbnw=104&start=0&ndsp=38&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0,i:75)" is the most straightforward term. "Focus frame" is the best colloquial phrase from photography, given that it is often referred to as an "AF (autofocus) Frame" or "focus frame" in camera manuals and discussions. There is some reference to "focus area," which is also descriptive and easy to understand: 1. <http://qrganize.com/features.php> 2. <http://www.butkus.org/chinon/chinon/cp-9af/cp-9af.htm> 3. <http://forums.dpreview.com/forums/readflat.asp?forum=1020&message=41383138&changemode=1> 4. <http://www.sds.com/mug/9xi_vfdr.html> 5. <http://www.scoop.it/t/fuji-x-pro1/p/1758069851/do-you-read-the-manual-tip-3-focus-frame-to-center-fujifilm-digital-camera-x-pro1-owner-s-manual> 6. <http://www.scoop.it/t/fuji-x-pro1/p/1884969260/do-you-read-the-manual-tip-7-corrected-af-frame-fujifilm-digital-camera-x-pro1-owner-s-manual> 7. <http://www.sds.com/mug/700si-inf3.html> 8. <http://www.sds.com/mug/9xi_vfdr.html> Technical: Reticle or Crosshairs [Reticle](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reticle) (or "crosshairs") is a term originating with telescopes, microscopes, and oscilloscopes, to name a few. Because scopes are round, "reticle" generally implies a circular view with cross hairs. However, the term is technically accurate when describing focus areas in cameras (credit goes to @mawcsco for finding the reference): <http://www.reticles.com/reticles_kr900.htm>. Here's another interesting reference: <http://www.techniquip.com/manuals/DCG-200MManual_r3.pdf>. Alternative Colloquial: Crosshair Box Although I believe the above terms to be more generally understandable in reference to cameras, scanners and similar apps, the term "crosshair box" does show up colloquially as a [reference to the "pick box"](http://usa.autodesk.com/adsk/servlet/u/gsearch/results?siteID=123112&catID=123155&id=2088334&qt=crosshair%20box&x=0&y=0) in AutoDesk's product AutoCAD, for virtual cameras in gaming environments, and in one found reference to the reticle on a telescope: 1. <http://usa.autodesk.com/adsk/servlet/u/gsearch/results?siteID=123112&catID=123155&id=2088334&qt=crosshair+box&x=0&y=0> 2. <http://www.garagegames.com/community/forums/viewthread/48233> 3. <http://www.astropix.com/HTML/I_ASTROP/TRACKED/MANUAL.HTM> 4. <http://community.bistudio.com/wiki/Camera.sqs> iOS Term: Focus Indicator Apple uses a similar element called the "[focus indicator](http://developer.apple.com/library/ios/#DOCUMENTATION/AudioVideo/Conceptual/CameraAndPhotoLib_TopicsForIOS/Articles/TakingPicturesAndMovies.html)" in the camera app, however this square moves to indicate where the focus is, rather than form a fixed frame in the viewfinder. Other Camera Terms** Cameras use "viewfinders," for the entire viewable area, "[bright line frame](http://www.butkus.org/chinon/chinon/intrafocus_35f-ma/body09.jpg)" and "[frame finder](http://www.mir.com.my/rb/photography/companies/nikon/nikkoresources/RF-Nikkor/RF-Accessories/Nikon-RF-Finders/KelSportFrame_3.jpg)" for the area inside the viewfinder.	Well going to the actual source of QR codes - the company who invented them ([Denso Corporation](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denso)) don't seem to have given that a particular name at all. The products that they sell refer to that roughly in equal measure as the '[Reading Area](http://www.denso-adc.com/products/gt15)' or the '[Scanning Area](http://www.denso-wave.com/en/adcd/product/qrcode/handy_terminal/bht-800q.html)'. Even the actual patent for QR codes: ([Optically readable two-dimensional code and method and apparatus using the same](http://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/originalDocument?CC=US&NR=5726435A&KC=A&FT=D&ND=7&date=19980310&DB=EPODOC&locale=en_EP)) doesn't detail the actual guide lines, only going as far as to state that it is an 'image pickup device'. You could possibly refer to it as a 'CCD Area', as a CCD (Charge-Coupled Device) is the type of image sensor that QR codes use (see this patent: [Optical information reading apparatus](http://www.freepatentsonline.com/y2006/0054844.html) - also from Denso) but that's not really the most intuitive term. So basically, it seems like the specific term is still up-for-grabs. Reticule, 'Reading Area' or 'Guidelines' or whatever makes the most sense to the user really.
22,210	What do you call the square brackets used to target a barcode/QR scanner? I thought this would be called "reticle," but when I Google the term, all I see are circles with crosshairs. Is there a more precise term, especially in the context of a digital device/camera, or is reticle the word? ![scanner target](https://i.stack.imgur.com/vYbtD.jpg)	2012/06/07	[ "https://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/22210", "https://ux.stackexchange.com", "https://ux.stackexchange.com/users/4695/" ]	*Colloquial: Target Area,* \Focus Area,\ or Focus Frame It looks like "[target area](http://www.google.com/imgres?hl=en&biw=1428&bih=933&tbm=isch&tbnid=3bqqeUAwteODEM%3a&imgrefurl=http://www.androidapps-home.com/quickmark-barcode-scanner-android-6963.html&docid=Nbr4x3pvKwmdGM&imgurl=http://ssl.gstatic.com/android/market/tw.com.quickmark/ss-320-1-7&w=320&h=480&ei=7G7XT6L5DOms8AGi_vyNBQ&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=181&vpy=175&dur=953&hovh=275&hovw=183&tx=100&ty=130&sig=106342795571774308654&page=1&tbnh=154&tbnw=104&start=0&ndsp=38&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0,i:75)" is the most straightforward term. "Focus frame" is the best colloquial phrase from photography, given that it is often referred to as an "AF (autofocus) Frame" or "focus frame" in camera manuals and discussions. There is some reference to "focus area," which is also descriptive and easy to understand: 1. <http://qrganize.com/features.php> 2. <http://www.butkus.org/chinon/chinon/cp-9af/cp-9af.htm> 3. <http://forums.dpreview.com/forums/readflat.asp?forum=1020&message=41383138&changemode=1> 4. <http://www.sds.com/mug/9xi_vfdr.html> 5. <http://www.scoop.it/t/fuji-x-pro1/p/1758069851/do-you-read-the-manual-tip-3-focus-frame-to-center-fujifilm-digital-camera-x-pro1-owner-s-manual> 6. <http://www.scoop.it/t/fuji-x-pro1/p/1884969260/do-you-read-the-manual-tip-7-corrected-af-frame-fujifilm-digital-camera-x-pro1-owner-s-manual> 7. <http://www.sds.com/mug/700si-inf3.html> 8. <http://www.sds.com/mug/9xi_vfdr.html> Technical: Reticle or Crosshairs [Reticle](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reticle) (or "crosshairs") is a term originating with telescopes, microscopes, and oscilloscopes, to name a few. Because scopes are round, "reticle" generally implies a circular view with cross hairs. However, the term is technically accurate when describing focus areas in cameras (credit goes to @mawcsco for finding the reference): <http://www.reticles.com/reticles_kr900.htm>. Here's another interesting reference: <http://www.techniquip.com/manuals/DCG-200MManual_r3.pdf>. Alternative Colloquial: Crosshair Box Although I believe the above terms to be more generally understandable in reference to cameras, scanners and similar apps, the term "crosshair box" does show up colloquially as a [reference to the "pick box"](http://usa.autodesk.com/adsk/servlet/u/gsearch/results?siteID=123112&catID=123155&id=2088334&qt=crosshair%20box&x=0&y=0) in AutoDesk's product AutoCAD, for virtual cameras in gaming environments, and in one found reference to the reticle on a telescope: 1. <http://usa.autodesk.com/adsk/servlet/u/gsearch/results?siteID=123112&catID=123155&id=2088334&qt=crosshair+box&x=0&y=0> 2. <http://www.garagegames.com/community/forums/viewthread/48233> 3. <http://www.astropix.com/HTML/I_ASTROP/TRACKED/MANUAL.HTM> 4. <http://community.bistudio.com/wiki/Camera.sqs> iOS Term: Focus Indicator Apple uses a similar element called the "[focus indicator](http://developer.apple.com/library/ios/#DOCUMENTATION/AudioVideo/Conceptual/CameraAndPhotoLib_TopicsForIOS/Articles/TakingPicturesAndMovies.html)" in the camera app, however this square moves to indicate where the focus is, rather than form a fixed frame in the viewfinder. Other Camera Terms** Cameras use "viewfinders," for the entire viewable area, "[bright line frame](http://www.butkus.org/chinon/chinon/intrafocus_35f-ma/body09.jpg)" and "[frame finder](http://www.mir.com.my/rb/photography/companies/nikon/nikkoresources/RF-Nikkor/RF-Accessories/Nikon-RF-Finders/KelSportFrame_3.jpg)" for the area inside the viewfinder.	According to [ehow](http://www.ehow.com/how_8488499_read-qr-codes-iphone.html) it is called a reticle. But I usually just hear it called the QR reader.
22,210	What do you call the square brackets used to target a barcode/QR scanner? I thought this would be called "reticle," but when I Google the term, all I see are circles with crosshairs. Is there a more precise term, especially in the context of a digital device/camera, or is reticle the word? ![scanner target](https://i.stack.imgur.com/vYbtD.jpg)	2012/06/07	[ "https://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/22210", "https://ux.stackexchange.com", "https://ux.stackexchange.com/users/4695/" ]	*Colloquial: Target Area,* \Focus Area,\ or Focus Frame It looks like "[target area](http://www.google.com/imgres?hl=en&biw=1428&bih=933&tbm=isch&tbnid=3bqqeUAwteODEM%3a&imgrefurl=http://www.androidapps-home.com/quickmark-barcode-scanner-android-6963.html&docid=Nbr4x3pvKwmdGM&imgurl=http://ssl.gstatic.com/android/market/tw.com.quickmark/ss-320-1-7&w=320&h=480&ei=7G7XT6L5DOms8AGi_vyNBQ&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=181&vpy=175&dur=953&hovh=275&hovw=183&tx=100&ty=130&sig=106342795571774308654&page=1&tbnh=154&tbnw=104&start=0&ndsp=38&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0,i:75)" is the most straightforward term. "Focus frame" is the best colloquial phrase from photography, given that it is often referred to as an "AF (autofocus) Frame" or "focus frame" in camera manuals and discussions. There is some reference to "focus area," which is also descriptive and easy to understand: 1. <http://qrganize.com/features.php> 2. <http://www.butkus.org/chinon/chinon/cp-9af/cp-9af.htm> 3. <http://forums.dpreview.com/forums/readflat.asp?forum=1020&message=41383138&changemode=1> 4. <http://www.sds.com/mug/9xi_vfdr.html> 5. <http://www.scoop.it/t/fuji-x-pro1/p/1758069851/do-you-read-the-manual-tip-3-focus-frame-to-center-fujifilm-digital-camera-x-pro1-owner-s-manual> 6. <http://www.scoop.it/t/fuji-x-pro1/p/1884969260/do-you-read-the-manual-tip-7-corrected-af-frame-fujifilm-digital-camera-x-pro1-owner-s-manual> 7. <http://www.sds.com/mug/700si-inf3.html> 8. <http://www.sds.com/mug/9xi_vfdr.html> Technical: Reticle or Crosshairs [Reticle](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reticle) (or "crosshairs") is a term originating with telescopes, microscopes, and oscilloscopes, to name a few. Because scopes are round, "reticle" generally implies a circular view with cross hairs. However, the term is technically accurate when describing focus areas in cameras (credit goes to @mawcsco for finding the reference): <http://www.reticles.com/reticles_kr900.htm>. Here's another interesting reference: <http://www.techniquip.com/manuals/DCG-200MManual_r3.pdf>. Alternative Colloquial: Crosshair Box Although I believe the above terms to be more generally understandable in reference to cameras, scanners and similar apps, the term "crosshair box" does show up colloquially as a [reference to the "pick box"](http://usa.autodesk.com/adsk/servlet/u/gsearch/results?siteID=123112&catID=123155&id=2088334&qt=crosshair%20box&x=0&y=0) in AutoDesk's product AutoCAD, for virtual cameras in gaming environments, and in one found reference to the reticle on a telescope: 1. <http://usa.autodesk.com/adsk/servlet/u/gsearch/results?siteID=123112&catID=123155&id=2088334&qt=crosshair+box&x=0&y=0> 2. <http://www.garagegames.com/community/forums/viewthread/48233> 3. <http://www.astropix.com/HTML/I_ASTROP/TRACKED/MANUAL.HTM> 4. <http://community.bistudio.com/wiki/Camera.sqs> iOS Term: Focus Indicator Apple uses a similar element called the "[focus indicator](http://developer.apple.com/library/ios/#DOCUMENTATION/AudioVideo/Conceptual/CameraAndPhotoLib_TopicsForIOS/Articles/TakingPicturesAndMovies.html)" in the camera app, however this square moves to indicate where the focus is, rather than form a fixed frame in the viewfinder. Other Camera Terms** Cameras use "viewfinders," for the entire viewable area, "[bright line frame](http://www.butkus.org/chinon/chinon/intrafocus_35f-ma/body09.jpg)" and "[frame finder](http://www.mir.com.my/rb/photography/companies/nikon/nikkoresources/RF-Nikkor/RF-Accessories/Nikon-RF-Finders/KelSportFrame_3.jpg)" for the area inside the viewfinder.	Cross hairs are meant for aiming (centering) and are not usually interactive. The rectangular visualization's primary purpose is not centering of focus, but selecting the relevant part of the image for scanning. Theoretically user can change both size and location in the screen, therefore this is not a common cross hair. The rectangular visualization enables the user to see and modify the "region of interest". (See definition of "region of interest" or ROI here [[Wikipedia]](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Region_of_interest), [[Mathworks]](http://www.mathworks.com/help/toolbox/images/f19-13234.html), [[Wolfram]](http://library.wolfram.com/examples/roi/)). I found that this rectange is refered to as ["viewfinder box"](http://acer-tr.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/16483/~/how-to-install-a-printer-with-acer-print), ["viewfinder rectange"](http://areacellphone.com/2010/05/howto-download-install-android-apps-using-qr-codes/), ["viewfinder area"](http://www.quickmark.cn/en/Info/android.asp), ["crosshair box"](http://www.cadtutor.net/forum/archive/index.php/t-17689.html) (or ["annoying yellow box around crosshair"](http://forums.steampowered.com/forums/showthread.php?t=1718837) in non-QR usage), however a more correct term (which is commonly used in image processing) would be "region of interest". Relevent queries: [viewfinder box](https://www.google.com/search?q=%22viewfinder+box%22+qr&hl=en&tbm=isch) [viewfinder rectangle](https://www.google.com/search?q=%22viewfinder+rectangle%22+qr&hl=en&tbm=isch) [viewfinder area](https://www.google.com/search?q=%22viewfinder+area%22+qr&hl=en&tbm=isch)
22,210	What do you call the square brackets used to target a barcode/QR scanner? I thought this would be called "reticle," but when I Google the term, all I see are circles with crosshairs. Is there a more precise term, especially in the context of a digital device/camera, or is reticle the word? ![scanner target](https://i.stack.imgur.com/vYbtD.jpg)	2012/06/07	[ "https://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/22210", "https://ux.stackexchange.com", "https://ux.stackexchange.com/users/4695/" ]	*Colloquial: Target Area,* \Focus Area,\ or Focus Frame It looks like "[target area](http://www.google.com/imgres?hl=en&biw=1428&bih=933&tbm=isch&tbnid=3bqqeUAwteODEM%3a&imgrefurl=http://www.androidapps-home.com/quickmark-barcode-scanner-android-6963.html&docid=Nbr4x3pvKwmdGM&imgurl=http://ssl.gstatic.com/android/market/tw.com.quickmark/ss-320-1-7&w=320&h=480&ei=7G7XT6L5DOms8AGi_vyNBQ&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=181&vpy=175&dur=953&hovh=275&hovw=183&tx=100&ty=130&sig=106342795571774308654&page=1&tbnh=154&tbnw=104&start=0&ndsp=38&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0,i:75)" is the most straightforward term. "Focus frame" is the best colloquial phrase from photography, given that it is often referred to as an "AF (autofocus) Frame" or "focus frame" in camera manuals and discussions. There is some reference to "focus area," which is also descriptive and easy to understand: 1. <http://qrganize.com/features.php> 2. <http://www.butkus.org/chinon/chinon/cp-9af/cp-9af.htm> 3. <http://forums.dpreview.com/forums/readflat.asp?forum=1020&message=41383138&changemode=1> 4. <http://www.sds.com/mug/9xi_vfdr.html> 5. <http://www.scoop.it/t/fuji-x-pro1/p/1758069851/do-you-read-the-manual-tip-3-focus-frame-to-center-fujifilm-digital-camera-x-pro1-owner-s-manual> 6. <http://www.scoop.it/t/fuji-x-pro1/p/1884969260/do-you-read-the-manual-tip-7-corrected-af-frame-fujifilm-digital-camera-x-pro1-owner-s-manual> 7. <http://www.sds.com/mug/700si-inf3.html> 8. <http://www.sds.com/mug/9xi_vfdr.html> Technical: Reticle or Crosshairs [Reticle](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reticle) (or "crosshairs") is a term originating with telescopes, microscopes, and oscilloscopes, to name a few. Because scopes are round, "reticle" generally implies a circular view with cross hairs. However, the term is technically accurate when describing focus areas in cameras (credit goes to @mawcsco for finding the reference): <http://www.reticles.com/reticles_kr900.htm>. Here's another interesting reference: <http://www.techniquip.com/manuals/DCG-200MManual_r3.pdf>. Alternative Colloquial: Crosshair Box Although I believe the above terms to be more generally understandable in reference to cameras, scanners and similar apps, the term "crosshair box" does show up colloquially as a [reference to the "pick box"](http://usa.autodesk.com/adsk/servlet/u/gsearch/results?siteID=123112&catID=123155&id=2088334&qt=crosshair%20box&x=0&y=0) in AutoDesk's product AutoCAD, for virtual cameras in gaming environments, and in one found reference to the reticle on a telescope: 1. <http://usa.autodesk.com/adsk/servlet/u/gsearch/results?siteID=123112&catID=123155&id=2088334&qt=crosshair+box&x=0&y=0> 2. <http://www.garagegames.com/community/forums/viewthread/48233> 3. <http://www.astropix.com/HTML/I_ASTROP/TRACKED/MANUAL.HTM> 4. <http://community.bistudio.com/wiki/Camera.sqs> iOS Term: Focus Indicator Apple uses a similar element called the "[focus indicator](http://developer.apple.com/library/ios/#DOCUMENTATION/AudioVideo/Conceptual/CameraAndPhotoLib_TopicsForIOS/Articles/TakingPicturesAndMovies.html)" in the camera app, however this square moves to indicate where the focus is, rather than form a fixed frame in the viewfinder. Other Camera Terms** Cameras use "viewfinders," for the entire viewable area, "[bright line frame](http://www.butkus.org/chinon/chinon/intrafocus_35f-ma/body09.jpg)" and "[frame finder](http://www.mir.com.my/rb/photography/companies/nikon/nikkoresources/RF-Nikkor/RF-Accessories/Nikon-RF-Finders/KelSportFrame_3.jpg)" for the area inside the viewfinder.	I think the best term is "reticle." Businesses that make the glass used in cameras call them reticles. See the images on this site: <http://www.reticles.com/reticles_kr900.htm>.
22,210	What do you call the square brackets used to target a barcode/QR scanner? I thought this would be called "reticle," but when I Google the term, all I see are circles with crosshairs. Is there a more precise term, especially in the context of a digital device/camera, or is reticle the word? ![scanner target](https://i.stack.imgur.com/vYbtD.jpg)	2012/06/07	[ "https://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/22210", "https://ux.stackexchange.com", "https://ux.stackexchange.com/users/4695/" ]	Well going to the actual source of QR codes - the company who invented them ([Denso Corporation](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denso)) don't seem to have given that a particular name at all. The products that they sell refer to that roughly in equal measure as the '[Reading Area](http://www.denso-adc.com/products/gt15)' or the '[Scanning Area](http://www.denso-wave.com/en/adcd/product/qrcode/handy_terminal/bht-800q.html)'. Even the actual patent for QR codes: ([Optically readable two-dimensional code and method and apparatus using the same](http://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/originalDocument?CC=US&NR=5726435A&KC=A&FT=D&ND=7&date=19980310&DB=EPODOC&locale=en_EP)) doesn't detail the actual guide lines, only going as far as to state that it is an 'image pickup device'. You could possibly refer to it as a 'CCD Area', as a CCD (Charge-Coupled Device) is the type of image sensor that QR codes use (see this patent: [Optical information reading apparatus](http://www.freepatentsonline.com/y2006/0054844.html) - also from Denso) but that's not really the most intuitive term. So basically, it seems like the specific term is still up-for-grabs. Reticule, 'Reading Area' or 'Guidelines' or whatever makes the most sense to the user really.	Cross hairs are meant for aiming (centering) and are not usually interactive. The rectangular visualization's primary purpose is not centering of focus, but selecting the relevant part of the image for scanning. Theoretically user can change both size and location in the screen, therefore this is not a common cross hair. The rectangular visualization enables the user to see and modify the "region of interest". (See definition of "region of interest" or ROI here [[Wikipedia]](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Region_of_interest), [[Mathworks]](http://www.mathworks.com/help/toolbox/images/f19-13234.html), [[Wolfram]](http://library.wolfram.com/examples/roi/)). I found that this rectange is refered to as ["viewfinder box"](http://acer-tr.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/16483/~/how-to-install-a-printer-with-acer-print), ["viewfinder rectange"](http://areacellphone.com/2010/05/howto-download-install-android-apps-using-qr-codes/), ["viewfinder area"](http://www.quickmark.cn/en/Info/android.asp), ["crosshair box"](http://www.cadtutor.net/forum/archive/index.php/t-17689.html) (or ["annoying yellow box around crosshair"](http://forums.steampowered.com/forums/showthread.php?t=1718837) in non-QR usage), however a more correct term (which is commonly used in image processing) would be "region of interest". Relevent queries: [viewfinder box](https://www.google.com/search?q=%22viewfinder+box%22+qr&hl=en&tbm=isch) [viewfinder rectangle](https://www.google.com/search?q=%22viewfinder+rectangle%22+qr&hl=en&tbm=isch) [viewfinder area](https://www.google.com/search?q=%22viewfinder+area%22+qr&hl=en&tbm=isch)
293,983	I am looking for ways to make a mobile power supply for 10 units of MG996R servo motors, each of which can draw up to around 800 mA to 1 A and operate between 4.8 V to 7.2 V. I have 12 Eneloop AA batteries (BK-3MCCA8BA), and from [Panasonic Eneloop BK-3MCC (4th gen) - where I can find maximum discharge current?](https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/123709/panasonic-eneloop-bk-3mcc-4th-gen-where-i-can-find-maximum-discharge-current), I gathered that each of my Eneloop AA battery can discharge up to 6 A, which means that I should be able to power up to 6 MG996R's with a 4 or 6 AA battery pack. This appears to agree with my setup where I am trying to control the 10 servo motors using the Adafruit 16-channel 12-bit PWM driver with a 1000 uF capacitor. Once I begin to control over 5 servo motors, I get jitters, which I assume is due to the insufficient current. However, I also read at [How do I determine the maximum amp output of a battery pack?](https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/61939/how-do-i-determine-the-maximum-amp-output-of-a-battery-pack) that I can model the batteries as a Thevenin-equivalent circuit, where the current is V\_Th/R\_Th. If I had 4 1.2 V AA batteries in series and assumed an individual internal resistance of 100 mOhms, I should be getting 4.8 V/ 0.4 ohms= 12 A. This current should be sufficient for 10 of my servo motors? However, this is not the case. What am I missing here? Also, could I put 2 packs of 6 AA battery holders in parallel to provide sufficient current?	2017/03/22	[ "https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/293983", "https://electronics.stackexchange.com", "https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/142940/" ]	This one is really clear, surprisingly clear in fact ... downright enlightened. That additional wording that MicroChip put in ... "true ..." makes it a very safe bet that you can perform whatever routing function through that pin you wish to ease your layout. The only caveat is not to put a sensitive net through the pin, since it will add parasitics (a handful of pF) if it matters. Alternate wordings would be "DNC" for do not connect, which is a command, not a suggestion. or "Reserved" where you must fear for your life if you ever connect that pin incorrectly. I've been reading data sheets since the '70s and they have not been better or worse across time. This one is very clear. To convince yourself, put your meter on the highest resistance range to each pin in turn. Checking that it declares over-range. Make sure that you perform each measurement with both polarities of the meter. Most meters use a one-polarity source, often ramping in a triangle, so they read differently each way and a diode will fool you.	NC or 'No connect' usually means 'Not connected', unless the datasheet says otherwise. DNC or 'DO NOT CONNECT' means do not connect for any reason. (and is could be a factor pin used for manufacturing, or other purposes)
23,239	This question may sound rhetorical or not well posed, but I wonder what the economic viability or sustainability of certain Emirates routes is. Among its 164 destinations, Emirates is currently serving a whole host of non-major airports (airports which, according to [this list](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_the_world%27s_busiest_airports_by_passenger_traffic#2015_statistics), are not among the 30 busiest in the World). Among them are: * Newcastle upon Tyne (NCL) * Prague (PRG) * Bologna (BLQ) * Harare (HRE) and so forth. My question: on the majority of these routes, a Boeing 777 is deployed. But how economically viable could it be to fly such a high-capacity plane to destinations where the target market is not so wealthy or not big enough? In some of these instances, Emirates is the sole airline operating the Boeing 777. Also, I speculate that other airlines would probably use another, smaller aircraft to some of these destinations. I am sure Emirates does its market researches with adequate meticulousness before opening any new route, but I am still doubtful - couldn't the people living around Bologna take a train to Milan to get to Dubai, for instance, [given their close proximity](https://www.google.it/maps/dir/Bologna/Milan,+MI/@44.0344603,10.50582,6z/data=!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x477fd498e951c40b:0xa2e17c015ba49441!2m2!1d11.3426163!2d44.494887!1m5!1m1!1s0x4786c1493f1275e7:0x3cffcd13c6740e8d!2m2!1d9.1859243!2d45.4654219!3e3)?	2015/11/28	[ "https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/23239", "https://aviation.stackexchange.com", "https://aviation.stackexchange.com/users/11885/" ]	Don't forget that aircraft size and link capacity are only loosely related, because it also depends on how many flights there are. For example in case of Prague, I counted 6 departures to Frakfurt and 7 to Amsterdam a day, while only 2 to Dubai (the Emirates B77W and one SmartWings B738). So while the flights to Frankfurt and Amsterdam are all smaller planes (A319, A320, A321, to AMS some are even just E190), the capacity to both those destination is about double that to Dubai. For the closer hubs, it makes more sense to fly smaller planes more often, because it can be more easily scaled (e.g. swapping A320 for A321; they don't even have to change the crew for that) and because it allows shorter transfer times, which the passengers obviously prefer. However Dubai is much further and the small aircraft are less practical for that distance and for long trips, the stopover is smaller fraction of the travel time, so the passengers are more willing to accept it. So Emirates flies just once per day and uses large aircraft.	> > [C]ouldn't the people living around Bologna take a train to Milan to get to Dubai... ? > > > Maybe. But even if they can, it's much less convenient. By the time you've factored in taking a train from the outskirts of your city to the centre, waiting for the connection, taking the one-hour train, arriving earlier than you wanted to because of the schedule, and allowing extra time in case the train's late, that can easily be 2hrs actual travelling. Also, the time of the first train of the day might prevent you from taking morning flights. I used to use my local airport and travel via Amsterdam instead of taking a "75-minute" train to the regional airport and getting a direct flight. Not only was the 75-minute journey more like 135 minutes (because I had to get a local train to the city centre and wait for a connection) but, also, the first train of the day was at 0615, so it was impossible to be at the regional airport before about 0830, so you wouldn't want to take a flight before about 1030. Yet another problem is that, if my trains had been late, I'd have been at the mercy of my travel insurance company and airline agreeing that I'd made reasonable efforts to get to the airport on time and not charging me to rebook the flight. If the shuttle flight to Amsterdam was late, it was unambiguously the airline's responsibility to get me to my destination. Finally, Emirates aren't really about people flying to Dubai. Rather, they want to be a hub for people flying via Dubai. Flying to many different airports makes Dubai a more attractive hub, for example for people flying between Europe and the Asia/Pacific region. You probably don't care what hub you fly through but being able to go from your local airport rather than the regional one can make a big difference.
23,239	This question may sound rhetorical or not well posed, but I wonder what the economic viability or sustainability of certain Emirates routes is. Among its 164 destinations, Emirates is currently serving a whole host of non-major airports (airports which, according to [this list](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_the_world%27s_busiest_airports_by_passenger_traffic#2015_statistics), are not among the 30 busiest in the World). Among them are: * Newcastle upon Tyne (NCL) * Prague (PRG) * Bologna (BLQ) * Harare (HRE) and so forth. My question: on the majority of these routes, a Boeing 777 is deployed. But how economically viable could it be to fly such a high-capacity plane to destinations where the target market is not so wealthy or not big enough? In some of these instances, Emirates is the sole airline operating the Boeing 777. Also, I speculate that other airlines would probably use another, smaller aircraft to some of these destinations. I am sure Emirates does its market researches with adequate meticulousness before opening any new route, but I am still doubtful - couldn't the people living around Bologna take a train to Milan to get to Dubai, for instance, [given their close proximity](https://www.google.it/maps/dir/Bologna/Milan,+MI/@44.0344603,10.50582,6z/data=!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x477fd498e951c40b:0xa2e17c015ba49441!2m2!1d11.3426163!2d44.494887!1m5!1m1!1s0x4786c1493f1275e7:0x3cffcd13c6740e8d!2m2!1d9.1859243!2d45.4654219!3e3)?	2015/11/28	[ "https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/23239", "https://aviation.stackexchange.com", "https://aviation.stackexchange.com/users/11885/" ]	Eurostats provides information EU air passengers information, [it details air passengers transport Each of EU countries and their main airport partner.](http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/help/new-eurostat-website?p_auth=82MXqaAJ&p_p_id=estatsearchportlet_WAR_estatsearchportlet&p_p_lifecycle=1&p_p_state=maximized&p_p_mode=view&_estatsearchportlet_WAR_estatsearchportlet_action=search&text=avia_par) Based on the above link, there is the passengers information between Dubai and Newcastle/Prague. [![Newcastle](https://i.stack.imgur.com/HTfVG.jpg)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/HTfVG.jpg) [![Prague](https://i.stack.imgur.com/btNg6.jpg)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/btNg6.jpg) Departure meanes the flights from the cities to dubai, and arrival stands for the flights from dubai to the two cities. As you can see, the load factor for Newcastle and Prague is around 70%, both are lower than [Emirates 79.6% average](http://content.emirates.com/downloads/ek/pdfs/report/annual_report_2015.pdf). Newcastle are serviced by 2-class B77W while Prague is serviced by 3-class b77w/a388. Load factor of both cities are from 50% at low season to 80& at high season. Although load factor of Prague route is lower than Newcastle in 2015, please note that at that time [Emirate ran this route by A388 instead of B77W](http://www.routesonline.com/news/29/breaking-news/249703/where-does-the-airbus-a380-fly-july-2015-network-update/?highlight=emirates%20prague). PS: The nearest airport to Bologna which Emirates serves is Venice, not Milan,although the fastest way between 2 airports and Bologna are almost same.	It's very simple. Emirates is HEAVILY subsidized by the government of UAE. They are privately held by a government investment corporation which means any data on yield, load factors, PRASM, CASM, or profits are not to be trusted. They are trying to flood certain markets with capacity in order to kill competition and gain market share. It's a age old strategy in the aviation world, but it tends to not to work out so well in the long run. Its a great idea until you have a bunch of other airlines trying to do the same thing, then you end up with a HUGE glut of capacity and fares in the dumper! Eithad, Emirates, Saudia, Quatar, and Turkish airlines all seem to be flooding their markets with capacity, we shall see which country has the largest appetite for loss.
23,239	This question may sound rhetorical or not well posed, but I wonder what the economic viability or sustainability of certain Emirates routes is. Among its 164 destinations, Emirates is currently serving a whole host of non-major airports (airports which, according to [this list](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_the_world%27s_busiest_airports_by_passenger_traffic#2015_statistics), are not among the 30 busiest in the World). Among them are: * Newcastle upon Tyne (NCL) * Prague (PRG) * Bologna (BLQ) * Harare (HRE) and so forth. My question: on the majority of these routes, a Boeing 777 is deployed. But how economically viable could it be to fly such a high-capacity plane to destinations where the target market is not so wealthy or not big enough? In some of these instances, Emirates is the sole airline operating the Boeing 777. Also, I speculate that other airlines would probably use another, smaller aircraft to some of these destinations. I am sure Emirates does its market researches with adequate meticulousness before opening any new route, but I am still doubtful - couldn't the people living around Bologna take a train to Milan to get to Dubai, for instance, [given their close proximity](https://www.google.it/maps/dir/Bologna/Milan,+MI/@44.0344603,10.50582,6z/data=!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x477fd498e951c40b:0xa2e17c015ba49441!2m2!1d11.3426163!2d44.494887!1m5!1m1!1s0x4786c1493f1275e7:0x3cffcd13c6740e8d!2m2!1d9.1859243!2d45.4654219!3e3)?	2015/11/28	[ "https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/23239", "https://aviation.stackexchange.com", "https://aviation.stackexchange.com/users/11885/" ]	Don't forget that aircraft size and link capacity are only loosely related, because it also depends on how many flights there are. For example in case of Prague, I counted 6 departures to Frakfurt and 7 to Amsterdam a day, while only 2 to Dubai (the Emirates B77W and one SmartWings B738). So while the flights to Frankfurt and Amsterdam are all smaller planes (A319, A320, A321, to AMS some are even just E190), the capacity to both those destination is about double that to Dubai. For the closer hubs, it makes more sense to fly smaller planes more often, because it can be more easily scaled (e.g. swapping A320 for A321; they don't even have to change the crew for that) and because it allows shorter transfer times, which the passengers obviously prefer. However Dubai is much further and the small aircraft are less practical for that distance and for long trips, the stopover is smaller fraction of the travel time, so the passengers are more willing to accept it. So Emirates flies just once per day and uses large aircraft.	It's very simple. Emirates is HEAVILY subsidized by the government of UAE. They are privately held by a government investment corporation which means any data on yield, load factors, PRASM, CASM, or profits are not to be trusted. They are trying to flood certain markets with capacity in order to kill competition and gain market share. It's a age old strategy in the aviation world, but it tends to not to work out so well in the long run. Its a great idea until you have a bunch of other airlines trying to do the same thing, then you end up with a HUGE glut of capacity and fares in the dumper! Eithad, Emirates, Saudia, Quatar, and Turkish airlines all seem to be flooding their markets with capacity, we shall see which country has the largest appetite for loss.
23,239	This question may sound rhetorical or not well posed, but I wonder what the economic viability or sustainability of certain Emirates routes is. Among its 164 destinations, Emirates is currently serving a whole host of non-major airports (airports which, according to [this list](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_the_world%27s_busiest_airports_by_passenger_traffic#2015_statistics), are not among the 30 busiest in the World). Among them are: * Newcastle upon Tyne (NCL) * Prague (PRG) * Bologna (BLQ) * Harare (HRE) and so forth. My question: on the majority of these routes, a Boeing 777 is deployed. But how economically viable could it be to fly such a high-capacity plane to destinations where the target market is not so wealthy or not big enough? In some of these instances, Emirates is the sole airline operating the Boeing 777. Also, I speculate that other airlines would probably use another, smaller aircraft to some of these destinations. I am sure Emirates does its market researches with adequate meticulousness before opening any new route, but I am still doubtful - couldn't the people living around Bologna take a train to Milan to get to Dubai, for instance, [given their close proximity](https://www.google.it/maps/dir/Bologna/Milan,+MI/@44.0344603,10.50582,6z/data=!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x477fd498e951c40b:0xa2e17c015ba49441!2m2!1d11.3426163!2d44.494887!1m5!1m1!1s0x4786c1493f1275e7:0x3cffcd13c6740e8d!2m2!1d9.1859243!2d45.4654219!3e3)?	2015/11/28	[ "https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/23239", "https://aviation.stackexchange.com", "https://aviation.stackexchange.com/users/11885/" ]	There are many reasons an airline may fly to a given destination and the economics of air travel are complex to say the least. I would like to fist address your question > > couldn't the people living around Bologna take a train to Milan to get > to Dubai > > > Sure they could but airlines don't only service locations because of the people that live there they may service them for the very people that don't. I fly both commercially and as a GA pilot to explore new places. I generally fly out of the Philadelphia area which is one of the busiest in the US. From there I head to plenty of tiny airstrips all over the place, none of these airstrips are in towns that are as economically prosperous or busy as Philadelphia but they see my travel because I wish to explore the area. The same goes for foreign airports, simply because a country is less economically prosperous or "busy" than another does not mean it has less to offer culturally and in fact may be a hot bed for tourism. I have personally been to both Prague and Bologna and they are great cities both with large tourist markets. I can see it being very economical to fly a wide body airliner there full of tourists and maybe only a few locals. While layovers may attract the lower budget fliers there are plenty of people who prefer a direct flight for both the convenience and time savings. You may be able to find more [stats here](https://www.iata.org/publications/economics/Pages/index.aspx).	I guess one of the reasons for this wide-body use is because this is the primary aircraft for medium-haul routes in the Emirates Network. The 777 for Emirates is the workhorse of the Emirates airline and it has contributed to it's success. But in reality I do agree with you. Many Emirates routes that I have seen on YouTube do not have full aircraft which cannot be economically viable. But I guess this is why Emirates are so careful of assigning the A380 to a route. An example I can think of is Zurich which up till recently was operated by a 777. This is because the A380 is such a huge plane that it is only viable if the flight is packed. The 777 on the other hand is an aircraft that is used for a plethora of routes by Emirates. Reasons for this could be that it is the only widebody aircraft Emirates can use for this route.
23,239	This question may sound rhetorical or not well posed, but I wonder what the economic viability or sustainability of certain Emirates routes is. Among its 164 destinations, Emirates is currently serving a whole host of non-major airports (airports which, according to [this list](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_the_world%27s_busiest_airports_by_passenger_traffic#2015_statistics), are not among the 30 busiest in the World). Among them are: * Newcastle upon Tyne (NCL) * Prague (PRG) * Bologna (BLQ) * Harare (HRE) and so forth. My question: on the majority of these routes, a Boeing 777 is deployed. But how economically viable could it be to fly such a high-capacity plane to destinations where the target market is not so wealthy or not big enough? In some of these instances, Emirates is the sole airline operating the Boeing 777. Also, I speculate that other airlines would probably use another, smaller aircraft to some of these destinations. I am sure Emirates does its market researches with adequate meticulousness before opening any new route, but I am still doubtful - couldn't the people living around Bologna take a train to Milan to get to Dubai, for instance, [given their close proximity](https://www.google.it/maps/dir/Bologna/Milan,+MI/@44.0344603,10.50582,6z/data=!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x477fd498e951c40b:0xa2e17c015ba49441!2m2!1d11.3426163!2d44.494887!1m5!1m1!1s0x4786c1493f1275e7:0x3cffcd13c6740e8d!2m2!1d9.1859243!2d45.4654219!3e3)?	2015/11/28	[ "https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/23239", "https://aviation.stackexchange.com", "https://aviation.stackexchange.com/users/11885/" ]	I may try and answer for Bologna which could be a similar case as for other supposedly non busy airports. (I am from Bologna myself!) I think the reason is that even though the airport is not on the top 30, Bologna itself is one of the busiest economic hubs in Italy. For example from here we have factories like Ferrari, Maserati, Lamborghini and Ducati which are all in the radius of 30 km from the airport. So if it does not make sense passenger-wise I think it does commercially. There is also another theory which I have heard from FastJet management (Low cost regional carrier in Tanzania) which serves neighbouring countries. Sometimes you do not have to serve where there is business. The simple fact that you are opening a new route will automatically create business. As an airline YOU are creating the business for many other sectors. This is very true for example for Harare where now, with FastJet there are a lot of people flying into Dar es Salaam to pick up used cars shipped from Japan. This was not happening before but it is now a reality and their flights are fully booked for months from Harare to Dar es Salaam. On the other way (DSM-Harare) there are not many passengers but the pilots are telling me that the plane is fully laden with cargo! So sometimes it seems that a route is not profitable but probably because no one is doing it. The moment you open it up, BANG! like magic new businesses start to flourish!	I guess one of the reasons for this wide-body use is because this is the primary aircraft for medium-haul routes in the Emirates Network. The 777 for Emirates is the workhorse of the Emirates airline and it has contributed to it's success. But in reality I do agree with you. Many Emirates routes that I have seen on YouTube do not have full aircraft which cannot be economically viable. But I guess this is why Emirates are so careful of assigning the A380 to a route. An example I can think of is Zurich which up till recently was operated by a 777. This is because the A380 is such a huge plane that it is only viable if the flight is packed. The 777 on the other hand is an aircraft that is used for a plethora of routes by Emirates. Reasons for this could be that it is the only widebody aircraft Emirates can use for this route.
23,239	This question may sound rhetorical or not well posed, but I wonder what the economic viability or sustainability of certain Emirates routes is. Among its 164 destinations, Emirates is currently serving a whole host of non-major airports (airports which, according to [this list](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_the_world%27s_busiest_airports_by_passenger_traffic#2015_statistics), are not among the 30 busiest in the World). Among them are: * Newcastle upon Tyne (NCL) * Prague (PRG) * Bologna (BLQ) * Harare (HRE) and so forth. My question: on the majority of these routes, a Boeing 777 is deployed. But how economically viable could it be to fly such a high-capacity plane to destinations where the target market is not so wealthy or not big enough? In some of these instances, Emirates is the sole airline operating the Boeing 777. Also, I speculate that other airlines would probably use another, smaller aircraft to some of these destinations. I am sure Emirates does its market researches with adequate meticulousness before opening any new route, but I am still doubtful - couldn't the people living around Bologna take a train to Milan to get to Dubai, for instance, [given their close proximity](https://www.google.it/maps/dir/Bologna/Milan,+MI/@44.0344603,10.50582,6z/data=!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x477fd498e951c40b:0xa2e17c015ba49441!2m2!1d11.3426163!2d44.494887!1m5!1m1!1s0x4786c1493f1275e7:0x3cffcd13c6740e8d!2m2!1d9.1859243!2d45.4654219!3e3)?	2015/11/28	[ "https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/23239", "https://aviation.stackexchange.com", "https://aviation.stackexchange.com/users/11885/" ]	There are many reasons an airline may fly to a given destination and the economics of air travel are complex to say the least. I would like to fist address your question > > couldn't the people living around Bologna take a train to Milan to get > to Dubai > > > Sure they could but airlines don't only service locations because of the people that live there they may service them for the very people that don't. I fly both commercially and as a GA pilot to explore new places. I generally fly out of the Philadelphia area which is one of the busiest in the US. From there I head to plenty of tiny airstrips all over the place, none of these airstrips are in towns that are as economically prosperous or busy as Philadelphia but they see my travel because I wish to explore the area. The same goes for foreign airports, simply because a country is less economically prosperous or "busy" than another does not mean it has less to offer culturally and in fact may be a hot bed for tourism. I have personally been to both Prague and Bologna and they are great cities both with large tourist markets. I can see it being very economical to fly a wide body airliner there full of tourists and maybe only a few locals. While layovers may attract the lower budget fliers there are plenty of people who prefer a direct flight for both the convenience and time savings. You may be able to find more [stats here](https://www.iata.org/publications/economics/Pages/index.aspx).	Don't forget that aircraft size and link capacity are only loosely related, because it also depends on how many flights there are. For example in case of Prague, I counted 6 departures to Frakfurt and 7 to Amsterdam a day, while only 2 to Dubai (the Emirates B77W and one SmartWings B738). So while the flights to Frankfurt and Amsterdam are all smaller planes (A319, A320, A321, to AMS some are even just E190), the capacity to both those destination is about double that to Dubai. For the closer hubs, it makes more sense to fly smaller planes more often, because it can be more easily scaled (e.g. swapping A320 for A321; they don't even have to change the crew for that) and because it allows shorter transfer times, which the passengers obviously prefer. However Dubai is much further and the small aircraft are less practical for that distance and for long trips, the stopover is smaller fraction of the travel time, so the passengers are more willing to accept it. So Emirates flies just once per day and uses large aircraft.
23,239	This question may sound rhetorical or not well posed, but I wonder what the economic viability or sustainability of certain Emirates routes is. Among its 164 destinations, Emirates is currently serving a whole host of non-major airports (airports which, according to [this list](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_the_world%27s_busiest_airports_by_passenger_traffic#2015_statistics), are not among the 30 busiest in the World). Among them are: * Newcastle upon Tyne (NCL) * Prague (PRG) * Bologna (BLQ) * Harare (HRE) and so forth. My question: on the majority of these routes, a Boeing 777 is deployed. But how economically viable could it be to fly such a high-capacity plane to destinations where the target market is not so wealthy or not big enough? In some of these instances, Emirates is the sole airline operating the Boeing 777. Also, I speculate that other airlines would probably use another, smaller aircraft to some of these destinations. I am sure Emirates does its market researches with adequate meticulousness before opening any new route, but I am still doubtful - couldn't the people living around Bologna take a train to Milan to get to Dubai, for instance, [given their close proximity](https://www.google.it/maps/dir/Bologna/Milan,+MI/@44.0344603,10.50582,6z/data=!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x477fd498e951c40b:0xa2e17c015ba49441!2m2!1d11.3426163!2d44.494887!1m5!1m1!1s0x4786c1493f1275e7:0x3cffcd13c6740e8d!2m2!1d9.1859243!2d45.4654219!3e3)?	2015/11/28	[ "https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/23239", "https://aviation.stackexchange.com", "https://aviation.stackexchange.com/users/11885/" ]	Eurostats provides information EU air passengers information, [it details air passengers transport Each of EU countries and their main airport partner.](http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/help/new-eurostat-website?p_auth=82MXqaAJ&p_p_id=estatsearchportlet_WAR_estatsearchportlet&p_p_lifecycle=1&p_p_state=maximized&p_p_mode=view&_estatsearchportlet_WAR_estatsearchportlet_action=search&text=avia_par) Based on the above link, there is the passengers information between Dubai and Newcastle/Prague. [![Newcastle](https://i.stack.imgur.com/HTfVG.jpg)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/HTfVG.jpg) [![Prague](https://i.stack.imgur.com/btNg6.jpg)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/btNg6.jpg) Departure meanes the flights from the cities to dubai, and arrival stands for the flights from dubai to the two cities. As you can see, the load factor for Newcastle and Prague is around 70%, both are lower than [Emirates 79.6% average](http://content.emirates.com/downloads/ek/pdfs/report/annual_report_2015.pdf). Newcastle are serviced by 2-class B77W while Prague is serviced by 3-class b77w/a388. Load factor of both cities are from 50% at low season to 80& at high season. Although load factor of Prague route is lower than Newcastle in 2015, please note that at that time [Emirate ran this route by A388 instead of B77W](http://www.routesonline.com/news/29/breaking-news/249703/where-does-the-airbus-a380-fly-july-2015-network-update/?highlight=emirates%20prague). PS: The nearest airport to Bologna which Emirates serves is Venice, not Milan,although the fastest way between 2 airports and Bologna are almost same.	I don't think you have to dig much deeper that the fact that Emirates is exclusively an international carrier; and they have decided to standardize their fleet on the 777 and the A380 - this is actually more economical for them since they are able to get cost savings by only servicing two kinds of airframes. Overall for them - it makes sense to standardize on these two kinds of aircraft, which means that no matter where they fly - it will either be on a 777 or a A380, no matter what the load ratio is. This means you have some silly routing - such as flying an A380 from Dubai to Kuwait, a route exclusively serviced by the 737/A320/A321 family by every other carrier. Even Eithad (the UAE's national airline) flies this route on the A320. For Emirates, when speaking of operations at their scale, it makes sense for them to fly a standard configuration, with a standard crew layout to all destinations. In fact, I would hazard a guess that most airlines would love to do what Emirates is able to, rather than having to service, train for and maintain different kinds of aircraft.
23,239	This question may sound rhetorical or not well posed, but I wonder what the economic viability or sustainability of certain Emirates routes is. Among its 164 destinations, Emirates is currently serving a whole host of non-major airports (airports which, according to [this list](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_the_world%27s_busiest_airports_by_passenger_traffic#2015_statistics), are not among the 30 busiest in the World). Among them are: * Newcastle upon Tyne (NCL) * Prague (PRG) * Bologna (BLQ) * Harare (HRE) and so forth. My question: on the majority of these routes, a Boeing 777 is deployed. But how economically viable could it be to fly such a high-capacity plane to destinations where the target market is not so wealthy or not big enough? In some of these instances, Emirates is the sole airline operating the Boeing 777. Also, I speculate that other airlines would probably use another, smaller aircraft to some of these destinations. I am sure Emirates does its market researches with adequate meticulousness before opening any new route, but I am still doubtful - couldn't the people living around Bologna take a train to Milan to get to Dubai, for instance, [given their close proximity](https://www.google.it/maps/dir/Bologna/Milan,+MI/@44.0344603,10.50582,6z/data=!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x477fd498e951c40b:0xa2e17c015ba49441!2m2!1d11.3426163!2d44.494887!1m5!1m1!1s0x4786c1493f1275e7:0x3cffcd13c6740e8d!2m2!1d9.1859243!2d45.4654219!3e3)?	2015/11/28	[ "https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/23239", "https://aviation.stackexchange.com", "https://aviation.stackexchange.com/users/11885/" ]	There are many reasons an airline may fly to a given destination and the economics of air travel are complex to say the least. I would like to fist address your question > > couldn't the people living around Bologna take a train to Milan to get > to Dubai > > > Sure they could but airlines don't only service locations because of the people that live there they may service them for the very people that don't. I fly both commercially and as a GA pilot to explore new places. I generally fly out of the Philadelphia area which is one of the busiest in the US. From there I head to plenty of tiny airstrips all over the place, none of these airstrips are in towns that are as economically prosperous or busy as Philadelphia but they see my travel because I wish to explore the area. The same goes for foreign airports, simply because a country is less economically prosperous or "busy" than another does not mean it has less to offer culturally and in fact may be a hot bed for tourism. I have personally been to both Prague and Bologna and they are great cities both with large tourist markets. I can see it being very economical to fly a wide body airliner there full of tourists and maybe only a few locals. While layovers may attract the lower budget fliers there are plenty of people who prefer a direct flight for both the convenience and time savings. You may be able to find more [stats here](https://www.iata.org/publications/economics/Pages/index.aspx).	It's very simple. Emirates is HEAVILY subsidized by the government of UAE. They are privately held by a government investment corporation which means any data on yield, load factors, PRASM, CASM, or profits are not to be trusted. They are trying to flood certain markets with capacity in order to kill competition and gain market share. It's a age old strategy in the aviation world, but it tends to not to work out so well in the long run. Its a great idea until you have a bunch of other airlines trying to do the same thing, then you end up with a HUGE glut of capacity and fares in the dumper! Eithad, Emirates, Saudia, Quatar, and Turkish airlines all seem to be flooding their markets with capacity, we shall see which country has the largest appetite for loss.
23,239	This question may sound rhetorical or not well posed, but I wonder what the economic viability or sustainability of certain Emirates routes is. Among its 164 destinations, Emirates is currently serving a whole host of non-major airports (airports which, according to [this list](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_the_world%27s_busiest_airports_by_passenger_traffic#2015_statistics), are not among the 30 busiest in the World). Among them are: * Newcastle upon Tyne (NCL) * Prague (PRG) * Bologna (BLQ) * Harare (HRE) and so forth. My question: on the majority of these routes, a Boeing 777 is deployed. But how economically viable could it be to fly such a high-capacity plane to destinations where the target market is not so wealthy or not big enough? In some of these instances, Emirates is the sole airline operating the Boeing 777. Also, I speculate that other airlines would probably use another, smaller aircraft to some of these destinations. I am sure Emirates does its market researches with adequate meticulousness before opening any new route, but I am still doubtful - couldn't the people living around Bologna take a train to Milan to get to Dubai, for instance, [given their close proximity](https://www.google.it/maps/dir/Bologna/Milan,+MI/@44.0344603,10.50582,6z/data=!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x477fd498e951c40b:0xa2e17c015ba49441!2m2!1d11.3426163!2d44.494887!1m5!1m1!1s0x4786c1493f1275e7:0x3cffcd13c6740e8d!2m2!1d9.1859243!2d45.4654219!3e3)?	2015/11/28	[ "https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/23239", "https://aviation.stackexchange.com", "https://aviation.stackexchange.com/users/11885/" ]	Eurostats provides information EU air passengers information, [it details air passengers transport Each of EU countries and their main airport partner.](http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/help/new-eurostat-website?p_auth=82MXqaAJ&p_p_id=estatsearchportlet_WAR_estatsearchportlet&p_p_lifecycle=1&p_p_state=maximized&p_p_mode=view&_estatsearchportlet_WAR_estatsearchportlet_action=search&text=avia_par) Based on the above link, there is the passengers information between Dubai and Newcastle/Prague. [![Newcastle](https://i.stack.imgur.com/HTfVG.jpg)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/HTfVG.jpg) [![Prague](https://i.stack.imgur.com/btNg6.jpg)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/btNg6.jpg) Departure meanes the flights from the cities to dubai, and arrival stands for the flights from dubai to the two cities. As you can see, the load factor for Newcastle and Prague is around 70%, both are lower than [Emirates 79.6% average](http://content.emirates.com/downloads/ek/pdfs/report/annual_report_2015.pdf). Newcastle are serviced by 2-class B77W while Prague is serviced by 3-class b77w/a388. Load factor of both cities are from 50% at low season to 80& at high season. Although load factor of Prague route is lower than Newcastle in 2015, please note that at that time [Emirate ran this route by A388 instead of B77W](http://www.routesonline.com/news/29/breaking-news/249703/where-does-the-airbus-a380-fly-july-2015-network-update/?highlight=emirates%20prague). PS: The nearest airport to Bologna which Emirates serves is Venice, not Milan,although the fastest way between 2 airports and Bologna are almost same.	I guess one of the reasons for this wide-body use is because this is the primary aircraft for medium-haul routes in the Emirates Network. The 777 for Emirates is the workhorse of the Emirates airline and it has contributed to it's success. But in reality I do agree with you. Many Emirates routes that I have seen on YouTube do not have full aircraft which cannot be economically viable. But I guess this is why Emirates are so careful of assigning the A380 to a route. An example I can think of is Zurich which up till recently was operated by a 777. This is because the A380 is such a huge plane that it is only viable if the flight is packed. The 777 on the other hand is an aircraft that is used for a plethora of routes by Emirates. Reasons for this could be that it is the only widebody aircraft Emirates can use for this route.
23,239	This question may sound rhetorical or not well posed, but I wonder what the economic viability or sustainability of certain Emirates routes is. Among its 164 destinations, Emirates is currently serving a whole host of non-major airports (airports which, according to [this list](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_the_world%27s_busiest_airports_by_passenger_traffic#2015_statistics), are not among the 30 busiest in the World). Among them are: * Newcastle upon Tyne (NCL) * Prague (PRG) * Bologna (BLQ) * Harare (HRE) and so forth. My question: on the majority of these routes, a Boeing 777 is deployed. But how economically viable could it be to fly such a high-capacity plane to destinations where the target market is not so wealthy or not big enough? In some of these instances, Emirates is the sole airline operating the Boeing 777. Also, I speculate that other airlines would probably use another, smaller aircraft to some of these destinations. I am sure Emirates does its market researches with adequate meticulousness before opening any new route, but I am still doubtful - couldn't the people living around Bologna take a train to Milan to get to Dubai, for instance, [given their close proximity](https://www.google.it/maps/dir/Bologna/Milan,+MI/@44.0344603,10.50582,6z/data=!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x477fd498e951c40b:0xa2e17c015ba49441!2m2!1d11.3426163!2d44.494887!1m5!1m1!1s0x4786c1493f1275e7:0x3cffcd13c6740e8d!2m2!1d9.1859243!2d45.4654219!3e3)?	2015/11/28	[ "https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/23239", "https://aviation.stackexchange.com", "https://aviation.stackexchange.com/users/11885/" ]	Don't forget that aircraft size and link capacity are only loosely related, because it also depends on how many flights there are. For example in case of Prague, I counted 6 departures to Frakfurt and 7 to Amsterdam a day, while only 2 to Dubai (the Emirates B77W and one SmartWings B738). So while the flights to Frankfurt and Amsterdam are all smaller planes (A319, A320, A321, to AMS some are even just E190), the capacity to both those destination is about double that to Dubai. For the closer hubs, it makes more sense to fly smaller planes more often, because it can be more easily scaled (e.g. swapping A320 for A321; they don't even have to change the crew for that) and because it allows shorter transfer times, which the passengers obviously prefer. However Dubai is much further and the small aircraft are less practical for that distance and for long trips, the stopover is smaller fraction of the travel time, so the passengers are more willing to accept it. So Emirates flies just once per day and uses large aircraft.	I guess one of the reasons for this wide-body use is because this is the primary aircraft for medium-haul routes in the Emirates Network. The 777 for Emirates is the workhorse of the Emirates airline and it has contributed to it's success. But in reality I do agree with you. Many Emirates routes that I have seen on YouTube do not have full aircraft which cannot be economically viable. But I guess this is why Emirates are so careful of assigning the A380 to a route. An example I can think of is Zurich which up till recently was operated by a 777. This is because the A380 is such a huge plane that it is only viable if the flight is packed. The 777 on the other hand is an aircraft that is used for a plethora of routes by Emirates. Reasons for this could be that it is the only widebody aircraft Emirates can use for this route.
84,249	When Finn and Rose Tico were in the jail cell where they met the thief, why was the thief even there, if he could just easily escape with basically no effort?	2017/12/27	[ "https://movies.stackexchange.com/questions/84249", "https://movies.stackexchange.com", "https://movies.stackexchange.com/users/60426/" ]	From my interpretation, DJ seemed to be bored before he encountered Finn and crew. He had a very relaxed demeanor, indicating that he wasn't stressed out about where he was at all because, as we find out, he could leave at any time. I think he was probably captured after breaking in somewhere, possibly stealing something, and was locked up and possibly awaiting further processing. He also quite possibly could have been waiting for particular events to happen (changing of guards, casino slowing down for the night, etc.) before making his escape, and finding Finn and Rose accelerated his plans.	DJ has a strange gait, way of talking, and general attitude, so what happens later throws this into question a bit, but I got the very distinct impression that he was thrown in there as a drunk and was sleeping off the alcohol. Finn and Rose being noisy woke him up, so he decided it was time to go.
84,249	When Finn and Rose Tico were in the jail cell where they met the thief, why was the thief even there, if he could just easily escape with basically no effort?	2017/12/27	[ "https://movies.stackexchange.com/questions/84249", "https://movies.stackexchange.com", "https://movies.stackexchange.com/users/60426/" ]	From my interpretation, DJ seemed to be bored before he encountered Finn and crew. He had a very relaxed demeanor, indicating that he wasn't stressed out about where he was at all because, as we find out, he could leave at any time. I think he was probably captured after breaking in somewhere, possibly stealing something, and was locked up and possibly awaiting further processing. He also quite possibly could have been waiting for particular events to happen (changing of guards, casino slowing down for the night, etc.) before making his escape, and finding Finn and Rose accelerated his plans.	Well DJ is not actually the character's real name, but is an abreviation for the philosophy of what DJ believes in: Don't Join. > > The Star Wars The Last Jedi The Visual Dictionary reveals "DJ" aren't > his initials but actually stands for "Don't Join." Indeed, his cap > bears a tin plate with the motto "don't join" stamped on it. > > > DJ is a cynical, opportunistic survivor who sees society as imbalanced > in favor of the wealthy and holds little regard for the First Order, > the Resistance, or the New Republic. "He thinks larger causes are for > fools, since society is just a machine looking to turn everyone into a > cog," according to the book. > <http://www.ign.com/articles/2017/12/17/star-wars-the-last-jedi-why-benicio-del-toros-character-is-named-dj> > > > So although this does not explain this potential DJ "set-up" (juxtaposition to "Old Wookiee Prisoner Trick"), it may shed some light on where his mind is. With the idea of being an anarchist, he may be willing to turn on anyone in order to achieve some goal of wealth-equality. On the other hand, "not joining" is another way to say, "doesn't belong to" and therefor there is an irony in that 'every man for himself' usually does not equivicate a better society, so DJ almost seems like a lost cause at this point... Obvioiusly though, this is speculative and does not explain to what end DJ is working towards, which would give us a better reason why he was in the cell and if he was in fact waiting for Finn/Rose or any other "criminal" bystander. Perhaps the novelization, which is out in April may shed more light on this. Also there is a Canto Bight Novella, but I have not read it.
84,249	When Finn and Rose Tico were in the jail cell where they met the thief, why was the thief even there, if he could just easily escape with basically no effort?	2017/12/27	[ "https://movies.stackexchange.com/questions/84249", "https://movies.stackexchange.com", "https://movies.stackexchange.com/users/60426/" ]	He got himself arrested so the police would stop bothering him. =============================================================== Taken from p. 65 of The Last Jedi Visual Dictionary: > > Already known to local authorities, DJ purposely arranges his own arrest for a petty crime. The jail is the only place he can grab some sleep with the assurance that he won't be pestered by the Canto Bight Police Department. > > >	From my interpretation, DJ seemed to be bored before he encountered Finn and crew. He had a very relaxed demeanor, indicating that he wasn't stressed out about where he was at all because, as we find out, he could leave at any time. I think he was probably captured after breaking in somewhere, possibly stealing something, and was locked up and possibly awaiting further processing. He also quite possibly could have been waiting for particular events to happen (changing of guards, casino slowing down for the night, etc.) before making his escape, and finding Finn and Rose accelerated his plans.
84,249	When Finn and Rose Tico were in the jail cell where they met the thief, why was the thief even there, if he could just easily escape with basically no effort?	2017/12/27	[ "https://movies.stackexchange.com/questions/84249", "https://movies.stackexchange.com", "https://movies.stackexchange.com/users/60426/" ]	Well DJ is not actually the character's real name, but is an abreviation for the philosophy of what DJ believes in: Don't Join. > > The Star Wars The Last Jedi The Visual Dictionary reveals "DJ" aren't > his initials but actually stands for "Don't Join." Indeed, his cap > bears a tin plate with the motto "don't join" stamped on it. > > > DJ is a cynical, opportunistic survivor who sees society as imbalanced > in favor of the wealthy and holds little regard for the First Order, > the Resistance, or the New Republic. "He thinks larger causes are for > fools, since society is just a machine looking to turn everyone into a > cog," according to the book. > <http://www.ign.com/articles/2017/12/17/star-wars-the-last-jedi-why-benicio-del-toros-character-is-named-dj> > > > So although this does not explain this potential DJ "set-up" (juxtaposition to "Old Wookiee Prisoner Trick"), it may shed some light on where his mind is. With the idea of being an anarchist, he may be willing to turn on anyone in order to achieve some goal of wealth-equality. On the other hand, "not joining" is another way to say, "doesn't belong to" and therefor there is an irony in that 'every man for himself' usually does not equivicate a better society, so DJ almost seems like a lost cause at this point... Obvioiusly though, this is speculative and does not explain to what end DJ is working towards, which would give us a better reason why he was in the cell and if he was in fact waiting for Finn/Rose or any other "criminal" bystander. Perhaps the novelization, which is out in April may shed more light on this. Also there is a Canto Bight Novella, but I have not read it.	DJ has a strange gait, way of talking, and general attitude, so what happens later throws this into question a bit, but I got the very distinct impression that he was thrown in there as a drunk and was sleeping off the alcohol. Finn and Rose being noisy woke him up, so he decided it was time to go.
84,249	When Finn and Rose Tico were in the jail cell where they met the thief, why was the thief even there, if he could just easily escape with basically no effort?	2017/12/27	[ "https://movies.stackexchange.com/questions/84249", "https://movies.stackexchange.com", "https://movies.stackexchange.com/users/60426/" ]	He got himself arrested so the police would stop bothering him. =============================================================== Taken from p. 65 of The Last Jedi Visual Dictionary: > > Already known to local authorities, DJ purposely arranges his own arrest for a petty crime. The jail is the only place he can grab some sleep with the assurance that he won't be pestered by the Canto Bight Police Department. > > >	DJ has a strange gait, way of talking, and general attitude, so what happens later throws this into question a bit, but I got the very distinct impression that he was thrown in there as a drunk and was sleeping off the alcohol. Finn and Rose being noisy woke him up, so he decided it was time to go.
84,249	When Finn and Rose Tico were in the jail cell where they met the thief, why was the thief even there, if he could just easily escape with basically no effort?	2017/12/27	[ "https://movies.stackexchange.com/questions/84249", "https://movies.stackexchange.com", "https://movies.stackexchange.com/users/60426/" ]	He got himself arrested so the police would stop bothering him. =============================================================== Taken from p. 65 of The Last Jedi Visual Dictionary: > > Already known to local authorities, DJ purposely arranges his own arrest for a petty crime. The jail is the only place he can grab some sleep with the assurance that he won't be pestered by the Canto Bight Police Department. > > >	Well DJ is not actually the character's real name, but is an abreviation for the philosophy of what DJ believes in: Don't Join. > > The Star Wars The Last Jedi The Visual Dictionary reveals "DJ" aren't > his initials but actually stands for "Don't Join." Indeed, his cap > bears a tin plate with the motto "don't join" stamped on it. > > > DJ is a cynical, opportunistic survivor who sees society as imbalanced > in favor of the wealthy and holds little regard for the First Order, > the Resistance, or the New Republic. "He thinks larger causes are for > fools, since society is just a machine looking to turn everyone into a > cog," according to the book. > <http://www.ign.com/articles/2017/12/17/star-wars-the-last-jedi-why-benicio-del-toros-character-is-named-dj> > > > So although this does not explain this potential DJ "set-up" (juxtaposition to "Old Wookiee Prisoner Trick"), it may shed some light on where his mind is. With the idea of being an anarchist, he may be willing to turn on anyone in order to achieve some goal of wealth-equality. On the other hand, "not joining" is another way to say, "doesn't belong to" and therefor there is an irony in that 'every man for himself' usually does not equivicate a better society, so DJ almost seems like a lost cause at this point... Obvioiusly though, this is speculative and does not explain to what end DJ is working towards, which would give us a better reason why he was in the cell and if he was in fact waiting for Finn/Rose or any other "criminal" bystander. Perhaps the novelization, which is out in April may shed more light on this. Also there is a Canto Bight Novella, but I have not read it.
14,996,632	There are some `C#` console applications that started by Windows scheduler. How can I gather work progress from any of them (using internal data available only in concrete console application)? In other words, I want to show some data from running console application on my asp.net webforms website. How can i do this?	2013/02/21	[ "https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/14996632", "https://Stackoverflow.com", "https://Stackoverflow.com/users/2083527/" ]	Host a http server inside the console app that the website can communicate with. I already kind of do this using self host signal r inside a tray application and it works a treat. <https://github.com/SignalR/SignalR/wiki/Self-host>	I would preferred old good [.NET Remouting](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/kwdt6w2k%28v=vs.100%29.aspx) for this (check out [simple example for it](http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/10045/NET-Remoting-Sample)). But you can use WCF with NetNamedPipesBinding or NetTcpBinding binding.
90,189	I tried to sync the blockchain and, though I have ample free disk space (>500 GB on my computer, the chain is ~265) I've been having a hard time. So, how can I use an SPV node to send transactions and/or view the blockchain? NOTE: don't do this if you don't have to because the blockchain needs nodes to ensure adequate distribution.	2019/09/03	[ "https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/questions/90189", "https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com", "https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/users/96148/" ]	Try Electrum. Exact details on how to install depend on Linux distribution used. Also Wasabi Wallet could be good choice, easy to setup.	Since your constraint is the blockchain size, it seems you would be fine with running bitcoind with `--prune` enabled to something like 2gb or similar. This is technically not an SPV solution, but you would have access to the bitcoin-qt gui ( if that's the version of bitcoind you have installed ) and you'd be able to run with your minimal constraints.
346,195	So I've been looking all over the internet for a Decimal to Binary converter but all I've been able to find are Binary to Decimal converters, and Decimal to BCD circuits, does anyone have one?	2017/12/21	[ "https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/346195", "https://electronics.stackexchange.com", "https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/172586/" ]	Yes, you'll struggle to find one. The reason for this is that there is no common reason for a BCD to binary converter. Where do the BCD digits come from that you need to convert? The purpose of the many binary to BCD converter ICs that are around are to support 7-segment displays in the pre-cheap-microcontroller era. You used to use a binary to BCD converter to break out each digit from your ADC or counter, then you would use a BCD to 7-segment driver to run each LED/LCD/VFD display to provide a human readable display of the binary measurement. As you can imagine, this was a rather common function in electronics devices, hence why the chips are readily available. Without knowing much more about the problem you are trying to solve, your best bet is to use a cheap microcontroller. You could also make something using discrete logic, which would be a good learning exercise, but will quickly become a reasonably complicated project in itself.	For a complete 3 digits BCD to binary converter you need 10 output bits for numbers from 0 to 999. 8 bits are good for numbers from 0 to 255. There was a TTL chip for that purpose, the SN74184A, see this [PDF](http://pdf.datasheetcatalog.com/datasheets/400/220358_DS.pdf) or that [PDF](https://www.utm.edu/staff/leeb/DM74185.pdf) datasheet. On page 6 or 3-736 there is a cascaded circuit using 6 chips for 3 BCD digits input and 10 binary output bits. If you can't buy the SN74184A, you may program its function table (page 2 or 3-732) into a PROM with 5 inputs and 5 outputs. Of course you may use a PROM with 8 inputs and 8 outputs too. Or you do a single chip solution using a PROM with 12 inputs and 10 outputs. 16 outputs may be used also, just don't use 6 outputs. Or 2 EPROMs with 4096 bytes of 8 bits. Larger EPROMs may be used too. The least significant bit of the lowest BCD digit needs no processing, therefore a PROM with 11 inputs and 9 outputs will do it too.
346,195	So I've been looking all over the internet for a Decimal to Binary converter but all I've been able to find are Binary to Decimal converters, and Decimal to BCD circuits, does anyone have one?	2017/12/21	[ "https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/346195", "https://electronics.stackexchange.com", "https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/172586/" ]	As has been pointed out in other answers, you can use the venerable (and I do mean venerable) 74184. Of course, those things have been obsolete for decades, so finding them is .... interesting. If you go on eBay, you can get 20 year old Russian knockoffs for a couple of bucks apiece. You'll need 6 for converting 0 to 255. You'll also need some extra protection logic, since with a 3-digit input there is always the chance that you will inadvertently try to enter a number in excess of 255, and the results of that will not be pretty. Then, of course, your 6 ICs will draw (worst case) as much as 100 mA each, so you're looking at 600 mA. Overall, in terms of circuit board size, power dissipation and error resistance, you're much better off programming a 4k x 8 PROM such as a 2732. This comes in a 28 pin DIP, and they are readily available and easily programmed.	For a complete 3 digits BCD to binary converter you need 10 output bits for numbers from 0 to 999. 8 bits are good for numbers from 0 to 255. There was a TTL chip for that purpose, the SN74184A, see this [PDF](http://pdf.datasheetcatalog.com/datasheets/400/220358_DS.pdf) or that [PDF](https://www.utm.edu/staff/leeb/DM74185.pdf) datasheet. On page 6 or 3-736 there is a cascaded circuit using 6 chips for 3 BCD digits input and 10 binary output bits. If you can't buy the SN74184A, you may program its function table (page 2 or 3-732) into a PROM with 5 inputs and 5 outputs. Of course you may use a PROM with 8 inputs and 8 outputs too. Or you do a single chip solution using a PROM with 12 inputs and 10 outputs. 16 outputs may be used also, just don't use 6 outputs. Or 2 EPROMs with 4096 bytes of 8 bits. Larger EPROMs may be used too. The least significant bit of the lowest BCD digit needs no processing, therefore a PROM with 11 inputs and 9 outputs will do it too.
4,098,493	I need to find remote data such as RAM usage, swap usage, number of processors, etc, using a php script from the local computer and 10 other remote computers. How can I go about it? The remote computers are all running Linux, and they can run any service that is needed of the machine. What I have in mind is that I can somehow use ssh using the PHP script. Then use top or something to find what I need. It also needs to be a single PHP file that displays all the information.	2010/11/04	[ "https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/4098493", "https://Stackoverflow.com", "https://Stackoverflow.com/users/357538/" ]	I think you will probably want to look at PHP Expect, it allows you to do something like connect to a remote host, and provide input/responses to output on the remote. <http://us3.php.net/manual/en/book.expect.php>	Have you considered a monitoring suite like [Nagios](http://www.nagios.org/) instead of PHP? I think Nagios can give you all this data in a central web-based interface. As far as I know, it has a learning curve that is not entirely trivial, but it may still beat building a PHP solution.
4,098,493	I need to find remote data such as RAM usage, swap usage, number of processors, etc, using a php script from the local computer and 10 other remote computers. How can I go about it? The remote computers are all running Linux, and they can run any service that is needed of the machine. What I have in mind is that I can somehow use ssh using the PHP script. Then use top or something to find what I need. It also needs to be a single PHP file that displays all the information.	2010/11/04	[ "https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/4098493", "https://Stackoverflow.com", "https://Stackoverflow.com/users/357538/" ]	Have you considered a monitoring suite like [Nagios](http://www.nagios.org/) instead of PHP? I think Nagios can give you all this data in a central web-based interface. As far as I know, it has a learning curve that is not entirely trivial, but it may still beat building a PHP solution.	You can use PHP [sockets](http://www.php.net/manual/en/book.sockets.php) to communicate with servers remotely via [SNMP](http://php.net/manual/en/book.snmp.php). The remote servers need to have SNMP activated and configured to provide the data you need, such as hardware info, bandwidth, disk space, swap usage, etc.
4,098,493	I need to find remote data such as RAM usage, swap usage, number of processors, etc, using a php script from the local computer and 10 other remote computers. How can I go about it? The remote computers are all running Linux, and they can run any service that is needed of the machine. What I have in mind is that I can somehow use ssh using the PHP script. Then use top or something to find what I need. It also needs to be a single PHP file that displays all the information.	2010/11/04	[ "https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/4098493", "https://Stackoverflow.com", "https://Stackoverflow.com/users/357538/" ]	I think you will probably want to look at PHP Expect, it allows you to do something like connect to a remote host, and provide input/responses to output on the remote. <http://us3.php.net/manual/en/book.expect.php>	You can use PHP [sockets](http://www.php.net/manual/en/book.sockets.php) to communicate with servers remotely via [SNMP](http://php.net/manual/en/book.snmp.php). The remote servers need to have SNMP activated and configured to provide the data you need, such as hardware info, bandwidth, disk space, swap usage, etc.
154,695	There are two worlds of more or less equivalent technological level, say a difference of only a few decades and no more than 50 years. A first contact event occurs and after the hoopla dies down trading starts. Initially, barter is the primary form of trade but this quickly becomes cumbersome. How would the two economies first establish a currency exchange and exchange rate? Some commodities are similar and occur in similar quantities, particularly minerals gold, iron etc. Other commodities are unique to one civilization or the other; plants and animals unique to each planet, unique tech developed by one and not the other. Some restrictions: * Both planets have one currency or at least a dominant currency (like the USD) * Neither planet is in a "dominant" economic or technological position. * Travel between the planets takes a few days * There is a moderate level of trust in business dealings but it is not clear how laws apply to off worlders on each planet. Ideas I've toyed with: * comparable commodity-based exchange, ie. gold standard type exchanges, but this seems archaic for technologically advanced worlds and would anyone really want to transport heavy gold out of the gravity well of a planet * some type of crypto type exchange, but this seems problematic with distance and not very conducive to trade as the price fluctuates	2019/09/07	[ "https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/154695", "https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com", "https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/5101/" ]	Why have an exchange rate? Just deal in the local currency on whichever end of the trip I am at, and carry my wealth in the form of goods that will sell well at my next stop. Freight carriers don't like to run with empty holds, it is a waste of resources to sit still longer than necessary to unload and reload, and an even bigger waste to move while empty. I leave A with a hold full of cargo bound for B. When I get there I sell my cargo for B coin. I then turn around and buy new cargo using said B coin for my trip back to A. On the A side I do the same thing but with A dollars. If I am doing this regularly, I keep accounts on both ends of the trip in that planets currency. When I am ready to retire, or otherwise have a need to consolidate my wealth, I deliberately skew the relative value of my cargos so that A>B just covers the costs, while B>A lets me extract my savings and bring my profits home. Money is just a convenient means of representing the time and energy that goes into producing something. It only has value as long as all parties agree on what a unit represents. People on A will never see value in B coins, and B will never value A dollars, because they have a different reference base. The only ones who will see value in both are the people who move between places, and they will naturally define their own formula for relative worth base on what they can do with each currency in it's own place.	During the barter phase, when you were trading a ship full of grain for some crates of microprocessors, you established the relative values of the commodities. Now that you have this information you can start trading with tokens, like the federal reserve notes. The parties will have to establish a clearing house for transactions, the parities between the tokens will have to be agreed upon, either by state decrees or by letting the tokens' value float in the markets or by having a common currency. Until you a have an agreed-upon clearing house you will still need to resort to barter.
154,695	There are two worlds of more or less equivalent technological level, say a difference of only a few decades and no more than 50 years. A first contact event occurs and after the hoopla dies down trading starts. Initially, barter is the primary form of trade but this quickly becomes cumbersome. How would the two economies first establish a currency exchange and exchange rate? Some commodities are similar and occur in similar quantities, particularly minerals gold, iron etc. Other commodities are unique to one civilization or the other; plants and animals unique to each planet, unique tech developed by one and not the other. Some restrictions: * Both planets have one currency or at least a dominant currency (like the USD) * Neither planet is in a "dominant" economic or technological position. * Travel between the planets takes a few days * There is a moderate level of trust in business dealings but it is not clear how laws apply to off worlders on each planet. Ideas I've toyed with: * comparable commodity-based exchange, ie. gold standard type exchanges, but this seems archaic for technologically advanced worlds and would anyone really want to transport heavy gold out of the gravity well of a planet * some type of crypto type exchange, but this seems problematic with distance and not very conducive to trade as the price fluctuates	2019/09/07	[ "https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/154695", "https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com", "https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/5101/" ]	Comparing commodities. Money, after all, is just an abstract representation of goods and services. The only reason any form of fiat currency has power is its ability to be swapped for either a good or a service. A way to get an idea at what the exchange rate would be is to just compare a common and frequently used commodity between the two and use it to set a benchmark. The trick is finding the commodity. Any metal that's used in equal measure would be useful, but suppose one planet is iron-rich and the other is iron-poor? Or perhaps one culture values gold whereas the other values silver? If both planets have the same amount of metals and use similar ways to process it, that would be the best, but that's not always the case. Services would actually be another good place to start. Figure out the 'living wage', as in how much money would be the bare minimum for living expenses i.e. food, clothing, shelter at a minimal level. Or plot a graph with the respective salaries for necessary jobs - like doctor, farmer, lawyer, etc. (Cue lawyer joke.) Take all that information together and you should get a pretty good idea of what the exchange rate should look like.	I think the short answer is: you're missing a step. *The next step in that picture isn't* a currency exchange. If you've got a trader who's currently taking barter in exchange for their goods, the next step is to take the local currency instead.** Instead of taking on 500 kilos of sodium chloride in payment, you get 500 cilrish - which you know you can use to purchase X, Y, and Z at the local alien freemarket. There isn't an exchange rate - you're not directly exchanging dollars for cilrish. In fact, the trader in that situation doesn't even really care about an exchange rate. Instead, they care about the goods X, Y, and Z versus the amount of dollars they spent on the venture. The trader may even keep spare cilrish - but mostly from the standpoint that it'll let them buy goods on the alien planet. So for small-time trading, there isn't an exchange rate. But what happens when trading gets more prevalent - or, more directly, entities start springing up that do one directional trading - they focus on importing A and B from the alien planet and selling them on earth. In that case, the business needs to find a way to convert dollars into cilrish. But there are likely business entities on the alien planet with the same problem. They're importing Miniature Corgis (a delicacy on their planet) and receiving payment in cilrish... which those businesses have to convert to dollars in order to purchase more inventory. At that point, there's still not really an 'exchange rate', so much as a "Here's a rate we happen to agree to a transaction to at this point in time." It's just two companies agreeing to swap X dollars for Y cilrish. Now, once there's a market demand for exchanges, that's when an actual exchange rate pops up. Because there's enough trading of cilrish to/from dollars that an actual proper rate can be established.
154,695	There are two worlds of more or less equivalent technological level, say a difference of only a few decades and no more than 50 years. A first contact event occurs and after the hoopla dies down trading starts. Initially, barter is the primary form of trade but this quickly becomes cumbersome. How would the two economies first establish a currency exchange and exchange rate? Some commodities are similar and occur in similar quantities, particularly minerals gold, iron etc. Other commodities are unique to one civilization or the other; plants and animals unique to each planet, unique tech developed by one and not the other. Some restrictions: * Both planets have one currency or at least a dominant currency (like the USD) * Neither planet is in a "dominant" economic or technological position. * Travel between the planets takes a few days * There is a moderate level of trust in business dealings but it is not clear how laws apply to off worlders on each planet. Ideas I've toyed with: * comparable commodity-based exchange, ie. gold standard type exchanges, but this seems archaic for technologically advanced worlds and would anyone really want to transport heavy gold out of the gravity well of a planet * some type of crypto type exchange, but this seems problematic with distance and not very conducive to trade as the price fluctuates	2019/09/07	[ "https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/154695", "https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com", "https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/5101/" ]	Comparing commodities. Money, after all, is just an abstract representation of goods and services. The only reason any form of fiat currency has power is its ability to be swapped for either a good or a service. A way to get an idea at what the exchange rate would be is to just compare a common and frequently used commodity between the two and use it to set a benchmark. The trick is finding the commodity. Any metal that's used in equal measure would be useful, but suppose one planet is iron-rich and the other is iron-poor? Or perhaps one culture values gold whereas the other values silver? If both planets have the same amount of metals and use similar ways to process it, that would be the best, but that's not always the case. Services would actually be another good place to start. Figure out the 'living wage', as in how much money would be the bare minimum for living expenses i.e. food, clothing, shelter at a minimal level. Or plot a graph with the respective salaries for necessary jobs - like doctor, farmer, lawyer, etc. (Cue lawyer joke.) Take all that information together and you should get a pretty good idea of what the exchange rate should look like.	OK, let's think about it: * we have roughly market economies on both sides * we have not united planets with already non uniform jurisdiction => they must already have some rules governing [conflict of laws](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conflict_of_laws) or [law of the sea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_the_sea) * we have modern states, which detest any power vacuum and just in case would impose (or even usurp) their authority on everything closing by. (not mentioning that modern states would quite quickly at least start to establish some kind of relationship and working on treaties) So for practical purposes a space alien is a foreigner like any other, who while in your space is subject to local laws, but for many purposes concerning example technical certification of his ship is considered to be subject to his local laws, unless they are considered as outrageous. (In this case he is politely asked to comply with local laws or refused docking rights). I don't think that any high tech tech civilisation would barter much. It would be too cumbersome. Rather an alien would check what he can buy, whether there are any nasty restrictions, and if everything is fine would accept local currency with tendency to err on side of caution. Moreover, someone presumably would even demand from him some cash payment for tariffs or docking fees. If he didn't trust it, then he would just try to spend it all before leaving those barbarians. Exchange rate would be determined by the market and it would happen very fast. However, at first it would jump a lot, before stabilising. In a while all major currencies of the other world would be honoured.
154,695	There are two worlds of more or less equivalent technological level, say a difference of only a few decades and no more than 50 years. A first contact event occurs and after the hoopla dies down trading starts. Initially, barter is the primary form of trade but this quickly becomes cumbersome. How would the two economies first establish a currency exchange and exchange rate? Some commodities are similar and occur in similar quantities, particularly minerals gold, iron etc. Other commodities are unique to one civilization or the other; plants and animals unique to each planet, unique tech developed by one and not the other. Some restrictions: * Both planets have one currency or at least a dominant currency (like the USD) * Neither planet is in a "dominant" economic or technological position. * Travel between the planets takes a few days * There is a moderate level of trust in business dealings but it is not clear how laws apply to off worlders on each planet. Ideas I've toyed with: * comparable commodity-based exchange, ie. gold standard type exchanges, but this seems archaic for technologically advanced worlds and would anyone really want to transport heavy gold out of the gravity well of a planet * some type of crypto type exchange, but this seems problematic with distance and not very conducive to trade as the price fluctuates	2019/09/07	[ "https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/154695", "https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com", "https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/5101/" ]	You just pass laws on each world allowing the purchase and sale of the other world’s currency, with some sensible regulation to make sure people can’t get ripped off. Then the markets will establish the exchange rate and arrange the physical transport of any currency that actually needs to be moved, just like between two countries on Earth at present.	I was thinking, if they are different life beings and have different life standards and materials use, what they have in common? Because one of the civilizations could valerate gold, whereas the others simply don't care. But what they have in common? Both have difficulties and cost to travel between their two planets. The exchange rate could be a trip from one planet to the other. They can calculate the equivalent in 1kg per trip. I assume that the cost of travel is more or less the same in each civilization while being a little cheaper for the most advanced one. But they are more advanced, is logical they have a more valuable exchange. For example: A car cost 50,000€, and the European Union can put 1 kg in orbit for 9047€ (according to Wikipedia, Ariane 6 cargo capacity and approx launch cost are 10500 kg and € 95 million). The car cost (50000/9047 = 5.52) 5.52kg per trip. Meanwhile, in Russia, they are selling a laptop, about 40000 Russian Rubles. The Soyuz have a charge capacity of 7200kg and a cost of 3200 million Rubles. 1 kg per trip cost 444444 Rubles. The laptop cost 0.09 kg per trip. Those calculations are approximate and the capacity and the cost of the launches and capacity of the rockets are also approximate, the source is Wikipedia. If we convert the currency (the laptop cost approximately 600€, 40000 Rubles), the car is 83 times more valuable than the laptop. So, 0.09 kg per trip 83 times more, are 7,5 kg per trip. The Europeans have they car for 5,2 kg per trip. The exchange rate is 1.44 Russian kg per trip for 1 European kg per trip. I think it's a good ratio.
154,695	There are two worlds of more or less equivalent technological level, say a difference of only a few decades and no more than 50 years. A first contact event occurs and after the hoopla dies down trading starts. Initially, barter is the primary form of trade but this quickly becomes cumbersome. How would the two economies first establish a currency exchange and exchange rate? Some commodities are similar and occur in similar quantities, particularly minerals gold, iron etc. Other commodities are unique to one civilization or the other; plants and animals unique to each planet, unique tech developed by one and not the other. Some restrictions: * Both planets have one currency or at least a dominant currency (like the USD) * Neither planet is in a "dominant" economic or technological position. * Travel between the planets takes a few days * There is a moderate level of trust in business dealings but it is not clear how laws apply to off worlders on each planet. Ideas I've toyed with: * comparable commodity-based exchange, ie. gold standard type exchanges, but this seems archaic for technologically advanced worlds and would anyone really want to transport heavy gold out of the gravity well of a planet * some type of crypto type exchange, but this seems problematic with distance and not very conducive to trade as the price fluctuates	2019/09/07	[ "https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/154695", "https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com", "https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/5101/" ]	As bitcoin history shows, currency exchanges will emerge very quickly as soon as the currency is considered to have some nonzero value, despite exchange rate fluctuations. The rates on all these exchanges tend to quickly converge, and are used as a basis even for other people who trade directly. Even after failures of large exchanges like MtGox, the trade went on. Unlike Bitcoin, you have equivalent goods on both planets (gold, drinking water, rocket fuel, ...), so trader can use them to calculate the estimated value of foreign currency. When the interplanetary trade gets non-negligible and it gets regulated, these exchanges gradually enter the regulated regime and precautions to stabilize the exchange rate are made. I assume here both governemnts view the interplanetary trade as something good or neutral, not try to stop it.	I was thinking, if they are different life beings and have different life standards and materials use, what they have in common? Because one of the civilizations could valerate gold, whereas the others simply don't care. But what they have in common? Both have difficulties and cost to travel between their two planets. The exchange rate could be a trip from one planet to the other. They can calculate the equivalent in 1kg per trip. I assume that the cost of travel is more or less the same in each civilization while being a little cheaper for the most advanced one. But they are more advanced, is logical they have a more valuable exchange. For example: A car cost 50,000€, and the European Union can put 1 kg in orbit for 9047€ (according to Wikipedia, Ariane 6 cargo capacity and approx launch cost are 10500 kg and € 95 million). The car cost (50000/9047 = 5.52) 5.52kg per trip. Meanwhile, in Russia, they are selling a laptop, about 40000 Russian Rubles. The Soyuz have a charge capacity of 7200kg and a cost of 3200 million Rubles. 1 kg per trip cost 444444 Rubles. The laptop cost 0.09 kg per trip. Those calculations are approximate and the capacity and the cost of the launches and capacity of the rockets are also approximate, the source is Wikipedia. If we convert the currency (the laptop cost approximately 600€, 40000 Rubles), the car is 83 times more valuable than the laptop. So, 0.09 kg per trip 83 times more, are 7,5 kg per trip. The Europeans have they car for 5,2 kg per trip. The exchange rate is 1.44 Russian kg per trip for 1 European kg per trip. I think it's a good ratio.
154,695	There are two worlds of more or less equivalent technological level, say a difference of only a few decades and no more than 50 years. A first contact event occurs and after the hoopla dies down trading starts. Initially, barter is the primary form of trade but this quickly becomes cumbersome. How would the two economies first establish a currency exchange and exchange rate? Some commodities are similar and occur in similar quantities, particularly minerals gold, iron etc. Other commodities are unique to one civilization or the other; plants and animals unique to each planet, unique tech developed by one and not the other. Some restrictions: * Both planets have one currency or at least a dominant currency (like the USD) * Neither planet is in a "dominant" economic or technological position. * Travel between the planets takes a few days * There is a moderate level of trust in business dealings but it is not clear how laws apply to off worlders on each planet. Ideas I've toyed with: * comparable commodity-based exchange, ie. gold standard type exchanges, but this seems archaic for technologically advanced worlds and would anyone really want to transport heavy gold out of the gravity well of a planet * some type of crypto type exchange, but this seems problematic with distance and not very conducive to trade as the price fluctuates	2019/09/07	[ "https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/154695", "https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com", "https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/5101/" ]	I was thinking, if they are different life beings and have different life standards and materials use, what they have in common? Because one of the civilizations could valerate gold, whereas the others simply don't care. But what they have in common? Both have difficulties and cost to travel between their two planets. The exchange rate could be a trip from one planet to the other. They can calculate the equivalent in 1kg per trip. I assume that the cost of travel is more or less the same in each civilization while being a little cheaper for the most advanced one. But they are more advanced, is logical they have a more valuable exchange. For example: A car cost 50,000€, and the European Union can put 1 kg in orbit for 9047€ (according to Wikipedia, Ariane 6 cargo capacity and approx launch cost are 10500 kg and € 95 million). The car cost (50000/9047 = 5.52) 5.52kg per trip. Meanwhile, in Russia, they are selling a laptop, about 40000 Russian Rubles. The Soyuz have a charge capacity of 7200kg and a cost of 3200 million Rubles. 1 kg per trip cost 444444 Rubles. The laptop cost 0.09 kg per trip. Those calculations are approximate and the capacity and the cost of the launches and capacity of the rockets are also approximate, the source is Wikipedia. If we convert the currency (the laptop cost approximately 600€, 40000 Rubles), the car is 83 times more valuable than the laptop. So, 0.09 kg per trip 83 times more, are 7,5 kg per trip. The Europeans have they car for 5,2 kg per trip. The exchange rate is 1.44 Russian kg per trip for 1 European kg per trip. I think it's a good ratio.	During the barter phase, when you were trading a ship full of grain for some crates of microprocessors, you established the relative values of the commodities. Now that you have this information you can start trading with tokens, like the federal reserve notes. The parties will have to establish a clearing house for transactions, the parities between the tokens will have to be agreed upon, either by state decrees or by letting the tokens' value float in the markets or by having a common currency. Until you a have an agreed-upon clearing house you will still need to resort to barter.
154,695	There are two worlds of more or less equivalent technological level, say a difference of only a few decades and no more than 50 years. A first contact event occurs and after the hoopla dies down trading starts. Initially, barter is the primary form of trade but this quickly becomes cumbersome. How would the two economies first establish a currency exchange and exchange rate? Some commodities are similar and occur in similar quantities, particularly minerals gold, iron etc. Other commodities are unique to one civilization or the other; plants and animals unique to each planet, unique tech developed by one and not the other. Some restrictions: * Both planets have one currency or at least a dominant currency (like the USD) * Neither planet is in a "dominant" economic or technological position. * Travel between the planets takes a few days * There is a moderate level of trust in business dealings but it is not clear how laws apply to off worlders on each planet. Ideas I've toyed with: * comparable commodity-based exchange, ie. gold standard type exchanges, but this seems archaic for technologically advanced worlds and would anyone really want to transport heavy gold out of the gravity well of a planet * some type of crypto type exchange, but this seems problematic with distance and not very conducive to trade as the price fluctuates	2019/09/07	[ "https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/154695", "https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com", "https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/5101/" ]	Why have an exchange rate? Just deal in the local currency on whichever end of the trip I am at, and carry my wealth in the form of goods that will sell well at my next stop. Freight carriers don't like to run with empty holds, it is a waste of resources to sit still longer than necessary to unload and reload, and an even bigger waste to move while empty. I leave A with a hold full of cargo bound for B. When I get there I sell my cargo for B coin. I then turn around and buy new cargo using said B coin for my trip back to A. On the A side I do the same thing but with A dollars. If I am doing this regularly, I keep accounts on both ends of the trip in that planets currency. When I am ready to retire, or otherwise have a need to consolidate my wealth, I deliberately skew the relative value of my cargos so that A>B just covers the costs, while B>A lets me extract my savings and bring my profits home. Money is just a convenient means of representing the time and energy that goes into producing something. It only has value as long as all parties agree on what a unit represents. People on A will never see value in B coins, and B will never value A dollars, because they have a different reference base. The only ones who will see value in both are the people who move between places, and they will naturally define their own formula for relative worth base on what they can do with each currency in it's own place.	Comparing commodities. Money, after all, is just an abstract representation of goods and services. The only reason any form of fiat currency has power is its ability to be swapped for either a good or a service. A way to get an idea at what the exchange rate would be is to just compare a common and frequently used commodity between the two and use it to set a benchmark. The trick is finding the commodity. Any metal that's used in equal measure would be useful, but suppose one planet is iron-rich and the other is iron-poor? Or perhaps one culture values gold whereas the other values silver? If both planets have the same amount of metals and use similar ways to process it, that would be the best, but that's not always the case. Services would actually be another good place to start. Figure out the 'living wage', as in how much money would be the bare minimum for living expenses i.e. food, clothing, shelter at a minimal level. Or plot a graph with the respective salaries for necessary jobs - like doctor, farmer, lawyer, etc. (Cue lawyer joke.) Take all that information together and you should get a pretty good idea of what the exchange rate should look like.
154,695	There are two worlds of more or less equivalent technological level, say a difference of only a few decades and no more than 50 years. A first contact event occurs and after the hoopla dies down trading starts. Initially, barter is the primary form of trade but this quickly becomes cumbersome. How would the two economies first establish a currency exchange and exchange rate? Some commodities are similar and occur in similar quantities, particularly minerals gold, iron etc. Other commodities are unique to one civilization or the other; plants and animals unique to each planet, unique tech developed by one and not the other. Some restrictions: * Both planets have one currency or at least a dominant currency (like the USD) * Neither planet is in a "dominant" economic or technological position. * Travel between the planets takes a few days * There is a moderate level of trust in business dealings but it is not clear how laws apply to off worlders on each planet. Ideas I've toyed with: * comparable commodity-based exchange, ie. gold standard type exchanges, but this seems archaic for technologically advanced worlds and would anyone really want to transport heavy gold out of the gravity well of a planet * some type of crypto type exchange, but this seems problematic with distance and not very conducive to trade as the price fluctuates	2019/09/07	[ "https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/154695", "https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com", "https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/5101/" ]	As bitcoin history shows, currency exchanges will emerge very quickly as soon as the currency is considered to have some nonzero value, despite exchange rate fluctuations. The rates on all these exchanges tend to quickly converge, and are used as a basis even for other people who trade directly. Even after failures of large exchanges like MtGox, the trade went on. Unlike Bitcoin, you have equivalent goods on both planets (gold, drinking water, rocket fuel, ...), so trader can use them to calculate the estimated value of foreign currency. When the interplanetary trade gets non-negligible and it gets regulated, these exchanges gradually enter the regulated regime and precautions to stabilize the exchange rate are made. I assume here both governemnts view the interplanetary trade as something good or neutral, not try to stop it.	During the barter phase, when you were trading a ship full of grain for some crates of microprocessors, you established the relative values of the commodities. Now that you have this information you can start trading with tokens, like the federal reserve notes. The parties will have to establish a clearing house for transactions, the parities between the tokens will have to be agreed upon, either by state decrees or by letting the tokens' value float in the markets or by having a common currency. Until you a have an agreed-upon clearing house you will still need to resort to barter.
154,695	There are two worlds of more or less equivalent technological level, say a difference of only a few decades and no more than 50 years. A first contact event occurs and after the hoopla dies down trading starts. Initially, barter is the primary form of trade but this quickly becomes cumbersome. How would the two economies first establish a currency exchange and exchange rate? Some commodities are similar and occur in similar quantities, particularly minerals gold, iron etc. Other commodities are unique to one civilization or the other; plants and animals unique to each planet, unique tech developed by one and not the other. Some restrictions: * Both planets have one currency or at least a dominant currency (like the USD) * Neither planet is in a "dominant" economic or technological position. * Travel between the planets takes a few days * There is a moderate level of trust in business dealings but it is not clear how laws apply to off worlders on each planet. Ideas I've toyed with: * comparable commodity-based exchange, ie. gold standard type exchanges, but this seems archaic for technologically advanced worlds and would anyone really want to transport heavy gold out of the gravity well of a planet * some type of crypto type exchange, but this seems problematic with distance and not very conducive to trade as the price fluctuates	2019/09/07	[ "https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/154695", "https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com", "https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/5101/" ]	You just pass laws on each world allowing the purchase and sale of the other world’s currency, with some sensible regulation to make sure people can’t get ripped off. Then the markets will establish the exchange rate and arrange the physical transport of any currency that actually needs to be moved, just like between two countries on Earth at present.	During the barter phase, when you were trading a ship full of grain for some crates of microprocessors, you established the relative values of the commodities. Now that you have this information you can start trading with tokens, like the federal reserve notes. The parties will have to establish a clearing house for transactions, the parities between the tokens will have to be agreed upon, either by state decrees or by letting the tokens' value float in the markets or by having a common currency. Until you a have an agreed-upon clearing house you will still need to resort to barter.
154,695	There are two worlds of more or less equivalent technological level, say a difference of only a few decades and no more than 50 years. A first contact event occurs and after the hoopla dies down trading starts. Initially, barter is the primary form of trade but this quickly becomes cumbersome. How would the two economies first establish a currency exchange and exchange rate? Some commodities are similar and occur in similar quantities, particularly minerals gold, iron etc. Other commodities are unique to one civilization or the other; plants and animals unique to each planet, unique tech developed by one and not the other. Some restrictions: * Both planets have one currency or at least a dominant currency (like the USD) * Neither planet is in a "dominant" economic or technological position. * Travel between the planets takes a few days * There is a moderate level of trust in business dealings but it is not clear how laws apply to off worlders on each planet. Ideas I've toyed with: * comparable commodity-based exchange, ie. gold standard type exchanges, but this seems archaic for technologically advanced worlds and would anyone really want to transport heavy gold out of the gravity well of a planet * some type of crypto type exchange, but this seems problematic with distance and not very conducive to trade as the price fluctuates	2019/09/07	[ "https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/154695", "https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com", "https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/5101/" ]	Why have an exchange rate? Just deal in the local currency on whichever end of the trip I am at, and carry my wealth in the form of goods that will sell well at my next stop. Freight carriers don't like to run with empty holds, it is a waste of resources to sit still longer than necessary to unload and reload, and an even bigger waste to move while empty. I leave A with a hold full of cargo bound for B. When I get there I sell my cargo for B coin. I then turn around and buy new cargo using said B coin for my trip back to A. On the A side I do the same thing but with A dollars. If I am doing this regularly, I keep accounts on both ends of the trip in that planets currency. When I am ready to retire, or otherwise have a need to consolidate my wealth, I deliberately skew the relative value of my cargos so that A>B just covers the costs, while B>A lets me extract my savings and bring my profits home. Money is just a convenient means of representing the time and energy that goes into producing something. It only has value as long as all parties agree on what a unit represents. People on A will never see value in B coins, and B will never value A dollars, because they have a different reference base. The only ones who will see value in both are the people who move between places, and they will naturally define their own formula for relative worth base on what they can do with each currency in it's own place.	As bitcoin history shows, currency exchanges will emerge very quickly as soon as the currency is considered to have some nonzero value, despite exchange rate fluctuations. The rates on all these exchanges tend to quickly converge, and are used as a basis even for other people who trade directly. Even after failures of large exchanges like MtGox, the trade went on. Unlike Bitcoin, you have equivalent goods on both planets (gold, drinking water, rocket fuel, ...), so trader can use them to calculate the estimated value of foreign currency. When the interplanetary trade gets non-negligible and it gets regulated, these exchanges gradually enter the regulated regime and precautions to stabilize the exchange rate are made. I assume here both governemnts view the interplanetary trade as something good or neutral, not try to stop it.
4,672,619	Yahoo blocks emails from our website. We've written them to reverse that decision without much luck. So we block site registrations from @yahoo.com emails. Our problem is Yahoo has other email domains besides @yahoo.com. For instance @ymail.com, @rocketmail.com, @btinternet.com, and I'm sure many more. Plus international domains. So the question is, how do I check if an email domain belongs to Yahoo? I supposed I could try to find a definitive list of all Yahoo domains, but I'm sure there has to be a better way. For instance doing some kind of host lookup on the domain. Are there any suggestions to do that in PHP?	2011/01/12	[ "https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/4672619", "https://Stackoverflow.com", "https://Stackoverflow.com/users/401019/" ]	Definitive list is probably the best way to go. You don't want to have to do some kind of lookup every time someone registers for your site. But if you really don't want to use a static list, you should be able to use `getmxrr()` and see if the MX record is from yahoo.	ymail.com and rocketmail.com both list yahoo.com as their DNS MX servers, so that's an obvious giveaway. btinternet.com, however, doesn't. You can use [`getmxrr()`](http://php.net/manual/en/function.getmxrr.php) to retrieve the MX list
16,976,335	Assume we constructed a quicksort and the pivot value takes linear time. Find the recurrence for worst-case running time. My answer: T(n)= T(n-1) + T(1) + theta(n) Worst case occurs when the subarrays are completely unbalanced. There is 1 element in one subarray and (n-1) elements in the other subarray. theta(n) because it takes running time n to find the pivot. Am I doing this correctly?	2013/06/07	[ "https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/16976335", "https://Stackoverflow.com", "https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1855045/" ]	Your recurrence is mostly correct, but you don't actually have two recursive calls made. In the worst-case for quicksort, the pivot will be the largest or smallest element in the array, so you'll recur on one giant array of size n - 1. The other subarray has length 0, so no recursive calls are made. To top everything off, the total work done is Θ(n) per level, so the recurrence relation would more appropriately be > > T(n) = T(n - 1) + Θ(n) > > > This in turn then solves to Θ(n2). Hope this helps!	you cannot observe, because according to my research T(N)= T(N-K)+T(K-1)+n we cannot observe exact value until we have value of k,
16,976,335	Assume we constructed a quicksort and the pivot value takes linear time. Find the recurrence for worst-case running time. My answer: T(n)= T(n-1) + T(1) + theta(n) Worst case occurs when the subarrays are completely unbalanced. There is 1 element in one subarray and (n-1) elements in the other subarray. theta(n) because it takes running time n to find the pivot. Am I doing this correctly?	2013/06/07	[ "https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/16976335", "https://Stackoverflow.com", "https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1855045/" ]	Your recurrence is mostly correct, but you don't actually have two recursive calls made. In the worst-case for quicksort, the pivot will be the largest or smallest element in the array, so you'll recur on one giant array of size n - 1. The other subarray has length 0, so no recursive calls are made. To top everything off, the total work done is Θ(n) per level, so the recurrence relation would more appropriately be > > T(n) = T(n - 1) + Θ(n) > > > This in turn then solves to Θ(n2). Hope this helps!	T(n) = T(an/(a+b)) + T(bn/(a+b)) + n Where a/(a+b) and b/(a+b) are fractions of array under consideration
16,976,335	Assume we constructed a quicksort and the pivot value takes linear time. Find the recurrence for worst-case running time. My answer: T(n)= T(n-1) + T(1) + theta(n) Worst case occurs when the subarrays are completely unbalanced. There is 1 element in one subarray and (n-1) elements in the other subarray. theta(n) because it takes running time n to find the pivot. Am I doing this correctly?	2013/06/07	[ "https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/16976335", "https://Stackoverflow.com", "https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1855045/" ]	you cannot observe, because according to my research T(N)= T(N-K)+T(K-1)+n we cannot observe exact value until we have value of k,	T(n) = T(an/(a+b)) + T(bn/(a+b)) + n Where a/(a+b) and b/(a+b) are fractions of array under consideration
173,176	What is a Journaling file system? Even wikipedia doesn't give much information. Apart from NTFS which other file systems(on Windows / Linux) support journaling and how does it give a performance boost?	2010/08/22	[ "https://serverfault.com/questions/173176", "https://serverfault.com", "https://serverfault.com/users/23923/" ]	A journaling filesystem records changes to the filesystem before it actually performs them. In this way it is able to recover after a failure (e.g. power fail) with minimal loss of data. The [Features](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_file_systems#Features) section of Wikipedia's comparison of filesystems gives which are journaled. Journaling does not give a performance boost. In fact, the journaling operationn reduces the speed slightly, in exchange for the above reliability.	The wikipedia article on [Journaling file system](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journaling_file_system) contains a lot more details on what it is, how it works, and why.
173,176	What is a Journaling file system? Even wikipedia doesn't give much information. Apart from NTFS which other file systems(on Windows / Linux) support journaling and how does it give a performance boost?	2010/08/22	[ "https://serverfault.com/questions/173176", "https://serverfault.com", "https://serverfault.com/users/23923/" ]	A journaling filesystem records changes to the filesystem before it actually performs them. In this way it is able to recover after a failure (e.g. power fail) with minimal loss of data. The [Features](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_file_systems#Features) section of Wikipedia's comparison of filesystems gives which are journaled. Journaling does not give a performance boost. In fact, the journaling operationn reduces the speed slightly, in exchange for the above reliability.	In essence, what a journaling file system does is add an extra level of abstraction between the hard drive and the operating system. Rather than perform operations directly on the disk, it keeps track of what it's trying to do first, then whether or not it succeeds. For example, if you wanted to move a file from one drive to another, the procedure would look something like the following: * Physically copy old file to new location * Update directory entry on new drive * Remove directory entry from old drive * Free space on old drive Exact process is filesystem dependent, but you get the idea. This would normally work fine, but in the off chance of a system crash, things could be interrupted halfway through. You may end up with the file physically copied, but no directory entry pointing to it. You may end up with the directory reference removed on the old drive, but the space not freed. In some cases, you may end up with a corrupted filesystem which won't even work anymore because a directory entry is only partially written. In other words, a lot can go wrong. A journalled file system would use the same basic procedure, with a few additional steps. Something like: * Journal entry: Moving file from A to B + Physically copy old file to new location + Update directory entry on new drive + Remove directory entry from old drive + Free space on old drive * Journal entry: Done moving file from A to B If this process gets interrupted for any reason, such as a system crash, the filesystem now knows what was in progress, and whether it completed or not. It can then recover quickly and gracefully, either by trying to complete the transaction from the beginning, or by putting the filesystem back to the state it was in before. All this without needing to resort to a block-by-block check of the filesystem to find errors, which can be painfully time-consuming given the size of modern hard drives. This can significantly improve the robustness of the filesystem, and speed up recovery time in the case of failure. Different levels of reliability can be gained by changing the granularity of the journal entries -- this again is filesystem dependent. Since journalling inevitably involves more steps than the alternative, there would not be any performance boost unless you feel like crashing a lot. However, the difference in performance is often negligible compared to the advantages.
173,176	What is a Journaling file system? Even wikipedia doesn't give much information. Apart from NTFS which other file systems(on Windows / Linux) support journaling and how does it give a performance boost?	2010/08/22	[ "https://serverfault.com/questions/173176", "https://serverfault.com", "https://serverfault.com/users/23923/" ]	A journaling filesystem records changes to the filesystem before it actually performs them. In this way it is able to recover after a failure (e.g. power fail) with minimal loss of data. The [Features](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_file_systems#Features) section of Wikipedia's comparison of filesystems gives which are journaled. Journaling does not give a performance boost. In fact, the journaling operationn reduces the speed slightly, in exchange for the above reliability.	A journaling filesystem is a term being misused widely for filesystems that are not, after all, journaling. What "journaling" means in the context of filesystems is that the filesystem is capable of recovering from crashes and power losses to a consistent state. It does not mean a performance boost, it doesn't mean that the filesystem recovers to a complete snapshot some time before the crash, it doesn't even mean that there wouldn't be a "filesystem check" style operation to recover after a crash.
173,176	What is a Journaling file system? Even wikipedia doesn't give much information. Apart from NTFS which other file systems(on Windows / Linux) support journaling and how does it give a performance boost?	2010/08/22	[ "https://serverfault.com/questions/173176", "https://serverfault.com", "https://serverfault.com/users/23923/" ]	In essence, what a journaling file system does is add an extra level of abstraction between the hard drive and the operating system. Rather than perform operations directly on the disk, it keeps track of what it's trying to do first, then whether or not it succeeds. For example, if you wanted to move a file from one drive to another, the procedure would look something like the following: * Physically copy old file to new location * Update directory entry on new drive * Remove directory entry from old drive * Free space on old drive Exact process is filesystem dependent, but you get the idea. This would normally work fine, but in the off chance of a system crash, things could be interrupted halfway through. You may end up with the file physically copied, but no directory entry pointing to it. You may end up with the directory reference removed on the old drive, but the space not freed. In some cases, you may end up with a corrupted filesystem which won't even work anymore because a directory entry is only partially written. In other words, a lot can go wrong. A journalled file system would use the same basic procedure, with a few additional steps. Something like: * Journal entry: Moving file from A to B + Physically copy old file to new location + Update directory entry on new drive + Remove directory entry from old drive + Free space on old drive * Journal entry: Done moving file from A to B If this process gets interrupted for any reason, such as a system crash, the filesystem now knows what was in progress, and whether it completed or not. It can then recover quickly and gracefully, either by trying to complete the transaction from the beginning, or by putting the filesystem back to the state it was in before. All this without needing to resort to a block-by-block check of the filesystem to find errors, which can be painfully time-consuming given the size of modern hard drives. This can significantly improve the robustness of the filesystem, and speed up recovery time in the case of failure. Different levels of reliability can be gained by changing the granularity of the journal entries -- this again is filesystem dependent. Since journalling inevitably involves more steps than the alternative, there would not be any performance boost unless you feel like crashing a lot. However, the difference in performance is often negligible compared to the advantages.	The wikipedia article on [Journaling file system](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journaling_file_system) contains a lot more details on what it is, how it works, and why.
173,176	What is a Journaling file system? Even wikipedia doesn't give much information. Apart from NTFS which other file systems(on Windows / Linux) support journaling and how does it give a performance boost?	2010/08/22	[ "https://serverfault.com/questions/173176", "https://serverfault.com", "https://serverfault.com/users/23923/" ]	In essence, what a journaling file system does is add an extra level of abstraction between the hard drive and the operating system. Rather than perform operations directly on the disk, it keeps track of what it's trying to do first, then whether or not it succeeds. For example, if you wanted to move a file from one drive to another, the procedure would look something like the following: * Physically copy old file to new location * Update directory entry on new drive * Remove directory entry from old drive * Free space on old drive Exact process is filesystem dependent, but you get the idea. This would normally work fine, but in the off chance of a system crash, things could be interrupted halfway through. You may end up with the file physically copied, but no directory entry pointing to it. You may end up with the directory reference removed on the old drive, but the space not freed. In some cases, you may end up with a corrupted filesystem which won't even work anymore because a directory entry is only partially written. In other words, a lot can go wrong. A journalled file system would use the same basic procedure, with a few additional steps. Something like: * Journal entry: Moving file from A to B + Physically copy old file to new location + Update directory entry on new drive + Remove directory entry from old drive + Free space on old drive * Journal entry: Done moving file from A to B If this process gets interrupted for any reason, such as a system crash, the filesystem now knows what was in progress, and whether it completed or not. It can then recover quickly and gracefully, either by trying to complete the transaction from the beginning, or by putting the filesystem back to the state it was in before. All this without needing to resort to a block-by-block check of the filesystem to find errors, which can be painfully time-consuming given the size of modern hard drives. This can significantly improve the robustness of the filesystem, and speed up recovery time in the case of failure. Different levels of reliability can be gained by changing the granularity of the journal entries -- this again is filesystem dependent. Since journalling inevitably involves more steps than the alternative, there would not be any performance boost unless you feel like crashing a lot. However, the difference in performance is often negligible compared to the advantages.	A journaling filesystem is a term being misused widely for filesystems that are not, after all, journaling. What "journaling" means in the context of filesystems is that the filesystem is capable of recovering from crashes and power losses to a consistent state. It does not mean a performance boost, it doesn't mean that the filesystem recovers to a complete snapshot some time before the crash, it doesn't even mean that there wouldn't be a "filesystem check" style operation to recover after a crash.
869,154	I really wonder if an IP Address with all its bits off can be used or not. Please do answer if you know where its used or it can not be used.	2015/01/25	[ "https://superuser.com/questions/869154", "https://superuser.com", "https://superuser.com/users/411506/" ]	Reference [IP Addresses With Special Meanings](http://www.tcpipguide.com/free/t_IPAddressesWithSpecialMeanings-2.htm) : > > 0.0.0.0 > > > “Me”: (Alternately, “this host”, or “the current/default host”). Used by a device to refer to itself when it doesn't know its > own IP address. The most common use is when a device attempts to > determine its address using a host-configuration protocol like DHCP. > May also be used to indicate that any address of a multihomed host may > be used. > > > Reference [What is the meaning of the IP address 0.0.0.0](http://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/linux-networking-3/what-is-the-meaning-of-the-ip-address-0-0-0-0-a-716643/): > > "0.0.0.0" is a valid address syntax. So it should parse as valid > wherever an IP address in traditional dotted-decimal notation is > expected. Once parsed, and converted to workable numeric form, then > its value determines what happens next. > > > The all-zero value does have a special meaning. So it is "valid", but > has a meaning that may not be appropriate (and thus treated as not > valid) for particular circumstances. It is basically the "no > particular address" placeholder. For things like address binding of > network connections, the result can be to assign an appropriate > interface address to the connection. If you are using it to configure > an interface, it can remove an address from the interface, instead. It > depends on the context of use to determine what "no particular > address" really does. > > > In the context of a route entry, it usually means the default route. > That happens as a result more of the address mask, which selects the > bits to compare. A mask of "0.0.0.0" selects no bits, so the compare > will always succeed. So when such a route is configured, there is > always somewhere for packets to go (if configured with a valid > destination). > > > In some cases, merely "0" will also work and have the same effect. But > this is not guaranteed. The "0.0.0.0" form is the standard way to say > "no particular address" (in IPv6 that is "::0" or just "::"). > > > Reference [0.0.0.0](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/0.0.0.0): > > In the Internet Protocol version 4 the address 0.0.0.0 is a > non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown or non > applicable target. To give a special meaning to an otherwise invalid > piece of data is an application of in-band signaling. > > > Uses include: > > > * The address a host claims as its own when it has not yet been assigned an address. Such as when sending the initial DHCPDISCOVER > > packet when using DHCP. > * The address a host assigns to itself when address request via DHCP has failed, provided the host's IP stack supports this. This usage has been replaced with the APIPA mechanism in modern operating > > systems. > * A way to specify "any IPv4-host at all". It is used in this way when specifying a default route. > * A way to explicitly specify that the target is unavailable.[1](https://i.stack.imgur.com/UORYD.png) > * A way to specify "any IPv4 address at all". It is used in this way when configuring servers (i.e. when binding listening sockets). > This is known to TCP programmers as INADDR\_ANY. (bind(2) binds to > > addresses, not interfaces.) > > > In IPv6, the all-zeros-address is written as "::". > > > DHCP Discovery/Request: Reference [Understanding and Troubleshooting DHCP in Catalyst Switch or Enterprise Networks](http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/ip/dynamic-address-allocation-resolution/27470-100.html) > > When a client boots up for the first time, it is said to be in the > Initializing state, and transmits a DHCPDISCOVER message on its local > physical subnet over User Datagram Protocol (UDP) port 67 (BootP > server). Since the client has no way of knowing the subnet to which it > belongs, the DHCPDISCOVER is an all subnets broadcast (destination IP > address of 255.255.255.255), with a source IP address of 0.0.0.0. The > source IP address is 0.0.0.0, since the client does not have a > configured IP address. If a DHCP server exists on this local subnet > and is configured and operating correctly, the DHCP server will hear > the broadcast and respond with a DHCPOFFER message. If a DHCP server > does not exist on the local subnet, there must be a DHCP/BootP Relay > Agent on this local subnet to forward the DHCPDISCOVER message to a > subnet that contains a DHCP server. > > > This relay agent can either be a dedicated host (for example, > Microsoft Windows Server), or router (for example, a Cisco router > configured with interface level IP helper statements). > > > ... > > After the client receives a DHCPOFFER, it responds with a DHCPREQUEST message, indicating its intent to accept the parameters in the DHCPOFFER, and moves into the Requesting state. The client may receive multiple DHCPOFFER messages, one from each DHCP server that received the original DHCPDISCOVER message. The client chooses one DHCPOFFER and responds to that DHCP server only, implicitly declining all other DHCPOFFER messages. The client identifies the selected server by populating the Server Identifier option field with the DHCP server's IP address. The DHCPREQUEST is also a broadcast, so all DHCP servers that sent a DHCPOFFER will see the DHCPREQUEST, and each will know whether its DHCPOFFER was accepted or declined. Any additional configuration options that the client requires will be included in the options field of the DHCPREQUEST message. Even though the client has been offered an IP address, it will send the DHCPREQUEST message with a source IP address of 0.0.0.0. At this time, the client has not yet received verification that it is clear to use the IP address. > > > ... > > Client-Server Conversation for Client Obtaining DHCP Address Where Client and DHCP Server Reside on Same Subnet > > > ![enter image description here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/UORYD.png) > > > Default Route: Reference [Configuring a Gateway of Last Resort Using IP Commands](http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/ip/routing-information-protocol-rip/16448-default.html) > > This document explains how to configure a default route, or gateway of > last resort. These IP commands are used: > > > * ip default-gateway > * ip default-network > * and ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 > > > ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 > > > Creating a static route to network 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 is another way to > set the gateway of last resort on a router. As with the ip > default-network command, using the static route to 0.0.0.0 is not > dependent on any routing protocols. However, ip routing must be > enabled on the router. > > > Note: IGRP does not understand a route to 0.0.0.0. Therefore, it > cannot propagate default routes created using the ip route 0.0.0.0 > 0.0.0.0 command. Use the ip default-network command to have IGRP propagate a default route. > > >	Thanks for looking into it but i found the answer. For your knowledge and mine as well, i would like to tell that 0.0.0.0 IP address is used when a new network is formed and the DHCP server is on in that network, so as it a new network none of the workstations is having its own IP , so to configure and get the IP computer generates the packet with Source IP 0.0.0.0 and this packet is automatically received to DHCP server as per configuration.
2,697,152	I'm looking for a decent WPF or Winform time range selector, much like a home central heating system, where a time range is selectable. <http://lhill.com.au/l%20hill%20web%20page%20pictures/time%20clock%202.jpg> Is there any GUI libraries or examples available to fulfill this need?	2010/04/23	[ "https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2697152", "https://Stackoverflow.com", "https://Stackoverflow.com/users/271200/" ]	You are mixing up variables, references and objects. Doing `delete y;` removes the variable y. As the variable no longer exists, it will naturally no longer have a value. Thus the reference that the variable contained is gone. Removing the variable will however not in itself remove the object that it was referencing. The array still contains a reference to the object, and neither of those depend on the existance of the variable. There is actually no way of removing the object directly. You remove objects by destroying all references to it, not the other way around. You want the object to remove it's references, which is simply not how it works.	That's not how `delete` works. It will delete the object reference you pass to it - not any other references to the same object. You're looking for something like a "weak reference" here and I'm not aware of any ways of implementing those in JavaScript.
138,562	Warning: Massive spoilers ahead for those who haven't read A Dance With Dragons. Don't proceed if you do not wish to be spoiled. --- In A Dance With Dragons Epilogue, we see the following conversation between Kevan Lannister and Varys: > > "Aegon?" For a moment he did not understand. Then he remembered. A > babe swaddled in a crimson cloak, the cloth stained with his blood and > brains. > > > "Dead. He's dead." > > > "No." The eunuch's voice seemed deeper. "He is here." > > > Before that, Aegon explains to Tyrion how he escaped King's Landing: > > “A true friend, our Lord Connington. He must be, to remain so fiercely > loyal to the grandson of the king who took his lands and titles and > sent him into exile. A pity about that. Elsewise Prince Rhaegar’s > friend might have been on hand when my father sacked King’s Landing, > to save Prince Rhaegar’s precious little son from getting his royal > brains dashed out against a wall.” > > > The lad flushed. “That was not me. I told you. That was some > tanner’s son from Pisswater Bend whose mother died birthing him. His > father sold him to Lord Varys for a jug of Arbor gold. He had other > sons but had never tasted Arbor gold. Varys gave the Pisswater boy to > my lady mother and carried me away.” > > > “Aye.” Tyrion moved his elephants. “And when the pisswater prince was > safely dead, the eunuch smuggled you across the narrow sea to his > fat friend the cheesemonger, who hid you on a poleboat and found an > exile lord willing to call himself your father. It does make for a > splendid story, and the singers will make much of your escape once you > take the Iron Throne … assuming that our fair Daenerys takes you for > her consort.” > > > Of course it makes a splendid story but then the question arises, Why couldn't Varys save Rhaenys as well? Rhaenys was important because: 1. She was Aegon's heir if any mishap was to befall their uncle Viserys (Targaryens prefer male succession in aftermath of Dance of Dragons. See succession of King Viserys II despite claims of sisters of King Baelor). 2. She was potential bride for Aegon. But yet, she was left to her fate, apparently while her younger brother was saved. Finding a silver-haired babe is no small deed. Sure there are bound to be silver-haired bastards sired by Lyseni Sailors on Whores of King's Landing (Yet this boy was supposedly sold by his father, not mother) but Rhaenys had common hair and looks and would have been easier to be replaced with a body double as compared to the typical Targaryen Princeling Aegon. Yet there was no effort at all. Princess Elia was with "fake" Aegon when Gregor Clegane broke into her room. So if Varys' story is correct, She must have been taken into confidence by the eunuch. How on earth did Varys manage to make a mother agree to leaving her one child to beasts like Amory Lorch while saving the other? It is clear nevertheless, Varys never made any substantial effort to save the princess as well, if he made any efforts at all. How does Varys explain that? Does he ever?1 Because I don't remember anything like Varys talking about Princess Rhaenys except the little speech he gave to Eddard Stark regarding her murder and her kitten. Then of course there are other indicators, suggesting that [Varys may have been lying altogether (Linked post contains similar level of spoilers)](https://scifi.stackexchange.com/a/131317/54887). It is just very disconcerting that no one, be it Tyrion, Jon Connington or Aegon himself raises this question that why couldn't Rhaenys be saved as well? --- 1. If he doesn't, We Do not Know yet is a perfectly valid answer until we do.	2016/08/22	[ "https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/138562", "https://scifi.stackexchange.com", "https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/54887/" ]	There's a plethora of reasons that Varys could have said to convince people that Rhaenys wasn't able to be saved. I don't think there is canon evidence for the reasoning he may have given, but we can speculate: * She wasn't as important As you said in the question, male heirs are preferred over their female counterparts. Whilst ensuring that Aegon would have had a relative to wed to keep the bloodline pure, that probably wasn't a priority when the possibility of having their entire family wiped out was upon them. This means that he may have just expended more effort in rescuing Aegon than Rhaenys, and she was collateral damage in order to make the deception more believable. Having the corpse of one child would make everyone else more likely to believe that the other is also who they were supposed to be, and people wouldn't look as closely at the baby to make sure it was the right child. * He tried, but couldn't save her Ned was captured and Sansa was taken hostage in aGoT, yet Arya managed to escape. Similarly, Varys may have had a plan to rescue them both firmly in place, along with replicas, yet when the time came he wasn't able to get to Rhaenys and decided to not risk Aegon's life in order to look for her. * He couldn't find a replacement He says he bought a baby from a man in exchange for wine, as the guy had other sons, but how many people would give up their (8 year old?) child for such a fee, or for anything? If they raised her for that long, it's unlikely that they would give her up to an unknown fate. It would have been much more difficult to find a replacement child for her than for a baby, particularly one who looks convincingly enough like her to hold up to scrutiny. She would have been at court for years, so many lords would know her face, as opposed to a newborn that most people wouldn't recognize. * It was harder to conceal a child than a baby Carrying around a baby, as long as it doesn't cry, can be hidden quite easily under a large cloak (a disguise Varys makes use of on several occasions). It would be trivial to get Aegon out of the city without anyone paying attention to Varys, and also smuggling the replacement in. However, it would be much more difficult to smuggle out a young girl, particularly if his deception was revealed and people were looking for the escapees. In addition, he would have had to have found a way to get a young girl into the castle without arousing suspicion before taking a different one out without anybody asking questions. If there was any hint of such things happening and he was caught, they would all have been killed.	Why doesn't he explain why he didn't save her? ---------------------------------------------- No-one asks. Why doesn't anyone ask? Well, the story about saving Aegon on it's own is already audacious and daring enough. As Tyrion said in your quote: > > It does make for a splendid story, and the singers will make much of your escape > > > It's already potentially the stuff of legend. It's just not very common to react to the revelation that someone did something audacious and stunning by demanding to know why they didn't do another even more audacious and stunning thing at the same time. This isn't a cheesy superhero movie where the expectation is that if someone has to choose between saving one of two people against formidable odds, they'll somehow contrive to save both while delivering a pithy one-liner. This is a world where heroes struggling to choose who to save against formidable odds typically fail to save either and die a tragic failure. Why did he actually not save her? ----------------------------------- If the plan was real, adding Rhaenys would have more than doubled the risk of failure (since she's more difficult to swap and to smuggle), without more than doubling the dynastic "rewards": the law of diminishing returns applies to heirs as much as it does economics, and while two heirs are better than one, they're not more than twice as good. Diminishing returns doesn't apply to the intrinsic value of human lives - but hey, this is Varys we're talking about, that's never been his concern. Big problems with substituting her: * Children are more recognisable than babies. What if the person who charged into that bedroom wasn't a murderous brute, but was someone capable of saying "Hang on, why does the princess have another girl's face?". Or, more likely, a diligent solider who takes the princess captive and brings her somewhere someone who would recognise the princess sees her, e.g. a high ranking lord or someone at court who defects like Pycelle, Barristand and Jaime (and Varys!) did. * Then there's the period after the substitution while the war is still ongoing. How do you prevent anyone who knows the princess from seeing the princess's face, or hearing her voice, for an unknown period of time? Very few people can be in on the deception, since some will defect and could use this secret to save their necks. * The baby's silver hair isn't that big an issue. There are heaps of examples of characters successfully disguising (non-baby) hair with dye or shaving. * Smuggling a recognisable child princess out of a city without being recognised is also much, much harder than smuggling a baby. Shave the kid if you're worried about the silver hair, but you can't change a princess's face or make a frightened, confused young child princess convincingly impersonate a commoner overnight. What do you do if she throws a Royal Tantrum when served a bowl of brown on a dirty, smelly ship, instead of nutmeg-roasted lamb? Substituting babies is so easy, we see people do it for real with Gilly's and Mance's kids, and get away with it. Varys isn't in the habit of taking big risks to save someone out of kindness when the risk/benefit analysis is unfavourable, as he made clear while telling Ned that he could rescue him, but wouldn't. Gilly and Val agreed (reluctantly) to a baby swap to save a baby, so it's not something people wouldn't consider. That's if the plan was real... Were either of them rescued at all? ----------------------------------- Personally, I'm of the view that there are many little holes and out-of-character oddities in Varys's account, and the simplest explanation is that the whole thing is a convenient cover story and good PR for (probably) a conveniently located orphaned Blackfyre (or maybe a Dayne). But that's a whole other question... there are heaps of theories as you well know! One thing that goes for all of them, however, is that Varys being unsure if Westerosi lords would buy his story gives us an explanation for what otherwise appears to be an uncharacteristic "Bond villain" moment with Kevan, where he needlessly takes a risk by telling an adversary his plan before killing them. If the whole thing is a lie, this is actually a smart move: testing if it's a good enough lie to take in an intelligent, level-headed lord like Kevan. If he sees through the lie, meh, he's dead anyway, and you learned that you need to raise your game. But we're getting speculative now, so let's stop...
5,882,957	> > Possible Duplicate: > > [Java tree data-structure?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3522454/java-tree-data-structure) > > > Is there any Java data structure implementation similar to tree and graph?	2011/05/04	[ "https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/5882957", "https://Stackoverflow.com", "https://Stackoverflow.com/users/236501/" ]	Not in the `java.util` Collections API. You can use the [DefaultTreeModel](http://download.oracle.com/javase/1.4.2/docs/api/javax/swing/tree/DefaultTreeModel.html) from Swing for trees. [Jung](http://jung.sourceforge.net/) is a graph framework.	As I [answered for a similar question](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4978487/why-java-collection-framework-doesnt-contain-tree-and-graph/4979522#4979522), the Java API contains no general API for trees/graphs, since there is no unique set of features needed in every usecase. There are quite some tree/graph-like APIs for special cases, though. And in principle it is easy to make your own graph - one could even say that every object is in fact a node in a graph, with the values of its reference type fields being the (outgoing) neighbors.
2,614,677	I want implement in my software solution an VBA editor but in c# 3.0. VBA edtior (vb 6.5) is obsolete. Microsoft have a solution for create macros and scripts editor for .net? if not how to implement a like solution?	2010/04/10	[ "https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2614677", "https://Stackoverflow.com", "https://Stackoverflow.com/users/127891/" ]	You are probably looking for VSTA, [Visual Studio Tools for Applications](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/vstudio/aa700828.aspx), which provides an IDE for .NET languages that can be integrated with your application similar to the VBA IDE.	<http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/vstudio/aa700828.aspx> <http://www.winwrap.com/web/basic/default.asp>
185,932	I have a used iPhone 4 with 16GB of memory in it, running IOS 7.1.2. The problem with this iPhone is that the volume is really quiet whenever i'm playing music or making a call and setting the caller on the speaker. The volume is currently at it's max (by tapping the buttons on the side). ![enter image description here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/MFtZ0.jpg) Note: I haven't used the "broken" iPhone for this screenshot, this was just for showing what I did to increase the volume to the max. I have tried rebooting the device a couple of times already, this didn't work. What do (or can) I have to do to make the speaker play at a decent volume again? Do I have to replace it?	2015/05/06	[ "https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/185932", "https://apple.stackexchange.com", "https://apple.stackexchange.com/users/126759/" ]	The general answer is > > "just be sure to paste into an unoccupied area of the Keynote slide" > > > My issue was that I was trying to paste into an area already occupied by a textbox. It may not be obvious due to a bunch of blank lines that make the box extend longer than immediately apparent.	Be sure you are on the slide by clicking into it. The universal keyboard Command + V should pass your image. If that doesn't work then be sure you actually have something copied to the clipboard. Alternatively you can easily drag and drop an image onto a slide.
93,364	I'm studying for my AIRAT (Instructor Written) in Canada using Nizus, but I've always had trouble answering the questions about takeoff distances at 27 ºC when given [a chart](https://i.imgur.com/9HnYWR3.png) with 20 ºC and 30 ºC, even since the start of PPL. I want to understand it properly so I can effectively teach my students who have troubles with it. The question is a two-parter, first calculating a takeoff distance with the following values: \| Parameter \| Value \| \| --- \| --- \| \| Airport Temp \| 30 ºC \| \| Airport Elevation \| 3000' AMSL \| \| Altimeter \| 30.92 inHg \| \| Wind \| 10 kt tailwind \| \| Flaps \| 10º \| \| Runway \| Dry grass \| With a pressure altitude of 2089', the nearest values are the 2000' and 3000'. I used the 2000' line of the chart. At 2000' at 20 ºC the ground roll is 1080' and the total to clear a 50' obstacle is 1895'. At 30 ºC it's 1155' and 2030'. The chart says it's configured as follows: 2300 lbs, flaps 10, full power prior to brake release on a paved level dry runway with no wind. The notes state: Headwind subtract 10% per 9kts Tailwind add 10% every 2kts up to 10kts Dry, Grass Runway or Gravel add 15% to ground roll. At 30 ºC I calculate my takeoff distance being 3305'. --- The second part asks by how much the takeoff distance will decrease if the temperature drops to 27 ºC. I'm doing something wrong here as I calculate it to be 3250', with a distance change of 55', but that isn't an available answer. How do I get the proper numbers to use at 27 ºC?	2022/05/28	[ "https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/93364", "https://aviation.stackexchange.com", "https://aviation.stackexchange.com/users/63711/" ]	I am getting a takeoff distance of 3,502' for a takeoff over 50 FT on a grass strip with a 10-kt tailwind. > > 2,030' \* 1.5 \* 1.15 = 3,502' > > > To interpolate you will need to figure out the percentage between the two temperatures. > > (27-20) / (30-20) = 70% > > > We take the difference between the chart values for 20 and 30 degrees > > 3,502' - 3,267' = 235' > > > Multiply this value by the percentage > > 235 \* .7 = 164.5' > > > Since we subtracted the 27 from the lower value we will add in this number ot the lower chart value > > 3,267 + 164.5 = 3,432 > > > This is a difference of 70 feet.	Pressure altitude with Kollsman at 30.92 would be 3000 feet - 1000 feet = 2000 feet. Dry grass only affects ground roll. Distance to clear 50' obstacle at 30 C : 2030 feet Ground roll distance: 1155 feet 30 C with 10 knot tailwind: 2030 × 1.50 = 3045 feet Ground roll with tailwind: 1155 × 1.5 = 1732 feet Ground roll with tailwind and grass: 1732 × 1.15 = 1992 feet difference: 1992 - 1732 = 260 feet more > > Total distance to clear 50' at 30 C: 3045 + 260 = 3305 feet > > > Distance to clear 50' obstacle at 20C: 1895 feet Ground roll distance: 1080 feet 20C with 10 knot tailwind: 1895 × 1.5 = 2842 feet Ground roll with tailwind: 1080 × 1.5 = 1621 feet Ground roll with tailwind and grass: 1621 × 1.15 = 1864 feet difference: 1864 - 1621 = 243 feet more > > Total distance to clear 50' at 20 C: 2842 + 243 = 3085 feet > > > 3305 - 3085 = 220 feet 220 feet÷10C = 22 feet per degree > > 22 feet per degree × 3 C = around 66 feet less at 27 C > > > Answers of 3305 feet and 66 feet difference seem ok!
323,640	I want to supply a microcontroller with 4x AA alkaline batteries or via USB, with the USB source being dominant. Meaning when USB is on, the batteries should be disconnected. For the USB path, I intend to use a Schottky diode. For the battery path, I initially thought about using a "ORing" IC or one of those "powerpath" controllers. The problem with most of the ones I've seen so far is, that they only have one integrated FET, so there could be a reverse current flowing into the battery when the batteries drop below the USB voltage and the forward voltage of the FET body diode. I want to use two back to back FETs with common source, but I'm not sure what driver would be suitable. One way I thought of would be to use a MOSFET driver like MAX1614 and let it drive two FETs. But the MAX1614 only goes down to 5V Vin which would be too high. Something like 4V would be better to get the most out of the batteries. Vin is between 4V and at least >7V, if possible >12V. But most of the drivers I find are for lowside configurations and some barely go above 5.5V. Then there would be ones like the MAX5048 or the MAX15070 that go down to 4V. Or I could use an ORing controller with external FETs, something like a LTC4412 or LTC4359 (looks like the 4359 is hard to get in Germany) and then use the enable pin to shut them down when the USB voltage is present. I tried to design a discrete circuit with MOSFETs and transistors but that didn't work very well, I lack the experience. Does someone have tips or ideas on a good approach, or alternative MOSFET driver ICs? Edit: This was my general idea for a discrete circuit, but I didn't choose proper parts yet. When I simulate this in LTSpice, I get a huge spike for Vout when it switches from USB to Batt. (from ~4.7V down to 0V and back up to 4V) I think an output capacitor is needed to prevent that spike. ![schematic](https://i.stack.imgur.com/CiuCk.png) [simulate this circuit](/plugins/schematics?image=http%3a%2f%2fi.stack.imgur.com%2fCiuCk.png) – Schematic created using [CircuitLab](https://www.circuitlab.com/)	2017/08/12	[ "https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/323640", "https://electronics.stackexchange.com", "https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/152813/" ]	Use this circuit, when USB is active it took power from USB. ![schematic](https://i.stack.imgur.com/J91m9.png) [simulate this circuit](/plugins/schematics?image=http%3a%2f%2fi.stack.imgur.com%2fJ91m9.png) – Schematic created using [CircuitLab](https://www.circuitlab.com/)	I think this will work. The only drawback is that maybe M1 and M2 will turn on just a little bit when VBATT is high, even though VBUS is present. This could lead to the batteries discharging just a bit. They will stop discharging when the voltage drops a little. This can be partially controlled by selecting M1 and M2 with kind of medium range Vgs(th). Another alternative is a more complicated arrangement for switching the gates of M1 and M2. Maybe a buffer powered directly from VBAT, with VBUS as the input. This could insure that the gates get fully turned off when VBUS is present. ![schematic](https://i.stack.imgur.com/dmkSh.png) [simulate this circuit](/plugins/schematics?image=http%3a%2f%2fi.stack.imgur.com%2fdmkSh.png) – Schematic created using [CircuitLab](https://www.circuitlab.com/) R1 is just there to limit battery charge current in the event M1 or M2 should fail. You don't want to charge alkaline batteries. You could bump it up to 100k if you like. Or even 1M.
323,640	I want to supply a microcontroller with 4x AA alkaline batteries or via USB, with the USB source being dominant. Meaning when USB is on, the batteries should be disconnected. For the USB path, I intend to use a Schottky diode. For the battery path, I initially thought about using a "ORing" IC or one of those "powerpath" controllers. The problem with most of the ones I've seen so far is, that they only have one integrated FET, so there could be a reverse current flowing into the battery when the batteries drop below the USB voltage and the forward voltage of the FET body diode. I want to use two back to back FETs with common source, but I'm not sure what driver would be suitable. One way I thought of would be to use a MOSFET driver like MAX1614 and let it drive two FETs. But the MAX1614 only goes down to 5V Vin which would be too high. Something like 4V would be better to get the most out of the batteries. Vin is between 4V and at least >7V, if possible >12V. But most of the drivers I find are for lowside configurations and some barely go above 5.5V. Then there would be ones like the MAX5048 or the MAX15070 that go down to 4V. Or I could use an ORing controller with external FETs, something like a LTC4412 or LTC4359 (looks like the 4359 is hard to get in Germany) and then use the enable pin to shut them down when the USB voltage is present. I tried to design a discrete circuit with MOSFETs and transistors but that didn't work very well, I lack the experience. Does someone have tips or ideas on a good approach, or alternative MOSFET driver ICs? Edit: This was my general idea for a discrete circuit, but I didn't choose proper parts yet. When I simulate this in LTSpice, I get a huge spike for Vout when it switches from USB to Batt. (from ~4.7V down to 0V and back up to 4V) I think an output capacitor is needed to prevent that spike. ![schematic](https://i.stack.imgur.com/CiuCk.png) [simulate this circuit](/plugins/schematics?image=http%3a%2f%2fi.stack.imgur.com%2fCiuCk.png) – Schematic created using [CircuitLab](https://www.circuitlab.com/)	2017/08/12	[ "https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/323640", "https://electronics.stackexchange.com", "https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/152813/" ]	Use this circuit, when USB is active it took power from USB. ![schematic](https://i.stack.imgur.com/J91m9.png) [simulate this circuit](/plugins/schematics?image=http%3a%2f%2fi.stack.imgur.com%2fJ91m9.png) – Schematic created using [CircuitLab](https://www.circuitlab.com/)	With quick simulation, this kind of circuit should work. The FETs take a little time to open after the USB voltage goes away, so you need a bulk capacitor to offer current for that time. Make sure that the P-FET conducts with 5 V V\_GS [![](https://i.stack.imgur.com/xeCkf.png)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/xeCkf.png)
323,640	I want to supply a microcontroller with 4x AA alkaline batteries or via USB, with the USB source being dominant. Meaning when USB is on, the batteries should be disconnected. For the USB path, I intend to use a Schottky diode. For the battery path, I initially thought about using a "ORing" IC or one of those "powerpath" controllers. The problem with most of the ones I've seen so far is, that they only have one integrated FET, so there could be a reverse current flowing into the battery when the batteries drop below the USB voltage and the forward voltage of the FET body diode. I want to use two back to back FETs with common source, but I'm not sure what driver would be suitable. One way I thought of would be to use a MOSFET driver like MAX1614 and let it drive two FETs. But the MAX1614 only goes down to 5V Vin which would be too high. Something like 4V would be better to get the most out of the batteries. Vin is between 4V and at least >7V, if possible >12V. But most of the drivers I find are for lowside configurations and some barely go above 5.5V. Then there would be ones like the MAX5048 or the MAX15070 that go down to 4V. Or I could use an ORing controller with external FETs, something like a LTC4412 or LTC4359 (looks like the 4359 is hard to get in Germany) and then use the enable pin to shut them down when the USB voltage is present. I tried to design a discrete circuit with MOSFETs and transistors but that didn't work very well, I lack the experience. Does someone have tips or ideas on a good approach, or alternative MOSFET driver ICs? Edit: This was my general idea for a discrete circuit, but I didn't choose proper parts yet. When I simulate this in LTSpice, I get a huge spike for Vout when it switches from USB to Batt. (from ~4.7V down to 0V and back up to 4V) I think an output capacitor is needed to prevent that spike. ![schematic](https://i.stack.imgur.com/CiuCk.png) [simulate this circuit](/plugins/schematics?image=http%3a%2f%2fi.stack.imgur.com%2fCiuCk.png) – Schematic created using [CircuitLab](https://www.circuitlab.com/)	2017/08/12	[ "https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/323640", "https://electronics.stackexchange.com", "https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/152813/" ]	Use this circuit, when USB is active it took power from USB. ![schematic](https://i.stack.imgur.com/J91m9.png) [simulate this circuit](/plugins/schematics?image=http%3a%2f%2fi.stack.imgur.com%2fJ91m9.png) – Schematic created using [CircuitLab](https://www.circuitlab.com/)	You might check out the TI tips 22860. It's an integrated, low leakage, high side switch. Tie the input to the USB +5VDC Though a resistor. It's also pretty cheap.
323,640	I want to supply a microcontroller with 4x AA alkaline batteries or via USB, with the USB source being dominant. Meaning when USB is on, the batteries should be disconnected. For the USB path, I intend to use a Schottky diode. For the battery path, I initially thought about using a "ORing" IC or one of those "powerpath" controllers. The problem with most of the ones I've seen so far is, that they only have one integrated FET, so there could be a reverse current flowing into the battery when the batteries drop below the USB voltage and the forward voltage of the FET body diode. I want to use two back to back FETs with common source, but I'm not sure what driver would be suitable. One way I thought of would be to use a MOSFET driver like MAX1614 and let it drive two FETs. But the MAX1614 only goes down to 5V Vin which would be too high. Something like 4V would be better to get the most out of the batteries. Vin is between 4V and at least >7V, if possible >12V. But most of the drivers I find are for lowside configurations and some barely go above 5.5V. Then there would be ones like the MAX5048 or the MAX15070 that go down to 4V. Or I could use an ORing controller with external FETs, something like a LTC4412 or LTC4359 (looks like the 4359 is hard to get in Germany) and then use the enable pin to shut them down when the USB voltage is present. I tried to design a discrete circuit with MOSFETs and transistors but that didn't work very well, I lack the experience. Does someone have tips or ideas on a good approach, or alternative MOSFET driver ICs? Edit: This was my general idea for a discrete circuit, but I didn't choose proper parts yet. When I simulate this in LTSpice, I get a huge spike for Vout when it switches from USB to Batt. (from ~4.7V down to 0V and back up to 4V) I think an output capacitor is needed to prevent that spike. ![schematic](https://i.stack.imgur.com/CiuCk.png) [simulate this circuit](/plugins/schematics?image=http%3a%2f%2fi.stack.imgur.com%2fCiuCk.png) – Schematic created using [CircuitLab](https://www.circuitlab.com/)	2017/08/12	[ "https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/323640", "https://electronics.stackexchange.com", "https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/152813/" ]	Use this circuit, when USB is active it took power from USB. ![schematic](https://i.stack.imgur.com/J91m9.png) [simulate this circuit](/plugins/schematics?image=http%3a%2f%2fi.stack.imgur.com%2fJ91m9.png) – Schematic created using [CircuitLab](https://www.circuitlab.com/)	I routinely do this with use an isolated power source/regulator powering a low-side gate drive (any low-side gate drive method will work...nothing fancy here) with an optocoupler to float the control signal to the now floating gate driver.
938,647	I am developing a CMS based on Zend Framework which have many modules, for example News and Gallery. Each module has some part with same function as manage categories and comments (Categories and comments for News, Photos, Albums - cames from News and Gallery modules - are separate). Can somebody give me the advise to avoid making duplicate code? Thanks.	2009/06/02	[ "https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/938647", "https://Stackoverflow.com", "https://Stackoverflow.com/users/-1/" ]	Write classes to abstract the logic to a central source file. Basically, use encapsulation.	Separate the part of your application that should be reused. It's a good strategy to begin by copy-pasting, and only refactor it out into a shared component once you have at least two concrete uses for an abstraction.
183,105	I have two accepted papers X and Y. I listed X as a reference for Y. I used "To appear" in front of X in the reference section of Y. But it has not published yet. How can I add volume details of X, while it seems that X will be published after publishing Y?	2022/03/09	[ "https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/183105", "https://academia.stackexchange.com", "https://academia.stackexchange.com/users/49646/" ]	I think it is possible under one of the following options: 1. If possible and allowed by the publisher, you publish a preprint of X (e.g. arXiv or PubMed) and you cite the preprint (which is a very common practice nowadays). When X will be published by the publisher, most of the bibliographic indices/platforms will link it to its preprint and make two versions of the same paper. 2. You cite X without mentioning the volume and page range, which is also normal and common. There is no standard rule telling authors how to cite and up to my knowledge, no publisher has specific requirements on how to cite. E.g. for the sake of space, I abreviate journals and conferences' names. Please refer also to [I have two papers in an up-coming conference. Is it appropriate to cite one in another?](https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/8443/i-have-two-papers-in-an-up-coming-conference-is-it-appropriate-to-cite-one-in-a) and [How could two papers which were both published in the same year and same conference cite each other?](https://www.quora.com/How-could-two-papers-which-were-both-published-in-the-same-year-and-same-conference-cite-each-other)	I don’t know what your field is. I did my PhD in Molecular Biophysics ten years ago. It was customary to just list your paper X as “in press” and the corresponding journal name, if it’s cited in your paper Y reference.
562,511	How do I calculate the size of a filter capacitor to reduce the ripple when I have a microcontroller on the same regulated power supply as a high current load like a motor? [![enter image description here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/xHeuw.jpg)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/xHeuw.jpg) My parameters: Motor: DC 5V; 0.82W; 180 mA (with PWM up to 200 mA) PWM with 70%-100% Duty Cycle Vdd = 5V = Vmax PWM: 20kHz f = 1/20kHz = 50 μs All the searches I've done lead me to articles about filtering ripple on AC power supplies. However, I'm not trying to smooth ripple from a rectified AC supply. I'm trying to smooth out variations in an already regulated 5V supply as the load to the supply changes. How do I calculate the rating of a filter capacitor to put on the 5V rail that feeds the microcontroller to smooth its input voltage as the load to the power supply changes? Maybe my calculations are correct?	2021/04/28	[ "https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/562511", "https://electronics.stackexchange.com", "https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/56749/" ]	Since this is homework, I'll rather "hint" you in the right direction to help you employ the right methods than solve it completely, I think you'll enjoy that more! This gets doable if you start with your first schematic, and apply the Y-Delta transformation on the "inner" three R (those who connect to C). Afterwards, you will have two parallel triangles, and can d simplify the "double edges" individually.	Looking at your redrawn circuit, I can see that * I5 and I9 are the same current, labelled twice. * By symmetry, I3 = I4 = I5 = I8 * By symmetry, I6 = I7 = 0
51,817	Hope someone can help, can't find exactly my situation. I have a Mackie proFx16 v3 which has 3 × 6.3 mm (pre fader switchable) Aux sends. (Well 4, but one of them is dedicated to Fx.) My band is currently using 2 × active floor monitors – i.e. 2 monitor mixes, one fed from Aux send 1 and 1 fed from Aux send 2. All works fine, but there's the usual issues of too much noise on stage and occasional feedback issues. We want to move to in-ear monitoring but still with 2 “mixes”, one shared by myself and a singer and another shared by 2 guitarists/singers. I'm planning on achieving this by buying 2 x SHURE PSM 300 in-ear monitoring systems, each with 2 bodypack receivers. So one for 1 mix shared by myself and vocalist (AUX 1) and the other shared by the 2 guitarist/singers (AUX 2) - hence 2 body pack receivers with each transmitter, which is not a problem. The problem I cannot find a definitive answer to is the best way to hook up each PSM 300 transmitter to the mixing desk from the relevant Aux output – i.e. what cable? Each Aux send on the desk is just one 6.3 mm output, but there are 2 (combo xlr/jack) inputs on the back of the Shure PSM 300 transmitter, Left & Right. It would seem to me that as there are 2 inputs it would be best to use them both, but... Would it be best to get a TRS jack to 2 × 6.3 mm jacks cable, or simply a mono jack to jack cable feeding just one input on the back of the PSM 300? (There's a note in the PSM300 manual which says: Important: When connecting to only one transmitter input, use the LEFT/CH1 input. Set the transmitter to MONO to hear audio on both channels) I'm not sure whether the Aux output of the Mackie mixer is Stereo, Mono or balanced mono, and frankly whether it makes a difference in the real world. I don't need to hear “stereo” in the ear monitors, but do need the sound to come through both earpieces, not just one. I've tried researching online and ended up going off at tangents detailing TRRS (rather than TRS) cables etc. which is just confusing me. Any comments/suggestions very welcome!	2022/10/13	[ "https://sound.stackexchange.com/questions/51817", "https://sound.stackexchange.com", "https://sound.stackexchange.com/users/35984/" ]	If you don't need stereo, connect one aux output to the left input and set the transmitter to mono. This is the most common configuration for a band sharing a limited number of monitor mixes. Regarding TS (tip-sleeve) or TRS (tip-ring-sleeve) cables: in the live sound world, TRS cables with 1/4" connectors will usually carry a balanced mono signal or an unbalanced stereo signal (less common). A TS cable always carries an unbalanced signal. The point of any balanced signal is RF (radio frequency) noise rejection. The importance of this noise rejection depends on the length of the cable, the amount of RF noise present, and the level of the signal. (Sound engineer joke: what do you call a long unbalanced cable? An antenna.) If you have a long cable, lots of RF, or a weak signal (or any combination of these factors), you'll need a balanced run from output to input. For example: if you need to run a low-level (i.e. mic) signal 150 feet through a hostile RF environment, balanced connectors and cabling are a must. If you need to send a line-level (strong) signal a few feet, a balanced run is rarely necessary. Your situation is the latter. Connect your aux output to the transmitter input with the shortest possible cable, and you should be fine with an unbalanced (TS) run.	Concerning the technical part of your question: having a look at the Mackie's product description, the Aux sends seem to be mono, but balanced (please verify). The PSM300's product description mentions "Connector Type: 6.35 mm (1/4") TRS". So that's fine: you can connect one of the PSM300s with 2 TRS cables, and the other one with 1 TRS cable (use the left input, which is de facto standard for mono). The inherent musical aspect of your question: from my experience both as a musician and a mixing engineer, it is always better or at least useful to have a stereo signal. But you can try and then decide who of your band's members is going to use mono and who is taking stereo.
35,011	Ok, long story short, I'm currious how long it would take an agency to crack a 10-15 character winrar password. The file names in the archive are also scrambled including a word at the start and numbers and characters. Roughly, should I have reason to believe this could be cracked within a reasonable time frame?	2013/04/29	[ "https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/35011", "https://security.stackexchange.com", "https://security.stackexchange.com/users/25336/" ]	There is some data [here](http://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/password-recovery-gpu,2945-8.html). WinRAR uses a custom [key derivation function](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_derivation_function) which involves thousands of SHA-1 invocations. Apparently, with two good GPU, about 15000 passwords per second can be tried. Then it depends, not on the length of your password, but on the way you produced it. It's not the length which makes the password strong, but the randomness. If your password is a sequence of 15 random characters, chosen uniformly and independently of each other, then it will resist forever. If it is a common English word which happens to be 15 characters long, then it is toast and will be recovered in a matter of seconds.	The answer is 42 of course. In all seriousness, this question is unanswerable. There are many factors, including but not limited to the amount of hardware the attacker is willing to throw at you. Your password is weak though, it's very predictable which is the bane of strong passwords.
35,011	Ok, long story short, I'm currious how long it would take an agency to crack a 10-15 character winrar password. The file names in the archive are also scrambled including a word at the start and numbers and characters. Roughly, should I have reason to believe this could be cracked within a reasonable time frame?	2013/04/29	[ "https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/35011", "https://security.stackexchange.com", "https://security.stackexchange.com/users/25336/" ]	The answer is 42 of course. In all seriousness, this question is unanswerable. There are many factors, including but not limited to the amount of hardware the attacker is willing to throw at you. Your password is weak though, it's very predictable which is the bane of strong passwords.	As mentioned rar uses SHA-1 which is pretty strong. You can have a good comparison of different algorithms [here](http://www.gat3way.eu/index.php?mact=News,cntnt01,detail,0&cntnt01articleid=192&cntnt01returnid=15). As you can see cracking rar is slower than WPA-PSK.
35,011	Ok, long story short, I'm currious how long it would take an agency to crack a 10-15 character winrar password. The file names in the archive are also scrambled including a word at the start and numbers and characters. Roughly, should I have reason to believe this could be cracked within a reasonable time frame?	2013/04/29	[ "https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/35011", "https://security.stackexchange.com", "https://security.stackexchange.com/users/25336/" ]	There is some data [here](http://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/password-recovery-gpu,2945-8.html). WinRAR uses a custom [key derivation function](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_derivation_function) which involves thousands of SHA-1 invocations. Apparently, with two good GPU, about 15000 passwords per second can be tried. Then it depends, not on the length of your password, but on the way you produced it. It's not the length which makes the password strong, but the randomness. If your password is a sequence of 15 random characters, chosen uniformly and independently of each other, then it will resist forever. If it is a common English word which happens to be 15 characters long, then it is toast and will be recovered in a matter of seconds.	As mentioned rar uses SHA-1 which is pretty strong. You can have a good comparison of different algorithms [here](http://www.gat3way.eu/index.php?mact=News,cntnt01,detail,0&cntnt01articleid=192&cntnt01returnid=15). As you can see cracking rar is slower than WPA-PSK.
3,911,013	Hey, I'm saving a copy of all contacts in a database. Upon launching, I want to check if there is a new contact in the address book in order to add it to my data base. How to perform this check? I can't find the suitable logic to implement it.	2010/10/12	[ "https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3911013", "https://Stackoverflow.com", "https://Stackoverflow.com/users/394868/" ]	There's not an easy way to get "new contacts" in the address book. Instead you'll have to do something like this: 1. [Get an array of all the contacts in the address book](http://developer.apple.com/library/ios/documentation/AddressBook/Reference/ABPersonRef_iPhoneOS/Reference/reference.html#//apple_ref/c/func/ABAddressBookCopyArrayOfAllPeople). 2. Loop through the array and see if the contact is in your database. (NOTE: Record ids [can change](http://mattgemmell.com/2008/10/31/iphone-dev-tips-for-synced-contacts)!) 3. If you find a contact that is not in your database, add it. It's probably also smart to store the [last modification date](http://developer.apple.com/library/ios/documentation/AddressBook/Reference/ABPersonRef_iPhoneOS/Reference/reference.html#//apple_ref/doc/c_ref/kABPersonModificationDateProperty) of the property and compare that with each record so you can know if something has changed on an existing record. Finally, this could take a while depending on the number of contacts the user has. It's probably something you want to do without blocking the UI. (Another note: Address Book types are not thread safe. Keep this in mind if you're working in a background thread.) While your app is running, you can register [address book change notification callback](http://tuvix.apple.com/library/ios/documentation/AddressBook/Reference/ABAddressBookRef_iPhoneOS/Reference/reference.html#//apple_ref/c/func/ABAddressBookRegisterExternalChangeCallback) to be alerted of changes that happen while your app is running.	A little easier way(don't need too much memory space): 1. Save your App's database lastest TimeStamp when you load data from AddressBook & total person count. 2. write a check function, and call it whenever you need it 3. check function : Get the latest modification date in all contacts, and get the total count right now, just compare the latest date with TimeStamp: BOOL beNeedRefresh = NO; if( latest > TimeStamp){ beNeedRefresh = YES; }else if(addressbook count != your Database count){ beNeedRefresh = YES; } if(beNeedRefresh){ refresh your database !!!! }
1,401,248	I have tried several ways to login to a website through java. I have used watij, HTMLunit etc. but due to not so familiar with any of these, I am not able to login successfully. Can anyone tell me in detail how to login through java To be more specific, I want to login to the ORKUT and want the pagesource of the page that comes after login.	2009/09/09	[ "https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1401248", "https://Stackoverflow.com", "https://Stackoverflow.com/users/157027/" ]	The answer depends on how the website attempts to authenticate you: * Do you have to set a username and password in the HTTP headers (basic auth)? * Or do you have to fill out and submit a form containing the username and password? For either I would recommend commons-httpclient, although the latter screen-scraping approach is always messy to do programatically. For basic authentication, take a look at httpclient's [Authentication Guide](http://hc.apache.org/httpclient-3.x/authentication.html). For forms authentication, you'll need to check the HTML source of the page to understand * The URL the form is submitted to * What the names of the parameters to submit are For help on how to submit a form in httpclient, take a look at [the documentation on the POST method](http://hc.apache.org/httpclient-3.x/methods/post.html). The httpclient site also contains a [basic tutorial](http://hc.apache.org/httpclient-3.x/tutorial.html).	Why are you trying to login via Java, why not just use cURL? Is there something specific you're trying to accomplish?
1,401,248	I have tried several ways to login to a website through java. I have used watij, HTMLunit etc. but due to not so familiar with any of these, I am not able to login successfully. Can anyone tell me in detail how to login through java To be more specific, I want to login to the ORKUT and want the pagesource of the page that comes after login.	2009/09/09	[ "https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1401248", "https://Stackoverflow.com", "https://Stackoverflow.com/users/157027/" ]	Your best chances to do such things & survive in the real world web are with Selenium-RC. Basically, what you will do is to remote-control your browser to do anything that you can do manually (except file uploads). Many times, I have used this pattern: 1. Login with selenium 2. Take the cookies 3. Continue with my favourite HTTP library.	Why are you trying to login via Java, why not just use cURL? Is there something specific you're trying to accomplish?
1,401,248	I have tried several ways to login to a website through java. I have used watij, HTMLunit etc. but due to not so familiar with any of these, I am not able to login successfully. Can anyone tell me in detail how to login through java To be more specific, I want to login to the ORKUT and want the pagesource of the page that comes after login.	2009/09/09	[ "https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1401248", "https://Stackoverflow.com", "https://Stackoverflow.com/users/157027/" ]	The answer depends on how the website attempts to authenticate you: * Do you have to set a username and password in the HTTP headers (basic auth)? * Or do you have to fill out and submit a form containing the username and password? For either I would recommend commons-httpclient, although the latter screen-scraping approach is always messy to do programatically. For basic authentication, take a look at httpclient's [Authentication Guide](http://hc.apache.org/httpclient-3.x/authentication.html). For forms authentication, you'll need to check the HTML source of the page to understand * The URL the form is submitted to * What the names of the parameters to submit are For help on how to submit a form in httpclient, take a look at [the documentation on the POST method](http://hc.apache.org/httpclient-3.x/methods/post.html). The httpclient site also contains a [basic tutorial](http://hc.apache.org/httpclient-3.x/tutorial.html).	Orkut uses Google auth to login. My suggestion is to use an HTTP debugger like Fiddler to watch the traffic during login. Probably, there are cookies and redirects that you need to replicate. Generally, 1. Look at the login form, get the names of the name and password field and the action that the form posts to 2. Create a POST request to the action URL and pass in the name and password correctly (e.g. name=username&password=pwd) 3. Was this HTTPS (make sure to do that correctly) 4. If the response has a SET-COOKIE in the header, make sure to send that cookie on all subsequent requests 5. If the response has a redirect, then do a GET for the redirect, sending cookies if appropriate 6. (keep looping on #5 until you don't get a redirect) The response you get at the end of this is the page source. Take a look at this: <http://code.google.com/apis/gdata/javadoc/com/google/gdata/client/http/AuthSubUtil.html> <http://code.google.com/p/apex-google-data/source/browse/trunk/google_data_toolkit/src/classes/AuthSubUtil.cls> Looks like google code for authenticating with their services.
1,401,248	I have tried several ways to login to a website through java. I have used watij, HTMLunit etc. but due to not so familiar with any of these, I am not able to login successfully. Can anyone tell me in detail how to login through java To be more specific, I want to login to the ORKUT and want the pagesource of the page that comes after login.	2009/09/09	[ "https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1401248", "https://Stackoverflow.com", "https://Stackoverflow.com/users/157027/" ]	Your best chances to do such things & survive in the real world web are with Selenium-RC. Basically, what you will do is to remote-control your browser to do anything that you can do manually (except file uploads). Many times, I have used this pattern: 1. Login with selenium 2. Take the cookies 3. Continue with my favourite HTTP library.	Orkut uses Google auth to login. My suggestion is to use an HTTP debugger like Fiddler to watch the traffic during login. Probably, there are cookies and redirects that you need to replicate. Generally, 1. Look at the login form, get the names of the name and password field and the action that the form posts to 2. Create a POST request to the action URL and pass in the name and password correctly (e.g. name=username&password=pwd) 3. Was this HTTPS (make sure to do that correctly) 4. If the response has a SET-COOKIE in the header, make sure to send that cookie on all subsequent requests 5. If the response has a redirect, then do a GET for the redirect, sending cookies if appropriate 6. (keep looping on #5 until you don't get a redirect) The response you get at the end of this is the page source. Take a look at this: <http://code.google.com/apis/gdata/javadoc/com/google/gdata/client/http/AuthSubUtil.html> <http://code.google.com/p/apex-google-data/source/browse/trunk/google_data_toolkit/src/classes/AuthSubUtil.cls> Looks like google code for authenticating with their services.
36,807,223	We have implemented RTSP server on our MCU. For testing purpose we are using VLC media player as a client. We coded our MCU such a way that only after receiving PLAY command from client, MCU reads data from camera. And we are seeing MCU receives data from camera and streams thorugh RTSP. We could see data streaming from server through UDP on Wireshark. And Also Codec information getting dispalyed on VLC media player. But video doesn't get played in VLC.What could be the issue? Below is our SDP file info "v=0\r\ns=Unnamed\r\ni=N/A\r\nc=IN IP4 sumukha-PC\r\nt=0 0\r\na=tool:vlc 2.2.2\r\na=recvonly\r\na=type:broadcast\r\na=charset:UTF-8\r\na=control:rtsp://192.168.1.100:8555\r\nm=video 0 RTP/AVP 96\r\nb=RR:0\r\na=rtpmap:96 H264/90000\r\na=fmtp:96 packetization-mode=1\r\na=control:rtsp://192.168.1.100:8555/trackID=0\r\n\r\n"); Thanks, Ck	2016/04/23	[ "https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/36807223", "https://Stackoverflow.com", "https://Stackoverflow.com/users/6243514/" ]	The error message tells you what is going wrong: > > live555 error: no data received in 10s, aborting > > > The usual reasons for this are firewalls or NAT? You can select the RTP over RTSP (TCP) option in the VLC preferences to verify this. If the stream works over TCP, UDP packets are being blocked somewhere.	I suggest using ffmpeg and ffplay to test your streaming from a RTSP source. It is command line, but the information and logs are very helpful
245,958	1. A particular mass of helium is required to lift a particular weight. If the weight stays the same and the mass of helium is decreased can the same lift force be achieved by increasing the acceleration of the helium gas? Not to be an Einstein, but if I recall correctly, force = mass \* acceleration. 2. Also, can helium gas be accelerated by heating it or by cutting it with a fan like propeller? 3. Lastly, when do we all get a flying saucer?	2016/03/28	[ "https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/245958", "https://physics.stackexchange.com", "https://physics.stackexchange.com/users/112603/" ]	Normally when you speak of lifting by helium you are using the buoyancy of a balloon in the atmosphere. If you decrease the mass of helium you decrease the volume of the balloon. The lift capacity of a balloon is the difference between the weight of a balloon and the weight of the air it displaces. If you can lighten the envelope you can maintain that difference with a smaller balloon and maintain the lift capacity. The helium gas has no appreciable acceleration and there is no fan. If you are doing something different to lift something with helium you will have to explain more clearly what it is.	Well, you could get more lift force out the helium by accelerating it. If the helium, let's say in a balloon, was initial moving upwards quickly and the object you're trying to lift was stationary, at some point the rope connecting them would go tight and at that point the rope will apply a downwards force on the helium slowing it and accelerating it downwards. The helium would apply an equal upwards force on the rope giving you extra lifting force. You could test this experimentally fairly easily. Get a helium balloon, a string and a payload that is just a tiny bit too heavy for the balloon to lift. With the payload on the ground, pull the balloon down to ground level so that the string is slack then release the balloon. When the string goes tight the balloon should lift the payload off the ground but only very briefly. Once the balloon is done accelerating that force goes away. The scenario described above is easier to picture with something denser and more streamlined moving upwards - say an arrow that's been shot up by a bow. The thing about helium is that it's got such a low density. This means that as soon as it's moving with any speed through air you are going to get substantial air resistance. Your rapidly moving mass of helium will end up exerting an upwards force on the surrounding air - not the desired result.
248,040	I have interfaced [M25P16](https://www.micron.com/~/media/documents/.../m25p16.pdf) with PIC32MX795F512L. MISO and CS is pulled up to VCC with 10k resistor. I am sending the 0x9f (MSB first) command for reading device ID and after that 20 dummy bytes are transmitted for generating clock for receiving bytes. But I'm getting unexpected noise pulses on MISO pin as shown in image below. [![waveform](https://i.stack.imgur.com/v68dt.jpg)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/v68dt.jpg) I have selected clock mode as 1 (i.e. CPOL = 0 and CPHA = 1). I'm sampling input in middle of clock. One more thing HOLD# and W# are directly connected to VCC(3.3 V). Do I need to make changes in W# and HOLD# states?	2016/07/26	[ "https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/248040", "https://electronics.stackexchange.com", "https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/117832/" ]	I not sure if this problem was solved, I had exactly the same problem as you two days ago and nothing on the internet I found helped, it seems everyone had a unique problem expect yours... After 2 days of debugging I found the solution, its very simple.. the chip 3.3V tolerant (power supply and input signals.. they NOT 5V tolerant!), if your input signals is NOT 3.3v i.e (Input CLOCK, CS, MOSI, MISO) the flash chip will not respond. All I did was use a level translation using a 74HC4050, it is always a good test to make sure communication is 100% by sending a device id request to the chip, then proceeding to working with memory writes and reads. Funny, after two days of exceeding the input signals with a 5V input the chip still works, maybe internally some sort of (undocumented) protection clamp was active. I hope this helps.	It looks like the flash memory is trying to respond to the command, but can't. I would check that there are no conflicts with the MISO pin. Make sure that some other peripheral on your microcontroller isn't using the MISO pin, that the MISO pin is not shorted to another pin, and make sure there is not a problem with any other device on the SPI bus.
2,207,519	What solutions exist to persist data, without requiring a full-blown enterprise server? I am fairly new to Java. At uni the whole curriculum was based on Java, so I coded a bit already. But it never went into depth with the available frameworks. The only way we actually touched on persistens was using "vanilla" JDBC connections. I've done some digging around and came across the typical solutions. Most prominently "JAXB", "JPA", "Hibernate" and "TopLink". As far as I can tell, the last two are actually implementing "JPA", which is just a spec. Am I right here? All the tutorials I have found so far explained these fairly well, and I have to say that I like JPA quite a lot. But all the tutorials I have seen, explained it all using web-pages. I am looking for a swing based solution however. Without webstart or the likes. I'd like to create a stand-alone Java desktop app. Given the target audience and the requirements, I don't need a client/server architecture anyways. Now, there is also the topic of Beans Binding. Which, to me, looks like fun. Even considering that you have to fire you "PropertyChanged" events manually. Honestly, I don't care about the few added lines. So... for creating a stand-alone desktop app, saving (and reading) data from already existing legacy databases: What are your recommendations of frameworks/libraries/specs? * JPA? * JDBC? * Beans Binding? One more important thing: The primary database I would be writing the app against contains Mutliple Table Inheritance and Slowly Changing Dimensions. I've been doodling around with TopLink already, and the results are fine. But I want to get rid of the application server. ... oh, and... would it be feasible to use Beans Binding in conjunction with Entities? Making the properties read/writable?	2010/02/05	[ "https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2207519", "https://Stackoverflow.com", "https://Stackoverflow.com/users/160665/" ]	I recommend JPA -- while it's a standard, it is completely separate from the whole Java EE spec. You don't need a enterprise application server to use it. In fact, Sun has a ["Using JPA in Desktop Applications"](http://java.sun.com/developer/technicalArticles/J2SE/Desktop/persistenceapi/) article.	JPA + Hibernate, Derby in memory java database, Swing destop App. After annotating my Model classes and specifying the derby driver and such trivia in XML files, persistency was all automagic.
2,055,999	Currently I'm working on creating a view of displaying a entire school database in the form of a graphical view. 1. School; 2. Classes; 3. Teachers; and 4. Students I display an Image for each of the above mentioned ones. I need a plugin/tool (freeware) to use to create the links between them. My default view would be a School Image, either on click of Image / Zoom-In (Zoom-out) I want to display Classes. When I select a click by clicking it or mouse over a particular class and zoom-in, I want to display the teachers and students. Could some-one suggest me a tool that would help me do the same. P.S. I've tried SpringGraph, but it lacks on a lot of features.	2010/01/13	[ "https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2055999", "https://Stackoverflow.com", "https://Stackoverflow.com/users/185412/" ]	I would check out [Flare](http://flare.prefuse.org/). Check out the [demo](http://flare.prefuse.org/demo). I think you will be most interested in the Layouts section.	Check the "tour de flex" <http://www.adobe.com/devnet/flex/tourdeflex/> It's a big demo of what you can do with flex. Check the Data Visualisation part, it's contains some very nice exemple But i doubs that you will find exactly what your are looking for, why not just code it. * A image for the scool. * a list of image for classes. * a list of teacher and student images for each classes. * OnClick + transition event No ?
2,055,999	Currently I'm working on creating a view of displaying a entire school database in the form of a graphical view. 1. School; 2. Classes; 3. Teachers; and 4. Students I display an Image for each of the above mentioned ones. I need a plugin/tool (freeware) to use to create the links between them. My default view would be a School Image, either on click of Image / Zoom-In (Zoom-out) I want to display Classes. When I select a click by clicking it or mouse over a particular class and zoom-in, I want to display the teachers and students. Could some-one suggest me a tool that would help me do the same. P.S. I've tried SpringGraph, but it lacks on a lot of features.	2010/01/13	[ "https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2055999", "https://Stackoverflow.com", "https://Stackoverflow.com/users/185412/" ]	Another option would be the [RaVis](http://code.google.com/p/birdeye/wiki/RaVis) portion of the BirdEye project. The graphs it generates are pretty customizable (i.e. controlling the image used for each node), as seen in [this demo](http://birdeye.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/ravis/RaVisExamples/example-binaries/RaVisExplorer.html#). The default interactivity (double-click to navigate, information on mouse-over) is solid as well.	Check the "tour de flex" <http://www.adobe.com/devnet/flex/tourdeflex/> It's a big demo of what you can do with flex. Check the Data Visualisation part, it's contains some very nice exemple But i doubs that you will find exactly what your are looking for, why not just code it. * A image for the scool. * a list of image for classes. * a list of teacher and student images for each classes. * OnClick + transition event No ?
5,737	In the new version of Google Docs is it possible to view/compare revision differences as you used to be able to do to see the changes highlighted. I know you can view previous versions but what I want is to see the individual changes highlighted by the user that made them.	2010/08/16	[ "https://webapps.stackexchange.com/questions/5737", "https://webapps.stackexchange.com", "https://webapps.stackexchange.com/users/3447/" ]	This method will create a new document with the changes as suggestions. 1. In the updated document: 1. Select the menu item: File/Version History/See Version History 2. Find the version upon which you wish to base the compare/diff. 3. Click the vertical ellipsis, and select "Make a Copy" 2. In this new copy of the document: 1. Select the menu item: Tools/Compare Document 2. For Select the comparison document: 1. Click My Drive 2. Select the original document 3. Click Open 3. For Attribute difference to:, select: << your user >> 4. Click Compare 5. After a few moments, the Dialog "Comparison is ready is shown" 6. Click Open 3. The document will show the diff/changes as suggestions.	If you have access to Adobe Acrobat, you can print the two documents to PDF files using Docs Print/Save As PDF command, then compare them using Adobe Acrobat's Compare Documents feature.
5,737	In the new version of Google Docs is it possible to view/compare revision differences as you used to be able to do to see the changes highlighted. I know you can view previous versions but what I want is to see the individual changes highlighted by the user that made them.	2010/08/16	[ "https://webapps.stackexchange.com/questions/5737", "https://webapps.stackexchange.com", "https://webapps.stackexchange.com/users/3447/" ]	The best way I found is to use named version. You can set names for each versions and you can compare current named version with previous named version. So the step is 1. Set names to two versions you want to compare with. 2. Turn on "Only show named versions". Then you can see the difference between specific versions. In order to be able to visually see the highlights and strikethroughs, you need to check the Show Changes box at the bottom of the right-hand column, then click on the named version you wish to view.	If you have access to Adobe Acrobat, you can print the two documents to PDF files using Docs Print/Save As PDF command, then compare them using Adobe Acrobat's Compare Documents feature.
5,737	In the new version of Google Docs is it possible to view/compare revision differences as you used to be able to do to see the changes highlighted. I know you can view previous versions but what I want is to see the individual changes highlighted by the user that made them.	2010/08/16	[ "https://webapps.stackexchange.com/questions/5737", "https://webapps.stackexchange.com", "https://webapps.stackexchange.com/users/3447/" ]	The best way I found is to use named version. You can set names for each versions and you can compare current named version with previous named version. So the step is 1. Set names to two versions you want to compare with. 2. Turn on "Only show named versions". Then you can see the difference between specific versions. In order to be able to visually see the highlights and strikethroughs, you need to check the Show Changes box at the bottom of the right-hand column, then click on the named version you wish to view.	This method will create a new document with the changes as suggestions. 1. In the updated document: 1. Select the menu item: File/Version History/See Version History 2. Find the version upon which you wish to base the compare/diff. 3. Click the vertical ellipsis, and select "Make a Copy" 2. In this new copy of the document: 1. Select the menu item: Tools/Compare Document 2. For Select the comparison document: 1. Click My Drive 2. Select the original document 3. Click Open 3. For Attribute difference to:, select: << your user >> 4. Click Compare 5. After a few moments, the Dialog "Comparison is ready is shown" 6. Click Open 3. The document will show the diff/changes as suggestions.
5,737	In the new version of Google Docs is it possible to view/compare revision differences as you used to be able to do to see the changes highlighted. I know you can view previous versions but what I want is to see the individual changes highlighted by the user that made them.	2010/08/16	[ "https://webapps.stackexchange.com/questions/5737", "https://webapps.stackexchange.com", "https://webapps.stackexchange.com/users/3447/" ]	The best way I found is to use named version. You can set names for each versions and you can compare current named version with previous named version. So the step is 1. Set names to two versions you want to compare with. 2. Turn on "Only show named versions". Then you can see the difference between specific versions. In order to be able to visually see the highlights and strikethroughs, you need to check the Show Changes box at the bottom of the right-hand column, then click on the named version you wish to view.	This is no longer possible in the latest version of Google Docs. Please, see other answers instead. --- It previously worked this way: 1. Open the document in Google Docs 2. Click the [File] menu item 3. Click the [See revision history] option 4. Check the box for the newest revision you want to compare. 5. Scroll down the list and check the box for the oldest revision you want to compare. 6. Click the [Compare checked] button to see the changes between the old and new revision entries you checked. Added content will be block highlighted. Deleted content will have a line through it. Both will be in the color of the editor that made the changes. Update: As discovered by [DEFusion](https://webapps.stackexchange.com/users/3447/defusion), old documents, which I had used to write the above process, are unaffected by the new "feature" (or deletion of a feature, apparently). I failed to actually create a new document to test the process. Indeed, new documents created in Google Docs do not provide a diff function. Only browsing between newer and older versions is currently possible. So, unfortunately, it looks like for now no diff-ing is possible.
5,737	In the new version of Google Docs is it possible to view/compare revision differences as you used to be able to do to see the changes highlighted. I know you can view previous versions but what I want is to see the individual changes highlighted by the user that made them.	2010/08/16	[ "https://webapps.stackexchange.com/questions/5737", "https://webapps.stackexchange.com", "https://webapps.stackexchange.com/users/3447/" ]	This is no longer possible in the latest version of Google Docs. Please, see other answers instead. --- It previously worked this way: 1. Open the document in Google Docs 2. Click the [File] menu item 3. Click the [See revision history] option 4. Check the box for the newest revision you want to compare. 5. Scroll down the list and check the box for the oldest revision you want to compare. 6. Click the [Compare checked] button to see the changes between the old and new revision entries you checked. Added content will be block highlighted. Deleted content will have a line through it. Both will be in the color of the editor that made the changes. Update: As discovered by [DEFusion](https://webapps.stackexchange.com/users/3447/defusion), old documents, which I had used to write the above process, are unaffected by the new "feature" (or deletion of a feature, apparently). I failed to actually create a new document to test the process. Indeed, new documents created in Google Docs do not provide a diff function. Only browsing between newer and older versions is currently possible. So, unfortunately, it looks like for now no diff-ing is possible.	If you have access to Adobe Acrobat, you can print the two documents to PDF files using Docs Print/Save As PDF command, then compare them using Adobe Acrobat's Compare Documents feature.
5,737	In the new version of Google Docs is it possible to view/compare revision differences as you used to be able to do to see the changes highlighted. I know you can view previous versions but what I want is to see the individual changes highlighted by the user that made them.	2010/08/16	[ "https://webapps.stackexchange.com/questions/5737", "https://webapps.stackexchange.com", "https://webapps.stackexchange.com/users/3447/" ]	The best way I found is to use named version. You can set names for each versions and you can compare current named version with previous named version. So the step is 1. Set names to two versions you want to compare with. 2. Turn on "Only show named versions". Then you can see the difference between specific versions. In order to be able to visually see the highlights and strikethroughs, you need to check the Show Changes box at the bottom of the right-hand column, then click on the named version you wish to view.	Docs has "Tools -> Compare documents". This can be used. For each (from/to) version, create a new document, and then compare these documents. This creates 3 documents (two source documents and the comparison result), that you then may want to delete afterwards. But it is possible.
5,737	In the new version of Google Docs is it possible to view/compare revision differences as you used to be able to do to see the changes highlighted. I know you can view previous versions but what I want is to see the individual changes highlighted by the user that made them.	2010/08/16	[ "https://webapps.stackexchange.com/questions/5737", "https://webapps.stackexchange.com", "https://webapps.stackexchange.com/users/3447/" ]	This method will create a new document with the changes as suggestions. 1. In the updated document: 1. Select the menu item: File/Version History/See Version History 2. Find the version upon which you wish to base the compare/diff. 3. Click the vertical ellipsis, and select "Make a Copy" 2. In this new copy of the document: 1. Select the menu item: Tools/Compare Document 2. For Select the comparison document: 1. Click My Drive 2. Select the original document 3. Click Open 3. For Attribute difference to:, select: << your user >> 4. Click Compare 5. After a few moments, the Dialog "Comparison is ready is shown" 6. Click Open 3. The document will show the diff/changes as suggestions.	Docs has "Tools -> Compare documents". This can be used. For each (from/to) version, create a new document, and then compare these documents. This creates 3 documents (two source documents and the comparison result), that you then may want to delete afterwards. But it is possible.
5,737	In the new version of Google Docs is it possible to view/compare revision differences as you used to be able to do to see the changes highlighted. I know you can view previous versions but what I want is to see the individual changes highlighted by the user that made them.	2010/08/16	[ "https://webapps.stackexchange.com/questions/5737", "https://webapps.stackexchange.com", "https://webapps.stackexchange.com/users/3447/" ]	You can see differences between named and unnamed versions. Go to File->Version history->See version history On the right hand side, you'll see the versions. If you click on one of them, you will see above your document, on the right hand side [![Total: X edits](https://i.stack.imgur.com/VBuKP.png)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/VBuKP.png) The total shown is the number of changes between the version you highlight and the previous one shown. There are two arrows to the right of the total for taking you from one change to the next. When only named versions are shown, you see the difference to the previous named version. When both are shown, you can click on the little triangle to the left of a version to show also unnnamed version. In that case you'll see differences between one unnamed version and another. You can name and "remove name" for versions with the menu to the right of the version name to see differences between further away versions. All this worked June 4, 2019.	Docs has "Tools -> Compare documents". This can be used. For each (from/to) version, create a new document, and then compare these documents. This creates 3 documents (two source documents and the comparison result), that you then may want to delete afterwards. But it is possible.
27,016	I was wondering if there were any space probe systems that were actually launched as part of a larger satellite bus. As in, one rocket launch from earth releases 6 different satellites on a singular mission at different points on the main-buses trajectory. I did a mission [earlier on KSP](https://imgur.com/gallery/NSQ1ITw) and was wondering if there was a real-world equivalent yet. Like something that has hundreds of small satellites that it can just spew out along it's orbital path, then the satellites use small propulsion systems to change their subsequent orbit. I know about the up-coming satellite system SpaceX plans to launch, but don't really know of any other single launches that propelled multiple probes to different locations (I could just be poorly wording my searches).	2018/05/01	[ "https://space.stackexchange.com/questions/27016", "https://space.stackexchange.com", "https://space.stackexchange.com/users/25224/" ]	The [Pioneer Venus Multiprobe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pioneer_Venus_Multiprobe) seems to fit the bill. It had one Large Probe and three smaller ones. [![enter image description here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/kcHPP.jpg)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/kcHPP.jpg) I don't think the different probes had propulsion though. I think they were just released at different times to hit different targets. [![enter image description here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/yxtBOm.png)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/yxtBOm.png) The bus itself was also instrumented and returned upper atmospheric data during its entry. I always thought this mission was pretty awesome and wonder why it isn't more famous. One of the small probes even survived its landing and transmitted data from the surface!	Magnetosphere missions such as NASA's MMS <https://mms.gsfc.nasa.gov/> consist of four spacecraft flying in formation in order to obtain a three dimensional view of what is happening between them. SpaceX is planning to launch the NASA/DFZ Grace Follow On mission next month, which is comprised of two spacecraft. One spacecraft will orbit behind the other, and the distance between the two spacecraft will be precisely measured in order to determine how their relative velocity changes as they pass over different locations on Earth. From that data, the gravity of Earth will be able to be precisely mapped. A previous mission called Grace did the same thing. <https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/twin-spacecraft-to-weigh-in-on-earths-changing-water> The ESA/JAXA BepiColumbo mission launching later this year consists of three spacecraft that will separate from each other after after arrival at Mercury. <http://sci.esa.int/bepicolombo/> Multi-probe missions are relatively common.
152,916	At the beginning of the winter season my boiler wasn't turning on, but I got it to work by turning on the inlet valve and just letting it feed water until the gas burners kicked in. The sight glass completely (over)filled with water to the point I couldn't see any air in the top. I was happy because my heat was working. Now, the boiler is not engaging again. I was going to try the same tactic, but without knowing anything about boilers, let alone the kind I have, I'm afraid I might damage it. So, I just drained the water (from the rear at the inlet valve) until the low water light came on (the water in the sight glass was near the bottom). I then let in new water until the sight glass showed 4/5 full. Still no engagement of the gas burners. The pressure is floored, too. The gas pilot is burning, too. I'm pretty sure if I just let the inlet valve feed water to the unit things will start to work again, but then what's the point of the sight glass? I don't want to try that until I know for sure it's the right move. I'm attaching some photos of the boiler and it's readings, and I hope you can help figure out why I have no heat. Boiler Front [![Boiler Front](https://i.stack.imgur.com/pmkOL.jpg)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/pmkOL.jpg) Boiler Right Side [![Boiler Right Side](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Dtt6p.jpg)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Dtt6p.jpg) Boiler Info Sticker [![Boiler Info Sticker](https://i.stack.imgur.com/wW0Ty.jpg)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/wW0Ty.jpg) Sight Glass [![Sight Glass](https://i.stack.imgur.com/alUyX.jpg)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/alUyX.jpg) Water Pressure Gauge [![Water Pressure Gauge](https://i.stack.imgur.com/K27FA.jpg)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/K27FA.jpg) Water Pressure Cutoff Switch [![Water Pressure Cutoff Switch](https://i.stack.imgur.com/aNvol.jpg)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/aNvol.jpg) Inlet From Hot Water Heater [![Inlet From Hot Water Heater](https://i.stack.imgur.com/S0Kev.jpg)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/S0Kev.jpg) [![Inlet From Hot Water Heater](https://i.stack.imgur.com/vVNIx.jpg)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/vVNIx.jpg) [![enter image description here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/m50ua.jpg)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/m50ua.jpg)	2018/12/18	[ "https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/152916", "https://diy.stackexchange.com", "https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/84517/" ]	If this steam boiler has not been serviced in a while I would recommend that you have this done to insure safe operation this winter. Using this boiler with too little or too much water in it can damage it and can be very dangerous. Without knowing more about how the boiler is connected into the heating system and what type steam system it is, it is hard for anyone to give a further explanation of how to fix your problem. I can say however that some of the return piping looks wrong. It does not have a "Hartford loop" in the the return at the boiler. That doesn't mean that it will not work and heat your place. Also, post a picture of a typical radiator or baseboard installed in your home so the piping in and out can be seen. Also, send a picture of the return piping that can be seen in the next to last picture or the one before the radiator so I can see how the return is piped. One last thing, the piping that is connected to the pressure control and the low water cut out needs to be removed and cleaned. They both could keep the boiler from firing.	Here are some facts that may help: You have a steam boiler. All steam boilers have what is called a low water cut-off. This devise makes sure that the boiler never fires dry or without water covering the cast iron exchanger. This would destroy your boiler in short order. The Mfg's install literature will tell you how high the water should indicate in the sight glass to protect the boiler. Mark the side of the boiler jacket with a magic marker. You don't want to overfill the boiler because empty space at the top of the boiler is required to allow the steam to shed excess moisture before heading out to the house. We want dry steam going to the house. Now the low water cut-off should be adjusted to hold the water in the boiler at the point indicated in the sight glass. Good Luck.
12,207	Well, 2016 is finally over. It's been a long year and our first regularly scheduled Bridge Movie Night season. [Can you believe that it's been two years](https://gaming.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/10160/bridge-movie-night)? Putting aside how old I'm making you all feeling, it's time to begin another year of Bridge Movie Nights! Popcorn, the silver screen, exciting stories, and our wonderful Arqade community! Let's have another great year of movie-watching. A new addition I'm making to our Movie Nights is the introduction of a Google Calendar. I'll post it both here and in the canonical [So You Want to Attend Movie Night](https://gaming.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/11441/so-you-want-to-attend-movie-night) post when it's ready. [Scheduling votes will be taken here](http://www.strawpoll.me/12069621) and votes will be tallied and a decision will be made by the end of this month (January).	2017/01/09	[ "https://gaming.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/12207", "https://gaming.meta.stackexchange.com", "https://gaming.meta.stackexchange.com/users/27975/" ]	Hell or High Water ================== This is different from the movies we normally watch, but it looks good, and the critical reception was been positive. Essentially, in order to protect his family ranch and provide for his son a man teams up with his brother (who's an ex-con) to rob a bank. Summary courtesy of IMBD: > > A divorced father and his ex-con older brother resort to a desperate scheme in order to save their family's ranch in West Texas. > > > [![enter image description here](http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRYPGO1eXsOXccVk-YmuR5XBUsr9Cjf7PrrAdc-KngRAptlynNl)](http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRYPGO1eXsOXccVk-YmuR5XBUsr9Cjf7PrrAdc-KngRAptlynNl) [IMDB](http://www.imdb.com/title/tt2582782/) \| [Rotten Tomatoes 98%](https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/hell_or_high_water/) \| [Trailer](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JQoqsKoJVDw)	Idiocracy ========= Relevant. > > Private Joe Bauers, the definition of "average American", is selected by the Pentagon to be the guinea pig for a top-secret hibernation program. Forgotten, he awakes five centuries in the future. He discovers a society so incredibly dumbed down that he's easily the most intelligent person alive. > > > [![enter image description here](https://www.thestoryoftexas.com/upload/images/events/movies/idiocracy-poster.jpg?1458770757)](https://www.thestoryoftexas.com/upload/images/events/movies/idiocracy-poster.jpg?1458770757) [IMDB](http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0387808/) \| [Rotten Tomatoes 74%](https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/idiocracy/) \| [Trailer](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BBvIweCIgwk)
12,207	Well, 2016 is finally over. It's been a long year and our first regularly scheduled Bridge Movie Night season. [Can you believe that it's been two years](https://gaming.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/10160/bridge-movie-night)? Putting aside how old I'm making you all feeling, it's time to begin another year of Bridge Movie Nights! Popcorn, the silver screen, exciting stories, and our wonderful Arqade community! Let's have another great year of movie-watching. A new addition I'm making to our Movie Nights is the introduction of a Google Calendar. I'll post it both here and in the canonical [So You Want to Attend Movie Night](https://gaming.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/11441/so-you-want-to-attend-movie-night) post when it's ready. [Scheduling votes will be taken here](http://www.strawpoll.me/12069621) and votes will be tallied and a decision will be made by the end of this month (January).	2017/01/09	[ "https://gaming.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/12207", "https://gaming.meta.stackexchange.com", "https://gaming.meta.stackexchange.com/users/27975/" ]	Kubo and the Two Strings ======================== This looks like a fun little movie good for the whole family, with some pretty solid animation. The critical reception to the movie was been really positive as well. Summary courtesy of google is: > > Young Kubo's peaceful existence comes crashing down when he accidentally summons a vengeful spirit from the past. Now on the run, Kubo joins forces with Monkey and Beetle to unlock a secret legacy. Armed with a magical instrument, Kubo must battle the Moon King and other gods and monsters to save his family and solve the mystery of his fallen father, the greatest samurai warrior the world has ever known. > > > [![enter image description here](http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRQeUx8alN89H9qOSbfZY9sKwIOECZSYcz2LA3auB3bldJI-hmE)](http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRQeUx8alN89H9qOSbfZY9sKwIOECZSYcz2LA3auB3bldJI-hmE) [IMDB](http://www.imdb.com/title/tt4302938/) \| [Rotten Tomatoes 97%](https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/kubo_and_the_two_strings_2016/) \| [Trailer](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FfApAsZKKcg)	District 9 ========== I see GnomeSlice's relevance, and raise more relevant. Idea shamelessly stolen. Sue me. In addition to being relevant, this is also a good movie. > > An extraterrestrial race forced to live in slum-like conditions on Earth suddenly finds a kindred spirit in a government agent who is exposed to their biotechnology. > > > [![District 9 movie poster](https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BMTM4OTI1OTM5NF5BMl5BanBnXkFtZTcwMzk5MTU1Mg@@._V1_SY1000_CR0,0,675,1000_AL_.jpg)](https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BMTM4OTI1OTM5NF5BMl5BanBnXkFtZTcwMzk5MTU1Mg@@._V1_SY1000_CR0,0,675,1000_AL_.jpg) [IMDB](http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1136608/) \| [Rotten Tomatoes 90%](https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/district_9) \| [Trailer](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DyLUwOcR5pk) \| [Content Advisory (rated R)](http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1136608/parentalguide?ref_=tt_stry_pg)
12,207	Well, 2016 is finally over. It's been a long year and our first regularly scheduled Bridge Movie Night season. [Can you believe that it's been two years](https://gaming.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/10160/bridge-movie-night)? Putting aside how old I'm making you all feeling, it's time to begin another year of Bridge Movie Nights! Popcorn, the silver screen, exciting stories, and our wonderful Arqade community! Let's have another great year of movie-watching. A new addition I'm making to our Movie Nights is the introduction of a Google Calendar. I'll post it both here and in the canonical [So You Want to Attend Movie Night](https://gaming.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/11441/so-you-want-to-attend-movie-night) post when it's ready. [Scheduling votes will be taken here](http://www.strawpoll.me/12069621) and votes will be tallied and a decision will be made by the end of this month (January).	2017/01/09	[ "https://gaming.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/12207", "https://gaming.meta.stackexchange.com", "https://gaming.meta.stackexchange.com/users/27975/" ]	Kubo and the Two Strings ======================== This looks like a fun little movie good for the whole family, with some pretty solid animation. The critical reception to the movie was been really positive as well. Summary courtesy of google is: > > Young Kubo's peaceful existence comes crashing down when he accidentally summons a vengeful spirit from the past. Now on the run, Kubo joins forces with Monkey and Beetle to unlock a secret legacy. Armed with a magical instrument, Kubo must battle the Moon King and other gods and monsters to save his family and solve the mystery of his fallen father, the greatest samurai warrior the world has ever known. > > > [![enter image description here](http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRQeUx8alN89H9qOSbfZY9sKwIOECZSYcz2LA3auB3bldJI-hmE)](http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRQeUx8alN89H9qOSbfZY9sKwIOECZSYcz2LA3auB3bldJI-hmE) [IMDB](http://www.imdb.com/title/tt4302938/) \| [Rotten Tomatoes 97%](https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/kubo_and_the_two_strings_2016/) \| [Trailer](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FfApAsZKKcg)	Idiocracy ========= Relevant. > > Private Joe Bauers, the definition of "average American", is selected by the Pentagon to be the guinea pig for a top-secret hibernation program. Forgotten, he awakes five centuries in the future. He discovers a society so incredibly dumbed down that he's easily the most intelligent person alive. > > > [![enter image description here](https://www.thestoryoftexas.com/upload/images/events/movies/idiocracy-poster.jpg?1458770757)](https://www.thestoryoftexas.com/upload/images/events/movies/idiocracy-poster.jpg?1458770757) [IMDB](http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0387808/) \| [Rotten Tomatoes 74%](https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/idiocracy/) \| [Trailer](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BBvIweCIgwk)
12,207	Well, 2016 is finally over. It's been a long year and our first regularly scheduled Bridge Movie Night season. [Can you believe that it's been two years](https://gaming.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/10160/bridge-movie-night)? Putting aside how old I'm making you all feeling, it's time to begin another year of Bridge Movie Nights! Popcorn, the silver screen, exciting stories, and our wonderful Arqade community! Let's have another great year of movie-watching. A new addition I'm making to our Movie Nights is the introduction of a Google Calendar. I'll post it both here and in the canonical [So You Want to Attend Movie Night](https://gaming.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/11441/so-you-want-to-attend-movie-night) post when it's ready. [Scheduling votes will be taken here](http://www.strawpoll.me/12069621) and votes will be tallied and a decision will be made by the end of this month (January).	2017/01/09	[ "https://gaming.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/12207", "https://gaming.meta.stackexchange.com", "https://gaming.meta.stackexchange.com/users/27975/" ]	Hell or High Water ================== This is different from the movies we normally watch, but it looks good, and the critical reception was been positive. Essentially, in order to protect his family ranch and provide for his son a man teams up with his brother (who's an ex-con) to rob a bank. Summary courtesy of IMBD: > > A divorced father and his ex-con older brother resort to a desperate scheme in order to save their family's ranch in West Texas. > > > [![enter image description here](http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRYPGO1eXsOXccVk-YmuR5XBUsr9Cjf7PrrAdc-KngRAptlynNl)](http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRYPGO1eXsOXccVk-YmuR5XBUsr9Cjf7PrrAdc-KngRAptlynNl) [IMDB](http://www.imdb.com/title/tt2582782/) \| [Rotten Tomatoes 98%](https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/hell_or_high_water/) \| [Trailer](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JQoqsKoJVDw)	District 9 ========== I see GnomeSlice's relevance, and raise more relevant. Idea shamelessly stolen. Sue me. In addition to being relevant, this is also a good movie. > > An extraterrestrial race forced to live in slum-like conditions on Earth suddenly finds a kindred spirit in a government agent who is exposed to their biotechnology. > > > [![District 9 movie poster](https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BMTM4OTI1OTM5NF5BMl5BanBnXkFtZTcwMzk5MTU1Mg@@._V1_SY1000_CR0,0,675,1000_AL_.jpg)](https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BMTM4OTI1OTM5NF5BMl5BanBnXkFtZTcwMzk5MTU1Mg@@._V1_SY1000_CR0,0,675,1000_AL_.jpg) [IMDB](http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1136608/) \| [Rotten Tomatoes 90%](https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/district_9) \| [Trailer](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DyLUwOcR5pk) \| [Content Advisory (rated R)](http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1136608/parentalguide?ref_=tt_stry_pg)
12,207	Well, 2016 is finally over. It's been a long year and our first regularly scheduled Bridge Movie Night season. [Can you believe that it's been two years](https://gaming.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/10160/bridge-movie-night)? Putting aside how old I'm making you all feeling, it's time to begin another year of Bridge Movie Nights! Popcorn, the silver screen, exciting stories, and our wonderful Arqade community! Let's have another great year of movie-watching. A new addition I'm making to our Movie Nights is the introduction of a Google Calendar. I'll post it both here and in the canonical [So You Want to Attend Movie Night](https://gaming.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/11441/so-you-want-to-attend-movie-night) post when it's ready. [Scheduling votes will be taken here](http://www.strawpoll.me/12069621) and votes will be tallied and a decision will be made by the end of this month (January).	2017/01/09	[ "https://gaming.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/12207", "https://gaming.meta.stackexchange.com", "https://gaming.meta.stackexchange.com/users/27975/" ]	Kubo and the Two Strings ======================== This looks like a fun little movie good for the whole family, with some pretty solid animation. The critical reception to the movie was been really positive as well. Summary courtesy of google is: > > Young Kubo's peaceful existence comes crashing down when he accidentally summons a vengeful spirit from the past. Now on the run, Kubo joins forces with Monkey and Beetle to unlock a secret legacy. Armed with a magical instrument, Kubo must battle the Moon King and other gods and monsters to save his family and solve the mystery of his fallen father, the greatest samurai warrior the world has ever known. > > > [![enter image description here](http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRQeUx8alN89H9qOSbfZY9sKwIOECZSYcz2LA3auB3bldJI-hmE)](http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRQeUx8alN89H9qOSbfZY9sKwIOECZSYcz2LA3auB3bldJI-hmE) [IMDB](http://www.imdb.com/title/tt4302938/) \| [Rotten Tomatoes 97%](https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/kubo_and_the_two_strings_2016/) \| [Trailer](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FfApAsZKKcg)	Viva Amiga ========== I'm not sure if documentaries are up for consideration, but this one covers the rise and fall of the Commodore Amiga and the culture that developed around it, which I think would be interesting to people here. From IMDB: > > In a world of green on black, they dared to dream in color. 1985: An upstart team of Silicon Valley mavericks created a miracle: the Amiga computer. A machine made for creativity. For games, for art, for expression. Breaking from the mold set by IBM and Apple, this was something new. Something to change what people believed computers could do. 2016: The future they saw isn't the one we live in now. Or is it? From the creation of the world's first multimedia digital art powerhouse, to a bankrupt shell sold and resold into obscurity, to a post-punk spark revitalized by determined fans. Viva Amiga is a look at a digital dream and the freaks, geeks and geniuses who brought it to life. And the Amiga is still alive. > > > [![enter image description here](https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BMmFiYjlmNmMtZDgxOC00MTVlLTg3ODEtNTYwZTIwMDg3MDVhL2ltYWdlL2ltYWdlXkEyXkFqcGdeQXVyMTI3NDg2NzU@._V1_.jpg)](https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BMmFiYjlmNmMtZDgxOC00MTVlLTg3ODEtNTYwZTIwMDg3MDVhL2ltYWdlL2ltYWdlXkEyXkFqcGdeQXVyMTI3NDg2NzU@._V1_.jpg) [IMDB](http://www.imdb.com/title/tt6398570/) \| [Trailer](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NHCxvZJW1S8)
12,207	Well, 2016 is finally over. It's been a long year and our first regularly scheduled Bridge Movie Night season. [Can you believe that it's been two years](https://gaming.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/10160/bridge-movie-night)? Putting aside how old I'm making you all feeling, it's time to begin another year of Bridge Movie Nights! Popcorn, the silver screen, exciting stories, and our wonderful Arqade community! Let's have another great year of movie-watching. A new addition I'm making to our Movie Nights is the introduction of a Google Calendar. I'll post it both here and in the canonical [So You Want to Attend Movie Night](https://gaming.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/11441/so-you-want-to-attend-movie-night) post when it's ready. [Scheduling votes will be taken here](http://www.strawpoll.me/12069621) and votes will be tallied and a decision will be made by the end of this month (January).	2017/01/09	[ "https://gaming.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/12207", "https://gaming.meta.stackexchange.com", "https://gaming.meta.stackexchange.com/users/27975/" ]	Hell or High Water ================== This is different from the movies we normally watch, but it looks good, and the critical reception was been positive. Essentially, in order to protect his family ranch and provide for his son a man teams up with his brother (who's an ex-con) to rob a bank. Summary courtesy of IMBD: > > A divorced father and his ex-con older brother resort to a desperate scheme in order to save their family's ranch in West Texas. > > > [![enter image description here](http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRYPGO1eXsOXccVk-YmuR5XBUsr9Cjf7PrrAdc-KngRAptlynNl)](http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRYPGO1eXsOXccVk-YmuR5XBUsr9Cjf7PrrAdc-KngRAptlynNl) [IMDB](http://www.imdb.com/title/tt2582782/) \| [Rotten Tomatoes 98%](https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/hell_or_high_water/) \| [Trailer](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JQoqsKoJVDw)	Viva Amiga ========== I'm not sure if documentaries are up for consideration, but this one covers the rise and fall of the Commodore Amiga and the culture that developed around it, which I think would be interesting to people here. From IMDB: > > In a world of green on black, they dared to dream in color. 1985: An upstart team of Silicon Valley mavericks created a miracle: the Amiga computer. A machine made for creativity. For games, for art, for expression. Breaking from the mold set by IBM and Apple, this was something new. Something to change what people believed computers could do. 2016: The future they saw isn't the one we live in now. Or is it? From the creation of the world's first multimedia digital art powerhouse, to a bankrupt shell sold and resold into obscurity, to a post-punk spark revitalized by determined fans. Viva Amiga is a look at a digital dream and the freaks, geeks and geniuses who brought it to life. And the Amiga is still alive. > > > [![enter image description here](https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BMmFiYjlmNmMtZDgxOC00MTVlLTg3ODEtNTYwZTIwMDg3MDVhL2ltYWdlL2ltYWdlXkEyXkFqcGdeQXVyMTI3NDg2NzU@._V1_.jpg)](https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BMmFiYjlmNmMtZDgxOC00MTVlLTg3ODEtNTYwZTIwMDg3MDVhL2ltYWdlL2ltYWdlXkEyXkFqcGdeQXVyMTI3NDg2NzU@._V1_.jpg) [IMDB](http://www.imdb.com/title/tt6398570/) \| [Trailer](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NHCxvZJW1S8)

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