qid int64 1 74.7M | question stringlengths 12 33.8k | date stringlengths 10 10 | metadata list | response_j stringlengths 0 115k | response_k stringlengths 2 98.3k |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
516,314 | Does ASP.NET MVC provide a standard validator functionality or do you have to create your own validation manually? If the latter, is there any third party validator available that you can use on ASP.NET MVC web applications? | 2009/02/05 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/516314",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/3713/"
] | Shortly after I posted this answer I found [xval](http://xval.codeplex.com/) which is a validation framework for ASP.NET MVC. | You can also checkout the [.net validation framework](http://www.codeplex.com/ValidationFramework). Its a rules framework that lets you create validators, apply the validators to rules, attach rules to your model, and check those rules at runtime on both the client and server. It provides flexible ways to configure rules - making heavy use of linq for both fluent and strongly typed configuration. It also provides extensibility points to create your own client script generators and rules.
The framework leverages the MVC RC HtmlHelpers and default conventions.
If you download the latest source you can see an example of the framework working in the SplitBranch -> QSAspMvc quickstart project. Its still being actively developed. |
7,846 | I was hoping someone could shed some light on some minor pain I've been experiencing.
I run long distance. I train about half of the year and usually run one marathon each year. The problem started during the last marathon I ran in early May. The pain started at about the 21 mile mark and became pretty excruciating around the 23.5 mile mark but I continued through the rest of it anyway. The pain is coming from the top of my foot, pretty much directly in the middle of the foot, there's actually a visibly small bump at the spot where the pain is emanating from. Here is a link to a picture showing the location:
I quit running for 3 months after the marathon. I just started again 2 weeks ago and started pretty hard, after a week and a half the pain from the marathon returned, though not quite as bad as it was then. It started to get worse with each run though, so I stopped because I could tell it was just going to get worse and worse.
I am running the marathon in [Under Armour Micro G Stealth running shoes](http://www.underarmour.com/shop/us/en/pcid1233822). I trained for the marathon for 5 months but I only trained in these shoes for about 6 weeks before the marathon. The shoes are very light, which is what made them attractive to me.
Other notes: It doesn't hurt to walk, but I can still feel the spot with almost every step. Also, its my left foot.
Any suggestions as to what the problem is or what I can do to heal correctly would be greatly appreciated. | 2012/08/26 | [
"https://fitness.stackexchange.com/questions/7846",
"https://fitness.stackexchange.com",
"https://fitness.stackexchange.com/users/4130/"
] | I have had the exact same problem for the last year or so, but I have gotten around the problem by tying my shoes in a slight different manner (see below).
From the various expects I consulted when I encounted the problem, I understand, that it usually is one of two problems for my age-group (47): a stress fracture in the foot or a inflammation of the ligaments that "runs" over the top of the foot.
You usually develop both with too much training (no surprise there) and you also best cure the problems with plenty of rest (hopefully no surprise there either). For the inflammation you might also want to use some sort of [Ibuprofen](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibuprofen) based product as that can help with the inflammation...
I have a slightly different problem, as it is the small "tendon sacks" on the top of my right foot that are extremely sore. It seems to be permanent, but with small adjustments in my footwear, I rarely have any discomfort - but don't step on my foot, please.
You can find other possible explanations in this pretty good [article](http://www.buzzle.com/articles/top-of-foot-pain.html).
I now tie my two running shoes differently. The left shoe - where I (currently) don't experience any problems - is tied as usual, whereas on the right shoes I jump two sets of eyelets over the point on the foot where it hurts.
This is illustrated with video and all in the following article from [Runners World](http://www.runnersworld.com/article/0,7120,s6-238-267--12334-0,00.html).
**EDIT** I have added a picture from my own shoes from today...
Lastly, you probably should have you GP looking at this... especially if you want proper diagnostics of the problem... | I had an annoying pain in my foot that was sticking around and wouldn't go away for a long time, not directly caused by running long distances but certainly exacerbated by it.
Of all the stuff I tried, the only thing that helped was lifting weights. I'm not sure if it was the squats, the deadlifts or a combination of them that did it, but shortly after I started, the pain went away.
It would be impossible for me to tell if what you're experiencing is the same as what I experienced, but there's lots of benefits from a good, basic, weight lifting routine, so it's definitely worth trying. |
37,235 | I'm registered as self employed and I now want to start a blog where I can use adverts and amazon to make a little extra cash. Now I know that I have to record anything I earn as an income but I have no idea how or when to record the details.
As all the things that I'm planning on using are online based and have a "minimum payout" I'm unsure of exactly when to class it as an income - Do I only record what I transfer to my bank account or the actual affiliate balance?
Also, how often do I record my income? I mean it's not too bad when you earn by the product sold but with Google Adsense and similar things you have a daily income based on number of visits so do you keep a daily record or is weekly or even monthly OK?
Does anyone here have experience with this or are there any online resourses to help with these questions? | 2014/09/24 | [
"https://money.stackexchange.com/questions/37235",
"https://money.stackexchange.com",
"https://money.stackexchange.com/users/20499/"
] | I use xoom.com to transfer money to India. I've been using them for over 2 years now, they are the fastest and the cheapest for me (the funds are usually available the same day). They seem to have added a lot of European countries to their list.
Definitely worth a shot. | Atm machine and my Credit Union account. Low fees (often zero, if the machine is on any of the same networks) and decent exchange rate, and no need to carry cash or traveler's checks to be exchanged.
Alternatively, pay by credit card, though there is a foreign transaction fee on that. |
37,235 | I'm registered as self employed and I now want to start a blog where I can use adverts and amazon to make a little extra cash. Now I know that I have to record anything I earn as an income but I have no idea how or when to record the details.
As all the things that I'm planning on using are online based and have a "minimum payout" I'm unsure of exactly when to class it as an income - Do I only record what I transfer to my bank account or the actual affiliate balance?
Also, how often do I record my income? I mean it's not too bad when you earn by the product sold but with Google Adsense and similar things you have a daily income based on number of visits so do you keep a daily record or is weekly or even monthly OK?
Does anyone here have experience with this or are there any online resourses to help with these questions? | 2014/09/24 | [
"https://money.stackexchange.com/questions/37235",
"https://money.stackexchange.com",
"https://money.stackexchange.com/users/20499/"
] | There is a number of cheaper online options that you could use. TranferWise was already mentioned here. Other options i know are Paysera or TransferGo. They state that international transfers are processed on the next day and they are substantially cheaper than those of banks. Currency exchange rate is usually not bad. | Atm machine and my Credit Union account. Low fees (often zero, if the machine is on any of the same networks) and decent exchange rate, and no need to carry cash or traveler's checks to be exchanged.
Alternatively, pay by credit card, though there is a foreign transaction fee on that. |
5,462 | I am familiar with archiving messages on the client side to .pst's... Are there good methods of archiving messages from multiple mailboxes on the server side? | 2009/05/06 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/5462",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/1585/"
] | Exmerge is not supported on Exchange 2007 (although it can be made to work). As of Exchange 2007 SP1 there is a new cmdlet, Export-Mailbox, that replaces the exmerge functionality allowing you to archive multiple mailboxes to PSTs.
This cmdlet also works with PSTs up to 32GB in size. However bizarrely it only works on 32bit Windows, since Exchange 2007 is only supported on 64bit Windows you need to set up a 32bit machine to do the archiving (Thanks MS).
The whole process is detailed [here](http://www.exchangeinbox.com/article.aspx?i=102). | I recommend Barracuda's [Message Archiver](http://www.barracudanetworks.com/ns/products/archiver-features.php). It keeps a complete archive of all mail. It can also trim attachments from exchange and host them itself. It provides a link in the original message to the trimmed attachments. |
5,462 | I am familiar with archiving messages on the client side to .pst's... Are there good methods of archiving messages from multiple mailboxes on the server side? | 2009/05/06 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/5462",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/1585/"
] | [GFI MailArchiver](http://www.gfi.com/mailarchiver/) is the 3rd party product I see recommended a lot for this purpose.
And while this won't be of any help now, many of the features in Exchange Server 2010 will focus on easing [archiving and retention](http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/2010/en/us/Archiving-and-Retention.aspx). | For exchange 2003 and below the best tool I've found is called [exmerge](http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?familyid=429163EC-DCDF-47DC-96DA-1C12D67327D5&displaylang=en) and is available from Microsoft. It allows you to pull or push users data into psts on the server side and filter by date, folder, type etc. You can also set it to batch export a list of users. Its very easy to use and very handy.
I use it for archiving of old users, moving users between servers and backup of important users so I can have quick access to their backups. (As opposed to restoring parts of the exchange database to a different data store. Exmerge is just easier.)
PST files shouldn't ever really be bigger then 1 or 2 gigs, I've run into corruption. So I usually filter by date (an archive per year) if it's a particularity large mailbox. It should also be noted that with exchange 2003 mailboxes can now support Unicode and exmerge does not.
From the download page.
>
> Use the Mailbox Merge Program to extract data from mailboxes on a Microsoft Exchange Server and then merge this data into mailboxes on another Microsoft Exchange Server. The program copies data from the source server into Personal Folders (.PST files) and then merges the data, in the Personal Folders, into mailboxes on the destination server. The ability to merge data to and from an Exchange Server makes this program an invaluable tool with a variety of uses- especially during disaster recovery. The program can also replace existing data instead of merging new data if specified by the Administrator.
>
>
>
Exmerge is not supported on Exchange 2007 (although it can be made to work). As of Exchange 2007 SP1 there is a new cmdlet, Export-Mailbox, that replaces the exmerge functionality allowing you to archive multiple mailboxes to PSTs.
This cmdlet also works with PSTs up to 32GB in size. However bizarrely it only works on 32bit Windows, since Exchange 2007 is only supported on 64bit Windows you need to set up a 32bit machine to do the archiving (Thanks MS).
The whole process is detailed [here](http://www.exchangeinbox.com/article.aspx?i=102).
[GFI MailArchiver](http://www.gfi.com/mailarchiver/) is a 3rd party tool that has outlook integration. There are few products that fill this role.
Google's [Postini](http://www.google.com/postini/) will archive your mail, make it searchable, and store it in the "cloud". They also can follow any legal retention policies you may need. |
5,462 | I am familiar with archiving messages on the client side to .pst's... Are there good methods of archiving messages from multiple mailboxes on the server side? | 2009/05/06 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/5462",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/1585/"
] | [GFI MailArchiver](http://www.gfi.com/mailarchiver/) is the 3rd party product I see recommended a lot for this purpose.
And while this won't be of any help now, many of the features in Exchange Server 2010 will focus on easing [archiving and retention](http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/2010/en/us/Archiving-and-Retention.aspx). | I recommend Barracuda's [Message Archiver](http://www.barracudanetworks.com/ns/products/archiver-features.php). It keeps a complete archive of all mail. It can also trim attachments from exchange and host them itself. It provides a link in the original message to the trimmed attachments. |
5,462 | I am familiar with archiving messages on the client side to .pst's... Are there good methods of archiving messages from multiple mailboxes on the server side? | 2009/05/06 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/5462",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/1585/"
] | I recommend Barracuda's [Message Archiver](http://www.barracudanetworks.com/ns/products/archiver-features.php). It keeps a complete archive of all mail. It can also trim attachments from exchange and host them itself. It provides a link in the original message to the trimmed attachments. | If you are looking for ongoing archiving of email for legal reasons etc. you might consider google postini. See [here](http://www.google.com/postini/). |
5,462 | I am familiar with archiving messages on the client side to .pst's... Are there good methods of archiving messages from multiple mailboxes on the server side? | 2009/05/06 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/5462",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/1585/"
] | For exchange 2003 and below the best tool I've found is called [exmerge](http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?familyid=429163EC-DCDF-47DC-96DA-1C12D67327D5&displaylang=en) and is available from Microsoft. It allows you to pull or push users data into psts on the server side and filter by date, folder, type etc. You can also set it to batch export a list of users. Its very easy to use and very handy.
I use it for archiving of old users, moving users between servers and backup of important users so I can have quick access to their backups. (As opposed to restoring parts of the exchange database to a different data store. Exmerge is just easier.)
PST files shouldn't ever really be bigger then 1 or 2 gigs, I've run into corruption. So I usually filter by date (an archive per year) if it's a particularity large mailbox. It should also be noted that with exchange 2003 mailboxes can now support Unicode and exmerge does not.
From the download page.
>
> Use the Mailbox Merge Program to extract data from mailboxes on a Microsoft Exchange Server and then merge this data into mailboxes on another Microsoft Exchange Server. The program copies data from the source server into Personal Folders (.PST files) and then merges the data, in the Personal Folders, into mailboxes on the destination server. The ability to merge data to and from an Exchange Server makes this program an invaluable tool with a variety of uses- especially during disaster recovery. The program can also replace existing data instead of merging new data if specified by the Administrator.
>
>
>
Exmerge is not supported on Exchange 2007 (although it can be made to work). As of Exchange 2007 SP1 there is a new cmdlet, Export-Mailbox, that replaces the exmerge functionality allowing you to archive multiple mailboxes to PSTs.
This cmdlet also works with PSTs up to 32GB in size. However bizarrely it only works on 32bit Windows, since Exchange 2007 is only supported on 64bit Windows you need to set up a 32bit machine to do the archiving (Thanks MS).
The whole process is detailed [here](http://www.exchangeinbox.com/article.aspx?i=102).
[GFI MailArchiver](http://www.gfi.com/mailarchiver/) is a 3rd party tool that has outlook integration. There are few products that fill this role.
Google's [Postini](http://www.google.com/postini/) will archive your mail, make it searchable, and store it in the "cloud". They also can follow any legal retention policies you may need. | I invite you to try out the [exchange archiving](http://www.metalogix.net/Products/Professional-Archive-Manager-for-Exchange/) software from Metalogix too. Priced right for small business and all the solutions we needed. Symantec was too complex and pricey for us. The company I work for had a problem where we couldn’t go to a hosted model for fear of privacy and clients wishes. We had to archive with something in house. Thx |
5,462 | I am familiar with archiving messages on the client side to .pst's... Are there good methods of archiving messages from multiple mailboxes on the server side? | 2009/05/06 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/5462",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/1585/"
] | [GFI MailArchiver](http://www.gfi.com/mailarchiver/) is the 3rd party product I see recommended a lot for this purpose.
And while this won't be of any help now, many of the features in Exchange Server 2010 will focus on easing [archiving and retention](http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/2010/en/us/Archiving-and-Retention.aspx). | If you are looking for ongoing archiving of email for legal reasons etc. you might consider google postini. See [here](http://www.google.com/postini/). |
5,462 | I am familiar with archiving messages on the client side to .pst's... Are there good methods of archiving messages from multiple mailboxes on the server side? | 2009/05/06 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/5462",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/1585/"
] | Exmerge is not supported on Exchange 2007 (although it can be made to work). As of Exchange 2007 SP1 there is a new cmdlet, Export-Mailbox, that replaces the exmerge functionality allowing you to archive multiple mailboxes to PSTs.
This cmdlet also works with PSTs up to 32GB in size. However bizarrely it only works on 32bit Windows, since Exchange 2007 is only supported on 64bit Windows you need to set up a 32bit machine to do the archiving (Thanks MS).
The whole process is detailed [here](http://www.exchangeinbox.com/article.aspx?i=102). | For exchange 2003 and below the best tool I've found is called [exmerge](http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?familyid=429163EC-DCDF-47DC-96DA-1C12D67327D5&displaylang=en) and is available from Microsoft. It allows you to pull or push users data into psts on the server side and filter by date, folder, type etc. You can also set it to batch export a list of users. Its very easy to use and very handy.
I use it for archiving of old users, moving users between servers and backup of important users so I can have quick access to their backups. (As opposed to restoring parts of the exchange database to a different data store. Exmerge is just easier.)
PST files shouldn't ever really be bigger then 1 or 2 gigs, I've run into corruption. So I usually filter by date (an archive per year) if it's a particularity large mailbox. It should also be noted that with exchange 2003 mailboxes can now support Unicode and exmerge does not.
From the download page.
>
> Use the Mailbox Merge Program to extract data from mailboxes on a Microsoft Exchange Server and then merge this data into mailboxes on another Microsoft Exchange Server. The program copies data from the source server into Personal Folders (.PST files) and then merges the data, in the Personal Folders, into mailboxes on the destination server. The ability to merge data to and from an Exchange Server makes this program an invaluable tool with a variety of uses- especially during disaster recovery. The program can also replace existing data instead of merging new data if specified by the Administrator.
>
>
>
Exmerge is not supported on Exchange 2007 (although it can be made to work). As of Exchange 2007 SP1 there is a new cmdlet, Export-Mailbox, that replaces the exmerge functionality allowing you to archive multiple mailboxes to PSTs.
This cmdlet also works with PSTs up to 32GB in size. However bizarrely it only works on 32bit Windows, since Exchange 2007 is only supported on 64bit Windows you need to set up a 32bit machine to do the archiving (Thanks MS).
The whole process is detailed [here](http://www.exchangeinbox.com/article.aspx?i=102).
[GFI MailArchiver](http://www.gfi.com/mailarchiver/) is a 3rd party tool that has outlook integration. There are few products that fill this role.
Google's [Postini](http://www.google.com/postini/) will archive your mail, make it searchable, and store it in the "cloud". They also can follow any legal retention policies you may need. |
5,462 | I am familiar with archiving messages on the client side to .pst's... Are there good methods of archiving messages from multiple mailboxes on the server side? | 2009/05/06 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/5462",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/1585/"
] | I recommend Barracuda's [Message Archiver](http://www.barracudanetworks.com/ns/products/archiver-features.php). It keeps a complete archive of all mail. It can also trim attachments from exchange and host them itself. It provides a link in the original message to the trimmed attachments. | To archive a copy of every message, create a journaling mailbox on the server |
5,462 | I am familiar with archiving messages on the client side to .pst's... Are there good methods of archiving messages from multiple mailboxes on the server side? | 2009/05/06 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/5462",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/1585/"
] | [GFI MailArchiver](http://www.gfi.com/mailarchiver/) is the 3rd party product I see recommended a lot for this purpose.
And while this won't be of any help now, many of the features in Exchange Server 2010 will focus on easing [archiving and retention](http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/2010/en/us/Archiving-and-Retention.aspx). | To archive a copy of every message, create a journaling mailbox on the server |
5,462 | I am familiar with archiving messages on the client side to .pst's... Are there good methods of archiving messages from multiple mailboxes on the server side? | 2009/05/06 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/5462",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/1585/"
] | I recommend Barracuda's [Message Archiver](http://www.barracudanetworks.com/ns/products/archiver-features.php). It keeps a complete archive of all mail. It can also trim attachments from exchange and host them itself. It provides a link in the original message to the trimmed attachments. | I invite you to try out the [exchange archiving](http://www.metalogix.net/Products/Professional-Archive-Manager-for-Exchange/) software from Metalogix too. Priced right for small business and all the solutions we needed. Symantec was too complex and pricey for us. The company I work for had a problem where we couldn’t go to a hosted model for fear of privacy and clients wishes. We had to archive with something in house. Thx |
60,075 | Doing a trip in Europe. I know in UK the bike paths are optional. You can ride on them or you can ride on the road, whatever feels better for you.
Somebody told me that in Netherlands most bike paths are mandatory, not optional, but I can't find any information in English about it. | 2019/03/31 | [
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/60075",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/users/37756/"
] | Mandatory
=========
Mandatory **bike paths** do exist in the Netherlands (Article 5 of [RVV 1990](https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0004825/2018-07-01) regarding traffic and signage rules) and will be marked with a "G11" sign, a round lollipop sign with a white bicycle on a blue background.
Sometimes they will additionally be distinguished from footpaths, parking spaces and other paved surfaces by a red coloring.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/R2FPas.jpg)
Some mandatory **bike paths** are also mandatory for mopeds and will be marked with the "G12a" sign below, a round lollipop sign with both a white bicycle and a white moped on a blue background.
You will typically find these outside of city limits or along roadways with a speed limit exceeding 50 km/h.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/BWEGPs.jpg)
Mandatory **bike lanes** are not physically separated from the the main roadway but the lane will be marked with bike (often enclosed by a white circle) , a (semi) continuous white line separating the bike lane from the main traffic lanes and sometimes the red colored riding surface.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/UIUgXs.jpg)
Optional
========
Optional for cyclists are bike paths marked with a square blue sign "fietspad".
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Iq3bBs.jpg)
Forbidden for bicycles
======================
Probably a bit redundant but cycling is forbidden where and when indicated by the explicit sign, but also by the implicit signs indicating a pedestrian only area, on bus lanes, and on motor- and expressways.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/f7hHQs.png) [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/pxWcJs.png) [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/taGZ0s.jpg) [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/sADsls.png) [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/3DZX1s.png)
Absence
=======
When no mandatory bike path is indicated and there is no sign explicitly or implicitly prohibiting access for bikes, then bicyles are allowed on the main road. | If the bike path is marked with a round blue bike sign then it is a mandatory-use path. Optional bike paths are marked with a rectangular blue sign saying fietspad ("bike path'). See the link for the images: <https://www.fietsersbond.nl/ons-werk/infrastructuur/fietspaden/>. |
118,518 | Some mates and I have the amount to cover the cost of an item but have a credit limit lower then the price. The purchase has a hard requirement that the payment method is a credit card. So, my mates and I put a negative balance on the card (I.E: The balance is 0 and then we pay something like 16,000 on it, making the balance -16,000 so we can make the large purchase putting the -16,000 balance back to 0).
Could we make the purchase using this method? | 2019/12/27 | [
"https://money.stackexchange.com/questions/118518",
"https://money.stackexchange.com",
"https://money.stackexchange.com/users/92730/"
] | Ultimately, in order to answer this, you need to check your cardholder's agreement, and/or call your issuing bank and ask them. Card behaviors around credit balances and purchases larger than your limit will vary from bank to bank.
Most banks will be happy to let you carry a credit balance (after all, that's essentially you lending them cash for free), but by regulation they are required to make a good-faith effort to refund your money within 6 months. Few banks will take action before that limit without you prompting them to (i.e. explicitly asking for a refund). However, it sounds like you plan on implementing this "immediately" before making your transaction.
You may run into issues with this, as some issuers implement a rule that says that no single transaction can be equal to or larger than the credit limit on the card - even if you have a credit balance, you can never charge more than the limit. However, other banks are totally happy allowing that to happen if you have a credit balance large enough to keep the balance under the limit.
So - call your bank and ask. Or, ask the merchant if you can split the transaction into several smaller ones. Or, call your bank and ask for a higher credit limit. | As others have said, it depends a lot on the card issuer (and country), and by experience, it can vary with time as well.
I used to put a very large credit balance on one of the Amex cards I had, in order to have the ability to pay amounts much larger than the credit limit on that card (I wanted to use that specific card for some miles-related reason I don't remember).
This worked very well for months, until one day when I was at the other end of the world they called me to tell me they couldn't accept that any longer, and they immediately refunded the credit. Which was quite annoying as I suddenly couldn't pay some large bill exceeding the limit with that card.
As far as I understand it, Amex have made explicit changes to their T&Cs for at least some cards to make it clear they don't want you do to that (they may even reject payments that would make your balance go into credit).
Your best option is to see if you can pay the amount through other means. Most merchants would actually much, much prefer a bank transfer over a credit card payment any day of the week for such an amount: credit card fees for $16000 are usually several hundred dollars. Also, a credit card payment is much more likely to get a "chargeback" (cancellation/dispute) than a bank transfer.
Your next best option is to call the card issuer to ask whether they can either increase your limit or accept an overpayment **AND** that overpayment would actually add to your total limit. |
118,518 | Some mates and I have the amount to cover the cost of an item but have a credit limit lower then the price. The purchase has a hard requirement that the payment method is a credit card. So, my mates and I put a negative balance on the card (I.E: The balance is 0 and then we pay something like 16,000 on it, making the balance -16,000 so we can make the large purchase putting the -16,000 balance back to 0).
Could we make the purchase using this method? | 2019/12/27 | [
"https://money.stackexchange.com/questions/118518",
"https://money.stackexchange.com",
"https://money.stackexchange.com/users/92730/"
] | Most credit cards (at least here in the US) do have the concept of temporarily raising a credit limit for a purchase. It's always by request, and there's no guarantee of approval, so you would have to try and see. If the amount is grossly different from your current limit it will probably be a challenge unless your credit score and income have dramatically improved since they put your limit in place.
If you can't get a limit increase, then as [Aganju](https://money.stackexchange.com/users/35405/aganju) suggested, finding a friend or family member with a high enough limit and giving them the money is probably a good bet.
I know I'd be happy to earn cash back for such a large fully-reimbursed purchase.
---
One other thing I want to add. This purchase sounds.. somewhat sketchy.
What merchant would pay credit processing fees on a high amount when a buyer is willing to pay cash/bank transfer?
What merchant would be willing to accept a single credit card payment for such a high amount but not allow splitting among several cards (the per-transaction fixed fee would be negligible at high dollar amounts where the percentage-based fees would make up the bulk). | Typically, that does **not** work. Calling the bank might give you different info, but there is a risk that it won't work, even though the bank explicitly confirms it (happened to me, BoA). At the end, the original credit limit of the card applies, even if you overpay it with a million.
You can try to call and ask for a limit increase, even only temporarily; the risk with that is that your credit score might probably go down, and it might get declined, so you end up worse than before.
Also, once you transfer the money onto the credit card, it takes a lot longer to get it back. The official claim is typically '4-6 weeks', but it might work in 10 days if you are lucky.
My solution was to take out cash and hand it to a (personally and well-known!) friend, who had enough limit on her credit card and made the booking for me. The bank impressed only by being extraordinary disinformed, self-contradicting, helpless, and counterproductive. |
118,518 | Some mates and I have the amount to cover the cost of an item but have a credit limit lower then the price. The purchase has a hard requirement that the payment method is a credit card. So, my mates and I put a negative balance on the card (I.E: The balance is 0 and then we pay something like 16,000 on it, making the balance -16,000 so we can make the large purchase putting the -16,000 balance back to 0).
Could we make the purchase using this method? | 2019/12/27 | [
"https://money.stackexchange.com/questions/118518",
"https://money.stackexchange.com",
"https://money.stackexchange.com/users/92730/"
] | Most credit cards (at least here in the US) do have the concept of temporarily raising a credit limit for a purchase. It's always by request, and there's no guarantee of approval, so you would have to try and see. If the amount is grossly different from your current limit it will probably be a challenge unless your credit score and income have dramatically improved since they put your limit in place.
If you can't get a limit increase, then as [Aganju](https://money.stackexchange.com/users/35405/aganju) suggested, finding a friend or family member with a high enough limit and giving them the money is probably a good bet.
I know I'd be happy to earn cash back for such a large fully-reimbursed purchase.
---
One other thing I want to add. This purchase sounds.. somewhat sketchy.
What merchant would pay credit processing fees on a high amount when a buyer is willing to pay cash/bank transfer?
What merchant would be willing to accept a single credit card payment for such a high amount but not allow splitting among several cards (the per-transaction fixed fee would be negligible at high dollar amounts where the percentage-based fees would make up the bulk). | You can possibly find a prepaid credit card. This is a card (in the USA, generally Visa or MasterCard) which looks to the merchant like a credit card, but from your viewpoint is one where you deposit money in advance, and any charges are debited against your existing credit. I have never used one, but if they work logically you should be able to deposit 16,000 of whatever currency you use, then charge that amount. Here's one list of potential vendors: <https://usa.visa.com/pay-with-visa/find-card/get-prepaid-card> |
183,019 | When a few people or groups of people give each other something they do not have at first to utilize, which word would be correct to use?
For example, my friends and I have a dictionary while we need more sheets of papers or books. We give them our dictionary and we get allowed to use their books we need. Since we do not take the books or give the dictionary permanently, I doubt that the word exchange is correct. On the other hand, the word share connotes a situation that both groups use the same thing at the same time. Is there a word for the scenario? | 2018/10/18 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/183019",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/11631/"
] | Your statement *A is 2 hours within of B* is ungrammatical. It should be
>
> A is within 2 hours of B.
>
>
>
It means that it would require two hours or less to travel from A to B. | As already pointed out, the phrase is:
>
> (something) is (amount) within [of (something else)].
>
>
>
* My office is **within** 2 miles **of** the bus station.
* The second train departs **within** 5 minutes **of** the first train's arrival.
It is common to drop the last part. In that case, you would normally understand it to mean "now" for time, "here" for space, and so on:
* My office is **within** 2 miles.
== My office is **within** 2 miles **of** here.
* The train departs **within** 5 minutes.
== The train departs **within** 5 minutes **of** now.
For points within a perimeter, **of** is not used:
* These trees are **within** my property.
* The jar is **within** my reach.
>
> "A-B=2 hours or B-A=2 hours"
>
>
>
Mathematically, you could think of **within** as expressing < (less than) or ≤ (less than or equal to), depending on the situation. Or informally ± (plus or minus).
* The point x is **within** the circle C.
In this situation I would assume you mean strictly less than. I.e. if the point lies exactly on the border of the circle, it is no longer considered to be 'within' the circle:
>
> Let d\_x be the distance from the center of circle C to point x.
>
>
> Let r be the radius of C.
>
>
> d\_x < r
>
>
>
* My house is **within** 2 miles of the train station.
In this situation I would assume mean less than or equal to (≤) rather than strictly less than (<). In other words, if your house is actually exactly 2.000 miles from the train station, you have still made an accurate statement.
* The estimate is **within** 5%.
== The estimated value is within 5% of the true value.
In this situation, I would suspect you mean that the estimate could be less than 5% of the true value, *or* it could be exactly 5% of the true value. I.e. ≤ (less than or equal).
>
> Let e be the estimated value.
>
>
> Let v be the true value.
>
>
> v - 0.05v ≤ e ≤ v + 0.05v
>
>
> |
8,135 | I haven't looked at the Grand Canyon on a sectional yet, but I know that it is definitely big enough (by far) so that someone could fly a plane under the level of the rim and stil meet all of clearance requirements for VFR flight.
Is it legal, and safe to take an airplane into the canyon? | 2014/08/14 | [
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/8135",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/users/700/"
] | It is generally not legal to fly *into* the Grand Canyon - there is a SFRA (Special Flight Rules Area) over much of the canyon which is designed to keep General Aviation traffic from annoying tourists (and away from the commercial air tour operators). For both GA and commercial tours there are altitude restrictions which keep flights well above the canyon rim.
([You can download a chart of the Grand Canyon SFRA from the FAA](https://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/flight_info/aeronav/digital_products/vfr/))
Were it legal it probably would not be the safest idea anyway: Inside the canyon there are strong, often unpredictable winds. The conditions would be similar to flying a mountain pass, but with substantially less clearance between your wings and the canyon wall in some places. | Safe maybe, but not legal. Not anymore - the helicopter tours did fly into the canyon years ago, but it became illegal in 1987, prompted by a mid-air collision in 1986. [A Special Federal Aviation Regulations (SFAR)](https://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/arc/programs/grand_canyon_overflights/documentation/StatutoryRegulatoryandLitigationBackground.pdf) was adopted which regulates traffic below 14,500 ft MSL. This height limit can be raised seasonally to 18.000 ft, and only commercial tour operators are allowed to fly below. For GA traffic three small north-south lanes allow crossing at 10,500 (southbound) rsp. 11,500 ft (northbound). Now even the number of fixed wing and helicopter tour flights is restricted to reduce noise. |
8,135 | I haven't looked at the Grand Canyon on a sectional yet, but I know that it is definitely big enough (by far) so that someone could fly a plane under the level of the rim and stil meet all of clearance requirements for VFR flight.
Is it legal, and safe to take an airplane into the canyon? | 2014/08/14 | [
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/8135",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/users/700/"
] | The answer is: no, normal flights are not allowed under the canyon rim.
If you look at the sectional chart, you see this notice:
Searching through the CFR (Title 14, Part 91) brings up this [Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 50-2](http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?node=14:2.0.1.3.10&rgn=div5#ap14.2.91.1) - Special Flight Rules in the Vicinity of the Grand Canyon National Park, AZ.
Ther is also [Supbart U](http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title14-vol2/xml/CFR-2012-title14-vol2-part93-subpartU.xml) of Part 93.
The Subpart U regulations seem to be the most current applicable regulations (please correct me if I am wrong).
The rule applies to everything under 18,000 feet MSL within an area around the park (like the chart says).
>
> Except in an emergency or if otherwise necessary for safety of flight, or unless otherwise authorized by the Flight Standards District Office for a purpose listed in 93.309, no person may operate an aircraft in the Special Flight Rules Area within the following flight-free zones:
>
>
>
It then describes the four zones: Desert View, Bright Angel, Toroweap/Shinumo, Sanup Flight-free Zone. You can't fly through these, but between them are "corridors" in which you are allowed to fly above a certain altitude. See [this map](http://www.nps.gov/grca/parkmgmt/upload/Map_Posters.pdf) for locations of the Flight-Free Zones and corridors.
There are also minimum sector altitudes for different areas, including the corridors, which are going to be the main thing preventing you from flying very low. The altitudes are different for commercial air tours versus transient and general aviation.
Also:
>
> no person may operate an aircraft within 500 feet of any terrain or structure located between the north and south rims of the Grand Canyon.
>
>
>
There are also noise limits depending on the aircraft type.
For some info on the background of these rules, see this [NPS study](http://www.nps.gov/grca/parkmgmt/upload/GCNP_DEIS_Cover_through_Chapter_3.pdf). | Safe maybe, but not legal. Not anymore - the helicopter tours did fly into the canyon years ago, but it became illegal in 1987, prompted by a mid-air collision in 1986. [A Special Federal Aviation Regulations (SFAR)](https://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/arc/programs/grand_canyon_overflights/documentation/StatutoryRegulatoryandLitigationBackground.pdf) was adopted which regulates traffic below 14,500 ft MSL. This height limit can be raised seasonally to 18.000 ft, and only commercial tour operators are allowed to fly below. For GA traffic three small north-south lanes allow crossing at 10,500 (southbound) rsp. 11,500 ft (northbound). Now even the number of fixed wing and helicopter tour flights is restricted to reduce noise. |
8,135 | I haven't looked at the Grand Canyon on a sectional yet, but I know that it is definitely big enough (by far) so that someone could fly a plane under the level of the rim and stil meet all of clearance requirements for VFR flight.
Is it legal, and safe to take an airplane into the canyon? | 2014/08/14 | [
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/8135",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/users/700/"
] | Safe maybe, but not legal. Not anymore - the helicopter tours did fly into the canyon years ago, but it became illegal in 1987, prompted by a mid-air collision in 1986. [A Special Federal Aviation Regulations (SFAR)](https://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/arc/programs/grand_canyon_overflights/documentation/StatutoryRegulatoryandLitigationBackground.pdf) was adopted which regulates traffic below 14,500 ft MSL. This height limit can be raised seasonally to 18.000 ft, and only commercial tour operators are allowed to fly below. For GA traffic three small north-south lanes allow crossing at 10,500 (southbound) rsp. 11,500 ft (northbound). Now even the number of fixed wing and helicopter tour flights is restricted to reduce noise. | December 1979. Air Force F4C, call sign taste 27 got permission from Albuquerque center to fly into the canyon. Was told we were making history, that we were the last jet to be allowed into the canyon. |
8,135 | I haven't looked at the Grand Canyon on a sectional yet, but I know that it is definitely big enough (by far) so that someone could fly a plane under the level of the rim and stil meet all of clearance requirements for VFR flight.
Is it legal, and safe to take an airplane into the canyon? | 2014/08/14 | [
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/8135",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/users/700/"
] | The answer is: no, normal flights are not allowed under the canyon rim.
If you look at the sectional chart, you see this notice:
Searching through the CFR (Title 14, Part 91) brings up this [Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 50-2](http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?node=14:2.0.1.3.10&rgn=div5#ap14.2.91.1) - Special Flight Rules in the Vicinity of the Grand Canyon National Park, AZ.
Ther is also [Supbart U](http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title14-vol2/xml/CFR-2012-title14-vol2-part93-subpartU.xml) of Part 93.
The Subpart U regulations seem to be the most current applicable regulations (please correct me if I am wrong).
The rule applies to everything under 18,000 feet MSL within an area around the park (like the chart says).
>
> Except in an emergency or if otherwise necessary for safety of flight, or unless otherwise authorized by the Flight Standards District Office for a purpose listed in 93.309, no person may operate an aircraft in the Special Flight Rules Area within the following flight-free zones:
>
>
>
It then describes the four zones: Desert View, Bright Angel, Toroweap/Shinumo, Sanup Flight-free Zone. You can't fly through these, but between them are "corridors" in which you are allowed to fly above a certain altitude. See [this map](http://www.nps.gov/grca/parkmgmt/upload/Map_Posters.pdf) for locations of the Flight-Free Zones and corridors.
There are also minimum sector altitudes for different areas, including the corridors, which are going to be the main thing preventing you from flying very low. The altitudes are different for commercial air tours versus transient and general aviation.
Also:
>
> no person may operate an aircraft within 500 feet of any terrain or structure located between the north and south rims of the Grand Canyon.
>
>
>
There are also noise limits depending on the aircraft type.
For some info on the background of these rules, see this [NPS study](http://www.nps.gov/grca/parkmgmt/upload/GCNP_DEIS_Cover_through_Chapter_3.pdf). | It is generally not legal to fly *into* the Grand Canyon - there is a SFRA (Special Flight Rules Area) over much of the canyon which is designed to keep General Aviation traffic from annoying tourists (and away from the commercial air tour operators). For both GA and commercial tours there are altitude restrictions which keep flights well above the canyon rim.
([You can download a chart of the Grand Canyon SFRA from the FAA](https://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/flight_info/aeronav/digital_products/vfr/))
Were it legal it probably would not be the safest idea anyway: Inside the canyon there are strong, often unpredictable winds. The conditions would be similar to flying a mountain pass, but with substantially less clearance between your wings and the canyon wall in some places. |
8,135 | I haven't looked at the Grand Canyon on a sectional yet, but I know that it is definitely big enough (by far) so that someone could fly a plane under the level of the rim and stil meet all of clearance requirements for VFR flight.
Is it legal, and safe to take an airplane into the canyon? | 2014/08/14 | [
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/8135",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/users/700/"
] | It is generally not legal to fly *into* the Grand Canyon - there is a SFRA (Special Flight Rules Area) over much of the canyon which is designed to keep General Aviation traffic from annoying tourists (and away from the commercial air tour operators). For both GA and commercial tours there are altitude restrictions which keep flights well above the canyon rim.
([You can download a chart of the Grand Canyon SFRA from the FAA](https://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/flight_info/aeronav/digital_products/vfr/))
Were it legal it probably would not be the safest idea anyway: Inside the canyon there are strong, often unpredictable winds. The conditions would be similar to flying a mountain pass, but with substantially less clearance between your wings and the canyon wall in some places. | December 1979. Air Force F4C, call sign taste 27 got permission from Albuquerque center to fly into the canyon. Was told we were making history, that we were the last jet to be allowed into the canyon. |
8,135 | I haven't looked at the Grand Canyon on a sectional yet, but I know that it is definitely big enough (by far) so that someone could fly a plane under the level of the rim and stil meet all of clearance requirements for VFR flight.
Is it legal, and safe to take an airplane into the canyon? | 2014/08/14 | [
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/8135",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/users/700/"
] | The answer is: no, normal flights are not allowed under the canyon rim.
If you look at the sectional chart, you see this notice:
Searching through the CFR (Title 14, Part 91) brings up this [Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 50-2](http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?node=14:2.0.1.3.10&rgn=div5#ap14.2.91.1) - Special Flight Rules in the Vicinity of the Grand Canyon National Park, AZ.
Ther is also [Supbart U](http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title14-vol2/xml/CFR-2012-title14-vol2-part93-subpartU.xml) of Part 93.
The Subpart U regulations seem to be the most current applicable regulations (please correct me if I am wrong).
The rule applies to everything under 18,000 feet MSL within an area around the park (like the chart says).
>
> Except in an emergency or if otherwise necessary for safety of flight, or unless otherwise authorized by the Flight Standards District Office for a purpose listed in 93.309, no person may operate an aircraft in the Special Flight Rules Area within the following flight-free zones:
>
>
>
It then describes the four zones: Desert View, Bright Angel, Toroweap/Shinumo, Sanup Flight-free Zone. You can't fly through these, but between them are "corridors" in which you are allowed to fly above a certain altitude. See [this map](http://www.nps.gov/grca/parkmgmt/upload/Map_Posters.pdf) for locations of the Flight-Free Zones and corridors.
There are also minimum sector altitudes for different areas, including the corridors, which are going to be the main thing preventing you from flying very low. The altitudes are different for commercial air tours versus transient and general aviation.
Also:
>
> no person may operate an aircraft within 500 feet of any terrain or structure located between the north and south rims of the Grand Canyon.
>
>
>
There are also noise limits depending on the aircraft type.
For some info on the background of these rules, see this [NPS study](http://www.nps.gov/grca/parkmgmt/upload/GCNP_DEIS_Cover_through_Chapter_3.pdf). | December 1979. Air Force F4C, call sign taste 27 got permission from Albuquerque center to fly into the canyon. Was told we were making history, that we were the last jet to be allowed into the canyon. |
146,070 | I am trying to understand when my probation period ends.
My contract states that
>
> The first 6 months is probation period and notice is 1 week for either party and once its ended notice is 1 month.
>
>
> For avoidance of doubt, Probationary period is only over once the manager confirms over email its ended.
>
>
>
In my company there is no official confirmation usually when one's probation period ends.
I am planning to change jobs due to personal reasons and not sure if the probation period ends in the first 6 calender months or the first 6 months counted from the date of joining. (My date of joining was towards the end of April 2019)
I am currently nearing the completion of the first 6 months from the date of joining hence the question whether my notice is 1 week or a month. | 2019/10/05 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/146070",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/98712/"
] | For most employers, **this won't be an issue or seen as a negative in reviewing your resume/application.** There are a variety of ways that background-checking agencies can verify that you were employed even if the business is no longer operating.
If you're concerned that you won't be able to provide a reference, you should **consider asking a previous manager to act a reference, even if they are no longer employed at the same firm.** You might be able to reach previous managers on LinkedIn if you don't have recent contact info. | There is no reason you cannot prove your employment at a company. You should be able to show your old pay stubs, as well as state and federal tax records that prove your previous employment. |
146,070 | I am trying to understand when my probation period ends.
My contract states that
>
> The first 6 months is probation period and notice is 1 week for either party and once its ended notice is 1 month.
>
>
> For avoidance of doubt, Probationary period is only over once the manager confirms over email its ended.
>
>
>
In my company there is no official confirmation usually when one's probation period ends.
I am planning to change jobs due to personal reasons and not sure if the probation period ends in the first 6 calender months or the first 6 months counted from the date of joining. (My date of joining was towards the end of April 2019)
I am currently nearing the completion of the first 6 months from the date of joining hence the question whether my notice is 1 week or a month. | 2019/10/05 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/146070",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/98712/"
] | For most employers, **this won't be an issue or seen as a negative in reviewing your resume/application.** There are a variety of ways that background-checking agencies can verify that you were employed even if the business is no longer operating.
If you're concerned that you won't be able to provide a reference, you should **consider asking a previous manager to act a reference, even if they are no longer employed at the same firm.** You might be able to reach previous managers on LinkedIn if you don't have recent contact info. | You can get a verification letter from your previous manager and colleagues , with a proof of pay. |
44,401,339 | I'm getting an error when I try to run my node.I have installed ws and websocket, but seems that none is working
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/OGh6S.png) | 2017/06/06 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/44401339",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/7395776/"
] | Most likely what is happening is that you are executing your script with an older version of node (more specifically V8) that had restrictions on how/where some ES6 features could be used. Upgrading node (*at least* to v4.0.0) should fix the problem. | Simply replace 'const' by 'var'. Strict mode forces you to declare your variables explicitely. |
10,244,782 | when I develop an iPhone App (Time Tracker, ToDoList etc) I never know whats the best way to deal with the data. Once I used a plist, next time sqlite or CoreData.
How do you decide whats the best for your project?
(Only talking about data management)
For Example if you want to develop:
* Time Tracker App > Is PList your choice?
* RSS Reader App > CoreData?
* Photo App > sqlite?
* EMail Client > ?
For a beginner can you point me roughly to proper directions?
(I know it depends a lot on the App and what you like to do with
it but any thought will help)
I'm far away from developing complicated apps, they are still pretty simple.
Thanks for help,
Marc | 2012/04/20 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/10244782",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/-1/"
] | You can use these rules of thumb to decide what storage model will work for your app.
* If the data fits in memory entirely and is relatively unstructured, use plist
* If the data fits in memory entirely and has tree-like structure, use XML
* If the data does not fit in memory and has a structure of a graph, and the app does not need extraordinary query capabilities, use Core Data
* If the data does not fit in memory, has a complex structure, or the app benefits from powerful query capabilities provided by relational databases, use sqlite
* If the data must be secret (e.g. a password), use [keychain](https://developer.apple.com/library/ios/#documentation/security/Conceptual/keychainServConcepts/iPhoneTasks/iPhoneTasks.html).
Note that these choices often overlap, because multiple storage models will fit the same app. Your final decision depends on your personal preferences - you pick a technology that you understand better.
There was a [very good question about sqlite vs. Core Data](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/523482/core-data-vs-sqlite-3) on Stack Overflow, you may want to read through the answers to that question. | My rule of thumb for each of those would be:
* Time Tracker App > Core Data
* RSS Reader App > Core Data
* Photo App > Core Data
* EMail Client > Core Data
Though in each case there would be things you would store on the file system. For instance, the photo app would obviously put the actual photos on the file system. The text of the emails would be on the file system etc. The actual RSS messages might be text files too, but with meta data in Core Data objects.
At some point, you might find that the data you are storing is outgrowing the scalability of Core Data. At that point you would consider moving to SQLite.
The point is that Core Data is so easy to use and so superior to the alleged lighter weight alternatives, why wouldn't you use it? |
9,285 | Basically I've found a rare prototype piece for sale, one of the red Vader helmets, and I want to make sure it s real. The description says that it has no production number printed, which makes sense because I'm not sure why a prototype would have a production number.
I've seen another for sale in the past that said it had a production number printed, and that it was number 1. So I'm not sure which one is real. | 2017/10/07 | [
"https://bricks.stackexchange.com/questions/9285",
"https://bricks.stackexchange.com",
"https://bricks.stackexchange.com/users/9296/"
] | I have encountered a few prototypes over the years and none had any production numbers. Just the word LEGO and the year. So it probably is a genuine LEGO piece. | I've never found one like that, and I'm a master builder, so no, probably not. |
94,005 | I have permission to access a (borrowed) Arduino Uno, and the documentation says it can be powered with 3.3 Volts from the 3V3 pin:
3V3. A 3.3 volt supply generated by the on-board regulator. Maximum current draw is 50 mA.
<http://arduino.cc/en/Main/arduinoBoardUno>
However, I would like to use a 24V DC power source.
The safe range is supposed to be 6V-20V.
If I could get a transformer in place to change the 24V DC to 8V DC, could I apply that 8V to the 3V3 input (without frying the board)? | 2013/12/18 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/94005",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/34322/"
] | Connecting anything much above 3.3V (as in say 3.6V) to that rail would fry the Arduino. A transformer only operates with AC voltage not DC, so the best way for what you want to achieve is a step-down regulator also known as a buck converter. Variable ones that can accept 24V DC and output 3.3V (be careful to adjust it before connecting) are available on e-bay. Here's the first example I found:
[DC Adjustable Voltage Buck Converter 4.5-25.5V to 3-24V Step-down Power Module](http://www.ebay.com.au/itm/DC-Adjustable-Voltage-Buck-Converter-4-5-25-5V-to-3-24V-Step-down-Power-Module-/400432774838?pt=AU_B_I_Electrical_Test_Equipment&hash=item5d3ba73eb6)
**But important:** I'd taken at face value that your statement was correct that it was OK to power the board from 3.3V over that line. As [Peter Bennet](https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/19835/peter-bennett) correctly states some parts are actually 5V based and the 3.3V rail is the output of a regulator. Without removing the regulator and knowing the exact consequences that isn't a good idea.
Instead you should consider setting the regulator for say 8V and connect it to the 6V-20V input socket on the Arduino where you'd normally apply an external power supply / wall wart etc. That gives you a bit of extra safety if the adjustment on the regulator ever gets changed or drifts a bit. | The board has a power supply input named X1 , the voltage that is connected there goes through a [NCP1117](http://www.onsemi.com/pub/Collateral/NCP1117-D.PDF) regulator to generate the 5v supply that feeds the 5v parts
and the 5v supply is then fed to another regulator [LP2985-33](http://www.ti.com/litv/slvs522n) that outputs the 3.3v in order to supply the 3.3v parts
Apart from that, there is an available input that is intended to supply the board from the a USB cable (5v)
According to the board specs for the supply input X1
>
> Input Voltage (recommended) 7-12V
>
> Input Voltage (limits) 6-20V
>
>
>
The high input voltage limit of 20v is forced by the maximal input voltage of the NCP1117, a higher voltage would damage the regulator.
Basically you can only connect voltages to two points, one is the USBVCC which i intended for regulated 5v supply (from USB port or 5v wall supply) and the other one named X1 where you should connect a supply that is between 6v-20v and which is where you should connect the 8v or 12v (referring always to DC voltages) you talk about.
There is no 3.3v input. |
94,005 | I have permission to access a (borrowed) Arduino Uno, and the documentation says it can be powered with 3.3 Volts from the 3V3 pin:
3V3. A 3.3 volt supply generated by the on-board regulator. Maximum current draw is 50 mA.
<http://arduino.cc/en/Main/arduinoBoardUno>
However, I would like to use a 24V DC power source.
The safe range is supposed to be 6V-20V.
If I could get a transformer in place to change the 24V DC to 8V DC, could I apply that 8V to the 3V3 input (without frying the board)? | 2013/12/18 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/94005",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/34322/"
] | According to the Adruino info page, and to the schematic linked there, the 3.3 volt terminal is an *output* from an internal regulator, and cannot be used as an input to power the board. The schematic clearly shows the AVR powered from 5 volts.
According to that page, the board can be powered by 5 volts from USB, or by an external 6 - 20 volt DC supply. There is a warning that the on-board regulator may overheat if the external supply is above 12 volts, and may be unstable if the external supply drops below 7 volts (so it should really be spec'd for 7 - 12 volts, not 6 - 20, in my opinion.). | The board has a power supply input named X1 , the voltage that is connected there goes through a [NCP1117](http://www.onsemi.com/pub/Collateral/NCP1117-D.PDF) regulator to generate the 5v supply that feeds the 5v parts
and the 5v supply is then fed to another regulator [LP2985-33](http://www.ti.com/litv/slvs522n) that outputs the 3.3v in order to supply the 3.3v parts
Apart from that, there is an available input that is intended to supply the board from the a USB cable (5v)
According to the board specs for the supply input X1
>
> Input Voltage (recommended) 7-12V
>
> Input Voltage (limits) 6-20V
>
>
>
The high input voltage limit of 20v is forced by the maximal input voltage of the NCP1117, a higher voltage would damage the regulator.
Basically you can only connect voltages to two points, one is the USBVCC which i intended for regulated 5v supply (from USB port or 5v wall supply) and the other one named X1 where you should connect a supply that is between 6v-20v and which is where you should connect the 8v or 12v (referring always to DC voltages) you talk about.
There is no 3.3v input. |
19,016 | I have two SharePoint List and each of them have a workflow.
Both list's workflow have the option 'start this workflow when a new item is created' ticked.
Workflow in the 1st list may move item to 2nd list if it fulfill certain requirements. Same goes to 2nd list (Workflow in the 2nd list may also move item to 1st list if it fulfill certain requirements)
May I know if there could be a scenario whereby item are looping between two list? (In another way, is a item that is moved from another list consider a new item?) | 2011/09/09 | [
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/questions/19016",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/users/4689/"
] | We've run into a couple of problems with the User Profiles after SP1 and June CU. While they may not be exactly the problem you are encountering, they are something to check to ensure there are no problems from these as well.
1st: FIM's configuration file is changed to use .net 4.0. This doesn't work, details are in this article [by Todd Carter](http://todd-carter.com/post/2011/07/01/The-User-Profile-Service-Heats-up-With-a-June-CU-Regression.aspx).
2nd: User Profile photos can only be updated by the user themselves -- NOT User profile Admins. Details in this article [by Trevor Seward](http://sharepoint.nauplius.net/2011/07/user-profile-administrators-can-no.html).
I hope one (or both) of those articles will save you from the late nights my co-worker went thru before finding them. | This is most likely due to a change in the service accounts. Is it possible that there was a manual change to the service accounts through IIS Manager that was reset to the configured account when the configuration manager was run after the service pack installation?
Please refer to [Spencer Harbar's User Profile Sync Guide](http://www.harbar.net/articles/sp2010ups.aspx) for the proper service account roles and permissions if you haven't already. |
19,016 | I have two SharePoint List and each of them have a workflow.
Both list's workflow have the option 'start this workflow when a new item is created' ticked.
Workflow in the 1st list may move item to 2nd list if it fulfill certain requirements. Same goes to 2nd list (Workflow in the 2nd list may also move item to 1st list if it fulfill certain requirements)
May I know if there could be a scenario whereby item are looping between two list? (In another way, is a item that is moved from another list consider a new item?) | 2011/09/09 | [
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/questions/19016",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/users/4689/"
] | It looks like this wasn't a UPS specific issue; one of the web front ends essentially bricked itself as part of the upgrade. Detaching it from the farm and re-adding it didn't solve the issue; we actually ended up rebuilding the box. | This is most likely due to a change in the service accounts. Is it possible that there was a manual change to the service accounts through IIS Manager that was reset to the configured account when the configuration manager was run after the service pack installation?
Please refer to [Spencer Harbar's User Profile Sync Guide](http://www.harbar.net/articles/sp2010ups.aspx) for the proper service account roles and permissions if you haven't already. |
19,016 | I have two SharePoint List and each of them have a workflow.
Both list's workflow have the option 'start this workflow when a new item is created' ticked.
Workflow in the 1st list may move item to 2nd list if it fulfill certain requirements. Same goes to 2nd list (Workflow in the 2nd list may also move item to 1st list if it fulfill certain requirements)
May I know if there could be a scenario whereby item are looping between two list? (In another way, is a item that is moved from another list consider a new item?) | 2011/09/09 | [
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/questions/19016",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/users/4689/"
] | It looks like this wasn't a UPS specific issue; one of the web front ends essentially bricked itself as part of the upgrade. Detaching it from the farm and re-adding it didn't solve the issue; we actually ended up rebuilding the box. | We've run into a couple of problems with the User Profiles after SP1 and June CU. While they may not be exactly the problem you are encountering, they are something to check to ensure there are no problems from these as well.
1st: FIM's configuration file is changed to use .net 4.0. This doesn't work, details are in this article [by Todd Carter](http://todd-carter.com/post/2011/07/01/The-User-Profile-Service-Heats-up-With-a-June-CU-Regression.aspx).
2nd: User Profile photos can only be updated by the user themselves -- NOT User profile Admins. Details in this article [by Trevor Seward](http://sharepoint.nauplius.net/2011/07/user-profile-administrators-can-no.html).
I hope one (or both) of those articles will save you from the late nights my co-worker went thru before finding them. |
227,707 | I'm trying to get Apache to interpret my Ruby files but I don't understand how to do it. I'm not concerned with Rails right now, only Ruby. What I've found by Googling only confuses me. Any advice? | 2011/01/27 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/227707",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/53516/"
] | You can execute ruby scripts with fast cgi. Look at the [fcgi project](https://rubyforge.org/projects/fcgi/) for more information. | Try [modruby](http://www.modruby.net/en/). |
227,707 | I'm trying to get Apache to interpret my Ruby files but I don't understand how to do it. I'm not concerned with Rails right now, only Ruby. What I've found by Googling only confuses me. Any advice? | 2011/01/27 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/227707",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/53516/"
] | The most common way to run ruby code in a webserver environment is by having the code implement a rack interface. It is a very simple API that allows the webserver to speak to your ruby application. For Apache, the most common rack handler is passenger (aka. mod\_rails and mod\_rack). Almost all current ruby web frameworks (like rails, sinatra, camping, ...) connect to the webserver using a rack handler. You can use one of those frameworks, but you can also write rack apps directly without those. All ruby application servers (mongrel, thin, unicorn, rainbows, ...) implement the rack interface.
Another alternative would be to use (f)cgi, but I'd advise you to stay away from that route, as the interface and protocols are awkward and do not really provide modern management facilities. | Try [modruby](http://www.modruby.net/en/). |
227,707 | I'm trying to get Apache to interpret my Ruby files but I don't understand how to do it. I'm not concerned with Rails right now, only Ruby. What I've found by Googling only confuses me. Any advice? | 2011/01/27 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/227707",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/53516/"
] | I've been trying to find the **simple** answer to this question for a while now, and figured out all you have to do is put the ruby script in your webserver's cgi-bin directory and load the corresponding URL. So for example, in my default CentOS 6.2/httpd install, I put a script called hello.rb in /var/www/cgi-bin/ and then loaded up <http://localhost/cgi-bin/hello.rb> in my browser and it executed the script and showed me what went to STDOUT (i.e. from puts, etc).
What happens here is every time the URL is loaded, the script runs completely. This is not ideal for a high volume webserver or where speed is crucial -- so something like fastCGI keeps the script running always, but you have to write the script to handle that.
hope that helps. | Try [modruby](http://www.modruby.net/en/). |
227,707 | I'm trying to get Apache to interpret my Ruby files but I don't understand how to do it. I'm not concerned with Rails right now, only Ruby. What I've found by Googling only confuses me. Any advice? | 2011/01/27 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/227707",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/53516/"
] | The most common way to run ruby code in a webserver environment is by having the code implement a rack interface. It is a very simple API that allows the webserver to speak to your ruby application. For Apache, the most common rack handler is passenger (aka. mod\_rails and mod\_rack). Almost all current ruby web frameworks (like rails, sinatra, camping, ...) connect to the webserver using a rack handler. You can use one of those frameworks, but you can also write rack apps directly without those. All ruby application servers (mongrel, thin, unicorn, rainbows, ...) implement the rack interface.
Another alternative would be to use (f)cgi, but I'd advise you to stay away from that route, as the interface and protocols are awkward and do not really provide modern management facilities. | You can execute ruby scripts with fast cgi. Look at the [fcgi project](https://rubyforge.org/projects/fcgi/) for more information. |
227,707 | I'm trying to get Apache to interpret my Ruby files but I don't understand how to do it. I'm not concerned with Rails right now, only Ruby. What I've found by Googling only confuses me. Any advice? | 2011/01/27 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/227707",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/53516/"
] | I've been trying to find the **simple** answer to this question for a while now, and figured out all you have to do is put the ruby script in your webserver's cgi-bin directory and load the corresponding URL. So for example, in my default CentOS 6.2/httpd install, I put a script called hello.rb in /var/www/cgi-bin/ and then loaded up <http://localhost/cgi-bin/hello.rb> in my browser and it executed the script and showed me what went to STDOUT (i.e. from puts, etc).
What happens here is every time the URL is loaded, the script runs completely. This is not ideal for a high volume webserver or where speed is crucial -- so something like fastCGI keeps the script running always, but you have to write the script to handle that.
hope that helps. | You can execute ruby scripts with fast cgi. Look at the [fcgi project](https://rubyforge.org/projects/fcgi/) for more information. |
227,707 | I'm trying to get Apache to interpret my Ruby files but I don't understand how to do it. I'm not concerned with Rails right now, only Ruby. What I've found by Googling only confuses me. Any advice? | 2011/01/27 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/227707",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/53516/"
] | The most common way to run ruby code in a webserver environment is by having the code implement a rack interface. It is a very simple API that allows the webserver to speak to your ruby application. For Apache, the most common rack handler is passenger (aka. mod\_rails and mod\_rack). Almost all current ruby web frameworks (like rails, sinatra, camping, ...) connect to the webserver using a rack handler. You can use one of those frameworks, but you can also write rack apps directly without those. All ruby application servers (mongrel, thin, unicorn, rainbows, ...) implement the rack interface.
Another alternative would be to use (f)cgi, but I'd advise you to stay away from that route, as the interface and protocols are awkward and do not really provide modern management facilities. | I've been trying to find the **simple** answer to this question for a while now, and figured out all you have to do is put the ruby script in your webserver's cgi-bin directory and load the corresponding URL. So for example, in my default CentOS 6.2/httpd install, I put a script called hello.rb in /var/www/cgi-bin/ and then loaded up <http://localhost/cgi-bin/hello.rb> in my browser and it executed the script and showed me what went to STDOUT (i.e. from puts, etc).
What happens here is every time the URL is loaded, the script runs completely. This is not ideal for a high volume webserver or where speed is crucial -- so something like fastCGI keeps the script running always, but you have to write the script to handle that.
hope that helps. |
48,990 | 
Found this in my areca palm trees planted in ground. The place is moist and recieves lesser sunlight.
Should this be treated with some fungicide or just a raking of soil would do ?
It is winter here with 8-10 degree centigrade. | 2020/01/04 | [
"https://gardening.stackexchange.com/questions/48990",
"https://gardening.stackexchange.com",
"https://gardening.stackexchange.com/users/27718/"
] | I suspect the hyphae (the fungal growth you can see) is actually associated with the debris sitting on top of the soil and nothing to do with the roots of the Areca. It's difficult to be sure what the debris is, looks a bit like pine cones or something. Remove the debris and see if there's anything else under there this might be growing from; I'm not sure what the roughly rounded, blackened area covered in fungal strands (to the right, at the base of the trunk) is - can't tell if it's part of the tree or just more debris, so have a closer look at that. If that's just debris, remove that too. if it's not, post another picture once you've cleaned up the area.
Ongoing, keep the area clean - if it rarely or never receives sun, then best to keep it clean to prevent this sort of thing. | Fungus and mold like cooler areas that are more moist. What has happened here is the soil is moist and temperatures are cooler. You can scoop up the "bad" soil with the fungus and throw it in the garbage. Watch out if the plant starts to get sick and looks bad.
I use this mixture on my seedlings indoors to prevent mold and mildew: 1 part hydrogen peroxide and 10-15 parts water. You can try using that on your plant only if it looks sick.
Otherwise let the soil dry out completely around this plant before you water it. |
496,375 | **I'm new to the electronics world**, and I came to know that electronics companies (As Fairchild) provide datasheet for the components they produce (As IGBT, Triac, etc.).
**Do electronics companies (As Samsung, LG, Sony, etc.) provide a datasheets & a diagrams for the electric boards in their devices?**
**If the answer is NO!** Then how can you tell what component is connected to other components in an electric board that you are fixing for a better diagnosis of the problem, especially with the existence of the "Surface" components as (Capacitors, Resistance, Optocoupler, etc.)?
**If the answer is YES!** Where can I find these diagrams?
Thank you in advance | 2020/04/28 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/496375",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/247982/"
] | If the manufacturer provides a **service manual**, it would be there. In the very old days it was common to have the schematics inside the manual or sometimes even glued to the inside of the case on old television sets, but those days are long gone. For test and lab equipment sometimes the schematics are provided with the detailed user manual.
Most consumer products are very reliable and not easy to fix so it makes little sense to make schematics available to to the public.
Sometimes 3rd parties like Sam's will provide service manuals.
Even without service manuals, looking for power supply problems and obvious connections between subsystems, backlight inverters and so on can allow a substantial subset of common issues to be repaired. | It's hard to believe all circuits are public. Maybe here and there you can find some. They used to be maybe 40 years ago, I saw once schemes of tv sets- for technicians who were able to fix them, which is a sort of a lost skill.
But the question is, why would you need it. Obviously not to fix. If you need a reference design, there is plenty of material available, for more or less anything. |
89,123 | Where is the switch or fuse box that will turn off the electrified fence in [Hero's Pass?](http://borderlands.wikia.com/wiki/Hero%27s_Pass)
Hero's Pass is one of the locations that you have to go through in *[The Talon of God](http://borderlands.wikia.com/wiki/The_Talon_of_God)* mission. When I was playing through *The Talon of God*, I tried tracing the power lines but I haven't found the switch or fuse box that will turn off the electricity.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/FYrAM.jpg)
### Map view:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/dS62m.jpg) | 2012/10/16 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/89123",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/4797/"
] | You need to cross the first bridge and then immediately turn to the right. You'll find the fuse box out on that ledge, it's facing the cliff.
 | It's after the second bridge. Turn right and walk along the ledge a short way. |
11,137 | We constantly bat this around the office, and the question continues to come up. How do you deal with PostgreSQL replication? I'm not even necessarily talking about advanced clusters, just keeping it simple with Master-Slave, Master-MultiSlave, and Master-Master. I find that setting it up for MySQL is typically pretty simple. Failover is straightforward if not perfect, especially for how easy it is to configure. We've played with Slony, but it's a bit too hands on (schema changes require intervention, new databases require intervention, etc). PGPool2 was pretty nice, until a node went down and we couldn't find a graceful way (other than bringing everything down and reseeding the fallen node) to get replication back in sync. Basically here's what I'm typically looking for:
* Easy setup (I'll settle for difficult setup, but easy to expand)
* Simplistic failover
* Bringing a fallen node back in just requires time (i.e. like mysql. Server goes down, you bring it up, and wait for replication to catch up)
* Schema changes don't break replication
* Adding a new database to the server is seamless (i.e. like mysql, you can replicate a whole DB server, so a new database is created on the master, it automatically propagates to the slave)
MySQL handles most of these fairly well, but I hold a certain fondness for PostgreSQL. Besides, we have some situations where it's our only option, and we'd like to add replication to the mix. What are you using currently, and how do you feel about your solution? This isn't a MySQL versus PostgreSQL post, I promise, because that's not what I'm trying to start. :) | 2009/05/22 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/11137",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/2438/"
] | Short answer - there's no such solution yet for PostgreSQL if you need online readonly slaves.
There're two major development projects currently going on in this area which are included in PostgreSQL 9.0 (Spring/Summer 2010), namely:
* Synchronous Replication:
<http://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/NTT's_Development_Projects>
* Read only hot standby slaves:
<http://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Hot_Standby>
which in combination aim to achieve the ease of use of MySQL-style replication minus the bugs/issues MySQL has plus the reliability users know from PostgreSQL.
All of this was kicked off by a manifest from the PostgreSQL Core Team in 2008:
<http://archives.postgresql.org/pgsql-hackers/2008-05/msg00913.php>
The PostgreSQL replication solutions to this day with the largest user base are Slony-I (more expensive for writes, makes schema changes fiddly), WAL shipping/walmgr (Slaves can't be used online) and pgQ/londiste from Skype/Skytools (more tools/building blocks than a finished solution).
I've written a few things on Log Shipping, walmgr and Slony-I, see
<http://blogs.amd.co.at/mt/mt-search.cgi?blog_id=1&tag=pgrep&limit=20> for more information. | You didn't mention having a hot read-slave as a requirement, so I'm going to propose using Heartbeat with either shared storage or DRBD. It just does the right thing and administration is a breeze. It's the Linux equivalent of older Microsoft SQL Server clustering. One node is active and the other node is passive while the data is shared between the two. You don't have to worry about SQL-based replication because it's all handled lower down at the block level.
Seriously, it's by far the best solution if you don't need read slaves. The WAL archive stuff was hokey at best and you must set everything up again if you ever disrupt the shipping process for a server reboot. slony and londiste don't cut the mustard. If you want to stay on the main source tree and not go commercial, Heartbeat is your best bet. |
11,137 | We constantly bat this around the office, and the question continues to come up. How do you deal with PostgreSQL replication? I'm not even necessarily talking about advanced clusters, just keeping it simple with Master-Slave, Master-MultiSlave, and Master-Master. I find that setting it up for MySQL is typically pretty simple. Failover is straightforward if not perfect, especially for how easy it is to configure. We've played with Slony, but it's a bit too hands on (schema changes require intervention, new databases require intervention, etc). PGPool2 was pretty nice, until a node went down and we couldn't find a graceful way (other than bringing everything down and reseeding the fallen node) to get replication back in sync. Basically here's what I'm typically looking for:
* Easy setup (I'll settle for difficult setup, but easy to expand)
* Simplistic failover
* Bringing a fallen node back in just requires time (i.e. like mysql. Server goes down, you bring it up, and wait for replication to catch up)
* Schema changes don't break replication
* Adding a new database to the server is seamless (i.e. like mysql, you can replicate a whole DB server, so a new database is created on the master, it automatically propagates to the slave)
MySQL handles most of these fairly well, but I hold a certain fondness for PostgreSQL. Besides, we have some situations where it's our only option, and we'd like to add replication to the mix. What are you using currently, and how do you feel about your solution? This isn't a MySQL versus PostgreSQL post, I promise, because that's not what I'm trying to start. :) | 2009/05/22 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/11137",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/2438/"
] | See a discussion here, maybe that can help:
<http://blog.endpoint.com/2009/05/competitors-to-bucardo-version-1.html>
and
Competitors to Bucardo Version One, found lower down on the page:
<http://www.planetpostgresql.org/> | [Postgres-R](http://www.postgres-r.org/) looked promising but I don't know if the project is still alive. |
11,137 | We constantly bat this around the office, and the question continues to come up. How do you deal with PostgreSQL replication? I'm not even necessarily talking about advanced clusters, just keeping it simple with Master-Slave, Master-MultiSlave, and Master-Master. I find that setting it up for MySQL is typically pretty simple. Failover is straightforward if not perfect, especially for how easy it is to configure. We've played with Slony, but it's a bit too hands on (schema changes require intervention, new databases require intervention, etc). PGPool2 was pretty nice, until a node went down and we couldn't find a graceful way (other than bringing everything down and reseeding the fallen node) to get replication back in sync. Basically here's what I'm typically looking for:
* Easy setup (I'll settle for difficult setup, but easy to expand)
* Simplistic failover
* Bringing a fallen node back in just requires time (i.e. like mysql. Server goes down, you bring it up, and wait for replication to catch up)
* Schema changes don't break replication
* Adding a new database to the server is seamless (i.e. like mysql, you can replicate a whole DB server, so a new database is created on the master, it automatically propagates to the slave)
MySQL handles most of these fairly well, but I hold a certain fondness for PostgreSQL. Besides, we have some situations where it's our only option, and we'd like to add replication to the mix. What are you using currently, and how do you feel about your solution? This isn't a MySQL versus PostgreSQL post, I promise, because that's not what I'm trying to start. :) | 2009/05/22 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/11137",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/2438/"
] | You didn't mention having a hot read-slave as a requirement, so I'm going to propose using Heartbeat with either shared storage or DRBD. It just does the right thing and administration is a breeze. It's the Linux equivalent of older Microsoft SQL Server clustering. One node is active and the other node is passive while the data is shared between the two. You don't have to worry about SQL-based replication because it's all handled lower down at the block level.
Seriously, it's by far the best solution if you don't need read slaves. The WAL archive stuff was hokey at best and you must set everything up again if you ever disrupt the shipping process for a server reboot. slony and londiste don't cut the mustard. If you want to stay on the main source tree and not go commercial, Heartbeat is your best bet. | I'm currently looking at Tungsten replicator, I'm still far away from any definite conclusion, but probably worth a look.
[www.continuent.com](http://www.continuent.com/) |
11,137 | We constantly bat this around the office, and the question continues to come up. How do you deal with PostgreSQL replication? I'm not even necessarily talking about advanced clusters, just keeping it simple with Master-Slave, Master-MultiSlave, and Master-Master. I find that setting it up for MySQL is typically pretty simple. Failover is straightforward if not perfect, especially for how easy it is to configure. We've played with Slony, but it's a bit too hands on (schema changes require intervention, new databases require intervention, etc). PGPool2 was pretty nice, until a node went down and we couldn't find a graceful way (other than bringing everything down and reseeding the fallen node) to get replication back in sync. Basically here's what I'm typically looking for:
* Easy setup (I'll settle for difficult setup, but easy to expand)
* Simplistic failover
* Bringing a fallen node back in just requires time (i.e. like mysql. Server goes down, you bring it up, and wait for replication to catch up)
* Schema changes don't break replication
* Adding a new database to the server is seamless (i.e. like mysql, you can replicate a whole DB server, so a new database is created on the master, it automatically propagates to the slave)
MySQL handles most of these fairly well, but I hold a certain fondness for PostgreSQL. Besides, we have some situations where it's our only option, and we'd like to add replication to the mix. What are you using currently, and how do you feel about your solution? This isn't a MySQL versus PostgreSQL post, I promise, because that's not what I'm trying to start. :) | 2009/05/22 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/11137",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/2438/"
] | If you want asynchronous master/slave replication consider Londiste (part of the skytools package from Skype) wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Londiste\_Tutorial
It's easy to install, adding a new DB is easy, replication just "catches up."
Failover is not built-in though. You will need to change your application connection strings or obfuscate the DB connection behind another layer of software.
Some schema changes are easy. Others are more difficult. It depends on your application. The next version of skytools (ver 3.0) is supposed to handle DDL and include facilities to make failover easier.
We moved to Londiste after finding Slony too painful to use. | Except for 'adding a new database' thing you can try Mammoth Replicator (<https://projects.commandprompt.com/public/replicator>). It's open-source, easy to setup and supports failover. The major limitations are single database and inability to replicate DDL changes, both are in the TODO list. |
11,137 | We constantly bat this around the office, and the question continues to come up. How do you deal with PostgreSQL replication? I'm not even necessarily talking about advanced clusters, just keeping it simple with Master-Slave, Master-MultiSlave, and Master-Master. I find that setting it up for MySQL is typically pretty simple. Failover is straightforward if not perfect, especially for how easy it is to configure. We've played with Slony, but it's a bit too hands on (schema changes require intervention, new databases require intervention, etc). PGPool2 was pretty nice, until a node went down and we couldn't find a graceful way (other than bringing everything down and reseeding the fallen node) to get replication back in sync. Basically here's what I'm typically looking for:
* Easy setup (I'll settle for difficult setup, but easy to expand)
* Simplistic failover
* Bringing a fallen node back in just requires time (i.e. like mysql. Server goes down, you bring it up, and wait for replication to catch up)
* Schema changes don't break replication
* Adding a new database to the server is seamless (i.e. like mysql, you can replicate a whole DB server, so a new database is created on the master, it automatically propagates to the slave)
MySQL handles most of these fairly well, but I hold a certain fondness for PostgreSQL. Besides, we have some situations where it's our only option, and we'd like to add replication to the mix. What are you using currently, and how do you feel about your solution? This isn't a MySQL versus PostgreSQL post, I promise, because that's not what I'm trying to start. :) | 2009/05/22 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/11137",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/2438/"
] | From your requirements it seems that PITR is easiest way to solve your problem:
[On-line backup and point-in-time recovery (PITR)](http://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.1/static/backup-online.html)
You didn't say that you need to query slave server, so PITR might be just right.
It's standard part of PostgreSQL from version 8.0 so you probably already have everything needed to get it up and running.
If you find instructions too verbose, take a look at [SkyTools WalMgr](https://developer.skype.com/SkypeGarage/DbProjects/SkyTools#head-b3406415d7c6d5750389bc0e7d1a92f28ff49433) which will make process of creating/failover to hot-standby data single command task.
For more complex replication scenarios, I had good experience Slony-1, but PostgreSQL has many good replication/HA options available. | See a discussion here, maybe that can help:
<http://blog.endpoint.com/2009/05/competitors-to-bucardo-version-1.html>
and
Competitors to Bucardo Version One, found lower down on the page:
<http://www.planetpostgresql.org/> |
11,137 | We constantly bat this around the office, and the question continues to come up. How do you deal with PostgreSQL replication? I'm not even necessarily talking about advanced clusters, just keeping it simple with Master-Slave, Master-MultiSlave, and Master-Master. I find that setting it up for MySQL is typically pretty simple. Failover is straightforward if not perfect, especially for how easy it is to configure. We've played with Slony, but it's a bit too hands on (schema changes require intervention, new databases require intervention, etc). PGPool2 was pretty nice, until a node went down and we couldn't find a graceful way (other than bringing everything down and reseeding the fallen node) to get replication back in sync. Basically here's what I'm typically looking for:
* Easy setup (I'll settle for difficult setup, but easy to expand)
* Simplistic failover
* Bringing a fallen node back in just requires time (i.e. like mysql. Server goes down, you bring it up, and wait for replication to catch up)
* Schema changes don't break replication
* Adding a new database to the server is seamless (i.e. like mysql, you can replicate a whole DB server, so a new database is created on the master, it automatically propagates to the slave)
MySQL handles most of these fairly well, but I hold a certain fondness for PostgreSQL. Besides, we have some situations where it's our only option, and we'd like to add replication to the mix. What are you using currently, and how do you feel about your solution? This isn't a MySQL versus PostgreSQL post, I promise, because that's not what I'm trying to start. :) | 2009/05/22 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/11137",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/2438/"
] | And to throw another solution into the ring: rubyrep.
To compare with your requirements:
* Easy setup
Yes, that's actually the primary focus of rubyrep.
* Simplistic failover
Yes. In fact rubyrep does master-master replication - to fail over, no action is necessary at all. Just start using the other database.
* Schema changes don't break replication
Yes.
For non-primary key changes replication doesn't even have to stop (but make sure the schema is changes on both sides at the same time)
To add / remove tables, simply restart the replication daemon.
Only changing the primary key column of a table takes a bit of effort.
* Adding a new database to the server is seamless (i.e. like mysql, you can replicate a whole DB server, so a new database is created on the master, it automatically propagates to the slave)
This is only supported in a limited way: each rubyrep setup replicates only one database at a time. (But it is very easy to set up replication for more than one database.) | You didn't mention having a hot read-slave as a requirement, so I'm going to propose using Heartbeat with either shared storage or DRBD. It just does the right thing and administration is a breeze. It's the Linux equivalent of older Microsoft SQL Server clustering. One node is active and the other node is passive while the data is shared between the two. You don't have to worry about SQL-based replication because it's all handled lower down at the block level.
Seriously, it's by far the best solution if you don't need read slaves. The WAL archive stuff was hokey at best and you must set everything up again if you ever disrupt the shipping process for a server reboot. slony and londiste don't cut the mustard. If you want to stay on the main source tree and not go commercial, Heartbeat is your best bet. |
11,137 | We constantly bat this around the office, and the question continues to come up. How do you deal with PostgreSQL replication? I'm not even necessarily talking about advanced clusters, just keeping it simple with Master-Slave, Master-MultiSlave, and Master-Master. I find that setting it up for MySQL is typically pretty simple. Failover is straightforward if not perfect, especially for how easy it is to configure. We've played with Slony, but it's a bit too hands on (schema changes require intervention, new databases require intervention, etc). PGPool2 was pretty nice, until a node went down and we couldn't find a graceful way (other than bringing everything down and reseeding the fallen node) to get replication back in sync. Basically here's what I'm typically looking for:
* Easy setup (I'll settle for difficult setup, but easy to expand)
* Simplistic failover
* Bringing a fallen node back in just requires time (i.e. like mysql. Server goes down, you bring it up, and wait for replication to catch up)
* Schema changes don't break replication
* Adding a new database to the server is seamless (i.e. like mysql, you can replicate a whole DB server, so a new database is created on the master, it automatically propagates to the slave)
MySQL handles most of these fairly well, but I hold a certain fondness for PostgreSQL. Besides, we have some situations where it's our only option, and we'd like to add replication to the mix. What are you using currently, and how do you feel about your solution? This isn't a MySQL versus PostgreSQL post, I promise, because that's not what I'm trying to start. :) | 2009/05/22 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/11137",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/2438/"
] | See a discussion here, maybe that can help:
<http://blog.endpoint.com/2009/05/competitors-to-bucardo-version-1.html>
and
Competitors to Bucardo Version One, found lower down on the page:
<http://www.planetpostgresql.org/> | I'm currently looking at Tungsten replicator, I'm still far away from any definite conclusion, but probably worth a look.
[www.continuent.com](http://www.continuent.com/) |
11,137 | We constantly bat this around the office, and the question continues to come up. How do you deal with PostgreSQL replication? I'm not even necessarily talking about advanced clusters, just keeping it simple with Master-Slave, Master-MultiSlave, and Master-Master. I find that setting it up for MySQL is typically pretty simple. Failover is straightforward if not perfect, especially for how easy it is to configure. We've played with Slony, but it's a bit too hands on (schema changes require intervention, new databases require intervention, etc). PGPool2 was pretty nice, until a node went down and we couldn't find a graceful way (other than bringing everything down and reseeding the fallen node) to get replication back in sync. Basically here's what I'm typically looking for:
* Easy setup (I'll settle for difficult setup, but easy to expand)
* Simplistic failover
* Bringing a fallen node back in just requires time (i.e. like mysql. Server goes down, you bring it up, and wait for replication to catch up)
* Schema changes don't break replication
* Adding a new database to the server is seamless (i.e. like mysql, you can replicate a whole DB server, so a new database is created on the master, it automatically propagates to the slave)
MySQL handles most of these fairly well, but I hold a certain fondness for PostgreSQL. Besides, we have some situations where it's our only option, and we'd like to add replication to the mix. What are you using currently, and how do you feel about your solution? This isn't a MySQL versus PostgreSQL post, I promise, because that's not what I'm trying to start. :) | 2009/05/22 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/11137",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/2438/"
] | From your requirements it seems that PITR is easiest way to solve your problem:
[On-line backup and point-in-time recovery (PITR)](http://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.1/static/backup-online.html)
You didn't say that you need to query slave server, so PITR might be just right.
It's standard part of PostgreSQL from version 8.0 so you probably already have everything needed to get it up and running.
If you find instructions too verbose, take a look at [SkyTools WalMgr](https://developer.skype.com/SkypeGarage/DbProjects/SkyTools#head-b3406415d7c6d5750389bc0e7d1a92f28ff49433) which will make process of creating/failover to hot-standby data single command task.
For more complex replication scenarios, I had good experience Slony-1, but PostgreSQL has many good replication/HA options available. | Except for 'adding a new database' thing you can try Mammoth Replicator (<https://projects.commandprompt.com/public/replicator>). It's open-source, easy to setup and supports failover. The major limitations are single database and inability to replicate DDL changes, both are in the TODO list. |
11,137 | We constantly bat this around the office, and the question continues to come up. How do you deal with PostgreSQL replication? I'm not even necessarily talking about advanced clusters, just keeping it simple with Master-Slave, Master-MultiSlave, and Master-Master. I find that setting it up for MySQL is typically pretty simple. Failover is straightforward if not perfect, especially for how easy it is to configure. We've played with Slony, but it's a bit too hands on (schema changes require intervention, new databases require intervention, etc). PGPool2 was pretty nice, until a node went down and we couldn't find a graceful way (other than bringing everything down and reseeding the fallen node) to get replication back in sync. Basically here's what I'm typically looking for:
* Easy setup (I'll settle for difficult setup, but easy to expand)
* Simplistic failover
* Bringing a fallen node back in just requires time (i.e. like mysql. Server goes down, you bring it up, and wait for replication to catch up)
* Schema changes don't break replication
* Adding a new database to the server is seamless (i.e. like mysql, you can replicate a whole DB server, so a new database is created on the master, it automatically propagates to the slave)
MySQL handles most of these fairly well, but I hold a certain fondness for PostgreSQL. Besides, we have some situations where it's our only option, and we'd like to add replication to the mix. What are you using currently, and how do you feel about your solution? This isn't a MySQL versus PostgreSQL post, I promise, because that's not what I'm trying to start. :) | 2009/05/22 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/11137",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/2438/"
] | You didn't mention having a hot read-slave as a requirement, so I'm going to propose using Heartbeat with either shared storage or DRBD. It just does the right thing and administration is a breeze. It's the Linux equivalent of older Microsoft SQL Server clustering. One node is active and the other node is passive while the data is shared between the two. You don't have to worry about SQL-based replication because it's all handled lower down at the block level.
Seriously, it's by far the best solution if you don't need read slaves. The WAL archive stuff was hokey at best and you must set everything up again if you ever disrupt the shipping process for a server reboot. slony and londiste don't cut the mustard. If you want to stay on the main source tree and not go commercial, Heartbeat is your best bet. | See a discussion here, maybe that can help:
<http://blog.endpoint.com/2009/05/competitors-to-bucardo-version-1.html>
and
Competitors to Bucardo Version One, found lower down on the page:
<http://www.planetpostgresql.org/> |
162,951 | Orgone is the conduit through which the power of the cosmos flows, focused through a sorcerer's will. Ritual practitioners must draw on this reserve of power in their souls to make a magic spell work. Spells require a constant infusion of Orgone through rituals that are performed inside a transmutation circle, which require a number of ingredients and can last anywhere from 30 minutes to several hours depending on the spell.
There are five schools of magic that spells revolve around and are taught at universities:
* Enchantment Spells – These are spells designed to capture cosmic power within a crafted item, so that its power can be called upon in times of need.
* Protection Spells – These are spells designed to ward a user, object, or location against a variety of possible harms.
* Transmogrifcation Spells – These are spells designed to fundamentally alter or control another living being or creature.
* Transmutation Spells - Changing the makeup of different materials or combining them with others to make new forms of matter.
* Scrying Spells – These are spells designed to allow a user to perceive in ways that go beyond his five senses.
The more I think about it, the more I realize that many spells that fall into these categories cross boundaries. For example, an enchanted sword casts a barrier around an item (enchantment and protection) or a crystal ball made from transmuted elements that allows you to peer into the future (scrying and transmutation). With many of these effects infringing on each other's domain, the idea of schools of magic seems redundant. Getting a BA degree from. Harvard University or a PH.D from Hunter college seems pointless.
I want a way to make separating forms of magic into categories necessary enough to be relevant, instead of an interdisciplinary form of education for mages. How do I design a magic based curriculum based on these parameters? | 2019/12/06 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/162951",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/52361/"
] | There is going to be some overlap. Consider a university: Everyone in the sciences takes Calculus from the math department. Biologists, agriculturalists, foresters, civil and ag engineers take courses in soils.
Some spells are symbolic: You cast your spell by doing manipulations of symbols on parchment, much like doing a mathematical proof.
Some spells are homomorphic -- they depend on the law of contagion. You can use the hair brush of the victim to find the body of the victim. At a much more difficult level you can use the hair on the brush to create a map between a voodoo doll and a person to manipulate that person.
Some spells supplicative -- they depend on convincing/coercing Orgone dwelling entities (Angels, demons, pixies, dragons...) to do your will.
Some spells are transformative -- they change the very shape of space and time. All scrying spells, portals, teleports
And so on.
Spells can use either the spellcasters own energy, or they draw on energy from elsewhere. Own energy spells are small in effect, but can still be complex. E.g. A tarnkappen spell to create an invisibility cloak for the wearer only requires bending light. Not much energy there.
A thunderbolt spell, powered by your own self would be a static spark.
Some spells have to be cast in pairs. Consider a catapult spell that has the effect of a 300 pound boulder hurled at a couple hundred miles per hour. The recoil would throw the spell caster into the next county. So the caster has to:
\* Create the impulse
\* Absorb the recoil
\* Aim the impulse.
This is why magic is hard. | You can't separate them
=======================
Well, not *completely*. Your mages will specialise in one field but need some knowledge in the others, to make full use of their magic.
Take inspiration from the real world - a person who studied pure mathematics or even programming can't really *only* use these skills. Not in all instances. A mathematician who will do some sort of analysis will do it in some context - be that in a biology field where they use mathematics to decipher DNA, a sociology where they use statistics to gather data for individuals, in financial field they'd be using it on cash flows and/or risk. They they *need* other knowledge.
Similarly, a software engineer can *in theory* build any sort of application. But in practice they won't if they don't have the business knowledge for it. A medical system will need awareness of medicine, a sociology system will need awareness of sociology, a financial system will need awareness of financing.
You don't need an actual degree in the secondary discipline to be able to work with it, but you need *coaching* and at least understanding the fundamentals.
So, similarly enchanters who *only* know enchanting will not be very effective, unless they are have enough skills to weave another spell and lay it into an item. They probably wouldn't need to study for a full bachelors degree (or equivalent) in Protection to be able to make a "brooch of shielding" but they'd need some knowledge in Protection and/or maybe a mage proficient in Protection.
On the flip side, a Protection specialist wouldn't be able to just make an enchanted item. Perhaps with *some* knowledge of Enchanting they'd be able to cobble together something but it will not be as efficient and elegant - a brooch of shielding is out of the question, the Protection mage knows very well how to shield but doesn't have enough skills to weave that spell into a very small item. Perhaps something like a large shield...but that's not very convenient. Other problems due to lack of Enchanting knowledge might include the spell *wearing out* sooner or even abruptly ending without (seemingly) any reason. Problems that an Enchanting specialist may have had a two semester course on.
A similar thing can happen with other disciplines outside of Enchanting. Protection + Scrying might be able to protect a caster from being scried on or maybe even guiding them towards things that will protect them (finding items, or even the futures where they don't get hurt). Or even slightly more mundanely (for magic...), protecting from overloading the senses when using scrying. But again, the full range of effects needs good skills in both fields - a Protection mage who doesn't know Scrying simply doesn't know *how* to protect against "bad future" or from sensory overload of senses they've never known of. A Scrying master without Protection skills cannot effectively isolate their senses from being tampered with or their fate from being scried.
And so on, and so forth.
So, *specialisation* gives you the tools you need for your field but you need other mages in order to make effective and useful spells. **That's why you need a university that houses them.** Different mages have to learn to work together. |
162,951 | Orgone is the conduit through which the power of the cosmos flows, focused through a sorcerer's will. Ritual practitioners must draw on this reserve of power in their souls to make a magic spell work. Spells require a constant infusion of Orgone through rituals that are performed inside a transmutation circle, which require a number of ingredients and can last anywhere from 30 minutes to several hours depending on the spell.
There are five schools of magic that spells revolve around and are taught at universities:
* Enchantment Spells – These are spells designed to capture cosmic power within a crafted item, so that its power can be called upon in times of need.
* Protection Spells – These are spells designed to ward a user, object, or location against a variety of possible harms.
* Transmogrifcation Spells – These are spells designed to fundamentally alter or control another living being or creature.
* Transmutation Spells - Changing the makeup of different materials or combining them with others to make new forms of matter.
* Scrying Spells – These are spells designed to allow a user to perceive in ways that go beyond his five senses.
The more I think about it, the more I realize that many spells that fall into these categories cross boundaries. For example, an enchanted sword casts a barrier around an item (enchantment and protection) or a crystal ball made from transmuted elements that allows you to peer into the future (scrying and transmutation). With many of these effects infringing on each other's domain, the idea of schools of magic seems redundant. Getting a BA degree from. Harvard University or a PH.D from Hunter college seems pointless.
I want a way to make separating forms of magic into categories necessary enough to be relevant, instead of an interdisciplinary form of education for mages. How do I design a magic based curriculum based on these parameters? | 2019/12/06 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/162951",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/52361/"
] | I'd argue the schools would form naturally if you could only be a master a very small area of what would seem to be a continuum of disciplines at the magical-phd level. The topics are split almost arbitrarily (or traditionally as is often the case) at a lower level so they fit nicely in a teachable curriculum.
Using real world academia is a perfect model: At high school you get taught Chemistry. Later on you might do something more specific like Materials. Then in a phd you get to see how ill defined the edges of these discipline are (Material Engineering, Material Science, Material Chemistry, Polymers, Ceramics, Nano-materials etc.), but that doesn't mean the subjects are nebulous nor useless, they just have a focus on specific outcomes. They are necessary because the expertise and equipment costs and are so high that it's difficult to have any more than a cursory understanding of numerous topics.
Ceramics and Material Engineering crossing over into Aerospace Engineering to design a new Jet Turbine seems like a perfect parallel for Combat Scrying and Material Protection crossing over with Enchantment for Swordologists. Plus I like the idea that the reader would have no idea just how deep the rabbit whole of magi-science goes.
It would be fine for your "Bachelors" level mages to be still being taught like a Chemistry undergrad is still taught Chemistry, even though they realistically are doing a whole heap of Physics. | I can think of two options
--------------------------
1. Each school of magic is based on a different fundamental spell or formula
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
All of a schools spells are based on a different formula, and each schools formula is unique, if you try to use a spell with the wrong fundamental structure, bad things happen.
learning a different school of magic is like learning magic all over again. Each school is like its own language (and may even have its own language), learning two schools is like learning Chinese and Spanish learning one does not really help you learn the other, it can even be a hindrance. Worse mixing them up can be very detrimental either from failure backlash or the random effects of botched magic. An example might be programming languages, some just are not really cross compatible.
Many spells have different versions built in each discipline, and although roughly the same they differin in the details of how they operate. You have to reinvent the wheel so to speak for each school. for instance each school has their own water walking spell but they each have different costs, rituals, and side effects. Perhaps the transmutation version creates a spongy mattress like surface to walk on, while the protection version not only lets you walk on water but also covers the caster in hydrophobic coating like effect meaning even rain just sloughs off the peerson, or the enchantment version creating a rigid but slick ice like surface to walk on.
You may learn about other schools superficially, like protection can do this and this but not this, you you are not going to learn their spells or spend much time on it. There might be geniuses that know two schools and can keep mixing them up but they are rare, as rare as meeting someone that can speak 4 languages fluently.
**"The graveyard is full of students who tried to use spells from other disciplines"**
Option 2, they do overlap just like real world schools of engineering but you still specialize.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Biology, geology, physics, chemistry, sociology, ect. these are all different fields of science principles from one often can't be applied outside that field while at the same time their is a huge amount of overlap. You learn a bit about all of them but specialize in one field for your degree. I myself am a paleontologist, I have degrees in both biology and geology, my knowledge in those fields os far more extensive than my knowledge of physics or engineering.
For your system a degree in Protection makes you an expert in protection you can cast other spells but the majority of your knowledge lies in protection spells, you have a larger variety of protection spells and can alter protection spells far more easily. You know the workings of protection sell intimately but that knowledge does not necessarily help you with any other schools spells, they are just different enough that principles you are not as familiar with apply.
you can think of each as being the equivalent of having a degree in X-engineering, much like how in the real world you have seperate degrees in material science, electrical engineering, civil engineering, ect. you know something about other fields and can even do some simple low level applications in others but the majority of your expertise is in that one discipline.
Bob is essentially Protection engineer, if you need a custom shield spell you talk to Bob if you need a water purification spell maybe you talk to someone else. but Bob is probably good enough to cast a water purification spell (off the self so to speak) but don't expect him to custom make one or diagnose a faulty water purification spell. Just like how you would not consult a electrical engineer to tell you why your dam collapsed or for how to create transparent aluminum, but you would want to talk to one about how to make a power grid.
Why do we do this, because becoming an expert takes time, too much time to let someone become an expert in everything, so your major tells everyone what you are an expert of. |
162,951 | Orgone is the conduit through which the power of the cosmos flows, focused through a sorcerer's will. Ritual practitioners must draw on this reserve of power in their souls to make a magic spell work. Spells require a constant infusion of Orgone through rituals that are performed inside a transmutation circle, which require a number of ingredients and can last anywhere from 30 minutes to several hours depending on the spell.
There are five schools of magic that spells revolve around and are taught at universities:
* Enchantment Spells – These are spells designed to capture cosmic power within a crafted item, so that its power can be called upon in times of need.
* Protection Spells – These are spells designed to ward a user, object, or location against a variety of possible harms.
* Transmogrifcation Spells – These are spells designed to fundamentally alter or control another living being or creature.
* Transmutation Spells - Changing the makeup of different materials or combining them with others to make new forms of matter.
* Scrying Spells – These are spells designed to allow a user to perceive in ways that go beyond his five senses.
The more I think about it, the more I realize that many spells that fall into these categories cross boundaries. For example, an enchanted sword casts a barrier around an item (enchantment and protection) or a crystal ball made from transmuted elements that allows you to peer into the future (scrying and transmutation). With many of these effects infringing on each other's domain, the idea of schools of magic seems redundant. Getting a BA degree from. Harvard University or a PH.D from Hunter college seems pointless.
I want a way to make separating forms of magic into categories necessary enough to be relevant, instead of an interdisciplinary form of education for mages. How do I design a magic based curriculum based on these parameters? | 2019/12/06 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/162951",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/52361/"
] | One of the ways to measure the health of a society is by **collaboration**, and that can be measured by **specialization**.
For most of human history every individual was either a hunter or a farmer. With the rise of civilization we introduced what is arguably the most profound aspect of our species: our ability to collaborate and specialize. Not *everyone* has to be a farmer now. Now one person can spend all day making clothes and another working with the animals and another farming and another on the watch tower and another building homes and so on. This only works because of *social trust* - the more we trust and work with each other the more we can *collaborate* and *specialize*. This has been a measure of health in civilizations for the entire history of civilization. *(quick aside: [Liars and Outliers by Bruce Schneier](https://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/com/B006ORT3KG) talks a lot about social trust. Schneier is a well known name in encryption and computing circles, but this book of his is a good read on the challenges we face in a digital age around social trust)*
When it comes to your magical universe, **you want specialization!** This is good. This means that you have an expert in Scrying who can do some Enchantment, but doesn't have to be an expert in both because he can find/hire/trust an Enchantment expert. And vice versa. Even within these five spells you'll have further refinements and *more* specialization. And that's good! It's a sign of a healthy society. It's akin to me being able to fix the basic plumbing in my house, but for complicated leaks and adjustments outside my comfort zone I can just hire a plumber. I've quite good at electrical work, and would be comfortable building out all the wiring in my unfinished basement without needing to hire an electrician, but for a large corporate office I would never try to touch that.
So it is in your world. Everyone will need to know *some type of basics*, but then you build on that with specialization. We teach all children to read, write, do basic math, learn a little chemistry, etc, but then they graduate high school and go into *specialized* field - Psychology, Chemistry, Math, etc, and then even beyond that *more specialization* - Math:Group Theory, Math:Number Theory, Math:Set Theory, Math:Discrete, and so on.
Have your world know some type of basics, and then educate and refine into specializations. | I can think of two options
--------------------------
1. Each school of magic is based on a different fundamental spell or formula
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
All of a schools spells are based on a different formula, and each schools formula is unique, if you try to use a spell with the wrong fundamental structure, bad things happen.
learning a different school of magic is like learning magic all over again. Each school is like its own language (and may even have its own language), learning two schools is like learning Chinese and Spanish learning one does not really help you learn the other, it can even be a hindrance. Worse mixing them up can be very detrimental either from failure backlash or the random effects of botched magic. An example might be programming languages, some just are not really cross compatible.
Many spells have different versions built in each discipline, and although roughly the same they differin in the details of how they operate. You have to reinvent the wheel so to speak for each school. for instance each school has their own water walking spell but they each have different costs, rituals, and side effects. Perhaps the transmutation version creates a spongy mattress like surface to walk on, while the protection version not only lets you walk on water but also covers the caster in hydrophobic coating like effect meaning even rain just sloughs off the peerson, or the enchantment version creating a rigid but slick ice like surface to walk on.
You may learn about other schools superficially, like protection can do this and this but not this, you you are not going to learn their spells or spend much time on it. There might be geniuses that know two schools and can keep mixing them up but they are rare, as rare as meeting someone that can speak 4 languages fluently.
**"The graveyard is full of students who tried to use spells from other disciplines"**
Option 2, they do overlap just like real world schools of engineering but you still specialize.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Biology, geology, physics, chemistry, sociology, ect. these are all different fields of science principles from one often can't be applied outside that field while at the same time their is a huge amount of overlap. You learn a bit about all of them but specialize in one field for your degree. I myself am a paleontologist, I have degrees in both biology and geology, my knowledge in those fields os far more extensive than my knowledge of physics or engineering.
For your system a degree in Protection makes you an expert in protection you can cast other spells but the majority of your knowledge lies in protection spells, you have a larger variety of protection spells and can alter protection spells far more easily. You know the workings of protection sell intimately but that knowledge does not necessarily help you with any other schools spells, they are just different enough that principles you are not as familiar with apply.
you can think of each as being the equivalent of having a degree in X-engineering, much like how in the real world you have seperate degrees in material science, electrical engineering, civil engineering, ect. you know something about other fields and can even do some simple low level applications in others but the majority of your expertise is in that one discipline.
Bob is essentially Protection engineer, if you need a custom shield spell you talk to Bob if you need a water purification spell maybe you talk to someone else. but Bob is probably good enough to cast a water purification spell (off the self so to speak) but don't expect him to custom make one or diagnose a faulty water purification spell. Just like how you would not consult a electrical engineer to tell you why your dam collapsed or for how to create transparent aluminum, but you would want to talk to one about how to make a power grid.
Why do we do this, because becoming an expert takes time, too much time to let someone become an expert in everything, so your major tells everyone what you are an expert of. |
162,951 | Orgone is the conduit through which the power of the cosmos flows, focused through a sorcerer's will. Ritual practitioners must draw on this reserve of power in their souls to make a magic spell work. Spells require a constant infusion of Orgone through rituals that are performed inside a transmutation circle, which require a number of ingredients and can last anywhere from 30 minutes to several hours depending on the spell.
There are five schools of magic that spells revolve around and are taught at universities:
* Enchantment Spells – These are spells designed to capture cosmic power within a crafted item, so that its power can be called upon in times of need.
* Protection Spells – These are spells designed to ward a user, object, or location against a variety of possible harms.
* Transmogrifcation Spells – These are spells designed to fundamentally alter or control another living being or creature.
* Transmutation Spells - Changing the makeup of different materials or combining them with others to make new forms of matter.
* Scrying Spells – These are spells designed to allow a user to perceive in ways that go beyond his five senses.
The more I think about it, the more I realize that many spells that fall into these categories cross boundaries. For example, an enchanted sword casts a barrier around an item (enchantment and protection) or a crystal ball made from transmuted elements that allows you to peer into the future (scrying and transmutation). With many of these effects infringing on each other's domain, the idea of schools of magic seems redundant. Getting a BA degree from. Harvard University or a PH.D from Hunter college seems pointless.
I want a way to make separating forms of magic into categories necessary enough to be relevant, instead of an interdisciplinary form of education for mages. How do I design a magic based curriculum based on these parameters? | 2019/12/06 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/162951",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/52361/"
] | Magic schools do not need to classify spellcasting. They can be a path.
My martial arts teacher has described martial arts as a tall mountain we are all climbing. We are all taking different paths up the mountain, but we're all trying to ascend to the same peak at the top. As he put it, "I know one path up the mountain, and I will teach that path to you."
Martial arts has two goals, if I may state them in an indisputable fashion. The first goal is to not get into a fight. In a real fight, everybody loses. The second goal is, if a fight is required, make sure you lose as little as possible. There are martial arts schools that will claim goals involving various ways of "winning," but I find the goal of "losing as little as possible" is a better phrasing. Win when times are peaceful.
So there's two goals at the peak of the mountain for all of us. But there are so many myriad paths up that mountain that I would fail to count them all. Each one is a different path that is recommended by a school. Each one's path encourages a different toolkit of ways of solving a problem.
Your magic system may specify five paths up your mountain. But, when you really dive into it, there's not five paths. There's many. Within those myriad paths, we classify them into five schools of magic, but every magic teacher really offers their own path up the mountain, based upon their life experiences. A university may choose to collect teachers with a predictable kind of path, and that would be worth something.
To make this work, I'd recommend breaking apart the description of the spell from what the spell is. "The glass is half full" and "the glass is half empty" describe the same glass state, but they do so from different vantage points. An sword that can be used to cast a barrier (enchantment and protection) can be thought of as using an enchanted sword to create a barrier, or a way to create a barrier with an enchanted sword. The enchanters will think of it one way, the protection magic people will think of it the other. And thus they will use different terminology and each will have its own slightly different flavor.
Bruce Lee was once asked the difference between a Chinese kung fu punch and a Japanese karate punch. He was quoted as replying that being hit with a karate punch is like being struck with a crowbar, while being hit with a kung fu punch is like being hit with a heavy metal ball at the end of a chain. You don't want to be on the receiving end of either.
There may be a difference between getting hit by a punch of an individual whose knuckles are hardened by a protection mage, or one whose knuckles are hardened by a transmogrification mage. They'll have their own flavors. Don't get hit by either. They hurt. | Jabberwocky University
----------------------
### Est. 361 BC
Student Guide for the Summer 2019 Term
***Thank you for joining us at Jabberwocky U, home of the Devouring Oroboros'!***
Please find enclosed an index to the colleges and degree programs for undergraduates at JWU for the Summer 2019 term. We want to remind students and parents that freshmen and returning sophmore students are required to live on campus, and should make arrangements for dormitory housing.
Please also remember that dragons of any kind are forbidden on campus grounds, and any damages done to dragons found on university grounds is at the owners' personal expense. JWU will not be liable for any damages done to personal property by dragons, deities, or otherworldly beings that have not been summoned by faculty or staff.
### College of Economics
The Smatty Perlmutter College of Economics teaches the application of divination to problems ranging from individual fortunes to macro divination. Students will learn how to recognize and apply economic principles to divination - where, when, and how to apply divination for best effect. They will learn the application of divination at a personal, business, city, national, and world level. Applied divination - methodologies for responding to divination results will be taught, as well as critical thinking, research, and problem solving skills. Students will create an instructor-led divination response, and apply it to a to a practical problem.
### College of Law
The Kaiser Wilhelm II School of Law (formerly the Prodicus School of Ethics) produces the finest legal professionals of the world each year. Students learn basic divination, and divination as it is applied to disputes. Philosophy, and the derivation of law from the philosophy of divined truths is examined. Students will learn how to conduct appropriate research and prepare - as well as argue - interpretations of divination and the law. Students will learn contracts, bindings, dissolution, and will participate in mock trials. They will learn how to negotiate disputes, arrange settlements, or argue a dispute properly before a Court of Divination.
### College of Medicine
At the Catherine de Medici and Emperor Justinian School of Necromancy and Medicine students will learn the living and unliving body. Alchemy, and it's application to heal injuries will be taught. Students will learn and name all of the physical parts and orgone chakras of the human body. Students will specialize within one of the sixteen different fields of Medicine, or become involved in the fast-growing field of Bio-Transmogrification.
### College of Veterinary Medicine
Students of the Germanicus Conservatory of Veterinary Medicine will learn for the care of creatures of all kinds. Students are invited to concentrate in farm, field, woodland, domestic, abyssal, and extra-dimensional focuses, or remain broad as general practitioners.
### College of Logic, Frivolity, and Mathematics
The Xenophon School of Logic is one of the original five schools at JWU. Students will learn the purest language of mathematics, it's logic roots, it's illogical roots. Students will learn to compose and defend theorems in mathematical terms that can be used by other mathematicians or applied scientists to prove or disprove theorems.
### School of Orgone
Students at the Saint Willoughby Cloister of Orgone will pursue the pure science of this fundamental building block of the universe. Students will learn how to apply fancy, will, and spirit - both rigorously and frivolously - to solve problems, and explore ideas.
### School of Alchemy
Students at JWU's School of Alchemy will learn the real and hypothetical properties of materials. Students will learn proper laboratory method, how to perform research, theoretical and industrial alchemy.
### School of Enchantment
Schools at the JWU School of Enchantment learn the application of applied sciences such as orgone, alchemy, and mathematics to solve practical problems. Students may concentrate in almost one hundred concentrations of enchantment including mechanical, electrical, and alchemical focuses.
### College of Art
The Diotima Colleg of Art teaches students beauty - both how to recognize it, and how to create it. Students will be invited to practice in several mediums: music, magic, light, and the written word to express fancy and actualize it into concrete form, as well as how to elevate the mundane to the extraordinary.
### College of Philosophy
Why? Students of the Archelaus College of Philosopy are exposed to the greatest minds and most intractable questions of human existence. Students are taught to think for themselves and think from perspective, how to seek and recognize absolute truth, and how to recognize the many trapdoors and false starts in thinking. |
162,951 | Orgone is the conduit through which the power of the cosmos flows, focused through a sorcerer's will. Ritual practitioners must draw on this reserve of power in their souls to make a magic spell work. Spells require a constant infusion of Orgone through rituals that are performed inside a transmutation circle, which require a number of ingredients and can last anywhere from 30 minutes to several hours depending on the spell.
There are five schools of magic that spells revolve around and are taught at universities:
* Enchantment Spells – These are spells designed to capture cosmic power within a crafted item, so that its power can be called upon in times of need.
* Protection Spells – These are spells designed to ward a user, object, or location against a variety of possible harms.
* Transmogrifcation Spells – These are spells designed to fundamentally alter or control another living being or creature.
* Transmutation Spells - Changing the makeup of different materials or combining them with others to make new forms of matter.
* Scrying Spells – These are spells designed to allow a user to perceive in ways that go beyond his five senses.
The more I think about it, the more I realize that many spells that fall into these categories cross boundaries. For example, an enchanted sword casts a barrier around an item (enchantment and protection) or a crystal ball made from transmuted elements that allows you to peer into the future (scrying and transmutation). With many of these effects infringing on each other's domain, the idea of schools of magic seems redundant. Getting a BA degree from. Harvard University or a PH.D from Hunter college seems pointless.
I want a way to make separating forms of magic into categories necessary enough to be relevant, instead of an interdisciplinary form of education for mages. How do I design a magic based curriculum based on these parameters? | 2019/12/06 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/162951",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/52361/"
] | I'd argue the schools would form naturally if you could only be a master a very small area of what would seem to be a continuum of disciplines at the magical-phd level. The topics are split almost arbitrarily (or traditionally as is often the case) at a lower level so they fit nicely in a teachable curriculum.
Using real world academia is a perfect model: At high school you get taught Chemistry. Later on you might do something more specific like Materials. Then in a phd you get to see how ill defined the edges of these discipline are (Material Engineering, Material Science, Material Chemistry, Polymers, Ceramics, Nano-materials etc.), but that doesn't mean the subjects are nebulous nor useless, they just have a focus on specific outcomes. They are necessary because the expertise and equipment costs and are so high that it's difficult to have any more than a cursory understanding of numerous topics.
Ceramics and Material Engineering crossing over into Aerospace Engineering to design a new Jet Turbine seems like a perfect parallel for Combat Scrying and Material Protection crossing over with Enchantment for Swordologists. Plus I like the idea that the reader would have no idea just how deep the rabbit whole of magi-science goes.
It would be fine for your "Bachelors" level mages to be still being taught like a Chemistry undergrad is still taught Chemistry, even though they realistically are doing a whole heap of Physics. | Jabberwocky University
----------------------
### Est. 361 BC
Student Guide for the Summer 2019 Term
***Thank you for joining us at Jabberwocky U, home of the Devouring Oroboros'!***
Please find enclosed an index to the colleges and degree programs for undergraduates at JWU for the Summer 2019 term. We want to remind students and parents that freshmen and returning sophmore students are required to live on campus, and should make arrangements for dormitory housing.
Please also remember that dragons of any kind are forbidden on campus grounds, and any damages done to dragons found on university grounds is at the owners' personal expense. JWU will not be liable for any damages done to personal property by dragons, deities, or otherworldly beings that have not been summoned by faculty or staff.
### College of Economics
The Smatty Perlmutter College of Economics teaches the application of divination to problems ranging from individual fortunes to macro divination. Students will learn how to recognize and apply economic principles to divination - where, when, and how to apply divination for best effect. They will learn the application of divination at a personal, business, city, national, and world level. Applied divination - methodologies for responding to divination results will be taught, as well as critical thinking, research, and problem solving skills. Students will create an instructor-led divination response, and apply it to a to a practical problem.
### College of Law
The Kaiser Wilhelm II School of Law (formerly the Prodicus School of Ethics) produces the finest legal professionals of the world each year. Students learn basic divination, and divination as it is applied to disputes. Philosophy, and the derivation of law from the philosophy of divined truths is examined. Students will learn how to conduct appropriate research and prepare - as well as argue - interpretations of divination and the law. Students will learn contracts, bindings, dissolution, and will participate in mock trials. They will learn how to negotiate disputes, arrange settlements, or argue a dispute properly before a Court of Divination.
### College of Medicine
At the Catherine de Medici and Emperor Justinian School of Necromancy and Medicine students will learn the living and unliving body. Alchemy, and it's application to heal injuries will be taught. Students will learn and name all of the physical parts and orgone chakras of the human body. Students will specialize within one of the sixteen different fields of Medicine, or become involved in the fast-growing field of Bio-Transmogrification.
### College of Veterinary Medicine
Students of the Germanicus Conservatory of Veterinary Medicine will learn for the care of creatures of all kinds. Students are invited to concentrate in farm, field, woodland, domestic, abyssal, and extra-dimensional focuses, or remain broad as general practitioners.
### College of Logic, Frivolity, and Mathematics
The Xenophon School of Logic is one of the original five schools at JWU. Students will learn the purest language of mathematics, it's logic roots, it's illogical roots. Students will learn to compose and defend theorems in mathematical terms that can be used by other mathematicians or applied scientists to prove or disprove theorems.
### School of Orgone
Students at the Saint Willoughby Cloister of Orgone will pursue the pure science of this fundamental building block of the universe. Students will learn how to apply fancy, will, and spirit - both rigorously and frivolously - to solve problems, and explore ideas.
### School of Alchemy
Students at JWU's School of Alchemy will learn the real and hypothetical properties of materials. Students will learn proper laboratory method, how to perform research, theoretical and industrial alchemy.
### School of Enchantment
Schools at the JWU School of Enchantment learn the application of applied sciences such as orgone, alchemy, and mathematics to solve practical problems. Students may concentrate in almost one hundred concentrations of enchantment including mechanical, electrical, and alchemical focuses.
### College of Art
The Diotima Colleg of Art teaches students beauty - both how to recognize it, and how to create it. Students will be invited to practice in several mediums: music, magic, light, and the written word to express fancy and actualize it into concrete form, as well as how to elevate the mundane to the extraordinary.
### College of Philosophy
Why? Students of the Archelaus College of Philosopy are exposed to the greatest minds and most intractable questions of human existence. Students are taught to think for themselves and think from perspective, how to seek and recognize absolute truth, and how to recognize the many trapdoors and false starts in thinking. |
162,951 | Orgone is the conduit through which the power of the cosmos flows, focused through a sorcerer's will. Ritual practitioners must draw on this reserve of power in their souls to make a magic spell work. Spells require a constant infusion of Orgone through rituals that are performed inside a transmutation circle, which require a number of ingredients and can last anywhere from 30 minutes to several hours depending on the spell.
There are five schools of magic that spells revolve around and are taught at universities:
* Enchantment Spells – These are spells designed to capture cosmic power within a crafted item, so that its power can be called upon in times of need.
* Protection Spells – These are spells designed to ward a user, object, or location against a variety of possible harms.
* Transmogrifcation Spells – These are spells designed to fundamentally alter or control another living being or creature.
* Transmutation Spells - Changing the makeup of different materials or combining them with others to make new forms of matter.
* Scrying Spells – These are spells designed to allow a user to perceive in ways that go beyond his five senses.
The more I think about it, the more I realize that many spells that fall into these categories cross boundaries. For example, an enchanted sword casts a barrier around an item (enchantment and protection) or a crystal ball made from transmuted elements that allows you to peer into the future (scrying and transmutation). With many of these effects infringing on each other's domain, the idea of schools of magic seems redundant. Getting a BA degree from. Harvard University or a PH.D from Hunter college seems pointless.
I want a way to make separating forms of magic into categories necessary enough to be relevant, instead of an interdisciplinary form of education for mages. How do I design a magic based curriculum based on these parameters? | 2019/12/06 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/162951",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/52361/"
] | Jabberwocky University
----------------------
### Est. 361 BC
Student Guide for the Summer 2019 Term
***Thank you for joining us at Jabberwocky U, home of the Devouring Oroboros'!***
Please find enclosed an index to the colleges and degree programs for undergraduates at JWU for the Summer 2019 term. We want to remind students and parents that freshmen and returning sophmore students are required to live on campus, and should make arrangements for dormitory housing.
Please also remember that dragons of any kind are forbidden on campus grounds, and any damages done to dragons found on university grounds is at the owners' personal expense. JWU will not be liable for any damages done to personal property by dragons, deities, or otherworldly beings that have not been summoned by faculty or staff.
### College of Economics
The Smatty Perlmutter College of Economics teaches the application of divination to problems ranging from individual fortunes to macro divination. Students will learn how to recognize and apply economic principles to divination - where, when, and how to apply divination for best effect. They will learn the application of divination at a personal, business, city, national, and world level. Applied divination - methodologies for responding to divination results will be taught, as well as critical thinking, research, and problem solving skills. Students will create an instructor-led divination response, and apply it to a to a practical problem.
### College of Law
The Kaiser Wilhelm II School of Law (formerly the Prodicus School of Ethics) produces the finest legal professionals of the world each year. Students learn basic divination, and divination as it is applied to disputes. Philosophy, and the derivation of law from the philosophy of divined truths is examined. Students will learn how to conduct appropriate research and prepare - as well as argue - interpretations of divination and the law. Students will learn contracts, bindings, dissolution, and will participate in mock trials. They will learn how to negotiate disputes, arrange settlements, or argue a dispute properly before a Court of Divination.
### College of Medicine
At the Catherine de Medici and Emperor Justinian School of Necromancy and Medicine students will learn the living and unliving body. Alchemy, and it's application to heal injuries will be taught. Students will learn and name all of the physical parts and orgone chakras of the human body. Students will specialize within one of the sixteen different fields of Medicine, or become involved in the fast-growing field of Bio-Transmogrification.
### College of Veterinary Medicine
Students of the Germanicus Conservatory of Veterinary Medicine will learn for the care of creatures of all kinds. Students are invited to concentrate in farm, field, woodland, domestic, abyssal, and extra-dimensional focuses, or remain broad as general practitioners.
### College of Logic, Frivolity, and Mathematics
The Xenophon School of Logic is one of the original five schools at JWU. Students will learn the purest language of mathematics, it's logic roots, it's illogical roots. Students will learn to compose and defend theorems in mathematical terms that can be used by other mathematicians or applied scientists to prove or disprove theorems.
### School of Orgone
Students at the Saint Willoughby Cloister of Orgone will pursue the pure science of this fundamental building block of the universe. Students will learn how to apply fancy, will, and spirit - both rigorously and frivolously - to solve problems, and explore ideas.
### School of Alchemy
Students at JWU's School of Alchemy will learn the real and hypothetical properties of materials. Students will learn proper laboratory method, how to perform research, theoretical and industrial alchemy.
### School of Enchantment
Schools at the JWU School of Enchantment learn the application of applied sciences such as orgone, alchemy, and mathematics to solve practical problems. Students may concentrate in almost one hundred concentrations of enchantment including mechanical, electrical, and alchemical focuses.
### College of Art
The Diotima Colleg of Art teaches students beauty - both how to recognize it, and how to create it. Students will be invited to practice in several mediums: music, magic, light, and the written word to express fancy and actualize it into concrete form, as well as how to elevate the mundane to the extraordinary.
### College of Philosophy
Why? Students of the Archelaus College of Philosopy are exposed to the greatest minds and most intractable questions of human existence. Students are taught to think for themselves and think from perspective, how to seek and recognize absolute truth, and how to recognize the many trapdoors and false starts in thinking. | You can't separate them
=======================
Well, not *completely*. Your mages will specialise in one field but need some knowledge in the others, to make full use of their magic.
Take inspiration from the real world - a person who studied pure mathematics or even programming can't really *only* use these skills. Not in all instances. A mathematician who will do some sort of analysis will do it in some context - be that in a biology field where they use mathematics to decipher DNA, a sociology where they use statistics to gather data for individuals, in financial field they'd be using it on cash flows and/or risk. They they *need* other knowledge.
Similarly, a software engineer can *in theory* build any sort of application. But in practice they won't if they don't have the business knowledge for it. A medical system will need awareness of medicine, a sociology system will need awareness of sociology, a financial system will need awareness of financing.
You don't need an actual degree in the secondary discipline to be able to work with it, but you need *coaching* and at least understanding the fundamentals.
So, similarly enchanters who *only* know enchanting will not be very effective, unless they are have enough skills to weave another spell and lay it into an item. They probably wouldn't need to study for a full bachelors degree (or equivalent) in Protection to be able to make a "brooch of shielding" but they'd need some knowledge in Protection and/or maybe a mage proficient in Protection.
On the flip side, a Protection specialist wouldn't be able to just make an enchanted item. Perhaps with *some* knowledge of Enchanting they'd be able to cobble together something but it will not be as efficient and elegant - a brooch of shielding is out of the question, the Protection mage knows very well how to shield but doesn't have enough skills to weave that spell into a very small item. Perhaps something like a large shield...but that's not very convenient. Other problems due to lack of Enchanting knowledge might include the spell *wearing out* sooner or even abruptly ending without (seemingly) any reason. Problems that an Enchanting specialist may have had a two semester course on.
A similar thing can happen with other disciplines outside of Enchanting. Protection + Scrying might be able to protect a caster from being scried on or maybe even guiding them towards things that will protect them (finding items, or even the futures where they don't get hurt). Or even slightly more mundanely (for magic...), protecting from overloading the senses when using scrying. But again, the full range of effects needs good skills in both fields - a Protection mage who doesn't know Scrying simply doesn't know *how* to protect against "bad future" or from sensory overload of senses they've never known of. A Scrying master without Protection skills cannot effectively isolate their senses from being tampered with or their fate from being scried.
And so on, and so forth.
So, *specialisation* gives you the tools you need for your field but you need other mages in order to make effective and useful spells. **That's why you need a university that houses them.** Different mages have to learn to work together. |
162,951 | Orgone is the conduit through which the power of the cosmos flows, focused through a sorcerer's will. Ritual practitioners must draw on this reserve of power in their souls to make a magic spell work. Spells require a constant infusion of Orgone through rituals that are performed inside a transmutation circle, which require a number of ingredients and can last anywhere from 30 minutes to several hours depending on the spell.
There are five schools of magic that spells revolve around and are taught at universities:
* Enchantment Spells – These are spells designed to capture cosmic power within a crafted item, so that its power can be called upon in times of need.
* Protection Spells – These are spells designed to ward a user, object, or location against a variety of possible harms.
* Transmogrifcation Spells – These are spells designed to fundamentally alter or control another living being or creature.
* Transmutation Spells - Changing the makeup of different materials or combining them with others to make new forms of matter.
* Scrying Spells – These are spells designed to allow a user to perceive in ways that go beyond his five senses.
The more I think about it, the more I realize that many spells that fall into these categories cross boundaries. For example, an enchanted sword casts a barrier around an item (enchantment and protection) or a crystal ball made from transmuted elements that allows you to peer into the future (scrying and transmutation). With many of these effects infringing on each other's domain, the idea of schools of magic seems redundant. Getting a BA degree from. Harvard University or a PH.D from Hunter college seems pointless.
I want a way to make separating forms of magic into categories necessary enough to be relevant, instead of an interdisciplinary form of education for mages. How do I design a magic based curriculum based on these parameters? | 2019/12/06 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/162951",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/52361/"
] | Magic schools do not need to classify spellcasting. They can be a path.
My martial arts teacher has described martial arts as a tall mountain we are all climbing. We are all taking different paths up the mountain, but we're all trying to ascend to the same peak at the top. As he put it, "I know one path up the mountain, and I will teach that path to you."
Martial arts has two goals, if I may state them in an indisputable fashion. The first goal is to not get into a fight. In a real fight, everybody loses. The second goal is, if a fight is required, make sure you lose as little as possible. There are martial arts schools that will claim goals involving various ways of "winning," but I find the goal of "losing as little as possible" is a better phrasing. Win when times are peaceful.
So there's two goals at the peak of the mountain for all of us. But there are so many myriad paths up that mountain that I would fail to count them all. Each one is a different path that is recommended by a school. Each one's path encourages a different toolkit of ways of solving a problem.
Your magic system may specify five paths up your mountain. But, when you really dive into it, there's not five paths. There's many. Within those myriad paths, we classify them into five schools of magic, but every magic teacher really offers their own path up the mountain, based upon their life experiences. A university may choose to collect teachers with a predictable kind of path, and that would be worth something.
To make this work, I'd recommend breaking apart the description of the spell from what the spell is. "The glass is half full" and "the glass is half empty" describe the same glass state, but they do so from different vantage points. An sword that can be used to cast a barrier (enchantment and protection) can be thought of as using an enchanted sword to create a barrier, or a way to create a barrier with an enchanted sword. The enchanters will think of it one way, the protection magic people will think of it the other. And thus they will use different terminology and each will have its own slightly different flavor.
Bruce Lee was once asked the difference between a Chinese kung fu punch and a Japanese karate punch. He was quoted as replying that being hit with a karate punch is like being struck with a crowbar, while being hit with a kung fu punch is like being hit with a heavy metal ball at the end of a chain. You don't want to be on the receiving end of either.
There may be a difference between getting hit by a punch of an individual whose knuckles are hardened by a protection mage, or one whose knuckles are hardened by a transmogrification mage. They'll have their own flavors. Don't get hit by either. They hurt. | I can think of two options
--------------------------
1. Each school of magic is based on a different fundamental spell or formula
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
All of a schools spells are based on a different formula, and each schools formula is unique, if you try to use a spell with the wrong fundamental structure, bad things happen.
learning a different school of magic is like learning magic all over again. Each school is like its own language (and may even have its own language), learning two schools is like learning Chinese and Spanish learning one does not really help you learn the other, it can even be a hindrance. Worse mixing them up can be very detrimental either from failure backlash or the random effects of botched magic. An example might be programming languages, some just are not really cross compatible.
Many spells have different versions built in each discipline, and although roughly the same they differin in the details of how they operate. You have to reinvent the wheel so to speak for each school. for instance each school has their own water walking spell but they each have different costs, rituals, and side effects. Perhaps the transmutation version creates a spongy mattress like surface to walk on, while the protection version not only lets you walk on water but also covers the caster in hydrophobic coating like effect meaning even rain just sloughs off the peerson, or the enchantment version creating a rigid but slick ice like surface to walk on.
You may learn about other schools superficially, like protection can do this and this but not this, you you are not going to learn their spells or spend much time on it. There might be geniuses that know two schools and can keep mixing them up but they are rare, as rare as meeting someone that can speak 4 languages fluently.
**"The graveyard is full of students who tried to use spells from other disciplines"**
Option 2, they do overlap just like real world schools of engineering but you still specialize.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Biology, geology, physics, chemistry, sociology, ect. these are all different fields of science principles from one often can't be applied outside that field while at the same time their is a huge amount of overlap. You learn a bit about all of them but specialize in one field for your degree. I myself am a paleontologist, I have degrees in both biology and geology, my knowledge in those fields os far more extensive than my knowledge of physics or engineering.
For your system a degree in Protection makes you an expert in protection you can cast other spells but the majority of your knowledge lies in protection spells, you have a larger variety of protection spells and can alter protection spells far more easily. You know the workings of protection sell intimately but that knowledge does not necessarily help you with any other schools spells, they are just different enough that principles you are not as familiar with apply.
you can think of each as being the equivalent of having a degree in X-engineering, much like how in the real world you have seperate degrees in material science, electrical engineering, civil engineering, ect. you know something about other fields and can even do some simple low level applications in others but the majority of your expertise is in that one discipline.
Bob is essentially Protection engineer, if you need a custom shield spell you talk to Bob if you need a water purification spell maybe you talk to someone else. but Bob is probably good enough to cast a water purification spell (off the self so to speak) but don't expect him to custom make one or diagnose a faulty water purification spell. Just like how you would not consult a electrical engineer to tell you why your dam collapsed or for how to create transparent aluminum, but you would want to talk to one about how to make a power grid.
Why do we do this, because becoming an expert takes time, too much time to let someone become an expert in everything, so your major tells everyone what you are an expert of. |
162,951 | Orgone is the conduit through which the power of the cosmos flows, focused through a sorcerer's will. Ritual practitioners must draw on this reserve of power in their souls to make a magic spell work. Spells require a constant infusion of Orgone through rituals that are performed inside a transmutation circle, which require a number of ingredients and can last anywhere from 30 minutes to several hours depending on the spell.
There are five schools of magic that spells revolve around and are taught at universities:
* Enchantment Spells – These are spells designed to capture cosmic power within a crafted item, so that its power can be called upon in times of need.
* Protection Spells – These are spells designed to ward a user, object, or location against a variety of possible harms.
* Transmogrifcation Spells – These are spells designed to fundamentally alter or control another living being or creature.
* Transmutation Spells - Changing the makeup of different materials or combining them with others to make new forms of matter.
* Scrying Spells – These are spells designed to allow a user to perceive in ways that go beyond his five senses.
The more I think about it, the more I realize that many spells that fall into these categories cross boundaries. For example, an enchanted sword casts a barrier around an item (enchantment and protection) or a crystal ball made from transmuted elements that allows you to peer into the future (scrying and transmutation). With many of these effects infringing on each other's domain, the idea of schools of magic seems redundant. Getting a BA degree from. Harvard University or a PH.D from Hunter college seems pointless.
I want a way to make separating forms of magic into categories necessary enough to be relevant, instead of an interdisciplinary form of education for mages. How do I design a magic based curriculum based on these parameters? | 2019/12/06 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/162951",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/52361/"
] | I'd argue the schools would form naturally if you could only be a master a very small area of what would seem to be a continuum of disciplines at the magical-phd level. The topics are split almost arbitrarily (or traditionally as is often the case) at a lower level so they fit nicely in a teachable curriculum.
Using real world academia is a perfect model: At high school you get taught Chemistry. Later on you might do something more specific like Materials. Then in a phd you get to see how ill defined the edges of these discipline are (Material Engineering, Material Science, Material Chemistry, Polymers, Ceramics, Nano-materials etc.), but that doesn't mean the subjects are nebulous nor useless, they just have a focus on specific outcomes. They are necessary because the expertise and equipment costs and are so high that it's difficult to have any more than a cursory understanding of numerous topics.
Ceramics and Material Engineering crossing over into Aerospace Engineering to design a new Jet Turbine seems like a perfect parallel for Combat Scrying and Material Protection crossing over with Enchantment for Swordologists. Plus I like the idea that the reader would have no idea just how deep the rabbit whole of magi-science goes.
It would be fine for your "Bachelors" level mages to be still being taught like a Chemistry undergrad is still taught Chemistry, even though they realistically are doing a whole heap of Physics. | All you need is different ways of doing the casting. One school draws runes; another chants words; another brews potions; another arranges objects in mathematical patterns; another dances. If the various effects are only achieved by a specific style of casting, you’ll have to get multiple degrees to cast compound effects or else work in teams with people from many schools. |
162,951 | Orgone is the conduit through which the power of the cosmos flows, focused through a sorcerer's will. Ritual practitioners must draw on this reserve of power in their souls to make a magic spell work. Spells require a constant infusion of Orgone through rituals that are performed inside a transmutation circle, which require a number of ingredients and can last anywhere from 30 minutes to several hours depending on the spell.
There are five schools of magic that spells revolve around and are taught at universities:
* Enchantment Spells – These are spells designed to capture cosmic power within a crafted item, so that its power can be called upon in times of need.
* Protection Spells – These are spells designed to ward a user, object, or location against a variety of possible harms.
* Transmogrifcation Spells – These are spells designed to fundamentally alter or control another living being or creature.
* Transmutation Spells - Changing the makeup of different materials or combining them with others to make new forms of matter.
* Scrying Spells – These are spells designed to allow a user to perceive in ways that go beyond his five senses.
The more I think about it, the more I realize that many spells that fall into these categories cross boundaries. For example, an enchanted sword casts a barrier around an item (enchantment and protection) or a crystal ball made from transmuted elements that allows you to peer into the future (scrying and transmutation). With many of these effects infringing on each other's domain, the idea of schools of magic seems redundant. Getting a BA degree from. Harvard University or a PH.D from Hunter college seems pointless.
I want a way to make separating forms of magic into categories necessary enough to be relevant, instead of an interdisciplinary form of education for mages. How do I design a magic based curriculum based on these parameters? | 2019/12/06 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/162951",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/52361/"
] | One of the ways to measure the health of a society is by **collaboration**, and that can be measured by **specialization**.
For most of human history every individual was either a hunter or a farmer. With the rise of civilization we introduced what is arguably the most profound aspect of our species: our ability to collaborate and specialize. Not *everyone* has to be a farmer now. Now one person can spend all day making clothes and another working with the animals and another farming and another on the watch tower and another building homes and so on. This only works because of *social trust* - the more we trust and work with each other the more we can *collaborate* and *specialize*. This has been a measure of health in civilizations for the entire history of civilization. *(quick aside: [Liars and Outliers by Bruce Schneier](https://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/com/B006ORT3KG) talks a lot about social trust. Schneier is a well known name in encryption and computing circles, but this book of his is a good read on the challenges we face in a digital age around social trust)*
When it comes to your magical universe, **you want specialization!** This is good. This means that you have an expert in Scrying who can do some Enchantment, but doesn't have to be an expert in both because he can find/hire/trust an Enchantment expert. And vice versa. Even within these five spells you'll have further refinements and *more* specialization. And that's good! It's a sign of a healthy society. It's akin to me being able to fix the basic plumbing in my house, but for complicated leaks and adjustments outside my comfort zone I can just hire a plumber. I've quite good at electrical work, and would be comfortable building out all the wiring in my unfinished basement without needing to hire an electrician, but for a large corporate office I would never try to touch that.
So it is in your world. Everyone will need to know *some type of basics*, but then you build on that with specialization. We teach all children to read, write, do basic math, learn a little chemistry, etc, but then they graduate high school and go into *specialized* field - Psychology, Chemistry, Math, etc, and then even beyond that *more specialization* - Math:Group Theory, Math:Number Theory, Math:Set Theory, Math:Discrete, and so on.
Have your world know some type of basics, and then educate and refine into specializations. | You specialize through process and aptitude. I have a system based on 7 schools of magic which each have 7 sub-classes, and very quickly ran into the same issue of having overlap.
I approached it by considering a similar question I have seen here before **(but cannot remember it right now - If anyone has seen it before and can link it would be appreciated.)** One of the answers was something to the effect of different ways to boil water, you could place it over a fire, pass electricity through a metal coil placed inside (kettle) , drop hot stones into the water, etc.
All of these achieve the same effect, but take a different approach to achieve it.
So your orgon users have to have a certain mental aptitude to use a specific school. Bob, who is a type 1 personality which is easy to use enchantment spells, but very hard to use Transmutation Spells. So in order to control his pet wolf, he enchants a stick with the property that every time he waves it, his wolf bites the person he is looking at. |
162,951 | Orgone is the conduit through which the power of the cosmos flows, focused through a sorcerer's will. Ritual practitioners must draw on this reserve of power in their souls to make a magic spell work. Spells require a constant infusion of Orgone through rituals that are performed inside a transmutation circle, which require a number of ingredients and can last anywhere from 30 minutes to several hours depending on the spell.
There are five schools of magic that spells revolve around and are taught at universities:
* Enchantment Spells – These are spells designed to capture cosmic power within a crafted item, so that its power can be called upon in times of need.
* Protection Spells – These are spells designed to ward a user, object, or location against a variety of possible harms.
* Transmogrifcation Spells – These are spells designed to fundamentally alter or control another living being or creature.
* Transmutation Spells - Changing the makeup of different materials or combining them with others to make new forms of matter.
* Scrying Spells – These are spells designed to allow a user to perceive in ways that go beyond his five senses.
The more I think about it, the more I realize that many spells that fall into these categories cross boundaries. For example, an enchanted sword casts a barrier around an item (enchantment and protection) or a crystal ball made from transmuted elements that allows you to peer into the future (scrying and transmutation). With many of these effects infringing on each other's domain, the idea of schools of magic seems redundant. Getting a BA degree from. Harvard University or a PH.D from Hunter college seems pointless.
I want a way to make separating forms of magic into categories necessary enough to be relevant, instead of an interdisciplinary form of education for mages. How do I design a magic based curriculum based on these parameters? | 2019/12/06 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/162951",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/52361/"
] | Jabberwocky University
----------------------
### Est. 361 BC
Student Guide for the Summer 2019 Term
***Thank you for joining us at Jabberwocky U, home of the Devouring Oroboros'!***
Please find enclosed an index to the colleges and degree programs for undergraduates at JWU for the Summer 2019 term. We want to remind students and parents that freshmen and returning sophmore students are required to live on campus, and should make arrangements for dormitory housing.
Please also remember that dragons of any kind are forbidden on campus grounds, and any damages done to dragons found on university grounds is at the owners' personal expense. JWU will not be liable for any damages done to personal property by dragons, deities, or otherworldly beings that have not been summoned by faculty or staff.
### College of Economics
The Smatty Perlmutter College of Economics teaches the application of divination to problems ranging from individual fortunes to macro divination. Students will learn how to recognize and apply economic principles to divination - where, when, and how to apply divination for best effect. They will learn the application of divination at a personal, business, city, national, and world level. Applied divination - methodologies for responding to divination results will be taught, as well as critical thinking, research, and problem solving skills. Students will create an instructor-led divination response, and apply it to a to a practical problem.
### College of Law
The Kaiser Wilhelm II School of Law (formerly the Prodicus School of Ethics) produces the finest legal professionals of the world each year. Students learn basic divination, and divination as it is applied to disputes. Philosophy, and the derivation of law from the philosophy of divined truths is examined. Students will learn how to conduct appropriate research and prepare - as well as argue - interpretations of divination and the law. Students will learn contracts, bindings, dissolution, and will participate in mock trials. They will learn how to negotiate disputes, arrange settlements, or argue a dispute properly before a Court of Divination.
### College of Medicine
At the Catherine de Medici and Emperor Justinian School of Necromancy and Medicine students will learn the living and unliving body. Alchemy, and it's application to heal injuries will be taught. Students will learn and name all of the physical parts and orgone chakras of the human body. Students will specialize within one of the sixteen different fields of Medicine, or become involved in the fast-growing field of Bio-Transmogrification.
### College of Veterinary Medicine
Students of the Germanicus Conservatory of Veterinary Medicine will learn for the care of creatures of all kinds. Students are invited to concentrate in farm, field, woodland, domestic, abyssal, and extra-dimensional focuses, or remain broad as general practitioners.
### College of Logic, Frivolity, and Mathematics
The Xenophon School of Logic is one of the original five schools at JWU. Students will learn the purest language of mathematics, it's logic roots, it's illogical roots. Students will learn to compose and defend theorems in mathematical terms that can be used by other mathematicians or applied scientists to prove or disprove theorems.
### School of Orgone
Students at the Saint Willoughby Cloister of Orgone will pursue the pure science of this fundamental building block of the universe. Students will learn how to apply fancy, will, and spirit - both rigorously and frivolously - to solve problems, and explore ideas.
### School of Alchemy
Students at JWU's School of Alchemy will learn the real and hypothetical properties of materials. Students will learn proper laboratory method, how to perform research, theoretical and industrial alchemy.
### School of Enchantment
Schools at the JWU School of Enchantment learn the application of applied sciences such as orgone, alchemy, and mathematics to solve practical problems. Students may concentrate in almost one hundred concentrations of enchantment including mechanical, electrical, and alchemical focuses.
### College of Art
The Diotima Colleg of Art teaches students beauty - both how to recognize it, and how to create it. Students will be invited to practice in several mediums: music, magic, light, and the written word to express fancy and actualize it into concrete form, as well as how to elevate the mundane to the extraordinary.
### College of Philosophy
Why? Students of the Archelaus College of Philosopy are exposed to the greatest minds and most intractable questions of human existence. Students are taught to think for themselves and think from perspective, how to seek and recognize absolute truth, and how to recognize the many trapdoors and false starts in thinking. | You specialize through process and aptitude. I have a system based on 7 schools of magic which each have 7 sub-classes, and very quickly ran into the same issue of having overlap.
I approached it by considering a similar question I have seen here before **(but cannot remember it right now - If anyone has seen it before and can link it would be appreciated.)** One of the answers was something to the effect of different ways to boil water, you could place it over a fire, pass electricity through a metal coil placed inside (kettle) , drop hot stones into the water, etc.
All of these achieve the same effect, but take a different approach to achieve it.
So your orgon users have to have a certain mental aptitude to use a specific school. Bob, who is a type 1 personality which is easy to use enchantment spells, but very hard to use Transmutation Spells. So in order to control his pet wolf, he enchants a stick with the property that every time he waves it, his wolf bites the person he is looking at. |
928,385 | I own a Dell Inspiron N5050 Notebook running Windows 7 Home Premium. I am trying to permanently disable the touchpad. I installed the appropriate driver in order to manage my touchpad preferences, and successfully disabled it - but once the machine was rebooted, the touchpad was on again. I really don't care if I will need to keep disabling it each time I boot up, but does anyone know of a way to permanently disable it? | 2015/06/15 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/928385",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/459202/"
] | **Approach 1: BIOS**
The touchpad can usually be disabled in BIOS. On my Dell Latitude E6430s, the option is *POST Behavior*, *Mouse/Touchpad*. There is even an option to disable the touchpad only if an external mouse is attached.
**Approach 2: Device Manager**
Open Control Panel, System, Device Manager. Navigate to the mouse, right click on it and click Disable.
**Approach 3: Physically unplug**
According to a disassembly video, it appears that you can unplug the touchpad by removing the keyboard (at 3:45) and removing the small ribbon cable near the touchpad.
<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NR0iRYLEO9s> | For a simple, ugly, non-technical option, you could just cover the touchpad with tape. |
928,385 | I own a Dell Inspiron N5050 Notebook running Windows 7 Home Premium. I am trying to permanently disable the touchpad. I installed the appropriate driver in order to manage my touchpad preferences, and successfully disabled it - but once the machine was rebooted, the touchpad was on again. I really don't care if I will need to keep disabling it each time I boot up, but does anyone know of a way to permanently disable it? | 2015/06/15 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/928385",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/459202/"
] | **Approach 1: BIOS**
The touchpad can usually be disabled in BIOS. On my Dell Latitude E6430s, the option is *POST Behavior*, *Mouse/Touchpad*. There is even an option to disable the touchpad only if an external mouse is attached.
**Approach 2: Device Manager**
Open Control Panel, System, Device Manager. Navigate to the mouse, right click on it and click Disable.
**Approach 3: Physically unplug**
According to a disassembly video, it appears that you can unplug the touchpad by removing the keyboard (at 3:45) and removing the small ribbon cable near the touchpad.
<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NR0iRYLEO9s> | You asked just the right guy! I have an N5050 with an MS3500 USB mouse. To avoid physical alterations install both MS mouse and keyboard center 2.3.180.0 and Dell Touchpad driver by Alps electric 7.1107.115.102. Go to control panel click mouse and look for a touchpad tab. If not there something is missing. Click touchpad and go to buttons. Disable both buttons and touchpad. Click disable when USB mouse is present. |
928,385 | I own a Dell Inspiron N5050 Notebook running Windows 7 Home Premium. I am trying to permanently disable the touchpad. I installed the appropriate driver in order to manage my touchpad preferences, and successfully disabled it - but once the machine was rebooted, the touchpad was on again. I really don't care if I will need to keep disabling it each time I boot up, but does anyone know of a way to permanently disable it? | 2015/06/15 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/928385",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/459202/"
] | **Approach 1: BIOS**
The touchpad can usually be disabled in BIOS. On my Dell Latitude E6430s, the option is *POST Behavior*, *Mouse/Touchpad*. There is even an option to disable the touchpad only if an external mouse is attached.
**Approach 2: Device Manager**
Open Control Panel, System, Device Manager. Navigate to the mouse, right click on it and click Disable.
**Approach 3: Physically unplug**
According to a disassembly video, it appears that you can unplug the touchpad by removing the keyboard (at 3:45) and removing the small ribbon cable near the touchpad.
<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NR0iRYLEO9s> | You don't really have to disable the entire touch pad, you just have to turn off the tap to select feature. Go to Control Panel>Mouse and select the touch pad tab. Find the tap-to-select tab, uncheck the enable box, and click OK.
Then, just touching the pad will have no effect, but it will still respond to a moving finger. And the change is permanent. |
928,385 | I own a Dell Inspiron N5050 Notebook running Windows 7 Home Premium. I am trying to permanently disable the touchpad. I installed the appropriate driver in order to manage my touchpad preferences, and successfully disabled it - but once the machine was rebooted, the touchpad was on again. I really don't care if I will need to keep disabling it each time I boot up, but does anyone know of a way to permanently disable it? | 2015/06/15 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/928385",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/459202/"
] | You don't really have to disable the entire touch pad, you just have to turn off the tap to select feature. Go to Control Panel>Mouse and select the touch pad tab. Find the tap-to-select tab, uncheck the enable box, and click OK.
Then, just touching the pad will have no effect, but it will still respond to a moving finger. And the change is permanent. | For a simple, ugly, non-technical option, you could just cover the touchpad with tape. |
928,385 | I own a Dell Inspiron N5050 Notebook running Windows 7 Home Premium. I am trying to permanently disable the touchpad. I installed the appropriate driver in order to manage my touchpad preferences, and successfully disabled it - but once the machine was rebooted, the touchpad was on again. I really don't care if I will need to keep disabling it each time I boot up, but does anyone know of a way to permanently disable it? | 2015/06/15 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/928385",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/459202/"
] | You don't really have to disable the entire touch pad, you just have to turn off the tap to select feature. Go to Control Panel>Mouse and select the touch pad tab. Find the tap-to-select tab, uncheck the enable box, and click OK.
Then, just touching the pad will have no effect, but it will still respond to a moving finger. And the change is permanent. | You asked just the right guy! I have an N5050 with an MS3500 USB mouse. To avoid physical alterations install both MS mouse and keyboard center 2.3.180.0 and Dell Touchpad driver by Alps electric 7.1107.115.102. Go to control panel click mouse and look for a touchpad tab. If not there something is missing. Click touchpad and go to buttons. Disable both buttons and touchpad. Click disable when USB mouse is present. |
775,104 | I have many JPEG files (pictures) on my USB flash memory. I give it to my customers to look at those pictures and choose one (then I make their order based on that selection).
I want they can look at the pictures but don't can to copy or drag-and-drop them.
Is there such a way?
I use Windows 7. | 2014/06/30 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/775104",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/318555/"
] | Unfortunately, if the file can be read - its raw data (1's and 0's) can be copied my merely reading them and putting the same bits into another file.
Even if you figured out how to copy-protect a memory stick, there are other things which users can also do including screenshots, print-n-scan, drive cloning, advanced file unlockers.. the list is endless.
Unfortunately, because of this - it is impossible to stop someone from copying the images.
You could always embed the images intoa piece of flash or similar - making copying the files directly harder to do. Couple that with a watermark and they have something not worth copying and requiring a it more effort - which will stop the basic copyist, but you can never stop everyone. | In short, no. If they can look at the files, they can copy them. There is no way in Windows 7 to prevent this. |
775,104 | I have many JPEG files (pictures) on my USB flash memory. I give it to my customers to look at those pictures and choose one (then I make their order based on that selection).
I want they can look at the pictures but don't can to copy or drag-and-drop them.
Is there such a way?
I use Windows 7. | 2014/06/30 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/775104",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/318555/"
] | In short, no. If they can look at the files, they can copy them. There is no way in Windows 7 to prevent this. | maybe outdated, but for whoever found this thread:
just make a brochure PDF that is password protected.
they still can copy it but can't deny the link between the image and your business.
and you can make them agree on non-disclosure-agreement in a contract. so your intellectual property will be kept secure.
that way when your PDF is copied and published elsewhere you'll get even more customers instead |
775,104 | I have many JPEG files (pictures) on my USB flash memory. I give it to my customers to look at those pictures and choose one (then I make their order based on that selection).
I want they can look at the pictures but don't can to copy or drag-and-drop them.
Is there such a way?
I use Windows 7. | 2014/06/30 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/775104",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/318555/"
] | Unfortunately, if the file can be read - its raw data (1's and 0's) can be copied my merely reading them and putting the same bits into another file.
Even if you figured out how to copy-protect a memory stick, there are other things which users can also do including screenshots, print-n-scan, drive cloning, advanced file unlockers.. the list is endless.
Unfortunately, because of this - it is impossible to stop someone from copying the images.
You could always embed the images intoa piece of flash or similar - making copying the files directly harder to do. Couple that with a watermark and they have something not worth copying and requiring a it more effort - which will stop the basic copyist, but you can never stop everyone. | maybe outdated, but for whoever found this thread:
just make a brochure PDF that is password protected.
they still can copy it but can't deny the link between the image and your business.
and you can make them agree on non-disclosure-agreement in a contract. so your intellectual property will be kept secure.
that way when your PDF is copied and published elsewhere you'll get even more customers instead |
14,876 | I am a beginner in Selenium WebDriver (Java with TestNg). I'm trying to create a framework of my own.
My question here is what would be the better option to store my objects (basically all the webelements of my website under test), Page Object Model or External Property file? Why? Is there a better method than those?
Please help. | 2015/09/25 | [
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com/questions/14876",
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com",
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com/users/14561/"
] | In my framework, I do not write code for any of the the webelements. I just store the locators (it is in Python, so simple dictionary literal works pretty well) in pageobject file for the page. I generate webelement from that as I need them - this saves lots of code. I could pretend I use factory pattern, but I don't - it is all much simpler than that, because Python's dynamic typing ignores type nazis and makes difficult things simple.
My advice would be not to start with framework. Start with coding what you need, and refactor as you learn more what your code need. Unless you are really experienced Java hacker with lots of OO design experience - and if you were, you would not be asking this question here, I guess? :-) | Use Page Object Model. It follows encapsulation concept. In POM you develop web elements as private members, you will have parameterized constructor and member functions. Actual initialization of web elements happens inside member functions so no elements will be loaded into the stack at the time of constructor creation there by increasing the processing speed. |
14,876 | I am a beginner in Selenium WebDriver (Java with TestNg). I'm trying to create a framework of my own.
My question here is what would be the better option to store my objects (basically all the webelements of my website under test), Page Object Model or External Property file? Why? Is there a better method than those?
Please help. | 2015/09/25 | [
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com/questions/14876",
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com",
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com/users/14561/"
] | In my framework, I do not write code for any of the the webelements. I just store the locators (it is in Python, so simple dictionary literal works pretty well) in pageobject file for the page. I generate webelement from that as I need them - this saves lots of code. I could pretend I use factory pattern, but I don't - it is all much simpler than that, because Python's dynamic typing ignores type nazis and makes difficult things simple.
My advice would be not to start with framework. Start with coding what you need, and refactor as you learn more what your code need. Unless you are really experienced Java hacker with lots of OO design experience - and if you were, you would not be asking this question here, I guess? :-) | Instead, combine both. I have developed a support package that uses page factory to read locators from JSON.
Here is the article.
<https://medium.com/@hemanthsridhar92/custom-selenium-page-factory-to-read-locators-from-json-48710f77e272>
Let me know if you have any questions. |
14,876 | I am a beginner in Selenium WebDriver (Java with TestNg). I'm trying to create a framework of my own.
My question here is what would be the better option to store my objects (basically all the webelements of my website under test), Page Object Model or External Property file? Why? Is there a better method than those?
Please help. | 2015/09/25 | [
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com/questions/14876",
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com",
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com/users/14561/"
] | In my framework, I do not write code for any of the the webelements. I just store the locators (it is in Python, so simple dictionary literal works pretty well) in pageobject file for the page. I generate webelement from that as I need them - this saves lots of code. I could pretend I use factory pattern, but I don't - it is all much simpler than that, because Python's dynamic typing ignores type nazis and makes difficult things simple.
My advice would be not to start with framework. Start with coding what you need, and refactor as you learn more what your code need. Unless you are really experienced Java hacker with lots of OO design experience - and if you were, you would not be asking this question here, I guess? :-) | Using Page Object Model to design your automation test and Pyyaml to read the input/data with yaml format. It's human readable format. |
14,876 | I am a beginner in Selenium WebDriver (Java with TestNg). I'm trying to create a framework of my own.
My question here is what would be the better option to store my objects (basically all the webelements of my website under test), Page Object Model or External Property file? Why? Is there a better method than those?
Please help. | 2015/09/25 | [
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com/questions/14876",
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com",
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com/users/14561/"
] | Use Page Object Model. It follows encapsulation concept. In POM you develop web elements as private members, you will have parameterized constructor and member functions. Actual initialization of web elements happens inside member functions so no elements will be loaded into the stack at the time of constructor creation there by increasing the processing speed. | Instead, combine both. I have developed a support package that uses page factory to read locators from JSON.
Here is the article.
<https://medium.com/@hemanthsridhar92/custom-selenium-page-factory-to-read-locators-from-json-48710f77e272>
Let me know if you have any questions. |
14,876 | I am a beginner in Selenium WebDriver (Java with TestNg). I'm trying to create a framework of my own.
My question here is what would be the better option to store my objects (basically all the webelements of my website under test), Page Object Model or External Property file? Why? Is there a better method than those?
Please help. | 2015/09/25 | [
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com/questions/14876",
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com",
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com/users/14561/"
] | Use Page Object Model. It follows encapsulation concept. In POM you develop web elements as private members, you will have parameterized constructor and member functions. Actual initialization of web elements happens inside member functions so no elements will be loaded into the stack at the time of constructor creation there by increasing the processing speed. | Using Page Object Model to design your automation test and Pyyaml to read the input/data with yaml format. It's human readable format. |
316,512 | What exactly is a class? Is it the period of time of one subject? Is a subject a class? Is class a group of people or is that a grade? Is a grade a level or is it an ABCDEF in the score? I have a feeling the English language is left with "class" and "grade" for all terms. That might not be true because I might be missing the true names of these things.
So how do you say these?
* People who are being studied things
* A subject
* An ABCDEF
* A place where people study
* A period of time during which people who are being studied things sit and learn | 2016/03/29 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/316512",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/129936/"
] | Your wording "people [...] being studied things" is non-idiomatic. If people are being studied then someone else is trying to learn something about them. From context, I think you mean people being [*taught*](http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/teach) things. That indicates that someone is trying to instruct the people in question ("taught" being the past tense of "to teach").
[Merriam-Webster](http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/class) gives these four meanings for "class" in school context (along with several others in different contexts):
>
> a : a body of students meeting regularly to study the same subject
>
>
>
Example: "My Biology class dissected frogs today." Perhaps this is what you meant by "People who are being studied things".
>
> b : the period during which such a body meets
>
>
>
Example: "Turn off your cell phones during class." This seems to match your "period of time during which people who are being studied things sit and learn."
>
> c : a course of instruction
>
>
>
Example: "I need only four more classes to graduate!" This is similar to a "subject", and in some circumstances and localities the two might be used interchangeably.
>
> d : a body of students or alumni whose year of graduation is the same
>
>
>
Example: "This bench is a gift from the class of 2011." This one is not among the terms you asked about.
You also asked about "An ABCDEF", which would be called one of a "grade" or a "mark" in most English-speaking locales.
"A place where people study" could be a "classroom", but also many other things ("study hall", "library", "study", "bedroom", and many more). | So how do you say these? In Australia... (not sure if you'd find this interesting at all, but any way). A lot of terms also differ depending on primary/secondary or tertiary education.
People who are being taught things are *students* (for both Primary/Secondary & Tertiary)
A subject is something like mathematics, English, history, calculus, etc. They are the same for both primary/secondary and tertiary.
An ABCDEF is known as a grade for both primary/secondary and tertiary. However while school is scored as A-F, tertiary is scored on a 1-7 scale (with 7 being a high distinction, and less than 3 being a fail) and known as a grade, hence the term Grade Point Average (GPA).
The place where people learn, would just be the classroom at school. At university, we have different names depending on the function of the room, such as *lecture theatre* or *tutorial room*.
A period of time during which people who are being studied things sit and learn is known as a class (for both school and University). |
22,279,562 | I want set an element's transformation point which is put on the stage.But I can't find the property in DisplayObject. Where is it ?
Thanks! | 2014/03/09 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/22279562",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/3118445/"
] | You have to define a transformation matrix for the displayObject. The transformation point is a property of the matrix, which can be set using transformPoint().
[See AS3 documentation for matrix.](http://help.adobe.com/en_US/FlashPlatform/reference/actionscript/3/flash/geom/Matrix.html) | Place your MovieClip on the scene, and select transformation tool (hotkey `Q`), you will see black squares for scaling object, and you will see white square. White square is a pivot for transformation, simply move it in any directions. |
6,252,094 | i am trying to use localhost to send mail. however, i am getting this error when sending:
Warning: mail() [function.mail]: SMTP server response: 550 Access denied - Invalid HELO name (See RFC2821 4.1.1.1). i have smtp settings correct in php.ini and am just confused as to what this means. thanks | 2011/06/06 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/6252094",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/785902/"
] | There seem to be two primary reasons for this.
1. The first has to do with the email client configuration (google INVALID HELO OUTLOOK).
2. The other reason is an improperly configured SMTP server where the server sends out emails with only the server name and not a fully qualified name (e.g., emailserver vs emailserver.mydomain.com).
You should contact your hosting company and give them as much detail as you can. They should be able to help.
If you are using cPanel, you can disable HELO checking. See the user guide. The trade off is you will receive more spam... | I had a similar problem with postfix in Ubuntu. It turned out that I'd not set 'myhostname' in the postfix configuration file.
The problem disappeared when I configured 'myhostname' in the following file:
/etc/postfix/main.cf |
179,559 | For some reason, I am suddenly getting a 5.2 error when I try to play videos. I found [this](https://www.reddit.com/r/samsung/comments/6mkz8h/help_netflix_error_52_since_the_latest_update/) on Reddit, but no one found a soltuion. Rooted devices can fix it, so here is my question:
Is there any way to solve the error on **unrooted** Samsung devices?
Checked the Netflix help center, but the 5.2 error isn't listed.
As usual, removing the app, clearing data, restarting device, tried over 4G, restarting netflix app, tried online and offline, previously viewed and unviewed, series and movies and every other suggested solution to different errors.
Nothing works. Any ideas if this is fixable, or if it is a Netflix issue?
---
Checking reviews on Google PLay reviews of the Netflix app and Reddit (see link above) there are a lot of people affected by this (5.2 error). It looks like it is Samsung only, as I can't reproduce it with my tablet (non-samsung) | 2017/07/16 | [
"https://android.stackexchange.com/questions/179559",
"https://android.stackexchange.com",
"https://android.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | I recommend you contact netflix directly. There is an old APK that they will provide to circumvent this problem. its a temporary fix but it works | We need to wait, this happens since samsung S6 last update, netflix must update there app. until than, wait, wait and wait |
179,559 | For some reason, I am suddenly getting a 5.2 error when I try to play videos. I found [this](https://www.reddit.com/r/samsung/comments/6mkz8h/help_netflix_error_52_since_the_latest_update/) on Reddit, but no one found a soltuion. Rooted devices can fix it, so here is my question:
Is there any way to solve the error on **unrooted** Samsung devices?
Checked the Netflix help center, but the 5.2 error isn't listed.
As usual, removing the app, clearing data, restarting device, tried over 4G, restarting netflix app, tried online and offline, previously viewed and unviewed, series and movies and every other suggested solution to different errors.
Nothing works. Any ideas if this is fixable, or if it is a Netflix issue?
---
Checking reviews on Google PLay reviews of the Netflix app and Reddit (see link above) there are a lot of people affected by this (5.2 error). It looks like it is Samsung only, as I can't reproduce it with my tablet (non-samsung) | 2017/07/16 | [
"https://android.stackexchange.com/questions/179559",
"https://android.stackexchange.com",
"https://android.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | User hawky11 and nickfury27 on [Reddit](https://www.reddit.com/r/samsung/comments/6mkz8h/help_netflix_error_52_since_the_latest_update/dkhj2rx/?utm_content=permalink&utm_medium=front&utm_source=reddit&utm_name=samsung) reported that installing an older version works. The version is quite old (v3.1.xx) and may be having security vulnerabilities, so be on your guard when using it. Nonetheless, here is the link to official source: <https://help.netflix.com/en/node/24776>
Some [other](https://forum.xda-developers.com/showpost.php?p=73016830&postcount=16) [users](https://www.reddit.com/r/samsung/comments/6mkz8h/help_netflix_error_52_since_the_latest_update/dk8urpy/?utm_content=permalink&utm_medium=front&utm_source=reddit&utm_name=samsung) tried v4.13.xx or [v4.16.xx](https://help.netflix.com/en/node/57688) but that didn't benefit them much. | We need to wait, this happens since samsung S6 last update, netflix must update there app. until than, wait, wait and wait |
179,559 | For some reason, I am suddenly getting a 5.2 error when I try to play videos. I found [this](https://www.reddit.com/r/samsung/comments/6mkz8h/help_netflix_error_52_since_the_latest_update/) on Reddit, but no one found a soltuion. Rooted devices can fix it, so here is my question:
Is there any way to solve the error on **unrooted** Samsung devices?
Checked the Netflix help center, but the 5.2 error isn't listed.
As usual, removing the app, clearing data, restarting device, tried over 4G, restarting netflix app, tried online and offline, previously viewed and unviewed, series and movies and every other suggested solution to different errors.
Nothing works. Any ideas if this is fixable, or if it is a Netflix issue?
---
Checking reviews on Google PLay reviews of the Netflix app and Reddit (see link above) there are a lot of people affected by this (5.2 error). It looks like it is Samsung only, as I can't reproduce it with my tablet (non-samsung) | 2017/07/16 | [
"https://android.stackexchange.com/questions/179559",
"https://android.stackexchange.com",
"https://android.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | Writing on behalf of OP since they cannot post due to inadequate reputation.
>
> Even though reinstalling, rebooting, relogging, deleting data and trying different shows, I finally got it working by force stopping Netflix. No clue why, no clue if this is a permanent fix, but I can at least watch shows and movies again. Doesn't look like there has been an update to address this.
>
>
> Force stopping the app at least worked, even if it isn't a permanent fix. It may not last long, but it at least works now.
>
>
> | We need to wait, this happens since samsung S6 last update, netflix must update there app. until than, wait, wait and wait |
179,559 | For some reason, I am suddenly getting a 5.2 error when I try to play videos. I found [this](https://www.reddit.com/r/samsung/comments/6mkz8h/help_netflix_error_52_since_the_latest_update/) on Reddit, but no one found a soltuion. Rooted devices can fix it, so here is my question:
Is there any way to solve the error on **unrooted** Samsung devices?
Checked the Netflix help center, but the 5.2 error isn't listed.
As usual, removing the app, clearing data, restarting device, tried over 4G, restarting netflix app, tried online and offline, previously viewed and unviewed, series and movies and every other suggested solution to different errors.
Nothing works. Any ideas if this is fixable, or if it is a Netflix issue?
---
Checking reviews on Google PLay reviews of the Netflix app and Reddit (see link above) there are a lot of people affected by this (5.2 error). It looks like it is Samsung only, as I can't reproduce it with my tablet (non-samsung) | 2017/07/16 | [
"https://android.stackexchange.com/questions/179559",
"https://android.stackexchange.com",
"https://android.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | Writing on behalf of OP since they cannot post due to inadequate reputation.
>
> Even though reinstalling, rebooting, relogging, deleting data and trying different shows, I finally got it working by force stopping Netflix. No clue why, no clue if this is a permanent fix, but I can at least watch shows and movies again. Doesn't look like there has been an update to address this.
>
>
> Force stopping the app at least worked, even if it isn't a permanent fix. It may not last long, but it at least works now.
>
>
> | I recommend you contact netflix directly. There is an old APK that they will provide to circumvent this problem. its a temporary fix but it works |
179,559 | For some reason, I am suddenly getting a 5.2 error when I try to play videos. I found [this](https://www.reddit.com/r/samsung/comments/6mkz8h/help_netflix_error_52_since_the_latest_update/) on Reddit, but no one found a soltuion. Rooted devices can fix it, so here is my question:
Is there any way to solve the error on **unrooted** Samsung devices?
Checked the Netflix help center, but the 5.2 error isn't listed.
As usual, removing the app, clearing data, restarting device, tried over 4G, restarting netflix app, tried online and offline, previously viewed and unviewed, series and movies and every other suggested solution to different errors.
Nothing works. Any ideas if this is fixable, or if it is a Netflix issue?
---
Checking reviews on Google PLay reviews of the Netflix app and Reddit (see link above) there are a lot of people affected by this (5.2 error). It looks like it is Samsung only, as I can't reproduce it with my tablet (non-samsung) | 2017/07/16 | [
"https://android.stackexchange.com/questions/179559",
"https://android.stackexchange.com",
"https://android.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | Writing on behalf of OP since they cannot post due to inadequate reputation.
>
> Even though reinstalling, rebooting, relogging, deleting data and trying different shows, I finally got it working by force stopping Netflix. No clue why, no clue if this is a permanent fix, but I can at least watch shows and movies again. Doesn't look like there has been an update to address this.
>
>
> Force stopping the app at least worked, even if it isn't a permanent fix. It may not last long, but it at least works now.
>
>
> | User hawky11 and nickfury27 on [Reddit](https://www.reddit.com/r/samsung/comments/6mkz8h/help_netflix_error_52_since_the_latest_update/dkhj2rx/?utm_content=permalink&utm_medium=front&utm_source=reddit&utm_name=samsung) reported that installing an older version works. The version is quite old (v3.1.xx) and may be having security vulnerabilities, so be on your guard when using it. Nonetheless, here is the link to official source: <https://help.netflix.com/en/node/24776>
Some [other](https://forum.xda-developers.com/showpost.php?p=73016830&postcount=16) [users](https://www.reddit.com/r/samsung/comments/6mkz8h/help_netflix_error_52_since_the_latest_update/dk8urpy/?utm_content=permalink&utm_medium=front&utm_source=reddit&utm_name=samsung) tried v4.13.xx or [v4.16.xx](https://help.netflix.com/en/node/57688) but that didn't benefit them much. |
2,550,260 | I want to use some open source code that is licenced under the following "GNU General Public License (GPL), MIT License". I want to include this code in a product that i will sell.
[Here is the code in particular](http://mda.smartelectronix.com/)
What do i have to do to not get sued? :)
I dont mind distributing the source code that i have modified, but i dont want the whole application open source.
If i build the open source code into a library and open source the library can i link to it and not open the rest of my source?
EDIT: In the project it has the following
"The mda VST plug-ins are released under the MIT license or under the GPL
"either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version"." | 2010/03/31 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2550260",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/-1/"
] | You will have to look specifically at the individual bits of code to know how each is licensed. While the GPL and MIT license are "incompatible" that does not mean that the code can not be licensed using both licenses. The GPL license may well be there so that folks using the GPL can include it in their projects, while the MIT license is there to let others, not using the GPL, use it in there projects.
If that is the case, that the code is dual licensed, then you would simply choose to use the MIT license for the code you wish to include in your project, instead of the GPL license.
If the two licenses are mentioned because "some are GPL and some are MIT" (this was not clear with a 10 second look at the Sourceforge page), then you would have to know which applies to which module.
Either way, a simple note to the author should easily clarify the status of the code you specifically wish to use. | From what I can tell, the software is dual-licensed as either MIT or GPL. That means you can choose whichever license is more suitable to your situation.
While you can use an MIT licensed library in proprietary software, I'd say it would be courteous, if nothing else, to let the author know what you're planning to do. |
2,550,260 | I want to use some open source code that is licenced under the following "GNU General Public License (GPL), MIT License". I want to include this code in a product that i will sell.
[Here is the code in particular](http://mda.smartelectronix.com/)
What do i have to do to not get sued? :)
I dont mind distributing the source code that i have modified, but i dont want the whole application open source.
If i build the open source code into a library and open source the library can i link to it and not open the rest of my source?
EDIT: In the project it has the following
"The mda VST plug-ins are released under the MIT license or under the GPL
"either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version"." | 2010/03/31 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2550260",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/-1/"
] | It all depends on \_how\_you\_link\_ with GPL covered code. If a library that you want to use is covered by the GPL (not LGPL) and you link against it, your application must be distributed under the terms of the GPL. The license considers your application and the library working together as a *combined* work.
If you are just distributing independently linked GPL programs along with a proprietary program and they all work together (but never link together), you are fine. The one exception is the intermediary output of gcc, however that's only interesting if you are writing a gcc plug-in.
If you are not ready to distribute any part of your code that links against the GPL code under the same license, you can't use the GPL code. Please note, selling has nothing to do with it, all the GPL cares about is distributing, gratis or for a fee, doesn't matter.
You can't enforce more restrictions than the GPL dictates on a program that uses GPL code. Likewise, you can't enforce fewer restrictions for the same reason.
For instance, if I write a command line program and I want to give it line editing capabilities and a history, I might link against (and use) libreadline, which is GPL. However, if I *distribute* my new program with a dependency on readline(), I must license the program under the GPL. This is why libedit / libeditline was created under the 3 clause BSD license with a fully compatible API.
Any C program will link against glibc, it must. Because glibc is LGPL, I am *not* required to inherit the license in my own code.
The library you referenced allows you to choose what license you want, I usually don't use dual licensed libraries unless I can confirm a sole owner of the copyright. If you can confirm that, just use the library under the terms of the MIT license. | The MIT license might be compatible with your goals, but the GPL isn't. You would still have to open your source code under the GPL.
It looks like the package you referenced allows you to choose the license you want. |
2,550,260 | I want to use some open source code that is licenced under the following "GNU General Public License (GPL), MIT License". I want to include this code in a product that i will sell.
[Here is the code in particular](http://mda.smartelectronix.com/)
What do i have to do to not get sued? :)
I dont mind distributing the source code that i have modified, but i dont want the whole application open source.
If i build the open source code into a library and open source the library can i link to it and not open the rest of my source?
EDIT: In the project it has the following
"The mda VST plug-ins are released under the MIT license or under the GPL
"either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version"." | 2010/03/31 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2550260",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/-1/"
] | From what I can tell, the software is dual-licensed as either MIT or GPL. That means you can choose whichever license is more suitable to your situation.
While you can use an MIT licensed library in proprietary software, I'd say it would be courteous, if nothing else, to let the author know what you're planning to do. | The MIT license might be compatible with your goals, but the GPL isn't. You would still have to open your source code under the GPL.
It looks like the package you referenced allows you to choose the license you want. |
2,550,260 | I want to use some open source code that is licenced under the following "GNU General Public License (GPL), MIT License". I want to include this code in a product that i will sell.
[Here is the code in particular](http://mda.smartelectronix.com/)
What do i have to do to not get sued? :)
I dont mind distributing the source code that i have modified, but i dont want the whole application open source.
If i build the open source code into a library and open source the library can i link to it and not open the rest of my source?
EDIT: In the project it has the following
"The mda VST plug-ins are released under the MIT license or under the GPL
"either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version"." | 2010/03/31 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2550260",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/-1/"
] | You will have to look specifically at the individual bits of code to know how each is licensed. While the GPL and MIT license are "incompatible" that does not mean that the code can not be licensed using both licenses. The GPL license may well be there so that folks using the GPL can include it in their projects, while the MIT license is there to let others, not using the GPL, use it in there projects.
If that is the case, that the code is dual licensed, then you would simply choose to use the MIT license for the code you wish to include in your project, instead of the GPL license.
If the two licenses are mentioned because "some are GPL and some are MIT" (this was not clear with a 10 second look at the Sourceforge page), then you would have to know which applies to which module.
Either way, a simple note to the author should easily clarify the status of the code you specifically wish to use. | It all depends on \_how\_you\_link\_ with GPL covered code. If a library that you want to use is covered by the GPL (not LGPL) and you link against it, your application must be distributed under the terms of the GPL. The license considers your application and the library working together as a *combined* work.
If you are just distributing independently linked GPL programs along with a proprietary program and they all work together (but never link together), you are fine. The one exception is the intermediary output of gcc, however that's only interesting if you are writing a gcc plug-in.
If you are not ready to distribute any part of your code that links against the GPL code under the same license, you can't use the GPL code. Please note, selling has nothing to do with it, all the GPL cares about is distributing, gratis or for a fee, doesn't matter.
You can't enforce more restrictions than the GPL dictates on a program that uses GPL code. Likewise, you can't enforce fewer restrictions for the same reason.
For instance, if I write a command line program and I want to give it line editing capabilities and a history, I might link against (and use) libreadline, which is GPL. However, if I *distribute* my new program with a dependency on readline(), I must license the program under the GPL. This is why libedit / libeditline was created under the 3 clause BSD license with a fully compatible API.
Any C program will link against glibc, it must. Because glibc is LGPL, I am *not* required to inherit the license in my own code.
The library you referenced allows you to choose what license you want, I usually don't use dual licensed libraries unless I can confirm a sole owner of the copyright. If you can confirm that, just use the library under the terms of the MIT license. |
2,550,260 | I want to use some open source code that is licenced under the following "GNU General Public License (GPL), MIT License". I want to include this code in a product that i will sell.
[Here is the code in particular](http://mda.smartelectronix.com/)
What do i have to do to not get sued? :)
I dont mind distributing the source code that i have modified, but i dont want the whole application open source.
If i build the open source code into a library and open source the library can i link to it and not open the rest of my source?
EDIT: In the project it has the following
"The mda VST plug-ins are released under the MIT license or under the GPL
"either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version"." | 2010/03/31 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2550260",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/-1/"
] | You will have to look specifically at the individual bits of code to know how each is licensed. While the GPL and MIT license are "incompatible" that does not mean that the code can not be licensed using both licenses. The GPL license may well be there so that folks using the GPL can include it in their projects, while the MIT license is there to let others, not using the GPL, use it in there projects.
If that is the case, that the code is dual licensed, then you would simply choose to use the MIT license for the code you wish to include in your project, instead of the GPL license.
If the two licenses are mentioned because "some are GPL and some are MIT" (this was not clear with a 10 second look at the Sourceforge page), then you would have to know which applies to which module.
Either way, a simple note to the author should easily clarify the status of the code you specifically wish to use. | The MIT license might be compatible with your goals, but the GPL isn't. You would still have to open your source code under the GPL.
It looks like the package you referenced allows you to choose the license you want. |
2,550,260 | I want to use some open source code that is licenced under the following "GNU General Public License (GPL), MIT License". I want to include this code in a product that i will sell.
[Here is the code in particular](http://mda.smartelectronix.com/)
What do i have to do to not get sued? :)
I dont mind distributing the source code that i have modified, but i dont want the whole application open source.
If i build the open source code into a library and open source the library can i link to it and not open the rest of my source?
EDIT: In the project it has the following
"The mda VST plug-ins are released under the MIT license or under the GPL
"either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version"." | 2010/03/31 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2550260",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/-1/"
] | You will have to look specifically at the individual bits of code to know how each is licensed. While the GPL and MIT license are "incompatible" that does not mean that the code can not be licensed using both licenses. The GPL license may well be there so that folks using the GPL can include it in their projects, while the MIT license is there to let others, not using the GPL, use it in there projects.
If that is the case, that the code is dual licensed, then you would simply choose to use the MIT license for the code you wish to include in your project, instead of the GPL license.
If the two licenses are mentioned because "some are GPL and some are MIT" (this was not clear with a 10 second look at the Sourceforge page), then you would have to know which applies to which module.
Either way, a simple note to the author should easily clarify the status of the code you specifically wish to use. | It depends whether the software is offering you a choice of licenses, or whether it includes code under two different licenses. If the former then you can use it under the terms of MIT, of the later you will need to remove the GPL'ed parts first.
It doesn't matter what the MIT license promises if the other license is not optional then you must comply with the limitations of both. |
2,550,260 | I want to use some open source code that is licenced under the following "GNU General Public License (GPL), MIT License". I want to include this code in a product that i will sell.
[Here is the code in particular](http://mda.smartelectronix.com/)
What do i have to do to not get sued? :)
I dont mind distributing the source code that i have modified, but i dont want the whole application open source.
If i build the open source code into a library and open source the library can i link to it and not open the rest of my source?
EDIT: In the project it has the following
"The mda VST plug-ins are released under the MIT license or under the GPL
"either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version"." | 2010/03/31 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2550260",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/-1/"
] | It all depends on \_how\_you\_link\_ with GPL covered code. If a library that you want to use is covered by the GPL (not LGPL) and you link against it, your application must be distributed under the terms of the GPL. The license considers your application and the library working together as a *combined* work.
If you are just distributing independently linked GPL programs along with a proprietary program and they all work together (but never link together), you are fine. The one exception is the intermediary output of gcc, however that's only interesting if you are writing a gcc plug-in.
If you are not ready to distribute any part of your code that links against the GPL code under the same license, you can't use the GPL code. Please note, selling has nothing to do with it, all the GPL cares about is distributing, gratis or for a fee, doesn't matter.
You can't enforce more restrictions than the GPL dictates on a program that uses GPL code. Likewise, you can't enforce fewer restrictions for the same reason.
For instance, if I write a command line program and I want to give it line editing capabilities and a history, I might link against (and use) libreadline, which is GPL. However, if I *distribute* my new program with a dependency on readline(), I must license the program under the GPL. This is why libedit / libeditline was created under the 3 clause BSD license with a fully compatible API.
Any C program will link against glibc, it must. Because glibc is LGPL, I am *not* required to inherit the license in my own code.
The library you referenced allows you to choose what license you want, I usually don't use dual licensed libraries unless I can confirm a sole owner of the copyright. If you can confirm that, just use the library under the terms of the MIT license. | You only have to distribute the source code to the clients you sell the application to. See here [Practical ways around the GPL?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2534205/practical-ways-around-the-gpl-closed). Also, MIT and GPL are different licenses, with MIT being less restrictive. |
2,550,260 | I want to use some open source code that is licenced under the following "GNU General Public License (GPL), MIT License". I want to include this code in a product that i will sell.
[Here is the code in particular](http://mda.smartelectronix.com/)
What do i have to do to not get sued? :)
I dont mind distributing the source code that i have modified, but i dont want the whole application open source.
If i build the open source code into a library and open source the library can i link to it and not open the rest of my source?
EDIT: In the project it has the following
"The mda VST plug-ins are released under the MIT license or under the GPL
"either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version"." | 2010/03/31 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2550260",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/-1/"
] | You will have to look specifically at the individual bits of code to know how each is licensed. While the GPL and MIT license are "incompatible" that does not mean that the code can not be licensed using both licenses. The GPL license may well be there so that folks using the GPL can include it in their projects, while the MIT license is there to let others, not using the GPL, use it in there projects.
If that is the case, that the code is dual licensed, then you would simply choose to use the MIT license for the code you wish to include in your project, instead of the GPL license.
If the two licenses are mentioned because "some are GPL and some are MIT" (this was not clear with a 10 second look at the Sourceforge page), then you would have to know which applies to which module.
Either way, a simple note to the author should easily clarify the status of the code you specifically wish to use. | You only have to distribute the source code to the clients you sell the application to. See here [Practical ways around the GPL?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2534205/practical-ways-around-the-gpl-closed). Also, MIT and GPL are different licenses, with MIT being less restrictive. |
2,550,260 | I want to use some open source code that is licenced under the following "GNU General Public License (GPL), MIT License". I want to include this code in a product that i will sell.
[Here is the code in particular](http://mda.smartelectronix.com/)
What do i have to do to not get sued? :)
I dont mind distributing the source code that i have modified, but i dont want the whole application open source.
If i build the open source code into a library and open source the library can i link to it and not open the rest of my source?
EDIT: In the project it has the following
"The mda VST plug-ins are released under the MIT license or under the GPL
"either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version"." | 2010/03/31 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2550260",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/-1/"
] | It all depends on \_how\_you\_link\_ with GPL covered code. If a library that you want to use is covered by the GPL (not LGPL) and you link against it, your application must be distributed under the terms of the GPL. The license considers your application and the library working together as a *combined* work.
If you are just distributing independently linked GPL programs along with a proprietary program and they all work together (but never link together), you are fine. The one exception is the intermediary output of gcc, however that's only interesting if you are writing a gcc plug-in.
If you are not ready to distribute any part of your code that links against the GPL code under the same license, you can't use the GPL code. Please note, selling has nothing to do with it, all the GPL cares about is distributing, gratis or for a fee, doesn't matter.
You can't enforce more restrictions than the GPL dictates on a program that uses GPL code. Likewise, you can't enforce fewer restrictions for the same reason.
For instance, if I write a command line program and I want to give it line editing capabilities and a history, I might link against (and use) libreadline, which is GPL. However, if I *distribute* my new program with a dependency on readline(), I must license the program under the GPL. This is why libedit / libeditline was created under the 3 clause BSD license with a fully compatible API.
Any C program will link against glibc, it must. Because glibc is LGPL, I am *not* required to inherit the license in my own code.
The library you referenced allows you to choose what license you want, I usually don't use dual licensed libraries unless I can confirm a sole owner of the copyright. If you can confirm that, just use the library under the terms of the MIT license. | It depends whether the software is offering you a choice of licenses, or whether it includes code under two different licenses. If the former then you can use it under the terms of MIT, of the later you will need to remove the GPL'ed parts first.
It doesn't matter what the MIT license promises if the other license is not optional then you must comply with the limitations of both. |
2,550,260 | I want to use some open source code that is licenced under the following "GNU General Public License (GPL), MIT License". I want to include this code in a product that i will sell.
[Here is the code in particular](http://mda.smartelectronix.com/)
What do i have to do to not get sued? :)
I dont mind distributing the source code that i have modified, but i dont want the whole application open source.
If i build the open source code into a library and open source the library can i link to it and not open the rest of my source?
EDIT: In the project it has the following
"The mda VST plug-ins are released under the MIT license or under the GPL
"either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version"." | 2010/03/31 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2550260",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/-1/"
] | From what I can tell, the software is dual-licensed as either MIT or GPL. That means you can choose whichever license is more suitable to your situation.
While you can use an MIT licensed library in proprietary software, I'd say it would be courteous, if nothing else, to let the author know what you're planning to do. | You only have to distribute the source code to the clients you sell the application to. See here [Practical ways around the GPL?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2534205/practical-ways-around-the-gpl-closed). Also, MIT and GPL are different licenses, with MIT being less restrictive. |
25,328,427 | To clarify, I am a newbie programmer and have a very basic question. If processors only understand machine language, then the higher level languages need to be "translated" or "interpreted" before being presented to the processor. My question is what language is the data that is sent over the internet in? Is it sent in machine language or high level language?
I'm trying to understand how computers talk to each other and how data is transmitted between them at the bit/byte level.
Thanks in advance. | 2014/08/15 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/25328427",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/3944854/"
] | **TL;DR**
*The short answer is: 1s and 0s*
**HOWEVER**
It's a MUCH more complicated answer, and honestly, if you're wanting the answer to that, something has prompted you to ask, and you really need to know the dealio. :) So...
**Flashback to Telecommunications Class**
Data is transmitted in machine code. It's 1s and 0s. However, there is a common structure, which will be translated using a high-level language. That depends on the NIC card on the machine accepting the bytestream, the OS the machine is using, and the Server accepting the data. There are many different levels from which the request is handled.
The network information stack is made up of many different pieces, which is described by the OSI model, and which varies based on many different things. Let me give you a quick run down. Refer to <http://vlsm-calc.net/models.php> as I explain.
1. **Physical** - This is the data transmission in 1s and 0s, or rather "ON" and "OFF" messages, which gets transmitted over the wire. The very physical, direct electronic currents being transferred are described by the Physical layer.
2. **DataLink** - This is the layer in which your physical signals are first parsed. You can think of this as your NIC in your machine. The NIC will take those raw messages, and determine whether the message is for you (YOUR local NIC card receiving data intended for your computer), or whether to forward it (the packet is tagged as needing to be transferred to a local machine in your LAN).
3. **Network** - Okay, so this is the first point at which real packeting is exposed. Here, structure is given to content, segregation is parsed into packages, etc. This is where IP (from TCP/IP) comes from. Generally, the protocol used determines whether not your messages are hard connections or a connectionless request, etc.
4. **Transport** *(TCP/UDP)* - This is where the real meat of your request gets constructed/parsed. This determines whether your packages are reliable, among many other things.
... More Layers.
I'm not going to go into great detail, because it's a very complicated topic. Most times, you would take a telecommunications class in college which would help you learn the whole telecommunications stack. But, in short the data is sent over the wire, in 1s and 0s, and would be embedded with bitwise data such as check digits, package numbers, etc. It is then up to your machine how it handles that. The NIC will take the request, and then it will broadcast that parsed stream to a socket on your machine (say, com port 5035[that's not right, just an example]). If there is some application set up to listen to that port (say, you have Fiddler running on your machine, and reading all of the data the NIC is pulling in). You can then parse that stream using any language you want, assuming you have an appropriate driver application set up to handle the connection to that port.
I'm sorry, I was treading a hard line between giving you lots of information, while still trying to make it easy to understand. IF you're really interested in understanding how data is transmitted, I would HIGHLY recommend you buy some books/take a course, and really spend the time to understand. You'll learn some very valuable interactions with network hardware/OS/Browser implementations. :) I would also refer to [How to understand network protocols?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5352397/how-to-understand-network-protocols).
The explanation given there is VERY thorough. :) | @Marc B's comment should have been an answer, actually.
I think you're confusing two terms here : executable code and data. When you talk about machine executing something, that involves code, a program or machine language as you mentioned.
When you talk about two end points (computers, smartphones) communicating with each other over internet, it's about data and protocol.
So to answer you question - the data over internet is transferred in bits (usually packed in packets) and because the two end points have a consensus over the protocol, they understand what the data contains (which can be anything, really) and then consume it accordingly.
**Recommended reading:** [Internetworking with TCP/IP Volume One by Douglas Comer](http://www.pearsoned.co.uk/bookshop/detail.asp?item=100000000539185) |
100,791 | As part of my guitar practice routine, I work on a rotating schedule of practicing Melodic Patterns. And when I'm studying music theory and analyzing a particular song, part of that analysis includes noticing any repeating patterns we usually refer to as motifs. My Question is, for all intents and purposes are these patterns the same thing just going by two different names? | 2020/06/12 | [
"https://music.stackexchange.com/questions/100791",
"https://music.stackexchange.com",
"https://music.stackexchange.com/users/44636/"
] | The small notehead with the eighth-note tail and slashed stem is a type of grace note named an *acciaccatura*, a crushed note, one you squeeze in just before the following note, which still occurs on the beat.
In the second highlighted bar, on the second beat you play C and E quarter notes, and also play the eighth notes B then A. The notation with sticks up/sticks down is for clarity. If the eighth notes also has sticks up it would look worse and be harder to read. Like lots of notation, there are visual clues. You need to look at more than just the noteheads. | Welcome :-)
1. A [grace note](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace_note).
2. Not sure what's going on there, so I leave that one for others who may provide a much better answer. Looks like an additional voice, as indicated by the notes being drawn "upside down" compared to the other notes. |
100,791 | As part of my guitar practice routine, I work on a rotating schedule of practicing Melodic Patterns. And when I'm studying music theory and analyzing a particular song, part of that analysis includes noticing any repeating patterns we usually refer to as motifs. My Question is, for all intents and purposes are these patterns the same thing just going by two different names? | 2020/06/12 | [
"https://music.stackexchange.com/questions/100791",
"https://music.stackexchange.com",
"https://music.stackexchange.com/users/44636/"
] | Acciaccatura has been covered. It has no real length value of its own - hence it's written using a small dot. It doesn't count towards the (already) 4 beats in that bar.
The quavers are written as a separate *voice*, with their stems going in a different direction to show that. Imagine one instrument playing the up stems, and another the downstems. It would have been possible to write that bar with all upstems, but it would be played subtly differently. Doing that would mean the 3 notes would all stop as the A note is played. The composer didn't want that - he wanted the C and E to continue while the A was played. Only way to write that simply is how it is. | Welcome :-)
1. A [grace note](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace_note).
2. Not sure what's going on there, so I leave that one for others who may provide a much better answer. Looks like an additional voice, as indicated by the notes being drawn "upside down" compared to the other notes. |
100,791 | As part of my guitar practice routine, I work on a rotating schedule of practicing Melodic Patterns. And when I'm studying music theory and analyzing a particular song, part of that analysis includes noticing any repeating patterns we usually refer to as motifs. My Question is, for all intents and purposes are these patterns the same thing just going by two different names? | 2020/06/12 | [
"https://music.stackexchange.com/questions/100791",
"https://music.stackexchange.com",
"https://music.stackexchange.com/users/44636/"
] | The small notehead with the eighth-note tail and slashed stem is a type of grace note named an *acciaccatura*, a crushed note, one you squeeze in just before the following note, which still occurs on the beat.
In the second highlighted bar, on the second beat you play C and E quarter notes, and also play the eighth notes B then A. The notation with sticks up/sticks down is for clarity. If the eighth notes also has sticks up it would look worse and be harder to read. Like lots of notation, there are visual clues. You need to look at more than just the noteheads. | Acciaccatura has been covered. It has no real length value of its own - hence it's written using a small dot. It doesn't count towards the (already) 4 beats in that bar.
The quavers are written as a separate *voice*, with their stems going in a different direction to show that. Imagine one instrument playing the up stems, and another the downstems. It would have been possible to write that bar with all upstems, but it would be played subtly differently. Doing that would mean the 3 notes would all stop as the A note is played. The composer didn't want that - he wanted the C and E to continue while the A was played. Only way to write that simply is how it is. |
120,132 | I am trying to practice Smell like a teen spirit on drums and there is something I don’t understand with dotted notes.
Here is the sheet:[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/XvWGI.jpg)
I don’t understand the use of dotted notes in this sheet. If there were no dots I would have played this measure the same way, that is to say crash and kick on the 1 and kick on the d. For me the dotted notes don’t bring any additional information on how I am supposed to play the song. Is there something I don’t understand ?
Thank you. | 2021/12/16 | [
"https://music.stackexchange.com/questions/120132",
"https://music.stackexchange.com",
"https://music.stackexchange.com/users/82856/"
] | Just checking, do you understand [what dots do to rhythm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dotted_note)? As Tom mentions, if you took away the dots you would have made the first note a quaver (or 8th note), and you'd have to make the kick note one as well, so you'd be playing it at a different time (halfway through the beat instead of 3/4 of the way through the beat).
If all of this is news to you, then we'll start at the beginning: a dot makes a note longer by adding half of whatever it already was. If a quarter note is a beat, then a dotted quarter is 1.5 beats. An 8th note is half of a beat, so a dotted 8th is 3/4 of a beat. To figure out how to play it, start imagining 16th notes inside all of the beats; you can try counting "One ee and a Two ee and a" (or many other types of patterns). Using that pattern, the kick note would fall on the "a" that represents the last of the four 16th notes that subdivide the first beat. | I appreciate that a lot of drum sounds cannot be made to sound longer than the fraction of a second they're hit, but there's more to music - particularly written down - .
Written music follows technical rules, one of which is that there must be the requisite number of notes in each bar.
Those dotted quavers can't make the actual sound any longer, but they need to be written as such, otherwise the semi-quavers that follow could be played too early or too soon. Without the dots, they're too short as notes. |
120,132 | I am trying to practice Smell like a teen spirit on drums and there is something I don’t understand with dotted notes.
Here is the sheet:[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/XvWGI.jpg)
I don’t understand the use of dotted notes in this sheet. If there were no dots I would have played this measure the same way, that is to say crash and kick on the 1 and kick on the d. For me the dotted notes don’t bring any additional information on how I am supposed to play the song. Is there something I don’t understand ?
Thank you. | 2021/12/16 | [
"https://music.stackexchange.com/questions/120132",
"https://music.stackexchange.com",
"https://music.stackexchange.com/users/82856/"
] | This drum part is written as a single voice, only one rhythm which incorporates different drums and cymbals being played at different times, sometimes only one, sometimes two simultaneously. Regardless of the vertical position of the notes or how many notes are played the overall rhythm in the bar has to add up to 4 beats in any combination of quarters, eighths, sixteenths, etc. Because there is a 16th at the end of the 1st beat the cymbal must be a dotted eighth since they are rhythmically linked.
This is one way of writing drum parts. Another way is to use two voices, one for drums and one for cymbals. You do this by using stems up and down. Here is an example of the same exact rhythm written with 2 voices:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/K1pbO.jpg)
(Disclaimer: I wrote this on my iPad with my index finger)
As you can see, with two voices the cymbal and hat are just playing quarters (stems up)and the back and forth rhythm between the bass and snare (stems down) is notated separately. One important note especially if writing by hand, everything MUST line up vertically. Some say (myself included) this is a better way to write drum parts because it is more accurate and separates the top and bottom of the kit (i.e. in version one you don’t REALLY play a dotted 16th on the cymbal, it just rings through). It takes a little more time and effort to write 2 voices so many people have adopted the one voice method of writing drum parts like in your example. Ask other drummers you know who are good readers about their preferences. Also check drum method books and see how they are written, one or two voice. | Just checking, do you understand [what dots do to rhythm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dotted_note)? As Tom mentions, if you took away the dots you would have made the first note a quaver (or 8th note), and you'd have to make the kick note one as well, so you'd be playing it at a different time (halfway through the beat instead of 3/4 of the way through the beat).
If all of this is news to you, then we'll start at the beginning: a dot makes a note longer by adding half of whatever it already was. If a quarter note is a beat, then a dotted quarter is 1.5 beats. An 8th note is half of a beat, so a dotted 8th is 3/4 of a beat. To figure out how to play it, start imagining 16th notes inside all of the beats; you can try counting "One ee and a Two ee and a" (or many other types of patterns). Using that pattern, the kick note would fall on the "a" that represents the last of the four 16th notes that subdivide the first beat. |
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