qid int64 1 74.7M | question stringlengths 12 33.8k | date stringlengths 10 10 | metadata list | response_j stringlengths 0 115k | response_k stringlengths 2 98.3k |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1,405,120 | But default you have to issue an HTTP POST to any web method in an asp.net 2.0 web service. How do u call a web method with HTTP GET alone. In some cases I'd also want to pass arguments to an HTTP GET method. Is this possible in the context of web services? | 2009/09/10 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1405120",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/145682/"
] | You can take a look at
<http://commandline.codeplex.com/>
and
[GetPot command line parser](http://getpot.sourceforge.net/) | If you are talking about .NET then see the answers to [this](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/631410/looking-for-a-command-line-argument-parser-for-net/1401547#1401547) question. |
1,405,120 | But default you have to issue an HTTP POST to any web method in an asp.net 2.0 web service. How do u call a web method with HTTP GET alone. In some cases I'd also want to pass arguments to an HTTP GET method. Is this possible in the context of web services? | 2009/09/10 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1405120",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/145682/"
] | You can take a look at
<http://commandline.codeplex.com/>
and
[GetPot command line parser](http://getpot.sourceforge.net/) | Google's commandline-parsing library for C++ and python: <http://code.google.com/p/google-gflags/> |
1,405,120 | But default you have to issue an HTTP POST to any web method in an asp.net 2.0 web service. How do u call a web method with HTTP GET alone. In some cases I'd also want to pass arguments to an HTTP GET method. Is this possible in the context of web services? | 2009/09/10 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1405120",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/145682/"
] | You can take a look at
<http://commandline.codeplex.com/>
and
[GetPot command line parser](http://getpot.sourceforge.net/) | The [BizArk library](http://bizark.codeplex.com/) contains a command-line parser.
Basically you just create a class that inherits from CmdLineObject, add properties that you want populated from the command-line, add a CmdLineArgAttribute to the properties, then call Initialize in your program. It supports ClickOnce URL arguments too!
Features (from the site)...
* Automatic initialization: Class properties are automatically set based on the command-line arguments.
* Default properties: Send in a value without specifying the property name.
* Value conversion: Uses the powerful ConvertEx class also included in BizArk to convert values to the proper type.
* Boolean flags. Flags can be specified by simply using the argument (ex, /b for true and /b- for false) or by adding the value true/false, yes/no, etc.
* Argument arrays. Simply add multiple values after the command-line name to set a property that is defined as an array. Ex, /x 1 2 3 will populate x with the array { 1, 2, 3 } (assuming x is defined as an array of integers).
* Command-line aliases: A property can support multiple command-line aliases for it. For example, Help uses the alias ?.
* Partial name recognition. You don’t need to spell out the full name or alias, just spell enough for the parser to disambiguate the property/alias from the others.
* Supports ClickOnce: Can initialize properties even when they are specified as the query string in a URL for ClickOnce deployed applications. The command-line initialization method will detect if it is running as ClickOnce or not so your code doesn’t need to change when using it.
* Automatically creates /? help: This includes nice formatting that takes into account the width of the console.
* Load/Save command-line arguments to a file: This is especially useful if you have multiple large, complex sets of command-line arguments that you want to run multiple times. |
1,405,120 | But default you have to issue an HTTP POST to any web method in an asp.net 2.0 web service. How do u call a web method with HTTP GET alone. In some cases I'd also want to pass arguments to an HTTP GET method. Is this possible in the context of web services? | 2009/09/10 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1405120",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/145682/"
] | If you are talking about .NET then see the answers to [this](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/631410/looking-for-a-command-line-argument-parser-for-net/1401547#1401547) question. | Google's commandline-parsing library for C++ and python: <http://code.google.com/p/google-gflags/> |
1,405,120 | But default you have to issue an HTTP POST to any web method in an asp.net 2.0 web service. How do u call a web method with HTTP GET alone. In some cases I'd also want to pass arguments to an HTTP GET method. Is this possible in the context of web services? | 2009/09/10 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1405120",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/145682/"
] | If you are talking about .NET then see the answers to [this](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/631410/looking-for-a-command-line-argument-parser-for-net/1401547#1401547) question. | The [BizArk library](http://bizark.codeplex.com/) contains a command-line parser.
Basically you just create a class that inherits from CmdLineObject, add properties that you want populated from the command-line, add a CmdLineArgAttribute to the properties, then call Initialize in your program. It supports ClickOnce URL arguments too!
Features (from the site)...
* Automatic initialization: Class properties are automatically set based on the command-line arguments.
* Default properties: Send in a value without specifying the property name.
* Value conversion: Uses the powerful ConvertEx class also included in BizArk to convert values to the proper type.
* Boolean flags. Flags can be specified by simply using the argument (ex, /b for true and /b- for false) or by adding the value true/false, yes/no, etc.
* Argument arrays. Simply add multiple values after the command-line name to set a property that is defined as an array. Ex, /x 1 2 3 will populate x with the array { 1, 2, 3 } (assuming x is defined as an array of integers).
* Command-line aliases: A property can support multiple command-line aliases for it. For example, Help uses the alias ?.
* Partial name recognition. You don’t need to spell out the full name or alias, just spell enough for the parser to disambiguate the property/alias from the others.
* Supports ClickOnce: Can initialize properties even when they are specified as the query string in a URL for ClickOnce deployed applications. The command-line initialization method will detect if it is running as ClickOnce or not so your code doesn’t need to change when using it.
* Automatically creates /? help: This includes nice formatting that takes into account the width of the console.
* Load/Save command-line arguments to a file: This is especially useful if you have multiple large, complex sets of command-line arguments that you want to run multiple times. |
1,405,120 | But default you have to issue an HTTP POST to any web method in an asp.net 2.0 web service. How do u call a web method with HTTP GET alone. In some cases I'd also want to pass arguments to an HTTP GET method. Is this possible in the context of web services? | 2009/09/10 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1405120",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/145682/"
] | The [BizArk library](http://bizark.codeplex.com/) contains a command-line parser.
Basically you just create a class that inherits from CmdLineObject, add properties that you want populated from the command-line, add a CmdLineArgAttribute to the properties, then call Initialize in your program. It supports ClickOnce URL arguments too!
Features (from the site)...
* Automatic initialization: Class properties are automatically set based on the command-line arguments.
* Default properties: Send in a value without specifying the property name.
* Value conversion: Uses the powerful ConvertEx class also included in BizArk to convert values to the proper type.
* Boolean flags. Flags can be specified by simply using the argument (ex, /b for true and /b- for false) or by adding the value true/false, yes/no, etc.
* Argument arrays. Simply add multiple values after the command-line name to set a property that is defined as an array. Ex, /x 1 2 3 will populate x with the array { 1, 2, 3 } (assuming x is defined as an array of integers).
* Command-line aliases: A property can support multiple command-line aliases for it. For example, Help uses the alias ?.
* Partial name recognition. You don’t need to spell out the full name or alias, just spell enough for the parser to disambiguate the property/alias from the others.
* Supports ClickOnce: Can initialize properties even when they are specified as the query string in a URL for ClickOnce deployed applications. The command-line initialization method will detect if it is running as ClickOnce or not so your code doesn’t need to change when using it.
* Automatically creates /? help: This includes nice formatting that takes into account the width of the console.
* Load/Save command-line arguments to a file: This is especially useful if you have multiple large, complex sets of command-line arguments that you want to run multiple times. | Google's commandline-parsing library for C++ and python: <http://code.google.com/p/google-gflags/> |
84,230 | I'm trying to submit a chapter of my thesis to a journal. We used nested ANOVAs where we nested the group comparisons within year to account for potential bias due to different observers between the two years. There were stark contrasts between year although that is not of interest. My adviser says to leave all significant findings regarding year, out of the paper, because it's not relevant to our overall "story". I agree that it is not relevant, but I wanted to see what the consensus was on this. I know often that analyses that are run are left out of papers, but part of the results of a simple ANOVA model? Do I owe it to the readers to be clear about evidence of observer bias or can I just leave it out because it isn't important to the message of the paper. | 2014/02/03 | [
"https://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/84230",
"https://stats.stackexchange.com",
"https://stats.stackexchange.com/users/26997/"
] | I would like to see the entire model included somewhere in the paper, probably in the methods section or in a supplement/appendix. If it the model is huge, a table is a nice way to present this. You could even organize the table to distinguish between "interesting" variables (e.g., drug dose) and boring covariates that are likely to be trivially true (e.g., rater). I saw this done recently and thought it was very convenient, but I'm having a hard time tracking the paper down.
However, once you've "disclosed" your model, there's no need to give equal time to each of its components when discussing the results. You could ignore the covariates completely, or you could start the results section with something like
>
> After controlling for observer bias (see complete model in Appendix 1), we found that....
>
>
>
If the bias is particularly surprising or you have done something to control it (e.g., provide raters with a standardized rubric), then it might be worth a slightly longer mention. | If the bulk of your paper is taken up with discussion of the ANOVA results it would seem odd to omit to mention controlling for observer bias; & odd to *want* to, as your having taken it into account forestalls potential criticism for not having done so. If you're giving effect estimates and standard errors you need to specify the model they're embedded in if you want anyone else to be able to use them. If, on the other hand, you merely mention in passing some conclusions drawn from the ANOVA, it doesn't seem necessary to go into too much detail about it. |
36,579 | I have a 2005 Chrysler Sebring and when I go down the street the temperature gauge starts going up. It doesn't ever go past the half way mark on the temperature gauge but my coolant is still bubbling and then it leaks when I turn the car off.
What could it be? I've just replaced my thermostat a couple months ago and it was fine for little bit now it's starting to mess up again. | 2016/09/20 | [
"https://mechanics.stackexchange.com/questions/36579",
"https://mechanics.stackexchange.com",
"https://mechanics.stackexchange.com/users/22560/"
] | I agree with dlu. I would check the radiator cap next if the thermostat is known to be good and the car doesn't show that it's overheating on the gauge.
Here's a picture of the functionality associated with the radiator cap.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/rMD0C.gif)
The cooling system builds up a lot of pressure as it reaches operating temperature, so the radiator cap is designed to relieve this pressure. When a certain pressure is reached, the spring on the cap is compressed and the valve is opened on the radiator cap. This allows for the extra pressure and any coolant that gets forced out with the pressure to move into the coolant reservoir/overflow tank.
If the seal on your radiator cap is bad, the pressure in the system has to go somewhere so it follows the path of least resistance (past the bad seal). This would allow the compressed and hot coolant to overflow out of the normally sealed system. | The next thing to do is to test it replace the pressure cap. It is usually either on the radiator or in the overflow tank. The cap holds pressure on the system so that it boils at a higher temperature. |
36,005,328 | It would be nice if I know the various ways to load data into Azure SQL Data Warehouse.
I could connect to Azure SQL DW using JDBC from my Ubuntu machine.
1. Is there any direct way to load from Azure Blob storage into Azure SQL DW without using Azure Data Factory ?
2. Ways to load data from Ubuntu to Azure SQL DW.
3. Java API to talk to Azure.
4. Directly loading data from HDInsights to SQL DW.
Thanks | 2016/03/15 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/36005328",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/4017129/"
] | The best and fastest way to load data to Azure SQL DW is to use Polybase to load delimited flat files sitting in Azure Blob Storage. See Polybase described [here](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/documentation/articles/sql-data-warehouse-overview-load/).
For loading from HDInsight I suppose you could use [SQOOP](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/documentation/articles/hdinsight-use-sqoop/) (though I haven't tried that to load Azure SQL DW) but the best approach is to have HDInsight write to a flat file (for example by inserting to an external table in Hadoop) and then using Polybase in Azure SQL DW to read the files.
Sorry I can't help with your other questions about Java and Ubuntu. | this hint is a bit crazy but it will work. take a local sql server vm and configure Azure SQL DB Transactional Replication. -> <https://channel9.msdn.com/Shows/Data-Exposed/Azure-SQL-DB-Transactional-Replication>
Going this way will fill up your azure sql db. you have to connect ubuntu(JDBC) to insert all content to sql server. This will replicate your data to azure sql db. And azure sql db can be easily migrated to azure sql dw with two steps ;-)
<https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/documentation/articles/sql-data-warehouse-get-started-provision/>
your advantage, you connect with low latency to your local sql server and just wait until Transactional Replication is done. ;-)
regards
patrick |
2,898,752 | This is absolutely ridiculous! Visual Studio is able to run (debug) my program just fine, but it won't display my layout in the designer. It just gives this useless error:
[alt text http://img6.imageshack.us/img6/8661/vserrorscreenshot.png](http://img6.imageshack.us/img6/8661/vserrorscreenshot.png)
Can anyone help explain this? I have not changed the XAML at all, not a single character, since the last time it worked fine. I've only changed some .cs code. | 2010/05/24 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2898752",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/343381/"
] | because VS is cripple in terms of Xaml editing. Just turn off that designer, <http://www.thejoyofcode.com/Using_the_Source_Code_Editor_for_XAML_in_Visual_Studio.aspx> | Have you tried doing a `rebuild`? In the past I have noticed that this happens if the compiled code is out of date. |
2,898,752 | This is absolutely ridiculous! Visual Studio is able to run (debug) my program just fine, but it won't display my layout in the designer. It just gives this useless error:
[alt text http://img6.imageshack.us/img6/8661/vserrorscreenshot.png](http://img6.imageshack.us/img6/8661/vserrorscreenshot.png)
Can anyone help explain this? I have not changed the XAML at all, not a single character, since the last time it worked fine. I've only changed some .cs code. | 2010/05/24 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2898752",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/343381/"
] | because VS is cripple in terms of Xaml editing. Just turn off that designer, <http://www.thejoyofcode.com/Using_the_Source_Code_Editor_for_XAML_in_Visual_Studio.aspx> | See this: [XAML Designer failing to render - UserInitiatedNavigationPermissio](http://www.dotnetmonster.com/Uwe/Forum.aspx/vs-net-ide/5548/XAML-Designer-failing-to-render-UserInitiatedNavigationPermissio)
Basically, that looks like bug that is fixed in Visual Studio 2008 SP1. If you already have SP1, then run repair installation of VS2008 (go to Add/Remove and then select Repair option)
Also see this StackOverflow questions:
* [wpf custom control not recognized](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1498341/wpf-custom-control-not-recognized)
* [WPF Designer exception while trying to edit UI in Visual studio 2008](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/494782/wpf-designer-exception-while-trying-to-edit-ui-in-visual-studio-2008) |
2,898,752 | This is absolutely ridiculous! Visual Studio is able to run (debug) my program just fine, but it won't display my layout in the designer. It just gives this useless error:
[alt text http://img6.imageshack.us/img6/8661/vserrorscreenshot.png](http://img6.imageshack.us/img6/8661/vserrorscreenshot.png)
Can anyone help explain this? I have not changed the XAML at all, not a single character, since the last time it worked fine. I've only changed some .cs code. | 2010/05/24 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2898752",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/343381/"
] | because VS is cripple in terms of Xaml editing. Just turn off that designer, <http://www.thejoyofcode.com/Using_the_Source_Code_Editor_for_XAML_in_Visual_Studio.aspx> | This sometimes happens when the application must use some data that is gathered at runtime to render properly. I've had this problem when my controls are bound to data in a web service. |
2,898,752 | This is absolutely ridiculous! Visual Studio is able to run (debug) my program just fine, but it won't display my layout in the designer. It just gives this useless error:
[alt text http://img6.imageshack.us/img6/8661/vserrorscreenshot.png](http://img6.imageshack.us/img6/8661/vserrorscreenshot.png)
Can anyone help explain this? I have not changed the XAML at all, not a single character, since the last time it worked fine. I've only changed some .cs code. | 2010/05/24 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2898752",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/343381/"
] | because VS is cripple in terms of Xaml editing. Just turn off that designer, <http://www.thejoyofcode.com/Using_the_Source_Code_Editor_for_XAML_in_Visual_Studio.aspx> | Have you tried Expression Blend? It has a better design view, you can edit the cs code (though the Intellisense is limited) and you can run the debugger.
While it's not a full replacement (it's not meant to be) it does mean you don't have to continually swap between Blend and Visual Studio if you're just modifying the UI. |
224,477 | In my work with electrical iron, I have done a lot of research to try to understand how to determine the quality of it. Is there a simple way to test for the saturation point? Some of the methods I read about involved very expensive BH curve tracers, and with some of them you were supposed to use a specific size and shape of a metal sample. I was hoping to take a stator or rotor and test the iron quality without destroying it. | 2016/03/24 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/224477",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/104626/"
] | The STM8 takes 9 clock cycles to go to the ISR. And takes 9 clock cycles to return.
Reference: [STM8 programming manual](http://www.st.com/resource/en/programming_manual/cd00161709.pdf) (Doc No. PM0044) pg. 14. | I got 5us on a STM8S103.
Interrupt come from GPIO input and measured a pulse at beginning of Interrupt routine. |
27,888 | This is a question about personal observation of designer aesthetics and taste.
As someone who is hired to design sounds for all types of moving pictures, animations, graphics and scenes, I find myself very often being honest with myself and asking "does this thing I'm looking at need a sound at all?"
As sound designers, we inherently love to throw down complex stylized cool sounds, future glitchy sound effects, detailed micro timed edits and automation matching perfectly to a visual occurrence and often times bringing it to life in a way impossible without the detailed sound work. But, as I grow in my profession, more frequently I will make the call to not put some sound effect on something, or not sound design a piece and just let the music and voice tell the story.
So, my question in the broadest since is:
Do you ever find yourself in this position?
Have you ever told a client "I don't think it needs sound design" even though you've been offered the job to design it?
Have you ever spent time on a complex design piece only to step back, be objective and realize the piece is better without much of the sonic design? | 2014/03/14 | [
"https://sound.stackexchange.com/questions/27888",
"https://sound.stackexchange.com",
"https://sound.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | my .02
Adding sync sounds gives a sense a reality and often a sense of weight and grit to any given scene. If reality, weight, and grit are what's required artistically then the tendancy would be to make a sound for the object on screen. The vast majority of the time, this is probably the case.
Abstaining from placing sync sounds creates a sense of detachement and surrealism, and can leave open a lot of space for audience interpretation if the visuals are still gritty and dramatic. Abstaining from placing sync sound usually requires there to be a score there to help out. It also requires a ballsy mixer and director.
What this means is that super big emotional events are often better handled with score than with sfx.
We did an episode of [tonebenders with Coll Anderson](http://www.tonebenders.net/tonebenders-episode-twelve-coll-anderson/) (about 30 mnutes in) where he talked about the film Martha Marcy May Marlene - in the conversation we discussed the rape scene there where you both see and hear her screaming while its happening. The interesting thing is that Coll had initially not included the sound of her voice in the scene, but when audiences screened it they became far too disturbed by the combination of the dramatic visuals with the lack of sound coming from her mouth. So much so that they were still distracted by the image in the following scenes and got lost. In the end, they added the sound of her screaming back in to help ground the audience back down into reality somewhat. The addition of sound in that spot actually *reduced* the emotional content (by design).
I see moving pictures without sound similarly to how I see photography: still vivid and real, but at the same time one step detached from reality and more open to interpretation. | Coming from the game audio side of things I've done this all the time. You'll often get approached with an asset list of what the designer thinks needs sounds in the game. Lots of times they have asked for every possible thing to make a sound. Even on "paid by the sound" contracts I've done lots of editing of those lists down to what's actual needed. |
27,888 | This is a question about personal observation of designer aesthetics and taste.
As someone who is hired to design sounds for all types of moving pictures, animations, graphics and scenes, I find myself very often being honest with myself and asking "does this thing I'm looking at need a sound at all?"
As sound designers, we inherently love to throw down complex stylized cool sounds, future glitchy sound effects, detailed micro timed edits and automation matching perfectly to a visual occurrence and often times bringing it to life in a way impossible without the detailed sound work. But, as I grow in my profession, more frequently I will make the call to not put some sound effect on something, or not sound design a piece and just let the music and voice tell the story.
So, my question in the broadest since is:
Do you ever find yourself in this position?
Have you ever told a client "I don't think it needs sound design" even though you've been offered the job to design it?
Have you ever spent time on a complex design piece only to step back, be objective and realize the piece is better without much of the sonic design? | 2014/03/14 | [
"https://sound.stackexchange.com/questions/27888",
"https://sound.stackexchange.com",
"https://sound.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | A fantastic question and very thought provoking discussion happening here!
Personally, I'm a huge believer in less is more. Whether it be through only adding limited sfx when editing or subtly controlling what is and isn't heard during the mix, I find that the less the audience has to focus on the more controlled their focus is and more immersed in the production they become.
Of course, as with everything we do, there are always exceptions!
It really is a huge temptation to always create complex multi-layered soundscapes, and sometimes that is exactly what a scene needs, but the art is in knowing exactly when this should be employed and when a minimalist approach will be serve the project best.
And one should never be afraid to let the music do the work!
A short opinion from a developing sound professional :) | Never break the silence unless you can improve upon it.
I use this as a tenet of design as well as general conversation. |
27,888 | This is a question about personal observation of designer aesthetics and taste.
As someone who is hired to design sounds for all types of moving pictures, animations, graphics and scenes, I find myself very often being honest with myself and asking "does this thing I'm looking at need a sound at all?"
As sound designers, we inherently love to throw down complex stylized cool sounds, future glitchy sound effects, detailed micro timed edits and automation matching perfectly to a visual occurrence and often times bringing it to life in a way impossible without the detailed sound work. But, as I grow in my profession, more frequently I will make the call to not put some sound effect on something, or not sound design a piece and just let the music and voice tell the story.
So, my question in the broadest since is:
Do you ever find yourself in this position?
Have you ever told a client "I don't think it needs sound design" even though you've been offered the job to design it?
Have you ever spent time on a complex design piece only to step back, be objective and realize the piece is better without much of the sonic design? | 2014/03/14 | [
"https://sound.stackexchange.com/questions/27888",
"https://sound.stackexchange.com",
"https://sound.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | Great question. Sound design IS inherently subjective, to deny such questions is to misunderstand the role sound design plays.
With regards to sound design, what you describe **occurs in every film mix** and I personally consider it my greatest work when either I, or we (director, re-recording mixers) can find a clear motive and purpose to have no sound at all. If I had to make a list of the best work and/or moments in films that I have ever contributed to, more than a few of them would be where there is no sound. What is interesting is the fact that it requires more justification and/or motivation than if there was sound.
I wonder if the reason it is so powerful & rare is due to both investing ego in your work as Roger mentioned, or losing objectivity about the overall effect of the soundtrack? But also possibly through not having an appreciation or experience with such things conceptually. Seeing the power of less in film sound design is certainly what set me off into researching minimalism in all of its forms a very long time ago... Clever use of minimalism impresses me far, far more than 'complex stylized cool sounds, future glitchy sound effects' ever will.
As an example: In House of Cards there was a beautiful moment, mute of sound, when the journo discovers his girlfriend is dead. Its a wideshot INT office, he walks into his office, shuts the door, violently throws down a folder & slumps into his chair. So emotionally powerful not because of the music cue, but because of the metaphorical use of no sound. It isn't that the scene didn't 'need' sound - its that it is more emotionally powerful without it. | Coming from the game audio side of things I've done this all the time. You'll often get approached with an asset list of what the designer thinks needs sounds in the game. Lots of times they have asked for every possible thing to make a sound. Even on "paid by the sound" contracts I've done lots of editing of those lists down to what's actual needed. |
27,888 | This is a question about personal observation of designer aesthetics and taste.
As someone who is hired to design sounds for all types of moving pictures, animations, graphics and scenes, I find myself very often being honest with myself and asking "does this thing I'm looking at need a sound at all?"
As sound designers, we inherently love to throw down complex stylized cool sounds, future glitchy sound effects, detailed micro timed edits and automation matching perfectly to a visual occurrence and often times bringing it to life in a way impossible without the detailed sound work. But, as I grow in my profession, more frequently I will make the call to not put some sound effect on something, or not sound design a piece and just let the music and voice tell the story.
So, my question in the broadest since is:
Do you ever find yourself in this position?
Have you ever told a client "I don't think it needs sound design" even though you've been offered the job to design it?
Have you ever spent time on a complex design piece only to step back, be objective and realize the piece is better without much of the sonic design? | 2014/03/14 | [
"https://sound.stackexchange.com/questions/27888",
"https://sound.stackexchange.com",
"https://sound.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | Great question. Sound design IS inherently subjective, to deny such questions is to misunderstand the role sound design plays.
With regards to sound design, what you describe **occurs in every film mix** and I personally consider it my greatest work when either I, or we (director, re-recording mixers) can find a clear motive and purpose to have no sound at all. If I had to make a list of the best work and/or moments in films that I have ever contributed to, more than a few of them would be where there is no sound. What is interesting is the fact that it requires more justification and/or motivation than if there was sound.
I wonder if the reason it is so powerful & rare is due to both investing ego in your work as Roger mentioned, or losing objectivity about the overall effect of the soundtrack? But also possibly through not having an appreciation or experience with such things conceptually. Seeing the power of less in film sound design is certainly what set me off into researching minimalism in all of its forms a very long time ago... Clever use of minimalism impresses me far, far more than 'complex stylized cool sounds, future glitchy sound effects' ever will.
As an example: In House of Cards there was a beautiful moment, mute of sound, when the journo discovers his girlfriend is dead. Its a wideshot INT office, he walks into his office, shuts the door, violently throws down a folder & slumps into his chair. So emotionally powerful not because of the music cue, but because of the metaphorical use of no sound. It isn't that the scene didn't 'need' sound - its that it is more emotionally powerful without it. | In game audio editing a scene can be as much about removing sounds as it's adding them. Imaginary example - in an earlier scene there was huge torch that was central part of the positioned ambience and it's existence was emphasized with a strong sound. Later you run into a scene with 20 similar torches and there is a huge doomsday machine on the background. It's all just noise and you have to make a decision between "realism", consistency, delivering information to player and what sounds artistically good. Sometimes in smaller game companies there isn't anyone making this decision. There are just sounds sound designer has done based on limited information (image of torch) and programmer who has added sounds and result is noise...
Similar situations happen almost daily and often overdoing things feels good, but could lead to worse results. Especially hard in game audio since you can't often be sure of anything and you are lucky if you know the potential worst case scenarios of how sounds could interact.
I haven't really had client related experiences since I work as inhouse audio guy at game company and have pretty free hands. |
27,888 | This is a question about personal observation of designer aesthetics and taste.
As someone who is hired to design sounds for all types of moving pictures, animations, graphics and scenes, I find myself very often being honest with myself and asking "does this thing I'm looking at need a sound at all?"
As sound designers, we inherently love to throw down complex stylized cool sounds, future glitchy sound effects, detailed micro timed edits and automation matching perfectly to a visual occurrence and often times bringing it to life in a way impossible without the detailed sound work. But, as I grow in my profession, more frequently I will make the call to not put some sound effect on something, or not sound design a piece and just let the music and voice tell the story.
So, my question in the broadest since is:
Do you ever find yourself in this position?
Have you ever told a client "I don't think it needs sound design" even though you've been offered the job to design it?
Have you ever spent time on a complex design piece only to step back, be objective and realize the piece is better without much of the sonic design? | 2014/03/14 | [
"https://sound.stackexchange.com/questions/27888",
"https://sound.stackexchange.com",
"https://sound.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | Great question. Sound design IS inherently subjective, to deny such questions is to misunderstand the role sound design plays.
With regards to sound design, what you describe **occurs in every film mix** and I personally consider it my greatest work when either I, or we (director, re-recording mixers) can find a clear motive and purpose to have no sound at all. If I had to make a list of the best work and/or moments in films that I have ever contributed to, more than a few of them would be where there is no sound. What is interesting is the fact that it requires more justification and/or motivation than if there was sound.
I wonder if the reason it is so powerful & rare is due to both investing ego in your work as Roger mentioned, or losing objectivity about the overall effect of the soundtrack? But also possibly through not having an appreciation or experience with such things conceptually. Seeing the power of less in film sound design is certainly what set me off into researching minimalism in all of its forms a very long time ago... Clever use of minimalism impresses me far, far more than 'complex stylized cool sounds, future glitchy sound effects' ever will.
As an example: In House of Cards there was a beautiful moment, mute of sound, when the journo discovers his girlfriend is dead. Its a wideshot INT office, he walks into his office, shuts the door, violently throws down a folder & slumps into his chair. So emotionally powerful not because of the music cue, but because of the metaphorical use of no sound. It isn't that the scene didn't 'need' sound - its that it is more emotionally powerful without it. | Never break the silence unless you can improve upon it.
I use this as a tenet of design as well as general conversation. |
27,888 | This is a question about personal observation of designer aesthetics and taste.
As someone who is hired to design sounds for all types of moving pictures, animations, graphics and scenes, I find myself very often being honest with myself and asking "does this thing I'm looking at need a sound at all?"
As sound designers, we inherently love to throw down complex stylized cool sounds, future glitchy sound effects, detailed micro timed edits and automation matching perfectly to a visual occurrence and often times bringing it to life in a way impossible without the detailed sound work. But, as I grow in my profession, more frequently I will make the call to not put some sound effect on something, or not sound design a piece and just let the music and voice tell the story.
So, my question in the broadest since is:
Do you ever find yourself in this position?
Have you ever told a client "I don't think it needs sound design" even though you've been offered the job to design it?
Have you ever spent time on a complex design piece only to step back, be objective and realize the piece is better without much of the sonic design? | 2014/03/14 | [
"https://sound.stackexchange.com/questions/27888",
"https://sound.stackexchange.com",
"https://sound.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | In game audio editing a scene can be as much about removing sounds as it's adding them. Imaginary example - in an earlier scene there was huge torch that was central part of the positioned ambience and it's existence was emphasized with a strong sound. Later you run into a scene with 20 similar torches and there is a huge doomsday machine on the background. It's all just noise and you have to make a decision between "realism", consistency, delivering information to player and what sounds artistically good. Sometimes in smaller game companies there isn't anyone making this decision. There are just sounds sound designer has done based on limited information (image of torch) and programmer who has added sounds and result is noise...
Similar situations happen almost daily and often overdoing things feels good, but could lead to worse results. Especially hard in game audio since you can't often be sure of anything and you are lucky if you know the potential worst case scenarios of how sounds could interact.
I haven't really had client related experiences since I work as inhouse audio guy at game company and have pretty free hands. | Fantastic answers and great discussion! I suppose I have a slightly different view - I design for live theatre rather than film or games, so there's a certain extent to which I can get away with more abstract design decisions - I'm often working outside of a 'realistic' mode. But to explain my thinking:
Silence is broadly interesting from a philosophical perspective because if we are open to it, turned towards it as listeners, we are actually open to an absence rather than a presence - in listening to silence we are actually straining not to hear and proceeding with our judgements in that capacity. (yeah, I'm also doing a PhD in sound!)
From a design perspective, though, silence is precisely *not* silence - it is not an absence of sound or an absence of meaning: silence is part of the sonic palette, a mechanism by which a meaning is given to the audience. Silence on stage or in film is rich with meaning precisely because silence in the world is not (this is *despite* the causal significance of a silent situation, such as an absence of birdcalls because of a hunter's gunshot, and so forth), therefore a decision can be made to use silence because of its potential to *mean* something. |
27,888 | This is a question about personal observation of designer aesthetics and taste.
As someone who is hired to design sounds for all types of moving pictures, animations, graphics and scenes, I find myself very often being honest with myself and asking "does this thing I'm looking at need a sound at all?"
As sound designers, we inherently love to throw down complex stylized cool sounds, future glitchy sound effects, detailed micro timed edits and automation matching perfectly to a visual occurrence and often times bringing it to life in a way impossible without the detailed sound work. But, as I grow in my profession, more frequently I will make the call to not put some sound effect on something, or not sound design a piece and just let the music and voice tell the story.
So, my question in the broadest since is:
Do you ever find yourself in this position?
Have you ever told a client "I don't think it needs sound design" even though you've been offered the job to design it?
Have you ever spent time on a complex design piece only to step back, be objective and realize the piece is better without much of the sonic design? | 2014/03/14 | [
"https://sound.stackexchange.com/questions/27888",
"https://sound.stackexchange.com",
"https://sound.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | In professional music production there is a rule: Never more than 3 sounds at a time, more a human cant process properly! And I apply it to sound design for movie as well! I always try to have something happening -> atmo, room tone, foley or music which is like the beat that holds a song together (but in avery unconscious way). Then I pick one "hook" guideline which is the "melody/vocals" of a song. At a movie this is Dialogue, Fx and music that tells the story. The third element is sweetening stuff like additional fx or foley. For those I take a pen and paper when I watch the movie or advertisement for the first time with muted audio. Then I concentrate and write down everything that feels like it needs some sound. Like a car passing by etc. Its important to try to not concentrate on the mouth of the people that talk. I try to concentrate on stuff that really have a big movement or that catch my eyes. Because the problem with having no sound on something is, when someone is moving their eyes on that element and they do not hear a sound. This is why it is very useful to have a good atom to give them some type of audible feedback. For special stuff like a car moving or water splashing etc it is good to have an additional sound.
Everything else needs no specific sound! :D
Good Day! | Fantastic answers and great discussion! I suppose I have a slightly different view - I design for live theatre rather than film or games, so there's a certain extent to which I can get away with more abstract design decisions - I'm often working outside of a 'realistic' mode. But to explain my thinking:
Silence is broadly interesting from a philosophical perspective because if we are open to it, turned towards it as listeners, we are actually open to an absence rather than a presence - in listening to silence we are actually straining not to hear and proceeding with our judgements in that capacity. (yeah, I'm also doing a PhD in sound!)
From a design perspective, though, silence is precisely *not* silence - it is not an absence of sound or an absence of meaning: silence is part of the sonic palette, a mechanism by which a meaning is given to the audience. Silence on stage or in film is rich with meaning precisely because silence in the world is not (this is *despite* the causal significance of a silent situation, such as an absence of birdcalls because of a hunter's gunshot, and so forth), therefore a decision can be made to use silence because of its potential to *mean* something. |
27,888 | This is a question about personal observation of designer aesthetics and taste.
As someone who is hired to design sounds for all types of moving pictures, animations, graphics and scenes, I find myself very often being honest with myself and asking "does this thing I'm looking at need a sound at all?"
As sound designers, we inherently love to throw down complex stylized cool sounds, future glitchy sound effects, detailed micro timed edits and automation matching perfectly to a visual occurrence and often times bringing it to life in a way impossible without the detailed sound work. But, as I grow in my profession, more frequently I will make the call to not put some sound effect on something, or not sound design a piece and just let the music and voice tell the story.
So, my question in the broadest since is:
Do you ever find yourself in this position?
Have you ever told a client "I don't think it needs sound design" even though you've been offered the job to design it?
Have you ever spent time on a complex design piece only to step back, be objective and realize the piece is better without much of the sonic design? | 2014/03/14 | [
"https://sound.stackexchange.com/questions/27888",
"https://sound.stackexchange.com",
"https://sound.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | In game audio editing a scene can be as much about removing sounds as it's adding them. Imaginary example - in an earlier scene there was huge torch that was central part of the positioned ambience and it's existence was emphasized with a strong sound. Later you run into a scene with 20 similar torches and there is a huge doomsday machine on the background. It's all just noise and you have to make a decision between "realism", consistency, delivering information to player and what sounds artistically good. Sometimes in smaller game companies there isn't anyone making this decision. There are just sounds sound designer has done based on limited information (image of torch) and programmer who has added sounds and result is noise...
Similar situations happen almost daily and often overdoing things feels good, but could lead to worse results. Especially hard in game audio since you can't often be sure of anything and you are lucky if you know the potential worst case scenarios of how sounds could interact.
I haven't really had client related experiences since I work as inhouse audio guy at game company and have pretty free hands. | Never break the silence unless you can improve upon it.
I use this as a tenet of design as well as general conversation. |
27,888 | This is a question about personal observation of designer aesthetics and taste.
As someone who is hired to design sounds for all types of moving pictures, animations, graphics and scenes, I find myself very often being honest with myself and asking "does this thing I'm looking at need a sound at all?"
As sound designers, we inherently love to throw down complex stylized cool sounds, future glitchy sound effects, detailed micro timed edits and automation matching perfectly to a visual occurrence and often times bringing it to life in a way impossible without the detailed sound work. But, as I grow in my profession, more frequently I will make the call to not put some sound effect on something, or not sound design a piece and just let the music and voice tell the story.
So, my question in the broadest since is:
Do you ever find yourself in this position?
Have you ever told a client "I don't think it needs sound design" even though you've been offered the job to design it?
Have you ever spent time on a complex design piece only to step back, be objective and realize the piece is better without much of the sonic design? | 2014/03/14 | [
"https://sound.stackexchange.com/questions/27888",
"https://sound.stackexchange.com",
"https://sound.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | Great question. Sound design IS inherently subjective, to deny such questions is to misunderstand the role sound design plays.
With regards to sound design, what you describe **occurs in every film mix** and I personally consider it my greatest work when either I, or we (director, re-recording mixers) can find a clear motive and purpose to have no sound at all. If I had to make a list of the best work and/or moments in films that I have ever contributed to, more than a few of them would be where there is no sound. What is interesting is the fact that it requires more justification and/or motivation than if there was sound.
I wonder if the reason it is so powerful & rare is due to both investing ego in your work as Roger mentioned, or losing objectivity about the overall effect of the soundtrack? But also possibly through not having an appreciation or experience with such things conceptually. Seeing the power of less in film sound design is certainly what set me off into researching minimalism in all of its forms a very long time ago... Clever use of minimalism impresses me far, far more than 'complex stylized cool sounds, future glitchy sound effects' ever will.
As an example: In House of Cards there was a beautiful moment, mute of sound, when the journo discovers his girlfriend is dead. Its a wideshot INT office, he walks into his office, shuts the door, violently throws down a folder & slumps into his chair. So emotionally powerful not because of the music cue, but because of the metaphorical use of no sound. It isn't that the scene didn't 'need' sound - its that it is more emotionally powerful without it. | my .02
Adding sync sounds gives a sense a reality and often a sense of weight and grit to any given scene. If reality, weight, and grit are what's required artistically then the tendancy would be to make a sound for the object on screen. The vast majority of the time, this is probably the case.
Abstaining from placing sync sounds creates a sense of detachement and surrealism, and can leave open a lot of space for audience interpretation if the visuals are still gritty and dramatic. Abstaining from placing sync sound usually requires there to be a score there to help out. It also requires a ballsy mixer and director.
What this means is that super big emotional events are often better handled with score than with sfx.
We did an episode of [tonebenders with Coll Anderson](http://www.tonebenders.net/tonebenders-episode-twelve-coll-anderson/) (about 30 mnutes in) where he talked about the film Martha Marcy May Marlene - in the conversation we discussed the rape scene there where you both see and hear her screaming while its happening. The interesting thing is that Coll had initially not included the sound of her voice in the scene, but when audiences screened it they became far too disturbed by the combination of the dramatic visuals with the lack of sound coming from her mouth. So much so that they were still distracted by the image in the following scenes and got lost. In the end, they added the sound of her screaming back in to help ground the audience back down into reality somewhat. The addition of sound in that spot actually *reduced* the emotional content (by design).
I see moving pictures without sound similarly to how I see photography: still vivid and real, but at the same time one step detached from reality and more open to interpretation. |
27,888 | This is a question about personal observation of designer aesthetics and taste.
As someone who is hired to design sounds for all types of moving pictures, animations, graphics and scenes, I find myself very often being honest with myself and asking "does this thing I'm looking at need a sound at all?"
As sound designers, we inherently love to throw down complex stylized cool sounds, future glitchy sound effects, detailed micro timed edits and automation matching perfectly to a visual occurrence and often times bringing it to life in a way impossible without the detailed sound work. But, as I grow in my profession, more frequently I will make the call to not put some sound effect on something, or not sound design a piece and just let the music and voice tell the story.
So, my question in the broadest since is:
Do you ever find yourself in this position?
Have you ever told a client "I don't think it needs sound design" even though you've been offered the job to design it?
Have you ever spent time on a complex design piece only to step back, be objective and realize the piece is better without much of the sonic design? | 2014/03/14 | [
"https://sound.stackexchange.com/questions/27888",
"https://sound.stackexchange.com",
"https://sound.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | I've held this view many times in the past. I think that the contrarian in me wants to go against the tendency to design sound for every little thing. Sometimes, when i argue this point, directors/clients will push for me to add something anyway. Whether i ditch it in the mix, or play it very subtly, i think it's usually a good thing to add more. What matters is how you mix it. I say "*usually* a good thing" because time constraints can restrict the freedom to do this.
Sometimes there will be projects where the style seems to go against the use of sound design. In these cases, it's a matter of a conversation with the director as to their intentions. I'd rather pass up a job than ruin something that works better without FX, but the director has a vision and it's my job to latch onto that vision and help it materialise.
And it hurts to drop something in the mix if you've spent a lot of time building it. I don't think it gets easier, but it's definitely an exercise in letting go of our ego. I've fought directors over many things and lost, yet they often turn out very well. This is why i never refuse to try something if it's asked for.
(Btw, i'd hate to see this forum without subjective questions!) | Never break the silence unless you can improve upon it.
I use this as a tenet of design as well as general conversation. |
23,973 | I have a vague idea how believing in a flat earth may work. (Not enough to write it down)
But it still irritates me that an appreciable fraction of the general population in the US deny that climate change is caused mainly by human influences. Even more so as it seems to be a fraction large enough to be politically relevant.
I see that this question has a strong political connotation, which is opinion based. But that is not part of the question.
It is somehow culture-related, as it's different in Europe, at least in Germany.
I would expect it is a fringe group like people assuming a flat earth.
There is a related, but different kind of group. People denying that the Holocaust happened. This has a strong political association to extreme right groups.
Is assuming flat earth and denying climate change the same kind of phenomenon? | 2019/09/01 | [
"https://cogsci.stackexchange.com/questions/23973",
"https://cogsci.stackexchange.com",
"https://cogsci.stackexchange.com/users/4799/"
] | There is serious work on this, despite it being a political minefield. You're probably looking for [Lewandowsky, et al. (2015)](https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797614568432).
If you want to get some distance from the issues of the day (and associated name calling) and into the mechanisms that drive this sort of phenomenon in general you might get more joy out of something like [Cook & Lewandowsky (2016)](https://doi.org/10.1111/tops.12186).
That will bring you into stuff like [Hahn, et al. (2018)](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-018-01936-6). That's not directly political at all, but I think the relevance to your question is pretty strong. This is one of those fields that is exploding thanks to ever-better desktop computing, there's a ton of stuff that hasn't been tried yet! Hope you have some fun with it.
References
----------
Cook, J., & Lewandowsky, S. (2016). Rational irrationality: Modeling climate change belief polarization using Bayesian networks. *Topics in cognitive science, 8*(1), 160-179. doi: [10.1111/tops.12186](https://doi.org/10.1111/tops.12186)
Hahn, U., Hansen, J. U., & Olsson, E. J. (2018). Truth tracking performance of social networks: how connectivity and clustering can make groups less competent. *Synthese*, 1-31. doi: [10.1007/s11229-018-01936-6](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-018-01936-6)
Lewandowsky, S., Gignac, G. E., & Oberauer, K. (2015). The robust relationship between conspiracism and denial of (climate) science. *Psychological Science, 26*(5), 667-670. doi: [10.1177/0956797614568432](https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797614568432) | My best guess is that this kind of thinking is most similar to conspiracy theories, which can be created by a combination of confirmation bias, emotionally salient narrative, and overactivity in meaning and interpretation over facts and in critical thinking. Delving deeper into how conspiracy theories and paranoia work could provide some insight into the neurological mechanisms involved.
When we have a strong emotionally salient narrative in our minds, our brains are excellent at cherry picking exactly the right set of events and interpretations (of which there are infinitely many) to support our narrative while omitting or ignoring contrary data - to the point where even the most outrageous narrative can seem 'obvious'. The more intensely we cling to the narrative or idea, the more we will do this. So conspiratorial thinking is in a way a special case of extreme confirmation bias.
Conspiracies are usually in the form of a positive narrative. But extreme skepticism is a form of conspiracy theory. The reasoning: implied in this thinking is that Global Warming (or the Holocaust, or whatever is denied) is a conspiracy. Is some elaborate fabrication by some people with an ulterior motive.
Overactivity in centers of meaning and interpretation as opposed to facts seem critical to paranoid and conspiratorial thinking. Conspiracy theories and paranoia usually involve weaving a very strong and emotionally salient narrative subscribing negative intentions to powerful actors. Then reinterpreting facts and events with these negative intentions and the grand narrative in mind. Ex: global warming is part of a grand scheme for [person or group] to [establish world domination / make large sums of money / ruin our economy / etc] by [keeping us all in fear / making us invest in certain technologies / etc].
I see a very strong correlation between far right political orientation and conspiratorial thinking. However I also see some conspiratorial thinking on the far left. |
17,880 | In cricket, if a spinner bowls a full toss that hits the batsman on the pads without pitching on the ground & in this case a DRS (Decision Review System) is requested by either party, how does the ball tracking work?
Assume that, the ball hits the bottom of the pads so that it would have definitely hit the ground & spun a little before going beyond(or through) the stumps. How does the DRS's ball tracking technology decide how much spin to add to the ball "tracking" portion of the review.
It is easy in case of a fast bowler, the ball will hold its line, so it can be tracked accurately. But what other factors are considered in the algorithm in case of a spinner, especially when its a full toss.
Note that I am not concerned if the batsman is out or not, so this question is not a duplicate of [LBW to a spinner's full toss](https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/10631/lbw-to-a-spinners-full-toss) | 2018/02/23 | [
"https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/17880",
"https://sports.stackexchange.com",
"https://sports.stackexchange.com/users/1630/"
] | Hawkeye doesn't care what type of delivery a bowler normally gives, as any bowler can give a huge amount of variation on the delivery. It only tracks actual movement.
In the case that the ball hits the batsman on the full, it will assume a continued line but will not extrapolate any bounce path and will not provide information on the height of the ball at the wickets.
This is specified in the Playing Conditions, for example in Appendix D *Decision Review System (DRS) and Third Umpire Protocol*, part 3.4 *Review of LBW Decisions*:
>
> When the ball strikes the batsman on the full, and the evidence provided by the ball-tracking technology indicates that the ball would have pitched before striking or passing the wicket, there will be no information available from that delivery that will allow the ball-tracking technology to accurately predict the height of the ball after pitching.
>
>
> With regard to determining whether the ball would have hit the wicket under these circumstances, the ball-tracking technology shall project the line of the ball in accordance with clause 36.2.3 (it is to be assumed that the path of the ball before interception would have continued after interception, irrespective of whether the ball might have pitched subsequently or not), and display the simulated path of the ball from directly above the wicket.
>
>
>
The following paragraph then specifies that the umpire will be shown the line of the ball (i.e. whether it was going towards or besides the wicket only) and that any judgement of height is left to the bowler's end umpire. | As per the answer to the LBW to spinners full toss the ball is assumed to have carried on upon its trajectory without change. So no spin is to be included. This is shown in [law 36.1.5 and 36.2.3 LBW](https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket/leg-before-wicket)
As Ball tracking relies on the ball continuing to do what it was doing then the predicted path would be as per the law what the ball would have continued to do. So it would be fine to use for line.
There is an argument for saying that the bounce of the ball could not be predicted where the path of the ball show it pitching before the stumps. |
1,176,797 | Can we update a jar / war file in a deployed server and then reload the new jar / war file ?
if so how simple we can achieve this, and please if possible list web servers which support this feature. | 2009/07/24 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1176797",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/144392/"
] | Both [Tomcat](http://tomcat.apache.org/) and [Jetty](http://jetty.mortbay.com) will support a hot deploy. They simply monitor the deploy directory for changes, so you can just copy the `.war` file into that directory, and the server will undeploy/redeploy. | JBoss. Just drop in the files in the correct location. |
1,176,797 | Can we update a jar / war file in a deployed server and then reload the new jar / war file ?
if so how simple we can achieve this, and please if possible list web servers which support this feature. | 2009/07/24 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1176797",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/144392/"
] | Yes.
All major Java EE Servlet containers support this. All that I've worked with anyway, which includes Glassfish, Tomcat, WebSphere, WebLogic and JRun.
I haven't used the other Oracle container, but I would think it does too.
That said, none of them support it all that reliably (they'll detect most changes, but there are certain types of class changes that will always require a restart), unless you're using [JavaRebel](http://www.zeroturnaround.com/javarebel/) underneath. | JBoss. Just drop in the files in the correct location. |
1,176,797 | Can we update a jar / war file in a deployed server and then reload the new jar / war file ?
if so how simple we can achieve this, and please if possible list web servers which support this feature. | 2009/07/24 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1176797",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/144392/"
] | Just by copying the 'war' file in the Server domain folder will automatically deploy it. I have done it with glassfishv3.1
The path for windows is C:\Program Files\glassfish-3.1\glassfish\domains\domain1\autodeploy
Once pasted another file gets created automatically [if the server is on] in the same directory
For the editing purposes the 'war' file can be opened with programs like WinRar or WinZip
Just open the files that you want to change and save it when the winrar asks for it. | JBoss. Just drop in the files in the correct location. |
1,176,797 | Can we update a jar / war file in a deployed server and then reload the new jar / war file ?
if so how simple we can achieve this, and please if possible list web servers which support this feature. | 2009/07/24 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1176797",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/144392/"
] | Yes.
All major Java EE Servlet containers support this. All that I've worked with anyway, which includes Glassfish, Tomcat, WebSphere, WebLogic and JRun.
I haven't used the other Oracle container, but I would think it does too.
That said, none of them support it all that reliably (they'll detect most changes, but there are certain types of class changes that will always require a restart), unless you're using [JavaRebel](http://www.zeroturnaround.com/javarebel/) underneath. | Both [Tomcat](http://tomcat.apache.org/) and [Jetty](http://jetty.mortbay.com) will support a hot deploy. They simply monitor the deploy directory for changes, so you can just copy the `.war` file into that directory, and the server will undeploy/redeploy. |
1,176,797 | Can we update a jar / war file in a deployed server and then reload the new jar / war file ?
if so how simple we can achieve this, and please if possible list web servers which support this feature. | 2009/07/24 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1176797",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/144392/"
] | Just by copying the 'war' file in the Server domain folder will automatically deploy it. I have done it with glassfishv3.1
The path for windows is C:\Program Files\glassfish-3.1\glassfish\domains\domain1\autodeploy
Once pasted another file gets created automatically [if the server is on] in the same directory
For the editing purposes the 'war' file can be opened with programs like WinRar or WinZip
Just open the files that you want to change and save it when the winrar asks for it. | Both [Tomcat](http://tomcat.apache.org/) and [Jetty](http://jetty.mortbay.com) will support a hot deploy. They simply monitor the deploy directory for changes, so you can just copy the `.war` file into that directory, and the server will undeploy/redeploy. |
1,176,797 | Can we update a jar / war file in a deployed server and then reload the new jar / war file ?
if so how simple we can achieve this, and please if possible list web servers which support this feature. | 2009/07/24 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1176797",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/144392/"
] | Yes.
All major Java EE Servlet containers support this. All that I've worked with anyway, which includes Glassfish, Tomcat, WebSphere, WebLogic and JRun.
I haven't used the other Oracle container, but I would think it does too.
That said, none of them support it all that reliably (they'll detect most changes, but there are certain types of class changes that will always require a restart), unless you're using [JavaRebel](http://www.zeroturnaround.com/javarebel/) underneath. | Just by copying the 'war' file in the Server domain folder will automatically deploy it. I have done it with glassfishv3.1
The path for windows is C:\Program Files\glassfish-3.1\glassfish\domains\domain1\autodeploy
Once pasted another file gets created automatically [if the server is on] in the same directory
For the editing purposes the 'war' file can be opened with programs like WinRar or WinZip
Just open the files that you want to change and save it when the winrar asks for it. |
60,663 | I like to listen to podcasts while driving - but I can't use the iPhone's touch interface to play/pause podcasts because it requires looking at the iPhone long enough to cause an accident.
I'm looking for a physical pause/play button I can operate by touch and I've found this product on eBay [Cable Remote Music Control for Apple iPod Nano 6 Touch 3 Classic iPhone 4S 4 3GS](http://www.ebay.com/itm/Cable-Remote-Music-Control-for-Apple-iPod-Nano-6-Touch-3-Classic-iPhone-4S-4-3GS-/190589731872?pt=Other_MP3_Player_Accessories&hash=item2c60088420)
I've had issues before with a car's built-in iPod control that would mark a podcast as completely played even if I listened only to a short part of it and that made that car's iPod control completely useless for me.
Does anyone here has experience with that iPhone remote and knows if it works well for podcasts?
Recommendation for alternative products are also welcome, as long as the alternative is cheap
if it makes any difference the iPhone is connected to the car's radio speakers with a cable connected to the phone's earphones jack. | 2012/08/14 | [
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/60663",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/users/708/"
] | I have the same issue, and here's the workaround I use:
**I create a playlist and add the podcasts I want to listen to that day.**
It's a little time consuming but then I do not have to try and find the podcast on my ipod while driving. | I bought one and after using it for 2 days I can say it works just fine.
Note: every time you disconnect it and reconnect it to the iPhone it forget the volume (and starts on very low, impossible to hear volume level) and it does pick up some interference (probably from the phone) every one in a while - but it solves my problem and it's a very good buy for $5.50 |
183,039 | Crusher Creel, the Absorbing Man, has the ability to absorb type of material be it gas, liquid, solid or energy.
According to Wikipedia (not the best source) his powers and abilities states:
>
> Creel's overall power increases in direct proportion to the strength of the material absorbed. There is almost no limit to what Creel can absorb, as he has absorbed the properties of bronze;cocaine; Odin's Cosmic Bolt and later cyclonic storm; diamond; glass; light; rock, silk, soil; spikes; steel; Thor's uru hammer Mjolnir; water; and even the properties of Asgard itself.
>
>
>
As it states that the Absorbing Man absorbed Odin's Cosmic Bolt which has been shown strong enough to cause ripples through-out all the planes of reality.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/wViAy.jpg)
Would it be plausible in theory for him to be able to absorb a portion of the Phoenix Force? | 2018/03/07 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/183039",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/46763/"
] | In Jean Grey recently it was shown that Jean's mind ended up in a mental plane of the Phoenix Force, after it burned her alive. The Phoenix Force had no idea how this could happen and got her out by reviving her. In the events before that Jean learned how the Phoenix has mostly burned the mind of any being that hosted it for a time.
Crusher Creel has yet to admit limits of his ability. But the Phoenix Force is a highly psychic being. So when he tries to absorb the Phoenix Force, my best guess it that he would succeed physically, but somehow the Phoenix Force would get into his mind and burn him. Maybe that would be the point where the Phoenix Force decides that he would make a fine host. I can only imagine that maybe, when the Phoenix Force tries to leave, would be able to hold it back with his ability. | He has absorbed the powers of both Thor and Hulk at some point leading me to believe he could. That being said it probably depends on who is writing the story. |
183,039 | Crusher Creel, the Absorbing Man, has the ability to absorb type of material be it gas, liquid, solid or energy.
According to Wikipedia (not the best source) his powers and abilities states:
>
> Creel's overall power increases in direct proportion to the strength of the material absorbed. There is almost no limit to what Creel can absorb, as he has absorbed the properties of bronze;cocaine; Odin's Cosmic Bolt and later cyclonic storm; diamond; glass; light; rock, silk, soil; spikes; steel; Thor's uru hammer Mjolnir; water; and even the properties of Asgard itself.
>
>
>
As it states that the Absorbing Man absorbed Odin's Cosmic Bolt which has been shown strong enough to cause ripples through-out all the planes of reality.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/wViAy.jpg)
Would it be plausible in theory for him to be able to absorb a portion of the Phoenix Force? | 2018/03/07 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/183039",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/46763/"
] | He has limits (with some writers) to how much power he can take. In Secret Wars: the Return, absorbing the Sentry's power almost overwhelmed and killed him. In Hulk 456, when the Hulk was augmented by Apocalypse to become War, Creel was burnt to ashes by trying to absorb his power.
However, by these standards, there is no way he should have been able to absorb Odin's Cosmic Bolt. Unless there was an explanation I missed, his limitations depend on the writer. | He has absorbed the powers of both Thor and Hulk at some point leading me to believe he could. That being said it probably depends on who is writing the story. |
183,039 | Crusher Creel, the Absorbing Man, has the ability to absorb type of material be it gas, liquid, solid or energy.
According to Wikipedia (not the best source) his powers and abilities states:
>
> Creel's overall power increases in direct proportion to the strength of the material absorbed. There is almost no limit to what Creel can absorb, as he has absorbed the properties of bronze;cocaine; Odin's Cosmic Bolt and later cyclonic storm; diamond; glass; light; rock, silk, soil; spikes; steel; Thor's uru hammer Mjolnir; water; and even the properties of Asgard itself.
>
>
>
As it states that the Absorbing Man absorbed Odin's Cosmic Bolt which has been shown strong enough to cause ripples through-out all the planes of reality.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/wViAy.jpg)
Would it be plausible in theory for him to be able to absorb a portion of the Phoenix Force? | 2018/03/07 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/183039",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/46763/"
] | In Jean Grey recently it was shown that Jean's mind ended up in a mental plane of the Phoenix Force, after it burned her alive. The Phoenix Force had no idea how this could happen and got her out by reviving her. In the events before that Jean learned how the Phoenix has mostly burned the mind of any being that hosted it for a time.
Crusher Creel has yet to admit limits of his ability. But the Phoenix Force is a highly psychic being. So when he tries to absorb the Phoenix Force, my best guess it that he would succeed physically, but somehow the Phoenix Force would get into his mind and burn him. Maybe that would be the point where the Phoenix Force decides that he would make a fine host. I can only imagine that maybe, when the Phoenix Force tries to leave, would be able to hold it back with his ability. | No, the phoenix force ( if you are talking about the X-Men ) is a living being, not a material. |
183,039 | Crusher Creel, the Absorbing Man, has the ability to absorb type of material be it gas, liquid, solid or energy.
According to Wikipedia (not the best source) his powers and abilities states:
>
> Creel's overall power increases in direct proportion to the strength of the material absorbed. There is almost no limit to what Creel can absorb, as he has absorbed the properties of bronze;cocaine; Odin's Cosmic Bolt and later cyclonic storm; diamond; glass; light; rock, silk, soil; spikes; steel; Thor's uru hammer Mjolnir; water; and even the properties of Asgard itself.
>
>
>
As it states that the Absorbing Man absorbed Odin's Cosmic Bolt which has been shown strong enough to cause ripples through-out all the planes of reality.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/wViAy.jpg)
Would it be plausible in theory for him to be able to absorb a portion of the Phoenix Force? | 2018/03/07 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/183039",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/46763/"
] | He has limits (with some writers) to how much power he can take. In Secret Wars: the Return, absorbing the Sentry's power almost overwhelmed and killed him. In Hulk 456, when the Hulk was augmented by Apocalypse to become War, Creel was burnt to ashes by trying to absorb his power.
However, by these standards, there is no way he should have been able to absorb Odin's Cosmic Bolt. Unless there was an explanation I missed, his limitations depend on the writer. | No, the phoenix force ( if you are talking about the X-Men ) is a living being, not a material. |
183,039 | Crusher Creel, the Absorbing Man, has the ability to absorb type of material be it gas, liquid, solid or energy.
According to Wikipedia (not the best source) his powers and abilities states:
>
> Creel's overall power increases in direct proportion to the strength of the material absorbed. There is almost no limit to what Creel can absorb, as he has absorbed the properties of bronze;cocaine; Odin's Cosmic Bolt and later cyclonic storm; diamond; glass; light; rock, silk, soil; spikes; steel; Thor's uru hammer Mjolnir; water; and even the properties of Asgard itself.
>
>
>
As it states that the Absorbing Man absorbed Odin's Cosmic Bolt which has been shown strong enough to cause ripples through-out all the planes of reality.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/wViAy.jpg)
Would it be plausible in theory for him to be able to absorb a portion of the Phoenix Force? | 2018/03/07 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/183039",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/46763/"
] | He has limits (with some writers) to how much power he can take. In Secret Wars: the Return, absorbing the Sentry's power almost overwhelmed and killed him. In Hulk 456, when the Hulk was augmented by Apocalypse to become War, Creel was burnt to ashes by trying to absorb his power.
However, by these standards, there is no way he should have been able to absorb Odin's Cosmic Bolt. Unless there was an explanation I missed, his limitations depend on the writer. | In Jean Grey recently it was shown that Jean's mind ended up in a mental plane of the Phoenix Force, after it burned her alive. The Phoenix Force had no idea how this could happen and got her out by reviving her. In the events before that Jean learned how the Phoenix has mostly burned the mind of any being that hosted it for a time.
Crusher Creel has yet to admit limits of his ability. But the Phoenix Force is a highly psychic being. So when he tries to absorb the Phoenix Force, my best guess it that he would succeed physically, but somehow the Phoenix Force would get into his mind and burn him. Maybe that would be the point where the Phoenix Force decides that he would make a fine host. I can only imagine that maybe, when the Phoenix Force tries to leave, would be able to hold it back with his ability. |
4,257 | What are people using to scan and archive receipts?
The only software I've found that does this is NeatReceipts. Does anyone recommend it?
<http://www.frys.com/product/5734692?site=sr:SEARCH:MAIN_RSLT_PG> | 2010/10/24 | [
"https://money.stackexchange.com/questions/4257",
"https://money.stackexchange.com",
"https://money.stackexchange.com/users/1732/"
] | NeatReceipts come up from time to time on woot.com. You can read up on the discussions which typically include several user testimonials at these past sales:
* [August 23, 2010](http://www.woot.com/Forums/ViewPost.aspx?PostID=4109089)
* [March 3, 2010](http://www.woot.com/forums/viewpost.aspx?postid=3821661)
* [May 21, 2009](http://sellout.woot.com/Forums/ViewPost.aspx?PostID=3223828) | Scanning receipts is easy and any decent scanner will do a good job for you. The difficult part is the software that 'extracts' the data. Today there is no software that can do this really well because there is just too great a range of receipts (e.g. handwritten receipts, receipts in foreign languages, etc.). For this reason services like Shoeboxed (in the US) and Receipt Bank (in Europe) are very popular.
*(Added disclosure: Michael Wood's profile web site link indicates he is associated with Receipt Bank.)* |
4,257 | What are people using to scan and archive receipts?
The only software I've found that does this is NeatReceipts. Does anyone recommend it?
<http://www.frys.com/product/5734692?site=sr:SEARCH:MAIN_RSLT_PG> | 2010/10/24 | [
"https://money.stackexchange.com/questions/4257",
"https://money.stackexchange.com",
"https://money.stackexchange.com/users/1732/"
] | NeatReceipts come up from time to time on woot.com. You can read up on the discussions which typically include several user testimonials at these past sales:
* [August 23, 2010](http://www.woot.com/Forums/ViewPost.aspx?PostID=4109089)
* [March 3, 2010](http://www.woot.com/forums/viewpost.aspx?postid=3821661)
* [May 21, 2009](http://sellout.woot.com/Forums/ViewPost.aspx?PostID=3223828) | Try the following apps/services:
* [EverNote](https://evernote.com/) with [Receipts](https://appcenter.evernote.com/app/receipts/iphone) app (image recognition makes finding receipts a snap),
* [Receipt Bank](http://www.receipt-bank.com/) (paid service, gathers paper receipts, scans them and processes the data),
I've tested it, and it recognizing receipts very well, taking picture is very quick and easy, then you can upload the expenses into your accounting software by a click or automatically (e.g. FreeAgent), however the service it's a bit expensive. They've apps for Android and iPhone.
* [Expentory](https://expentory.com/) (app and cloud-based service for capturing expense receipts on the move),
* [Xpenditure](http://www.xpenditure.com/) (take picture of your receipt, and it can process it),
* [Kagazz](http://www.kagazz.com/) (integrates with FreeAgent and automatically uploads data and images from receipts and invoices into FreeAgent in real time),
* [Scan Tailor](http://scantailor.org/) ([at GitHub](https://github.com/scantailor/scantailor)), an interactive post-processing tool for scanned pages. |
4,257 | What are people using to scan and archive receipts?
The only software I've found that does this is NeatReceipts. Does anyone recommend it?
<http://www.frys.com/product/5734692?site=sr:SEARCH:MAIN_RSLT_PG> | 2010/10/24 | [
"https://money.stackexchange.com/questions/4257",
"https://money.stackexchange.com",
"https://money.stackexchange.com/users/1732/"
] | Try the following apps/services:
* [EverNote](https://evernote.com/) with [Receipts](https://appcenter.evernote.com/app/receipts/iphone) app (image recognition makes finding receipts a snap),
* [Receipt Bank](http://www.receipt-bank.com/) (paid service, gathers paper receipts, scans them and processes the data),
I've tested it, and it recognizing receipts very well, taking picture is very quick and easy, then you can upload the expenses into your accounting software by a click or automatically (e.g. FreeAgent), however the service it's a bit expensive. They've apps for Android and iPhone.
* [Expentory](https://expentory.com/) (app and cloud-based service for capturing expense receipts on the move),
* [Xpenditure](http://www.xpenditure.com/) (take picture of your receipt, and it can process it),
* [Kagazz](http://www.kagazz.com/) (integrates with FreeAgent and automatically uploads data and images from receipts and invoices into FreeAgent in real time),
* [Scan Tailor](http://scantailor.org/) ([at GitHub](https://github.com/scantailor/scantailor)), an interactive post-processing tool for scanned pages. | Scanning receipts is easy and any decent scanner will do a good job for you. The difficult part is the software that 'extracts' the data. Today there is no software that can do this really well because there is just too great a range of receipts (e.g. handwritten receipts, receipts in foreign languages, etc.). For this reason services like Shoeboxed (in the US) and Receipt Bank (in Europe) are very popular.
*(Added disclosure: Michael Wood's profile web site link indicates he is associated with Receipt Bank.)* |
135,242 | I have 2 people added having same permissions but both of them see different count of items in the Actions context menu of a document library.
**Connect to Outlook** and **Sync to computer** options seems to be missing.
What can be the issue. | 2015/03/16 | [
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/questions/135242",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/users/25711/"
] | I would suggest that there is a difference with their Office installation maybe something is not installed correctly on the user with the missing options.
I would get the user with the missing options to login on to the same machine as the user with the visible options and see if those items appear.
I would also check the permission level and make sure that the user with missing option has the permission "Use Client Integration" | The issue was the difference in IE versions. In older browsers, these options come in the context menu whereas the newer browsers have them in the ribbon at the top. |
274,515 | I tried to watch live stream from [cbsnews](http://www.cbsnews.com/live/), however installation flash is required. I don't want to install flash, so I set Develop -> User Agent -> Safari iOS 10 as usual try to deceive the website that I'm using iPhone. However it didn't work. How does it recognize the device I'm using?
Is there any way to watch this live stream without using flash? | 2017/02/26 | [
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/274515",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/users/54739/"
] | I assume you have Google Chrome installed? Open the link in Google Chrome and click "enable flash." A "pop up blocked" message will appear at the right of the search box. Click on it and enable the website to use Shockwave Flash.
You do not need to have installed Adobe Flash using the Adobe Flash installer on your Mac for this to work. | Open Safari Preferences, go to the 'Advanced' tab. At the bottom of that, enable the 'Develop' menu.
This will add another menu to the Safari menus, called, you guessed it, 'Develop'. In newer versions of Safari, this menu contains an entry 'Enter Responsive Design Mode' which opens up any web page as if you are browsing from an Apple mobile device; User Agent, Screen size and all. That should get you what you are after. |
52,565 | I am interested in visiting around Paris and since French regional trains are quite convenient (no reservation, no last minute high price) to travel and explore an area I would like to know if there is a centralised map or list of all or most regional train lines departing from Paris (to reach destinations within 2 hours of any Paris station).
I know it is quite complex because Paris has multiple stations and trains are organised by the regions and therefore each region has its own map/list.
So far I found the map for the [Ile-de-France region](http://www.transilien.com/contents/fr/Docs---PDF/Plans/Carte%20fusion_03_2014.pdf) but I wish there was a single map including regional trains managed by all neighboring regions. | 2015/08/11 | [
"https://travel.stackexchange.com/questions/52565",
"https://travel.stackexchange.com",
"https://travel.stackexchange.com/users/3044/"
] | I figured Wikipedia has nice tables of all lines (regional, national, international) serving each of the major Paris stations. It does not render as nice as a map but they are all there:
* [Gare de Montparnasse](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gare_de_Paris-Montparnasse#Tableau_des_dessertes)
* [Gare de l'Est](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gare_de_Paris-Est#Tableaux_de_synth.C3.A8se)
* [Gare de Lyon](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris-Gare-de-Lyon#Tableau_de_synth.C3.A8se)
* [Gare du Nord](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gare_de_Paris-Nord#La_desserte_r.C3.A9gionale)
* [Gare de Saint-Lazare](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gare_de_Paris-Saint-Lazare#Lignes_desservies)
* [Gare d'Austerlitz](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gare_de_Paris-Austerlitz#Tableau_grandes_lignes_et_RER)
* [Gare de Bercy](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gare_de_Paris-Bercy#Dessertes_ferroviaires) | Here is a [sample page](http://www.europeanrailwayatlas.com/extract-atlases.html) from [European Rail Timetable](http://www.europeanrailtimetable.eu/european-railway-atlas--m-g-ball-113-p.asp):
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/tR2cK.jpg) |
52,565 | I am interested in visiting around Paris and since French regional trains are quite convenient (no reservation, no last minute high price) to travel and explore an area I would like to know if there is a centralised map or list of all or most regional train lines departing from Paris (to reach destinations within 2 hours of any Paris station).
I know it is quite complex because Paris has multiple stations and trains are organised by the regions and therefore each region has its own map/list.
So far I found the map for the [Ile-de-France region](http://www.transilien.com/contents/fr/Docs---PDF/Plans/Carte%20fusion_03_2014.pdf) but I wish there was a single map including regional trains managed by all neighboring regions. | 2015/08/11 | [
"https://travel.stackexchange.com/questions/52565",
"https://travel.stackexchange.com",
"https://travel.stackexchange.com/users/3044/"
] | I figured Wikipedia has nice tables of all lines (regional, national, international) serving each of the major Paris stations. It does not render as nice as a map but they are all there:
* [Gare de Montparnasse](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gare_de_Paris-Montparnasse#Tableau_des_dessertes)
* [Gare de l'Est](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gare_de_Paris-Est#Tableaux_de_synth.C3.A8se)
* [Gare de Lyon](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris-Gare-de-Lyon#Tableau_de_synth.C3.A8se)
* [Gare du Nord](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gare_de_Paris-Nord#La_desserte_r.C3.A9gionale)
* [Gare de Saint-Lazare](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gare_de_Paris-Saint-Lazare#Lignes_desservies)
* [Gare d'Austerlitz](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gare_de_Paris-Austerlitz#Tableau_grandes_lignes_et_RER)
* [Gare de Bercy](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gare_de_Paris-Bercy#Dessertes_ferroviaires) | I found [this map of the Ile-de-France region](http://www.projectmapping.co.uk/Europe%20World/Resources/Ile-de-France%20405.jpg) on [this site](http://www.projectmapping.co.uk/Europe%20World/franceparistrain.html), so I assume it is a 2005 map rather than the most current one.
But as rail lines are not changing that fast, it might give you a start on finding a railway destination.
[On another site](http://www.bonjourlafrance.com/france-trains/france-train-travel.htm) you can find a map of France (and more) on which you can zoom in to see the area you want to concentrate on. I find it less clear than the older map.
This last page also has the option to get trains listed by the departure station, which might be useful if you want to check out one region near Paris. |
52,565 | I am interested in visiting around Paris and since French regional trains are quite convenient (no reservation, no last minute high price) to travel and explore an area I would like to know if there is a centralised map or list of all or most regional train lines departing from Paris (to reach destinations within 2 hours of any Paris station).
I know it is quite complex because Paris has multiple stations and trains are organised by the regions and therefore each region has its own map/list.
So far I found the map for the [Ile-de-France region](http://www.transilien.com/contents/fr/Docs---PDF/Plans/Carte%20fusion_03_2014.pdf) but I wish there was a single map including regional trains managed by all neighboring regions. | 2015/08/11 | [
"https://travel.stackexchange.com/questions/52565",
"https://travel.stackexchange.com",
"https://travel.stackexchange.com/users/3044/"
] | I figured Wikipedia has nice tables of all lines (regional, national, international) serving each of the major Paris stations. It does not render as nice as a map but they are all there:
* [Gare de Montparnasse](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gare_de_Paris-Montparnasse#Tableau_des_dessertes)
* [Gare de l'Est](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gare_de_Paris-Est#Tableaux_de_synth.C3.A8se)
* [Gare de Lyon](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris-Gare-de-Lyon#Tableau_de_synth.C3.A8se)
* [Gare du Nord](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gare_de_Paris-Nord#La_desserte_r.C3.A9gionale)
* [Gare de Saint-Lazare](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gare_de_Paris-Saint-Lazare#Lignes_desservies)
* [Gare d'Austerlitz](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gare_de_Paris-Austerlitz#Tableau_grandes_lignes_et_RER)
* [Gare de Bercy](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gare_de_Paris-Bercy#Dessertes_ferroviaires) | Here is a [time to distance map](http://philippe.gambette.free.fr/Train/) than can be useful. According to its author, it was generated using SNCF sources.
Otherwise, a [plain standard official map](http://www.voyages-sncf.com/ext/editorial/guide-voyageur/carte-destinations.pdf) may be useful too. |
52,565 | I am interested in visiting around Paris and since French regional trains are quite convenient (no reservation, no last minute high price) to travel and explore an area I would like to know if there is a centralised map or list of all or most regional train lines departing from Paris (to reach destinations within 2 hours of any Paris station).
I know it is quite complex because Paris has multiple stations and trains are organised by the regions and therefore each region has its own map/list.
So far I found the map for the [Ile-de-France region](http://www.transilien.com/contents/fr/Docs---PDF/Plans/Carte%20fusion_03_2014.pdf) but I wish there was a single map including regional trains managed by all neighboring regions. | 2015/08/11 | [
"https://travel.stackexchange.com/questions/52565",
"https://travel.stackexchange.com",
"https://travel.stackexchange.com/users/3044/"
] | I figured Wikipedia has nice tables of all lines (regional, national, international) serving each of the major Paris stations. It does not render as nice as a map but they are all there:
* [Gare de Montparnasse](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gare_de_Paris-Montparnasse#Tableau_des_dessertes)
* [Gare de l'Est](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gare_de_Paris-Est#Tableaux_de_synth.C3.A8se)
* [Gare de Lyon](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris-Gare-de-Lyon#Tableau_de_synth.C3.A8se)
* [Gare du Nord](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gare_de_Paris-Nord#La_desserte_r.C3.A9gionale)
* [Gare de Saint-Lazare](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gare_de_Paris-Saint-Lazare#Lignes_desservies)
* [Gare d'Austerlitz](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gare_de_Paris-Austerlitz#Tableau_grandes_lignes_et_RER)
* [Gare de Bercy](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gare_de_Paris-Bercy#Dessertes_ferroviaires) | [Vianavigo](https://www.vianavigo.com/en/routes-district-maps/) is a journey planner for public transportation in Paris and Ile de France. It includes regional trains and even local buses. Enter the departure and arrival points : it will provide you with routes and schedules. On the [STIF](http://www.stif.info/) network, which gather public transportations in the Ile de France, prices do not change even if you buy your ticket 30 seconds before getting on board !
Using this network, you can go to different towns :
* [Fontainebleau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fontainebleau) : there is a castle there and the small town is surrounded by a forest. Lots of horses a few miles from the castle.
* [Chantilly](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chantilly,_Oise) : there is a castle there and the small town is surrounded by a forest. Lots of horses near the castle.
* [Versailles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Versailles_%28city%29) : there is a well-known castle there and a large park with fountains.
* [Saint Germain en Laye](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Germain-en-Laye) : there is a castle there and a forest behind it.
* [Rambouillet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rambouillet) : guess what ?
If you wish to go further, the national train network is the [SNCF](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SNCF). You can plan your trip and buy your tickets at <http://www.voyages-sncf.com/> . Specifying the right station in Paris is not required : the interface will find it for you. Prices are time-dependent : if you plan your trip months in advance, you can get cheap tickets called "prem's". In France, there is a really efficient network of high speed trains. Hence, within 2 hours, you can go to Lille, Bruxelles (in Belgium) or Luxembourg (in Luxembourg).
Do not be worried if the regional train is operated by the SNCF : it is usual on most lines.
Welcome to France ! |
55,248 | Do you read others' answers before providing your own answer or just contribute to existing best answer with a comment? Why? | 2010/06/28 | [
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/55248",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/users/135723/"
] | I always read the existing answers to see if they cover what my answer would be. If there's enough missing from the existing answers that I think it warrants a separate answer, I'll post one and generally start it with something like "Foo's answer is right, but you should note that..."; if it's a minor point I'll just add it as a comment on the answer I agree with.
I assume by "read others' questions" you mean questions people have posted as comments; if I think I know the answer I generally don't read the comments until after I've posted. Once I've posted my answer I'll go back and answer comments with what my interpretation of the question was, or I'll edit the question to clarify points if it's in my opinion obvious what the OP meant | I do the comment/answer thing similar to how Michael Mrozek handles it. I tend to chime in with a 'me too' comment on a good answer if it seems the original questioner might need some extra weight on an answer to take it seriously. Or if I can provide a brief use-case in case one wasn't provided in the answer. Again, if all of that gets too long I'll post my own answer. |
55,248 | Do you read others' answers before providing your own answer or just contribute to existing best answer with a comment? Why? | 2010/06/28 | [
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/55248",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/users/135723/"
] | You should have used a true XHTML parser instead of a regex.
Wait, what was the question? | Yes, you should most definitely read the top few threads and at least skim through all the other answers. Some community wiki answers have pages, so it is reasonable to just skim, but if you don't read the answers you'll just duplicate. Correct answers that only add noise should be downvoted (check the date published) |
55,248 | Do you read others' answers before providing your own answer or just contribute to existing best answer with a comment? Why? | 2010/06/28 | [
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/55248",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/users/135723/"
] | I always read the existing answers to see if they cover what my answer would be. If there's enough missing from the existing answers that I think it warrants a separate answer, I'll post one and generally start it with something like "Foo's answer is right, but you should note that..."; if it's a minor point I'll just add it as a comment on the answer I agree with.
I assume by "read others' questions" you mean questions people have posted as comments; if I think I know the answer I generally don't read the comments until after I've posted. Once I've posted my answer I'll go back and answer comments with what my interpretation of the question was, or I'll edit the question to clarify points if it's in my opinion obvious what the OP meant | You should have used a true XHTML parser instead of a regex.
Wait, what was the question? |
55,248 | Do you read others' answers before providing your own answer or just contribute to existing best answer with a comment? Why? | 2010/06/28 | [
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/55248",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/users/135723/"
] | Yes.
If someone else has provided an answer that is similar (or typically identical) to the one that I would have provided, I usually leave a comment indicating an up-vote.
If someone has made a typo, again, I usually just leave a comment even though I can edit their answer. (I have yet, at 11k+ rep, gotten used to the idea of editing someone else's answer, though It is starting to sink in).
If someone wrote an IOU to buy a clue, I down-vote and comment.
If nobody has yet answered the question the way that I would, I answer, then edit, edit some more .. and then (usually) edit again a month or so later. Then perhaps a year later.
Finally, how can you determine the existing best answer without reading in the first place? Surely, not by votes .. I hope :) If you are knowledgeable in your tags, *every* answer is interesting and deserves your scrutiny, applause, comment or edit .. if indeed the question attracted your attention in the first place :) | Yes, you should most definitely read the top few threads and at least skim through all the other answers. Some community wiki answers have pages, so it is reasonable to just skim, but if you don't read the answers you'll just duplicate. Correct answers that only add noise should be downvoted (check the date published) |
55,248 | Do you read others' answers before providing your own answer or just contribute to existing best answer with a comment? Why? | 2010/06/28 | [
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/55248",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/users/135723/"
] | You should totally drop that and try jQuery. | I do the comment/answer thing similar to how Michael Mrozek handles it. I tend to chime in with a 'me too' comment on a good answer if it seems the original questioner might need some extra weight on an answer to take it seriously. Or if I can provide a brief use-case in case one wasn't provided in the answer. Again, if all of that gets too long I'll post my own answer. |
55,248 | Do you read others' answers before providing your own answer or just contribute to existing best answer with a comment? Why? | 2010/06/28 | [
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/55248",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/users/135723/"
] | Yes.
If someone else has provided an answer that is similar (or typically identical) to the one that I would have provided, I usually leave a comment indicating an up-vote.
If someone has made a typo, again, I usually just leave a comment even though I can edit their answer. (I have yet, at 11k+ rep, gotten used to the idea of editing someone else's answer, though It is starting to sink in).
If someone wrote an IOU to buy a clue, I down-vote and comment.
If nobody has yet answered the question the way that I would, I answer, then edit, edit some more .. and then (usually) edit again a month or so later. Then perhaps a year later.
Finally, how can you determine the existing best answer without reading in the first place? Surely, not by votes .. I hope :) If you are knowledgeable in your tags, *every* answer is interesting and deserves your scrutiny, applause, comment or edit .. if indeed the question attracted your attention in the first place :) | I do the comment/answer thing similar to how Michael Mrozek handles it. I tend to chime in with a 'me too' comment on a good answer if it seems the original questioner might need some extra weight on an answer to take it seriously. Or if I can provide a brief use-case in case one wasn't provided in the answer. Again, if all of that gets too long I'll post my own answer. |
55,248 | Do you read others' answers before providing your own answer or just contribute to existing best answer with a comment? Why? | 2010/06/28 | [
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/55248",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/users/135723/"
] | I always read the existing answers to see if they cover what my answer would be. If there's enough missing from the existing answers that I think it warrants a separate answer, I'll post one and generally start it with something like "Foo's answer is right, but you should note that..."; if it's a minor point I'll just add it as a comment on the answer I agree with.
I assume by "read others' questions" you mean questions people have posted as comments; if I think I know the answer I generally don't read the comments until after I've posted. Once I've posted my answer I'll go back and answer comments with what my interpretation of the question was, or I'll edit the question to clarify points if it's in my opinion obvious what the OP meant | Yes, you should most definitely read the top few threads and at least skim through all the other answers. Some community wiki answers have pages, so it is reasonable to just skim, but if you don't read the answers you'll just duplicate. Correct answers that only add noise should be downvoted (check the date published) |
55,248 | Do you read others' answers before providing your own answer or just contribute to existing best answer with a comment? Why? | 2010/06/28 | [
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/55248",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/users/135723/"
] | You should have used a true XHTML parser instead of a regex.
Wait, what was the question? | I do the comment/answer thing similar to how Michael Mrozek handles it. I tend to chime in with a 'me too' comment on a good answer if it seems the original questioner might need some extra weight on an answer to take it seriously. Or if I can provide a brief use-case in case one wasn't provided in the answer. Again, if all of that gets too long I'll post my own answer. |
55,248 | Do you read others' answers before providing your own answer or just contribute to existing best answer with a comment? Why? | 2010/06/28 | [
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/55248",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/users/135723/"
] | You should totally drop that and try jQuery. | Yes, you should most definitely read the top few threads and at least skim through all the other answers. Some community wiki answers have pages, so it is reasonable to just skim, but if you don't read the answers you'll just duplicate. Correct answers that only add noise should be downvoted (check the date published) |
55,248 | Do you read others' answers before providing your own answer or just contribute to existing best answer with a comment? Why? | 2010/06/28 | [
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/55248",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/users/135723/"
] | Yes.
If someone else has provided an answer that is similar (or typically identical) to the one that I would have provided, I usually leave a comment indicating an up-vote.
If someone has made a typo, again, I usually just leave a comment even though I can edit their answer. (I have yet, at 11k+ rep, gotten used to the idea of editing someone else's answer, though It is starting to sink in).
If someone wrote an IOU to buy a clue, I down-vote and comment.
If nobody has yet answered the question the way that I would, I answer, then edit, edit some more .. and then (usually) edit again a month or so later. Then perhaps a year later.
Finally, how can you determine the existing best answer without reading in the first place? Surely, not by votes .. I hope :) If you are knowledgeable in your tags, *every* answer is interesting and deserves your scrutiny, applause, comment or edit .. if indeed the question attracted your attention in the first place :) | You should totally drop that and try jQuery. |
44,601,184 | i am using `angularjs` and generate excel-sheet using blob with the help of filesaver.js i am getting my properly but excel will not open correctly in Micrsoft Excel it's working but i am not getting the cells it's shows black white page but content is there .help how to solve
here i attached my fiddle:<https://jsfiddle.net/x30v0bym/3/> | 2017/06/17 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/44601184",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/7240783/"
] | If your application won't communicate with another apps, you don't need any content provider in this case, because you are using Firebase and Sqlite also together. You can use Firebase for your online operations and you can use Sqlite to manage your offline operations. Firebase offline capabilities may be a solution for you also or you can make a custom solution, Firebase and Sqlite together. Please check documentation: <https://firebase.google.com/docs/database/android/offline-capabilities>
You need Content provider, when you want to share your data with other apps. If your scenario doesn't have any data that is being provided to or being shared with other apps, you don't need content provider.
Additionally you can share your Firebase database with other applications via Firebase Console settings. You can create one Firebase Realtime Database and share it with many other applications. You truly have many options, you have to decide what you need in your scenario and decide on a particular way from many alternatives.
If you need to share your data with another application, please check this documentation: <https://developer.android.com/training/basics/intents/index.html> | **No**, I don't think so that there is any role of Content provider in your Firbase(cloud) and SQLite. because **Content Provider** is used to provide our application data with other application But in your case there is no need to share your data with other application. for more knowledge you may go through the [official website of android](https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/providers/content-provider-basics.html). |
41,982 | It is reported tonight that Dominic Raab, in his campaign to become leader of the Conservative Party, has indicated he would be prepared to prorogue Parliament. Presumably the purpose would be to prevent Parliament voting against a no-deal Brexit, so that Britain could be taken out of the European Union contrary to Parliament's will.
When Charles I did this in 1629, the problem he had was that during the twelve years that parliament did not sit, the King had no means of raising taxation. **Later, the 1689 Bill of Rights forbade the raising of taxation without representation.**
So if Dominic Raab, as Prime Minister, advised the Queen to prorogue parliament, what would there be to stop anyone withholding their taxes with impunity?
If anyone thinks this is a silly question, I seem to recall that in the late 1970s the Australian Government did find itself almost in the position of having to stand down its military because Parliament would not pass the Finance Act. And it was only recently that the US federal government was unable to pay many of its staff when Congress refused to pass their equivalent of the Finance Act. | 2019/06/05 | [
"https://politics.stackexchange.com/questions/41982",
"https://politics.stackexchange.com",
"https://politics.stackexchange.com/users/6837/"
] | I'm not sure of the details, but presumably he (or any other leader hoping to force a
no-deal Brexit) might hope to do so in view of the fact that Parliament has already approved a budget for this year. It's the debate for the next year's budget which might be problematic, but not [hugely so](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budget_of_the_United_Kingdom):
>
> The 2017 budget took place on Wednesday 22 November 2017, and the Chancellor presented the 2018 budget on Monday 29 October 2018. Since 2017 the United Kingdom budget has taken place in the Autumn in order to allow major tax changes to occur annually, well before the start of the fiscal year.
>
>
>
The new Brexit deadline is 31 October. And there's the summer vacation (July-August) followed by party conferences recess (September-October) as well in between:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/K5m6m.png)
More likely Parliament would not be entirely prorogued (suspended) as soon as the new leader takes office, but since clawing the parliamentary timetable [is hard](https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/blog/new-prime-minister-intent-no-deal-brexit-cant-be-stopped-mps-0)... it might be enough to do prorogue parliament closer to the Brexit deadline.
Nevertheless, for the [contrary opinion](https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-48447324):
>
> The Speaker of the House of Commons, John Bercow, has said any suggestion that Parliament would not play its part on Brexit was "simply unimaginable".
>
>
>
---
Also, this idea is not terribly new, [back in January](https://www.express.co.uk/news/politics/1076749/Brexit-news-Jacob-Rees-Mogg-prorogation-queen-suspend-parliament):
>
> Jacob Rees-Mogg said the Prime Minister should prorogue Parliament before MPs have a chance to vote for an extension of Article 50 to become law. Prorogation would mean the end of the parliamentary session and therefore all draft laws currently making their way through the Commons and Lords would fall. A no-deal Brexit deal would then happen by default.
>
>
>
Finally, I'm almost certain UK residents would not be able to suspend paying their taxes if parliament is prorogued, as you suggest. The UK tax laws are almost certainly not dependant on a Parliament being in session. (If you want to investigate this last issue further, I suggest you ask on law SE.) | Prorogation is a perfectly normal part of the Parliamentary process. Parliament is normally prorogued every year, between the end of one session and the start of the next, and also for a month or so during general elections. Taxes continue to be paid, and payable. A prorogation lasting for years could cause problems, but what’s under discussion here is one lasting for weeks, which would not. |
41,982 | It is reported tonight that Dominic Raab, in his campaign to become leader of the Conservative Party, has indicated he would be prepared to prorogue Parliament. Presumably the purpose would be to prevent Parliament voting against a no-deal Brexit, so that Britain could be taken out of the European Union contrary to Parliament's will.
When Charles I did this in 1629, the problem he had was that during the twelve years that parliament did not sit, the King had no means of raising taxation. **Later, the 1689 Bill of Rights forbade the raising of taxation without representation.**
So if Dominic Raab, as Prime Minister, advised the Queen to prorogue parliament, what would there be to stop anyone withholding their taxes with impunity?
If anyone thinks this is a silly question, I seem to recall that in the late 1970s the Australian Government did find itself almost in the position of having to stand down its military because Parliament would not pass the Finance Act. And it was only recently that the US federal government was unable to pay many of its staff when Congress refused to pass their equivalent of the Finance Act. | 2019/06/05 | [
"https://politics.stackexchange.com/questions/41982",
"https://politics.stackexchange.com",
"https://politics.stackexchange.com/users/6837/"
] | Not all taxes need annual parliamentary authorisation; [income and corporation tax do](https://beta.parliament.uk/collections/EzcagZlg), but VAT doesn't, for example. So it is, in theory, plausible that if the current authorisation were to lapse, then it would not be possible for the government to continue to collect income and corporation tax until fresh approval was granted.
Also, as far as I can tell, the government doesn't need parliamentary approval to borrow money, so it could fall back on that.
In any case, unless it was timed badly (e.g. if the previous approval period expired during the gap), a short prorogation would not affect these. Note, for example, that the same issues apply when Parliament is dissolved prior to a general election, and hence doesn't sit for a few weeks until the new Parliament is elected and sworn in.
However, a long prorogation would eventually run into other problems.
Firstly, although the government would be able to raise some funds without parliament, parliament still needs to regularly approve government expenditure, via [Appropriation Acts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appropriation_Act) and [Consolidated Fund Acts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consolidated_Fund_Act).
Secondly, as another consequence of the Bill of Rights, [annual parliamentary approval](http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2016/21/notes/division/6/index.htm) is required for the continued existence of the UK armed forces. One can only speculate as to what would happen if that approval were to lapse.
Whatever may happen, the Fixed Term Parliaments Act specifies that the current parliament will end in time for an election on the first Thursday in May 2022. That can only be changed if parliament itself decides otherwise. | Prorogation is a perfectly normal part of the Parliamentary process. Parliament is normally prorogued every year, between the end of one session and the start of the next, and also for a month or so during general elections. Taxes continue to be paid, and payable. A prorogation lasting for years could cause problems, but what’s under discussion here is one lasting for weeks, which would not. |
937,964 | At school I asked the question and I kept wondering "Can fractions or decimals be odd or even?" | 2014/09/19 | [
"https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/937964",
"https://math.stackexchange.com",
"https://math.stackexchange.com/users/177287/"
] | No, odd-ness and even-ness is defined only for Integers.
For more info: [Parity](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parity_%28mathematics%29) | No. Parity (whether a number is even or odd) only applies to integers. |
132,634 | I only play with the Direct X 9/10 - havent tried the other option(s), so this question may only apply there.
When I run Civ-5, the game takes over my desktop. It can never be 'minimized' to the task bar. The full screen window is always in the background. I can alt-tab to "Desktop", but as soon as I switch to another application (for example, a minimized chrome instance) my background is immediately replaced by the game.
Is there a way to have my Civ game running without it taking over my entire desktop? | 2013/09/29 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/132634",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/54499/"
] | Play the game in windowed mode. You can turn this on in the graphical options.
This would allow you to have the game maximised (thus taking up almost all the screen) but make it easy to minimise the game when necessary. | I cannot comment yet, so I have to write this as an answer. The minimize button dissappears after reloading the game, but a workaround for this is to go to Options > Video Options and checking the Fullscreen again, click Apply Resolution to go fullscreen then hit ESC key to cancel fullscreen while the counter is running. Now the minimize button appears again. You have to do this each time you load the game though. |
132,634 | I only play with the Direct X 9/10 - havent tried the other option(s), so this question may only apply there.
When I run Civ-5, the game takes over my desktop. It can never be 'minimized' to the task bar. The full screen window is always in the background. I can alt-tab to "Desktop", but as soon as I switch to another application (for example, a minimized chrome instance) my background is immediately replaced by the game.
Is there a way to have my Civ game running without it taking over my entire desktop? | 2013/09/29 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/132634",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/54499/"
] | Play the game in windowed mode. You can turn this on in the graphical options.
This would allow you to have the game maximised (thus taking up almost all the screen) but make it easy to minimise the game when necessary. | try shift+ctrl+ esc. i tried that and it worked out for me. |
132,634 | I only play with the Direct X 9/10 - havent tried the other option(s), so this question may only apply there.
When I run Civ-5, the game takes over my desktop. It can never be 'minimized' to the task bar. The full screen window is always in the background. I can alt-tab to "Desktop", but as soon as I switch to another application (for example, a minimized chrome instance) my background is immediately replaced by the game.
Is there a way to have my Civ game running without it taking over my entire desktop? | 2013/09/29 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/132634",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/54499/"
] | I cannot comment yet, so I have to write this as an answer. The minimize button dissappears after reloading the game, but a workaround for this is to go to Options > Video Options and checking the Fullscreen again, click Apply Resolution to go fullscreen then hit ESC key to cancel fullscreen while the counter is running. Now the minimize button appears again. You have to do this each time you load the game though. | try shift+ctrl+ esc. i tried that and it worked out for me. |
2,002 | Heart rate zones, target heart rate, heart rate reserve, etc can be useful for a fitness program, however all depend on knowing your maximum heart rate.
I'd like to know what **my** maximum heart rate is, not some theoretical average like 220 - age. What is the best way to find my true max heart rate?
Also... For the same level of effort, my heart rate on a bike is significantly lower than when running. Does max heart rate vary by activity, or any other factors besides age?
Thanks. | 2011/05/13 | [
"https://fitness.stackexchange.com/questions/2002",
"https://fitness.stackexchange.com",
"https://fitness.stackexchange.com/users/996/"
] | Having had a zone test before, it's important to understand that your maximum workout heart rate will likely be lower than your maximum physical heart rate. It is also important to limit testing your actual physical heart rate to proper cardiologists. That said, you don't need to get the max physical heart rate to get a set of useful zones and a customized workout for you.
The testing process uses a heart rate monitor, and a VO2 analyzer. Many fitness gyms have all the necessary equipment/software. They are measuring your [Aerobic Base (AB) and Anaerobic Threshold (AT) levels](http://www.lifetimefitness.com/magazine/index.cfm?strWebAction=article_detail&intArticleId=544). (link represents where I got the test done, but also describes in more detail).
The process of the test is relatively simple:
* Walk on a treadmill
* The tester will increase the speed/incline to increase your heart rate
* The Cooldown starts after you hit your AT (determined by CO2 exchange)
You do **not** hit your maximum heart rate. Once the test is done, the software will supply some cardio work to help you improve your overall health--but you will notice that the max heart rate is well under your physical max. You will not gain anything by going over that heart rate.
The idea and purpose of the zone training is to help you understand your current cardiovascular health and how to improve your performance. Personally, my aerobic base is pretty high, which is good news. However, my anaerobic threshold is pretty low. As a result the cardio plan I'm on is going to help increase the distance between them. It's been about 3 weeks, and I've already noticed my zones starting to shift.
I've since had a proper cardio test with a cardiologist. The test process was different, but they were checking how much stress my heart could take (not for fitness, but because it was prescribed by my general practitioner). The test was done when I started to feel light headed, and my heart rate went much higher than the prescribed maximum heart rate from the zone tests. I still didn't reach my maximum heart rate, which would require going until I passed out.
Take note that only a few hard core athletes ever get tested to find their true maximum heart rate. That bit of info is from the trainer who did the zone test. He told me, and the advice is sound, that if I ever wanted to do that I should see a cardiologist. Considering the stress test I had with the cardiologist, I don't want to really find the MAX heart rate. It's going to change every year anyway. | **Does max heart rate vary by activity?**
No. Your [**MAXIMUM** heart rate](http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=3674) is how fast your heart can beat, or, contract, in one minute.
**For the same level of effort, my heart rate on a bike is significantly lower than when running.**
You will experience a difference in heart rate between these exercises because you don't spend the same amount of energy while cycling as you do running.
>
> Cycling and running heart rates were
> found to differ for many reasons,
> including the level of impact and the
> amount of oxygen used
> - <http://www.livestrong.com/article/198328-the-average-heart-rate-while-cycling/#ixzz1MXVdaal8>
>
>
>
To find your maximum heart rate you can use an online calculator **[like this one](http://www.brianmac.co.uk/maxhr.htm)** that will run a number of calculations against your age (there are many formulas for calculating MHR).
---
Performing the Test
-------------------
If you really want to find your "personal" heart rate, and I agree with Xenovoyance that you will want to do this supervised, you could use a treadmill and slowly increase your speed and incline in order to push your body to its limits.
Basic prerequisites
* Get plenty of sleep the night before.
* Stay hydrated.
* Avoid eating for at least one-hour before.
* Warm-up for 15 minutes.
>
> To self-test your MHR, start by making
> an estimate. Subtract your age from
> 226 if you are female or 220 if you
> are male. After you warm up, run hard
> enough to raise your heart rate to 40
> beats per minute below your estimated
> MHR. For most people this takes about
> a minute. For the next three minutes,
> increase your pace so your heart rate
> goes up 10 beats per minute. At this
> point you'll be at 10 beats per minute
> less than your estimated MHR. For the
> final, or fifth, minute, run all out.
> Your heart rate at the end of the
> fifth minute is your maximum heart
> rate.
>
>
>
This example test was taken from **[LiveStrong](http://www.livestrong.com/article/338405-treadmill-maximum-heart-rate-test/)**, however, there are many other examples that could be used. [This one](http://www.training2run.com/html/mhr_test.html) increases both speed and incline. |
57,289 | Why notes are grouped in the way they are, as opposed so being written as a consecutive array of notes. Wouldn't that be easier to read? What if I have a bunch of notes like these, why are they grouped in this way?
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/CI5Bk.png) | 2017/05/09 | [
"https://music.stackexchange.com/questions/57289",
"https://music.stackexchange.com",
"https://music.stackexchange.com/users/37917/"
] | The notes are grouped so that larger units of rhythms are clearly communicated. In your example, the larger units of rhythm is the 4-4 rhythm. And this helps the musician significantly in interpreting the passage and judging upon performance of said passage whether or not they have played it well enough.
Clear communication and mnemonics are very important for musicians in learning new pieces of music quickly. | They are grouped into beats.
In your example the time signature is 4/4 which means 4 beats where a quarter note equals one beat. So notes smaller than a quarter note are grouped into quarter note groups.
This visual grouping helps you place the rhythms in relation to the quarter note pulse that you are hearing and feeling. |
57,289 | Why notes are grouped in the way they are, as opposed so being written as a consecutive array of notes. Wouldn't that be easier to read? What if I have a bunch of notes like these, why are they grouped in this way?
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/CI5Bk.png) | 2017/05/09 | [
"https://music.stackexchange.com/questions/57289",
"https://music.stackexchange.com",
"https://music.stackexchange.com/users/37917/"
] | The notes are grouped so that larger units of rhythms are clearly communicated. In your example, the larger units of rhythm is the 4-4 rhythm. And this helps the musician significantly in interpreting the passage and judging upon performance of said passage whether or not they have played it well enough.
Clear communication and mnemonics are very important for musicians in learning new pieces of music quickly. | Vocal music was traditionally beamed per-syllable, not per-beat. No longer, I'm glad to say! I have a theory that this may have contributed to vocalists' notorious tendency to sing 'note to note' rather than rhythmically :-)
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ngXSF.png)
Notes should be grouped to show the pulse of the music. Usually in a straightforward per-beat way. (Example A). Sometimes 'across the beat' is permissable to indicate syncopated phrasing (Example B). (And no, a bar of 12/8 plus one of 2/4 would be quite different). But you'd need a VERY good reason for example C. Because it's hard to read.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/JTqJy.png) |
57,289 | Why notes are grouped in the way they are, as opposed so being written as a consecutive array of notes. Wouldn't that be easier to read? What if I have a bunch of notes like these, why are they grouped in this way?
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/CI5Bk.png) | 2017/05/09 | [
"https://music.stackexchange.com/questions/57289",
"https://music.stackexchange.com",
"https://music.stackexchange.com/users/37917/"
] | Because one needs to be able to read the beat:
1-2-3-4
Can you tell me where the third beat starts in the first example, right away - at sight? It's somewhere in that mess - it's awkward to see
and there is theory to beats such as syncopation, upbeat, downbeat, accenting, rests/silence and mood/feel and the syntax of music reflect those | They are grouped into beats.
In your example the time signature is 4/4 which means 4 beats where a quarter note equals one beat. So notes smaller than a quarter note are grouped into quarter note groups.
This visual grouping helps you place the rhythms in relation to the quarter note pulse that you are hearing and feeling. |
57,289 | Why notes are grouped in the way they are, as opposed so being written as a consecutive array of notes. Wouldn't that be easier to read? What if I have a bunch of notes like these, why are they grouped in this way?
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/CI5Bk.png) | 2017/05/09 | [
"https://music.stackexchange.com/questions/57289",
"https://music.stackexchange.com",
"https://music.stackexchange.com/users/37917/"
] | They are grouped into beats.
In your example the time signature is 4/4 which means 4 beats where a quarter note equals one beat. So notes smaller than a quarter note are grouped into quarter note groups.
This visual grouping helps you place the rhythms in relation to the quarter note pulse that you are hearing and feeling. | Vocal music was traditionally beamed per-syllable, not per-beat. No longer, I'm glad to say! I have a theory that this may have contributed to vocalists' notorious tendency to sing 'note to note' rather than rhythmically :-)
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ngXSF.png)
Notes should be grouped to show the pulse of the music. Usually in a straightforward per-beat way. (Example A). Sometimes 'across the beat' is permissable to indicate syncopated phrasing (Example B). (And no, a bar of 12/8 plus one of 2/4 would be quite different). But you'd need a VERY good reason for example C. Because it's hard to read.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/JTqJy.png) |
57,289 | Why notes are grouped in the way they are, as opposed so being written as a consecutive array of notes. Wouldn't that be easier to read? What if I have a bunch of notes like these, why are they grouped in this way?
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/CI5Bk.png) | 2017/05/09 | [
"https://music.stackexchange.com/questions/57289",
"https://music.stackexchange.com",
"https://music.stackexchange.com/users/37917/"
] | Because one needs to be able to read the beat:
1-2-3-4
Can you tell me where the third beat starts in the first example, right away - at sight? It's somewhere in that mess - it's awkward to see
and there is theory to beats such as syncopation, upbeat, downbeat, accenting, rests/silence and mood/feel and the syntax of music reflect those | Vocal music was traditionally beamed per-syllable, not per-beat. No longer, I'm glad to say! I have a theory that this may have contributed to vocalists' notorious tendency to sing 'note to note' rather than rhythmically :-)
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ngXSF.png)
Notes should be grouped to show the pulse of the music. Usually in a straightforward per-beat way. (Example A). Sometimes 'across the beat' is permissable to indicate syncopated phrasing (Example B). (And no, a bar of 12/8 plus one of 2/4 would be quite different). But you'd need a VERY good reason for example C. Because it's hard to read.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/JTqJy.png) |
15,230,328 | I'm not sure why I never noticed this before but when I "Get Latest" from TFS, the date and time on the files in my local working folder are set to the current date and time. This applies to the Created and Modified dates, even if no changes have been made (as I just did "Get Latest", nothing more).
Should I be concerned about the dates and times of the files not reflecting the true date and time the file was created and subsequently modified? I have the revision history in TFS so I'm not overly concerned but I gotta admit this feels wrong. Everything *technically* works but I want to know what's going on. | 2013/03/05 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/15230328",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/98215/"
] | As you note, the default behavior in Team Foundation Server is to write file times to the "current" time (when you retrieved the file.) This is the default behavior of most version control tools and generally considered safe.
Setting time to the remote time can have negative consequences in many scenarios. For example, `make` will scan for files newer than the last build time. Setting file times to the server's time can impact the ability to determine which files have changed since the last build.
However, if you do prefer this behavior and are using at least TFS 2012 and Visual Studio 2012, you can enable it on a per-Workspace basis by setting "File Time" to "Checkin":
Additional details [from Microsoft](https://www.visualstudio.com/en-us/docs/tfvc/create-work-workspaces#q-how-do-i-choose-advanced-workspace-options):
>
> **File Time:**
>
>
> * Choose **Checkin** if you want the date and time stamp of each file to generally match the stamp of the changeset of the version in your
> workspace. A few issues and exceptions are:
>
>
> + When you modify the local file, the date and time stamp will match the date and time when you modified the file.
> + This feature is available only if you are using Visual Studio 2012 or later and Visual Studio Team Foundation Server 2012 or later.
> + The setting does not apply to folders, unless there is a pending add or delete operation to a file contained by the folder.
> + You might not be able to build your code project incrementally. Instead, you will have to rebuild).
> * Choose **Current** if you want the date and time stamp to match the date and time when you last modified the local file. For example, a
> team member checked in the latest change to the file on Monday. On
> Tuesday, you perform a get operation to update the file. The date and
> time stamp is set to Tuesday.
>
>
> | As mentioned, that is the default behavior of TFS. It's the fist version control system I've used where that is the default setting. The problem with using current time for files when a developer gets latest, is that you can only tell if you have the latest version by doing a file compare on each file. Three different developers on the same project will have 3 different date time values for the same version of a file. Either way, always do a project clean before creating builds. Why? Because you might have tweaked a file or two, then after testing, reverted to the latest checked-in version. In my experience it's always better to use the checked-in time. |
15,230,328 | I'm not sure why I never noticed this before but when I "Get Latest" from TFS, the date and time on the files in my local working folder are set to the current date and time. This applies to the Created and Modified dates, even if no changes have been made (as I just did "Get Latest", nothing more).
Should I be concerned about the dates and times of the files not reflecting the true date and time the file was created and subsequently modified? I have the revision history in TFS so I'm not overly concerned but I gotta admit this feels wrong. Everything *technically* works but I want to know what's going on. | 2013/03/05 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/15230328",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/98215/"
] | As you note, the default behavior in Team Foundation Server is to write file times to the "current" time (when you retrieved the file.) This is the default behavior of most version control tools and generally considered safe.
Setting time to the remote time can have negative consequences in many scenarios. For example, `make` will scan for files newer than the last build time. Setting file times to the server's time can impact the ability to determine which files have changed since the last build.
However, if you do prefer this behavior and are using at least TFS 2012 and Visual Studio 2012, you can enable it on a per-Workspace basis by setting "File Time" to "Checkin":
Additional details [from Microsoft](https://www.visualstudio.com/en-us/docs/tfvc/create-work-workspaces#q-how-do-i-choose-advanced-workspace-options):
>
> **File Time:**
>
>
> * Choose **Checkin** if you want the date and time stamp of each file to generally match the stamp of the changeset of the version in your
> workspace. A few issues and exceptions are:
>
>
> + When you modify the local file, the date and time stamp will match the date and time when you modified the file.
> + This feature is available only if you are using Visual Studio 2012 or later and Visual Studio Team Foundation Server 2012 or later.
> + The setting does not apply to folders, unless there is a pending add or delete operation to a file contained by the folder.
> + You might not be able to build your code project incrementally. Instead, you will have to rebuild).
> * Choose **Current** if you want the date and time stamp to match the date and time when you last modified the local file. For example, a
> team member checked in the latest change to the file on Monday. On
> Tuesday, you perform a get operation to update the file. The date and
> time stamp is set to Tuesday.
>
>
> | TFS should not modify original File attributes in Source Control processing. Its build features should use their own properties to control latest checked in versions and for build control.
Getting files from TFS should place the original file back down on a system with their original properties unmodified. TFS is broken by hijacking the original file's properties for its own purposes. The original Microsoft VSS tool provided this option - shame on the TFS team. |
5,635,915 | This has been asked [before](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/113547/iphone-development-on-windows), I know, but the answers are a bit dated.
I think I've read somewhere that the Snow Leopard EULA has changed and that you now are allowed to install the OS on a Virtual Machine of some sort.
I know I should buy a Mac and I might do so, but I want to try Objective-C in practice before I do that.
I want to develop an application for iPhone, but if the IDE is as nasty as they say I might skip it altogether. I just want to have a look at it first.
**So, is it possible do install what you need to develop iPhone apps on a Windows based machine as host?** | 2011/04/12 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/5635915",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/444118/"
] | Yes. You can run OSX in a VM. I use MonoTouch and Visual Studio to write my applications in C# with a shared directory between the two. Write code in VS, build and debug on OSX within the simulator. It would also work with Objective-C if that's the path you take. If you're not a Mac Guy I would recommend MonoTouch though, it makes development MUCH faster. | Yes , it is possible to run OSX snow leopard on your PC.
I recommend that only for evaluation purposes (if you dont have access to mac development machines, friends/family/etc.).
Your shopping list would include:
1. a **legit** copy of snow leopard.
2. your choice of virtual machine (in my opinion , virtualbox is great, altough it doesnt support widescreen at the moment).
3. some guide for combining the above (google is your friend).
4. you will eventually need some drivers for your pc peripherals (sound card , usb etc).
I would start the research from step 3..
Once you're done , you will see that you need a very fast pc to develop, as Waiting for the apps to compile could be frustrating at times.
I tried to install OSX on my pc just for **evaluation** purposes , getting to know the SDK and the OS before I buy a machine. Actually waiting for the new series of MacBook Airs to buy one.. |
4,763 | Are there any verses in the Bible besides [1 Thessalonians 4:17](http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1%20thessalonians%204:17&version=NIV) that support the doctrine of the rapture? | 2011/11/30 | [
"https://christianity.stackexchange.com/questions/4763",
"https://christianity.stackexchange.com",
"https://christianity.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | There's also [Matthew 24:40-42](http://www.usccb.org/bible/mt/24:40)
>
> Two men will be out in the field; one will be taken, and one will be left. Two women will be grinding at the mill; one will be taken, and one will be left. Therefore, stay awake! For you do not know on which day your Lord will come.
>
>
>
and it's friend [Luke 17:34-35](http://www.usccb.org/bible/lk/17:34)
>
> I tell you, on that night there will be two people in one bed; one will be taken, the other left. And there will be two women grinding meal together; one will be taken, the other left.”
>
>
>
so long as you leave off the next verse
>
> They said to him in reply, “Where, Lord?” He said to them, “Where the body is, there also the vultures will gather.”
>
>
>
Which rapture folks might be likely to do.
It kind of leaves you thinking that the lucky one is the one who is left, not the one who was taken and eaten by a vulture. If this were pointing to a rapture, the one who was left would be the one eaten by a vulture. | Matthew 13:30 and the book of Joel. Search for the word harvest in the Bible. Many references to harvest in the Bible are referring to the separation of weeds and the wheat which represents the difference between the unsaved and the saved during the Lord's Day. |
4,763 | Are there any verses in the Bible besides [1 Thessalonians 4:17](http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1%20thessalonians%204:17&version=NIV) that support the doctrine of the rapture? | 2011/11/30 | [
"https://christianity.stackexchange.com/questions/4763",
"https://christianity.stackexchange.com",
"https://christianity.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | There's also [Matthew 24:40-42](http://www.usccb.org/bible/mt/24:40)
>
> Two men will be out in the field; one will be taken, and one will be left. Two women will be grinding at the mill; one will be taken, and one will be left. Therefore, stay awake! For you do not know on which day your Lord will come.
>
>
>
and it's friend [Luke 17:34-35](http://www.usccb.org/bible/lk/17:34)
>
> I tell you, on that night there will be two people in one bed; one will be taken, the other left. And there will be two women grinding meal together; one will be taken, the other left.”
>
>
>
so long as you leave off the next verse
>
> They said to him in reply, “Where, Lord?” He said to them, “Where the body is, there also the vultures will gather.”
>
>
>
Which rapture folks might be likely to do.
It kind of leaves you thinking that the lucky one is the one who is left, not the one who was taken and eaten by a vulture. If this were pointing to a rapture, the one who was left would be the one eaten by a vulture. | I have yet to find a difference in events that take place in 1 Thess. 4:17 and events that other scripture speaks of when referring to Christ's 2nd coming (as in Matt. 24) (if anyone can point any differences out, please do), so I'm not certain about that verse.
However, I think that this verse might:
>
> 34 But take heed to yourselves and be on your guard, lest your hearts be overburdened and depressed (weighed down) with the giddiness and headache and nausea of self-indulgence, drunkenness, and worldly worries and cares pertaining to [the business of] this life, and [lest] that day come upon you suddenly like a trap or a noose;
>
> 35 For it will come upon all who live upon the face of the entire earth.
>
> 36 Keep awake then and watch at all times [be discreet, attentive, and ready], praying that you may have the full strength and ability and be accounted worthy to escape all these things [taken together] that will take place, and to stand in the presence of the Son of Man.
>
> [Luke 21:34-36](http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=luke%2021:34-36&version=AMP) (Amp)
>
>
>
Jesus tells us this after telling us about end-times 7 year tribulation events. I would say He could've meant to have the strength to escape the desolation of Jerusalem, but what He says to escape from is coming upon on the entire earth. Perhaps by strength, He means the strength to endure our sinful carnal urges (as in Rev. 3:10).
"[Be careful because that day will come upon you like a trap, for it will come upon the entire earth.]" We will/would be trapped with nowhere to escape to..except into His presence.
Another verse that might speak of rapture:
>
> Since you have kept my command to endure patiently, I will also keep you from the hour of trial that is going to come on the whole world to test the inhabitants of the earth.
>
> [Revelation 3:10](http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=revelation%203:10&version=NIV)
>
>
> |
408,217 | After googling a bit there is no definite answer of whether Visual Studio 2008 uses svcutil.exe or not? Visual Studio 2005 did use it, but do the RTM versions of Visual Studio 2008 use svcutil? A few blogs say it doesn't (and make it seem surprising)
* [SVCUtil & VS2008](https://web.archive.org/web/20120103021621/http://blog.donnfelker.com:80/2008/12/02/svcutil-vs2008/)
* [Equivalent svcutil.exe command for VS2008 Add Service Reference](https://web.archive.org/web/20200114134417/http://geekswithblogs.net:80/DavidBarrett/archive/2008/06/30/equivalent-svcutil.exe-command-for-vs2008-add-service-reference.aspx)
* [SVCUtil Generating WCF client and the is field specified issue](https://web.archive.org/web/20110908050720/http://blogs.microsoft.co.il:80/blogs/oshvartz/archive/2008/09/06/svcutil-generating-wcf-client-and-the-is-field-specified-issue.aspx)
and other sites say it does.
The reason I'm asking is we are flattening our WCF wsdl with a custom endpoint behavior extension (an implementation of IWsdlExportExtension/IEndpointBehavior) and using the flattened wsdl via Visual Studio 2008's Add Reference gives us compile errors as it is duplicating Types/Classes. The reference is added without any errors. SvcUtil, on the other hand, throws the duplicate class into a seperate namespace which fixes the build issue.
So SvcUtil works, but Visual Studio 2008 doesn't on some of our flatten wsdls. We are fine with continueing to use svcutil if the Add Service Reference in Visual Studio doesn't work, but are wondering if anyone knows if there are any implications in doing so. I couldn't find any evidence that we "shouldn't" be using svcutil, just that it isn't as easy as using the Add Service Reference in Visual Studio 2008. | 2009/01/02 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/408217",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/49861/"
] | svcutil and VS2008 ultimately call into the same bit of WCF code. Whether it uses the actual exe or calls into a dll is a minor detail. If anything, I prefer the command line tool, as it allows more flexibility (or maybe I just like command line ;-p).
Note that WCF can re-use existing types, both via the IDE and from the command-line (/r?). But this type of namespace issue is just one of many things I prefer about using the command-line version. | I would rather say Visual Studio 2008 is not using svcutil.exe.
Well, at least not directly.
I've used Process Monitor to see what applications are executed on my machine while adding a new service reference to my project and could not find "svcutil" in the log. |
408,217 | After googling a bit there is no definite answer of whether Visual Studio 2008 uses svcutil.exe or not? Visual Studio 2005 did use it, but do the RTM versions of Visual Studio 2008 use svcutil? A few blogs say it doesn't (and make it seem surprising)
* [SVCUtil & VS2008](https://web.archive.org/web/20120103021621/http://blog.donnfelker.com:80/2008/12/02/svcutil-vs2008/)
* [Equivalent svcutil.exe command for VS2008 Add Service Reference](https://web.archive.org/web/20200114134417/http://geekswithblogs.net:80/DavidBarrett/archive/2008/06/30/equivalent-svcutil.exe-command-for-vs2008-add-service-reference.aspx)
* [SVCUtil Generating WCF client and the is field specified issue](https://web.archive.org/web/20110908050720/http://blogs.microsoft.co.il:80/blogs/oshvartz/archive/2008/09/06/svcutil-generating-wcf-client-and-the-is-field-specified-issue.aspx)
and other sites say it does.
The reason I'm asking is we are flattening our WCF wsdl with a custom endpoint behavior extension (an implementation of IWsdlExportExtension/IEndpointBehavior) and using the flattened wsdl via Visual Studio 2008's Add Reference gives us compile errors as it is duplicating Types/Classes. The reference is added without any errors. SvcUtil, on the other hand, throws the duplicate class into a seperate namespace which fixes the build issue.
So SvcUtil works, but Visual Studio 2008 doesn't on some of our flatten wsdls. We are fine with continueing to use svcutil if the Add Service Reference in Visual Studio doesn't work, but are wondering if anyone knows if there are any implications in doing so. I couldn't find any evidence that we "shouldn't" be using svcutil, just that it isn't as easy as using the Add Service Reference in Visual Studio 2008. | 2009/01/02 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/408217",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/49861/"
] | I've never seen any reason to believe that Visual Studio calls svcutil.exe, or wsdl.exe. In both cases, the console applications and Visual Studio use the same .NET Framework code to do their work.
Consider that some errors that occur during an "Add Service Reference" command show up in the Visual Studio "Errors" window, and not in the Output window. It is necessary to call a Visual Studio API to put messages in the Errors window, which svcutil.exe could not do. | I would rather say Visual Studio 2008 is not using svcutil.exe.
Well, at least not directly.
I've used Process Monitor to see what applications are executed on my machine while adding a new service reference to my project and could not find "svcutil" in the log. |
408,217 | After googling a bit there is no definite answer of whether Visual Studio 2008 uses svcutil.exe or not? Visual Studio 2005 did use it, but do the RTM versions of Visual Studio 2008 use svcutil? A few blogs say it doesn't (and make it seem surprising)
* [SVCUtil & VS2008](https://web.archive.org/web/20120103021621/http://blog.donnfelker.com:80/2008/12/02/svcutil-vs2008/)
* [Equivalent svcutil.exe command for VS2008 Add Service Reference](https://web.archive.org/web/20200114134417/http://geekswithblogs.net:80/DavidBarrett/archive/2008/06/30/equivalent-svcutil.exe-command-for-vs2008-add-service-reference.aspx)
* [SVCUtil Generating WCF client and the is field specified issue](https://web.archive.org/web/20110908050720/http://blogs.microsoft.co.il:80/blogs/oshvartz/archive/2008/09/06/svcutil-generating-wcf-client-and-the-is-field-specified-issue.aspx)
and other sites say it does.
The reason I'm asking is we are flattening our WCF wsdl with a custom endpoint behavior extension (an implementation of IWsdlExportExtension/IEndpointBehavior) and using the flattened wsdl via Visual Studio 2008's Add Reference gives us compile errors as it is duplicating Types/Classes. The reference is added without any errors. SvcUtil, on the other hand, throws the duplicate class into a seperate namespace which fixes the build issue.
So SvcUtil works, but Visual Studio 2008 doesn't on some of our flatten wsdls. We are fine with continueing to use svcutil if the Add Service Reference in Visual Studio doesn't work, but are wondering if anyone knows if there are any implications in doing so. I couldn't find any evidence that we "shouldn't" be using svcutil, just that it isn't as easy as using the Add Service Reference in Visual Studio 2008. | 2009/01/02 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/408217",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/49861/"
] | svcutil and VS2008 ultimately call into the same bit of WCF code. Whether it uses the actual exe or calls into a dll is a minor detail. If anything, I prefer the command line tool, as it allows more flexibility (or maybe I just like command line ;-p).
Note that WCF can re-use existing types, both via the IDE and from the command-line (/r?). But this type of namespace issue is just one of many things I prefer about using the command-line version. | I've never seen any reason to believe that Visual Studio calls svcutil.exe, or wsdl.exe. In both cases, the console applications and Visual Studio use the same .NET Framework code to do their work.
Consider that some errors that occur during an "Add Service Reference" command show up in the Visual Studio "Errors" window, and not in the Output window. It is necessary to call a Visual Studio API to put messages in the Errors window, which svcutil.exe could not do. |
58,753 | Like say if i build Wriggles, 2 Bloodthirsters, and 2 Phantom Dancers. would that be a viable build compared to the meta IE, PD, all of that nonsense? just curious as to how much of the game you can change without it affecting you at all. | 2012/03/25 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/58753",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/22334/"
] | That Build wouldn't be viable in classic nor would any pure lifesteal build. Add an infinity edge, boots, atma's and get rid of a bloodthirter and a phantom dancer and you can be much more viable with that build. Final Build(Phantom, Infinity, Bloodthirster, Atma's, Boots,wriggles). This varies of course by character but adding armor/magic resist instead of one of those items can help too. | Well...I believe because for example if they build armor, Last Whisperer will make you scary. Guardian Angel or Banshee's is your defensive item. Lifesteal will not save your from everything. The extra damage from I.E makes you scary.
Not sure but yeah that's what I think. |
891,055 | I realise this may just be speculation, but I'd appreciate comments from anyone who has some insight into this.
Something like MS Word COM add-in, or an OO bridge, or a custom implementation.
The reason I want to know is that I want to provide basic online document editing (really basic, basically just rich text at this point) for a php web app. I'm guess I will store the markup in html format then convert to rtf/doc etc for user convenience. | 2009/05/21 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/891055",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/40017/"
] | The Apache POI project (written in Java) offers an interface to many file types from the MS Office suite.
You can run the Java code from within PHP using the PHP/Java bridge.
I used this once for an application where MS Word documents had to be indexed in a web application. I remember that setting everything up was quite a hassle, but then it worked very well and reasonably fast. (Unfortunately, the code was written in PHP4 and I don't own it, so I cannot help you out with any snippets here.)
P.S. I cannot post links since I'm a new user, so google for "Apache POI" and "PHP/Java bridge" to get to the respective project's homepage. | [This class](http://www.phpclasses.org/browse/package/388.html) might help you. I've never used it but here are some links:
* [Reading from a Word Document with COM in PHP](http://drewd.com/2007/01/25/reading-from-a-word-document-with-com-in-php)
* [create a word document](http://www.programmershelp.co.uk/phpcreateword.php)
* [Create Word Document using PHP in Linux](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/124959/create-word-document-using-php-in-linux) |
891,055 | I realise this may just be speculation, but I'd appreciate comments from anyone who has some insight into this.
Something like MS Word COM add-in, or an OO bridge, or a custom implementation.
The reason I want to know is that I want to provide basic online document editing (really basic, basically just rich text at this point) for a php web app. I'm guess I will store the markup in html format then convert to rtf/doc etc for user convenience. | 2009/05/21 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/891055",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/40017/"
] | The Apache POI project (written in Java) offers an interface to many file types from the MS Office suite.
You can run the Java code from within PHP using the PHP/Java bridge.
I used this once for an application where MS Word documents had to be indexed in a web application. I remember that setting everything up was quite a hassle, but then it worked very well and reasonably fast. (Unfortunately, the code was written in PHP4 and I don't own it, so I cannot help you out with any snippets here.)
P.S. I cannot post links since I'm a new user, so google for "Apache POI" and "PHP/Java bridge" to get to the respective project's homepage. | They have probably written their own, maybe starting from [wvWare](http://wvware.sourceforge.net/) or something similar. I have noticed that Google Desktop on Linux seems to use wvWare to parse MS Word documents.
The documentation for the Word file formats is available, but reading through it makes you realize that it would not be an easy task.
Automating Word or OpenOffice would be the easiest, but there might be licensing issues with using Word like that, and possible concurrency issues with using either of them on a web server. |
891,055 | I realise this may just be speculation, but I'd appreciate comments from anyone who has some insight into this.
Something like MS Word COM add-in, or an OO bridge, or a custom implementation.
The reason I want to know is that I want to provide basic online document editing (really basic, basically just rich text at this point) for a php web app. I'm guess I will store the markup in html format then convert to rtf/doc etc for user convenience. | 2009/05/21 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/891055",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/40017/"
] | The Apache POI project (written in Java) offers an interface to many file types from the MS Office suite.
You can run the Java code from within PHP using the PHP/Java bridge.
I used this once for an application where MS Word documents had to be indexed in a web application. I remember that setting everything up was quite a hassle, but then it worked very well and reasonably fast. (Unfortunately, the code was written in PHP4 and I don't own it, so I cannot help you out with any snippets here.)
P.S. I cannot post links since I'm a new user, so google for "Apache POI" and "PHP/Java bridge" to get to the respective project's homepage. | A popular way to do it is to generate RTF with the file extension .doc. It works fine with Word and other editors, and users remain happy that it is "a DOC file" |
32,390,823 | Is it possible to configure dynamic SSL certificate path in nginx same as like dynamic virtual host.
ssl\_certificate and ssl\_certificate\_key are not accepting the variables in nginx.
Thanks | 2015/09/04 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/32390823",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/5299388/"
] | Unfortunately, it's not possible because nginx needs to load the whole SSL server configuration at start time.
Source: <https://t37.net/the-good-the-bad-and-the-ugly-of-virtual-hosting-with-nginx.html> | You can load them dynamically by using lua.
You need to figure out how you want to map and fetch them though.
Here is an example of loading them from a database:
<https://github.com/Vestorly/nginx-dynamic-ssl/blob/master/conf/nginx.conf> |
32,390,823 | Is it possible to configure dynamic SSL certificate path in nginx same as like dynamic virtual host.
ssl\_certificate and ssl\_certificate\_key are not accepting the variables in nginx.
Thanks | 2015/09/04 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/32390823",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/5299388/"
] | Unfortunately, it's not possible because nginx needs to load the whole SSL server configuration at start time.
Source: <https://t37.net/the-good-the-bad-and-the-ugly-of-virtual-hosting-with-nginx.html> | Since Nginx version **1.15.9** variables are supported in "ssl\_certificate" and "ssl\_certificate\_key" directives. |
32,390,823 | Is it possible to configure dynamic SSL certificate path in nginx same as like dynamic virtual host.
ssl\_certificate and ssl\_certificate\_key are not accepting the variables in nginx.
Thanks | 2015/09/04 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/32390823",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/5299388/"
] | Unfortunately, it's not possible because nginx needs to load the whole SSL server configuration at start time.
Source: <https://t37.net/the-good-the-bad-and-the-ugly-of-virtual-hosting-with-nginx.html> | You can refer shared video to make it happen.
Here you can pass dynamic variable with ssl param in nginx.conf.
<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aeLE988jmlo>
Variable is $ssl\_server\_name.
Store your SSL certificate with name of domain name.
ex. example.com.cert |
32,390,823 | Is it possible to configure dynamic SSL certificate path in nginx same as like dynamic virtual host.
ssl\_certificate and ssl\_certificate\_key are not accepting the variables in nginx.
Thanks | 2015/09/04 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/32390823",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/5299388/"
] | Since Nginx version **1.15.9** variables are supported in "ssl\_certificate" and "ssl\_certificate\_key" directives. | You can load them dynamically by using lua.
You need to figure out how you want to map and fetch them though.
Here is an example of loading them from a database:
<https://github.com/Vestorly/nginx-dynamic-ssl/blob/master/conf/nginx.conf> |
32,390,823 | Is it possible to configure dynamic SSL certificate path in nginx same as like dynamic virtual host.
ssl\_certificate and ssl\_certificate\_key are not accepting the variables in nginx.
Thanks | 2015/09/04 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/32390823",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/5299388/"
] | You can load them dynamically by using lua.
You need to figure out how you want to map and fetch them though.
Here is an example of loading them from a database:
<https://github.com/Vestorly/nginx-dynamic-ssl/blob/master/conf/nginx.conf> | You can refer shared video to make it happen.
Here you can pass dynamic variable with ssl param in nginx.conf.
<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aeLE988jmlo>
Variable is $ssl\_server\_name.
Store your SSL certificate with name of domain name.
ex. example.com.cert |
32,390,823 | Is it possible to configure dynamic SSL certificate path in nginx same as like dynamic virtual host.
ssl\_certificate and ssl\_certificate\_key are not accepting the variables in nginx.
Thanks | 2015/09/04 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/32390823",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/5299388/"
] | Since Nginx version **1.15.9** variables are supported in "ssl\_certificate" and "ssl\_certificate\_key" directives. | You can refer shared video to make it happen.
Here you can pass dynamic variable with ssl param in nginx.conf.
<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aeLE988jmlo>
Variable is $ssl\_server\_name.
Store your SSL certificate with name of domain name.
ex. example.com.cert |
54,639 | Can anybody identify this WW1 or earlier plane? This tri-wing plane has two engines, most others I have googled have only one.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/iPsr8.jpg) | 2018/08/27 | [
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/54639",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/users/33979/"
] | Gianni Caprioni's 1918 Ca 4 triplane bomber, shown here with Caprioni and three companion aircraft. It has a twin boom tail and a pusher prop in the center pod, so it is a triengine triplane.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/DeHzT.jpg)
[source](https://www.elsevier.com/connect/exploring-world-war-i-through-the-lens-of-a-historic-journal) | Probably a [Caproni Ca.42](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caproni_Ca.4). Six were acquired by the RNAS, which became the RAF in April 1918. (A service number of 2xxxxx indicates a man who transferred in from the RNAS, incidentally, so this fits.)
The squadron which operated these, after renumbering, was No. 227 RAF; [WP suggests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_wings_of_the_Royal_Air_Force) this was part of 67 Wing, though I can't find a clear source for this elsewhere. |
38,801,405 | I have a system-versioned table in sql server 2016. I want to store Modifier ID in its temporal (history) table while users are performing **delete** or **update** action on the table.
Is there any **built-in** solution by sql server 2016 to do that? | 2016/08/06 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/38801405",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/4985468/"
] | Try 16.06 from downloads archive <https://www.process-one.net/en/ejabberd/archive/> It solved my issue on Centos. | You can use default admin and password to get the access of web portal.
Username: admin@yourpcname
Password:admin |
455,019 | I'm running Win 7 home edition. I have turned off automatic updates. But today I just opened Windows Movie Maker and after sometime I got a message saying windows live updates are ready to be installed. I clicked yes and WMM, Live Messenger, Live Mail and everything got updated.
How do I turn off this Windows Live automatic updates? | 2012/07/29 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/455019",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/140545/"
] | A similar discussion on Technet for this similar problem:
<http://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/en/w7itprogeneral/thread/1d862bbc-5e29-415e-8ef1-d662cd96d5fd>
Suggested remedy in that thread is:
>
> To disable the option “Show me detailed notifications when new Microsoft software is available”. In the meantime, you could delete files in the folder (C:\Windows\SoftwareDistribution\Download), for the update patches are located in it.
> Since the update patch has been downloaded, if the issue persists, you may update first and uninstall the update patch.(control panel->Programs and Features->view installed update).
> Windows 7 - Windows Update - Enable or Disable Access
>
>
>
It seems that Windows Live apps update can't be turned off from the Windows update which you have already done. You may have to check in the individual windows live programs if there is some option that could disable update prompts. | Installing Movie Maker turns on Windows Update automatically without telling you. As a result at 3AM after installing Movie Maker I got about 50 updates shoved down my throat and the PC rebooted itself. So if you don't want Windows Update, turn it off after installing Movie Maker. We'll see if just using Movie Maker will turn Windows Update back on (so far it hasn't). |
138,621 | I'm my sci-fi setting's history, various hominid species are in competition with each other for dominance of earth and its resources. Among these races are "Halflings" ... okay, not haflings *per se*, but rather like Homo *florensis* with an upgrade, namely human level intelligence (or H. Sapiens with an advanced case of insular dwarfism). The primary trait of these "Halflings" is a very small stature, standing but 0.9 - 1.1 meters tall. Now, this is small, *very small*, though it may give them some advantages (for example they would be but ~33% the mass of humans and thus they could have thrice the population density in the same amount of land).
There is a long and attested history of anthropologically smaller peoples being dominated by larger ones. Since they are so small, I see no reason why man i. e. homo sapiens (and in this world, his fellows) would not immediately steamroll over any population of halflings they encounter. So I have opted to include some unique biological quirks that might give them the edge over H. sapiens. At present, they have at least the following traits:
* a height of 90 ~ 110 cm (the stature [and possibly strength] of a 5 year old)
* a physical maturity age of 9 ~ 10 (though a mental maturity age in the mid teens)
* the intelligence of an average human
* (at minimum) average human lifespan
Ideally these Halfling become a problem and serious rival to humanity in the future, but I don't see a group race of homonids the size of 5 year olds standing a chance against *any* human population, much less seriously challenging them. So, sticking to that which is in the realm of evolutionary possibility (700,000 ish years of evolution).
**What biological traits could I realistically endow the Halflings with to give them *at least* a fighting change against humans?** | 2019/02/07 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/138621",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/61034/"
] | Masters of the Jungle
---------------------
Your halflings are well adapted to life in the jungle. Their small frame makes it easy to maneuver through dense foliage and their low weight makes it easy to support themselves on branches. They are not as weak as a human child. In fact they are surprisingly strong for their size. Smaller creatures often have more strength than larger creatures pound for pound and these people will have evolved through millennia of lifting their body weight with their arms to get up trees.
Hidden Treetop Villages
-----------------------
Due to their natural inclination for their tree based habitat they went on to primarily build in and around large trees, forming villages that aren't readily visible from ground-level. Any humans who do venture into their jungle will be hard pressed to locate their population centers and even harder pressed to actually attack them. Humans are too big and heavy to fight them in the branches and trying to light the place on fire will be difficult due to the fresh, often wet foliage. Not to mention dangerous to the humans themselves.
Resistance to Disease and Parasites
-----------------------------------
There are a wide variety of things in jungles that can kill humans, and the vast majority of them are microbial. Halflings, however? They have an immunity to most of the jungle bacteria and know how to heal the bites of various snakes and spiders with local herbs. Humans who try to set up settlements in this jungle quickly find themselves at the mercy of the halflings' medical knowledge, and the halflings aren't sharing.
Small Frame means Hard to Hit
-----------------------------
Halflings don't engage humans on the ground when they fight. Instead they hide in the trees with their blowguns, bows, and throwing spears and pepper enemy armies from above. Usually in combination of complex traps or by exploiting natural sinkholes or shallow swamps to ambush them. Because the humans can't climb up the trees after them the humans are forced into a ranged engagement where the halflings have the advantage in being harder to hit. Humans also lose their advantage of heavy armor in the jungle. At least if they don't fancy getting stuck in wet mud or drowning.
Poison Everything
-----------------
The halflings have a long history of coating their arrows and darts with poison or even just feces. Even minor cuts delivered from their weapons can kill the man struck by them after weeks of vomiting, diarrhea, and dehydration. Worse is that the halflings have made it a habit of sneaking into human camps at night and poisoning their drinking water or stealing their food.
Risk vs Reward
--------------
In the end invading the jungle full force just isn't profitable. The halflings are too entrenched and too skilled at the sort of warfare the jungle encourages while humans stepping into that land may as well be entering another world. The loss of soldiers through the sheer attrition of disease and poison builds up quickly. So does the cost in horses, weapons, armor, and resources to make camp. Eventually it becomes too expensive to continuously mount expeditions of war into the jungle and humanity mostly stops save for the occasional rich explorer.
This gives time for technology to advance. If the halflings advance at a similar pace the humans may never be able to close the gap in military power that the jungle provides the halflings, allowing both to survive until whatever time period your story is set in. | **1. Craftsmen and Builders**
-----------------------------
It is often a common trait in most Fantasy novels, for "halflings" to be weak and have an average intelligence however, at the same time they have the **ability to craft objects such as weapons and high quality goods at a far superior rate than any other species.** This will provide them with a sustainable economic system which allows them to dominate other species with the wealth that they are able to accumulate.
This will allow them to both manipulate other species social systems and provide for their own defense by crafting effective weaponry at the same time.
**2. Tunnelers**
----------------
An added trait in order to ensure that the "halflings" are competitive with the dominate species, is the ability to tunnel and dig, therefore they will be **more adapt at getting resources than their competitors.**
Futhermore, with this ability they can dominate the other species by thriving underground, creating their own environment, to which they may develop a plan to reclaim the surface from the competing species. |
138,621 | I'm my sci-fi setting's history, various hominid species are in competition with each other for dominance of earth and its resources. Among these races are "Halflings" ... okay, not haflings *per se*, but rather like Homo *florensis* with an upgrade, namely human level intelligence (or H. Sapiens with an advanced case of insular dwarfism). The primary trait of these "Halflings" is a very small stature, standing but 0.9 - 1.1 meters tall. Now, this is small, *very small*, though it may give them some advantages (for example they would be but ~33% the mass of humans and thus they could have thrice the population density in the same amount of land).
There is a long and attested history of anthropologically smaller peoples being dominated by larger ones. Since they are so small, I see no reason why man i. e. homo sapiens (and in this world, his fellows) would not immediately steamroll over any population of halflings they encounter. So I have opted to include some unique biological quirks that might give them the edge over H. sapiens. At present, they have at least the following traits:
* a height of 90 ~ 110 cm (the stature [and possibly strength] of a 5 year old)
* a physical maturity age of 9 ~ 10 (though a mental maturity age in the mid teens)
* the intelligence of an average human
* (at minimum) average human lifespan
Ideally these Halfling become a problem and serious rival to humanity in the future, but I don't see a group race of homonids the size of 5 year olds standing a chance against *any* human population, much less seriously challenging them. So, sticking to that which is in the realm of evolutionary possibility (700,000 ish years of evolution).
**What biological traits could I realistically endow the Halflings with to give them *at least* a fighting change against humans?** | 2019/02/07 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/138621",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/61034/"
] | You are mixing time periods and evolutionary advantages with a naive interpretation of Darwin.
Your "halflings" aren't weak at all. The time when conflict was decided by body mass and strength is over. Mobility and speed is a typical advantage of smaller people (assuming we are not talking about actual dwarfism!). In a gunfight, everyone puts out the same amount of deadly force (SciFi setting, assuming that weapon size is not an issue), but being smaller means **being more difficult to hit**. Which is about the biggest advantage you can get. It also means being able to take full cover behind smaller obstacles, being able to get through smaller spaces and so on.
Honestly, with the same intelligence, I would be more afraid for normal-sized humans.
In a prolonged conflict, the ability to replenish your numbers faster (i.e. earlier maturity, meaning baby production turning into soldiers quicker) is a **massive** advantage. Almost all large-scale conflicts of the modern age have been wars of attrition. The side the lost was typically the one that stopped being able to produce new material to the frontlines - weapons, ammunition or soldiers. | Maybe you should think about the Orcs in *Lord of the Rings*, *The Hobbit*, and the *Silmarillion*.
The adult orcs came in a number of different sizes, usually smaller than men, and some were small enough that a military unit of orcs mistook hobbits for fellow orcs and the overseers made the two hobbits fall in line and march instead of killing them.
And yet the dark lords Morgoth and Sauron used hordes of orcs in their armies to fight and usually overwhelm armies of men and Elves who were much bigger and stronger than the average Orc.
The Orc armies seemed to have the advantage of numbers and reproducing more rabidly. And possibly they may have had the advantage of being soldiers fighting armies of Elves and Men who were warriors instead of soldiers. Warrior forces sometimes defeat modern soldiers, but soldiers usually defeat warriors.
Note that the ancient Gaul and German warriors were bigger and stronger on the average than the Roman soldiers, but the Romans usually defeated the Gauls and the Germans.
Note that east Asian horse riding nomads were smaller on the average than, for example, Northern Europeans, yet the Mongol invaders of Europe won a number of battles and wars with superior discipline, tactics, and strategy and ruled parts of Europe for centuries.
So your hobbits can win and defeat men if your hobbits are armies of trained and disciplined soldiers led by generals who have studied tactics and strategy, fighting armies of warriors.
And you might want to see my answer here:
[What stops a race of giants from wiping out humanity?](https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/138263/what-stops-a-race-of-giants-from-wiping-out-humanity/138355#138355)[1](https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/138263/what-stops-a-race-of-giants-from-wiping-out-humanity/138355#138355) |
138,621 | I'm my sci-fi setting's history, various hominid species are in competition with each other for dominance of earth and its resources. Among these races are "Halflings" ... okay, not haflings *per se*, but rather like Homo *florensis* with an upgrade, namely human level intelligence (or H. Sapiens with an advanced case of insular dwarfism). The primary trait of these "Halflings" is a very small stature, standing but 0.9 - 1.1 meters tall. Now, this is small, *very small*, though it may give them some advantages (for example they would be but ~33% the mass of humans and thus they could have thrice the population density in the same amount of land).
There is a long and attested history of anthropologically smaller peoples being dominated by larger ones. Since they are so small, I see no reason why man i. e. homo sapiens (and in this world, his fellows) would not immediately steamroll over any population of halflings they encounter. So I have opted to include some unique biological quirks that might give them the edge over H. sapiens. At present, they have at least the following traits:
* a height of 90 ~ 110 cm (the stature [and possibly strength] of a 5 year old)
* a physical maturity age of 9 ~ 10 (though a mental maturity age in the mid teens)
* the intelligence of an average human
* (at minimum) average human lifespan
Ideally these Halfling become a problem and serious rival to humanity in the future, but I don't see a group race of homonids the size of 5 year olds standing a chance against *any* human population, much less seriously challenging them. So, sticking to that which is in the realm of evolutionary possibility (700,000 ish years of evolution).
**What biological traits could I realistically endow the Halflings with to give them *at least* a fighting change against humans?** | 2019/02/07 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/138621",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/61034/"
] | You have the answer in the question:
**Numbers**
Just think goblins. One skilled man could easily kill one skilled goblin but what about three, what about five?
You already state that they become adults faster, just give them litters of two or three and voilà. Moreover, the number advantage will become more and more prominent the more technology advances.
* One strong man with a stick against three weak Halflings with sticks? Okay!
* One strong man with a bow against three weak Halflings with bows? Less okay...
And what about guns and tanks in the future? They can make smaller guns and vehicles, which mean more of them for the same resources.
In your world, I'd be more preoccupied about Halflings ruling every other race. | **Dexterity**
Perhaps faster reflexes would be more appropriate. Assuming that the nerve conduction speed of the halflings is equal to that of the humans, their nerve impulses have much less distance to travel.
This allows for a silly role-playing trope of my college years: the halfling martial artist.
But seriously, it could make the halflings more skilled at weapons than the humans. |
138,621 | I'm my sci-fi setting's history, various hominid species are in competition with each other for dominance of earth and its resources. Among these races are "Halflings" ... okay, not haflings *per se*, but rather like Homo *florensis* with an upgrade, namely human level intelligence (or H. Sapiens with an advanced case of insular dwarfism). The primary trait of these "Halflings" is a very small stature, standing but 0.9 - 1.1 meters tall. Now, this is small, *very small*, though it may give them some advantages (for example they would be but ~33% the mass of humans and thus they could have thrice the population density in the same amount of land).
There is a long and attested history of anthropologically smaller peoples being dominated by larger ones. Since they are so small, I see no reason why man i. e. homo sapiens (and in this world, his fellows) would not immediately steamroll over any population of halflings they encounter. So I have opted to include some unique biological quirks that might give them the edge over H. sapiens. At present, they have at least the following traits:
* a height of 90 ~ 110 cm (the stature [and possibly strength] of a 5 year old)
* a physical maturity age of 9 ~ 10 (though a mental maturity age in the mid teens)
* the intelligence of an average human
* (at minimum) average human lifespan
Ideally these Halfling become a problem and serious rival to humanity in the future, but I don't see a group race of homonids the size of 5 year olds standing a chance against *any* human population, much less seriously challenging them. So, sticking to that which is in the realm of evolutionary possibility (700,000 ish years of evolution).
**What biological traits could I realistically endow the Halflings with to give them *at least* a fighting change against humans?** | 2019/02/07 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/138621",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/61034/"
] | Smaller size means less food required. By roughly the cube of the height ratio (i.e. half height means 1/8 food).
Throughout history, halflings lived in marginal lands: semi-deserts and tundras. Humans could survive there, but only as sparse nomadic bands: anything more would starve. But halflings can build cities, and maintain specialists. So halflings have blacksmiths in places where humans have hunters who sometimes carve bones.
As empires grow, the halflings face a new threat: more distant humans from more fertile lands. These humans can match them in numbers and technology, and while they can't live off the land, they can conquer it. But these armies are dependent on their long, vulnerable supply lines, and the halflings know the territory a lot better. So these conquests don't go well.
At some point, resources worth getting are found in the arid lands. The halflings are well-positioned to extract them, whereas the humans would need constant food caravans and still find the task very unpleasant. It's just *cheaper* to trade for the stuff than to conquer the place and extract it yourself.
By the time transport gets cheap enough to change that, guns are invented, and size is no longer an advantage. | Make them like Hobbits: they are extremely good at staying out of other people's way.
By doing so, they avoid being a problem to others, and thus the opportunity cost acts in their favor. |
138,621 | I'm my sci-fi setting's history, various hominid species are in competition with each other for dominance of earth and its resources. Among these races are "Halflings" ... okay, not haflings *per se*, but rather like Homo *florensis* with an upgrade, namely human level intelligence (or H. Sapiens with an advanced case of insular dwarfism). The primary trait of these "Halflings" is a very small stature, standing but 0.9 - 1.1 meters tall. Now, this is small, *very small*, though it may give them some advantages (for example they would be but ~33% the mass of humans and thus they could have thrice the population density in the same amount of land).
There is a long and attested history of anthropologically smaller peoples being dominated by larger ones. Since they are so small, I see no reason why man i. e. homo sapiens (and in this world, his fellows) would not immediately steamroll over any population of halflings they encounter. So I have opted to include some unique biological quirks that might give them the edge over H. sapiens. At present, they have at least the following traits:
* a height of 90 ~ 110 cm (the stature [and possibly strength] of a 5 year old)
* a physical maturity age of 9 ~ 10 (though a mental maturity age in the mid teens)
* the intelligence of an average human
* (at minimum) average human lifespan
Ideally these Halfling become a problem and serious rival to humanity in the future, but I don't see a group race of homonids the size of 5 year olds standing a chance against *any* human population, much less seriously challenging them. So, sticking to that which is in the realm of evolutionary possibility (700,000 ish years of evolution).
**What biological traits could I realistically endow the Halflings with to give them *at least* a fighting change against humans?** | 2019/02/07 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/138621",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/61034/"
] | You mentioned "sci-fi", so I'm assuming this setting of yours is either contemporary or near future.
1 - Faster Reproduction
-----------------------
The homo sapiens' gestation lasts 9 months and even so, humans can reproduce quite fast. Have your halflings reproduce faster than this, like 4 or 5 months and you will have an army that replenishes its forces much quicker than their foes.
Also worth noting that, if people are born at a higher rate, there's a higher chance that a genius (or someone remarkable, like a Tesla, Newton or Einstein) is born within that society and, thus, be the spark for a great technological advancement that will give them an edge on the dispute.
**Edit:** If you think the reduction of the gestation time is too absurd, you can achieve the same goal by saying that the gestation of multiple children is way more common in halflings than in humans. They would still have to go through the 9 month period, but every gestation would have a very high probability of yelding twins or triplets.
2 - Earlier Maturity Age
------------------------
You stated this in the question. If you combine this with the fact that they're born faster, you have contributing members of society that will mature a few years before regular humans.
The way I see this, both these factors combine sum up to a civilization that will advance considerably faster than the homo sapiens in the long run.
3 - Strength in Numbers
-----------------------
No halfling should ever walk alone outside of their domain. Though they might be a few times more nimble than a regular human, I'm guessing that it takes one good hit from a homo sapiens to incapacitate a halfling.
Battle-wise, I believe the humans will always have the strength and reach advantage. But if you consider a 3x1 fight, the scenario is compeltely different. Fatigue builds up fast in combat. Unless the human is skilled enough to quickly incapacitate one or two of his foes, he will be in serious trouble to watch his own back against the quick little halfling going for his achiles' heels.
This can easily be achieved consdering points 1 and 2.
4 - Stealth
-----------
A reduced body size is a good advantage for sneaking up on enemies. Stealth operations of the halflings would be much more inconspicuous and prone to success, since they could easily hide behind boxes or under vehicles while inside the enemy base.
5 - A Stronger Sense of Community
---------------------------------
Humans *could* have this as well - but we've been here for thousands of years and we're not even close to this. I think it's safe to assume that we won't have it in the near future.
Have your halflings be a kind of utopic society where everyone watches each other's back in every way possible. People have good jobs, houses and generally act as a community that strives for advancement. No need for greed or exploitation of the poor - they see every member as an equal contributing part of society, from the guy who cleans the floor to the general that commands thousands to battle.
**Edit:** Considering the edit I made to point 1, this *could* be easier to achieve (could because not all families are exactly role models). The point here is that, with more children comes the notion that they're all part of one big family (I guess). | They are the size of a 5 year old but with the intelligence of an adult?
First - I would look at every question we have on fighting giants (cause that's what this is) and how that would work.
Second - biologically you already have one strong candidate for:
* assassin or spy
* hunter/trapper
* bard or other entertainer
+ *no voice change I presume*
+ A good way to influence people
* inventors of wondrous gadgets to confound or otherwise hurt the enemy
+ With a social, political?, drive to do so and field an equal military
+ Based on biological ability to do what the "fat-fingered" bigger races cannot1.
### Assassins and Spies
If a halfling could pose as a child (maybe even give some children a treat to gather "real" children around) and then just knife a political target and disappear back into the swarm of fleeing children as everyone panics - that's ideal assassin. In fact, simply being able to hide better (smaller more areas to hide in) or be seen as "not a threat" more easily would allow him both to be a talented assassin. As well as, allow it to be a strong candidate for a spy as it would be easier to access places most cannot and overhear conversations most would not want to be overheard.
### Hunters (and well a few other key roles)
I would think of adding one set of biological evolution to this - *heightened hearing and smell*. If halflings become excellent hunters (think of setting traps or crossbows/bowguns/slings for various small game or even larger depending on crossbow/sling type) due to these heightened senses they would be prized by kingdoms which need to fill their own warriors stomachs....and it would be a quick step from there to guerrilla tactics/warfare. Add a second fairly natural advantage - they are already smaller and so *should require less food* to keep themselves going. So just add to that with either an evolved *extremely effective digestive system* (either in the sense that they use food for energy at highly effective rates or they have resistances and strong stomach acids which allow them to digest more items as food then a human)
Traps work extremely well in environments with heavy concealment (jungles, tall grass, forests) and their size would not matter in the slightest when it came to actually setting them up. Also as a *short person* who has chased people through swamps (MP on Paris Island) *I moved faster than or as fast as my tall partners* - it was easier to get through the bramble, branches, brush, and etc.
Note, this also goes well with the assassin or even just as a tracker with the local authorities. These senses are also likely to evolve for all the same reasons they evolve in prey animals (though may need to slightly adjust look to account for) in the real world.
1*Research how children were used in industrial revolutions.* |
138,621 | I'm my sci-fi setting's history, various hominid species are in competition with each other for dominance of earth and its resources. Among these races are "Halflings" ... okay, not haflings *per se*, but rather like Homo *florensis* with an upgrade, namely human level intelligence (or H. Sapiens with an advanced case of insular dwarfism). The primary trait of these "Halflings" is a very small stature, standing but 0.9 - 1.1 meters tall. Now, this is small, *very small*, though it may give them some advantages (for example they would be but ~33% the mass of humans and thus they could have thrice the population density in the same amount of land).
There is a long and attested history of anthropologically smaller peoples being dominated by larger ones. Since they are so small, I see no reason why man i. e. homo sapiens (and in this world, his fellows) would not immediately steamroll over any population of halflings they encounter. So I have opted to include some unique biological quirks that might give them the edge over H. sapiens. At present, they have at least the following traits:
* a height of 90 ~ 110 cm (the stature [and possibly strength] of a 5 year old)
* a physical maturity age of 9 ~ 10 (though a mental maturity age in the mid teens)
* the intelligence of an average human
* (at minimum) average human lifespan
Ideally these Halfling become a problem and serious rival to humanity in the future, but I don't see a group race of homonids the size of 5 year olds standing a chance against *any* human population, much less seriously challenging them. So, sticking to that which is in the realm of evolutionary possibility (700,000 ish years of evolution).
**What biological traits could I realistically endow the Halflings with to give them *at least* a fighting change against humans?** | 2019/02/07 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/138621",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/61034/"
] | I would go with a combination of the Swiss, Tucker's Kobolds, Hobbiton conviviality, and (don't shoot me) World of Warcraft gnomes.
Why did it take humans millennia to figure out electricity? Religion, superstition, politics, all schemes of power... What if the halflings just weren't that into conquest and domination, and put their keen minds to science? So their tech is a bit better than the humans, not necessarily "electricity within 100 years of discovering copper", but definitely enough design generations above their neighbors.
They don't have imperialism as a value and believe in fair dealing, so they are not a territorial threat to their neighbors. Much the opposite, halflings earn a fine reputation as kind, generous, good neighbors and traders; when a halfling calls on an inn, it is considered a good portent for the innkeeper.
But they are certainly aware of imperialism, and are prepared for it. Woe be to any invader who thinks to *anschluss* any halfling lands, and march expecting to meet halfling legions spear to spear. Instead, they find themselves hopelessly mired in prepared defenses they can't even see or understand, and they are torn apart; it seems the armies are being eaten by the land itself.
When their remnants head for home, they find nobody wants to trade with them. Their neighbors do not approve of their mad, pointless assault on the halflings; it is heresy to whatever god smited their armies. The king's marriage to a neighboring kingdom's daughter is annulled. After enough pain to remind them why trade and foreign relations are good things, good relations amongst the kingdoms are restored by diplomatic efforts of - who'd imagine - the halflings.
It soon becomes a matter of near superstition: *Don't mess with the halflings*.
It helps that the halflings have an affinity for lands that are highly defensible but not particularly desirable; they favor places like Switzerland. | **Razor sharp toenails**
Halflings walk barefoot and their toenails are extremely thick and hornlike. When preparing for battle they sharpen these toenails to a point with razor sharp edges.
Halflings of course are nothing if not stealthy. They creep up behind a foe and kick him in the ankle thus severing his Achilles tendon and incapacitating him. While he is writhing on the ground in agony they disappear back into the undergrowth.
More athletic halflings can leap into the air and kick higher up the body - there is a special name for this martial art which I am not at liberty to divulge. |
138,621 | I'm my sci-fi setting's history, various hominid species are in competition with each other for dominance of earth and its resources. Among these races are "Halflings" ... okay, not haflings *per se*, but rather like Homo *florensis* with an upgrade, namely human level intelligence (or H. Sapiens with an advanced case of insular dwarfism). The primary trait of these "Halflings" is a very small stature, standing but 0.9 - 1.1 meters tall. Now, this is small, *very small*, though it may give them some advantages (for example they would be but ~33% the mass of humans and thus they could have thrice the population density in the same amount of land).
There is a long and attested history of anthropologically smaller peoples being dominated by larger ones. Since they are so small, I see no reason why man i. e. homo sapiens (and in this world, his fellows) would not immediately steamroll over any population of halflings they encounter. So I have opted to include some unique biological quirks that might give them the edge over H. sapiens. At present, they have at least the following traits:
* a height of 90 ~ 110 cm (the stature [and possibly strength] of a 5 year old)
* a physical maturity age of 9 ~ 10 (though a mental maturity age in the mid teens)
* the intelligence of an average human
* (at minimum) average human lifespan
Ideally these Halfling become a problem and serious rival to humanity in the future, but I don't see a group race of homonids the size of 5 year olds standing a chance against *any* human population, much less seriously challenging them. So, sticking to that which is in the realm of evolutionary possibility (700,000 ish years of evolution).
**What biological traits could I realistically endow the Halflings with to give them *at least* a fighting change against humans?** | 2019/02/07 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/138621",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/61034/"
] | Maybe you should think about the Orcs in *Lord of the Rings*, *The Hobbit*, and the *Silmarillion*.
The adult orcs came in a number of different sizes, usually smaller than men, and some were small enough that a military unit of orcs mistook hobbits for fellow orcs and the overseers made the two hobbits fall in line and march instead of killing them.
And yet the dark lords Morgoth and Sauron used hordes of orcs in their armies to fight and usually overwhelm armies of men and Elves who were much bigger and stronger than the average Orc.
The Orc armies seemed to have the advantage of numbers and reproducing more rabidly. And possibly they may have had the advantage of being soldiers fighting armies of Elves and Men who were warriors instead of soldiers. Warrior forces sometimes defeat modern soldiers, but soldiers usually defeat warriors.
Note that the ancient Gaul and German warriors were bigger and stronger on the average than the Roman soldiers, but the Romans usually defeated the Gauls and the Germans.
Note that east Asian horse riding nomads were smaller on the average than, for example, Northern Europeans, yet the Mongol invaders of Europe won a number of battles and wars with superior discipline, tactics, and strategy and ruled parts of Europe for centuries.
So your hobbits can win and defeat men if your hobbits are armies of trained and disciplined soldiers led by generals who have studied tactics and strategy, fighting armies of warriors.
And you might want to see my answer here:
[What stops a race of giants from wiping out humanity?](https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/138263/what-stops-a-race-of-giants-from-wiping-out-humanity/138355#138355)[1](https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/138263/what-stops-a-race-of-giants-from-wiping-out-humanity/138355#138355) | **Numbers and throwing**
you seem to be missing an implication of what you already have, if they need less food that means their tribal size can be bigger. One of the big advantages Sapiens had over neanderthals (who were larger and stronger) was we had much bigger tribes, we were also likely better at ranged combat. An individual might be bigger but with intelligent creature numbers matters a lot more. Prior to agriculture (and even mostly after that) human communities max out at around 150 individuals, this is due to how many other people we can keep track of. Make halflings double that 300, three times would be pushing it because they are not saving that much calorically, because a smaller animals metabolism has to be faster, but half as much is reasonable. the changes to their brain will not be noticable externally so it is easy to handwave.
You can make this effect even stronger with something else halflings are often given better throwing arms. if their are more of you and they are naturally better archers or slingers that's a pretty significant advantage in conflict. This could be better hand eye coordination or even something as simple as a better shoulder architecture. Now they will suffer reduced range thanks to their size but if their aim is better it becomes a mre even playing field.
In essence they are beating sapiens at their own game, but the drastic difference in size evens it out. |
138,621 | I'm my sci-fi setting's history, various hominid species are in competition with each other for dominance of earth and its resources. Among these races are "Halflings" ... okay, not haflings *per se*, but rather like Homo *florensis* with an upgrade, namely human level intelligence (or H. Sapiens with an advanced case of insular dwarfism). The primary trait of these "Halflings" is a very small stature, standing but 0.9 - 1.1 meters tall. Now, this is small, *very small*, though it may give them some advantages (for example they would be but ~33% the mass of humans and thus they could have thrice the population density in the same amount of land).
There is a long and attested history of anthropologically smaller peoples being dominated by larger ones. Since they are so small, I see no reason why man i. e. homo sapiens (and in this world, his fellows) would not immediately steamroll over any population of halflings they encounter. So I have opted to include some unique biological quirks that might give them the edge over H. sapiens. At present, they have at least the following traits:
* a height of 90 ~ 110 cm (the stature [and possibly strength] of a 5 year old)
* a physical maturity age of 9 ~ 10 (though a mental maturity age in the mid teens)
* the intelligence of an average human
* (at minimum) average human lifespan
Ideally these Halfling become a problem and serious rival to humanity in the future, but I don't see a group race of homonids the size of 5 year olds standing a chance against *any* human population, much less seriously challenging them. So, sticking to that which is in the realm of evolutionary possibility (700,000 ish years of evolution).
**What biological traits could I realistically endow the Halflings with to give them *at least* a fighting change against humans?** | 2019/02/07 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/138621",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/61034/"
] | You have the answer in the question:
**Numbers**
Just think goblins. One skilled man could easily kill one skilled goblin but what about three, what about five?
You already state that they become adults faster, just give them litters of two or three and voilà. Moreover, the number advantage will become more and more prominent the more technology advances.
* One strong man with a stick against three weak Halflings with sticks? Okay!
* One strong man with a bow against three weak Halflings with bows? Less okay...
And what about guns and tanks in the future? They can make smaller guns and vehicles, which mean more of them for the same resources.
In your world, I'd be more preoccupied about Halflings ruling every other race. | Smaller size means less food required. By roughly the cube of the height ratio (i.e. half height means 1/8 food).
Throughout history, halflings lived in marginal lands: semi-deserts and tundras. Humans could survive there, but only as sparse nomadic bands: anything more would starve. But halflings can build cities, and maintain specialists. So halflings have blacksmiths in places where humans have hunters who sometimes carve bones.
As empires grow, the halflings face a new threat: more distant humans from more fertile lands. These humans can match them in numbers and technology, and while they can't live off the land, they can conquer it. But these armies are dependent on their long, vulnerable supply lines, and the halflings know the territory a lot better. So these conquests don't go well.
At some point, resources worth getting are found in the arid lands. The halflings are well-positioned to extract them, whereas the humans would need constant food caravans and still find the task very unpleasant. It's just *cheaper* to trade for the stuff than to conquer the place and extract it yourself.
By the time transport gets cheap enough to change that, guns are invented, and size is no longer an advantage. |
138,621 | I'm my sci-fi setting's history, various hominid species are in competition with each other for dominance of earth and its resources. Among these races are "Halflings" ... okay, not haflings *per se*, but rather like Homo *florensis* with an upgrade, namely human level intelligence (or H. Sapiens with an advanced case of insular dwarfism). The primary trait of these "Halflings" is a very small stature, standing but 0.9 - 1.1 meters tall. Now, this is small, *very small*, though it may give them some advantages (for example they would be but ~33% the mass of humans and thus they could have thrice the population density in the same amount of land).
There is a long and attested history of anthropologically smaller peoples being dominated by larger ones. Since they are so small, I see no reason why man i. e. homo sapiens (and in this world, his fellows) would not immediately steamroll over any population of halflings they encounter. So I have opted to include some unique biological quirks that might give them the edge over H. sapiens. At present, they have at least the following traits:
* a height of 90 ~ 110 cm (the stature [and possibly strength] of a 5 year old)
* a physical maturity age of 9 ~ 10 (though a mental maturity age in the mid teens)
* the intelligence of an average human
* (at minimum) average human lifespan
Ideally these Halfling become a problem and serious rival to humanity in the future, but I don't see a group race of homonids the size of 5 year olds standing a chance against *any* human population, much less seriously challenging them. So, sticking to that which is in the realm of evolutionary possibility (700,000 ish years of evolution).
**What biological traits could I realistically endow the Halflings with to give them *at least* a fighting change against humans?** | 2019/02/07 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/138621",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/61034/"
] | You mentioned "sci-fi", so I'm assuming this setting of yours is either contemporary or near future.
1 - Faster Reproduction
-----------------------
The homo sapiens' gestation lasts 9 months and even so, humans can reproduce quite fast. Have your halflings reproduce faster than this, like 4 or 5 months and you will have an army that replenishes its forces much quicker than their foes.
Also worth noting that, if people are born at a higher rate, there's a higher chance that a genius (or someone remarkable, like a Tesla, Newton or Einstein) is born within that society and, thus, be the spark for a great technological advancement that will give them an edge on the dispute.
**Edit:** If you think the reduction of the gestation time is too absurd, you can achieve the same goal by saying that the gestation of multiple children is way more common in halflings than in humans. They would still have to go through the 9 month period, but every gestation would have a very high probability of yelding twins or triplets.
2 - Earlier Maturity Age
------------------------
You stated this in the question. If you combine this with the fact that they're born faster, you have contributing members of society that will mature a few years before regular humans.
The way I see this, both these factors combine sum up to a civilization that will advance considerably faster than the homo sapiens in the long run.
3 - Strength in Numbers
-----------------------
No halfling should ever walk alone outside of their domain. Though they might be a few times more nimble than a regular human, I'm guessing that it takes one good hit from a homo sapiens to incapacitate a halfling.
Battle-wise, I believe the humans will always have the strength and reach advantage. But if you consider a 3x1 fight, the scenario is compeltely different. Fatigue builds up fast in combat. Unless the human is skilled enough to quickly incapacitate one or two of his foes, he will be in serious trouble to watch his own back against the quick little halfling going for his achiles' heels.
This can easily be achieved consdering points 1 and 2.
4 - Stealth
-----------
A reduced body size is a good advantage for sneaking up on enemies. Stealth operations of the halflings would be much more inconspicuous and prone to success, since they could easily hide behind boxes or under vehicles while inside the enemy base.
5 - A Stronger Sense of Community
---------------------------------
Humans *could* have this as well - but we've been here for thousands of years and we're not even close to this. I think it's safe to assume that we won't have it in the near future.
Have your halflings be a kind of utopic society where everyone watches each other's back in every way possible. People have good jobs, houses and generally act as a community that strives for advancement. No need for greed or exploitation of the poor - they see every member as an equal contributing part of society, from the guy who cleans the floor to the general that commands thousands to battle.
**Edit:** Considering the edit I made to point 1, this *could* be easier to achieve (could because not all families are exactly role models). The point here is that, with more children comes the notion that they're all part of one big family (I guess). | 1) Heat tolerance. They are small and suffer less from heat. In very hot areas, like the Gulf of Darien in Colombia, they would be kings and humans would die from heat. The problem is that they would suffer in cold climates.
2) They aren't that weak. Muscle power is relative to muscle area, not length. If their muscles can get large if they pump iron, they may be as strong as a human. |
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