qid int64 1 74.7M | question stringlengths 12 33.8k | date stringlengths 10 10 | metadata list | response_j stringlengths 0 115k | response_k stringlengths 2 98.3k |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
16,778 | I am looking for a visual tail tool that can monitor several local or remote log files.
Optional features that interest me: color highlight based on log error level, coloring for special words, filtering of messages and/or notifications on new activity. | 2011/06/30 | [
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/16778",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/users/1916/"
] | Only for the sake of completeness it shall be said, that there is a tool for Mac OS X with highlighting on keywords and some other features.
It's called [Logtastic](http://www.logtastic.net)
I know, this is an old post, but maybe someone finds this useful?! :) | I was looking for something similar a few months back and discovered and excellent Linux appliance distribution called Security Onion: <https://security-onion-solutions.github.io/security-onion/>
I pretty much ignore the IDS and packet capturing (for now) and just use it for log analysis. It was pretty simple to set up virtual box and then load the Security Onion image. Other than being a little RAM hungry it's a great way to get some pretty sophisticated log analysis from several really good open source packages that are already integrated in a read-to-use solution. Now that I have logging pretty much taken care of, I might start playing with some of the IDS features built into it - but that takes even more RAM... |
16,778 | I am looking for a visual tail tool that can monitor several local or remote log files.
Optional features that interest me: color highlight based on log error level, coloring for special words, filtering of messages and/or notifications on new activity. | 2011/06/30 | [
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/16778",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/users/1916/"
] | I found a tool that can do this [GeekTool](http://projects.tynsoe.org/en/geektool/), it even has a version that works on Lion (see the forum).
It can be used to do just simple tails, without filtering or other stuff, so maybe someone has a better alternative. | While I haven't used it myself yet, I recently discovered [Log.io](http://logio.org/). It appears to meet all your criteria. |
16,778 | I am looking for a visual tail tool that can monitor several local or remote log files.
Optional features that interest me: color highlight based on log error level, coloring for special words, filtering of messages and/or notifications on new activity. | 2011/06/30 | [
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/16778",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/users/1916/"
] | [PostRemoteLog](http://www.oriontransfer.co.nz/projects/admin-toolbox/post-remote-log/index) (free)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PostRemoteLog has Growl notifications support and it is free. | I was looking for something similar a few months back and discovered and excellent Linux appliance distribution called Security Onion: <https://security-onion-solutions.github.io/security-onion/>
I pretty much ignore the IDS and packet capturing (for now) and just use it for log analysis. It was pretty simple to set up virtual box and then load the Security Onion image. Other than being a little RAM hungry it's a great way to get some pretty sophisticated log analysis from several really good open source packages that are already integrated in a read-to-use solution. Now that I have logging pretty much taken care of, I might start playing with some of the IDS features built into it - but that takes even more RAM... |
1,127,358 | I guys.
Have worked around with cookies in PHP for some time. However something came to my mind.
Does its possible to gather all cookies (without knowing its names), or at least list all cookies names present in a browser?
Regards. | 2009/07/14 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1127358",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/114298/"
] | No, you can't. php can only locate cookies created from it self host. This security is from browser side. | No, cookies are domain specific. You could get more protection against cookie hijacking by configuring your cookies as HttpOnly, supported in PHP since 5.2.0. |
1,127,358 | I guys.
Have worked around with cookies in PHP for some time. However something came to my mind.
Does its possible to gather all cookies (without knowing its names), or at least list all cookies names present in a browser?
Regards. | 2009/07/14 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1127358",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/114298/"
] | No, you can't. php can only locate cookies created from it self host. This security is from browser side. | Not from server side but a great tool for showing all cookies from the client side is [MAXA Cookie Manager:](http://www.naxa-tools.com/cookie.php). It shows advanced and browser independent cookies, too. |
1,127,358 | I guys.
Have worked around with cookies in PHP for some time. However something came to my mind.
Does its possible to gather all cookies (without knowing its names), or at least list all cookies names present in a browser?
Regards. | 2009/07/14 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1127358",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/114298/"
] | No, cookies are domain specific. You could get more protection against cookie hijacking by configuring your cookies as HttpOnly, supported in PHP since 5.2.0. | Not from server side but a great tool for showing all cookies from the client side is [MAXA Cookie Manager:](http://www.naxa-tools.com/cookie.php). It shows advanced and browser independent cookies, too. |
169,125 | 
Can anyone help me figure out what this icon is for??? | 2017/02/14 | [
"https://android.stackexchange.com/questions/169125",
"https://android.stackexchange.com",
"https://android.stackexchange.com/users/209711/"
] | I believe that icon indicates a new notification from [Google Play Newsstand](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.google.android.apps.magazines&hl=en).
**Edit:**
Confirmed my assumption this morning when a notification popped up:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/K68Vk.png)
I don't know how to take a screenshot of the status icon bar, so you'll have to take my word that the icon appeared there too. | To check which app is giving you that notification, pull down the notification tray and you will see a notification item with that icon. Make a long click on that notification icon and it will show you the name of the app and other options for notification control. |
127,773 | I usually use "glacial" to denote something as very slow-moving, but this time I am actually talking about a glacier so it can't be "the glacial glacier".
[These](http://thesaurus.com/browse/glacial) are the synonyms of "glacial" (They all mean cold)
[These](http://thesaurus.com/browse/slow-moving) are for "slow-moving", but none seem to actually imply the persistent slow movement of a glacier. | 2013/09/18 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/127773",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/50025/"
] | >
> Relentless
> ----------
>
>
>
Only by this word do we begin to approach the true being and essence of the glacier.
### Perception of Time
Human perception grasps relations between things before a thing itself: to know what a thing *is*, we must first ask what it *does*. This question, put to a glacier, initially leaves us speechless.
A glacier does – a glacier is – what? Ice – yes, but this gets us no further. The attributive word *slow* hoves into view, on schedule, whenever we think of glaciers, but this is quite wrong: in a very important, originary sense, *slow* can never capture what a thing does, or what a thing is, essentially.
### Slowness, it is *not*
Slow, when we consult its origin in the language, wants to say that its object somehow deviates from its true being or purpose. Its primary meaning relates to the defective working of a mind, as in someone who’s not up to proper mental speed. This defection, when pursued hard enough, overtakes the initial – instrumental or pragmatic – remissness to become a moral fault, as *sloth*, a later derivation from slow. But the notion of speed itself is deceptive: actually it’s foreign to the origin of this word.
From
* the Old English *slaw* (inactive, sluggish, dull) and
* its roots in the Old Saxon *sleu* and
* Old High German *sleo* (both meaning blunt, dull)
we have the primordial and real image of a metal utensil, whether knife or plough or, more ceremoniously, a sword, that has fallen from its proper use by the corrosion of a cutting edge.
Speed, or lack of speed, dilatoriness, has therefore little to do with the word slow, unless it lingers behind the frustration of having to expend more time in cutting, striking, ploughing etc with the duller edge to achieve the utensil’s desired end.
### Essence & Nature
So we must ask again: what does a glacier do? Certainly, it is ice. But what does ice do? Ice, unlike its other physical cognates – rain, snow – is not accompanied by a ready collection of doing-verbs. Rain falls and saturates the parched earth with its gift; snow falls and collects beautifully in drifts (“Covering earth in forgetful snow” – TS Eliot), the prime image of the winter eclipse of the land’s abundance; water runs and flows and streams and spills, everywhere giving life.
These are vital articulations of the earth’s lexicon of seasonal and shaping forces. But the most we can say of ice in this respect is that it *melts*. Curiously, *slow* recurs here – but indirectly, in its secondary, derived sense as a lack of speed – to lend its pallor to the melting process.
But ***melt*** itself is another occlusion: a word that is foreign to the being of ice. In its Danish, Old High German and Swedish origins, melting was a process undergone by bodies once they had exceeded their point of ripeness or ideal period of use or consumption: in the case of inanimate organic matter (pears, apples, harvested barley) this meant rotting; in the case of people, this meant corporeal decay and dissolution.
In *melt* we take the short step over the life-threshold to *moult* and then *mould* – where the evidence of decay and uselessness becomes manifest. So, despite appearances, *melt* is an odd fit as the essential doing-verb for ice, because ice would have had no real agency or use for men and women personally, or at a societal level, to fall away or decay from (it was only among Mediterranean cultures that ice was used as a food-preservative as in Northern Europe and Scandinavia the colder climate did the job: the Romans used to cart oysters from Colchester in Essex to Rome packed in ice and wrapped in parcels of hay). So ice, viewed in its larger forms – as a glacier for example – requires a verb of greater scope, unattached to localised human processes and activities.
### Relentless origins
To this end, *relentless* begins to help. To *relent* is, effectively, to melt, to subside to the condition of slow, viscous or supple, contained in the Latin *lentus*. To refuse to do this, to willfully preserve this hard, inhuman solidity (*relent* was originally used in the context of the softening of a human heart: [“The notion is probably of a hard heart melting with pity.”](http://www.etymonline.com))
Such gets translated spatially into the idea of movement, of determined progress at all costs, becomes a kind of non-human automatic grind, nicely approaching what a glacier in fact does and is. But *relent* is still located in a human scale: and the reason it begins to resonate with glacier is the converse suggestion – of something nonhuman, larger-then-human, something almost godlike, in the familiar sense that all natural forces – sun, moon, stars, seasons, rainfall – were godlike, as in bathed with the divine aura and agency of deities, in earlier moments of historical-cultural development.
### Godlike Relentlessness
To move further on this: glaciers are indeed godlike, in the vital sense that they *create*: their true doing, what they do, which *relentless* hints at while being merely an image at the crust of the real thing, is *shape* the *land*. In its origin (Old Saxon, Old German, Old Frisian, via Middle English) to *shape* was to *create* and *fashion*, and, mysteriously and beautifully, to *draw water from the source*.
This is what glaciers do: like gods, they command the elements in the service of real creation; they draw water from its source, the sky, and bodying this colossal force, they redraw the earth beneath us, bequeathing their legacy, centuries later, in the valleys and terrains we call our home. The reason then, that we have no name for what glaciers do and are, is perhaps because we have forgotten the awe due to them as creative titans possessed of godlike powers. We readily say what a hawk does: it hunts and catches food to feed its young; like us, it builds its nest and nurtures the coming generations. But glaciers are beyond this human scale, and our forgetfulness of what they do, and how they are, perhaps exhibits the curtailing and shrinking latent in our anthropocentric, anthropomorphising cognitive tendencies.
---
This is a very roundabout way of giving an answer to your question but perhaps it suggests a new path towards truer descriptions.
Glaciers are landforms, yes: but they are also *landforming*, *landshaping*, and *relentless* in their being of these things. | * Gradually but surely we shall change the world.
* The gradual pace of the glacier took place over millions of years, to carve the canyon.
[gradual](http://www.thefreedictionary.com/gradual) [ˈgrædjʊəl]
>
> adj.
>
>
> 1. taking place, changing, moving, etc., by small degrees or little by little: gradual improvement.
> 2. rising or descending at an even, moderate inclination: a gradual slope.
>
>
> n.
>
>
> 1. a. an antiphon sung between the Epistle and the Gospel in the Eucharistic service.
>
> b. a book containing the words and music of the parts of the liturgy that are sung by the choir.
>
>
> [1375–1425; late Middle English < Medieval Latin graduālis pertaining to steps, graduāle the part of the service sung as the choir stood on the altar steps = Latin gradu(s) step, grade + -ālis -al1]
>
>
> |
127,773 | I usually use "glacial" to denote something as very slow-moving, but this time I am actually talking about a glacier so it can't be "the glacial glacier".
[These](http://thesaurus.com/browse/glacial) are the synonyms of "glacial" (They all mean cold)
[These](http://thesaurus.com/browse/slow-moving) are for "slow-moving", but none seem to actually imply the persistent slow movement of a glacier. | 2013/09/18 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/127773",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/50025/"
] | You should have stated what register you were writing in. Journalistic (columnistic or newsy?), literary, academic etc. Helpful would've been a specification whether the adjective within your context should denote exclusively the rate of movement, or it can be multihued. Depending on how much you're allowed or inclined to wax poetic, you might decide to chose from among one of these (they're all "googlable"):
### *crawling*
>
> * These ever changing, ever moving crawling glaciers are very different from the high glacier plateau which they decend from.
> * These had accumulated there over the last few millions of years deposited by the crawling bellies of glaciers long since gone.
>
>
>
### *[torpid](http://www.thefreedictionary.com/torpid)*
>
> * The arctics down whose voiceless valleys the torpid glaciers creep, the parched deserts of the tropics,...
>
>
>
### *[slothful](http://www.thefreedictionary.com/slothful)*
>
> * This side glacier, which comes in from the south, slid down its valley out over Sherman Glacier, and ended up almost at the terminal of Sherman, a slothful receding glacier.
> * To the naked eye, glacial activity looks like anything but action. It may put up an appearance of functioning as a stagnant blockage of the water cycle; a stunt of the grunt, if you will, eternally stuck in a rut rather than accomplishing much for its mother to be proud of. In fact, it may be tempting to call a glacier **slothful**, reclusive, just a big hunk (unfortunately not the kind of hunks we've been looking for), and taking up good potential driving passage. We don't mind our Icefield.
>
>
>
### *[languid](http://www.thefreedictionary.com/languid)*
>
> * down below in the land that forgot time we are eking forwards like a slow languid glacier
> * Overhead, the yellow sun and the green sun circled each other with a languid incessant inevitability
>
>
>
### *[scant](http://www.thefreedictionary.com/scant) movement*
>
> * Together with these deposits, and generally at a somewhat lower altitude,
> there exist deposits that are clearly morainic, either lateral moraines or rock glaciers, with very little fine fraction, due to the scant movement of the glaciers.
> * The luscious green trees were scantily moving to the soft breeze, birds were chirping, it was an amazing scenery.
>
>
>
### *(variations on) slow*
>
> * Attempts have been made to explain these wide-ranging deposits as being laid down by a **slowly meandering** glacier.
> * Humboldt, a very wide but **slow-moving** and **slow-changing** glacier, lies just to the west of Petermann Glacier
> * It's a slow, **grindingly slow**, tortoise and the hare slow, glacier slide slow, birth of a star slow type of song.
>
>
> | * Gradually but surely we shall change the world.
* The gradual pace of the glacier took place over millions of years, to carve the canyon.
[gradual](http://www.thefreedictionary.com/gradual) [ˈgrædjʊəl]
>
> adj.
>
>
> 1. taking place, changing, moving, etc., by small degrees or little by little: gradual improvement.
> 2. rising or descending at an even, moderate inclination: a gradual slope.
>
>
> n.
>
>
> 1. a. an antiphon sung between the Epistle and the Gospel in the Eucharistic service.
>
> b. a book containing the words and music of the parts of the liturgy that are sung by the choir.
>
>
> [1375–1425; late Middle English < Medieval Latin graduālis pertaining to steps, graduāle the part of the service sung as the choir stood on the altar steps = Latin gradu(s) step, grade + -ālis -al1]
>
>
> |
127,773 | I usually use "glacial" to denote something as very slow-moving, but this time I am actually talking about a glacier so it can't be "the glacial glacier".
[These](http://thesaurus.com/browse/glacial) are the synonyms of "glacial" (They all mean cold)
[These](http://thesaurus.com/browse/slow-moving) are for "slow-moving", but none seem to actually imply the persistent slow movement of a glacier. | 2013/09/18 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/127773",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/50025/"
] | I have encountered ***creeping*** in the context of glaciers before.
[***creeping***](http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/creeping)
>
> advancing or developing gradually.
>
>
> moving very slowly at a steady pace.
>
>
>
Another suitable adjective is ***sluggish***. | thanks to this question I was able to discover a new word! Try **[testudineous](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/testudineous)**:
>
> **Alternative forms** [testudinous](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/testudinous#English)
>
>
> *Adjective* (comparative more ***testudineous***, superlative most ***testudineous***)
>
>
> * Characteristic of a tortoise, or the shell of a tortoise
> * As slow as a tortoise
>
>
> |
127,773 | I usually use "glacial" to denote something as very slow-moving, but this time I am actually talking about a glacier so it can't be "the glacial glacier".
[These](http://thesaurus.com/browse/glacial) are the synonyms of "glacial" (They all mean cold)
[These](http://thesaurus.com/browse/slow-moving) are for "slow-moving", but none seem to actually imply the persistent slow movement of a glacier. | 2013/09/18 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/127773",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/50025/"
] | You should have stated what register you were writing in. Journalistic (columnistic or newsy?), literary, academic etc. Helpful would've been a specification whether the adjective within your context should denote exclusively the rate of movement, or it can be multihued. Depending on how much you're allowed or inclined to wax poetic, you might decide to chose from among one of these (they're all "googlable"):
### *crawling*
>
> * These ever changing, ever moving crawling glaciers are very different from the high glacier plateau which they decend from.
> * These had accumulated there over the last few millions of years deposited by the crawling bellies of glaciers long since gone.
>
>
>
### *[torpid](http://www.thefreedictionary.com/torpid)*
>
> * The arctics down whose voiceless valleys the torpid glaciers creep, the parched deserts of the tropics,...
>
>
>
### *[slothful](http://www.thefreedictionary.com/slothful)*
>
> * This side glacier, which comes in from the south, slid down its valley out over Sherman Glacier, and ended up almost at the terminal of Sherman, a slothful receding glacier.
> * To the naked eye, glacial activity looks like anything but action. It may put up an appearance of functioning as a stagnant blockage of the water cycle; a stunt of the grunt, if you will, eternally stuck in a rut rather than accomplishing much for its mother to be proud of. In fact, it may be tempting to call a glacier **slothful**, reclusive, just a big hunk (unfortunately not the kind of hunks we've been looking for), and taking up good potential driving passage. We don't mind our Icefield.
>
>
>
### *[languid](http://www.thefreedictionary.com/languid)*
>
> * down below in the land that forgot time we are eking forwards like a slow languid glacier
> * Overhead, the yellow sun and the green sun circled each other with a languid incessant inevitability
>
>
>
### *[scant](http://www.thefreedictionary.com/scant) movement*
>
> * Together with these deposits, and generally at a somewhat lower altitude,
> there exist deposits that are clearly morainic, either lateral moraines or rock glaciers, with very little fine fraction, due to the scant movement of the glaciers.
> * The luscious green trees were scantily moving to the soft breeze, birds were chirping, it was an amazing scenery.
>
>
>
### *(variations on) slow*
>
> * Attempts have been made to explain these wide-ranging deposits as being laid down by a **slowly meandering** glacier.
> * Humboldt, a very wide but **slow-moving** and **slow-changing** glacier, lies just to the west of Petermann Glacier
> * It's a slow, **grindingly slow**, tortoise and the hare slow, glacier slide slow, birth of a star slow type of song.
>
>
> | Perhaps **[snail-like](http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/snail-like)**?
>
> resembling a snail, esp in moving very slowly
>
>
>
Also consider **[inexorable](http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/inexorable)**
>
> not able to be stopped or changed
>
>
>
while it does not, in itself, convey *slow*, it could be coupled with *crawl*, which does.
**Inexorable crawl** sounds like a *glacier* to me. |
127,773 | I usually use "glacial" to denote something as very slow-moving, but this time I am actually talking about a glacier so it can't be "the glacial glacier".
[These](http://thesaurus.com/browse/glacial) are the synonyms of "glacial" (They all mean cold)
[These](http://thesaurus.com/browse/slow-moving) are for "slow-moving", but none seem to actually imply the persistent slow movement of a glacier. | 2013/09/18 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/127773",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/50025/"
] | >
> Relentless
> ----------
>
>
>
Only by this word do we begin to approach the true being and essence of the glacier.
### Perception of Time
Human perception grasps relations between things before a thing itself: to know what a thing *is*, we must first ask what it *does*. This question, put to a glacier, initially leaves us speechless.
A glacier does – a glacier is – what? Ice – yes, but this gets us no further. The attributive word *slow* hoves into view, on schedule, whenever we think of glaciers, but this is quite wrong: in a very important, originary sense, *slow* can never capture what a thing does, or what a thing is, essentially.
### Slowness, it is *not*
Slow, when we consult its origin in the language, wants to say that its object somehow deviates from its true being or purpose. Its primary meaning relates to the defective working of a mind, as in someone who’s not up to proper mental speed. This defection, when pursued hard enough, overtakes the initial – instrumental or pragmatic – remissness to become a moral fault, as *sloth*, a later derivation from slow. But the notion of speed itself is deceptive: actually it’s foreign to the origin of this word.
From
* the Old English *slaw* (inactive, sluggish, dull) and
* its roots in the Old Saxon *sleu* and
* Old High German *sleo* (both meaning blunt, dull)
we have the primordial and real image of a metal utensil, whether knife or plough or, more ceremoniously, a sword, that has fallen from its proper use by the corrosion of a cutting edge.
Speed, or lack of speed, dilatoriness, has therefore little to do with the word slow, unless it lingers behind the frustration of having to expend more time in cutting, striking, ploughing etc with the duller edge to achieve the utensil’s desired end.
### Essence & Nature
So we must ask again: what does a glacier do? Certainly, it is ice. But what does ice do? Ice, unlike its other physical cognates – rain, snow – is not accompanied by a ready collection of doing-verbs. Rain falls and saturates the parched earth with its gift; snow falls and collects beautifully in drifts (“Covering earth in forgetful snow” – TS Eliot), the prime image of the winter eclipse of the land’s abundance; water runs and flows and streams and spills, everywhere giving life.
These are vital articulations of the earth’s lexicon of seasonal and shaping forces. But the most we can say of ice in this respect is that it *melts*. Curiously, *slow* recurs here – but indirectly, in its secondary, derived sense as a lack of speed – to lend its pallor to the melting process.
But ***melt*** itself is another occlusion: a word that is foreign to the being of ice. In its Danish, Old High German and Swedish origins, melting was a process undergone by bodies once they had exceeded their point of ripeness or ideal period of use or consumption: in the case of inanimate organic matter (pears, apples, harvested barley) this meant rotting; in the case of people, this meant corporeal decay and dissolution.
In *melt* we take the short step over the life-threshold to *moult* and then *mould* – where the evidence of decay and uselessness becomes manifest. So, despite appearances, *melt* is an odd fit as the essential doing-verb for ice, because ice would have had no real agency or use for men and women personally, or at a societal level, to fall away or decay from (it was only among Mediterranean cultures that ice was used as a food-preservative as in Northern Europe and Scandinavia the colder climate did the job: the Romans used to cart oysters from Colchester in Essex to Rome packed in ice and wrapped in parcels of hay). So ice, viewed in its larger forms – as a glacier for example – requires a verb of greater scope, unattached to localised human processes and activities.
### Relentless origins
To this end, *relentless* begins to help. To *relent* is, effectively, to melt, to subside to the condition of slow, viscous or supple, contained in the Latin *lentus*. To refuse to do this, to willfully preserve this hard, inhuman solidity (*relent* was originally used in the context of the softening of a human heart: [“The notion is probably of a hard heart melting with pity.”](http://www.etymonline.com))
Such gets translated spatially into the idea of movement, of determined progress at all costs, becomes a kind of non-human automatic grind, nicely approaching what a glacier in fact does and is. But *relent* is still located in a human scale: and the reason it begins to resonate with glacier is the converse suggestion – of something nonhuman, larger-then-human, something almost godlike, in the familiar sense that all natural forces – sun, moon, stars, seasons, rainfall – were godlike, as in bathed with the divine aura and agency of deities, in earlier moments of historical-cultural development.
### Godlike Relentlessness
To move further on this: glaciers are indeed godlike, in the vital sense that they *create*: their true doing, what they do, which *relentless* hints at while being merely an image at the crust of the real thing, is *shape* the *land*. In its origin (Old Saxon, Old German, Old Frisian, via Middle English) to *shape* was to *create* and *fashion*, and, mysteriously and beautifully, to *draw water from the source*.
This is what glaciers do: like gods, they command the elements in the service of real creation; they draw water from its source, the sky, and bodying this colossal force, they redraw the earth beneath us, bequeathing their legacy, centuries later, in the valleys and terrains we call our home. The reason then, that we have no name for what glaciers do and are, is perhaps because we have forgotten the awe due to them as creative titans possessed of godlike powers. We readily say what a hawk does: it hunts and catches food to feed its young; like us, it builds its nest and nurtures the coming generations. But glaciers are beyond this human scale, and our forgetfulness of what they do, and how they are, perhaps exhibits the curtailing and shrinking latent in our anthropocentric, anthropomorphising cognitive tendencies.
---
This is a very roundabout way of giving an answer to your question but perhaps it suggests a new path towards truer descriptions.
Glaciers are landforms, yes: but they are also *landforming*, *landshaping*, and *relentless* in their being of these things. | thanks to this question I was able to discover a new word! Try **[testudineous](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/testudineous)**:
>
> **Alternative forms** [testudinous](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/testudinous#English)
>
>
> *Adjective* (comparative more ***testudineous***, superlative most ***testudineous***)
>
>
> * Characteristic of a tortoise, or the shell of a tortoise
> * As slow as a tortoise
>
>
> |
127,773 | I usually use "glacial" to denote something as very slow-moving, but this time I am actually talking about a glacier so it can't be "the glacial glacier".
[These](http://thesaurus.com/browse/glacial) are the synonyms of "glacial" (They all mean cold)
[These](http://thesaurus.com/browse/slow-moving) are for "slow-moving", but none seem to actually imply the persistent slow movement of a glacier. | 2013/09/18 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/127773",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/50025/"
] | I have encountered ***creeping*** in the context of glaciers before.
[***creeping***](http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/creeping)
>
> advancing or developing gradually.
>
>
> moving very slowly at a steady pace.
>
>
>
Another suitable adjective is ***sluggish***. | May I submit ***relentless*** which dodges the question slightly; but, in my defence, I feel glaciers are not known for their startling pace, quite yet, anyway.
Closer to your request is ***restless*** to suggest movement, unrelieved. |
127,773 | I usually use "glacial" to denote something as very slow-moving, but this time I am actually talking about a glacier so it can't be "the glacial glacier".
[These](http://thesaurus.com/browse/glacial) are the synonyms of "glacial" (They all mean cold)
[These](http://thesaurus.com/browse/slow-moving) are for "slow-moving", but none seem to actually imply the persistent slow movement of a glacier. | 2013/09/18 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/127773",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/50025/"
] | You should have stated what register you were writing in. Journalistic (columnistic or newsy?), literary, academic etc. Helpful would've been a specification whether the adjective within your context should denote exclusively the rate of movement, or it can be multihued. Depending on how much you're allowed or inclined to wax poetic, you might decide to chose from among one of these (they're all "googlable"):
### *crawling*
>
> * These ever changing, ever moving crawling glaciers are very different from the high glacier plateau which they decend from.
> * These had accumulated there over the last few millions of years deposited by the crawling bellies of glaciers long since gone.
>
>
>
### *[torpid](http://www.thefreedictionary.com/torpid)*
>
> * The arctics down whose voiceless valleys the torpid glaciers creep, the parched deserts of the tropics,...
>
>
>
### *[slothful](http://www.thefreedictionary.com/slothful)*
>
> * This side glacier, which comes in from the south, slid down its valley out over Sherman Glacier, and ended up almost at the terminal of Sherman, a slothful receding glacier.
> * To the naked eye, glacial activity looks like anything but action. It may put up an appearance of functioning as a stagnant blockage of the water cycle; a stunt of the grunt, if you will, eternally stuck in a rut rather than accomplishing much for its mother to be proud of. In fact, it may be tempting to call a glacier **slothful**, reclusive, just a big hunk (unfortunately not the kind of hunks we've been looking for), and taking up good potential driving passage. We don't mind our Icefield.
>
>
>
### *[languid](http://www.thefreedictionary.com/languid)*
>
> * down below in the land that forgot time we are eking forwards like a slow languid glacier
> * Overhead, the yellow sun and the green sun circled each other with a languid incessant inevitability
>
>
>
### *[scant](http://www.thefreedictionary.com/scant) movement*
>
> * Together with these deposits, and generally at a somewhat lower altitude,
> there exist deposits that are clearly morainic, either lateral moraines or rock glaciers, with very little fine fraction, due to the scant movement of the glaciers.
> * The luscious green trees were scantily moving to the soft breeze, birds were chirping, it was an amazing scenery.
>
>
>
### *(variations on) slow*
>
> * Attempts have been made to explain these wide-ranging deposits as being laid down by a **slowly meandering** glacier.
> * Humboldt, a very wide but **slow-moving** and **slow-changing** glacier, lies just to the west of Petermann Glacier
> * It's a slow, **grindingly slow**, tortoise and the hare slow, glacier slide slow, birth of a star slow type of song.
>
>
> | May I submit ***relentless*** which dodges the question slightly; but, in my defence, I feel glaciers are not known for their startling pace, quite yet, anyway.
Closer to your request is ***restless*** to suggest movement, unrelieved. |
127,773 | I usually use "glacial" to denote something as very slow-moving, but this time I am actually talking about a glacier so it can't be "the glacial glacier".
[These](http://thesaurus.com/browse/glacial) are the synonyms of "glacial" (They all mean cold)
[These](http://thesaurus.com/browse/slow-moving) are for "slow-moving", but none seem to actually imply the persistent slow movement of a glacier. | 2013/09/18 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/127773",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/50025/"
] | Perhaps **[snail-like](http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/snail-like)**?
>
> resembling a snail, esp in moving very slowly
>
>
>
Also consider **[inexorable](http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/inexorable)**
>
> not able to be stopped or changed
>
>
>
while it does not, in itself, convey *slow*, it could be coupled with *crawl*, which does.
**Inexorable crawl** sounds like a *glacier* to me. | * Gradually but surely we shall change the world.
* The gradual pace of the glacier took place over millions of years, to carve the canyon.
[gradual](http://www.thefreedictionary.com/gradual) [ˈgrædjʊəl]
>
> adj.
>
>
> 1. taking place, changing, moving, etc., by small degrees or little by little: gradual improvement.
> 2. rising or descending at an even, moderate inclination: a gradual slope.
>
>
> n.
>
>
> 1. a. an antiphon sung between the Epistle and the Gospel in the Eucharistic service.
>
> b. a book containing the words and music of the parts of the liturgy that are sung by the choir.
>
>
> [1375–1425; late Middle English < Medieval Latin graduālis pertaining to steps, graduāle the part of the service sung as the choir stood on the altar steps = Latin gradu(s) step, grade + -ālis -al1]
>
>
> |
127,773 | I usually use "glacial" to denote something as very slow-moving, but this time I am actually talking about a glacier so it can't be "the glacial glacier".
[These](http://thesaurus.com/browse/glacial) are the synonyms of "glacial" (They all mean cold)
[These](http://thesaurus.com/browse/slow-moving) are for "slow-moving", but none seem to actually imply the persistent slow movement of a glacier. | 2013/09/18 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/127773",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/50025/"
] | thanks to this question I was able to discover a new word! Try **[testudineous](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/testudineous)**:
>
> **Alternative forms** [testudinous](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/testudinous#English)
>
>
> *Adjective* (comparative more ***testudineous***, superlative most ***testudineous***)
>
>
> * Characteristic of a tortoise, or the shell of a tortoise
> * As slow as a tortoise
>
>
> | * Gradually but surely we shall change the world.
* The gradual pace of the glacier took place over millions of years, to carve the canyon.
[gradual](http://www.thefreedictionary.com/gradual) [ˈgrædjʊəl]
>
> adj.
>
>
> 1. taking place, changing, moving, etc., by small degrees or little by little: gradual improvement.
> 2. rising or descending at an even, moderate inclination: a gradual slope.
>
>
> n.
>
>
> 1. a. an antiphon sung between the Epistle and the Gospel in the Eucharistic service.
>
> b. a book containing the words and music of the parts of the liturgy that are sung by the choir.
>
>
> [1375–1425; late Middle English < Medieval Latin graduālis pertaining to steps, graduāle the part of the service sung as the choir stood on the altar steps = Latin gradu(s) step, grade + -ālis -al1]
>
>
> |
127,773 | I usually use "glacial" to denote something as very slow-moving, but this time I am actually talking about a glacier so it can't be "the glacial glacier".
[These](http://thesaurus.com/browse/glacial) are the synonyms of "glacial" (They all mean cold)
[These](http://thesaurus.com/browse/slow-moving) are for "slow-moving", but none seem to actually imply the persistent slow movement of a glacier. | 2013/09/18 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/127773",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/50025/"
] | You should have stated what register you were writing in. Journalistic (columnistic or newsy?), literary, academic etc. Helpful would've been a specification whether the adjective within your context should denote exclusively the rate of movement, or it can be multihued. Depending on how much you're allowed or inclined to wax poetic, you might decide to chose from among one of these (they're all "googlable"):
### *crawling*
>
> * These ever changing, ever moving crawling glaciers are very different from the high glacier plateau which they decend from.
> * These had accumulated there over the last few millions of years deposited by the crawling bellies of glaciers long since gone.
>
>
>
### *[torpid](http://www.thefreedictionary.com/torpid)*
>
> * The arctics down whose voiceless valleys the torpid glaciers creep, the parched deserts of the tropics,...
>
>
>
### *[slothful](http://www.thefreedictionary.com/slothful)*
>
> * This side glacier, which comes in from the south, slid down its valley out over Sherman Glacier, and ended up almost at the terminal of Sherman, a slothful receding glacier.
> * To the naked eye, glacial activity looks like anything but action. It may put up an appearance of functioning as a stagnant blockage of the water cycle; a stunt of the grunt, if you will, eternally stuck in a rut rather than accomplishing much for its mother to be proud of. In fact, it may be tempting to call a glacier **slothful**, reclusive, just a big hunk (unfortunately not the kind of hunks we've been looking for), and taking up good potential driving passage. We don't mind our Icefield.
>
>
>
### *[languid](http://www.thefreedictionary.com/languid)*
>
> * down below in the land that forgot time we are eking forwards like a slow languid glacier
> * Overhead, the yellow sun and the green sun circled each other with a languid incessant inevitability
>
>
>
### *[scant](http://www.thefreedictionary.com/scant) movement*
>
> * Together with these deposits, and generally at a somewhat lower altitude,
> there exist deposits that are clearly morainic, either lateral moraines or rock glaciers, with very little fine fraction, due to the scant movement of the glaciers.
> * The luscious green trees were scantily moving to the soft breeze, birds were chirping, it was an amazing scenery.
>
>
>
### *(variations on) slow*
>
> * Attempts have been made to explain these wide-ranging deposits as being laid down by a **slowly meandering** glacier.
> * Humboldt, a very wide but **slow-moving** and **slow-changing** glacier, lies just to the west of Petermann Glacier
> * It's a slow, **grindingly slow**, tortoise and the hare slow, glacier slide slow, birth of a star slow type of song.
>
>
> | *Creeping* is great since it also implies forward motion which glacial does not. Another option might be simply *slow*, nothing wrong with the common words.
If you want something that implies a large mass moving slowly, go for [*ponderous*](http://www.thefreedictionary.com/ponderous).
Finally, another word for moving slowly is [*plodding*](http://www.thefreedictionary.com/plodding) |
79,930 | I removed engine oil cap and noticed the paint is peeling off the thread and will probably fall into the driv train/may already have.
If you zoom into the pic you can see paint peel is quite bad. This is a b16a2 rocker cover which I think someone painted - it’s not the original paint.
Anyway if this falls in could it harm the engine and if so what do you suggest I do to get the paint out of the thread without it falling in? Once I removed the paint should I just leave it as bare metal?
Thanks.[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/USlW6.jpg) | 2020/09/28 | [
"https://mechanics.stackexchange.com/questions/79930",
"https://mechanics.stackexchange.com",
"https://mechanics.stackexchange.com/users/26792/"
] | I wouldn't worry. The engine has a filter to catch this type of debris. It will be caught and removed at your next service. | Small paint flecks aren't going to destroy your engine, but there is a small possibility they could do damage or a large fleck could block oil flow. I wouldn't ring alarm bells because of this, but I wouldn't leave it either.
There's 2 ways you can get rid of the paint on the threads.
1. The best way is to remove that cover and brush, scrape and dissolve that paint off the threads and the top where the cap may rub, then replace the cover. That's more work, but it means you will get the paint off without any more of it going in your engine
2. You can also remove the paint with the cover attached, there is the risk some of it will fall into your engine and cause a problem. If you decide to remove the paint with the cover in place the way I'd go about it would be to soak a rag in paint thinner and press it up to the threads. Pressing it against the threads will let the solvent do the work and will knock less paint off into your oil |
79,930 | I removed engine oil cap and noticed the paint is peeling off the thread and will probably fall into the driv train/may already have.
If you zoom into the pic you can see paint peel is quite bad. This is a b16a2 rocker cover which I think someone painted - it’s not the original paint.
Anyway if this falls in could it harm the engine and if so what do you suggest I do to get the paint out of the thread without it falling in? Once I removed the paint should I just leave it as bare metal?
Thanks.[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/USlW6.jpg) | 2020/09/28 | [
"https://mechanics.stackexchange.com/questions/79930",
"https://mechanics.stackexchange.com",
"https://mechanics.stackexchange.com/users/26792/"
] | I wouldn't worry. The engine has a filter to catch this type of debris. It will be caught and removed at your next service. | This might take some time but what I would do is use a vacuum with small adapter like crevice tool and slowly pick away at the threads to remove the paint sucking up all that you pick at. Unless you remove the item completely. I would pour a quart or so of oil through it maybe picking up paint and taking it to the oil pan. Then I would change the filter and oil Just an idea! Leave the threads bare, don’t repaint! Just a thought! |
79,930 | I removed engine oil cap and noticed the paint is peeling off the thread and will probably fall into the driv train/may already have.
If you zoom into the pic you can see paint peel is quite bad. This is a b16a2 rocker cover which I think someone painted - it’s not the original paint.
Anyway if this falls in could it harm the engine and if so what do you suggest I do to get the paint out of the thread without it falling in? Once I removed the paint should I just leave it as bare metal?
Thanks.[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/USlW6.jpg) | 2020/09/28 | [
"https://mechanics.stackexchange.com/questions/79930",
"https://mechanics.stackexchange.com",
"https://mechanics.stackexchange.com/users/26792/"
] | Small paint flecks aren't going to destroy your engine, but there is a small possibility they could do damage or a large fleck could block oil flow. I wouldn't ring alarm bells because of this, but I wouldn't leave it either.
There's 2 ways you can get rid of the paint on the threads.
1. The best way is to remove that cover and brush, scrape and dissolve that paint off the threads and the top where the cap may rub, then replace the cover. That's more work, but it means you will get the paint off without any more of it going in your engine
2. You can also remove the paint with the cover attached, there is the risk some of it will fall into your engine and cause a problem. If you decide to remove the paint with the cover in place the way I'd go about it would be to soak a rag in paint thinner and press it up to the threads. Pressing it against the threads will let the solvent do the work and will knock less paint off into your oil | This might take some time but what I would do is use a vacuum with small adapter like crevice tool and slowly pick away at the threads to remove the paint sucking up all that you pick at. Unless you remove the item completely. I would pour a quart or so of oil through it maybe picking up paint and taking it to the oil pan. Then I would change the filter and oil Just an idea! Leave the threads bare, don’t repaint! Just a thought! |
1,058,374 | I installed the ppa:ondrej/php repository for php and performed an apt-get upgrade. Little did I know it had a lot of libraries packages installed that I have no idea about, so I was wondering if they are safe to stay on the system or not? | 2021/03/26 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/1058374",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/540785/"
] | The PPA is maintained by [Ondřej Surý](https://deb.sury.org/), a Debian developer who has been packaging PHP for Debian since PHP 5. It's up to you whether that fits your own definition of "safe", whatever that is. | Sadly, you'll never know. When using Personal Package Archive (PPA) you're by your own.
There's a post which explains with more detailed caveats :
<https://askubuntu.com/questions/35629/are-ppas-safe-to-add-to-my-system-and-what-are-some-red-flags-to-watch-out-for> |
100,264 | I recently had the bilges of my narrowboat painted. They used a paint with two components that needed to be mixed, and warned me that it contained 'isocyanates', and to avoid sleeping on the boat until the fumes had cleared.
They said it was aircraft paint they had left over from another job, and that it would be very hard and so good for preventing rust in a place which is unventilated, damp, and uninspectable.
Initially the smell was overpowering, but they told me that the fumes would go away in a week or so.
A month later, although the smell has gone down a lot, there's still a smell of paint fumes in my bedroom.
Does anyone know what these fumes are likely to be? The smell itself isn't too troubling, but I wonder if they're poisonous.
I tried sleeping there last night, and woke up with a slight sore throat and have had a mild headache today (might be coincidence, of course...)
Any good ideas for getting rid of the fumes, apart from the horror option of ripping up the whole of the boat and grinding off all the paint and re-doing it? Will they eventually just go away on their own? Is there any way to speed the process? | 2016/10/01 | [
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/100264",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/60766/"
] | I'll start by saying that I'm a big fan of following instructions. However, there are exceptions to rules sometimes.
Let's assume for the sake of argument that you don't spend an inordinate amount of time in the closet with the boiler and the door closed. So risk of CO poisoning in there is pretty slim.
Let's also assume that you spend time in the living space. If you place the CO detector in that living space, it should warn you of danger without being overloaded by proximity to the appliance.
So, I'd put it in the hall by the closet. | I'd say put it inside the closet.
If you get false alarms, consider moving it.
Else, it's the best place to alert you.
Chances are if the boiler is working well, you'll never hear a peep from the detector. Hopefully you did get the type that shows you the CO level, so you can check if you're getting zero or something higher. |
100,264 | I recently had the bilges of my narrowboat painted. They used a paint with two components that needed to be mixed, and warned me that it contained 'isocyanates', and to avoid sleeping on the boat until the fumes had cleared.
They said it was aircraft paint they had left over from another job, and that it would be very hard and so good for preventing rust in a place which is unventilated, damp, and uninspectable.
Initially the smell was overpowering, but they told me that the fumes would go away in a week or so.
A month later, although the smell has gone down a lot, there's still a smell of paint fumes in my bedroom.
Does anyone know what these fumes are likely to be? The smell itself isn't too troubling, but I wonder if they're poisonous.
I tried sleeping there last night, and woke up with a slight sore throat and have had a mild headache today (might be coincidence, of course...)
Any good ideas for getting rid of the fumes, apart from the horror option of ripping up the whole of the boat and grinding off all the paint and re-doing it? Will they eventually just go away on their own? Is there any way to speed the process? | 2016/10/01 | [
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/100264",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/60766/"
] | I'll start by saying that I'm a big fan of following instructions. However, there are exceptions to rules sometimes.
Let's assume for the sake of argument that you don't spend an inordinate amount of time in the closet with the boiler and the door closed. So risk of CO poisoning in there is pretty slim.
Let's also assume that you spend time in the living space. If you place the CO detector in that living space, it should warn you of danger without being overloaded by proximity to the appliance.
So, I'd put it in the hall by the closet. | The detector is there to protect people not the furnace. It should be in the living space not the utility space. And you should have one on each level |
100,264 | I recently had the bilges of my narrowboat painted. They used a paint with two components that needed to be mixed, and warned me that it contained 'isocyanates', and to avoid sleeping on the boat until the fumes had cleared.
They said it was aircraft paint they had left over from another job, and that it would be very hard and so good for preventing rust in a place which is unventilated, damp, and uninspectable.
Initially the smell was overpowering, but they told me that the fumes would go away in a week or so.
A month later, although the smell has gone down a lot, there's still a smell of paint fumes in my bedroom.
Does anyone know what these fumes are likely to be? The smell itself isn't too troubling, but I wonder if they're poisonous.
I tried sleeping there last night, and woke up with a slight sore throat and have had a mild headache today (might be coincidence, of course...)
Any good ideas for getting rid of the fumes, apart from the horror option of ripping up the whole of the boat and grinding off all the paint and re-doing it? Will they eventually just go away on their own? Is there any way to speed the process? | 2016/10/01 | [
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/100264",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/60766/"
] | I'd say put it inside the closet.
If you get false alarms, consider moving it.
Else, it's the best place to alert you.
Chances are if the boiler is working well, you'll never hear a peep from the detector. Hopefully you did get the type that shows you the CO level, so you can check if you're getting zero or something higher. | The detector is there to protect people not the furnace. It should be in the living space not the utility space. And you should have one on each level |
39,835 | When laying hardie backer I was told to make my joints as tight as possible, so I imagine I'll run into this often.
Currently I have a standard 6' board that just barely doesn't fit inside the lip of the tub (I'm leaving a 1/4" gap below per hardie board's instructions).
What is the best way to shave off a piece of hardy board so I can make a tight fit?
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 2014/03/10 | [
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/39835",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/18575/"
] | I am not saying this is the cleanest or the most practical but I will just tell you what I do... Angle grinder with diamond blade. I cut these pieces only outside and I wear proper goggles and mask. It is one of the only times that I overdo safety.
This is the only way I can get a clean small cut in HB. If I use a knife it will take a few scores, then I bend it and since the bent area is small, the break won't be even at all. | You can use one of those cheese grater looking rasps most people use for drywall. They're called serrated contour planes.
Something like the [Stanley Surform Pocket Plane](http://www.stanleytools.com/default.asp?CATEGORY=SURFORM%20TOOLS%20AND%20BLADES&TYPE=PRODUCT&PARTNUMBER=21-399&SDesc=6"%20Surform®%20Pocket%20Plane) or [Stanley Surform Plane-Type](http://www.stanleytools.com/default.asp?CATEGORY=SURFORM+TOOLS+AND+BLADES&TYPE=PRODUCT&PARTNUMBER=21-296&SDesc=Surform%26%23174%3B+Plane+Type+%96+Regular+Cut+Blade)
Those tools will be quicker/easier and make less of a mess than using a power saw. Or at least a more controlled mess. You can also use a utility knife with a sharp blade but the rasps are easier to use and safer. |
39,835 | When laying hardie backer I was told to make my joints as tight as possible, so I imagine I'll run into this often.
Currently I have a standard 6' board that just barely doesn't fit inside the lip of the tub (I'm leaving a 1/4" gap below per hardie board's instructions).
What is the best way to shave off a piece of hardy board so I can make a tight fit?
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 2014/03/10 | [
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/39835",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/18575/"
] | You can use one of those cheese grater looking rasps most people use for drywall. They're called serrated contour planes.
Something like the [Stanley Surform Pocket Plane](http://www.stanleytools.com/default.asp?CATEGORY=SURFORM%20TOOLS%20AND%20BLADES&TYPE=PRODUCT&PARTNUMBER=21-399&SDesc=6"%20Surform®%20Pocket%20Plane) or [Stanley Surform Plane-Type](http://www.stanleytools.com/default.asp?CATEGORY=SURFORM+TOOLS+AND+BLADES&TYPE=PRODUCT&PARTNUMBER=21-296&SDesc=Surform%26%23174%3B+Plane+Type+%96+Regular+Cut+Blade)
Those tools will be quicker/easier and make less of a mess than using a power saw. Or at least a more controlled mess. You can also use a utility knife with a sharp blade but the rasps are easier to use and safer. | we used a tub saw with an old blade.(NO WATER) cut out doors. use face mask and eye protection as it makes clouds of dust. draw size and cut free hand a the guide seemed to bind. cuts like butter!! even a perfect bevel. |
39,835 | When laying hardie backer I was told to make my joints as tight as possible, so I imagine I'll run into this often.
Currently I have a standard 6' board that just barely doesn't fit inside the lip of the tub (I'm leaving a 1/4" gap below per hardie board's instructions).
What is the best way to shave off a piece of hardy board so I can make a tight fit?
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 2014/03/10 | [
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/39835",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/18575/"
] | I am not saying this is the cleanest or the most practical but I will just tell you what I do... Angle grinder with diamond blade. I cut these pieces only outside and I wear proper goggles and mask. It is one of the only times that I overdo safety.
This is the only way I can get a clean small cut in HB. If I use a knife it will take a few scores, then I bend it and since the bent area is small, the break won't be even at all. | we used a tub saw with an old blade.(NO WATER) cut out doors. use face mask and eye protection as it makes clouds of dust. draw size and cut free hand a the guide seemed to bind. cuts like butter!! even a perfect bevel. |
84,385 | Can anyone tell me how I can use 2 Views exposed filters to filter nodes published between the two selected dates? | 2013/09/02 | [
"https://drupal.stackexchange.com/questions/84385",
"https://drupal.stackexchange.com",
"https://drupal.stackexchange.com/users/1471/"
] | Use the Date Views module that comes shipped with [Date](http://drupal.org/project/date). Add a filter to your view using the Date: Date option.
Now you can use the "In Between" option to either select between two specific dates, or relative dates (within the past 30 days of right now). Make sure to check "Expose this filter to views".
 | You can add 'Content revision: Updated date' filter and another filter (not exposed) which is 'published' - true.
 |
651 | I have a motto, "My class is not an Olympic swimming pool! It is a museum full of the masterwork paintings! Relax and enjoy all of this mathematical beauty which I am drawing on the blackboard!"
By this sentence I mean that in my point of view *the best mathematicians are those who enjoy beauty of math more not those who enjoy to be called as a great mathematician.*
I don't like the *competition* atmosphere in my class because students effort to prove themselves as the best mathematicians of the class is contradictory with my teaching philosophy. Also it harms the team work morale of this small society. In this direction I try to avoid any kind of unnecessary *comparison* between my students because it commences a competition amongst them.
On the other hand I try to encourage them to team works for exploring mathematical wonderland and discovering more and more beauties of the teaching subject. The personal improvement of each student follows from this team works naturally and what is much more important is their ethical improvement during these group activities which learn them how to work together for the benefits of all.
**Question 1.** How can I encourage my students to work together as a team? What are the practical ways for achieving this goal?
**Question 2.** Tests in any sense (including exams, quizzes, etc.) increase the comparison (and so the competition) atmosphere of the community of my students. How can I design a test free course with fair enough marks which are acceptable for both students and me at the end of semester? In the other words, is there a more "soft" testing method different from the classic exams with an acceptable accuracy which measures the team work morale of each student?
**Remark.** I don't believe in numerical marks for measuring students at all. I think it is too simple-minded (and sometimes too harmful) to refer the abilities of a human just by a number. But unfortunately it seems this inappropriate method will be the common method of almost all math departments at least in the short future because there is no other known effective substitute for it.
Please explain your ideas and suggestions even if they are strange, unnatural and completely new. | 2014/03/21 | [
"https://matheducators.stackexchange.com/questions/651",
"https://matheducators.stackexchange.com",
"https://matheducators.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | Getting people to really work together is hard. Encourage them to form study groups, so they start working together on small projects (solve individual problems), learn how to organize themselves (where, when to meet, what to prepare). Make them organize a short seminar on some topic (contact invited speakers, but have them handle the rest). Encourage independent groups/clubs, even in totally unrelated matters. Ask for help organizing welcome for new students.
As in everything, you learn not by seeing how it is done, but by doing (and making your own mistakes on the way, preferably where they don't matter much). | Groupwork sucks. In any field groupwork is used because it is necessary - you need to row in sync to make the boat go faster, or you need four people to carry a coffin - not because people actually enjoy it. Do not introduce groupwork where it is not needed. Comparison is good. Competition is good. As long as you don't grade on a curve your students should be all right (because grading on a curve sucks). |
651 | I have a motto, "My class is not an Olympic swimming pool! It is a museum full of the masterwork paintings! Relax and enjoy all of this mathematical beauty which I am drawing on the blackboard!"
By this sentence I mean that in my point of view *the best mathematicians are those who enjoy beauty of math more not those who enjoy to be called as a great mathematician.*
I don't like the *competition* atmosphere in my class because students effort to prove themselves as the best mathematicians of the class is contradictory with my teaching philosophy. Also it harms the team work morale of this small society. In this direction I try to avoid any kind of unnecessary *comparison* between my students because it commences a competition amongst them.
On the other hand I try to encourage them to team works for exploring mathematical wonderland and discovering more and more beauties of the teaching subject. The personal improvement of each student follows from this team works naturally and what is much more important is their ethical improvement during these group activities which learn them how to work together for the benefits of all.
**Question 1.** How can I encourage my students to work together as a team? What are the practical ways for achieving this goal?
**Question 2.** Tests in any sense (including exams, quizzes, etc.) increase the comparison (and so the competition) atmosphere of the community of my students. How can I design a test free course with fair enough marks which are acceptable for both students and me at the end of semester? In the other words, is there a more "soft" testing method different from the classic exams with an acceptable accuracy which measures the team work morale of each student?
**Remark.** I don't believe in numerical marks for measuring students at all. I think it is too simple-minded (and sometimes too harmful) to refer the abilities of a human just by a number. But unfortunately it seems this inappropriate method will be the common method of almost all math departments at least in the short future because there is no other known effective substitute for it.
Please explain your ideas and suggestions even if they are strange, unnatural and completely new. | 2014/03/21 | [
"https://matheducators.stackexchange.com/questions/651",
"https://matheducators.stackexchange.com",
"https://matheducators.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | Elizabeth Cohen and Rachel Lotan of Stanford University have written about an approach called [Complex Instruction](http://cgi.stanford.edu/group/pci/cgi-bin/site.cgi) that supports students [working together and learning from each other](http://www.uvm.edu/complexinstruction/about%5fci.html).
Some of the principles involve:
* Group worth tasks: The tasks must be challenging enough so that you need to work with others, cannot be solved easily on your own
* Assigning different roles and responsibilities to different students (again, promotes interdependence)
* Assessing both the process of working together and the final product -- group and individual accountability as well
This approach also involves addressing issues of status -- who is the "smart" one -- as when the tasks are challenging, different people can contribute something (a new way to see the question, a unique representation that allows for a connection) so that different people are smart in different ways, and we all need each others' forms of smartness. | Groupwork sucks. In any field groupwork is used because it is necessary - you need to row in sync to make the boat go faster, or you need four people to carry a coffin - not because people actually enjoy it. Do not introduce groupwork where it is not needed. Comparison is good. Competition is good. As long as you don't grade on a curve your students should be all right (because grading on a curve sucks). |
1,422,825 | I am unable to set the refresh rate above 60Hz, but my display's native refresh rate is 144Hz. The mouse and windows have a delay and a ghost effect when I move them around. It's hard to use the mouse accurately. Even the typing experience is slow. I am not sure if drivers are even installed.
I have a Ryzen 5 3600, a Radeon 5700 XT, and 32GB RAM. The display is a [BenQ EX3203R](https://www.benq.com/en-ca/monitor/gaming/ex3203r.html) with a native resolution of 2560x1440 @ 144Hz.
Things that I tried so far:
* Set the refresh rate to 120Hz under the settings, but it reverts back to 60Hz. 144Hz is not even an option in display settings. Setting the refresh rate to anything except 60Hz automatically reverts back to 60Hz.
* Downloaded and installed AMD drivers from their website
* Updated and upgraded all packages
* Tried to manually edit the GRUB file to add 144hz to my native resolution
* Tried with both HDMI and Displayport cables
* Tried a live session directly from the pen-drive (same issue occurs)
Downscaling the resolution from 2560x1440 to 1920x1080 fixes the refresh rate issue, but I want to be able to use the native resolution.
Here is my GRUB config and my display settings:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/GSujh.png)
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/jFVKV.png) | 2022/08/10 | [
"https://askubuntu.com/questions/1422825",
"https://askubuntu.com",
"https://askubuntu.com/users/1621859/"
] | Finally solved it!
The problem was related to the FreeSync technology. After reading the manual, I realized that depending if you have FreeSync enabled or not, the color profile and refresh rate are actually different. I found this information on [the user manual](https://esupportdownload.benq.com/esupport/LCD%20MONITOR/UserManual/EX3203R/EX3203R_UM_EN_201204181603.pdf) (page 44).
Since this was enabled, Ubuntu was (perhaps correctly?) not recognizing 144hz. Just make sure you restart your computer **after** disabling FreeSync on your monitor and updating the GRUB file with the desired resolution and refresh rate.
Thank you everyone who guided me to the right direction. | The BenQ EX3203R, according to the [official documentation](https://esupportdownload.benq.com/esupport/LCD%20MONITOR/UserManual/EX3203R/EX3203R_RF_EN_210104180503.pdf), p. 3 table, and confirmed by the manufacturer's Customer Service does indeed support **2560x1440 @ 144Hz** but for **consoles only**.
When used with a **PC** the monitor is limited to **2560x1440 @ 60Hz**.
This is presented in the aforementioned table as "PC timing" (PC) and "Video timing" (Console).
As tested by the OP it may show the 144Hz option in Windows or Mac but it's unclear whether it's actually using it or just reporting what was queried, or whether it can actually achieve the "official unsupported" timing in specific circumstances (e.g. when triggered by a game). Users should assume and expect 60Hz anyway. |
288,508 | I don't know why, but some of the equations in my **Word 2007** document just won't print. They are left blank in the actual print, despite being correctly shown in the *Print Preview*.
The same happens if I try to convert the document to a **PDF** file using the virtual *Adobe Acrobat* printer.
In both cases missing equations happen to be on pages where some picture has been inserted (which displays fine, by the way).
Trying to export to **PDF** using the built-in converter gives even worse results - all equations are missing.
Do you have some clues what could be causing such issues?
---
As requested here are some sample files. I've stripped all non-essential text, but it should be sufficient:
* [.docx with missing equations (generated in Word 2007)](http://www.dvl.pl/assets/Private/MissingEquations.docx)
+ [.pdf version of the same document (generated using the virtual printer - Adobe Acrobat Distiller)](http://www.dvl.pl/assets/Private/MissingEquations.pdf)
+ [.pdf version of the same document (generated using built-in "save as PDF" functionality)](http://www.dvl.pl/assets/Private/MissingEquations-builtin.pdf)
+ [.pdf version of the same document (generated using built-in "save as PDF" functionality on another system - all equations visible)](http://www.dvl.pl/assets/Private/MissingEquations-builtin-correct.pdf)
* [.docx with chart removed (equations print fine)](http://www.dvl.pl/assets/Private/MissingEquations-NoChart.docx)
+ [.pdf version of the same document (generated using the virtual printer - Adobe Acrobat Distiller)](http://www.dvl.pl/assets/Private/MissingEquations-NoChart.pdf)
---
The thing is - I suspect it's some kind of a font issue. I was forced to find a workaround as the matter was rather urgent. Fortunately, the document printed correctly when opened on another computer. But the math font looked differently after printing to PDF (though good enough to be acceptable).
What I can't understand is why removing graphics (Excel charts, pictures etc.) from the page solves the issue in the original faulty environment. | 2011/05/25 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/288508",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/33222/"
] | A simple solution which worked for me in Vista:
Save As.....PDF or XPS....
then within the Save window there is an Options button...
Tick the box next to "Bitmap test where fonts may not be embedded" | The answer for these problems are:
Decrease (reduce) the quality of pictures (not only change the size of picture in the Word file. I mean move the corner of picture) in your page which include missing equations by using any photo software. I think because of RAM not enough. |
288,508 | I don't know why, but some of the equations in my **Word 2007** document just won't print. They are left blank in the actual print, despite being correctly shown in the *Print Preview*.
The same happens if I try to convert the document to a **PDF** file using the virtual *Adobe Acrobat* printer.
In both cases missing equations happen to be on pages where some picture has been inserted (which displays fine, by the way).
Trying to export to **PDF** using the built-in converter gives even worse results - all equations are missing.
Do you have some clues what could be causing such issues?
---
As requested here are some sample files. I've stripped all non-essential text, but it should be sufficient:
* [.docx with missing equations (generated in Word 2007)](http://www.dvl.pl/assets/Private/MissingEquations.docx)
+ [.pdf version of the same document (generated using the virtual printer - Adobe Acrobat Distiller)](http://www.dvl.pl/assets/Private/MissingEquations.pdf)
+ [.pdf version of the same document (generated using built-in "save as PDF" functionality)](http://www.dvl.pl/assets/Private/MissingEquations-builtin.pdf)
+ [.pdf version of the same document (generated using built-in "save as PDF" functionality on another system - all equations visible)](http://www.dvl.pl/assets/Private/MissingEquations-builtin-correct.pdf)
* [.docx with chart removed (equations print fine)](http://www.dvl.pl/assets/Private/MissingEquations-NoChart.docx)
+ [.pdf version of the same document (generated using the virtual printer - Adobe Acrobat Distiller)](http://www.dvl.pl/assets/Private/MissingEquations-NoChart.pdf)
---
The thing is - I suspect it's some kind of a font issue. I was forced to find a workaround as the matter was rather urgent. Fortunately, the document printed correctly when opened on another computer. But the math font looked differently after printing to PDF (though good enough to be acceptable).
What I can't understand is why removing graphics (Excel charts, pictures etc.) from the page solves the issue in the original faulty environment. | 2011/05/25 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/288508",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/33222/"
] | I've managed to find a **working solution to this problem**. I don't know really why it behaves like this, but I've come across a similar topic ([Acrobat v8 doesn't like Cambria](http://forums.adobe.com/thread/510096?tstart=1)) on the Adobe Forums.
The fix suggested by *jallisy* in the original topic:
>
> Do you have XP for OS? Here is the Microsoft solution
>
>
> **Try the steps mentioned below and check if that helps:**
>
>
> *Windows XP > Control panel > Regional and language options > Languages tab >* check the box for '*install files for complex script*' and click on apply.
>
>
>
does indeed work in my case.
After applying this and restarting, the faulty system behaves the same as the netbook. **Using the "*Save as PDF or XPS*" I get the equations displayed correctly, though in a bit lower quality** (exactly the same behavior as on the other system).
However, the *Acrobat Distiller* (virtual printer) **does now generate high-quality selectable equations both for pages without graphics** (which it did before) **and pages with accompanying graphics** (which was not working correctly).
To be honest, I have no clue why there's such a quirk, but I'm glad it gets resolved in the presented manner. | The answer for these problems are:
Decrease (reduce) the quality of pictures (not only change the size of picture in the Word file. I mean move the corner of picture) in your page which include missing equations by using any photo software. I think because of RAM not enough. |
288,508 | I don't know why, but some of the equations in my **Word 2007** document just won't print. They are left blank in the actual print, despite being correctly shown in the *Print Preview*.
The same happens if I try to convert the document to a **PDF** file using the virtual *Adobe Acrobat* printer.
In both cases missing equations happen to be on pages where some picture has been inserted (which displays fine, by the way).
Trying to export to **PDF** using the built-in converter gives even worse results - all equations are missing.
Do you have some clues what could be causing such issues?
---
As requested here are some sample files. I've stripped all non-essential text, but it should be sufficient:
* [.docx with missing equations (generated in Word 2007)](http://www.dvl.pl/assets/Private/MissingEquations.docx)
+ [.pdf version of the same document (generated using the virtual printer - Adobe Acrobat Distiller)](http://www.dvl.pl/assets/Private/MissingEquations.pdf)
+ [.pdf version of the same document (generated using built-in "save as PDF" functionality)](http://www.dvl.pl/assets/Private/MissingEquations-builtin.pdf)
+ [.pdf version of the same document (generated using built-in "save as PDF" functionality on another system - all equations visible)](http://www.dvl.pl/assets/Private/MissingEquations-builtin-correct.pdf)
* [.docx with chart removed (equations print fine)](http://www.dvl.pl/assets/Private/MissingEquations-NoChart.docx)
+ [.pdf version of the same document (generated using the virtual printer - Adobe Acrobat Distiller)](http://www.dvl.pl/assets/Private/MissingEquations-NoChart.pdf)
---
The thing is - I suspect it's some kind of a font issue. I was forced to find a workaround as the matter was rather urgent. Fortunately, the document printed correctly when opened on another computer. But the math font looked differently after printing to PDF (though good enough to be acceptable).
What I can't understand is why removing graphics (Excel charts, pictures etc.) from the page solves the issue in the original faulty environment. | 2011/05/25 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/288508",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/33222/"
] | I had the same problem with a page that contained an image, all other pages printed well. My solution was to put the image into a New Drawing Canvas (Word -> Insert -> Shapes -> New Drawing Canvas). After that, all equations printed fine
Dimitris | A simple solution which worked for me in Vista:
Save As.....PDF or XPS....
then within the Save window there is an Options button...
Tick the box next to "Bitmap test where fonts may not be embedded" |
288,508 | I don't know why, but some of the equations in my **Word 2007** document just won't print. They are left blank in the actual print, despite being correctly shown in the *Print Preview*.
The same happens if I try to convert the document to a **PDF** file using the virtual *Adobe Acrobat* printer.
In both cases missing equations happen to be on pages where some picture has been inserted (which displays fine, by the way).
Trying to export to **PDF** using the built-in converter gives even worse results - all equations are missing.
Do you have some clues what could be causing such issues?
---
As requested here are some sample files. I've stripped all non-essential text, but it should be sufficient:
* [.docx with missing equations (generated in Word 2007)](http://www.dvl.pl/assets/Private/MissingEquations.docx)
+ [.pdf version of the same document (generated using the virtual printer - Adobe Acrobat Distiller)](http://www.dvl.pl/assets/Private/MissingEquations.pdf)
+ [.pdf version of the same document (generated using built-in "save as PDF" functionality)](http://www.dvl.pl/assets/Private/MissingEquations-builtin.pdf)
+ [.pdf version of the same document (generated using built-in "save as PDF" functionality on another system - all equations visible)](http://www.dvl.pl/assets/Private/MissingEquations-builtin-correct.pdf)
* [.docx with chart removed (equations print fine)](http://www.dvl.pl/assets/Private/MissingEquations-NoChart.docx)
+ [.pdf version of the same document (generated using the virtual printer - Adobe Acrobat Distiller)](http://www.dvl.pl/assets/Private/MissingEquations-NoChart.pdf)
---
The thing is - I suspect it's some kind of a font issue. I was forced to find a workaround as the matter was rather urgent. Fortunately, the document printed correctly when opened on another computer. But the math font looked differently after printing to PDF (though good enough to be acceptable).
What I can't understand is why removing graphics (Excel charts, pictures etc.) from the page solves the issue in the original faulty environment. | 2011/05/25 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/288508",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/33222/"
] | This problem may occur for a paragraph which contains only equation and has text direction of Right-to-Left.
The solution for such case is either:
* Change text direction of the paragraph (which contains only equation) from Right-To-Left to Left-to-Right.
* Add some text to Right-to-Left paragraphs that contain equations (bullets or numbering is enough) | Save file as open text document (odt), open saved file with OpenOffice.
This worked for me while the other answers here weren't applicable (because I'm using windows 7 and not XP). |
288,508 | I don't know why, but some of the equations in my **Word 2007** document just won't print. They are left blank in the actual print, despite being correctly shown in the *Print Preview*.
The same happens if I try to convert the document to a **PDF** file using the virtual *Adobe Acrobat* printer.
In both cases missing equations happen to be on pages where some picture has been inserted (which displays fine, by the way).
Trying to export to **PDF** using the built-in converter gives even worse results - all equations are missing.
Do you have some clues what could be causing such issues?
---
As requested here are some sample files. I've stripped all non-essential text, but it should be sufficient:
* [.docx with missing equations (generated in Word 2007)](http://www.dvl.pl/assets/Private/MissingEquations.docx)
+ [.pdf version of the same document (generated using the virtual printer - Adobe Acrobat Distiller)](http://www.dvl.pl/assets/Private/MissingEquations.pdf)
+ [.pdf version of the same document (generated using built-in "save as PDF" functionality)](http://www.dvl.pl/assets/Private/MissingEquations-builtin.pdf)
+ [.pdf version of the same document (generated using built-in "save as PDF" functionality on another system - all equations visible)](http://www.dvl.pl/assets/Private/MissingEquations-builtin-correct.pdf)
* [.docx with chart removed (equations print fine)](http://www.dvl.pl/assets/Private/MissingEquations-NoChart.docx)
+ [.pdf version of the same document (generated using the virtual printer - Adobe Acrobat Distiller)](http://www.dvl.pl/assets/Private/MissingEquations-NoChart.pdf)
---
The thing is - I suspect it's some kind of a font issue. I was forced to find a workaround as the matter was rather urgent. Fortunately, the document printed correctly when opened on another computer. But the math font looked differently after printing to PDF (though good enough to be acceptable).
What I can't understand is why removing graphics (Excel charts, pictures etc.) from the page solves the issue in the original faulty environment. | 2011/05/25 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/288508",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/33222/"
] | Today I have the same problem with exporting Word 2007 equations in PDF using save as -> PDF. Recently I was using [doPDF](http://www.dopdf.com/) to export Cyrillic texts and I decided to try it with the word equations. It worked perfectly!
Referencing another forum discussion in [acrobat users blog](http://acrobatusers.com/forum/PDF-creation/problem-converting-word-2007-equations) I found the real word solution - simply load the “Files for Complex Script and right-to-left languages” found under the "Languages" tab in Regional and Language Options in the control panel
You will need a Windows XP SP3 CD and restart. The Saving the docx as PDF after this manipulation works perfectly! | The answer for these problems are:
Decrease (reduce) the quality of pictures (not only change the size of picture in the Word file. I mean move the corner of picture) in your page which include missing equations by using any photo software. I think because of RAM not enough. |
288,508 | I don't know why, but some of the equations in my **Word 2007** document just won't print. They are left blank in the actual print, despite being correctly shown in the *Print Preview*.
The same happens if I try to convert the document to a **PDF** file using the virtual *Adobe Acrobat* printer.
In both cases missing equations happen to be on pages where some picture has been inserted (which displays fine, by the way).
Trying to export to **PDF** using the built-in converter gives even worse results - all equations are missing.
Do you have some clues what could be causing such issues?
---
As requested here are some sample files. I've stripped all non-essential text, but it should be sufficient:
* [.docx with missing equations (generated in Word 2007)](http://www.dvl.pl/assets/Private/MissingEquations.docx)
+ [.pdf version of the same document (generated using the virtual printer - Adobe Acrobat Distiller)](http://www.dvl.pl/assets/Private/MissingEquations.pdf)
+ [.pdf version of the same document (generated using built-in "save as PDF" functionality)](http://www.dvl.pl/assets/Private/MissingEquations-builtin.pdf)
+ [.pdf version of the same document (generated using built-in "save as PDF" functionality on another system - all equations visible)](http://www.dvl.pl/assets/Private/MissingEquations-builtin-correct.pdf)
* [.docx with chart removed (equations print fine)](http://www.dvl.pl/assets/Private/MissingEquations-NoChart.docx)
+ [.pdf version of the same document (generated using the virtual printer - Adobe Acrobat Distiller)](http://www.dvl.pl/assets/Private/MissingEquations-NoChart.pdf)
---
The thing is - I suspect it's some kind of a font issue. I was forced to find a workaround as the matter was rather urgent. Fortunately, the document printed correctly when opened on another computer. But the math font looked differently after printing to PDF (though good enough to be acceptable).
What I can't understand is why removing graphics (Excel charts, pictures etc.) from the page solves the issue in the original faulty environment. | 2011/05/25 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/288508",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/33222/"
] | Today I have the same problem with exporting Word 2007 equations in PDF using save as -> PDF. Recently I was using [doPDF](http://www.dopdf.com/) to export Cyrillic texts and I decided to try it with the word equations. It worked perfectly!
Referencing another forum discussion in [acrobat users blog](http://acrobatusers.com/forum/PDF-creation/problem-converting-word-2007-equations) I found the real word solution - simply load the “Files for Complex Script and right-to-left languages” found under the "Languages" tab in Regional and Language Options in the control panel
You will need a Windows XP SP3 CD and restart. The Saving the docx as PDF after this manipulation works perfectly! | A simple solution which worked for me in Vista:
Save As.....PDF or XPS....
then within the Save window there is an Options button...
Tick the box next to "Bitmap test where fonts may not be embedded" |
288,508 | I don't know why, but some of the equations in my **Word 2007** document just won't print. They are left blank in the actual print, despite being correctly shown in the *Print Preview*.
The same happens if I try to convert the document to a **PDF** file using the virtual *Adobe Acrobat* printer.
In both cases missing equations happen to be on pages where some picture has been inserted (which displays fine, by the way).
Trying to export to **PDF** using the built-in converter gives even worse results - all equations are missing.
Do you have some clues what could be causing such issues?
---
As requested here are some sample files. I've stripped all non-essential text, but it should be sufficient:
* [.docx with missing equations (generated in Word 2007)](http://www.dvl.pl/assets/Private/MissingEquations.docx)
+ [.pdf version of the same document (generated using the virtual printer - Adobe Acrobat Distiller)](http://www.dvl.pl/assets/Private/MissingEquations.pdf)
+ [.pdf version of the same document (generated using built-in "save as PDF" functionality)](http://www.dvl.pl/assets/Private/MissingEquations-builtin.pdf)
+ [.pdf version of the same document (generated using built-in "save as PDF" functionality on another system - all equations visible)](http://www.dvl.pl/assets/Private/MissingEquations-builtin-correct.pdf)
* [.docx with chart removed (equations print fine)](http://www.dvl.pl/assets/Private/MissingEquations-NoChart.docx)
+ [.pdf version of the same document (generated using the virtual printer - Adobe Acrobat Distiller)](http://www.dvl.pl/assets/Private/MissingEquations-NoChart.pdf)
---
The thing is - I suspect it's some kind of a font issue. I was forced to find a workaround as the matter was rather urgent. Fortunately, the document printed correctly when opened on another computer. But the math font looked differently after printing to PDF (though good enough to be acceptable).
What I can't understand is why removing graphics (Excel charts, pictures etc.) from the page solves the issue in the original faulty environment. | 2011/05/25 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/288508",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/33222/"
] | This problem may occur for a paragraph which contains only equation and has text direction of Right-to-Left.
The solution for such case is either:
* Change text direction of the paragraph (which contains only equation) from Right-To-Left to Left-to-Right.
* Add some text to Right-to-Left paragraphs that contain equations (bullets or numbering is enough) | I had the same problem with a page that contained an image, all other pages printed well. My solution was to put the image into a New Drawing Canvas (Word -> Insert -> Shapes -> New Drawing Canvas). After that, all equations printed fine
Dimitris |
288,508 | I don't know why, but some of the equations in my **Word 2007** document just won't print. They are left blank in the actual print, despite being correctly shown in the *Print Preview*.
The same happens if I try to convert the document to a **PDF** file using the virtual *Adobe Acrobat* printer.
In both cases missing equations happen to be on pages where some picture has been inserted (which displays fine, by the way).
Trying to export to **PDF** using the built-in converter gives even worse results - all equations are missing.
Do you have some clues what could be causing such issues?
---
As requested here are some sample files. I've stripped all non-essential text, but it should be sufficient:
* [.docx with missing equations (generated in Word 2007)](http://www.dvl.pl/assets/Private/MissingEquations.docx)
+ [.pdf version of the same document (generated using the virtual printer - Adobe Acrobat Distiller)](http://www.dvl.pl/assets/Private/MissingEquations.pdf)
+ [.pdf version of the same document (generated using built-in "save as PDF" functionality)](http://www.dvl.pl/assets/Private/MissingEquations-builtin.pdf)
+ [.pdf version of the same document (generated using built-in "save as PDF" functionality on another system - all equations visible)](http://www.dvl.pl/assets/Private/MissingEquations-builtin-correct.pdf)
* [.docx with chart removed (equations print fine)](http://www.dvl.pl/assets/Private/MissingEquations-NoChart.docx)
+ [.pdf version of the same document (generated using the virtual printer - Adobe Acrobat Distiller)](http://www.dvl.pl/assets/Private/MissingEquations-NoChart.pdf)
---
The thing is - I suspect it's some kind of a font issue. I was forced to find a workaround as the matter was rather urgent. Fortunately, the document printed correctly when opened on another computer. But the math font looked differently after printing to PDF (though good enough to be acceptable).
What I can't understand is why removing graphics (Excel charts, pictures etc.) from the page solves the issue in the original faulty environment. | 2011/05/25 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/288508",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/33222/"
] | This problem may occur for a paragraph which contains only equation and has text direction of Right-to-Left.
The solution for such case is either:
* Change text direction of the paragraph (which contains only equation) from Right-To-Left to Left-to-Right.
* Add some text to Right-to-Left paragraphs that contain equations (bullets or numbering is enough) | The answer for these problems are:
Decrease (reduce) the quality of pictures (not only change the size of picture in the Word file. I mean move the corner of picture) in your page which include missing equations by using any photo software. I think because of RAM not enough. |
288,508 | I don't know why, but some of the equations in my **Word 2007** document just won't print. They are left blank in the actual print, despite being correctly shown in the *Print Preview*.
The same happens if I try to convert the document to a **PDF** file using the virtual *Adobe Acrobat* printer.
In both cases missing equations happen to be on pages where some picture has been inserted (which displays fine, by the way).
Trying to export to **PDF** using the built-in converter gives even worse results - all equations are missing.
Do you have some clues what could be causing such issues?
---
As requested here are some sample files. I've stripped all non-essential text, but it should be sufficient:
* [.docx with missing equations (generated in Word 2007)](http://www.dvl.pl/assets/Private/MissingEquations.docx)
+ [.pdf version of the same document (generated using the virtual printer - Adobe Acrobat Distiller)](http://www.dvl.pl/assets/Private/MissingEquations.pdf)
+ [.pdf version of the same document (generated using built-in "save as PDF" functionality)](http://www.dvl.pl/assets/Private/MissingEquations-builtin.pdf)
+ [.pdf version of the same document (generated using built-in "save as PDF" functionality on another system - all equations visible)](http://www.dvl.pl/assets/Private/MissingEquations-builtin-correct.pdf)
* [.docx with chart removed (equations print fine)](http://www.dvl.pl/assets/Private/MissingEquations-NoChart.docx)
+ [.pdf version of the same document (generated using the virtual printer - Adobe Acrobat Distiller)](http://www.dvl.pl/assets/Private/MissingEquations-NoChart.pdf)
---
The thing is - I suspect it's some kind of a font issue. I was forced to find a workaround as the matter was rather urgent. Fortunately, the document printed correctly when opened on another computer. But the math font looked differently after printing to PDF (though good enough to be acceptable).
What I can't understand is why removing graphics (Excel charts, pictures etc.) from the page solves the issue in the original faulty environment. | 2011/05/25 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/288508",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/33222/"
] | I've managed to find a **working solution to this problem**. I don't know really why it behaves like this, but I've come across a similar topic ([Acrobat v8 doesn't like Cambria](http://forums.adobe.com/thread/510096?tstart=1)) on the Adobe Forums.
The fix suggested by *jallisy* in the original topic:
>
> Do you have XP for OS? Here is the Microsoft solution
>
>
> **Try the steps mentioned below and check if that helps:**
>
>
> *Windows XP > Control panel > Regional and language options > Languages tab >* check the box for '*install files for complex script*' and click on apply.
>
>
>
does indeed work in my case.
After applying this and restarting, the faulty system behaves the same as the netbook. **Using the "*Save as PDF or XPS*" I get the equations displayed correctly, though in a bit lower quality** (exactly the same behavior as on the other system).
However, the *Acrobat Distiller* (virtual printer) **does now generate high-quality selectable equations both for pages without graphics** (which it did before) **and pages with accompanying graphics** (which was not working correctly).
To be honest, I have no clue why there's such a quirk, but I'm glad it gets resolved in the presented manner. | A simple solution which worked for me in Vista:
Save As.....PDF or XPS....
then within the Save window there is an Options button...
Tick the box next to "Bitmap test where fonts may not be embedded" |
363,429 | I'm currently stuck in the process of trying to finalize a modded world in Minecraft. I need to repopulate ALREADY CREATED chunks with ores from mods.
For more context:
* We're trying to use a 1.7.10 **Earth** map. We found a couple, all of which look fine and okay.
* We're also trying to use a 1.7.10 modpack
that is personalized to fit our Minecraft experience. It includes
simpler mods like ArchimedesShips and Flans as well as
worldgen-spawning stuff like Thermal Foundation, IC2, Tinker's
Construct, and Pam's HarvestCraft
Particularly, the combination of the above premises is something I can't do, but are exactly what I need to do. I'm fairly familiar with MCEdit, MultiMC, COFHCore, WorldEdit, etc., so any combination of such to produce the modded ores would be the appreciated. The closest I've gotten to such a world was using COFHCore to regen ores which kinda did it. Through some config file tampering I got Thermal Foundation ores to generate in the Vanilla Earth map. However, two problems arose: ONLY thermal foundation ores were regen-ing into the vanilla map, and it simply took too long and by the time I checked in (2 hours into regening) on how much has regened, only a part of India got all the cool new ores.
I know this might seem impossible, but I got close to what I was hoping for, so I know it's possible. I'm hoping that someone out there might know the answer or at least another step to finding it. This is a really cool idea and I would appreciate any help. Thank you.
*NOTE* All help is appreciated, but please don't ask me to delete chunks in MCEdit. I understand that I can delete chunks to get new chunks with modded stuff, but that's not what I'm looking for. | 2020/02/01 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/363429",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/243437/"
] | Assuming that, for example, the Earth map has nothing relevant below level 65 (or however far down you need to go). Start any old map with all the relevant mods and allow it to generate sufficient chunks so that it is the same size as your earth map.
Copy everything from the generated world at say, level 60 and lower and copy it into you earth map at level 60 and down. Replacing the vanilla generated ores with the modded ones.
Its a hell of a lot of work, so you might create a sort of grid system. Coping 10 by 10 chunk areas at a time and deleting them (or cut and paste) from the generated world as you go to help you line them up.
You might also start by deleting everything level 60 and below so you can see your progress. | I, off the top of my head, recommend selecting a large area of the modded ores in WorldEdit, going over to the already loaded chunks, and manually pasting the ores around everywhere. I'm sure there's a more efficient way of doing this, but this is probably the easiest way I can think of that doesn't require any other programs. The command would be something like
//pos1 ~1000 ~-255 ~1000
//pos2 ~-1000 ~255 ~-1000
//paste
**Make sure to paste it elsewhere, to avoid having a giant chunk of land in your world**
Select the pasted chunk
//replace (all blocks other than your special ores) air
//copy
Then go back to the terrain and paste your structure (which should be all ore veins) with
//paste -a
This will paste only the ores and not disturb anything around them. Not keeping the *-a* could paste all of the selected blocks, including air, and would thus create a massive cube of floating ore veins.
The only downside I can see with this method is there being floating ores inside caves. Not sure what to do there.
Good luck! |
42,247 | How long can [century eggs](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Century_egg) last for refrigerated and unrefrigerated? I have some slightly cracked eggs from a friend who has stored it for months in his refrigerator.
[A few comments from this blog](http://nookandpantry.blogspot.com/2007/05/century-eggs.html) have suggested people have eaten unrefrigerated century eggs stored in a pantry for half a year with no ill effects.
Edit: It tasted great. | 2014/02/22 | [
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/questions/42247",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/users/10842/"
] | Was the limestone and hay wrapper cracked or the egg shells?
Century eggs are really only a few weeks-months old, actually. Though they do keep for long periods at room temperature. They're also damn tasty and have a lot of ammonia i.e. Very high PH (basic) so unlikely to spoil. | My friend in Taiwan says they will keep refrigerated for up to 5 months - possibly longer but why risk it? |
42,247 | How long can [century eggs](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Century_egg) last for refrigerated and unrefrigerated? I have some slightly cracked eggs from a friend who has stored it for months in his refrigerator.
[A few comments from this blog](http://nookandpantry.blogspot.com/2007/05/century-eggs.html) have suggested people have eaten unrefrigerated century eggs stored in a pantry for half a year with no ill effects.
Edit: It tasted great. | 2014/02/22 | [
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/questions/42247",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/users/10842/"
] | Century eggs are a preserved food. Unopened, they can last for a very long time, possibly years, without refrigeration. They are sold at my "local" Asian supermarket in the dry stock aisles. Once opened you can keep them in the refrigerator for a few days. Or make chok or congee and have the left overs for breakfast. | My friend in Taiwan says they will keep refrigerated for up to 5 months - possibly longer but why risk it? |
166,387 | I am trying to familiarize myself with Pathfinder 2e, which is also my first role-playing game in which I will be actively participating in live sessions. I am interested in creating a 1st level human Warpriest of Sarenrae, but I am having trouble figuring out the advantages and disadvantages of melee combat, since a cleric can provide assistance either through his weapon or through his divine magic.
Specifically, my deity's favored weapon is the scimitar, which for my character deals a damage of 1d6+2 (my strength's ability modifier). I have a +5 in a d20 roll for that weapon (my strength's ability modifier plus "trained").
On the other hand, I have also chosen Divine Lance as one of my cantrip spells, which is explained on page 331. Also, my Spell (Divine) DC is 17 (Wis +4, Prof +3):
>
> **Traditions** divine
>
>
> **Cast** [*two-actions*] somatic, verbal
>
>
> **Range** 30 feet **Targets** 1 creature
>
>
> You unleash a beam of divine energy. Choose an alignment your deity has (chaotic, evil, good, or lawful). You can’t cast this spell if you don’t have a deity or if your deity is true neutral. Make a ranged spell attack roll against the target’s AC. On a hit, the target takes damage of the chosen alignment type equal to 1d4 + your spellcasting ability modifier (double damage on a critical hit). The spell gains the trait of the alignment you chose.
>
>
> **Heightened (+1)** The damage increases by 1d4.
>
>
>
My question is, since I can cast that spell as many times as I want during a fight, why bothering using my scimitar? I imagine that being a Warpriest, using melee in combat would provide some advantage at least under certain circumstances, otherwise I see no point in selecting this particlar Doctrine instead of Cloistered. I would love to play a cleric of the kinds of [Kyra](https://pathfinderwiki.com/wiki/Kyra) but I am struggling to find a decent build suited for that role.
Perhaps it's due to my total lack of any experience with RPGs that I am overthinking it too much. However, If someone could point me in the right direction I would highly appreciate it. | 2020/03/15 | [
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/questions/166387",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/users/62564/"
] | Divine lance deals aligned damage
=================================
The spell's damage is effective only against certain enemies, those that have an alignment that conflicts with your deity's (see Core 452 on damage types). For example most beasts (likely foes at low levels) are neutral in terms of alignment and thus will not be hurt by the cantrip at all.
Divine lance is a ranged attack
===============================
As a ranged attack, the cantrip will provoke Attacks of Opportunity if cast at melee range.
There are magic weapons
=======================
This is mostly about higher levels, but I will include it for the sake of completeness. As the cantrip will gain damage as you level up, you will most likely have access to better and better magical weapons too, so they will not lag behind. Magical weapons might also have other desirable properties that can make them a superior choice. | While cantrips where designed to allow spellcasters to reliably contribute every turn, they are not necessarily a complete replacement for a standby weapon.
Divine Lance deals Alignment damage
-----------------------------------
As presented in [this answer](https://rpg.stackexchange.com/a/166390/28326), [Divine Lance](https://2e.aonprd.com/Spells.aspx?ID=84) deals
>
> Choose an alignment your deity has (chaotic, evil, good, or lawful). [...] the target takes damage of the chosen alignment type...
>
>
>
[Alignment Damage](https://2e.aonprd.com/Rules.aspx?ID=340) is only applied to its opposing alignment
>
> Weapons and effects keyed to a particular alignment can deal chaotic, evil, good, or lawful damage. These damage types apply only to creatures that have the opposing alignment trait. Chaotic damage harms only lawful creatures, evil damage harms only good creatures, good damage harms only evil creatures, and lawful damage harms only chaotic creatures.
>
>
>
[Chill Touch](https://2e.aonprd.com/Spells.aspx?ID=35) is a cantrip that does not deal alignment damage (although it's probably less appropriate for a Sarenite).
Divine Lance is two actions (as are many spells)
------------------------------------------------
During your typical turn (particularly at level 1) you have 3 actions. Using Divine Lance costs two of them, so you can only do it once per turn. Using the Strike action, by comparison, is only 1 action so you could do it up to 3 times (although you're more likely to do it twice and use your third action for something more productive).
Why not both?
-------------
It's worth carrying around a level-appropriate scimitar even if you don't plan on using it all the time.
On a given turn, nothing stops you from using your scimitar with one action and Divine Lance with your other two (other than range and the threat of Attacks of Opportunity from Fighters and similar creatures). This could be fairly effective because you're unlikely to hit with two stacks of Multiple Attack Penalty, but with only one you have a decent chance still. |
26,218,123 | I'd like to ask what is the best way to keep my hadoop cluster safe and schedule periodic backups.
Is it possible to do a live backup of the namenode? How do I set up a backup node? | 2014/10/06 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/26218123",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/2539645/"
] | You can setup a secondary namenode which will automatically take a backup of namenode periodically. In cases of namenode failure, you can use the secondary namenode to regenerate the namenode metadata.
You can also set up HA (high availability) in your cluster, so that if the namenode goes down, the cluster will automatically switch to the the alternate namenode created during HA. Please read more about HA here : <http://hadoop.apache.org/docs/r2.3.0/hadoop-yarn/hadoop-yarn-site/HDFSHighAvailabilityWithNFS.html> | @amar provided a solution to make sure your cluster is highly available. In addition, you should think about how best to protect the data on the Hadoop cluster against user error, logical corruption, disasters and there are different ways to do that. You can write scripts that use HDFS snapshots and distcp to accomplish what you need. If you don't want to write and maintain scripts, you can use solutions like Cloudera BDR or [Talena](http://www.talena-inc.com/product) which offer very comprehensive backup and DR capabilities. Note that I work for Talena. |
170,489 | I'm looking for an antonym of the word *spoiled*.
The sense of *spoiled* I have in mind is a positive one: "I've become spoiled by these comfy shoes."
I'm looking for a word or short phrase to say: "I've become *antispoiled* by these horrible shoes and now any other pair would be comfortable."
The closest phrase that I'm aware of is *to have one's standards lowered*, which isn't quite the same thing and certainly isn't very pithy. | 2014/05/14 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/170489",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/2566/"
] | I like the word [*desensitized*](http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/desensitize) here.
>
> : to cause (someone or something) to react less to or be less affected
> by something : to cause (someone or something) to be less sensitive
>
>
> | I suggest *humbled*. For example:
>
> I’ve become humbled by these horrible shoes.
>
>
> |
170,489 | I'm looking for an antonym of the word *spoiled*.
The sense of *spoiled* I have in mind is a positive one: "I've become spoiled by these comfy shoes."
I'm looking for a word or short phrase to say: "I've become *antispoiled* by these horrible shoes and now any other pair would be comfortable."
The closest phrase that I'm aware of is *to have one's standards lowered*, which isn't quite the same thing and certainly isn't very pithy. | 2014/05/14 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/170489",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/2566/"
] | Wouldn't an anastrophic antonym be the same word? If the word's meaning is reversed to mean its opposite (negative to positive, visa-versa) then wouldn't the word be the antonym of itself if taken in its original definition?
"I've become *spoiled* by these comfy shoes."
"I've become *spoiled* by these horrible shoes and now any other pair would be comfortable." | chastened / tamed ..or if you don't want it Wodehousean, subdued |
170,489 | I'm looking for an antonym of the word *spoiled*.
The sense of *spoiled* I have in mind is a positive one: "I've become spoiled by these comfy shoes."
I'm looking for a word or short phrase to say: "I've become *antispoiled* by these horrible shoes and now any other pair would be comfortable."
The closest phrase that I'm aware of is *to have one's standards lowered*, which isn't quite the same thing and certainly isn't very pithy. | 2014/05/14 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/170489",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/2566/"
] | I suggest *humbled*. For example:
>
> I’ve become humbled by these horrible shoes.
>
>
> | chastened / tamed ..or if you don't want it Wodehousean, subdued |
170,489 | I'm looking for an antonym of the word *spoiled*.
The sense of *spoiled* I have in mind is a positive one: "I've become spoiled by these comfy shoes."
I'm looking for a word or short phrase to say: "I've become *antispoiled* by these horrible shoes and now any other pair would be comfortable."
The closest phrase that I'm aware of is *to have one's standards lowered*, which isn't quite the same thing and certainly isn't very pithy. | 2014/05/14 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/170489",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/2566/"
] | You could say settled for less comfortable shoes.
settle for something
to agree to or accept something, although it is not exactly what you want | "These horrible shoes have made me *{less {fussy / choosy / discriminating}} / {more {easygoing / tolerant}},* and now any other pair would be comfortable." |
170,489 | I'm looking for an antonym of the word *spoiled*.
The sense of *spoiled* I have in mind is a positive one: "I've become spoiled by these comfy shoes."
I'm looking for a word or short phrase to say: "I've become *antispoiled* by these horrible shoes and now any other pair would be comfortable."
The closest phrase that I'm aware of is *to have one's standards lowered*, which isn't quite the same thing and certainly isn't very pithy. | 2014/05/14 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/170489",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/2566/"
] | Depending on context, perhaps *[chastened](http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/american/chasten?)*:
>
> to restrain from excess; subdue
>
>
>
In some cases, *[disciplined](http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/american/discipline?)* might work:
>
> to subject to discipline; train; control
>
>
> | "These horrible shoes have made me *{less {fussy / choosy / discriminating}} / {more {easygoing / tolerant}},* and now any other pair would be comfortable." |
170,489 | I'm looking for an antonym of the word *spoiled*.
The sense of *spoiled* I have in mind is a positive one: "I've become spoiled by these comfy shoes."
I'm looking for a word or short phrase to say: "I've become *antispoiled* by these horrible shoes and now any other pair would be comfortable."
The closest phrase that I'm aware of is *to have one's standards lowered*, which isn't quite the same thing and certainly isn't very pithy. | 2014/05/14 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/170489",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/2566/"
] | Depending on context, perhaps *[chastened](http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/american/chasten?)*:
>
> to restrain from excess; subdue
>
>
>
In some cases, *[disciplined](http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/american/discipline?)* might work:
>
> to subject to discipline; train; control
>
>
> | chastened / tamed ..or if you don't want it Wodehousean, subdued |
170,489 | I'm looking for an antonym of the word *spoiled*.
The sense of *spoiled* I have in mind is a positive one: "I've become spoiled by these comfy shoes."
I'm looking for a word or short phrase to say: "I've become *antispoiled* by these horrible shoes and now any other pair would be comfortable."
The closest phrase that I'm aware of is *to have one's standards lowered*, which isn't quite the same thing and certainly isn't very pithy. | 2014/05/14 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/170489",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/2566/"
] | * I've become so put-off by these horrible shoes.
* I've been so abused by these horrible shoes.
* I'm so darned fed up with these . . . | "These horrible shoes have made me *{less {fussy / choosy / discriminating}} / {more {easygoing / tolerant}},* and now any other pair would be comfortable." |
170,489 | I'm looking for an antonym of the word *spoiled*.
The sense of *spoiled* I have in mind is a positive one: "I've become spoiled by these comfy shoes."
I'm looking for a word or short phrase to say: "I've become *antispoiled* by these horrible shoes and now any other pair would be comfortable."
The closest phrase that I'm aware of is *to have one's standards lowered*, which isn't quite the same thing and certainly isn't very pithy. | 2014/05/14 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/170489",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/2566/"
] | Wouldn't an anastrophic antonym be the same word? If the word's meaning is reversed to mean its opposite (negative to positive, visa-versa) then wouldn't the word be the antonym of itself if taken in its original definition?
"I've become *spoiled* by these comfy shoes."
"I've become *spoiled* by these horrible shoes and now any other pair would be comfortable." | * I've become so put-off by these horrible shoes.
* I've been so abused by these horrible shoes.
* I'm so darned fed up with these . . . |
170,489 | I'm looking for an antonym of the word *spoiled*.
The sense of *spoiled* I have in mind is a positive one: "I've become spoiled by these comfy shoes."
I'm looking for a word or short phrase to say: "I've become *antispoiled* by these horrible shoes and now any other pair would be comfortable."
The closest phrase that I'm aware of is *to have one's standards lowered*, which isn't quite the same thing and certainly isn't very pithy. | 2014/05/14 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/170489",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/2566/"
] | *Indurated*:3. [to inure; accustom: to indurate oneself to privation and suffering](http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/indurate).
To be made *hardy*: [capable of enduring fatigue, hardship, exposure, etc.; sturdy; strong](http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/hardy) otherwise known as “hard as nails” (idiom) | How about *desperate*?
>
> "I've become desperate because of these horrible shoes and now any other pair would be comfortable."
>
>
>
Or, even better:
>
> "These horrible shoes have made me desperate and now any other pair would be comfortable."
>
>
> |
170,489 | I'm looking for an antonym of the word *spoiled*.
The sense of *spoiled* I have in mind is a positive one: "I've become spoiled by these comfy shoes."
I'm looking for a word or short phrase to say: "I've become *antispoiled* by these horrible shoes and now any other pair would be comfortable."
The closest phrase that I'm aware of is *to have one's standards lowered*, which isn't quite the same thing and certainly isn't very pithy. | 2014/05/14 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/170489",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/2566/"
] | I kind of like [*jaded*](http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/american/jaded?showCookiePolicy=true) here.
>
> I've become so jaded by these awful shoes that honestly any others would do.
>
>
>
My thinking here is that we use *spoiled* (in this context) to be the result of endless positive experiences associated with something, whereas *jaded* is the exact opposite: the result of endless negative experiences associated with something. | Great question.
I find it hard to believe **neglect** hasn't been mentioned yet.
To **spoil**:
>
> harm the character of one by being too lenient or indulgent
>
>
>
To **neglect**:
>
> 1) not pay proper attention to; disregard.
>
>
> 2) fail to care for properly
>
>
>
**Source**: OED
Your example:
>
> "I've become spoiled by these comfy shoes."
>
>
>
Versus:
>
> "I'd be remiss if I neglected to mention how comfortable these shoes are."
>
>
>
It's a bit awkward, but I think a more skilled linguist could easily devise a sentence to capture the essence of this antonym :) |
1,174,510 | i would like to learn the theory cellular automata and know more about the research being done in this field and the links with other related fields such as artificial inteligence, computabilty and language theory.
Any recommended books and online courses?
great!!! thanks a lot for your answers!!! (it says comments are not for thanks lol) | 2015/03/04 | [
"https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/1174510",
"https://math.stackexchange.com",
"https://math.stackexchange.com/users/220725/"
] | I really like the book *"Cellular Automata and Groups"* (which is in the link on the other topic on mathoverflow). [Here](https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/8592391/bok%253A978-3-642-14034-1.pdf) is a link for download it.
This book is very complete and reader-friendly. The appendix is very well done, all the proofs are extremly clear. Moreover, lof of nice topics are treated, for example amenable groups (the Tarski theorem is proved in an elementary way).
At the end, there is also a list of open problems and 7 or 8 pages of reference. | Have a look at the [lecture notes](http://users.utu.fi/jkari/ca/) of Jarkko Kari or his [survey article](http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tcs.2004.11.021). |
63,639,400 | I want to reduce and increase the font size of the text in a UILabel based on the screen size. I'm trying to build for iPhone 5s to iPad Pro screen size (if thats possible). The labels are in a vertical stack view | 2020/08/28 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/63639400",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/11918383/"
] | You can easily do that by changing the Autoshrink property of the label from its default value of Fixed Font Size to Minimum Font Scale.
Here I have attached an image to do that:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/VyAeU.png) | To achieve this:
1. click on the label and go to the attributes pane
2. change the "lines" to 0
3. In autoshrink click on minimum font size and set it to about half the size of your main font or a much smaller font |
207,241 | Lets say I buy something at some (physical) store and pay using a credit card on one of these electronic terminals. What information do the owners of this store get about me (or my credit card) from this transaction?
Can they find out whether multiple purchases were paid using the same credit card? | 2019/04/11 | [
"https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/207241",
"https://security.stackexchange.com",
"https://security.stackexchange.com/users/199943/"
] | From the card itself, the Merchant gets the [track data](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_stripe_card#Financial_cards), which includes card number, expiration date, and cardholder name.
If the Merchant requires zip code verification, they'll get your zip code, obviously.
(Card-Not-Present Merchants often get address data for billing/shipping purposes, but you asked about physical stores... and they get that from the Customer, not the card itself.)
The Merchant can track purchases made with that card within their store(s), but not those made at other, unconnected stores. Be aware that sometimes multiple stores (e.g. HomeGoods, TJ Maxx) are actually the same "Merchant" (TJX Companies).
The Processor, on the other hand, can correlate a single card's activity across multiple Merchants. They don't *generally* have transaction details ("what you bought") but they do have amounts, categories, Merchants, times, all of which may be provided to the Card Brands (Visa, Mastercard, ...) upon request, or law enforcement upon a subpoena.
Each processor will have a different view. If Processor A handles Merchants A, B, and C, and Processor B handles merchants D, E, and F, then the Processors will have completely disjoint sets of data to work with. In general most Merchants use a single Processor; some load-balance across multiple Processors for redundancy and availability, but most transactions will only be seen by one Processor.
Processors do a lot of data analysis to provide value-add, but not to the extent of providing individual cardholder details across Merchants. Most such data analysis is done on large, anonymous buckets, but others, like householding, require identifying factors be used in the analysis.
Processors, Card Brands, and Banks can also make loose inferences about what you're buying based on the [Merchant Category Code](https://www.creditcards.com/credit-card-news/merchant-category-codes-faq-credit-card-rewards.php) (MCC). These aren't very exact - those salted peanuts from the Exxon station might get classified as "Gas" - but they provide some guidance. These are the codes that Corporate-issued credit cards will use to block non-work transactions.
Finally, cards themselves are informative. Merchants can tell the difference between a prepaid card and a Black Card, and they can treat the cardholder differently in accordance with their status, for example extending discounts to higher-value-card holders. This is true not only in a physical store, where the Merchant sees your card; Processors can provide this sort of metadata to Card-Not-Present Merchants as well.
(The ability to determine the type of card is not unique to Processors; it's based on the BIN (the first 6 digits of the card) and you can look it up with freely available tools like [binlist.net](https://binlist.net/). However, since the list changes over time, and since it's only a portion of guidance, this is a service most usefully provided by a Processor. For example, anyone can tell if a card is a Black Card - but as a Merchant you might treat a Black Card with a high chargeback rate differently than the rest. Only the Processor can integrate that guidance.) | At the very least, they can get the card number. Most receipts will even have the last few digits of the card number printed on them, but the system will have had the full number at some point, and may well hold a tokenised version of the card number which is allowed under PCI (think of it being a random value which can be linked back to the card number by the tokenising service). Since the same card probably gives the same token each time (technically this is optional, but since it gives more information than the alternative, it's the more common in practice), they can go "this card also bought X, Y and Z on these dates".
They can't usually cross reference that data with other stores though - the token associated with a given card from store A is completely unrelated to that associated with a given card from store B, in a sensibly designed system. I don't know whether any tokenisation providers pool data from multiple clients, but that could be a potential nightmare under GDPR, so I'd assume not, at least in Europe.
The issuing bank can also see purchases being made, obviously, but usually in a per transaction basis, rather than individual items. That doesn't mean they can't make educated guesses about the purchases (e.g. if you make a payment to a business called "99p Donuts" for 99p, it's a pretty safe guess that you bought a donut...), |
207,241 | Lets say I buy something at some (physical) store and pay using a credit card on one of these electronic terminals. What information do the owners of this store get about me (or my credit card) from this transaction?
Can they find out whether multiple purchases were paid using the same credit card? | 2019/04/11 | [
"https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/207241",
"https://security.stackexchange.com",
"https://security.stackexchange.com/users/199943/"
] | At the very least, they can get the card number. Most receipts will even have the last few digits of the card number printed on them, but the system will have had the full number at some point, and may well hold a tokenised version of the card number which is allowed under PCI (think of it being a random value which can be linked back to the card number by the tokenising service). Since the same card probably gives the same token each time (technically this is optional, but since it gives more information than the alternative, it's the more common in practice), they can go "this card also bought X, Y and Z on these dates".
They can't usually cross reference that data with other stores though - the token associated with a given card from store A is completely unrelated to that associated with a given card from store B, in a sensibly designed system. I don't know whether any tokenisation providers pool data from multiple clients, but that could be a potential nightmare under GDPR, so I'd assume not, at least in Europe.
The issuing bank can also see purchases being made, obviously, but usually in a per transaction basis, rather than individual items. That doesn't mean they can't make educated guesses about the purchases (e.g. if you make a payment to a business called "99p Donuts" for 99p, it's a pretty safe guess that you bought a donut...), | Just to add to the previous answers: Apart from the obvious data that is entered during checkout, you can also get the issuing bank name from the first 6 numbers of the credit card number. With the bank name you can sometimes guess the country where the card was issued when you get a result like "Bank of China", "ANZ" or "Národná banka Slovenska".
I used this method (along with others) in an online store when calculating a risk factor before an order was shipped, to eliminate or flag orders that are placed with stolen credit card numbers.
If user IP, delivery address and bank card are all from different countries then your order would go on hold and flagged for manual review. |
207,241 | Lets say I buy something at some (physical) store and pay using a credit card on one of these electronic terminals. What information do the owners of this store get about me (or my credit card) from this transaction?
Can they find out whether multiple purchases were paid using the same credit card? | 2019/04/11 | [
"https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/207241",
"https://security.stackexchange.com",
"https://security.stackexchange.com/users/199943/"
] | From the card itself, the Merchant gets the [track data](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_stripe_card#Financial_cards), which includes card number, expiration date, and cardholder name.
If the Merchant requires zip code verification, they'll get your zip code, obviously.
(Card-Not-Present Merchants often get address data for billing/shipping purposes, but you asked about physical stores... and they get that from the Customer, not the card itself.)
The Merchant can track purchases made with that card within their store(s), but not those made at other, unconnected stores. Be aware that sometimes multiple stores (e.g. HomeGoods, TJ Maxx) are actually the same "Merchant" (TJX Companies).
The Processor, on the other hand, can correlate a single card's activity across multiple Merchants. They don't *generally* have transaction details ("what you bought") but they do have amounts, categories, Merchants, times, all of which may be provided to the Card Brands (Visa, Mastercard, ...) upon request, or law enforcement upon a subpoena.
Each processor will have a different view. If Processor A handles Merchants A, B, and C, and Processor B handles merchants D, E, and F, then the Processors will have completely disjoint sets of data to work with. In general most Merchants use a single Processor; some load-balance across multiple Processors for redundancy and availability, but most transactions will only be seen by one Processor.
Processors do a lot of data analysis to provide value-add, but not to the extent of providing individual cardholder details across Merchants. Most such data analysis is done on large, anonymous buckets, but others, like householding, require identifying factors be used in the analysis.
Processors, Card Brands, and Banks can also make loose inferences about what you're buying based on the [Merchant Category Code](https://www.creditcards.com/credit-card-news/merchant-category-codes-faq-credit-card-rewards.php) (MCC). These aren't very exact - those salted peanuts from the Exxon station might get classified as "Gas" - but they provide some guidance. These are the codes that Corporate-issued credit cards will use to block non-work transactions.
Finally, cards themselves are informative. Merchants can tell the difference between a prepaid card and a Black Card, and they can treat the cardholder differently in accordance with their status, for example extending discounts to higher-value-card holders. This is true not only in a physical store, where the Merchant sees your card; Processors can provide this sort of metadata to Card-Not-Present Merchants as well.
(The ability to determine the type of card is not unique to Processors; it's based on the BIN (the first 6 digits of the card) and you can look it up with freely available tools like [binlist.net](https://binlist.net/). However, since the list changes over time, and since it's only a portion of guidance, this is a service most usefully provided by a Processor. For example, anyone can tell if a card is a Black Card - but as a Merchant you might treat a Black Card with a high chargeback rate differently than the rest. Only the Processor can integrate that guidance.) | Just to add to the previous answers: Apart from the obvious data that is entered during checkout, you can also get the issuing bank name from the first 6 numbers of the credit card number. With the bank name you can sometimes guess the country where the card was issued when you get a result like "Bank of China", "ANZ" or "Národná banka Slovenska".
I used this method (along with others) in an online store when calculating a risk factor before an order was shipped, to eliminate or flag orders that are placed with stolen credit card numbers.
If user IP, delivery address and bank card are all from different countries then your order would go on hold and flagged for manual review. |
58,341,818 | I created my VM instance in Google cloud with no problems: 2 CPUs and 8GB RAM. However, I would like to increase it to 96CPU's and 138GB RAM. However, I am receiving the error message I can't have more than 24 CPU is my area (I tried all the areas and all say the same). On top of that, I also tried to create 24 CPU's in 2 different areas and I received the message that my maximum global CPU's is only 32 :-(
How can I fully use the power of more CPU's.
PS: I am using Windows Server 2019 as OS.
TIA | 2019/10/11 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/58341818",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/-1/"
] | There is a cores quota. You might want to increase it.
>
> CPU quota refers to the total number of virtual CPUs across all of
> your VM instances in a region. CPU quotas apply to running instances
> and instance reservations. Both normal and preemptible instances
> consume this quota.
>
>
> To protect Compute Engine systems and other users, some new accounts
> and projects also have a global CPUs (All Regions) quota that applies
> to all regions and is measured as a sum of all your vCPUs in all
> regions.
>
>
> For example, if you have 48 vCPUs remaining in a single region such as
> us-central1 but only 32 vCPUs remaining for the CPUs (All Regions)
> quota, you can launch only 32 vCPUs in the us-central1 region, even
> though there is remaining quota in the region. This is because you
> will reach the CPU (All Regions) quota and need to delete existing
> instances before you can launch new instances.
>
>
>
From: <https://cloud.google.com/compute/quotas#cpus>
To increase cores quota refer to: <https://support.google.com/cloud/answer/6376374?hl=en> | There's no affordable cloud hardware that has such specs, and Google wouldn't be providing such anyway. I guess if you found some "cloud" provider with modern big iron NUMA, you'd get that, but still it would be NUMA so shuttling data between the CPUs would incur overhead, and you'd be paying out the nose. You'll simply want to run multiple instances of that VM: since you can clearly parallelize the work to use multiple CPUs, then the process that has all those threads can be easily split to work across as many VMs as needed. |
136,062 | The highlighted portions are my calculations. I am unsure whether i am going in the right direction or my sig figs are off. Am I supposed to use only 3 sig figs or what the calculator shows?
volume delivered=(final volume from trial 1) – (initial volume from trial 1)
7.50 mL – 0.00 mL = 7.50 mL
mass water=(mass beaker + water) – (mass of empty beaker)
29.691 mL – 22.109 mL = 7.582 g
density water (mass water from trial 1) / (volume delivered from trial 1)
7.582 g / 7.50 mL = 1.01093 g/mL
average density= (density 1) + (density 2) + (density 3) + (density 4)/ 4
1.011 g/mL + 1.003 g/mL + 0.999 g/mL + 1.002 g/mL / 4 = 1.004 g/mL
% error= |theoretical value - experimental value| / theoretical value x 100
percent error = 0.997324 - 1.004/ 0.997324 = -0.00468 \* 100 = -0.47%
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/RT0Nb.png) | 2020/07/03 | [
"https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/136062",
"https://chemistry.stackexchange.com",
"https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/users/95558/"
] | Oscar has already explained that your calculations are fine. I see a serious practical problem though. I guess this is a lab experiment for teaching the concept of calibrating a pipette.
I am not aware of any typical 10 mL graduated pipette which can read volumes like 0.03 mL. Are you sure it is a pipet not a (micro)buret? How did someone read 0.03 mL as the initial reading on a pipet? How can one deliver 7.48 mL or 7.51 mL?
Proper calibration work of glassware in classical analytical chemistry requires buoyancy corrections.
Simple rule, don't worry about significant figures until the end. Your balance can read up to 3 decimal places. The calibrated volume by this hypothetical pipet can also be reported to 3 decimal places. | They look right to me except for the percent error calculation. You should render
Precent error = (Measured - theoreticel)/(theoretical) ×100%
Here that would be positive, but you have a negative number so it looks like you turned the formula around. |
54,502 | I saw "acc" in my question votes where were supposed to be the number of votes. What does it mean? | 2010/06/21 | [
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/54502",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/users/146353/"
] | It means the answer was accepted. | It sounds like you're viewing the alt text for an image that didn't load. Did you look at the HTML source? |
930,164 | I have 600 tiff files of aerial imagery (180MB each) on an external thumb drive. I need to transfer the tiff files from my desktop PC (Windows 7 pro) to a network attached storage (NAS) device attached to my virtual server (Windows Server 2008 R2 Standard). I have a 20 Mbps broadband connection on my desktop PC and a 1 Gbps connection on the virtual server. I have tried the following workflow:
1. Create VPN connection to virtual server
2. Map the NAS attached to the virtual server
3. Pull up two Windows Explorer windows: one for the tiff files on my
PC and another for the destination folder
4. Copy the tiff files and paste to the mapped destination folder on
the virtual server.
This method is painfully slow. What is a better, more efficient method to transfer files between a PC and a virtual server? Unfortunately, attaching an external drive to the VM host computer is not an option. | 2015/06/19 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/930164",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/285852/"
] | I did it with USB, You can plug it into Your PC, copy files on it, after finished, add it to the virtual machine.
Pro: fast
Con: no direct connection
For more solutions read [this](https://superuser.com/questions/324355/how-to-copy-files-from-local-machine-to-remote-virtual-machine)
EDIT: if You have only 20 Mbps upload speed on the desktop PC, then you will not be able to directly upload with more than 2.5 megabytes/second over the Ethernet. So You need to have a physical access to the PC running the virtual server/NAS. Than You can speed things up with the USB solution. | As @oldmud0 suggested, TIFF is a very inefficient format - you might get traction by converting the files to PNG (which won't loose the quality but is way smaller), or by compressing the files using ZIP before transferring them.
Another solution (which will be slower, but does not involve tampering with the files) would be to set up a VPN between the computer the files are being uploaded through and the server - the trick will be to turn compression ON on the VPN. You can, however drag and drop the files and get a substantial speedup.
Something else to be aware of - you have not specified the type of connection you have. Lots of connections (ADSL, VDSL in particular) advertise a speed which is the DOWNLOAD speed - the upload speed is very often only a small fraction of the upload speed. Thus if you have an ADSL connection with a 20 meg download, it is quite likely your upload speed is only 1 megabit - and this will be causing significant slowdown.
Another option which might be worth looking at - depending on your country etc, might be to go somewhere which has a high speed Internet connection and just upload the files from there (For example an Internet Cafe or Library connected by Fibre - there may or may not be issues with the amount of bandwidth you intend to use depending on the establishment and connectivity between them and the server. |
930,164 | I have 600 tiff files of aerial imagery (180MB each) on an external thumb drive. I need to transfer the tiff files from my desktop PC (Windows 7 pro) to a network attached storage (NAS) device attached to my virtual server (Windows Server 2008 R2 Standard). I have a 20 Mbps broadband connection on my desktop PC and a 1 Gbps connection on the virtual server. I have tried the following workflow:
1. Create VPN connection to virtual server
2. Map the NAS attached to the virtual server
3. Pull up two Windows Explorer windows: one for the tiff files on my
PC and another for the destination folder
4. Copy the tiff files and paste to the mapped destination folder on
the virtual server.
This method is painfully slow. What is a better, more efficient method to transfer files between a PC and a virtual server? Unfortunately, attaching an external drive to the VM host computer is not an option. | 2015/06/19 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/930164",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/285852/"
] | Since your NAS is located in a data center, you have very few options:
* You could compress the images into a significantly smaller format, such as JPEG (set to 100%), PNG, or even RAW. That would make your life much easier, especially when you have to download all that back onto your desktop.
* Put it all in a compressed archive (7z) and send it through. It would go slightly faster since it is one huge file rather than many tiny ones (and thus the upload would not
* If it is allowed, contact the datacenter to coordinate mailing in a 150 GB drive containing all your imagery (180 MB x 600 = 108 GB).
* Don't put it in the data center, and just keep numerous offline backups of the data instead. | As @oldmud0 suggested, TIFF is a very inefficient format - you might get traction by converting the files to PNG (which won't loose the quality but is way smaller), or by compressing the files using ZIP before transferring them.
Another solution (which will be slower, but does not involve tampering with the files) would be to set up a VPN between the computer the files are being uploaded through and the server - the trick will be to turn compression ON on the VPN. You can, however drag and drop the files and get a substantial speedup.
Something else to be aware of - you have not specified the type of connection you have. Lots of connections (ADSL, VDSL in particular) advertise a speed which is the DOWNLOAD speed - the upload speed is very often only a small fraction of the upload speed. Thus if you have an ADSL connection with a 20 meg download, it is quite likely your upload speed is only 1 megabit - and this will be causing significant slowdown.
Another option which might be worth looking at - depending on your country etc, might be to go somewhere which has a high speed Internet connection and just upload the files from there (For example an Internet Cafe or Library connected by Fibre - there may or may not be issues with the amount of bandwidth you intend to use depending on the establishment and connectivity between them and the server. |
307,578 | I'm running a server using OpenVZ for a few websites. Nothing in HN except for sshd. A VM for Varnish, a VM for MySQL and a few VMs each for one website (running Apache/PHP). Now I'd like to secure this server, mostly from network attack (I think).
What I should do? I see that I should not install Selinux in HN. Installation of CSF seems complicated (needs a few iptables rule fine-tunes).
Thanks, | 2011/09/02 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/307578",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/88934/"
] | Configuring firewall in the HW node is tricky as you have to consider all the traffic going through the node from/to your VPSs before enabling the firewall in HW node. You may need to do an audit and configure the firewall accordingly, if you are going to use one in the main node. Normally, DCs will use hardware firewall to protect the nodes from attacks to reduce the overhead of the node from managing all the traffic through its firewall (as you can assume, the node firewall has to manage all the traffic from/to the VPSs, which is really going to affect the performance if it hosts a number of busy VPSs) Disabling any unnecessary service in the main node (mail service, printer service..etc)and disabling direct root access will be sufficient in most cases. | Keeping your HN's system up to date and correctly configuring its firewalling rules should suffice. I recommend using Shorewall instead of bare iptables because it's so much easier to read (and hence easier to keep well configured). There's [specific documentation](http://www.shorewall.net/OpenVZ.html) for configuring Shorewall when OpenVZ is present.
Also remember to configure sshd in order to authenticate only through private keys and not with passwords. If you must use passwords, it'd better be good. If you have iLO or similar, tighten it up too. |
307,578 | I'm running a server using OpenVZ for a few websites. Nothing in HN except for sshd. A VM for Varnish, a VM for MySQL and a few VMs each for one website (running Apache/PHP). Now I'd like to secure this server, mostly from network attack (I think).
What I should do? I see that I should not install Selinux in HN. Installation of CSF seems complicated (needs a few iptables rule fine-tunes).
Thanks, | 2011/09/02 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/307578",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/88934/"
] | Keeping your HN's system up to date and correctly configuring its firewalling rules should suffice. I recommend using Shorewall instead of bare iptables because it's so much easier to read (and hence easier to keep well configured). There's [specific documentation](http://www.shorewall.net/OpenVZ.html) for configuring Shorewall when OpenVZ is present.
Also remember to configure sshd in order to authenticate only through private keys and not with passwords. If you must use passwords, it'd better be good. If you have iLO or similar, tighten it up too. | If using the standard venet automatic ip assigment of OpenVZ distributions (as proxmox) you need separate CSF / firewalls on host and virtual machines. This is, depending on your hosting or network config your venet IPs assigned to VMs are not necesarilly be protected.
We use Proxmox PVE and install separate CSF on host and each VM with a public IP. |
307,578 | I'm running a server using OpenVZ for a few websites. Nothing in HN except for sshd. A VM for Varnish, a VM for MySQL and a few VMs each for one website (running Apache/PHP). Now I'd like to secure this server, mostly from network attack (I think).
What I should do? I see that I should not install Selinux in HN. Installation of CSF seems complicated (needs a few iptables rule fine-tunes).
Thanks, | 2011/09/02 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/307578",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/88934/"
] | Configuring firewall in the HW node is tricky as you have to consider all the traffic going through the node from/to your VPSs before enabling the firewall in HW node. You may need to do an audit and configure the firewall accordingly, if you are going to use one in the main node. Normally, DCs will use hardware firewall to protect the nodes from attacks to reduce the overhead of the node from managing all the traffic through its firewall (as you can assume, the node firewall has to manage all the traffic from/to the VPSs, which is really going to affect the performance if it hosts a number of busy VPSs) Disabling any unnecessary service in the main node (mail service, printer service..etc)and disabling direct root access will be sufficient in most cases. | If using the standard venet automatic ip assigment of OpenVZ distributions (as proxmox) you need separate CSF / firewalls on host and virtual machines. This is, depending on your hosting or network config your venet IPs assigned to VMs are not necesarilly be protected.
We use Proxmox PVE and install separate CSF on host and each VM with a public IP. |
13,985,946 | I have upgraded my phonegap version to 2.1 and lot of errors are showing.
On the github there is no section talking about google analytics for 2.1.
[GitHub](https://github.com/purplecabbage/phonegap-plugins/tree/master/iOS)
Any idea about how to make them work together | 2012/12/21 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/13985946",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1298402/"
] | If this is for iOS I recently put together [this](https://github.com/jelled/google-analytics-cordova-ios "https://github.com/jelled/google-analytics-cordova-ios") Git of the plugin code I used to get the latest Google Analytics working with Cordova 2.2.0. Note that the latest Google Analytics SDK uses different frameworks (SystemConfiguration and CoreData rather then libsqlite3.0.dylib) so if you are upgrading don't forget to swap those out.
If this is Android, although I haven't tested them out myself these two Gits purport to work on the latest version of Cordova on Android.
<https://github.com/DoersGuild/Cordova-Android-Analytics>
<https://github.com/Ranhiru/cordova-google-analytics/tree/master/Android> | in the [README](https://github.com/purplecabbage/phonegap-plugins/blob/master/iOS/GoogleAnalytics/README.md), it said:
>
> Make sure you are running Cordova(PhoneGap) 1.5.0
>
>
>
In short, the plugin does not support PhoneGap 2.1 . |
306,109 | Does anyone know how we can differenciate Order Status And Order State ? | 2020/03/04 | [
"https://magento.stackexchange.com/questions/306109",
"https://magento.stackexchange.com",
"https://magento.stackexchange.com/users/71016/"
] | The “order state” and “order status” are usually mixed up since their names and functions are quite similar.
* 1,Order Status. All orders have an order status that is associated with a stage in the order processing workflow
* 1,An order state is a position of an order in the curent processing flow.
* 2,Magento Order State is used to define processing order
* 2,Magento Order Status is used by the administrator to know the exact order flow
[This article you can refer more about details](https://amasty.com/knowledge-base/what-is-the-difference-between-magento-order-status-and-order-state.html) | The order status is just a label for the order state. It doesn't represent any logic or workflow.
You could even assign the "status" closed for pending payments.
If you have PayPal, CC and Checkmo as Payment options, you might want to assign different order statuses for each of those when there's a pending payment. Like pending CC, pending Paypal etc. |
175,049 | There is a website my company uses for personal data provided by a second party. In the password creation page it is possible to create a 30-character password, but attempting to login with this password throws an invalid password error. Using shorter passwords are possible.
Should my company be concerned? Is this indicative of deeper flaws in their security? | 2017/12/07 | [
"https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/175049",
"https://security.stackexchange.com",
"https://security.stackexchange.com/users/165622/"
] | Obviously whoever built this was not very good at what they were doing and/or not really paying much attention to detail. When working with security critical things like authentication, that's not great.
Think of it like this: If you found that your electricity guy had accidentally installed the outlet sockets upside down, that in itself isn't the end of the world. But wouldn't it make you a little bit worried that he messed up something else more critical and your house will burn down?
Also, [short limits to password length](https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/33470/what-technical-reasons-are-there-to-have-low-maximum-password-lengths) might be an indicator of a legasy system with no or bad hashing. Even worse, as [jrtapsell](https://security.stackexchange.com/users/159064/jrtapsell) highlights, the fact that the password is accepted when set but not at logg in could be a sign that it is truncated when inserted into the database and hence stored in plaintext.
So while this is proof of nothing, it should still set off your alarm bells. | I dont believe it is possible to draw conclusions about the whole system from this error.
I do think this is an issue that can be solved and should be solved.
It might be wise to do some research on the security, but I think you can't draw good conclusions with just this information. |
11,114,149 | What are all the knowledge management features of Facebook's HiPal data analytics tool, and how does it work? Is it purely architectured for hadoop environment or can be used with other DBs? | 2012/06/20 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/11114149",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/939317/"
] | Though this is just speculation as HiPal has not been released to the public.
HiPal is a UI for a SQL-like program called HIVE. Hive is a program that allows you to run SQL-like queries on files in a Hadoop File System. Hadoop is a distributed map/reduce architecture used for large(many terabytes) data sets.
But as it's not open source we can't get our hands on it. But this wouldn't be used for other database systems.
<http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=89508453919> | Facebook uses Hive (<http://borthakur.com/ftp/hadoopworld.pdf>) to process data. Hive is a SQL-like framework interface that runs on top of Hadoop, created by the Facebook team themselves, and latter on donated to the apache community.
They say they analyse 20 PB of data with Hive/Hadoop.
Here is a quick start guide:
<https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/GettingStarted> |
3,502,992 | I'd like to know if there is a way to get the elapsed time since the phone was unplugged from AC supply. I know that I can register a receiver to catch battery events - but this just works if my service is running already when the status changes.
In my case I assume that the application is started when the AC supply was already plugged out before and I then want to retrieve the time
thanks in advance,
cheers
Martin | 2010/08/17 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3502992",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/415347/"
] | JuicePlotter does this somehow (<http://latedroid.com/juiceplotter>), it graphs battery events from before the app was started, or even installed. I don't know how it works, but it would be a good place to do some research. | looks like there's no way to figure out |
108,942 | Have you read The Chronicles of Amber by Roger Zelazny?
Imagine yourself playing in 3rd person MMO game. You spawn in the world and start to wander around. After some time, when you think, that you've learned the map, you realize, that you are in a place, that you have never seen before. You go back to the last place you were sure you know and it is still there. But the rest of the world has changed and you didn't even notice how did it happen.
I've read about procedural world generation. I've read about Perlin noise and octaves, Simplex noise, Diamond-square algorithm, about simulation of tectonic plates and water erosion. I believe I have some vague understanding of general approach in procedural world generation.
And with this knowledge I have no idea on how can you do something like written above. Every idea that comes to my mind encounters some theoretical problems.
Here are some ideas I can think of:
1) "Reversible" world-generation with a seed number as input and some fully-describing-a-chunk-number
I doubt that it is even possible, but I imagine a function, that will receive a seed and produce a matrix of numbers, upon which chunks are built. And for each unique number there is an unique chunk. And a second function, that gets this unique chunk number and produces a seed, that contains this number. I've tried to make a scheme in the picture below:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/dNj0E.png)
2) Making chunks completely random and make a transition between them.
As [Aracthor](https://gamedev.stackexchange.com/a/108944/72720) suggested. The benefits of this approach is that it is possible and it doesn't require a *magic* fuction :)
The cons this approach has in my opinion, is that it's likely not possible to have a diverse world. If you have let's say both archipelago and a continent represented by just one number and it's adjacent chunks, then wouldn't the size of a chunk be equal to continent. And I doubt that it is possible to make good-looking transition between chunks. Am I missing something?
So, in other words, you are developing a MMO with procedurally generated world. But instead of having one world, you have **many**. What approach would you take to generate worlds and how would you implement transition of player from one world to another without player noticing the transition.
Anyway, I believe you've got the general idea. How would you have done it? | 2015/09/28 | [
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com/questions/108942",
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com",
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com/users/72720/"
] | Use a slice of higher-order noise. If you used 2d noise for a height-map before, use 3D noise with the last coordinate fixed instead. Now you can slowly change the position in the last dimension to modify the terrain. Since Perlin noise is continuous in all dimensions, you'll get smooth transitions as long as you smoothly change the position where you sample the noise function.
If you want to only change the terrain far from the player, you could store the offset for every coordinate on the map and only increase but never decrease it. This way the map only gets newer but never older.
Also, take a look at Simplex noise. It's the improved version of Perlin noise and works better for more dimensions. | Your idea to split the world into several chunks is not bad. It is just incomplete.
The only problem is junctions between chunks. For instance, if you use perlin noise to generate relief, and a seed different for each chunk, and risk this to happen:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Vou23.jpg)
A solution would be to generate chunk relief not only from its Perlin noise seed, but as well from other chunks around it.
Perlin algorithm use values of random map around them to "smooth" themselves. If they use a common map, there would be smoothed together.
The only problem is if you change a chunk seed to make it different when the player recede, you'll have to reload chunks around too, because their borders should change as well.
This wouldn't change the size of chunks, but It would increase the minimal distance from the player to being loaded/unloaded, because a chunk must be loaded when the player see it, and, with this method, as adjacent chunks must be too.
UPDATE:
-------
If each chunk of your world is of a different type, the problem grows up. This is not just about relief. An costly solution would be the following:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/JbJnC.png)
Let's suppose green chunks are forest worlds, blue ones archipelagos and yellow ones flat deserts.
The solution here is to create "transition" zones, where your relief and ground nature (as well as objects grounded, or anything else you want) would progressively turn from one type to another.
And as you can see on this picture, the hell part to code would be little squares in chunk corners: they have to make a link between 4 chunks, potentially different natures.
So for this complexity level, I think classic 2D-world generations like Perlin2D just *cannot* be used. I refer you to @danijar answer for that. |
2,252,914 | Is there a way to generate all getters and setters in an entire package in eclipse?
Thanks. | 2010/02/12 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2252914",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/249571/"
] | Assuming you're using Java, you may want to take a look at [Project Lombok](http://projectlombok.org/). | Generating getters and setters on everything in an entire package seems like a very bad idea. Not everything should be accessible or modifiable. Good OO design includes knowing when to encapsulate by keeping some things private.
That said, you might already know this. If you're looking to do this for some academic exercise, feel free to disregard. |
273,740 | I'm a zoology minor and we are doing protein estimation by colorimetric method. I have stumbled upon a term 'Optical density'. I don't understand the term well. Is it a measure of the extent of light that can pass through a particular object?
I've checked a [related question](https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/132094/why-does-the-optical-media-have-different-refractive-indices) of this community and it doesn't solve my question completely. | 2016/08/11 | [
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/273740",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/users/107034/"
] | For all intents and purposes, OD is the negative of the order of magnitude the factor by which the intensity of the light is reduced by the attenuating element with said OD.
In other words: OD = 6, means that the intensity will be reduced by a factor of 10 to the power of -6, a.k.a by a factor of a million. | Optical density is a mathematical way of describing the extent of attenuation of visual lightwaves.
Density is the log of opacity.
Opacity is the reciprocal of transmittance.
So a transmittance of 50% of the light (half of the light) would have an opacity of 2. The log of 2 = .3
So a density of .3 blocks half of the light energy. |
273,740 | I'm a zoology minor and we are doing protein estimation by colorimetric method. I have stumbled upon a term 'Optical density'. I don't understand the term well. Is it a measure of the extent of light that can pass through a particular object?
I've checked a [related question](https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/132094/why-does-the-optical-media-have-different-refractive-indices) of this community and it doesn't solve my question completely. | 2016/08/11 | [
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/273740",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/users/107034/"
] | For all intents and purposes, OD is the negative of the order of magnitude the factor by which the intensity of the light is reduced by the attenuating element with said OD.
In other words: OD = 6, means that the intensity will be reduced by a factor of 10 to the power of -6, a.k.a by a factor of a million. | The term Optical Density or ("OD") can have two different but related uses.
1. The first is in relation to the refractive index. I've included an image that will enable a quick grasp of this concept.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/JUUSe.jpg)
2. The second use is in reference to to the following:
>
> Optical density may also mean the absolute value of the logarithm with
> base 10 of the power transmission factor of an optical attenuator:
>
>
> For example, an optical density of 3 means that the optical power is
> attenuated by the factor $10^3$ That would correspond to an
> attenuation by 30 decibels.
>
>
> If several attenuators are used in series, their optical densities can
> simply be added.
>
>
> To avoid ambiguity, it is better to use the term absorbance.
>
>
>
<https://www.rp-photonics.com/optical_density.html>
Author: Dr. Rüdiger Paschotta - <https://www.rp-photonics.com/paschotta.html>
To further the explanation above, I thought this image describing the second usage of optical density may be useful. The concept is being applied to a lens in regards to a laser passing through it. Each wavelength in the following chart will have its own OD but the notation is stating the minimum optical density over a range of wavelengths.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/RyQfU.jpg) |
69,942 | As I understand a gravel bike, it's basically a road frame but perhaps with a slightly more upright riding position. It has wider tires with much deeper treads and a stiffer rubber than standard road bike tires. What is the theory behind these changes? I had always thought that the thicker and stiffer tires were to prevent small bits of gravel from pinching flats, but is the theory instead that the deeper treads and wider tires are supposed to increase traction? And what is the rationale for the upright riding position? | 2020/07/27 | [
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/69942",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/users/50954/"
] | I think you are asking two separate questions:
1. What's a gravel bike and why are they popular?
2. Why are off-road tires designed they way they are? (Which applies equally to mountain bikes and hybrids)
Gravel bikes have longer seat stays and more relaxed steering geometry than road bikes, which makes them a little more stable on loose surfaces. They have wider tires that allow riding on rougher surfaces. There are many reasons why they are popular - filling a gap between road bikes and increasingly heavy and complicated mountain bikes, suitability for touring or bikepacking and suitability for general riding with increased comfort are some of them.
I think you are perhaps a bit confused about off-road tire design. Off road tires do not have to be stiffer but they do have to be tough to deal with more flexing and distortion. A thick tread is not totally necessary either, slick low pressure tires will actually grip pretty well on dry gravel. Lower pressure increases the contact patch side and does increase traction on loose surfaces. | **Q1: Riding position**
A1:
Do you know the riding position of a so-called gravel bike and a regular road bike could be 100% identical?
Let me show you my real case.
I just have a s-works diverge (so-called gravel bike) and a giant advanced tcr (so-called regular road bike).
I have carefully studied their differences which include geometry. Here is part of my study work.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/dNUch.png)
And, let's put them together now and check it again.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/BpWNC.png)
They are almost 99% identical. Surprised? But, too see to believe, right!
The so-called gravel bike has slightly higher handlebar but it is under the range of fitting and adjustment. Actually, the riding position of my diverge (so-called gravel bike) is more aggreesive than the tcr (so-called road bike). If you like to, they can be adjusted to 100% identical easily.
**Q2: The tires which gravel bikes use.**
A2:
The key characteristics of a so-called gravel bike (here is the diverge) might include:
1. It is much more comfortable and enjoyable riding experience.
2. Slightly longer wheelbase.
3. It is also an adventure machine.
4. It is as fast as the regular bike or even faster. (I have multiple new PR with the diverge)
5. It can not replace the XC and DH MTB. For technical off-road, I will wish I ride a MTB or a specific purpose bike.
It is quite similar to the relationship of a SUV and a regular car.
Thus, the so-called gravel bike usually uses wider tires (>=38C).
But, some of your knowledge about gravel bike might be not so correct.
The thread of gravel tires is not necessarily deeper. There are gravel tires without thread (e.g. Gravelking)
Check here to find the thread of a gravelking plus tire: <https://www.panaracer.com/lineup/gravel.html>
Ok, it is my study work. It might not be your expected answer but I wish it will be helpful.
**Final words and it is an important reminder.**
The upper case is just only one of gravel bikes which are recoginized by the gravel players' community. Actually, there is not a single kind of gravel bikes but many many kinds.
That's the reason I use "so-called gravel bike" but not "gravel bike" in the article.
Cheers |
69,942 | As I understand a gravel bike, it's basically a road frame but perhaps with a slightly more upright riding position. It has wider tires with much deeper treads and a stiffer rubber than standard road bike tires. What is the theory behind these changes? I had always thought that the thicker and stiffer tires were to prevent small bits of gravel from pinching flats, but is the theory instead that the deeper treads and wider tires are supposed to increase traction? And what is the rationale for the upright riding position? | 2020/07/27 | [
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/69942",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/users/50954/"
] | My theory and it is just a theory. In the U.S. at least there has been a proliferation of unpaved bike trails due to the conversion of abandoned railroad rights of way to bike paths. They are for the most part either flat or have a slight grade. Most of these trails are too uneven for a conventional road bike. At the same time they are not much of a challenge for a mountain bike and are mostly an access point to more technical trails. So now we have a reason to buy yet another type of bike. With a gravel bike the gearing allows much higher speed than on a mountain bike. You're on a route that is pretty much guaranteed to be free of motor vehicle traffic so you can basically go as fast as you're comfortable riding. The larger tires allow better traction on loose surfaces while increasing comfort. So while the riding environment is similar to cyclocross the two frame geometries are different in a sense like a Tri bike and a road bike, functionally the same but tweeked for a more specific type of riding. | There's an interesting discussion with [Josh Poertner](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=asEYkpW0vwQ), an aerospace/automotive engineer turned pro cycling consultant, on finding the most efficient tire pressure for different riding conditions. Basically, high pressure tires are less efficient on imperfect surfaces because of kinetic energy lost by bouncing the whole bike up and over a small object or road crack, where a low-pressure tire can absorb most of that impact without disrupting your momentum. The rougher the riding surface, the lower the pressure needed for optimal efficiency. Wider tires can run at the lower pressures needed for efficient riding on gravel, and the aero tradeoffs are smaller at gravel speeds.
I think the more upright riding position has to do with conservation of effort and a reduced tradeoff between aerodynamics and handling. Since your not breaking any land speed records on gravel, getting max aero out of your stance isn't as crucial, but picking (and staying on) the best line often is. Raising the bars up lets a rider use flared-out drops to selectively widen their grip for better control, when needed, without getting completly horizontal in the process. I've seen some gravel riders who spend upwards of 50% of their time in the drops, vs. road cyclists who are maybe using them 10-15% of the time.
These are just some of my observations as a strictly non-competative cyclist who only recently got into gravel. I also happen to think my basic-B of a gravel bike makes the perfect everybike for all around riding. It's a great all-weather commuter, has almost identical gemoetry to some high-end randonneuring frames, and can even tackle a bit of singletrack. |
69,942 | As I understand a gravel bike, it's basically a road frame but perhaps with a slightly more upright riding position. It has wider tires with much deeper treads and a stiffer rubber than standard road bike tires. What is the theory behind these changes? I had always thought that the thicker and stiffer tires were to prevent small bits of gravel from pinching flats, but is the theory instead that the deeper treads and wider tires are supposed to increase traction? And what is the rationale for the upright riding position? | 2020/07/27 | [
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/69942",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/users/50954/"
] | GCN had a funny take on this recently: [Gravel bikes exist because mountain biking is now boring](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XC_xFpg_UmA). Or to give slightly more nuance, mountain bikes make it so easy to ride over difficult terrain that they remove the challenge.
Coming at it from the opposite direction, road cycling may be losing some popularity because A) roads in many places are poorly maintained due to austere public-works budgets, and B) motorists are motorists. Which creates some demand for something that you can ride on bad roads/roads that motorists don't drive on.
Gravel bikes generally are designed for a little more comfort and stability than a road-racing bike--more in line with a road "endurance" bike. Hence the more upright position and slacker angles. Some people ride gravel bikes with fat slicks—I don't think you can make any sweeping judgments about tires, other than they're fatter than road tires. | My theory and it is just a theory. In the U.S. at least there has been a proliferation of unpaved bike trails due to the conversion of abandoned railroad rights of way to bike paths. They are for the most part either flat or have a slight grade. Most of these trails are too uneven for a conventional road bike. At the same time they are not much of a challenge for a mountain bike and are mostly an access point to more technical trails. So now we have a reason to buy yet another type of bike. With a gravel bike the gearing allows much higher speed than on a mountain bike. You're on a route that is pretty much guaranteed to be free of motor vehicle traffic so you can basically go as fast as you're comfortable riding. The larger tires allow better traction on loose surfaces while increasing comfort. So while the riding environment is similar to cyclocross the two frame geometries are different in a sense like a Tri bike and a road bike, functionally the same but tweeked for a more specific type of riding. |
69,942 | As I understand a gravel bike, it's basically a road frame but perhaps with a slightly more upright riding position. It has wider tires with much deeper treads and a stiffer rubber than standard road bike tires. What is the theory behind these changes? I had always thought that the thicker and stiffer tires were to prevent small bits of gravel from pinching flats, but is the theory instead that the deeper treads and wider tires are supposed to increase traction? And what is the rationale for the upright riding position? | 2020/07/27 | [
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/69942",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/users/50954/"
] | What is called a "gravel bike" is really a new word for a cyclocross bike, but with maybe a tad less aggressive geometry. And cyclocross goes back pretty much to the beginning of bicycling, as the first races were held on unpaved courses and no roads were paved yet, or at best cobbled. The original road bikes looked a lot more like today's cyclocross bikes, only a pound or three heavier.
I personally don't like the name "gravel bike". Gravel is the stuff they dump along the train tracks near my house to deter mountain bikers, or the stuff you decorate your yard with if you live in places like Las Vegas, but I rarely encounter gravel out on the trails here in northern California. Maybe some gravely stuff mixed in with loose dirt intermittently, but there's nothing too fun or challenging about riding on a layer of gravel as there is a natural dirt or muddy path.
In theory, I doubt you will be able to ride one off road without encountering mostly dirt. The style of bike is ideally suited for trails. They should call them "fire road bikes" or something more realistic if "cyclcocross bike" is too worn out for the marketers.
I would call the bike I commute to work on a gravel bike because I built it with a steeper stem to bring the bar up so I can see traffic easier, and a single, low gear, 38/18t. But it started life as a 'cross bike. A gravel bike might be ideal as a commuter bike, especially if you can outfit it with panniers, lights, etc. | There's an interesting discussion with [Josh Poertner](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=asEYkpW0vwQ), an aerospace/automotive engineer turned pro cycling consultant, on finding the most efficient tire pressure for different riding conditions. Basically, high pressure tires are less efficient on imperfect surfaces because of kinetic energy lost by bouncing the whole bike up and over a small object or road crack, where a low-pressure tire can absorb most of that impact without disrupting your momentum. The rougher the riding surface, the lower the pressure needed for optimal efficiency. Wider tires can run at the lower pressures needed for efficient riding on gravel, and the aero tradeoffs are smaller at gravel speeds.
I think the more upright riding position has to do with conservation of effort and a reduced tradeoff between aerodynamics and handling. Since your not breaking any land speed records on gravel, getting max aero out of your stance isn't as crucial, but picking (and staying on) the best line often is. Raising the bars up lets a rider use flared-out drops to selectively widen their grip for better control, when needed, without getting completly horizontal in the process. I've seen some gravel riders who spend upwards of 50% of their time in the drops, vs. road cyclists who are maybe using them 10-15% of the time.
These are just some of my observations as a strictly non-competative cyclist who only recently got into gravel. I also happen to think my basic-B of a gravel bike makes the perfect everybike for all around riding. It's a great all-weather commuter, has almost identical gemoetry to some high-end randonneuring frames, and can even tackle a bit of singletrack. |
69,942 | As I understand a gravel bike, it's basically a road frame but perhaps with a slightly more upright riding position. It has wider tires with much deeper treads and a stiffer rubber than standard road bike tires. What is the theory behind these changes? I had always thought that the thicker and stiffer tires were to prevent small bits of gravel from pinching flats, but is the theory instead that the deeper treads and wider tires are supposed to increase traction? And what is the rationale for the upright riding position? | 2020/07/27 | [
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/69942",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/users/50954/"
] | My theory and it is just a theory. In the U.S. at least there has been a proliferation of unpaved bike trails due to the conversion of abandoned railroad rights of way to bike paths. They are for the most part either flat or have a slight grade. Most of these trails are too uneven for a conventional road bike. At the same time they are not much of a challenge for a mountain bike and are mostly an access point to more technical trails. So now we have a reason to buy yet another type of bike. With a gravel bike the gearing allows much higher speed than on a mountain bike. You're on a route that is pretty much guaranteed to be free of motor vehicle traffic so you can basically go as fast as you're comfortable riding. The larger tires allow better traction on loose surfaces while increasing comfort. So while the riding environment is similar to cyclocross the two frame geometries are different in a sense like a Tri bike and a road bike, functionally the same but tweeked for a more specific type of riding. | **Q1: Riding position**
A1:
Do you know the riding position of a so-called gravel bike and a regular road bike could be 100% identical?
Let me show you my real case.
I just have a s-works diverge (so-called gravel bike) and a giant advanced tcr (so-called regular road bike).
I have carefully studied their differences which include geometry. Here is part of my study work.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/dNUch.png)
And, let's put them together now and check it again.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/BpWNC.png)
They are almost 99% identical. Surprised? But, too see to believe, right!
The so-called gravel bike has slightly higher handlebar but it is under the range of fitting and adjustment. Actually, the riding position of my diverge (so-called gravel bike) is more aggreesive than the tcr (so-called road bike). If you like to, they can be adjusted to 100% identical easily.
**Q2: The tires which gravel bikes use.**
A2:
The key characteristics of a so-called gravel bike (here is the diverge) might include:
1. It is much more comfortable and enjoyable riding experience.
2. Slightly longer wheelbase.
3. It is also an adventure machine.
4. It is as fast as the regular bike or even faster. (I have multiple new PR with the diverge)
5. It can not replace the XC and DH MTB. For technical off-road, I will wish I ride a MTB or a specific purpose bike.
It is quite similar to the relationship of a SUV and a regular car.
Thus, the so-called gravel bike usually uses wider tires (>=38C).
But, some of your knowledge about gravel bike might be not so correct.
The thread of gravel tires is not necessarily deeper. There are gravel tires without thread (e.g. Gravelking)
Check here to find the thread of a gravelking plus tire: <https://www.panaracer.com/lineup/gravel.html>
Ok, it is my study work. It might not be your expected answer but I wish it will be helpful.
**Final words and it is an important reminder.**
The upper case is just only one of gravel bikes which are recoginized by the gravel players' community. Actually, there is not a single kind of gravel bikes but many many kinds.
That's the reason I use "so-called gravel bike" but not "gravel bike" in the article.
Cheers |
69,942 | As I understand a gravel bike, it's basically a road frame but perhaps with a slightly more upright riding position. It has wider tires with much deeper treads and a stiffer rubber than standard road bike tires. What is the theory behind these changes? I had always thought that the thicker and stiffer tires were to prevent small bits of gravel from pinching flats, but is the theory instead that the deeper treads and wider tires are supposed to increase traction? And what is the rationale for the upright riding position? | 2020/07/27 | [
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/69942",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/users/50954/"
] | My theory and it is just a theory. In the U.S. at least there has been a proliferation of unpaved bike trails due to the conversion of abandoned railroad rights of way to bike paths. They are for the most part either flat or have a slight grade. Most of these trails are too uneven for a conventional road bike. At the same time they are not much of a challenge for a mountain bike and are mostly an access point to more technical trails. So now we have a reason to buy yet another type of bike. With a gravel bike the gearing allows much higher speed than on a mountain bike. You're on a route that is pretty much guaranteed to be free of motor vehicle traffic so you can basically go as fast as you're comfortable riding. The larger tires allow better traction on loose surfaces while increasing comfort. So while the riding environment is similar to cyclocross the two frame geometries are different in a sense like a Tri bike and a road bike, functionally the same but tweeked for a more specific type of riding. | The other answers address one theory of gravel bikes. In the past, many road bikes focused too much on on-tarmac performance, at the cost of general utility and comfort. Endurance road bikes married high-performance capabilities to a relatively upright position, enabling many cyclists to enjoy a fast *and* comfortable experience. They could accept relatively wide tires, but they were still limited off-road.
Initially, gravel bikes were basically bikes with endurance road geometry but with much more tire clearance, e.g. for up to 40mm tires. They also tended to have more equipment mounts than endurance road bikes, e.g. mounts for fenders, racks, top tube feed bag (aka bento boxes), and 3rd bottle cage mounts under the down tube are more common on gravel bikes than on endurance road bikes. Road-like gravel bikes are perfectly fine for long stretches of dirt roads. There are a lot of this type of road near where I live in the Midwestern United States. However, road-like gravel bikes are not as capable on very rough terrain with large chunks of gravel or on terrain approaching singletrack. In my experience, you can navigate some singletrack on a road-like gravel bike, but it isn't ideal. Everyone's use case varies depending on where they live and their own preferences.
At the time of writing, gravel bikes are starting to become more specialized. One branch may be referred to as "all-road bikes", and it hews closer to the endurance road bike + wider tire paradigm. Another branch, which some may call adventure bikes, borrows design ideas from mountain bikes.
Adventure gravel bikes and MTB design
-------------------------------------
Some gravel bikes are borrowing design factors from MTBs. These bikes tend to have long top tubes, short stems, and slacker head tube angles. The slack head angle makes for very large trail; all else equal, a bike with greater trail will be more stable than a bike with less trail. The shorter stem counterbalances the stability somewhat by making it easier to turn the handlebars (your bars have to traverse a shorter arc to turn the wheel the same angle).
This arrangement may benefit riders on rough terrain. From [Cyclingtips' recent review](https://cyclingtips.com/2020/03/evil-chamois-hagar-gravel-bike-review/) of Evil Bicycles' Chamois Hagar, which is very much inspired by MTB geometry, Evil Bicycles claims
>
> more stability on loose terrain, more confidence in tricky situations, more speed overall, and — listen up, big-footed riders! — an end to toe overlap.
>
>
>
James Huang, the reviewer, described the Chamois Hagar as very stable at high speeds, and he said that riders could simply dive the bike into a corner with loose gravel without fear of the front wheel sliding out. He and a co-reviewer described the bike as very stable on descents. One downside was that at low speeds, the bike didn't hold its line very well on technical climbs; this is a consequence of an aspect of bike geometry called wheel flop.
Riders who expect to encounter rough terrain and singletrack might consider an MTB-inspired gravel bike over a more road-inspired one. Furthermore, personal preference and cycling background might also play a role. Mountain bikers who do indeed find most terrain boring on their MTBs might be more comfortable with a MTB-inspired gravel bike, whereas road cyclists may be more comfortable on a road-inspired gravel bike.
The MTB-inspired gravel bike segment appears to comprise the minority of gravel bikes as of 2019 and 2020. [Cyclingtips identified](https://cyclingtips.com/2020/03/2020-cyclingtips-gravel-bike-field-test-is-mtb-geometry-good-for-gravel/) the Evil discussed above and the BMC Urs as being distinctly on the MTB end of gravel geometry, with the Santa Cruz Stigmata being neutral on the endurance road-MTB geometry spectrum. Cyclingtips later reviewed the [2020 Specialized Diverge](https://cyclingtips.com/2020/07/2021-specialized-diverge-in-depth-review/), and they felt it was also on the MTB side of the geometry spectrum. To my knowledge, the Lauf True Grit discussed by GCN is likely an MTB-oriented bike.
In contrast, the [Cervelo Aspero and the Salsa Warbird](https://cyclingtips.com/2020/05/our-favourite-bikes-from-the-2020-gravel-bike-field-test/) are two examples of more road-oriented gravel bikes, although the bikes handle very differently. The Warbird is very stable, perhaps more like a road touring bike. The Aspero is nimble (i.e. lower trail, more along the lines of a typical endurance or performance road bike).
Adventure gravel bikes vs hardtail MTBs
---------------------------------------
As the terrain gets rougher and the proportion of paved roads you traverse goes down, you will at some point be better off on an adventure gravel bike than on an all-road bike, and then you will be better off on a hardtail MTB than on an adventure gravel bike. Your own skill and preferences will probably influence those transition points. If you are uncertain about which bike to choose, you could consult friends who ride similar terrain as your target.
Suspension and gravel bikes
---------------------------
Suspension forks are rare among gravel bikes at the time of writing. Consider that at the time of writing, many gravel bikes can accept tires wider than 40mm, and some can take nearly 50mm tires. That's already quite a lot of suspension.
Nonetheless, some manufacturers are designing short-travel suspension systems for gravel bikes. The BMC Urs has an elastomer-based rear suspension, with very short travel (~20mm). The Specialized Diverge has a 20mm travel, oil-damped front suspension system. The [Niner MCR](https://cyclingtips.com/2020/04/niner-mcr-9-rdo-bike-review-does-full-suspension-make-sense-for-gravel/) has full suspension (40mm front and 50mm rear travel) and a geometry based on old hardtail MTBs. That suspension system is tuned more for frequent small bumps like you would face on gravel than for the big hits one might encounter on singletrack. Additionally, short-travel suspension seatposts, stems, and forks are available aftermarket.
At the time of writing, it seems safe to say that suspension is the dividing line between MTBs and gravel bikes on the more adventure-oriented end. The gravel bikes that have suspension have very little travel compared to MTBs.
What divides endurance road and all-road/gravel bikes?
------------------------------------------------------
On the roadie end of the spectrum, the dividing line is probably that performance and endurance road bikes usually can clear 32mm tires at most (there are some exceptions), whereas gravel bikes can usually clear at least 40mm tires. It should be noted that road bikes - even older ones on narrower tires - can traverse dirt roads. The more loose gravel there is, the more careful you need to be. If you are mainly on tarmac, you likely don't need more than 32mm tires. |
69,942 | As I understand a gravel bike, it's basically a road frame but perhaps with a slightly more upright riding position. It has wider tires with much deeper treads and a stiffer rubber than standard road bike tires. What is the theory behind these changes? I had always thought that the thicker and stiffer tires were to prevent small bits of gravel from pinching flats, but is the theory instead that the deeper treads and wider tires are supposed to increase traction? And what is the rationale for the upright riding position? | 2020/07/27 | [
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/69942",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/users/50954/"
] | GCN had a funny take on this recently: [Gravel bikes exist because mountain biking is now boring](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XC_xFpg_UmA). Or to give slightly more nuance, mountain bikes make it so easy to ride over difficult terrain that they remove the challenge.
Coming at it from the opposite direction, road cycling may be losing some popularity because A) roads in many places are poorly maintained due to austere public-works budgets, and B) motorists are motorists. Which creates some demand for something that you can ride on bad roads/roads that motorists don't drive on.
Gravel bikes generally are designed for a little more comfort and stability than a road-racing bike--more in line with a road "endurance" bike. Hence the more upright position and slacker angles. Some people ride gravel bikes with fat slicks—I don't think you can make any sweeping judgments about tires, other than they're fatter than road tires. | The other answers address one theory of gravel bikes. In the past, many road bikes focused too much on on-tarmac performance, at the cost of general utility and comfort. Endurance road bikes married high-performance capabilities to a relatively upright position, enabling many cyclists to enjoy a fast *and* comfortable experience. They could accept relatively wide tires, but they were still limited off-road.
Initially, gravel bikes were basically bikes with endurance road geometry but with much more tire clearance, e.g. for up to 40mm tires. They also tended to have more equipment mounts than endurance road bikes, e.g. mounts for fenders, racks, top tube feed bag (aka bento boxes), and 3rd bottle cage mounts under the down tube are more common on gravel bikes than on endurance road bikes. Road-like gravel bikes are perfectly fine for long stretches of dirt roads. There are a lot of this type of road near where I live in the Midwestern United States. However, road-like gravel bikes are not as capable on very rough terrain with large chunks of gravel or on terrain approaching singletrack. In my experience, you can navigate some singletrack on a road-like gravel bike, but it isn't ideal. Everyone's use case varies depending on where they live and their own preferences.
At the time of writing, gravel bikes are starting to become more specialized. One branch may be referred to as "all-road bikes", and it hews closer to the endurance road bike + wider tire paradigm. Another branch, which some may call adventure bikes, borrows design ideas from mountain bikes.
Adventure gravel bikes and MTB design
-------------------------------------
Some gravel bikes are borrowing design factors from MTBs. These bikes tend to have long top tubes, short stems, and slacker head tube angles. The slack head angle makes for very large trail; all else equal, a bike with greater trail will be more stable than a bike with less trail. The shorter stem counterbalances the stability somewhat by making it easier to turn the handlebars (your bars have to traverse a shorter arc to turn the wheel the same angle).
This arrangement may benefit riders on rough terrain. From [Cyclingtips' recent review](https://cyclingtips.com/2020/03/evil-chamois-hagar-gravel-bike-review/) of Evil Bicycles' Chamois Hagar, which is very much inspired by MTB geometry, Evil Bicycles claims
>
> more stability on loose terrain, more confidence in tricky situations, more speed overall, and — listen up, big-footed riders! — an end to toe overlap.
>
>
>
James Huang, the reviewer, described the Chamois Hagar as very stable at high speeds, and he said that riders could simply dive the bike into a corner with loose gravel without fear of the front wheel sliding out. He and a co-reviewer described the bike as very stable on descents. One downside was that at low speeds, the bike didn't hold its line very well on technical climbs; this is a consequence of an aspect of bike geometry called wheel flop.
Riders who expect to encounter rough terrain and singletrack might consider an MTB-inspired gravel bike over a more road-inspired one. Furthermore, personal preference and cycling background might also play a role. Mountain bikers who do indeed find most terrain boring on their MTBs might be more comfortable with a MTB-inspired gravel bike, whereas road cyclists may be more comfortable on a road-inspired gravel bike.
The MTB-inspired gravel bike segment appears to comprise the minority of gravel bikes as of 2019 and 2020. [Cyclingtips identified](https://cyclingtips.com/2020/03/2020-cyclingtips-gravel-bike-field-test-is-mtb-geometry-good-for-gravel/) the Evil discussed above and the BMC Urs as being distinctly on the MTB end of gravel geometry, with the Santa Cruz Stigmata being neutral on the endurance road-MTB geometry spectrum. Cyclingtips later reviewed the [2020 Specialized Diverge](https://cyclingtips.com/2020/07/2021-specialized-diverge-in-depth-review/), and they felt it was also on the MTB side of the geometry spectrum. To my knowledge, the Lauf True Grit discussed by GCN is likely an MTB-oriented bike.
In contrast, the [Cervelo Aspero and the Salsa Warbird](https://cyclingtips.com/2020/05/our-favourite-bikes-from-the-2020-gravel-bike-field-test/) are two examples of more road-oriented gravel bikes, although the bikes handle very differently. The Warbird is very stable, perhaps more like a road touring bike. The Aspero is nimble (i.e. lower trail, more along the lines of a typical endurance or performance road bike).
Adventure gravel bikes vs hardtail MTBs
---------------------------------------
As the terrain gets rougher and the proportion of paved roads you traverse goes down, you will at some point be better off on an adventure gravel bike than on an all-road bike, and then you will be better off on a hardtail MTB than on an adventure gravel bike. Your own skill and preferences will probably influence those transition points. If you are uncertain about which bike to choose, you could consult friends who ride similar terrain as your target.
Suspension and gravel bikes
---------------------------
Suspension forks are rare among gravel bikes at the time of writing. Consider that at the time of writing, many gravel bikes can accept tires wider than 40mm, and some can take nearly 50mm tires. That's already quite a lot of suspension.
Nonetheless, some manufacturers are designing short-travel suspension systems for gravel bikes. The BMC Urs has an elastomer-based rear suspension, with very short travel (~20mm). The Specialized Diverge has a 20mm travel, oil-damped front suspension system. The [Niner MCR](https://cyclingtips.com/2020/04/niner-mcr-9-rdo-bike-review-does-full-suspension-make-sense-for-gravel/) has full suspension (40mm front and 50mm rear travel) and a geometry based on old hardtail MTBs. That suspension system is tuned more for frequent small bumps like you would face on gravel than for the big hits one might encounter on singletrack. Additionally, short-travel suspension seatposts, stems, and forks are available aftermarket.
At the time of writing, it seems safe to say that suspension is the dividing line between MTBs and gravel bikes on the more adventure-oriented end. The gravel bikes that have suspension have very little travel compared to MTBs.
What divides endurance road and all-road/gravel bikes?
------------------------------------------------------
On the roadie end of the spectrum, the dividing line is probably that performance and endurance road bikes usually can clear 32mm tires at most (there are some exceptions), whereas gravel bikes can usually clear at least 40mm tires. It should be noted that road bikes - even older ones on narrower tires - can traverse dirt roads. The more loose gravel there is, the more careful you need to be. If you are mainly on tarmac, you likely don't need more than 32mm tires. |
69,942 | As I understand a gravel bike, it's basically a road frame but perhaps with a slightly more upright riding position. It has wider tires with much deeper treads and a stiffer rubber than standard road bike tires. What is the theory behind these changes? I had always thought that the thicker and stiffer tires were to prevent small bits of gravel from pinching flats, but is the theory instead that the deeper treads and wider tires are supposed to increase traction? And what is the rationale for the upright riding position? | 2020/07/27 | [
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/69942",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/users/50954/"
] | GCN had a funny take on this recently: [Gravel bikes exist because mountain biking is now boring](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XC_xFpg_UmA). Or to give slightly more nuance, mountain bikes make it so easy to ride over difficult terrain that they remove the challenge.
Coming at it from the opposite direction, road cycling may be losing some popularity because A) roads in many places are poorly maintained due to austere public-works budgets, and B) motorists are motorists. Which creates some demand for something that you can ride on bad roads/roads that motorists don't drive on.
Gravel bikes generally are designed for a little more comfort and stability than a road-racing bike--more in line with a road "endurance" bike. Hence the more upright position and slacker angles. Some people ride gravel bikes with fat slicks—I don't think you can make any sweeping judgments about tires, other than they're fatter than road tires. | What is called a "gravel bike" is really a new word for a cyclocross bike, but with maybe a tad less aggressive geometry. And cyclocross goes back pretty much to the beginning of bicycling, as the first races were held on unpaved courses and no roads were paved yet, or at best cobbled. The original road bikes looked a lot more like today's cyclocross bikes, only a pound or three heavier.
I personally don't like the name "gravel bike". Gravel is the stuff they dump along the train tracks near my house to deter mountain bikers, or the stuff you decorate your yard with if you live in places like Las Vegas, but I rarely encounter gravel out on the trails here in northern California. Maybe some gravely stuff mixed in with loose dirt intermittently, but there's nothing too fun or challenging about riding on a layer of gravel as there is a natural dirt or muddy path.
In theory, I doubt you will be able to ride one off road without encountering mostly dirt. The style of bike is ideally suited for trails. They should call them "fire road bikes" or something more realistic if "cyclcocross bike" is too worn out for the marketers.
I would call the bike I commute to work on a gravel bike because I built it with a steeper stem to bring the bar up so I can see traffic easier, and a single, low gear, 38/18t. But it started life as a 'cross bike. A gravel bike might be ideal as a commuter bike, especially if you can outfit it with panniers, lights, etc. |
124,682 | My iPhone is always heated up even if I'm not using it. When I charge it, it heats up even more and battery drains very quickly. Its battery is currently fully drained for more than half an hour and the back still seems as it is heated. What's the problem and how can I solve it? | 2014/03/17 | [
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/124682",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/users/73312/"
] | Are you using IOS 7? When using IOS 7 be sure to check your apps which are running in the background, but normally these apps are also closed after some time in standby. Be sure to update your iPhone to IOS 7.1. When you say your iPhone/battery heats up when loading there is surely something wrong with your battery. Your USB transformer might heat up a little, but never had an iPhone heating up when charging. Contact Apple Support, or your reseller. Probably your battery needs replacement. | It seem that you battery has reach its limits needs a replacement. You can check to see if there are apps causing your battery to drain quickly. If this is the case you need to update your app. For instruction on how to do this visit <http://www.technobezz.com/iphone-battery-life-drain-dies-fast/>
I hope this helps. |
326,076 | Can you please tell me if it is correct and natural to say *find someone by their phone number* in the context of searching someone's information in a system? For example:
>
> I don't see any appoinments set up under your name in our system. Let me try to **find you by your phone number**.
>
>
>
If it doesn't sound natual, does *let me try to find you **with** your phone number* sounds better?
If they don't sound natural, would you give me alternative phrases to convey the message. | 2022/10/27 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/326076",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/60696/"
] | It's quite correct and natural. It's another case of an understood word 'using', which would be after the 'by'.
Possibly a better way would be 'using your phone number' (in this case the 'by' is understood.
Probably the most natural way of saying this would be simply: "Let me try your phone number".
Again, there are 'understood' words in this shorter example. The full sentence, would be: ""Let me try and find you by using your phone number", but no one would say that in practice. | One of the uses of "by" is when talking about the way things are organized:
* These books are arranged alphabetically **by** the author's last name.
* Please line up **by** height from shortest to tallest.
* This table of the wealthiest people in the world is ordered **by** their net worth.
This makes it a great choice for the example situation, in which the system can be indexed "by" phone number (as well as perhaps in other ways, like "by" the person's name). You *could* choose "with", since the phone number would help you in the task of looking up (just like "I'll paint this house **with** a paintbrush"), and it wouldn't be odd, but the "lookup" sense of "by" makes it a more likely choice. |
29 | I have found an old newspaper clipping from 1912 on Ancestry.com that I would like to print out and distribute. Am I legally allowed to do so, or is the clipping still held under copyright? Does the answer change if the newspaper is now defunct (The *San Francisco Call*)? | 2012/10/09 | [
"https://genealogy.stackexchange.com/questions/29",
"https://genealogy.stackexchange.com",
"https://genealogy.stackexchange.com/users/21/"
] | The San Francisco Call (among other papers) is available online at the [California Digital Newspaper Collection](http://cdnc.ucr.edu). The copyright blurb on that site says
>
> All newspapers published before January 1, 1923 are in the public domain and therefore have no restrictions on use. If publishing, quoting from, or otherwise reproducing the images from this collection, we request that you credit the CDNC as follows: California Digital Newspaper Collection, Center for Bibliographic Studies and Research, University of California, Riverside, <http://cdnc.ucr.edu>.
>
>
>
For more information on copyright of images from this collection, see their [about](http://cdnc.ucr.edu/about_us.html) link.
All of this implies to me that you can just get a copy of the same newspaper from the CDNC and not worry about Ancestry's policies. | The real question here is "When does a copyright expire?"
[About.com](http://inventors.about.com/od/copyrights/a/expiration.htm) summarizes the situation in the US with this table:
>
> * Published before 1923 - now in public domain
> * Published from 1923 to 1963 - When published with a copyright notice © or "Copyright [dates] by [author/owner]" - copyright protection lasts 28 years and could be renewed for an additional 67 years for a total of 95 years. If not renewed, now in public domain.
> * Published from 1923 to 1963 - When published with no notice - now in public domain
> * Published from 1964 to 1977 - When published with notice - copyright protection lasts 28 years for first term; automatic extension of 67 years for second term for a total of 95 years.
> * Created before 1/1/1978 but not published - copyright notice is irrelevant - copyright protection lasts for the life of author and 70 years or 12/31/2002, whichever is greater
> * Created before 1/1/1978 and published between 1/1/1978 and 12/31/2002 - notice is irrelevant - copyright protecion lasts the life of author and 70 years or 12/31/2047, whichever is greater
> * Created 1/1/1978 or after - When work is fixed in tangible medium of expression - notice is irrelevant - copyright protecion lasts for the life of author and 70 years based on the the longest living author if jointly created or if work of corporate authorship, works for hire, or anonymous and pseudonymous works, the shorter of 95 years from publication, or 120 years from creation.
>
>
>
Given that your clipping was published before 1923, it is in the public domain. I'm not sure if Ancestry.com can make any claims against it -- the digital copy of the clipping may be a copyrightable work (IANAL). If this is the case, you at least have a reference that you could use to search for an alternative, unencumbered digitized version of the clipping.
If had been published between 1923 and 1978, it *might* still be under copyright, but that's only if it were published with a notice *and* was properly renewed. Various works from that period have fallen into the public domain because they were published without a copyright notice and/or the copyright was not renewed. If the publisher was defunct (like the SF Call), then it's likely the copyright wasn't renewed and the work is in the public domain.
Also, not that it's necessarily *legal*, but if the publisher is defunct, and nobody owns the copyrights, then who's to enforce them? |
29 | I have found an old newspaper clipping from 1912 on Ancestry.com that I would like to print out and distribute. Am I legally allowed to do so, or is the clipping still held under copyright? Does the answer change if the newspaper is now defunct (The *San Francisco Call*)? | 2012/10/09 | [
"https://genealogy.stackexchange.com/questions/29",
"https://genealogy.stackexchange.com",
"https://genealogy.stackexchange.com/users/21/"
] | The San Francisco Call (among other papers) is available online at the [California Digital Newspaper Collection](http://cdnc.ucr.edu). The copyright blurb on that site says
>
> All newspapers published before January 1, 1923 are in the public domain and therefore have no restrictions on use. If publishing, quoting from, or otherwise reproducing the images from this collection, we request that you credit the CDNC as follows: California Digital Newspaper Collection, Center for Bibliographic Studies and Research, University of California, Riverside, <http://cdnc.ucr.edu>.
>
>
>
For more information on copyright of images from this collection, see their [about](http://cdnc.ucr.edu/about_us.html) link.
All of this implies to me that you can just get a copy of the same newspaper from the CDNC and not worry about Ancestry's policies. | Disclaimer: I am not a lawyer, you are not my client.
Your rights regarding clippings found on Ancestry.com and similar content-providing sites are **limited by Terms of Service first, copyright second**; *their Terms of Service may limit your rights even if the clipping is free of copyright*.
Once you know the clipping exists, it may be relatively easy to locate the same on another site, but there you'll be bound by *their* Terms of Service...
There generally are multiple copyrights involved; there is the original content and publication, there is the photographing and digitisation of that content, and possibly some image manipulation to enhance the image (and recognise it as theirs...).
If you found an original paper in your attic, you would not have to worry about those Terms of Service, but would you'd still have to deal with copyright law, which is a topic unto itself. However, a quick answer to your second question; that a newspaper is defunct does not imply that all their content is in the public domain. You may need to track down the current copyright holder.
**Tips**:
1. The Terms of Service do not only restrict, but probably *allow* limited usage as well.
2. Do not forget that you have *fair use* rights for copyrighted content.
3. The page that shows the clipping probably mentions the copyright status, current copyright holder or collection provider.
4. Articles elsewhere summarise copyright laws for various countries. |
29 | I have found an old newspaper clipping from 1912 on Ancestry.com that I would like to print out and distribute. Am I legally allowed to do so, or is the clipping still held under copyright? Does the answer change if the newspaper is now defunct (The *San Francisco Call*)? | 2012/10/09 | [
"https://genealogy.stackexchange.com/questions/29",
"https://genealogy.stackexchange.com",
"https://genealogy.stackexchange.com/users/21/"
] | The San Francisco Call (among other papers) is available online at the [California Digital Newspaper Collection](http://cdnc.ucr.edu). The copyright blurb on that site says
>
> All newspapers published before January 1, 1923 are in the public domain and therefore have no restrictions on use. If publishing, quoting from, or otherwise reproducing the images from this collection, we request that you credit the CDNC as follows: California Digital Newspaper Collection, Center for Bibliographic Studies and Research, University of California, Riverside, <http://cdnc.ucr.edu>.
>
>
>
For more information on copyright of images from this collection, see their [about](http://cdnc.ucr.edu/about_us.html) link.
All of this implies to me that you can just get a copy of the same newspaper from the CDNC and not worry about Ancestry's policies. | [The Legal Genealogist](http://www.legalgenealogist.com/blog/2012/03/19/copyright-the-newspaper-article/) recently blogged on the topic of copyright and newspapers. However, you should also consult the terms and conditions of the website where you got the clipping.
How do you intend to distribute it and how many copies do you want to make? Copyright prevents copying **without permission**, so you could ask for permission. |
29 | I have found an old newspaper clipping from 1912 on Ancestry.com that I would like to print out and distribute. Am I legally allowed to do so, or is the clipping still held under copyright? Does the answer change if the newspaper is now defunct (The *San Francisco Call*)? | 2012/10/09 | [
"https://genealogy.stackexchange.com/questions/29",
"https://genealogy.stackexchange.com",
"https://genealogy.stackexchange.com/users/21/"
] | The San Francisco Call (among other papers) is available online at the [California Digital Newspaper Collection](http://cdnc.ucr.edu). The copyright blurb on that site says
>
> All newspapers published before January 1, 1923 are in the public domain and therefore have no restrictions on use. If publishing, quoting from, or otherwise reproducing the images from this collection, we request that you credit the CDNC as follows: California Digital Newspaper Collection, Center for Bibliographic Studies and Research, University of California, Riverside, <http://cdnc.ucr.edu>.
>
>
>
For more information on copyright of images from this collection, see their [about](http://cdnc.ucr.edu/about_us.html) link.
All of this implies to me that you can just get a copy of the same newspaper from the CDNC and not worry about Ancestry's policies. | The problem is not the copyright it is the Terms of Service. The newspaper itself is out of copyright so if you had taken your own image of an original it would be legal to distribute without any concern. However the contract you enter into when you sign up for Ancestry allow you to use THEIR images of the original ONLY IN THE WAYS THEY APROVE! This is the contract you sign as a member. This usually does not allow for any republication or distribution of the image. This is because the access to these documents is the commodity that Ancestry sells. It wouldn't make any sense for them to allow you to share their images because what they want is for your entire family to purchase access to the site via their subscriptions. |
29 | I have found an old newspaper clipping from 1912 on Ancestry.com that I would like to print out and distribute. Am I legally allowed to do so, or is the clipping still held under copyright? Does the answer change if the newspaper is now defunct (The *San Francisco Call*)? | 2012/10/09 | [
"https://genealogy.stackexchange.com/questions/29",
"https://genealogy.stackexchange.com",
"https://genealogy.stackexchange.com/users/21/"
] | Disclaimer: I am not a lawyer, you are not my client.
Your rights regarding clippings found on Ancestry.com and similar content-providing sites are **limited by Terms of Service first, copyright second**; *their Terms of Service may limit your rights even if the clipping is free of copyright*.
Once you know the clipping exists, it may be relatively easy to locate the same on another site, but there you'll be bound by *their* Terms of Service...
There generally are multiple copyrights involved; there is the original content and publication, there is the photographing and digitisation of that content, and possibly some image manipulation to enhance the image (and recognise it as theirs...).
If you found an original paper in your attic, you would not have to worry about those Terms of Service, but would you'd still have to deal with copyright law, which is a topic unto itself. However, a quick answer to your second question; that a newspaper is defunct does not imply that all their content is in the public domain. You may need to track down the current copyright holder.
**Tips**:
1. The Terms of Service do not only restrict, but probably *allow* limited usage as well.
2. Do not forget that you have *fair use* rights for copyrighted content.
3. The page that shows the clipping probably mentions the copyright status, current copyright holder or collection provider.
4. Articles elsewhere summarise copyright laws for various countries. | The real question here is "When does a copyright expire?"
[About.com](http://inventors.about.com/od/copyrights/a/expiration.htm) summarizes the situation in the US with this table:
>
> * Published before 1923 - now in public domain
> * Published from 1923 to 1963 - When published with a copyright notice © or "Copyright [dates] by [author/owner]" - copyright protection lasts 28 years and could be renewed for an additional 67 years for a total of 95 years. If not renewed, now in public domain.
> * Published from 1923 to 1963 - When published with no notice - now in public domain
> * Published from 1964 to 1977 - When published with notice - copyright protection lasts 28 years for first term; automatic extension of 67 years for second term for a total of 95 years.
> * Created before 1/1/1978 but not published - copyright notice is irrelevant - copyright protection lasts for the life of author and 70 years or 12/31/2002, whichever is greater
> * Created before 1/1/1978 and published between 1/1/1978 and 12/31/2002 - notice is irrelevant - copyright protecion lasts the life of author and 70 years or 12/31/2047, whichever is greater
> * Created 1/1/1978 or after - When work is fixed in tangible medium of expression - notice is irrelevant - copyright protecion lasts for the life of author and 70 years based on the the longest living author if jointly created or if work of corporate authorship, works for hire, or anonymous and pseudonymous works, the shorter of 95 years from publication, or 120 years from creation.
>
>
>
Given that your clipping was published before 1923, it is in the public domain. I'm not sure if Ancestry.com can make any claims against it -- the digital copy of the clipping may be a copyrightable work (IANAL). If this is the case, you at least have a reference that you could use to search for an alternative, unencumbered digitized version of the clipping.
If had been published between 1923 and 1978, it *might* still be under copyright, but that's only if it were published with a notice *and* was properly renewed. Various works from that period have fallen into the public domain because they were published without a copyright notice and/or the copyright was not renewed. If the publisher was defunct (like the SF Call), then it's likely the copyright wasn't renewed and the work is in the public domain.
Also, not that it's necessarily *legal*, but if the publisher is defunct, and nobody owns the copyrights, then who's to enforce them? |
29 | I have found an old newspaper clipping from 1912 on Ancestry.com that I would like to print out and distribute. Am I legally allowed to do so, or is the clipping still held under copyright? Does the answer change if the newspaper is now defunct (The *San Francisco Call*)? | 2012/10/09 | [
"https://genealogy.stackexchange.com/questions/29",
"https://genealogy.stackexchange.com",
"https://genealogy.stackexchange.com/users/21/"
] | The real question here is "When does a copyright expire?"
[About.com](http://inventors.about.com/od/copyrights/a/expiration.htm) summarizes the situation in the US with this table:
>
> * Published before 1923 - now in public domain
> * Published from 1923 to 1963 - When published with a copyright notice © or "Copyright [dates] by [author/owner]" - copyright protection lasts 28 years and could be renewed for an additional 67 years for a total of 95 years. If not renewed, now in public domain.
> * Published from 1923 to 1963 - When published with no notice - now in public domain
> * Published from 1964 to 1977 - When published with notice - copyright protection lasts 28 years for first term; automatic extension of 67 years for second term for a total of 95 years.
> * Created before 1/1/1978 but not published - copyright notice is irrelevant - copyright protection lasts for the life of author and 70 years or 12/31/2002, whichever is greater
> * Created before 1/1/1978 and published between 1/1/1978 and 12/31/2002 - notice is irrelevant - copyright protecion lasts the life of author and 70 years or 12/31/2047, whichever is greater
> * Created 1/1/1978 or after - When work is fixed in tangible medium of expression - notice is irrelevant - copyright protecion lasts for the life of author and 70 years based on the the longest living author if jointly created or if work of corporate authorship, works for hire, or anonymous and pseudonymous works, the shorter of 95 years from publication, or 120 years from creation.
>
>
>
Given that your clipping was published before 1923, it is in the public domain. I'm not sure if Ancestry.com can make any claims against it -- the digital copy of the clipping may be a copyrightable work (IANAL). If this is the case, you at least have a reference that you could use to search for an alternative, unencumbered digitized version of the clipping.
If had been published between 1923 and 1978, it *might* still be under copyright, but that's only if it were published with a notice *and* was properly renewed. Various works from that period have fallen into the public domain because they were published without a copyright notice and/or the copyright was not renewed. If the publisher was defunct (like the SF Call), then it's likely the copyright wasn't renewed and the work is in the public domain.
Also, not that it's necessarily *legal*, but if the publisher is defunct, and nobody owns the copyrights, then who's to enforce them? | The problem is not the copyright it is the Terms of Service. The newspaper itself is out of copyright so if you had taken your own image of an original it would be legal to distribute without any concern. However the contract you enter into when you sign up for Ancestry allow you to use THEIR images of the original ONLY IN THE WAYS THEY APROVE! This is the contract you sign as a member. This usually does not allow for any republication or distribution of the image. This is because the access to these documents is the commodity that Ancestry sells. It wouldn't make any sense for them to allow you to share their images because what they want is for your entire family to purchase access to the site via their subscriptions. |
29 | I have found an old newspaper clipping from 1912 on Ancestry.com that I would like to print out and distribute. Am I legally allowed to do so, or is the clipping still held under copyright? Does the answer change if the newspaper is now defunct (The *San Francisco Call*)? | 2012/10/09 | [
"https://genealogy.stackexchange.com/questions/29",
"https://genealogy.stackexchange.com",
"https://genealogy.stackexchange.com/users/21/"
] | Disclaimer: I am not a lawyer, you are not my client.
Your rights regarding clippings found on Ancestry.com and similar content-providing sites are **limited by Terms of Service first, copyright second**; *their Terms of Service may limit your rights even if the clipping is free of copyright*.
Once you know the clipping exists, it may be relatively easy to locate the same on another site, but there you'll be bound by *their* Terms of Service...
There generally are multiple copyrights involved; there is the original content and publication, there is the photographing and digitisation of that content, and possibly some image manipulation to enhance the image (and recognise it as theirs...).
If you found an original paper in your attic, you would not have to worry about those Terms of Service, but would you'd still have to deal with copyright law, which is a topic unto itself. However, a quick answer to your second question; that a newspaper is defunct does not imply that all their content is in the public domain. You may need to track down the current copyright holder.
**Tips**:
1. The Terms of Service do not only restrict, but probably *allow* limited usage as well.
2. Do not forget that you have *fair use* rights for copyrighted content.
3. The page that shows the clipping probably mentions the copyright status, current copyright holder or collection provider.
4. Articles elsewhere summarise copyright laws for various countries. | [The Legal Genealogist](http://www.legalgenealogist.com/blog/2012/03/19/copyright-the-newspaper-article/) recently blogged on the topic of copyright and newspapers. However, you should also consult the terms and conditions of the website where you got the clipping.
How do you intend to distribute it and how many copies do you want to make? Copyright prevents copying **without permission**, so you could ask for permission. |
29 | I have found an old newspaper clipping from 1912 on Ancestry.com that I would like to print out and distribute. Am I legally allowed to do so, or is the clipping still held under copyright? Does the answer change if the newspaper is now defunct (The *San Francisco Call*)? | 2012/10/09 | [
"https://genealogy.stackexchange.com/questions/29",
"https://genealogy.stackexchange.com",
"https://genealogy.stackexchange.com/users/21/"
] | Disclaimer: I am not a lawyer, you are not my client.
Your rights regarding clippings found on Ancestry.com and similar content-providing sites are **limited by Terms of Service first, copyright second**; *their Terms of Service may limit your rights even if the clipping is free of copyright*.
Once you know the clipping exists, it may be relatively easy to locate the same on another site, but there you'll be bound by *their* Terms of Service...
There generally are multiple copyrights involved; there is the original content and publication, there is the photographing and digitisation of that content, and possibly some image manipulation to enhance the image (and recognise it as theirs...).
If you found an original paper in your attic, you would not have to worry about those Terms of Service, but would you'd still have to deal with copyright law, which is a topic unto itself. However, a quick answer to your second question; that a newspaper is defunct does not imply that all their content is in the public domain. You may need to track down the current copyright holder.
**Tips**:
1. The Terms of Service do not only restrict, but probably *allow* limited usage as well.
2. Do not forget that you have *fair use* rights for copyrighted content.
3. The page that shows the clipping probably mentions the copyright status, current copyright holder or collection provider.
4. Articles elsewhere summarise copyright laws for various countries. | The problem is not the copyright it is the Terms of Service. The newspaper itself is out of copyright so if you had taken your own image of an original it would be legal to distribute without any concern. However the contract you enter into when you sign up for Ancestry allow you to use THEIR images of the original ONLY IN THE WAYS THEY APROVE! This is the contract you sign as a member. This usually does not allow for any republication or distribution of the image. This is because the access to these documents is the commodity that Ancestry sells. It wouldn't make any sense for them to allow you to share their images because what they want is for your entire family to purchase access to the site via their subscriptions. |
29 | I have found an old newspaper clipping from 1912 on Ancestry.com that I would like to print out and distribute. Am I legally allowed to do so, or is the clipping still held under copyright? Does the answer change if the newspaper is now defunct (The *San Francisco Call*)? | 2012/10/09 | [
"https://genealogy.stackexchange.com/questions/29",
"https://genealogy.stackexchange.com",
"https://genealogy.stackexchange.com/users/21/"
] | [The Legal Genealogist](http://www.legalgenealogist.com/blog/2012/03/19/copyright-the-newspaper-article/) recently blogged on the topic of copyright and newspapers. However, you should also consult the terms and conditions of the website where you got the clipping.
How do you intend to distribute it and how many copies do you want to make? Copyright prevents copying **without permission**, so you could ask for permission. | The problem is not the copyright it is the Terms of Service. The newspaper itself is out of copyright so if you had taken your own image of an original it would be legal to distribute without any concern. However the contract you enter into when you sign up for Ancestry allow you to use THEIR images of the original ONLY IN THE WAYS THEY APROVE! This is the contract you sign as a member. This usually does not allow for any republication or distribution of the image. This is because the access to these documents is the commodity that Ancestry sells. It wouldn't make any sense for them to allow you to share their images because what they want is for your entire family to purchase access to the site via their subscriptions. |
8,606 | Inspired by [this](https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/questions/4254/could-bitcoin-be-destroyed-if-an-entity-cornered-the-market) question ("Could bitcoin be destroyed by an entity cornering the market?") and the top comment on [this](https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/a/1094/1625) answer to [this](https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/q/1093/1625) question ("How much would it cost to execute a 51% attack?").
The United States government hates currencies competing with its own, so it may at some point have great motivation to destroy bitcoin.
Answers to the first question show that the government couldn't destroy bitcoin by cornering the market. Answers to the second question show that it would be very expensive for an individual to sustain a 51% attack.
However, the top comment on the referenced answer reads:
>
> A related point is: why bother mounting such an attack? If you were
> indeed successful and started building your own block chain, then
> confidence in Bitcoin would plummet and investors would sell out their
> positions (assuming their positions could be sold out). The price
> would drop through the floor and the value of your exploit would be
> reduced to nothing.
>
>
>
Given the upvotes on this comment, many appear to agree that a sustained 51% would plummet bitcoin values. This would lead to extreme distrust, and possible collapse, of the system.
But $16.35M + $84k / day is likely spare change for some branches of the U.S. government. If the U.S. sustained a 51% attack almost indefinitely, would this destroy bitcoin? For them, the value of their exploit would hardly "be reduced to nothing", instead it could possibly save their inflationary currency.
One might even say the 51% attack investment would pay itself off with the amount of inflationary income they could generate given the downfall of bitcoin.
This same scenario may apply to any wealthy organization. One could bet on bitcoin falling and then apply this attack for profit. The IMF or a different government could have reason to attack Bitcoin. | 2013/03/22 | [
"https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/questions/8606",
"https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com",
"https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/users/1625/"
] | *Edit: I no longer think this answer is true.*
The blockchain wouldn't cease to exist if an evil organization got a majority of hashpower. Thus, your questions would be better stated as, "If an evil organization that wanted to destroy bitcoin got a majority of hashpower, would bitcoin become less useful?"
Yes, and we'd have to switch to an [alternate scheme for checking blocks](https://en.bitcoin.it/w/index.php?search=proof&button=&title=Special%3ASearch). | And as BTC represent the potential for a seachange historical event in respect to money and therefore politics, wars, culture, etc, the powers that control trillions in concentrated wealth in all asset classes, acquired by controlling money printing are threatened.
Best start prepariing for what would seem an eventuality. |
8,606 | Inspired by [this](https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/questions/4254/could-bitcoin-be-destroyed-if-an-entity-cornered-the-market) question ("Could bitcoin be destroyed by an entity cornering the market?") and the top comment on [this](https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/a/1094/1625) answer to [this](https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/q/1093/1625) question ("How much would it cost to execute a 51% attack?").
The United States government hates currencies competing with its own, so it may at some point have great motivation to destroy bitcoin.
Answers to the first question show that the government couldn't destroy bitcoin by cornering the market. Answers to the second question show that it would be very expensive for an individual to sustain a 51% attack.
However, the top comment on the referenced answer reads:
>
> A related point is: why bother mounting such an attack? If you were
> indeed successful and started building your own block chain, then
> confidence in Bitcoin would plummet and investors would sell out their
> positions (assuming their positions could be sold out). The price
> would drop through the floor and the value of your exploit would be
> reduced to nothing.
>
>
>
Given the upvotes on this comment, many appear to agree that a sustained 51% would plummet bitcoin values. This would lead to extreme distrust, and possible collapse, of the system.
But $16.35M + $84k / day is likely spare change for some branches of the U.S. government. If the U.S. sustained a 51% attack almost indefinitely, would this destroy bitcoin? For them, the value of their exploit would hardly "be reduced to nothing", instead it could possibly save their inflationary currency.
One might even say the 51% attack investment would pay itself off with the amount of inflationary income they could generate given the downfall of bitcoin.
This same scenario may apply to any wealthy organization. One could bet on bitcoin falling and then apply this attack for profit. The IMF or a different government could have reason to attack Bitcoin. | 2013/03/22 | [
"https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/questions/8606",
"https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com",
"https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/users/1625/"
] | *Edit: I no longer think this answer is true.*
The blockchain wouldn't cease to exist if an evil organization got a majority of hashpower. Thus, your questions would be better stated as, "If an evil organization that wanted to destroy bitcoin got a majority of hashpower, would bitcoin become less useful?"
Yes, and we'd have to switch to an [alternate scheme for checking blocks](https://en.bitcoin.it/w/index.php?search=proof&button=&title=Special%3ASearch). | If such an event occurred it would likely be recoverable from a technical standpoint, it's basically a matter of reverting to the pre-attack block chain. A tiny microcosm happened recently: <http://bitcoin.org/may15.html>
The larger effect would be the market reaction and this would largely be a function of the grace of the recovery. |
8,606 | Inspired by [this](https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/questions/4254/could-bitcoin-be-destroyed-if-an-entity-cornered-the-market) question ("Could bitcoin be destroyed by an entity cornering the market?") and the top comment on [this](https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/a/1094/1625) answer to [this](https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/q/1093/1625) question ("How much would it cost to execute a 51% attack?").
The United States government hates currencies competing with its own, so it may at some point have great motivation to destroy bitcoin.
Answers to the first question show that the government couldn't destroy bitcoin by cornering the market. Answers to the second question show that it would be very expensive for an individual to sustain a 51% attack.
However, the top comment on the referenced answer reads:
>
> A related point is: why bother mounting such an attack? If you were
> indeed successful and started building your own block chain, then
> confidence in Bitcoin would plummet and investors would sell out their
> positions (assuming their positions could be sold out). The price
> would drop through the floor and the value of your exploit would be
> reduced to nothing.
>
>
>
Given the upvotes on this comment, many appear to agree that a sustained 51% would plummet bitcoin values. This would lead to extreme distrust, and possible collapse, of the system.
But $16.35M + $84k / day is likely spare change for some branches of the U.S. government. If the U.S. sustained a 51% attack almost indefinitely, would this destroy bitcoin? For them, the value of their exploit would hardly "be reduced to nothing", instead it could possibly save their inflationary currency.
One might even say the 51% attack investment would pay itself off with the amount of inflationary income they could generate given the downfall of bitcoin.
This same scenario may apply to any wealthy organization. One could bet on bitcoin falling and then apply this attack for profit. The IMF or a different government could have reason to attack Bitcoin. | 2013/03/22 | [
"https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/questions/8606",
"https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com",
"https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/users/1625/"
] | One of the questions you linked to has the wrong chosen answer— Bitcoin can also be destroyed by a sufficiently deep pocketed attacker which corners sufficient marketshare of coins to enable causing debilitating volatility. Probably won't require any where near majority share to create volatility. I added my claim at that question.
Yes Bitcoin can also be destroyed if an attacker cornered sufficient Proof-of-Work to disrupt the system. Even if developers release new protocols after the attack, there will be chaos as to which fork to trust and reputation will be shattered.
Might not even require 51%, as the minority share attacker could cause many transactions to be randomly delayed, which is also potentially debilitating to a currency.
As the prior answer points out, one the keys to hardening a P2P currency is to make the Proof-of-Work more difficult to corner. But that alone is not sufficient, as the volatility of the value is another attack vector. [I am contemplating solutions](https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/questions/1895/what-bitcoin-esque-alternatives-are-there/8627#8627) to harden against both classes of vulnerabilities.
Bitcoin might even be attackable simply by talking and enumerating the flaws in it. We could see a crash at any time if enough people become concerned. So public opinion is another attack vector. | And as BTC represent the potential for a seachange historical event in respect to money and therefore politics, wars, culture, etc, the powers that control trillions in concentrated wealth in all asset classes, acquired by controlling money printing are threatened.
Best start prepariing for what would seem an eventuality. |
8,606 | Inspired by [this](https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/questions/4254/could-bitcoin-be-destroyed-if-an-entity-cornered-the-market) question ("Could bitcoin be destroyed by an entity cornering the market?") and the top comment on [this](https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/a/1094/1625) answer to [this](https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/q/1093/1625) question ("How much would it cost to execute a 51% attack?").
The United States government hates currencies competing with its own, so it may at some point have great motivation to destroy bitcoin.
Answers to the first question show that the government couldn't destroy bitcoin by cornering the market. Answers to the second question show that it would be very expensive for an individual to sustain a 51% attack.
However, the top comment on the referenced answer reads:
>
> A related point is: why bother mounting such an attack? If you were
> indeed successful and started building your own block chain, then
> confidence in Bitcoin would plummet and investors would sell out their
> positions (assuming their positions could be sold out). The price
> would drop through the floor and the value of your exploit would be
> reduced to nothing.
>
>
>
Given the upvotes on this comment, many appear to agree that a sustained 51% would plummet bitcoin values. This would lead to extreme distrust, and possible collapse, of the system.
But $16.35M + $84k / day is likely spare change for some branches of the U.S. government. If the U.S. sustained a 51% attack almost indefinitely, would this destroy bitcoin? For them, the value of their exploit would hardly "be reduced to nothing", instead it could possibly save their inflationary currency.
One might even say the 51% attack investment would pay itself off with the amount of inflationary income they could generate given the downfall of bitcoin.
This same scenario may apply to any wealthy organization. One could bet on bitcoin falling and then apply this attack for profit. The IMF or a different government could have reason to attack Bitcoin. | 2013/03/22 | [
"https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/questions/8606",
"https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com",
"https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/users/1625/"
] | One of the questions you linked to has the wrong chosen answer— Bitcoin can also be destroyed by a sufficiently deep pocketed attacker which corners sufficient marketshare of coins to enable causing debilitating volatility. Probably won't require any where near majority share to create volatility. I added my claim at that question.
Yes Bitcoin can also be destroyed if an attacker cornered sufficient Proof-of-Work to disrupt the system. Even if developers release new protocols after the attack, there will be chaos as to which fork to trust and reputation will be shattered.
Might not even require 51%, as the minority share attacker could cause many transactions to be randomly delayed, which is also potentially debilitating to a currency.
As the prior answer points out, one the keys to hardening a P2P currency is to make the Proof-of-Work more difficult to corner. But that alone is not sufficient, as the volatility of the value is another attack vector. [I am contemplating solutions](https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/questions/1895/what-bitcoin-esque-alternatives-are-there/8627#8627) to harden against both classes of vulnerabilities.
Bitcoin might even be attackable simply by talking and enumerating the flaws in it. We could see a crash at any time if enough people become concerned. So public opinion is another attack vector. | If such an event occurred it would likely be recoverable from a technical standpoint, it's basically a matter of reverting to the pre-attack block chain. A tiny microcosm happened recently: <http://bitcoin.org/may15.html>
The larger effect would be the market reaction and this would largely be a function of the grace of the recovery. |
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