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41,787 | What is the difference between *to allege* and *to claim*? Can I use them interchangeably? Or perhaps I can only *allege* something illegal?
For example, from CNET:
>
> Over the past several months, the two companies have been embroiled in
> litigation in which Apple **alleges** that Samsung illegally copied
> technology and design aspects of the iPad to create the Galaxy Tab.
>
>
>
If I replace *alleges* with *claims*, does it change the meaning at all? | 2011/09/13 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/41787",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/12969/"
] | *Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of Synonyms* 1984) puts *allege* in a group of verbs with *adduce*, *advance*, and *cite*; and it puts *claim* in a group of verbs with *demand*, *require*, and *exact*. Here are its treatments of the two verbs:
>
> **adduce, advance, allege, cite** may be used interchangeably in the meaning to bring forward by way of explanation, proof, illustration, or demonstration; however, they usually are clearly distinguishable in their implications and in their idiomatic associations. ... **Allege** may indicate a bringing forward or stating as if needing no proof {younger scholars nevertheless can *allege* a very strong point on their side—*H. M. Jones*} It may on the other hand stress doubt about or a disclaimer of responsibility for the truth of matter under discussion {those whose senses are *alleged* to be subject to supernatural impressions—*Le Fanu*} Its participial adjective alleged, especially, often serves as disclaimer of responsibility for the assertion {an *alleged* miracle} {the *alleged* thief} {the presence, real or *alleged*, of some hostile group—*Dewey*} ...
>
>
> ...
>
>
> **Demand, claim, require, exact** are comparable not as close synonyms but as sharing the basic meaning to ask or call for something as due or as necessary or as strongly desired. ... **Claim** implies a demanding either of the delivery or concession of something due one as one's own, one's right, or one's prerogative or of the admission or recognition of something which one asserts or affirms; thus, one who *claims* a piece of property *demands* its delivery to him as his own; one who *claims* that he has solved a problem *demands* recognition of the truth of his assertion {there is no right to freedom or life. But each man does *claim* such freedom—Alexander} {a genius, say his detractors, can be perverse, and they *claim* the right to tell this genius when and where and why he is perverse—Read}
>
>
>
Harry Shaw, *Dictionary of Problem Words and Expressions* 1975) likewise puts *alleged* and *claim* in different word groups: *alleged* with *accused* and *suspected*, and *claim* with *demand*. Here are the discussions of the relevant words in this dictionary:
>
> **alleged, accused, suspected.** Each of these words is used to refer to persons involved in legal problems. To *allege* means "to state positively," "to assert without proof," or "to urge as an excuse or reason." ... One cannot *allege* a swindler, but rather a condition or a crime. ...
>
>
> ...
>
>
> **demand, claim.** ... *Claim* means "to assert a right": "The driver *claimed* that he was entitled to a hearing." *Claim* should not be used when you mean *say*, *assert*, *state*, or *declare* unless a right is involved: "The student *claimed* his right to an examination." "The student *asserted* (or said or stated or declared) that he was going to college."
>
>
>
And finally S.I. Hayakawa, *Choose the Right Word: A Modern Guide to Synonyms* (1968) places allege with *affirm*, *assert*, *asseverate*, *aver*, *avouch*, *avow*, *maintain*, and *testify* and places *claim* with *demand*, *ask*, *exact*, *order*, *request*, and *require*. Here are Hayakawa's entries for the words:
>
> **assert, affirm, allege, asseverate, aver, avouch, avow, maintain, testify** These verbs all mean to state positively, as though anticipating or countering argument or skepticism. Whereas **assert** means to state with some force or conviction, **allege** means to state without offering proof: It was *alleged* that he was present at the scene of the crime, but he *asserted* that he was in Europe at the time. Whatever one *asserts* he would defend in argument, but whether anyone believes something *alleged* is beside the point; the aim of *alleging* is to learn the truth by proving or disproving the claim made. ...
>
>
> ...
>
>
> **demand, ask, claim, exact, order, request, require** These verbs all refer to rather forceful communications between a speaker and another person. ... **Claim** and **exact** involve a slightly different situation than these other words. *Claim* suggests that a right has been asserted: *claiming* this land in the name of the queen; unions that *claimed* a right to share in the company's profits.
>
>
>
It thus appears that all three of these reference works treat *allege* as fundamentally involving an assertion of factuality without proof, and *claim* as fundamentally involving an assertion of a right, with or without supporting evidence.
In real-world practice, of course, most people make no such distinction between the two words. Here are their entries in *Merriam-Webster's Eleventh Collegiate Dictionary* (2003):
>
> **allege** *vt* (14c) **1** *archaic* **:** to adduce or bring forward as a source or authority **2 :** to assert without proof or before proving {the newspaper *alleges* the mayor's guilt} **3 :** to bring forward as a reason or excuse
>
>
> ...
>
>
> **claim** *vt* (14c) **1 a :** to ask for esp. as a right {*claimed* the inheritance} **b :** to call for : REQUIRE {this matter *claims* our attention} **c :** TAKE [in the sense of "to put an end to (life)" or "to remove by death"] {the accident *claimed* her life} **2 :** to take as the rightful owner {went to *claim* their bags at the station} **3 a :** to assert in the face of possible contradiction : MAINTAIN {*claimed* that he'd been cheated} **b :** to claim to have {organization ... which *claims* 11,000 ... members —*Rolling Stone*} **c :** to assert to be rightfully one's own {*claimed* responsibility for the attack}
>
>
>
Some of the two words' meanings are obviously nonoverlapping. But "to assert without proof or before proving," "to bring forward as a reason or excuse," and "to assert in the face of possible contradiction : MAINTAIN" seem to me to have so much in common that it's really difficult to tell which of these definitions go with *allege* and which with *claim*. The relative newcomer among these three definitions in the one for *claim*—"to assert in the face of possible contradiction : MAINTAIN"—which the *Seventh Collegiate* (1963) lists in identical language, but which the *Sixth Collegiate* (1949) omits, as you can see here:
>
> **claim** *v.t.* **1.** To ask for, or seek to obtain, by virtue of authority, right, or supposed right; to demand as due. **2.** To assert as a fact, right, or relation which ought to to be acknowledged; as to *claim* the championship. **3.** To call for; require; as, the subject *claims* our attention.
>
>
>
The *Sixth Collegiate*'s definition 1 of *claim* clearly corresponds to the *Seventh*'s (and *Eleventh*'s) definition 1(a); the *Sixth*'s definition 2 to the *Seventh*'s and *Eleventh*'s definition 2, and *Sixth*'s definition 3 to the *Seventh* (and *Eleventh*'s) definition 1(b). That leaves definition 3 of the *Seventh* (and *Eleventh*) with no counterpart in previous editions.
I have no doubt that English speakers and writers were using *claim* in the sense of "to assert in the face of possible contradiction" long before 1963, but they did so against the advice of usage commentators who argued that proper use of *claim* as a verb always implied some sort of demand for vindication of an underlying right or prerogative. Because English speakers and writers often chose to use *claim* in a sense extremely similar to "to assert without proof or before proving," they brought the word into close orbit with *allege*, leading to questions such as the OP's here. | Allege is used when no evidence is available so it is not sure or accurate yet. It is a statement that is made without giving proof, accusing somebody of doing something that is wrong or illegal.
Claim is used when evidence is available and it is sure and true.
the two words are not the same and cannot be used interchangeably. |
41,787 | What is the difference between *to allege* and *to claim*? Can I use them interchangeably? Or perhaps I can only *allege* something illegal?
For example, from CNET:
>
> Over the past several months, the two companies have been embroiled in
> litigation in which Apple **alleges** that Samsung illegally copied
> technology and design aspects of the iPad to create the Galaxy Tab.
>
>
>
If I replace *alleges* with *claims*, does it change the meaning at all? | 2011/09/13 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/41787",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/12969/"
] | *Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of Synonyms* 1984) puts *allege* in a group of verbs with *adduce*, *advance*, and *cite*; and it puts *claim* in a group of verbs with *demand*, *require*, and *exact*. Here are its treatments of the two verbs:
>
> **adduce, advance, allege, cite** may be used interchangeably in the meaning to bring forward by way of explanation, proof, illustration, or demonstration; however, they usually are clearly distinguishable in their implications and in their idiomatic associations. ... **Allege** may indicate a bringing forward or stating as if needing no proof {younger scholars nevertheless can *allege* a very strong point on their side—*H. M. Jones*} It may on the other hand stress doubt about or a disclaimer of responsibility for the truth of matter under discussion {those whose senses are *alleged* to be subject to supernatural impressions—*Le Fanu*} Its participial adjective alleged, especially, often serves as disclaimer of responsibility for the assertion {an *alleged* miracle} {the *alleged* thief} {the presence, real or *alleged*, of some hostile group—*Dewey*} ...
>
>
> ...
>
>
> **Demand, claim, require, exact** are comparable not as close synonyms but as sharing the basic meaning to ask or call for something as due or as necessary or as strongly desired. ... **Claim** implies a demanding either of the delivery or concession of something due one as one's own, one's right, or one's prerogative or of the admission or recognition of something which one asserts or affirms; thus, one who *claims* a piece of property *demands* its delivery to him as his own; one who *claims* that he has solved a problem *demands* recognition of the truth of his assertion {there is no right to freedom or life. But each man does *claim* such freedom—Alexander} {a genius, say his detractors, can be perverse, and they *claim* the right to tell this genius when and where and why he is perverse—Read}
>
>
>
Harry Shaw, *Dictionary of Problem Words and Expressions* 1975) likewise puts *alleged* and *claim* in different word groups: *alleged* with *accused* and *suspected*, and *claim* with *demand*. Here are the discussions of the relevant words in this dictionary:
>
> **alleged, accused, suspected.** Each of these words is used to refer to persons involved in legal problems. To *allege* means "to state positively," "to assert without proof," or "to urge as an excuse or reason." ... One cannot *allege* a swindler, but rather a condition or a crime. ...
>
>
> ...
>
>
> **demand, claim.** ... *Claim* means "to assert a right": "The driver *claimed* that he was entitled to a hearing." *Claim* should not be used when you mean *say*, *assert*, *state*, or *declare* unless a right is involved: "The student *claimed* his right to an examination." "The student *asserted* (or said or stated or declared) that he was going to college."
>
>
>
And finally S.I. Hayakawa, *Choose the Right Word: A Modern Guide to Synonyms* (1968) places allege with *affirm*, *assert*, *asseverate*, *aver*, *avouch*, *avow*, *maintain*, and *testify* and places *claim* with *demand*, *ask*, *exact*, *order*, *request*, and *require*. Here are Hayakawa's entries for the words:
>
> **assert, affirm, allege, asseverate, aver, avouch, avow, maintain, testify** These verbs all mean to state positively, as though anticipating or countering argument or skepticism. Whereas **assert** means to state with some force or conviction, **allege** means to state without offering proof: It was *alleged* that he was present at the scene of the crime, but he *asserted* that he was in Europe at the time. Whatever one *asserts* he would defend in argument, but whether anyone believes something *alleged* is beside the point; the aim of *alleging* is to learn the truth by proving or disproving the claim made. ...
>
>
> ...
>
>
> **demand, ask, claim, exact, order, request, require** These verbs all refer to rather forceful communications between a speaker and another person. ... **Claim** and **exact** involve a slightly different situation than these other words. *Claim* suggests that a right has been asserted: *claiming* this land in the name of the queen; unions that *claimed* a right to share in the company's profits.
>
>
>
It thus appears that all three of these reference works treat *allege* as fundamentally involving an assertion of factuality without proof, and *claim* as fundamentally involving an assertion of a right, with or without supporting evidence.
In real-world practice, of course, most people make no such distinction between the two words. Here are their entries in *Merriam-Webster's Eleventh Collegiate Dictionary* (2003):
>
> **allege** *vt* (14c) **1** *archaic* **:** to adduce or bring forward as a source or authority **2 :** to assert without proof or before proving {the newspaper *alleges* the mayor's guilt} **3 :** to bring forward as a reason or excuse
>
>
> ...
>
>
> **claim** *vt* (14c) **1 a :** to ask for esp. as a right {*claimed* the inheritance} **b :** to call for : REQUIRE {this matter *claims* our attention} **c :** TAKE [in the sense of "to put an end to (life)" or "to remove by death"] {the accident *claimed* her life} **2 :** to take as the rightful owner {went to *claim* their bags at the station} **3 a :** to assert in the face of possible contradiction : MAINTAIN {*claimed* that he'd been cheated} **b :** to claim to have {organization ... which *claims* 11,000 ... members —*Rolling Stone*} **c :** to assert to be rightfully one's own {*claimed* responsibility for the attack}
>
>
>
Some of the two words' meanings are obviously nonoverlapping. But "to assert without proof or before proving," "to bring forward as a reason or excuse," and "to assert in the face of possible contradiction : MAINTAIN" seem to me to have so much in common that it's really difficult to tell which of these definitions go with *allege* and which with *claim*. The relative newcomer among these three definitions in the one for *claim*—"to assert in the face of possible contradiction : MAINTAIN"—which the *Seventh Collegiate* (1963) lists in identical language, but which the *Sixth Collegiate* (1949) omits, as you can see here:
>
> **claim** *v.t.* **1.** To ask for, or seek to obtain, by virtue of authority, right, or supposed right; to demand as due. **2.** To assert as a fact, right, or relation which ought to to be acknowledged; as to *claim* the championship. **3.** To call for; require; as, the subject *claims* our attention.
>
>
>
The *Sixth Collegiate*'s definition 1 of *claim* clearly corresponds to the *Seventh*'s (and *Eleventh*'s) definition 1(a); the *Sixth*'s definition 2 to the *Seventh*'s and *Eleventh*'s definition 2, and *Sixth*'s definition 3 to the *Seventh* (and *Eleventh*'s) definition 1(b). That leaves definition 3 of the *Seventh* (and *Eleventh*) with no counterpart in previous editions.
I have no doubt that English speakers and writers were using *claim* in the sense of "to assert in the face of possible contradiction" long before 1963, but they did so against the advice of usage commentators who argued that proper use of *claim* as a verb always implied some sort of demand for vindication of an underlying right or prerogative. Because English speakers and writers often chose to use *claim* in a sense extremely similar to "to assert without proof or before proving," they brought the word into close orbit with *allege*, leading to questions such as the OP's here. | In the legal context, "allege" usually means a statement regarding the truth or falsity of something: e.g. A and B were married on February 20, 1986.
"Claim" is usually used in the sense of "claim for relief," which means what you are asking the court to order: e.g. A asks this court to dissolve the marriage of the parties.
In these examples, if A files the petition, then B might admit or deny certain factual allegations in A's petition, but, given that no-fault divorces are the norm, B would probably not contest or counterclaim against A's claim for relief (to divorce the parties).
That said, even in informal conversations between lawyers, "claim" will sometimes be used in the sense of "allegation."
I think the other commentators might be correct as far as connotation, I just wanted to add my 2 cents. |
41,787 | What is the difference between *to allege* and *to claim*? Can I use them interchangeably? Or perhaps I can only *allege* something illegal?
For example, from CNET:
>
> Over the past several months, the two companies have been embroiled in
> litigation in which Apple **alleges** that Samsung illegally copied
> technology and design aspects of the iPad to create the Galaxy Tab.
>
>
>
If I replace *alleges* with *claims*, does it change the meaning at all? | 2011/09/13 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/41787",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/12969/"
] | [*Alleges*](http://www.oxfordadvancedlearnersdictionary.com/dictionary/allege) means:
>
> to state something as a fact but without giving proof
>
>
>
It is very similar to *claims*, but it is used in situations where there is a legal accusation which has not yet been resolved. For example, Apple here *alleges* Samsung copied technology. This may or may not be true, but in any case it is a legal claim.
You could use *claims*, but it wouldn't have the same connotations. | Allege is used when no evidence is available so it is not sure or accurate yet. It is a statement that is made without giving proof, accusing somebody of doing something that is wrong or illegal.
Claim is used when evidence is available and it is sure and true.
the two words are not the same and cannot be used interchangeably. |
41,787 | What is the difference between *to allege* and *to claim*? Can I use them interchangeably? Or perhaps I can only *allege* something illegal?
For example, from CNET:
>
> Over the past several months, the two companies have been embroiled in
> litigation in which Apple **alleges** that Samsung illegally copied
> technology and design aspects of the iPad to create the Galaxy Tab.
>
>
>
If I replace *alleges* with *claims*, does it change the meaning at all? | 2011/09/13 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/41787",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/12969/"
] | To *allege* is always to accuse a party (human or corporate) of wrongdoing. You may, however, *claim* something without the accusation of wrongdoing.
For example:
* You can *claim* that a new product is far superior to its competitors
* You can *claim* that a storm damaged your conservatory by blowing your neighbour's tree down so that it fell on the conservatory
* You can *claim* that the dog ate your homework
In none of these situations are you accusing anyone of anything (except, possibly, the dog. But he isn't a legally responsible entity and you aren't asking your teacher to take action against him).
You can *claim* that someone is guilty of wrongdoing against you but this can be less aggressive that *accusing* them of it. For example:
* You can *claim* that a rival's product breaches a patent you hold in some significant detail.
* You can *claim* that a neighbour's tree is damaging your conservatory because the branches are scratching the glass and wearing away the frame
* You can *claim* that your sister spilt coffee over your homework
If you *claim* negligence or deliberate wrongdoing on the part of another this is the same as *alleging* it:
* You can *claim* or *allege* that a rival has copied your patented product deliberately.
* You can *claim* or *allege* that your neighbour has cut down his tree so carelessly or incompetently that it has fallen on your conservatory
* You can *claim* or *allege* that the class bully has thrown your homework into the river.
There is an overlap in the meaning but *allege* is stronger, more associated with criminality and tends to imply a higher standard of proof. *Claim* is wider in application, slightly gentler and somewhat less formal in its implications. | The only difference is one of diction. "Alleges" is in a much higher register than "claims." "Alleges" is also preferred in legal contexts. |
41,787 | What is the difference between *to allege* and *to claim*? Can I use them interchangeably? Or perhaps I can only *allege* something illegal?
For example, from CNET:
>
> Over the past several months, the two companies have been embroiled in
> litigation in which Apple **alleges** that Samsung illegally copied
> technology and design aspects of the iPad to create the Galaxy Tab.
>
>
>
If I replace *alleges* with *claims*, does it change the meaning at all? | 2011/09/13 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/41787",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/12969/"
] | The only difference is one of diction. "Alleges" is in a much higher register than "claims." "Alleges" is also preferred in legal contexts. | Allege is used when no evidence is available so it is not sure or accurate yet. It is a statement that is made without giving proof, accusing somebody of doing something that is wrong or illegal.
Claim is used when evidence is available and it is sure and true.
the two words are not the same and cannot be used interchangeably. |
41,787 | What is the difference between *to allege* and *to claim*? Can I use them interchangeably? Or perhaps I can only *allege* something illegal?
For example, from CNET:
>
> Over the past several months, the two companies have been embroiled in
> litigation in which Apple **alleges** that Samsung illegally copied
> technology and design aspects of the iPad to create the Galaxy Tab.
>
>
>
If I replace *alleges* with *claims*, does it change the meaning at all? | 2011/09/13 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/41787",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/12969/"
] | To *allege* is always to accuse a party (human or corporate) of wrongdoing. You may, however, *claim* something without the accusation of wrongdoing.
For example:
* You can *claim* that a new product is far superior to its competitors
* You can *claim* that a storm damaged your conservatory by blowing your neighbour's tree down so that it fell on the conservatory
* You can *claim* that the dog ate your homework
In none of these situations are you accusing anyone of anything (except, possibly, the dog. But he isn't a legally responsible entity and you aren't asking your teacher to take action against him).
You can *claim* that someone is guilty of wrongdoing against you but this can be less aggressive that *accusing* them of it. For example:
* You can *claim* that a rival's product breaches a patent you hold in some significant detail.
* You can *claim* that a neighbour's tree is damaging your conservatory because the branches are scratching the glass and wearing away the frame
* You can *claim* that your sister spilt coffee over your homework
If you *claim* negligence or deliberate wrongdoing on the part of another this is the same as *alleging* it:
* You can *claim* or *allege* that a rival has copied your patented product deliberately.
* You can *claim* or *allege* that your neighbour has cut down his tree so carelessly or incompetently that it has fallen on your conservatory
* You can *claim* or *allege* that the class bully has thrown your homework into the river.
There is an overlap in the meaning but *allege* is stronger, more associated with criminality and tends to imply a higher standard of proof. *Claim* is wider in application, slightly gentler and somewhat less formal in its implications. | Allege is used when no evidence is available so it is not sure or accurate yet. It is a statement that is made without giving proof, accusing somebody of doing something that is wrong or illegal.
Claim is used when evidence is available and it is sure and true.
the two words are not the same and cannot be used interchangeably. |
41,787 | What is the difference between *to allege* and *to claim*? Can I use them interchangeably? Or perhaps I can only *allege* something illegal?
For example, from CNET:
>
> Over the past several months, the two companies have been embroiled in
> litigation in which Apple **alleges** that Samsung illegally copied
> technology and design aspects of the iPad to create the Galaxy Tab.
>
>
>
If I replace *alleges* with *claims*, does it change the meaning at all? | 2011/09/13 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/41787",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/12969/"
] | *Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of Synonyms* 1984) puts *allege* in a group of verbs with *adduce*, *advance*, and *cite*; and it puts *claim* in a group of verbs with *demand*, *require*, and *exact*. Here are its treatments of the two verbs:
>
> **adduce, advance, allege, cite** may be used interchangeably in the meaning to bring forward by way of explanation, proof, illustration, or demonstration; however, they usually are clearly distinguishable in their implications and in their idiomatic associations. ... **Allege** may indicate a bringing forward or stating as if needing no proof {younger scholars nevertheless can *allege* a very strong point on their side—*H. M. Jones*} It may on the other hand stress doubt about or a disclaimer of responsibility for the truth of matter under discussion {those whose senses are *alleged* to be subject to supernatural impressions—*Le Fanu*} Its participial adjective alleged, especially, often serves as disclaimer of responsibility for the assertion {an *alleged* miracle} {the *alleged* thief} {the presence, real or *alleged*, of some hostile group—*Dewey*} ...
>
>
> ...
>
>
> **Demand, claim, require, exact** are comparable not as close synonyms but as sharing the basic meaning to ask or call for something as due or as necessary or as strongly desired. ... **Claim** implies a demanding either of the delivery or concession of something due one as one's own, one's right, or one's prerogative or of the admission or recognition of something which one asserts or affirms; thus, one who *claims* a piece of property *demands* its delivery to him as his own; one who *claims* that he has solved a problem *demands* recognition of the truth of his assertion {there is no right to freedom or life. But each man does *claim* such freedom—Alexander} {a genius, say his detractors, can be perverse, and they *claim* the right to tell this genius when and where and why he is perverse—Read}
>
>
>
Harry Shaw, *Dictionary of Problem Words and Expressions* 1975) likewise puts *alleged* and *claim* in different word groups: *alleged* with *accused* and *suspected*, and *claim* with *demand*. Here are the discussions of the relevant words in this dictionary:
>
> **alleged, accused, suspected.** Each of these words is used to refer to persons involved in legal problems. To *allege* means "to state positively," "to assert without proof," or "to urge as an excuse or reason." ... One cannot *allege* a swindler, but rather a condition or a crime. ...
>
>
> ...
>
>
> **demand, claim.** ... *Claim* means "to assert a right": "The driver *claimed* that he was entitled to a hearing." *Claim* should not be used when you mean *say*, *assert*, *state*, or *declare* unless a right is involved: "The student *claimed* his right to an examination." "The student *asserted* (or said or stated or declared) that he was going to college."
>
>
>
And finally S.I. Hayakawa, *Choose the Right Word: A Modern Guide to Synonyms* (1968) places allege with *affirm*, *assert*, *asseverate*, *aver*, *avouch*, *avow*, *maintain*, and *testify* and places *claim* with *demand*, *ask*, *exact*, *order*, *request*, and *require*. Here are Hayakawa's entries for the words:
>
> **assert, affirm, allege, asseverate, aver, avouch, avow, maintain, testify** These verbs all mean to state positively, as though anticipating or countering argument or skepticism. Whereas **assert** means to state with some force or conviction, **allege** means to state without offering proof: It was *alleged* that he was present at the scene of the crime, but he *asserted* that he was in Europe at the time. Whatever one *asserts* he would defend in argument, but whether anyone believes something *alleged* is beside the point; the aim of *alleging* is to learn the truth by proving or disproving the claim made. ...
>
>
> ...
>
>
> **demand, ask, claim, exact, order, request, require** These verbs all refer to rather forceful communications between a speaker and another person. ... **Claim** and **exact** involve a slightly different situation than these other words. *Claim* suggests that a right has been asserted: *claiming* this land in the name of the queen; unions that *claimed* a right to share in the company's profits.
>
>
>
It thus appears that all three of these reference works treat *allege* as fundamentally involving an assertion of factuality without proof, and *claim* as fundamentally involving an assertion of a right, with or without supporting evidence.
In real-world practice, of course, most people make no such distinction between the two words. Here are their entries in *Merriam-Webster's Eleventh Collegiate Dictionary* (2003):
>
> **allege** *vt* (14c) **1** *archaic* **:** to adduce or bring forward as a source or authority **2 :** to assert without proof or before proving {the newspaper *alleges* the mayor's guilt} **3 :** to bring forward as a reason or excuse
>
>
> ...
>
>
> **claim** *vt* (14c) **1 a :** to ask for esp. as a right {*claimed* the inheritance} **b :** to call for : REQUIRE {this matter *claims* our attention} **c :** TAKE [in the sense of "to put an end to (life)" or "to remove by death"] {the accident *claimed* her life} **2 :** to take as the rightful owner {went to *claim* their bags at the station} **3 a :** to assert in the face of possible contradiction : MAINTAIN {*claimed* that he'd been cheated} **b :** to claim to have {organization ... which *claims* 11,000 ... members —*Rolling Stone*} **c :** to assert to be rightfully one's own {*claimed* responsibility for the attack}
>
>
>
Some of the two words' meanings are obviously nonoverlapping. But "to assert without proof or before proving," "to bring forward as a reason or excuse," and "to assert in the face of possible contradiction : MAINTAIN" seem to me to have so much in common that it's really difficult to tell which of these definitions go with *allege* and which with *claim*. The relative newcomer among these three definitions in the one for *claim*—"to assert in the face of possible contradiction : MAINTAIN"—which the *Seventh Collegiate* (1963) lists in identical language, but which the *Sixth Collegiate* (1949) omits, as you can see here:
>
> **claim** *v.t.* **1.** To ask for, or seek to obtain, by virtue of authority, right, or supposed right; to demand as due. **2.** To assert as a fact, right, or relation which ought to to be acknowledged; as to *claim* the championship. **3.** To call for; require; as, the subject *claims* our attention.
>
>
>
The *Sixth Collegiate*'s definition 1 of *claim* clearly corresponds to the *Seventh*'s (and *Eleventh*'s) definition 1(a); the *Sixth*'s definition 2 to the *Seventh*'s and *Eleventh*'s definition 2, and *Sixth*'s definition 3 to the *Seventh* (and *Eleventh*'s) definition 1(b). That leaves definition 3 of the *Seventh* (and *Eleventh*) with no counterpart in previous editions.
I have no doubt that English speakers and writers were using *claim* in the sense of "to assert in the face of possible contradiction" long before 1963, but they did so against the advice of usage commentators who argued that proper use of *claim* as a verb always implied some sort of demand for vindication of an underlying right or prerogative. Because English speakers and writers often chose to use *claim* in a sense extremely similar to "to assert without proof or before proving," they brought the word into close orbit with *allege*, leading to questions such as the OP's here. | The only difference is one of diction. "Alleges" is in a much higher register than "claims." "Alleges" is also preferred in legal contexts. |
41,787 | What is the difference between *to allege* and *to claim*? Can I use them interchangeably? Or perhaps I can only *allege* something illegal?
For example, from CNET:
>
> Over the past several months, the two companies have been embroiled in
> litigation in which Apple **alleges** that Samsung illegally copied
> technology and design aspects of the iPad to create the Galaxy Tab.
>
>
>
If I replace *alleges* with *claims*, does it change the meaning at all? | 2011/09/13 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/41787",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/12969/"
] | To *allege* is always to accuse a party (human or corporate) of wrongdoing. You may, however, *claim* something without the accusation of wrongdoing.
For example:
* You can *claim* that a new product is far superior to its competitors
* You can *claim* that a storm damaged your conservatory by blowing your neighbour's tree down so that it fell on the conservatory
* You can *claim* that the dog ate your homework
In none of these situations are you accusing anyone of anything (except, possibly, the dog. But he isn't a legally responsible entity and you aren't asking your teacher to take action against him).
You can *claim* that someone is guilty of wrongdoing against you but this can be less aggressive that *accusing* them of it. For example:
* You can *claim* that a rival's product breaches a patent you hold in some significant detail.
* You can *claim* that a neighbour's tree is damaging your conservatory because the branches are scratching the glass and wearing away the frame
* You can *claim* that your sister spilt coffee over your homework
If you *claim* negligence or deliberate wrongdoing on the part of another this is the same as *alleging* it:
* You can *claim* or *allege* that a rival has copied your patented product deliberately.
* You can *claim* or *allege* that your neighbour has cut down his tree so carelessly or incompetently that it has fallen on your conservatory
* You can *claim* or *allege* that the class bully has thrown your homework into the river.
There is an overlap in the meaning but *allege* is stronger, more associated with criminality and tends to imply a higher standard of proof. *Claim* is wider in application, slightly gentler and somewhat less formal in its implications. | In the legal context, "allege" usually means a statement regarding the truth or falsity of something: e.g. A and B were married on February 20, 1986.
"Claim" is usually used in the sense of "claim for relief," which means what you are asking the court to order: e.g. A asks this court to dissolve the marriage of the parties.
In these examples, if A files the petition, then B might admit or deny certain factual allegations in A's petition, but, given that no-fault divorces are the norm, B would probably not contest or counterclaim against A's claim for relief (to divorce the parties).
That said, even in informal conversations between lawyers, "claim" will sometimes be used in the sense of "allegation."
I think the other commentators might be correct as far as connotation, I just wanted to add my 2 cents. |
41,787 | What is the difference between *to allege* and *to claim*? Can I use them interchangeably? Or perhaps I can only *allege* something illegal?
For example, from CNET:
>
> Over the past several months, the two companies have been embroiled in
> litigation in which Apple **alleges** that Samsung illegally copied
> technology and design aspects of the iPad to create the Galaxy Tab.
>
>
>
If I replace *alleges* with *claims*, does it change the meaning at all? | 2011/09/13 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/41787",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/12969/"
] | *Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of Synonyms* 1984) puts *allege* in a group of verbs with *adduce*, *advance*, and *cite*; and it puts *claim* in a group of verbs with *demand*, *require*, and *exact*. Here are its treatments of the two verbs:
>
> **adduce, advance, allege, cite** may be used interchangeably in the meaning to bring forward by way of explanation, proof, illustration, or demonstration; however, they usually are clearly distinguishable in their implications and in their idiomatic associations. ... **Allege** may indicate a bringing forward or stating as if needing no proof {younger scholars nevertheless can *allege* a very strong point on their side—*H. M. Jones*} It may on the other hand stress doubt about or a disclaimer of responsibility for the truth of matter under discussion {those whose senses are *alleged* to be subject to supernatural impressions—*Le Fanu*} Its participial adjective alleged, especially, often serves as disclaimer of responsibility for the assertion {an *alleged* miracle} {the *alleged* thief} {the presence, real or *alleged*, of some hostile group—*Dewey*} ...
>
>
> ...
>
>
> **Demand, claim, require, exact** are comparable not as close synonyms but as sharing the basic meaning to ask or call for something as due or as necessary or as strongly desired. ... **Claim** implies a demanding either of the delivery or concession of something due one as one's own, one's right, or one's prerogative or of the admission or recognition of something which one asserts or affirms; thus, one who *claims* a piece of property *demands* its delivery to him as his own; one who *claims* that he has solved a problem *demands* recognition of the truth of his assertion {there is no right to freedom or life. But each man does *claim* such freedom—Alexander} {a genius, say his detractors, can be perverse, and they *claim* the right to tell this genius when and where and why he is perverse—Read}
>
>
>
Harry Shaw, *Dictionary of Problem Words and Expressions* 1975) likewise puts *alleged* and *claim* in different word groups: *alleged* with *accused* and *suspected*, and *claim* with *demand*. Here are the discussions of the relevant words in this dictionary:
>
> **alleged, accused, suspected.** Each of these words is used to refer to persons involved in legal problems. To *allege* means "to state positively," "to assert without proof," or "to urge as an excuse or reason." ... One cannot *allege* a swindler, but rather a condition or a crime. ...
>
>
> ...
>
>
> **demand, claim.** ... *Claim* means "to assert a right": "The driver *claimed* that he was entitled to a hearing." *Claim* should not be used when you mean *say*, *assert*, *state*, or *declare* unless a right is involved: "The student *claimed* his right to an examination." "The student *asserted* (or said or stated or declared) that he was going to college."
>
>
>
And finally S.I. Hayakawa, *Choose the Right Word: A Modern Guide to Synonyms* (1968) places allege with *affirm*, *assert*, *asseverate*, *aver*, *avouch*, *avow*, *maintain*, and *testify* and places *claim* with *demand*, *ask*, *exact*, *order*, *request*, and *require*. Here are Hayakawa's entries for the words:
>
> **assert, affirm, allege, asseverate, aver, avouch, avow, maintain, testify** These verbs all mean to state positively, as though anticipating or countering argument or skepticism. Whereas **assert** means to state with some force or conviction, **allege** means to state without offering proof: It was *alleged* that he was present at the scene of the crime, but he *asserted* that he was in Europe at the time. Whatever one *asserts* he would defend in argument, but whether anyone believes something *alleged* is beside the point; the aim of *alleging* is to learn the truth by proving or disproving the claim made. ...
>
>
> ...
>
>
> **demand, ask, claim, exact, order, request, require** These verbs all refer to rather forceful communications between a speaker and another person. ... **Claim** and **exact** involve a slightly different situation than these other words. *Claim* suggests that a right has been asserted: *claiming* this land in the name of the queen; unions that *claimed* a right to share in the company's profits.
>
>
>
It thus appears that all three of these reference works treat *allege* as fundamentally involving an assertion of factuality without proof, and *claim* as fundamentally involving an assertion of a right, with or without supporting evidence.
In real-world practice, of course, most people make no such distinction between the two words. Here are their entries in *Merriam-Webster's Eleventh Collegiate Dictionary* (2003):
>
> **allege** *vt* (14c) **1** *archaic* **:** to adduce or bring forward as a source or authority **2 :** to assert without proof or before proving {the newspaper *alleges* the mayor's guilt} **3 :** to bring forward as a reason or excuse
>
>
> ...
>
>
> **claim** *vt* (14c) **1 a :** to ask for esp. as a right {*claimed* the inheritance} **b :** to call for : REQUIRE {this matter *claims* our attention} **c :** TAKE [in the sense of "to put an end to (life)" or "to remove by death"] {the accident *claimed* her life} **2 :** to take as the rightful owner {went to *claim* their bags at the station} **3 a :** to assert in the face of possible contradiction : MAINTAIN {*claimed* that he'd been cheated} **b :** to claim to have {organization ... which *claims* 11,000 ... members —*Rolling Stone*} **c :** to assert to be rightfully one's own {*claimed* responsibility for the attack}
>
>
>
Some of the two words' meanings are obviously nonoverlapping. But "to assert without proof or before proving," "to bring forward as a reason or excuse," and "to assert in the face of possible contradiction : MAINTAIN" seem to me to have so much in common that it's really difficult to tell which of these definitions go with *allege* and which with *claim*. The relative newcomer among these three definitions in the one for *claim*—"to assert in the face of possible contradiction : MAINTAIN"—which the *Seventh Collegiate* (1963) lists in identical language, but which the *Sixth Collegiate* (1949) omits, as you can see here:
>
> **claim** *v.t.* **1.** To ask for, or seek to obtain, by virtue of authority, right, or supposed right; to demand as due. **2.** To assert as a fact, right, or relation which ought to to be acknowledged; as to *claim* the championship. **3.** To call for; require; as, the subject *claims* our attention.
>
>
>
The *Sixth Collegiate*'s definition 1 of *claim* clearly corresponds to the *Seventh*'s (and *Eleventh*'s) definition 1(a); the *Sixth*'s definition 2 to the *Seventh*'s and *Eleventh*'s definition 2, and *Sixth*'s definition 3 to the *Seventh* (and *Eleventh*'s) definition 1(b). That leaves definition 3 of the *Seventh* (and *Eleventh*) with no counterpart in previous editions.
I have no doubt that English speakers and writers were using *claim* in the sense of "to assert in the face of possible contradiction" long before 1963, but they did so against the advice of usage commentators who argued that proper use of *claim* as a verb always implied some sort of demand for vindication of an underlying right or prerogative. Because English speakers and writers often chose to use *claim* in a sense extremely similar to "to assert without proof or before proving," they brought the word into close orbit with *allege*, leading to questions such as the OP's here. | To *allege* is always to accuse a party (human or corporate) of wrongdoing. You may, however, *claim* something without the accusation of wrongdoing.
For example:
* You can *claim* that a new product is far superior to its competitors
* You can *claim* that a storm damaged your conservatory by blowing your neighbour's tree down so that it fell on the conservatory
* You can *claim* that the dog ate your homework
In none of these situations are you accusing anyone of anything (except, possibly, the dog. But he isn't a legally responsible entity and you aren't asking your teacher to take action against him).
You can *claim* that someone is guilty of wrongdoing against you but this can be less aggressive that *accusing* them of it. For example:
* You can *claim* that a rival's product breaches a patent you hold in some significant detail.
* You can *claim* that a neighbour's tree is damaging your conservatory because the branches are scratching the glass and wearing away the frame
* You can *claim* that your sister spilt coffee over your homework
If you *claim* negligence or deliberate wrongdoing on the part of another this is the same as *alleging* it:
* You can *claim* or *allege* that a rival has copied your patented product deliberately.
* You can *claim* or *allege* that your neighbour has cut down his tree so carelessly or incompetently that it has fallen on your conservatory
* You can *claim* or *allege* that the class bully has thrown your homework into the river.
There is an overlap in the meaning but *allege* is stronger, more associated with criminality and tends to imply a higher standard of proof. *Claim* is wider in application, slightly gentler and somewhat less formal in its implications. |
41,787 | What is the difference between *to allege* and *to claim*? Can I use them interchangeably? Or perhaps I can only *allege* something illegal?
For example, from CNET:
>
> Over the past several months, the two companies have been embroiled in
> litigation in which Apple **alleges** that Samsung illegally copied
> technology and design aspects of the iPad to create the Galaxy Tab.
>
>
>
If I replace *alleges* with *claims*, does it change the meaning at all? | 2011/09/13 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/41787",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/12969/"
] | [*Alleges*](http://www.oxfordadvancedlearnersdictionary.com/dictionary/allege) means:
>
> to state something as a fact but without giving proof
>
>
>
It is very similar to *claims*, but it is used in situations where there is a legal accusation which has not yet been resolved. For example, Apple here *alleges* Samsung copied technology. This may or may not be true, but in any case it is a legal claim.
You could use *claims*, but it wouldn't have the same connotations. | The only difference is one of diction. "Alleges" is in a much higher register than "claims." "Alleges" is also preferred in legal contexts. |
25,862,917 | I installed the Xcode 6 GM seed, and I'm trying to create an IPA file for the first time. After archive success, when I click on the Export button, a window appears saying:
>
> **Failed to locate or generate matching signing assets**
>
>
> Xcode attempted to locate or generate matching signing assets and failed to do so because of the following issues.
>
>
> * **Your account already has a valid iOS Distribution certificate.**
>
>
> If you have your signing identity on another Mac, you can import a developer profile. You can also revoke the current certificate and request one again.
>
>
>
Here's a screenshot of the error:
Can anybody tell me how to solve this? | 2014/09/16 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/25862917",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1817337/"
] | I got the same thing the first time, and then I realized that in the dev site there was a new provisioning profile that started with XC:
I restarted xcode and xcode automatically found the XC: profile it created earlier and allowed me to sign the app.
It looked as if the restart of xcode and refresh of signatures (after signing in while uploading/verifying the app on xcode) did the trick | This can happen when attempting the first release with a new Xcode version *on the same Mac*.
In my case I had both Xcode 6 and Xcode 5 installed.
I solved the issue by exporting my .developerprofile in Xcode 5 and then importing it in Xcode 6 as follows:
In old Xcode (mine was 5.1.1)
-----------------------------
1. Go to Xcode > Preferences > Accounts
2. Select Gear icon in bottom left
3. Select Export Accounts
4. Set the file to save in a place you'll find easily
5. Enter password that you'll use when importing
6. Select Save
In new Xcode (mine was 6.0.1)
-----------------------------
1. Go to Xcode > Preferences > Accounts
2. Select Gear icon in bottom left
3. Select Import Accounts
4. Select the .developerprofile file
5. Enter the password and you will now be able to continue.
---
This works from old Mac to new Mac as well. |
25,862,917 | I installed the Xcode 6 GM seed, and I'm trying to create an IPA file for the first time. After archive success, when I click on the Export button, a window appears saying:
>
> **Failed to locate or generate matching signing assets**
>
>
> Xcode attempted to locate or generate matching signing assets and failed to do so because of the following issues.
>
>
> * **Your account already has a valid iOS Distribution certificate.**
>
>
> If you have your signing identity on another Mac, you can import a developer profile. You can also revoke the current certificate and request one again.
>
>
>
Here's a screenshot of the error:
Can anybody tell me how to solve this? | 2014/09/16 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/25862917",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1817337/"
] | In keychain access, -> Show Expired Certificates, then in your login keychain click on expired certificate and delete it. I also had the same expired certificate in my System keychain, so I deleted it from there too.
-> After deleting the expired cert from the login and System keychains,download certificate from below link and open with keychain.
Download <https://developer.apple.com/certificationauthority/AppleWWDRCA.cer> and add it to Keychain access > certificates (which expires on 2023)
this solved my problem | I was able to resolve this issue by renaming the provisioning profile name in member center and refreshing in XCode 6. |
25,862,917 | I installed the Xcode 6 GM seed, and I'm trying to create an IPA file for the first time. After archive success, when I click on the Export button, a window appears saying:
>
> **Failed to locate or generate matching signing assets**
>
>
> Xcode attempted to locate or generate matching signing assets and failed to do so because of the following issues.
>
>
> * **Your account already has a valid iOS Distribution certificate.**
>
>
> If you have your signing identity on another Mac, you can import a developer profile. You can also revoke the current certificate and request one again.
>
>
>
Here's a screenshot of the error:
Can anybody tell me how to solve this? | 2014/09/16 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/25862917",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1817337/"
] | I got same issue. I was pretty sure about my provisioning and certificate etc are properly set. I created all these at apple dev portal while my **Xcode 6.2** was opened. After downloading certificate and provisioning, I double clicked both and then was able to choose for signing from Xcode. That is **NO Xcode restart needed up-to this point** as new provisioning file is available to be chosen from Xcode. Then I archived the binary and it opened in Organizer for submission.
But here comes the actual issue that **Organiser** is not aware about my true assets. So, here we need to **restart** the Organiser (Xcode). I must say a bug at Apple's end to not make Organiser aware about the updated assets. As after restarting the Organiser, I submitted the app and it **prompted to allow to sign certificate from Keychain**. | Don't listen to anyone.
DO NEXT:
1. Open XCODE
2. Go to Xcode > Preferences > View Details
3. You will see Signing Identifies at the top of new opened window. There will be "iOS Development" or "iOS Distribution". (in my case there was only 1 - iOS Development)
4. Revoke all Signing Identifies you have there
5. Click "+" button and click "iOS Development" then "iOS Distribution". Now you are requesting new identifies!
FINISH! ONLY 5 STEPS |
25,862,917 | I installed the Xcode 6 GM seed, and I'm trying to create an IPA file for the first time. After archive success, when I click on the Export button, a window appears saying:
>
> **Failed to locate or generate matching signing assets**
>
>
> Xcode attempted to locate or generate matching signing assets and failed to do so because of the following issues.
>
>
> * **Your account already has a valid iOS Distribution certificate.**
>
>
> If you have your signing identity on another Mac, you can import a developer profile. You can also revoke the current certificate and request one again.
>
>
>
Here's a screenshot of the error:
Can anybody tell me how to solve this? | 2014/09/16 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/25862917",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1817337/"
] | Only this way solved the issue for me:
Open the "Keychain Access" app and select "View" -> "Show Expired Certificates". Remove ALL expired Apple certificates!
Restart Xcode.
See: Xcode unable to create distribution builds for App Store submissions or Enterprise apps -> <https://developer.apple.com/support/certificates/expiration/> | Had same problem and now i can EXPORT my App again.
1) this reply was very funny but good NOT TO HEAR ANYONE combining with
2) answered Sep 19 '14 at 23:21
hepled me to get work on my iPhone.
Go to development.apple.com -> Certificates -> All / Production and just delete you **iOS Distribution** thing. It could be so that you deleted all certificates local and it does not match the original anymore thats why you have this message with this image =) As i said i had the same problem. After deleting just Archive and Export new and it will do this for you automaticly.
**Version 6.1.1 (6A2008a)** |
25,862,917 | I installed the Xcode 6 GM seed, and I'm trying to create an IPA file for the first time. After archive success, when I click on the Export button, a window appears saying:
>
> **Failed to locate or generate matching signing assets**
>
>
> Xcode attempted to locate or generate matching signing assets and failed to do so because of the following issues.
>
>
> * **Your account already has a valid iOS Distribution certificate.**
>
>
> If you have your signing identity on another Mac, you can import a developer profile. You can also revoke the current certificate and request one again.
>
>
>
Here's a screenshot of the error:
Can anybody tell me how to solve this? | 2014/09/16 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/25862917",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1817337/"
] | Not sure why 'Use local signing assets' worked for me | I got same issue. I was pretty sure about my provisioning and certificate etc are properly set. I created all these at apple dev portal while my **Xcode 6.2** was opened. After downloading certificate and provisioning, I double clicked both and then was able to choose for signing from Xcode. That is **NO Xcode restart needed up-to this point** as new provisioning file is available to be chosen from Xcode. Then I archived the binary and it opened in Organizer for submission.
But here comes the actual issue that **Organiser** is not aware about my true assets. So, here we need to **restart** the Organiser (Xcode). I must say a bug at Apple's end to not make Organiser aware about the updated assets. As after restarting the Organiser, I submitted the app and it **prompted to allow to sign certificate from Keychain**. |
25,862,917 | I installed the Xcode 6 GM seed, and I'm trying to create an IPA file for the first time. After archive success, when I click on the Export button, a window appears saying:
>
> **Failed to locate or generate matching signing assets**
>
>
> Xcode attempted to locate or generate matching signing assets and failed to do so because of the following issues.
>
>
> * **Your account already has a valid iOS Distribution certificate.**
>
>
> If you have your signing identity on another Mac, you can import a developer profile. You can also revoke the current certificate and request one again.
>
>
>
Here's a screenshot of the error:
Can anybody tell me how to solve this? | 2014/09/16 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/25862917",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1817337/"
] | I got the same thing the first time, and then I realized that in the dev site there was a new provisioning profile that started with XC:
I restarted xcode and xcode automatically found the XC: profile it created earlier and allowed me to sign the app.
It looked as if the restart of xcode and refresh of signatures (after signing in while uploading/verifying the app on xcode) did the trick | Problem at my end was, in itunesconnect my account was certified as "iOS developer" but not as "iOS app distributor". Had to recreate certificate, download it, open with keychain , and then revalidate the archive. It finally worked. Thanks all |
25,862,917 | I installed the Xcode 6 GM seed, and I'm trying to create an IPA file for the first time. After archive success, when I click on the Export button, a window appears saying:
>
> **Failed to locate or generate matching signing assets**
>
>
> Xcode attempted to locate or generate matching signing assets and failed to do so because of the following issues.
>
>
> * **Your account already has a valid iOS Distribution certificate.**
>
>
> If you have your signing identity on another Mac, you can import a developer profile. You can also revoke the current certificate and request one again.
>
>
>
Here's a screenshot of the error:
Can anybody tell me how to solve this? | 2014/09/16 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/25862917",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1817337/"
] | I edited distribution profile and downloaded it again, restarted xcode and it worked. | For me, all I had to do was restart XCode and it worked. |
25,862,917 | I installed the Xcode 6 GM seed, and I'm trying to create an IPA file for the first time. After archive success, when I click on the Export button, a window appears saying:
>
> **Failed to locate or generate matching signing assets**
>
>
> Xcode attempted to locate or generate matching signing assets and failed to do so because of the following issues.
>
>
> * **Your account already has a valid iOS Distribution certificate.**
>
>
> If you have your signing identity on another Mac, you can import a developer profile. You can also revoke the current certificate and request one again.
>
>
>
Here's a screenshot of the error:
Can anybody tell me how to solve this? | 2014/09/16 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/25862917",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1817337/"
] | Only this way solved the issue for me:
Open the "Keychain Access" app and select "View" -> "Show Expired Certificates". Remove ALL expired Apple certificates!
Restart Xcode.
See: Xcode unable to create distribution builds for App Store submissions or Enterprise apps -> <https://developer.apple.com/support/certificates/expiration/> | To fix this, I had to disable Automatic signing management in Target > General and import both dev and pro profiles after downloading them from my Apple dev account.
Rebuilt app and it worked, nothing else did. I guess this issue can come from many different sources. |
25,862,917 | I installed the Xcode 6 GM seed, and I'm trying to create an IPA file for the first time. After archive success, when I click on the Export button, a window appears saying:
>
> **Failed to locate or generate matching signing assets**
>
>
> Xcode attempted to locate or generate matching signing assets and failed to do so because of the following issues.
>
>
> * **Your account already has a valid iOS Distribution certificate.**
>
>
> If you have your signing identity on another Mac, you can import a developer profile. You can also revoke the current certificate and request one again.
>
>
>
Here's a screenshot of the error:
Can anybody tell me how to solve this? | 2014/09/16 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/25862917",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1817337/"
] | I was able to resolve this issue by renaming the provisioning profile name in member center and refreshing in XCode 6. | For me, all I had to do was restart XCode and it worked. |
77,677 | I made a game with Unity but the size of .apk file got so large, it is about 70mb...
Is there some way that I can compress my apk file? | 2014/06/14 | [
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com/questions/77677",
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com",
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com/users/42139/"
] | You can compress certain assets individually.
After building the project, go into the log file and there will be a summary of what assets were packaged with the apk, and their sizes.
(On windows, located in C:/Users/username/AppData/Local/Unity/Editor/Editor.log)
Find large textures/music/sound, and select them in the project view to bring them in the inspector.
For each texture, there are multiple options:
Reduce the 'max size'/'max resolution' (default max resolution is 1024^2, reducing this will force unity to resize the texture upon building the project)
Change the compression (Avoid setting textures to TrueColor except where needed)
For music/sound, make sure the format is "Compressed", and then you can adjust the compression value. Compression of ~80kbps is normally good enough to cut the size down, and still mantain decent quality. You can go lower if you really want to. If the 'force to mono' checkbox is enabled, check it. It will reduce the footprint of the file by combining the sounds from the left and right channels.
Be sure to test the game with the assets compressed, and make sure things still look 'good'. You will lose quality by using lossy compression such as reducing resolution or using highly compressed texture formats. | 1. You can use [Tinypng](https://tinypng.com/) to decrease you graphics size without visible graphics quality damage, Decreasing graphics size ultimatly leads to decrease in apk size.
2. Make spritessheets either using [Texture Packer](https://www.codeandweb.com/texturepacker)
or using Unity3d own [Sprites Packer](https://docs.unity3d.com/Manual/SpritePacker.html).
3. (Optional ) if you are targeting only ARMv7 or x86 Devices then change it from player Settings it will reduce approximately 8 to 10 MB.
>
> Edit > Project Settings > Player
>
>
> In Other Settings Section You will find Device Filter
>
>
> |
77,677 | I made a game with Unity but the size of .apk file got so large, it is about 70mb...
Is there some way that I can compress my apk file? | 2014/06/14 | [
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com/questions/77677",
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com",
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com/users/42139/"
] | You can compress certain assets individually.
After building the project, go into the log file and there will be a summary of what assets were packaged with the apk, and their sizes.
(On windows, located in C:/Users/username/AppData/Local/Unity/Editor/Editor.log)
Find large textures/music/sound, and select them in the project view to bring them in the inspector.
For each texture, there are multiple options:
Reduce the 'max size'/'max resolution' (default max resolution is 1024^2, reducing this will force unity to resize the texture upon building the project)
Change the compression (Avoid setting textures to TrueColor except where needed)
For music/sound, make sure the format is "Compressed", and then you can adjust the compression value. Compression of ~80kbps is normally good enough to cut the size down, and still mantain decent quality. You can go lower if you really want to. If the 'force to mono' checkbox is enabled, check it. It will reduce the footprint of the file by combining the sounds from the left and right channels.
Be sure to test the game with the assets compressed, and make sure things still look 'good'. You will lose quality by using lossy compression such as reducing resolution or using highly compressed texture formats. | You can also choose to set the Device filter to Arm7. This will exclude certain devices, but I believe the number is quite small and it does minimize the apk size a bit. (This is located in Player Setting -> Other Settings -> Device Filter). You could try a build and see how much it would reduce it by and decide whether it was worth it.
Some Info on device filter: <http://answers.unity3d.com/questions/971648/device-filter-to-arm-7-only.html> |
77,677 | I made a game with Unity but the size of .apk file got so large, it is about 70mb...
Is there some way that I can compress my apk file? | 2014/06/14 | [
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com/questions/77677",
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com",
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com/users/42139/"
] | You can compress certain assets individually.
After building the project, go into the log file and there will be a summary of what assets were packaged with the apk, and their sizes.
(On windows, located in C:/Users/username/AppData/Local/Unity/Editor/Editor.log)
Find large textures/music/sound, and select them in the project view to bring them in the inspector.
For each texture, there are multiple options:
Reduce the 'max size'/'max resolution' (default max resolution is 1024^2, reducing this will force unity to resize the texture upon building the project)
Change the compression (Avoid setting textures to TrueColor except where needed)
For music/sound, make sure the format is "Compressed", and then you can adjust the compression value. Compression of ~80kbps is normally good enough to cut the size down, and still mantain decent quality. You can go lower if you really want to. If the 'force to mono' checkbox is enabled, check it. It will reduce the footprint of the file by combining the sounds from the left and right channels.
Be sure to test the game with the assets compressed, and make sure things still look 'good'. You will lose quality by using lossy compression such as reducing resolution or using highly compressed texture formats. | Set your image size square and
Set unity suggested pixels.(32, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024, 2048, 4096, 8192)
If your image size is 567x890 pixels then set this image in a 1024x1024 pixels background transparent blank image and save it as a png file.
Then in unity inspector set this image as a sprite and slice it by sprite editor. This process will make your image size reduce minimum 20%.
Example image and changes given below.
Before: resolution 567x890 pixel, size 1.9MB
After: resolution 1024x1024 pixel, size 1.3MB
Result: size 0.6MB reduced, almost 32%.
Image file Link: <https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B9zkzr6JdNYlaHhqcDVUSk9KNjA/view> |
77,677 | I made a game with Unity but the size of .apk file got so large, it is about 70mb...
Is there some way that I can compress my apk file? | 2014/06/14 | [
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com/questions/77677",
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com",
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com/users/42139/"
] | You can compress certain assets individually.
After building the project, go into the log file and there will be a summary of what assets were packaged with the apk, and their sizes.
(On windows, located in C:/Users/username/AppData/Local/Unity/Editor/Editor.log)
Find large textures/music/sound, and select them in the project view to bring them in the inspector.
For each texture, there are multiple options:
Reduce the 'max size'/'max resolution' (default max resolution is 1024^2, reducing this will force unity to resize the texture upon building the project)
Change the compression (Avoid setting textures to TrueColor except where needed)
For music/sound, make sure the format is "Compressed", and then you can adjust the compression value. Compression of ~80kbps is normally good enough to cut the size down, and still mantain decent quality. You can go lower if you really want to. If the 'force to mono' checkbox is enabled, check it. It will reduce the footprint of the file by combining the sounds from the left and right channels.
Be sure to test the game with the assets compressed, and make sure things still look 'good'. You will lose quality by using lossy compression such as reducing resolution or using highly compressed texture formats. | It is also good to set texture / sprite compression format.
Check this website: <https://docs.unity3d.com/Manual/class-TextureImporterOverride.html>
Most texture compression format needs image in power of 2 resolution (128, 256, 512, 1024, 2048). Resolutions 4096 and 8192 may not work on some android devices.
For example texture with no alpha in 1024x1024 resolution using RGB ETC2 compressions takes about 0,5MB in memory. Image 1280x800 with compression format RGB 16bit takes 2MB |
77,677 | I made a game with Unity but the size of .apk file got so large, it is about 70mb...
Is there some way that I can compress my apk file? | 2014/06/14 | [
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com/questions/77677",
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com",
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com/users/42139/"
] | 1. You can use [Tinypng](https://tinypng.com/) to decrease you graphics size without visible graphics quality damage, Decreasing graphics size ultimatly leads to decrease in apk size.
2. Make spritessheets either using [Texture Packer](https://www.codeandweb.com/texturepacker)
or using Unity3d own [Sprites Packer](https://docs.unity3d.com/Manual/SpritePacker.html).
3. (Optional ) if you are targeting only ARMv7 or x86 Devices then change it from player Settings it will reduce approximately 8 to 10 MB.
>
> Edit > Project Settings > Player
>
>
> In Other Settings Section You will find Device Filter
>
>
> | You can also choose to set the Device filter to Arm7. This will exclude certain devices, but I believe the number is quite small and it does minimize the apk size a bit. (This is located in Player Setting -> Other Settings -> Device Filter). You could try a build and see how much it would reduce it by and decide whether it was worth it.
Some Info on device filter: <http://answers.unity3d.com/questions/971648/device-filter-to-arm-7-only.html> |
77,677 | I made a game with Unity but the size of .apk file got so large, it is about 70mb...
Is there some way that I can compress my apk file? | 2014/06/14 | [
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com/questions/77677",
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com",
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com/users/42139/"
] | 1. You can use [Tinypng](https://tinypng.com/) to decrease you graphics size without visible graphics quality damage, Decreasing graphics size ultimatly leads to decrease in apk size.
2. Make spritessheets either using [Texture Packer](https://www.codeandweb.com/texturepacker)
or using Unity3d own [Sprites Packer](https://docs.unity3d.com/Manual/SpritePacker.html).
3. (Optional ) if you are targeting only ARMv7 or x86 Devices then change it from player Settings it will reduce approximately 8 to 10 MB.
>
> Edit > Project Settings > Player
>
>
> In Other Settings Section You will find Device Filter
>
>
> | Set your image size square and
Set unity suggested pixels.(32, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024, 2048, 4096, 8192)
If your image size is 567x890 pixels then set this image in a 1024x1024 pixels background transparent blank image and save it as a png file.
Then in unity inspector set this image as a sprite and slice it by sprite editor. This process will make your image size reduce minimum 20%.
Example image and changes given below.
Before: resolution 567x890 pixel, size 1.9MB
After: resolution 1024x1024 pixel, size 1.3MB
Result: size 0.6MB reduced, almost 32%.
Image file Link: <https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B9zkzr6JdNYlaHhqcDVUSk9KNjA/view> |
77,677 | I made a game with Unity but the size of .apk file got so large, it is about 70mb...
Is there some way that I can compress my apk file? | 2014/06/14 | [
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com/questions/77677",
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com",
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com/users/42139/"
] | 1. You can use [Tinypng](https://tinypng.com/) to decrease you graphics size without visible graphics quality damage, Decreasing graphics size ultimatly leads to decrease in apk size.
2. Make spritessheets either using [Texture Packer](https://www.codeandweb.com/texturepacker)
or using Unity3d own [Sprites Packer](https://docs.unity3d.com/Manual/SpritePacker.html).
3. (Optional ) if you are targeting only ARMv7 or x86 Devices then change it from player Settings it will reduce approximately 8 to 10 MB.
>
> Edit > Project Settings > Player
>
>
> In Other Settings Section You will find Device Filter
>
>
> | It is also good to set texture / sprite compression format.
Check this website: <https://docs.unity3d.com/Manual/class-TextureImporterOverride.html>
Most texture compression format needs image in power of 2 resolution (128, 256, 512, 1024, 2048). Resolutions 4096 and 8192 may not work on some android devices.
For example texture with no alpha in 1024x1024 resolution using RGB ETC2 compressions takes about 0,5MB in memory. Image 1280x800 with compression format RGB 16bit takes 2MB |
77,677 | I made a game with Unity but the size of .apk file got so large, it is about 70mb...
Is there some way that I can compress my apk file? | 2014/06/14 | [
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com/questions/77677",
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com",
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com/users/42139/"
] | Set your image size square and
Set unity suggested pixels.(32, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024, 2048, 4096, 8192)
If your image size is 567x890 pixels then set this image in a 1024x1024 pixels background transparent blank image and save it as a png file.
Then in unity inspector set this image as a sprite and slice it by sprite editor. This process will make your image size reduce minimum 20%.
Example image and changes given below.
Before: resolution 567x890 pixel, size 1.9MB
After: resolution 1024x1024 pixel, size 1.3MB
Result: size 0.6MB reduced, almost 32%.
Image file Link: <https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B9zkzr6JdNYlaHhqcDVUSk9KNjA/view> | You can also choose to set the Device filter to Arm7. This will exclude certain devices, but I believe the number is quite small and it does minimize the apk size a bit. (This is located in Player Setting -> Other Settings -> Device Filter). You could try a build and see how much it would reduce it by and decide whether it was worth it.
Some Info on device filter: <http://answers.unity3d.com/questions/971648/device-filter-to-arm-7-only.html> |
77,677 | I made a game with Unity but the size of .apk file got so large, it is about 70mb...
Is there some way that I can compress my apk file? | 2014/06/14 | [
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com/questions/77677",
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com",
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com/users/42139/"
] | Set your image size square and
Set unity suggested pixels.(32, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024, 2048, 4096, 8192)
If your image size is 567x890 pixels then set this image in a 1024x1024 pixels background transparent blank image and save it as a png file.
Then in unity inspector set this image as a sprite and slice it by sprite editor. This process will make your image size reduce minimum 20%.
Example image and changes given below.
Before: resolution 567x890 pixel, size 1.9MB
After: resolution 1024x1024 pixel, size 1.3MB
Result: size 0.6MB reduced, almost 32%.
Image file Link: <https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B9zkzr6JdNYlaHhqcDVUSk9KNjA/view> | It is also good to set texture / sprite compression format.
Check this website: <https://docs.unity3d.com/Manual/class-TextureImporterOverride.html>
Most texture compression format needs image in power of 2 resolution (128, 256, 512, 1024, 2048). Resolutions 4096 and 8192 may not work on some android devices.
For example texture with no alpha in 1024x1024 resolution using RGB ETC2 compressions takes about 0,5MB in memory. Image 1280x800 with compression format RGB 16bit takes 2MB |
13,230,112 | How to drag row from one table to another table in jsp? | 2012/11/05 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/13230112",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1799604/"
] | [HTML5](http://www.w3schools.com/html/html5_intro.asp) is way forward to achieve [drag-drop](http://www.w3schools.com/html/html5_draganddrop.asp) using javascript, here are some links to help you get started with it:
1. [HTML5 Drag-drop Basics](http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/dnd/basics/)
2. [HTML5 drag-drop demo](http://html5demos.com/drag)
But if you don't want to use it then [this answer](https://stackoverflow.com/a/12671737/1761033) might help you. The answer also includes a jsfiddle (working examples) link at the end, which you can play with. | You can use javascript library to implement it. See [this](http://www.isocra.com/2007/07/dragging-and-dropping-table-rows-in-javascript/) |
120,047 | I'm from South India. My home roof is built with steel panels. During the summer, the roof will get too hot. I don't know much more about how cool in natural way.
Is there a way to cool the roof naturally? | 2017/07/24 | [
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/120047",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/73442/"
] | Paint the roof white or silver to reflect as much sunlight as possible. This is a passive method once it is done.
Water removes heat better than air so if you have a source of water, or collected and stored rainwater, it could be sprayed on the roof during times of high heat.
This isn't "natural" but if you have an attic, you could install an exhaust fan with a thermostat switch that comes on when the attic gets too hot.
Good luck! | What you want to do is to prevent the heat from the hot roof from flowing into the living space. In the US traditionally this was accomplished by insulating the ceiling of the living space. The attic (aka loft) would get very hot but the insulation on the attic side of the ceiling would prevent heat flow through the ceiling. The attic was vented low and high to promote airflow to reduce the temperature of the air in the attic, but it was nevertheless hotter even than the ambient outdoor temperature.
The next step was to reduce the temperature in the attic by reducing heat flow from the roof into the attic. The main current technique to accomplish this is to place a so called radiant barrier to the underside of the roof. Another approach is to insulate the underside of the roof usually with spray foam, but also by attaching insulating batts to the underside of the roof.
In India and in parts of the US one has to be very careful that in attempting to 'improve' the utility of the structure for its human occupants one does not provide increased harborage for rats. Also one must not create spaces which trap moisture because this would cause rot. The science and art of insulation is very concerned with allowing trapped moisture to quickly escape so interior spaces do not stay moist.
Does this structure have an attic that is accessible for addition of insulation? |
204,855 | I'm reaching out to see if the community can help identify a book (or series of books) from my childhood in the 80s.
To the best of my recollection, the stories were about a family of vampires - but they may have been nonspecific "monsters."
I believe one among them was considered very handsome because he looked almost human (speculation: implying the others had varying levels of disfigurement from their vampirism/monster-ness)
Wracking my brain for further plot details, the only strand I can eke out is possibly that the family of vampires wanted to take over the world, but one among them had misgivings; that's bordering on mistaken memory, though, I'm running on empty for more plot detail.
I remember thinking for the longest time that it was one of Roald Dahl's works; the tone of the story and artwork *felt* very Dahl-esque, but his bibliography reveals the work I'm referencing is not his. The work was aimed at the 6 - 10 age group, not really up to YA. I'm also fairly sure this was a series of books, not just one. The artwork was sporadic, i.e. it wasn't a-picture-a-page type of story.
I read the book in English, which I'm almost sure was it original language of publication; very likely it was by an English author. I doubt the work was from before the 70s, and it would not have been from the 90s.
I've trawled the internet searching for various permutations and combinations of vampire/family/80s/children's book to no avail. I didn't think this work was that obscure, but it apparently is; I'm hoping someone out there might have ideas what this may be. | 2019/02/07 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/204855",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/105070/"
] | I think that this may be a book by Angela Sommer-Bodenburg. Originally published in 1986 as My Friend The Vampire, it was apparently republished In 2005 under the title The Little Vampire, possibly to tie in with the movie made based on it. That was the first of a series so you might have read a later one possibly.
Blurb from Amazon as follows: Tony, a 9-year-old horror story addict is delighted when a little vampire called Rudolph lands on his windowsill one evening, and together, the two have a series of hilarious adventures involving visits to Rudolph’s home—The Vampire Family Vault—where Tony narrowly escapes the clutches of Great-Aunt Dorothy.
From my memory, it had a very Dahl feel to the writing, and the artwork (which was sporadic) was something of a cross between Dahl and Gorey. I haven’t read it in over thirty years, but I recall the two kids becoming friends, the vampire kid bringing the human kid home, and the human kid dressing as a vampire and having to hide from the aunt, who keeps wandering around saying how she can smell a human. | I think this might be the "Gruesome and Bloodsocks" series by Jane Holiday.
The titular Gruesome was a vampire who was estranged from her family due to her vegetarianism, especially her reluctance to drink human blood. This didn't stop them showing up in her life and generally being rather antagonistic. She lived in - I think London - and had friends among the twentysomething student types there, her best friend being a boy called "Leotard" (not a misspelling of Leonard.)
So, although it didn't go as far as them wanting to take over the world, they were certainly preying on humans (she may have persuaded them to switch to farmyard animals in later books) and she DEFINITELY had misgivings about their way of life.
The cover art and the story illustrations were in very different styles. I do recall the in-book artwork being a bit Dahl-esque, maybe with tidier lines though. Not so much the cover art.
"I believe one among them was considered very handsome because he looked almost human" - I don't remember this, but I do remember one of them, Five-Fanged Francis, had a different appearance due to his additional fangs, and the vampires might have considered this handsome.
Other items that fit - it was in English, the target age group was indeed about 6-10, (I'd say more like 8-11 though), the artwork was indeed sporadic. I don't have the publication dates for all of the books, but at least two of them were published in the 80s. |
204,855 | I'm reaching out to see if the community can help identify a book (or series of books) from my childhood in the 80s.
To the best of my recollection, the stories were about a family of vampires - but they may have been nonspecific "monsters."
I believe one among them was considered very handsome because he looked almost human (speculation: implying the others had varying levels of disfigurement from their vampirism/monster-ness)
Wracking my brain for further plot details, the only strand I can eke out is possibly that the family of vampires wanted to take over the world, but one among them had misgivings; that's bordering on mistaken memory, though, I'm running on empty for more plot detail.
I remember thinking for the longest time that it was one of Roald Dahl's works; the tone of the story and artwork *felt* very Dahl-esque, but his bibliography reveals the work I'm referencing is not his. The work was aimed at the 6 - 10 age group, not really up to YA. I'm also fairly sure this was a series of books, not just one. The artwork was sporadic, i.e. it wasn't a-picture-a-page type of story.
I read the book in English, which I'm almost sure was it original language of publication; very likely it was by an English author. I doubt the work was from before the 70s, and it would not have been from the 90s.
I've trawled the internet searching for various permutations and combinations of vampire/family/80s/children's book to no avail. I didn't think this work was that obscure, but it apparently is; I'm hoping someone out there might have ideas what this may be. | 2019/02/07 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/204855",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/105070/"
] | I think that this may be a book by Angela Sommer-Bodenburg. Originally published in 1986 as My Friend The Vampire, it was apparently republished In 2005 under the title The Little Vampire, possibly to tie in with the movie made based on it. That was the first of a series so you might have read a later one possibly.
Blurb from Amazon as follows: Tony, a 9-year-old horror story addict is delighted when a little vampire called Rudolph lands on his windowsill one evening, and together, the two have a series of hilarious adventures involving visits to Rudolph’s home—The Vampire Family Vault—where Tony narrowly escapes the clutches of Great-Aunt Dorothy.
From my memory, it had a very Dahl feel to the writing, and the artwork (which was sporadic) was something of a cross between Dahl and Gorey. I haven’t read it in over thirty years, but I recall the two kids becoming friends, the vampire kid bringing the human kid home, and the human kid dressing as a vampire and having to hide from the aunt, who keeps wandering around saying how she can smell a human. | I know of a few different vampire books. One is a series called my sister the vampire. The other is called something like "a totally lame vampire" |
204,855 | I'm reaching out to see if the community can help identify a book (or series of books) from my childhood in the 80s.
To the best of my recollection, the stories were about a family of vampires - but they may have been nonspecific "monsters."
I believe one among them was considered very handsome because he looked almost human (speculation: implying the others had varying levels of disfigurement from their vampirism/monster-ness)
Wracking my brain for further plot details, the only strand I can eke out is possibly that the family of vampires wanted to take over the world, but one among them had misgivings; that's bordering on mistaken memory, though, I'm running on empty for more plot detail.
I remember thinking for the longest time that it was one of Roald Dahl's works; the tone of the story and artwork *felt* very Dahl-esque, but his bibliography reveals the work I'm referencing is not his. The work was aimed at the 6 - 10 age group, not really up to YA. I'm also fairly sure this was a series of books, not just one. The artwork was sporadic, i.e. it wasn't a-picture-a-page type of story.
I read the book in English, which I'm almost sure was it original language of publication; very likely it was by an English author. I doubt the work was from before the 70s, and it would not have been from the 90s.
I've trawled the internet searching for various permutations and combinations of vampire/family/80s/children's book to no avail. I didn't think this work was that obscure, but it apparently is; I'm hoping someone out there might have ideas what this may be. | 2019/02/07 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/204855",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/105070/"
] | Oh! I think I know what this is! I could be wrong, but there's a book called *[The Reluctant Vampire](https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/2272663.The_Reluctant_Vampire)*, by Eric Morecambe, of all people (yes, of Morecambe and Wise).
It's about a family of vampires, of the most traditional Hammer Horror kind - zey all have ze accents to match.
King Victor is worried that his younger son, Valentine, may have contracted the dreaded vampire vapours. Valentine is, as his name suggests, very handsome and does look like a human. He scandalises them one day by saying he doesn't like drinking blood. Turns out there's a reason for that. Meanwhile, his brother Vernon has a secret lab and an evil plan.
It is all rather Roald Dahl, now you put it that way - you know, would be horrifying in places, if it wasn't so ridiculous - and the edition I read is illustrated by Tony Ross, whose style isn't that unlike Quentin Blake (who usually did Dahl's illustrations). Age group is what you said it should be.
There's a worried little minion called Igon (he has a glass eye) and a verevolf called Vilf, if that rings any bells.
I never realised it was a series, but when I looked it up on Goodreads.com for this answer, I see it is. | I think that this may be a book by Angela Sommer-Bodenburg. Originally published in 1986 as My Friend The Vampire, it was apparently republished In 2005 under the title The Little Vampire, possibly to tie in with the movie made based on it. That was the first of a series so you might have read a later one possibly.
Blurb from Amazon as follows: Tony, a 9-year-old horror story addict is delighted when a little vampire called Rudolph lands on his windowsill one evening, and together, the two have a series of hilarious adventures involving visits to Rudolph’s home—The Vampire Family Vault—where Tony narrowly escapes the clutches of Great-Aunt Dorothy.
From my memory, it had a very Dahl feel to the writing, and the artwork (which was sporadic) was something of a cross between Dahl and Gorey. I haven’t read it in over thirty years, but I recall the two kids becoming friends, the vampire kid bringing the human kid home, and the human kid dressing as a vampire and having to hide from the aunt, who keeps wandering around saying how she can smell a human. |
204,855 | I'm reaching out to see if the community can help identify a book (or series of books) from my childhood in the 80s.
To the best of my recollection, the stories were about a family of vampires - but they may have been nonspecific "monsters."
I believe one among them was considered very handsome because he looked almost human (speculation: implying the others had varying levels of disfigurement from their vampirism/monster-ness)
Wracking my brain for further plot details, the only strand I can eke out is possibly that the family of vampires wanted to take over the world, but one among them had misgivings; that's bordering on mistaken memory, though, I'm running on empty for more plot detail.
I remember thinking for the longest time that it was one of Roald Dahl's works; the tone of the story and artwork *felt* very Dahl-esque, but his bibliography reveals the work I'm referencing is not his. The work was aimed at the 6 - 10 age group, not really up to YA. I'm also fairly sure this was a series of books, not just one. The artwork was sporadic, i.e. it wasn't a-picture-a-page type of story.
I read the book in English, which I'm almost sure was it original language of publication; very likely it was by an English author. I doubt the work was from before the 70s, and it would not have been from the 90s.
I've trawled the internet searching for various permutations and combinations of vampire/family/80s/children's book to no avail. I didn't think this work was that obscure, but it apparently is; I'm hoping someone out there might have ideas what this may be. | 2019/02/07 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/204855",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/105070/"
] | I think this might be the "Gruesome and Bloodsocks" series by Jane Holiday.
The titular Gruesome was a vampire who was estranged from her family due to her vegetarianism, especially her reluctance to drink human blood. This didn't stop them showing up in her life and generally being rather antagonistic. She lived in - I think London - and had friends among the twentysomething student types there, her best friend being a boy called "Leotard" (not a misspelling of Leonard.)
So, although it didn't go as far as them wanting to take over the world, they were certainly preying on humans (she may have persuaded them to switch to farmyard animals in later books) and she DEFINITELY had misgivings about their way of life.
The cover art and the story illustrations were in very different styles. I do recall the in-book artwork being a bit Dahl-esque, maybe with tidier lines though. Not so much the cover art.
"I believe one among them was considered very handsome because he looked almost human" - I don't remember this, but I do remember one of them, Five-Fanged Francis, had a different appearance due to his additional fangs, and the vampires might have considered this handsome.
Other items that fit - it was in English, the target age group was indeed about 6-10, (I'd say more like 8-11 though), the artwork was indeed sporadic. I don't have the publication dates for all of the books, but at least two of them were published in the 80s. | I know of a few different vampire books. One is a series called my sister the vampire. The other is called something like "a totally lame vampire" |
204,855 | I'm reaching out to see if the community can help identify a book (or series of books) from my childhood in the 80s.
To the best of my recollection, the stories were about a family of vampires - but they may have been nonspecific "monsters."
I believe one among them was considered very handsome because he looked almost human (speculation: implying the others had varying levels of disfigurement from their vampirism/monster-ness)
Wracking my brain for further plot details, the only strand I can eke out is possibly that the family of vampires wanted to take over the world, but one among them had misgivings; that's bordering on mistaken memory, though, I'm running on empty for more plot detail.
I remember thinking for the longest time that it was one of Roald Dahl's works; the tone of the story and artwork *felt* very Dahl-esque, but his bibliography reveals the work I'm referencing is not his. The work was aimed at the 6 - 10 age group, not really up to YA. I'm also fairly sure this was a series of books, not just one. The artwork was sporadic, i.e. it wasn't a-picture-a-page type of story.
I read the book in English, which I'm almost sure was it original language of publication; very likely it was by an English author. I doubt the work was from before the 70s, and it would not have been from the 90s.
I've trawled the internet searching for various permutations and combinations of vampire/family/80s/children's book to no avail. I didn't think this work was that obscure, but it apparently is; I'm hoping someone out there might have ideas what this may be. | 2019/02/07 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/204855",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/105070/"
] | Oh! I think I know what this is! I could be wrong, but there's a book called *[The Reluctant Vampire](https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/2272663.The_Reluctant_Vampire)*, by Eric Morecambe, of all people (yes, of Morecambe and Wise).
It's about a family of vampires, of the most traditional Hammer Horror kind - zey all have ze accents to match.
King Victor is worried that his younger son, Valentine, may have contracted the dreaded vampire vapours. Valentine is, as his name suggests, very handsome and does look like a human. He scandalises them one day by saying he doesn't like drinking blood. Turns out there's a reason for that. Meanwhile, his brother Vernon has a secret lab and an evil plan.
It is all rather Roald Dahl, now you put it that way - you know, would be horrifying in places, if it wasn't so ridiculous - and the edition I read is illustrated by Tony Ross, whose style isn't that unlike Quentin Blake (who usually did Dahl's illustrations). Age group is what you said it should be.
There's a worried little minion called Igon (he has a glass eye) and a verevolf called Vilf, if that rings any bells.
I never realised it was a series, but when I looked it up on Goodreads.com for this answer, I see it is. | I think this might be the "Gruesome and Bloodsocks" series by Jane Holiday.
The titular Gruesome was a vampire who was estranged from her family due to her vegetarianism, especially her reluctance to drink human blood. This didn't stop them showing up in her life and generally being rather antagonistic. She lived in - I think London - and had friends among the twentysomething student types there, her best friend being a boy called "Leotard" (not a misspelling of Leonard.)
So, although it didn't go as far as them wanting to take over the world, they were certainly preying on humans (she may have persuaded them to switch to farmyard animals in later books) and she DEFINITELY had misgivings about their way of life.
The cover art and the story illustrations were in very different styles. I do recall the in-book artwork being a bit Dahl-esque, maybe with tidier lines though. Not so much the cover art.
"I believe one among them was considered very handsome because he looked almost human" - I don't remember this, but I do remember one of them, Five-Fanged Francis, had a different appearance due to his additional fangs, and the vampires might have considered this handsome.
Other items that fit - it was in English, the target age group was indeed about 6-10, (I'd say more like 8-11 though), the artwork was indeed sporadic. I don't have the publication dates for all of the books, but at least two of them were published in the 80s. |
204,855 | I'm reaching out to see if the community can help identify a book (or series of books) from my childhood in the 80s.
To the best of my recollection, the stories were about a family of vampires - but they may have been nonspecific "monsters."
I believe one among them was considered very handsome because he looked almost human (speculation: implying the others had varying levels of disfigurement from their vampirism/monster-ness)
Wracking my brain for further plot details, the only strand I can eke out is possibly that the family of vampires wanted to take over the world, but one among them had misgivings; that's bordering on mistaken memory, though, I'm running on empty for more plot detail.
I remember thinking for the longest time that it was one of Roald Dahl's works; the tone of the story and artwork *felt* very Dahl-esque, but his bibliography reveals the work I'm referencing is not his. The work was aimed at the 6 - 10 age group, not really up to YA. I'm also fairly sure this was a series of books, not just one. The artwork was sporadic, i.e. it wasn't a-picture-a-page type of story.
I read the book in English, which I'm almost sure was it original language of publication; very likely it was by an English author. I doubt the work was from before the 70s, and it would not have been from the 90s.
I've trawled the internet searching for various permutations and combinations of vampire/family/80s/children's book to no avail. I didn't think this work was that obscure, but it apparently is; I'm hoping someone out there might have ideas what this may be. | 2019/02/07 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/204855",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/105070/"
] | Oh! I think I know what this is! I could be wrong, but there's a book called *[The Reluctant Vampire](https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/2272663.The_Reluctant_Vampire)*, by Eric Morecambe, of all people (yes, of Morecambe and Wise).
It's about a family of vampires, of the most traditional Hammer Horror kind - zey all have ze accents to match.
King Victor is worried that his younger son, Valentine, may have contracted the dreaded vampire vapours. Valentine is, as his name suggests, very handsome and does look like a human. He scandalises them one day by saying he doesn't like drinking blood. Turns out there's a reason for that. Meanwhile, his brother Vernon has a secret lab and an evil plan.
It is all rather Roald Dahl, now you put it that way - you know, would be horrifying in places, if it wasn't so ridiculous - and the edition I read is illustrated by Tony Ross, whose style isn't that unlike Quentin Blake (who usually did Dahl's illustrations). Age group is what you said it should be.
There's a worried little minion called Igon (he has a glass eye) and a verevolf called Vilf, if that rings any bells.
I never realised it was a series, but when I looked it up on Goodreads.com for this answer, I see it is. | I know of a few different vampire books. One is a series called my sister the vampire. The other is called something like "a totally lame vampire" |
25,650 | 
I understand that the [Mollweide](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mollweide_projection) projection is used to show the map of the universe. Although I understand how this projection can be interesting for Earth where most populated (and of interest) areas are not at polar latitudes, I imagine that in the sky the distribution of interesting places does not follow the same pattern of [accentuating](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tissot_indicatrix_world_map_Mollweide_proj.svg) the equatorial plane.
Do you think this the best projection to represent the Universe?
Possible tags: map cosmos universe projection | 2011/06/22 | [
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/25650",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | The equatorial plane of the Mollweide projection applied to the whole sky is usually the plane of the Milky Way. We're blatant galactic chauvinists that way.
More importantly, this projection preserves area, which is more important than angular relations for this sort of thing. For instance, when studying the CMB, in increasing level of detail, the most important questions are:
1. What is the overall average temperature of the CMB? (Average over area)
2. What direction is the overall dipole moment? (Technical way of asking which direction the Earth is moving relative to the average Universe. Easy to grasp in Mollweide. See <http://aether.lbl.gov/www/projects/u2/> )
3. What is the size distribution of its irregularities? (In other words, how grainy is it? Area, area, area) | I think that the universe is oval since as Ernst Mach argued, the universe is ultimately sensation, specifically our visual field which in my case appears to be oval. This also explains why this insignificant life form should have a sense that can sense at the speed limit of the universe - how likely is that?! And it also explains why the universe seems to be turning out to be flat, a hologram. |
559,966 | **OBJECTIVE:** A device that floats on the water's surface and measures the depth. If any changes occur in the depth, it sends a report to a remote receiver.
**MY RESEARCH:** I have considered the following sensors but they don't seem to be effective:
1. IR won't work because water absorbs red light.
2. Ultrasonic: I can't find one that works underwater.
3. I also read a thread: [Underwater distance measurement/Sensing](https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/55804/underwater-distance-measurement-sensing) however, I don't know if I can implement that.
**QUESTION:**
What sensor can I use for this purpose? | 2021/04/13 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/559966",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/282758/"
] | A pretty standard fluid level sensor (optical, capacitive, ultrasonic, IR) will mount to a fixed point and look down at the fluid.
If you must have the sensor float, consider measuring distance to some fixed point above the water (since your floating platform will be on the water, it is at water level).
Laser rangefinders should work, although depending on the range and precision you need the result may end up large. You can also make up for it by slower sampling and a proper filter.
The real simple solution however would be to drop an anchor. If the tension slacks or angle of the anchor line goes beyond some point, your level has dropped. If you used a torsion spring to maintain tension you could even count it as how much this spring has turned. | Does it have to float? A pressure sensor on the bottom would do the job and be simpler and more reliable, even if you need to run a tether to a surface antenna, whether that antenna is fixed or floats on a buoy. |
33,794,405 | I am developing an extension using typescript,and I don't know how to use typescript to call web API, anyone know or can provide an sample to me? | 2015/11/19 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/33794405",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/5579280/"
] | Typescript is compiled into javascript, in Javascript specifically node environemnt, there are many ways to make an HTTP call to the web API.
You can use these libraries:
1. axios
2. got
3. node-fetch
These libraries have type definitions. | >
> I am developing an extension using typescript,and I don't know how to use typescript to call web API, anyone know or can provide an sample to me
>
>
>
You need to write code generation code *specific* to your APP + front end framework.
For starters checkout <http://type.litesolutions.net/>
---
Just another reason to consider [NodeJS](https://medium.com/@basarat/issues-with-polyglot-programming-8f9ba0bfcb47). |
11,470,987 | So let's say I have a website which doesn't require login but I want to be able to track the user's activity based on what they click on my website, and display data accordingly. For example, if they keep looking at children's books to buy, I would recommend similar children's books. Is this possible in javascript?
The only solution I can come up with is cookies, is there a more efficient way?
Thank you.
I hope this is an acceptable question to post on here, as it is not code related | 2012/07/13 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/11470987",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1231689/"
] | You could use HTML [local or session storage](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Web_Storage_API). These are both easier to use than cookies.
You can also use [Modernizr](http://theburningmonk.com/2010/12/having-fun-with-html5-local-storage-and-session-storage/) for browsers that do not support HTML5. | [html5 websockets](http://net.tutsplus.com/tutorials/javascript-ajax/start-using-html5-websockets-today/) might be of help. |
269,081 | I have a client whose ISP recently switched their circuit and static IP to an IP that was already blacklisted for SPAM (nice).
The client is running Windows SBS 2003 with Exchange 2003 and DNS for the mail system is managed by GoDaddy.com.
When I ran the smtp test at <http://mxtoolbox.com> (MXTB) I was receiving a warning 'Reverse DNS does not match SMTP Banner' after the IP switch and updating the hosted DNS records (A, MX, etc...) at GoDaddy. I was able to squash that warning by setting the FQDN and Masquerade domain on advanced delivery options for the SMTP service in Exchange to the value returned on reverse DNS at MXTB (i.e., pool-##-###-###-##.fairpoint.east.myfairpoint.net - guess who gave us a dirty IP). I also added an SPF record for all A records on the GoDaddy account. It's been about 12 hours since these changes were made but my client's domain is still showing on a couple blacklists, spamrats in particular and when I use their delist form it still complains about a failed reverse DNS lookup.
Here are the lookups I get in terminal (obfuscated):
**nslookup** 66.###.###.53
Non-authoritative answer:
53.###.###.66.in.addr.arpa name = pool-66-###-###-53.man.east.myfairpoint.net
**nslookup** clientdomain.com
Non-authoritative answer:
Name: clientdomain.com
Address: 66.###.###.53
Not being an Exchange expert I could use some direction and/or a sanity check:
1 - should FQDN and masquerade in Exchange be set to the long form name noted (pool-##-###-###-##.fairpoint.east.myfairpoint.net) or just mail.clientdomain.com?
2 - is this likely a propagation problem and I just need to be more patient?
3 - shouldn't the ISP be able to resolve the reverse lookup correctly for us since they own the IP?
Right now client users are being bounced by some (not all) mail servers on send related to being listed.
Many thanks. | 2011/05/12 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/269081",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/81262/"
] | A couple of things I would recommend. In my opinion this may be the easiest way to set things up without getting in to a lot of unneccessary details. For more info than I'm providing, follow the link that SmallClanger posted in his answer.
1. You don't need to set the masquerade domain but you should set the FQDN on the SMTP virtual server in Exchange.
2. Set the FQDN in Exchange to match the name you're going to set in your MX record. This is probably going to be something akin to mail.clientdomain.com.
3. Set your SPF record to "v=spf1 mx -all".
4. Ask the ISP to create or modify the PTR record to match the FQDN that you set on Exchange.
This is a very simple answer that does not consider any additional variables or a more complex set up or requirements. | Often it just takes time for blocklists to drop IPs from their lists. Depending on their implementation it could be 24 hours, or it could be a month. Each list's own FAQ should tell you how long. They often have a removal request system you can go through if the delay is going to be too long. (Some will even charge for *express* de-listing, as if this wasn't a massive conflict of interest.)
It isn't necessary for the PTR record for your IP to match either the SMTP EHLO or the mail domain. It wouldn't hurt, but in many cases (especially if you don't have a static IP), it's impossible. I don't recommend going the other way and setting your EHLO greeting to match the PTR record, since that certainly won't match your mail domain, which is certain to result in more dropped mail than you're currently seeing.
Any recipient that blocks because the PTR doesn't match is [broken](https://serverfault.com/questions/244085/smtp-host-name-vs-domain-in-from-address-vis-a-vis-email-deliverability/244118#244118). |
269,081 | I have a client whose ISP recently switched their circuit and static IP to an IP that was already blacklisted for SPAM (nice).
The client is running Windows SBS 2003 with Exchange 2003 and DNS for the mail system is managed by GoDaddy.com.
When I ran the smtp test at <http://mxtoolbox.com> (MXTB) I was receiving a warning 'Reverse DNS does not match SMTP Banner' after the IP switch and updating the hosted DNS records (A, MX, etc...) at GoDaddy. I was able to squash that warning by setting the FQDN and Masquerade domain on advanced delivery options for the SMTP service in Exchange to the value returned on reverse DNS at MXTB (i.e., pool-##-###-###-##.fairpoint.east.myfairpoint.net - guess who gave us a dirty IP). I also added an SPF record for all A records on the GoDaddy account. It's been about 12 hours since these changes were made but my client's domain is still showing on a couple blacklists, spamrats in particular and when I use their delist form it still complains about a failed reverse DNS lookup.
Here are the lookups I get in terminal (obfuscated):
**nslookup** 66.###.###.53
Non-authoritative answer:
53.###.###.66.in.addr.arpa name = pool-66-###-###-53.man.east.myfairpoint.net
**nslookup** clientdomain.com
Non-authoritative answer:
Name: clientdomain.com
Address: 66.###.###.53
Not being an Exchange expert I could use some direction and/or a sanity check:
1 - should FQDN and masquerade in Exchange be set to the long form name noted (pool-##-###-###-##.fairpoint.east.myfairpoint.net) or just mail.clientdomain.com?
2 - is this likely a propagation problem and I just need to be more patient?
3 - shouldn't the ISP be able to resolve the reverse lookup correctly for us since they own the IP?
Right now client users are being bounced by some (not all) mail servers on send related to being listed.
Many thanks. | 2011/05/12 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/269081",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/81262/"
] | Sorry if i haven't read your post carefully enough, but you realize the reverse record is 'owned' by your ISP? You say you changed some record at GoDaddy... just wondering if you're getting your forward and reverse records confused. If so, contact your ISP and have them set *their* DNS for the IP to *your* FQDN
What i'm trying to say is that where DNS is concerned...
* *you* have the right to tell the world: "foodomain.com." points to "1.2.3.4"
but
* *your ISP* is the one who can tell the world: "1.2.3.4" points to "foodomain.com."
If both records don't match, it causes problems with certs, etc | Often it just takes time for blocklists to drop IPs from their lists. Depending on their implementation it could be 24 hours, or it could be a month. Each list's own FAQ should tell you how long. They often have a removal request system you can go through if the delay is going to be too long. (Some will even charge for *express* de-listing, as if this wasn't a massive conflict of interest.)
It isn't necessary for the PTR record for your IP to match either the SMTP EHLO or the mail domain. It wouldn't hurt, but in many cases (especially if you don't have a static IP), it's impossible. I don't recommend going the other way and setting your EHLO greeting to match the PTR record, since that certainly won't match your mail domain, which is certain to result in more dropped mail than you're currently seeing.
Any recipient that blocks because the PTR doesn't match is [broken](https://serverfault.com/questions/244085/smtp-host-name-vs-domain-in-from-address-vis-a-vis-email-deliverability/244118#244118). |
5,296,081 | Say I need to populate 4 or 5 dropdowns w/ items from a database. Each drop down will have < 15 items in it. These items almost never change.
Now I could query the DB each time the page is accessed or I could grab the values from a custom class that would check to see if they already exist in ASP.Net's cache and only if they don't query the DB to update the cache.
It's trivial for me to write but I'm unsure if the performace would be better or not. I *think* it would be (although not likely anything huge).
What do you think? | 2011/03/14 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/5296081",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/169867/"
] | When dealing with performance issues you should always:
1. Do things the **simplest** way first (avoid premature optimisation)
2. Performance test your code with **set performance goals** (e.g. 200ms response time under load of N concurent users)
3. Then, **IF** your code doesn't perform then profile your code to determine what is slow, and profile your proposed performance fixes to accurately measure what the real-world performance change will be.
Having said that then yes, what you are suggesting seems sensible (you would usually expect an in-memory cache to be quicker than a database), however it also depends on what data is being returned, what the memory load of your application is, how expensive the query is, what the query parameters are etc...
You should performance test your changes before and after to determine the **actual** effect of your changes (including things like memory load), and you should only really be doing things like this once you have identified that these dropdowns are the cause of an unacceptable performance problem. | That's what [System.Web.Helpers.WebCache](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.web.helpers.webcache.aspx) class exists for. |
5,296,081 | Say I need to populate 4 or 5 dropdowns w/ items from a database. Each drop down will have < 15 items in it. These items almost never change.
Now I could query the DB each time the page is accessed or I could grab the values from a custom class that would check to see if they already exist in ASP.Net's cache and only if they don't query the DB to update the cache.
It's trivial for me to write but I'm unsure if the performace would be better or not. I *think* it would be (although not likely anything huge).
What do you think? | 2011/03/14 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/5296081",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/169867/"
] | When dealing with performance issues you should always:
1. Do things the **simplest** way first (avoid premature optimisation)
2. Performance test your code with **set performance goals** (e.g. 200ms response time under load of N concurent users)
3. Then, **IF** your code doesn't perform then profile your code to determine what is slow, and profile your proposed performance fixes to accurately measure what the real-world performance change will be.
Having said that then yes, what you are suggesting seems sensible (you would usually expect an in-memory cache to be quicker than a database), however it also depends on what data is being returned, what the memory load of your application is, how expensive the query is, what the query parameters are etc...
You should performance test your changes before and after to determine the **actual** effect of your changes (including things like memory load), and you should only really be doing things like this once you have identified that these dropdowns are the cause of an unacceptable performance problem. | IO is usually more expensive than memory operations (by orders of magnitude). Especially if your database is in another machine, then you would even be using network resources, and it will definitely be faster to just use the cache.
But indeed, optimize in the end when you have really identified it as a performance bottleneck by measuring. |
5,296,081 | Say I need to populate 4 or 5 dropdowns w/ items from a database. Each drop down will have < 15 items in it. These items almost never change.
Now I could query the DB each time the page is accessed or I could grab the values from a custom class that would check to see if they already exist in ASP.Net's cache and only if they don't query the DB to update the cache.
It's trivial for me to write but I'm unsure if the performace would be better or not. I *think* it would be (although not likely anything huge).
What do you think? | 2011/03/14 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/5296081",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/169867/"
] | When dealing with performance issues you should always:
1. Do things the **simplest** way first (avoid premature optimisation)
2. Performance test your code with **set performance goals** (e.g. 200ms response time under load of N concurent users)
3. Then, **IF** your code doesn't perform then profile your code to determine what is slow, and profile your proposed performance fixes to accurately measure what the real-world performance change will be.
Having said that then yes, what you are suggesting seems sensible (you would usually expect an in-memory cache to be quicker than a database), however it also depends on what data is being returned, what the memory load of your application is, how expensive the query is, what the query parameters are etc...
You should performance test your changes before and after to determine the **actual** effect of your changes (including things like memory load), and you should only really be doing things like this once you have identified that these dropdowns are the cause of an unacceptable performance problem. | Quick answer to your question:
1. **Use the built in .Net cache.**
Additional points to ponder over..
1. Preferably, retrieve all master data in a single database retrieval (think stored procedure and dataset): though, I do not advocate the used of stored procs in **all** scenarios.
2. As you rightly said, ensure that your data access layer checks the cache before making a round trip to the database
3. Also, as your drop down values do not change very often; do remember to keep a long expiry duration
4. Finally, based on your page design you could also look at Fragment Caching (partial page caching: user controls) which could give you bigger benefits since now you neither access the data cache nor the database.
Performance:
Again, the performance depends more on the application's load as compared to your direct round trips for fetching the master data. Put simply, As Thomas suggested use the cache class! |
25,974 | I find it easier to use SSHFS to mount a remote file system on my local computer instead of plainly SSH'ing into the remote computer. This saves me from using all the complicated `scp` commmands for copy/paste. But on the internet, I find very few people talking about SSHFS. If SSHFS is more easier, then why isn't it more popular? Are there any disadvantages to it? | 2011/12/03 | [
"https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/25974",
"https://unix.stackexchange.com",
"https://unix.stackexchange.com/users/8942/"
] | I wondered the same. I've spent a lot of time trying and tuning different access methods to remote webspace. I've tried NFS (frequent lockups, poor performance), Samba (very good, especially with SMB 2.0), OpenAFS (despite local caching, it wasn't really quick).
Then a colleage mentioned SSHFS. I've mapped the webspace and have never looked back. My large web project is indexed by the IDE twice as fast as even the most highly tuned Samba mount I could manage.
In short, SSHFS is an underdog. | Compression overhead, poorer low latency toleration and memory hungry and if connection cuts every now and then sshfs can get cranky.Typical tradeoff when using a secure (sshfs) versus an insecure (nfs) protocol. |
20,816,698 | I'm reading up on datastructures, especially immutable ones like the [append-only B+ tree](http://guide.couchdb.org/draft/btree.html) used in CouchDB and the [Hash array mapped trie](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hash_array_mapped_trie) used in Clojure and some other functional programming languages.
The main reason datastructures that work well in memory might not work well on disk appears to be time spent on disk seeks due to fragmentation, as with a normal binary tree.
However, HAMT is also very shallow, so doesn't require any more seeks than a B tree.
Another suggested reason is that deletions from a array mapped trie are more expensive tha from a B tree. This is based on the assumption that we're talking about a dense vector, and doesn't apply when using either as a hash map.
What's more, it seems that a B tree does more rebalancing, so using it in an append-only manner produces more garbage.
So why do CouchDB and practically every other database and filesystem use B trees?
[edit] fractal trees? log-structured merge tree? mind = blown
[edit] Real-life B trees use a degree in the thousands, while a HAMT has a degree of 32. A HAMT of degree 1024 would be possible, but slower due to popcnt handling 32 or 64 bits at a time. | 2013/12/28 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/20816698",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/183662/"
] | B-trees are used because they are a well-understood algorithm that achieves "ideal" sorted-order read-cost. Because keys are sorted, moving to the next or previous key is very cheap.
HAMTs or other hash storage, stores keys in random order. Keys are retrieved by their exact value, and there is no efficient way to find to the next or previous key.
Regarding degree, it is normally selected indirectly, by selecting page size. HAMTs are most often used in memory, with pages sized for cache lines, while btrees are most often used with secondary storage, where page sizes are related to IO and VM parameters.
Log Structured Merge (LSM) is a different approach to sorted order storage which achieves more optimal write-efficiency, by trading off some read efficiency. That hit to read efficiency can be a problem for read-modify-write workloads, but the fewer uncached reads there are, the more LSM provides better overall throughput vs btree - at the coat of higher worst case read latency.
LSM also offers the promise of a wider-performance envelope. Putting new data into it's proper place is "deferred", offering the possibility to tune read-to-write efficiency by controlling the proportion of deferred cleanup work to live work. In theory, an ideal-LSM with zero-deferral is a btree and with 100%-deferral is a log.
However, LSM is more of a "family" of algorithms than a specific algorithm like a btree. Their usage is growing in popularity, but it is hindered by the lack of a de-facto optimal LSM design. LevelDB/RocksDB is one of the more practical LSM implementations, but it is far from optimal.
Another approach to achieving write-throughput efficiency is to write-optimize btrees through write-deferral, while attempting to maintain their optimal read-throughput.
Fractal-trees, shuttle-trees, stratified-trees are this type of design, and represent a hybrid gray area between btree and LSM. Rather than deferring writes to an offline process, they amortorize write-deferal in a fixed way. For example, such a design might represent a fixed 60%-write-deferral fraction. This means they can't achieve the 100% write-defferal performance of an LSM, but they also have a more predictable read-performance, making them more practical drop-in replacements for btrees. (As in the commercial Tokutek MySQL and MongoDB fractal-tree backends) | Btrees are ordered by their key while in a hash map similar keys have very different hash values so are stored far each other. Now think of a query that do a range scan "give me yesterday's sales": with a hash map you have to scan all the map to find them, with a btree on the sales\_dtm columns you'll find them nicely clustered and you exactly know where to start and stop reading. |
5,847,532 | I have been working with Android SDK for a while & just came across an requirement to use the NDK
So, I downloaded the Android NDK for Windows. Jumping on the first example, when I am trying to build the library using the process defined in the NDK example
<http://developer.android.com/sdk/ndk/overview.html>
Specifically the command /ndk-build from the command line
I am getting the error
ndk-build is not recognized as an internal or external command, operable program or batch file
I have added the path for ndk-build in the PATH variable and even tried calling the command going to the folder, still the same error
Does anybody have a clue? | 2011/05/01 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/5847532",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/669231/"
] | Guess that should have been an answer instead of a comment.
You must use Cygwin as your shell in order to run ndk-build.
See <http://www.cygwin.com/> | Once you have Cygwin installed you can have Eclipse automatically build your project for you by:
1. Right click on your project, pick properties.
2. Select "builders" from the left-hand list.
3. Click "New..." on the right side.
4. Select "Program" as the configuration type. I name mine "Native Builder"
Location - c:\cygwin\bin\bash.exe
Working Directory - c:\cygwin\bin
Arguments -
(for NDK r3):
--login -c "cd /cygdrive/c/Android\_NDK && make APP=myapp"
(for NDK r4):
--login -c "cd /cygdrive/c/ && /cygdrive/c/Android\_NDK/ndk-build"
Make sure you have the two hyphens before login and the quotes after the hyphen-c
5. Now go to the refresh tab
6. Check "Refresh resources upon completion"
7. Select "Specific resources"
8. Click on the "Specify resources" button and select your project's
lib directory.
9. Check "Recursively include sub-folders"
10. Now go to the build options tab
11. Check "Allocate Console"
12. Check "Launch in background"
13. Check "Run the builder After a Clean"
14. Check "Run the builder During manual builds"
15. Check "Run the builder During auto builds"
16. Check "Specify working set of relevant resources"
17. Click on "Specify Resources"
18. Select your project's JNI directory and all files within.
19. Now click OK on the bottom.
Now you can edit and save in your c files and it will compile and create the .so file on the fly. |
5,847,532 | I have been working with Android SDK for a while & just came across an requirement to use the NDK
So, I downloaded the Android NDK for Windows. Jumping on the first example, when I am trying to build the library using the process defined in the NDK example
<http://developer.android.com/sdk/ndk/overview.html>
Specifically the command /ndk-build from the command line
I am getting the error
ndk-build is not recognized as an internal or external command, operable program or batch file
I have added the path for ndk-build in the PATH variable and even tried calling the command going to the folder, still the same error
Does anybody have a clue? | 2011/05/01 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/5847532",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/669231/"
] | Guess that should have been an answer instead of a comment.
You must use Cygwin as your shell in order to run ndk-build.
See <http://www.cygwin.com/> | Maybe, your development IDE hides system PATH and uses it's own PATH. I had same problem with MOTODEV Eclipse for Android 3.1. Detailed solution is here: [How to solve problem with Motodev Eclipse for Android 3.1: wrong PATH](http://serpents-iz.blogspot.com/2012/02/how-to-solve-problem-with-motodev.html) It is for MOTODEV IDE, but Eclipse may have same thing. |
5,847,532 | I have been working with Android SDK for a while & just came across an requirement to use the NDK
So, I downloaded the Android NDK for Windows. Jumping on the first example, when I am trying to build the library using the process defined in the NDK example
<http://developer.android.com/sdk/ndk/overview.html>
Specifically the command /ndk-build from the command line
I am getting the error
ndk-build is not recognized as an internal or external command, operable program or batch file
I have added the path for ndk-build in the PATH variable and even tried calling the command going to the folder, still the same error
Does anybody have a clue? | 2011/05/01 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/5847532",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/669231/"
] | Once you have Cygwin installed you can have Eclipse automatically build your project for you by:
1. Right click on your project, pick properties.
2. Select "builders" from the left-hand list.
3. Click "New..." on the right side.
4. Select "Program" as the configuration type. I name mine "Native Builder"
Location - c:\cygwin\bin\bash.exe
Working Directory - c:\cygwin\bin
Arguments -
(for NDK r3):
--login -c "cd /cygdrive/c/Android\_NDK && make APP=myapp"
(for NDK r4):
--login -c "cd /cygdrive/c/ && /cygdrive/c/Android\_NDK/ndk-build"
Make sure you have the two hyphens before login and the quotes after the hyphen-c
5. Now go to the refresh tab
6. Check "Refresh resources upon completion"
7. Select "Specific resources"
8. Click on the "Specify resources" button and select your project's
lib directory.
9. Check "Recursively include sub-folders"
10. Now go to the build options tab
11. Check "Allocate Console"
12. Check "Launch in background"
13. Check "Run the builder After a Clean"
14. Check "Run the builder During manual builds"
15. Check "Run the builder During auto builds"
16. Check "Specify working set of relevant resources"
17. Click on "Specify Resources"
18. Select your project's JNI directory and all files within.
19. Now click OK on the bottom.
Now you can edit and save in your c files and it will compile and create the .so file on the fly. | Maybe, your development IDE hides system PATH and uses it's own PATH. I had same problem with MOTODEV Eclipse for Android 3.1. Detailed solution is here: [How to solve problem with Motodev Eclipse for Android 3.1: wrong PATH](http://serpents-iz.blogspot.com/2012/02/how-to-solve-problem-with-motodev.html) It is for MOTODEV IDE, but Eclipse may have same thing. |
10,603 | I often mark useful post as a favorite for future reference. Are questions and answers on the site permanent or are the old ones deleted after a certain amount of time? | 2009/07/29 | [
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/10603",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/users/132558/"
] | Questions are not automatically pruned. However, users with over 10k reputation can vote to delete closed questions, which removes them from the view of anyone under 10k reputation (those with over 10k can still see them, and all\*, deleted posts). So nothing is ever really gone from the system, even if it's marked deleted.
\* There are a handful of exceptions where posts are indeed permanently excised from the system, but this is exceedingly rare and only happens in extreme cases. | Questions and answers are permanent unless deleted deliberately. |
367,453 | >
> Is Stack overflow chat only for programming related topics or for others also?
>
>
>
There is a [chat room](https://chat.stackoverflow.com/rooms/17/javascript) named JavaScript on chat.stackoverflow.com. As the name suggests, it's related to programming, but the discussion going-on in the chat room is what I think, not related to programming.
In the room they are discussing about some cars and energies and what not. I am unable to relate all that with the JavaScript programming language.
Is it valid to discuss off-topic stuff on chat.stackoverflow.com like that?
If it's valid than I'm confused, is it a part of Stack Overflow?
If it's not valid and a part of Stack Overflow then that kind of chat must be prohibited, mustn't it?
Or does JavaScript mean something else? | 2018/05/07 | [
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com/questions/367453",
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com",
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com/users/-1/"
] | <https://chat.stackoverflow.com/faq>
>
> **What can we chat about?**
>
>
> This site is an extension of Stack Overflow, so discussion *should* more or less revolve around the same topics you'd find at Stack Overflow — but in an interactive, less strictly Q&A focused way. Do have fun, but please keep it professional and always be respectful of your fellow community members.
>
>
> [...]
>
>
> When talking in a room, it's polite to stay *roughly on topic for the room*, as defined by the room owners.
>
>
>
Emphasis mine. It's up to the room owners to decide what's on-topic.
Rooms can also have custom rules. This excerpt comes from the [JavaScript room rules](http://rlemon.github.io/so-chat-javascript-rules/):
>
> The room title is JavaScript, which only implies we all have some interest in the language. That does not strictly limit the topic of conversation to JavaScript, and often it is not about JavaScript. Please do not inturrupt and complain about this, if you have a comment about the language toss it in and if someone is interested they will stop and help.
>
>
> | It's a chat. Just compare it to the water cooler, cafeteria or any other social area in an office. Often people will chat about work related stuff (let's say JavaScript), but there will be random chit-chat, socializing, etc. as well (like what you apparently noticed when joining the room).
Also, I'm pretty sure there *is* some JavaScript in many modern cars. Hopefully not in critical areas but entertainment systems are getting more and more fancy in cars. |
264,485 | everyone.
When referring to a person, are there any firm guidelines when it comes to the use of "a" or "the" after the comma that follows their name?
To clarify:
Recently, I was writing an article about Amy Winehouse, and I referred to her like this:
"Amy Winehouse, the troubled singer-songwriter who..."
A few weeks later, however, I was writing an article about a celebrated photographer, and it felt wrong to use "the" after the comma, so I wrote:
"Sebastiao Salgado, a celebrated Brazilian photographer who..."
As a result, I am now wondering if there are any solid guidelines? I realise that "a" is used when the subject is one of many, and that "the" is used when there is only one, but there have been times when I have followed these guidelines and the sentence has looked / felt wrong.
Can anyone offer some guidance? | 2015/08/03 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/264485",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/131604/"
] | I think it comes down to how well-known you consider the person to be as far as the reader is concerned.
"...the famous singer..." assumes your reader knows the person. Additionally, it may distinguish them from another person of the same name.
"... a famous singer ..." assumes the reader is being introduced to the person.
**Example**
"By an amazing coincidence John Smith the famous singer had his house burgled by John Smith a petty criminal." | I like your rule and think you should trust it.
I also offer you the thought that when you write "... , a troubled ...", you are writing as if the reader does not already know about the singer, whereas when you write "... , the troubled ...", you are writing as if the reader already knows about the singer. |
25,673 | The questions tagged under such tags attract very less views and/or get very few/no answers. Is this desirable?
Is it because very few users have the background knowledge about those topics or is it because these topics are found uninteresting by the community? Or is there some other reason for this behaviour?
I understand that the number of questions asked under such tags are less but should that be a reason for less activity in the questions asked under such tags? | 2017/01/14 | [
"https://math.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/25673",
"https://math.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://math.meta.stackexchange.com/users/384307/"
] | I answer many logic questions, but I do not have every logic-related tag on my list. I would recommend using the "logic" tag on any question that is actually about logic, while also using other tags to help categorize it. If a question only has the "natural deduction" tag, for example, it may easily slip through the cracks. So the "logic" tag here is analogous to the "lo.logic" tag on MathOverflow.
The other issue with tags such as "natural deduction" in particular is that questions in that tag tend to be written in a less helpful way. [This question](https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/2094334/natural-deduction-proof-of-p-rightarrow-q-vdash-lnotp-land-lnot-q) at least lists the rules that can be used, unlike [this question](https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/2081191/%E2%8A%A2-phi-%E2%88%A8-psi-%E2%86%92-%C2%AC-phi-%E2%86%92-psi) which is very poorly composed.
I have to be in the right mindset to want to dig into someone else's specific set of deduction rules, particularly when, as in these two questions, it seems I may just be doing their homework for them. Neither of the questions really shows the asker engaging with the material. Compare [this question](https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/2096636/counterexamples-in-constructive-analysis-bishop-bridges-trouble-with-e) in which the asker is much more clearly engaged with the mathematics.
If askers want to get more and higher quality answers on questions about natural deduction or other deductive systems, the questions themselves should be of the highest quality possible, to entice experts into writing answers more frequently. | EDIT: As the OP pointed out [in a comment](http://meta.math.stackexchange.com/questions/25673/why-are-some-tags-very-inactive-for-example-natural-deduction-and-propositio/25674?noredirect=1#comment100951_25674), I have misunderstood the question. It seems that the question is not why *some tags* have less activity/attention, it is supposed to be "more about the *mathematical topics* associated with these tags."
I will leave the answer here, perhaps it is still marginally related to the question and it contains at least some useful information.
---
Certainly there are some areas which do not have enough experts or users able to answer questions from those areas. But your question seems to be more about tags and how they influence visibility of the question.
It is good to add specific tags, but if the question falls also under some larger tag, adding that tag as well might slightly improve number of views.
To stick with your examples, let us have a look at [natural-deduction](https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/natural-deduction "show questions tagged 'natural-deduction'").
I am not an expert on that area, but I'd guess that if a question is about [natural-deduction](https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/natural-deduction "show questions tagged 'natural-deduction'"), it will quite often fall under [logic](https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/logic "show questions tagged 'logic'") tag as well, And perhaps in some cases also [formal-proofs](https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/formal-proofs "show questions tagged 'formal-proofs'") and [proof-theory](https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/proof-theory "show questions tagged 'proof-theory'") might fit.
For any tag you can find out the number of followers of that tag. You can find more details [here](https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/76828/what-is-meant-by-tag-follower-versus-the-x-number-that-appears-after-a-tag-nam), but simply said, those are the users who have this tag among favorites or subscribe to email subscription for that tag. Anyway, this number indicates users who are more likely to see questions in that tag and correlates with number of users interested in that tag.
* The tag [natural-deduction](https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/natural-deduction "show questions tagged 'natural-deduction'") has 9 followers.
* The tag [formal-proofs](https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/formal-proofs "show questions tagged 'formal-proofs'") has 11 followers.
* The tag [proof-theory](https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/proof-theory "show questions tagged 'proof-theory'") has 72 followers.
* The tag [logic](https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/logic "show questions tagged 'logic'") has 740 followers.
(One disadvantage of the tags [formal-proofs](https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/formal-proofs "show questions tagged 'formal-proofs'") and [proof-theory](https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/proof-theory "show questions tagged 'proof-theory'") is that many people use them incorrectly and add those tag to basically any question which is somehow related to proofs. So your question might get lost among questions using those tags incorrectly.)
Adding a tag which has more followers slightly improves the chances that your questions will be seen. (Of course, you should only add such tag if it is a suitable tag for your question - not simply in an effort to gain more exposure.) |
7,907 | I need a free wordpress plugin that will allow the users to upvote or down vote every post. Something similar to stackoverflow.com
If not give me suggestions of how to create one. I am a java programmer and have never coded anything in PHP. | 2011/01/27 | [
"https://wordpress.stackexchange.com/questions/7907",
"https://wordpress.stackexchange.com",
"https://wordpress.stackexchange.com/users/1789/"
] | [GD Star Rating](http://wordpress.org/extend/plugins/gd-star-rating/) ( plugin is no longer in development ) was pretty comprehensive. | Can't answer completely now, but i could achieve a vote on/off functionality by implementing a "custom comment type".
It behaves very much like a comment, except it doesn't get listed/counted as a normal comment and can be retrieved independently from the comments table.
If you are interested I can post some code (quite some hacking into it, so i'll post it if there's some interest). |
7,907 | I need a free wordpress plugin that will allow the users to upvote or down vote every post. Something similar to stackoverflow.com
If not give me suggestions of how to create one. I am a java programmer and have never coded anything in PHP. | 2011/01/27 | [
"https://wordpress.stackexchange.com/questions/7907",
"https://wordpress.stackexchange.com",
"https://wordpress.stackexchange.com/users/1789/"
] | For all of my rating uses i use WP-PostRatings
<http://wordpress.org/extend/plugins/wp-postratings/> | Can't answer completely now, but i could achieve a vote on/off functionality by implementing a "custom comment type".
It behaves very much like a comment, except it doesn't get listed/counted as a normal comment and can be retrieved independently from the comments table.
If you are interested I can post some code (quite some hacking into it, so i'll post it if there's some interest). |
60,420 | (Note: I'm from the UK so whilst we get some news about America our news cycle isn't dominated by their affairs)
So, in 2020 there was the US elections, Biden won, but Trump is refusing to concede and is basically alleging there was massive voter fraud to prevent his win.
If you look at it from the perspective of a big Trump supporter, it looked like Trump might squeak out a win then suddenly there are a bunch of votes for Biden (aka postal votes) and then Biden wins comfortably, and the person you support alleges that there was massive voter fraud/irregularities and that's why he lost.
From their perspective it seems a compelling argument (though it is said to be wrong), Trump still has a lot of supporters and his base seem to be pretty devoted to him, plus they tend to be the people who are heavily armed and generally like to cause trouble.
Meanwhile throughout 2020, even during the whole pandemic situation, it seems that the USA has become a "riot friendly" country, the deaths of George Floyd and others at the hands of police officers have sparked massive protests across the country which in quite a few cases have turned into riots, with business being looted, property being damaged and further violence and deaths amongst those protesting.
I feel that the potent mix of Diehard Trump fans(with guns, who also generally don't seem to care about the COVID 19 pandemic) + Trump constantly claiming mass voter fraud, would result in violent protests and riots across the country amongst his fans.
Have there been any riots in the US attributed to the recent election results? | 2020/11/20 | [
"https://politics.stackexchange.com/questions/60420",
"https://politics.stackexchange.com",
"https://politics.stackexchange.com/users/35216/"
] | (Contra to Brian's answer) there were a few clashes, like this one in DC [on Nov 14](https://www.npr.org/2020/11/14/934957728/trump-supporters-descend-on-d-c-for-events-contesting-election-results):
>
> The demonstrations unfolded peacefully for most of the day, but counterprotesters clashed with the president's supporters and violence erupted as night fell. Counterprotesters were seen overturning tables of vendors selling Trump merchandise, as well as stealing Trump hats and flags and setting them on fire, according to The Washington Post.
>
>
> Two officers were injured and at least 20 people were arrested, according to the D.C. Mayor's Office. Of those arrests, four were for firearm violations, two for simple assault, one for an assault on a police officer and two for disorderly conduct, D.C. police told member station WAMU. Seven guns were recovered. It was not immediately clear if the guns belonged to Trump supporters or counterprotesters.
>
>
> Scattered clashes turned violent around 8 p.m., when Trump supporters armed with batons and counterprotesters collided in a brawl five blocks from the White House, The Post reported, before police broke up the groups. A city fire official said a young man was transported to the hospital for serious injuries after he was stabbed in the back during the fight, according to the newspaper.
>
>
>
But insofar these were much more limited than what some people feared. | (EDIT 1/10: A lot has changed since November, this answer reflects the information available at that time.)
**No**, there have been no such riots so far. (EDIT 11/20: The incident in Fizz's answer is the most notable exception I've seen so far.) For the reasons outlined in the question, an ongoing risk does exists to at least some limited degree. However, **civil conflict is only likely if Trump takes actions to drastically intensify uncertainty** about the transition of power. As [Bloomberg News reported](https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-11-04/cities-prepare-for-civil-unrest-that-election-night-spared-them) the day after the election:
>
> Predictions of widespread violence fizzled on Election Night, but police and businesses across the U.S. are keeping preparations in place as President Donald Trump falsely claims victory -- a scenario that experts warned held a greater potential for unrest.
>
>
>
That hasn't really happened (even though Trump has not formally conceded his electoral loss and continues to make baseless assertions about voter fraud) and up to now I can find no evidence of significant violence or property damage related to the election. |
60,420 | (Note: I'm from the UK so whilst we get some news about America our news cycle isn't dominated by their affairs)
So, in 2020 there was the US elections, Biden won, but Trump is refusing to concede and is basically alleging there was massive voter fraud to prevent his win.
If you look at it from the perspective of a big Trump supporter, it looked like Trump might squeak out a win then suddenly there are a bunch of votes for Biden (aka postal votes) and then Biden wins comfortably, and the person you support alleges that there was massive voter fraud/irregularities and that's why he lost.
From their perspective it seems a compelling argument (though it is said to be wrong), Trump still has a lot of supporters and his base seem to be pretty devoted to him, plus they tend to be the people who are heavily armed and generally like to cause trouble.
Meanwhile throughout 2020, even during the whole pandemic situation, it seems that the USA has become a "riot friendly" country, the deaths of George Floyd and others at the hands of police officers have sparked massive protests across the country which in quite a few cases have turned into riots, with business being looted, property being damaged and further violence and deaths amongst those protesting.
I feel that the potent mix of Diehard Trump fans(with guns, who also generally don't seem to care about the COVID 19 pandemic) + Trump constantly claiming mass voter fraud, would result in violent protests and riots across the country amongst his fans.
Have there been any riots in the US attributed to the recent election results? | 2020/11/20 | [
"https://politics.stackexchange.com/questions/60420",
"https://politics.stackexchange.com",
"https://politics.stackexchange.com/users/35216/"
] | (EDIT 1/10: A lot has changed since November, this answer reflects the information available at that time.)
**No**, there have been no such riots so far. (EDIT 11/20: The incident in Fizz's answer is the most notable exception I've seen so far.) For the reasons outlined in the question, an ongoing risk does exists to at least some limited degree. However, **civil conflict is only likely if Trump takes actions to drastically intensify uncertainty** about the transition of power. As [Bloomberg News reported](https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-11-04/cities-prepare-for-civil-unrest-that-election-night-spared-them) the day after the election:
>
> Predictions of widespread violence fizzled on Election Night, but police and businesses across the U.S. are keeping preparations in place as President Donald Trump falsely claims victory -- a scenario that experts warned held a greater potential for unrest.
>
>
>
That hasn't really happened (even though Trump has not formally conceded his electoral loss and continues to make baseless assertions about voter fraud) and up to now I can find no evidence of significant violence or property damage related to the election. | No, there have not been any riots.
Since that may seem surprising considering there are a lot of extremely invested people on both sides you need to consider the current overall position.
At the moment both sides are being told "it's fine, the courts will take care of it."
So Biden supporters are not happy about the situation and there have been sporadic protests (for example see the Republicans being flown in to talk to Trump who were met with protestors as they travelled).
Trump supporters are not happy and there have been sporadic protests (for example see the few thousand people Maga March).
But at the moment both sides are being told by their leaders that it's fine. They're going to win in the end. So they're waiting. And they're stewing, and getting worked up and more and more angry.
And that's when it will get dangerous. Because one of those sides (almost certainly Trump based on available evidence) is either going to lose but claim it was stolen (causing huge anger in his supporters) or win by a highly dubious means (causing huge anger in Biden supporters).
That is when we can expect violence to occur, as soon as it becomes clear that one side no longer has a non-violent route to victory. |
60,420 | (Note: I'm from the UK so whilst we get some news about America our news cycle isn't dominated by their affairs)
So, in 2020 there was the US elections, Biden won, but Trump is refusing to concede and is basically alleging there was massive voter fraud to prevent his win.
If you look at it from the perspective of a big Trump supporter, it looked like Trump might squeak out a win then suddenly there are a bunch of votes for Biden (aka postal votes) and then Biden wins comfortably, and the person you support alleges that there was massive voter fraud/irregularities and that's why he lost.
From their perspective it seems a compelling argument (though it is said to be wrong), Trump still has a lot of supporters and his base seem to be pretty devoted to him, plus they tend to be the people who are heavily armed and generally like to cause trouble.
Meanwhile throughout 2020, even during the whole pandemic situation, it seems that the USA has become a "riot friendly" country, the deaths of George Floyd and others at the hands of police officers have sparked massive protests across the country which in quite a few cases have turned into riots, with business being looted, property being damaged and further violence and deaths amongst those protesting.
I feel that the potent mix of Diehard Trump fans(with guns, who also generally don't seem to care about the COVID 19 pandemic) + Trump constantly claiming mass voter fraud, would result in violent protests and riots across the country amongst his fans.
Have there been any riots in the US attributed to the recent election results? | 2020/11/20 | [
"https://politics.stackexchange.com/questions/60420",
"https://politics.stackexchange.com",
"https://politics.stackexchange.com/users/35216/"
] | (Contra to Brian's answer) there were a few clashes, like this one in DC [on Nov 14](https://www.npr.org/2020/11/14/934957728/trump-supporters-descend-on-d-c-for-events-contesting-election-results):
>
> The demonstrations unfolded peacefully for most of the day, but counterprotesters clashed with the president's supporters and violence erupted as night fell. Counterprotesters were seen overturning tables of vendors selling Trump merchandise, as well as stealing Trump hats and flags and setting them on fire, according to The Washington Post.
>
>
> Two officers were injured and at least 20 people were arrested, according to the D.C. Mayor's Office. Of those arrests, four were for firearm violations, two for simple assault, one for an assault on a police officer and two for disorderly conduct, D.C. police told member station WAMU. Seven guns were recovered. It was not immediately clear if the guns belonged to Trump supporters or counterprotesters.
>
>
> Scattered clashes turned violent around 8 p.m., when Trump supporters armed with batons and counterprotesters collided in a brawl five blocks from the White House, The Post reported, before police broke up the groups. A city fire official said a young man was transported to the hospital for serious injuries after he was stabbed in the back during the fight, according to the newspaper.
>
>
>
But insofar these were much more limited than what some people feared. | No, there have not been any riots.
Since that may seem surprising considering there are a lot of extremely invested people on both sides you need to consider the current overall position.
At the moment both sides are being told "it's fine, the courts will take care of it."
So Biden supporters are not happy about the situation and there have been sporadic protests (for example see the Republicans being flown in to talk to Trump who were met with protestors as they travelled).
Trump supporters are not happy and there have been sporadic protests (for example see the few thousand people Maga March).
But at the moment both sides are being told by their leaders that it's fine. They're going to win in the end. So they're waiting. And they're stewing, and getting worked up and more and more angry.
And that's when it will get dangerous. Because one of those sides (almost certainly Trump based on available evidence) is either going to lose but claim it was stolen (causing huge anger in his supporters) or win by a highly dubious means (causing huge anger in Biden supporters).
That is when we can expect violence to occur, as soon as it becomes clear that one side no longer has a non-violent route to victory. |
60,420 | (Note: I'm from the UK so whilst we get some news about America our news cycle isn't dominated by their affairs)
So, in 2020 there was the US elections, Biden won, but Trump is refusing to concede and is basically alleging there was massive voter fraud to prevent his win.
If you look at it from the perspective of a big Trump supporter, it looked like Trump might squeak out a win then suddenly there are a bunch of votes for Biden (aka postal votes) and then Biden wins comfortably, and the person you support alleges that there was massive voter fraud/irregularities and that's why he lost.
From their perspective it seems a compelling argument (though it is said to be wrong), Trump still has a lot of supporters and his base seem to be pretty devoted to him, plus they tend to be the people who are heavily armed and generally like to cause trouble.
Meanwhile throughout 2020, even during the whole pandemic situation, it seems that the USA has become a "riot friendly" country, the deaths of George Floyd and others at the hands of police officers have sparked massive protests across the country which in quite a few cases have turned into riots, with business being looted, property being damaged and further violence and deaths amongst those protesting.
I feel that the potent mix of Diehard Trump fans(with guns, who also generally don't seem to care about the COVID 19 pandemic) + Trump constantly claiming mass voter fraud, would result in violent protests and riots across the country amongst his fans.
Have there been any riots in the US attributed to the recent election results? | 2020/11/20 | [
"https://politics.stackexchange.com/questions/60420",
"https://politics.stackexchange.com",
"https://politics.stackexchange.com/users/35216/"
] | (Contra to Brian's answer) there were a few clashes, like this one in DC [on Nov 14](https://www.npr.org/2020/11/14/934957728/trump-supporters-descend-on-d-c-for-events-contesting-election-results):
>
> The demonstrations unfolded peacefully for most of the day, but counterprotesters clashed with the president's supporters and violence erupted as night fell. Counterprotesters were seen overturning tables of vendors selling Trump merchandise, as well as stealing Trump hats and flags and setting them on fire, according to The Washington Post.
>
>
> Two officers were injured and at least 20 people were arrested, according to the D.C. Mayor's Office. Of those arrests, four were for firearm violations, two for simple assault, one for an assault on a police officer and two for disorderly conduct, D.C. police told member station WAMU. Seven guns were recovered. It was not immediately clear if the guns belonged to Trump supporters or counterprotesters.
>
>
> Scattered clashes turned violent around 8 p.m., when Trump supporters armed with batons and counterprotesters collided in a brawl five blocks from the White House, The Post reported, before police broke up the groups. A city fire official said a young man was transported to the hospital for serious injuries after he was stabbed in the back during the fight, according to the newspaper.
>
>
>
But insofar these were much more limited than what some people feared. | There was a [violent riot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_storming_of_the_United_States_Capitol) in Washington, DC on January 6, 2021.
The BBC [reports](https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-55578092),
>
> Trump supporters converged on Capitol Hill on Wednesday to express their rage over Joe Biden's victory in the election, wreaking havoc in Congress. Rioters were pictured vandalising congressional offices, and an aide to Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, Washington's top Democrat, reported a laptop was stolen.
>
>
> |
60,420 | (Note: I'm from the UK so whilst we get some news about America our news cycle isn't dominated by their affairs)
So, in 2020 there was the US elections, Biden won, but Trump is refusing to concede and is basically alleging there was massive voter fraud to prevent his win.
If you look at it from the perspective of a big Trump supporter, it looked like Trump might squeak out a win then suddenly there are a bunch of votes for Biden (aka postal votes) and then Biden wins comfortably, and the person you support alleges that there was massive voter fraud/irregularities and that's why he lost.
From their perspective it seems a compelling argument (though it is said to be wrong), Trump still has a lot of supporters and his base seem to be pretty devoted to him, plus they tend to be the people who are heavily armed and generally like to cause trouble.
Meanwhile throughout 2020, even during the whole pandemic situation, it seems that the USA has become a "riot friendly" country, the deaths of George Floyd and others at the hands of police officers have sparked massive protests across the country which in quite a few cases have turned into riots, with business being looted, property being damaged and further violence and deaths amongst those protesting.
I feel that the potent mix of Diehard Trump fans(with guns, who also generally don't seem to care about the COVID 19 pandemic) + Trump constantly claiming mass voter fraud, would result in violent protests and riots across the country amongst his fans.
Have there been any riots in the US attributed to the recent election results? | 2020/11/20 | [
"https://politics.stackexchange.com/questions/60420",
"https://politics.stackexchange.com",
"https://politics.stackexchange.com/users/35216/"
] | There was a [violent riot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_storming_of_the_United_States_Capitol) in Washington, DC on January 6, 2021.
The BBC [reports](https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-55578092),
>
> Trump supporters converged on Capitol Hill on Wednesday to express their rage over Joe Biden's victory in the election, wreaking havoc in Congress. Rioters were pictured vandalising congressional offices, and an aide to Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, Washington's top Democrat, reported a laptop was stolen.
>
>
> | No, there have not been any riots.
Since that may seem surprising considering there are a lot of extremely invested people on both sides you need to consider the current overall position.
At the moment both sides are being told "it's fine, the courts will take care of it."
So Biden supporters are not happy about the situation and there have been sporadic protests (for example see the Republicans being flown in to talk to Trump who were met with protestors as they travelled).
Trump supporters are not happy and there have been sporadic protests (for example see the few thousand people Maga March).
But at the moment both sides are being told by their leaders that it's fine. They're going to win in the end. So they're waiting. And they're stewing, and getting worked up and more and more angry.
And that's when it will get dangerous. Because one of those sides (almost certainly Trump based on available evidence) is either going to lose but claim it was stolen (causing huge anger in his supporters) or win by a highly dubious means (causing huge anger in Biden supporters).
That is when we can expect violence to occur, as soon as it becomes clear that one side no longer has a non-violent route to victory. |
4,414 | What are some ways a SPO can attack the Cardano blockchain? E.g. in Bitcoin, a miner could intentionally exclude certain transactions to the extend that the miner's hash power allows. Is something like this possible in Cardano? What about other forms of attack? What discourages such attacks or mitigates the harm they can cause? | 2021/11/04 | [
"https://cardano.stackexchange.com/questions/4414",
"https://cardano.stackexchange.com",
"https://cardano.stackexchange.com/users/234/"
] | I am still researching if it is possible for a SPO to choose and exclude transactions when they are elected to create the block. I am pretty sure it isn't something you can just do 'out of the box,' I believe you would need to modify the client code of your block producer. With that said, **if** they could do that, it still wouldn't cause much damage. The reason why is because there is enough entropy built into the slot leader selection that the next block would pick up the excluded transaction. This is because it would be a new slot leader, thus only causing a ~20 second delay. This kind of attack is also discouraged because there is not incentive for just 1 pool operator to cherry pick (choose some, exclude others) transactions because the rewards are pooled and distributed at the end of the epoch. Meaning that if there were a lot of full-blocks, you could very slightly increase the overall rewards. However, after dividing it out to all the SPOs who created blocks, it likely wouldn't be worth your time. Now if multiple SPOs worked together on something like this, and we were constantly creating full blocks there could be incentive to choose the transactions that have larger fees (like ETH). | Decentralization is the mitigation against attacks in almost all of these systems, they all assume that a centralized player has not gained the power to control consensus.
An SPO could theoretically re-write their block producers software to do anything, like award themselves a million ADA. But it doesnt have any effect because no other SPOs agree that should happen.
Chain forks are probably the next thing an SPO could try to do, if they could create a dummy chain they could double-spend ADA. Ouroborous can withstand at least 6 blocks in any 22 blocks being created by attackers trying to fork the chain, and with 15 confirmations no users will be duped onto the wrong chain. It would be very hard for any SPO to co-ordinate more than 6 in 22 blocks becaise of the random nature of slot leader selection, unless they had a very high amount of stake and could wait for the the right time. Of course the problem there is that having a lot of stake on the system and damaging the system is stupid, because you are damaging your own value.
Forking is also dis-incentivized by the fact that all SPOs earn more if there are more successful blocks on the main chain. As rewards are held to the epoch end and distributed to SPOs based on the number of blocks they created on the main chain, its an incentive for all SPOs to find and stay on the main chain. |
4,414 | What are some ways a SPO can attack the Cardano blockchain? E.g. in Bitcoin, a miner could intentionally exclude certain transactions to the extend that the miner's hash power allows. Is something like this possible in Cardano? What about other forms of attack? What discourages such attacks or mitigates the harm they can cause? | 2021/11/04 | [
"https://cardano.stackexchange.com/questions/4414",
"https://cardano.stackexchange.com",
"https://cardano.stackexchange.com/users/234/"
] | I am still researching if it is possible for a SPO to choose and exclude transactions when they are elected to create the block. I am pretty sure it isn't something you can just do 'out of the box,' I believe you would need to modify the client code of your block producer. With that said, **if** they could do that, it still wouldn't cause much damage. The reason why is because there is enough entropy built into the slot leader selection that the next block would pick up the excluded transaction. This is because it would be a new slot leader, thus only causing a ~20 second delay. This kind of attack is also discouraged because there is not incentive for just 1 pool operator to cherry pick (choose some, exclude others) transactions because the rewards are pooled and distributed at the end of the epoch. Meaning that if there were a lot of full-blocks, you could very slightly increase the overall rewards. However, after dividing it out to all the SPOs who created blocks, it likely wouldn't be worth your time. Now if multiple SPOs worked together on something like this, and we were constantly creating full blocks there could be incentive to choose the transactions that have larger fees (like ETH). | The most feasible (and most well-established) method by which any kind of validator (be it a miner, SPO, etc) can game the system is through Miner Extractable Value (MEV), a.k.a front-running. It is an endemic (though non-catastrophic) problem for any public blockchain network that is maintained in a trust-less fashion.
In a nutshell, when a validator creates a new block, **she temporarily gains a non-insignificant glimpse into the future of the blockchain *before* the rest of the network does**. This is because there is a small amount of time elapsed between the validator making the block locally and that block being validated and incorporated into the rest of the network. Let's call this the ***MEV-window***. If during this window the issuing validator is quick enough to act, they can gain an [arbitrage](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/arbitrage.asp) opportunity over the rest of the network. This is especially true if the validator in question is responsible for more than just good 'ol block production on the CSL, but is also providing oracle data, [babel fee liquidity](https://iohk.io/en/blog/posts/2021/02/25/babel-fees/), [DEX scooping](https://sundaeswap-finance.medium.com/sundaeswap-labs-presents-the-scooper-model-678d6054318d), and/or a variety of other distributed services.
For example, if I'm an SPO and an oracle provider, and I see that the block I'm about to publish contains a sudden surge of transactions towards a known exchange address(es), I may conclude that the price is about to go down, so I may then include some of my own buy orders in the same block. I can also adjust my oracle feeds to match where I expect the price to go before anyone else does; I'd be using my position as a block producer (in that moment) to front-run the market. This is just one of many ways MEV can be used to game the system.
As far as I am aware, there is no generalized solution to the problem of MEV, and I believe it is widely accepted as an issue that can only be minimized, but not completely eliminated. The good news is there may be ways to minimize this problem to the point of relative obscurity. Things like minimizing the MEV window, clever use of [ZK](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/z/zksnark.asp)-technology, or just building applications with a highly meticulous approach to the underlying game theory, just like IOG did with the development of Cardano. |
8,374,598 | I have a web page which was written on ASP.NET and C#. it outputs a HTML code. Want to output an image instead. How do i do it?
Thanks | 2011/12/04 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/8374598",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/638865/"
] | you can use [http://iecapt.sourceforge.net/](http://aspdotnetcodebook.blogspot.com/2009/05/how-to-export-webpage-as-image-in.html) to convert HTML to image.
You can try it out. It is available for **FREE**.
or
you can use this one [web page save as a image](http://aspdotnetcodebook.blogspot.com/2009/05/how-to-export-webpage-as-image-in.html) to get the webpage output as image | Since the control in charge of dispalying the web page is like any other element, you might save its render to a file :
[Convert XAML-Canvas to bitmap](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1715543/convert-xaml-canvas-to-bitmap/8104089#8104089) |
8,374,598 | I have a web page which was written on ASP.NET and C#. it outputs a HTML code. Want to output an image instead. How do i do it?
Thanks | 2011/12/04 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/8374598",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/638865/"
] | you can use [http://iecapt.sourceforge.net/](http://aspdotnetcodebook.blogspot.com/2009/05/how-to-export-webpage-as-image-in.html) to convert HTML to image.
You can try it out. It is available for **FREE**.
or
you can use this one [web page save as a image](http://aspdotnetcodebook.blogspot.com/2009/05/how-to-export-webpage-as-image-in.html) to get the webpage output as image | If you want to use your web page as the href of an anchor and return a dynamic image based on some query string then you could use Response object to send your image stream using Response.BinaryWrite object and set Content Type to appropriate image. |
336,966 | [I asked a question](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/35136918/objective-c-fabsf-wrong-result-type) some time ago now. I was trying to understand what I was not understanding of an interface, and in the comments came out it was (likely) a bug in the interface itself.
I opened a ticket in their (Apple in this case) bug tracker, and after a year the ticket is still not even considered.
It was a minor issue, but I wonder:
*What is best to do with the question: should I leave it unanswered, or shortly answer myself "it's likely a framework bug or whatever"?* | 2016/10/26 | [
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com/questions/336966",
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com",
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com/users/691977/"
] | I think it would be okay to add a self answer stating that the issue in the question appears to be a bug and then link to the bug report so future visitors can see it. This way people who hit this same issue at least see that there is a problem, it is just not solved as it is a bug. I really dislike having that as just a comment as comment as for clarification and confirming it is a bug is more an answer to me.
Once/if it is ever fixed the answer can be updated to include the fix information. | I have deleted my own question because it not only became useless for me, it was a bug, was properly fixed by the maker *and* was getting in the way of people looking for information about the error but that didn't have the same causes. So, yeah, if you find that your question is no longer useful, you can delete it. |
10,266 | I am especially interested in data input ergonomics: keyboards, mice, and chairs, but would also like to hear about other ergonomic improvements that changed project performance. References to specific research, case studies, or best-practice sheets would be greatly appreciated.
The question is: Do ergonomic keyboards, mice, or chairs make a difference in delivering projects on time, on budget, or according to spec? | 2013/11/25 | [
"https://pm.stackexchange.com/questions/10266",
"https://pm.stackexchange.com",
"https://pm.stackexchange.com/users/4551/"
] | This question is applicable to project management as it is in all other types of operations, whether it is knowledge type work or labor. The application of the science is through generalization of the findings versus a study that shows a direct correlation between a project optimized ergonomically and one that is not.
The challenge in answering this question is setting expectations that you do not have a cause and effect between an egonomic station and cost, schedule, and scope performance. There are an infinite number of variables, including a host of uncontrollable, random variables, that ultimately affect where we end up with cost and schedule and scope quality. Our jobs as project managers, and operations managers for that matter, are to increase the likelihood of favorable results by pulling the levers and pushing the buttons that are known to help with the full understanding that you still have risk of poor performance and complete failure.
Googling ergonomics and performance yields a host of scientific findings that suggest improved musculoskeletal and visual performance via lack of symptoms or employee complaint. One could easily conclude that, in most cases for much of the time, performance should be improved by providing ergnomic work stations.
Personally, I do not think there is much debate around this topic so I would certainly include an ergonomic work station and environment, and the cost thereof, in my project planning. While the results are no where guaranteed, no magic bullet, these are the right levers to pull to help increase my odds.
Two studies:
Health and Performance Consequences of Office Ergonomic Interventions Among Computer Workers, Michelle Robertson
Office ergonomics training and a sit-stand workstation: effects on musculoskeletal and visual symptoms and performance of office workers. Robertson MM, Ciriello VM, Garabet AM.
The abstracts are available online; however, you might have to pay to see the entire study. | TL;DR
-----
This question is only indirectly related to project management, and isn't answerable in the way that you're asking it. In addition, requests for off-site resources or search-engine type questions are always off-topic.
That said, perhaps a valid answer is to simply point out where your question tangentially intersects with Project Management, and where it does not. With that in mind, I offer you the following guidance.
Applicability to a Project
--------------------------
While productivity is something that might concern a project manager, ergonomic equipment is more of an HR or facilities issue. The real impact to the project would generally come in the form of:
1. Process issues, such as whether team members can request ergonomic equipment and the procedures for doing so.
2. Budget issues, such as whether such equipment is a cost to the project or to some other organizational unit.
Ergonomics as a Science
-----------------------
It seems like common sense to say that if you don't have people losing working hours to back pain or carpal tunnel syndrome then you will avoid preventable losses to productivity. If, on the other hand, your question is more along the lines of "How much faster will my programmers type if I get them ergonomic equipment?" then I think you will need to turn to research literature.
Setting aside people's physical comfort and required accommodations, in my experience people on knowledge-based projects spend more time *thinking* than they do typing or mousing around, so my expectation would be that any real productivity improvements will come from the health and happiness of the team members rather than from any measurable improvement in systems input. |
10,266 | I am especially interested in data input ergonomics: keyboards, mice, and chairs, but would also like to hear about other ergonomic improvements that changed project performance. References to specific research, case studies, or best-practice sheets would be greatly appreciated.
The question is: Do ergonomic keyboards, mice, or chairs make a difference in delivering projects on time, on budget, or according to spec? | 2013/11/25 | [
"https://pm.stackexchange.com/questions/10266",
"https://pm.stackexchange.com",
"https://pm.stackexchange.com/users/4551/"
] | I've enjoyed studying this topic of input devices and ergonomics at the Institute of Perception Research in Eindhoven (too bad it no longer exists separately as part of Philips NatLab; it was a cool place to acquire the MSc.).
The question for a project manager can be rephrased as "How do I get more output squeezed out of the team" since all types of actions can be taken. And many pay off already within a reasonable size project. Such as defining a good process, labor instructions, motivation and a good desk.
Productivity is composed of people, tools and processes. And working on each of these three, you can improve throughput by each one considerably.
Back to the question; yes, the choice of input devices can have an impact on direct productivity (number of correct computer interactions per second) as well on indirect productivity (how happy are you with your work).
Regarding environmental factors, there are numerous studies available when you use google scholar to look for "ergonomics" or "information ergonomics". It is not uncommon that a different set up can easily double the direct throughput within the project. Prolonging research on productivity tools can even further raise the productivity. Which is good, otherwise we would all be still hunting mammuts using a wooden stick.
But also please note that for "creative" projects the soft factors can have a much higher influence than the environmental factors. An old book from IBM has interesting numbers. For software engineering (which is my business) I like the books from Microsoft Press which besides normal bla bla on project management include many real-life problems faced within Microsoft. Some titles:
* Software Project Survival Guide
* Code Complete | TL;DR
-----
This question is only indirectly related to project management, and isn't answerable in the way that you're asking it. In addition, requests for off-site resources or search-engine type questions are always off-topic.
That said, perhaps a valid answer is to simply point out where your question tangentially intersects with Project Management, and where it does not. With that in mind, I offer you the following guidance.
Applicability to a Project
--------------------------
While productivity is something that might concern a project manager, ergonomic equipment is more of an HR or facilities issue. The real impact to the project would generally come in the form of:
1. Process issues, such as whether team members can request ergonomic equipment and the procedures for doing so.
2. Budget issues, such as whether such equipment is a cost to the project or to some other organizational unit.
Ergonomics as a Science
-----------------------
It seems like common sense to say that if you don't have people losing working hours to back pain or carpal tunnel syndrome then you will avoid preventable losses to productivity. If, on the other hand, your question is more along the lines of "How much faster will my programmers type if I get them ergonomic equipment?" then I think you will need to turn to research literature.
Setting aside people's physical comfort and required accommodations, in my experience people on knowledge-based projects spend more time *thinking* than they do typing or mousing around, so my expectation would be that any real productivity improvements will come from the health and happiness of the team members rather than from any measurable improvement in systems input. |
94,852 | What exactly makes modal logic intensional? In what follows, for illustration, I will focus on propositional modal logic (MPL).
I know that the modal operators in MPL are intensional since the truth values of modal formulas depends not only on the actual world but on *all relevant possible worlds*. Formulas whose main operator is "necessity" are true iff they are true in all possible worlds (accessible from our world). Formulas whose main operator is "possibility" are true iff they are true in at least one possible world (accessible from our world).
Moreover, the truth values of non-modal formulas in MPL are assigned *per possible world*. Each non-modal formula gets an interpretation and a valuation per each possible world in the model.
Now, **my question** is: is MPL intensional in virtue of (i) its modal operators or (ii) both its modal operators and non-modal formulas? In other words: would MPL still be intensional if we removed the modal operators from it but otherwise keep the semantics unchanged?
**EDIT**:
Another way to put my point is: Consider a logic that is exactly like MPL, except without modal operators (call this logic *pseudo-modal*). Pseudo-modal logic would still be evaluated using a model M = <*worlds*, *accessibility relation*, *interpretation function*>; however, its vocabulary would be the vocabulary of plain propositional logic. Would pseudo-modal logic be intensional? If so, in virtue of what?
Pseudo-modal logic would evaluate formulas per possible world (just like MPL). However, it would not have any formulas that are evaluated across all accessible possible worlds (i.e., formulas whose main operator is modal). Thus, would it not be the case that, in pseudo-modal logic, the extensions of the atoms evaluated per possible world fully determine the truth values of all other formulas? If so, wouldn't pseudo-modal logic be extensional instead of intensional? | 2022/11/18 | [
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/questions/94852",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/users/9044/"
] | Lets say that intensional roughly means something along the lines of Frege's sense/reference. In particular, we have that the sense of a proposition is intensional, it varies across possible worlds. Meanwhile, its reference is a truth value.
Given a model M = <worlds, accessibility, valuation>, we can associate with each formula P a function f such that f(state) = true exactly when M, state satisfies P. This function f can be thought of as (a first pass at) modeling P's sense since it is sensitive to variations across worlds.
Given any P such that P contains no modal operators, we can assign f using a restricted notion of satisfcation (that which has no clauses for modal operators). We prove this by induction on the height of P. This f is still sensitive to variations across worlds, so surprisingly we still get some notion of intensionality. Not sure we could call it a modal logic without modal operators though.
Note that there are different notions of intensionality floating about, but that all of them - to my knowledge- agree on at least a sense/reference distinction. | One way to approach the issue of intensionality in modal logic is to observe that modal expressions are considered to be intensional because they introduce referentially opaque contexts. These are contexts within which co-referring terms and coextensive concepts cannot be substituted while guaranteeing truth preservation.
A commonly used example is to say that while the expression "the number of planets in the solar system" has the value 8, it is necessarily true that 8 is greater than 7, but not necessarily true that the number of planets in the solar system is greater than 7. So, in simple extensional contexts we can substitute 8 in place of "the number of planets in the solar system", but in modal contexts we cannot.
An example involving concepts might be to say that while the concepts "species of animal that has a heart" and "species of animal that has kidneys" are coextensive, we cannot substitute one expression for the other in modal contexts. A trivial example would be that it is true that "necessarily all animals with hearts have hearts", but not true that "necesarily all animals with kidneys have hearts".
These examples can be stated without reference to possible worlds, but introducing talk of PWs can help to make things clear. We might say that in the actual world, the number of planets is 8, but in some other PW it is less. But 8 is greater than 7 in all normal PWs. Likewise, we can say that in the actual world all and only those animal species with hearts have kidneys, but in some other PWs they do not.
The last part of your question is oddly worded, since if we remove the modal operators from MPL, then we don't have modal logic any more, just the underlying logic. If you are asking whether intensionality is present in the fundamental features of classical logic, then while the logic itself is extensional, we typically distinguish intension from extension when understanding the meaning of names and predicates. Following Frege, a name has a referent, which is the thing named, and a sense, which is how we recognise or identify or compute the referent. A predicate has a referent, which is its extension, and a sense, which is how we recognise or identify or compute an instance of the predicate.
So, "George Orwell" and "Eric Blair" share the same referent, but have a different sense. Likewise, "animal species with heart" and "animal species with kidneys" share the same referent, but have a different sense. |
52,648 | Reading the One Punch Man wikia I've read that when a younger Saitama, before being a hero, was able to defeat a monster. How was this possible? Did Saitama have some power before becoming a hero? | 2019/04/24 | [
"https://anime.stackexchange.com/questions/52648",
"https://anime.stackexchange.com",
"https://anime.stackexchange.com/users/3028/"
] | In the anime and manga, Saitama starts off as a reasonably fit, unemployed salaryman (he's notably more non-descript in the original webcomic). He's not as cut as he is portrayed in the present time, but certainly not doughy or without definition.
Saitama's fight with Crabante, his first monster fight, is indicative of the mindset that would deliver him unto extreme power: don't stop until it's done, and ignore your limits. He fights through pain and Crabante's superior power to take advantage of Crabante's weak point and saves the day.
In the manga there is a sidestory chapter (Volume 2, Bonus chapter) that takes place around 300 days into his training to be a hero. He still has his full head of hair. He's in a great deal of pain through the initial part of the story, but near the end an attacking monster hits him while he's out doing his running and knocks out his tooth
>
> which turns out to be the source of Saitama's pain, as he had an awful toothache in exactly that tooth.
>
>
>
This restores Saitama's focus (and he suffers no other form of damage, despite being launched through a wall), and he quickly one-shots the monster and simply continues on with his running like it was no big deal.
Indeed, there's a second sidestory chapter that takes place during his training days (Volume 3, Bonus Chapter 1). This one I don't think specifies exactly when it occurs, but he still has his hair. Saitama's out in the city and really, really needs to pee. But he can't get inside anywhere to use a bathroom because everyone's hiding from a huge attacking monster (Cicada Nymph). Saitama runs pee-dance-style trying to find one and one-shots the monster when it gets in his way. I don't think Saitama really even registered the monster (either as a threat or even existing), being more focused on finding somewhere to pee.
Which is all to say that Saitama does appear to have a meteoric rise in power, but in his fight against Crabante his only extraordinary ability appeared to be his willpower and courage. He does not achieve his ultimate power until he loses all of his hair, but even before he has shown any hair loss (it's not specified if he lost it somewhat gradually, or all-at-once, or what) he is able to take powerful hits with little to no damage, and can one-shot monsters.
Incidentally, the bullying thing you mentioned is in the Volume 1 bonus chapter. | I believe if you follow the story, we can see that Saitama was not bald headed. He was a normal salary man. Then one day he met with a crab monster, where he was beaten so badly. With some luck and brain, he managed to defeat the crab monster. Later on he fight with monster and train a lot. Just like what anime season 1 stated, he do some muscle training to his limit until he realized that he has become bald.
So imo, he was a weakling before becoming a hero. He was strong before joining hero association. |
64,657 | I'm using the JFrame plugin with jquery 1.2.6.
It works fine in FF3, however it won't display the requested pages in IE 7.
The jQuery library and the JFrame plugin are called in the included header.cfm.
Page code is here (note: ignore the ColdFusion calls, I don't think they're generating the problem): <http://cfm.pastebin.com/m20c1b013> | 2008/09/15 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/64657",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/-1/"
] | When you have a problem like this, the best way of tracking down the problem is to reduce the page to the minimum necessary to reproduce the problem.
*"Ignore the [x] because I don't think that's the problem"* is no good, if you don't think that's the problem, save it to a temporary static page, delete the things you think are unrelated, and then you *know* whether or not they are the problem. Keep deleting things you think are unrelated, and eventually you will either find the bit that's screwing things up when you remove it, or you will end up with a very small file that is:
* Much easier to debug
* Much more likely to attract help from people
* Much better testcase for the times when it's a genuine bug in a library
Not many people are willing to pick apart Coldfusion and table layout code to get to your bug - after all, you're the one with the problem, and even you couldn't be bothered to do it, so why would anybody else? | I would suggest updating to the newest release of jquery (v 1.3.2). This might be the simplest way to attempt to fix the bug. <http://jquery.com/> |
64,657 | I'm using the JFrame plugin with jquery 1.2.6.
It works fine in FF3, however it won't display the requested pages in IE 7.
The jQuery library and the JFrame plugin are called in the included header.cfm.
Page code is here (note: ignore the ColdFusion calls, I don't think they're generating the problem): <http://cfm.pastebin.com/m20c1b013> | 2008/09/15 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/64657",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/-1/"
] | When you have a problem like this, the best way of tracking down the problem is to reduce the page to the minimum necessary to reproduce the problem.
*"Ignore the [x] because I don't think that's the problem"* is no good, if you don't think that's the problem, save it to a temporary static page, delete the things you think are unrelated, and then you *know* whether or not they are the problem. Keep deleting things you think are unrelated, and eventually you will either find the bit that's screwing things up when you remove it, or you will end up with a very small file that is:
* Much easier to debug
* Much more likely to attract help from people
* Much better testcase for the times when it's a genuine bug in a library
Not many people are willing to pick apart Coldfusion and table layout code to get to your bug - after all, you're the one with the problem, and even you couldn't be bothered to do it, so why would anybody else? | Being new to JQuery myself, I have found the Developer tools in IE8 indispensible. In the script console I was able to find error messages that gave me the info I needed. Are you getting any error messages?
There is a "Developer Toolbar" available for IE7. I do not know what it provides for script debugging:
<http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=E59C3964-672D-4511-BB3E-2D5E1DB91038&displaylang=en> |
185,682 | I wrote:
>
> Hydrochloric ions can influence the mutual solubility of IL and water **and hence** affect the extraction mechanism.
>
>
>
For several conclusions, I may use this construction. I would like to know how idiomatic is this structure, and what are other alternatives to use for such short conclusions in a sentence. | 2018/11/15 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/185682",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/11569/"
] | If you want to talk about the status of the toilet and you want to use word “use”, then the expression I would use is “in use”, meaning that the toilet is being used. Then the opposite would be “not in use”.
I’m guessing that you’re looking for one word though. We often say that the restroom (and by extension, the toilet) is *occupied*. In fact, [when we’re in the restroom and someone knocks, a common response is “occupied!”](https://ell.stackexchange.com/q/123195/36187) The opposite would be *unoccupied*. | I would use the following two cases:
>
> 1. In use
> 2. Available
>
>
> |
185,682 | I wrote:
>
> Hydrochloric ions can influence the mutual solubility of IL and water **and hence** affect the extraction mechanism.
>
>
>
For several conclusions, I may use this construction. I would like to know how idiomatic is this structure, and what are other alternatives to use for such short conclusions in a sentence. | 2018/11/15 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/185682",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/11569/"
] | I would use the following two cases:
>
> 1. In use
> 2. Available
>
>
> | The words on the toilet door "dial" are:
1. **Vacant** (i.e. available, free, unoccupied)
2. **Engaged** (i.e. unavailable, in use, occupied) |
185,682 | I wrote:
>
> Hydrochloric ions can influence the mutual solubility of IL and water **and hence** affect the extraction mechanism.
>
>
>
For several conclusions, I may use this construction. I would like to know how idiomatic is this structure, and what are other alternatives to use for such short conclusions in a sentence. | 2018/11/15 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/185682",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/11569/"
] | If you want to talk about the status of the toilet and you want to use word “use”, then the expression I would use is “in use”, meaning that the toilet is being used. Then the opposite would be “not in use”.
I’m guessing that you’re looking for one word though. We often say that the restroom (and by extension, the toilet) is *occupied*. In fact, [when we’re in the restroom and someone knocks, a common response is “occupied!”](https://ell.stackexchange.com/q/123195/36187) The opposite would be *unoccupied*. | The words on the toilet door "dial" are:
1. **Vacant** (i.e. available, free, unoccupied)
2. **Engaged** (i.e. unavailable, in use, occupied) |
21,913 | I have a servo motor with rotary encoder salvaged from an old scanner. I'm trying to figure out how to re-use it in a DIY CNC machine.
By reading through the engineering manual from the original device (Hooray for uncle Google!) I have established that the servo was run on PWM'ed 24.5v DC and the encoder was run on 5v DC. The power supplies were on the same board, but the voltages were generating from separate transformers. (I am in NZ, so it is 230v 50Hz mains here.) Regretfully I do not have the original mainboard/motherboard so I cannot trace any circuits that the encoder once ran to.
The wiring is run from a parallel port connector up to the motor and the encoder - but the servo lines and the encoder lines are run in separate, independently 'screened' cables inside the outer cable liner. So it's two bundles, each with a metal woven tube around them and plastic over that, traveling inside the same larger diameter plastic outer sheath.They emerge from the outer sheath about 200mm from the servo and encoder and finish the distance as independent cables.
Aside from figuring out a drive for the servo, I have to figure out how to read the encoder. I sort of understand the basics of how it works, with +/- A and +/- B and +/- index... those will tell me the 'start' point (indexes) and the pulses to count. I think. But that there are chips on the encoder weirds me out... but that's not this question.
Due to my embarrassingly low level of electronics knowledge I'm stuck on the fact that it has something called "0v" (on pin 20 of the pinout below), AND it has a ground through the mesh cable liner.
So, if anyone can, please let me know how I can safely wire and power up the encoder to to begin looking for signals on the other wires.
If "0v" is really separate and different from GND, then please include how I might create a "0v" from any of the many power supplies I have around. I've played with so many PSUs and other power bricks, but have never seen this 0v thing?
I am posting pictures of it and also the only reference I have for the pinout of the connector. Thanks in advance.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/7ccy4.jpg)
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/GLSUW.jpg)
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Cd5dc.jpg) | 2019/08/17 | [
"https://reverseengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/21913",
"https://reverseengineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://reverseengineering.stackexchange.com/users/27513/"
] | There are two possibilities:
Your GND is actually safety ground. Which is usually used when electronics (or motor) is directly (without transformer) connected to 120/230V electrical grid.
Other reasons is that motor need high current which introduce voltage drop and electrical noise on power supply lines. This could glitch or damage encoder. This problem can be solved by separating power supply for power and logic circuits. In your case you should use different power supply for encoder (pin 7 and 20 and its outputs) and Brush servo phase pins (if you will use them).
I would say option 2 is more likely, but cant be sure your pictures.
EDIT:
If your mesh in cable is actually connected to pin 21 or 22 then it is screen to prevent electrical interference, in that case it should be connected to appropriate GND at one (and only one) point. | Most of it is gibberish to me, but [this page](https://library.automationdirect.com/encoders-explained-issue-25-2013/) seems to mention that 0V pin is used as the base for the encoding output and is separate from the ground for the power supply. |
3,500,566 | Actually I am new here and not familiar about placeholder. Just hear about it and find generally in ASP.Net.
my question is PlaceHolder is not available in local C# is there any similar control is there or not then how to access the PlaceHolder in local C# Application.
Guide me Please. | 2010/08/17 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3500566",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/439582/"
] | The placeholder is an Asp.net control which you drag from the toolbox on your page.
There is no such thing in C#
Here is an example of how to use it:
<http://www.aspxcode.net/free-asp-net-sample-source-code-c.aspx?Topics=How%20to%20Use%20PlaceHolder>
Hope that helps. | With 'local' You mean so called win forms? Maybe wpf?
In win forms it would be 'Panel' control if I remember correctly. |
880,399 | We have recently moved to a new ISP and my Windows 8.1 ThinkPad will not reliably connect to the new network. I am not having issues with any other devices, but this laptop barely works at all.
It always connects, and sometimes works extremely briefly, loading, say, half a Web page before giving up. Sometimes Windows claims limited connectivity, sometimes it claims to have Internet connectivity when it does not.
I have tried removing the network (even from the registry) to no avail.
I'm not sure where to go from here, suggestions appreciated! | 2015/02/20 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/880399",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/20503/"
] | I would
1. Try using the laptop as close as possible to the access point to see if there is some source of noise disturbing the communication
2. Load a [linux live-CD](http://www.knoppix.org/) (works out of the box on my thinkpad) onto USB stick and try using WiFi. If it works well, the problem may have to something with windows.
3. Change some parameters like WiFi channel etc.
edit:
4. Maybe you have some WiFi stick around, then you can try that one instead of the build-in card. | Whenever troubleshooting wireless issues, always try to determine if the issue is local to your network or with the device itself. The easiest test is to take the device to a local hot spot (public wi-fi, such as "Starbucks" or even "McDonalds" and test your connectivity.
If you are still having issues, then concentrate your efforts on the device itself (upgrading the O/S, component drivers, etc.)
If there are no issues, this is where you need to look at what's happening with your access device at work. It may need a firmware or software upgrade (have you tried rebooting the device?).
If still having issues, purchase a USB wireless device. Disable the on-board wi-fi and install the USB wi-fi and see if that does the trick. |
114,302 | There had been non-Jedi/non-Sith dabbling with lightsabers a bit. General Grievous swung a bunch around like crazy. And I do recall there had been some kind of stick weapon that the lightsaber bounced off in the prequels.
But in Star Wars 7:
>
> Finn (no-force) battles Kylo (Sith) to a draw even injuring Kylo with a lightsaber. This is the same Finn who almost gets dispatched by a simple stormtrooper with a lightsaber proof baton.
>
>
>
> So if we have non-Jedi, non-Sith grabbing lightsabers and standing equal with Jedi and Sith, and every stormtrooper has an anti-lightsaber baton that they can just about beat a Jedi with, then in what sense is a Jedi with his lightsaber a fearsome sight?
>
>
>
Has anyone picked up on anything or heard Lucas or JJ talk about it or knows of good counter examples? | 2016/01/10 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/114302",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/4398/"
] | There are a group of weapons called [Vibroblades](http://starwars.wikia.com/wiki/Vibroblade) in-universe that have the ability to parry and other wise act like a lightsaber whilst being a physical object. In the EU there were various daggers and axes in addition to swords. This is due to a method of weapon creation called [Cortosis-weave](http://starwars.wikia.com/wiki/Cortosis-weave), which is very expensive due to the use of rare components. This may be where the baton came from.
As for the effectiveness of the weapon, that lies in the ability of the wielder. The stormtrooper and Finn both had basic melee training, but there's serious differences, which is why Finn had so much trouble - he was used to using heavier things, so using this very light saber (ha!) actually was against his training. Similarly, Rey attacked Emo Ren using the lightsaber as though it was a staff, at first, until letting the force guide her. General Grevious was able to use them with machine-accuracy, in addition to sith training.
Are Jedi still terrifying? Certainly. The force allowing them to react faster than the speed of blaster bolts is a literally deadly skill, plus the many, many abilities that the force makes available to them. Just like a random postal worker with a hunting rifle is a scary stereotype, but it wouldn't hold a candle of effectiveness to a veteran military sniper. | The light saber is a symbol mostly of Force-sensitivity.
Also the fact that a lightsaber is not a common device in the galaxy. They are each individually designed, built and used by the same Force-user almost exclusively.
The one exception is the Skywalker family as Anakin has his saber passed down to his son, from which he eventually designs his own.
Yes General Grievous wielded four, they were all stolen from Jedi he killed. Finn wielded one but that was more or less given to him to give to Rey.
The fact a non-Force-user can use them isn't relevant. As any sword can be picked up by any man and be used, albeit poorly. If Ben was better trained then he wouldn't need a broadsword. |
114,302 | There had been non-Jedi/non-Sith dabbling with lightsabers a bit. General Grievous swung a bunch around like crazy. And I do recall there had been some kind of stick weapon that the lightsaber bounced off in the prequels.
But in Star Wars 7:
>
> Finn (no-force) battles Kylo (Sith) to a draw even injuring Kylo with a lightsaber. This is the same Finn who almost gets dispatched by a simple stormtrooper with a lightsaber proof baton.
>
>
>
> So if we have non-Jedi, non-Sith grabbing lightsabers and standing equal with Jedi and Sith, and every stormtrooper has an anti-lightsaber baton that they can just about beat a Jedi with, then in what sense is a Jedi with his lightsaber a fearsome sight?
>
>
>
Has anyone picked up on anything or heard Lucas or JJ talk about it or knows of good counter examples? | 2016/01/10 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/114302",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/4398/"
] | There are a group of weapons called [Vibroblades](http://starwars.wikia.com/wiki/Vibroblade) in-universe that have the ability to parry and other wise act like a lightsaber whilst being a physical object. In the EU there were various daggers and axes in addition to swords. This is due to a method of weapon creation called [Cortosis-weave](http://starwars.wikia.com/wiki/Cortosis-weave), which is very expensive due to the use of rare components. This may be where the baton came from.
As for the effectiveness of the weapon, that lies in the ability of the wielder. The stormtrooper and Finn both had basic melee training, but there's serious differences, which is why Finn had so much trouble - he was used to using heavier things, so using this very light saber (ha!) actually was against his training. Similarly, Rey attacked Emo Ren using the lightsaber as though it was a staff, at first, until letting the force guide her. General Grevious was able to use them with machine-accuracy, in addition to sith training.
Are Jedi still terrifying? Certainly. The force allowing them to react faster than the speed of blaster bolts is a literally deadly skill, plus the many, many abilities that the force makes available to them. Just like a random postal worker with a hunting rifle is a scary stereotype, but it wouldn't hold a candle of effectiveness to a veteran military sniper. | There are plenty of reasons that a Jedi *with a lightsaber* (as opposed to a different weapon) is something special:
* Lightsabers have a power output that is out of proportion to their input, and may come from the Force:
>
> By rights lightsabers shouldn’t have been able to cut through
> meter-thick durasteel and yet they could, which lent credence to the
> notion of their being augmented by the Force itself.
>
>
> *Catalyst: A Rogue One Novel*
>
>
>
Just because the other weapons can withstand a lightsaber blow (by using some sort of electrical field to deflect it, by all appearances), doesn’t mean they can slice through doors or limbs.
* A lightsaber constructed by a Jedi helps center them in combat, augmenting their already formidable fighting skills. [According to](http://www.starwars.com/databank/lightsaber-crystal) the Databank:
>
> At the heart of every Jedi lightsaber is a kyber crystal found on
> several planets, most notably the icebound caves of Ilum. This crystal
> is attuned to the Force, and connected to a Jedi Knight on a deeply
> personal level. In this way, a lightsaber is an extension of a Jedi’s
> Force awareness. Because Jedi let the Force guide their selection of
> the crystal, the vibration that the crystal creates in the lightsaber
> blade helps Jedi center themselves and find balance in the Force. In
> this way, a Jedi can center his or her attention beyond the
> distractions of combat.
>
>
>
* A lightsaber can deflect blaster bolts, whereas another weapon (even some of the anti-lightsaber weapons) might have more trouble.
A few additional points, with respect to why a Jedi (or Force-user in general) is indeed someone to be feared:
* We don’t know that Finn is *not* Force-sensitive. As of this answer, *Star Wars* VIII and IX have yet to come out, and could well reveal that Finn has some Force talent. Regardless, he’s a very skilled combatant. [This answer](https://scifi.stackexchange.com/a/111258/976) explains the fight between Finn and Kylo. Regardless of whether Finn is Force sensitive or not, Kylo is definitely the more skilled fighter, and would win a fight—most of the time.
* Weapons that can deflect lightsabers are rare and expensive.
* It’s not surprising that Finn, with a lightsaber, could be beaten by a stormtrooper with a riot-control baton: you’ve got one person wielding a weapon he’s never used, versus another with a weapon they’ve extensively trained in. Even if Finn does have the Force, and keeping in mind that he’s quite good at melee, that’s a fight he could plausibly lose. |
5,188,227 | *I know the title may seem like apples & oranges, but hear me out... :)*
I'm building the architecture of an MVC app and considering what to use for the core of the controller / services. This stack will also serve as a RESTful API which will be equally as important as the UI.
I'm narrowing down my stack to be built with either Grails or JAX-RS (at this point I've ruled out other options and am not super interested in expanding this list). Either way I'll be using Groovy, and my model and views will be virtually unaffected by this choice, so that further levels some of the differences between the two. Here are the pros/cons that I've been pondering and was wondering if anyone had any other inputs or caveat experiences.
### Grails
* I am not going to use a ton of the built-in Grails features (GSP/SiteMesh, Hibernate, nearly all plugins), so I'm concerned that Grails might be a bit heavy for my purposes
* I'm concerned that I won't have enough control over my ability to handle the REST API since it is very view-centric
* I've seen inconsistencies in the quality of plugins to the point where I'm not sure I consider them much of a 'pro'
* I love the convention-over-configuration & edit-and-refresh, to the point where I'd probably want to wire up something similar if I go with JAX-RS
* I like the grails command line for everything it streamlines, but I'm concerned that it might get in my way since I'm not using as much of the stack
* I like the scaffolding but since I'm not using Hibernate or GSP/SiteMesh it might not mesh well
### JAX-RS
* JAX-RS is made for REST. This will make my RESTful API really a snap to implement as I have complete control
* Groovy is an important part of what makes Grails shine, so I'll benefit from that even in JAX-RS
* I love how JAX-RS doesn't automatically pull in a bunch of other things so I can have more control of what components are in/out
* unfortunately since it doesn't pull in everything else anything that I end up needing will require more work, whereas Grails might have a plugin
* the grails command line and scaffolding will be missed; perhaps Maven can fill some gaps
It seems like the capabilities of each for creating actions and routing are pretty similar (although the implementation styles are different). In fact there are [other SO questions wish touch upon this](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4037253) so I'm not too concerned. | 2011/03/04 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/5188227",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/43217/"
] | I wrote a small REST service prototype in several frameworks last year (namely Grails, Play!, Spring MVC, Jersey, Restlet). My feeling about Grails in this concern was that although Grails supports REST style architecture, it isn't really made for it. I don't want to get religious here, so if you only want to map resources to URLs and HTTP verbs your fine, but if you want to dig deeper into REST with tight control over return codes, location headers, etc. you might still be able to do it with Grails, but it is probably better supported in a pure REST framework.
Grails also comes with a lot of dependencies, which might not be a problem if you're starting on a green field, but can cause problems when you have to integrate it with existing legacy components or frameworks.
From the two used REST frameworks, I liked Jersey more, as it just worked in my case and the documentation was good (although a bit focused on Maven and Netbeans). | Yeah, it does seem heavy to build on a MVC framework when you're not going to use the model or the view. While the autowiring and simplified configuration is super nice, Grails would still be providing a lot of extra stuff that you don't need.
I'd personally take the lighter approach and leave Grails out, using any standalone libraries or writing custom code which provide the features that you do want. There's a number of [container projects](http://groovy.codehaus.org/Related+Projects) listed on the Groovy site, perhaps Spring or one of the alternatives would add some value to your architecture. |
406,667 | I was wondering if there is a word to describe a person who always is really quick at looking things up on etc. his phone.
E.g when you just can't remember the characters name in the film you just saw and this guy quickly pulls his phone out and looks it up.
I am looking for an adjective to fit: I was not sure about the meaning of the word, but the quick-lookup-guy quickly found the answer. | 2017/08/20 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/406667",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/254135/"
] | I can't come up with a word that fits the bill. Depending on the context in which you wish to use the term, perhaps you could coin one along the lines of: *Googleholic,* *Googlemaniac,* *Wiki-it-all*, *Net-ref-nut* etc. | Inquisitive
Fidgety
Animated
Detail obsessed /OCD
Impolite
Gullible? |
406,667 | I was wondering if there is a word to describe a person who always is really quick at looking things up on etc. his phone.
E.g when you just can't remember the characters name in the film you just saw and this guy quickly pulls his phone out and looks it up.
I am looking for an adjective to fit: I was not sure about the meaning of the word, but the quick-lookup-guy quickly found the answer. | 2017/08/20 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/406667",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/254135/"
] | I wasn't sure about the meaning of the word, but my ***google-master*** friend quickly found the answer with his phone.
I can't give you a definition or a source because I made it up. | Inquisitive
Fidgety
Animated
Detail obsessed /OCD
Impolite
Gullible? |
406,667 | I was wondering if there is a word to describe a person who always is really quick at looking things up on etc. his phone.
E.g when you just can't remember the characters name in the film you just saw and this guy quickly pulls his phone out and looks it up.
I am looking for an adjective to fit: I was not sure about the meaning of the word, but the quick-lookup-guy quickly found the answer. | 2017/08/20 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/406667",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/254135/"
] | The skill is known as [Google-fu](http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=google-fu), and is a [noun](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Google-fu).
So although you can't use it as a straight adjective (ie 'he is Google-fu'), you can say 'his Google-fu is very impressive'.
In terms of your sample sentence, you could have:
>
> I was not sure about the meaning of the word, but the Google-fu master
> quickly found the answer.
>
>
> | Inquisitive
Fidgety
Animated
Detail obsessed /OCD
Impolite
Gullible? |
406,667 | I was wondering if there is a word to describe a person who always is really quick at looking things up on etc. his phone.
E.g when you just can't remember the characters name in the film you just saw and this guy quickly pulls his phone out and looks it up.
I am looking for an adjective to fit: I was not sure about the meaning of the word, but the quick-lookup-guy quickly found the answer. | 2017/08/20 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/406667",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/254135/"
] | The skill is known as [Google-fu](http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=google-fu), and is a [noun](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Google-fu).
So although you can't use it as a straight adjective (ie 'he is Google-fu'), you can say 'his Google-fu is very impressive'.
In terms of your sample sentence, you could have:
>
> I was not sure about the meaning of the word, but the Google-fu master
> quickly found the answer.
>
>
> | I can't come up with a word that fits the bill. Depending on the context in which you wish to use the term, perhaps you could coin one along the lines of: *Googleholic,* *Googlemaniac,* *Wiki-it-all*, *Net-ref-nut* etc. |
406,667 | I was wondering if there is a word to describe a person who always is really quick at looking things up on etc. his phone.
E.g when you just can't remember the characters name in the film you just saw and this guy quickly pulls his phone out and looks it up.
I am looking for an adjective to fit: I was not sure about the meaning of the word, but the quick-lookup-guy quickly found the answer. | 2017/08/20 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/406667",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/254135/"
] | The skill is known as [Google-fu](http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=google-fu), and is a [noun](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Google-fu).
So although you can't use it as a straight adjective (ie 'he is Google-fu'), you can say 'his Google-fu is very impressive'.
In terms of your sample sentence, you could have:
>
> I was not sure about the meaning of the word, but the Google-fu master
> quickly found the answer.
>
>
> | I wasn't sure about the meaning of the word, but my ***google-master*** friend quickly found the answer with his phone.
I can't give you a definition or a source because I made it up. |
2,306 | I'm trying to write something sort of poetic sounding.
>
> Instead of memories let's discover the
> present that we wanted to search for.
>
>
>
I'm thinking that maybe I should write the word "moment" after "present" to make it unambiguous. I would rather not though, because I don't want to limit the meaning of "present" to "this moment." I would like to leave it open so that it can mean "this day" or "this time." But then if I don't add the word "moment", I think that this might bring up images of searching for presents during Christmas, and I don't want that to happen. What do you think? | 2011/03/29 | [
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/questions/2306",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/users/1671/"
] | From a strictly grammatical point of view, I think the context of "memories" establishes the expected temporal sense of "present" rather than leaving any reasonable possibility that it could be interpreted as a gift; so you shouldn't run into any difficulties due to ambiguity.
(Although this is technically off-topic, from a poetic point of view, while the sentiment is nice the phrasing is somewhat lacking. Perhaps something like "Let us not live well only in our memories; rather let us create the present that we have desired.") | You could replace "present" with "now" (or something similar) and remove the potential for ambiguity. |
9,590,317 | Is it possible do something like this ?
When I click on the button I need the following animation: button to set some alpha filter and starts to fall down as indicated by the arrow, it will disappear on tab.
Can you tell me how to do this ? Thanks a lot ...
Here is image url: <http://img534.imageshack.us/img534/8149/screenqx.jpg> | 2012/03/06 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/9590317",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1006835/"
] | It's definitely possible, but there are some issues you have to overcome. One is that UIBarButtonItem isn't a UIView. One way is to loop through the subviews of the UIToolbar or UINavigationBar. Another way is to figure out the position of the button. Another is to get the view using private api if you're not submitting to the AppStore.
Once you have the view, you can move it to the superview of the UIToolbar or UINavigationBar or you can create a view on top of that (and hide the real UIBarButtonItem since you're done with that). The latter is more difficult because mimicking the look of the default bordered UIBarButtonItem isn't easy.
Now you need to get the center of the UITabBarItem somehow. You can either use private api or you can loop through the subviews.
Create a CGPath using Quartz functions or using UIBezierPath. The start point will be the center of the button and the end point will be the center of the UITabBarItem.
Create a CAKeyFrameAnimation and attach said CGPath.
Create a CABasicAnimation to animate the opacity.
Add both to a CAAnimationGroup.
Attach the animation group to your button view's CALayer.
Make sure to also set the position and the alpha in order to prevent the view from jumping back to its original position after the animation.
Once you attach the animation group, the animation should start, so make sure you're doing all of this in the button's selector method. | You can't really move it from view to view, as your views could clip and then you'd get frames with only a partial image. Probably the best thing to do is to create a view on the fly which covers the whole screen, copy the button image into the view at the original point, remove the button from the original view, then animate that image to where you want it to go, then add the button to the final destination. |
51,975,828 | Is there an option to use gcloud commands programmatically via - Java?
I see not all of the google provided libraries have all the functionalities that are present as part of gcloud command. | 2018/08/22 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/51975828",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/9481677/"
] | Ugh :-(
You're correct but there's a better solution.
Please see this explanation:
<https://cloud.google.com/apis/docs/client-libraries-explained>
I discourage you from shelling out to calling the gcloud commands from Java to solve your problem *and* from attempting to make the calls directly.
In summary:
All of Google's services are available for all of the supported languages using the older client libraries called the API Client Libraries. The API Client Libraries are machine-generated and mostly guaranteed to perfectly reflect the underlying services:
<https://developers.google.com/api-client-library/>
For Google Cloud Platform, a newer (better) set of client libraries is available but, these have required hand-coding. It's not a good excuse but, because of this, these libraries have lagged their underlying services. The lag includes some services not being available in some languages, some methods of some services not being available etc.
<https://cloud.google.com/apis/docs/cloud-client-libraries>
So, this creates a few challenges but...
If you require one set of libraries for everything, go API Client Libraries
Otherwise:
1. If the Cloud Client Library is available, use it.
2. If the Cloud Client Library is not available, use the API Client Library. | url :
cloud.google.com/compute/docs/containers/deploying-containers
I found below description
"You can only use this feature through the Google Cloud Platform Console or the gcloud command-line tool, not the API."
here its not possible using api but only possible use gcloud command line.
so using gcloud command from java is still issue. |
2,575 | My Australian friend says yes. I'm not so sure, considering the monarchy collects no taxes from England, much less a country in the commonwealth. What's the verdict? Can she say "you're fired" and Tony Abbot is out? | 2012/07/12 | [
"https://history.stackexchange.com/questions/2575",
"https://history.stackexchange.com",
"https://history.stackexchange.com/users/282/"
] | *Theoretically*, yes.
The prime minister is appointed by the governor-general, who is the representative of the Australian monarch (currently Queen Elizabeth II). The queen could instruct her representative to appoint a new prime minister at any time. (If the governor-general refused, the queen could appoint a new governor-general.)
*In practice*, however, the governor-general *usually* only appoints a new prime minister as advised by Parliament or a resigning prime minister.
(In a rare exception to this practice, in 1975 the governor-general dismissed a prime minister whose party held a majority in the House. ([Wikipedia](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1975_Australian_constitutional_crisis)))
Also in practice, the monarch usually only appoints a governor-general that has been nominated by the prime minister.
It's important to remember that Elizabeth doesn't have these powers as queen of England, but as **queen of Australia**. Legally, Australia is a monarchy, with its own royal family. It happens to be that this royal family resides in England, and that the queen of Australia is *also* queen of several other countries, but only for historical reasons. | The Queen (or King) of England is a constitutional monarch, a ceremonial figure whose powers are strictly circumscribed by the constitutions of England (or other Commonwealth countries).
In THEORY, the "chain of command" goes from the queen, to the governor-general of the Commonwealth, to the Prime Minister of Australia. In actual fact, the queen and governor general will do what the Australian (or English) Parliaments tell them to do.
So the queen does "hire and fire." But not of her own volition, but as a result of the constitutional process.
The short answer is "she does," (what she is told to do) but "she can't" (on her own). |
2,575 | My Australian friend says yes. I'm not so sure, considering the monarchy collects no taxes from England, much less a country in the commonwealth. What's the verdict? Can she say "you're fired" and Tony Abbot is out? | 2012/07/12 | [
"https://history.stackexchange.com/questions/2575",
"https://history.stackexchange.com",
"https://history.stackexchange.com/users/282/"
] | *Theoretically*, yes.
The prime minister is appointed by the governor-general, who is the representative of the Australian monarch (currently Queen Elizabeth II). The queen could instruct her representative to appoint a new prime minister at any time. (If the governor-general refused, the queen could appoint a new governor-general.)
*In practice*, however, the governor-general *usually* only appoints a new prime minister as advised by Parliament or a resigning prime minister.
(In a rare exception to this practice, in 1975 the governor-general dismissed a prime minister whose party held a majority in the House. ([Wikipedia](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1975_Australian_constitutional_crisis)))
Also in practice, the monarch usually only appoints a governor-general that has been nominated by the prime minister.
It's important to remember that Elizabeth doesn't have these powers as queen of England, but as **queen of Australia**. Legally, Australia is a monarchy, with its own royal family. It happens to be that this royal family resides in England, and that the queen of Australia is *also* queen of several other countries, but only for historical reasons. | Section 61 of the Constitution says "The executive power of the Commonwealth is vested in the Queen and **is exercisable by the Governor-General** as the Queen’s representative [...]".
Prime Minister Robert Menzies had to pass a Parliamentary standing order specially for Queen Elizabeth to be able to open Parliament when she visited Australia in 1954 because he received legal advice that, based on the above wording of the Constitution, that power was exercisable only by the Governor-General, not the Queen. So, for the Queen to open Parliament while she visited, a standing order had to be passed through Parliament: "[When Her Majesty the Queen is present in Australia and intends to indicate in person the cause of the calling together of Parliament, references in this chapter to the Governor-General shall be read as references to Her Majesty the Queen.](http://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Senate/Powers_practice_n_procedures/~/link.aspx?_id=FC08DF8337A843498C94A38FABA57B34&_z=z)" Note that this standing order relates only to the opening of Parliament, and is only effective when the Queen is present in Australia.
Constitutionally, the Queen can't exercise the executive power required to dismiss the Prime Minister - only the Governor-General can do this. The Queen can instruct the Governor-General to dismiss a Prime Minister (and, it's worth noting that there's no constitutional or legal requirement for the Governor-General to follow the Queen's instructions), but she can't dismiss the Prime Minister herself. |
2,575 | My Australian friend says yes. I'm not so sure, considering the monarchy collects no taxes from England, much less a country in the commonwealth. What's the verdict? Can she say "you're fired" and Tony Abbot is out? | 2012/07/12 | [
"https://history.stackexchange.com/questions/2575",
"https://history.stackexchange.com",
"https://history.stackexchange.com/users/282/"
] | *Theoretically*, yes.
The prime minister is appointed by the governor-general, who is the representative of the Australian monarch (currently Queen Elizabeth II). The queen could instruct her representative to appoint a new prime minister at any time. (If the governor-general refused, the queen could appoint a new governor-general.)
*In practice*, however, the governor-general *usually* only appoints a new prime minister as advised by Parliament or a resigning prime minister.
(In a rare exception to this practice, in 1975 the governor-general dismissed a prime minister whose party held a majority in the House. ([Wikipedia](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1975_Australian_constitutional_crisis)))
Also in practice, the monarch usually only appoints a governor-general that has been nominated by the prime minister.
It's important to remember that Elizabeth doesn't have these powers as queen of England, but as **queen of Australia**. Legally, Australia is a monarchy, with its own royal family. It happens to be that this royal family resides in England, and that the queen of Australia is *also* queen of several other countries, but only for historical reasons. | 1. The Queen Cannot sack the Prime Minister of Australia.
2. In 1975, (I was there) the Governor General did NOT sack the Prime Minister, he has no power to sack the Prime Minister.
3. What can happen is this. If the Parliament cannot get legislature through parliament, due to blockage of the other side. Again and again. And 'supply is blocked'... i.e. money to be allocated, Parliament comes to a standstill. The Prime Minister can approach the Governor General and request a 'Double Dissolution' Both the Upper and Lower houses are disbanded, and a new election for both upper and lower houses are called for. This is what occurred in 1975. Whitlam couldn't get legislature through. There was an election, and Malcolm Fraser and Liberals were voted in. |
2,575 | My Australian friend says yes. I'm not so sure, considering the monarchy collects no taxes from England, much less a country in the commonwealth. What's the verdict? Can she say "you're fired" and Tony Abbot is out? | 2012/07/12 | [
"https://history.stackexchange.com/questions/2575",
"https://history.stackexchange.com",
"https://history.stackexchange.com/users/282/"
] | Section 61 of the Constitution says "The executive power of the Commonwealth is vested in the Queen and **is exercisable by the Governor-General** as the Queen’s representative [...]".
Prime Minister Robert Menzies had to pass a Parliamentary standing order specially for Queen Elizabeth to be able to open Parliament when she visited Australia in 1954 because he received legal advice that, based on the above wording of the Constitution, that power was exercisable only by the Governor-General, not the Queen. So, for the Queen to open Parliament while she visited, a standing order had to be passed through Parliament: "[When Her Majesty the Queen is present in Australia and intends to indicate in person the cause of the calling together of Parliament, references in this chapter to the Governor-General shall be read as references to Her Majesty the Queen.](http://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Senate/Powers_practice_n_procedures/~/link.aspx?_id=FC08DF8337A843498C94A38FABA57B34&_z=z)" Note that this standing order relates only to the opening of Parliament, and is only effective when the Queen is present in Australia.
Constitutionally, the Queen can't exercise the executive power required to dismiss the Prime Minister - only the Governor-General can do this. The Queen can instruct the Governor-General to dismiss a Prime Minister (and, it's worth noting that there's no constitutional or legal requirement for the Governor-General to follow the Queen's instructions), but she can't dismiss the Prime Minister herself. | The Queen (or King) of England is a constitutional monarch, a ceremonial figure whose powers are strictly circumscribed by the constitutions of England (or other Commonwealth countries).
In THEORY, the "chain of command" goes from the queen, to the governor-general of the Commonwealth, to the Prime Minister of Australia. In actual fact, the queen and governor general will do what the Australian (or English) Parliaments tell them to do.
So the queen does "hire and fire." But not of her own volition, but as a result of the constitutional process.
The short answer is "she does," (what she is told to do) but "she can't" (on her own). |
2,575 | My Australian friend says yes. I'm not so sure, considering the monarchy collects no taxes from England, much less a country in the commonwealth. What's the verdict? Can she say "you're fired" and Tony Abbot is out? | 2012/07/12 | [
"https://history.stackexchange.com/questions/2575",
"https://history.stackexchange.com",
"https://history.stackexchange.com/users/282/"
] | The Queen (or King) of England is a constitutional monarch, a ceremonial figure whose powers are strictly circumscribed by the constitutions of England (or other Commonwealth countries).
In THEORY, the "chain of command" goes from the queen, to the governor-general of the Commonwealth, to the Prime Minister of Australia. In actual fact, the queen and governor general will do what the Australian (or English) Parliaments tell them to do.
So the queen does "hire and fire." But not of her own volition, but as a result of the constitutional process.
The short answer is "she does," (what she is told to do) but "she can't" (on her own). | 1. The Queen Cannot sack the Prime Minister of Australia.
2. In 1975, (I was there) the Governor General did NOT sack the Prime Minister, he has no power to sack the Prime Minister.
3. What can happen is this. If the Parliament cannot get legislature through parliament, due to blockage of the other side. Again and again. And 'supply is blocked'... i.e. money to be allocated, Parliament comes to a standstill. The Prime Minister can approach the Governor General and request a 'Double Dissolution' Both the Upper and Lower houses are disbanded, and a new election for both upper and lower houses are called for. This is what occurred in 1975. Whitlam couldn't get legislature through. There was an election, and Malcolm Fraser and Liberals were voted in. |
2,575 | My Australian friend says yes. I'm not so sure, considering the monarchy collects no taxes from England, much less a country in the commonwealth. What's the verdict? Can she say "you're fired" and Tony Abbot is out? | 2012/07/12 | [
"https://history.stackexchange.com/questions/2575",
"https://history.stackexchange.com",
"https://history.stackexchange.com/users/282/"
] | Section 61 of the Constitution says "The executive power of the Commonwealth is vested in the Queen and **is exercisable by the Governor-General** as the Queen’s representative [...]".
Prime Minister Robert Menzies had to pass a Parliamentary standing order specially for Queen Elizabeth to be able to open Parliament when she visited Australia in 1954 because he received legal advice that, based on the above wording of the Constitution, that power was exercisable only by the Governor-General, not the Queen. So, for the Queen to open Parliament while she visited, a standing order had to be passed through Parliament: "[When Her Majesty the Queen is present in Australia and intends to indicate in person the cause of the calling together of Parliament, references in this chapter to the Governor-General shall be read as references to Her Majesty the Queen.](http://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Senate/Powers_practice_n_procedures/~/link.aspx?_id=FC08DF8337A843498C94A38FABA57B34&_z=z)" Note that this standing order relates only to the opening of Parliament, and is only effective when the Queen is present in Australia.
Constitutionally, the Queen can't exercise the executive power required to dismiss the Prime Minister - only the Governor-General can do this. The Queen can instruct the Governor-General to dismiss a Prime Minister (and, it's worth noting that there's no constitutional or legal requirement for the Governor-General to follow the Queen's instructions), but she can't dismiss the Prime Minister herself. | 1. The Queen Cannot sack the Prime Minister of Australia.
2. In 1975, (I was there) the Governor General did NOT sack the Prime Minister, he has no power to sack the Prime Minister.
3. What can happen is this. If the Parliament cannot get legislature through parliament, due to blockage of the other side. Again and again. And 'supply is blocked'... i.e. money to be allocated, Parliament comes to a standstill. The Prime Minister can approach the Governor General and request a 'Double Dissolution' Both the Upper and Lower houses are disbanded, and a new election for both upper and lower houses are called for. This is what occurred in 1975. Whitlam couldn't get legislature through. There was an election, and Malcolm Fraser and Liberals were voted in. |
31,757 | I'm planning to make DIY Home Surveillance. Now I'm looking for free motion sensor. I'm using webcam as a camera to detect whether there's a motion changes in my house. Does anyone know what is the best free motion sensor software? Also I want the software emailed me if someone tried to breach my house.
Currently I'm using PC with Windows as its Operating System.
Thanks | 2009/08/29 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/31757",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/7520/"
] | here is a nice DIY tutorial:
[How to use your PC and Webcam as a motion-detecting and recording security camera](http://www.simplehelp.net/2006/09/27/how-to-use-your-pc-and-webcam-as-a-motion-detecting-and-recording-security-camera/)
and here's a specialized shareware program ($25):
[**SupervisionCam**](http://www.supervisioncam.de/) captures and compares images from video cameras at intervals you define. It starts optional activities when a movement is detected. | If you use Linux, I know there a packages that does what you want. It can even email you with the video where something moved |
18,685,720 | I'm creating a website and have a problem with the way it displays in different browsers. I'm testing using Chrome, iOS and IE8. The site displays correctly in the first two, but not so in IE.
The website in question is <http://www.edalemill.co.uk/>
Can anyone help point out what's wrong with my CSS to solve the problem?
Thanks! | 2013/09/08 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/18685720",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/2759205/"
] | If you are doing this for only learning purposes and using some 100ish photographs, I'd say you should start with storing data in a directory and display them. This will allow you to focus on presentation layouts more. You can build a class to extract the images.
Once your layout looks great, you can expand your database to store your images, write a script to migrate pictures to the database table(s) and extend the class to extract images so that they come from the database instead of the file system. This will engage your mind in abstracting layers of operations, making database changes and ...version controlling your changes (I recommend git).
That way you can simulate a client who had few needs at first (pictures on the file system) and their needs grew (pictures in the database), and how you would manage the change in real life. Going one step forward, you could version control your journey on GitHub. That call allow StackOverflow users to fork your repository and help you make changes to your code. | I would suggest to store all names in a database!
Advantages:
* It allows building relations if you later plan to create other tables.
* It (directly) allows sorting
* It (directly) allows filtering
Disadvantages:
* You have to synchronize the file names and the table if you edit or remove from one of them.
You could also store the images in your database. Whether this option is recommendable depends on your use case and amount of visitors. See here for further information on that topic: [PHP to store images in MySQL or not?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/527801/php-to-store-images-in-mysql-or-not) |
18,685,720 | I'm creating a website and have a problem with the way it displays in different browsers. I'm testing using Chrome, iOS and IE8. The site displays correctly in the first two, but not so in IE.
The website in question is <http://www.edalemill.co.uk/>
Can anyone help point out what's wrong with my CSS to solve the problem?
Thanks! | 2013/09/08 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/18685720",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/2759205/"
] | If you are doing this for only learning purposes and using some 100ish photographs, I'd say you should start with storing data in a directory and display them. This will allow you to focus on presentation layouts more. You can build a class to extract the images.
Once your layout looks great, you can expand your database to store your images, write a script to migrate pictures to the database table(s) and extend the class to extract images so that they come from the database instead of the file system. This will engage your mind in abstracting layers of operations, making database changes and ...version controlling your changes (I recommend git).
That way you can simulate a client who had few needs at first (pictures on the file system) and their needs grew (pictures in the database), and how you would manage the change in real life. Going one step forward, you could version control your journey on GitHub. That call allow StackOverflow users to fork your repository and help you make changes to your code. | I would use the database method. If you ever decide to add a title, description, tags or comments to each picture you'll have an easier time implementing it. Plus you can sort. |
108,458 | Honestly, I’m still learning about some cleaning products. I made an approximately 10% Lysol 90% water solution, dipped a small paper towel into it, and wiped all exterior sides (no interior) of a microwave (redipping up to 5 times as needed). I now realize I shouldn’t have wiped areas with vents. After about 10min I washed all sides with water. I’ve been rewashing with water the sides each day since. I read perhaps Lysol is [inert when dry](https://www.quora.com/Someone-sprayed-Lysol-all-over-the-kitchen-without-reading-the-directions-If-washed-are-the-dishes-safe-to-use-even-plastic-containers-Is-the-floor-safe-as-long-as-its-dry). What should I do additionally to try to make it safe to use? How long should I wait before using it? | 2020/05/18 | [
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/questions/108458",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/users/84136/"
] | To further @Tetsujin's answer.
The Lysol product you have specified as Lysol Clean & Fresh Multi-Surface Cleaner is made of a number of active ingredients. The primary decontaminating component is [Alkyl (50% C14, 40% C12, 10% C16) dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride](http://www.rbnainfo.com/product.php?productLineId=1298). This is a member of what are known as [Quaternary Ammonium Compounds](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaternary_ammonium_cation) or Quaternary Ammonium Cations (QACs). These are all very effective disinfectants against most bacterial pathogens and a wide range of viruses (including SARS-CoV-2 the cause of COVID-19 - see the list and concentrations [here](https://www.epa.gov/pesticide-registration/list-n-disinfectants-use-against-sars-cov-2)). There are a bunch of other things in there too, but most of it is ingredients that allow the QACs to work better, this includes the alcohols ([surfactant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surfactant)), [EDTA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethylenediaminetetraacetic_acid) and [Tetraborate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borax) (mineral sequestering - for hard water, which can inhibit QACs), or ways to make it smell nicer or look pretty.
QACs are generally irritants - they make your skin red and itchy, but they can also cause more severe damage on more sensitive tissues such as lungs, eyes and intestines if inhaled or swallowed. Generally these compounds are safe to use on hard surfaces like your microwave, but not on porous surfaces because the porous surfaces can absorb the disinfectant. Note that they are pretty common as [bacteriostatics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacteriostatic_agent) in [contact storage solutions, eye-washes and nasal sprays](http://www.inchem.org/documents/pims/chemical/pimg022.htm#SectionTitle:5.3%20%20Dermal) (see Dermal section) - so the risks are relatively low.
Use of QACs on hard surfaces is fine - just wipe with water a couple of times after use will dilute it enough that it is no longer a problem for most people.
The vents on your microwave are not considered porous - porous surfaces are things with small holes that will absorb the ingredients and not allow them to be washed off easily. Examples of porous surfaces are unsealed wooden surfaces (e.g. chopping boards), sponges (you can use these for cleaning with though - just don't eat off them) and unglazed pottery/crockery. If you have used a QAC cleaner on these sorts of things, you should throw them out or re-purpose them so that you are not eating off them
Long story short - wipe with water a couple of times and you will be fine. | Lysol is a trade name, covering a whole family of quite different products. You will need to be more specific.
In short, though… you rinse it with more water until it's gone. If it got inside places it shouldn't, then your choice is to attempt a DIY take-apart [really not recommended] or give it to a professional… or ignore it & eventually it the smell will go away, hopefully. |
9,552,105 | I am currently working on a Java graphics API and want to enable easy customization. Part of what I have in mind is being able to replace standard code with custom code. To achieve this, I'm wondering if I can have the methods of my code reference code in external, swappable files (that may or may not be written in a different language, such as RhinoScript). For example, if someone using the API feels the code of a particular method is inefficient, they could replace the file that method references with their own file with code which they feel is more efficient.
I understand interfaces and abstract classes may be an option to achieve this, but I feel the approach I described, if achievable, would have the advantage of reusable code, easier implementations of the API using different scripting languages, and a generally easier way to modify code.
The bottom line of what I'm asking is this: is it possible to have a method execute code contained in a stand alone file (contains only the code the method would execute), which may or may not be written in a language separate from Java, and if so, how would I go about doing this or what subjects should I research for this?
In closing, I apologize if this is not an acceptable question to ask on this forum or I have not stated my question clearly enough. | 2012/03/04 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/9552105",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1054857/"
] | I think this is not the way to go, if you want to offer customization to your library, interfaces and abstract classes are your best bet. Implementing wrappers for other languages will be very inefficient and probably relatively slow, not even starting with the complexity it add to your code. How are you going to pass arguments? Receive return values? Manage exceptions in case of run-time or syntax errors?
Of course it all possible, but as a developer, I would never use an API that works like you described. | Normally I'd suggest one of the following methods:
* Define an **interface** that the custom code needs to implement
* Provide a (possible abstract) **base class** that custom code can extend via inheritance
Which of these you choose is up to you, typically base classes are a bit easier for people to use (since they only need to override the specific methods they want to change), whereas interfaces give you better abstraction and can be a bit more flexible / maintainable in the long run.
If these solutions don't suit you, then you can always make your project **open source** - then people who have a better implementation can contribute their improvements back to the main code base.
If you really want to allow extension in another langauge then I still think that interfaces / base classes are the way to go: many other JVM languages allow you to extend a Java class or implement an interface. Then you leave it up to the user to generate whatever code they like. |
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