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122,192 | In the document model for a rich messaging experience, my internal model is a hierarchy of Scenes and Nodes on them, with attached *Triggers* that invoke *Actions*.
I'm exposing that hierarchy in a tree-like editor.
It occurred to me that using the word *Trigger* out there in the hierarchy may bother some people.
For now, I'm trying *Senses* as an alternative.
So instead of a noun-oriented Trigger: Touch, Trigger: Property Change I now have Senses Touch, Senses Property Change.
I couldn't find general advice on sensitive words, are there any word lists I can review in the same way you would review accessibility guidelines? | 2018/11/16 | [
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/122192",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/users/23228/"
] | I'm going to say no, there's not a catch-all, universal list of 'words to avoid'. A lot really depends on context. One person's trigger is another's completely serviceable, innocuous verb.
If you're gut's telling you not to use a term, then use a different one. There are plenty of synonyms for 'trigger'. | There can't be a list of words to ban in all circumstances. General context changes the meaning of a word, sensitivity depends on your audience, etc.
Ideally, you should test the functionality with different words with a number of potential user to see which word is the easiest to understand and the least problematic. |
122,192 | In the document model for a rich messaging experience, my internal model is a hierarchy of Scenes and Nodes on them, with attached *Triggers* that invoke *Actions*.
I'm exposing that hierarchy in a tree-like editor.
It occurred to me that using the word *Trigger* out there in the hierarchy may bother some people.
For now, I'm trying *Senses* as an alternative.
So instead of a noun-oriented Trigger: Touch, Trigger: Property Change I now have Senses Touch, Senses Property Change.
I couldn't find general advice on sensitive words, are there any word lists I can review in the same way you would review accessibility guidelines? | 2018/11/16 | [
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/122192",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/users/23228/"
] | **Yes, the word "trigger" should be avoided.**
It's a totally loaded word now. Like the word snowflake, it has a new primary meaning to a major portion of users. A meaning very different and very profound tied to politics, sexism, racism, etc.
Once people adopt a word like this in this way, it makes no sense to use the word unless you're fighting its abuse. | There can't be a list of words to ban in all circumstances. General context changes the meaning of a word, sensitivity depends on your audience, etc.
Ideally, you should test the functionality with different words with a number of potential user to see which word is the easiest to understand and the least problematic. |
19,593 | Magnetic core, the primary form of computer memory from the mid-fifties to the early seventies or thereabouts, had the slightly awkward property that reading it erased it, so every time the CPU performed a read, it had to spend an extra few microseconds writing back the word it just read.
It just occurred to me that you should be able to make such a computer more efficient by providing a variant instruction, read-and-erase, whose architectural specification would be 'read a word from memory into a register, and erase the memory location just read', and whose implementation would be 'read, and don't bother writing back'. It only occasionally happens in real code that you want to read a memory location and set it to zero, but it quite often happens that you don't care, you know the value in that memory location will only be used once, so it would be nice to save a few microseconds by skipping the writeback.
Did any computers of that era, provide such a variant instruction? If not, why not? Is there any disadvantage I am missing? | 2021/04/13 | [
"https://retrocomputing.stackexchange.com/questions/19593",
"https://retrocomputing.stackexchange.com",
"https://retrocomputing.stackexchange.com/users/4274/"
] | Yes. Sort of.
The KDF9 had an accumulator stack (the 'nesting store' or nest) which was mostly made of fast (1µs read, 1.5µs write) core - the top 3 elements were in fast registers, with 16 words of core underneath.
Arithmetic was done on the top elements of the nest, popping off operands and pushing the result in the usual manner. Though the top cells were in fast registers, any addition/removal there implied a change in the core part of the nest. This did not physically move contents up and down the stack, of course - a register tracked logical top of stack.
Once a word was popped off the core stack, the core location that had held that word was no longer accessible, so it did not matter if it had been erased by the read. There was no write-back cycle for the nest.
In fact, the erase was essential, since a push or'd the new content into the core location (\*1). Unused nest locations must therefore be zero.
See section 4.2 in [*The Hardware of the KDF9*](http://www.findlayw.plus.com/KDF9/The%20Hardware%20of%20the%20KDF9.pdf), by Bill Findlay.
So - implicitly, all operations on the nest were of the read-and-erase kind.
There was a separate return-address stack, the SJNS or Subroutine Jump Nesting Store, which likely did the same thing.
---
(\*1) Core store writes normally do a read cycle first, to zero the location, followed by a write to flip the magnetization direction of the bits that are to be set to 1 (effectively or'ing the new data into the word of zeroes). The read cycle was omitted for pushes onto the nest. That is, there are two complementary performance enhancements in the KDF9 nest. By omitting the write cycle on a pop, the cell is left clear, so you can then omit the read cycle on a push. | >
> Did any computers of that era, provide such a variant instruction?
>
>
>
Kind of, the /360 (1964) implemented a Test and Set (TS) instruction for process synchronisation. A byte addressed was read, tested for zero/not zero (\*1) and written back with all bits set (X'FF'). This write back was done not by the CPU in a follow up write access, but by the memory interface as part of the Read/Refresh cycle, thus guaranteed being as atomic as it ever can get (\*2)
>
> Is there any disadvantage I am missing?
>
>
>
Not writing back is a bad idea as it leaves memory in an undefined state - a classic source for program errors to hit. Also, any way to do so would need the write back being an active action from the CPU. Something maybe inherent on small/slow machines, designed to save money. On any computer that is about performance the refresh cycle would be done by the memory controller, independent of the CPU.
---
Nice modern fact, even though the /370 added a way more capable Compare and Swap (CS) instruction, which way more handy for managing linked lists in a multi-process(or) system, [TS still performs better](https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/ztpf/2020?topic=configuration-test-set-instruction) on even the newest zSeries machines - exactly due the way that the change is quite local, needs less resources and can be done without waiting for the CPU.
---
\*1 - While I think that the whole byte that was tested - at least that's the way I always used it, it might as well be only the high bit - or at least only on some machines.
\*2 - This has already [been mentioned](https://retrocomputing.stackexchange.com/questions/11937/how-was-concurrent-programming-achieved-on-the-pdp-10/11939#11939) in relation to synchronisation instructions. |
173,353 | My passport will expire soon and to get a new one I must go back to my home country, which I plan to do in few months. I have a valid Visa until 2023.
I would like to travel within the US before going back to my home country, but my only US ID would be the expired passport (I don't have a US driving license).
Will I be able to board domestic flights?
I have searched online and most results (including [the official TSA website](https://www.tsa.gov/blog/2018/08/02/four-tips-remember-when-checking-your-id-airport-security)) say that it **should not** be a problem. Few say it **may** be a problem if the expired passport is my only ID. I cannot find a clear answer that does not say **may / should**.
**UPDATE**
I was able to travel with my expired passport. The TSA agent said it was not a problem since it was expired for less than 1 year. | 2022/04/28 | [
"https://travel.stackexchange.com/questions/173353",
"https://travel.stackexchange.com",
"https://travel.stackexchange.com/users/127964/"
] | >
> My passport will expire soon and to get a new one I must go back to my home country, which I plan to do in few months. I have a valid Visa until 2023.
> I would like to travel within the US before going back to my home country
>
>
>
Are you sure of this? Most countries issue passports to their citizens at consulates and embassies. (Of course, depending on the country and your place of residence, it may be more convenient to go abroad than to go to a consulate in the US.)
>
> I have searched online and most results (including the official TSA website) say that it should not be a problem. Few say it may be a problem is the expired passport is my only ID. I cannot find a definite answer that does not say maybe / may / should.
>
>
>
I once traveled on a domestic flight with someone who had forgotten her foreign passport. She lived in the US but had no other form of ID on the official list. She did have a foreign driver's license, which they didn't look at at all, a photo ID from her employer, and a few credit cards and bank cards. They looked at these and asked a few questions -- the "personal questions" mentioned on the page, I assume -- which essentially consisted of verifying data from her credit report (former addresses, for example).
From this experience, I infer that you will probably be able to fly with your expired passport, but there may be a slightly higher risk (if still extremely small) of not clearing the security checkpoint. Clearing the checkpoint will certainly take somewhat longer, however, and will potentially be more stressful, especially if the agent or agents verifying your identity are unfamiliar with the procedure or are for some other reason inclined to be confrontational. | One option is that the emergency travel document that your country's consulate can issue you would probably suffice as ID for airport security checkpoints. However, the emergency travel document probably has short validity, and the consulate would probably not issue it unless you are traveling to your country very soon. |
9,487 | In the various listings I can find online, this move is described as "spear hand". But as I've seen it taught, it also involves moving the left hand downward with the palm facing the ground before the right hand "spears" over the top of it.
This is, of course, different than I've seen spearhand taught during drills, where only the striking hand itself is moving forward, there is no accompanying block of any sort.
Is it best to think of these as two discrete techniques performed simultaneously, or is it a single technique involving both arms? If it is two techniques together, which block is being performed?
At the school I've observed at, this technique(s) is named "kwan soo" when it is named at all. I am unsure if it refers only to the striking hand or to both. | 2019/10/21 | [
"https://martialarts.stackexchange.com/questions/9487",
"https://martialarts.stackexchange.com",
"https://martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/10157/"
] | It's important to realize where these forms came from and what the original purpose was. ITF Taekwondo forms are known affectionately as the "blender" forms, because they take fragments of shotokan karate kata consisting of 1 to 3 moves and rearrange them into the various hyung of ITF Taekwondo. The origin of Taekwondo forms is, therefore, shotokan karate kata, with some stylization that's unique to Taekwondo.
Now, Shotokan karate kata come from Okinawan karate kata. And Okinawan karate kata are done for a reason. There's a self-defense purpose for each movement in their kata. Okinawan karate calls this "bunkai", which is their word for the analysis of kata for their self-defense applications. But that purpose has been mostly lost in transmission to Shotokan karate. And so it is also completely lost in transmission to Taekwondo.
You can read more about this in my explanations in the following links:
[Why is more time dedicated to exercises and very less for sparring? Is it for the fee?](https://martialarts.stackexchange.com/questions/7006/why-is-more-time-dedicated-to-exercises-and-very-less-for-sparring-is-it-for-th/7007#7007)
[Why do we teach unrealistic bunkai?](https://martialarts.stackexchange.com/questions/8373/why-do-we-teach-unrealistic-bunkai/8374#8374)
Read those links first. And then continue reading here...
So then, the spear-hand technique has a self-defense purpose originating in Okinawan karate.
To answer your question: **We need to know what that original purpose was.** Then you'll know whether the first part (the looping block with palm facing downward) should come first or as the spear-hand thrust is being executed, or not at all.
Were you taught that the spear-hand thrust was a strike to the gut or solar-plexus with the finger tips? Were you taught that if you got really good, this was penetrating the flesh so that you could maybe rip out their intestines? That was the interpretation that I was actually taught in my ITF Taekwondo school (and I have a black belt in it).
If you use the spear-hand thrust on someone intending to penetrate their abdomen, your fingers will break, and the worst your opponent is going to get is a little bruising, or maybe a scratch. Don't even think of using it that way. No, it's not the fact that you just haven't gotten good enough at it. This technique simply should not be used that way, because that was never its original purpose.
So what is actually going on with the spear-hand thrust?
The first part of the technique involves taking your left hand and looping it out and then in, ending with it bent at the elbow and palm facing down.
The second part is stepping forward into a right leg forward front stance, while doing the spear-hand thrust with the right hand over the top of the left hand which just stays where it was.
The first part has a purpose. It's to snake your arm around your opponent's arm, creating a standing arm-bar. The effect is to create what's known as a "**chicken wing arm-bar**". Your left palm will apply downward pressure while you trap his lower forearm in the crook of your left elbow. The effect is to bend him over forward.
Then the second part is the spear-hand thrust. That is actually striking with the knife-edge side of the right hand against your opponent's neck where it meets the base of the skull. **The effect is a knock-out and possibly a neck break.**
**Note that you are not attacking your opponent with your finger tips.** That would just break your fingers. Don't do that! It's an attack with the base part of your knife-hand. Your fingers will thank you. :)
The fact that your right knee is now right below your opponent's head gives you an opportunity to shove his head into it, or raise your knee directly up to strike his head. You can easily grab his head with your spear-hand, pushing his head down, while pulling up on your chicken wing arm-bar to provide extra leverage. This allows you to lock his head in place and keep pressure on it to allow you to do a knee strike to his face.
For visualization, see the chicken-wing arm-bar in this video at 1:10:
<https://youtu.be/JqHYUPK5z0Q?t=70>
Notice in the video, you lead into it by circling your arm from the inside to the outside, raising up over your opponent's arm, and then back down and to the inside, hooking your opponent's arm. It ends with your palm facing down and your elbow is bent at a 90 degree angle. Your opponent's arm is trapped. **This is the same exact motion of the spear-hand thrust's first step.**
Notice also in the video, the opponent will naturally bend forward. See where the back of his head is? Notice how easy it is to attack it? That's the spear-hand technique's primary target.
Alternatively, you can think of the spear-hand thrust as a grab instead. You're reaching forward for something. The grab can happen after the strike to the back of the head, or instead of it. If you continue to think of the first part as a chicken wing arm-bar, then the reach forward might be to grab the hair at the back of the head, the throat, or the forehead of your opponent. Some interpretations could make this into a rear-naked-choke, instead, while moving the chicken-wing hold to his back. There's the possibility of turning it into a guillotine choke as well. There's the knee to the head strike as well. Plenty of possibilities here.
So there you have it. Now you know what this technique's original purpose was. And with that, you can now answer how you should do it. First, you should not do both parts of the technique all at once. You definitely need to do the first part first, then step forward, then do your spear-hand thrust last. Second, you now know that you can't just spear-hand thrust without doing the first part, because you need your opponent bent over before you can do that spear-hand thrust to the back of his head.
Hope that helps. | I, too, was taught the strange stab into the belly, which could then be used to rip out the spleen, kidney, or whatever else you might find in the gut. And for a long time, I never thought to ask what if the guy is wearing a leather jacket. And so, for years, we practiced the spearheand - always in the air, never against a target.
I do agree with Steve Weigand's explanation, there are grappling applications for the spearhand. I'm not sure the other hand's position is easily explained; however, that doesn't discount the grappling application.
So I will offer another explanation that does take the other hand into consideration.
Take a look at [this](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DM9XKVAX1TQ) video. In it, Chiba demonstrates iriminage, which is a throw by entering into your opponent's space. If you look real closely, you'll see Chiba, at :52 is throwing his opponent. Look at the "spearhand". And note where his other hand is: he's guiding his opponent, just like in the form!
Of course, a huge difference in this throw and the spearhand in most TKD forms that use a spearhand is that the thumb is up. But Chiba's thumb is down - a very important, but subtle difference. With the thumb down, that allows the arm to roll into the opponent. Keeping the thumb up, per the TKD form, allows the opponent to more easily roll out of the technique before the throw is applied - an escape or reversal. So to mitigate that, we throw with the thumb down.
But there are viable applications where the thumb can be up (and the other arm still in place per the many TKD spearhands in many of the forms).
Take a look at a completely different kind of throw [here](https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=jujinage). In this throw, Yamada is performing a cross-throw, or X throw - jujinage. It is also an entering throw, but note that the thumb is upwards - and the other hand is used to effect the X in the throw.
More subtle observations:
When you issue a strike in TKD, note it's almost always via a fist. And half our blocks are done with a fist, and others are done with an open hand. What's up with that?
Well again, not all is as they appear. A "fist" has many representations. Of course, you can punch. But why do we block with a fist, and then not even use the fist as part of the block (eg, momtong makki, a middle block, where the "blocking" surface is just below the fist).
The answer is that many of our techniques - strikes and blocks - are grappling maneuvers. A fist usually is representative of grabbing something, whereas an open hand (knifehand, or sonnal makki) is not grabbing anything.
So the spearhand is not a fist - it's an open hand. And if you look at the two videos, you'll note there's no closed fist - nothing to grab!
You didn't ask, but there's more. Note the stances. Have you ever thrown a spearhand with the opposite foot forward? Probably not. There's a reason for that. In these two throws, you are inserting yourself into your opponent's space - especially the jujinage/x-throw. And when you do that, your opponent is on one side of you or the other.
In Chiba, at :53, note his right foot is forward, and he's using his right hand (thumb down). In Yamada, at about :10, you see his left foot forward and he's using his left hand for the primary throw. Also note these two throws are "entering" throws: the opponent is more or less in front, and is being turned back to the direction from whence they came. Although not a strict rule here, it's more of a guideline, but the stance to use for entering throws is always a front stance.
And a front stance, with its stability, and the foot alongside the opponent, allows to assist in a trip or sweep, and offers more stability for the thrower (the issuer of the spearhand). That's why spearhands are almost always thrown with the same foot forward: stability, control of the opponent, and to better effect a sweep or trip. Try doing these throws with the other foot forward, and you will feel much less stable, and an opponent on his way to the ground can more easily pull you down with him if he gets ahold of you or your clothing. This is much harder to do with same hand/same foot forward.
But wait! There's more!
Note that in Do-San, after you issue the spearhand, you do that funky turn with the hand behind your back. What's that all about?
That's a handshake throw (aka wrist throw... this has many names). IMHO, this is a parlour trick - something fun to show the kids or at parties. I've never really seen it used IRL, although all of the principals are there. But [here](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cSfvIraXICs) is the throw. Note that you are engaged in the handshake, your turn is the throw. One thing that should be glaring at you is that in this video, defender is extending the same hand as you do in Do-San, but he's turning in the opposite direction. There are several variants to the handshake throw, and this is just one of them. [This](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tZdREznibnU) video shows a few others. |
9,487 | In the various listings I can find online, this move is described as "spear hand". But as I've seen it taught, it also involves moving the left hand downward with the palm facing the ground before the right hand "spears" over the top of it.
This is, of course, different than I've seen spearhand taught during drills, where only the striking hand itself is moving forward, there is no accompanying block of any sort.
Is it best to think of these as two discrete techniques performed simultaneously, or is it a single technique involving both arms? If it is two techniques together, which block is being performed?
At the school I've observed at, this technique(s) is named "kwan soo" when it is named at all. I am unsure if it refers only to the striking hand or to both. | 2019/10/21 | [
"https://martialarts.stackexchange.com/questions/9487",
"https://martialarts.stackexchange.com",
"https://martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/10157/"
] | It's important to realize where these forms came from and what the original purpose was. ITF Taekwondo forms are known affectionately as the "blender" forms, because they take fragments of shotokan karate kata consisting of 1 to 3 moves and rearrange them into the various hyung of ITF Taekwondo. The origin of Taekwondo forms is, therefore, shotokan karate kata, with some stylization that's unique to Taekwondo.
Now, Shotokan karate kata come from Okinawan karate kata. And Okinawan karate kata are done for a reason. There's a self-defense purpose for each movement in their kata. Okinawan karate calls this "bunkai", which is their word for the analysis of kata for their self-defense applications. But that purpose has been mostly lost in transmission to Shotokan karate. And so it is also completely lost in transmission to Taekwondo.
You can read more about this in my explanations in the following links:
[Why is more time dedicated to exercises and very less for sparring? Is it for the fee?](https://martialarts.stackexchange.com/questions/7006/why-is-more-time-dedicated-to-exercises-and-very-less-for-sparring-is-it-for-th/7007#7007)
[Why do we teach unrealistic bunkai?](https://martialarts.stackexchange.com/questions/8373/why-do-we-teach-unrealistic-bunkai/8374#8374)
Read those links first. And then continue reading here...
So then, the spear-hand technique has a self-defense purpose originating in Okinawan karate.
To answer your question: **We need to know what that original purpose was.** Then you'll know whether the first part (the looping block with palm facing downward) should come first or as the spear-hand thrust is being executed, or not at all.
Were you taught that the spear-hand thrust was a strike to the gut or solar-plexus with the finger tips? Were you taught that if you got really good, this was penetrating the flesh so that you could maybe rip out their intestines? That was the interpretation that I was actually taught in my ITF Taekwondo school (and I have a black belt in it).
If you use the spear-hand thrust on someone intending to penetrate their abdomen, your fingers will break, and the worst your opponent is going to get is a little bruising, or maybe a scratch. Don't even think of using it that way. No, it's not the fact that you just haven't gotten good enough at it. This technique simply should not be used that way, because that was never its original purpose.
So what is actually going on with the spear-hand thrust?
The first part of the technique involves taking your left hand and looping it out and then in, ending with it bent at the elbow and palm facing down.
The second part is stepping forward into a right leg forward front stance, while doing the spear-hand thrust with the right hand over the top of the left hand which just stays where it was.
The first part has a purpose. It's to snake your arm around your opponent's arm, creating a standing arm-bar. The effect is to create what's known as a "**chicken wing arm-bar**". Your left palm will apply downward pressure while you trap his lower forearm in the crook of your left elbow. The effect is to bend him over forward.
Then the second part is the spear-hand thrust. That is actually striking with the knife-edge side of the right hand against your opponent's neck where it meets the base of the skull. **The effect is a knock-out and possibly a neck break.**
**Note that you are not attacking your opponent with your finger tips.** That would just break your fingers. Don't do that! It's an attack with the base part of your knife-hand. Your fingers will thank you. :)
The fact that your right knee is now right below your opponent's head gives you an opportunity to shove his head into it, or raise your knee directly up to strike his head. You can easily grab his head with your spear-hand, pushing his head down, while pulling up on your chicken wing arm-bar to provide extra leverage. This allows you to lock his head in place and keep pressure on it to allow you to do a knee strike to his face.
For visualization, see the chicken-wing arm-bar in this video at 1:10:
<https://youtu.be/JqHYUPK5z0Q?t=70>
Notice in the video, you lead into it by circling your arm from the inside to the outside, raising up over your opponent's arm, and then back down and to the inside, hooking your opponent's arm. It ends with your palm facing down and your elbow is bent at a 90 degree angle. Your opponent's arm is trapped. **This is the same exact motion of the spear-hand thrust's first step.**
Notice also in the video, the opponent will naturally bend forward. See where the back of his head is? Notice how easy it is to attack it? That's the spear-hand technique's primary target.
Alternatively, you can think of the spear-hand thrust as a grab instead. You're reaching forward for something. The grab can happen after the strike to the back of the head, or instead of it. If you continue to think of the first part as a chicken wing arm-bar, then the reach forward might be to grab the hair at the back of the head, the throat, or the forehead of your opponent. Some interpretations could make this into a rear-naked-choke, instead, while moving the chicken-wing hold to his back. There's the possibility of turning it into a guillotine choke as well. There's the knee to the head strike as well. Plenty of possibilities here.
So there you have it. Now you know what this technique's original purpose was. And with that, you can now answer how you should do it. First, you should not do both parts of the technique all at once. You definitely need to do the first part first, then step forward, then do your spear-hand thrust last. Second, you now know that you can't just spear-hand thrust without doing the first part, because you need your opponent bent over before you can do that spear-hand thrust to the back of his head.
Hope that helps. | There is a much simpler answer to this question.
The left hand is trapping: pulling down his guard, or redirecting his arm. The right hand is indeed striking with the fingertips, but to the throat or eyes, where it will do some damage.
The solar plexus target comes from Funakoshi's *Karate do Kyohan*. There are several places in that book where he gives unrealistic applications or targets for techniques, I believe in order to disguise the damaging techniques karate actually teaches. Fingertip stabs to the throat and eyes are completely mainstream in CMA ... Bruce Lee used them all the time. |
9,487 | In the various listings I can find online, this move is described as "spear hand". But as I've seen it taught, it also involves moving the left hand downward with the palm facing the ground before the right hand "spears" over the top of it.
This is, of course, different than I've seen spearhand taught during drills, where only the striking hand itself is moving forward, there is no accompanying block of any sort.
Is it best to think of these as two discrete techniques performed simultaneously, or is it a single technique involving both arms? If it is two techniques together, which block is being performed?
At the school I've observed at, this technique(s) is named "kwan soo" when it is named at all. I am unsure if it refers only to the striking hand or to both. | 2019/10/21 | [
"https://martialarts.stackexchange.com/questions/9487",
"https://martialarts.stackexchange.com",
"https://martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/10157/"
] | I, too, was taught the strange stab into the belly, which could then be used to rip out the spleen, kidney, or whatever else you might find in the gut. And for a long time, I never thought to ask what if the guy is wearing a leather jacket. And so, for years, we practiced the spearheand - always in the air, never against a target.
I do agree with Steve Weigand's explanation, there are grappling applications for the spearhand. I'm not sure the other hand's position is easily explained; however, that doesn't discount the grappling application.
So I will offer another explanation that does take the other hand into consideration.
Take a look at [this](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DM9XKVAX1TQ) video. In it, Chiba demonstrates iriminage, which is a throw by entering into your opponent's space. If you look real closely, you'll see Chiba, at :52 is throwing his opponent. Look at the "spearhand". And note where his other hand is: he's guiding his opponent, just like in the form!
Of course, a huge difference in this throw and the spearhand in most TKD forms that use a spearhand is that the thumb is up. But Chiba's thumb is down - a very important, but subtle difference. With the thumb down, that allows the arm to roll into the opponent. Keeping the thumb up, per the TKD form, allows the opponent to more easily roll out of the technique before the throw is applied - an escape or reversal. So to mitigate that, we throw with the thumb down.
But there are viable applications where the thumb can be up (and the other arm still in place per the many TKD spearhands in many of the forms).
Take a look at a completely different kind of throw [here](https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=jujinage). In this throw, Yamada is performing a cross-throw, or X throw - jujinage. It is also an entering throw, but note that the thumb is upwards - and the other hand is used to effect the X in the throw.
More subtle observations:
When you issue a strike in TKD, note it's almost always via a fist. And half our blocks are done with a fist, and others are done with an open hand. What's up with that?
Well again, not all is as they appear. A "fist" has many representations. Of course, you can punch. But why do we block with a fist, and then not even use the fist as part of the block (eg, momtong makki, a middle block, where the "blocking" surface is just below the fist).
The answer is that many of our techniques - strikes and blocks - are grappling maneuvers. A fist usually is representative of grabbing something, whereas an open hand (knifehand, or sonnal makki) is not grabbing anything.
So the spearhand is not a fist - it's an open hand. And if you look at the two videos, you'll note there's no closed fist - nothing to grab!
You didn't ask, but there's more. Note the stances. Have you ever thrown a spearhand with the opposite foot forward? Probably not. There's a reason for that. In these two throws, you are inserting yourself into your opponent's space - especially the jujinage/x-throw. And when you do that, your opponent is on one side of you or the other.
In Chiba, at :53, note his right foot is forward, and he's using his right hand (thumb down). In Yamada, at about :10, you see his left foot forward and he's using his left hand for the primary throw. Also note these two throws are "entering" throws: the opponent is more or less in front, and is being turned back to the direction from whence they came. Although not a strict rule here, it's more of a guideline, but the stance to use for entering throws is always a front stance.
And a front stance, with its stability, and the foot alongside the opponent, allows to assist in a trip or sweep, and offers more stability for the thrower (the issuer of the spearhand). That's why spearhands are almost always thrown with the same foot forward: stability, control of the opponent, and to better effect a sweep or trip. Try doing these throws with the other foot forward, and you will feel much less stable, and an opponent on his way to the ground can more easily pull you down with him if he gets ahold of you or your clothing. This is much harder to do with same hand/same foot forward.
But wait! There's more!
Note that in Do-San, after you issue the spearhand, you do that funky turn with the hand behind your back. What's that all about?
That's a handshake throw (aka wrist throw... this has many names). IMHO, this is a parlour trick - something fun to show the kids or at parties. I've never really seen it used IRL, although all of the principals are there. But [here](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cSfvIraXICs) is the throw. Note that you are engaged in the handshake, your turn is the throw. One thing that should be glaring at you is that in this video, defender is extending the same hand as you do in Do-San, but he's turning in the opposite direction. There are several variants to the handshake throw, and this is just one of them. [This](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tZdREznibnU) video shows a few others. | There is a much simpler answer to this question.
The left hand is trapping: pulling down his guard, or redirecting his arm. The right hand is indeed striking with the fingertips, but to the throat or eyes, where it will do some damage.
The solar plexus target comes from Funakoshi's *Karate do Kyohan*. There are several places in that book where he gives unrealistic applications or targets for techniques, I believe in order to disguise the damaging techniques karate actually teaches. Fingertip stabs to the throat and eyes are completely mainstream in CMA ... Bruce Lee used them all the time. |
19,869,236 | Wikipedia says A\* runs in O(|E|) where |E| is the number of edges in the graph. But my friend says A\* is just a general case of Dijkstra's algorithm, and Dijkstra's algorithm runs in O(|E| + |V| log |V|). So I am confused about why A\* runs faster than Dijkstra's algorithm. | 2013/11/08 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/19869236",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/2644137/"
] | I think the time complexity of A\* listed on Wikipedia is incorrect (or at least, it's misleading). That time complexity only seems to count the number of states expanded in the search, rather than the time required to determine which states to explore.
To be efficient, A\* search needs to store a priority queue containing what nodes in the fringe need to be explored and it has to be able to call decrease-key on those priorities. The runtime for this is, in the worst-case, O(n log n + m) if implemented using a good priority queue. Therefore, in the worst case, you'd expect A\* to degrade to Dijkstra's algorithm. Given a good heuristic, A\* will not expand out all the nodes and edges that Dijkstra's algorithm would, which is the main reason why A\* is faster.
Of course, the time complexity of A\* search needs to factor in the cost of computing the heuristic. Some complex heuristics might not be computable in time O(1), in which case the runtime for A\* could actually be *worse* than Dijkstra's algorithm.
Hope this helps! | Essentially A\* is faster because it can use heuristics to make more educated guesses about which route is the best to case, something which Dijkstra's algorithm does not do. |
144,551 | I've recently finished a MS in computer engineering and long term it's likely that I'll look into doing a PhD. One of the reasons I didnt do it straight away is that I dont really have a clue what I'd like to do it in. I enjoyed parts of EE, CE, applied mathematics, and CS.
Both to maybe look for what areas I'd most like and just for general knowledge, I'd like to buy a few textbooks and self study topics. However, I've got no clue what's... next?
Where can I find what's next, if that makes sense? Like, in undergrad, you take an intro circuits class, then Electronics 1 which introduces transistors, then Electronics 2 which has advanced amplifier circuits etc. It builds. I'm not sure what builds on what I've studied from here. I understand these topics "build" in undergrad in a cleaner, linear way since they're designed to, and now theres a plethora of options, but what are they? Where do I start looking?
By the end of my degree, I was just reading course descriptions and taking whatever sounded interesting/applicable to my thesis. This worked extremely well. Now that I'm graduated, however, I dont have easy access to up to date course listings. I've been reading random course listings at universities, but they're not helpful, and dont always list textbooks.
For reference, my favorite courses at the end of my degree were:
Digital signal processing, Dynamic optimization (optimal control), Linear systems theory, Intelligent systems, Compiler theory, and Nonlinear optimization
Let me know if this would fit better elsewhere. | 2020/02/22 | [
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/144551",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/users/81211/"
] | You can search university reading lists, e.g., [https://www.google.com/search?q="reading list"%20"applied mathematics"%20site:edu](https://www.google.com/search?q=%22reading%20list%22%20%22applied%20mathematics%22%20site:edu), replacing *applied mathematics* with phrases to hone in your search. | See the schools you are interested in, check out the descriptions of their MS/PhD programs. There you should see what graduate classes are offered. Their reading lists should give a starting point. |
482,217 | In the aftermath of the recent storms in the UK, one of my neighbours reported a flash and loud bang from his local transformer station, and the power briefly cut out.
After that, several households reported their appliances malfunctioning, including a hair-dryer getting dangerously hot, the smell of burning from sockets and boilers and Xboxes no longer working. The power company cut off power while they investigated and are now repairing/replacing everyone’s appliances at their expense.
So what would have caused this to happen? I can only imagine a spike in voltage as I understand that breakers and fuses blow on too much current, but I can’t believe there aren’t some safety mechanisms to prevent this from happening. | 2020/02/20 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/482217",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/131417/"
] | A broken neutral can cause serious over-voltages on an electricity supply.
UK supplies are usually three-phase and neutral, with approximately 415V between phases, and 240V between any one phase and neutral. The secondary of the substation is "star" wound, with the neutral being the common point. Most UK houses are supplied from one of the phases, plus the neutral.
If the neutral becomes disconnected at the transformer, then there is nothing to keep the phase-neutral voltage at 240V. Instead, it can drift wildly, depending on what appliances are plugged in in each house. The worst case is that one house may see the phase-neutral voltage collapsing to near 0V, while another sees anything up to 415V.
The houses are effectively connected in series between the phases, so the voltage varies with the resistances of whichever appliances are plugged in at the time. | Sounds like either a step down transformer failed and you all got a seriously high voltage and current spike, or it was a lightning strike on the power station.
In either case the surge would likely have shorted out insulation on things like motors. The voltage might well have jumped into the tens of kV briefly. However unlike "normal" surges this would have been accompanied by very high currents.
So, all the breakers fuses etc might well blow, but too late to save some bits of connected equipment.
You could try buying surge protectors, but domestic ones are only rated for quite low energy events. Sticking 10kV at a few hundred amps across it for more than a few milliseconds would have destroyed that as well. |
482,217 | In the aftermath of the recent storms in the UK, one of my neighbours reported a flash and loud bang from his local transformer station, and the power briefly cut out.
After that, several households reported their appliances malfunctioning, including a hair-dryer getting dangerously hot, the smell of burning from sockets and boilers and Xboxes no longer working. The power company cut off power while they investigated and are now repairing/replacing everyone’s appliances at their expense.
So what would have caused this to happen? I can only imagine a spike in voltage as I understand that breakers and fuses blow on too much current, but I can’t believe there aren’t some safety mechanisms to prevent this from happening. | 2020/02/20 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/482217",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/131417/"
] | We have a [HNQ question on that](https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/185036/why-is-my-voltage-dropping-with-load-and-why-is-current-flowing-on-my-ground-wir/185045#185045) right now over on diy.stackexchange.
That problem is a *little* different since that person gets 2 phases (hot-neutral-hot), and most UK homes get only one (hot-neutral). But your situation is **absolutely identical** to my own situation last year -- we're an outlier for the US, but our units get *single* phase just like you (of course, it's 120V), but our estate is served by split-phase (2 phases of 120V each). Half the flats are one one phase, the other half are on the other phase.
Split phase power is a line - 240V "long" with neutral in the middle. So it's very easy to see the behavior of a lost neutral; each phase is higher or lower than 120V, *but the dead giveaway is, they add up to 240V*.
We lost our neutral wire. So our flat was (tending to) see voltages go down to 80 volts, but simultaneously, half our neighbors were seeing 160 volts. So they blew a bunch of appliances. I figured this out because my storeroom is on the other "leg" so I was able to run over there and measure 145V. (uh oh!) Our voltage was lower because our "team" was in a tug of war: by pulling more current, we were pulling neutral closer to us, lowering our voltage and raising theirs.
It's your exact same situation with the "tug-of-war", except 3 teams instead of 2, and **your playfield is a triangle**. You occupy one corner of the triangle. The triangle is 416 volts on a side, with 240V to the dead center of the triangle. That dead center - neutral - has become un-pegged. If your team uses more current, you are pulling neutral toward your corner, raising voltage for the other teams. The highest possible voltage is 416V.
If the transformer is wired correctly, current will also try to return through your earthing system (the grounding electrode system in North American parlance) which will tend to pull neutral back toward the middle. That's how the linked question had less extreme voltage shifts than you might have expected, and why there was current moving on the grounding electrode. If your transformer's connection between its neutral and its earthing system is broken, that won't apply, and voltage shifts can run the full gamut clear up to 415V.
In the UK and the five continents which are not North America, most consumer power is wired so each flat gets neutral plus one of the three phases of power. | Sounds like either a step down transformer failed and you all got a seriously high voltage and current spike, or it was a lightning strike on the power station.
In either case the surge would likely have shorted out insulation on things like motors. The voltage might well have jumped into the tens of kV briefly. However unlike "normal" surges this would have been accompanied by very high currents.
So, all the breakers fuses etc might well blow, but too late to save some bits of connected equipment.
You could try buying surge protectors, but domestic ones are only rated for quite low energy events. Sticking 10kV at a few hundred amps across it for more than a few milliseconds would have destroyed that as well. |
482,217 | In the aftermath of the recent storms in the UK, one of my neighbours reported a flash and loud bang from his local transformer station, and the power briefly cut out.
After that, several households reported their appliances malfunctioning, including a hair-dryer getting dangerously hot, the smell of burning from sockets and boilers and Xboxes no longer working. The power company cut off power while they investigated and are now repairing/replacing everyone’s appliances at their expense.
So what would have caused this to happen? I can only imagine a spike in voltage as I understand that breakers and fuses blow on too much current, but I can’t believe there aren’t some safety mechanisms to prevent this from happening. | 2020/02/20 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/482217",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/131417/"
] | A broken neutral can cause serious over-voltages on an electricity supply.
UK supplies are usually three-phase and neutral, with approximately 415V between phases, and 240V between any one phase and neutral. The secondary of the substation is "star" wound, with the neutral being the common point. Most UK houses are supplied from one of the phases, plus the neutral.
If the neutral becomes disconnected at the transformer, then there is nothing to keep the phase-neutral voltage at 240V. Instead, it can drift wildly, depending on what appliances are plugged in in each house. The worst case is that one house may see the phase-neutral voltage collapsing to near 0V, while another sees anything up to 415V.
The houses are effectively connected in series between the phases, so the voltage varies with the resistances of whichever appliances are plugged in at the time. | We have a [HNQ question on that](https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/185036/why-is-my-voltage-dropping-with-load-and-why-is-current-flowing-on-my-ground-wir/185045#185045) right now over on diy.stackexchange.
That problem is a *little* different since that person gets 2 phases (hot-neutral-hot), and most UK homes get only one (hot-neutral). But your situation is **absolutely identical** to my own situation last year -- we're an outlier for the US, but our units get *single* phase just like you (of course, it's 120V), but our estate is served by split-phase (2 phases of 120V each). Half the flats are one one phase, the other half are on the other phase.
Split phase power is a line - 240V "long" with neutral in the middle. So it's very easy to see the behavior of a lost neutral; each phase is higher or lower than 120V, *but the dead giveaway is, they add up to 240V*.
We lost our neutral wire. So our flat was (tending to) see voltages go down to 80 volts, but simultaneously, half our neighbors were seeing 160 volts. So they blew a bunch of appliances. I figured this out because my storeroom is on the other "leg" so I was able to run over there and measure 145V. (uh oh!) Our voltage was lower because our "team" was in a tug of war: by pulling more current, we were pulling neutral closer to us, lowering our voltage and raising theirs.
It's your exact same situation with the "tug-of-war", except 3 teams instead of 2, and **your playfield is a triangle**. You occupy one corner of the triangle. The triangle is 416 volts on a side, with 240V to the dead center of the triangle. That dead center - neutral - has become un-pegged. If your team uses more current, you are pulling neutral toward your corner, raising voltage for the other teams. The highest possible voltage is 416V.
If the transformer is wired correctly, current will also try to return through your earthing system (the grounding electrode system in North American parlance) which will tend to pull neutral back toward the middle. That's how the linked question had less extreme voltage shifts than you might have expected, and why there was current moving on the grounding electrode. If your transformer's connection between its neutral and its earthing system is broken, that won't apply, and voltage shifts can run the full gamut clear up to 415V.
In the UK and the five continents which are not North America, most consumer power is wired so each flat gets neutral plus one of the three phases of power. |
6,689 | I use a chest freezer with a Brewpad heating element stuck to the inside wall (for warmer fermentations/bottle conditioning), and a single-stage Johnson controller. Since getting this, I haven't used the freezer's compressor to cool the chamber, only the heating element, as ambient temps in my basement have been in the low 60's, and I haven't done any lagers or overly cold fermentations (yet). I have my temp controller probe taped to the outside of an Ale Pail/carboy, insulated by scrap styrofoam. However, since we had a non-winter in Maryland and it is getting warmer, my basement is now right around 70 degrees.
I switched the jumpers on my controller to a 'cooling' setup ("cut-out at setpoint"). Just last night, I made an extract stout that I want to ferment at 67 degrees. After getting the temperature inside the chest to around 67, I taped the probe onto the fermenter and went to bed. checked this morning and both the ambient temp of the freezer and the fermenter read 67 degrees. However, I went home for lunch, and the ambient temp was down to 58 degrees (!), with the fermenter temp holding at 68. My question is, with huge swings like this, won't the ambient temp ultimately bring down the fermenter temp even if the controller is 'not trying to', when the walls of the freezer are cold from the compressor, and the chest is sealed shut and providing insulation?
I understand that fermentation (active signs this morning and this afternoon) can create some decent heat from the anaerobic reactions, but is there a way to control this to a greater extent, or does it matter?
My other question is how/if anyone manages moisture inside a chest freezer fermentation chamber set up. Even with minimal compressor activity, it has kicked up quite a bit of humidity inside.
Thanks! | 2012/03/22 | [
"https://homebrew.stackexchange.com/questions/6689",
"https://homebrew.stackexchange.com",
"https://homebrew.stackexchange.com/users/1870/"
] | You are doing the right thing. Ambient temperature (aka the air temperature inside the chest) can go low like this, but since the probe is taped to the fermentation vessel, and the controller is calling for chilling, then chilling is what is needed. The thermal mass of the chest walls, cooling tubes, freon, and the air in the chest all might be below your target temperature, but the beer also has a large thermal mass that takes a while to move. I think you will find that you will not overshoot below your setpoint very much, if at all.
As for the humidity, routing your blowoff tube outside the chest would help considerably, but requires drilling a hole where you won't hit any vital components. You may also use a Damp-Rid style product. The crystals can be dried in the oven and re-used. | Adding a computer fan inside my chest freezer really helped with the humidity issues. I use one of these [USB fans](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/B00080G0BK). It has a flat cable so it fits fine in the closed door with no need to drill a hole anywhere. Also they're much worse in the warmer months when there's more humidity in the air and haven't been a problem when it's cooler outside. In the summer I occasionally mop the bottom with a towel that I hold onto with a pair of long bbq tongs. Haven't needed the Damp Rid, though lots of people recommend it. Damp Rid is calcium chloride - it's non-reusable. You can get buckets of reusable desiccants like silica gel on industrial supply sites like [McMaster Carr](http://www.mcmaster.com/#standard-desiccants/=nkbqfu) or Amazon. |
73,757 | I was reading how a very small amount of people have perfect pitch and how it's very hard for adults to develop it.
So I was wondering if maybe there's a hack where I can only limit the notes to a scale and then instead of having to choose between 12 notes I could just limit the choices to the 7 notes of a scale.
Is it fairly easy to achieve that with enough practice? also, is it still called perfect pitch to do that or is it called relative pitch? | 2018/08/15 | [
"https://music.stackexchange.com/questions/73757",
"https://music.stackexchange.com",
"https://music.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | First, I should pass along that people who have more experience with perfect pitch than I do emphatically state that true perfect pitch (hearing a note and instantly knowing what pitch it is) cannot be learned as an adult. There may be agreement or disagreement, but that is what I'm told, and being in the field of music for years, I've never met anyone who's learned it as an adult.
Second, perfect pitch is not really necessary, and the only real benefit I can see between having absolute pitch and having 100% relative pitch is that perfect pitch makes a great party trick. It is just as useful to learn relative pitch (knowing all intervals and knowing all scale degrees by ear), and that *can* be learned. It sounds like the 7-note scale "hack" you're recommending is similar to learning scale degrees, which is extremely useful and doable.
Lastly, to qualify my statement, what you could learn is pitch *memory*. This is best learned by learning an intro/beginning of a song for each key and drilling yourself on it until you can hear it in that key in your head. Then when asked to sing a C, for instance, you play the beginning of your "C" song in your head, and you can hear and reproduce it. This is not true perfect pitch, and in my experience requires more work than it is useful. Also if you stop drilling the songs, your pitch memory will start to go -- it's not a one-and-done thing.
Bottom line, train yourself on relative pitch. I have completely accurate relative pitch, and I've never run across something that I absolutely needed perfect pitch to do.
Hope this helps! | Yes, it's conceivable that this could be a good training strategy. Start by trying to learn a limited range of pitches. Makes sense.
Of course, once you've got ONE pitch right, you're going to find it hard to seperate Perfect Pitch from Relative Pitch.
I suggest you don't worry too much about developing Perfect Pitch. Work on your Relative Pitch - recognising intervals from a known starting point rather than plucking notes out of thin air. It's 99% as musically useful.
A degree of Perfect Pitch will probably emerge. |
64,400 | I want to set "Formula" to all cells in certain column **whatever the number of rows was**.
**But i don't want to set this function to first cell "Header" of this column**.
How do i make it ?. | 2009/11/02 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/64400",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/15307/"
] | If your header is in cell A1 and your formulas need to start in A2 and go to the end, **start by selecting A2, press (and release) "End" then press "Shift+Down Arrow"**. Now everything from A2 to the end is selected and you can paste your formula. If you have no data in A2-A65535, you will select the entire range. If you have data, this will only select to the end of the list of data. | for example if you want to apply SIN(x) on a set of data in a row, in a vacant cell type:
=SIN("click on the first cell of the row")
then press "enter"
then grab the handle of this cell and draw it up to the last cell.
now you have a set of data in a row each cell of which is has the value of the SIN(the original cell) |
50,252 | I am designing a contact management system and have come across an interesting issue regarding modeling geographic locations in a consistent way. I would like to be able to record locations associated with a particular person (mailing address(es) for work, school, home, etc.) My thought is to create a table of locales such as the following:
**Locales (ID, LocationName, ParentID)** where autonomous locations (such as countries, e.g. USA) are parents of themselves. This way I can have an arbitrarily deep nesting of 'political units' (COUNTRY > STATE > CITY or COUNTRY > STATE > CITY > UNIVERSITY). Some queries will necessarily involve recursion.
I would appreciate any other recommendations or perhaps advice regarding predictable issues that I am likely to encounter with such a scheme. | 2008/09/08 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/50252",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/3927/"
] | I think you might be overthinking this. There's a reason most systems just store addresses and maybe a table of countries. Here are some things to look out for:
1. Would an address in the Bronx include the borough as a level in the hierarchy? Would an address in an unincorporated area eliminate the "city" level of the hierarchy? How do you model an address within a university vs an address that's not within one? You'll end up with a ragged hierarchy which will force you to traverse the tree every time you need to display an address in your application. If you have an "address book" page the performance hit could be significant.
2. I'm not sure that you even have just one hierarchy. Brown University has facilities in Providence, RI and Bristol, RI. The only clean solution would be to have a double hierarchy with two campuses that each belong to their respective cities in one hierarchy but that both belong to Brown University on the other hierarchy. (A university is fundamentally unlike a political region. You shouldn't really mix them.)
3. What about zip codes? Some zip codes encompass multiple towns, other times a city is broken into multiple zip codes. And (rarely) some zip codes even cross state lines. (According to Wikipedia, at least...)
4. How will you enter the data? Building out the database by parsing conventionally-formatted addresses can be difficult when you take into account vanity addresses, alternate names for certain streets, different international formats, etc. And I think that entering every address hierarchically would be a PITA.
5. It sounds like you're trying to model the entire world in your application. Do you really want or need to maintain a table that could conceivable contain every city, state, province, postal code, and country in the world? (Or at least every one where you know somebody?) The only thing I can think of that this scheme would buy you is proximity, but if that's what you want I'd just store state and country separately (and maybe the zip code) and add latitude and longitude data from Google.
Sorry for the extreme pessimism, but I've gone down that road myself. It's logically beautiful and elegant, but it doesn't work so well in practice. | I'm modeling an apps for global users and I have the same problems, but I think that this approach could already be in use in many enterprise. But why this problem don't have an universal solution? Or, has this problem one best solution that can be the start point or anybody in the world need think in a solution for it since beginnig?
In IT, we are making the same things any times and in many places, unfortunately. For exemplo, who are not have made more than one user, customer or product's database? And the worst, all enterprise in the world has made it. I think that could have universal solutions for universal problems. |
50,252 | I am designing a contact management system and have come across an interesting issue regarding modeling geographic locations in a consistent way. I would like to be able to record locations associated with a particular person (mailing address(es) for work, school, home, etc.) My thought is to create a table of locales such as the following:
**Locales (ID, LocationName, ParentID)** where autonomous locations (such as countries, e.g. USA) are parents of themselves. This way I can have an arbitrarily deep nesting of 'political units' (COUNTRY > STATE > CITY or COUNTRY > STATE > CITY > UNIVERSITY). Some queries will necessarily involve recursion.
I would appreciate any other recommendations or perhaps advice regarding predictable issues that I am likely to encounter with such a scheme. | 2008/09/08 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/50252",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/3927/"
] | I agree with the other posts that you need to be very careful here about your requirements. Location can become a tricky issue and this is why GIS systems are so complicted.
If you are sure you just need a basic heirarchy structure, I have the following suggestions:
* I support the previous comment that root level items should not have themselves as the parent. Root level items should have a null value for the parent. Always be careful about putting data into a field that has no meaning (i.e. "special" value to represent no data). This practice is rarely necessarily and **way** overused in the devleoper community.
* Consider XPath / XML. This is Something to consider for bother recording the heirarchy structure, and for processing / parsing the data at retrieval. If you are using MSSQL Server, the XPath expressions in select statements are perfect for tasks such as returning the full location/heirarchy path of a record as the code is simple and the results are fast. | I'm modeling an apps for global users and I have the same problems, but I think that this approach could already be in use in many enterprise. But why this problem don't have an universal solution? Or, has this problem one best solution that can be the start point or anybody in the world need think in a solution for it since beginnig?
In IT, we are making the same things any times and in many places, unfortunately. For exemplo, who are not have made more than one user, customer or product's database? And the worst, all enterprise in the world has made it. I think that could have universal solutions for universal problems. |
50,252 | I am designing a contact management system and have come across an interesting issue regarding modeling geographic locations in a consistent way. I would like to be able to record locations associated with a particular person (mailing address(es) for work, school, home, etc.) My thought is to create a table of locales such as the following:
**Locales (ID, LocationName, ParentID)** where autonomous locations (such as countries, e.g. USA) are parents of themselves. This way I can have an arbitrarily deep nesting of 'political units' (COUNTRY > STATE > CITY or COUNTRY > STATE > CITY > UNIVERSITY). Some queries will necessarily involve recursion.
I would appreciate any other recommendations or perhaps advice regarding predictable issues that I am likely to encounter with such a scheme. | 2008/09/08 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/50252",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/3927/"
] | I think you might be overthinking this. There's a reason most systems just store addresses and maybe a table of countries. Here are some things to look out for:
1. Would an address in the Bronx include the borough as a level in the hierarchy? Would an address in an unincorporated area eliminate the "city" level of the hierarchy? How do you model an address within a university vs an address that's not within one? You'll end up with a ragged hierarchy which will force you to traverse the tree every time you need to display an address in your application. If you have an "address book" page the performance hit could be significant.
2. I'm not sure that you even have just one hierarchy. Brown University has facilities in Providence, RI and Bristol, RI. The only clean solution would be to have a double hierarchy with two campuses that each belong to their respective cities in one hierarchy but that both belong to Brown University on the other hierarchy. (A university is fundamentally unlike a political region. You shouldn't really mix them.)
3. What about zip codes? Some zip codes encompass multiple towns, other times a city is broken into multiple zip codes. And (rarely) some zip codes even cross state lines. (According to Wikipedia, at least...)
4. How will you enter the data? Building out the database by parsing conventionally-formatted addresses can be difficult when you take into account vanity addresses, alternate names for certain streets, different international formats, etc. And I think that entering every address hierarchically would be a PITA.
5. It sounds like you're trying to model the entire world in your application. Do you really want or need to maintain a table that could conceivable contain every city, state, province, postal code, and country in the world? (Or at least every one where you know somebody?) The only thing I can think of that this scheme would buy you is proximity, but if that's what you want I'd just store state and country separately (and maybe the zip code) and add latitude and longitude data from Google.
Sorry for the extreme pessimism, but I've gone down that road myself. It's logically beautiful and elegant, but it doesn't work so well in practice. | For Geographic locations you may wish to resolve an address to a Latitude, Longitude array (perhaps using Google maps etc.) to calculate proximities etc.. For Geopolitical nesting ... I'd go with the KISS response.
If you really want to model it, perhaps you need the types to be more generic ... Country -> State -> County -> Borough -> Locality -> City -> Suburb -> Street or PO Box -> Number -> -> Appartment etc. -> Institution (University or Employer) -> Division -> Subdivision-1 -> subdivision-n ... Are you sure you can't do KISS? |
50,252 | I am designing a contact management system and have come across an interesting issue regarding modeling geographic locations in a consistent way. I would like to be able to record locations associated with a particular person (mailing address(es) for work, school, home, etc.) My thought is to create a table of locales such as the following:
**Locales (ID, LocationName, ParentID)** where autonomous locations (such as countries, e.g. USA) are parents of themselves. This way I can have an arbitrarily deep nesting of 'political units' (COUNTRY > STATE > CITY or COUNTRY > STATE > CITY > UNIVERSITY). Some queries will necessarily involve recursion.
I would appreciate any other recommendations or perhaps advice regarding predictable issues that I am likely to encounter with such a scheme. | 2008/09/08 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/50252",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/3927/"
] | Sounds like a good approach to me. The one thing that I'm not clear on when reading you post is what "parents of themselves" means - if this is to indicate that the locale does not have a parent, you're better off using null than the ID of itself. | Here's a suggestion for a pretty flexible schema. An immediate warning: it could be too flexible/complex for what you actually need
Location
(LocationID, LocationName)
-- Basic building block
LocationGroup
(LocationGroupID, LocationGroupName, ParentLocationGroupID)
-- This can effective encapsulate multiple hierarchies. You have one root node and then you can create multiple independent branches. E.g. you can split by state first and then create several sub-hierarchies e.g. ZIP/city/xxxx
LocationGroupLocation
(LocationID, LocationGroupID)
-- Here's how you link Location with one or more hierarchies. E.g. you can link your house to a ZIP, as well as a City... What you need to implement is a constraint that you should not be able to link up a location with any two hierarchies where one of them is a parent of the other (as the relationship is already implicit). |
50,252 | I am designing a contact management system and have come across an interesting issue regarding modeling geographic locations in a consistent way. I would like to be able to record locations associated with a particular person (mailing address(es) for work, school, home, etc.) My thought is to create a table of locales such as the following:
**Locales (ID, LocationName, ParentID)** where autonomous locations (such as countries, e.g. USA) are parents of themselves. This way I can have an arbitrarily deep nesting of 'political units' (COUNTRY > STATE > CITY or COUNTRY > STATE > CITY > UNIVERSITY). Some queries will necessarily involve recursion.
I would appreciate any other recommendations or perhaps advice regarding predictable issues that I am likely to encounter with such a scheme. | 2008/09/08 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/50252",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/3927/"
] | I would think carefully about this since it may not be a necessary feature.
Why not just use a text field and let users type in an address?
Remember the [KISS principle](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KISS_principle) (Keep It Simple, Stupid). | I'm modeling an apps for global users and I have the same problems, but I think that this approach could already be in use in many enterprise. But why this problem don't have an universal solution? Or, has this problem one best solution that can be the start point or anybody in the world need think in a solution for it since beginnig?
In IT, we are making the same things any times and in many places, unfortunately. For exemplo, who are not have made more than one user, customer or product's database? And the worst, all enterprise in the world has made it. I think that could have universal solutions for universal problems. |
50,252 | I am designing a contact management system and have come across an interesting issue regarding modeling geographic locations in a consistent way. I would like to be able to record locations associated with a particular person (mailing address(es) for work, school, home, etc.) My thought is to create a table of locales such as the following:
**Locales (ID, LocationName, ParentID)** where autonomous locations (such as countries, e.g. USA) are parents of themselves. This way I can have an arbitrarily deep nesting of 'political units' (COUNTRY > STATE > CITY or COUNTRY > STATE > CITY > UNIVERSITY). Some queries will necessarily involve recursion.
I would appreciate any other recommendations or perhaps advice regarding predictable issues that I am likely to encounter with such a scheme. | 2008/09/08 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/50252",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/3927/"
] | Here's a suggestion for a pretty flexible schema. An immediate warning: it could be too flexible/complex for what you actually need
Location
(LocationID, LocationName)
-- Basic building block
LocationGroup
(LocationGroupID, LocationGroupName, ParentLocationGroupID)
-- This can effective encapsulate multiple hierarchies. You have one root node and then you can create multiple independent branches. E.g. you can split by state first and then create several sub-hierarchies e.g. ZIP/city/xxxx
LocationGroupLocation
(LocationID, LocationGroupID)
-- Here's how you link Location with one or more hierarchies. E.g. you can link your house to a ZIP, as well as a City... What you need to implement is a constraint that you should not be able to link up a location with any two hierarchies where one of them is a parent of the other (as the relationship is already implicit). | For Geographic locations you may wish to resolve an address to a Latitude, Longitude array (perhaps using Google maps etc.) to calculate proximities etc.. For Geopolitical nesting ... I'd go with the KISS response.
If you really want to model it, perhaps you need the types to be more generic ... Country -> State -> County -> Borough -> Locality -> City -> Suburb -> Street or PO Box -> Number -> -> Appartment etc. -> Institution (University or Employer) -> Division -> Subdivision-1 -> subdivision-n ... Are you sure you can't do KISS? |
50,252 | I am designing a contact management system and have come across an interesting issue regarding modeling geographic locations in a consistent way. I would like to be able to record locations associated with a particular person (mailing address(es) for work, school, home, etc.) My thought is to create a table of locales such as the following:
**Locales (ID, LocationName, ParentID)** where autonomous locations (such as countries, e.g. USA) are parents of themselves. This way I can have an arbitrarily deep nesting of 'political units' (COUNTRY > STATE > CITY or COUNTRY > STATE > CITY > UNIVERSITY). Some queries will necessarily involve recursion.
I would appreciate any other recommendations or perhaps advice regarding predictable issues that I am likely to encounter with such a scheme. | 2008/09/08 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/50252",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/3927/"
] | You might want to have a look at Freebase.com as a site that's had some open discussion about what a "location" means and what it means when a location is included in another. These sorts of questions can generate a lot of discussion.
For example, there is the obvious "geographic nesting", but there are less obvious logical nestings. For example, in a strictly geographic sense, Vatican City is nested within Italy. But it's not nested politically. Similarly, if your user is located in a research center that belongs to a university, but isn't located on the University's property, do you model that relationship or not? | I would think carefully about this since it may not be a necessary feature.
Why not just use a text field and let users type in an address?
Remember the [KISS principle](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KISS_principle) (Keep It Simple, Stupid). |
50,252 | I am designing a contact management system and have come across an interesting issue regarding modeling geographic locations in a consistent way. I would like to be able to record locations associated with a particular person (mailing address(es) for work, school, home, etc.) My thought is to create a table of locales such as the following:
**Locales (ID, LocationName, ParentID)** where autonomous locations (such as countries, e.g. USA) are parents of themselves. This way I can have an arbitrarily deep nesting of 'political units' (COUNTRY > STATE > CITY or COUNTRY > STATE > CITY > UNIVERSITY). Some queries will necessarily involve recursion.
I would appreciate any other recommendations or perhaps advice regarding predictable issues that I am likely to encounter with such a scheme. | 2008/09/08 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/50252",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/3927/"
] | I think you might be overthinking this. There's a reason most systems just store addresses and maybe a table of countries. Here are some things to look out for:
1. Would an address in the Bronx include the borough as a level in the hierarchy? Would an address in an unincorporated area eliminate the "city" level of the hierarchy? How do you model an address within a university vs an address that's not within one? You'll end up with a ragged hierarchy which will force you to traverse the tree every time you need to display an address in your application. If you have an "address book" page the performance hit could be significant.
2. I'm not sure that you even have just one hierarchy. Brown University has facilities in Providence, RI and Bristol, RI. The only clean solution would be to have a double hierarchy with two campuses that each belong to their respective cities in one hierarchy but that both belong to Brown University on the other hierarchy. (A university is fundamentally unlike a political region. You shouldn't really mix them.)
3. What about zip codes? Some zip codes encompass multiple towns, other times a city is broken into multiple zip codes. And (rarely) some zip codes even cross state lines. (According to Wikipedia, at least...)
4. How will you enter the data? Building out the database by parsing conventionally-formatted addresses can be difficult when you take into account vanity addresses, alternate names for certain streets, different international formats, etc. And I think that entering every address hierarchically would be a PITA.
5. It sounds like you're trying to model the entire world in your application. Do you really want or need to maintain a table that could conceivable contain every city, state, province, postal code, and country in the world? (Or at least every one where you know somebody?) The only thing I can think of that this scheme would buy you is proximity, but if that's what you want I'd just store state and country separately (and maybe the zip code) and add latitude and longitude data from Google.
Sorry for the extreme pessimism, but I've gone down that road myself. It's logically beautiful and elegant, but it doesn't work so well in practice. | I agree with the other posts that you need to be very careful here about your requirements. Location can become a tricky issue and this is why GIS systems are so complicted.
If you are sure you just need a basic heirarchy structure, I have the following suggestions:
* I support the previous comment that root level items should not have themselves as the parent. Root level items should have a null value for the parent. Always be careful about putting data into a field that has no meaning (i.e. "special" value to represent no data). This practice is rarely necessarily and **way** overused in the devleoper community.
* Consider XPath / XML. This is Something to consider for bother recording the heirarchy structure, and for processing / parsing the data at retrieval. If you are using MSSQL Server, the XPath expressions in select statements are perfect for tasks such as returning the full location/heirarchy path of a record as the code is simple and the results are fast. |
50,252 | I am designing a contact management system and have come across an interesting issue regarding modeling geographic locations in a consistent way. I would like to be able to record locations associated with a particular person (mailing address(es) for work, school, home, etc.) My thought is to create a table of locales such as the following:
**Locales (ID, LocationName, ParentID)** where autonomous locations (such as countries, e.g. USA) are parents of themselves. This way I can have an arbitrarily deep nesting of 'political units' (COUNTRY > STATE > CITY or COUNTRY > STATE > CITY > UNIVERSITY). Some queries will necessarily involve recursion.
I would appreciate any other recommendations or perhaps advice regarding predictable issues that I am likely to encounter with such a scheme. | 2008/09/08 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/50252",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/3927/"
] | I would think carefully about this since it may not be a necessary feature.
Why not just use a text field and let users type in an address?
Remember the [KISS principle](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KISS_principle) (Keep It Simple, Stupid). | For Geographic locations you may wish to resolve an address to a Latitude, Longitude array (perhaps using Google maps etc.) to calculate proximities etc.. For Geopolitical nesting ... I'd go with the KISS response.
If you really want to model it, perhaps you need the types to be more generic ... Country -> State -> County -> Borough -> Locality -> City -> Suburb -> Street or PO Box -> Number -> -> Appartment etc. -> Institution (University or Employer) -> Division -> Subdivision-1 -> subdivision-n ... Are you sure you can't do KISS? |
50,252 | I am designing a contact management system and have come across an interesting issue regarding modeling geographic locations in a consistent way. I would like to be able to record locations associated with a particular person (mailing address(es) for work, school, home, etc.) My thought is to create a table of locales such as the following:
**Locales (ID, LocationName, ParentID)** where autonomous locations (such as countries, e.g. USA) are parents of themselves. This way I can have an arbitrarily deep nesting of 'political units' (COUNTRY > STATE > CITY or COUNTRY > STATE > CITY > UNIVERSITY). Some queries will necessarily involve recursion.
I would appreciate any other recommendations or perhaps advice regarding predictable issues that I am likely to encounter with such a scheme. | 2008/09/08 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/50252",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/3927/"
] | You might want to have a look at Freebase.com as a site that's had some open discussion about what a "location" means and what it means when a location is included in another. These sorts of questions can generate a lot of discussion.
For example, there is the obvious "geographic nesting", but there are less obvious logical nestings. For example, in a strictly geographic sense, Vatican City is nested within Italy. But it's not nested politically. Similarly, if your user is located in a research center that belongs to a university, but isn't located on the University's property, do you model that relationship or not? | I'm modeling an apps for global users and I have the same problems, but I think that this approach could already be in use in many enterprise. But why this problem don't have an universal solution? Or, has this problem one best solution that can be the start point or anybody in the world need think in a solution for it since beginnig?
In IT, we are making the same things any times and in many places, unfortunately. For exemplo, who are not have made more than one user, customer or product's database? And the worst, all enterprise in the world has made it. I think that could have universal solutions for universal problems. |
14,586 | So I see there are seeds in cucumbers. But they're always so soft that I don't notice them when I eat the cucumbers.
I'm assuming that means the seeds are just young and not ready to be collected yet (kind of like how watermelon seeds start soft then harden). So how do I know when the seeds are ready to take from the cucumbers and what do I need to do to collect and keep them? | 2014/11/10 | [
"https://gardening.stackexchange.com/questions/14586",
"https://gardening.stackexchange.com",
"https://gardening.stackexchange.com/users/2984/"
] | Pumkins, squash and cucumbers all are pretty easy to propagate by seed.
The important part is letting the fruit ripen thoroughly so the seeds finish formation.
So, you have to let one of your Zucchini or Cucumbers completely harden up (develop a rind) and change to full ripe color, ie leave it on the vine till the vine's nearing death. Winter Squash tend to be the least hassle for most people to save seeds from because you let them fully ripen for harvest anyway.
Cut it open, scoop out the seeds, wash them clean and set them out on paper towels to dry. You don't want them to remain damp, they will mold and rot.
Viable seeds will have a hull developed, semi hard because it's still damp which will dry out to form a tough seed case.
Store the seeds in a cool, dry place till next spring. | I have only done this for heirloom lemon cucumbers, but the idea is probably similar.
For one thing, leave the fruit on the plant longer so it matures more. The outer shell gets harder and goes different colors (at least on those - more orangey than white/yellow)
Then let it dry out in the house. Which won't happen (without rotting) if it's immature. |
14,586 | So I see there are seeds in cucumbers. But they're always so soft that I don't notice them when I eat the cucumbers.
I'm assuming that means the seeds are just young and not ready to be collected yet (kind of like how watermelon seeds start soft then harden). So how do I know when the seeds are ready to take from the cucumbers and what do I need to do to collect and keep them? | 2014/11/10 | [
"https://gardening.stackexchange.com/questions/14586",
"https://gardening.stackexchange.com",
"https://gardening.stackexchange.com/users/2984/"
] | Pumkins, squash and cucumbers all are pretty easy to propagate by seed.
The important part is letting the fruit ripen thoroughly so the seeds finish formation.
So, you have to let one of your Zucchini or Cucumbers completely harden up (develop a rind) and change to full ripe color, ie leave it on the vine till the vine's nearing death. Winter Squash tend to be the least hassle for most people to save seeds from because you let them fully ripen for harvest anyway.
Cut it open, scoop out the seeds, wash them clean and set them out on paper towels to dry. You don't want them to remain damp, they will mold and rot.
Viable seeds will have a hull developed, semi hard because it's still damp which will dry out to form a tough seed case.
Store the seeds in a cool, dry place till next spring. | Saving cucumber seeds is easy. Save them from what you would consider overipe fruits - that are yellow. Even using ones starting to dry out or rot is OK as long as the rot has not invaded the seed cavity.
If there is a lot of material on the seeds you can put them through a 'rot' or ferment period, as this will make them easier to separate. I usually add them to a bit of water in a resealable plastic bag or container with a cover, and wait a few days, then wash them, strain them, and dry on non-absorbent plates in a warm and airy place. If you live in a very humid place you may have to dry them in a place that is slightly warmer than ambient temps though don't heat too high or they will die (above 120F or so). You can also use silica gel to help bring down the moisture content. Store in a cool dry place. You can freeze them if dried to between 5 and 7 percent, and they will keep for years. Don't dry on paper or you will have seeds glued to paper. If the seeds are relatively clean you can skip the ferment. However the ferment will increase germination for some cultivars and it can eliminate some pathogens so some seed savers always do this.
**However**... You can not harvest seeds from cucumbers and expect them to be true, that is, the same as the parents, unless they are: **Grown in Isolation** and **Not Hybrid**
Almost all members of the Cucurbitaceae Family are prolific out-crossers. They are also monoecious, having separate male and female flowers on the same plant. Male flowers usually form first, then female flowers. Bees and other pollinators are very important and cross pollinate from plant to plant. Other cultivars (means cultivated variety, the scientific name for what most people call variety, but which botanical taxonomists use in a different manner) of the same species will easily pollinate another, in fact this is often more common given one cultivar may have more male flowers open and another more female flowers open. If this happens a hybrid is produced, but not one that you planned on.
With cucumbers you usually will get fairly edible fruits from the cross, though they will not have the same characteristics as the parents. Sometimes a characteristic that is really negative will come out like completely bitter fruit and these are useless.
So you either must grow them in isolation, which for cukes is 1/2 mile from another cultivar. I've found this excessive, and probably only necessary for commercial growers. But you can't have neighbors with lots of cukes either. You can also hand pollinate (a taping and tagging method is not-so-easy but is possible with cucumbers). Alternate day caging is also possible, but again this will not be possible with neighbors growing them, unless you enlist them into your seed saving endeavor. One of the best resources for this is the book: *Seed to Seed: Seed Saving and Growing Techniques for Vegetable Gardeners, 2nd Edition*.
**Hybrid Seeds**: These are from a cross that was planned on. But the offspring of these plants (the seeds) are different from the parent due to independent assortment and recombination of genes. This can result in really surprising fruits - especially if one of the parents was close to a wild type plant. You might be really hard rinds, huge or tiny seed cavities, Strange growth patterns, etc. They are usually edible, but occasionally this is even a problem, and you only get really bitter fruits. That being said, some so-called hybrid seed is not really hybrid, or at least from parents that are not that different, and the offspring of these will be very like the parents. But you won't know this from the seed package. You have to wait out the year to see, and even save from year to year, and not many people have the time or space to do this. |
3,827 | 1. In [Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows](http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1515091/), why does Moriarty want a sniper to additionally shoot the man in the hotel? Was the bomb not enough?
2. In the first movie, the purpose of Professor Moriarty was stealing the remote control, but it is not mentioned in the second movie at all! Was there a point? | 2012/08/19 | [
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/questions/3827",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/users/1903/"
] | The bomb actually was a coverup to the assassination of the designated target. If the specified target alone is killed with the bullet, Moriarty might have deduced that any of the threads for plotting the murder could be traced back to him or his accomplices. So, he wanted to cover it up with a bomb to blow up everyone to spark a political conspiracy rather than making it a single person assassination hit.
Your second question is correct. I don't recollect that aspect being used in the second movie, but I think the director used it as a major plot element to introduce Moriarty to viewers — after all, Moriarty is Holmes's greatest adversary. | The purpose of the bomb was threefold:
1. To conceal the fact that a single person in the room was to be killed
2. To inflame passions in the country's involved to ratchet up tensions for Moriarty's desired worldwide conflict
3. To destroy any trace evidence that any of the above had occurred.
When the explosion is shown from the outside of the building, it is clear that the bomb created a great deal of heat and open flames as well as a powerful explosion. It also clearly destroys all of the windows facing the protagonists. In fact, the room and building should have still be on fire when the protagonists entered given the size of the explosion shown and any human remains should have mangled or destroyed making Holmes' deductions impossible.
The remote control from the first film seems to to fit in with the numerous weapon's technologies been built by Moriarty's vast web of companies. When for some reason the second film's narrative diverged from the ending of the first, the need to explain the remote and how it could have been used (decades before any such device was built in reality) seems to have dropped in favor of telling the new story. |
270,057 | I often say something like:
>
> This soup is pretty damn spicy!
>
>
>
I am wondering now if this is actually proper grammar.
On [Urban Dictionary](https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=pretty%20damn), it says the meaning of it is *“approximately”*, but when I use this term I don’t use it for “approximately”. Like the above example, I used it for saying “pretty spicy” or something like “actually pretty spicy”. I hope you get the way I use that term.
But still, I am wondering if that is proper or not.
I am also wondering if this is maybe too dirty language, so you can also say whether I should often say this or not. | 2020/12/26 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/270057",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/87858/"
] | *Damn* works as an intensifier, similar to *very*. *Pretty* is much milder, and has a sense of "more than expected", "more than average". It actually works to soften *damn* in this sense, giving it a sense of "this is surprising!"
It's definitely informal language, and some people would be offended by the word *damn* anyway, but it's extremely common to hear, so I wouldn't call it "dirty language" really. It depends on the company you use it in!
A common thing nowadays is for people to soften their language intentionally, partly for fun and partly because it feels nicer and friendlier - not out of a sense of decorum. So consider using "this is pretty dang spicy!" | What is "proper" is really opinion-based. Some people find "damn" offensive, while many do not.
What I can say is that it is not polite and would not be used in a formal setting. You might say it to people you know well, but probably wouldn't say it at a job interview.
Again, what is "dirty" is opinion-based. Many people divide curse words, or swear words, into the categories of just plain offensive (for example, scatological terms), and sexual (for example, the 'F' word, or slang terms for genitalia). It is the latter that people normally think of as 'dirty' language. 'Damn' originally had religious connotations - it means to condemn to hell - so it doesn't have any sexual connotations. If people do find it offensive it is likely because of the original religious meaning, although these days, it is just used as an *intensifier*, as it is in your example. |
270,057 | I often say something like:
>
> This soup is pretty damn spicy!
>
>
>
I am wondering now if this is actually proper grammar.
On [Urban Dictionary](https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=pretty%20damn), it says the meaning of it is *“approximately”*, but when I use this term I don’t use it for “approximately”. Like the above example, I used it for saying “pretty spicy” or something like “actually pretty spicy”. I hope you get the way I use that term.
But still, I am wondering if that is proper or not.
I am also wondering if this is maybe too dirty language, so you can also say whether I should often say this or not. | 2020/12/26 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/270057",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/87858/"
] | What is "proper" is really opinion-based. Some people find "damn" offensive, while many do not.
What I can say is that it is not polite and would not be used in a formal setting. You might say it to people you know well, but probably wouldn't say it at a job interview.
Again, what is "dirty" is opinion-based. Many people divide curse words, or swear words, into the categories of just plain offensive (for example, scatological terms), and sexual (for example, the 'F' word, or slang terms for genitalia). It is the latter that people normally think of as 'dirty' language. 'Damn' originally had religious connotations - it means to condemn to hell - so it doesn't have any sexual connotations. If people do find it offensive it is likely because of the original religious meaning, although these days, it is just used as an *intensifier*, as it is in your example. | Some people find "damn" offensive, and some do not.
You should use in a conversation or not important situations, but not important situations. As I said, some people find damn offensive, so you shouldn't use it at a new person you met. Because you don't know the person will find "damn" offensive or not.
So this is not that offensive (as F-word), but (It's still a bit dirty) you should use this word carefully. |
270,057 | I often say something like:
>
> This soup is pretty damn spicy!
>
>
>
I am wondering now if this is actually proper grammar.
On [Urban Dictionary](https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=pretty%20damn), it says the meaning of it is *“approximately”*, but when I use this term I don’t use it for “approximately”. Like the above example, I used it for saying “pretty spicy” or something like “actually pretty spicy”. I hope you get the way I use that term.
But still, I am wondering if that is proper or not.
I am also wondering if this is maybe too dirty language, so you can also say whether I should often say this or not. | 2020/12/26 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/270057",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/87858/"
] | *Damn* works as an intensifier, similar to *very*. *Pretty* is much milder, and has a sense of "more than expected", "more than average". It actually works to soften *damn* in this sense, giving it a sense of "this is surprising!"
It's definitely informal language, and some people would be offended by the word *damn* anyway, but it's extremely common to hear, so I wouldn't call it "dirty language" really. It depends on the company you use it in!
A common thing nowadays is for people to soften their language intentionally, partly for fun and partly because it feels nicer and friendlier - not out of a sense of decorum. So consider using "this is pretty dang spicy!" | Some people find "damn" offensive, and some do not.
You should use in a conversation or not important situations, but not important situations. As I said, some people find damn offensive, so you shouldn't use it at a new person you met. Because you don't know the person will find "damn" offensive or not.
So this is not that offensive (as F-word), but (It's still a bit dirty) you should use this word carefully. |
11,444 | I recently rewatched *The Prestige* and find this question to be central to understanding the plot. In the final narration Cutter seems to be challenging the audience to discover a further, hidden secret. This secret would necessarily not be made explicit in the movie, but nevertheless be key to understanding the entire plot.
I think it is possible that Angier did not know that Borden was backstage. Angier had planned all along to stage his death after 100 shows, so that he could return to being the Lord full-time. Perhaps he also realized that he could not go on murdering himself indefinitely, so he put a hard limit on the practice. Borden's presence backstage was therefore a coincidence.
Another possibility is that Angier did know Borden was there spying, because Fallon had told him. After Sarah's suicide, Fallon secretly wanted his twin brother dead. Possibly he involved Cutter in the scheme at some point. Then Fallon killed the Lord in order to retrieve his daughter, whom Angier did not realize was actually Fallon's. | 2013/05/16 | [
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/questions/11444",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/users/4878/"
] | I think Angier was prepared for, and was expecting Borden to crash his show, but he did not know when Borden would do it. Angier clearly did not have the courage and plan to keep killing a duplicate of himself forever. He wanted to outdo Borden mainly for revenge. It was his plan than sooner or later Borden would show up, and get himself incriminated for the accident, and land up in jail, thus, freeing Angier from ever having to do a magic show again. He could retire in peace as the 'greatest showman', revealing his secret to Borden at the jail.
But he was clearly not prepared to meet Borden's twin. And he is visibly surprised to find such a simple answer to Borden's illusion. | This is one of those things that could probably never be answered, I am not even sure the author really knows. All the comments above make good points, so not to distract from them, but felt this deserved at least one answer ...
The final narration and the 'clues' that are revealed are meant to be provocative. A set of identical men with different personalities and a man duplicating himself destroying each other (and themselves). So there is the commentary of self-destruction and, ambition and envy/greed destroying the things one values. The only way to end the cycle was for the driving forces to be stopped. The final narration and images/shots are deeply metaphorical.
So, I believe @Sean is correct above; Fallon was the calm one and wanted the destruction to end. With the nod from Cutter at the end we are lead to believe that there was an understanding between them. Cutter can be seen as having the same reservations (conflict) with the actions of Angier and Borden near the end.
So, I don't believe Angier "knew" Borden was backstage, but took advantage of the opportunity (of which he may have desired to happen and planned for) and was not affected by the misery that followed, then paid for his own sins.
The movie gets better each time I watch it. I think it is very undervalued. |
31,828 | And when did it start being used that way? Before or after the bird meaning of "rook"? | 2011/06/28 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/31828",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/10041/"
] | [etymonline.com](http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=rook)
>
> "chess piece," c.1300, from O.Fr. roc,
> from Arabic rukhkh, from Pers. rukh,
> of unknown meaning, perhaps somehow
> related to the Indian name for the
> piece, rut, from Hindi rath "chariot."
>
>
>
According to the OED, the word rook meaning the bird was first used circa 725.
So it seems that the two words have different origins. | In the first case (when the word is used to refer to a chess piece), the origin of the word is Middle English, from Old French *rock*, based on Arabic *ruḵḵ*.
In the second case, the origin of the word is from Old English *hrōc*.
The word has been first used to refer to the bird, but the two words have different origins. |
31,828 | And when did it start being used that way? Before or after the bird meaning of "rook"? | 2011/06/28 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/31828",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/10041/"
] | [etymonline.com](http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=rook)
>
> "chess piece," c.1300, from O.Fr. roc,
> from Arabic rukhkh, from Pers. rukh,
> of unknown meaning, perhaps somehow
> related to the Indian name for the
> piece, rut, from Hindi rath "chariot."
>
>
>
According to the OED, the word rook meaning the bird was first used circa 725.
So it seems that the two words have different origins. | The rook is definitely named from the Persian word rukh meaning war-chariot as the corresponding piece in Oriental games is also called a chariot. However as the game came to Europe the word got confused with the Italian word rocca meaning a tower. That's why it's represented as a fortified tower and referred to informally as a castle. Nothing to do with the bird. |
590,829 | I have seen both options used interchangeably, is there a reason why?
* Example with ***on***: <https://www.springer.com/series/15362>
>
> Lecture Notes **on** Data Engineering and Communications Technologies
>
>
>
* Example with ***in***: <https://www.springer.com/series/7818>
>
> Lecture Notes **in** Electrical Engineering
>
>
>
What would then be the correct use in this case:
1. Lecture notes *on* predictive control
2. Lecture notes *in* predictive control | 2022/06/23 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/590829",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/456082/"
] | [Ngrams](https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=lecture%20notes%20on%2Clecture%20notes%20in&year_start=1900&year_end=2019&corpus=26&smoothing=3) shows both in use with comparable frequency
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/fMpSR.jpg) | [american-english](/questions/tagged/american-english "show questions tagged 'american-english'")
"On" to me is a shorthand for "on the topic of," e.g. "Lecture Notes on (the topic of) Data Engineering and Communications Technologies," while "in" is a shorthand for "in the field of," e.g. "Lecture Notes in (the field of) Electrical Engineering."
You would not say \* "the field of data engineering and communications technologies," nor \* "the topic of Electrical Engineering" (except in certain unusual contexts), thus the reversed titles seem wrong to me:
\* "Lecture notes in Data Engineering and Communications Technologies"
\* "Lecture notes on Electrical Engineering"
Likewise, \* "Lecture notes in predictive control" doesn't sound right to me, so I would use "on" in that context:
"Lecture notes on Predictive Control" |
58,171,374 | New users cannot log in via Facebook, receiving an error message saying: "Application not available: the application you are trying to use is no longer available or access is limited.".
Users have no problems accessing with their existing Facebook accounts. | 2019/09/30 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/58171374",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/2281175/"
] | I get this issue when I create fake/test accounts on facebook. It seems like they take 1-2 hours to review the account before they will let you use the graphAPI. | If you just created a new business account, you will need to add one friend. |
58,171,374 | New users cannot log in via Facebook, receiving an error message saying: "Application not available: the application you are trying to use is no longer available or access is limited.".
Users have no problems accessing with their existing Facebook accounts. | 2019/09/30 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/58171374",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/2281175/"
] | I get this issue when I create fake/test accounts on facebook. It seems like they take 1-2 hours to review the account before they will let you use the graphAPI. | This issue was on Facebook's current SDK. Please update the SDK this issue will be resolved. |
58,171,374 | New users cannot log in via Facebook, receiving an error message saying: "Application not available: the application you are trying to use is no longer available or access is limited.".
Users have no problems accessing with their existing Facebook accounts. | 2019/09/30 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/58171374",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/2281175/"
] | This issue was on Facebook's current SDK. Please update the SDK this issue will be resolved. | If you just created a new business account, you will need to add one friend. |
18,249 | [This article](http://tuxgraphics.org/electronics/201005/bench-power-supply-v3.shtml) describes a rather nice solution for building a current- and voltage- controlled benchtop power supply using a DC supply in the range of 20-30 volts and some additional down-regulation circuitry, with current and voltage control provided by an AVR microcontroller in a feedback loop.
I like the idea, and I'd like to build my own, but I think the interface is a bit kludgy, so I'd like to improve on it. Unfortunately, although they sell a kit, they don't provide schematics. I understand about half to two thirds of the concepts they describe when it comes to power regulation - certainly not enough to build one myself - and the circuit diagrams they publish aren't complete.
Can anyone point me to some resources to get me started on building this myself? Ideally, I'd like schematics that incorporate most of the analog side so I can modify them in a fairly straightforward fashion to incorporate the microcontroller, since my knowledge of analog circuitry and power regulation isn't great.
Also, the linked project shuns existing regulators in favor of a lot of discrete components. Are there more integrated solutions that would simplify the design, without sacrificing features? | 2011/08/15 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/18249",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/3707/"
] | [Here](http://www.microchip.com/stellent/idcplg?IdcService=SS_GET_PAGE&nodeId=2524¶m=en539261) is a more sophisticated way to do it, and more design information is available. You won't need the power-factor correction with your lower power level. You can get more information from the Microchip forums. | If you have a regulator with a fixed reference voltage, you can adjust the output voltage simply using a programmable potentiometer. For example, a MAX5387LAUD+ will let you vary the resistance between 0 and 10k in 256 steps using I2C control. I2C control is easy to output from the AVR part, especially if using the Arduino IDE with the Wire library. With a 250 Ohm resistor between output and ref, and the potentiometer between ref and ground, you'll end up with a range from 1.25 to 26.5 volts, assuming the regulator can go that far and you can cool it. Also: it's a surface mount part, so you'll have to solder it "dead bug" style, or make a PCB.
<http://datasheets.maxim-ic.com/en/ds/MAX5387.pdf>
For current measurement, you want to measure the voltage drop over a very accurate, very small resistor. Something like 0.1 Ohm, or even 0.03 Ohm (although losses in solder joints start becoming a problem there...) The drop, in Ohms, is I-times-R, so 0.1 volts for 1 ampere into 0.1 Ohms, which will dissipate 0.1 watts. Use a 5W resistor and be able to go to 7 amperes :-) (Wattage is I-squared-R.) Because the drop is small, you may want an opamp across the resistor with some multiple to make it easy to measure using an analog in on the AVR. If you find that the amperage drawn is higher than you want, you reduce voltage until it's within limit. You could do this with analog electronics, for ultra-fast response, or using a control loop in the AVR, if you run it fast enough.
A while back, I was thinking down the exact same path as you, until I specced out everyting it would take to build a solid, reliable, safe supply with the three rails and amount of voltage/current I would want in a robust enclosure -- and then I said "screw it" and bought a cheap three-rail supply from China :-)
So far that's working fine, and I can get on with the projects I *really* want to work on. |
21,337 | She could have just nestled down to nap and I’ll pet her gently. Even if it’s for a few seconds then she gets up and wants to play.
I hope she doesn’t take petting as a cue to play. How could I break the habit and let her continue resting?
I play with her every day for 5-10 minutes every few hours. She has no siblings. | 2018/09/16 | [
"https://pets.stackexchange.com/questions/21337",
"https://pets.stackexchange.com",
"https://pets.stackexchange.com/users/12918/"
] | My best guess (and it is just a guess) is that your cat is bored, and jumps at the chance of any kind of active interaction with you.
5-10 minutes once or twice a day is not likely to satisfy the needs of most normal young to middle-aged cats, so unless yours is "elderly" is likely that she's starved for attention and/or play time.
Typical lifestyles today don't often allow us a lot of time to play with our pets (and perhaps that's why you have a cat instead of a dog?), but often the easiest way to satisfy a cat's need for more play and attention is to have a compatible playmate around.
If I were you I'd strongly consider getting another cat, and perhaps look at the option of "fostering" one for a period of a few weeks to see how they get along before making the commitment. | There can be a number of reasons for the cat doing so, but none of them are really indicative of a problem.
* Some cats prefer playing to cuddling, and will always try to play with whoever gives them attention.
* Some cats get playful when they're really happy, even if they're generally not that playful. One of our cats is not big on playing but a playful side emerges after petting her for a long time.
Maybe she was lying down out of sheer boredom. Your petting indicates that you're interacting with her, and if she would rather play with you than cuddle with you, she will start playing.
Should you stop that? Maybe. I don't really see the reason to. Simply respond genuinely:
* If you're happy to play with her, then play with her.
* If you're not interesting in playing, then don't and continue petting her.
* If she's that playful that she makes petting her impossible without playing, then simply stop petting her.
Over time, she will learn that you are not always available for playing.
For example, because they would wake us up when playing in the bedroom, we stopped playing with them in the bedroom. Only petting. In other parts of the house, both playing and petting happens. In a matter of days, they stopped trying to play with us (and sometimes even each other) in the bedroom. Because they recognized the pattern.
Be genuine and the cat will adjust itself to your behavior. Don't cater to the cat's whims and then possibly end up resenting them for having those whims. |
144,865 | This is an incentive for new users to put some thought and effort into learning how the site works and how to be productive, before posting their first question.
There should be three badges for this, and a page describing the badges and how to get them should be prominently featured when a new user logs in for the first time. All of this is negotiable, obviously, but here are my off-the-cuff suggestions for the requirements:
The **Novice** Badge (Bronze)
* User is registered
* User post two questions with no closed posts and no deletions, and receives at least one answer to one of the questions.
The **Apprentice** Badge (Silver)
In addition to the Bronze Requirements:
* User posts three answers with no post deletions.
* User achieves 50 rep and posts their first comment with no flags.
The **Professional** badge (Gold)
In addition to the Silver Requirements:
* User achieves 100 rep with answers, with no post deletions.
* User raises accept rate above zero.
* User votes up three posts.
Badges should be retroactive. | 2012/08/25 | [
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/144865",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | I think this idea has a fundamental flaw: new users who start participating by asking questions don't care about badges. They care only to have their questions answered. Badges only come later, once they start playing the game. If they ever do (not everyone does).
How do i parse html in java script in my android with regular expression plzsendtehcodez its urgent....... Whats a badges??? | I think this complements [Select from list of reasons when performing downvotes](https://meta.stackexchange.com/q/144851/182513). The idea is encouraging new users to become productive without remarks that might seems snarky to a new user saying "Go read this" or seeing feedback that effectively says "you are asking bad questions".
I tend to browse meta every once in a while and I am shocked to see the number of people who ask "why was this question deleted" or "why can I no longer ask questions". We can fix that by encouraging people to read the FAQ and some of the important posts here on meta, but if you give new users easy milestones to say "you are doing a good job", it might be helpful and make them want to become invested in the site.
So easy milestones and incentives should be encouraged. Not sure I like the Gold and Silver badge criteria as they seem *too* easy. Borrowing Robert Harvey's original names and basic idea, I suggest something similar but more like:
The **Novice** Badge (Bronze)
* User is registered
* User post two questions with no closed posts and no deletions, and receives at least one answer to one of the questions.
* User has a **non-negative** score on all questions asked (edited from original)
The **Apprentice** Badge (Silver)
In addition to the Bronze Requirements:
* User achieves 100 rep with questions and answers, with no post deletions.
* User raises accept rate above 25%. (above 0% seems too easy)
* User votes up ten posts.
The **Professional** badge (Gold)
In addition to the Silver Requirements:
* User achieves 1000 rep with questions, answers, and suggested edits, with minimal post deletions
* User asks and answers separate questions on meta
* User votes up 100 posts (edited from original)
I removed the "no post deletions" from the gold badge as I think you are going to have *some* self-deletions if you hang around long enough to get to the rep milestone (usually 2 people who post absolutely identical answers at close to the same time). |
50,413 | I am moving to UAE for my new job soon from India. This is my first job as well. My Employer asked me to send my Banking Details. So what kind of account should I start, where should I start, and what tips can I have for maximum benefit from that account?
What are the basic banking details I should work out before I move? | 2015/08/01 | [
"https://money.stackexchange.com/questions/50413",
"https://money.stackexchange.com",
"https://money.stackexchange.com/users/30811/"
] | >
> My Employer asked me to send my Banking Details.
>
>
>
Why does your employer need your bank account details without you joining yet? Please verify and be sure that this is not some kind of scam.
>
> What are the basic banking details I should work out before I move?
>
>
>
Convert any savings account into NRO. Open an NRE account. | Most banks have a procedure that you fill out a form on line and the bank gathers all the info need for direct deposit. To start you off you need a basic checking account. I wouldn't give any info to your employer but rather start the direct deposit with you bank first, its safer. |
1,509,472 | I need to create a table (in SQLite) with a column which contains either "-1" or "+1". To save memory it is better not to use "int" as a type of the column. So, I thought about "smallint" and "tinyint". But smallint is not so small (from -32,768 to 32,767) and tinyint can be only positive (from 0 to 255). Are there any other options or I have select between these twp?
Thank you in advance. | 2009/10/02 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1509472",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/175960/"
] | Boolean would do the job with a tiny processing in the application to map boolean to -1 or +1. | If your field can have only two values in it, why not use a bit/boolean? |
1,509,472 | I need to create a table (in SQLite) with a column which contains either "-1" or "+1". To save memory it is better not to use "int" as a type of the column. So, I thought about "smallint" and "tinyint". But smallint is not so small (from -32,768 to 32,767) and tinyint can be only positive (from 0 to 255). Are there any other options or I have select between these twp?
Thank you in advance. | 2009/10/02 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1509472",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/175960/"
] | If your field can have only two values in it, why not use a bit/boolean? | I recommend you do as other answers suggest and use 0/1 or a bit instead, but if you really really need to do this, Can you in your code, cast the value from a unsigned byte to a char, and then to a signed byte? If you can, then Then 1 (00000001) casts to 1, and 255 (11111111) casts to -1 |
1,509,472 | I need to create a table (in SQLite) with a column which contains either "-1" or "+1". To save memory it is better not to use "int" as a type of the column. So, I thought about "smallint" and "tinyint". But smallint is not so small (from -32,768 to 32,767) and tinyint can be only positive (from 0 to 255). Are there any other options or I have select between these twp?
Thank you in advance. | 2009/10/02 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1509472",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/175960/"
] | SQLite 3 presents only an `INTEGER` data type which...
>
> [...] is a signed
> integer, stored in 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, or 8
> bytes depending on the magnitude of
> the value.
>
>
>
Source: <http://www.sqlite.org/datatype3.html> | If your field can have only two values in it, why not use a bit/boolean? |
1,509,472 | I need to create a table (in SQLite) with a column which contains either "-1" or "+1". To save memory it is better not to use "int" as a type of the column. So, I thought about "smallint" and "tinyint". But smallint is not so small (from -32,768 to 32,767) and tinyint can be only positive (from 0 to 255). Are there any other options or I have select between these twp?
Thank you in advance. | 2009/10/02 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1509472",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/175960/"
] | Boolean would do the job with a tiny processing in the application to map boolean to -1 or +1. | I recommend you do as other answers suggest and use 0/1 or a bit instead, but if you really really need to do this, Can you in your code, cast the value from a unsigned byte to a char, and then to a signed byte? If you can, then Then 1 (00000001) casts to 1, and 255 (11111111) casts to -1 |
1,509,472 | I need to create a table (in SQLite) with a column which contains either "-1" or "+1". To save memory it is better not to use "int" as a type of the column. So, I thought about "smallint" and "tinyint". But smallint is not so small (from -32,768 to 32,767) and tinyint can be only positive (from 0 to 255). Are there any other options or I have select between these twp?
Thank you in advance. | 2009/10/02 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1509472",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/175960/"
] | Boolean would do the job with a tiny processing in the application to map boolean to -1 or +1. | SQLite 3 presents only an `INTEGER` data type which...
>
> [...] is a signed
> integer, stored in 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, or 8
> bytes depending on the magnitude of
> the value.
>
>
>
Source: <http://www.sqlite.org/datatype3.html> |
1,509,472 | I need to create a table (in SQLite) with a column which contains either "-1" or "+1". To save memory it is better not to use "int" as a type of the column. So, I thought about "smallint" and "tinyint". But smallint is not so small (from -32,768 to 32,767) and tinyint can be only positive (from 0 to 255). Are there any other options or I have select between these twp?
Thank you in advance. | 2009/10/02 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1509472",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/175960/"
] | SQLite 3 presents only an `INTEGER` data type which...
>
> [...] is a signed
> integer, stored in 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, or 8
> bytes depending on the magnitude of
> the value.
>
>
>
Source: <http://www.sqlite.org/datatype3.html> | I recommend you do as other answers suggest and use 0/1 or a bit instead, but if you really really need to do this, Can you in your code, cast the value from a unsigned byte to a char, and then to a signed byte? If you can, then Then 1 (00000001) casts to 1, and 255 (11111111) casts to -1 |
3,455,653 | I am a junior developer I can't understand how canvas tag is beneficial for us?
I read lot of articles on that but I can't get the root benefit getting from the canvas tag. | 2010/08/11 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3455653",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/339020/"
] | The canvas will enable you to draw pixel perfect graphics. | my personal take on canvas (and when I actually found a use case for canvas) is the ability to color pick and color change per pixel in a canvas element - actually moving the image from something we don't have any information about what is happening inside it to an element like all other DOM elements (and yes, I know about the current problems with canvas and DOM - sure this would be taken care of in the future)
sure - canvas made some sort of animation easier and pluginless, but that we could do before (mostly with flash) - I think the real importance is the ability to know what is happening on the page. |
3,455,653 | I am a junior developer I can't understand how canvas tag is beneficial for us?
I read lot of articles on that but I can't get the root benefit getting from the canvas tag. | 2010/08/11 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3455653",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/339020/"
] | Basically, thanks to canvas, we can now draw/render 2D shapes using HTML5 and the canvas API.
As an example of what's possible now with canvas, [see this](http://muro.deviantart.com/) | my personal take on canvas (and when I actually found a use case for canvas) is the ability to color pick and color change per pixel in a canvas element - actually moving the image from something we don't have any information about what is happening inside it to an element like all other DOM elements (and yes, I know about the current problems with canvas and DOM - sure this would be taken care of in the future)
sure - canvas made some sort of animation easier and pluginless, but that we could do before (mostly with flash) - I think the real importance is the ability to know what is happening on the page. |
3,455,653 | I am a junior developer I can't understand how canvas tag is beneficial for us?
I read lot of articles on that but I can't get the root benefit getting from the canvas tag. | 2010/08/11 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3455653",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/339020/"
] | Think of the difference between canvas and svg as the difference betwee Photoshop and Illustrator (or Gimp and Inkscape for you OSS folks). One deals with bitmaps and the other vector art.
With canvas, since you are drawing in bitmap, you can smudge, blur, burn, dodge your images easily. But since it's bitmap you can't easily draw a line and then decide to reposition the line. You need to delete the old line and then draw a new line.
With svg, since you are drawing vectors, you can easily move, scale, rotate, reposition, flip your drawings. But since it's vectors you can't easily blur the edges according to line thickness or seamlessly meld a red circle into a blue square. You need to simulate blurring by drawing intermediate polygons between objects.
Sometimes their use case overlaps. Like a lot of people use canvas to do simple line drawings and keep track of the objects as data structures in javascript. But really, they both serve different purposes. If you try to implement general purpose vector drawing in pure javascript on top of canvas I doubt you'd be faster than using svg which is most likely implemented in C. | The cool projects that came to mind for me are:
* Visualize gps data. GPS data is just an XML list of coordinates. You could easily build something in canvas to "connect the dots".
* An mobile app where the user can actual sign a document with her finger - canvas allows you to export out the rendered canvas drawing to PNG where it can be saved on the server.
* In a game where you have avatars, you can allow the user to actual draw on the avatar. Moustaches anyone?
Other stuff:
* In iOS / Android using lots of CSS3
effects like box-shadow can lead to
poor performance, especially when
animating. You can do a lot of these
graphics in a single canvas tag,
here's an example:
<http://everytimezone.com/>. This thing is flawless on an ipad.
* Cool background effects. For example try going to Paul Irish's
site and move your cursor around the
background: <http://paulirish.com/>
* In this HTML5 book sponsored by Google a lot of the effects are using
canvas:
<http://www.20thingsilearned.com/> -
particularly the "page flip"
animations. |
3,455,653 | I am a junior developer I can't understand how canvas tag is beneficial for us?
I read lot of articles on that but I can't get the root benefit getting from the canvas tag. | 2010/08/11 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3455653",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/339020/"
] | Think of the difference between canvas and svg as the difference betwee Photoshop and Illustrator (or Gimp and Inkscape for you OSS folks). One deals with bitmaps and the other vector art.
With canvas, since you are drawing in bitmap, you can smudge, blur, burn, dodge your images easily. But since it's bitmap you can't easily draw a line and then decide to reposition the line. You need to delete the old line and then draw a new line.
With svg, since you are drawing vectors, you can easily move, scale, rotate, reposition, flip your drawings. But since it's vectors you can't easily blur the edges according to line thickness or seamlessly meld a red circle into a blue square. You need to simulate blurring by drawing intermediate polygons between objects.
Sometimes their use case overlaps. Like a lot of people use canvas to do simple line drawings and keep track of the objects as data structures in javascript. But really, they both serve different purposes. If you try to implement general purpose vector drawing in pure javascript on top of canvas I doubt you'd be faster than using svg which is most likely implemented in C. | Basically, thanks to canvas, we can now draw/render 2D shapes using HTML5 and the canvas API.
As an example of what's possible now with canvas, [see this](http://muro.deviantart.com/) |
3,455,653 | I am a junior developer I can't understand how canvas tag is beneficial for us?
I read lot of articles on that but I can't get the root benefit getting from the canvas tag. | 2010/08/11 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3455653",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/339020/"
] | Think of the difference between canvas and svg as the difference betwee Photoshop and Illustrator (or Gimp and Inkscape for you OSS folks). One deals with bitmaps and the other vector art.
With canvas, since you are drawing in bitmap, you can smudge, blur, burn, dodge your images easily. But since it's bitmap you can't easily draw a line and then decide to reposition the line. You need to delete the old line and then draw a new line.
With svg, since you are drawing vectors, you can easily move, scale, rotate, reposition, flip your drawings. But since it's vectors you can't easily blur the edges according to line thickness or seamlessly meld a red circle into a blue square. You need to simulate blurring by drawing intermediate polygons between objects.
Sometimes their use case overlaps. Like a lot of people use canvas to do simple line drawings and keep track of the objects as data structures in javascript. But really, they both serve different purposes. If you try to implement general purpose vector drawing in pure javascript on top of canvas I doubt you'd be faster than using svg which is most likely implemented in C. | my personal take on canvas (and when I actually found a use case for canvas) is the ability to color pick and color change per pixel in a canvas element - actually moving the image from something we don't have any information about what is happening inside it to an element like all other DOM elements (and yes, I know about the current problems with canvas and DOM - sure this would be taken care of in the future)
sure - canvas made some sort of animation easier and pluginless, but that we could do before (mostly with flash) - I think the real importance is the ability to know what is happening on the page. |
3,455,653 | I am a junior developer I can't understand how canvas tag is beneficial for us?
I read lot of articles on that but I can't get the root benefit getting from the canvas tag. | 2010/08/11 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3455653",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/339020/"
] | Think of the difference between canvas and svg as the difference betwee Photoshop and Illustrator (or Gimp and Inkscape for you OSS folks). One deals with bitmaps and the other vector art.
With canvas, since you are drawing in bitmap, you can smudge, blur, burn, dodge your images easily. But since it's bitmap you can't easily draw a line and then decide to reposition the line. You need to delete the old line and then draw a new line.
With svg, since you are drawing vectors, you can easily move, scale, rotate, reposition, flip your drawings. But since it's vectors you can't easily blur the edges according to line thickness or seamlessly meld a red circle into a blue square. You need to simulate blurring by drawing intermediate polygons between objects.
Sometimes their use case overlaps. Like a lot of people use canvas to do simple line drawings and keep track of the objects as data structures in javascript. But really, they both serve different purposes. If you try to implement general purpose vector drawing in pure javascript on top of canvas I doubt you'd be faster than using svg which is most likely implemented in C. | The canvas will enable you to draw pixel perfect graphics. |
3,455,653 | I am a junior developer I can't understand how canvas tag is beneficial for us?
I read lot of articles on that but I can't get the root benefit getting from the canvas tag. | 2010/08/11 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3455653",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/339020/"
] | Think of the difference between canvas and svg as the difference betwee Photoshop and Illustrator (or Gimp and Inkscape for you OSS folks). One deals with bitmaps and the other vector art.
With canvas, since you are drawing in bitmap, you can smudge, blur, burn, dodge your images easily. But since it's bitmap you can't easily draw a line and then decide to reposition the line. You need to delete the old line and then draw a new line.
With svg, since you are drawing vectors, you can easily move, scale, rotate, reposition, flip your drawings. But since it's vectors you can't easily blur the edges according to line thickness or seamlessly meld a red circle into a blue square. You need to simulate blurring by drawing intermediate polygons between objects.
Sometimes their use case overlaps. Like a lot of people use canvas to do simple line drawings and keep track of the objects as data structures in javascript. But really, they both serve different purposes. If you try to implement general purpose vector drawing in pure javascript on top of canvas I doubt you'd be faster than using svg which is most likely implemented in C. | Some possible uses for Canvas:
* Image drawing program
* Photo editing/manipulation
* 2D Games
* Advanced image viewing such as [Microsoft's Deep Zoom](http://ie.microsoft.com/testdrive/Graphics/DeepZoom/Default.html)
If you can't understand how it's beneficial, then maybe it isn't from your point of view at least. Don't think that because it's there I have to use it somehow, pick and choose what technologies work for you based on what you're trying to build, an Accounting web app probably wouldn't need a canvas for instance. |
3,455,653 | I am a junior developer I can't understand how canvas tag is beneficial for us?
I read lot of articles on that but I can't get the root benefit getting from the canvas tag. | 2010/08/11 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3455653",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/339020/"
] | The canvas will enable you to draw pixel perfect graphics. | The cool projects that came to mind for me are:
* Visualize gps data. GPS data is just an XML list of coordinates. You could easily build something in canvas to "connect the dots".
* An mobile app where the user can actual sign a document with her finger - canvas allows you to export out the rendered canvas drawing to PNG where it can be saved on the server.
* In a game where you have avatars, you can allow the user to actual draw on the avatar. Moustaches anyone?
Other stuff:
* In iOS / Android using lots of CSS3
effects like box-shadow can lead to
poor performance, especially when
animating. You can do a lot of these
graphics in a single canvas tag,
here's an example:
<http://everytimezone.com/>. This thing is flawless on an ipad.
* Cool background effects. For example try going to Paul Irish's
site and move your cursor around the
background: <http://paulirish.com/>
* In this HTML5 book sponsored by Google a lot of the effects are using
canvas:
<http://www.20thingsilearned.com/> -
particularly the "page flip"
animations. |
3,455,653 | I am a junior developer I can't understand how canvas tag is beneficial for us?
I read lot of articles on that but I can't get the root benefit getting from the canvas tag. | 2010/08/11 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3455653",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/339020/"
] | Basically, thanks to canvas, we can now draw/render 2D shapes using HTML5 and the canvas API.
As an example of what's possible now with canvas, [see this](http://muro.deviantart.com/) | The cool projects that came to mind for me are:
* Visualize gps data. GPS data is just an XML list of coordinates. You could easily build something in canvas to "connect the dots".
* An mobile app where the user can actual sign a document with her finger - canvas allows you to export out the rendered canvas drawing to PNG where it can be saved on the server.
* In a game where you have avatars, you can allow the user to actual draw on the avatar. Moustaches anyone?
Other stuff:
* In iOS / Android using lots of CSS3
effects like box-shadow can lead to
poor performance, especially when
animating. You can do a lot of these
graphics in a single canvas tag,
here's an example:
<http://everytimezone.com/>. This thing is flawless on an ipad.
* Cool background effects. For example try going to Paul Irish's
site and move your cursor around the
background: <http://paulirish.com/>
* In this HTML5 book sponsored by Google a lot of the effects are using
canvas:
<http://www.20thingsilearned.com/> -
particularly the "page flip"
animations. |
3,455,653 | I am a junior developer I can't understand how canvas tag is beneficial for us?
I read lot of articles on that but I can't get the root benefit getting from the canvas tag. | 2010/08/11 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3455653",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/339020/"
] | Some possible uses for Canvas:
* Image drawing program
* Photo editing/manipulation
* 2D Games
* Advanced image viewing such as [Microsoft's Deep Zoom](http://ie.microsoft.com/testdrive/Graphics/DeepZoom/Default.html)
If you can't understand how it's beneficial, then maybe it isn't from your point of view at least. Don't think that because it's there I have to use it somehow, pick and choose what technologies work for you based on what you're trying to build, an Accounting web app probably wouldn't need a canvas for instance. | my personal take on canvas (and when I actually found a use case for canvas) is the ability to color pick and color change per pixel in a canvas element - actually moving the image from something we don't have any information about what is happening inside it to an element like all other DOM elements (and yes, I know about the current problems with canvas and DOM - sure this would be taken care of in the future)
sure - canvas made some sort of animation easier and pluginless, but that we could do before (mostly with flash) - I think the real importance is the ability to know what is happening on the page. |
124,446 | I am planning to bring my mother in visitor visa to Germany for a couple of months. At the moment she is staying with my wife in Sri Lanka. Later I planned to file a hardship case and see if I can prove that she is dependent on me to try to bring her for a long stay. Because my wife will soon join me here and mom will be alone when that happens. She is 61 and widowed. She also doesn't speak the majority language in my country and is dependent on me for a living and she is emotionally dependent on me. So it'd be really helpful for her if I can bring her on a long stay. | 2018/10/23 | [
"https://travel.stackexchange.com/questions/124446",
"https://travel.stackexchange.com",
"https://travel.stackexchange.com/users/75887/"
] | It is always hard to predict how authorities will act, but I cannot see any good reason why it would make it harder for your mother to get a permit to stay with your wife any yourself in Germany if she had been visiting Germany once before.
I am sure you have already found the relevant information on the website of the Bundesamt für Migration und Flüchtlinge, aka BAMF, the German agency dealing with immigration?
The basic information at <http://www.bamf.de/EN/Migration/EhepartnerFamilie/ehepartnerfamilie-node.html> says:
What they basically say is:
* You as the "head of family" who wants to reunite with his family members in Germany need to be able to sustain yourself financially and provide your familiy with money to live and with housing.
* Famility members who come to Germany need to have some basic knowledge of the German language, but there are exceptions to that rule.
So assuming you are in Germany on a legal base, have a permanent right to stay and work in Germany and you have a reasonable income, chances are you will succeed in getting your wife and your mother here.
Just one word of caution: It way take time. But back to your original question, there is really no reason why your mother visiting upfront would cause any issue. | I am not a lawyer, and this is not intended as legal advice, but [§36 AufenthG](https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/aufenthg_2004/__36.html) says
>
> (2) Sonstigen Familienangehörigen eines Ausländers kann zum
> Familiennachzug eine Aufenthaltserlaubnis erteilt werden, wenn es zur
> Vermeidung einer außergewöhnlichen Härte erforderlich ist.
>
>
>
A residence permit may be granted to other family members (e.g. parents of a grown child) of a foreigner if that is necessary to avoid unusual hardship.
* Someone who applies based on §36 would have to explain why it would be an unusual hardship for the parent to stay in her or his homeland.
* Someone who applies to a normal Schengen visa would have to demonstrate ties to the homeland and reasons why one would return.
To me this looks like a problem. First one writes that the parent wants to visit briefly and that he or she will definitely **return** afterwards. Then one writes that the parent would face unusual hardship if the **stays** home. If there is enough time between those two statements, they might look credible. Circumstances change. A mother may become more infirm. If they come directly after each other, they cannot both be true. |
55,805,502 | We have created outlook[standalone application] add-in for Windows using joa addin based on the following link <https://github.com/wolfgangimig/joa>. We need the same to be done for Mac OS also.
As joa is based on COM technology, we are unable to use it for Mac. Kindly suggest me the steps to create outlook add-in for Mac OS. Share some links if any code is available for creating outlook add-in for Mac. | 2019/04/23 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/55805502",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/10888971/"
] | I too created outlook custom addin for windows using joa.As joa uses windows registry for saving data it works only on windows.Refer this link <https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/outlook/add-ins/quick-start?tabs=visual-studio-code> for Mac os. | Mac version of Outlook does not support COM based addins - they are Windows specific. It only supports JS addins (also supported by the Windows, iOS, and Android versions of Outlook) - see <https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/outlook/add-ins/> |
11,778 | I am new to being a DM and am pretty much learning as I go. I am curious as to what some of the more battle-hardened DMs on this site would consider the optimal Player Character versus DM controlled monster would be? Thanks for any and all suggestions. | 2012/01/09 | [
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/questions/11778",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/users/2908/"
] | Variety. Sometimes you want an even number of combatants. Sometimes the PCs should be overwhelmed. Sometimes the PCs should overwhelm. It's impossible to arrive at an ideal number, because when you use a number of enemies in a fight, that number becomes less interesting in the next fight. | I agree with valadil about the variety. It can be fun to fight waves of minions sometimes and one powerful solo monster other times. You should keep the experience quota system in mind for deciding difficulty as well.
I used this [Encounter Calculator](http://kassoon.com/dnd/encounter-builder/) for a recent campaign and it was pretty handy for quickly tweaking the number of monsters to get to the desired difficulty level. |
4,169,952 | I've been programming a lot in standard C for about a two years now. I do not regard myself as an experienced programmer but I can work my way around the basic stuff. Since earlier this year I also started programming in C# to try and expand my programming knowledge but I came to a dilemma.
I plan to do a lot of programming through my life, and object oriented languages definitely have major benefits so its critical that I choose one to begin. Thing is, although I regard C# as very easy to develop, I feel as though as I am sponsoring a mindset I don't agree with. In terms of programming languages, frameworks or libraries, do you ever feel like you should go with something more free and portable?
I strongly believe in open source, free distributing of content and a basically an internet where freedom exists so I am really curious about what your opinions are on the matter.
Basically, should I learn something "more open" instead? | 2010/11/12 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/4169952",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/505196/"
] | What about [Mono](http://www.mono-project.com/)? Open source .NET. Everyone's a winner! | I think the language you use does not forbid you to developing some free library or so on. The systems are not (all) free for this technology, but it doesn't mean that you can't do open source products with it.
If you develop C#, you are somehow "sponsoring" Microsoft, which doesn't really like open software, which you may find a problem.
I am a C# developer and have no problems with that, because every code I wrote in my work was a proprietary code, so somehow I am also a proprietary-code-developer, I can't run away from that.
And I don't see any problem on proprietary code :) |
134,418 | I have an exterior service door on my garage I'd like to remove and wall off. The exterior of the garage is cedar siding. Replacing that and framing the doorway in is not the issue. My concern is pouring concrete over the existing floor. There is a foundation on the exterior wall, maybe 8" as the garage is attached to the house
Can I just pour new concrete over the existing concrete without leaking issues? I plan on drilling into the floor and insides of the foundation doorway walls, and adding lengths of rebar to tie it all in. Will this be enough? Thanks  | 2018/03/12 | [
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/134418",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/82469/"
] | I understand the question to be about filling in the foundation wall through the former doorway opening over the top of the floor slab. I would not do so because the slab will have a tendency to move with seasonal soil movement, etc.
Presuming that the slab is poured over a lowered area in the foundation wall, I'd cut back the slab and pour your foundation wall repair directly on the original wall. This will provide the most stability.
If you'd rather not do that, consider simply framing in the opening with wood, using pressure-treated lumber where there's concrete contact. Construction adhesive would secure everything just fine. If it's exposed below the siding on the outside, paint it with an appropriate gray paint to match the foundation. Caulk it in and it'll become nearly invisible. | If I understand what you are asking it is only about the slab, can you pour inside the foundation, yes this is done all the time adding some rebar pins around the perimeter will help lock everything together I do this when repairing areas I had to cut out usually in a slab repair I will use heavy wire to keep the patch in place. Since you have an existing floor I would heavily acid etch the existing floor and flush it out this will help the new layer to bond. There are also adhesion promoters that can be mopped on the existing floor but for them to work the floor needs to be cleaned a good strong etch with muratic acid and water will provide a fresh rough surface for the new layer to attach to. Remember always add acid to water (AAA). Muratic acid can be found in most big box stores or pool supply stores. |
362,854 | Context
-------
This morning while watching a video of Wolfenstein 3D from 1992 and [Doom (1993)](https://youtu.be/xcwlOllUdK8?t=171) I noticed that weapons don’t need to be compensated for any recoil. Then on my trip down memory lane I watched a Half Life (1998) video and there, automatic weapons at least seemed to have some form of recoil.
There must have been something happening in between that introduced this feature into the game design of FPS, that is almost ubiquitous nowadays.
Definition of recoil
--------------------
For the definition of recoil, I will use the definition used in the [Counter Strike wiki](https://counterstrike.fandom.com/wiki/Recoil), which I found to be a good summary of what I thought it is:
>
> Recoil is the backward momentum of a gun when it is discharging bullets and causes players' screens to "shake". This often causes the shooter to sway away from their intended target after the first shot due to the momentum "kicking" the shooter's aim. The higher the recoil, the more the screen will vibrate.
>
>
>
To which I will add a picture to illustrate (CSGO recoil pattern of AK47):
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/JVLOc.gif)
My question
-----------
This led me to wonder:
**Which game introduced this concept of recoil when shooting and thus the compensation necessary to be accurate while shooting say, full auto or rapidly, in a FPS ?** | 2020/01/16 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/362854",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/242748/"
] | The first shooter to display weapon recoil, that I have managed to find, is the [Dirty Harry (1990)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirty_Harry_(1990_video_game)) video game.
>
> The game is a side-scroller in which players must guide Dirty Harry throughout San Francisco. He wears a blue suit, although it can be exchanged for a white suit. He wields his signature Smith & Wesson Model 29, and players have the ability to draw the weapon without actually firing it. **The Smith & Wesson Model 29 also exhibits a recoil effect when fired.**
>
>
>
To fulfill the FPS requirement, [Time Crisis (1995)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_Crisis) might be your best bet as it was an arcade game so the point of view is your own eyes. I know from personal experience that the arcade machine forced recoil.
Most sources tend to be relating this back to the police Fire Arms Training Simulator (FATS) training systems, [like this article does, pg 15:](https://www.mediaed.org/transcripts/Game-Over-Transcript.pdf):
>
> Now we use large screen TVs and soldiers stand with plastic M-16s that fire laser beams that when you hit the target on the screen, the target drops. The law enforcement community extensively uses a device known as the FATS trainer: Fire Arms Training Simulator. You hold the gun in your hand, you pull the trigger,the slide slams back, you feel the recoil, you hit the target, the target drops, you miss the target, the target shoots you. It is a very effective law enforcement training device.
>
>
> But if you go to the local video arcade, you’ll find an almost identical device. A game such as **Time Crisis for example, in which you’ll find that the pistol, the slide slams back, it recoils in your hand**, if you hit the target the target drops, if you miss the target the target shoots you. The only difference is in the FATS trainer, if you shoot the wrong target, you’ll be reprimanded, ultimately even fired.But when the kids are playing the game there is no adult supervision, there is no standard, there is no control.
>
>
>
Or mass murder performed by children, [as this article does:](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CHRG-106shrg78656/html/CHRG-106shrg78656.htm)
>
> * Silent Scope has a mounted sniper gun with a scope. You sneak
> up on people and shoot ordinary people for no reason. When you
> kill, blood splatters everywhere. You get extra points if you
> shoot your victims in the head.
> * **Time Crisis and Time Crisis 2--This has a realistic recoil
> action gun. Guns make sounds like real gun sounds. It is 3D.**
> * Mortal Kombat series, Mortal Kombat Ultimate--This has
> joysticks. You use your fists and legs and feet. Bodies explode
> blood when you hit them. Mortal Kombat Ultimate says on the
> screen--``There is no Knowledge that is not Power.'' Does that
> mean that if you know how to kill someone, then you will have
> power?
>
>
> | More of an RPG with FPS elements than a pure FPS, but the original [System Shock](https://www.ttlg.com/ss1/faq/#3.1) from 1994 had projectile weapon recoil.
>
> This full-sized combat rifle is based on the 2064 Interlocutor KR-5.
> It's not quite as powerful as it sounds, and it produces a big recoil and thus has a longer recovery time than the other weapons. Still, it's handy to have around, and can dispatch most enemies with a couple of shots. Penetrator ammo is very scarce, but highly effective.
>
>
>
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/t5RV5.png) |
362,854 | Context
-------
This morning while watching a video of Wolfenstein 3D from 1992 and [Doom (1993)](https://youtu.be/xcwlOllUdK8?t=171) I noticed that weapons don’t need to be compensated for any recoil. Then on my trip down memory lane I watched a Half Life (1998) video and there, automatic weapons at least seemed to have some form of recoil.
There must have been something happening in between that introduced this feature into the game design of FPS, that is almost ubiquitous nowadays.
Definition of recoil
--------------------
For the definition of recoil, I will use the definition used in the [Counter Strike wiki](https://counterstrike.fandom.com/wiki/Recoil), which I found to be a good summary of what I thought it is:
>
> Recoil is the backward momentum of a gun when it is discharging bullets and causes players' screens to "shake". This often causes the shooter to sway away from their intended target after the first shot due to the momentum "kicking" the shooter's aim. The higher the recoil, the more the screen will vibrate.
>
>
>
To which I will add a picture to illustrate (CSGO recoil pattern of AK47):
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/JVLOc.gif)
My question
-----------
This led me to wonder:
**Which game introduced this concept of recoil when shooting and thus the compensation necessary to be accurate while shooting say, full auto or rapidly, in a FPS ?** | 2020/01/16 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/362854",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/242748/"
] | More of an RPG with FPS elements than a pure FPS, but the original [System Shock](https://www.ttlg.com/ss1/faq/#3.1) from 1994 had projectile weapon recoil.
>
> This full-sized combat rifle is based on the 2064 Interlocutor KR-5.
> It's not quite as powerful as it sounds, and it produces a big recoil and thus has a longer recovery time than the other weapons. Still, it's handy to have around, and can dispatch most enemies with a couple of shots. Penetrator ammo is very scarce, but highly effective.
>
>
>
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/t5RV5.png) | According to [Phoenix: The Rise & Fall of Video Games, 3rd edition](https://retrocdn.net/images/e/e6/PhoenixtheFallandRiseofVideoGames_Book_US_3rd.pdf) :
In **1989** :
>
> Konix developed other controllers for the system. One was a light gun that had attachments to turn it into a light rifle. It even had a recoil when it fired to make it realistic.
>
>
>
[According to wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konix_Multisystem), the system with recoil was first demonstrated in February 1989 at Earls Court Exhibition Center in London.
(but this was physical recoil, not animated recoil)
In the **March 1984** issue of [Crash: Micro Games Action, page 25](https://archive.org/details/crash-magazine-02/page/n23), the game "The Pyramid" is reviewed and the review says:
>
> there is even a recoil effect on the laser
>
>
>
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/juafE.png)
(also if you consider military simulators, already by World War II there were [recoil simulators](https://patents.google.com/patent/US2398813A/en) for automatic weapon training) |
362,854 | Context
-------
This morning while watching a video of Wolfenstein 3D from 1992 and [Doom (1993)](https://youtu.be/xcwlOllUdK8?t=171) I noticed that weapons don’t need to be compensated for any recoil. Then on my trip down memory lane I watched a Half Life (1998) video and there, automatic weapons at least seemed to have some form of recoil.
There must have been something happening in between that introduced this feature into the game design of FPS, that is almost ubiquitous nowadays.
Definition of recoil
--------------------
For the definition of recoil, I will use the definition used in the [Counter Strike wiki](https://counterstrike.fandom.com/wiki/Recoil), which I found to be a good summary of what I thought it is:
>
> Recoil is the backward momentum of a gun when it is discharging bullets and causes players' screens to "shake". This often causes the shooter to sway away from their intended target after the first shot due to the momentum "kicking" the shooter's aim. The higher the recoil, the more the screen will vibrate.
>
>
>
To which I will add a picture to illustrate (CSGO recoil pattern of AK47):
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/JVLOc.gif)
My question
-----------
This led me to wonder:
**Which game introduced this concept of recoil when shooting and thus the compensation necessary to be accurate while shooting say, full auto or rapidly, in a FPS ?** | 2020/01/16 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/362854",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/242748/"
] | More of an RPG with FPS elements than a pure FPS, but the original [System Shock](https://www.ttlg.com/ss1/faq/#3.1) from 1994 had projectile weapon recoil.
>
> This full-sized combat rifle is based on the 2064 Interlocutor KR-5.
> It's not quite as powerful as it sounds, and it produces a big recoil and thus has a longer recovery time than the other weapons. Still, it's handy to have around, and can dispatch most enemies with a couple of shots. Penetrator ammo is very scarce, but highly effective.
>
>
>
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/t5RV5.png) | Quite frankly, I think you answered your own question by posting CS:GO's AK spray pattern. Counter strike 1.6 was released in 2000 and was a mod for half-life even before it's 2000 release. Most certainly the first game to implement a mechanic for compensating recoil(not recoil itself, but compensating for it) that was an absolute must know for playing. There may be other earlier games using some form of recoil before Wolf 3D, unfortunately, I don't know them.
As for Wolfenstein and Doom, both engines used auto aim, as the keyboard isn't that accurate for aiming. The chaingun from Doom had some kind of spray pattern when fired, as such, it was better to tap fire a maximum of 2 bullets to keep the aim straight on far away targets. Firing any more than 2 would offset the bullets in a increasingly more inaccurate spray. Super good at close range, not so on far away targets. In a sense, even Doom had a primitive form of recoil.
Most FPS game engines from the 90s where fairly arcade in essence and not simulating actual recoil. We are talking : Id Tech 1(doom),Build Engine(Duke Nukem),Unreal Engine(Unreal Tournament), Id Tech 2(Quake2), Id Tech 3(Quake 3). Any other engine with better recoil mechanics are basically forks of these. Even Half-life's engine is a heavily modified version of the Quake 1 engine.
So as far as I know, the omnipresent mechanic we know today without going too far away in the past is taken from games like Counter Strike, Call of Duty and Rainbow Six. |
362,854 | Context
-------
This morning while watching a video of Wolfenstein 3D from 1992 and [Doom (1993)](https://youtu.be/xcwlOllUdK8?t=171) I noticed that weapons don’t need to be compensated for any recoil. Then on my trip down memory lane I watched a Half Life (1998) video and there, automatic weapons at least seemed to have some form of recoil.
There must have been something happening in between that introduced this feature into the game design of FPS, that is almost ubiquitous nowadays.
Definition of recoil
--------------------
For the definition of recoil, I will use the definition used in the [Counter Strike wiki](https://counterstrike.fandom.com/wiki/Recoil), which I found to be a good summary of what I thought it is:
>
> Recoil is the backward momentum of a gun when it is discharging bullets and causes players' screens to "shake". This often causes the shooter to sway away from their intended target after the first shot due to the momentum "kicking" the shooter's aim. The higher the recoil, the more the screen will vibrate.
>
>
>
To which I will add a picture to illustrate (CSGO recoil pattern of AK47):
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/JVLOc.gif)
My question
-----------
This led me to wonder:
**Which game introduced this concept of recoil when shooting and thus the compensation necessary to be accurate while shooting say, full auto or rapidly, in a FPS ?** | 2020/01/16 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/362854",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/242748/"
] | The first shooter to display weapon recoil, that I have managed to find, is the [Dirty Harry (1990)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirty_Harry_(1990_video_game)) video game.
>
> The game is a side-scroller in which players must guide Dirty Harry throughout San Francisco. He wears a blue suit, although it can be exchanged for a white suit. He wields his signature Smith & Wesson Model 29, and players have the ability to draw the weapon without actually firing it. **The Smith & Wesson Model 29 also exhibits a recoil effect when fired.**
>
>
>
To fulfill the FPS requirement, [Time Crisis (1995)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_Crisis) might be your best bet as it was an arcade game so the point of view is your own eyes. I know from personal experience that the arcade machine forced recoil.
Most sources tend to be relating this back to the police Fire Arms Training Simulator (FATS) training systems, [like this article does, pg 15:](https://www.mediaed.org/transcripts/Game-Over-Transcript.pdf):
>
> Now we use large screen TVs and soldiers stand with plastic M-16s that fire laser beams that when you hit the target on the screen, the target drops. The law enforcement community extensively uses a device known as the FATS trainer: Fire Arms Training Simulator. You hold the gun in your hand, you pull the trigger,the slide slams back, you feel the recoil, you hit the target, the target drops, you miss the target, the target shoots you. It is a very effective law enforcement training device.
>
>
> But if you go to the local video arcade, you’ll find an almost identical device. A game such as **Time Crisis for example, in which you’ll find that the pistol, the slide slams back, it recoils in your hand**, if you hit the target the target drops, if you miss the target the target shoots you. The only difference is in the FATS trainer, if you shoot the wrong target, you’ll be reprimanded, ultimately even fired.But when the kids are playing the game there is no adult supervision, there is no standard, there is no control.
>
>
>
Or mass murder performed by children, [as this article does:](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CHRG-106shrg78656/html/CHRG-106shrg78656.htm)
>
> * Silent Scope has a mounted sniper gun with a scope. You sneak
> up on people and shoot ordinary people for no reason. When you
> kill, blood splatters everywhere. You get extra points if you
> shoot your victims in the head.
> * **Time Crisis and Time Crisis 2--This has a realistic recoil
> action gun. Guns make sounds like real gun sounds. It is 3D.**
> * Mortal Kombat series, Mortal Kombat Ultimate--This has
> joysticks. You use your fists and legs and feet. Bodies explode
> blood when you hit them. Mortal Kombat Ultimate says on the
> screen--``There is no Knowledge that is not Power.'' Does that
> mean that if you know how to kill someone, then you will have
> power?
>
>
> | According to [Phoenix: The Rise & Fall of Video Games, 3rd edition](https://retrocdn.net/images/e/e6/PhoenixtheFallandRiseofVideoGames_Book_US_3rd.pdf) :
In **1989** :
>
> Konix developed other controllers for the system. One was a light gun that had attachments to turn it into a light rifle. It even had a recoil when it fired to make it realistic.
>
>
>
[According to wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konix_Multisystem), the system with recoil was first demonstrated in February 1989 at Earls Court Exhibition Center in London.
(but this was physical recoil, not animated recoil)
In the **March 1984** issue of [Crash: Micro Games Action, page 25](https://archive.org/details/crash-magazine-02/page/n23), the game "The Pyramid" is reviewed and the review says:
>
> there is even a recoil effect on the laser
>
>
>
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/juafE.png)
(also if you consider military simulators, already by World War II there were [recoil simulators](https://patents.google.com/patent/US2398813A/en) for automatic weapon training) |
362,854 | Context
-------
This morning while watching a video of Wolfenstein 3D from 1992 and [Doom (1993)](https://youtu.be/xcwlOllUdK8?t=171) I noticed that weapons don’t need to be compensated for any recoil. Then on my trip down memory lane I watched a Half Life (1998) video and there, automatic weapons at least seemed to have some form of recoil.
There must have been something happening in between that introduced this feature into the game design of FPS, that is almost ubiquitous nowadays.
Definition of recoil
--------------------
For the definition of recoil, I will use the definition used in the [Counter Strike wiki](https://counterstrike.fandom.com/wiki/Recoil), which I found to be a good summary of what I thought it is:
>
> Recoil is the backward momentum of a gun when it is discharging bullets and causes players' screens to "shake". This often causes the shooter to sway away from their intended target after the first shot due to the momentum "kicking" the shooter's aim. The higher the recoil, the more the screen will vibrate.
>
>
>
To which I will add a picture to illustrate (CSGO recoil pattern of AK47):
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/JVLOc.gif)
My question
-----------
This led me to wonder:
**Which game introduced this concept of recoil when shooting and thus the compensation necessary to be accurate while shooting say, full auto or rapidly, in a FPS ?** | 2020/01/16 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/362854",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/242748/"
] | The first shooter to display weapon recoil, that I have managed to find, is the [Dirty Harry (1990)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirty_Harry_(1990_video_game)) video game.
>
> The game is a side-scroller in which players must guide Dirty Harry throughout San Francisco. He wears a blue suit, although it can be exchanged for a white suit. He wields his signature Smith & Wesson Model 29, and players have the ability to draw the weapon without actually firing it. **The Smith & Wesson Model 29 also exhibits a recoil effect when fired.**
>
>
>
To fulfill the FPS requirement, [Time Crisis (1995)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_Crisis) might be your best bet as it was an arcade game so the point of view is your own eyes. I know from personal experience that the arcade machine forced recoil.
Most sources tend to be relating this back to the police Fire Arms Training Simulator (FATS) training systems, [like this article does, pg 15:](https://www.mediaed.org/transcripts/Game-Over-Transcript.pdf):
>
> Now we use large screen TVs and soldiers stand with plastic M-16s that fire laser beams that when you hit the target on the screen, the target drops. The law enforcement community extensively uses a device known as the FATS trainer: Fire Arms Training Simulator. You hold the gun in your hand, you pull the trigger,the slide slams back, you feel the recoil, you hit the target, the target drops, you miss the target, the target shoots you. It is a very effective law enforcement training device.
>
>
> But if you go to the local video arcade, you’ll find an almost identical device. A game such as **Time Crisis for example, in which you’ll find that the pistol, the slide slams back, it recoils in your hand**, if you hit the target the target drops, if you miss the target the target shoots you. The only difference is in the FATS trainer, if you shoot the wrong target, you’ll be reprimanded, ultimately even fired.But when the kids are playing the game there is no adult supervision, there is no standard, there is no control.
>
>
>
Or mass murder performed by children, [as this article does:](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CHRG-106shrg78656/html/CHRG-106shrg78656.htm)
>
> * Silent Scope has a mounted sniper gun with a scope. You sneak
> up on people and shoot ordinary people for no reason. When you
> kill, blood splatters everywhere. You get extra points if you
> shoot your victims in the head.
> * **Time Crisis and Time Crisis 2--This has a realistic recoil
> action gun. Guns make sounds like real gun sounds. It is 3D.**
> * Mortal Kombat series, Mortal Kombat Ultimate--This has
> joysticks. You use your fists and legs and feet. Bodies explode
> blood when you hit them. Mortal Kombat Ultimate says on the
> screen--``There is no Knowledge that is not Power.'' Does that
> mean that if you know how to kill someone, then you will have
> power?
>
>
> | Quite frankly, I think you answered your own question by posting CS:GO's AK spray pattern. Counter strike 1.6 was released in 2000 and was a mod for half-life even before it's 2000 release. Most certainly the first game to implement a mechanic for compensating recoil(not recoil itself, but compensating for it) that was an absolute must know for playing. There may be other earlier games using some form of recoil before Wolf 3D, unfortunately, I don't know them.
As for Wolfenstein and Doom, both engines used auto aim, as the keyboard isn't that accurate for aiming. The chaingun from Doom had some kind of spray pattern when fired, as such, it was better to tap fire a maximum of 2 bullets to keep the aim straight on far away targets. Firing any more than 2 would offset the bullets in a increasingly more inaccurate spray. Super good at close range, not so on far away targets. In a sense, even Doom had a primitive form of recoil.
Most FPS game engines from the 90s where fairly arcade in essence and not simulating actual recoil. We are talking : Id Tech 1(doom),Build Engine(Duke Nukem),Unreal Engine(Unreal Tournament), Id Tech 2(Quake2), Id Tech 3(Quake 3). Any other engine with better recoil mechanics are basically forks of these. Even Half-life's engine is a heavily modified version of the Quake 1 engine.
So as far as I know, the omnipresent mechanic we know today without going too far away in the past is taken from games like Counter Strike, Call of Duty and Rainbow Six. |
362,854 | Context
-------
This morning while watching a video of Wolfenstein 3D from 1992 and [Doom (1993)](https://youtu.be/xcwlOllUdK8?t=171) I noticed that weapons don’t need to be compensated for any recoil. Then on my trip down memory lane I watched a Half Life (1998) video and there, automatic weapons at least seemed to have some form of recoil.
There must have been something happening in between that introduced this feature into the game design of FPS, that is almost ubiquitous nowadays.
Definition of recoil
--------------------
For the definition of recoil, I will use the definition used in the [Counter Strike wiki](https://counterstrike.fandom.com/wiki/Recoil), which I found to be a good summary of what I thought it is:
>
> Recoil is the backward momentum of a gun when it is discharging bullets and causes players' screens to "shake". This often causes the shooter to sway away from their intended target after the first shot due to the momentum "kicking" the shooter's aim. The higher the recoil, the more the screen will vibrate.
>
>
>
To which I will add a picture to illustrate (CSGO recoil pattern of AK47):
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/JVLOc.gif)
My question
-----------
This led me to wonder:
**Which game introduced this concept of recoil when shooting and thus the compensation necessary to be accurate while shooting say, full auto or rapidly, in a FPS ?** | 2020/01/16 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/362854",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/242748/"
] | According to [Phoenix: The Rise & Fall of Video Games, 3rd edition](https://retrocdn.net/images/e/e6/PhoenixtheFallandRiseofVideoGames_Book_US_3rd.pdf) :
In **1989** :
>
> Konix developed other controllers for the system. One was a light gun that had attachments to turn it into a light rifle. It even had a recoil when it fired to make it realistic.
>
>
>
[According to wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konix_Multisystem), the system with recoil was first demonstrated in February 1989 at Earls Court Exhibition Center in London.
(but this was physical recoil, not animated recoil)
In the **March 1984** issue of [Crash: Micro Games Action, page 25](https://archive.org/details/crash-magazine-02/page/n23), the game "The Pyramid" is reviewed and the review says:
>
> there is even a recoil effect on the laser
>
>
>
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/juafE.png)
(also if you consider military simulators, already by World War II there were [recoil simulators](https://patents.google.com/patent/US2398813A/en) for automatic weapon training) | Quite frankly, I think you answered your own question by posting CS:GO's AK spray pattern. Counter strike 1.6 was released in 2000 and was a mod for half-life even before it's 2000 release. Most certainly the first game to implement a mechanic for compensating recoil(not recoil itself, but compensating for it) that was an absolute must know for playing. There may be other earlier games using some form of recoil before Wolf 3D, unfortunately, I don't know them.
As for Wolfenstein and Doom, both engines used auto aim, as the keyboard isn't that accurate for aiming. The chaingun from Doom had some kind of spray pattern when fired, as such, it was better to tap fire a maximum of 2 bullets to keep the aim straight on far away targets. Firing any more than 2 would offset the bullets in a increasingly more inaccurate spray. Super good at close range, not so on far away targets. In a sense, even Doom had a primitive form of recoil.
Most FPS game engines from the 90s where fairly arcade in essence and not simulating actual recoil. We are talking : Id Tech 1(doom),Build Engine(Duke Nukem),Unreal Engine(Unreal Tournament), Id Tech 2(Quake2), Id Tech 3(Quake 3). Any other engine with better recoil mechanics are basically forks of these. Even Half-life's engine is a heavily modified version of the Quake 1 engine.
So as far as I know, the omnipresent mechanic we know today without going too far away in the past is taken from games like Counter Strike, Call of Duty and Rainbow Six. |
2,782,923 | Forgive me, but I don't know the technical term to know what to search for.
I am trying to find a way to keep track of changes in my code during the development of my program. something that would allow me to go back to a section of code that I deleted. I am not talking about "undo". But rather a way that would let me keep track or be able to retrieve a section of my code that I deleted but now want it back.
Is there such a way? If there is, then what is this whole system/procedure called? Is there something that integrates with Visual Studio 2010? | 2010/05/06 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2782923",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/326129/"
] | It's called [Revision Control](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revision_control). | Please read this thread here at SO: [Keeping track of changes I make by copying project folders](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1050441/keeping-track-of-changes-i-make-by-copying-project-folders). |
2,782,923 | Forgive me, but I don't know the technical term to know what to search for.
I am trying to find a way to keep track of changes in my code during the development of my program. something that would allow me to go back to a section of code that I deleted. I am not talking about "undo". But rather a way that would let me keep track or be able to retrieve a section of my code that I deleted but now want it back.
Is there such a way? If there is, then what is this whole system/procedure called? Is there something that integrates with Visual Studio 2010? | 2010/05/06 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2782923",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/326129/"
] | The term you are looking for is Source Control. Modern source control's provide all the functionality you described plus much more.
Team Foundation Server seamlessly integrates into VS2010 and is very useful. Read through [Source Control for Visual Studio](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/zxd4dfad%28v=VS.80%29.aspx) to get up to speed. | I'm not familiar with Visual Studio, but generally there are two approaches to implementing this:
1) Source/Revision control - But the problem is that it is very low-granularity, you usually commit a file when it is ready, but lose any interim changes. There are a lot of solutions compatible with visual studio.
2) A local history that tracks multiple versions between commits. Eclipse has this built in, not sure how to access it in VS.
3) A very granular log of all your development activities so you can examine and revert past changes. Not familiar with a commercial version of this. I once developed something like this for Eclipse. |
2,782,923 | Forgive me, but I don't know the technical term to know what to search for.
I am trying to find a way to keep track of changes in my code during the development of my program. something that would allow me to go back to a section of code that I deleted. I am not talking about "undo". But rather a way that would let me keep track or be able to retrieve a section of my code that I deleted but now want it back.
Is there such a way? If there is, then what is this whole system/procedure called? Is there something that integrates with Visual Studio 2010? | 2010/05/06 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2782923",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/326129/"
] | subversion has a lot of mind share these days, but it's very old-school, first-gen tech. Distributed revision control is gaining a lot of momentum and I'd highly recommend that you become familiar with it if you're going to be a code monkey professional. Look up mercurial (also referred to as hg) or bazaar. If nothing else, perforce - a professional, commercial revision control tool - is free for up to two users. It works very well, as long as you keep your branching craziness to a minimum. | Every source control does that, you know ;)
YOu have a legal VIsual Studio 2010? Try Team System. |
2,782,923 | Forgive me, but I don't know the technical term to know what to search for.
I am trying to find a way to keep track of changes in my code during the development of my program. something that would allow me to go back to a section of code that I deleted. I am not talking about "undo". But rather a way that would let me keep track or be able to retrieve a section of my code that I deleted but now want it back.
Is there such a way? If there is, then what is this whole system/procedure called? Is there something that integrates with Visual Studio 2010? | 2010/05/06 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2782923",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/326129/"
] | Please read this thread here at SO: [Keeping track of changes I make by copying project folders](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1050441/keeping-track-of-changes-i-make-by-copying-project-folders). | Every source control does that, you know ;)
YOu have a legal VIsual Studio 2010? Try Team System. |
2,782,923 | Forgive me, but I don't know the technical term to know what to search for.
I am trying to find a way to keep track of changes in my code during the development of my program. something that would allow me to go back to a section of code that I deleted. I am not talking about "undo". But rather a way that would let me keep track or be able to retrieve a section of my code that I deleted but now want it back.
Is there such a way? If there is, then what is this whole system/procedure called? Is there something that integrates with Visual Studio 2010? | 2010/05/06 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2782923",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/326129/"
] | I'm not familiar with Visual Studio, but generally there are two approaches to implementing this:
1) Source/Revision control - But the problem is that it is very low-granularity, you usually commit a file when it is ready, but lose any interim changes. There are a lot of solutions compatible with visual studio.
2) A local history that tracks multiple versions between commits. Eclipse has this built in, not sure how to access it in VS.
3) A very granular log of all your development activities so you can examine and revert past changes. Not familiar with a commercial version of this. I once developed something like this for Eclipse. | Every source control does that, you know ;)
YOu have a legal VIsual Studio 2010? Try Team System. |
2,782,923 | Forgive me, but I don't know the technical term to know what to search for.
I am trying to find a way to keep track of changes in my code during the development of my program. something that would allow me to go back to a section of code that I deleted. I am not talking about "undo". But rather a way that would let me keep track or be able to retrieve a section of my code that I deleted but now want it back.
Is there such a way? If there is, then what is this whole system/procedure called? Is there something that integrates with Visual Studio 2010? | 2010/05/06 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2782923",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/326129/"
] | It's called [Revision Control](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revision_control). | The term you are looking for is Source Control. Modern source control's provide all the functionality you described plus much more.
Team Foundation Server seamlessly integrates into VS2010 and is very useful. Read through [Source Control for Visual Studio](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/zxd4dfad%28v=VS.80%29.aspx) to get up to speed. |
2,782,923 | Forgive me, but I don't know the technical term to know what to search for.
I am trying to find a way to keep track of changes in my code during the development of my program. something that would allow me to go back to a section of code that I deleted. I am not talking about "undo". But rather a way that would let me keep track or be able to retrieve a section of my code that I deleted but now want it back.
Is there such a way? If there is, then what is this whole system/procedure called? Is there something that integrates with Visual Studio 2010? | 2010/05/06 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2782923",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/326129/"
] | you could use
**SVN**
or
**GIT**
but for local use, I would prefer SVN. its free and its easy.
For visual studio there are a few SVN client plugins (like VisualSVN). But, I would suggest TortoiseSVN as the client.
To be clear, SVN is the server, TortoiseSVN is the client. (Both are free open source tools) | The term you are looking for is Source Control. Modern source control's provide all the functionality you described plus much more.
Team Foundation Server seamlessly integrates into VS2010 and is very useful. Read through [Source Control for Visual Studio](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/zxd4dfad%28v=VS.80%29.aspx) to get up to speed. |
2,782,923 | Forgive me, but I don't know the technical term to know what to search for.
I am trying to find a way to keep track of changes in my code during the development of my program. something that would allow me to go back to a section of code that I deleted. I am not talking about "undo". But rather a way that would let me keep track or be able to retrieve a section of my code that I deleted but now want it back.
Is there such a way? If there is, then what is this whole system/procedure called? Is there something that integrates with Visual Studio 2010? | 2010/05/06 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2782923",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/326129/"
] | you could use
**SVN**
or
**GIT**
but for local use, I would prefer SVN. its free and its easy.
For visual studio there are a few SVN client plugins (like VisualSVN). But, I would suggest TortoiseSVN as the client.
To be clear, SVN is the server, TortoiseSVN is the client. (Both are free open source tools) | subversion has a lot of mind share these days, but it's very old-school, first-gen tech. Distributed revision control is gaining a lot of momentum and I'd highly recommend that you become familiar with it if you're going to be a code monkey professional. Look up mercurial (also referred to as hg) or bazaar. If nothing else, perforce - a professional, commercial revision control tool - is free for up to two users. It works very well, as long as you keep your branching craziness to a minimum. |
2,782,923 | Forgive me, but I don't know the technical term to know what to search for.
I am trying to find a way to keep track of changes in my code during the development of my program. something that would allow me to go back to a section of code that I deleted. I am not talking about "undo". But rather a way that would let me keep track or be able to retrieve a section of my code that I deleted but now want it back.
Is there such a way? If there is, then what is this whole system/procedure called? Is there something that integrates with Visual Studio 2010? | 2010/05/06 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2782923",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/326129/"
] | The term you are looking for is Source Control. Modern source control's provide all the functionality you described plus much more.
Team Foundation Server seamlessly integrates into VS2010 and is very useful. Read through [Source Control for Visual Studio](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/zxd4dfad%28v=VS.80%29.aspx) to get up to speed. | subversion has a lot of mind share these days, but it's very old-school, first-gen tech. Distributed revision control is gaining a lot of momentum and I'd highly recommend that you become familiar with it if you're going to be a code monkey professional. Look up mercurial (also referred to as hg) or bazaar. If nothing else, perforce - a professional, commercial revision control tool - is free for up to two users. It works very well, as long as you keep your branching craziness to a minimum. |
2,782,923 | Forgive me, but I don't know the technical term to know what to search for.
I am trying to find a way to keep track of changes in my code during the development of my program. something that would allow me to go back to a section of code that I deleted. I am not talking about "undo". But rather a way that would let me keep track or be able to retrieve a section of my code that I deleted but now want it back.
Is there such a way? If there is, then what is this whole system/procedure called? Is there something that integrates with Visual Studio 2010? | 2010/05/06 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2782923",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/326129/"
] | The term you are looking for is Source Control. Modern source control's provide all the functionality you described plus much more.
Team Foundation Server seamlessly integrates into VS2010 and is very useful. Read through [Source Control for Visual Studio](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/zxd4dfad%28v=VS.80%29.aspx) to get up to speed. | Every source control does that, you know ;)
YOu have a legal VIsual Studio 2010? Try Team System. |
90,589 | I want to start deep frying at home in a pot. I read that you can reuse the oil a couple of times and that the quality and taste decreases because of the bits at the bottom, that are being burned (basically sauted, right?) while the rest is frying.
I was thinking of using a pasta sieve inside my pot, which (hopefully) catches those bits, keeping them from burning at the bottom.
Has anyone tried that and does that sound like a good idea? | 2018/06/26 | [
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/questions/90589",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/users/39115/"
] | Your pasta sieve will not be fine enough and it will not prevent what you think it will. The particulates in the oil that burn are burning because your oil it hot enough to burn them. Keeping them suspended above the bottom won't prevent the burning. They will still be submerged in hot oil.
When your oil starts to get older simply run it through a very fine mesh or filter (I use coffee filters) to strain the sediment. | Yes, you can although you will need to line the strainer with something to act as a filter. We do a double lining of kitchen paper and when the oil is cooled, we run it through, jar it and refrigerate. Paper coffee filters will work well too. |
134,075 | I have two magical stones. The first one—let's call it fire stone—is a stone that able to increase its temperature equal to that of a normal fire. The second one—as you might already guess, is the ice stone—is the stone that is able to decrease its temperature to equal to a normal water ice.
These two stones would have a room temperature which is normal but, when induced with magic from the user, they would do their job then revert back to normal temperature in the matter of seconds. Also, the stones will shrink with every application of magic.
Some additional considerations:
* The society would use these stones mainly to boil or freeze liquid. For example, to use as steam engine fuel or to keep beverages stay hot or cold, etc.
* The magic works with physical contact, but there also exists an aluminum-like material that could "channel" magic and act like wire. Let's call it 'channelium'.
* The stones are easy to shape and non-poisonous.
* PREFERRED: Method/design that doesn't use electricity.
Back to the question in the title, I'd been thinking, perhaps we could use the vacuum flask (thermos) design. Perhaps we could build the thermos cap with channelium that would then have the stones attached in it, so we could replace the stone easily. But it would raise another concern with channelium, now it is too hot/cold to touch! I don't even know about the possible problems that might occur with the real thermos design, pressure maybe?
So, what another properties should I give to the channelium beside channeling magic? Are there another plausible approaches to design the fire & ice stone temperature container, with or without channelium?
EDIT: I don't know about fire temperature difference from the different fuels, but it could be more or less like 'coal fire', since that is what they use for steam engines in the "industrial revolution", isn't it?
EDIT2: To avoid future confusion; channelium needs physical contact in order to connect the magic. So basically, if your hand touches channelium and then the channelium touches the magical stone, the magical energy will travel from your hand to the channelium and then to the magical stone in an instant. | 2018/12/16 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/134075",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/58271/"
] | Coat the inside of your thermos with channelium and drop in the type of stone you want. Replace it with a different stone when needed. | The stones shrink, assuming only the surface area shrinks you want to have as large round stones as possible so theres the least surface area to shrink, while having as much volume that generates energy per use.
A thermos is designed to contain a hot liquid while losing as little heat energy as possible, making it possible for the user to handle the thermos without burning their hands.
You create a normal thermos, and similar to a water cooker you put a heating element made out of channelium inside. Rather than in the top of the thermos you create a compartment in the bottom that you can unscrew and place a stone inside off. The compartment is made of the same insulating materials as the thermos on the outside and inlaid with channelium on the inside. This way you have an easier time picking up the flask on the top and the bottom has more space for insulation to prevent burning your hand. Its not an oxynegation reaction when the Stone heats up so no fear of sudden melting or fire if the material can stand the heat alone. The maximum size of the stone can be chosen to limit the maximum energy output per use and prevent problems while still heating the contents.
Edit:
Its actually an intriguing thing. As a large sphere these have the most uses before expiring meaning the most energy generation over time. Grind them to smaller and smaller pieces and they have the most surface area for the fastest energy transfer but also reduce in size much faster. |
134,075 | I have two magical stones. The first one—let's call it fire stone—is a stone that able to increase its temperature equal to that of a normal fire. The second one—as you might already guess, is the ice stone—is the stone that is able to decrease its temperature to equal to a normal water ice.
These two stones would have a room temperature which is normal but, when induced with magic from the user, they would do their job then revert back to normal temperature in the matter of seconds. Also, the stones will shrink with every application of magic.
Some additional considerations:
* The society would use these stones mainly to boil or freeze liquid. For example, to use as steam engine fuel or to keep beverages stay hot or cold, etc.
* The magic works with physical contact, but there also exists an aluminum-like material that could "channel" magic and act like wire. Let's call it 'channelium'.
* The stones are easy to shape and non-poisonous.
* PREFERRED: Method/design that doesn't use electricity.
Back to the question in the title, I'd been thinking, perhaps we could use the vacuum flask (thermos) design. Perhaps we could build the thermos cap with channelium that would then have the stones attached in it, so we could replace the stone easily. But it would raise another concern with channelium, now it is too hot/cold to touch! I don't even know about the possible problems that might occur with the real thermos design, pressure maybe?
So, what another properties should I give to the channelium beside channeling magic? Are there another plausible approaches to design the fire & ice stone temperature container, with or without channelium?
EDIT: I don't know about fire temperature difference from the different fuels, but it could be more or less like 'coal fire', since that is what they use for steam engines in the "industrial revolution", isn't it?
EDIT2: To avoid future confusion; channelium needs physical contact in order to connect the magic. So basically, if your hand touches channelium and then the channelium touches the magical stone, the magical energy will travel from your hand to the channelium and then to the magical stone in an instant. | 2018/12/16 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/134075",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/58271/"
] | Weave a mesh basket like a tea infuser out of channelium with a long chain or wire handle.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/WKv2R.jpg)
Put the stone inside the channelium basket.
Use the handle to lower and raise the stone into and out of whatever container you are using.
The mesh allows for circulation of liquid around the stone, and keeps the stone in place, so long as you remove it before it shrinks to the point it's smaller than the weave of the mesh, while also allowing constant contact with the channelium.
And it'll work with any container made from whatever material you happen to have handy. | The stones shrink, assuming only the surface area shrinks you want to have as large round stones as possible so theres the least surface area to shrink, while having as much volume that generates energy per use.
A thermos is designed to contain a hot liquid while losing as little heat energy as possible, making it possible for the user to handle the thermos without burning their hands.
You create a normal thermos, and similar to a water cooker you put a heating element made out of channelium inside. Rather than in the top of the thermos you create a compartment in the bottom that you can unscrew and place a stone inside off. The compartment is made of the same insulating materials as the thermos on the outside and inlaid with channelium on the inside. This way you have an easier time picking up the flask on the top and the bottom has more space for insulation to prevent burning your hand. Its not an oxynegation reaction when the Stone heats up so no fear of sudden melting or fire if the material can stand the heat alone. The maximum size of the stone can be chosen to limit the maximum energy output per use and prevent problems while still heating the contents.
Edit:
Its actually an intriguing thing. As a large sphere these have the most uses before expiring meaning the most energy generation over time. Grind them to smaller and smaller pieces and they have the most surface area for the fastest energy transfer but also reduce in size much faster. |
134,075 | I have two magical stones. The first one—let's call it fire stone—is a stone that able to increase its temperature equal to that of a normal fire. The second one—as you might already guess, is the ice stone—is the stone that is able to decrease its temperature to equal to a normal water ice.
These two stones would have a room temperature which is normal but, when induced with magic from the user, they would do their job then revert back to normal temperature in the matter of seconds. Also, the stones will shrink with every application of magic.
Some additional considerations:
* The society would use these stones mainly to boil or freeze liquid. For example, to use as steam engine fuel or to keep beverages stay hot or cold, etc.
* The magic works with physical contact, but there also exists an aluminum-like material that could "channel" magic and act like wire. Let's call it 'channelium'.
* The stones are easy to shape and non-poisonous.
* PREFERRED: Method/design that doesn't use electricity.
Back to the question in the title, I'd been thinking, perhaps we could use the vacuum flask (thermos) design. Perhaps we could build the thermos cap with channelium that would then have the stones attached in it, so we could replace the stone easily. But it would raise another concern with channelium, now it is too hot/cold to touch! I don't even know about the possible problems that might occur with the real thermos design, pressure maybe?
So, what another properties should I give to the channelium beside channeling magic? Are there another plausible approaches to design the fire & ice stone temperature container, with or without channelium?
EDIT: I don't know about fire temperature difference from the different fuels, but it could be more or less like 'coal fire', since that is what they use for steam engines in the "industrial revolution", isn't it?
EDIT2: To avoid future confusion; channelium needs physical contact in order to connect the magic. So basically, if your hand touches channelium and then the channelium touches the magical stone, the magical energy will travel from your hand to the channelium and then to the magical stone in an instant. | 2018/12/16 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/134075",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/58271/"
] | Weave a mesh basket like a tea infuser out of channelium with a long chain or wire handle.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/WKv2R.jpg)
Put the stone inside the channelium basket.
Use the handle to lower and raise the stone into and out of whatever container you are using.
The mesh allows for circulation of liquid around the stone, and keeps the stone in place, so long as you remove it before it shrinks to the point it's smaller than the weave of the mesh, while also allowing constant contact with the channelium.
And it'll work with any container made from whatever material you happen to have handy. | Coat the inside of your thermos with channelium and drop in the type of stone you want. Replace it with a different stone when needed. |
116,143 | I was attempting to roast a head of cauliflower with olive oil and seasonings so it comes out crispy. Following the instructions, I roasted it for 35 minutes at 450°F (the recipe said 30 minutes, but it didn't seem done), stirring once halfway through. However, after they cooled, it appears that they've steamed instead of roasted. My guess would be that I put too many on the sheet. Can I stick them back in the oven for another try? If so, for how long, and should I use more oil? | 2021/06/20 | [
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/questions/116143",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/users/76962/"
] | No, cooking them for too long will make them mushy, whether they’re roasty or not. You could try oiling then a bit and sticking them under the broiler for a couple of minutes (watch them closely!), but i wouldn’t cook them longer than that. | At that point, I'd try buttering and grilling them to add some brownness, and maybe a little cheese.
If the food has steamed, means there was a lot of moisture there in the first place. Could be you washed all the heads but they still had a lot of water, which steamed in the oven and kept the overall temperature too low to roast.
Your other option to save the food, is smash out a quick white sauce, dump in some grated cheese, and then pour it over the cauliflower for Cauliflower Cheese. Optionally grille that for a crispy brown top too. |
116,143 | I was attempting to roast a head of cauliflower with olive oil and seasonings so it comes out crispy. Following the instructions, I roasted it for 35 minutes at 450°F (the recipe said 30 minutes, but it didn't seem done), stirring once halfway through. However, after they cooled, it appears that they've steamed instead of roasted. My guess would be that I put too many on the sheet. Can I stick them back in the oven for another try? If so, for how long, and should I use more oil? | 2021/06/20 | [
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/questions/116143",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/users/76962/"
] | No, cooking them for too long will make them mushy, whether they’re roasty or not. You could try oiling then a bit and sticking them under the broiler for a couple of minutes (watch them closely!), but i wouldn’t cook them longer than that. | Vegetables get mushy when cooked because the cell walls burst. There's no way to restore that cellular structure that by cooking more. You might be able to dry them out by cooking for longer but you will never restore their [turgidity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turgor_pressure). |
116,143 | I was attempting to roast a head of cauliflower with olive oil and seasonings so it comes out crispy. Following the instructions, I roasted it for 35 minutes at 450°F (the recipe said 30 minutes, but it didn't seem done), stirring once halfway through. However, after they cooled, it appears that they've steamed instead of roasted. My guess would be that I put too many on the sheet. Can I stick them back in the oven for another try? If so, for how long, and should I use more oil? | 2021/06/20 | [
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/questions/116143",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/users/76962/"
] | No, cooking them for too long will make them mushy, whether they’re roasty or not. You could try oiling then a bit and sticking them under the broiler for a couple of minutes (watch them closely!), but i wouldn’t cook them longer than that. | A dusting of carb -sugar flour or starch- clinging to the oily surface will create a crispy crust after a short hot roasting time.
Below that layer, soft. |
116,143 | I was attempting to roast a head of cauliflower with olive oil and seasonings so it comes out crispy. Following the instructions, I roasted it for 35 minutes at 450°F (the recipe said 30 minutes, but it didn't seem done), stirring once halfway through. However, after they cooled, it appears that they've steamed instead of roasted. My guess would be that I put too many on the sheet. Can I stick them back in the oven for another try? If so, for how long, and should I use more oil? | 2021/06/20 | [
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/questions/116143",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/users/76962/"
] | At that point, I'd try buttering and grilling them to add some brownness, and maybe a little cheese.
If the food has steamed, means there was a lot of moisture there in the first place. Could be you washed all the heads but they still had a lot of water, which steamed in the oven and kept the overall temperature too low to roast.
Your other option to save the food, is smash out a quick white sauce, dump in some grated cheese, and then pour it over the cauliflower for Cauliflower Cheese. Optionally grille that for a crispy brown top too. | Vegetables get mushy when cooked because the cell walls burst. There's no way to restore that cellular structure that by cooking more. You might be able to dry them out by cooking for longer but you will never restore their [turgidity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turgor_pressure). |
116,143 | I was attempting to roast a head of cauliflower with olive oil and seasonings so it comes out crispy. Following the instructions, I roasted it for 35 minutes at 450°F (the recipe said 30 minutes, but it didn't seem done), stirring once halfway through. However, after they cooled, it appears that they've steamed instead of roasted. My guess would be that I put too many on the sheet. Can I stick them back in the oven for another try? If so, for how long, and should I use more oil? | 2021/06/20 | [
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/questions/116143",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/users/76962/"
] | At that point, I'd try buttering and grilling them to add some brownness, and maybe a little cheese.
If the food has steamed, means there was a lot of moisture there in the first place. Could be you washed all the heads but they still had a lot of water, which steamed in the oven and kept the overall temperature too low to roast.
Your other option to save the food, is smash out a quick white sauce, dump in some grated cheese, and then pour it over the cauliflower for Cauliflower Cheese. Optionally grille that for a crispy brown top too. | A dusting of carb -sugar flour or starch- clinging to the oily surface will create a crispy crust after a short hot roasting time.
Below that layer, soft. |
5,509 | I'm looking to build strength. I'm not concerned with size or bigger muscles so much as strength.
At the moment I eat a lot of meat and carbs. For most meals I tend to eat things like donor kebabs, burgers, chicken, pizza, subway subs etc.
A lot might be considered junk food, although a lot is freshly made from decent restaurants.
From what I understand protein is what is important for strength building. Is a high meat diet good for this? Does it matter if the meat comes from junk food sources, e.g. a quarter pounder from McDonalds? | 2012/02/18 | [
"https://fitness.stackexchange.com/questions/5509",
"https://fitness.stackexchange.com",
"https://fitness.stackexchange.com/users/2921/"
] | If your only goal is strength, and you are getting at least 1g protein per pound body weight, then all the extra calories will be used for energy. Whether you use fat or carbs, your body still uses those macronutrients for energy. This sounds quite compatible with Mark Rippetoe's view on dietary requirements.
I think in many ways Rip's recommendations are overstated, because if you eat a lot more than you need, you will gain a good amount of fat along with your new muscle. That in turn makes it hard to move, and use your strength. To help keep things in balance, make sure your exercise has the following components:
* Strength (low rep, high weight)
* Hypertrophy (high rep, low-to-medium weight)
* Conditioning
* Mobility
* **Rest** (cannot be overstated)
Whatever it is you are focused on, you simply prioritize that component in your programming over the others. However, you should have all of the components to be truly successful. The conditioning and mobility will improve your ability to perform and use your strength on demand--as well as learn new techniques.
If you keep your strength portion focused around the four main compound exercises--overhead press, deadlift, squat, and bench press--and your assistance exercises in the hypertrophy range, you will do really well.
Basically, if you gain weight too fast, you will need to adjust the way you eat. Gaining too fast means you are gaining more fat than muscle. One way to do that is to have a protein shake before each meal. It keeps your protein up, and helps fill you up before you start diving in to the fast food. | If the sole goal is gaining strength, the source doesn't matter so much. If you're getting 50 grams of all the essential amino acids (most meat covers this) then you're fine.
The caveat is fast food has a lot of bad side effects. Your cardio will improve when you drop the McDonalds. |
221,954 | I'm a beginner in servers, and I was wondering if it would be possible to make a sell/buy system for lands, where players can build and do all the stuff they want while their land is protected, and at a specific time I can disable that land protection so people can build in other houses, steal their stuff, etc.
and then re-enable it just like it was without having all people reclaiming their land
Is this sort of thing possible? | 2015/06/02 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/221954",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/114366/"
] | **Note:** This guide is for Oldschool RuneScape only, as RS3 has many differences in training for XP as well as huge distinctions from OSRS in weaponry and combat.
It's extremely difficult to determine the exact order in which to train these two skills as each level provides minor marginal benefits which change based on the weapon you're using. It may be up to you to decide which is more important to you in terms of accuracy or damage, but there are a few things to consider to help guide you in your combat routing:
* The amount of experience it takes to increase 7 levels in a skill is roughly the same as it takes to get to that level (starting from level 30 or so). So your experience at level 60 will be 273,742 and it will take 274,211 XP to get to 67. Therefore, a relatively balanced approach is best to keep marginal benefit/level high.
* Gaining levels in strength only increases XP/hour when your maximum hit increases, so it doesn't make sense to train strength unless you are planning on doing so until your max hit increases.
* Wielding a better weapon increases both your accuracy and maximum hit, so it is highly desirable to reach the next weapon type plateau if you are close in attack level.
* Note that changing weapon types will change how many strength levels you need to increase your max hit. This also applies to certain pieces of armor such as enchanted amulets and metal boots.
* I actually **do** suggest training defence, as it can decrease the amount of damage you take, thereby decrease the amount of food you need to consume while training and therefore decreasing the number of bank trips you have to take. It will also open up other options for increasing damage output such as [metal boots](https://oldschool.runescape.wiki/w/Rune_boots) and [defenders](https://oldschool.runescape.wiki/w/Defender).
Using these suggestions, I would say to increase your strength until your max hit rises. Then, [use a max hit calculator](http://rs.vksoft.eu/oldschool/max-hit-calculator/) to check how many levels it would take to increase it again. If this is past your next weapon plateau (so if you're using adamant, that would be 40), then train attack until you reach that plateau. Then switch weapons and repeat the process. I would also train defense so that it's less than 20 levels below your attack (so mith if you're using a rune weapon), but that's up to you. | It's really REALLY, debatable, I've been playing RS for many years and when I was starting out I was paying a lot of attention to numbers.
While strength increases **maximum possible hit**, the damage output is not reliable enough. Same goes for attack, higher chance to hit, however, you can't really measure how much it increases, furthermore, some monsters are harder to hit with lower attack (you might be noticing that in slayer).
To feel a real difference you would have to compare multiple hours of killing
My suggestion is to focus your training on equipping higher strength/speed (accuracy if strength/speed ratio doesn't suffer) weapons (since they grant both accuracy and strength boost) and once you can equip your best one you can afford focus on strength.
Since you asked for formulas: I found [RS/RS2 Formulas](http://forum.tip.it/topic/199687-runescape-formulas-revealed/), i see some for max hits, however, i doubt you'll see anything specific for attack since calculation also involves defense of the target AND relies on chance. |
2,442,639 | I am looking for compare utility similar for "win merge" or "beyond compare" .
That in addition for gui comparison will have api that i will be able to run on my files via my code and see if the files are the same or not and also use it in gui mode to show graphically the differences .
Any recommendations ?
thanks | 2010/03/14 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2442639",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/140100/"
] | Check out [Araxis Merge](http://www.araxis.com/merge/index.html) - it's a two-way or three-way diff utility, it can handle ANSI, ASCII and Unicode files (it can even compare an ANSI file to a Unicode file!), and it offers both a command-line interface, as well as an [automation API](http://www.araxis.com/merge/automation_ref.html) for including its smarts into your own apps.
Highly recommended! | WinMerge IS open source, you could modify it to do what you want (even though I am pretty sure it does have command line access and an API you could use). |
2,442,639 | I am looking for compare utility similar for "win merge" or "beyond compare" .
That in addition for gui comparison will have api that i will be able to run on my files via my code and see if the files are the same or not and also use it in gui mode to show graphically the differences .
Any recommendations ?
thanks | 2010/03/14 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2442639",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/140100/"
] | If you're looking for a Diff API (as opposed to a standalone tool), try [DiffPlex](http://diffplex.codeplex.com/). | Check out [Araxis Merge](http://www.araxis.com/merge/index.html) - it's a two-way or three-way diff utility, it can handle ANSI, ASCII and Unicode files (it can even compare an ANSI file to a Unicode file!), and it offers both a command-line interface, as well as an [automation API](http://www.araxis.com/merge/automation_ref.html) for including its smarts into your own apps.
Highly recommended! |
2,442,639 | I am looking for compare utility similar for "win merge" or "beyond compare" .
That in addition for gui comparison will have api that i will be able to run on my files via my code and see if the files are the same or not and also use it in gui mode to show graphically the differences .
Any recommendations ?
thanks | 2010/03/14 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2442639",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/140100/"
] | If you're looking for a Diff API (as opposed to a standalone tool), try [DiffPlex](http://diffplex.codeplex.com/). | I like [ExamDiff Pro](http://www.prestosoft.com/edp_examdiffpro.asp). There is also a [no cost version](http://www.prestosoft.com/edp_examdiff.asp). |
2,442,639 | I am looking for compare utility similar for "win merge" or "beyond compare" .
That in addition for gui comparison will have api that i will be able to run on my files via my code and see if the files are the same or not and also use it in gui mode to show graphically the differences .
Any recommendations ?
thanks | 2010/03/14 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2442639",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/140100/"
] | Kdiff might do what you need.
[Kdiff command line](http://kdiff3.sourceforge.net/doc/documentation.html#commandline) | Check out [Araxis Merge](http://www.araxis.com/merge/index.html) - it's a two-way or three-way diff utility, it can handle ANSI, ASCII and Unicode files (it can even compare an ANSI file to a Unicode file!), and it offers both a command-line interface, as well as an [automation API](http://www.araxis.com/merge/automation_ref.html) for including its smarts into your own apps.
Highly recommended! |
2,442,639 | I am looking for compare utility similar for "win merge" or "beyond compare" .
That in addition for gui comparison will have api that i will be able to run on my files via my code and see if the files are the same or not and also use it in gui mode to show graphically the differences .
Any recommendations ?
thanks | 2010/03/14 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2442639",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/140100/"
] | If you're looking for a Diff API (as opposed to a standalone tool), try [DiffPlex](http://diffplex.codeplex.com/). | WinMerge IS open source, you could modify it to do what you want (even though I am pretty sure it does have command line access and an API you could use). |
2,442,639 | I am looking for compare utility similar for "win merge" or "beyond compare" .
That in addition for gui comparison will have api that i will be able to run on my files via my code and see if the files are the same or not and also use it in gui mode to show graphically the differences .
Any recommendations ?
thanks | 2010/03/14 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2442639",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/140100/"
] | Check out [Araxis Merge](http://www.araxis.com/merge/index.html) - it's a two-way or three-way diff utility, it can handle ANSI, ASCII and Unicode files (it can even compare an ANSI file to a Unicode file!), and it offers both a command-line interface, as well as an [automation API](http://www.araxis.com/merge/automation_ref.html) for including its smarts into your own apps.
Highly recommended! | Beyond Compare 3 does support command line actions, so you should be able to hook it into any existing process that you have.
Here's the command line documentation, if you're interested:
<http://www.scootersoftware.com/help/index.html?command_line_reference.html>
Free versions are available for download. |
2,442,639 | I am looking for compare utility similar for "win merge" or "beyond compare" .
That in addition for gui comparison will have api that i will be able to run on my files via my code and see if the files are the same or not and also use it in gui mode to show graphically the differences .
Any recommendations ?
thanks | 2010/03/14 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2442639",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/140100/"
] | Kdiff might do what you need.
[Kdiff command line](http://kdiff3.sourceforge.net/doc/documentation.html#commandline) | You didn't mention free or not. If free, Sourcegear's DiffMerge: <http://www.sourcegear.com/diffmerge/index.html>. |
2,442,639 | I am looking for compare utility similar for "win merge" or "beyond compare" .
That in addition for gui comparison will have api that i will be able to run on my files via my code and see if the files are the same or not and also use it in gui mode to show graphically the differences .
Any recommendations ?
thanks | 2010/03/14 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2442639",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/140100/"
] | Check out [Araxis Merge](http://www.araxis.com/merge/index.html) - it's a two-way or three-way diff utility, it can handle ANSI, ASCII and Unicode files (it can even compare an ANSI file to a Unicode file!), and it offers both a command-line interface, as well as an [automation API](http://www.araxis.com/merge/automation_ref.html) for including its smarts into your own apps.
Highly recommended! | You didn't mention free or not. If free, Sourcegear's DiffMerge: <http://www.sourcegear.com/diffmerge/index.html>. |
2,442,639 | I am looking for compare utility similar for "win merge" or "beyond compare" .
That in addition for gui comparison will have api that i will be able to run on my files via my code and see if the files are the same or not and also use it in gui mode to show graphically the differences .
Any recommendations ?
thanks | 2010/03/14 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2442639",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/140100/"
] | Kdiff might do what you need.
[Kdiff command line](http://kdiff3.sourceforge.net/doc/documentation.html#commandline) | WinMerge IS open source, you could modify it to do what you want (even though I am pretty sure it does have command line access and an API you could use). |
2,442,639 | I am looking for compare utility similar for "win merge" or "beyond compare" .
That in addition for gui comparison will have api that i will be able to run on my files via my code and see if the files are the same or not and also use it in gui mode to show graphically the differences .
Any recommendations ?
thanks | 2010/03/14 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2442639",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/140100/"
] | If you're looking for a Diff API (as opposed to a standalone tool), try [DiffPlex](http://diffplex.codeplex.com/). | Beyond Compare 3 does support command line actions, so you should be able to hook it into any existing process that you have.
Here's the command line documentation, if you're interested:
<http://www.scootersoftware.com/help/index.html?command_line_reference.html>
Free versions are available for download. |
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