id int64 225 5.32k | context stringlengths 2.88k 70.8k | question stringlengths 11 194 | answers dict | is_impossible bool 1
class |
|---|---|---|---|---|
1,932 | Responding to the COVID-19 pandemic in complex humanitarian crises
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7085188/
SHA: d013e42811c6442b184da3b9bbfd9e334031a975
Authors: Poole, Danielle N.; Escudero, Daniel J.; Gostin, Lawrence O.; Leblang, David; Talbot, Elizabeth A.
Date: 2020-03-21
DOI: 10.1186/s12939-020-0... | What will happen without the adaptation of existing standards? | {
"answer_start": [
5170
],
"text": [
" mitigation plans will fall short of health and human rights obligations in outbreak response"
]
} | false |
1,933 | Responding to the COVID-19 pandemic in complex humanitarian crises
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7085188/
SHA: d013e42811c6442b184da3b9bbfd9e334031a975
Authors: Poole, Danielle N.; Escudero, Daniel J.; Gostin, Lawrence O.; Leblang, David; Talbot, Elizabeth A.
Date: 2020-03-21
DOI: 10.1186/s12939-020-0... | What is essential when pandemics threaten vulnerable populations? | {
"answer_start": [
5416
],
"text": [
"Transparent and credible information-sharing mechanisms "
]
} | false |
1,934 | Responding to the COVID-19 pandemic in complex humanitarian crises
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7085188/
SHA: d013e42811c6442b184da3b9bbfd9e334031a975
Authors: Poole, Danielle N.; Escudero, Daniel J.; Gostin, Lawrence O.; Leblang, David; Talbot, Elizabeth A.
Date: 2020-03-21
DOI: 10.1186/s12939-020-0... | What is a necessary component of effective health governance? | {
"answer_start": [
5553
],
"text": [
"Diplomacy bridging long-standing mistrust of public health and biomedical interventions and facilitating engagement with contentious actors "
]
} | false |
259 | It is Unlikely That Influenza Viruses Will Cause a Pandemic Again Like What Happened in 1918 and 1919
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4019839/
Song, Liting
2014-05-07
DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2014.00039
License:cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Influenza and influenza viruses are wellknown popular topics to medical p... | Approximately how many people died during the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic? | {
"answer_start": [
1998
],
"text": [
"During the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic, between 21 and 25 million people died of influenza worldwide."
]
} | false |
286 | It is Unlikely That Influenza Viruses Will Cause a Pandemic Again Like What Happened in 1918 and 1919
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4019839/
Song, Liting
2014-05-07
DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2014.00039
License:cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Influenza and influenza viruses are wellknown popular topics to medical p... | What social and economic factors contributed to the large fatality rate in the 1918 influenza pandemic? | {
"answer_start": [
1637
],
"text": [
"Malnutrition weakened the human immune system and made a person more vulnerable to infectious diseases like tuberculosis and influenza, therefore, hunger and malnutrition were indirectly responsible for millions of deaths in the world in that period of time."
]
} | false |
291 | It is Unlikely That Influenza Viruses Will Cause a Pandemic Again Like What Happened in 1918 and 1919
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4019839/
Song, Liting
2014-05-07
DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2014.00039
License:cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Influenza and influenza viruses are wellknown popular topics to medical p... | What problems were faced by medical staff during the 1918 epidemic? | {
"answer_start": [
3392
],
"text": [
" in 1918 and 1919, physicians and nurses almost had nothing in their hands to help individuals who were infected by influenza viruses. T"
]
} | false |
295 | It is Unlikely That Influenza Viruses Will Cause a Pandemic Again Like What Happened in 1918 and 1919
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4019839/
Song, Liting
2014-05-07
DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2014.00039
License:cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Influenza and influenza viruses are wellknown popular topics to medical p... | What helpful drugs are available now to control the disease or to provide palliative care for influenza patients? | {
"answer_start": [
3526
],
"text": [
" Today, although we still do not have very effective, powerful, and practical anti-influenza drugs available, we at least have some improved, useful, and helpful anti-viral drugs like zanamivir, and effective, convenient anti-cold medicines like Tylenol or Advil."
... | false |
297 | It is Unlikely That Influenza Viruses Will Cause a Pandemic Again Like What Happened in 1918 and 1919
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4019839/
Song, Liting
2014-05-07
DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2014.00039
License:cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Influenza and influenza viruses are wellknown popular topics to medical p... | How has the mortality rate due to influenza declined in USA over past decades? | {
"answer_start": [
3966
],
"text": [
" in the United States of America, the influenza classed mortality rate declined from 10.2/100,000 in the 1940s to 0.56/100,000 in the 1990s; and the classed mortality rates of 1957-1958 and 1968-1969 influenza pandemics were not remarkably different from the non-pand... | false |
299 | It is Unlikely That Influenza Viruses Will Cause a Pandemic Again Like What Happened in 1918 and 1919
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4019839/
Song, Liting
2014-05-07
DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2014.00039
License:cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Influenza and influenza viruses are wellknown popular topics to medical p... | Is there an Influenza vaccine? | {
"answer_start": [
3790
],
"text": [
"We do not have a universal vaccine to prevent all influenza virus infections, but we can make effective vaccines to a specific influenza virus strain in a short time."
]
} | false |
300 | It is Unlikely That Influenza Viruses Will Cause a Pandemic Again Like What Happened in 1918 and 1919
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4019839/
Song, Liting
2014-05-07
DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2014.00039
License:cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Influenza and influenza viruses are wellknown popular topics to medical p... | for the 2009 influenza pandemic, what were the case fatality rates? | {
"answer_start": [
5087
],
"text": [
"that most cases of H1N1 influenza A virus infections were mild, the symptomatic case fatality rate was only 0.005% in New Zealand (16) ; and in New York City, the case fatality rate was 0.0094-0.0147% for persons ≥65 years old, and for those of 0-17 years old, the ca... | false |
301 | It is Unlikely That Influenza Viruses Will Cause a Pandemic Again Like What Happened in 1918 and 1919
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4019839/
Song, Liting
2014-05-07
DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2014.00039
License:cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Influenza and influenza viruses are wellknown popular topics to medical p... | What factors would contribute now to the faster rates of influenza infections? | {
"answer_start": [
9615
],
"text": [
"Nowadays, we travel faster, and we travel more frequently and globally, and we have more complicated social activities and lifestyles, thereby increasing the chances of viral mutation; and we realize that influenza viruses are even easier to reassort, recombine, and ... | false |
302 | It is Unlikely That Influenza Viruses Will Cause a Pandemic Again Like What Happened in 1918 and 1919
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4019839/
Song, Liting
2014-05-07
DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2014.00039
License:cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Influenza and influenza viruses are wellknown popular topics to medical p... | What factors would be responsible in future for the prevention of an Influenza pandemic? | {
"answer_start": [
10047
],
"text": [
" influenza virus infections are controllable and preventable, with the increased population health and immunity, with the WHO Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System, and with standard/routine epidemiological practices, and with new effective anti-viral ag... | false |
303 | It is Unlikely That Influenza Viruses Will Cause a Pandemic Again Like What Happened in 1918 and 1919
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4019839/
Song, Liting
2014-05-07
DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2014.00039
License:cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Influenza and influenza viruses are wellknown popular topics to medical p... | What was the detected fatality rate of H7N9 Avian flu? | {
"answer_start": [
9523
],
"text": [
" the detected 32.14% (45/140, one case from Taiwan, and one case from Hong Kong) (22, 23).\n"
]
} | false |
304 | It is Unlikely That Influenza Viruses Will Cause a Pandemic Again Like What Happened in 1918 and 1919
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4019839/
Song, Liting
2014-05-07
DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2014.00039
License:cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Influenza and influenza viruses are wellknown popular topics to medical p... | Why would real case fatality rate for the H7N9 be lower than detected rate? | {
"answer_start": [
9149
],
"text": [
"most people usually think a common cold is a very common and normal occurrence, and they don't take flu-like illnesses seriously. In most situations, they would just stay home and take some medicines. Only those who have very severe flu-like symptoms would see doctor... | false |
5,315 | Ebola Virus Maintenance: If Not (Only) Bats, What Else?
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6213544/
SHA: f16da7cf7a952fb981dfc0d77280aac9c3ab933a
Authors: Caron, Alexandre; Bourgarel, Mathieu; Cappelle, Julien; Liégeois, Florian; De Nys, Hélène M.; Roger, François
Date: 2018-10-09
DOI: 10.3390/v10100549
Li... | What is the structure of the Ebolavirus? | {
"answer_start": [
2270
],
"text": [
"single-strand RNA filoviruses"
]
} | false |
5,316 | Ebola Virus Maintenance: If Not (Only) Bats, What Else?
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6213544/
SHA: f16da7cf7a952fb981dfc0d77280aac9c3ab933a
Authors: Caron, Alexandre; Bourgarel, Mathieu; Cappelle, Julien; Liégeois, Florian; De Nys, Hélène M.; Roger, François
Date: 2018-10-09
DOI: 10.3390/v10100549
Li... | When was the West African Ebolavirus outbreak? | {
"answer_start": [
2546
],
"text": [
"2013-2016"
]
} | false |
5,317 | Ebola Virus Maintenance: If Not (Only) Bats, What Else?
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6213544/
SHA: f16da7cf7a952fb981dfc0d77280aac9c3ab933a
Authors: Caron, Alexandre; Bourgarel, Mathieu; Cappelle, Julien; Liégeois, Florian; De Nys, Hélène M.; Roger, François
Date: 2018-10-09
DOI: 10.3390/v10100549
Li... | What animals are considered to be maintenance hosts to the Ebolavirus? | {
"answer_start": [
4083
],
"text": [
"African bats"
]
} | false |
5,318 | Ebola Virus Maintenance: If Not (Only) Bats, What Else?
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6213544/
SHA: f16da7cf7a952fb981dfc0d77280aac9c3ab933a
Authors: Caron, Alexandre; Bourgarel, Mathieu; Cappelle, Julien; Liégeois, Florian; De Nys, Hélène M.; Roger, François
Date: 2018-10-09
DOI: 10.3390/v10100549
Li... | What do circles indicate in Figure 1? | {
"answer_start": [
7212
],
"text": [
"a maintenance function play by the host(s)"
]
} | false |
5,319 | Ebola Virus Maintenance: If Not (Only) Bats, What Else?
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6213544/
SHA: f16da7cf7a952fb981dfc0d77280aac9c3ab933a
Authors: Caron, Alexandre; Bourgarel, Mathieu; Cappelle, Julien; Liégeois, Florian; De Nys, Hélène M.; Roger, François
Date: 2018-10-09
DOI: 10.3390/v10100549
Li... | What do arrows indicate in Figure 1? | {
"answer_start": [
7273
],
"text": [
"infectious transmission pathways between hosts"
]
} | false |
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