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4.61k
The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a given question. Context: You can see an example of a negative feedback loop in Figure below . It shows how levels of thyroid hormones regulate the thyroid gland. This loop involves the hypothalamus and pituitary g...
hormones
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The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a
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932
The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a given question. Context: Question: Mesophyll consists mainly of parenchyma cells specialized for what? Answer:
photosynthesis
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Mesophyll consists mainly of parenchyma cells specialized for photosynthesis. User
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[ 0 ]
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207
The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a given question. Context: In an anticline, rocks arch upward. A three-dimensional anticline is a dome. Question: What is a three-dimensional anticline called? Answer:
dome
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A three-dimensional anticline is called an anticline. User
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2,310
The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a given question. Context: Amphibians have permeable skin that easily absorbs substances from the environment. This may explain why they seem to be especially sensitive to pollution. Monitoring the health and surviv...
amphibians
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The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a
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2,053
The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a given question. Context: Breeding in birds is through internal fertilization, where the egg is fertilized inside the female. Question: Breeding in birds occurs through an internal type of what process? Answer:
fertilization
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The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a
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1,871
The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a given question. Context: Greenhouse gases include CO 2 , H 2 O, methane, O 3 , nitrous oxides (NO and NO 2 ), and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). All are a normal part of the atmosphere except CFCs. The table below sh...
greenhouse gases
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The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a
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1,173
The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a given question. Context: Visit this website (http://openstaxcollege. org/l/embryo_fetus2) to see the stages of human fetal development. Labor is the muscular contractions to expel the fetus and placenta from the u...
uterus
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The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a
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857
The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a given question. Context: Ice caps are large glaciers that cover a larger area than just a valley. An ice cap can bury an entire mountain range or region ( Figure below ). Glaciers come off of ice caps into valleys...
ice caps
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Ice caps are large glaciers that cover a larger area than just a valley. An ice cap can bury
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[ 0 ]
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4,578
The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a given question. Context: Muscle fibers are made mostly of protein. Question: What type of fibers are made mostly of protein in living things? Answer:
muscle fibers
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Muscle fibers are made mostly of protein in living things. User
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725
The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a given question. Context: Paint keeps oxygen and water from coming into direct contact with the metal, which prevents corrosion. Paint is more necessary because salt is an electrolyte that increases the conductivit...
corrosion
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The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a
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[ 1 ]
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3,542
The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a given question. Context: In the troposphere, warm air ordinarily sits below cooler air. Question: Does warm air sit above or below cooler air in the troposphere? Answer:
below
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The warm air sits above cooler air in the troposphere. User
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[ 1, 1, 0 ]
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267
The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a given question. Context: Volcanoes at divergent plate boundaries are in the East Pacific Rise. Convergent plate boundaries, where there are trenches, have volcanoes. Hotspot volcanoes are in chains in the middle o...
volcanoes
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Convergent plate boundaries with trenches have volcanoes. User
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250
The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a given question. Context: The placenta permits a long period of fetal growth in the uterus. As a result, the fetus can become large and mature before birth. This increases its chances of surviving. Question: What ...
the placenta
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The placenta permits a long period of fetal growth in the uterus. As a result, the fetus can
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[ 0 ]
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783
The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a given question. Context: Question: The force that pulls objects toward the earth is what? Answer:
gravity
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The force that pulls objects toward the earth is gravity. User
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1,834
The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a given question. Context: The fetus is connected to the placenta through the umbilical cord. This is a long tube that contains two arteries and a vein. Blood from the fetus enters the placenta through the umbilical...
placenta
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The umbilical cord connects the fetus to the placenta. User
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[ 0 ]
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1,950
The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a given question. Context: Rheumatic fever is caused by a virus that has antigens similar to molecules in human heart tissues. When the immune system attacks the virus, it may also attack the heart. What type of imm...
rheumatic fever
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Rheumatic fever is caused by a bacterial infection, typically streptococcus bacteria. The fever is
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[ 0, 1 ]
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4,243
The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a given question. Context: Question: What have cell-surface antigen receptors for foreign molecules? Answer:
lymphocytes
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What have cell-surface antigen receptors for foreign molecules? User
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[ 0 ]
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220
The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a given question. Context: Prenatal diagnosis refers to the diagnosis of a disease or condition before the baby is born. Question: What type of diagnosis happens before a baby is born? Answer:
prenatal
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Prenatal diagnosis refers to the diagnosis of a disease or condition before the baby is born. The
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1,669
The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a given question. Context: Vertebrates are animals that have a backbone. All of them are placed in the Phylum Chordata. Modern vertebrates include fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Only about 5 percent...
vertebrates
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Vertebrates are animals that have a backbone. All of them are placed in the Phylum
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[ 0, 0 ]
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4,575
The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a given question. Context: DNA and RNA are nucleic acids. DNA stores genetic information. RNA helps build proteins. Proteins, in turn, determine the structure and function of all your cells. Proteins consist of chai...
nucleic acids
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DNA and RNA are both nucleic acids. User
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3,522
The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a given question. Context: A genetic disorder that is caused by a mutation can be inherited. Therefore, people with a genetic disorder in their family may be concerned about having children with the disorder. Profes...
prenatal testing
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The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a
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1,848
The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a given question. Context: Some substances are too big to be pumped across the cell membrane. They may enter or leave the cell by vesicle transport . This takes energy, so it's another form of active transport. You ...
vesicle transport
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The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a
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3,771
The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a given question. Context: Mechanical digestion occurs when large chunks of food are broken down into smaller pieces. This is a physical process that happens mainly in the mouth and stomach. Question: What physical...
mechanical digestion
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Mechanical digestion occurs when large chunks of food are broken down into smaller pieces. This is a physical process
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2,335
The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a given question. Context: At divergent plate boundaries hot mantle rock rises into the space where the plates are moving apart. As the hot mantle rock rises, it goes from higher to lower pressure. This is because t...
fissures
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The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a
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55
The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a given question. Context: Molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration until an equilibrium is met. The molecules continue to cross the membrane at equilibrium, but at equal r...
equilibrium
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The molecules continue to cross the membrane at equilibrium, but at equal rates in both directions. User
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1,339
The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a given question. Context: Chromosomal alterations are mutations that change chromosome structure. They occur when a section of a chromosome breaks off and rejoins incorrectly or does not rejoin at all. Possible way...
chromosome structure
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Chromosomal alterations are mutations that change the structure of a chromosome. They can occur in different ways,
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3,548
The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a given question. Context: Reactions and Compounds of Nitrogen Like carbon, nitrogen has four valence orbitals (one 2s and three 2p), so it can participate in at most four electron-pair bonds by using sp3 hybrid orb...
four
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The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a
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2,858
The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a given question. Context: Flammability is the ability of matter to burn. Wood is flammable; iron is not. When wood burns, it changes to ashes, carbon dioxide, water vapor, and other gases. After burning, it is no l...
flammability
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The ability of matter to burn is called flammability.
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2,333
The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a given question. Context: There are two different types of immune responses. Both types involve lymphocytes. However, one type of response involves B cells. The other type involves T cells. Question: What type of ...
immune
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The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a
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1,305
The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a given question. Context: Plastids are organelles in plant cells that may have various jobs. The main types of plastids are chloroplasts, chromoplasts, and leucoplasts. Question: Chloroplasts, chromoplasts, and le...
plant cells
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Chloroplasts, chromoplasts, and leucoplasts are all found in plant cells.
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1,805
The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a given question. Context: Urine is a liquid waste formed by the kidneys as they filter the blood. If you are getting plenty of fluids, your urine should be almost clear. But you might have noticed that sometimes yo...
urine
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The term for liquid waste formed by kidneys is urine.
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2,828
The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a given question. Context: Grazers, such as sea urchins, are organisms that feed on available plants. Sea urchins are omnivorous, eating both plant and animals. The sea urchin mainly feeds on algae on the coral and ...
grazers
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What are organisms that feed on both plants and animals called? User
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855
The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a given question. Context: 6.2 Potential, Kinetic, Free, and Activation Energy Energy comes in many different forms. Objects in motion do physical work, and kinetic energy is the energy of objects in motion. Objects...
free
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The energy that is available to do work is called the free energy. It is the energy that is
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775
The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a given question. Context: The majority of the human genome is non-coding sequence. These sequences include regulatory sequences, and DNA with unknown functions. These sequences include tandem repeat elements known ...
satellite dna
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The term for very large arrays of tandemly repeating, non-coding DNA is satellite DNA.
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3,191
The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a given question. Context: Photosynthesis changes light energy to chemical energy. The chemical energy is stored in the bonds of glucose molecules. Glucose is used for energy by the cells of almost all living things...
chemical
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Photosynthesis changes light energy to chemical energy. The chemical energy is stored in the bonds of glucose molecules
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809
The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a given question. Context: Enzymes may also allow reactions to occur by different pathways that have lower activation energy. Question: What catalyst substances may also allow reactions to occur by different pathwa...
enzymes
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Enzymes may also allow reactions to occur by different pathways that have lower activation energy. Other catalyst
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3,013
The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a given question. Context: Cutting down on the use of chemical fertilizers is one way to prevent dead zones in bodies of water. Preserving wetlands is also important. Wetlands are habitats such as swamps, marshes, a...
dead zones
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The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a
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2,889
The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a given question. Context: 9.3 Response to the Signal The initiation of a signaling pathway is a response to external stimuli. This response can take many different forms, including protein synthesis, a change in th...
apoptosis
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The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a
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2,219
The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a given question. Context: An ecosystem is a group of living things and their environment. The word ecosystem is short for “ecological system. ” Like any system, an ecosystem is a group of parts that work together. ...
ecosystem
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An ecosystem is a group of living things and their environment. User
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362
The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a given question. Context: The gonads secrete sex hormones. The male gonads are called testes. They secrete the male sex hormone testosterone. The female gonads are called ovaries. They secrete the female sex hormon...
sex hormones
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The gonads secrete sex hormones. The male gonads are called testes. They secrete
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3,856
The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a given question. Context: Noninfectious diseases can't be passed from one person to another. Instead, these types of diseases are caused by factors such as the environment, genetics, and lifestyle. Examples of inhe...
lifestyle
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The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a
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4,503
The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a given question. Context: footprints, similar to those of modern humans, were found in Laetoli, Tanzania and dated to 3.6 million years ago. They showed that hominins at the time of Australopithecus were walking up...
lucy
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The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a
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1,048
The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a given question. Context: Cnidarians in the polyp form usually reproduce asexually. One type of asexual reproduction in polyps leads to the formation of new medusae. Medusae usually reproduce sexually with sperm an...
larva
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The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a
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3,177
The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a given question. Context: Cells are found in all different types of environments, and these environments are constantly changing. For example, one-celled organisms, like bacteria, can be found on your skin, in the ...
bacteria
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The cell membrane is a thin, flexible layer that surrounds the cell. It is made up of lipids
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658
The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a given question. Context: Like the cells of all eukaryotes, animal cells have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles (see Figure below ). Unlike the cells of plants and fungi, animal cells lack a cell wall. ...
cell wall
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The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a
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2,462
The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a given question. Context: Sublimation occurs when ice and snow change directly to water vapor. This also happens because of heat from the sun. Question: When does sublimation occur? Answer:
when the ice and snow change directly into water vapors
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When the temperature of the ice or snow is above the freezing point of water, sublimation occurs.
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3,035
The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a given question. Context: Question: Capillaries rejoin to form venules, which convey blood to what? Answer:
veins
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Venules are small blood vessels that connect arteries to veins. They are responsible for the exchange of blood
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[ 0, 1, 1, 0, 1 ]
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1,615
The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a given question. Context: Not getting enough minerals can cause health problems. For example, too little calcium may cause osteoporosis. This is a disease in which bones become soft and break easily. Getting too mu...
osteoporosis
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The disease caused by too little calcium is osteoporosis. User
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581
The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a given question. Context: Chemical reactions are described using chemical equations. Question: How do we describe chemical reactions? Answer:
chemical equations
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Chemical reactions are described using chemical equations. User
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382
The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a given question. Context: Question: In certain populations, some of the chromosomes have become what? Answer:
fused
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Which populations are you referring to? User
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1,909
The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a given question. Context: Human organ systems work together to carry out many of their functions. The skeletal and muscular systems are no exception. Question: Groupings of related organs in the human body are ref...
systems
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The human body is composed of many different organs that work together to carry out many of their functions.
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2,429
The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a given question. Context: 4. Molecular crystals -- Molecular crystals typically consist of molecules at the lattice points of the crystal, held together by relatively weak intermolecular forces (see Figure below )....
molecular crystals
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The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a
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666
The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a given question. Context: Work is defined as the product of a force times the distance over which the force acts. The force and the distance must act along the same line; if the angle between them is not (or ) then...
work
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Work is defined as the product of a force times the distance over which the force acts. The force
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1,952
The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a given question. Context: Many plants also produce hormones and toxins to fight pathogens. For example, willow trees, like the one in Figure below , produce salicylic acid to kill bacteria. The same compound is use...
salicylic acid
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Willow trees produce salicylic acid to kill bacteria. User
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845
The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a given question. Context: Biodiversity, Species Richness, and Relative Species Abundance Biodiversity describes a community’s biological complexity: it is measured by the number of different species (species richne...
species
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The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a
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3,192
The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a given question. Context: Upwelling takes place at some coastlines or along the Equator. Upwelling brings cool, nutrient-rich water to the surface. Question: What takes place at some coastlines or along the equato...
upwelling
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Upwelling is a process where warm water rises to the surface of the ocean. This process is
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2,334
The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a given question. Context: Any organic material can be made into electricity. But some materials are better than others. Wastes can be used, like almond shells. Biomass power is a great use of wastes. It's hard to u...
organic waste
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Organic materials like almond shells can be used to generate electricity. However, it is difficult to use this
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3,806
The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a given question. Context: Some parasites live on the surface of their host. Others live inside their host. They may enter the host through a break in the skin or in food or water. For example, roundworms are parasi...
feces
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The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a
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3,061
The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a given question. Context: Irrigation can waste a lot of water. The type of irrigation shown in Figure below is the most wasteful. The water is sprayed into the air and then falls to the ground. But much of the wate...
water
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The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a
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1,364
The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a given question. Context: An electron is accelerated from rest through a potential difference of volts. It then enters a region traveling perpendicular to a magnetic field of . Calculate the velocity of the electro...
volts
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The electron is accelerated through a potential difference of .
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3,108
The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a given question. Context: Venous Drainage of the Brain Circulation to the brain is both critical and complex (see Figure 20.37). Many smaller veins of the brain stem and the superficial veins of the cerebrum lead t...
superior sagittal sinus
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The largest of the sinuses is the superior sagittal sinus.
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2,983
The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a given question. Context: A migraine is a more severe type of headache. It occurs when blood vessels in the head dilate, or expand. This may be triggered by certain foods, bright lights, weather changes, or other f...
migraine
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A migraine is a more severe type of headache. It occurs when blood vessels in the head dilate
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The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a given question. Context: Question: Drip iirigation requires less water and reduces what? Answer:
salinization
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What is drip irrigation? User: Drip irrigation is a method of water delivery to plants that
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The following are context and question about them. Each context is followed by a question and answer to a given question. Context: A chemical reaction is a process that changes some chemical substances into others. It involves breaking and forming chemical bonds. Types of chemical reactions include synthesis reactions...
chemical reaction
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Synthesis reactions involve the creation of a new compound from two or more simpler substances. Decomposition
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596
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