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brown squard syndrome bss occurs due dysfunction spinothalamic tract typically reflects hemisection spinal cord cervical thoracic level the syndrome mainly occurs result penetrating trauma syringomyelia hematomyelia tumor severe discs blunt trauma among multiple etiologies common cause penetrating trauma gunshot7,8 the...	there are few reports in the literature of complete obstruction of the vertebral artery ( va ) due to an electric screw driver bit penetration through the neural foramen into the spinal canal with brown - squard syndrome ( bss ) . a 25-year - old man was admitted to the emergency department with a penetrated neck in...
vogt koyanagi harada disease vkh granulomatous inflammatory disorder affecting eyes auditory system meninges skin 1 2 it one common causes uveitis asia accounts approximately 16% uveitis cases china clinically vkh divided four stages prodromal acute convalescent chronic recurrent exudative retinal detachment common cau...	purpose . to characterize the optical coherence tomography ( oct ) findings in late - stage vogt - koyanagi - harada ( vkh ) disease and its correlation with visual function . methods . the records of patients with late - stage vkh disease ( defined as 12 months from disease onset ) were retrospectively reviewed...
past decade protein separation techniques peptide analysis mass spectrometry greatly improved qualitative quantitative proteome comparisons become powerful tools defining composition complex proteomes functions protein complexes.(1 current ion trap mass spectrometers particular sensitive fast analysis times enable iden...	in - depth , reproducible coverage of complex proteomes is challenging because the complexity of tryptic digests subjected to lc - ms / ms analysis frequently exceeds mass spectrometer analytical capacity , which results in undersampling of data . in this study , we used cancer cell lysates to systematically compare...
increasing evidence clear genetic link phenotypic characteristics dogs adverse drug reactions the fields pharmacogenetics pharmacogenomics become increasingly promising regarding clinical application genetic data aid prevention adverse reactions prediction behaviour drugs discovery new drug targets study the introducti...	the fields of pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics have become increasingly promising regarding the clinical application of genetic data to aid in prevention of adverse reactions . specific screening tests can predict which animals express modified proteins or genetic sequences responsible for adverse effects assoc...
emergency department ed known one congested units hospital faces greater pressure terms patient load health care resources compared departments health care system studies across various countries reported quality care decreases ed overcrowded overcrowding result delayed treatment long patient waiting time stay overburd...	background : emergency department ( ed ) of tertiary health care institute in india is mostly overcrowded , over utilized and inappropriately staffed . the challenges of overcrowded eds and ill - managed patient flow and admission processes result in excessively long waits for patients.aim:the objective of the prese...
primary intracystic squamous cell carcinoma scc breast extremely rare neoplasm primary sccs breast quite rare although scc mixed ductal carcinoma common it arise metaplastic epithelium associated primary malignancy breast metastasis primary elsewhere body extension malignancy skin covering a 45-year old female presente...	primary intracystic squamous cell carcinoma ( scc ) of the breast is an extremely rare entity and has a low incidence in comparison with other breast cancers . we report a rare case of primary intracystic scc in a 45-year - old woman who presented with a cystic lump in the right breast . cytological smears of the ...
translating empirically validated treatments routine clinical practice essential activity requires multitude factors addressed given disorder some factors include type patients treated setting treatment delivered including funding arrangements costs incurred attitudes perceptions staff treatment psychological physical ...	the effectiveness among inpatients with depression of a modified cognitive behavior therapy ( cbt ) program was examined . a group of 300 inpatient admissions with a primary diagnosis of depression attending a private psychiatric clinic were assessed at the beginning and end of a two - week cbt program . the effec...
retinal vein occlusion rvo obstruction retinal venous system abrupt onset important cause visual morbidity retinal vein occlusions constitute second common cause retinal vascular disease diabetic retinopathy prevalence 1% 2% persons older 40 years age 25 wisconsin beaver dam eye study 12% eyes developed severe visual i...	retinal vein occlusion ( rvo ) is an obstruction of the retinal venous system , and macular edema ( me ) is a complication of rvo that can lead to blindness . the canadian incidence of visual impairment ( vi ) due to me secondary to rvo is unknown . this observational , retrospective study used records from the so...
well documented medical literature diabetes management ramadan fasting poses challenges treating physician pre ramadan diabetes assessment evaluations diabetes education important successful management.1 unplanned diabetes management ramadan fasting may lead hypoglycemia hence past decades efforts made various research...	diabetes management during ramadan fasting is challenging to the physician in terms of minimizing the risk of hypoglycemia . as compared to oral hypoglycemic agents ( ohas ) and sulfonylureas ( sus ) , which carry a higher and significant risk of hypoglycemia , newer antidiabetic agents such as dipeptidyl peptidase-...
pseudoprogression pspd pseudoresponse psr following anticancer therapy major areas controversy management high grade glioma era temozolomide discrimination pspd true progression high grade glioma concurrent radiochemotherapy crt conventional magnetic resonance imaging mri ) novel imaging modalities mr spectroscopy posi...	objectivewe evaluated pseudoprogression ( pspd ) following radiation therapy combined with concurrent temozolomide ( tmz ) , and we assessed pseudoresponse following anti - angiogenic therapy for patients with recurrent disease using the response assessment of the neuro - oncology working group.methodspatients who wer...
fontan procedure used separate systemic pulmonary circulations patients various forms functionally univentricular hearts fontan circulation systemic venous return sent pulmonary arteries without passage ventricle the fontan procedure result various late complications including central venous hypertension diminished oxy...	a 29-year - old woman who underwent the fontan procedure at 10 years of age had an incidental finding of liver masses on abdominal ultrasonography . subsequent gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid magnetic resonance imaging showed a 15 mm hypervascular mass with washout in the hepatobiliary ph...
case describes young non pregnant cat presented uterine prolapse association unusual diffuse polypoid fibrosing perimetritis parametritis no intra abdominal complications seen ultrasound examination 3 months postsurgery time writing uterine prolapse cat relatively rare usually associated periparturient period inflammat...	case summarythis case describes a young non - pregnant cat that presented with uterine prolapse in association with an unusual diffuse , polypoid , fibrosing perimetritis and parametritis . following ovariohysterectomy the cat recovered fully . no intra - abdominal complications were seen on ultrasound examination...
previous studies showed a. baumannii already emerging pathogen respiratory tract wounds blood urine 3 since strains a. baumannii usually resistant available drugs except colistin tigecycline would sticky detected patient therefore urgent need study epidemiology resistance surveillance control measures a. baumannii hosp...	background : acinetobacter baumannii is the most prevalent strain in hospitals and different clinical departments.objectives:the current study aimed to investigate the genetic characteristics and resistance mechanisms of a. baumannii isolated from clinical samples in shaoxing people s hospital affiliated to zhejiang u...
high phosphorus p intake known one risk factors impaired bone health several researchers investigated adverse effects high p diet bone metabolism human adults a diet containing p additives increases urinary hydroxyproline excretion bone resorption marker growing male rats elevation parathyroid hormone pth secretion con...	in this study , the effects of high phosphorus ( p ) diet on bone metabolism - related gene expression were investigated in young and aged mice . twelve- and 80-week - old ddy male mice were divided into two groups , respectively , and fed a control diet containing 0.3% p or a high p diet containing 1.2% p. after 4 ...
despite advancements modern medical science health management industry incidence cerebral palsy cp continues rise1 the common features cp decreased muscle strength abnormal muscle tone2 cp sufferers lack theability generate enough force maintain antigravity postural control result abnormal postures3 the develop...	[ purpose ] the purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in symmetry of sitting posture between typical developmental ( td ) children and hemi - cerebral palsy ( cp ) children . [ subjects and methods ] a school chair mounted on a force platform was used to assess the quiet - sitting pressure d...
bioethanol one employed liquid biofuels due easy adaptability fuel existing engines cleaner fuel higher octane rating gasoline ethanol market grew less billion liters 1975 39 billion liters 2006 expected reach 100 billion liters 2015 among widely used substrates ethanol production are molasses wastes byproduct sugar in...	a statistical model was developed in this study to describe bioethanol production through a batch fermentation process of sugarcane molasses by locally isolated saccharomyces cerevisiae y-39 . response surface methodology rsm based on central composite face centered design ccfd was employed to statistically evaluate...
1989 caffe et al published method organ culture neuroretina placed photoreceptor layer facing downward rafts made nitrocellulose filters polyamide gauze grids since mammalian retinal organ cultures commonly used research retinal physiology pathobiology retinal cell dynamics shown organotypic models comparable vivo cond...	purposeto develop and standardize a novel organ culture model using porcine central neuroretina explants and rpe cells separated by a cell culture membrane.methodsrpe cells were isolated from porcine eyes , expanded , and seeded on the bottom of cell culture inserts . neuroretina explants were obtained from the area...
ectopic kidney relatively rare renal anomaly however endourologist encounter stone disease ectopic kidney occasionally factors anomalous blood vessels tortuous ureter high insertion lead poor drainage predisposition formation renal calculi patients the common management option stones laparoscopy ultrasound guided percu...	management of stone disease in an ectopic kidney is challenging . laparoscopy or ultrasound guided percutaneous nephrolithotomy and retrograde intra - renal surgery are the preferred techniques for these stones . we performed ultrasound guided microperc using a 16 g needle for the management of renal calculi in pe...
although use prefabricated posts gained popularity several years custom cast dowel core used retain restorations clinical evidence success one important advantage post system dowel fit flared irregularly shaped canal closely prefabricated post systems however although endodontic therapy shown high success rat...	objectivethe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of simulated periodontal ligament ( spdl ) on custom cast dowel and core removal by ultrasonic vibration.material and methodsthirty - two human maxillary canines were included in resin cylinders with or without spdl made from polyether impression material ....
human metapneumovirus hmpv rna virus pneumovirinae subfamily paramyxoviridae family first isolated netherlands 2001 subsequently identified worldwide it implicated significant cause hospitalization young children second respiratory syncytial virus rsv infants hospitalized acute respiratory infections aris hmpv detected...	human metapneumovirus ( hmpv ) is a recently discovered virus that causes respiratory illness in children that can lead to hospitalization . our study was undertaken to further understand hmpv - associated illness , compare clinical characteristics of hmpv and respiratory syncytial virus ( rsv ) , and establish the ...
recent whole transcriptome studies revealed three quarters human genome capable transcribed protein coding regions account 2% genome 13 therefore vast majority transcribed sequences encode proteins called non coding rna ncrna accumulating evidence shows non coding rnas play key roles various biological processes imprin...	noncode ( http://www.bioinfo.org/noncode/ ) is an interactive database that aims to present the most complete collection and annotation of non - coding rnas , especially long non - coding rnas ( lncrnas ) . the recently reduced cost of rna sequencing has produced an explosion of newly identified data . revolutiona...
chemical modification proteins established tool studying structure function regulation class biopolymer moreover recent years great deal effort directed toward modification proteins therapeutic applications traditionally protein conjugation chemistries exploited reactivity surface exposed nucleophilic amino...	chemically modified proteins are invaluable tools for studying the molecular details of biological processes , and they also hold great potential as new therapeutic agents . several methods have been developed for the site - specific modification of proteins , one of the most widely used being expressed pr...
ameloblastoma benign locally aggressive neoplasm odontogenic epithelium.1 accounting 11% odontogenic tumors ameloblastoma common odontogenic neoplasm affecting jaws yet accounts 1% tumors maxilla mandible.24 average age patients presenting ameloblastoma 36 years men women equally affected.5 ameloblastomas classified so...	this case report describes the combined surgical , orthodontic and prosthodontic rehabilitation of an adult female patient with a previous history of follicular ameloblastoma , which was treated through partial mandibulectomy and an immediate replacement of missing bone with an autologous calvarial bone graft . orth...
laparoscopic removal cervical stump following supra cervical subtotal hysterectomy first described nezhat et al concluded cervical stump could removed laparoscopically experienced surgeon the advantages laparoscopic approach included possible stump adhesiolysis providing adequate postoperative vault support assessment ...	a 43-year - old , who underwent a subtotal hysterectomy for postpartum hemorrhage following a normal delivery , 10 years ago , presented with a history of persistent vaginal discharge and post - coital bleeding . a pap smear reported moderate dysplasia , and a subsequent colposcopic biopsy reported severe dysplasia ...
biological membranes mainly composed phospholipids sphingolipids cholesterol membrane associated proteins molecules nonhomogeneously distributed membranes rearrange leading formation membrane domains highly differentiated molecular compositions supramolecular architectures stabilized lateral interactions among membrane...	glycosphingolipids ( gsls ) are composed of hydrophobic ceramide and hydrophilic sugar chains . gsls cluster to form membrane microdomains ( lipid rafts ) on plasma membranes , along with several kinds of transducer molecules , including src family kinases and small g proteins . however , gsl - mediated biological...
stimulated promise mechanically interlocked molecular architectures potential employment future nanotechnological applications development molecular machines switches interest shown construction ever increasing rotaxane catenane species also however designed function selective host systems whereby topologically unique ...	we report the preparation of [ 2]rotaxanes containing an electrochemically and optically active osmium(ii ) bipyridyl macrocyclic component mechanically bonded with cationic pyridinium axles . such interlocked host systems are demonstrated to recognise and sense anionic guest species as shown by 1h nmr , luminescenc...
fatty acids fas components phospholipids organelle cellular membranes play important biological roles maintaining processing membrane protein function fluidity.1 addition fas modulate vascular inflammation key mechanism atherosclerosis cerebral small vessel pathologies stroke altering intracellular signal transduction ...	background and purposealterations in blood fatty acid ( fa ) composition are associated with cardiovascular diseases . we investigated whether plasma fa composition was related to stroke severity and functional outcome in acute ischemic stroke patients.methodswe prospectively enrolled 156 patients with first - episo...
different methods introduced predicting mgp assessing symphyseal morphology one ricketts others stated morphology symphysis may used predict direction mandibular growth he found forward inclination condylar head associated forward mandibular rotation along greater curvature mandibular canal compared mandibular contour ...	background : this study sought to assess symphyseal morphology in adolescents with different mandibular growth patterns ( mgps ) in order to see if a relation exists.materials and methods : in this study the symphyseal parameters ( height , depth , and ratio ) of normal subjects were compared with four groups with mal...
established 2003 erste foundation history stretching back 190 years year 1819 founded erste sterreichische spar casse vienna rooted history social enterprise financial service provider erste foundation recognises contemporary society faces huge challenges new united europe work integration crucial means uniting economi...	introductionestablished in 2003 , erste foundation has a history stretching back 190 years to the year 1819 when it was founded as the erste sterreichische spar casse in vienna . rooted in our history as a social enterprise and financial service provider , erste foundation recognises that contemporary society faces ...
modern nursing nurses expected deliver holistic care taking account patients biological psychosocial spiritual needs however formal nursing programs iran follow biomedical approach focuses mainly medical problems.[35 formal education programs focus transfer knowledge mastery techniques related patient physical care how...	background : nursing education is both formal and informal . formal education represents only a small part of all the learning involved ; and many students learn more effectively through informal processes . there is little information about nursing student informal education and how it affects their character and...
vitro ageing human diploid fibroblasts hdfs first described hayflick moorhead become classical experimental model study cellular ageing hdfs limited ability divide cultured vitro normally 50 cell divisions hdfs enter state irreversible proliferative arrest termed replicative senescence cellular senescence cells ...	this study determined the molecular mechanisms of tocotrienol - rich fraction ( trf ) in preventing cellular senescence of human diploid fibroblasts ( hdfs ) . primary culture of hdfs at various passages were incubated with 0.5 mg / ml trf for 24 h. telomere shortening with decreased telomerase activity was observe...
young healthy organisms strive maintain proteome functional state tight control rates protein synthesis folding degradation extensive quality control systems set throughout cell prevent manage protein damage as organism ages control mechanisms become less efficient leading disruption protein homeostasis balch et al 200...	summarylow - complexity prion - like domains in key rna - binding proteins ( rbps ) mediate the reversible assembly of rna granules . individual rbps harboring these domains have been linked to specific neurodegenerative diseases . although their aggregation in neurodegeneration has been extensively characterize...
frequency region essential good speech understanding complex listening environments particularly noise.4 5 individuals substantial bilateral highfrequency hearing loss experience hearing difficulties aspects life home phone work social situations highly frustrated existing hearing aid technology overcome problems reduc...	objectives / hypothesisto evaluate the safety and efficacy of acoustic and electric sound processing for individuals with significant residual lowfrequency hearing and severetoprofound highfrequency sensorineural hearing loss.study designprospective , singlearm repeated measures , singlesubject design.methodsfifty ind...
zoonotic endemic disease mediterranean area asia latin america 2 3 iran the prevalence cvl various parts iran different correlated weather condition humidity 4 it endemic ardebil east azerbaijan fars bushehr provinces 5 domestic dogs canis familiaris main reservoir hosts human visceral leishmaniasis iran 6 prevalence v...	background : there are several methods , such as vaccination , to control visceral leishmaniasis . although there is no efficient vaccine , it seem dna vaccination with stimulates both cellular and humoral immunity apparently is the best way . the aim of this study was cloning and expression of lack gene , a 36kd ...
arterial stiffness increased patients type 2 diabetes mellitus t2 dm potentially increase risk morbidity mortality associated cardiovascular diseases cvd the brachial ankle pulse wave velocity bapwv non invasive technique often used clinically assessment arterial wall stiffness evaluation state atherosclerosis predicti...	backgroundwhile conventional cardiovascular risk factors and certain lifestyle habits are associated with arterial stiffness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( t2 dm ) , it is still unknown whether they are actually associated with arterial stiffness even after adjustment for conventional cardiovascular risk ...
began investigation high reliability might mean health care analyzing known highly reliable organizations function weick sutcliffe provide compelling depiction high reliability organizations hros stay safe they describe environment collective mindfulness workers look report small problems unsafe conditions pose substan...	contextdespite serious and widespread efforts to improve the quality of health care , many patients still suffer preventable harm every day . hospitals find improvement difficult to sustain , and they suffer project fatigue because so many problems need attention . no hospitals or health systems have achieved co...
acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis agep rare acute reaction drug induced 90% cases characterized widespread sterile pustular rash cefepime fourth generation cephalosporin antibiotic used treat febrile neutropenia severe infections related urinary tract skin nosocomial pneumonia brain abscess intra abdominal sep...	acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis ( agep ) is a rare cutaneous rash characterized by widespread sterile nonfollicular pustules . cefepime is a fourth generation cephalosporin , used to treat severe infections . a 67-year - old man was admitted with acute gastroenterocolitis . on the seventh day , the pa...
paediatric age time diagnosis represents negative prognostic factor keratoconus progression increased probability corneal transplant particularly younger patients represent population high risk rapid progression disease 1 2 the long term results reported literature 35 demonstrated ability cross linking slow progression...	purpose . to report a comparative prospective long - term functional analysis after riboflavin uv a corneal cross - linking ( cxl ) in three different age groups of patients affected by progressive keratoconus ( kc ) . methods . functional analysis comprised paediatric patients ( 18 years ) included 152 eyes ( 29....
rufinamide ruf triazole derivative structurally unrelated antiepileptic drugs aed).1 approved united states food drug administration fda 2004 treatment lennox gastaut syndrome lgs patients aged 4 years older.2 ruf authorized indication europe january 2007.2,3 mechanism action involves limiting firing excessive sodium d...	background and purpose : rufinamide ( ruf ) is a novel antiepileptic drug ( aed ) and its efficacy has been proven in lennox - gastaut syndrome ( lgs ) . however , there is a lack of data regarding the efficacy in pediatric intractable epilepsies other than lgs . the purpose of the study was to explore the efficacy ...
cluster headache form primary neurovascular headache consists unilateral head pain occurs association cranial autonomic features patients striking circannual circadian periodicity excruciating painful attacks accompanied restlessness agitation usually last less 3 h occur bouts months patient one crisis per day the inte...	cluster headache ( ch ) consists of attacks of severe , unilateral orbital / supraorbital / temporal pain , lasting for 15180 min , occurring once or more times a day , and associated with ipsilateral conjunctival injection , lacrimation and other symptoms . cataract is clouding of the lens of the eye causing a pro...
obesity risk factor cancer development also factor affecting treatment outcomes endometrial cancer ec first malignancy recognized related obesity it associated lower quality life values among ec survivors higher body mass index bmi measured ec diagnosis associated higher cause endometrial cancer specific mortality earl...	purposeassociation between body mass index ( bmi ) and doses in organs at risk during postoperative vaginal cuff brachytherapy ( vcb ) treatment has not been evaluated . the aim of this study was to analyse the impact of bmi on the dose delivered to bladder and rectum during high - dose - rate vcb using computed tom...
hepatitis b virus hbv important risk factor developing hepatocellular carcinoma hcc 1 hcc fifth common cancer worldwide causes significant public health problems especially association chronic hepatitis b 2 morphologic lesions hepatocarcinogenesis include dysplastic lesions dysplastic foci df dysplastic nodules dns low...	backgroundthe most common cause of liver transplantation in iran is hepatitis b positive cirrhosis , and it also one of the major and important causes of hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) . most cases with hcc follow a multistep sequence . morphologic lesions during hepatocarcinogenesis include dysplastic lesions a...
dry eye disease ded continues present clinicians diagnostic dilemma primarily due multiple causative factors result disease complexity currently test set tests considered gold standard diagnosis monitoring without diagnostic standard care however recent study showed 43% asymptomatic patients clinical signs dry eyes.1 l...	objectiveto evaluate the evidence in the peer - reviewed literature regarding the use of tear osmolarity as a physiological marker to diagnose , grade severity , and track therapeutic response in dry eye disease ( ded ) . in addition , to review the evidence for the role of tear osmolarity in the pathophysiology of ...
anemia defined hemoglobin less 13 g dl hematocrit less 36% relatively common preoperative finding approximately one third patients anemic undergo joint arthroplasty baseline hemoglobin levels 10 13 g dl veterans undergoing noncardiac surgery the incidence preoperative anemia hematocrit 36% 34% surgical patients refused...	preoperative anemia in a surgical patient predisposes to poor outcomes and allogeneic blood transfusions . as an alternative to transfusions , pharmacologic management of preoperative anemia with recombinant human erythropoietin ( rhuepo ) has been well studied in many different types of surgery . rhuepo , when us...
curcumin,1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxypheny l)- 1- 6- heptadiene- 3 5-dione commonly known diferuloylmethane yellow pigment component curry turmeric curcuma longa 1 turmeric extracts extensively used treatment several diseases ayurvedic medicine india several centuries curcumin first extracted turmeric impure form 1815 1...	backgroundcurcumin has shown to affect sperm motility and function in vitro and fertility in vivo . the molecular mechanism(s ) by which curcumin affects sperm motility has not been delineated . since modulation of intracellular ph ( phi ) and plasma membrane polarization is involved in sperm motility , the presen...
incidence splenic abscess clinically uncommon disease current literature reporting 0.140.7% occurrence rate 1 2 although splenic abscesses clinical rarity potential fatal the presentation disease often vague insidious including left upper quadrant abdominal pain fever chills additionally patients may present leukocytos...	we encountered a case of ruptured splenic abscess presenting as peritonitis and pneumoperitoneum . our patient did not have an underlying neoplasm nor was she immunosuppressed . in our case , splenectomy was the treatment of choice in combination with antibiotics , which proved to be a good outcome for the patient...
squamous cell carcinoma head neck scchn fifth common neoplasm estimated annual global incidence 500,000 cases diagnosed worldwide the treatment usually interdisciplinary mainly involves surgeons radiation oncologists medical oncologists clinical nurse specialists speech language specialists dieticians dependent situati...	purpose . to compare the impact of prognostic factors of patients treated with definitive radio(chemo)therapy versus patients treated with surgery and postoperative radiotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the oro- and hypopharynx . patients and methods . 162 patients treated with definitive radiotherapy and 12...
measures intellectual abilities vocabulary crystallized abilities resistant age effects fluid abilities attention executive functions memory functions seem affected particularly related source memory episodic explicit women perform better verbal memory tasks whereas men excel spatial tasks however sex differences aging...	gender and aging moderate brain - behavior relationships . advances in neuroscience enable integration of neurobehavioral , neuroanatomic , and neurophysiology measures . here we present neurobehavioral studies thai examine cognitive and emotion processing in healthy men and women and highlight the effects of sex di...
purpose process destroy remove injurious agents injured tissues thereby promoting tissue repair when beneficial response occurs uncontrolled manner result excessive cellular tissue damage results chronic inflammation destruction normal tissue moreover inflammatory airway lung diseases asthma chronic obstructive pulmona...	in respiratory diseases , there is an increased expression of multiple inflammatory proteins in the respiratory tract , including cytokines , chemokines , and adhesion molecules . chemokines have been shown to regulate inflammation and immune cell differentiation . moreover , many of the known inflammatory target ...
polycystic liver disease condition characterized presence multiple cysts liver may inherited sporadic cases adult polycystic liver disease apld related autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease adpkd 1964 there reports till date describe association malignant neoplasms potter type iii cystic disease liver kidney 2 3...	we report a case of multiple gastric carcinomas associated with potter type iii cystic disease of the liver , mesenterium and kidney . a 65-year - old man with chronic renal failure due to polycystic kidneys and under hemodialysis treatment 3 times a week for 2 years was admitted to our hospital because of anemia . ...
canaliculitis common encounter ophthalmic practice supernumerary puncta canaliculi spc rare congenital disorders large series a 59-year old gentleman presented painful swelling left lower lid week associated epiphora the swelling confined nasal aspect left lower lid 0.50.5 mm inflamed overlying skin figure 1a eversion ...	we report the first case of supernumerary puncta and canaliculi presented with canaliculitis . a-59 year - old gentleman presented with painful swelling of the left lower lid for a week , which was associated with epiphora . the swelling was confined to the nasal aspect of the left lower lid ( 0.50.5 mm ) with inf...
	mypro is a software pipeline for high - quality prokaryotic genome assembly and annotation . it was validated on 18 oral streptococcal strains to produce submission - ready , annotated draft genomes . mypro installed as a virtual machine and supported by updated databases will enable biologists to perform quality ...
diabetes imposes large economic burden individual national healthcare systems countries.[15 healthcare expenditures due diabetes account 11% total healthcare expenditures world 2011 estimated global healthcare expenditures treat diabetes prevent complications totaled 465 billion 2011 2030 this number projected exceed 5...	background : diabetes imposes a large economic burden on the individual , national healthcare systems , and countries.objective:to determine the economic impact of diabetes mellitus on saudi healthcare system , both now and in the future.materials and methods : this research study uses a prevalence - based approach th...
prospective study pravastatin elderly risk prosper prospective multicenter randomized placebo controlled trial assess whether treatment pravastatin diminishes risk major cardiovascular events elderly 12,13 december 1997 may 1999 total 5,804 participants aged 7082 years preexisting vascular disease increased risk diseas...	objectiveto investigate the relationship between fasting glucose levels , insulin resistance , and cognitive impairment in old age . diabetes is associated with cognitive impairment in older people . however , the link between elevated fasting glucose levels and insulin resistance in nondiabetic individuals , and ...
mentioned report national eye institute dry eye disorder tear film due tear deficiency excessive tear evaporation causes damage interpalpebral ocular surface associated symptoms ocular discomfort since contact lenses disrupt integrity tear film thin lipid layer thus increasing tear evaporation potentially cause symptom...	purpose . this study aimed to evaluate outcomes from the use of a sodium hyaluronate ( sh)-based comfort drop , instilled before the insertion of contact lenses , in a population of symptomatic contact lens wearers . methods . this was a cross - over , open - label , multi - sites study . subjects were fitted ...
grateful financial support industrial source technology development program ministry knowledge economy 10044909 next generation biogreen 21 program ssac grant pj01111803 rda kribb initiative program south korea	abstractbacterial volatiles protect plants either by directly inhibiting a pathogenic fungus or by improving the defense capabilities of plants . the effect of bacterial volatiles on fungal growth was dose - dependent . a low dosage did not have a noticeable effect on botrytis cinerea growth and development , but ...
surgical intervention corneal perforation indicated anterior chamber reform within short period time herein report successful management small paracentral corneal perforation using autologous iris incarceration tissue adhesive a 41-year old man developed small paracentral corneal perforation 0.5 mm size right eye treat...	backgroundsurgical intervention for corneal perforation is indicated when the anterior chamber does not reform within a short period of time . herein , we report the successful management of a small paracentral corneal perforation using autologous iris incarceration and tissue adhesive.casea 41-year - old man develo...
long recognized psychiatric disorders symptoms aggregate families evidence substantial role genetic factors incontrovertible genetic epidemiological studies autism bipolar disorder schizophrenia show risk developing one specific psychiatric illnesses proportional amount genetic material shared affected individual herit...	there is strong evidence that genetic factors make substantial contributions to the etiology of autism , schizophrenia and bipolar disorders , with heritability estimates being at least 80% for each . these illnesses have complex inheritance , with multiple genetic and environmental factors influencing disease risk ...
fever common reason seeking medical attention accounts 20% emergency department visits.1 many mothers caregivers perceived phobia associated child fever reasons include serious infection seizure brain damage death.2 paediatricians regularly advised parents seek immediate medical attention children developed fever fever...	background : many mothers still rely on palpation to determine if their children have fever at home before deciding to seek medical attention or administer self - medications . this study was carried out to determine the accuracy of subjective assessment of fever by nigerian mothers in under-5 children.patients and ...
pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma pdac represents fourth leading cause cancer mortality worldwide incidence approximately 217,000 new cases year nearly matched 213,000 deaths parkin et al 2001 several frequent genetic events underlying initiation progression human pancreatic cancer identified hezel et al 2006 maitra hru...	chromosomal instability is a hallmark of human cancer cells , but its role in carcinogenesis remains poorly resolved . insights into this role have emerged from studies on the tumour suppressor brca2 , whose inactivation in human cancers causes chromosomal instability through the loss of essential functions of the b...
central venous catheters cvc often used intensive care unit icu monitoring treatment critically ill patients provide long term venous access however use may result nosocomial catheter related bloodstream infection crbsi the estimated number crbsi approximately 250,000 annually united states 24 incidence approximately 1...	backgroundcatheter - related bloodstream infection ( crbsi ) is a life - threatening condition encountered in patients with long - term central venous catheter ( cvc ) indwelling . the objective was to investigate the clinical characteristics , treatment , and prognosis of crbsi in the intensive care unit ( icu ) in...
critical need develop potent selective therapeutic agents capable targeting malignant tissue without compromising normal cell viability while chemotherapeutic agents e.g. doxorubicin docetaxel remain widely used clinic lack inherent selectivity desired limit toxicity normal cells addition administration chemo...	the androgen receptor ( ar ) is a major therapeutic target in prostate cancer pharmacology . progression of prostate cancer has been linked to elevated expression of ar in malignant tissue , suggesting that ar plays a central role in prostate cancer cell biology . potent therapeutic agents can be precise...
patients acute coronary syndrome acs key increased survival preservation myocardial function rapid diagnosis followed appropriate early intervention enable timely management strategies intervention carried delays level management prehospital setting emergency department ed subsequently cardiac catheterisation laborator...	introductionthe v - quick patch template system is compared with the standard 12-lead electrocardiogram ( ecg ) acquisition technique in this paper . the objectives of the study were : ( a ) to study and compare the time taken to produce the printed 12-lead ecg and ( b ) to look at the level of agreement when the ecgs...
studies phrynoderma conducted early middle last century therefore clinical features phrynoderma association nutritional deficiency signs studied elucidate relationship phrynoderma nutritional status patients a cross sectional descriptive study 125 consecutive phrynoderma patients attending outpatient department opd der...	background : phrynoderma is a type of follicular hyperkeratosis . various nutritional deficiency disorders have been implicated in the etiology of phrynoderma.aim:to determine clinical features of phrynoderma and its association with nutritional deficiency signs.materials and methods : a cross - sectional descriptiv...
dieulafoy lesion aberrant submucosal vessel lies close contact mucous membrane may lead exposure causing massive gastrointestinal gi bleeding.1 cause approximately 6% upper gi bleeding.2 commonly found proximal stomach especially within 6 cm gastroesophageal junction predominantly lesser curvature however occur anywher...	ileal dieulafoy lesion is an unusual vascular abnormality that can cause gastrointestinal bleeding . it can be associated with massive , life - threatening hemorrhage and requires urgent angiographic intervention or surgery . ileal dieulafoy lesion is hard to recognize due to inaccessibility and normal - appearing...
obesity stigma negative stereotypes obese people widespread damaging health dignity human rights quality life obese individuals standard media biomedical depictions obese individuals contribute stigmatization positing obesity incidence nearly entirely dependent individualistic actions furthermore obese individuals may ...	obesity is viewed as a major public health concern , and obesity stigma is pervasive . such marginalization renders obese persons a special population . weight bias arises in part due to popular sources ' attribution of obesity causation to individual lifestyle factors . this may not accurately reflect the exp...
celiac disease cd common autoimmune disorder estimated affect approximately 1% us population many studies evaluated methods identifying high risk populations patients need proactive screening case identification many chronic diseases quality improvement approaches applied populations patients cd standardize care track ...	background : celiac disease ( cd ) is a common autoimmune disorder . efficient identification of patients may improve chronic management of the disease . prior studies have shown searching international classification of diseases-9 ( icd-9 ) codes alone is inaccurate for identifying patients with cd . in this stud...
possible presence infection cervical smear tests usually reported cytologists based cytological criteria therefore non specific cervicitis inflammatory changes smear report common these findings usually unclear clinical approaches appropriate guideline management patients it known women recalled cultures treatment infl...	objectivenon - specific cervicitis or inflammatory changes in a smear report are common which are usually unclear for clinical approaches . to investigate the frequency of inflammation and pathogenic vaginal microorganisms in cervical smears among an iranian population sample.materials and methodsthis cross - sectiona...
brucellosis highly contagious zoonosis caused bacteria genus brucella listed class b animal epidemics world organization animal health oie the genus six classic species b. abortus b. melitensis b. suis b. canis b. ovis b. neotomae recently marine species b. ceti b. pinnipedialis b. microti b. inopinata included genus f...	a study was conducted in order to evaluate the contamination by brucella spp . of meat from animals slaughtered because they had resulted positive for brucellosis at some time during their life . after slaughter and before delivery to market outlets , swab samples were taken from 307 carcasses of infected animals : ...
behet disease bd chronic inflammatory disease characterized recurrent oral genital ulceration uveitis1 clinical manifestations include skin lesions arthritis thrombosis neurologic symptoms intestinal ulceration polychondritis known rare complication bd case bd combined polychondritis reported firestein et al reported f...	polychondritis is an inflammatory disorder that affects various catilagenous structures , and the clinical features include auricular , nasal and respiratory tract chondritis . it also involves the eyes , audiovestibular apparatus , joints and vascular structures . polychondritis can be associated with several rhe...
discussing methodology detailed understanding finite element method significance essential basic idea finite element method find solution complicated problem replacing simpler one finite element method actual continuum body matter these elements considered interconnected specified points called nodes nodal points a var...	aim : the aim of this study is to evaluate the center of resistance of maxillary incisors during simultaneous intrusion and retraction.subjects and methods : in this study , the following steps were employed namely , ( 1 ) preprocessing - the creation of geometric model , mesh generation and boundary conditions . ( ...
study protocol approved animal care use committee juntendo university male c57bl/6 mice 7 weeks old purchased oriental yeast tokyo japan housed specific pathogen deficient apoe mice 6 weeks old purchased jackson laboratory bar harbor housed specific pathogen mice maintained 12-h light dark cycle fed standard rodent d...	objectiveexogenous administration of glucagon - like peptide-1 ( glp-1 ) or glp-1 receptor agonists such as an exendin-4 has direct beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system . however , their effects on atherosclerogenesis have not been elucidated . the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of glp...
disability prevalence increases advanced age disability elderly population major public health problem this especially crucial chinese 88 million persons aged 65 china alone number projected increase 341 million 2050 importantly disability prevalence chinese elderly population increasing 35 contrast declining trend dev...	objective . we aimed to examine the independent contributions of physical health and cognitive function to disability among chinese older adults living in two asian metropolises and explore the potential influences of environment . design and participants . cross - sectional analysis based on data from two p...
conventional nontargeted chemotherapeutics antimetabolites microtubule inhibitors dna intercalating alkylating agents effective killing cancer cells due indiscriminate penetration nearly cells also damage healthy cells causing toxicities myelosuppression alopecia mucositis peripheral neuropathy cardiotoxicity...	as the delivery of selectively targeted cytotoxic agents via antibodies or small molecule ligands to malignancies has begun to show promise in the clinic , the need to identify and validate additional cellular targets for specific therapeutic delivery is critical . although a multitude of cancers have been...
often new physics faculty member faced duty renovating introductory physics labs we provide list experiments equipment needed convert half traditional labs 1-year introductory physics lab microcomputer based laboratories mbls our student body consists mostly science majors take algebra based course but lab renovation d...	nowadays , data acquisition software and sensors are being widely used in introductory physics laboratories . this allows the student to spend more time exploring the data that is collected by the computer hence focusing more on the physical concept . very often , a faculty is faced with the challenge of updating ...
	octane - enhancing constituents of gasoline pose a number of health hazards . this paper considers the relative risks of metallic ( lead , manganese ) , aromatic ( e.g. , benzene ) , and oxygenated additives in both industrialized and developing countries . technological advances , particularly in industrialized cou...
type 2 diabetes mellitus t2 dm growing epidemic united states america alone nearly 25.8 million people approx 8.3% total population disease.1 estimates placed global prevalence disease around 217 million.2 consequence individual prolonged exposure hyperglycemia marked increase risk mortality morbidity associated reduct...	there is a recognized need for new treatment options for type 2 diabetes mellitus ( t2 dm ) . recovery of glucose from the glomerular filtrate represents an important mechanism in maintaining glucose homeostasis and represents a novel target for the management of t2 dm . recovery of glucose from the glomerular fil...
goal defibrillation df testing verify detection ventricular tachyarrhythmias implantable cardioverter defibrillators icds ascertain df efficacy all clinical trials demonstrated benefit icd therapy included kind df testing according food drug administration the instructions use icds include recommendation df testing tim...	aimsthis trial was designed to test the hypothesis that shock efficacy during follow - up is not impaired in patients implanted without defibrillation ( df ) testing during first implantable cardioverter - defibrillator ( icd ) implantation.methods and resultsbetween february 2011 and july 2013 , 1077 patients were ra...
bladder cancer seventh common malignancy world men third common poland women cancer occurs less frequently 17 world 15 poland contrast men increasing trend morbidity observed 15 poland 2010 6296 incidents bladder cancer noticed 4919 men 1377 women mortality cancer high reaching 50.2% men 46.5% women approximately 1520%...	introductionincontinent urinary diversion using an ileal conduit is the most popular method used by urologists after bladder cystectomy resulting from muscle invasive bladder cancer . the use of gastrointestinal tissue is related to a series of complications with the necessity of surgical procedure extension which i...
~1.81 million chronic kidney disease patients globally undergoing hemodialysis hd treatment estimated 90,000 5% thereof treated hemodiafiltration hdf).1 online hdf suggested possible cost effective alternative compared standard hd mainly due superior middle molecule clearance resulting combination diffusion convection ...	backgroundclinical studies suggest that hemodiafiltration ( hdf ) may lead to better clinical outcomes than high - flux hemodialysis ( hf - hd ) , but concerns have been raised about the cost - effectiveness of hdf versus hf - hd . aim of this study was to investigate whether clinical benefits , in terms of longer s...
alzheimer disease ad frequent neurodegenerative disease ferri et al 2005 characterized progressive dementia occurs middle late life the neuropathological hallmark ad presence cortical intracellular neurofibrillary tangles nft extracellular -amyloid plaques braak braak 1991 leads synapse dysfunction neuronal cell loss s...	alzheimer s disease ( ad ) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly , and it is characterized by progressive impairment in multiple cognitive domains of sufficient severity to interfere with individuals daily living activities . historically , the diagnosis of ad has been based on the identification of a c...
cardinal clinical characteristics sca3 include gait stance unsteadiness limb ataxia dysarthria oculomotor dysfunction sensory disorder pyramidal extrapyramidal dysfunction sca3 slowly progressive unremitting disease patients generally become wheelchair bound bedridden end stage median survival time disease onset approx...	background : spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 ( sca3 ) is the most common subtype of sca worldwide , and runs a slowly progressive and unremitting disease course . there is currently no curable treatment available . growing evidence has suggested that nerve growth factor ( ngf ) may have therapeutic effects in neurod...
nanopores powerful research tools investigate structural dynamic properties single biomolecules nanopores inner diameters nanometers following size exclusion principle individual dna protein molecules fit pass pore importantly passing molecule blocks pore leading transient change current parameters current blockade dur...	single nanopores attract a great deal of scientific interest as a basis for biosensors and as a system to study the interactions and behavior of molecules in a confined volume . tuning the geometry and surface chemistry of nanopores helps create devices that control transport of ions and molecules in solution . here...
skin largest sensory organ body densely equipped highly specialized sensory nerve endings capable sensing wide range sensory stimuli light touch mechanical pressure temperature itch pain these cutaneous sensory afferents distinguished many morphological anatomical electrophysiological molecular criteria liu 2011 owens ...	summarycutaneous c - unmyelinated mrgprd+ free nerve endings and c - ltmrs innervating hair follicles convey two opposite aspects of touch sensation : a sensation of pain and a sensation of pleasant touch . the molecular mechanisms underlying these diametrically opposite functions are unknown . here , we used a mo...
endoplasmic reticulum er organelle crucial biosynthetic signaling functions eukaryotic cells the er major intracellular calcium ca storage organelle critically involved ca homeostasis ca mediated signaling pathways also provides environment synthesis folding modification proteins destined secreted embedded plasma membr...	different physiological and pathological conditions can perturb protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum , leading to a condition known as er stress . er stress activates a complex intracellular signal transduction pathway , called unfolded protein response ( upr ) . the upr is tailored essentially to reestabl...
bevacizumab became standard care first line treatment metastatic colorectal cancer mcrc association chemotherapy patients benefit bevacizumab treatment cumulative data gathered retrospective studies show bevacizumab induced hypertension htn appears associated statistically significant improvement response rates progres...	backgroundbevacizumab has become standard of care as first - line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer ( mcrc ) , after proving increased response rates and improvement in survival outcomes . hypertension ( htn ) is a common complication of the treatment with bevacizumab and , owing to its close relation with a...
need advance saliva research strongly recognized strategic plan national institute dental craniofacial research the ability monitor health status disease onset progression recurrence treatment outcome non invasive means highly important advancing health care management saliva oral fluid perfect medium explored offering...	there is a need recognized by the national institute of dental & craniofacial research and the national cancer institute to advance basic , translational and clinical saliva research . the goal of the salivaomics knowledge base ( skb ) is to create a data management system and web resource constructed to support hum...
emergence new concepts management oncologic malignancies fast changing trends modern medicine necessitate development strategies customized treatment suited patient variable requirements response chemotherapy predicted certainty individual presently moreover histopathological changes chemotherapy vary patients studies ...	background : various histopathological changes have been observed following neoadjuvant chemotherapy in individual tumors in the literature.aims and objectives : to observe histopathologic changes seen after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast malignancies , squamous cell carcinomas , adenocarcinomas , and wilms tumor ...
acute myeloid leukemia aml clinically morphologically genetically heterogeneous disease characterized clonal expansion myeloid blasts peripheral bone marrow bm blood tissues the incidence aml increases age particularly 65 years old median age diagnosis around 70 years age one powerful prognostic factors survival aml el...	retrospective data was collected from 77 elderly acute myeloid leukemia ( aml ) patients treated with azacitidine ( aza ) and 50 elderly aml patients treated with intensive chemotherapy ( ic ) from 4 portuguese hospitals.median os was 10.6 months in those receiving aza as 1st line . response ( overall response rate ...
one important organ systems cardiovascular disorders specially ischemic heart diseases cause disability death some people specially workers work special industries risk disorders there many studies work workers health study cardiovascular system disorders one etiology one modifiable risk factors etiology work exposure ...	background : disorders of cardiovascular system can cause disability or death , screening is necessary specially in workers who maybe had risk factors . hypertension , hyperlipidemia , obesity , smoking , genetic , exposure to chemicals , fumes , solvents , coldness are non occupational and occupational risk factors...
vesicoureteral reflux vur occurs commonly children resulting potentially serious complications this could result renal scarring hypertension even end stage renal failure treatment options children vur include continuous antibiotic prophylaxis endoscopic injections laparoscopic open ureteroneocystostomy since hutch intr...	purposeas endoscopic treatment for vesicoureteral reflux ( vur ) has increased , secondary ureteral reimplantation ( ur ) after failure of endoscopic treatment has increased . we studied the clinical feature and efficacy of secondary ur after failure of endoscopic treatment compared with primary ur.materials and met...
well developed societies tend barriers different organizations different professions even professions want co operate help individuals satisfy needs health social services today face groups patients composite problems often unstable they include obviously elderly persons multiple problems chronically ill children perso...	introductionorganizations can be regarded as systems . the traditional model of systems views them as machines . this seems to be insufficient when it comes to understanding and organizing complex tasks . to better understand integrated care we should approach organizations as constantly changing living organisms ...
introduce recent advances study post translational processing modification targeting cathepsins cystatins almost intracellular proteins passed principally similar processes synthesis degradation general therefore would like introduce general fate intracellular proteins post translational processing modification targeti...	cathepsins are an essential protease family in all living cells . the cathepsins play an essential roles such as protein catabolism and protein synthesis . to targeting to various organella and to regulate their activity , the post translational - processing and modification play an important role cathepsins are t...
endocrine disorders may complicate cause mimic otolaryngologic disorders may anatomical due enlargement thyroid gland others physiological resulting increased decreased glandular activity.1 hypothyroidism characterized slowing mental motor activity depression constipation cold intolerance menorrhagia stiff muscles carp...	hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disorder with characteristic clinical symptoms and signs . typical symptoms of hypothyroidism are lethargy , cold intolerance , slowing of intellectual and motor activity , decreased appetite , weight gain , and dry skin . a 39-year - old female presented to the clinic with dys...
bicipital groove bg indentation anterior aspect proximal part humerus this groove allows tendon long head biceps brachi muscle enveloped synovial sheath ascending branch anterior circumflex humeral artery pass it bounded medially lesser tubercle laterally greater tubercle superiorly bridging transverse humeral ligament...	the variant morphometry of bicipital groove is reported to be associated with pathologies of biceps tendon and is useful in surgical procedures in this region . the pathologies of biceps tendon are frequent causes of shoulder pain . therefore , under the condition of paucity of data pertaining to north indians , not...
five world fatal work safety accidents past decade 20012010 occurred china 1 work safety accidents become first cause deaths chinese citizens 44 yr old 2 work safety accidents pose great threat people life especially major accidents defined ones result least 10 deaths the chinese government established surveillance sys...	background : this study provides a national profile of major work safety accidents in china , which cause more than 10 fatalities per accident , intended to provide scientific basis for prevention measures and strategies to reduce major work safety accidents and deaths.methods:data from 20032012 census of major work s...
previously described growth conditions including inducing development used a. nidulans 17 18 expression anea via niia promoter induced 0.6% sodium nitrate repressed 0.2% ammonium tartrate an anea disruption cassette dc constructed according methods described yu et al using genomic dna prepared a. nidulans fgsc a4 dna f...	we have previously isolated -cop , the -cop interactor in copi of aspergillus nidulans , by yeast two - hybrid screening . to understand the function of -cop , the anea+ gene for -cop / anea was deleted by homologous recombination using a gene - specific disruption cassette . deletion of the -cop gene showed no dete...
diagnosis extent resection management hd depend sensitive specific identification ganglion cells.[13 however documenting aganglionosis often difficult tedious routine hematoxylin eosin h e stained sections acetylcholinesterase ache evolved gold standard diagnosing hd however histochemical analysis technically challengi...	aim : to evaluate the efficacy of calretinin immunostaining in diagnosing hirschsprung 's disease ( hd).materials and methods : sixty cases were studied over a period of 1 year ( july 2010-june 2011 ) . there were 36 full - thickness biopsies and 24 resected specimens . calretinin processing was done on the paraff...
drug abuse considered critical health related social economic problem countries last three decades world experienced shocking figures expressing drug abuse prevalence societies esp among teenagers youth united nation office crime drug abuse prevention recently reported 185 million drug consumers world wide increasing t...	background : drug abuse is now - a - days one of the gravest social harms . recent years have experienced a drastic rise in drug abuse among school and university students . thus , the need for special attention to the issue is deemed important . the present study was conducted with the aim of assessing the impa...
q fever zoonotic disease caused coxiella burnetii microorganism frequently infects domestic ungulates well wild mammals many genera 1 animals the disease transmitted humans incidentally inhalation aerosols infected cattle sheep 1 2 humans c. burnetii infection may asymptomatic acute chronic chronic q fever rare endocar...	we report results on the seroprevalence of antibodies to coxiella burnetii in cattle and healthy people in korea . upon agreement with dairy owners , serum samples from 414 dairy cattle were collected between march and june 2001 and samples from 205 people for health screening were collected between april and decemb...

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