ChemicalName stringlengths 3 104 | Definition stringlengths 12 791 |
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mesoporphyrins | Porphyrins with four methyl, two ethyl, and two propionic acid side chains attached to the pyrrole rings. |
mesoridazine | A phenothiazine antipsychotic with effects similar to CHLORPROMAZINE. |
mesothelin | An ANTIGEN present on the surface of certain types of normal cells and overexpressed in several human tumors, including OVARIAN CANCER. |
mesterolone | 17 beta-Hydroxy-1 alpha-methyl-5 alpha-androstan-3-one. A synthetic steroid with anabolic and androgenic activities. |
mestranol | The 3-methyl ether of ETHINYL ESTRADIOL. It must be demethylated to be biologically active. It is used as the estrogen component of many combination ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES. |
mesylates | Organic salts or esters of methanesulfonic acid. |
meta-aminobenzoates | Aminobenzoate derivatives that contain an amino group attached to carbon number 3 or 5 of the benzene ring structure. |
metabolic side effects of drugs and substances | Specific effects of drugs and substances on metabolic pathways such as those occurring through the CYTOCHROME P-450 ENZYME SYSTEM. These include effects that often result in DRUG INTERACTIONS; FOOD-DRUG INTERACTIONS; and HERB-DRUG INTERACTIONS. |
metal ceramic alloys | The fusion of ceramics (porcelain) to an alloy of two or more metals for use in restorative and prosthodontic dentistry. Examples of metal alloys employed include cobalt-chromium, gold-palladium, gold-platinum-palladium, and nickel-based alloys. |
metallocenes | Organometallic compounds that generally consist of two cylcopentadiene ANIONS joined in their centers by a metallic cation such as NICKEL; IRON; or TITANIUM. |
metalloids | A class of nonmetals such as arsenic that have some of the chemical properties of a metal. |
metalloporphyrins | Porphyrins which are combined with a metal ion. The metal is bound equally to all four nitrogen atoms of the pyrrole rings. They possess characteristic absorption spectra which can be utilized for identification or quantitative estimation of porphyrins and porphyrin-bound compounds. |
metal-organic frameworks | Supramolecular networks that consist of ordered arrangements of organic electron donor linkers (usually ditopic or polytopic organic carboxylates) and metal cations. They can have an extremely high surface area and adjustable pore size that allows for the insertion of other molecules capable of various functions such a... |
metals | Electropositive chemical elements characterized by ductility, malleability, luster, and conductance of heat and electricity. They can replace the hydrogen of an acid and form bases with hydroxyl radicals. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) |
metals, alkali | Metals that constitute group 1(formerly group IA) of the periodic table. They are the most strongly electropositive of the metals. Note that HYDROGEN is not considered an alkali metal even though it falls under the group 1 heading in the periodic table. |
metals, alkaline earth | Metals that constitute the group 2 (formerly group IIA) of the periodic table. |
metals, heavy | Metals with high specific gravity, typically larger than 5. They have complex spectra, form colored salts and double salts, have a low electrode potential, are mainly amphoteric, yield weak bases and weak acids, and are oxidizing or reducing agents (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) |
metals, light | Metals with low specific gravity, typically smaller than 5, characterized by a single valence (1, 2, or 3), a simple spectrum, strong electromotive force (positive), and colorless compounds. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) |
metals, rare earth | A group of elements that include SCANDIUM; YTTRIUM; and the LANTHANOID SERIES ELEMENTS. Historically, the rare earth metals got their name from the fact that they were never found in their pure elemental form, but as an oxide. In addition, they were very difficult to purify. They are not truly rare and comprise about 2... |
metanephrine | Product of epinephrine O-methylation. It is a commonly occurring, pharmacologically and physiologically inactive metabolite of epinephrine. |
metaproterenol | A beta-2 adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of ASTHMA and BRONCHIAL SPASM. |
metaraminol | A sympathomimetic agent that acts predominantly at alpha-1 adrenergic receptors. It has been used primarily as a vasoconstrictor in the treatment of HYPOTENSION. |
metergoline | A dopamine agonist and serotonin antagonist. It has been used similarly to BROMOCRIPTINE as a dopamine agonist and also for MIGRAINE DISORDERS therapy. |
metformin | A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289) |
methacholine chloride | A quaternary ammonium parasympathomimetic agent with the muscarinic actions of ACETYLCHOLINE. It is hydrolyzed by ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE at a considerably slower rate than ACETYLCHOLINE and is more resistant to hydrolysis by nonspecific CHOLINESTERASES so that its actions are more prolonged. It is used as a parasympathom... |
methacholine compounds | A group of compounds that are derivatives of beta-methylacetylcholine (methacholine). |
methacrylates | Acrylic acids or acrylates which are substituted in the C-2 position with a methyl group. |
methacycline | A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic related to TETRACYCLINE but excreted more slowly and maintaining effective blood levels for a more extended period. |
methadone | A synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1082-3) |
methadyl acetate | A narcotic analgesic with a long onset and duration of action. |
methallibure | A dithiobiurea compound with anti-gonadotropic activity. |
methamphetamine | A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed. |
methandriol | A synthetic steroid with anabolic and androgenic properties. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1188) |
methandrostenolone | A synthetic steroid with anabolic properties that are more pronounced than its androgenic effects. It has little progestational activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1188) |
methane | The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) |
methanol | A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness. |
methantheline | A quaternary ammonium compound that acts as an antimuscarinic agent. It has been used in the treatment of PEPTIC ULCER, in gastrointestinal disorders associated with smooth muscle spasm, and in the management of urinary incontinence, and may also be used for the treatment of HYPERHIDROSIS. |
methapyrilene | Histamine H1 antagonist with sedative action used as a hypnotic and in allergies. |
methaqualone | A quinazoline derivative with hypnotic and sedative properties. It has been withdrawn from the market in many countries because of problems with abuse. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p604) |
methazolamide | A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used as a diuretic and in the treatment of glaucoma. |
methenamine | An anti-infective agent most commonly used in the treatment of urinary tract infections. Its anti-infective action derives from the slow release of formaldehyde by hydrolysis at acidic pH. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p173) |
methenolone | A synthetic steroid that has been used for its anabolic action. |
methicillin | One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE but susceptible to a penicillin-binding protein. It is inactivated by gastric acid so administered by injection. |
methimazole | A thioureylene antithyroid agent that inhibits the formation of thyroid hormones by interfering with the incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. This is done by interfering with the oxidation of iodide ion and iodotyrosyl groups through inhibition of the peroxidase enzyme. |
methiocarb | Insecticide, molluscacide, acaricide. |
methionine | A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions. |
methiothepin | A serotonin receptor antagonist in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM used as an antipsychotic. |
methisazone | An antiviral agent effective against pox viruses. |
methocarbamol | A centrally acting muscle relaxant whose mode of action has not been established. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1206) |
methohexital | An intravenous anesthetic with a short duration of action that may be used for induction of anesthesia. |
methomyl | A carbamate insecticide with anticholinesterase activity. |
methoprene | Juvenile hormone analog and insect growth regulator used to control insects by disrupting metamorphosis. Has been effective in controlling mosquito larvae. |
methotrexate | An antineoplastic antimetabolite with immunosuppressant properties. It is an inhibitor of TETRAHYDROFOLATE DEHYDROGENASE and prevents the formation of tetrahydrofolate, necessary for synthesis of thymidylate, an essential component of DNA. |
methotrimeprazine | A phenothiazine with pharmacological activity similar to that of both CHLORPROMAZINE and PROMETHAZINE. It has the histamine-antagonist properties of the antihistamines together with CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM effects resembling those of chlorpromazine. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p604) |
methoxamine | An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist that causes prolonged peripheral VASOCONSTRICTION. |
methoxsalen | A naturally occurring furocoumarin compound found in several species of plants, including Psoralea corylifolia. It is a photoactive substance that forms DNA ADDUCTS in the presence of ultraviolet A irradiation. |
methoxychlor | An insecticide. Methoxychlor has estrogenic effects in mammals, among other effects. |
methoxydimethyltryptamines | Compounds that contain the biogenic monoamine tryptamine and are substituted with one methoxy group and two methyl groups. Members of this group include several potent serotonergic hallucinogens found in several unrelated plants, skins of certain toads, and in mammalian brains. They are possibly involved in the etiolog... |
methoxyflurane | An inhalation anesthetic. Currently, methoxyflurane is rarely used for surgical, obstetric, or dental anesthesia. If so employed, it should be administered with NITROUS OXIDE to achieve a relatively light level of anesthesia, and a neuromuscular blocking agent given concurrently to obtain the desired degree of muscular... |
methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol | Synthesized from endogenous epinephrine and norepinephrine in vivo. It is found in brain, blood, CSF, and urine, where its concentrations are used to measure catecholamine turnover. |
methyclothiazide | A thiazide diuretic with properties similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p825) |
methylamines | Derivatives of methylamine (the structural formula CH3NH2). |
methylazoxymethanol acetate | The aglycone of CYCASIN. It acts as a potent carcinogen and neurotoxin and inhibits hepatic DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis. |
methylcellulose | Methylester of cellulose. Methylcellulose is used as an emulsifying and suspending agent in cosmetics, pharmaceutics and the chemical industry. It is used therapeutically as a bulk laxative. |
methyl chloride | A hydrocarbon used as an industrial solvent. It has been used as an aerosal propellent, as a refrigerant and as a local anesthetic. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed, p1403) |
methylcholanthrene | A carcinogen that is often used in experimental cancer studies. |
methyldimethylaminoazobenzene | A very potent liver carcinogen. |
methyldopa | An alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that has both central and peripheral nervous system effects. Its primary clinical use is as an antihypertensive agent. |
methylenebis(chloroaniline) | Aromatic diamine used in the plastics industry as curing agent for epoxy resins and urethane rubbers. It causes bladder, liver, lung, and other neoplasms. |
methylene blue | A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of M... |
methylene chloride | A chlorinated hydrocarbon that has been used as an inhalation anesthetic and acts as a narcotic in high concentrations. Its primary use is as a solvent in manufacturing and food technology. |
methylergonovine | A homolog of ERGONOVINE containing one more CH2 group. (Merck Index, 11th ed) |
methyl ethers | A group of compounds that contain the general formula R-OCH3. |
methyl green | A tri-benzene-ammonium usually compounded with zinc chloride. It is used as a biological stain and for the dyeing and printing of textiles. |
methylguanidine | A product of putrefaction. Poisonous. |
methylhistamines | Histamine substituted in any position with one or more methyl groups. Many of these are agonists for the H1, H2, or both histamine receptors. |
methylhistidines | Histidine substituted in any position with one or more methyl groups. |
methylhydrazines | Hydrazines substituted by one or more methyl groups in any position. |
methylmalonic acid | A malonic acid derivative which is a vital intermediate in the metabolism of fat and protein. Abnormalities in methylmalonic acid metabolism lead to methylmalonic aciduria. This metabolic disease is attributed to a block in the enzymatic conversion of methylmalonyl CoA to succinyl CoA. |
methylmannosides | Mannosides formed by the reaction of the hydroxyl group on the anomeric carbon atom of mannose with methyl alcohol. They include both alpha- and beta-methylmannosides. |
methylmercury compounds | Organic compounds in which mercury is attached to a methyl group. |
methylmethacrylate | The methyl ester of methacrylic acid. It polymerizes easily to form POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE. It is used as a bone cement. |
methylmethacrylates | The methyl esters of methacrylic acid that polymerize easily and are used as tissue cements, dental materials, and absorbent for biological substances. |
methyl methanesulfonate | An alkylating agent in cancer therapy that may also act as a mutagen by interfering with and causing damage to DNA. |
methyl n-butyl ketone | An industrial solvent which causes nervous system degeneration. MBK is an acronym often used to refer to it. |
methylnitronitrosoguanidine | A nitrosoguanidine derivative with potent mutagenic and carcinogenic properties. |
methylnitrosourea | A nitrosourea compound with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties. |
methyl parathion | The methyl homolog of parathion. An effective, but highly toxic, organothiophosphate insecticide and cholinesterase inhibitor. |
methylphenazonium methosulfate | Used as an electron carrier in place of the flavine enzyme of Warburg in the hexosemonophosphate system and also in the preparation of SUCCINIC DEHYDROGENASE. |
methylphenidate | A central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER in children and for NARCOLEPSY. Its mechanisms appear to be similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The d-isomer of this drug is referred to as DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDE. |
methylprednisolone | A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action. |
methylprednisolone acetate | Methylprednisolone derivative that is used as an anti-inflammatory agent for the treatment of ALLERGY and ALLERGIC RHINITIS; ASTHMA; and BURSITIS; and for the treatment of ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY. |
methylprednisolone hemisuccinate | A water-soluble ester of METHYLPREDNISOLONE used for cardiac, allergic, and hypoxic emergencies. |
methyltestosterone | A synthetic hormone used for androgen replacement therapy and as an hormonal antineoplastic agent (ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, HORMONAL). |
methylthioinosine | 6-(Methylthio)-9-beta-D-ribofuranosylpurine. An analog of inosine with a methylthio group replacing the hydroxyl group in the 6-position. |
methylthiouracil | A thiourea antithyroid agent that inhibits the synthesis of thyroid hormone. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. |
methyltyrosines | A group of compounds that are methyl derivatives of the amino acid TYROSINE. |
methylurea compounds | Urea compounds which are substituted with one or more methyl groups. |
methysergide | An ergot derivative that is a congener of LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE. It antagonizes the effects of serotonin in blood vessels and gastrointestinal smooth muscle, but has few of the properties of other ergot alkaloids. Methysergide is used prophylactically in migraine and other vascular headaches and to antagonize sero... |
metiamide | A histamine H2 receptor antagonist that is used as an anti-ulcer agent. |
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