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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl%20L.%20Littrow | Karl Ludwig Edler von Littrow (18 July 1811 – 16 November 1877) was an Austrian astronomer.
Born in Kazan, Russian Empire, he was the son of astronomer Joseph Johann Littrow. He studied mathematics and astronomy at the universities of Vienna and Berlin, receiving his doctorate at the University of Krakow in 1832. In 1... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Chemistry%20Olympiad | The International Chemistry Olympiad (IChO) is an annual academic competition for high school students. It is one of the International Science Olympiads. The first IChO was held in Prague, Czechoslovakia, in 1968. The event has been held every year since then, with the exception of 1971. The delegations that attended t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperfine%20structure | In atomic physics, hyperfine structure is defined by small shifts in otherwise degenerate energy levels and the resulting splittings in those energy levels of atoms, molecules, and ions, due to electromagnetic multipole interaction between the nucleus and electron clouds.
In atoms, hyperfine structure arises from the ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists%20of%20mathematics%20topics | Lists of mathematics topics cover a variety of topics related to mathematics. Some of these lists link to hundreds of articles; some link only to a few. The template to the right includes links to alphabetical lists of all mathematical articles. This article brings together the same content organized in a manner better... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materials%20Science%20and%20Engineering | Materials Science and Engineering may refer to several journals in the field of materials science and engineering:
Materials Science and Engineering A
Materials Science and Engineering B
Materials Science and Engineering C
Materials Science and Engineering R, reviews
Materials science journals
Elsevier academic j... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse%20%28disambiguation%29 | A pulse, in physiology, is the throbbing of arteries resulting from heartbeat.
Pulse, The Pulse or Pulses may also refer to:
Botany
Pulse (legume), any agriculturally significant annual leguminous food crop, such as peas, beans, lentils, and chickpeas
Electronics and physics
Pulse (physics), a single disturbance t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse%20%28signal%20processing%29 | A pulse in signal processing is a rapid, transient change in the amplitude of a signal from a baseline value to a higher or lower value, followed by a rapid return to the baseline value.
Pulse shapes
Pulse shapes can arise out of a process called pulse-shaping. Optimum pulse shape depends on the application.
Rectang... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BioRuby | BioRuby is a collection of open-source Ruby code, comprising classes for computational molecular biology and bioinformatics. It contains classes for DNA and protein sequence analysis, sequence alignment, biological database parsing, structural biology and other bioinformatics tasks. BioRuby is released under the GNU GP... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluke | Fluke may refer to:
Biology
Fluke (fish), a species of marine flatfish
Fluke (tail), the lobes of the tail of a cetacean, such as dolphins or whales, ichthyosaurs, mosasaurs, plesiosaurs, and metriorhynchids.
Fluke (flatworm), parasitic flatworms in the class Trematoda
Blood fluke
Liver fluke
Arts and entertain... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham%20Fraenkel | Abraham Fraenkel (; February 17, 1891 – October 15, 1965) was a German-born Israeli mathematician. He was an early Zionist and the first Dean of Mathematics at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He is known for his contributions to axiomatic set theory, especially his additions to Ernst Zermelo's axioms, which resulte... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Von%20Neumann%E2%80%93Bernays%E2%80%93G%C3%B6del%20set%20theory | In the foundations of mathematics, von Neumann–Bernays–Gödel set theory (NBG) is an axiomatic set theory that is a conservative extension of Zermelo–Fraenkel–choice set theory (ZFC). NBG introduces the notion of class, which is a collection of sets defined by a formula whose quantifiers range only over sets. NBG can de... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semigroupoid | In mathematics, a semigroupoid (also called semicategory, naked category or precategory) is a partial algebra that satisfies the axioms for a small category, except possibly for the requirement that there be an identity at each object. Semigroupoids generalise semigroups in the same way that small categories generalise... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiny%20Encryption%20Algorithm | In cryptography, the Tiny Encryption Algorithm (TEA) is a block cipher notable for its simplicity of description and implementation, typically a few lines of code. It was designed by David Wheeler and Roger Needham of the Cambridge Computer Laboratory; it was first presented at the Fast Software Encryption workshop in... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locust%20%28disambiguation%29 | Locusts are the swarming phase of certain species of short-horned grasshoppers in the family Acridida.
Locust or Locusts may also refer to:
Biology
Insects
Cicadas, often called locusts when they swarm
Magicicada, a genus of cicadas often referred to as "13-year or 17-year locusts"
Plants
Plants of the genus Ro... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence%20%28disambiguation%29 | Independence generally refers to the self-government of a nation, country, or state by its residents and population.
Independence may also refer to:
Mathematics
Algebraic independence
Independence (graph theory), edge-wise non-connectedness
Independence (mathematical logic), logical independence
Independence (probabi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20van%20Dantzig | David van Dantzig (September 23, 1900 – July 22, 1959) was a Dutch mathematician, well known for the construction in topology of the dyadic solenoid. He was a member of the Significs Group.
Biography
Born to a Jewish family in Amsterdam in 1900, Van Dantzig started to study Chemistry at the University of Amsterdam in... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface%20integral | In mathematics, particularly multivariable calculus, a surface integral is a generalization of multiple integrals to integration over surfaces. It can be thought of as the double integral analogue of the line integral. Given a surface, one may integrate a scalar field (that is, a function of position which returns a ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Definition%20%28disambiguation%29 | A definition is a statement of the meaning of a term.
Definition may also refer to:
Science, mathematics and computing
In computer programming languages, a declaration that reserves memory for a variable or gives the body of a subroutine
Defining equation (physical chemistry), physico-chemical quantities defined i... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl%20Fischer%20titration | In analytical chemistry, Karl Fischer titration is a classic titration method that uses coulometric or volumetric titration to determine trace amounts of water in a sample. It was invented in 1935 by the German chemist Karl Fischer. Today, the titration is done with an automated Karl Fischer titrator.
Chemical princip... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category%20of%20medial%20magmas | In mathematics, the category of medial magmas, also known as the medial category, and denoted Med, is the category whose objects are medial magmas (that is, sets with a medial binary operation), and whose morphisms are magma homomorphisms (which are equivalent to homomorphisms in the sense of universal algebra).
The c... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve%20Furber | Stephen Byram Furber (born 21 March 1953) is a British computer scientist, mathematician and hardware engineer, currently the ICL Professor of Computer Engineering in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Manchester, UK. After completing his education at the University of Cambridge (BA, MMath, PhD), ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department%20of%20Computer%20Science%2C%20University%20of%20Manchester | The Department of Computer Science at the University of Manchester is the longest established department of Computer Science in the United Kingdom and one of the largest. It is located in the Kilburn Building on the Oxford Road and currently has over 800 students taking a wide range of undergraduate and postgraduate co... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cola%20%28disambiguation%29 | Cola is a type of soft drink.
Cola may also refer to:
Places
Columbia, South Carolina, nicknamed Cola Town
Arts and media
"Cola" (Lana Del Rey song), 2012 song by Lana Del Rey
"Cola" (CamelPhat and Elderbrook song), a 2017 song by CamelPhat and Elderbrook
Cola (band), a Montreal post-punk band
Biology
Cola (mo... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remarkable%20cardinal | In mathematics, a remarkable cardinal is a certain kind of large cardinal number.
A cardinal κ is called remarkable if for all regular cardinals θ > κ, there exist π, M, λ, σ, N and ρ such that
π : M → Hθ is an elementary embedding
M is countable and transitive
π(λ) = κ
σ : M → N is an elementary embedding with c... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extremal%20graph%20theory | Extremal graph theory is a branch of combinatorics, itself an area of mathematics, that lies at the intersection of extremal combinatorics and graph theory. In essence, extremal graph theory studies how global properties of a graph influence local substructure.
Results in extremal graph theory deal with quantitative c... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz%20London | Fritz Wolfgang London (March 7, 1900 – March 30, 1954) was a German born physicist and professor at Duke University. His fundamental contributions to the theories of chemical bonding and of intermolecular forces (London dispersion forces) are today considered classic and are discussed in standard textbooks of physical ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binding%20site | In biochemistry and molecular biology, a binding site is a region on a macromolecule such as a protein that binds to another molecule with specificity. The binding partner of the macromolecule is often referred to as a ligand. Ligands may include other proteins (resulting in a protein–protein interaction), enzyme subs... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council%20of%20Science%20Editors | The Council of Science Editors (CSE), formerly the Council of Biology Editors (CBE; 1965–2000) and originally the Conference of Biology Editors (CBE; 1957–1965), is a United States-based nonprofit organization that supports editorial practice among scientific writers. In 2008, the CSE adopted the slogan "CSE: Education... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20L.%20Stewart | Robert Lee Stewart (born August 13, 1942) is a retired brigadier general of the United States Army and a former NASA astronaut.
Personal
Stewart was born August 13, 1942, in Washington, D.C. He graduated from Hattiesburg High School in Hattiesburg, Mississippi, in 1960. He also received a Bachelor of Science degree i... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatase | In biochemistry, a phosphatase is an enzyme that uses water to cleave a phosphoric acid monoester into a phosphate ion and an alcohol. Because a phosphatase enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of its substrate, it is a subcategory of hydrolases. Phosphatase enzymes are essential to many biological functions, because phosph... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heckler%20%26%20Koch%20G11 | The Heckler & Koch G11 is a non-production prototype assault rifle developed from the late 1960s–1980s by Gesellschaft für Hülsenlose Gewehrsysteme (GSHG) (German for "Association for Caseless Rifle Systems"), a conglomeration of companies headed by firearm manufacturer Heckler & Koch (mechanical engineering and weapon... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Hurt%20%28astronomer%29 | Robert L. Hurt is a member of the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (IPAC) at the California Institute of Technology. He holds a Ph.D. in physics from University of California, Los Angeles.
Hurt produced the first published artist concepts of the Trans-Neptunian object 90377 Sedna, from data obtained by the Spit... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathcounts | Mathcounts, stylized as MATHCOUNTS, is a non-profit organization that provides grades 6-8 extracurricular mathematics programs in all U.S. states, plus the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Guam and U.S. Virgin Islands. Its mission is to provide engaging math programs for middle school students of all ability levels t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfaffian | In mathematics, the determinant of an m×m skew-symmetric matrix can always be written as the square of a polynomial in the matrix entries, a polynomial with integer coefficients that only depends on m. When m is odd, the polynomial is zero. When m=2n is even, it is a nonzero polynomial of degree n, and is unique up to ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy%20value%20of%20coal | The energy value of coal, or fuel content, is the amount of potential energy coal contains that can be converted into heat. This value can be calculated and compared with different grades of coal and other combustible materials, which produce different amounts of heat according to their grade.
While chemistry provides... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De%20dicto%20and%20de%20re | De dicto and de re are two phrases used to mark a distinction in intensional statements, associated with the intensional operators in many such statements. The distinction is used regularly in metaphysics and in philosophy of language.
The literal translation of the phrase de dicto is "about what is said", whereas de... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20Bamberg | The University of Bamberg () in Bamberg, Germany, specializes in the humanities, cultural studies, social sciences, economics, and applied computer science.
Campus
The university is partly housed in historical buildings in Bamberg's Old Town. These include the former Jesuit college (Theology), the former Hochzeitshau... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XTEA | In cryptography, XTEA (eXtended TEA) is a block cipher designed to correct weaknesses in TEA. The cipher's designers were David Wheeler and Roger Needham of the Cambridge Computer Laboratory, and the algorithm was presented in an unpublished technical report in 1997 (Needham and Wheeler, 1997). It is not subject to any... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codebook | A codebook is a type of document used for gathering and storing cryptography codes. Originally, codebooks were often literally books, but today "codebook" is a byword for the complete record of a series of codes, regardless of physical format.
Cryptography
In cryptography, a codebook is a document used for implementin... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Astonishing%20Hypothesis | The Astonishing Hypothesis is a 1994 book by scientist Francis Crick about consciousness. Crick, one of the co-discoverers of the molecular structure of DNA, later became a theorist for neurobiology and the study of the brain. The Astonishing Hypothesis is mostly concerned with establishing a basis for scientific study... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutralization%20%28chemistry%29 | In chemistry, neutralization or neutralisation (see spelling differences) is a chemical reaction in which acid and a base react with an equivalent quantity of each other. In a reaction in water, neutralization results in there being no excess of hydrogen or hydroxide ions present in the solution. The pH of the neutrali... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry%20Bateman | Harry Bateman FRS (29 May 1882 – 21 January 1946) was an English mathematician with a specialty in differential equations of mathematical physics. With Ebenezer Cunningham, he expanded the views of spacetime symmetry of Lorentz and Poincare to a more expansive conformal group of spacetime leaving Maxwell's equations in... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich%20Wilhelm%20Schott | Heinrich Wilhelm Schott (7 January 1794 – 5 March 1865) was an Austrian botanist. He is known for his extensive work on aroids (Araceae).
Biography
Schott was born on 7 January 1794 in Brno, Moravia. He studied botany, agriculture and chemistry at the University of Vienna, where he was a pupil of Joseph Franz von Jacq... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silent%20synapse | In neuroscience, a silent synapse is an excitatory glutamatergic synapse whose postsynaptic membrane contains NMDA-type glutamate receptors but no AMPA-type glutamate receptors. These synapses are named "silent" because normal AMPA receptor-mediated signaling is not present, rendering the synapse inactive under typical... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depolarization | In biology, depolarization or hypopolarization is a change within a cell, during which the cell undergoes a shift in electric charge distribution, resulting in less negative charge inside the cell compared to the outside. Depolarization is essential to the function of many cells, communication between cells, and the o... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department%20of%20Computer%20Science%20and%20Technology%2C%20University%20of%20Cambridge | The Department of Computer Science and Technology, formerly the Computer Laboratory, is the computer science department of the University of Cambridge. it employed 56 faculty members, 45 support staff, 105 research staff, and about 205 research students. The current Head of Department is Professor Ann Copestake.
Hist... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MBD | MBD or MBd may refer to:
Man bites dog (journalism), a shortened version of an aphorism in journalism
Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution, a probability distribution in physics and chemistry
Megabaud (MBd), equal to one million baud, symbol rate in telecommunications
Member Board of Directors
Metabolic bone disease
Me... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wietse%20Venema | Wietse Zweitze Venema (born 1951) is a Dutch programmer and physicist best known for writing the Postfix email system. He also wrote TCP Wrapper and collaborated with Dan Farmer to produce the computer security tools SATAN and The Coroner's Toolkit.
Biography
He studied physics at the University of Groningen, continui... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical%20astrology | Medical astrology (traditionally known as iatromathematics) is an ancient applied branch of astrology based mostly on melothesia (Gr. μελοθεσία), the association of various parts of the body, diseases, and drugs with the nature of the sun, moon, planets, and the twelve astrological signs. The underlying basis for medic... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitro | Nitro may refer to:
Chemistry
Nitrogen, a chemical element and a gas except at very low temperatures, with which many compounds are formed:
Nitro compound, an organic compound containing one or more nitro functional groups, -NO2
Nitroalkene, a functional group combining the functionality of an alkene and nitro group
N... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20number | In quantum physics and chemistry, quantum numbers describe values of conserved quantities in the dynamics of a quantum system. Quantum numbers correspond to eigenvalues of operators that commute with the Hamiltonian—quantities that can be known with precision at the same time as the system's energy—and their correspon... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camellia%20%28cipher%29 | In cryptography, Camellia is a symmetric key block cipher with a block size of 128 bits and key sizes of 128, 192 and 256 bits. It was jointly developed by Mitsubishi Electric and NTT of Japan. The cipher has been approved for use by the ISO/IEC, the European Union's NESSIE project and the Japanese CRYPTREC project. Th... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principal%20quantum%20number | In quantum mechanics, the principal quantum number (symbolized n) is one of four quantum numbers assigned to each electron in an atom to describe that electron's state. Its values are natural numbers (from 1) making it a discrete variable.
Apart from the principal quantum number, the other quantum numbers for bound el... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Wheeler%20%28computer%20scientist%29 | David John Wheeler FRS (9 February 1927 – 13 December 2004) was a computer scientist and professor of computer science at the University of Cambridge.
Education
Wheeler was born in Birmingham, England, the second of the three children of (Agnes) Marjorie, née Gudgeon, and Arthur Wheeler, a press tool maker, engineer,... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Similarity | Similarity may refer to:
In mathematics and computing
Similarity (geometry), the property of sharing the same shape
Matrix similarity, a relation between matrices
Similarity measure, a function that quantifies the similarity of two objects
Cosine similarity, which uses the angle between vectors
String metric, als... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuthal%20quantum%20number | In quantum mechanics, the azimuthal quantum number is a quantum number for an atomic orbital that determines its orbital angular momentum and describes the shape of the orbital. The azimuthal quantum number is the second of a set of quantum numbers that describe the unique quantum state of an electron (the others bein... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seki%20Takakazu | , also known as , was a Japanese mathematician and author of the Edo period.
Seki laid foundations for the subsequent development of Japanese mathematics, known as wasan. He has been described as "Japan's Newton".
He created a new algebraic notation system and, motivated by astronomical computations, did work on infi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheila%20Greibach | Sheila Adele Greibach (born 6 October 1939 in New York City) is a researcher in formal languages in computing, automata, compiler theory and computer science. She is an Emeritus Professor of Computer Science at the University of California, Los Angeles, and notable work include working with Seymour Ginsburg and Michael... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calibration%20curve | In analytical chemistry, a calibration curve, also known as a standard curve, is a general method for determining the concentration of a substance in an unknown sample by comparing the unknown to a set of standard samples of known concentration. A calibration curve is one approach to the problem of instrument calibrati... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clonogenic%20assay | A clonogenic assay is a cell biology technique for studying the effectiveness of specific agents on the survival and proliferation of cells. It is frequently used in cancer research laboratories to determine the effect of drugs or radiation on proliferating tumor cells as well as for titration of Cell-killing Particles... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type%20%28biology%29 | In biology, a type is a particular specimen (or in some cases a group of specimens) of an organism to which the scientific name of that organism is formally associated. In other words, a type is an example that serves to anchor or centralizes the defining features of that particular taxon. In older usage (pre-1900 in b... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyscalculia | Dyscalculia () is a disability resulting in difficulty learning or comprehending arithmetic, such as difficulty in understanding numbers, learning how to manipulate numbers, performing mathematical calculations, and learning facts in mathematics. It is sometimes colloquially referred to as "math dyslexia", though this ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numb | Numb may refer to:
Biology and healthcare
NUMB (gene), a human gene
Numbness, having deficient physical sensation
Numb, having deficient sensation (psychology)
Arts, entertainment, and media
Music
Groups
Numb (band), a Canadian industrial band
Northwestern University Wildcat Marching Band, or NUMB
Albums
Nu... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%27s%20eye | Cat's eye and other variations may refer to:
Nature
Cat's Eye Nebula, a planetary nebula
Biology
Cat's eye, the visual organ of a cat; see cat senses
Cat eye snail (Turbo castanea), or other species from the genus Turbo
Cat's eye snail (Lunella smaragdus), a sea snail endemic to New Zealand
Cat eye syndrome, a s... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schr%C3%B6dinger%27s%20Kittens%20and%20the%20Search%20for%20Reality | Schrödinger's Kittens and the Search for Reality is a 1995 book by John Gribbin, in which the author attempts to explain the mysteries of modern quantum mechanics in a popular-scientific way. It is a sequel to his earlier book, In Search of Schrödinger's Cat (1984).
In his epilogue, Gribbin touches on what were then ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duality%20%28electricity%20and%20magnetism%29 | In physics, the electromagnetic dual concept is based on the idea that, in the static case, electromagnetism has two separate facets: electric fields and magnetic fields. Expressions in one of these will have a directly analogous, or dual, expression in the other. The reason for this can ultimately be traced to speci... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple%20bond | A triple bond in chemistry is a chemical bond between two atoms involving six bonding electrons instead of the usual two in a covalent single bond. Triple bonds are stronger than the equivalent single bonds or double bonds, with a bond order of three. The most common triple bond is in a nitrogen N2 molecule; the second... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Williamson | David Keith Williamson (born 24 February 1942) is an Australian playwright. He has also written screenplays and teleplays.
Early life
David Williamson was born in Melbourne, Victoria, on 24 February 1942, and was brought up in Bairnsdale. He initially studied mechanical engineering at the University of Melbourne fro... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperreal | Hyperreal may refer to:
Hyperreal numbers, an extension of the real numbers in mathematics that are used in non-standard analysis
Hyperreal.org, a rave culture website based in San Francisco, US
Hyperreality, a term used in semiotics and postmodern philosophy
Hyperrealism (visual arts), a school of painting
Hyper... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectral%20graph%20theory | In mathematics, spectral graph theory is the study of the properties of a graph in relationship to the characteristic polynomial, eigenvalues, and eigenvectors of matrices associated with the graph, such as its adjacency matrix or Laplacian matrix.
The adjacency matrix of a simple undirected graph is a real symmetric ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20multivariable%20calculus%20topics | This is a list of multivariable calculus topics. See also multivariable calculus, vector calculus, list of real analysis topics, list of calculus topics.
Closed and exact differential forms
Contact (mathematics)
Contour integral
Contour line
Critical point (mathematics)
Curl (mathematics)
Current (mathematics)
Curvatu... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exothermic%20reaction | In thermochemistry, an exothermic reaction is a "reaction for which the overall standard enthalpy change ΔH⚬ is negative." Exothermic reactions usually release heat. The term is often confused with exergonic reaction, which IUPAC defines as "... a reaction for which the overall standard Gibbs energy change ΔG⚬ is negat... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MSH | MSH may refer to:
Biology and medicine
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone, a hormone produced in the pituitary gland, and related to skin pigmentation
DNA mismatch repair genes:
MSH2
MSH3
MSH4
MSH5
MSH6
Multiple system atrophy
Mycothiol, an unusual thiol that is found in Actinobacteria
Computing
Microsoft Surface Hu... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20Chemistry%20Council | American Chemistry Council (ACC), known as the Manufacturing Chemists' Association at its founding in 1872 then as the Chemical Manufacturers' Association (from 1978 until 2000), is an industry trade association for American chemical companies, based in Washington, D.C.
Activities
The mission of the American Chemistry... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avempace | Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn Yaḥyà ibn aṣ-Ṣā’igh at-Tūjībī ibn Bājja (), best known by his Latinised name Avempace (; – 1138), was an Andalusi polymath, whose writings include works regarding astronomy, physics, and music, as well as philosophy, medicine, botany, and poetry.
He was the author of the Kitāb an-Nabāt ("The Boo... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20mathematical%20topics%20in%20quantum%20theory | This is a list of mathematical topics in quantum theory, by Wikipedia page. See also list of functional analysis topics, list of Lie group topics, list of quantum-mechanical systems with analytical solutions.
Mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics
bra–ket notation
canonical commutation relation
complete set... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equation%20solving | In mathematics, to solve an equation is to find its solutions, which are the values (numbers, functions, sets, etc.) that fulfill the condition stated by the equation, consisting generally of two expressions related by an equals sign. When seeking a solution, one or more variables are designated as unknowns. A solution... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex%20multiplication | In mathematics, complex multiplication (CM) is the theory of elliptic curves E that have an endomorphism ring larger than the integers. Put another way, it contains the theory of elliptic functions with extra symmetries, such as are visible when the period lattice is the Gaussian integer lattice or Eisenstein integer l... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractional%20freezing | Fractional freezing is a process used in process engineering and chemistry to separate substances with different melting points. It can be done by partial melting of a solid, for example in zone refining of silicon or metals, or by partial crystallization of a liquid, as in freeze distillation, also called normal freez... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20mathematical%20topics%20in%20classical%20mechanics | This is a list of mathematical topics in classical mechanics, by Wikipedia page. See also list of variational topics, correspondence principle.
Newtonian physics
Newton's laws of motion
Inertia,
Kinematics, rigid body
Momentum, kinetic energy
Parallelogram of force
Circular motion
Rotational speed
Angular speed
Ang... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20Maryland%20Center%20for%20Environmental%20Science | With 1925 origins as a research station on Solomons Island, the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science (UMCES) is the only scientific research center within the University System of Maryland. In 1973 it became the Center for Environmental and Estuarine Studies and in 1997 it assumed its current name.
... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confusion%20and%20diffusion | In cryptography, confusion and diffusion are two properties of the operation of a secure cipher identified by Claude Shannon in his 1945 classified report A Mathematical Theory of Cryptography. These properties, when present, work together to thwart the application of statistics and other methods of cryptanalysis.
Co... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSF | CSF may refer to:
Biology and medicine
Cerebrospinal fluid, clear colorless bodily fluid found in the brain and spine
Colony-stimulating factor, secreted glycoproteins
Macrophage colony-stimulating factor, "CSF-1"
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, "CSF-2"
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, "CS... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoluminescence | Thermoluminescence is a form of luminescence that is exhibited by certain crystalline materials, such as some minerals, when previously absorbed energy from electromagnetic radiation or other ionizing radiation is re-emitted as light upon heating of the material. The phenomenon is distinct from that of black-body radia... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power%20up | Power up may refer to:
Power-up, a video gaming term
FIRST Power Up, the 2018 FIRST Robotics Competition game
POWER UP, an American nonprofit organization
"Power Up" (song), a 2018 song by Red Velvet from their EP Summer Magic
Power Up (album), 2020 studio album by AC/DC |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartoon%20physics | Cartoon physics or animation physics are terms for a jocular system of laws of physics (and biology) that supersedes the normal laws, used in animation for humorous effect.
Many of the most famous American animated films, particularly those from Warner Bros. and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studios, indirectly developed a rela... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serum | Serum may refer to:
Biology and pharmacology
Serum (blood), plasma from which the clotting proteins have been removed
Antiserum, blood serum with specific antibodies for passive immunity
Serous fluid, any clear bodily fluid
Other uses
Gary Serum (born 1956), American baseball player
Serum, a software synthesizer VST ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lineweaver%E2%80%93Burk%20plot | In biochemistry, the Lineweaver–Burk plot (or double reciprocal plot) is a graphical representation of the Michaelis–Menten equation of enzyme kinetics, described by Hans Lineweaver and Dean Burk in 1934.
The double reciprocal plot distorts the error structure of the data, and is therefore not the most accurate tool f... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leslie%20Orgel | Leslie Eleazer Orgel FRS (12 January 1927 – 27 October 2007) was a British chemist. He is known for his theories on the origin of life.
Biography
Leslie Orgel was born in London, England, on . He received his Bachelor of Arts degree in chemistry with first-class honours from the University of Oxford in 1948. In 1951 h... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91-Aminobutyric%20acid | α-Aminobutyric acid (AABA), also known as homoalanine in biochemistry, is a non-proteinogenic alpha amino acid with chemical formula C4H9NO2. The straight two carbon side chain is one carbon longer than alanine, hence the prefix homo-.
Homoalanine is biosynthesised by transaminating oxobutyrate, a metabolite in isoleu... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20Giessen | University of Giessen, official name Justus Liebig University Giessen (), is a large public research university in Giessen, Hesse, Germany. It is one of the oldest institutions of higher education in the German-speaking world. It is named after its most famous faculty member, Justus von Liebig, the founder of modern ag... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirror%20matter | In physics, mirror matter, also called shadow matter or Alice matter, is a hypothetical counterpart to ordinary matter.
Overview
Modern physics deals with three basic types of spatial symmetry: reflection, rotation, and translation. The known elementary particles respect rotation and translation symmetry but do not re... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reduced%20ring | In ring theory, a branch of mathematics, a ring is called a reduced ring if it has no non-zero nilpotent elements. Equivalently, a ring is reduced if it has no non-zero elements with square zero, that is, x2 = 0 implies x = 0. A commutative algebra over a commutative ring is called a reduced algebra if its underlying ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1953%20in%20science | The year 1953 involved numerous significant events in science and technology, including the first description of the DNA double helix, the discovery of neutrinos, and the release of the first polio vaccine.
Biology
April 25 – Francis Crick and James D. Watson of U.K. Medical Research Council's Unit for Research on t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product%20%28chemistry%29 | Products are the species formed from chemical reactions. During a chemical reaction, reactants are transformed into products after passing through a high energy transition state. This process results in the consumption of the reactants. It can be a spontaneous reaction or mediated by catalysts which lower the energy of... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subobject | In category theory, a branch of mathematics, a subobject is, roughly speaking, an object that sits inside another object in the same category. The notion is a generalization of concepts such as subsets from set theory, subgroups from group theory, and subspaces from topology. Since the detailed structure of objects i... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Winters | Robert Henry Winters, (August 18, 1910 – October 10, 1969) was a Canadian politician, and businessman.
Life and career
Born in Lunenburg, Nova Scotia, the son of a fishing captain, Winters went to Mount Allison University in New Brunswick, and then to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to complete his degree i... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley%20Lower%20Extremity%20Exoskeleton | The Berkeley Lower Extremity Exoskeleton (BLEEX) is a robotic device that attaches to the lower body. Its purpose is to complement the user's strength by adding extra force to the user's lower extremity bodily movements. The BLEEX was funded by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), and developed by the... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frattini%20subgroup | In mathematics, particularly in group theory, the Frattini subgroup of a group is the intersection of all maximal subgroups of . For the case that has no maximal subgroups, for example the trivial group {e} or a Prüfer group, it is defined by . It is analogous to the Jacobson radical in the theory of rings, and intu... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poincar%C3%A9%20duality | In mathematics, the Poincaré duality theorem, named after Henri Poincaré, is a basic result on the structure of the homology and cohomology groups of manifolds. It states that if M is an n-dimensional oriented closed manifold (compact and without boundary), then the kth cohomology group of M is isomorphic to the th ho... |
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