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Pancha Tattva (Devanagari: पञ्चतत्त्व; IAST: pañca-tattva, from Sanskrit pañca meaning "five" and tattva "truth" or "reality") in the Gaudiya Vaishnava tradition of Hinduism refers specifically to the Five aspects of God or Absolute Truth.
Background
In Gaudiya Vaishnavism, these five features of God (Krishna) are believed to have incarnated on Earth as five people in the late 15th century: Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, Nityananda, Advaita Acharya, Gadadhara Pandit and Srivasa Thakur. They famously spread the Krishna mantra and the practise of devotion (bhakti) towards Krishna throughout India.
The Five Features
Śrī Caitanya Mahāprabhu is Kṛṣṇa Himself (Svayam Bhagavan).
Śrī Nityānānda Rāma Prabhu is Kṛṣṇa's first personal expansion with the combined power of Balarama.
Śrī Advaita Ācārya is the combined power of Śri Viṣṇu & Śri Śiva (Harihara).
Śrī Śrīvāsa Thakura is Kṛṣṇa's pure devotee and symbolizes devotion (Bhakti).
Śrī Gadadhāra Pandita is the combined power of Kṛṣṇa's internal energy (Śakti).
Pancha Tattva mantra
Within the Gaudiya tradition, a mantra formed from the names of the five members of the Pancha Tattva is often spoken or sung as a means of devotional worship, or japa. Often, this mantra is sung or chanted prior to the Krishna mantra. It is believed by followers to be the most merciful mantra available in this age of Kali.
śrī-kṛṣṇa-caitanya prabhu-nityānanda,
śrī-advaita gadādhara śrīvāsādi-gaura-bhakta-vṛnda
An alternative version features another name for Chaitanya, "Gauranga":
śrī-gaurāṅga nityānānda, śrī-advaita-candra,
gadādhara śrīvāsādi-gaura-bhakta-vṛnda
See also
Bhakti Yoga
Chaitanya Charitamrita
Panchatattva (Tantra)
Six Goswamis of Vrindavan
Vaishnava
References
Rosen, Steven J. Sri Pancha Tattva: The Five Features of God 1994 Folk Books, New York
Gaudiya religious leaders
Medieval Hindu religious leaders
Indian Hindu spiritual teachers
Vaishnavism
Bengali Hindus
People from West Bengal
16th-century Indian people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancha%20Tattva%20%28Vaishnavism%29 |
Six athletes from Trinidad and Tobago competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea. Three track and field athletes, two cyclists and one swimmer represented the Caribbean nation.
Competitors
The following is the list of number of competitors in the Games.
Athletics
Patrick Delice
Ian Morris
Angela Williams
Cycling
Two cyclists represented Trinidad and Tobago in 1988.
Men's sprint
Maxwell Cheeseman
Men's 1 km time trial
Gene Samuel
Men's points race
Gene Samuel
Swimming
Women's 50m Freestyle
Karen Dieffenthaler
Heat – 27.27 (→ did not advance, 28th place)
Women's 100m Freestyle
Karen Dieffenthaler
Heat – 58.64 (→ did not advance, 35th place)
Women's 200m Freestyle
Karen Dieffenthaler
Heat – 2:07.09 (→ did not advance, 31st place)
References
External links
Official Olympic Reports
International Olympic Committee results database
Nations at the 1988 Summer Olympics
1988
Summer Olympics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinidad%20and%20Tobago%20at%20the%201988%20Summer%20Olympics |
The Waterpoort or Hoogendster Pijp is a water gate, a gate in a defensive wall that connects a city to a waterway. It is situated in Sneek, the Netherlands.
In the 15th and 16th century, a defensive wall had been built around Sneek. The city lay on the important trade route between Leeuwarden and Stavoren, from which the rich western parts of the Netherlands (now North Holland and South Holland) could be reached. To facilitate this trade, a new harbour called the "Kolk" was built to the southwest of the city and in 1613 the Waterpoort was erected to connect city and harbour. It formed part of the city walls, but when large parts of these were demolished in the early 18th century, it was decided to leave the Waterpoort intact.
The style of the gate, now the symbol of Sneek, can be described as Manierist. It is unclear who designed it, but names suggested include those of Thomas Berentsz. and Jacob Lous. Above the gate itself, which originally would have had wooden fences, is a loggia (gallery) and above that are what were the quarters of the gatekeeper. On each side is an octagonal tower.
It is listed as a Rijksmonument, number 34075.
See also
Brama Młyńska (Mill Gate), another surviving medieval watergate.
References
Stenvert, R. et al. (2000). Monumenten in Nederland: Fryslân, p. 277, 281. Zwolle: Waanders Uitgevers. .
External links
Rijksmonuments in Friesland
Sneek
Gates in the Netherlands | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterpoort |
Over the James is the fourth studio album by punk rock band Avail. It was released in 1998 on Lookout! Records. The album was re-released in 2006 by Jade Tree Records. The re-release contains the songs from Avail's split record with the (Young) Pioneers, as well as two tracks recorded for compilations.
Reception and legacy
Brian Raftery of AllMusic gave Over the James a three star review praising cuts like "Sanctuary 13" and "August" but noting the band's stagnation. Zach Baron of Pitchfork gave the album 7.7 out of 10 praising the album's production, stating: "slicker, slower, longer-- epic, sorta pretentious-- but also the apotheosis of their sound, more or less: All chorus, all the time".
In May 2019, Decibel inducted Over the James into their Hall of Fame, calling it a melodic hardcore classic that was popular among emo and metal fans alike.
Track listing
All tracks by Avail.
2006 Re-Release Bonus Tracks
<li> "Lombardy Street (Acoustic)"
<li> "You May Be Right" (Billy Joel Cover)
<li> "Suspicious Minds" (Elvis Presley Cover)
<li> "Said Gun" (Embrace Cover)
Personnel
Tim Barry - lead vocals
Beau Beau Butler - backing vocals
Joe Banks - guitars
Justin "Gwomper" Burdick - bass
Erik Larson - drums
References
Avail albums
1998 albums
Lookout! Records albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Over%20the%20James |
Trinidad and Tobago competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, United States. Sixteen competitors, eleven men and five women, took part in fourteen events in five sports.
Athletics
Men's 100 metres
Hasely Crawford
Heat — 10.48q (Heat 1, 4th place)
Quarterfinals — 10.56 (QF 1, 4th place→ did not advance)
Men's 400 metres
Michael Paul
Heat — 46.18
Quarterfinals — 45.84
Semifinals — 45.60 (→ did not advance)
Anton Skerritt
Heat — 46.30
Quarterfinals — 46.93 (→ did not advance)
Ali St. Louis
Heat — did not finish (→ did not advance)
Men's 4×400 metres Relay
Anton Skerritt, Michael Puckerin, Derek Archer, and Michael Paul
Women's 100 metres
Gillian Forde
Angela Williams
Women's 200 metres
Angela Williams
Women's 400 metres
Gail Emmanuel
Women's 4×100 metres Relay
Janice Bernard, Gillian Forde, Esther Hope-Washington, and Angela Williams
Boxing
Men's Featherweight
Nirmal Lorick
Men's Light-Heavyweight
Don Smith
Cycling
One cyclist represented Trinidad and Tobago in 1984.
Sprint
Gene Samuel
1000m time trial
Gene Samuel
Sailing
Mixed One Person Dinghy
Jean-Marc Holder
Swimming
Men's 100m Breaststroke
Paul Newallo
Heat — 1:06.12 (→ did not advance, 28th place)
Men's 200m Breaststroke
Paul Newallo
Heat — 2:28.88 (→ did not advance, 32nd place)
References
External links
Official Olympic Reports
International Olympic Committee results database
Nations at the 1984 Summer Olympics
1984
Summer Olympics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinidad%20and%20Tobago%20at%20the%201984%20Summer%20Olympics |
The Sugar Bowl Stakes is an American race for Thoroughbred horses run near Christmas at the Fair Grounds Race Course in New Orleans, Louisiana. Set at a distance of six furlongs on the dirt for two-year-olds, the Sugar Bowl currently offers a purse of $100,000.
Although it is an ungraded event, it is still considered a prep to the Kentucky Derby, albeit a minor one.
Past winners
2017 - Land Battle (Jose Valdivia, Jr.)
2016 - Proforma (Florent Geroux)
2015 - Taylors Angiel (Roberto Morales)
2014 - Cinco Charlie (Robby Albarado)
2013 - Alabano
2012 - Tour Guide
2011 - Exfactor
2010 - Archarcharch
2009 - Cool Bullet
2008 - Ask Joe (Miguel Mena)
2007 - Sok Sok (Shaun Bridgmohan)
2006 - Teuflesberg (Robby Albarado) (run on Christmas Eve)
2005 - Catonight
2004 - Storm Surge
2003 - Wildcat Shoes
2002 - Saintly Look
2001 - Mapp Hill
2000 - Wild Hits
1999 - Littlexpectations
1998 - Show Me The Stage (Filly)
1997 - Hailley's Prince
1996 - Gold Case
1995 - Valid Expectations
1994 - Timeless Honor
1993 - NO RACE
1992 - Tonkas Mean Streak
1991 - Ecstatic Ride
1990 - Big Courage
1989 - Jamie Boy
1988 - Nooo Problema
1987 - Dee Dee Lance
1986 - Stage Door Avie
1985 - Dr. Bee Jay
1984 - Exclusive Pond
1983 - Triple Sec
1982 - Explosive Wagon
1981 - El Baba (multiple stakes winner, undefeated in 5 races at 2, and in his first 7 races.)
1980 - Top Avenger (multiple stakes winner, holds fastest fractions ever run in the Kentucky Derby, 1981)
1979 - Real Emperor
1978 - Clever Trick
1977 - Cabrini Green (defeated John Henry three times)
1976 - Clever Tell
1975 - Go East Young Man
1974 - Rustic Ruler
1973 - Crimson Ruler
1972 - Rocket Pocket
1971 - No Le Hace (Grade I stakes winner)
1970 - Alhambra Gal (filly)
1969 - Oplayboy
1968 - Six Mark
1967 - Ranch to Market
1966 - Tom's Favor
1965 - Imam
1964 - Bay Phantom
1963 - Grecian Princess (filly)
1962 - Blaze Starr
1961 - Fortunate Isle (filly)
1960 - Market Road
1959 - Road House
1958 - Namon
1957 - Pemberton
1956 - Shan Pac
1955 - Reaping Right
1954 - Speed Rouser
1953 - Fast Charger
1951 - Gushing Oil
1950 - Bugledrums
References
External links
Fair Grounds Race Course
Ungraded stakes races in the United States
Horse races in New Orleans
Horse racing
Recurring sporting events established in 1950
1950 establishments in Louisiana | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar%20Bowl%20Stakes |
Patnos (Armenian: Բադնոց, Latin transliteration: Badnoc‘ or Patnoc‘, Kurdish: Panos) is a city of Ağrı Province of Turkey on a plain surrounded by high mountains including Süphan, watered by tributaries of the Murat River. It is 82 km south of the city of Ağrı on the road to Van. It is the seat of Patnos District. Its population is 61,837 (2021). The mayor is Emrah Kılıç (HDP).
The plain has been settled since at least 1300BC and this was a centre of the Urartu civilisation. The city has many historical ruins from Urartian period.
References
Populated places in Ağrı Province
Kurdish settlements in Turkey
Important Bird Areas of Turkey
District municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patnos |
The Phenix City Story is a 1955 American film noir crime film directed by Phil Karlson for Allied Artists, written by Daniel Mainwaring and Crane Wilbur and starring John McIntire, Richard Kiley, and Kathryn Grant. It had an unusual "triple premiere" held on July 19, 1955 in Phenix City, Alabama, Columbus, Georgia, and Chicago, Illinois (the AFI incorrectly lists the date as July 9).
Plot
In a corrupt Alabama town near the Army's Fort Benning, the law can do little to stop the criminal activities of Rhett Tanner, particularly in the wide-open "red-light district" area known for prostitution, taverns, and crooked gambling. Most of the police do not even try, since they are on Tanner's payroll.
Local attorney Albert "Pat" Patterson, initially neutral and complacent, is urged to run for State Attorney General and clean up Phenix City, but he wants no part of a thankless, impossible job. He is content to welcome home his son John from military service. However, soon violence breaks out trying to silence the reform-minded citizens committee. John gets caught in the middle when Clem Wilson, a thug who works for Tanner, and others assault innocent citizens.
Patterson finally agrees to get involved in reforming the town, but as soon as he wins the Democratic nomination for state attorney general, he is killed. It is up to John to avenge his father, but his own family ends up at risk.
Cast
Production
The film depicts the real-life 1954 assassination of Albert Patterson, who had just been nominated as the Democratic candidate for Alabama Attorney General on a platform of cleaning up Phenix City, a city controlled by organized crime. Patterson was murdered in Phenix City, and the subsequent outcry resulted in the imposition of martial law by the state government. Some prints of the film include a 13-minute newsreel-style preface including newsman Clete Roberts interviewing many of the actual participants.
Reception
Critical response
When the film was released in 1955, Bosley Crowther, film critic for The New York Times, gave it a positive review, writing, "In a style of dramatic documentation that is as sharp and sure as was that of On the Waterfront--or, for a more appropriate comparison, that of the memorable All the King's Men--scriptwriters Crane Wilbur and Dan Mainwaring and director Phil Karlson expose the raw tissue of corruption and terrorism in an American city that is steeped in vice. They catch in slashing, searching glimpses the shrewd chicanery of evil men, the callousness and baseness of their puppets and the dread and silence of local citizens. And, through a series of excellent performances, topped by that of John McIntyre as the eventually martyred crusader, they show the sinew and the bone of those who strive for decent things."
Film critic Bruce Eder wrote, "One of the most violent and realistic crime films of the 1950s, The Phenix City Story pulses with the bracing energy of actual life captured on the screen in its establishing shots and key scenes, and punctuates that background with explosively filmed action scenes. Director Phil Karlson showed just how good he was at merging well-told screen drama with vivid verisimilitude and leaving no seams to show where they joined. Filmed on location in Alabama with a documentary-like look, the movie captured the ambiance and tenor of its Deep South setting better than almost any other fact-based movie of its era."
Accuracy
Ray Jenkins, one of the two reporters who covered the Phenix City story for the Columbus Ledger, whose coverage won the 1955 Pulitzer Prize for Meritorious Public Service, has contended that the film departed significantly from reality. Jenkins writes, "For starters, the film was a rush job intended to capture public interest while the story was still unfolding. As a result, the film leaves the impression that the local mafia that ran the vice industry in Phenix City killed Albert Patterson. Subsequent indictments and trials demonstrated beyond doubt that the assassination was politically motivated. Also, the film depicts an inflammatory scene in which the mob kills a young black girl and tosses the body onto the lawn of the Patterson home as a warning. Nothing remotely like this episode actually happened."
Legacy
In 2019, the film was selected by the Library of Congress for preservation in the National Film Registry for being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".
In other media
It was also featured in the 1995 documentary film A Personal Journey with Martin Scorsese Through American Movies.
DVD release
Warner Bros. released the film on DVD on July 13, 2010, in its Film Noir Classic Collection, Vol. 5.
See also
List of American films of 1955
Culture of Alabama
Culture of Georgia
References
External links
(John Patterson's speech)
Scorsese Curates: The Phenix City Story on The Daily Beast
1955 films
1950s crime thriller films
American black-and-white films
American crime thriller films
Crime films based on actual events
1950s English-language films
Film noir
Films about elections
Films directed by Phil Karlson
Films produced by Samuel Bischoff
Films scored by Harry Sukman
Films set in Alabama
Films set in 1954
Russell County, Alabama
United States National Film Registry films
1950s American films
Films set in the 1950s
Films about racism | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Phenix%20City%20Story |
Athletes from Trinidad and Tobago competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, USSR.
Results by event
Men's 100 metres
Christopher Brathwaite
Heat – 10.44
Quarterfinals – 10.37
Semifinals – 10.54 (did not advance)
Hasely Crawford
Heat – 10.42
Quarterfinals – 10.28 (did not advance)
Men's 4x400 metres Relay
Joseph Coombs, Charles Joseph, Rafer Mohammed, and Mike Solomon
Heat – 3:04.3
Final – 3:06.6 (6th place)
References
Official Olympic Reports
International Olympic Committee results database
Nations at the 1980 Summer Olympics
1980
Summer Olympics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinidad%20and%20Tobago%20at%20the%201980%20Summer%20Olympics |
Pazarcık is a municipality and district of Kahramanmaraş Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,253 km2, and its population is 70,173 (2022). It is in the southeastern part of the province. The mayor İbrahim Yılmazcan from the Justice and Development Party (AKP) was elected in the local elections 2019. Kaymakam of the district is Muhammed Kaya, appointed in 2023. The cement plant is a major source of greenhouse gas. The town includes Abdals of the Kara Hüseyinler tribe.
On 6 February 2023, a magnitude 7.8 earthquake struck Pazarcik.
Composition
There are 84 neighbourhoods in Pazarcık District:
15 Temmuz
Ahmet Bozdağ
Akçakoyunlu
Akçalar
Akdemir
Armutlu
Aşağımülk
Bağdınısağır
Beşçeşme
Bölükçam
Büyüknacar Fatih
Büyüknacar Kocadere
Büyüknacar Merkez
Çamlıca
Çamlıtepe
Cengiz Topel
Çiçek
Çiçekalanı
Çiğdemtepe
Cimikanlı
Çöçelli
Damlataş
Dedepaşa
Eğlen
Eğrice
Emiroğlu
Evri Pınarbaşı
Evri Taşbiçme
Fatih
Ganidağıketiler
Göçer
Göynük
Hanobası
Harmancık
Hasankoca
Hürriyet
İncirli
Kadıncık
Karaağaç
Karabıyıklı
Karaçay
Karagöl
Karahüyük
Keleş
Kizirli
Kızkapanlı
Kuzeykent
Mehmet Emin Arıkoğlu
Memiş Özdal
Memişkahya
Menderes
Mezraa
Musolar
Narlı Bahçelievler
Narlı Cumhuriyet
Narlı İsmetpaşa
Nefsidoğanlı
Ördekdede
Osmandede
Sadakalar
Şahintepe
Sakarkaya
Sallıuşağı
Salmanıpak
Salmanlı
Sarıerik
Sarıl
Şehit Nurettin Ademoğlu
Soku
Sultanlar
Taşdemir
Tetirlik
Tilkiler
Turunçlu
Ufacıklı
Ulubahçe
Yarbaşı
Yeşilkent
Yiğitler
Yolboyu
Yukarıhöcüklü
Yukarımülk
Yumaklıcerit Bağlar
Yumaklıcerit Cumhuriyet
Notable natives
Ferruh Bozbeyli (1927–2019), Turkish politician.
Hasan Yükselir (1955–), Turkish singer and composer.
Dilber Ay (1956–2019), Turkish singer.
KC Rebell (1988–), German rapper of Kurdish origin.
Ahmet Aksu (1887–1954), Turkish politician
References
External links
District governor's official website
District municipality's official website
Populated places in Kahramanmaraş Province
Districts of Kahramanmaraş Province
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pazarc%C4%B1k |
Karl Moriz Diesing (also written as Carl Moritz Diesing; 16 June 1800 – 10 January 1867) was an Austrian naturalist and zoologist, specializing in the study of helminthology.
Biography
Diesing was born on 16 June 1800 in Kraków. He studied medicine at the University of Vienna, earning his doctorate in 1826. Afterwards, he served as an assistant to botanist Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin, later working as an intern at the Hof-Naturalien-Cabinet (from 1829). In 1836, he became a curator of the zoological collections.
In the late 1840s, he began to suffer from serious eye problems, and shortly afterwards experienced permanent blindness.
His principal works include Systema Helminthum (2 vols., 1850–1851), and Revision der Nematoden (1861).
In his paper "Versuch einer monographie der Gattung Pentastoma" (Ann. Wien Mus. Naturges. 1836, 1–32), he was the first to establish the distinct nature of the Pentastomida, placing them in a new group which he called Acanthotheca.
The genera Diesingia and Diesingiella are named after him.
He died on 10 January 1867 in Vienna.
References
External links
IPNI List of plants described.
1800 births
1867 deaths
Austrian naturalists
Austrian zoologists
Scientists from Kraków
Polish emigrants to Austria | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl%20Moriz%20Diesing |
In computing, Bounce Address Tag Validation (BATV) is a method, defined in an Internet Draft, for determining whether the bounce address specified in an E-mail message is valid. It is designed to reject backscatter, that is, bounce messages to forged return addresses.
Overview
The basic idea is to send all e-mail with a return address that includes a timestamp and a cryptographic token that cannot be forged. Any e-mail that is returned as a bounce without a valid signature can then be rejected. E-mail that is being bounced back should have an empty (null) return address so that bounces are never created for a bounce and therefore preventing messages from bouncing back and forth forever.
BATV replaces an envelope sender like mailbox@example.com with prvs=tag-value=mailbox@example.com, where prvs, called "Simple Private Signature", is just one of the possible tagging schemes; actually, the only one fully specified in the draft. The BATV draft gives a framework that other possible techniques can fit into. Other types of implementations, such as using public key signatures that can be verified by third parties, are mentioned but left undefined. The overall framework is vague/flexible enough that similar systems such as Sender Rewriting Scheme can fit into this framework.
History
Sami Farin proposed an Anti-Bogus Bounce System in 2003 in news.admin.net-abuse.email, which used the same basic idea of putting a hard to forge hash in a message's bounce address.
In late 2004, Goodman et al. proposed a much more complex "Signed Envelope Sender" that included a hash of the message body and was intended to address a wide variety of forgery threats, including bounces from forged mail. Several months later, Levine and Crocker proposed BATV under its current name and close to its current form.
Problems
The draft anticipates some problems running BATV.
Some mailing lists managers (e.g. ezmlm) still key on the bounce address, and will not recognize it after BATV mangling.
Greylisting requires BATV implementations to keep the same tag across retransmissions for a reasonable time. This may also cause each e-mail to be delayed unless the greylisting system ignores the tag, or whitelists sending hosts that successfully retry.
Challenge-response spam filtering and systems that sort mail based on the bounce address (e.g. for removing duplicates) may work less smoothly with BATV-tagged addresses.
There are also problems that prevent BATV systems from eliminating all backscatter.
Some legitimate e-mail gets sent with empty return address that is not a bounce and therefore will not have the special tokens. For example, the Delivery Status Notification extension defined in requires a null return path when sending email with a "NOTIFY=NEVER" option to a non-conforming server.
Some e-mail bounces (incorrectly) get sent not to the return address, but to the e-mail address on the From: header.
Some mail systems that implement Callback verification use "postmaster" instead of the null return address.
See also
Sender Policy Framework (SPF)
Sender Rewriting Scheme (SRS)
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
Variable envelope return path (VERP)
References
External links
BATV draft
BATV web page
Greylisting and BATV Implementation of BATV (with a BATV tester) for qmail / netqmail
Email authentication | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bounce%20Address%20Tag%20Validation |
Pazarlar is a town in Kütahya Province in the Aegean region of Turkey. It is the seat of Pazarlar District. Its population is 3,012 (2022).
References
Populated places in Kütahya Province
Pazarlar District
District municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pazarlar |
Pazaryeri, (formerly Ermenı Derbent; , also Ermenı Pazarcık; and simply as Pazarcık) is a town in Bilecik Province in the Marmara region of Turkey. It is the seat of Pazaryeri District. Its population is 6,243 (2021). The district has several small lakes, as well as a number of buildings in traditional Ottoman style. The mayor is Zekiye Tekin. Pazaryeri is one of the most important hop producers in Turkey. The town has famous local dishes like helva and boza.
History
Several ancient Greek votives and inscriptions dedicated to Zeus Bronton and Apollon Phoibos have been found near the town, where he was heavily worshipped and a cult of them was present. A common cult of two gods was rare in the ancient world. There were several temples dedicated to them. Heracles was also worshipped there. Names of the priests in the temples include: Trophimas, Aleksandros, Asklepiodotos, Askles, Marcus, Sextus and Sosigenos. The cult and the temples remained active until, at least, the 2nd century AD. A Greek metrical epitaph and a bust of a deceased 12-year-old boy called Roufeinos was also discovered in the city. An inscription dedicated to Demeter, one of only two surviving in the administrative district of Iznik (ancient Nicaea), was also found near the city. In Hellenistic times, the city was located in the border of the Kingdom of Bithynia, separating it from Phrygia.
In Byzantine times, the city was known as Armenokastron (; ). Although the name implies it, there is no record of Armenians living in the city. Armenokastron was one of the most important cities of the Bithynia theme. In the first half of the 12th century, it was captured by the Seljuks, but it was recaptured by the Byzantines during the Second Crusade, subsequently marking the limit of Byzantine hegemony in the East. The modern town was built on this Byzantine settlement, or somewhere near. In Ottoman times, a military road between the city of Iznik and Pazaryeri was built, probably in the beginning of the 16th century. This road probably ran via Köprühisar and Yarhisar towards Pazaryeri.
During the Turkish War of Independence Pazaryeri was completely destroyed by burning by the Greek Army during its advance inland in July 1921. However it suffered atrocities months before its complete destruction. A report of the Western Front Command of the Turkish Army dating 16 February 1921 stated that 24 people were murdered inside the town centre while 16 sheep and 10 goats were also among the casualties. On the 15th of April the 1st Infantry Division Command of the Turkish Army reported that 102 inhabitants were taken prisoners while 4 killed, 6 wounded and a woman raped by the Greek Army. During the burning, Turkish elderly inhabitants who could not flee the town were killed. Second-Lieutenant Pantelis Priniotakis describes the events on his diary dating to 13th of July 1921 with the following words:
The official result was that 644 buildings, the entire town was destroyed by the Greek Army.
References
Populated places in Bilecik Province
Pazaryeri District
District municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pazaryeri |
Pazaryolu is a municipality and district of Erzurum Province, Turkey. Its area is 654 km2, and its population is 3,803 (2022). The mayor is İbrahim Şahin (AKP).
Composition
There are 44 neighbourhoods in Pazaryolu District:
21 Haziran
Akbulut
Alıçlı
Ambaralan
Ayçukuru
Bayındır
Burçaklı
Büyükdere
Çatakbahçe
Çaydere
Cenetpınarı
Cevizlidere
Çiftepınar
Deliktaş
Demirgöze
Dikmetaş
Esenyurt
Gölyanı
Göztepe
Gülçimen
Güneysu
Hacılar
Karakoç
Karataş
Kılıççı
Konakyeri
Korkutköy
Köşeyolu
Kozlu
Kumaşkaya
Kümbettepe
Kuymaklı
Laleli
Merkez
Meşebaşı
Pamukludağ
Sadaka
Şehitlik
Sergenkaya
Süleymanbağı
Yaylalı
Yaylaözü
Yeni
Yiğitbaşı
References
Populated places in Erzurum Province
Districts of Erzurum Province
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pazaryolu |
Robert Bratkowski (born December 2, 1955) is a former American football coach. He is the son of former NFL quarterback Zeke Bratkowski. Bratkowski played his college football for Washington State, as a wide receiver from 1975 to 1977.
College assistant coach
Bratkowski began his coaching career in 1978 at Missouri. He became an offensive coordinator at Weber State in the Big Sky Conference under first-year head coach Mike Price in 1981. Bratkowski moved up to Division I-A in 1986 under head coach Dennis Erickson at Wyoming, and followed him to Washington State in 1987 and Miami in 1989.
1986 at Wyoming: Three Cowboy QBs combined to throw for 3,481 yards with 30 TD vs 21 INT.
1987 at Washington State: The Cougars had 1,644 yards rushing and scored 14 touchdowns on the ground.
1988 at Washington State: QB Timm Rosenbach threw for 3,097 yards with 24 TD and 11 INT. The Cougar ground game added 2,757 yards rushing and 29 touchdowns.
1989 at Miami: The Hurricane offense averaged 417 yards and 35 points per game and won the National Championship.
1990 at Miami: The Hurricane offense averaged 444 yards and 37 points per game.
1991 at Miami: The Hurricane offense averaged 405 yards and 32 points per game and won the National Championship.
NFL assistant coach
Bratkowski moved to the NFL in 1992 with the Seattle Seahawks. After three seasons under head coach Tom Flores, he was promoted to offensive coordinator in 1995 by new head coach Dennis Erickson. When Erickson was fired following the 1998 season, Bratkowski became an assistant coach with the Pittsburgh Steelers.
In 2001, Bratkowski was offered the job of offensive coordinator with the Cincinnati Bengals, a position he held for a decade until January 31, 2011, when he was terminated from the Cincinnati Bengals as reported by ESPN news.
He coached the quarterbacks for the Atlanta Falcons in 2011, and became the offensive coordinator of the Jacksonville Jaguars in 2012, under first-year head coach Mike Mularkey.
Prior to the 2014 season, the Cincinnati Bengals re-hired Bob Bratkowski as an offensive assistant.
In 2016, new Tennessee Titans head coach Mike Mularkey coaxed Bratkowski out of retirement to coach wide receivers for the Titans.
Bratkowski went back to retirement at the end of the 2017 season after Mularkey and the Titans mutually agreed to part ways.
Personal life
Bob and his wife, Rebecca, have two children — son Shane and daughter Courtney.
References
1955 births
Living people
American football wide receivers
Atlanta Falcons coaches
Cincinnati Bengals coaches
Coaches of American football from Texas
Jacksonville Jaguars coaches
Miami Hurricanes football coaches
Missouri Tigers football coaches
National Football League offensive coordinators
Sportspeople from San Angelo, Texas
Pittsburgh Steelers coaches
Players of American football from Texas
Seattle Seahawks coaches
Tennessee Titans coaches
Washington State Cougars football coaches
Washington State Cougars football players
Weber State Wildcats football coaches
Wyoming Cowboys football coaches | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob%20Bratkowski |
Stanford Training Area (STANTA), originally known as Stanford Battle Area, is a British Army training area situated in the English county of Norfolk. The area is approximately in size; it is some north of the town of Thetford and south-west of the city of Norwich. The site is run by the Mission Ready Training Centre (MRTC).
History
The area was originally established in 1942 when a battle training area was required and a 'Nazi village' established. Military exercises were already known in the area; tanks had deployed to Thetford in the First World War. The complete takeover involved the evacuation of the villages of Buckenham Tofts, Langford, Stanford, Sturston, Tottington and West Tofts.
The area was used during the run-up to the D-Day invasion and since then has hosted many exercises. In 2009 a village designed to replicate its Afghan equivalent was added to the Battle Area for the training of troops deployed in support of the War in Afghanistan. The site, built at a cost of £14 million, is state of the art and populated by Afghan nationals, ex-Gurkha soldiers and amputee actors, who simulate the Afghan National Army, locals and wounded soldiers. The village includes houses, a market and a mosque. It also features a system that pumps out smells like rotten meat and sewage.
The facilities
The battle area includes four historic churches; the one at West Tofts was restored by Pugin and a new church building forms part of the purpose-built village of Eastmere. Eastmere was originally built to give soldiers experience of fighting on the northern European plains. There is a short landing strip at
As a live firing area, access is not allowed without special permission from the Army. In the main this is limited to a number of tours a year and compassionate grounds for former residents of the villages or their relatives.
The area forms part of the distinctive Breckland landscape region, a gorse-covered sandy heath which offers poor agricultural opportunities. Arguably, its use as a military training area has safeguarded a substantial archaeological landscape. Like many other military or restricted access areas in the UK such as Bovington Camp, the buffer area around Porton Down, and MOD areas on Salisbury Plain, it is the home of a wealth of rare species of flora and fauna already lost in other parts of the country. Parts of the training area are designated Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI).
The battle area was used in the filming of many of the episodes of the comedy series Dad's Army.
References
Sources
Ordnance Survey (1999). OS Explorer Map 229 - Thetford in the Brecks. .
NorfolkChurches.co.uk. "Norfolk battle training area churches". Retrieved February 17, 2006.
Telegraph. An Afghan village has been built by the Ministry of Defence in Thetford, Norfolk. Retrieved May 12, 2009.
External links
See also BBC WW2 Peoples War site Breckland Exodus-The Forced Evacuation of the Norfolk Battle Area 1942 Part 1
See also BBC WW2 Peoples War site Breckland Exodus-The Forced Evacuation of the Norfolk Battle Area 1942 Part 2 by Conal O'Donnell
Violets for Vera-the death of West Tofts School 1942 by Conal O'Donnell
Touring the Stanta ghost villages
Google Earth view
Training establishments of the British Army
Geography of Norfolk
Military in Norfolk
Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Norfolk
Military training areas in the United Kingdom | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford%20Training%20Area |
Natural Bridge State Resort Park is a Kentucky state park located in Powell and Wolfe Counties along the Middle Fork of the Red River, adjacent to the Red River Gorge Geologic Area and surrounded by the Daniel Boone National Forest. Its namesake natural bridge is the centerpiece of the park. The natural sandstone arch spans and is high. The natural process of weathering formed the arch over millions of years. The park is approximately of which approximately is dedicated by the Office of Kentucky Nature Preserves as a nature preserve. In 1981 this land was dedicated into the nature preserves system to protect the ecological communities and rare species habitat. The first federally endangered Virginia big eared bats, Corynorhinus townsendii virginianus, recorded in Kentucky were found at Natural Bridge State Resort Park in the 1950s.
History and trails
The park was founded as a private tourist attraction in 1895 by the Lexington and Eastern Railroad. In 1910, Louisville and Nashville Railroad acquired the land when it purchased the Lexington and Eastern Railroad. In 1926, L&N's President Wible L. Mapother turned over its approximately 137 acres to the Kentucky State Park Commission, making the Park one of Kentucky's original four state parks when that system was established the same year. There are over of trails over uneven terrain from moderate to strenuous difficulty, including trails to White's Branch Arch, Henson's Cave Arch, and other scenic areas. Some of the most famous sites are the arch itself, "Lovers Leap", and "Fat Man's Squeeze". The park's "Original Trail" to the natural bridge dates from the 1890s. Other trails include the Sand Gap Trail and the Balanced Rock Trail. Five miles (8 km) of the Sheltowee Trace National Recreation Trail run through the park, including the Whittleton Trail which connects the park to the Red River Gorge Geologic Area. Activities such as hiking off-trails, disturbing wildlife, or collecting plants are not legal in any Kentucky State Park, and pets are not allowed on most trails at Natural Bridge State Park. "Fat Man's Squeeze", a narrow passage in the rock formation, leads to the bottom of the arch. In addition to these trails, a paid ski lift attraction is available to take people to the top of the Natural Bridge.
Natural Bridge has several unique sandstone rock formations, including the Balanced Rock. This is a huge block of sandstone balanced on the edge of a cliff near the Natural Bridge. The "Balanced Rock", is located on Trail #2, not far above Hemlock Lodge. In the early days of the Park, it was called the Sphinx because, when viewed from the correct angle, it crudely resembles the Sphinx in Egypt. Although it is now called the Balanced Rock, it is in fact a pedestal rock - a single piece of stone that has weathered in such a fashion that its midsection is narrower than its cap or its base. This formation is one of the biggest and most perfectly formed examples of a pedestal rock east of the Rocky Mountains.
Annual events
Natural Bridge State Park is a member of the Leave No Trace Center for Outdoor Ethics, and offers guided backpacking trips and natural history educational programs. Annual events open to the public include Herpetology Weekend each May, Natural Arches Weekend each February, and the Kentucky Native Plant Society's Wildflower Weekend each April.
The Kentucky Natives Society's Wildflower Weekend in April consists of Kentucky plants and how they are essential to the well-being of our natural ecosystems commonwealth. " We incorporate research and support efforts to identify and protect endangered, threatened, and rare native plant species," says KNPS.ORG.
The State Park is also famous for hosting traditional Appalachian square dances. The traditional Appalachian style dances are held on Friday and Saturday evenings throughout the warm starlit Ky summers on the open-air dance floor. The dance draws hundreds of participants and spectators, showcasing dance groups and singer/performer talents from all over.
Gallery
See also
Slade, Kentucky—unincorporated community within the boundaries of the park
References
External links
Office of Kentucky Nature Preserves
Natural Bridge State Resort Park at Kentucky State Parks
Natural Bridge State Resort Park at American Byways
Leave No Trace
State parks of Kentucky
Natural arches of Kentucky
Protected areas of Powell County, Kentucky
Protected areas established in 1926
Protected areas of Wolfe County, Kentucky
Daniel Boone National Forest
Nature centers in Kentucky
Landforms of Wolfe County, Kentucky
Landforms of Powell County, Kentucky
1926 establishments in Kentucky | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural%20Bridge%20State%20Resort%20Park |
Athletes from Trinidad and Tobago competed at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Thirteen competitors, all men, took part in ten events in three sports. This was Trinidad and Tobago's first Olympic gold medal victory.
Medalists
Gold
Hasely Crawford — Athletics, Men's 100 metres
Athletics
Men's 800 metres
Horace Tuitt
Heat — did not finish (→ did not advance)
Men's 4x100 metres Relay
Anthony Husbands, Chris Brathwaite, Charles Joseph, and Francis Adams
Heat — 40.08s
Semi Finals — 39.88s (→ did not advance)
Men's 4 × 400 m Relay
Mike Solomon, Charles Joseph, Horace Tuitt, and Joseph Coombs
Heat — 3:03.54
Final — 3:03.46 (→ 6th place)
Men's Long Jump
George Swanston
Qualification — 7.40m (→ did not advance)
Cycling
Two cyclists represented Trinidad and Tobago in 1976.
Sprint
Leslie Rawlins — 23rd place
1000m time trial
Anthony Sellier — 1:11.103 (→ 20th place)
Shooting
References
External links
Official Olympic Reports
International Olympic Committee results database
Nations at the 1976 Summer Olympics
1976
Summer Olympics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinidad%20and%20Tobago%20at%20the%201976%20Summer%20Olympics |
Pertek (from , ) is a town and seat of Pertek District in Tunceli Province, Turkey. It had a population of 6,365 in 2021 and is populated by Kurds and Turks. The mayor is Ruhan Alan from the Republican People's Party (CHP).
The neighborhoods of the town are Camiikebir, Derebaşı, İstiklal, Kaledibi, Soğukpınar.
History
The area of Pertek was ruled by different empires in its history. In the medieval period such as the Armenians and Byzantines before being taken over by different Islamic dynasties after the 11th century. Later it became part of the Ilkhanids and others and finally became part of the Ottoman Empire in the early 16th century.
During the Ottoman period Pertek was a hereditary Kurdish sanjak. The old town of Pertek (Eski Pertek) was located near the citadel but was abandoned in 1838 and moved to its current location. Armenian sources state that about 180 Armenians still lived in the old town (Eski Pertek) up until the early 1900s despite the rising water levels of the Euphrates river. After 1889, it was fully incorporated into the Mamuretul-aziz Vilayet as a nahiye district of the Charsanjak kaza within the sanjak of Dersim.
According to the 1881 Ottoman census, there were 6 neighborhoods of Pertag town - 1154 total males (966 Muslim, 188 Armenian Apostolic) in 520 households. The general district had 23 villages of Pertag district - 127 total males (943 Muslim, 184 Armenian Apostolic) in 552 households. Females were often undercounted or entirely disregarded from census counts.
As a result of the construction of the Keban Dam, the Pertek district experienced the submerging of a number of its district's villages. Some of the settlements submerged were Eski Pertek, Borkin, Korluca (Til), Balan, Deşt, Zahuran, Beroç, Karameşe (Tezikan) [partially submerged], Tuzbaşı (Nisirto) [abandoned].
Historic monuments
There are two historic Ottoman mosques in Pertek. The Baysungur mosque (16th century) and Celebi Ali mosque (16th century). The mosques were later dismantled and moved from the site of the old town to protect them from the rising water shore of the Lake Keban. The Pertek Castle is located on an Island. There are other historic sights in the nearby area. The village of Sağman has a ruined citadel with a 16th-century mosque, tomb and tekke built by the Kurdish sanjak bey Keykusrav.
Archaeology
In August 2022, archaeologists led by Kenan Öncel announced that they had discovered a child skeleton in an oval-shaped pit in Tozkoparan Mound. They also revealed terracotta potteries, obsidians, bones, stone tools and arrowheads. In order to determine the skeleton's diet and age-at-death, researchers are planning to trace the diseases left in the bones.
References
Populated places in Tunceli Province
Pertek District
Turkish Kurdistan
Kurdish settlements in Tunceli Province
District municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertek |
Charles Evans Bresnahan (pronounced "BREZ-nuh-han"; born September 8, 1960) is an American football coach and former player. He is the Defensive Line and Outside Linebackers coach for the Vegas Vipers. He was the defensive coordinator of the Oakland Raiders on two occasions and the Cincinnati Bengals of the National Football League (NFL) as well as the Florida Tuskers and Sacramento Mountain Lions of the United Football League (UFL). He also served as defensive coordinator in the college ranks at the University of Central Florida, University of South Florida and University of Maine. Bresnahan also served as an assistant coach with the Cleveland Browns and Indianapolis Colts of the NFL and the United States Naval Academy (Navy) and the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech) in the college ranks. Bresnahan also assisted in the Officiating Department of the NFL for 3 seasons. He is the son of Tom Bresnahan, a long time NFL assistant and Offensive Coordinator who coached 4 Super Bowls under Marv Levy (HOF-2001) with the Buffalo Bills.
Coaching career
Bresnahan began his coaching career at Navy under Gary Tranquill in 1986. From 1987 to 1991 he was an assistant coach for the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team that won the 1990 UPI National Championship under head coach Bobby Ross. He was hired by the Head Coach, Kirk Ferentz, to be the defensive coordinator for the Maine Black Bears from 1992 to 1993. In 1994 Bresnahan made the move to the NFL when he was hired by then Head Coach, Bill Belichick, as the assistant linebackers coach for the Cleveland Browns. He was promoted to linebackers coach in 1995. From 1996 to 1997 Bresnahan served as linebackers coach of the Indianapolis Colts. He was the Oakland Raiders' defensive backs coach from 1998 to 1999 before he was promoted by then Head Coach, Jon Gruden, to defensive coordinator and spent 2000 to 2003 in that role. During that time the Raiders won three consecutive AFC West Championships, appeared in two AFC Conference Championship games and Super Bowl XXXVII.
Bresnahan joined the Cincinnati Bengals' coaching staff in 2004 as a defensive assistant coach, and was promoted to defensive coordinator in 2005 by then Head Coach, Marvin Lewis. In 2005 the Bengals registered their first winning season and reached the NFL Playoffs for the first time in 17 years capturing the AFC North Championship. After the team went 7–9 in the 2008 regular season, he was fired and spent 2009 and 2010 as the linebackers coach and defensive coordinator, respectively, with the Florida Tuskers of the United Football League (UFL) where the Tuskers played in two consecutive UFL Championship games. In 2011 Bresnahan was hired back by the Oakland Raiders as their defensive coordinator. The team finished 8-8 but he was not retained following the season when Head Coach Hue Jackson was fired. Bresnahan spent the 2012 season with the Sacramento Mountain Lions as their defensive coordinator; he was later part of a joint lawsuit that sued the team for unpaid salary. In 2013 he was hired to serve as defensive coordinator, under newly hired head coach Willie Taggart, at the University of South Florida. After two seasons with the Bulls, he was fired along with the Offensive Coordinator Paul Wulff and assistant Coach, Ron Cooper. Bresnahan spent the 2015 season as the defensive coordinator of the University of Central Florida under head coach George O'Leary.
Bresnahan was hired by Dean Blandino, NFL Vice President of Officiating, in 2016 to help bring a coaching perspective to the NFL Officiating Department. Upon the departure of Blandino, he remained in this position under new NFL Vice President of Officiating, Al Riveron for the 2017 and 2018 seasons. Bresnahan then joined Pro Football Hall of Famer Bill Polian (HOF-2015) in his efforts to start the Alliance of American Football. He was the league's Assistant Director of Officiating and worked under Polian in Football Operations. He remained in this position until the Alliance declared Chapter 7 bankruptcy on April 2, 2019.
In May, 2019, he joined forces with a teammate at the United States Naval Academy and former lead pilot for the Navy's Blue Angels, John Foley. He was hired to help create and supervise the Sports Division of John Foley CenterPoint Companies, Inc serving as Vice President of Sports Division.
Bresnahan was named head coach of the Jousters of The Spring League in October 2020, but was relieved of his duties as head coach of the Jousters after week 3, due to a disagreement on how to handle a COVID-19 breakout within his team. He has since joined his former player and Pro Football Hall of Famer, Rod Woodson (HOF-2009), as Head Football Coach – Football Delivery & Strategy of HOPE Through Football. Bresnahan has also worked with multiple foundations, charities and developmental organizations such as Teammates for Kids, The Progeria Research Foundation, Boys & Girls Club of Oakland, CA, Football University and the Pro Football Hall of Fame Academy.
Bresnahan was officially hired by the Vegas Vipers on September 13, 2022
Personal life
Bresnahan attended and graduated from St. Mary's High School in Annapolis, Maryland.
Bresnahan was is a 1983 graduate of the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, MD.
His father Tom Bresnahan, was a longtime football coach and spent sixteen years as an NFL assistant, including 10 seasons with the Buffalo Bills, where he coached in their four straight Super Bowl appearances under Pro Football Hall of Fame Coach, Marv Levy.
While attending St. Mary’s High School, Bresnahan was involved as the driver in a single vehicle accident. Passenger and friend Michael Patmoore did not survive.
References
1960 births
Living people
American football linebackers
Cincinnati Bengals coaches
Cleveland Browns coaches
Florida Tuskers coaches
Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football coaches
Indianapolis Colts coaches
Maine Black Bears football coaches
Navy Midshipmen football coaches
Navy Midshipmen football players
Oakland Raiders coaches
Sacramento Mountain Lions coaches
South Florida Bulls football coaches
Sportspeople from Annapolis, Maryland
The Spring League coaches
Vegas Vipers coaches
Wyoming Seminary alumni
Sportspeople from Springfield, Massachusetts
Coaches of American football from Massachusetts
Coaches of American football from Maryland
Military personnel from Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuck%20Bresnahan |
Pervari () is a town and seat of the Pervari District of Siirt Province in Turkey. It is populated by Kurds of the Adiyan and Şakiran tribes and had a population of 6,261 in 2021.
The town is divided into the two neighborhoods of Aydın and Şakiran.
References
Populated places in Pervari District
Kurdish settlements in Siirt Province
District municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pervari |
Athletes from Trinidad and Tobago competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany. Trinidad and Tobago was represented by nineteen athletes and nine officials, competing in athletics, cycling, sailing, and swimming.
Athletics
Men's 100 metres
Ainsely Armstrong
First Heat — 10.56s (→ did not advance)
Rudolph Reid
First Heat — 10.74s (→ did not advance)
Men's 800 metres
Lennox Stewart
Heat — 1:48.7 (→ did not advance)
Men's 4 × 100 m Relay
Ainsely Armstrong, Rudolph Reid, Bertram Lovell, and Hasely Crawford
Heat — DNS (→ did not advance)
Arthur Cooper
Trevor James
Charles Joseph
Patrick Marshall
Laura Pierre
Edwin Roberts
Cycling
Six cyclists represented Trinidad and Tobago in 1972
Individual road race
Patrick Gellineau — did not finish (→ no ranking)
Clive Saney — did not finish (→ no ranking)
Anthony Sellier — did not finish (→ no ranking)
Vernon Stauble — did not finish (→ no ranking)
Team time trial
Pat Gellineau
Clive Saney
Anthony Sellier
Vernon Stauble
Sprint
Leslie King
Winston Attong
1000m time trial
Leslie King
Final — 1:09.96 (→ 19th place)
Individual pursuit
Vernon Stauble
Team pursuit
Pat Gellineau
Clive Saney
Anthony Sellier
Vernon Stauble
Sailing
Men's Flying Dutchman
Richard Bennett and David Farfan
Swimming
Men's 100m Freestyle
Geoffrey Ferreira
Heat — 56.27s (→ did not advance)
References
External links
Official Olympic Reports
Nations at the 1972 Summer Olympics
1972 Summer Olympics
1972 in Trinidad and Tobago | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinidad%20and%20Tobago%20at%20the%201972%20Summer%20Olympics |
Pınarbaşı, formerly Tekkeşin, is a town in the Kastamonu Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. It is the seat of Pınarbaşı District. Its population is 2,477 (2021).
Image gallery
References
External links
Municipality's official website
Populated places in Kastamonu Province
Pınarbaşı District, Kastamonu
District municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%B1narba%C5%9F%C4%B1%2C%20Kastamonu |
The Comunidade Intermunicipal do Ave () is an administrative division in Portugal. It was created in 2009. It takes its name from the Ave River. The seat of the intermunicipal community is Guimarães. Ave comprises parts of the former districts of Braga and Vila Real. The population in 2011 was 425,411, in an area of 1,451.31 km².
Ave is also a NUTS3 subregion of the Norte Region. Since January 2015, the NUTS 3 subregion covers the same area as the intermunicipal community.
Ave is bordered to the north by Cávado, to the east by Alto Tâmega, to the southeast by Douro, to the south by Tâmega e Sousa and the southwest by the Metropolitan Area of Porto. It is a densely populated area and one of the more industrialized in the country. The main industries are the textile industry, clothing and apparel. Part of the historical region of Minho, it is centered on the historic city of Guimarães (the birthplace of Portuguese nationalism).
Municipalities
The CIM Ave is composed of 8 municipalities:
References
External links
Official website CIM Ave
Intermunicipal communities of Portugal
Norte Region, Portugal
Minho | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ave%20%28intermunicipal%20community%29 |
Trinidad and Tobago competed at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City, Mexico. 19 competitors, all men, took part in 14 events in 5 sports.
Athletics
Men's 100 metres
Ronald Monsegue
Round 1 — 10.5 seconds (→ 5th in heat, did not advance)
Men's 200 metres
Edwin Roberts
Round 1 — 20.6 seconds (→ 4th in heat, advanced to round 2)
Round 2 — 20.4 seconds (→ 2nd in heat, advanced to semi final)
Semi final — 20.4 seconds (→ 2nd in heat, advanced to final)
Final — 20.3 seconds (→ 4th place)
Winston Short
Round 1 — 20.9 seconds (→ 2nd in heat, advanced to round 2)
Round 2 — 21.5 seconds (→ 7th in heat, did not advance)
Men's 400 metres
George Simon
Round 1 — 47.9 seconds (→ 5th in heat, did not advance)
Men's 800 metres
Benedict Cayenne
Heats — 1:48.2 min (→ 2nd in heat, advanced to semi final)
Semi final — 1:46.8 min (→ 4th in heat, advanced to final)
Final — 1:54.3 min (→ 8th place)
Men's 4x100 metres relay
Raymond Fabien, Winston Short, Carl Archer, Edwin Roberts
Heats — 38.9 seconds (→ 6th in heat, advanced to semi final)
Semi final — 39.5 seconds (→ 6th in heat, did not advance)
Men's 4x400 metres relay
George Simon, Euric Bobb, Benedict Cayenne, Edwin Roberts
Heats — 3:04.5 min (→ 2nd in heat, advanced to semi final)
Semi final — 39.5 seconds (→ 6th in heat, did not advance)
Final — 3:04.5 min (→ 6th place)
Cycling
Men's 1.000m Time Trial
Roger Gibbon — 1:04.66 min (→ 5th place)
Men's Sprint
Roger Gibbon
Round 1 — 1st in heat (→ advanced to round 2)
Round 2 — 1st in heat (→ advanced to round 2)
Round of 16 — 2nd in heat (→ advanced to repechage)
Repechage — 2nd in heat (→ did not advance)
Leslie King
Round 1 — 2nd in heat (→ advanced to repechage)
Repechage — 1st in heat (→ advanced to round 2)
Round 2 — 3rd in heat (→ advanced to repechage)
Repechage — 1st in heat (→ advanced to round of 16)
Round of 16 — 2nd in heat (→ advanced to repechage)
Repechage — 3rd in heat (→ did not advance)
Men's Individual Pursuit
Vernon Stauble
Qualification — 5:07.80 min (→ 19th in trial, did not advance)
Men's Team Pursuit
Robert Farrell, Salim Mohammed, Phillip Richardson, Noel Luces
Qualification — 4:48.64 min (→ did not advance)
Shooting
Two male shooters represented Trinidad and Tobago in 1968.
50 m pistol
Bertram Manhin — 539 pts (→ 38th place)
50 m rifle, prone
Hugh Homer — 583 pts (→ 65th place)
Swimming
Men's 100 metres freestyle
Geoffrey Ferreira
Heats — 58.9 s (→ 5th in heat, did not advance)
Men's 100 metres backstroke
Geoffrey Ferreira
Heats — DNS (→ no ranking)
Men's 100 metres butterfly
Geoffrey Ferreira
Heats — DNS (→ no ranking)
Weightlifting
Lightweight
Hugo Gittens
Press — 120.0 kg
Snatch — 102.5 kg
Jerk — 137.5 kg
Total — 360.0 kg (→ 16th place)
References
External links
Official Olympic Reports
Part Three: Results
Nations at the 1968 Summer Olympics
1968
1968 in Trinidad and Tobago | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinidad%20and%20Tobago%20at%20the%201968%20Summer%20Olympics |
The Colorado Chautauqua, located in Boulder, Colorado, United States, and started in 1898, is the only Chautauqua west of the Mississippi River still continuing in unbroken operation since the heyday of the Chautauqua Movement in the 1920s. It is one of the few such continuously operating Chautauquas remaining in the United States, and was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2006. According to its governing body, the Colorado Chautauqua Association, it is also unique in that it is the only year-round Chautauqua.
The Colorado Chautauqua in the 21st century
The Colorado Chautauqua Association, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization formerly known as the Texas-Colorado Chautauqua Association, presents a variety of lectures, live musical performances, and silent films on a year-round schedule, although the summer months are emphasized. The operation also includes the Chautauqua Dining Hall. Short-term lodging is also offered. The Association manages leased from the City of Boulder, including the historic Chautauqua buildings, all of which are still in regular use:
the 1898 Chautauqua Auditorium (listed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 21, 1978)
the 1898 Dining Hall
the 1900 Academic Hall (now the Administration Building)
the 1911 Missions House
the 1918 Community House
the 1919 Columbine Lodge
98 cottages, constructed between 1899 and 1954 (80 before 1915), some of which are owner-occupied and some of which are rentals offered by the Colorado Chautauqua Association.
Between these of Association land and Baseline Road lies a Boulder city park called Chautauqua Park. This area is marked "Chautauqua Green" on the map published by the Colorado Chautauqua Association. Both the park and the Association land are open to the public without an entry fee.
The entire site, including both the Association land and the adjacent Chautauqua Park, was designated a National Historic Landmark on February 10, 2006. The site is bounded on the north by Baseline Road, on the northeast by residential back yards on 10th Street, and on the southeast, south, and west by the City of Boulder Mountain Parks.
Residents of Boulder generally refer to the entire site by the single word Chautauqua. In the early years, the site was known as "Texado Park".
History
19th century
1897
The Texas-Colorado Chautauqua Association was incorporated in Austin, Texas in September 1897. This organization was for the purpose of conducting a summer school and lecture series for Texas school teachers at a Colorado location to be determined later. A cooler summer climate than Texas was desired.
1898
In February 1898, the Texas-Colorado Chautauqua Association and the City of Boulder entered into an agreement to locate the Chautauqua near Boulder, subject to the city providing sufficient area and suitable facilities. A city bond election was held on April 5, 1898 and the necessary bonds and expenditures were approved to purchase the land and build the first buildings.
On April 18, 1898 the Boulder City Council appointed a "Committee on Parks," the earliest beginning of the city's Parks Department. Later in April, the Bachelder Ranch site was selected and purchased for the Chautauqua; the grounds, one mile (1.6 km) south of the city, were named Texado Park. On May 12, 1898 construction of the Chautauqua Auditorium commenced; the Dining Hall construction started one week later. Both buildings were completed in time for the opening of the first Chautauqua season on July 4, 1898.
However, the two greatest disappointments of the initial season were first, that no residential cottages had yet been constructed; and second, that the electric streetcar line from downtown Boulder to Texado Park had not been built in time for the opening. In the first season, Colorado Chautauqua attenders were housed entirely in tents. They traveled the 1.5 miles (about 2 km) from the Boulder railway station to the Chautauqua on foot or in horsedrawn vehicles, via dirt roads that were alternately dusty and muddy.
The 1898 fee was $75 for the entire six-week season, including tuition, admission to all lectures and entertainments, all boarding and lodging, and round-trip rail fare to Boulder from any location within a radius of Fort Worth, Texas.
The first year's six-week program featured no fewer than 94 scheduled speeches, including addresses from the well-known evangelist T. Dewitt Talmadge, the Kentucky orator Henry Watterson, the governors of Colorado and Texas, the mayor of Boulder, and the president of the University of Colorado. Various clergymen also delivered sermons each Sunday.
The Kansas City Symphony Orchestra was in residence for the entire season, and would return many times in future years. They played a sacred concert each Sunday, and incidental music as requested, often several times a day. Various bands, pianists, and vocalists also performed.
Music classes were offered including cello, guitar, mandolin, piano, singing and chorus. The Collegiate Department of the Chautauqua offered 51 different classes in mathematics, chemistry, botany, physics, psychology, education, as well as English, Latin, Greek, French, and German language and literature.
From that first season, the Colorado Chautauqua also presented motion pictures in the Auditorium. The evening program for July 21, 1898, was "Edison's Genuine Projectoscope, Colorscopic Diorama and Wargraph, with Music, reproducing scenes of the war with Spain."
Other activities included burro and horseback rides, hikes to the nearby Flatirons on Green Mountain, stagecoach rides to Boulder Falls and Eldorado Springs, and mountain railway excursions to destinations as far away as Ward.
The activities of the 1898 Chautauqua season were to continue and expand from that date to the 1920s, except for the Collegiate Department, which was largely supplanted by the summer session of the University of Colorado beginning in 1904.
1899
The Electric Street Railway from downtown Boulder to Texado Park was started in late April 1899 and completed on June 24, 1899, ten days ahead of the opening of the second Colorado Chautauqua season. Cars ran every 15 minutes from 6:30 a.m. to 11:00 p.m., and the fare was five cents.
The first cottages were built in the spring of 1899. At the opening of the second season, between 30 and 40 cottages were available, with the other attenders still residing in tents. Construction of additional cottages continued in later years, although some would stay in tents until 1916.
William Jennings Bryan, the biggest celebrity of the Chautauqua movement, first appeared at the Texas-Colorado Chautauqua on July 12, 1899, drawing a capacity crowd to the Chautauqua Auditorium, with thousands more thronging the adjacent hillsides. The total attendance was about 13,000.
1900
The Academic Hall was constructed in June 1900. Cottages built in 1900 included the Women's Christian Temperance Union cottage, which offered rooms to members at 50 cents per night. The prohibitionist cause was a continuing theme in the early days of Chautauqua lectures, as were women's suffrage, Populist politics, and a nondenominational Christian message of self-improvement.
Republican and Democratic orators were invited to give campaign speeches for their respective presidential candidates, William McKinley and William Jennings Bryan. Jonathan P. Dolliver spoke on August 20, 1900 and Champ Clark the following week. This experiment was not considered a success, and overtly partisan election-year speeches would not return until 1932.
On December 20, 1900, the Texas-Colorado Chautauqua was reorganized as the Colorado Chautauqua, with an entirely local board of directors. Title to the land remained with the city of Boulder, but the Colorado Chautauqua Association operated the Chautauqua under a long-term lease, since renewed several times.
The reorganization, partly prompted by financial deficits, had both a broadening and a narrowing effect. More emphasis was placed on wooing attenders from states other than Texas, but at the same time The Colorado Chautauqua had become Boulder's own enterprise. More townspeople attended the presentations in the ensuing years. More Boulderites were also directly involved in managing the Chautauqua programs.
Early 20th century
The early years of the 20th century saw continuing growth and development of the Colorado Chautauqua. One highlight was the appearance of John Philip Sousa and his band at Chautauqua Auditorium in the fall of 1904, after the Chautauqua season was over for that year.
In the first two decades of the Colorado Chautauqua, an average of 40 full evening musical programs were presented each season, which is to say each summer. Dramatic readings from Shakespeare and Ibsen were also staples of the early 20th century Chautauqua experience in Boulder, as were operatic arias. The 1910 program featured "costumed recitals from grand opera" presented by the Chicago Operatic Company on July 4.
The famed evangelist Billy Sunday spoke to large crowds in 1909, 1924, 1925, and 1931. Other evangelists also delivered their message of fire and brimstone to the Chautauquans. According to Chautauqua tradition, all religious observance and preaching was nondenominational, but the growing tide of Fundamentalism made its influence felt through a number of Chautauqua orators as the 20th century progressed.
From the beginning of the Colorado Chautauqua, two or three motion pictures had been presented each year. But starting with the 1918 season, in the face of higher costs for lecturers and entertainers, the Colorado Chautauqua Association decided to increase the number of movies. The Association expressed the intention to maintain the quality of the live stage presentations, although those events would be fewer. They also pledged that the motion pictures selected would be the "best productions on the screen" and would be limited to films that were morally uplifting and suitable for family viewing. Since the Chautauqua lacked the financial resources to compete for first run films with the commercial movie theaters, second-run movies were selected. The 1918 Colorado Chautauqua movie menu included Oliver Twist, The Bluebird, Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm, and The Vicar of Wakefield, among others.
From 1918 forward, about half of the evening presentations were motion pictures, the other half continuing to be lectures and live entertainment. That formula held for about ten years, after which the movies came to occupy a steadily increasing percentage of the Chautauqua presentations.
Middle 20th century
Eventually the effects of two world wars, one Great Depression, and the development of many competing entertainment opportunities (especially movies, radio, television, and the automobile) would greatly impact the nature of events held at the Colorado Chautauqua. Under financial pressure, the presentations decreased in variety. Although the Colorado Chautauqua Association continued to schedule a few lectures and musical performances (including annual appearances by groups representing SPEBSQSA and the Sweet Adelines, which persist into the 21st century), by the 1950s the vast majority of activities at the Chautauqua consisted of second-run movies in the Auditorium, presented with marginal projection and sound equipment. The Colorado Chautauqua had entered a dormant period, although some traditions continued, such as the nondenominational summer Sunday School program.
The built-up area of the city of Boulder gradually expanded, reaching the boundaries of the Chautauqua site by the 1940s. Chautauqua became part of the city, although it was still at the edge of the City of Boulder Mountain Parks. Over the years many of the cottages were winterized for year-round use. The Colorado Chautauqua became, in part, a residential district for Boulderites.
Late 20th century
The 1970s saw a crisis in the history of the Colorado Chautauqua. Attendance and revenue were declining. The buildings were deteriorating. The Chautauqua Association's 1941 lease on the land was scheduled to expire in 1981. The city of Boulder was entertaining various ideas for the Chautauqua grounds including demolition in favor of building a new convention center on the site.
In 1974, Daily Camera editor Laurence Paddock completed an application to list the Chautauqua Auditorium on the National Register of Historic Places. When this listing came about in 1978, the city shifted its planning from demolition to restoration. The historic preservation designation of the Auditorium was the turning point for The Colorado Chautauqua as it exists today.
The Colorado Chautauqua gradually returned to its roots in the late 20th century, scheduling much more live music and a modest number of additional lectures. Jazz and bluegrass concerts were introduced, with good popular success. Guest performers have included composer-pianist Peter Kater, Native American flutist R. Carlos Nakai, Doc Watson, Hot Rize, George Winston, Bill Monroe, Lyle Lovett, Randy Newman, Bobby McFerrin, Bruce Cockburn, Suzanne Vega, Bela Fleck, Roger McGuinn, Loudon Wainwright III, Michelle Shocked, and the Boulder Philharmonic Orchestra, among others.
The biggest positive impact on the Chautauqua was the arrival, in 1978, of the Colorado Music Festival including the Festival Orchestra under the direction of Giora Bernstein, in residence each summer for dozens of performances. The Colorado Music Festival remains an annual summer fixture at Chautauqua (more recently under the direction of Michael Christie) into the 21st century, presenting a variety of music with the most commonly featured composers being Mozart, Stravinsky, and Beethoven.
Chautauqua audiences of the late 20th century have enjoyed lectures from Hunter S. Thompson, Al Gore, Jesse Jackson, Colorado governor Roy Romer, and Congressman David Skaggs of Colorado, among others. Political campaign speeches were brought back to the Chautauqua in the 1996 season for the first time since 1932.
In response to competition from home VCRs, the second-run family films were discontinued in 1995. The Chautauqua film tradition continues, however, with a silent film series that began in 1986 and persists into the 21st century, featuring live piano accompaniment by Hank Troy and other students of Photoplay music.
The Dining Hall was refurbished in 1979 and the food service contracted out. For the first time, the Chautauqua Dining Hall became a destination restaurant (which it still is in the 21st century) and ceased to be a financial drain on the Colorado Chautauqua Association. The Dining Hall's license to serve wine and beer, however, represents something of a break with Chautauqua's prohibitionist past.
From a near-collapse in the early 1970s, The Colorado Chautauqua recovered to become a permanent part of the Boulder community and a piece of living history.
21st century
Currently, during the summer months, The Colorado Chautauqua hosts the Colorado Music Festival (CMF) in the Chautauqua Auditorium. The festival is six weeks long and showcases the Colorado Music Festival Orchestra. Due to its programming by national and international musicians, the festival recently earned recognition from the League of American Orchestras and the National Endowment for the Arts. During the summer 2020 season, the Colorado Music Festival held a series of online concerts due to the Covid-19 global pandemic.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Boulder County, Colorado
References
Further reading
Galey, Mary (1981): The Grand Assembly, The Story of Life at the Colorado Chautauqua. Boulder, Colorado: First Flatiron Press, .
Pettem, Silvia (1998): ''Chautauqua Centennial, a Hundred Years of Programs." http://www.silviapettem.com/books.html
External links
Colorado Chautauqua Association
Colorado Chautauqua Cottages
Map of Colorado Chautauqua grounds
National Historic Landmarks - Boulder, Colorado
New Piasa Chautauqua, Chautauqua, IL
1898 establishments in Colorado
Neighborhoods in Boulder, Colorado
Culture of Boulder, Colorado
21st-century Chautauquas
National Historic Landmarks in Colorado
National Historic Landmark Districts
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Colorado
Education in Boulder, Colorado
Buildings and structures in Boulder, Colorado
Tourist attractions in Boulder, Colorado
National Register of Historic Places in Boulder County, Colorado | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado%20Chautauqua |
Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru (GPC) (The University of Wales Dictionary) is the only standard historical dictionary of the Welsh language, aspiring to be "comparable in method and scope to the Oxford English Dictionary". Vocabulary is defined in Welsh, and English equivalents are given. Detailed attention is given to variant forms, collocations, and etymology.
The first edition was published in four volumes between 1967 and 2002, containing 7.3 million words of text in 3,949 pages, documenting 106,000 headwords. There are almost 350,000 dated citations dating from the year 631 up to 2000, with 323,000 Welsh definitions and 290,000 English equivalents, of which 85,000 have included etymologies.
History
In 1921, a small team at the National Library of Wales, Aberystwyth, organised by the Rev. J. Bodvan Anwyl, arranged for volunteer readers to record words. The task of editing the dictionary was undertaken by R. J. Thomas in the 1948/49 academic year.
The first edition of Volume I appeared in 1967, followed by Volume II in 1987, Volume III in 1998, and Volume IV, edited by Gareth A. Bevan and P. J. Donovan, in December 2002. Work then immediately began on a second edition.
Following the retirement of the previous editors Gareth A. Bevan and Patrick J. Donovan, Andrew Hawke was appointed as managing editor in January 2008.
The second edition is based not only on the Dictionary's own collection of citation slips, but also on a wide range of electronic resources such as the Welsh Prose 1300-1425 website (Cardiff University), JISC Historic Books including EEBO and EECO (The British Library), Welsh Newspapers Online and Welsh Journals Online (National Library of Wales), and the National Terminology Portal (Bangor University).
In 2011, collaborative work began to convert the Dictionary data so that it could be used in the XML-based iLEX dictionary writing system, as well as to produce an online dictionary. After three years of work, on 26 June 2014, GPC Online was launched by then First Minister of Wales, Carwyn Jones, AM, in the Welsh Assembly. GPC Online attracted 10,251 visitors to its search page on the first day after launch.
On 12 May 2015, it was announced that the Welsh Government had awarded the Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies with a grant of £40,500 from the Welsh-language Technology and Digital Media Fund to aid development of a version of the Dictionary for mobile devices. A year later, on 24 February 2016, free mobile and tablet applications for the Dictionary were announced and launched. To accompany the launch, more than 400 new words were added to the dictionary. Within a week of the launch, over a thousand people had downloaded the application.
See also
Irish lexicography
Scottish Gaelic dictionaries
References
External links
Official website (in Welsh)
Official website (in English)
History of the Dictionary
GPC Apps for iOS and Android
Internet properties established in 2001
Welsh Language
Welsh language
Welsh non-fiction books
Welsh dictionaries
University of Wales | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geiriadur%20Prifysgol%20Cymru |
Pınarhisar, ancient Brysis (Βρύσις in Ancient Greek), is a town in Kırklareli Province in the Marmara region of Turkey. It is the seat of Pınarhisar District. Its population is 10,497 (2022). The mayor is İhsan Talay (AKP).
The town was a part of the defensive line Lüleburgaz - Karaağaç - Bunarhisar during the First Balkan War. The former spelling of its name was Bunarhisar. The settlement was captured by Bulgarians in the First Balkan War but was taken back by the Ottoman Empire in the course of the Second Balkan War.
History
According to Turkish government resources, Pınarhisar was founded during the reign of Theodosius II, by c. 425, under the name "Brysis" meaning "spring" in Greek. The town's fortress was built during the Byzantine era. In 1190, the town was significantly damaged by Crusader occupation. It was attacked by Tatars in 1264.
The town was captured by the Ottomans in 1368, by the forces under the command of Ghazi Mihal, as a part of a campaign led by Murad I.
Christian bishopric
The first mention of the archdiocese of Brysis is in an early 10th-century Notitia Episcopatuum associated with Emperor Leo VI the Wise. Extant documents record the names of three of its ancient archbishops: John took part in the Second Council of Nicaea in 787; Nicetas was at the Photian Council of Constantinople (879) dell'879; Leo was one of the signatories of a decree of Patriarch Alexius of Constantinople in 1027.
During the Fourth Crusade Brysis became a Latin Church archbishopric under the name Verissa (of Thrace).
No longer a residential bishopric, Brysis is today listed by the Catholic Church as a titular see.
References
Sources
Populated places in Pınarhisar District
District municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%B1narhisar |
Maurice Carthon (born April 24, 1961) is an American former professional football player and coach. Carthon played as a fullback in the United States Football League (USFL) and National Football League (NFL) for a total of 11 seasons. After his playing career ended, he became a coach, and served as the offensive coordinator for three NFL teams.
Early years
Carthon attended Osceola High School in Osceola, Arkansas, and was a letterman in football and basketball. In football, he was a two-time All-Conference honoree where he played tight end. In basketball, he was named the state's Most Valuable Player as a senior.
College career
Carthon accepted a football scholarship from Arkansas State University, where he was coached by Larry Lacewell. In football, he was a two-time All-Southland Conference selection, and as a senior, he was the team's captain and led the team in rushing yards (682).
He finished his college career with 362 carries for 1,583 yards, 26 receptions and seven touchdowns. He was a member of Kappa Alpha Psi fraternity.
In 1991, Carthon was inducted into the Arkansas State hall of honor. In 2002, he was inducted into the Arkansas State ring of honor. He was named to the Southland Conference 1980’s All-Decade team. In 2005, he was inducted into the Arkansas Sports Hall of Fame.
Professional career
New Jersey Generals (USFL)
Carthon was selected by the New Jersey Generals in the eighth round (94th overall) of the 1983 USFL Draft. As a rookie, he collected 90 carries for 334 yards and three touchdowns.
In 1984, Carthon started all 18 games, registering 1,042 yards and 11 rushing touchdowns. That same season his backfield mate, Herschel Walker led the league with 1,339 rushing yards. This was the third time in professional football that teammates had rushed for over 1,000 yards each in the same season (Csonka/Morris – 1972 and Harris/Bleier – 1976). Subsequently, it was also achieved by Mack/Byner – 1985; Dunn/Vick – 2006; Jacobs/Ward – 2008; Stewart/Williams – 2009 and Jackson/Ingram - 2019.
In 1985, Carthon played a final season with the Generals, posting 175 carries for 726 yards and 6 touchdowns.
New York Giants
In 1985, Carthon signed as a free agent with the New York Giants. From February to June, his USFL career consisted of three preseason games, 18 regular season games, and a final playoff on June 30, 1985. After reporting to the Giants in July, he played an additional five preseason games, 16 regular season games, and two playoff rounds, for a total of 45 contests in less than a year.
Carthon wore the number 44 in his career as a fullback with the Giants. He was considered a bruising back with superb blocking skills. Carthon was a very durable player, missing only one game out of 76 when he was with the Giants.
Carthon won two championship rings with the Giants, in Super Bowl XXI and Super Bowl XXV. His best season was in 1986, when he finished as the team's second leading rusher with 260 yards, while also helping diminutive halfback Joe Morris rush for a then-franchise record 1,516 yards.
Carthon retired after the 1992 season with 950 career rushing yards, 90 receptions for 745 yards, and 3 touchdowns.
Coaching career
Maurice Carthon resigned as Cleveland Browns offensive coordinator on October 24, 2006 after Cleveland managed only seven points against the Denver Broncos. Under Carthon, the Browns had managed a league-low 232 points in 2005 and had only scored 88 points through six games in 2006. Carthon was the third NFL offensive coordinator to be replaced during the 2006 season.
In early 2008, reports surfaced about a potential reuniting of Carthon and old coach Bill Parcells in Miami. Carthon would not be a candidate for the Miami Dolphins head coaching vacancy, but rather a candidate for offensive coordinator.
Carthon been known as a "Parcells Guy", following his former coach from coaching place to place. He has coached under Parcells for the New England Patriots, the New York Jets and, most recently, the Dallas Cowboys.
On Feb 19, 2009 the Kansas City Chiefs announced that the club added Carthon to head coach Todd Haley’s coaching staff. Carthon served as assistant head coach. When Haley was fired in December 12, 2011, Carthon was retained in the same role under Romeo Crennel. He was let go the following season, 2012, when the Chiefs went 2-14 and has not returned to coaching since.
Personal life
Carthon's son Ran played running back for the Indianapolis Colts, and currently works as general manager for the Tennessee Titans.
References
1961 births
Living people
People from Osceola, Arkansas
Players of American football from Passaic County, New Jersey
American football running backs
Arkansas State Red Wolves football players
New Jersey Generals players
New York Giants players
Indianapolis Colts players
African-American coaches of American football
National Football League offensive coordinators
New England Patriots coaches
New York Jets coaches
Dallas Cowboys coaches
Cleveland Browns coaches
Detroit Lions coaches
Arizona Cardinals coaches
Kansas City Chiefs coaches
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American sportspeople | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice%20Carthon |
Polateli, formerly Güldüzü and historically Ispanak, is a town and the administrative seat of the Polateli District in the Kilis Province of Turkey. Its population is 1,045 (2022). It is inhabited by Turkmens of the Çavuşlu tribe. It consists of 6 neighbourhoods: Atatürk, Cumhuriyet, Şehit Ali, Sosyal Konutlar, Ekrem Çetin and Kaymakam Kürşat Ağca.
References
Populated places in Kilis Province
Polateli District
District municipalities in Turkey
Turkoman settlements in Kilis Province | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polateli |
James Milton Ham, (September 21, 1920 – September 16, 1997) was a Canadian engineer, university administrator and President of the University of Toronto.
He chaired the Royal Commission on the Health and Safety of Workers in Mines, and was described as the father of occupational health and safety in Canada.
Early life and education
Born in Coboconk, Ontario, Ham attended Runnymede Collegiate Institute and received a B.A.Sc. degree from the University of Toronto in 1943.
Career
After graduation, Ham joined the Royal Canadian Navy as an electrical officer. After the Second World War, he was a lecturer and housemaster in the Ajax division of the University of Toronto. In 1946, he left to study at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology where he received an S.M. degree in 1947 and an Sc.D. degree in 1952. He was a research associate from 1949 to 1951 and was assistant professor of electrical engineering from 1951 to 1952.
In 1953, he returned to the University of Toronto as associate professor of electrical engineering, becoming professor in 1959. He headed the Department of Electrical Engineering in 1964, before becoming the dean of the Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering in 1966 and the Dean of Graduate Studies in 1976. He served as president of the University of Toronto from 1978 to 1983. In 1983, he received the Sir John Kennedy Medal. He was appointed president emeritus in 1988.
Ham was a Canadian pioneer in the teaching and promotion of research in the field of automatic control. He supervised the first doctoral students in that field at a Canadian university. He initiated the Associate Committee on Automatic Control of the National Research Council of Canada and chaired that committee from 1959 to 1964. He was a member of the executive committee of the International Federation of Automatic Control from 1966 to 1972.
He was also an enthusiastic teacher of the fundamental principles of electrical engineering and was the author, with Gordon Slemon, of a textbook on that topic.
Professional affiliations
Ham was a member of the National Research Council of Canada, from 1969 to 1974.
He was chairman, Committee on Education and Training, of the World Federation of Engineering Organizations from 1971 to 1974.
From 1974 to 1976, he was the chairman of the Ontario government's Royal Commission on Health and Safety of Workers in Mines (known as the Ham Commission). The commission's report included 117 recommendations about health and safety in mines. The report also established the Internal Responsibility System ("IRS"), a strategy for the oversight of health and safety in the province's workplaces that remains today as a standard that has been adopted across Canada and internationally.
He was chairman, Advisory Committee on Safety and Training, Royal Commission on the Ocean Ranger Marine Disaster from 1982 to 1985.
From 1986 to 1988 he was chairman, Industrial Disease Standards Panel, Ministry of Labour, Ontario. The Panel had been created by statutory amendments to the Workers' Compensation Act. Its purpose was to investigate issues of occupational disease in the province; and to make policy recommendations to the Workers' Compensation Board for possible compensation. Among the issues tackled by the Panel during his two years as Chairman can be included lung diseases in gold and uranium mining, various cancers from PCB exposures, and other contentious occupational disease issues.
In 1987, he was a founding fellow of the Canadian Academy of Engineering, serving as its vice president from 1988 to 1989 and president from 1990 to 1991.
He was advisor to the president of the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research from 1988 to 1990.
Honours and awards
In 1980, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada in recognition as a "scientist, engineer and scholar who has had a distinguished academic and administrative career".*
He was posthumously selected as a 2014 inductee into the Canadian Science and Engineering Hall of Fame. The induction took place in Ottawa on January 20, 2015.
In 1989, he was awarded the Order of Ontario.
He was made a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers in 1967.
He received the Sir John Kennedy medal from the Engineering Institute of Canada in 1983.
He was awarded honorary doctoral degrees by 13 universities in Canada and Korea.
References
Sources
External links
James M. Ham archival papers held at the University of Toronto Archives and Records Management Services
1920 births
1997 deaths
Canadian academics in engineering
Canadian Anglicans
Canadian university and college faculty deans
Officers of the Order of Canada
Members of the Order of Ontario
Presidents of the University of Toronto
University of Toronto alumni
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
People from Kawartha Lakes
Royal Canadian Navy personnel of World War II
Royal Canadian Navy officers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Milton%20Ham |
Polatlı (formerly Ancient Greek: Γόρδιον, Górdion and Latin: Gordium) is a municipality and district of Ankara Province, Turkey. Its area is 3,618 km2, and its population is 128,378 (2022). It is 80 km west of the Turkish capital Ankara, on the road to Eskişehir. Its elevation is 853 m.
Geography
Polatlı is situated at the heart of the high Anatolian Plateau, a large steppe covered with grass. Far from the coast, it has a typical steppe climate. The winters are cold and generally snowy, the summers are hot and dry. Spring and autumn are the wettest seasons (especially the former). Polatlı is one of the most productive agricultural districts in Turkey and is best known for its cereal production, especially barley and wheat. Polatlı is one of Turkey's largest grain stores. Sugar beet, melon and onion are also grown.
History
Ancient settlement
The ancient Phrygian capital Gordion is 10 km from the city of Polatlı.
On the outskirts of Polatli there is an archaeological mound of the same name, the remains of a multi-layered settlement of the Bronze Age (3rd-2nd millennium BC). Since the mound was being used by local people as a quarry, rescue excavations of its southern and central parts were carried out in 1949 by the Anglo-Turkish expedition led by Seton Lloyd, and Nuri Gökçe, then the director of the ‘Hittite Museum in Ankara’.
Classical antiquity
On his expedition to the east, Alexander the Great cut the famous Gordian Knot, an omen of his coming rule over the whole Asia. Pessinus, an ancient city on the upper river Sangarios (modern day Sakarya River), is also within the borders of Polatlı. The mythological Phrygian King Midas is said to have ruled from Pessinus and to be buried here.
Polatlı also occupied an important place in the Greco-Turkish War of 1919-1922 as the Battle of Sakarya (August 23-September 13, 1921) was fought here, the utmost eastern point reached by the advancing Greek Army in Anatolia. There are two memorial burial grounds of those lost in the battle. There is also a monument named Mehmetçik Monument about the battle just west of Polatlı.
Hacıtuğrul mound
Since the 1970s, excavations by Turkish archaeologists have been carried out near the modern town and train station of Yenidoğan, Polatlı, 15 km northeast of Polatli and 20 km from Gordion. This site, near Hacıtuğrul, is now known as :tr:Hacıtuğrul Höyüğü. The remains of monumental fortifications and other buildings of the city from Phrygian times, which exceeded Gordion in size, were found here. Five burial mounds were found in the vicinity.
Composition
There are 95 neighbourhoods in Polatlı District:
Adatoprakpınar
Avdanlı
Avşar
Babayakup
Basrı
Beşköprü
Beyceğiz
Beylikköprü
Çamlıca
Çanakçı
Çekirdeksiz
Çimenceğiz
Cumhuriyet
Esentepe
Eskikarsak
Eskiköseler
Eskipolatlı
Fatih
Gazi
Gedikli
Gençali
Gülpınar
Gülveren
Gümüşyaka
Gündoğan
Güreş
Hacımusa
Hacımuslu
Hacıosmanoğlu
Hacıtuğrul
Hıdırşeyh
İğciler
Ilıca
İnler
İstiklal
Kabakköy
Karaahmet
Karabenli
Karacaahmet
Karahamzalı
Karailyas
Karakaya
Karakuyu
Karapınar
Karayavşan
Kargalı
Kayabaşı
Kıranharmanı
Kızılcakışla
Kocahacılı
Kurtuluş
Kuşcu
Macun
Mehmetakif
Müslüm
Oğuzlar
Olukpınar
Ömerler
Ördekgölü
Özyurt
Poyraz
Sabanca
Şabanözü
Sakarya
Sarıhalil
Sarıoba
Sazlar
Şehitlik
Şentepe
Şeyhali
Şıhahmetli
Sinanlı
Sincik
Sivri
Taşpınar
Tatlıkuyu
Toydemir
Tüfekçioğlu
Türkkarsak
Türktaciri
Üçpınar
Uzunbey
Yağcıoğlu
Yağmurbaba
Yaralı
Yassıhüyük
Yeni
Yenice
Yenidoğan
Yeniköseler
Yenimehmetli
Yeşilöz
Yıldızlı
Yüzükbaşı
Zafer
Polatlı today
Today, Polatlı is an important district of Ankara on the main road which connects the capital to the west of Turkey. The city has a good range of restaurants, bars, schools and other important amenities but still a quiet rural feel to it, and little social life except cafes, patisseries and window shopping on a Sunday afternoon. There are car repair workshops but otherwise little industry. Polatlı is trying to become an independent province from Ankara and "we want to be a city" graffiti can be seen in the town.
There is a military base here and the Turkish Army Artillery School was established in Polatlı in the early 1940s and is still an important institution in the town.
Polatlıspor is a minor league football club that once climbed into the second league.
There is a large statue of a kangaroo on the main road into city.
Longwave transmitter
Near Polatli, there is a longwave broadcasting transmitter, which works on 180 kHz with a transmitter output power of 1200 kW. It uses as antenna a single 250 metres tall mast situated at 39°45'22"N 32°25'5"E. The station is known as "Polatlı Vericisi."
References
External links
District governor's official website
District municipality's official website
Everyday images of Polatlı
Populated places in Ankara Province
Cities in Turkey
Districts of Ankara Province
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polatl%C4%B1 |
Athletes from Trinidad and Tobago competed at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan. This marked the return of Trinidad and Tobago to the Olympic Games as a separate nation, after having competed as part of the British West Indies at the 1960 Summer Olympics. Thirteen competitors, all men, took part in ten events in four sports.
Medalists
Silver
Wendell Mottley — Athletics, Men's 400 metres
Bronze
Edwin Roberts — Athletics, Men's 200 metres
Edwin Skinner, Kent Bernard, Wendell Mottley, and Edwin Roberts — Athletics, Men's 4x400 metres
Athletics
Cycling
Three cyclists represented Trinidad and Tobago in 1964.
Sprint
Roger Gibbon
Fitzroy Hoyte
1000m time trial
Roger Gibbon
Individual pursuit
Ronald Cassidy
Sailing
Weightlifting
References
External links
Official Olympic Reports
International Olympic Committee results database
Nations at the 1964 Summer Olympics
1964
1964 in Trinidad and Tobago | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinidad%20and%20Tobago%20at%20the%201964%20Summer%20Olympics |
The Holy City Zoo, which called itself "the comedian's clubhouse", was a small but influential comedy club in San Francisco that operated from the mid-1970s to the mid-1990s.
Description
The Holy City Zoo was located at 408 Clement Street between 5th and 6th Avenues in San Francisco's Richmond District. It was a tiny dark cavern that had a maximum occupancy of 78. The bar sold beer, wine and soft drinks. There was a small stage set against the back wall. A few stairs stage left led to a small balcony known as "The John Wilkes Booth."
History
The club got its name from a sign the first owner, Robert Steger, picked up for free at a going-out-of-business sale at the local zoo in Holy City, California. He had stopped there to buy redwood tables and chairs for the club.
At that time, the Holy City Zoo was a folk music club. The first comedian to play the club on an open mic night was Jim Giovanni, an impressionist, circa 1971. There was no comedy scene at the Holy City Zoo prior to Giovanni's appearance, and he remained at that locale performing comedy nightly for close to three years. Later, other comics looking for a venue found the Zoo and gradually crowded out the folk music.
In 1975, Steger sold the business to Peter Reines. At first the Zoo continued to offer folk music five nights a week and was closed on Sundays. Reines was approached by San Francisco comedian Tony DePaul who suggested adding stand-up comedy as another form of entertainment. A number of comedians were holding shows in the basement of a church and wanted more of a nightclub setting. Sundays became "open mike" nights. It promptly became a very popular event. Gradually, comedy was expanded to seven nights a week. Under the promotional and emceeing skills of comedian Tony DePaul, the Zoo gained national and international recognition. The club's first official comedy producer/club manager was John Cantu, who often slept on the stage after the club had closed for the evening.
Open-mike nights continually ran one or two nights a week throughout the club's existence. Anyone could sign up for a five-minute set, including some comedians who went on to be stars.
It continued as a full-time comedy club for nearly 20 years. The Zoo was a "clubhouse" of sorts for comedians; it was the destination for many after a gig to hang out, gossip, drink, complain about the business, and perhaps catch a glimpse of some big-time headliner working on new material (most notably, Robin Williams, "who used the club as his neighborhood rehearsal space"). Television producer George Schlatter first saw Williams when he performed at Holy City, and remarked of him "...because people could not believe what they were seeing. It was character after character and that unbelievable machine-gun delivery". Rob Schneider could often be spotted hovering outside the club waiting to go onstage because he was underage. Due to a changing neighborhood and the lack of a full liquor license, the club was never financially solvent, and changed ownership many times. Among the various people who owned or co-owned the Zoo were Steger, Reines, Cantu, Jason Cristoble, Tom Sawyer, talent manager Bob Fisher, comedian Jim Samuels, and, at the end, Gilda and George Forrester (parents of the Zoo's last manager, Tracy Forrester) and Will and Debi Durst (who retained the rights to the "Holy City Zoo" trademark).
The Zoo went out of business at least once in the 1980s, reopening briefly as the Ha-Ha-A-Go-Go (under Tom Sawyer). In 1988, several comedians from the club had been recorded for the making of a George Schlatter-produced two-hour TV special The Comedy Club Special, hosted by Dudley Moore. The Holy City Zoo finally closed for good in 1994 and became a karaoke bar. In the later years, Holy City Zoo had been co-owned by Bob Fisher and Jim Samuels, the latter being the 1982 winner of the San Francisco International Comedy Competition. The final closing of the Zoo was a 24-hour "farewell marathon" hosted by Jeremy S. Kramer and ran from midnight August 29 to midnight August 30. Robin Williams said of the club's demise "like someone pulling the life support on your aunt. It's depressing. The Zoo was the womb".
On January 18, 1996, the club was temporarily revived as the non-profit "The New Zoo" for weekly open-mic nights on Thursdays at its original location (now called Seaport Tavern). Co-owner Jim Samuels died in 1990 at age 41 so only co-owner Bob Fisher was present and promoting the new revival.
On April 20, 2011, Bay Area comedy troupe Sylvan Productions began hosting a weekly Wednesday night stand up open mic, and regular Saturday feature showcases at Dirty Trix Saloon, bringing comedy back to the historical location.
List of past performers
The following is a partial list of comedians and other performers who either got their start or had performances at the Holy City Zoo:
The Amazing Johnathan
Kevin Nealon
Bill Rafferty
Bobby Slayton
Carrie Snow
Aisha Tyler
References
Defunct comedy clubs in the United States
Entertainment venues in San Francisco
Culture of San Francisco
Comedy clubs in California | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy%20City%20Zoo |
Knock Off is a 1998 action film directed by Tsui Hark and starring Jean-Claude Van Damme and Rob Schneider. The film was released in the United States on September 4, 1998. The title is a double entendre, as the term colloquially refers to both counterfeit goods as well as targeted killing. The film is one of the last in the world to feature Kai Tak Airport still in use; the airport closed in 1998.
It was Hark's second and last American film; he returned to Hong Kong after Knock Off, feeling unsatisfied with his work in the United States. The film is also the second collaboration between Van Damme and de Souza, the first film being Street Fighter, released in 1994.
Plot
Russian agents searching for something underwater find a crate as Hong Kong police close in. They accidentally open the crate and baby dolls float to the surface before being detonated. Some Russian agents and a Hong Kong detective pursuing them survive.
Downtown, Tommy Hendricks is arranging a fashion show for "V-Six" Jeans. His business partner, Marcus Ray shows up late after inspecting a warehouse of their goods where he sees several knock-offs, including the exploding dolls, peddled by a Hong Kong gangster, Skinny. Marcus and Tommy then participate in an annual rickshaw race during which Marcus' adopted brother and friend Eddie cheats to win by switching with a body double. The body double gets kidnapped by Russian agents (looking for Eddie) and Marcus gives chase. Ultimately, the agents kill the fake Eddie; Tommy accidentally throws a can of food at a plainclothes Hong Kong police officer. The police arrest Marcus and Tommy, but release them without charges.
Back at their office, an executive from V-Six, Karen Lee claims a shipment of jeans was counterfeit and Marcus and Tommy are responsible for over $5 million of losses. She agrees to let it go if they go to the warehouse that switched the fake jeans and identify who did it. Meanwhile, the Russian bosses kill the agents who failed to reclaim the dolls and get tipped off by Skinny that V-Six and Hong Kong detective are onto them and are going to their warehouse. When Tommy gets kidnapped at a restaurant, Marcus follows him and finds him talking to his CIA handlers. He is a CIA agent sent to discover the counterfeiters who used Marcus, "the king of knock offs," as his cover.
That night, before they arrive at the warehouse, a truck bursts out. Marcus gets on top of it and when it ultimately crashes they find it full of tiny discs. Tommy's boss, Harry Johansson determines they are powerful "nanobombs" at their base inside a Buddha statue. Believing Eddie to be in on it, they go to see him. Eddie fingers Skinny as the counterfeiter; he found out they had bombs in the merchandise and tried to have it dumped in the ocean before the Russians found them. He opens a safe to give them proof, but it explodes, killing him. Tommy and Marcus have to fight their way out of the building. Tommy obtains security footage on the way out.
Marcus kidnaps Skinny at his workplace and takes him back to the CIA base in the Buddha. There, the security footage reveals Karen was in the warehouse just before they were. At the office, she handcuffs Tommy and prepares to question him. After Marcus leaves, the Buddha explodes, and Marcus races to the office to save Tommy. After a fight, she reveals she's CIA as well, and the three team up. While Marcus changes, the Russians kidnap Karen and Tommy, and Marcus finds a bomb detector in Karen's things. He realizes the jean studs are the nanobombs and checks the computer for the shipping manifest. He and the Hong Kong detective race to the cargo ship where Karen and Tommy are being held.
Harry boards the ship and shoots dead a couple of Russian agents. Tommy is relieved to see Harry on board, but Harry reveals he is a double agent intending to ransom companies for not detonating the nanobombs they have been secretly planting in manufactured goods all over the world. Marcus and the detective board the ship and fight through the remaining Russians, eventually escaping just before Harry detonates it. Karen plants a handful of nanobombs on Harry's boat as well, which explodes. They find the detonator in the water and take it.
Two hours later, Tommy and Marcus talk in a bar. Tommy still has the detonator. In a distant room, Harry, still alive, is planting nanobombs on a toy. Tommy carelessly activates the detonator, destroying the building Harry is in, in the distance.
Cast
Jean-Claude Van Damme as Marcus Ray
Rob Schneider as Tommy Hendricks
Lela Rochon as Karen Lee
Michael Fitzgerald Wong as Detective Han
Carman Lee as Ling Ho
Paul Sorvino as Harry Johansson
Wyman Wong as Eddie Wang
Glen Chin as Skinny Wang
Wes Wolff as Dinger
Moses Chan as Officer Wong
Production
The film was announced at the 1997 American Film Market.
The film’s music was credited to Ron and Russell Mael of American new wave band Sparks. In an interview with historian and critic Aaron Hillis, they noted that, although they maintained a positive friendship with Tsui Hark through their attempts to produce a film adaptation of Mai, the Psychic Girl, due to studio pressure the score ultimately ended up being more the work of additional music composer Varouje Hagopian than them.
Release
Knock Off opened in the United States on September 4, 1998. It took the 4th spot and grossed in $5,516,2311 at 1800 theaters, at an average of $3,064 for the weekend. From there it grossed a total of $10.3 million in US ticket sales.
Reception
Knock Off holds a 10% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 40 reviews. The site's consensus states: "Muddled plot; stiff acting." Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "D+" on an A+ to F scale.
Joe Leydon of Variety called it "an exuberantly cheesy action opus" that is made worth watching by Tsui Hark's directing despite its confusing and formulaic plot. Paul Tatara of CNN wrote that it is "the most incomprehensible mess I've ever had to sit through", and Jeff Vice of the Deseret News called it "incompetent in almost every aspect of filmmaking". Kevin Thomas of the Los Angeles Times, however, called it Van Damme's best film to date and said it has crossover appeal due to its humor.
References
External links
1998 films
1998 action comedy films
American action comedy films
Hong Kong action comedy films
1990s English-language films
English-language Hong Kong films
Films set in Hong Kong
TriStar Pictures films
Films directed by Tsui Hark
Films shot in the Philippines
Films with screenplays by Steven E. de Souza
Films set in 1997
1990s American films
1990s Hong Kong films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knock%20Off%20%28film%29 |
Trinidad and Tobago competed at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, Australia. Six competitors, all men, took part in seven events in three sports.
Athletics
Cycling
Sprint
Hylton Mitchell — 13th place
Time trial
Hylton Mitchell — 1:16.5 (→ 19th place)
Individual road race
Hylton Mitchell — did not finish (→ no ranking)
Weightlifting
References
External links
Official Olympic Reports
International Olympic Committee results database
Nations at the 1956 Summer Olympics
1956
1956 in Trinidad and Tobago | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinidad%20and%20Tobago%20at%20the%201956%20Summer%20Olympics |
Peter Oliva (born 1964), is a Canadian novelist who lives in Calgary, Alberta.
His first novel, Drowning in Darkness (1993–1999), won the Writers Guild of Alberta Best First Book Award and was shortlisted for a Bressani Prize. The book is set in the Crowsnest Pass of southern Alberta, and in Calabria, Italy. It follows Italian immigrants to Canada in the early 1900s.
A former bookseller, Oliva won the Canadian Bookseller's Association Award for best independent bookstore in Canada, in 1999.
His second novel, The City of Yes, won the 1999 Rogers Writers' Trust Fiction Prize. The main narrative of a Canadian English teacher in Japan is interwoven with the fictionalized account of Ranald MacDonald, a Canadian explorer and the first man to teach English in Japan.
References
Chaos as Metaphor: An Interview with Kazuo Ishiguro. By Peter Oliva, 1995, in: Brian W. Shaffer, Cynthia F. Wong ed., Conversations with Kazuo Ishiguro. Literary Conversations, 2008, pp 120–124
External links
Peter Olivas Website
Oliva, item at English-Canadian writers, Athabasca University, with links to a bibliography and an essay “Calabria to Crowsnest: Oliva’s Drowning in Darkness”, by Joseph Pivato
Canadian male novelists
Canadian people of Italian descent
1964 births
Living people
Writers from Calgary | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Oliva |
Jeffrey Todd Grantham (born September 13, 1966) is an American football coach who is the defensive line coach for the New Orleans Saints of the National Football League (NFL). He previously served as defensive coordinator at the University of Florida.
Early life and education
Grantham was born in Pulaski, Virginia and attended nearby Virginia Tech from 1984 to 1988. where he played for coach Frank Beamer in his first season as head coach. He graduated from Virginia Tech in 1988 with a Bachelor of Arts in Sports Management. Grantham earned All-American honors his senior year at tackle.
Coaching career
Virginia Tech
From 1990 to 1995 Grantham worked as a coach at his alma mater.
Michigan State
Grantham worked as the defensive line coach for Michigan State in 1996 and 1997.
Indianapolis Colts
After being promoted to assistant head coach at Michigan State, Grantham was hired by Jim Mora in 1998 to coach the defensive line. His D-Line was one of the catalysts of the biggest turnaround in league history (3–13 to 13–3), ultimately helping the Colts defense compile 56 sacks in two years, which was a club record since moving to Indianapolis. During his tenure in Indianapolis, the Colts had a 29–19 record.
Houston Texans
After Mora was relieved of his duties in Indianapolis, Grantham moved on to the newly formed Houston Texans, joining the staff of former Pittsburgh Steelers defensive coordinator and inaugural Carolina Panthers head coach Dom Capers. Grantham was given much talent to work with from the start, as the Texans acquired Pro Bowl defensive end Gary Walker and nose tackle Seth Payne from the Jacksonville Jaguars in the expansion draft.
In 2002, his influence was evident on the line as starters Gary Walker, Seth Payne, and Jerry Deloach all posted career highs in tackles. Gary Walker also earned his second Pro Bowl appearance under his tutelage that season.
2003 was a testing year for the line, as Pro Bowler Gary Walker and Seth Payne played a combined six games due to injury. However, Jerry Deloach and Steve Martin filled in with great success, posting a combined 201 tackles. Despite the 5–11 record, there was optimism for the future of the steadily improving defense.
2004 was a break-out year for the Texans. Grantham's line once again made a major contribution, helping the Texans achieve the 13th ranked run defense in the league. Despite the low number of sacks (5.5), they put great pressure on opposing quarterbacks (76 recorded pressures) and helped anchor the defense that was equipped with playmakers such as 2004 1st round draft pick Dunta Robinson, former Ravens linebacker Jamie Sharper, and veteran defensive backs Aaron Glenn and Marcus Coleman. Despite posting a mediocre 7–9 record, the Texans were poised to start making an impact in the NFL after improving every season since their inception in 2002.
After three strong seasons with the Texans, Grantham accepted an offer from Romeo Crennel to become defensive coordinator of the Browns. After he left, the Houston Texans posted a 2–14 record. Capers was fired after the end of the season.
Cleveland Browns
Grantham's first year as coordinator of the Browns defense under head coach Romeo Crennel was an eclectic mix of good and bad. They once again fielded one of the NFL's top pass defenses, actually stepping up in rank from 5th to 4th in the NFL. When starting cornerback Gary Baxter went down with a knee injury that ended his career, Leigh Bodden emerged as a solid playmaker. Overall, their secondary continued to play at a high level. They also ranked 11th in scoring defense despite possessing one of the leagues worst run defenses. Orpheus Roye posted a career high with 88 tackles and also made three sacks.
After Michigan State dismissed head coach John L. Smith in 2006, Grantham was one of the candidates to be his replacement. However, Michigan State hired Cincinnati head coach Mark Dantonio.
He was fired on January 11, 2008, after the 2007 season with the Browns defense ranking 25th against the pass, 27th against the run, and 30th in total yards allowed among 32 teams.
Dallas Cowboys
Grantham served as the defensive line coach for the Dallas Cowboys until the end of the season when he joined the coaching staff at the University of Georgia as defensive coordinator. During Grantham's 2 seasons with Dallas, the Cowboys improved from 13th (2007) to 2nd (2009) in the league in points allowed.
Georgia Bulldogs
In 2010 Grantham installed a 3–4 defense during his four-year tenure at Georgia. Despite breakdowns in coverage at times, in 2010 the Bulldogs ranked 23rd nationally in total defense and 36th in scoring defense (22.1 points allowed per game). His defense also forced 26 takeaways, over twice as many as Georgia had in 2009 (12), and helped them move from 118th nationally in 2009 to 19th in 2010 in turnover margin.
Georgia's defense under Grantham finished the 2011 season ranked 5th nationally in total defense, 10th in pass defense and 11th in rush defense. They also finished 2nd in the SEC in sacks (34), tackles for loss (94) and turnovers forced (29). In 2012, despite falling to 32nd nationally in total defense, the unit was revered as one of the top in the country as the team finished the season 12–2, winning the Eastern Division of the SEC. Grantham's defense had some of the top talent in the country with playmakers at every position including linebackers Jarvis Jones and Alec Ogletree, defensive linemen John Jenkins and Kwame Geathers, cornerback Sanders Commings, and All-American free safety Bacarri Rambo. Jones was Grantham's star player and was once again a consensus All-American in 2012, finishing the regular season leading the nation in tackles for loss, and 3rd in sacks.
Grantham is perhaps most famous for giving University of Florida kicker, Chas Henry, the "choke" sign as Henry lined up for the winning kick in the 2010 Florida-Georgia game. Grantham also was shown on TV in a confrontation with Vanderbilt coach James Franklin after the 2011 Vandy game. He later acknowledged that his actions embarrassed the university and were "unfortunate". Neither coach apologized to the other.
Under him Georgia defense finished No. 45 in the nation in the 2013–2014 season. It was the lowest the Bulldogs finished during Grantham's four-year tenure.
Louisville Cardinals
In 2014 Grantham was hired by Bobby Petrino to be his defensive coordinator at the University of Louisville. He was given a five-year guaranteed contract worth $1 million per year.
Mississippi State Bulldogs
In 2017 Grantham was hired by Dan Mullen to be the defensive coordinator at Mississippi State University. He was given a multi year deal, with financial details not disclosed. Ironically, Grantham's predecessor at Mississippi State, Peter Sirmon, was hired to be defensive coordinator at the University of Louisville.
Florida Gators
On November 30, 2017, Mullen officially hired Grantham to be his defensive coordinator at Florida. Grantham had previously served as Mullen's defensive coordinator at Mississippi State during the 2017 season. In his first year at Florida, the Gators finished 28th in total defense nationally and 5th in the SEC. In February 2019, the Cincinnati Bengals zeroed in on Grantham to be their next defensive coordinator. Grantham ultimately rejected the Bengals' offer and decided to stay at Florida. Following his decision, Grantham received a contract extension and pay raise which made him one of the highest paid assistant coaches in college football. On November 7, 2021, Todd Grantham was let go by head coach Dan Mullen.
Alabama
In February 2022, Grantham agreed to joined Nick Saban's staff at Alabama as a defensive analyst.
References
External links
Florida profile
Louisville profile
1966 births
Living people
Cleveland Browns coaches
Dallas Cowboys coaches
Florida Gators football coaches
Georgia Bulldogs football coaches
Houston Texans coaches
Indianapolis Colts coaches
Louisville Cardinals football coaches
Michigan State Spartans football coaches
Mississippi State Bulldogs football coaches
National Football League defensive coordinators
Virginia Tech Hokies football coaches
People from Pulaski, Virginia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Todd%20Grantham |
Carlo Jachino (1887–1971) was an Italian composer of the 20th century. Born in Sanremo on February 3, 1887, he studied in Leipzig under Hugo Riemann. Jachino's 3-act opera, Giocondo and his King won a national competition in (1922) and was premiered at the Dal Verme theater in Milan in 1924. In 1928 his Second Quartet in E minor shared the second prize with Harry Waldo Warner while Béla Bartók and Alfredo Casella shared the first prize at an international chamber music competition in Philadelphia. He was a proponent of dodecaphonic or 12-tone music. He wrote extensively about music, including Instruments of the Orchestra. He taught composition at the Parma Conservatory, Naples Conservatory and Rome Conservatory between 1927 and 1950. He was the director of the Naples Conservatory from 1950 to 1953, and later director of the National Conservatory of Colombia in Bogotà. Jachino was also inspector of music curriculum for the Italian Ministry of Education.
Although a proponent of twelve-tone technique Jachino wasn't always a strict serialist. According to Reginald Smith Brindle, his Piano Concerto (1952), performed in Florence in 1955,"was a miracle in avoiding all that dodecaphony implies". His Violin Concerto, the Sonata drammatica per violino e orchestra (1920) has been recorded.
Jachino was also involved in film. He composed the score for Il figlio di d'Artagnan (1950) and acted in L'ebreo errante (1948), and in Bicycle Thieves (1948).
Filmography
References
1887 births
1971 deaths
20th-century classical composers
Academic staff of the Parma Conservatory
Academic staff of Conservatorio Santa Cecilia
Italian classical composers
Italian male classical composers
People from Sanremo | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo%20Jachino |
Front Porch Stories is Avail's sixth studio album, released on Fat Wreck Chords in 2002. It was the band's final album.
Track listing
"Black and Red" - 2:15
"Blue Times Two" - 2:56
"West Wye" - 2:55
"You" - 2:47
"Gravel to Dirt" - 2:10
"Done Reckoning" - 1:42
"East on Main" - 2:28
"Versus" - 3:04
"Subdued and Arrested" - 2:40
"Monuments" - 1:54
"The Falls" - 3:36
"Now" - 3:33
References
Avail albums
2002 albums
Fat Wreck Chords albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front%20Porch%20Stories |
Dark Harvest is a 2004 American slasher film, written and directed by Paul Moore.
Plot
The movie takes place in the summer of 2002 when Sean (Don Digiulio) inherits a farmhouse from his father. Sean was adopted at birth and until that point had no idea about his family. He and a group of friends decide to stay in the farmhouse located in West Virginia for a few days. When they arrive, they're attacked by three killer scarecrows.
Main cast
Production and release
The film, which was released directly to video, was shot with a low budget and in only two and a half weeks. It was followed by two unrelated sequels, Dark Harvest II: The Maize and The Maize 2: Forever Yours.
References
External links
2004 direct-to-video films
2004 horror films
American slasher films
Films set in 2002
Films set in West Virginia
2004 films
American films about revenge
LGBT-related horror films
Bisexuality-related films
American supernatural horror films
American zombie films
2000s slasher films
Films about Satanism
Films set on farms
Fictional scarecrows
American exploitation films
2000s English-language films
2000s American films
Supernatural slasher films
American monster movies | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark%20Harvest%20%282004%20film%29 |
Gruntruck is an American rock band formed in 1989 in Seattle, Washington, by vocalist Ben McMillan and drummer Norman Scott, both previously from early Seattle sound pioneers Skin Yard. While in Skin Yard, Norman also briefly joined Soundgarden, and collaborated with Chris Cornell on a lesser-known band, the low frequency power trio Bass Truck. Lead guitarist Tommy Niemeyer from crossover thrash band The Accüsed and bassist Tim Paul, previously of Portland hardcore punk band Final Warning, rounded out the initial, classic line-up. Their sound is described as grunge, and the band focuses more on the metal side of the genre.
History
While on tour with Skin Yard, Ben and Norman wrote a song (Paint from Inside Yours) in Tucson, Arizona, which had a vibe that Ben felt was worthy of forming a new band around. Before long Ben, Norman, and Tom began to collaborate on blending Bass Truck's sound with this new material, and brought in Tim Paul on bass to fill out the sound later that year. After several attempts at titling the new lineup, the name Gruntruck came to Ben while out record shopping.
The band soon recorded a full-length album for Seattle label Empty Records, with Skin Yard alum/legendary producer Jack Endino (Nirvana, Soundgarden) producing with Gary King. Inside Yours was released in 1990, and was released simultaneously in Germany on the Musical Tragedies label. Gruntruck made a video for the song "Not a Lot to Save" with Henry Shepherd (brother of Soundgarden bassist Ben) directing, which soon found its way onto MTV.
In 1991, Gruntruck gained further exposure after opening for Pearl Jam on the night they recorded the music video for the song Even Flow, and during the frenzy of media and record label attention that had descended on Seattle, they signed a multi-album deal with Roadrunner Records. Roadrunner re-released Inside Yours later that same year.
In 1992, the band recorded their second album, Push, with Endino and King again in charge of production. Roadrunner released it that same year, and also licensed Inside Yours for release in Japan on the Appolon Records label. The track "Tribe" was made into a music video and appeared on the soundtrack of the film PCU, also earning an enthusiastic reception on MTV and rotation on the show Headbangers Ball.
They toured the U.S. and Canada with Alice in Chains in fall of 1992, as well as Europe in the winter of 1993 with Pantera, who were supporting Vulgar Display of Power. According to Sean Kinney, they were Alice in Chains's most supported band at the time, opening alongside the Screaming Trees for Alice in Chains' Dirt tour.
Tim left the band shortly after their return to Seattle, and was replaced by Alex Sibbald of The Accüsed.
Shortly thereafter, a video was made for Crazy Love, which garnered generous airplay on MTV and a rare snark-free mention on the show Beavis and Butt-Head, where a stunned Butthead mused, "I must be hallucinating now. I can’t believe they’re playing something cool. These guys rock!"
Following a particularly grueling tour of the States, Norman left the band and was replaced by Josh Sinder, also of The Accüsed.
In 1996, even though the band was at the height of their popularity, they were struggling to make ends meet while fulfilling contractual obligations to Roadrunner Records. Major record label PolyGram offered to buy out Gruntruck’s contract for $1 million, but Roadrunner refused. Subsequently, on the advice of their attorney, Gruntruck filed for bankruptcy in an attempt to break free of their contract. The label sued to block the bankruptcy petition, resulting in a precedent-setting case that has been cited in subsequent cases, written up in legal journals, and eventually inspiring major congressional legislation. The court ultimately ruled in Gruntruck's favor, but the litigation would exact a severe financial and emotional toll on the band. The lineup of Ben, Tom, Alex and Josh released a three-song EP, Shot, on Betty Records in 1996, with Endino and King producing for a third time. The new lineup attempted to recapture the momentum Gruntruck had enjoyed before the lawsuit by stoking a bidding war for the newly available band. However, at a showcase in Los Angeles with A&R representatives from nearly all of the major labels in attendance, the music industry was uniformly perplexed by singer Ben’s decision to perform with his back to the audience and the band remained unsigned.
In 1997, the original lineup was reunited after Norman and Tim rejoined to play extensively in local venues, and the band began working on new material together as well as with a side project called Mona Diesel. Some of the songs written during this latter collaboration would find their way back to Gruntruck.
These new songs were the foundation of what was envisioned as their breakthrough third album, and the original lineup began a two-year journey recording in five different studios in and around Seattle with both Jack Endino and Martin Feveyear (Mudhoney, Screaming Trees, Queens of the Stone Age) producing.
Once the self-titled third album was complete, the band ramped up their live performances around Seattle in preparation for the album’s release. Then in 2003, the band took what was envisioned to be a brief hiatus to give Ben time to recover from his recent health issues.
The finished third album languished in the vaults until 2016, when Jack Endino mentioned its existence to Found Recordings head, Scott Blum, who enthusiastically embarked on a journey with the band to bring the album to the world. The self-titled third album, nicknamed 'Phoenix' (which included also the songs of the Mona Diesel era), was released October 13, 2017 by Found Recordings, and the remaining original members will honor the late singer's memory by reuniting for a limited number of live performances with a guest singer later in the year.
Death of Ben McMillan
Ben McMillan died at age 46 from complications related to diabetes on January 26, 2008.
Legacy
In 2017, Metal Injection ranked Gruntruck at number 4 on their list of "10 Heaviest Grunge Bands".
Members
Ben McMillan - vocals, guitar (1989–2002, deceased)
Tom Niemeyer - guitar (1989–2002, 2017–present)
Tim Paul - bass (1989–1993, 1997–2002, 2017–present)
Norman Scott - drums (1989–1993, 1997–2002, 2017–present)
Alex Sibbald - bass (1993–1996)
Josh Sinder - drums (1993–1996)
Discography
Studio albums
1990: Inside Yours (empty Records/Roadrunner Records)
1992: Push (Roadrunner Records)
2017: Gruntruck (The Phoenix Record) (Found Recordings)
Singles & EPs
1992: "Tribe" (Roadrunner Records)
1992: "Above Me" (Roadrunner Records)
1992: "Crazy Love" (Roadrunner Records)
1996: Shot EP (Betty Records)
2017: "Bar Fly" (Found Recordings)
Compilations
1991: Another Damned Seattle Compilation (Dashboard Hula Girl Records)
2005: The All-Star Sessions (Roadrunner Records) - appearance by Tommy Niemeyer, credited as member of Gruntruck
References
Musical groups established in 1989
Musical groups disestablished in 1993
Musical groups reestablished in 1996
Musical groups disestablished in 2002
American alternative metal musical groups
American grunge groups
Musical groups from Seattle
Heavy metal musical groups from Washington (state) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruntruck |
Nelle Nugent (born 1939) is an American independent Broadway producer.
Biography
She was born May 24, 1939, in Jersey City. She has overseen productions such as Amadeus, Morning's at Seven, The Elephant Man, The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby, and Dracula, and awards she has won includes Tony for all five listed shows.
In 1982 she began her third marriage, to Jolyon Fox Stern, president of a New York insurance brokerage.
She and producer John Schwally started the east coast chapter of the Producers Guild of America in 2001, and she is one of its five members-at-large.
she will be a co-producer with musician Alicia Keys and Reuben Cannon for Lydia Diamond's Stick Fly at the Cort Theatre on Broadway beginning November 18, 2011.
References
External links
McCann & Nugent Productions records, 1976-1986, held by the Billy Rose Theatre Division, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts
Nugent,Nelle
Nugent,Nelle
Nugent,Nelle
1939 births
Living people
21st-century American women | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelle%20Nugent |
The Aventura Stakes is a race for Thoroughbred horses raced at Gulfstream Park once run at the start of the year, but now in December. The Aventura is open to three-year-olds willing to race one mile on the dirt and carries a purse of $125,000.
It is a prep to the Kentucky Derby the Holy Bull Stakes, the Hutcheson Stakes, the Fountain of Youth Stakes and the Florida Derby.
The Aventura is not listed as running in 2009 at Gulfstream Park.
Past winners
2014 - Atreides (1:37.20)
2008 - Not Run?
2007 - Street Magician (Rafael Bejarano)
2006 - Doctor Decherd (Shaun Bridgmohan)
2005 - High Fly
2004 - Kaufy Mate
2003 - Dynever
2002 - Marasca
References
Triple Crown Prep Races
Horse races in Florida | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aventura%20Stakes |
The Vought FU was a biplane fighter aircraft of the United States Navy in service during the late 1920s.
Design and development
Pleased with the company's VE-7, in 1926 the Navy gave Vought a $459,709 contract for 20 convertible land/sea fighters. Vought already had a two-seat observation plane, the UO-1, basically a VE with additional fuselage streamlining and a Wright J-3 radial engine. This was made into a fighter simply by covering over the front cockpit of the observation plane, mounting machine guns in that area, and upgrading to a Wright R-790 Whirlwind with a supercharger. With the help of the supercharger, the newly designated FU-1 was able to reach a speed of at .
The FU-1s were delivered to VF-2B based in San Diego, California. With their float gear mounted, one was assigned to each of the battleships of the Pacific Fleet, where these observation seaplanes were launched from catapults. They spent eight months in this role, but as the squadron went to aircraft carrier operations, the further-aft cockpit proved to have a visibility problem when maneuvering around a carrier deck. In response, the forward cockpit was re-opened, the resulting aircraft being designated FU-2.
By this time they were obsolescent, and the two-seaters served primarily as trainers and utility aircraft.
Operators
Peruvian Air Force - Two aircraft.
Peruvian Navy - Two aircraft.
United States Navy
Specifications (FU-1)
References
Notes
Bibliography
Jones, Lloyd S. U.S. Naval Fighters. Fallbrook CA: Aero Publishers, 1977, , pp. 53–54.
Swanborough, Gordon and Bowers, Peter. United States Navy Aircraft since 1911. London:Putnam, Second edition, 1976. .
External links
F01U
Vought F01U
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Biplanes
Floatplanes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vought%20FU |
Athletes from Trinidad and Tobago competed at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, Finland.
Medalists
Bronze
Rodney Wilkes — Weightlifting, Men's Featherweight
Lennox Kilgour — Weightlifting, Men's Middle Heavyweight
References
Official Olympic Reports
International Olympic Committee results database
Nations at the 1952 Summer Olympics
1952 Summer Olympics
1952 in Trinidad and Tobago | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinidad%20and%20Tobago%20at%20the%201952%20Summer%20Olympics |
Catherine Feller (born 1939) is a British actress and educator. She is perhaps best known for her role as Oliver Reed's love interest in the Hammer Film Productions' The Curse of the Werewolf (1961). She appeared in Waltz of the Toreadors (1962) with Peter Sellers, and in the first colour episode "The Queen's Ransom" of The Saint TV show.
Career
In 1955, as a sixteen-year-old, Feller appeared in a production of The Lark at the Lyric, Hammersmith. The same year, she was featured in the Tatler modelling beachwear.
Feller has experience as an actress in several theatre performances, films and TV series in Italy and the United Kingdom, working for the BBC, the RAI and many other theatres and broadcasting companies. She has collaborated with several public and private schools as a lecturer on expressiveness and conversation courses addressed to teachers and students. She has performed her shows and laboratory activities sponsored by L’Astrolabio throughout Italian schools. Fluent in Italian, she also works as a translator for the magazine Vogue Gioiello, the Italian magazine for gems jewels, diamonds ornamental, and fashion trend.
Filmography
External links
References
British actresses
British translators
Living people
1939 births
British women writers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine%20Feller |
, also known as Fujiwara no Yoshishige (藤原 義鎮) or Ōtomo Yoshishige (大友 義鎮), was a Japanese feudal lord (daimyō) of the Ōtomo clan, one of the few to have converted to Roman Catholicism (Christianity). The eldest son of , he inherited the Funai Domain, on Kyūshū, Japan's southernmost main island, from his father. He is perhaps most significant for having appealed to Toyotomi Hideyoshi to intervene in Kyūshū against the Shimazu clan, thus spurring Hideyoshi's Kyūshū Campaign of 1587.
Early life
In 1545, Sōrin married Lady Nata (Jezebel) who became one of the leading personalities against the spread of Christianity in western Japan. She was the daughter of Nata Akimoto, the head priest of the Nata Hachiman Shrine. Sōrin's domain included the port of Funai, which was frequented by Jesuit priests, bandits, Chinese merchants, and Japanese sea lords. In addition to unifying much of Kyūshū under his control, and securing a significant gain in his clan's power and prestige therefore, Sōrin is also quite significant as one of the daimyōs to meet personally with the Jesuit missionary Francis Xavier in 1551, one of the first Europeans in Japan. Though he later formally converted to Christianity, it is likely that Sōrin saw this as a strategic move, politically, and was not religiously motivated towards this position. Referred to as the "King of Bungo" in the Jesuit records, Sōrin sent political delegations to Goa in the 1550s, and the Tenshō embassy to Rome in 1582.
In addition to fostering relations with the Christians, Yoshishige fought a number of battles over the course of the 1550s, both gaining and consolidating territory. He defeated Kikuchi Yoshimune in 1551, and the warrior monks of Usa five years later; in 1557 he defeated Akizuki Kiyotane and seized Chikuzen Province.
In 1562, Yoshishige adopted the name "Sanbisai Sōrin" upon becoming a Buddhist monk, but remains best known as Ōtomo Sōrin, despite converting to Christianity under the baptismal name Francisco in 1578.
Conflict with Mori
In 1557, Ōuchi Yoshinaga (Sorin's younger brother) was forced to commit suicide by Mōri Motonari, and in 1558 Mori captured Moji castle from the Ouchi.
In September 1559, Ōtomo Sōrin then turned against the Mōri clan. He recaptured Moji castle. The Mōri, led by Kobayakawa Takakage and Ura Munekatsu, quickly took the castle again.
In 1561, Ōtomo Sōrin, in alliance with the Portuguese, laid siege to Moji. Ōtomo led an all-out assault on the castle but failed, and the castle finally remained in Mōri possession.
The head of the Mōri at that time, Mōri Takamoto, was assisted by the Shōgun Ashikaga Yoshiteru, which led to a peace treaty between the clans. To secure peace, Sōrin proposed that his daughter marry Takamoto's son, Mōri Terumoto. It is not clear, however, if this offer was ever followed through.
In 1564, Sōrin was forced to quell a rebellion of the Akizuki clan of Chikuzen province, and then moved against the Ryūzōji clan of Hizen Province, which prompted the interference of the Mōri.
In 1569, Tachibana Dosetsu, a notable vassal of the Ōtomo, was attacked by the Mori. He was defeated and lost his castle. After Sōrin heard of this, he threatened the Mōri foothold in Buzen Province and attacked them at Tatarahama, forcing the Mōri to retreat and allowing him to retake Tachibana castle.
By this time, Sōrin controlled Bungo, most of Buzen, Chikuzen, and Chikugo, and had influence over Hugo, Hizen and Iyo, soon became known as the "Seven-Province Host of the Ōtomo".
Conversion to Christianity
In August 1578, Sōrin was baptized as Christian and given the name Francisco. Sōrin, with the urging of the Jesuits, ordered the destruction of Buddhist temples and Shinto shrines in his domain. He also ordered the forceful evictions of Buddhist monks and Shinto priests from their religious sites which were then reused as Christian structures. He forced his subjects to convert.
Soon after his conversion, Sōrin and a force of samurais traveled to Tsuchimochi in Hyūga with the aim of establishing a new society based on European Christian principles. Sōrin then sent three captains into the area and ordered them to destroy important Shinto temples, which were then burned. After his conversion to near his death, he and his armies attacked multiple other shrines and temples. Although Sōrin attacked temples and shrines before his conversion to Christianity for political or economic factors, an additional factor, an iconoclastic Christian one, was then intertwined with the other motives for desecration.
Conflict with Shimazu
In 1578, Sōrin came into conflict with the Shimazu family led by Shimazu Yoshihisa, the only major daimyō family remaining in control of significant portions of Kyūshū. Sōrin attacked Shimazu Takajo castle, but failed to capture the castle and lost at the Battle of Mimigawa.
In 1585, after Shimazu invasion of Chikuzen Province, Shimazu advanced and captured Iwaya Castle from Otomo's. Later, Sōrin along with the daimyō of the Ryūzōji clan, they appealed to Toyotomi Hideyoshi to aid in holding back the Shimazu, who were beginning to extend their influence over Ōtomo and Ryūzōji lands. Though at first unsuccessful in enlisting Hideyoshi's aid, eventually the Shimazu took up arms against the Ōtomo, Shimazu seize Toshimitsu Castle, Funai Castle and defeated Sōrin at Battle of Hetsugigawa in 1586.
In 1587, Hideyoshi began his Kyūshū Campaign, in which he overtook the entire island, with the help of the Ōtomo and other families which voluntarily entered his service.
Death
In 1587, Hideyoshi left Kyūshū, restoring the Ōtomo to their domains, taken from them by the Shimazu, and arranging a peace, with all three families officially subject to Hideyoshi and holding the domains, now officially Toyotomi lands, in trust. In June 1587, Ōtomo Sōrin died before this campaign was complete, and so it was his son, Ōtomo Yoshimune, who held the ancestral lands upon the defeat of the Shimazu.
Great Pillars of Ōtomo
Kamachi Akimori (1520-1578), He was known as a skilled commander in the battle and serve in all Ōtomo Sorin major campaigns. He died in the Battle of Mimigawa.
Takahashi Shigetane (1548-1586), He began his service beneath the Ōtomo of Bungo Province around this same initial time, with Ōtomo Sōrin as their leader and head. Eventually, Shigetane became the respective controller of the Takahashi clan.
Notable retainers
Tachibana Dōsetsu
Ōtomo Chikasada
Yoshioka Akioki
Tawara Chikataka
Yoshihiro Akimasa
Usuki Akisumi
Ichimata Akizane
Shiga Chikamori
See also
Tachibana Ginchiyo
Myorin
References
Citations
Bibliography
Frederic, Louis (2002). Japan Encyclopedia. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
Sansom, George (1961). A History of Japan: 1334–1615. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.
Turnbull, Stephen (1998). The Samurai Sourcebook. London: Cassell & Co.
External links
Otomo family information
1530 births
1587 deaths
Daimyo
Samurai
Japanese Roman Catholics
Converts to Roman Catholicism from Buddhism | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%8Ctomo%20S%C5%8Drin |
Nathan Troy Calhoun (born September 26, 1966) is an American football coach and former player. He is the head football coach at the United States Air Force Academy, a position he has held since the 2007 season.
Early life and playing career
Calhoun was born in McMinnville, Oregon in 1966, although his family moved to Roseburg, Oregon when Calhoun was just three years old. Calhoun attended Roseburg High School, where he played football under longtime Roseburg coach Thurman Bell. Along with Bell, Calhoun also counts Dayton High coach Dewey Sullivan—a Calhoun family friend—as an early influence.
Calhoun joined the Air Force Academy in 1985, becoming one of just two freshmen to letter on the 1985 Falcons team that finished 12–1.
Coaching career
Assistant coaching
After graduating from the United States Air Force Academy in 1989, Calhoun served on the Air Force coaching staff under Fisher DeBerry as a graduate assistant during the 1989–90 seasons. After serving out his military commitment, he went on to serve as the Falcons' recruiting coordinator and the junior varsity offensive coordinator over the 1993–94 seasons.
In 1995, he moved to Ohio University where he served as the quarterbacks coach for two seasons, and was promoted to offensive coordinator in 1997. During his first season with Ohio, his offense had measurable success, particularly in a game against Eastern Michigan, in which the school totaled 612 yards, second most in school history. The team also captured a win against Maryland in 1997, which was Ohio's first victory over a school from the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC). The following week, Ohio fell three points short of defeating Kansas State. In Calhoun's final year at Ohio in 2000, the offense set a school record with 418.1 yards per game and rushed for a school-best 3,553. The Bobcats also ended the season with wins over two bowl teams, Minnesota and Marshall.
Calhoun became offensive coordinator and quarterbacks coach of Wake Forest University in 2001. During Calhoun's second season, the Demon Deacons led the ACC in total offense with 408.1 yards per game, with a league-best 990 plays and only 16 turnovers.
Calhoun began his NFL career with the Denver Broncos as a defensive assistant in 2003, and later moved to offense and special teams. When Broncos offensive coordinator Gary Kubiak was hired as the Texans' head coach, Kubiak brought Calhoun along and made Calhoun his offensive coordinator and quarterbacks coach. Calhoun finished out the 2006 season with the Texans before taking over at Air Force.
Air Force
Calhoun was hired on December 22, 2006 to be the head football coach for Air Force, replacing DeBerry who retired after 23 years as the Falcons' head coach. In his first season as head coach of the Falcons, he took the team to a 9–3 record, and a spot in the Armed Forces Bowl against Cal. On December 4, 2007, Calhoun was named Mountain West Coach of the Year for 2007.
Head coaching record
References
External links
Air Force profile
1966 births
Living people
American football quarterbacks
Air Force Falcons football coaches
Air Force Falcons football players
Denver Broncos coaches
Houston Texans coaches
National Football League offensive coordinators
Ohio Bobcats football coaches
Wake Forest Demon Deacons football coaches
Sportspeople from McMinnville, Oregon
Players of American football from Roseburg, Oregon
Coaches of American football from Oregon
Military personnel from Oregon | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troy%20Calhoun |
Trinidad and Tobago competed at the Summer Olympic Games for the first time at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London, England. The Trinidad and Tobago Olympic Committee sent five athletes and four officials to represent the nation in three sports. Errol Knowles was the Chef de Mission.
Medalists
Silver
Rodney Wilkes — Weightlifting, Men's Featherweight
Athletics
Men's 100 metres
George Lewis
Men's 200 metres
George Lewis
Men's 800 metres
Wilfred Tull
Men's 1500 metres
Wilfred Tull
Men's 5000 metres
Manny Ramjohn
Men's 10000 metres
Manny Ramjohn
A.E. Browne – Manager/Coach
Cycling
Sprint
Compton Gonsalves
Time trial
Compton Gonsalves — 1:32 (17th place)
Laurie Rogers – Manager/Coach
Weightlifting
Men's Featherweight
Rodney Wilkes — 317.5 kg (silver medal)
Lionel Seemungal – Manager/Coach
References
Nations at the 1948 Summer Olympics
1948
1948 in Trinidad and Tobago | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinidad%20and%20Tobago%20at%20the%201948%20Summer%20Olympics |
The Count Fleet Stakes is an American Thoroughbred horse race run at Aqueduct Racetrack, located in Jamaica, New York, at the beginning of January each year. It is the first stakes race of the year run in New York City for three-year-olds.
Named after Count Fleet, the 1943 Triple Crown winner, the race is open to three-year-olds willing to race one mile and seventy yards on the inner dirt track.
Offering a purse of $65,000 added, the race is a prep to the Whirlaway Stakes, the Gotham Stakes, the Bay Shore Stakes and the Wood Memorial Stakes.
Inaugurated in 1975 as the Count Fleet Handicap at Belmont Park, it was run that year at a distance of one mile. In 1976 it was raced at seven furlongs then from 1977 through 1983 at a mile and a sixteenth. It has been contested at a mile and seventy yards since 1984.
There was no race run in 1982.
Records
Speed record: (at current distance of 1 mile, 70 yards)
1:39.61 – Achilles of Troy (2006)
Most wins by a jockey:
3 – Jorge Velásquez (1975, 1984, 1990)
3 – Richard Migliore (1985, 1988, 2002)
Most wins by a trainer:
2 – John P. Campo (1977, 1991)
Most wins by an owner:
2 – Paraneck Stable (2006, 2007)
Winners
† In 1991, Stately Wager finished first but was disqualified to second.
References
Triple Crown Prep Races
Horse races in New York (state)
1975 establishments in New York (state)
Flat horse races for three-year-olds
Ungraded stakes races in the United States
Recurring sporting events established in 1975
Aqueduct Racetrack | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Count%20Fleet%20Stakes |
The KA postcode area, also known as the Kilmarnock postcode area, is a group of 30 postcode districts in south-west Scotland, within 23 post towns. These cover East Ayrshire, North Ayrshire (including the Isle of Arran) and South Ayrshire.
Coverage
The approximate coverage of the postcode districts:
|-
!KA1
|KILMARNOCK
|Kilmarnock Centre, Bonnyton, Grange, Bellfield, Riccarton, Shortlees, Caprington, Hurlford
|East Ayrshire
|-
!KA2
|KILMARNOCK
|Knockentiber, Crosshouse, Dundonald
|East Ayrshire, South Ayrshire
|-
!KA3
|KILMARNOCK
|Longpark, Hillhead, Knockinlaw, Altonhill, Onthank, Beansburn, Southcraigs, New Farm Loch, Whinpark, Kilmaurs, Stewarton, Dunlop, Lugton, Fullwood, Kingsford, Fenwick, Crookedholm
|East Ayrshire, North Ayrshire
|-
!KA4
|GALSTON
|Galston, Moscow
|East Ayrshire
|-
!KA5
|MAUCHLINE
|Mauchline, Tarbolton, Catrine, Sorn
|East Ayrshire
|-
!KA6
|AYR
|Mossblown, Annbank, Coylton, Dalrymple, Hollybush, Drongan, Rankinston, Patna, Waterside, Dalmellington, Bellsbank
|South Ayrshire, East Ayrshire
|-
!KA7
|AYR
|Ayr Centre, Holmston, Forehill, Belmont, Castlehill, Kincaidson, Alloway, Doonfoot, Masonhill, Dunure
|South Ayrshire
|-
!KA8
|AYR
|Braehead, Newton on Ayr, Woodfield, Heathfield, Whitletts, Lochside, Dalmilling, Craigie, Wallacetown
|South Ayrshire
|-
!KA9
|PRESTWICK
|Prestwick, Monkton
|South Ayrshire
|-
!KA10
|TROON
|Troon, Barassie, Muirhead, Loans
|South Ayrshire
|-
!KA11
|IRVINE
|Perceton, Lawthorn, Girdle Toll, Stanecastle, Bourtreehill, Broomlands, Dreghorn, Springside
|North Ayrshire
|-
!KA12
|IRVINE
|Irvine Centre, Fullarton, Stanecastle
|North Ayrshire
|-
!KA13
|KILWINNING
|Kilwinning
|North Ayrshire
|-
!KA14
|BEITH
|Beith, Glengarnock, Longboat
|North Ayrshire
|-
!KA15
|BEITH
|Beith, Glengarnock, Longboat
|North Ayrshire
|-
!KA16
|NEWMILNS
|Newmilns, Greenholm
|East Ayrshire
|-
!KA17
|DARVEL
|Darvel
|East Ayrshire
|-
!KA18
|CUMNOCK
|Cumnock, Auchinleck, Ochiltree, New Cumnock, Muirkirk, Smallburn, Lugar, Logan
|East Ayrshire
|-
!KA19
|MAYBOLE
|Maybole, Crosshill, Straiton, Kirkoswald
|South Ayrshire
|-
!KA20
|STEVENSTON
|Stevenston
|North Ayrshire
|-
!KA21
|SALTCOATS
|Saltcoats
|North Ayrshire
|-
!KA22
|ARDROSSAN
|Ardrossan, Whitlees, Chapelhill
|North Ayrshire
|-
!KA23
|WEST KILBRIDE
|West Kilbride
|North Ayrshire
|-
!KA24
|DALRY
|Dalry, Drakemyre
|North Ayrshire
|-
!KA25
|KILBIRNIE
|Kilbirnie
|North Ayrshire
|-
!KA26
|GIRVAN
|Girvan, Turnberry, Dailly, Old Dailly, Ballantrae, Colmonell, Barrhill
|South Ayrshire
|-
!KA27
|ISLE OF ARRAN
|Brodick, Lochranza, Machrie, Kilmory, Kildonan, Holy Island
|North Ayrshire
|-
!KA28
|ISLE OF CUMBRAE
|Millport
|North Ayrshire
|-
!KA29
|LARGS
|Largs, Glenside, Fairlie, Kelburn
|North Ayrshire
|-
!KA30
|LARGS
|Largs
|North Ayrshire
|}
Map
See also
Postcode Address File
List of postcode areas in the United Kingdom
References
External links
Royal Mail's Postcode Address File
A quick introduction to Royal Mail's Postcode Address File (PAF)
East Ayrshire
North Ayrshire
South Ayrshire
Postcode areas covering Scotland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KA%20postcode%20area |
Alan Mcilwraith (born 3 March 1978) is a Scottish former call centre worker from Glasgow who was exposed as a military impostor by a tabloid newspaper after he passed himself off as a much-decorated British Army officer.
Exposure
Mcilwraith's double life was exposed by the Scottish tabloid newspaper the Daily Record in an article on 11 April 2006 which described him as "Sir Walter Mitty". The newspaper contacted the British Army and Buckingham Palace during its investigation into Mcilwraith's status, but both denied knowledge of him. An Army spokesperson was quoted by the newspaper as saying, "I can confirm he is a fraud. He has never been an officer, soldier or Army cadet. May I suggest you try the space cadet organisation." Mcilwraith later said that "the lie had just gone too deep, it's like a weed that invades your life. Once it's taken root, there's nothing you can do about it."
In December 2007, the Sunday Mail reported that Mcilwraith had reinvented himself as a magician. When confronted by the Sunday Mail, he said: "I've been very stupid. It was all lies and for that I apologise. I should have stopped lying after I got caught last time but I just really wanted to be taken seriously as a magician. I won't ever do this again."
In June 2009, Mcilwraith received fresh coverage in the Daily Record, which reported that he had been passing himself off as a millionaire property tycoon and charity worker to students at Strathclyde University. The paper also claimed that Mcilwraith had asked some students for disclosure documents and taken their National Insurance numbers and other details after duping them into filling in recruitment forms.
When a journalist from the Record met Mcilwraith at Glasgow Central Station, he was wearing "striking blue" contact lenses. Mcilwraith claimed he was working for an agency that housed asylum seekers, denied passing himself off as a student and said that the stories of his latest tall tales had come from students getting confused after too many drinks. He stated: "I have been trying to recruit people for the company I work for but I have not been trying to do anything other than help. It's true I asked one girl about getting a disclosure but I was genuinely trying to help her along too."
See also
Wikipedia Signpost article describing how the hoax was discovered and removed
Alan McIlwraith's Wikipedia article as of 10 October 2005
Reliability of Wikipedia – This article looks at some of the issues raised by open content editing.
References
External links
"Captain Sir Alan KBE – call-centre worker", The Guardian, 12 April 2006
"CAPTAIN BOGUS", The Mirror, 13 April 2006
The Guardian – My great escape from Glasgow estate: fake army hero tells story, 25 July 2006
Cara Page, "You shall not go to the ball, 'Sir Alan'", The Daily Record, 15 April 2006.
1978 births
Living people
People from Glasgow
Impostors
Hoaxes in the United Kingdom
2005 hoaxes
Internet hoaxes
Wikipedia controversies | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan%20Mcilwraith |
The Comunidade Intermunicipal do Cávado () is an administrative division in northern Portugal. It was created in 2008. It is also a NUTS3 subregion of the Norte Region. The seat of the intermunicipal community is Braga, Norte. Cávado comprises part of the former Braga District. The population in 2011 was 410,169, in an area of , which makes it one of the most densely populated subregions of Portugal. Currently, as of 2021, it has 416.679 inhabitants and a population density of 351 per square kilometres.
Its name is derived from the Cávado River that drains a large part of its territory. It borders the intermunicipal community of Ave and the Metropolitan Area of Porto to the south, Alto Tâmega to the east, Alto Minho to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west.
Municipalities
It is composed of six municipalities:
References
External links
Official website CIM Cávado
Intermunicipal communities of Portugal
Norte Region, Portugal
Minho | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1vado%20%28intermunicipal%20community%29 |
Kyle Michael Shanahan (born December 14, 1979) is an American football coach who is the head coach for the San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League (NFL). He came to prominence as the offensive coordinator for the Atlanta Falcons, whose offense in 2016 led the league in points scored and helped the team reach Super Bowl LI. Shanahan became the head coach of the 49ers the following season, whom he has led to three playoff runs, two division titles, three NFC Championship Games, and a Super Bowl appearance in Super Bowl LIV.
Early life
Shanahan was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, while his father Mike Shanahan coached at the University of Minnesota. He attended Saratoga High School in Saratoga, California in 1994, while his father worked as offensive coordinator for the San Francisco 49ers. He later attended Cherry Creek High School in Greenwood Village, Colorado, while his father served as head coach of the Denver Broncos. Shanahan accepted a scholarship offer by Carl Franks of Duke University, but chose to transfer as redshirt freshman to the University of Texas at Austin. Shanahan played wide receiver on a Longhorn team that featured future college coach Major Applewhite as well as future NFL players Roy Williams, Cedric Benson, Bo Scaife, Mike Williams, Quentin Jammer, and Chris Simms. Shanahan caught 14 passes for 127 yards in his career for the University of Texas at Austin.
Coaching career
College career
Soon after he graduated from Texas in 2003, Shanahan became graduate assistant to Karl Dorrell at UCLA.
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
Shanahan was hired as assistant coach for offensive quality control under head coach Jon Gruden with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in 2004.
Houston Texans
In 2006, Shanahan was hired by Gary Kubiak to serve as wide receivers coach for the Houston Texans. Kubiak had previously served as offensive coordinator under Mike Shanahan with the Broncos. At the time, Kyle Shanahan was the youngest position coach in the NFL. A season later, Shanahan received another promotion to become the Texans quarterback coach. In 2007, he had also been offered to become offensive coordinator at the University of Minnesota, where former Broncos assistant Tim Brewster just became head coach. Shanahan declined, citing his decision to be an NFL coach. Shanahan was immediately dealt as the frontrunner for the vacant offensive coordinator position after Mike Sherman had left the Texans to take over as head coach at Texas A&M University.
On January 11, 2008, Shanahan was officially promoted, becoming the youngest coordinator in the NFL, being more than three years younger than Josh McDaniels of the New England Patriots.
Washington Redskins
In 2010, Shanahan left the Texans to join his father, Mike Shanahan, with the Washington Redskins. The Washington Redskins’ performance during his tenure led some to question whether Shanahan's hiring was an example of unearned nepotism. In 2012, Shanahan was fined $25,000 for insulting the replacement officials and confronting one after a loss to the Cincinnati Bengals. On December 30, 2013, Kyle, along with his father and some of the coaching staff, were fired from the Washington Redskins.
Cleveland Browns
On February 1, 2014, it was reported by media outlets that Shanahan was hired as offensive coordinator for the Cleveland Browns. Prior to his hiring by the Browns, Shanahan interviewed for the vacant offensive coordinator jobs held by the Miami Dolphins and Baltimore Ravens. On January 8, 2015, Shanahan resigned from his offensive coordinator position due to friction with head coach Mike Pettine and possibly how the front office was run.
Atlanta Falcons
On January 18, 2015, the Atlanta Falcons hired Shanahan as their new offensive coordinator. After going 8–8 in 2015, the Falcons' offense under Shanahan was the highest-scoring offense in the league in 2016 and earned an 11–5 record, a division title, and a Super Bowl LI berth against the New England Patriots. Shanahan was named the NFL Assistant Coach of the Year for the 2016 season.
During Super Bowl LI, the Falcons held a 28–3 lead over the Patriots, in part thanks to Shanahan's play-calling and the Falcons' execution of those plays. However, Shanahan was criticized for being too aggressive by not using a ball-control running attack late in the game which resulted in the Falcons losing by a score of 34–28 in overtime.
San Francisco 49ers
On February 6, 2017, one day after the Super Bowl, Shanahan was officially hired as the next head coach of the San Francisco 49ers, signing a six-year deal.
2017 season
Shanahan won his first preseason game 27–17 against the Kansas City Chiefs on August 11, 2017. However, the 49ers had begun the season 0–9. On November 12, 2017, Shanahan won his first regular-season game against the New York Giants by a score of 31–21. Three weeks later, he led the 49ers to a 15–14 victory over the Chicago Bears, which marked the first start for quarterback Jimmy Garoppolo as a 49er. On December 31, 2017, the last day of the 2017 NFL regular season, Shanahan and the 49ers defeated the Los Angeles Rams 34–13, ending the season on a five-game win streak and winning six out of the last seven games.
2018 season
The 49ers managed to win only four games in 2018. The team was impacted by an early season-ending torn ACL to starting quarterback Garoppolo. Garoppolo's injury was immediately viewed as ruining the 49ers hopes for the season, despite Shanahan's optimistic outlook on Garoppolo's replacement, C. J. Beathard.
2019 season
The 49ers won their first eight games of the 2019 season, making Shanahan only the third coach, along with Tom Landry and Marvin Lewis to begin 8–0 after an earlier 0–8 season start. The 49ers finished the regular season with a 13–3 record, winning the NFC West division title and securing the #1 seed which gave the team home-field advantage throughout the playoffs.
The 49ers defeated the Minnesota Vikings 27–10 in the Divisional Round and advanced to the NFC Championship, where they beat the Green Bay Packers 37–20 and advanced to Super Bowl LIV, where they lost to the Kansas City Chiefs 31–20.
2020 season
On June 15, 2020, the 49ers signed Shanahan to a new six-year contract extension through the 2025 season. Shanahan was fined $100,000 by the NFL for not properly wearing a face mask, as required for coaches during the COVID-19 pandemic, during a Week 2 game in the 2020 NFL season on September 21, 2020. The 49ers suffered multiple injuries to key starters throughout the season and missed the playoffs, finishing the season with a 6–10 record.
2021 season
Shanahan was fined $50,000 by the NFL on July 1, 2021, for violating practice rules during organized team activities. After starting the season 3–5, the 49ers won seven of their last nine games to finish 10–7 and enter the postseason as a wild card team. The 49ers defeated the Dallas Cowboys 23–17 in the Wild Card Round and defeated the Green Bay Packers 13–10 in the Divisional Round, before losing 20–17 in the NFC Championship to the eventual Super Bowl Champion Los Angeles Rams.
2022 season
In the 2022 season, Shanahan led the 49ers to a 13–4 regular season mark, which earned the team the NFC West title and the #2 seed in the NFC for the postseason. The 49ers accomplished their regular season success in spite of injuries to Trey Lance and Jimmy Garoppolo. The emergence of rookie Brock Purdy as the team's starting quarterback in the latter part of the season contributed to the team's success. Shanahan helped lead the 49ers to a third NFC Championship appearance in four seasons following victories over the Seattle Seahawks in the Wild Card Round and the Dallas Cowboys in the Divisional Round. In the NFC Championship against the Philadelphia Eagles, the 49ers were forced to substitute Josh Johnson in for an injured Purdy. Johnson eventually went down to injury as well. Purdy was ineffective due to his injury but finished the game. The Eagles won 31–7.
Head coaching record
Personal life
Shanahan and his wife have three children, Stella, Carter and Lexi.
References
External links
Coaching record at Pro-Football-Reference.com
San Francisco 49ers bio
1979 births
Living people
American football wide receivers
American Roman Catholics
Atlanta Falcons coaches
Cleveland Browns coaches
Houston Texans coaches
National Football League offensive coordinators
San Francisco 49ers head coaches
Sports coaches from Minneapolis
Tampa Bay Buccaneers coaches
Texas Longhorns football players
UCLA Bruins football coaches
Players of American football from Minneapolis | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyle%20Shanahan |
Standard components is a food technology term, when manufacturers buy in a standard component they would use a pre-made product in the production of their food.
They help products to be the same in consistency, they are quick and easy to use in batch production of food products.
Some examples are pre-made stock cubes, marzipan, icing, ready made pastry.
Usage
Manufacturers use standard components as they save time and sometimes cost a lot less and it also helps with consistency in products.
If a manufacturer is to use a standard component from another supplier it is essential that a precise and accurate specification is produced by the manufacturer so that the component meets the standards set by the manufacturer.
Advantages
Saves preparation time.
Fewer steps in the production process
Less effort and skill required by staff
Less machinery and equipment needed
Good quality
Saves money from all aspects
Can be bought in bulk
High-quality consistency
Food preparation is hygienic
Disadvantages
Have to rely on other manufacturers to supply products
Fresh ingredients may taste better
May require special storage conditions
Less reliable than doing it yourself
Cost more to make
Can't control the nutritional value of the product
There is a larger risk of cross contamination.
GCSE food technology
References
Food Technology Nelson Thornes, 2001 pg. 144
Components
Food industry
Food ingredients | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard%20components%20%28food%20processing%29 |
County Route 552 (CR 552) is a county highway in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The highway extends from Laurel Street (Cumberland County Route 606) in Bridgeton to Harding Highway (U.S. Route 40) in Hamilton Township.
Route description
CR 552 begins at an intersection with CR 606 in Bridgeton, Cumberland County, heading east on two-lane undivided Irving Avenue. At the next intersection, the route crosses Route 77 and passes homes and businesses, crossing a Winchester and Western Railroad line before reaching intersections with CR 669 and CR 638 in more residential surroundings. A short distance after the CR 638 intersection, the road crosses into Upper Deerfield Township and enters more rural areas of development, turning east into a mix of farms and woods at the CR 654 junction. CR 552 crosses CR 553 before entering Deerfield Township, where the route intersects CR 675 and CR 705. The road enters more forested areas before passing homes as it intersects CR 682, CR 634, and CR 608. At this point, CR 552 turns to the northeast onto Sherman Avenue and passes farms to the north and forests to the south, reaching junctions with CR 717 and CR 636.
The route curves east into forested areas as it enters Vineland and crosses the Maurice River. CR 552 reaches an interchange with the Route 55 freeway before passing Inspira Medical Center Vineland and crossing CR 628. The road heads through a mix of woods and businesses as it comes to the Route 47 junction. From here, the route passes a mix of farms, woods, and homes as it intersects CR 615 at the crossing of Conrail Shared Assets Operations' Vineland Secondary. CR 552 continues through more wooded areas of homes as it crosses CR 555 and CR 655, turning southeast at the intersection with the latter. The route turns south at the CR 673 junction and passes through forests as it comes to an intersection with CR 552 Spur. At this point, CR 552 turns east-northeast onto Mays Landing Road and continues through dense forest with some homes, crossing CR 671 and turning east. After crossing the Manumuskin River, the road heads into Maurice River Township and runs through more rural areas.
CR 552 enters Buena Vista Township in Atlantic County and heads northeast through wooded areas with residences as Broad Street, crossing CR 557 and the Beesleys Point Secondary railroad line operated by the Cape May Seashore Lines railroad. The road continues into Hamilton Township and heads east into forested areas with a few areas of homes. CR 552 continues east to its terminus at an intersection with US 40 in commercial areas.
Major intersections
Special routes
County Route 552 Spur extends from Third Street (CR 555) in Millville to Sherman Avenue (CR 552) in Vineland.
See also
References
External links
New Jersey 5xx Routes (Dan Moraseski)
552
552
552 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County%20Route%20552%20%28New%20Jersey%29 |
Self-referential encoding is a method of organizing information in one's memory in which one interprets incoming information in relation to oneself, using one's self-concept as a background. Examples include being able to attribute personality traits to oneself or to identify recollected episodes as being personal memories of the past. The implications of self-referential processing are evident in many psychological phenomena. For example, the "cocktail party effect" notes that people attend to the sound of their names even during other conversation or more prominent, distracting noise. Also, people tend to evaluate things related to themselves more positively (This is thought to be an aspect of implicit self-esteem). For example, people tend to prefer their own initials over other letters. The self-reference effect (SRE) has received the most attention through investigations into memory. The concepts of self-referential encoding and the SRE rely on the notion that relating information to the self during the process of encoding it in memory facilitates recall, hence the effect of self-reference on memory. In essence, researchers have investigated the potential mnemonic properties of self-reference.
Research includes investigations into self-schema, self-concept and self-awareness as providing the foundation for self-reference's role in memory. Multiple explanations for the self-reference effect in memory exist, leading to a debate about the underlying processes involved in the self-reference effect. In addition, through the exploration of the self-reference effect, other psychological concepts have been discovered or supported, including simulation theory and the group reference effect.
After researchers developed a concrete understanding of the self-reference effect, many expanded their investigations to consider the self-reference effect in particular groups like those with autism spectrum disorders or those experiencing depression.
Self-concept and self-schema
Self-knowledge can be categorized by structures in memory or schemata. A self-schema is a set of facts or beliefs that one has about themselves. For any given trait, an individual may or may not be "schematic"; that is, the individual may or may not think about themselves as to where they stand on that trait. For example, people who think of themselves as very overweight or who identify themselves to a greater extent based on their body weight would be considered "schematic" on the attribute of body weight. Thus, many everyday events, such as going out for a meal or discussing a friend's eating habits, could induce thoughts about the self. When people relate information to something that has to do with the self, it facilitates memory. Self-descriptive adjectives that fit into one's self-schema are easier to remember than adjectives not viewed as related to the self. Thus, the self-schema is an aspect of oneself that is used as an encoding structure that brings upon memory of information consistent with one's self-schema. Memories that are elaborate and well encoded are usually the result of self-referent correlations during the process of remembering. During the process of encoding, trait representations are encoded in long term memory either directly or indirectly. When they are directly encoded, it is in terms of relating to the self, and when it is indirectly encoded it is done through spouts of episodic information instead of information about the self.
Self-schema is often used as somewhat of a database for encoding personal data. The self-schema is also used by paying selective attention to outside information and internalizing that information more deeply in one's memory depending on how much that information relates to their schema. When self-schema is engaged, traits that go along with one's view of themselves are better remembered and recalled. These traits are also often recalled much better when processed with respect to the self. Similarly, items that are encoded with the self are based on one's self-schema. Processing the information should balance out when recalled for individuals who have a self-schema that goes along with the information.
Self-schemas do not necessarily only involve individual traits. People self-categorize at different levels that range from more personal to more social. Self-schemas have three main categories which play a role: the personal self, the relational self, and the collective self. The personal self deals with individual level characteristics, the relational self deals with intimate relationship partners, and the collective self deals with group identities, relating to self-important social groups to which one belongs (e.g., one's family or university). Information that is related to any type of self-schema, including group-related knowledge structures facilitates memory.
In order for the self to be an effective encoding mechanism, it must be a uniform, consistent, well-developed schema. It has been shown that identity exploration leads to the development of self-knowledge which facilitates self-judgments. Identity exploration led to shorter decision times, higher confidence ratings and more intrusions in memory tasks. Previous researchers hypothesized that words compatible with a person's self-schema are easily accessible in memory and are more likely than incompatible words to intrude on a schema-irrelevant memory task. In one experiment, when participants were asked to decide if certain adjectives were "like me" or "not like me," they made the decisions faster when the words were compatible with their self-schema.
However, despite the existence of the self-reference effect when considering schemata consistent adjectives, the connection between the self and memory can lead to a larger number of mistakes in recognition, commonly referred to as false alarms. Rogers et al. (1979) found that people are more likely to falsely recognize adjectives they had previously designated to be self-descriptive. Expanding on this, Strube et al. (1986) found that false alarms occurred more for self-schema consistent content, presumably because the presence of such words in the schema makes them more accessible in memory.
In addition to investigating the self-reference effect in regards to schemata consistent information, Strube et al. discussed how counter schemata information relates to this framework. They noted that the pattern of making correct decisions more rapidly did not hold when considering words that countered a person's self-schema, presumably because they were difficult to integrate into memory due to lack of a preexisting structure. That is, they lacked the organizational structure of encoding because they did not fall into the "like me" category, and elaboration would not work because prior connections to the adjective did not exist.
Self-awareness and personality
Two of the most common functions of the self receiving significant attention in research are the self-acting to organize the individual's understanding of the social environment, and the self functioning to regulate behavior through self-evaluation. The concept of self-awareness is considered to be the foundational principle for both functions of the self. Some research presents self-awareness in terms of self-focused attention whereas Hull and Levy suggest that self-awareness refers to the encoding of information based on its relevance to the self. Based on the latter interpretation of self-awareness, individuals must identify the aspects of situations that are relevant to themselves and their behavior will be shaped accordingly. Hull and Levy suggest that self-awareness corresponds to the encoding of information cued by self-symbolic stimuli, and examine the idea of self-awareness as a method of encoding. They structured an investigation that examined self-referent encoding in individuals with different levels of self-awareness, predicting that individuals with higher levels of self-consciousness would encode self-relevant information more deeply than other information, and that they would encode it more deeply than individuals with low levels of self-consciousness. The results of their investigation supported their hypothesis that self-focused attention is not enough to explain the role of self-awareness on attribution. Their results suggest that self-awareness leads to increased sensitivity to the situationally defined meanings of behavior, and therefore organizes the individual's understanding of the social environment. The research presented by Hull and Levy led to future research on the encoding of information associated with self-awareness.
In later research, Hull and colleagues examined the associations between self-referential encoding, self-consciousness and the extent to which a stimulus is consistent with self-knowledge. They first assumed that the encoding of a stimulus is facilitated if an individual's working memory already contains information consistent with the stimulus, and suggested that self-consciousness as an encoding mechanism relies on an individual's self-knowledge. It is known that situational and dispositional factors may activate certain pools of knowledge, moving them into working memory, and guiding the processing of certain stimulus information.
In order to better understand the idea of activating information in memory, Hull et al. presented an example of how information is activated. They referred to the sentence "The robber took the money from the bank". In English, the word bank has two applicable meanings in the context of this sentence (monetary institution and river shore). However, the monetary institution meaning of the word is more highly activated in this context due to the addition of the words robber and money to the sentence, because they are associatively relevant and therefore pull the monetary institution definition for bank into working memory. Once information is added to working memory, meanings and associations are more easily drawn. Therefore, the meaning of this example sentence is almost universally understood.
In reference to self-consciousness and self-reference, the connection between self-consciousness and self-referent encoding relies on such information activation. Research suggests that self-consciousness activates knowledge relating to the self, thereby guiding the processing of self-relevant information. Three experiments conducted by Hull and colleagues provided evidence that a manipulation of accessible self-knowledge impacts self-referent encoding based on the self-relevance of such information, individual differences in the accessibility of self-knowledge (self-consciousness) impacts perception, and a mediation relationship exists between self-consciousness and individual differences in self-referential encoding.
Similar to how self-awareness impacts the availability of self-knowledge and the encoding of self-relevant information, through the development of the self-schema, people develop and maintain certain personality characteristics leading to a variety of behavior patterns. Research has been done on the differences between Type A and Type B behavior patterns, focusing on how people in each group respond to environmental information and their interpretation of the performance of others and themselves. It has been found that Type A behavior is characterized by competitive achievement striving, time urgency and hostility, whereas Type B is usually defined as an absence of Type A characteristics. When investigating causal attributions for hypothetical positive and negative outcomes, Strube et al. found that Type A individuals were more self-serving, in that they took greater responsibility for positive than negative effects. Strube and colleagues argued that this could be a result of the fact that schema-consistent information is more easily remembered and the ease with which past successes and failures are recalled, determined by self-schema, would impact attributions. It is reasonable to believe that Type A's might recall successes more easily and hence be more self-serving.
Theoretical background
Influential psychologists Craik and Lockhart laid the groundwork for research focused on self-referential encoding and memory. In 1972 they proposed their Depth of Processing framework which suggests that memory retention depends on how the stimulus material was encoded in memory. Their original research considered structural, phonemic, and semantic encoding tasks, and showed that semantic encoding is the best method to aid in recall. They asked participants to rate 40 descriptive adjectives on one of four tasks; Structural (Big font or small font?), Phonemic (Rhymes with xxx?), Semantic (Means same as xxx?), or Self-reference (Describes you?). This was then followed by an "incidental recall task". This is where participants are asked, without prior warning, to recall as many of the words they had seen as possible within a given time limit. Craik and Tulving's original experiment showed that structural and phonemic tasks lead only to "shallow" encoding, while the semantic tasks lead to "deep" encoding and resulted in better recall.
However, in 1977, it was shown that self-relevant or self-descriptive encoding leads to even better recall than semantic tasks. Experts suggest that the call on associative memory required by semantic tasks is what provides the advantage over structural or phonemic tasks, but is not enough to surpass the benefit provided by self-referential encoding. The fact that self-reference was shown to be a stronger memory encoding method than semantic tasks is what led to more significant interest in the field One early and significant experiment aimed to place self-reference on Craik and Lockhart's depth of processing hierarchy, and suggested that self-reference was a more beneficial encoding method than semantic tasks. In this experiment, participants filled out self-ratings on 84 adjectives. Months later, these participants were revisited and were randomly shown 42 of those words. They then had to select the group of 42 "revisited" words out of the total original list. The researchers argued that if the "self" was involved in memory retrieval, participants would incorrectly recognize words that were more self-descriptive In another experiment, subjects answered yes or no to cue questions about 40 adjective in 4 tasks (structural, phonemic, semantic and self-referential) and later had to recall the adjectives. This experiment validated the strength of self-reference as an encoding method, and indicated it developed a stronger memory trace than the semantic task.
Researchers are implementing a new strategy by developing different encoding tasks that enhance memory very similarly to self-referential encoding. Symons (1990) had findings that went against the norm when he was unable to find evidence of self-schematicity in the self-reference effect. Another finding was that when referencing gender and religion, there was a low memory recall when compared with referencing the self. A meta-analysis by Symons and Johnson (1997) showed self-reference resulting in better memory in comparison to tasks relying on semantic encoding or other-referent encoding. According to Symons and Johnson, self-referencing questions elicit elaboration and organization in memory, both of which creating a deeper encoding and thus facilitate memory.
Theorists that favor the view that the self has a special role believe that the self leads to more in depth processing, leading to easier recall during self-reference tasks. Theorists also promote the self-schema as being one of the sole inhibitors that allow for recall from deep memory. Thorndyke and Hayes-Roth had the goal of focusing on the process made by the active memory schemata. Sex-typed individuals recall trait adjectives that go along with their sex role more quickly than trait adjectives that are not. During the process of free recall, these individuals also showed more patterns for gender clustering than other sexually typed individuals.
Types of self-referential encoding tasks
As research on self-referential encoding became more prolific, some psychologists took an opportunity to delineate specific self-referential encoding tasks. It is noted that descriptive tasks are those that require participants to determine if a stimulus word can be classified as "self-descriptive." Autobiographical tasks are those that require participants to use the stimulus word as a cue to recall an autobiographical memory. Results from experiments that differentiated between these types of self-referential encoding found that they both produced better recall than semantic tasks, and neither was more advantageous than the other. However, research does suggest that the two types of self-referential encoding do rely on different processes to facilitate memory. In most experiments discussed, these types of self- referential encoding were not differentiated.
In a typical self-reference task, adjectives are presented and classified as either self-descriptive or not. For example, in a study by Dobson and Shaw, adjectives about the self that were preselected were given to the participants and they decide whether or not the adjectives are self-descriptive. The basis for making certain judgments, decisions, inferences and decisions is a self-referent encoding task. If two items are classified as self-descriptive there is no reason one trait would not be equally as easy to retrieve as the other on a self-reference task.
Explanations for the self-reference effect
While a significant amount of research supports the existence of the self-reference effect, the processes behind it are not well understood. However, multiple hypotheses have been introduced, and two main arguments have been developed: the elaborative processing hypothesis and the organizational processing hypothesis. Encodings in reference to the self are so elaborate because of the information one has about the self. Information encoded with the self is better remembered than information encoded with reference to something else.
Elaboration
Elaboration refers to the encoding of a single word by forming connections between it and other material already stored in memory. By creating these connections between the stimulus word and other material already in memory, multiple routes for retrieval of the stimulus word are formed. Based on the depth of processing framework, memory retention increases as elaboration during encoding increases. The Elaborative Processing Hypothesis would suggest that any encoding task that leads to the development of the most trace elaboration or associations is the best for memory retention. Additional research on the depth of processing hierarchy suggests that self-reference is the superior method of information encoding. The elaborative hypothesis would suggest this is because self-reference creates the most elaborate trace, due to the many links that can be made between the stimulus and information about the self already in memory.
Organization
The organizational processing hypothesis was proposed by Klein and Kihlstrom. This hypothesis suggests that encoding is best prompted by considering stimulus words in relation to one another. This thought process and relational thinking creates word to word associations. These inter-item associations are paths in memory that can be used during retrieval. Also, the category labels that define the relations between stimulus items can be used as item cues. Evidence of the organizational component of encoding is demonstrated through the clustering of words during recall. Word clustering during recall indicates that relational information was used to store the words in memory. Rogers, Kuiper and Kirker showed that self-referential judgments were more likely to encourage organization than semantic ones. Therefore, they suggested the self-reference effect was likely due to the organizational processing endured by self-referential encoding.
Structural, phonemic and semantic tasks within the depth of processing paradigm require words to be considered individually, and lend themselves to an elaborative approach. As such, it can be argued that self-referential encoding is superior because it leads to an indirect division of words into categories: words that describe me versus words that do not. Due to this connection between self-reference and organizational processing, further research has been done on this area. Klein and Kihlstrom's research suggests first that, like previous research, self-reference led to better recall than semantic and structural encoding. Second, they found that self-referentially encoded words were more clustered in recall than words from other tasks, suggesting higher levels of organizational processing. From this they concluded that the organization, not encoding task, is what makes self-referential encoding superior
Dual process
Psychologists Einstein and Hunt showed that both elaborative processing and organizational processing facilitate recall. However, their research argues that the effectiveness of either approach depends on how related the stimulus words are to one another. A list of highly related stimulus words would be better encoded using the elaborative method. The relations between the words would be evident to subjects; therefore, they would not gain any additional pathways for retrieval by encoding the words based on their categorical membership. Instead, the other information gained through elaborative processing would be more beneficial. On the other hand, a list of stimulus words with little relation would be better stored to memory through the organizational method. Since the words have no obvious connection to one another, subjects would likely encode them individually, using an elaborative approach. Since relational information wouldn't be readily detected, focusing on it would add to memory by creating new traces for retrieval. Superior recall was better explained by a combination of elaboration and organization.
Ultimately, the exact processes behind self-referential encoding that makes it superior to other encoding tasks are still under debate. Research suggests that if elaborative processing is behind self-referential encoding, a self-referential task should have the same effect as an elaborative task, whereas if organizational processing underlies the self-reference effect self-referential encoding tasks should function like organizational tasks. To test this, Klein and Loftus ran a 3x2 study testing organizational, elaborative and self-referential encoding with lists of 30 related or unrelated words. When participants were asked to memorize the unrelated list, recall and clustering were higher for the organizational task, which produced almost equal results to the self-referential task, suggesting that has an organizational basis. For the list of related words, the elaborative task led to better recall and had matched results to the self-reference task, suggesting an elaborative basis. This research, then, suggests that the self-reference effect cannot be explained by a single type of processing. Instead, self-referential encoding must lead to information in memory that incorporates item specific and relational information.
Overall, the SRE relies on the unique mnemonic aspects of the self. Ultimately, if the research is suggesting that the self has superior elaborative or organizational properties, information related to the self should be more easily remembered and recalled. The research presented suggests that self-referential encoding is superior because it promotes organization and elaboration simultaneously, and provides self-relevant categories that promote recall.
Social brain science
The field of social brain science is aimed at examining the neural foundations of social behavior. Neuroimaging and neuropsychology have led to the examination of neuroanatomy and its connection to psychological topics. Through this research, neuropsychologists have found a connection between social cognitive functioning and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). In addition, the mPFC has been connected to reflection and introspection about personal mental states. Supporting these findings, it has been shown that damage to the mPFC is connected to impairments with self-reflection, introspection and daydreaming, as well as social competence, but not other areas of functioning. As such, the mPFC has been connected to self-referential processing.
The research discussed by those focusing on the neuroanatomy of self-referential processing included similar tasks to the memory and depth of processing research discussed previously. When participants were asked to judge adjectives based in whether or not they were self-descriptive, it was noted that the more self-relevant the trait, the stronger the activation of the mPFC. In addition, it was shown that the mPFC was activated during the appraisal of one's own personality traits, as well as during trait retrieval. One study showed that the more activity in the mPFC during self-referential judgments, the more likely the word was to be remembered on a subsequent surprise memory test. These results suggest that the mPFC is involved in both self-referential processing and in creating self-relevant memories.
Medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) activation occurs during processing of self-relevant information. When self-referent judgment is more relatable and less negative, the mFPC is activated. Finding support clear cut circuits that have high levels of activation when cognitive and emotional aspects of self-reflection are present. The caudate nucleus has not been associated with self-reference before, however, Fossati and colleagues found activity while participants were retrieving self-relevant trait adjectives. The ventral anterior cingulate cortex (vACC) is also a part of the brain that becomes activated when there are signs of self-referencing and processing. The vACC is activated when self-descriptive information is negative. There is also pCC (posterior cingulate cortex) activity seen in neuroimaging studies during self-referential processing.
Depth of processing or cognitive structure
Given all of the neurological support for the effect of self-reference on encoding and memory, there is still a debate in the psychological community about whether or not the self-reference effect signifies a special functional role played by the self in cognition. Generally, this question is met by people that have two opposing views on the processes behind self-reference. On one side of the debate, people believe that the self has special mnemonic abilities because it is a unique cognitive structure. On the other side, people support the arguments described above that suggest there is no special structure, but instead, the self-reference effect is simply a part of the standard depth of processing hierarchy. Since the overall hypothesis is the same for both sides of the debate, that self-relevant material leads to enhanced memory, it is difficult to test them using strictly behavioral measures. Therefore, PET and fMRI scans have been used to see the neural marker of self-referential mental activity.
Previous studies have shown that areas of the left prefrontal cortex are activated during semantic encoding. Therefore, if the self-reference effect works the same way, as part of the depth of processing hierarchy, the same brain region should be activated when judging traits related to the self. However, if the self has unique mnemonic properties, then self-referential tasks should activate brain regions distinct from those activated during semantic tasks. The field is still at is infancy, but future work on this hypothesis might help to settle the debate about the underlying processes of self-referential encoding.
Simulation theory
While not able to completely settle the debate over the foundation of self-referential processing, studies on the neurological aspect of personality trait judgments did lead to a related, significant result. It has been shown that judging personality traits about oneself and a close friend activated overlapping brain regions, and the activated regions have all been implicated in self-reference. Noting the similarity between making self-judgments and judgments about close others led to the introduction of the simulation theory of empathy. Simulation theory rests on the idea that one can make inferences about others by using the knowledge they have about themselves. In essence, the theory suggests that people use self-reflection to understand or predict the mental state of others. The more similar a person perceives another to be, the more active the mPFC has shown to be, suggesting more deep or intricate self-reference. However, this effect can cause people to make inaccurate judgments about others or to believe that their own opinions are representative of others in general. This misrepresentation is referred to as the false-consensus effect.
Expansion of the SRE: group reference
In addition to simulation theory, other expansions of the self-reference effect have been examined. Through studying the self, researchers have found that the self consists of many independent cognitive representations. For example, the personal self composed of individual characteristics is separate from the relational self which is based on relationships with significant others. These two forms of self are again separate from the collective self which corresponds to a particular group identity. Noting the existence of the collective self and the different group identities that combine to form such a self-representation led researchers to question if information stored in reference to a social group identity has the same effects in memory as information stored in reference to the individual self. In essence, researchers questioned if the self-reference effect can be extended to include situations where the self is more socially defined, producing a group-reference effect.
Previous research supports the idea that the group-reference effect should exist from a theoretical standpoint. First, the self-expansion model argues that individuals incorporate characteristics of their significant others (or other in-group members into the development of their self-concept. From this model, it is reasonable to conclude that characteristics that are common to both oneself and their significant others (or in-group members) would be more accessible. Second, the previous research discussed suggests that the self-reference effect is due to some combination of organizational, elaborative, mental cueing or evaluative properties of self-referential encoding tasks. Given that we have significant stores of knowledge about our social identities, and such collective identities provide an organizational framework, it is reasonable to assume that a group-reference task would operate similar to that of a self-reference task.
In order to test these claims, Johnson and colleagues aimed to test whether the self-reference effect generalized to group level identities. Their first study was structured to simply assess if group-reference influenced subsequent memory. In their experiment, they used membership at a particular university as the group of reference. They included group-reference, self-reference and semantic tasks. The experiment replicated the self-reference effect, consistent with previous research. In addition, evidence for a group-reference effect was found. Group-referenced encoding produced better recall than the semantic tasks, and the level of recall from the group-referenced task was not significantly different from the self-referenced task.
Despite finding evidence of a group-reference effect, Johnson and colleagues pointed out that people identify with numerous groups, each with unique characteristics. Therefore, in order to reach conclusive evidence of a group-reference effect, alternative group targets need to be considered. In a second experiment by Johnson et al., the group of reference was modified to be the family of the individual. This group has fewer exemplars than the pool of university students, and affective considerations of the family as a group should be strong. No specific instructions or definitions were provided for family, allowing individuals to consider either the group as a whole (prototype) or specific exemplars (group). When the experiment was repeated using family as the group of reference, group-reference produced recall as much as self-reference. The mean number of recall for the group-reference was higher than self-reference. Participants indicated that they considered both the prototype and individual exemplars when responding to the questions, suggesting that the magnitude of the group-reference effect might not be dependent on the number of exemplars in the target group.
Both experiments presented by Johnson et al. found evidence for the group-reference effect. However, these conclusions are limited to the target groups of university students and family. Other research included gender (males and females) and religion (Jewish) as the reference groups and the group-reference effect on memory was not as evident. The group-reference recall for these two groups was not significantly more advantageous than the semantic task. Questioning what characteristics of reference groups that lead to the group-reference effect, a meta-analysis of all four group-reference conditions was performed. This analysis found that self-reference emerged as the most powerful encoding device; however, evidence was found to support the existence of a group-reference effect. The size of the reference groups and number of specific, individual exemplars was hypothesized to influence the existence of the group-reference effect. In addition, accessibility and level of knowledge about group members may also impact such an effect. So, while university students is a much larger group than family, individual exemplars may be more readily accessible than those in a religious group. Similarly, different cognitive representations were hypothesized to influence the group-reference effect. When a larger group is considered, people may be more likely to consider a prototype which may lead to fewer elaborations and cues later on. Smaller groups may lead to relying on the prototype and specific exemplars. Finally, desirability judgments that influence later processing may be influenced by self-reference and certain group-reference tasks. Individuals may be more sensitive to evaluative implications for the personal self and some group identities, but not others.
Groups are also a major part of the self; therefore we attribute the role that different groups play in our self-concept also play a role in the self-reference effect. We process information about group members similarly to how we process for ourselves. Recall of remarks referencing our home and our self and group to familiarity of those aspects of our self. Reference to the self and social group and the identity that comes along with being a part of a social group are equally affective for memory. This is especially true when the groups are small, rather than large.
Ultimately, the group-reference effect provides evidence to explain the tendency to notice or pay attention to and remember statements made in regard to our home when traveling in a foreign place. Considering the proposal that groups form part of the self, this phenomenon can be considered an extension of the self-reference effect. Similar to the memorable nature of references to a person's individual self, references to social identities are seemed to be privileged in memory as well.
Applications
Once the foundation of research on self-referential encoding was established, psychologists began to explore how the concept applied to different groups of people, and connected to different phenomena.
Autism spectrum disorder
Individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) can display a wide range of symptoms. Some of the most common characteristics of individuals with ASDs include impairments with social functioning, language and communication difficulties, repetitive behaviors and restricted interests. In addition, it is often noted that these individuals are more "self-focused." That is, they have difficulty seeing things from another's perspective. Despite being self-focused, though, research has shown that individuals with ASD's often have difficulty identifying or describing their emotions or the emotions of others. When asked to describe their daily experiences, responses from individuals on the autism spectrum tended to focus more on physical descriptions rather than mental and emotional states. In regards to their social interactions and behavior differences, it is thought that these individuals lack top down control, and therefore, their bottom up decisions remain unchecked. This simply suggests that these individuals cannot use their prior knowledge and memory to make sense of new input, but instead react to each new input individually, compelling them to make a whole picture
Noting the difficulty individuals with ASDs experience with self-awareness, it was thought that they might have difficulty with self-related memory processes. Psychologists questioned if these individuals would show the typical self-reference effect in memory. In one Depth of Processing Study, participants were asked questions about the descriptiveness of certain stimulus words. However, unlike previous DOP studies that focused on phonemic, structural, semantic and self-referential tasks, the tasks were altered for this experiment. To test the referential abilities of individuals with ASD's, the encoding tasks were divided into: "the self," asking to what extent a stimulus word described oneself, "similar close other," asking to what extent a stimulus word was descriptive of one's best friend, "dissimilar non-close other," asking to what extent a stimulus word was descriptive of Harry Potter, and a control group that was asked to determine the number of syllables in each word. Following these encoding tasks, participants were given thirty minutes before a surprise memory task. It was found that individuals with ASD's had no impairment in memory for words encoded in the syllable or dissimilar non-close other condition. However, they had decreased memory for words related to the self.
Therefore, while research suggests that self-referentially encoded information is encoded more deeply than other information, the research on individuals with ASD's showed no advantage for memory recognition with self-reference tasks over semantic encoding tasks. This suggests that individuals with ASD's don't preferentially encode self-relevant information. Psychologists have investigated the biological basis for the decreased self-reference effect among individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders and have suggested that it may be due to less specialized neural activity in the mPFC for those individuals. However, while individuals with ASD's showed smaller self-reference effects than the control group, some evidence of a self-reference effect was evident in some cases. This indicates that self-referent impairments are a matter of degree, not total absence.
Lombardo and his colleagues measured empathy among individuals with ASD's, and showed that these individuals scored lower than the control group on all empathy measures. This may be a result of the difficulty for these individuals to understand or take the perspective of others, in conjunction with their difficulty identifying emotions. This has implications for simulation theory, because these individuals are unable to use their self-knowledge to make conclusions about similar others.
Ultimately, the research suggests that people with ASD's might benefit from being more self-focused. The better their ability to reflect on themselves, the better the can mentalize with others.
Depression
There are three possible relations between cognitive processes and anxiety and depression. The first is whether cognitive processes are actually caused by the onset of clinically diagnosed symptoms of major depression or just generalized sadness or anxiousness. The second is whether emotional disorders such as depression and anxiety are able to be considered as caused by cognitions. And the third is whether different specific cognitive processes are able to be considered associates of different disorders. Kovacs and Beck (1977) posited a schematic model of depression where an already depressed self was primed by outside prompts that negatively impacted cognitive illusions of the world in the eye of oneself. These prompts only led participants to a more depressive series of emotions and behavior. The results from the study done by Derry and Kuiper supported Beck's theory that a negative self-schema is present in people, especially those with depressive disorder. Depressed individuals attribute depressive adjectives to themselves more than nondepressive adjectives. Those suffering from a more mild case of depression have trouble deciphering between the traits of themselves and others which results in a loss of their self-esteem and their negative self-evaluation. A depressive schema is what causes the negativity reported by those suffering from depression. Kuiper and Derry found that self-referent recall enhancement was limited only to nondepressed content.
Generally, self-focus is association with negative emotions. In particular private self-focus is more strongly associated with depression than public self-focus. Results from brain-imaging studies shows
that during self-referential processing, those with major depressive disorder show greater activation in the medial prefrontal cortex, suggesting that depressed individuals may be exhibiting greater cognitive control than
non-depressed individuals when processing self-relevant information.
References
Conceptions of self
Memory biases
Self-reference | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-referential%20encoding |
The San Miguel Stakes was American Thoroughbred horse race run between 1956 and 2009 at Santa Anita Park in Arcadia, California. A race for three-year-olds, it was contested on dirt until its final two years when the synthetic Cushion Track was installed. It was raced at a distance of 7 furlongs in its 1956 inaugural then at 6 furlongs in 1957 and at 6.5 furlongs from 1958 through 1963 after which it reverted permanently to six furlongs.
Tompion came in third, and T.V. Lark placed in 1960. Linda's Chief won and Ancient Title placed in 1973. Bold Forbes placed in 1976. A filly, Motivity, won in 1981. Precisionist won in 1984.
The final running of the San Miguel Stakes took place on March 28, 2009.
Records
Speed record:
1:08.22 @ 6 furlongs : Prince Wild (1991)
Most wins by a jockey:
6 - Bill Shoemaker (1960, 1964, 1966, 1971, 1977, 1980)
Most wins by a trainer:
3 - Ross Fenstermaker (1979, 1981, 1984)
3 - D. Wayne Lukas (1996, 1999, 2005)
3 - Bob Baffert (2002, 2006, 2007)
Most wins by an owner:
4 - Fred W. Hooper (1962, 1979, 1981, 1984)
Winners
† In 1985 the race was run in January and again in December.
References
Discontinued horse races
Flat horse races for three-year-olds
Open sprint category horse races
Horse races in California
Santa Anita Park
Previously graded stakes races in the United States
Recurring sporting events established in 1956
Recurring sporting events disestablished in 2009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San%20Miguel%20Stakes |
James Caldwell (born January 16, 1955) is an American football coach who is a senior assistant for the Carolina Panthers of the National Football League (NFL). He served as the head coach of the Indianapolis Colts from 2009 to 2011 and Detroit Lions from 2014 to 2017. Caldwell has been a part of two Super Bowl-winning teams in his career; as the assistant head coach and quarterbacks coach of the Colts team that won Super Bowl XLI and as offensive coordinator of the Baltimore Ravens team that won Super Bowl XLVII.
College career
Caldwell attended the University of Iowa, where he was a four-year starter at defensive back for the Iowa Hawkeyes football team from 1973 to 1976.
Coaching career
College
Caldwell served as an assistant coach at the University of Iowa, Southern Illinois University, Northwestern University, University of Colorado at Boulder, University of Louisville, and Pennsylvania State University before being named head coach at Wake Forest University in 1993. He was the first African-American head football coach in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC). Caldwell was inducted into Omicron Delta Kappa - The National Leadership Honor Society at Wake Forest in 1996.
In eight years, Caldwell had a record of 26–63. He installed a powerful passing attack that set numerous school records, many of which have since been broken under his successor, Jim Grobe. However, his teams rarely ran well; in one year the Demon Deacons' leading rusher only notched 300 yards for the entire season. He only had one winning season, in 1999, when the Deacons won the Aloha Bowl.
Indianapolis Colts
Caldwell joined Tony Dungy's staff with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in 2001 as quarterbacks coach. He followed Dungy to Indianapolis in 2002 and remained with him for his entire tenure, helping lead the Colts to a win in Super Bowl XLI.
On January 13, 2008, Caldwell was formally announced as Dungy's successor-in-waiting. On January 12, 2009, Dungy announced his retirement, putting Caldwell in the head coaching position. He was formally introduced at a press conference the following day.
Caldwell had one of the best debut seasons for a head coach in NFL history, finishing with a 14–2 record. The Colts rushed out to a 14–0 start. With the AFC South title and the top seed in the AFC playoffs secured, Caldwell opted (on orders from then GM, Bill Polian) to sit out his starting players the last two games of the season (both losses), drawing controversy to him and the team. He later won his first playoff game against the Baltimore Ravens on January 16, 2010. On January 24, 2010, Caldwell became the fifth rookie head coach to lead his team to the Super Bowl after securing a 30–17 win against the New York Jets in the AFC Championship Game. On February 7, 2010, Caldwell's rookie season ended with a 31–17 loss in Super Bowl XLIV to the New Orleans Saints.
Caldwell shares the NFL record for the best start by a rookie head coach, starting his career with 14 wins. George Seifert led the San Francisco 49ers to 14 wins as a rookie head coach in 1989. The 14 wins also tied a Colts franchise record. As of Super Bowl LV, Caldwell is the last rookie head coach to reach the Super Bowl.
In his second season the Colts posted a 10–6 record but maintained the division title in the AFC South. They lost their first game in the playoffs to the New York Jets, 17–16, on January 8, 2011, marking the end of the Peyton Manning era in Indianapolis.
The 2011 season, however, saw the Colts sink to 2–14. Starting quarterback Peyton Manning missed the entire season due to undergoing neck surgeries, and without him the Colts appeared to be a rudderless team. Caldwell was fired after the season. The league-worst record however, gave the Colts the No. 1 pick in the 2012 NFL Draft, which they would end up using to draft Stanford quarterback Andrew Luck.
Baltimore Ravens
Thirteen days after his dismissal from the Indianapolis Colts, Caldwell was named quarterbacks coach by the Baltimore Ravens on January 30, 2012. On December 10, 2012, the Ravens dismissed Cam Cameron and named Caldwell the offensive coordinator. On the day after defeating the New England Patriots in the AFC championship game, head coach John Harbaugh announced on January 22, 2013, that Caldwell would be the team's permanent offensive coordinator going into the 2013 season. On February 3, 2013, Caldwell helped lead the Ravens to a 34–31 victory over the San Francisco 49ers in Super Bowl XLVII at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome.
Detroit Lions
On January 14, 2014, the Detroit Lions announced Caldwell as their new head coach. He was the first African American to hold the position for the Lions.
In Caldwell's first season with the Lions, they posted an 11–5 record and made the playoffs as a wild card. They were defeated in the first round by the Dallas Cowboys, losing by a score of 24–20.
Halfway through the 2015 season, the Lions had struggled to a 1–7 record, and both team president Tom Lewand and general manager Martin Mayhew were fired. There was speculation that Caldwell would soon be fired as well, but the next week the Lions won a road game against the Green Bay Packers for the first time since 1991. Ultimately, Detroit won 6 of their final 8 games to finish the season with a 7–9 record, and Caldwell retained his job.
In 2016, Caldwell's third season in Detroit, the Lions improved to a 9–7 record and lost to the Packers in a Week 17 game that determined the winner of NFC North. The Lions clinched another wild card berth, but lost in the first round to the Seattle Seahawks, 26–6.
The Lions went 9–7 again in 2017, in a season widely considered a disappointment despite the Lions' winning record. After the Lions missed the playoffs following a mediocre performance in the second half of the season, there was speculation about Caldwell's future, given the team's performance and belief that Lions general manager Bob Quinn, who was hired during Caldwell's second year, may have wanted to bring in a coach from his former team, the New England Patriots. Subsequently, on January 1, 2018, the day after the season ended, Caldwell was fired by the Lions. He was succeeded by Patriots defensive coordinator Matt Patricia the following month. The firing of Caldwell drew retrospective contention due to the team not showing improvement during his tenure, but regressing under Patricia.
Caldwell's record as Lions coach was 36–28 (.563), making him the first non-interim Lions coach to leave the team with a winning record since Joe Schmidt, who led the team from 1967 to 1972. His .563 winning percentage was also the best for a Lions' head coach since Buddy Parker in the 1950s.
XFL
After being released from Detroit at the end of the 2017 NFL season, Caldwell was hired by the reincarnated XFL to a consulting panel that addressed football rules for the league.
Caldwell was interviewed in December 2018 by the Green Bay Packers for their open head coach position that was previously held by Mike McCarthy until being let go mid-season in 2018. Caldwell also interviewed for head coaching vacancies with the New York Jets and the Cleveland Browns.
Miami Dolphins
After the Miami Dolphins hired Brian Flores as their new head coach, Caldwell was hired to Flores' staff as assistant head coach and quarterbacks coach on February 8, 2019. On July 13, 2019, it was announced Caldwell would take a leave of absence to address health issues, but remained as a consultant. Following the 2019 season, Caldwell was not retained by the Dolphins.
On January 4, 2022, Caldwell interviewed to become the next head coach of the Jacksonville Jaguars. On January 15, he completed an interview for the head coaching job at the Chicago Bears. He was later interviewed for a second time by new general manager Ryan Poles on January 25.
Caldwell not receiving another head coaching opportunity since 2017, along with his dismissals from the Colts and Lions, were cited by Flores as examples of the league's racial discrimination in his 2022 class-action lawsuit against the NFL.
Carolina Panthers
On January 9, 2023, Caldwell was interviewed as a candidate for the Carolina Panthers' head coach position.
On February 14, 2023, Caldwell was named a senior assistant for the Panthers under new head coach Frank Reich.
Family
Caldwell and his wife, Cheryl, have four children: Jimmy, Jermaine, Jared and Natalie.
Head coaching record
College
NFL
References
External links
ESPN profile
1955 births
Living people
African-American coaches of American football
African-American players of American football
American football defensive backs
Baltimore Ravens coaches
Carolina Panthers coaches
Colorado Buffaloes football coaches
Detroit Lions head coaches
Indianapolis Colts coaches
Indianapolis Colts head coaches
Iowa Hawkeyes football coaches
Iowa Hawkeyes football players
Louisville Cardinals football coaches
Miami Dolphins coaches
National Football League offensive coordinators
Northwestern Wildcats football coaches
Penn State Nittany Lions football coaches
Players of American football from Wisconsin
Southern Illinois Salukis football coaches
Sportspeople from Beloit, Wisconsin
Tampa Bay Buccaneers coaches
Wake Forest Demon Deacons football coaches
21st-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century African-American sportspeople | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim%20Caldwell%20%28American%20football%29 |
10 Years of Abuse (and Still Broke) is sludge metal band Eyehategod's only live album, released on May 29, 2001. Although not all the tracks are live, it is still considered a live album, as the majority of tracks are live, and there are no studio tracks (the rest consist of demos and radio performances).
Track listing
"Left To Starve" – 5:08
"Hit a Girl" – 5:16
"Depress" – 9:29
"Children of God" – 4:44
"White Nigger" – 4:08
"Depress" – 3:28
"Take as Needed for Pain" – 5:08
"My Name is God (I Hate You)" – 5:07
"Lack of Almost Everything" – 4:36
"Blood Money" – 3:47
"Children of God" – 4:52
"Sister Fucker, Pt. 1/Sister Fucker, Pt. 2" – 5:51
"30$ Bag" – 3:11
"Zero Nowhere" – 5:15
"Methamphetamine" – 5:37
Tracks 1–4 are taken from the original 1990 demo Lack of Almost Everything. Tracks 5–8 were recorded live on KXLU, August 2, 1994. Tracks 9–15 were recorded live in Europe, April 2000. All songs written by Eyehategod.
Credits
Tracks 1–4
Jim Bower – Guitar
Mike IX Williams – Vocals
Joe LaCaze – Drums
Marc Schultz – Bass
Steve Dale – Guitar
Tracks 5–8
Jim Bower – Guitar
Michael Williams – Vocals
Joe LaCaze – Drums
Marc Schultz – Bass
Brian Patton – Guitar
Chris Elder – Recording
Phil Vera – Recording
Tracks 9–15
Jim Bower – Guitar
Michael Williams – Vocals
Joe LaCaze – Drums
Danny Nick – Bass
Brian Patton – Guitar
Dave Fortman – Producer
Others
Angela Boatwright – Live Photo
Tom Bejgrowicz – Design, Layout and Additional Photography
References
2001 live albums
Eyehategod live albums
Albums produced by Dave Fortman
Century Media Records live albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10%20Years%20of%20Abuse%20%28and%20Still%20Broke%29 |
The Risen Star Stakes is a Grade II American Thoroughbred horse race for three-year-old horses at a distance of one and one-eighth miles on the dirt run annually in February, usually during the President's Day weekend at Fair Grounds Race Course in New Orleans, Louisiana. The event currently offers a purse of $400,000.
History
The event was inaugurated 16 March 1973 as the Louisiana Derby Trial with handicap conditions over a distance of one mile and forty yards with the Indiana bred colt Navajo victorious by one length over Smooth Dancer with Assagai Jr. in third place. The time run by the winner was 1:40 flat. Navajo received free entry into the Louisiana Derby and finished second to Leo's Pisces. Later that year Navajo ran in the Kentucky Derby and finished seventh to Secretariat.
The event as a trial race immediately became a major prep for the Louisiana Derby.
In 1975 the event was increased to miles and was won by Master Derby. Master Derby followed up winning the Louisiana Derby. Later in his Triple Crown campaign, Master Derby was victorious in the Preakness.
The event was shortened back to its inaugural distance in 1988 of 1 mile and 40 yards. The event that year was won by Risen Star who went on to win the Preakness and Belmont Stakes and be voted the 1988 Eclipse Award for American Champion Three-Year-Old Male Horse. The following year the track renamed the event in honor of Risen Star to the Risen Star Stakes.
In 1991 the distance of the event was increased to miles and in 2002 the American Graded Stakes Committee upgraded the race to Grade III. The event was upgraded once more in 2010 to Grade II.
The Risen Star Stakes was run in two divisions in 1989, 1993, 1995 and 2020.
No winner of the Risen Star Stakes has gone on to win the Kentucky Derby. However, two runners who have run in the event have gone on to win the Run for the Roses. War Emblem finished sixth at Fair Grounds before winning at Churchill Downs in 2002. Country House was second in the Risen Star before crossing second in the 2019 Kentucky Derby, only to be promoted after first-place finisher Maximum Security was disqualified by Kentucky stewards for interference. The Risen Star also has produced two winners of the second leg of the American Triple Crown: Master Derby (1975) and War of Will (2019). It has also produced two winners of the Breeders' Cup Classic: Gun Runner and Mucho Macho Man.
The event is part of the Road to the Kentucky Derby.
Records
Speed record:
miles – 1:49.03 Epicenter (2022)
miles – 1:42.80 Zarbs Magic (1996)
1 mile and 40 yards – 1:39.80 Heavy Mayonnaise (1974)
Margins:
10 lengths – Badge of Silver (2003)
Most wins by a jockey:
3 - Shane P. Romero (1988, 1989, 1992)
3 - Robby Albarado (2003, 2004, 2007)
3 - Florent Geroux (2016, 2020, 2021)
Most wins by a trainer:
3 - Neil J. Howard (1992, 1998, 2004)
3 - Todd A. Pletcher (2010, 2012, 2014)
3 - D. Wayne Lukas (1997, 2000, 2018)
3 - Steve Asmussen (2008, 2016, 2022)
3 - Brad H. Cox (2020, 2021, 2023)
Most wins by an owner:
3 - William S. Farish III (1992, 1998, 2004)
3 - Winchell Thoroughbreds (2008, 2016, 2022)
Risen Star Stakes – Louisiana Derby double:
Master Derby †(1975), Taylor's Special †(1984), Risen Star †(1988), Dispersal (1989), Line in the Sand (1992), Dixieland Heat (1993), Comic Strip (1998), Pyro (2008), Friesan Fire (2009), International Star (2015), Gun Runner (2016), Girvin (2017), Epicenter (2022)
Notes:
† Risen Star Stakes was known as the Louisiana Derby Trial.
Winners
Notes:
§ Ran as an entry
See also
List of American and Canadian Graded races
External links
Ten Things You Should Know About the Risen Star Stakes at Hello Race Fans!
References
Fair Grounds Race Course
Flat horse races for three-year-olds
Triple Crown Prep Races
Graded stakes races in the United States
Horse races in New Orleans
Horse racing
Recurring sporting events established in 1973
1973 establishments in Louisiana
Grade 2 stakes races in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risen%20Star%20Stakes |
District 1 of the Texas Senate is a senatorial district that serves all of Bowie, Camp, Cass, Delta, Franklin, Gregg, Harrison, Lamar, Marion, Morris, Panola, Red River, Rusk, Smith, Titus, Upshur, and Wood counties in the U.S. state of Texas. The current Senator from District 1 is Bryan Hughes.
Election history
2020
2016
2012
2010
2006
2004
2002
1998
1994
1992
District officeholders
References
01
Bowie County, Texas
Camp County, Texas
Cass County, Texas
Franklin County, Texas
Gregg County, Texas
Harrison County, Texas
Lamar County, Texas
Marion County, Texas
Morris County, Texas
Panola County, Texas
Red River County, Texas
Rusk County, Texas
Titus County, Texas
Upshur County, Texas
Wood County, Texas
Smith County, Texas
Texarkana, Texas | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas%20Senate%2C%20District%201 |
Jacopo Napoli (August 26, 1911 in Naples – 1994 in Ascea) was an Italian composer of the 20th century.
Born in Naples, he studied privately. He taught composition at the Cagliari music conservatory. He was the director of the Naples conservatory. His compositions include chamber music, songs, the operas Miseria e nobiltà, Il malato immaginario and Un curioso accidente, as well as the orchestral works Preludio di caccia and La festa di Anacapri.
References
Italian classical composers
Italian male classical composers
Italian opera composers
Male opera composers
20th-century classical composers
1911 births
1994 deaths
Composers from Naples
20th-century Italian composers
20th-century Italian male musicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacopo%20Napoli |
Tom Moore (born November 7, 1938) is an American football coach and former college player who is an offensive consultant for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers of the National Football League (NFL). A four-time Super Bowl champion, he spent a majority of his coaching career with the Pittsburgh Steelers and Indianapolis Colts.
Early life
Moore learned football at an early age in Mt. Pleasant, Iowa. He played quarterback at the University of Iowa, where he earned a bachelor's degree in history and became a member of the Iowa Beta chapter of Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity. Moore coached at Iowa after graduation and then joined the Army for two years, when he also coached football overseas.
Coaching career
Moore resumed his college coaching career at the University of Dayton, where he coached offensive backs and received a graduate degree in guidance counseling. When he left Dayton in 1968, Moore went on to coach offense for nine years at Wake Forest University, the Georgia Institute of Technology, the University of Minnesota, and for the New York Stars of the World Football League (WFL).
Moore made the transition to the NFL in 1977 when he joined Chuck Noll's coaching staff at the Pittsburgh Steelers, initially serving as receivers coach. Within three years on the Steelers, Moore earned two Super Bowl rings and in 1983 he was promoted to quarterbacks coach and offensive coordinator. For eight years, Moore and Tony Dungy, the Colts' head coach from 2002 to 2009, were colleagues on Noll's coaching staff at Pittsburgh.
Leaving the Steelers in 1990, Moore served in senior offensive coaching roles for three teams in eight years, having the most success as offensive coordinator for the Detroit Lions, the team which led the NFL in total offense in 1995 and was the first team in NFL history to have two receivers with over 100 catches in a season (Herman Moore and Brett Perriman).
Indianapolis Colts
Moore interviewed for the Lions' head coaching job in 2006, but the Lions hired Rod Marinelli.
The Indianapolis Colts, for whom Moore served as an offensive coordinator since 1998, won Super Bowl XLI in February 2007. Moore coached the offense under head coaches Jim Mora, Dungy and Jim Caldwell. He oversaw the development of quarterback Peyton Manning for Manning's entire tenure with the Colts. Manning started every single game for the Colts over that time period, going 117–59 in the regular season and 9–9 in the playoffs, also setting numerous NFL records, including highest passer rating, season (121.1 in 2004, subsequently surpassed by Aaron Rodgers in 2011) and for most passing touchdowns in a season with 49, also in 2004 (since surpassed by Tom Brady, 50 touchdowns in 2007 and by Manning himself with 55 touchdowns in 2013).
On May 6, 2009, ESPN reported that Moore was planning to retire due to a change in the NFL's pension program which affected both him and the Colts' offensive line coach, Howard Mudd. Larry Kennan, the executive director of the NFL Coaches' Association, said Moore had not yet filed his retirement papers but believed that he was "just about there." On May 20, 2009, Moore returned to the Colts to serve as their senior offensive coordinator, though he ultimately left the organization following the 2010 season. On July 21, 2011, it was announced that Moore would take a job with the New York Jets as a remote working offensive consultant.
Arizona Cardinals
On January 21, 2013, it was announced Bruce Arians had brought in Tom Moore and to help him overhaul the worst offense in the NFL. Moore served as assistant head coach/offense for the Arizona Cardinals until the end of the 2017 season.
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
In August 2019, it was announced that Moore had agreed to be an offensive consultant for the Buccaneers for the 2019 season. Moore announced his intentions to stay with the team for the 2021 season, which would be his 42nd season in the NFL, before Super Bowl LV. He won his second Super Bowl as a coach and fourth Super Bowl overall when the Buccaneers won Super Bowl LV.
Honors
In May 2014, Moore was inducted into the Pennsylvania Sports Hall of Fame in recognition of his 13 seasons as an assistant coach with the Pittsburgh Steelers.
In 2015, Moore was selected as part of the 2015 class for the Paul “Dr. Z” Zimmerman Award by the Pro Football Writers of America. This award is given for lifetime achievements as an assistant coach in the NFL.
References
1938 births
Living people
American football quarterbacks
Arizona Cardinals coaches
Dayton Flyers football coaches
Detroit Lions coaches
Educators from Minnesota
Educators from Ohio
Indianapolis Colts coaches
Iowa Hawkeyes football coaches
Iowa Hawkeyes football players
Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football coaches
Minnesota Golden Gophers football coaches
Minnesota Vikings coaches
National Football League offensive coordinators
New Orleans Saints coaches
New York Jets coaches
New York Stars coaches
People from Owatonna, Minnesota
Pittsburgh Steelers coaches
Tennessee Titans coaches
Wake Forest Demon Deacons football coaches
Tampa Bay Buccaneers coaches
Sigma Alpha Epsilon members | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%20Moore%20%28American%20football%20coach%2C%20born%201938%29 |
The Classic was a single-deck bus developed by General Motors Diesel from its previous-generation New Look design. The "Classic" was nearly identical to the New Look from the belt rail up, but sported a new front which allowed for a wider front door. The design was originally intended solely for the Canadian market as an alternative to the unpopular Rapid Transit Series (RTS) but ultimately the Classic, produced from 1982 to 1997, met with widespread success in both Canada and the United States. It was available primarily as a long, wide coach, although 16 long articulated Classics were manufactured. The design was fairly conservative, yet contemporary and less controversial than the RTS.
History
When GMC in the United States decided to replace the New Look with the RTS II series in 1977, they hoped that they would win over operators in both the US and Canada. But the design and the futuristic look turned off most Canadian transit operators. In 1979, GM Canada's Transit division decided to continue producing New Looks until 1982, when it unveiled the Classic. Several orders for New Looks were still accepted, built and delivered until 1986 for U.S. properties, although the buses were made in Canada.
The Classic proved to be a popular in the U.S. as well, where the Utah Transit Authority would be the first American operator, in 1983, to order the buses (the first order in 1983 was 39, followed by 63 in 1984 and 66 in 1990), which was later followed by orders from DDOT (Detroit), Grand Rapids, Connecticut Transit, Big Blue Bus (Santa Monica), and the contract bus operators serving the New York City metropolitan area (who used single-door Classics for commuter routes).
In 1987 GM sold the transit bus division to Motor Coach Industries (MCI). By 1993 the bus division changed hands again, this time going to NovaBus. During the two transitions the Classic continued to be built until NovaBus discontinued the model in 1997, as most agencies preferred the new low-floor LFS design. The last Classics were built in 1997, for the Société de transport de l'Outaouais (STO) of Gatineau, Quebec. At the same time the RTS model was discontinued, leaving the LFS and its derivatives as the only bus available from NovaBus.
NovaBus also assembled Classics in the US in 1995 and 1996 from its now-closed plant in New York state. They were delivered to Buffalo, Connecticut, Rochester, the suburbs of Chicago (Pace), and Pittsburgh, the last US transit agency to receive Classics (NovaBus took over the Port Authority Transit contract after previous awardees such as Flxible went bankrupt in 1995). These agencies have retired the American-built units, but some have been refurbished and rebuilt by third-party distributors.
Retirements
As of 2020, the STO was still running Classics, but they have now all been retired with the arrival of the 2020 NovaBus LFS HEV buses. Pittsburgh, Montreal (including Laval and the South Shore agencies), Ottawa, Buffalo, Halifax, Lévis, Toronto, Santa Monica, Connecticut, Rochester, PACE, Quebec City, Windsor and Winnipeg have retired most of their Classics due to increasing maintenance costs, difficulty in obtaining replacement parts, and the agencies' plans to convert to low-floor fleets. However, a few transit agencies began purchasing used Classics due to rising costs and lack of funding for new buses. Regina Transit had acquired used Classics due to provincial and government funding issues, which lasted until early 2014, when they received funding for new buses and to retire their last MCI Classics, becoming 100% low-floor. Metrobus Transit (St. John's, NL) retired their last Classics in January 2016, Calgary Transit retired their last Classics on December 18, 2014, and their fleet is completely accessible as some were sold to STO and Saskatoon Transit, the latter having retired its Classic fleet in 2018. Quebec City's Réseau de transport de la Capitale retired its last Classic on March 3, 2016. NFTA Metro's Classics retired in 2016 when the NovaBus LFS CNG buses arrived. A former 1986 Hamilton Street Railway Classic (HSR 8602) that was retired in 2002 was featured as part of a redecorating sketch in a 2005 episode of The Red Green Show.
Preservation
As of 2020, Classics from Vancouver, Calgary, Connecticut, Montreal, New York City, Saskatoon, Santa Monica, Toronto and Winnipeg have been preserved by local non-profit bus groups. OC Transpo GM Classic 8776 has been preserved by a private individual as of 2017. A private operator owns a 1994 NovaBus Classic that was retired from Quebec City. Utah Transit Authority has retained MCI Classic 9066 as part of their preservation fleet.
All 16 of the articulated buses were scrapped upon retirement, but some parts from the Halifax Transit fleet were saved for use on their remaining refurbished Classics.
Models
The model designations used for Classics consisted of two letters followed by a series of five numbers then another letter. The only versions built were the TC40-102A, TC40-102N and the TA60-102N. All were equipped with an automatic transmission. (Some TC40-102As with no center exits have been erroneously identified as SC40-102As, but a true Suburban version would have had all forward-facing seats, no center exit, a lowered center aisle and underfloor baggage compartments.)
The 60-foot version was not introduced until 1992, after MCI purchased the Classic design, and only 16 of these articulateds were ever built: 14 for Halifax Transit (Formerly Metro Transit), and two to Réseau de transport de la Capitale (RTC) (Quebec City, Quebec). NovaBus discontinued the articulated Classic in 1993. (This bus is not to be confused with the New Look TA60-102N, a 60-foot articulated bus manufactured by GMC in 1982, which had a Classic front end grafted onto a New Look body, which allowed for a wider front entrance.)
Seating capacity ranged from 39 to 52, and included wheelchair lifts which were optional for Canadian operators but were required for American operators, to comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990.
There were many optional features for the Classics, including the rear exit doors. Most orders specified the wide versions, but a narrower single-stream door was also available. A majority of orders had either large or no rear windows, but a few opted for a small rear window at the top of the rear cap. The rear window was dropped as an option for US-built buses due to revised air conditioning equipment and a stand-out exhaust deflector that extended the upper half of the rear cap by a few inches. The American-built Classics also had a larger front door due to having handicapped lifts installed. Another modification during the production run was the size of the front destination sign. A taller and wider version was offered from 1990 as more transit systems specified larger electronic signs. The major exception was Montreal, as MCI and NovaBus built an "M-version" which retained the narrow destination sign windows, and was ordered primarily by properties in the Montreal area.
Neither a 35-foot long nor a 96-inch wide version of the Classic was ever made. However, GM, MCI and NovaBus did build a commuter version with all forward-facing seats and no center exit.
From 2004 to 2005, Dupont Industries, a Quebec City-based company, refurbished and rebuild retired Classics into trolley-like sightseeing buses. Dupont's refurbished Classic was called a Dupont Cartier.
Manufacturers
See also
List of buses
References
External links
GM/MCI/Nova Bus Classic (transit buses) fan page at Flickr
Photos of Classics from Bus Explorer
STM Classics
Rochester, New York Classics
Port Authority of Allegheny County (Pittsburgh) Novabus Classics
Yahoo Groups: Classic Bus
GM Classic
Buses of Canada
Buses of the United States
General Motors buses
Motor Coach Industries
Intercity buses
Single-deck buses
Articulated buses
Vehicles introduced in 1982 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classic%20%28transit%20bus%29 |
This is a list of for-profit institutions of higher education.
In the United States
Academy of Art University – San Francisco, California
American Career College – Los Angeles, California
American InterContinental University – more than 90% online, a subsidiary of Perdoceo
American National University – distance education and multiple locations in Virginia, Ohio, Kentucky, Indiana, and West Virginia; not to be confused with American University or National American University
American Public University – online, a division of American Public University System; not to be confused with American University
Antonelli College – multiple locations
ASA College – campuses in Brooklyn, midtown Manhattan, and Miami
Aspen University – Denver, Colorado
Berkeley College – New York and New Jersey; not to be confused with University of California, Berkeley, Berklee College of Music, or the Berkeley College at Yale University
Blue Cliff College – a subsidiary of Quad Partners
Broadview University – Utah
Brookline College – a division of Linden Education Group
Bryant & Stratton College – multiple locations. The school is in the process of converting to nonprofit.
Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine – Las Cruces, New Mexico
California Miramar University – San Diego, California (formerly known as Pacific Western University)
California Northstate University College of Medicine – Elk Grove, California
Capella University – Minneapolis, Minnesota and online
Carrington College – 17 locations in the United States
Chamberlain College of Nursing – a subsidiary of Adtalem
Charleston School of Law – Charleston, South Carolina
Charter College – campuses in Alaska, California, and Washington
The College of Westchester – White Plains, New York not to be confused with West Chester University in West Chester, Pennsylvania
Colorado Technical University – more than 90% online, a subsidiary of Perdoceo
Columbia Southern University – not to be confused with Columbia University
Conservatory of Recording Arts and Sciences – Tempe, Arizona
Daymar College – multiple campuses in Tennessee, Kentucky and Ohio, and online
DeVry University – multiple locations, subsidiaries include Keller School of Management (several campuses have closed)
DigiPen Institute of Technology – Redmond, Washington
Eagle Gate College – Utah
ECPI University – formerly ECPI College of Technology; multiple locations; includes Medical Careers Institute multiple locations in Virginia
Engine City Technical Institute – South Plainfield, New Jersey – now Lincoln Technical Institute
Fashion Institute of Design & Merchandising – FIDM (four locations in California) not to be confused with Fashion Institute of Technology, a state university in New York City
Five Towns College – Dix Hills, New York
Florida Career College – multiple locations, owned by International Education Corporation
Florida Coastal School of Law – Jacksonville, FL. Subsidiary of InfiLaw System
Florida Metropolitan University – multiple locations, now Everest University
Florida National University – Hialeah, Florida
Fortis College – multiple locations
Fox College – Chicago metropolitan area (Bedford Park and Tinley Park)
Full Sail University – Winter Park, Florida
Georgia Medical Institute – multiple locations, not to be confused with the Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, now Everest Institute
Grand Canyon University – online and Phoenix, Arizona
Hamilton College – Iowa; now part of Kaplan University; formerly operated from multiple locations in Iowa and Nebraska; not to be confused with Hamilton College in Clinton, New York, or with the unaccredited Hamilton University, now Kaplan University
Idaho College of Osteopathic Medicine – Meridian, Idaho
International Education Corporation operates US Colleges, Florida Career Colleges, United Education Institute and UEI Colleges
Lincoln Tech – multiple locations; not to be confused with Lincoln University
Los Angeles Film School – Los Angeles, California
McCann School of Business and Technology – multiple locations
Miami International University of Art and Design
Mildred Elley – multiple locations
Miller-Motte – multiple locations
Monroe College – multiple locations
Mountain West College – Salt Lake City, Utah
National American University – primarily online. Not to be confused with American University
National College – multiple U.S. locations
National Institute of Technology (United States) – now Everest Institute – multiple locations; not to be confused with National Institutes of Technology in India
National Paralegal College – Phoenix, Arizona
National University College – multiple locations, Puerto Rico
Neumont University – multiple locations
NewSchool of Architecture and Design – San Diego, California; owned by Ambow Education. Not to be confused with The New School
Northwestern College – Chicago, Illinois; not to be confused with Northwestern University
Ohio Business College – multiple locations
Olympia Career Training Institute – multiple locations, now Everest College
Pacific College of Oriental Medicine – a subsidiary of Quad Partners
Parks College – multiple locations
Paier College of Art – Hamden, Connecticut
Pennco Tech – multiple locations
Pima Medical Institute – multiple locations
Pinnacle Career Institute – Kansas, multiple locations
Pioneer Pacific College – multiple locations in Oregon
Platt College – Southern California multiple locations, Anaheim, Riverside, Ontario, Alhambra, San Diego, Colorado
Plaza College – Forest Hills, New York
Porter and Chester Institute – Connecticut, Massachusetts
Post University – Waterbury, Connecticut, not to be confused with LIU Post
Potomac College – Washington, D.C. area, now the University of the Potomac
Provo College – Provo, Utah
Rasmussen College – multiple locations, now owned by American Public University System.
Rocky Mountain College of Art and Design, Lakewood, Colorado
Rocky Mountain University of Health Professions – Utah
Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine – Parker, Colorado
SAE Institute – formerly the School of Audio Engineering
Salem International University – Salem, West Virginia
San Joaquin Valley College – California, multiple locations
Schiller International University – multiple locations
School of Visual Arts – New York City
Seacoast Career Schools
South College – Knoxville, Tennessee; not to be confused with Southern University or the University of the South.
South University – multiple locations; owned by Education Principle Foundation (EPF); not to be confused with Southern University or the University of the South.
Southern Careers Institute – Texas, multiple locations; not to be confused with Southern University or the University of the South.
Southern States University – California; not to be confused with Southern University or the University of the South.
Southwestern College – multiple locations; not to be confused with Southwestern University or Lincoln University
Spartan College of Aeronautics and Technology – Tulsa, Oklahoma
Specs Howard School of Media Arts – Michigan
Strayer University – multiple locations
Sullivan University – Kentucky, multiple locations
Suncoast College of Health – Bradenton, Florida; Brandon, Florida
UEI College – multiple campuses in California
United States University; not to be confused with American University
Universal Technical Institute – campuses in Arizona, California, Florida, Massachusetts, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, and Texas
University of Advancing Technology – Tempe, Arizona
University of Phoenix – Phoenix, Arizona
University of the Potomac – Washington DC; Vienna, Virginia; online- a division of Linden Education
Waldorf College – Forrest City, Iowa
Washington Technology University – Bellevue, Washington
West Coast University – Los Angeles, California
Western Business College – multiple locations, now Everest College
Western International University – multiple locations, a subsidiary of Apollo Group
Western State College of Law – Irvine, California; not to be confused with Western Governors University
Western State University College of Law – Fullerton, California; not to be confused with Western Governors University
Wyoming Technical Institute (WyoTech) – As of 2018, the school has only one campus (under new ownership)
Distance education (online)
American College of Technology – online distance education, based in St. Joseph, Missouri; not to be confused with American University
American College of Education – online; not to be confused with American University
American Military University – online, a division of American Public University System; not to be confused with American University or United States Military Academy
American Public University System – includes the American Military University and American Public University; distance education; offices in Charles Town, West Virginia, and Manassas, Virginia; not to be confused with American University
American Sentinel University – distance education, based in Denver, Colorado
Ashworth College – online, based in Norcross, Georgia
Aspen University – online, based in Denver, Colorado
California InterContinental University – online, based in Diamond Bar, California
California Southern University – online; not to be confused with The University of Southern California
Capella University – online
London School of Business and Finance – online; not to be confused with London School of Economics or London Business School
New Charter University – formerly Andrew Jackson University; distance education; based in Hoover, Alabama
New England College of Business and Finance; not to be confused with New England College
Setanta College – online
Trident University International – formerly TUI University, formerly Touro University International; online; not to be confused with Trident Technical College
University of Atlanta – distance education only; not to be confused with Atlanta University Center or Clark Atlanta University
University of Liverpool – distance education only, a division of Laureate Education
University of the Potomac – distance education offices in Washington, D.C., and Vienna, Virginia with remote administration offices as well
U.S. Career Institute – Fort Collins, Colorado
Walden University – online, a division of Adtalem Education
Outside the United States
Adamson University - Manila, Philippines
AMA Education System - multiple locations in the Philippines and Bahrain
Anhembi Morumbi University – São Paulo, Brazil
Arden University – United Kingdom (part of Global University Systems group).
Arellano University - multiple locations in Metro Manila, Philippines
Baliaug University - Bulacan, Philippines
BPP University – United Kingdom (part of Apollo Education Group).
Central Colleges of the Philippines - Quezon City, Philippines
Centro Escolar University - Manila, Makati and Las Piñas, Philippines
Cyprus College – Nicosia, Cyprus
Dnyaneshwar Vidyapeeth – India
Emilio Aguinaldo College - Manila and Cavite, Philippines
FEATI University - Manila, Philippines
FEU Group of Schools - Metro Manila and Cavite, Philippines
Jose Rizal University - Mandaluyong, Philippines
Laureate International Universities – Peru and Mexico
London School of Business and Finance – United Kingdom (part of Global University Systems group). not to be confused with London School of Economics or London Business School
Lyceum of the Philippines University - multiple locations in the Philippines
iPeople Inc.
Malayan Colleges Laguna - Laguna, Philippines
Mapua University - Manila, Philippines
National Teachers College - Manila, Philippines
University of Nueva Caceres - Camarines Sur, Philippines
Manuel S. Enverga University - Quezon, Philippines
Multimedia University – multiple locations in Malaysia
National University (Philippines) - multiple locations in the Philippines
Nyenrode Business University – Breukelen, Netherlands
Our Lady of Fatima University - multiple locations in the Philippines
Philippine Women's University - Manila, Philippines
PHINMA Education Network
Saint Jude College - Manila, Philippines
Araullo University - Cabanatuan, Philippines
Cagayan de Oro College - Cagayan de Oro, Philippines
University of Iloilo - Iloilo City, Philippines
University of Pangasinan - Dagupan, Philippines
Southwestern University - Cebu City, Philippines
Rai University – India
Regenesys Business School – Sandton, South Africa
Ross University – Ross University School of Medicine in Picard, Dominica; Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine in Saint Kitts
Sigmund Freud University Vienna - Vienna, Austria
St. George's University – Grenada; includes medical school, school of veterinary medicine, and other programs
STI College - multiple locations in the Philippines
iAcademy - Makati, Philippines
St Patrick's College, London – United Kingdom (part of Global University Systems group).
Taylor's University – multiple locations in Malaysia
Technological Institute of the Philippines - Manila and Quezon City, Philippines
Trinity School of Medicine - St. Vincent and Grenadines
Universidad de Zamboanga - Zamboanga, Philippines
Universidad Europea de Madrid – Madrid, Spain
University of the East - Manila, Philippines
University of Medicine and Health Sciences - Basseterre, Saint Kitts, Caribbean
University of Baguio - Baguio, Philippines
University of Law – United Kingdom (part of Global University Systems group).
University of Mindanao - multiple locations in Mindanao, Philippines
University of Perpetual Help System - multiple locations in the Philippines
In India many educational trusts and institutions which have no accreditation give autonomous degrees for profit.
In Chile many universities are suspected of violating legislation that forbids profitmaking in such institutions.
Closed or merged
Allied American University – Laguna Hills, California, closed 2016
Altierus Career College-formerly part of Corinthian Colleges, last campuses closed in 2022.
Anthem Institute – formerly the Chubb Institute; multiple locations, closed 2014
American Sentinel University – merged with Post University in March 2021, becoming the American Sentinel College of Nursing & Health Sciences.
Arizona Summit Law School – a subsidiary of InfiLaw System
Argosy University closed 2019
Art Institutes – remaining campuses closed in 2023
Ashmead College – multiple locations, closed
ATI Enterprises – campuses in Arizona, Florida, and Texas, closed
Banner College – Arlington, Virginia, closed
Banner Institute – Chicago, closed
Bay State College – Boston, Massachusetts, owned by Ambow Education
Bethany University - Scotts Valley, CA
Blair College – Colorado Springs, Colorado – Acquired by Everest College,which closed in 2015.
Branford Hall Career Institute- multiple campuses, closed 2020
Bradford School (Columbus) – Columbus, Ohio; closed 2020
Bradford School (Pittsburgh) – Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; closed 2019
Briarcliffe College – Long Island, New York; a subsidiary of Career Education Corporation; closed 2016
Brightwood College closed in 2018
Brooks Institute of Photography – multiple locations, closed in 2016
Brown Mackie College – multiple locations, a subsidiary of Education Management Corporation, closed in 2017
Bryman College – multiple locations; not to be confused with The Bryman School in Arizona, closed in 2014
Collins College – Phoenix, Arizona area
Charlotte School of Law – subsidiary of InfiLaw System
Corinthian Colleges
Le Cordon Bleu – multiple locations, subsidiary of Career Education Corporation; closed 2017
Crown College – Tacoma, Washington; lost accreditation in 2007 and closed
Daniel Webster College – Nashua, New Hampshire, subsidiary of ITT Educational Services, closed 2017
Decker College – 2002
Eagle Gate College – Utah; closed 2015
Everest College – multiple locations, a subsidiary of Corinthian Colleges, closed 2015
Everest Institute – multiple locations, a subsidiary of Corinthian Colleges, closed 2015
FastTrain College – Florida, closed in 2014 after FBI raid
Gibbs College – multiple locations; closed 2009
Grantham University – merged into University of Arkansas System, 2021
Harrington College of Design – a subsidiary of Career Education Corporation; closed 2016
Harris School of Business- multiple campuses, closed 2020
Harrison College – Indiana; multiple locations; closed 2018
Heald College – multiple locations, a subsidiary of Corinthian Colleges; closed 2015
High-Tech Institute – multiple locations, closed
Independence University converted into a non-profit in 2012, closed 2021.
International Academy of Design and Technology – multiple locations – consolidated with Sanford-Brown, then closed
ITT Technical Institute – all locations (closed September 6, 2016)
Kee Business College – multiple locations in Virginia, subsidiary of Corinthian Colleges, Inc.
King's College – Charlotte, North Carolina (closed December 2018)
Las Vegas College – locations in Nevada and Texas, became Everest College in 2009
Miami-Jacobs Career College – closed 2016
Minneapolis Business College – Roseville, Minnesota, closed 2019
Missouri College – a subsidiary of Career Education Corporation, closed 2016
Mount Washington College – multiple locations in New Hampshire, closed 2016
McNally Smith College of Music – Saint Paul, Minnesota
Redstone College – multiple locations in Colorado, a division of Alta Colleges, Spartan College of Aeronautics and Technology purchased the Broomfield Campus in April 2016
Sanford-Brown College – multiple locations; subsidiary of Career Education Corporation; not to be confused with either Stanford University or Samford University;closed 2016
Salter College – closed 2019
Spencerian College – Kentucky, multiple locations; merged into Sullivan University in 2018
Springfield College – Springfield, Missouri; not to be confused with Springfield College in Springfield, Massachusetts, changed name to Everest College, closed in 2015
Stratford University – closed 2022.
Trump University – New York City, New York; closed 2010
University of the Rockies – Colorado Springs, Colorado, a subsidiary of Zovio (formerly called Bridgepoint Education) merged with Ashford University.
Vatterott College – multiple locations – closed 2018
Victory University – Memphis, Tennessee; closed in 2014
Virginia College – multiple locations, not to be confused with the University of Virginia closed in 2018
Vista College-locations in Texas, New Mexico, and Arkansas; closed 2021
Westwood College – multiple locations; closed 2016
Wood Tobé-Coburn School – New York City, New York; closed 2017
Wright Career College, converted to non-profit in 1995, closed in 2016.
For-profit colleges that became non-profit colleges
Conversions from for-profit to nonprofit are legitimate when the assets and income are fully committed to the educational purpose, and control by private interests is eliminated. Some converted nonprofits may not be legitimate. A Government Accountability Office report about the problem is anticipated.
Art Institutes (converted in 2017)
Ashford University became non-profit in 2018 and was subsequently acquired by the University of Arizona in 2020.
Baker College in Michigan became nonprofit in 1977.
Community Care College and its affiliated institutions (Clary Sage College and Oklahoma Technical College) converted to nonprofit in 2015.
Concord Law School – online, part of Purdue University Global.
Herzing University converted to nonprofit in 2015.
Hult International Business School - Converted to nonprofit in 2014.
Keiser University (converted in 2011). After the conversion the school owner remained involved in the school as a landlord, contractor, and chancellor.
Kendall College – Chicago, Illinois, formerly owned by Laureate Education, purchased by National Louis University in 2018.
Pittsburgh Technical College was an employee-owned for-profit school before becoming nonprofit in 2017.
Purdue University Global- formerly Kaplan University (converted in 2018, granted IRS tax-exempt status in 2019). Under a long-term contract, the former owner continues to manage much of its operation, causing critics to question the college's integrity as a nonprofit.
Remington Colleges claimed nonprofit status in 2010.
South University converted in 2017, but that purchase collapsed and ownership changed. The accreditor lists the school as for-profit as of December 2020.
Southern New Hampshire University (converted in 1968)
Stevens-Henager College and its affiliates Independence University, CollegeAmerica, and California College San Diego were purchased by a tax-exempt organization in 2012. Nonprofit status was initially declined by the U.S. Department of Education and then granted in 2018.
Sunstate Academy was purchased by the family-run Compass-Rose Foundation in 2003.
Ultimate Medical Academy switched from nonprofit to for-profit in 2005, and then converted back in 2015.
See also
Student loan debt
List of universities and colleges by country
For-profit higher education in the United States
References | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20for-profit%20universities%20and%20colleges |
Hazelhatch () is a townland in South Dublin on the border with County Kildare in Ireland. It is located on the R405 regional road, approximately halfway between Celbridge and Newcastle. The Grand Canal passes through the area, and Hazelhatch is one of the places of recreational activity along the Grand Canal, with fishing and boating. There is one pub in Hazelhatch, beside the canal. Although there is no conventional village centre, there is a concentration of one-off houses in the surrounding area. As of the 2011 census, Hazelhatch townland had a population of 62 people.
Transport
The Heuston main railway line to Dublin eastwards and Cork, Limerick and Galway westwards passes through Hazelhatch. Hazelhatch and Celbridge railway station opened on 4 August 1846 and closed for goods traffic on 9 June 1947.
During the mid 2000's the railway line was expanded from double track to quadruple track, in order to improve the commuter and intercity services. There was a proposal to electrify the line between Hazelhatch and Dublin, but this was shelved following the post-2008 Irish economic downturn. Hazelhatch is referred by railwaymen and trainspotters as 'The Hatch'. Nearby Stacumny Bridge is one of the most popular places in Ireland for trainspotting due to the quadruple tracks, the frequency and high speeds of trains and the freight and engineering trains that must pass here leaving Dublin.
Hazelhatch is located equidistant from the M4 at Celbridge and the N7 Naas Road. Other nearby places include Lyons House, Stacumny House and Ardclough.
References
Geography of County Kildare
Places in South Dublin (county)
Townlands of County Dublin | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazelhatch |
Jill Banner (born Mary Molumby, November 8, 1946 – August 7, 1982) was an American film actress. She played Virginia, the "spider baby" in the 1968 cult horror-comedy film Spider Baby. She also had roles as James Coburn's flower child friend in The President's Analyst (1967), and appearances in Jack Webb's television series, Dragnet.
Early life
Banner was born in Bremerton, Washington. After her father's death in 1949, she and her mother lived in South Dakota and Iowa, near relatives, finally ending up in Glendale, California. She studied at the Hollywood Professional School, a K-12 school for working professional children run by Maurice and Bertha Mann, where classes typically ran from 8:45 AM to 12:45 PM, allowing the students the afternoon off to pursue various jobs or performing careers. The school assemblies, called "Aud. Calls", were early showcases for the talents of students aspiring to be dancers, singers, and actors. She graduated in 1964.
Film and television
Banner's film acting began in 1964 with Spider Baby, also starring Sid Haig and Lon Chaney Jr. and directed by Jack Hill. However, the film was tied up in litigation and was not released until 1967 under various titles, including Attack of the Liver Eaters, Cannibal Orgy, and The Maddest Story Ever Told. The black and white feature quickly faded from view. Spider Baby became known largely through the efforts of Los Angeles cult film resurrectionist Johnny Legend. The film tells the story of the Merrye family, who suffer from a degenerative disease. While Spider Baby remained in legal limbo, Banner was uncredited in Deadlier Than the Male (1966), a British mystery about two female assassins. In 1967, she played Wendy, a wholesome teenager, in C'mon, Let's Live a Little, one of the last of the Beach party films, and as Caroline in the Spaghetti Western The Stranger Returns.
In the psychedelically paranoid spy spoof The President's Analyst (1967), Banner played a flower child named "Snow White" who temporarily rescues Dr. Sidney Schaefer from a combined conspiracy of the American CIA, the Russian KGB, and The Phone Company (referred to cryptically as "TPC"). She was featured in several episodes of Jack Webb's police-procedural shows, Dragnet and Adam-12, usually playing clueless teenagers and spaced-out daytrippers.
Banner performed in several movies and TV shows in the late 1960s and early 1970s, including Shadow Over Elveron (1968) with Don Ameche and Adam-12 co-star Kent McCord. In The Stranger Returns (also known as Shoot First Laugh Last and Un Uomo, Un Cavallo, Una Pistola), Banner played the pretty daughter of a corrupt postal official who falls into the hands of banditos, only to be rescued by The Stranger. She was also featured in Hunters Are For Killing (1970), an early Burt Reynolds movie. She later appeared in episodes of the television shows The Bold Ones and Cade's County. She had an uncredited bit part in Christian Marquand's 1968 film Candy, but her scene was deleted from the final print.
Later years
Banner abandoned Hollywood for a real estate job in New Mexico in 1976. Marlon Brando's 1994 autobiography, Songs My Mother Taught Me, discusses the couple's relationship. Banner returned to Southern California in the early 1980s, reportedly to develop scripts.
Death
On August 7, 1982, Banner's Toyota was hit by a truck on the Ventura Freeway. Thrown from the vehicle, she later died at North Hollywood's Riverside Hospital. She was 35 years old. She is interred at Valhalla Memorial Park Cemetery.
References
Sources
External links
The Films of Jack Hill
1946 births
1982 deaths
American film actresses
Actors from Glendale, California
Actresses from Greater Los Angeles
Road incident deaths in California
Burials at Valhalla Memorial Park Cemetery
20th-century American actresses
Brando family | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jill%20Banner |
Margaret Brundage, born Margaret Hedda Johnson (December 9, 1900April 9, 1976), was an American illustrator and painter who is remembered chiefly for having illustrated the pulp magazine Weird Tales. Working in pastels on illustration board, she created most of the covers for Weird Tales between 1933 and 1938.
Early life
Brundage was born in Chicago, Illinois, of Swedish and Irish ancestry. Her father, Jonathan Emanuel Johnson, died when she was eight years old; she was raised by her mother Margaret Jane (Loutit) Johnson and grandmother Margaret (Houston) Loutit, for whom she was named, in a Christian Science household. Both her parents had come to Chicago from the Orkney Islands off the coast of Scotland. Brundage's mother remained both a widow and a devout Christian Scientist for the rest of her life, and supplemented their income by instructing beginning Christian Science disciples.
Margaret Hedda Johnson graduated from Girard Grammar School and attended McKinley High School in Chicago, where Walt Disney was a classmate. ("I finished; he didn't," she later remarked.) She graduated from McKinley in 1919. She was editor of the high school newspaper. Immediately after high school, Margaret worked providing illustrations for Chicago newspapers; she would draw fashion designs in both colour and in black-and-white, from ideas and descriptions provided by an agency. Her education continued at Art Institute of Chicago and the Chicago Academy of Fine Arts in the 1920s; she later stated that her failure to graduate was due to her inept lettering, though she continued her freelance work for the agency while she completed her coursework. During this period of the Prohibition, Margaret also worked at the Dill Pickle Club, a bohemian speakeasy affiliated with the Wobblies, where she met a sometime decorator and house painter nicknamed "Slim" due to his spare frame. This was Myron Reed Brundage, legendary writer, free thinker, and alleged womaniser.
In 1927, she married Myron "Slim" Brundage in Chicago. Brundage was a former hobo, and the founder of the College of Complexes. They had one son, Kerlyn Byrd Brundage (born 27 August 1927; died 1972), always called "Byrd". The marriage ended in divorce in 1939.
Career
In 1932 Brundage was looking for more work, and found herself at the office of Farnsworth Wright, then editor of the weird fiction magazine Weird Tales. Brundage began working for Wright by doing a few covers for his side publication Oriental Stories, later known as The Magic Carpet. Wright was so impressed with these that he hired Brundage to draw for Weird Tales. Over the period from 1933 to 1938, Brundage executed cover art, first for then, famously, for Weird Tales. She was the most frequently-appearing cover artist on Weird Tales during her stint with the magazine. Her first cover appeared on the September 1932 issue; she created covers for 39 straight issues from June 1933 to August 1936. Her last original cover was for the Jan. 1945 issue, for a total of 66 original-artwork covers. (The total of 67, often cited in sources, includes a repeat of that final 1945 cover on the November 1953 issue.) She was paid $90 per cover—enough to support herself, her son, and her invalid mother (died 1940). From 1936 through 1938, Brundage often alternated with others as cover artist; Virgil Finlay was her chief competitor.
Brundage's art frequently featured damsels in distress in various states of full or partial nudity; her whipping scenes were especially noteworthy and controversial. Her sensual images usually illustrated scenes from the pieces chosen by editor Farnsworth Wright as cover stories; her work was so popular among readers that some WT writers, like Seabury Quinn, cannily included scenes in their stories that would make good Brundage covers, since cover feature stories earned their authors more money.
Pulp covers were notorious for their explicit content, and Brundage's were no exception. During this time, it would have been seen as unacceptable for a woman to be creating such material so she signed her work "M. Brundage", to keep her identity in the dark for her readers. Complaints about the erotic nature of her work increased after October 1934, when editor Wright revealed that the "M." stood for "Margaret," disclosing that the artist was a woman. After 1938, when the magazine's editorial offices moved from Chicago to New York City, a new 'decency' standard was imposed (primarily through the efforts of then-mayor of New York Fiorello La Guardia) on pulp magazines sold at newsstands, and the nude or semi-nude young women that had been the primary subjects of Brundage's covers were out. Practical problems with shipping Brundage's fragile pastel art from Chicago to New York also diminished her appeal to the editorial regime that followed Wright's 1940 departure.
In 1939, Brundage painted two covers for Golden Fleece, a Chicago-based pulp magazine that specialized in historical fiction.
She continued to draw after her relationship with the magazine ended, and appeared at a number of science fiction conventions and art fairs, where some of her original period works were stolen. Yet she never fully recovered financially from the loss of regular work at WT; her later years were spent in relative poverty. She continued to work until her death.
Reception
During her period as a Weird Tales cover artist, letters praising Brundage's work appeared in the magazine from Robert E. Howard, Henry Kuttner, and A. Merritt.
L. Sprague de Camp is often quoted as claiming she used her daughters as models, but Brundage had no daughters. De Camp himself debunked the claim at one point, writing "About Margaret Brundage's luscious babes on the covers of Weird Tales, a rumor was once rife that Mrs. Brundage used her two daughters as models. Later she said she had no daughters and that, since she couldn't then afford professional models, she cut pictures from magazine advertisements for models. Hence the ubiquitous coiffures of the early 1930s." The claim had previously been refuted by Robert Weinberg, an authority on pulp magazines, who wrote in the letters page for Savage Tales magazine, No.5 (July, 1974), "much as I hate to discredit a good story, WT cover artist Margaret Brundage did not have a daughter who posed for her. As Mrs. Brundage lives in Chicago and I have interviewed her, this is straight from the artist's mouth."
L. Sprague de Camp described the typical subject of her pictures as "naked heroines being tortured, raped, and disemboweled"; Forrest J. Ackerman similarly wrote of "Margaret Brundage, with her titillating pulchrinudes on the covers of Weird Tales: naked ladies being sacrificed, semi-clad heroines being menaced by all manner of monstrous beings."
Clark Ashton Smith was sharply critical of her illustrations. In December 1933 he wrote to H. P. Lovecraft: "The current W.T. design, though pleasing enough in color, is curiously suggestive of a Christmas card! [...] Mrs. Brundage [...] has about as much genuine feeling for the weird as a Jersey cow is likely to possess. The best angles in this picture (the hands of the Chinaman, etc) seem to have been swiped by unconscious cerebration from Utpatel's drawing for 'The Star-Spawn' by Derleth and Schorer." On September 9, 1937, he wrote to R. H. Barlow: "Query: why does Brundage try to make all her women look like wet-nurses? It's a funny, not to say tiresome, complex."
Notes
References
Stephen D. Korshak and J. David Spurlock, The Alluring Art of Margaret Brundage: Queen of Pulp Pin-Up Art Foreword by Rowena (Vanguard / Shasta-Phoenix, 2013)
L. Sprague de Camp. Lovecraft: a Biography (Doubleday, 1975)
R. Alain Everts, "Margaret Brundage", Etching & Odysseys 2 (53-61), 1983.
Ray Russell, "Of Human Brundage". Playboy, Feb 1991 (vol 38, no. 2) pp. 106–109
Selected Letters of Clark Ashton Smith. Ed. Scott Connors and David E. Schulz, (Arkham House, 2003)
External links
Mrs. Margaret Brundage
Her Biography
Margaret Brundage illustrations at Google Images
Eric Molinsky, Tales of Margaret Brundage, Imaginary Worlds podcast, episode 112, 3 April 2019
The Alluring Art of Margaret Brundage: Queen of Pulp Pin-Up Art at Stuart NG Books
Margaret Brundage
1900 births
1976 deaths
American women illustrators
American illustrators
American speculative fiction artists
Fantasy artists
Artists from Chicago
School of the Art Institute of Chicago alumni
American people of Swedish descent
American people of Irish descent
Weird Tales
20th-century American women artists
Pulp fiction artists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret%20Brundage |
Ron Meeks (born August 27, 1954) is a former gridiron football player and coach. His son is former Stanford cornerback Quenton Meeks.
Meeks played high school football for the Robert E. Lee Generals in Jacksonville, Florida. Meeks played college football at Arkansas State University and in the professionally in the Canadian Football League (CFL) with the Hamilton Tiger-Cats, Ottawa Rough Riders and Toronto Argonauts.
Meeks started coaching in the National Football League (NFL) for the Dallas Cowboys in 1991 and coached for the Cincinnati Bengals, Atlanta Falcons, Washington Redskins and St. Louis Rams, before joining the Indianapolis Colts in 2002. He resigned as the Colts defensive coordinator on January 20, 2009. He was hired as the defensive coordinator for the Carolina Panthers on January 26, 2009. His contract with the Panthers expired after the 2010 season. He was re-signed as their defensive backs coach on January 17, 2011. On January 24, 2012, Meeks agreed to become the new defensive backs coach of the San Diego Chargers.
References
1954 births
Living people
African-American players of Canadian football
Arkansas State Red Wolves football players
Atlanta Falcons coaches
Carolina Panthers coaches
Cincinnati Bengals coaches
Dallas Cowboys coaches
Hamilton Tiger-Cats players
Indianapolis Colts coaches
Miami Hurricanes football coaches
National Football League defensive coordinators
Ottawa Rough Riders players
San Diego Chargers coaches
Players of American football from Jacksonville, Florida
Robert E. Lee High School (Jacksonville) alumni
St. Louis Rams coaches
Toronto Argonauts players
Washington Redskins coaches
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American sportspeople | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron%20Meeks |
District 2 of the Texas Senate is a senatorial district that serves all of Delta, Fannin, Hopkins, Hunt, Kaufman, Rains, Rockwall and Van Zandt counties, and portions of Dallas county in the U.S. state of Texas. The current Senator from District 2 is Bob Hall.
Election history
Election history of District 2 from 1992.
Most recent elections
2022
2018
2014
2010
2006
Previous elections
2002
2000
1996
1994
1992
Federal and statewide results in District 2
District officeholders
References
02 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas%20Senate%2C%20District%202 |
The Chatham Garden Theatre or Chatham Theatre was a playhouse in the Chatham Gardens of New York City. It was located on the north side of Chatham Street on Park Row between Pearl and Duane streets in lower Manhattan. The grounds ran through to Augustus Street. The Chatham Garden Theatre was the first major competition to the high-class Park Theatre, though in its later years it sank to the bottom of New York's stratified theatrical order, below even the Bowery Theatre.
The Chatham Garden was converted to the Free Presbyterian Chatham Street Chapel in 1832.
Creation and early seasons
The theatre began quite humbly. In 1823 Hippolite Barrière, the manager of the Chatham Gardens in New York City, erected a white, canvas tent in his public pleasure grounds. He dubbed it the Pavilion Theatre and began staging drama there with a ticket price of 25¢. The tent, which was used for other concerts and plays, also housed a saloon. The makeshift playhouse operated through the summer, perhaps the first such summer theatre in the United States.
Stephen Price, manager of New York's Park Theatre, tried to put a stop to Barrière's enterprise by reporting the tent to the authorities as a fire hazard. Barrière responded by erecting a brick-and-mortar structure on the site. The new building, named the Chatham Garden Theatre, opened on 17 May 1824 and played through the normal season.
The theater was an ornate structure designed by architect George Conklin. It had no gallery, and it did not admit African Americans. The balcony was on the same level as the lobby and fronted the garden. The walls had slits and the doorways only blinds to facilitate airflow. Karl Bernhard, a visitor to New York in 1825–26, left this description:
However, the theatre's location was difficult to find. It was only accessible by passing through private buildings on the west side of Chatham Street. The New-York Mirror offered these instructions:
The Chatham Garden Theatre offered popular actors at reasonable prices, and it did well. The playhouse provided the first real competition for the upper-class Park Theatre in its second season, which began on 9 May 1825. It remained a classy establishment for the next three seasons. During this time, it produced the first two American operas, The Sawmill in 1824 and The Forest Rose in 1825.
Later management
Barrière died on 21 February 1826. On 15 March, the Chatham Garden Theatre was sold at auction to Henry Wallack for $4,500. Wallack reopened it on 20 March for a four-month season. He then refurbished and redecorated the playhouse before reopening on 9 October 1826. However, Wallack went bankrupt, and he was forced to close the Chatham Garden Theatre in April 1827.
Later managers changed the theatre's focus from upper-class drama and opera to fare that appealed to the lower classes. A man named Megary took over as lessee and managed a short season beginning 16 June 1827 and another beginning on 3 December. Kilner and Maywood followed him, with a season beginning 9 June 1828.
In 1829, James H. Hackett took over and renamed the building the American Opera House. He offered two seasons of primarily light, popular music from 20 May 1829 to 1 September 1829. George Barrett and C. Young took over from him on 24 December, but their tenure lasted less than two weeks. The Opera House became Blanchard's Amphi-theatre on 18 January 1830, which specialized in equestrian entertainment and light drama. S. Phillips followed as manager on 11 March 1831; he lasted until May when Charles R. Thorne took the role. Finally, Thomas S. Hamblin purchased the theatre in late June 1831. The 1831–2 season was its last.
Since Barrière's death, the Chatham Garden had slipped to the low end of New York's entertainment industry. It was known for fistfights among its patrons, drunken brawls, and openness to prostitution. Of New York's three big theatres (the Park and the Bowery being the other two), it had the roughest reputation. Brothels thrived on the same block. Frances Trollope described the playhouse in no uncertain terms:
Nevertheless, Mrs Trollope's description reveals that the theatre may not have been as raffish as its reputation made it sound. The presence of a nursing mother suggests that the theatre was lower-class, certainly, but also family-oriented.
Presbyterian chapel
In the spring of 1832, Lewis Tappan and William Green rented the building. They offered it to the Presbyterian minister Charles Grandison Finney, a radical abolitionist who converted it into the Free Presbyterian Chatham Street Chapel. In October 1832, the chapel was the site of the first national Sunday School convention in the United States. Over the next ten years, at first here, then from 1835 to 1836 at the massive new Broadway Tabernacle, Finney gave sermons each Sunday to crowds as large as 3000 and led revivals three times a week. The Sacred Music Society, a popular religious choir, rented the building for two nights a week in this period at a cost of $850 a year. Philip Hone described his reaction to a performance in 1835:
In its later years, the church became a hotel. The building has since been demolished, and the land is now the site of a Metropolitan Correctional Center federal facility housing male and female pre-trial and holdover inmates, serving the Southern District of New York.
Notes
References
Bank, Rosemarie K. (1997). Theatre Culture in America, 1825—1860. Cambridge University Press.
Bernhard, Karl, Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (1828). Travels through North America, During the Years 1825 and 1826. New York City: G & C Carvill.
Henderson, Mary C. (2004). The City and the Theatre. New York City: Back Stage Books.
Kilde, Jeanne Halgren (2002). When Church Became Theatre: The Transformation of Evangelical Architecture and Worship in Nineteenth-century America. New York: Oxford University Press.
Lawrence, Vera Brodsky (1988). Strong on Music: The New York Music Scene in the Days of George Templeton Strong. Volume I: Resonances, 1838-1849. The University of Chicago Press.
Trollope, Frances (1832). Domestic Manners of the Americans.
Wilmeth, Don B., and Bigsby, C. W. E. (1998) The Cambridge History of American Theatre: Beginnings to 1870. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Wilmeth, Don B., and Miller, Tice L., eds. (1996). Cambridge Guide to American Theatre. New York: Cambridge University Press.
External links
1823 establishments in New York (state)
Commercial buildings completed in 1824
1832 disestablishments in New York (state)
Former theatres in Manhattan
Demolished theatres in New York City
Demolished buildings and structures in Manhattan
Cultural history of New York City
19th century in New York City | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chatham%20Garden%20Theatre |
Baaiduinen is a village on the Frisian Wadden Sea island of Terschelling in the Netherlands. It had a population of 106 in January 2017.
Baaiduinen is surrounded by the much older hamlets of Kinnum, Kaart (Kaard) en Horp. Baaiduinen is the youngest village on Terschelling and has only been recognized as a separate settlement in the 19th century. North of Baaiduinen is a polder landscape named het Hoge Land ("the highlands").
Tourism has replaced dairy farming as the main source of income and most farms have been rebuilt to accommodate tourists.
References
Populated places in Friesland
Terschelling | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baaiduinen |
In computing, IIf (an abbreviation for Immediate if) is a function in several editions of the Visual Basic programming language and ColdFusion Markup Language (CFML), and on spreadsheets that returns the second or third parameter based on the evaluation of the first parameter. It is an example of a conditional expression, which is similar to a conditional statement.
Syntax
The syntax of the IIf function is as follows:
IIf(expr, truepart, falsepart)
All three parameters are required:
expr is the expression that is to be evaluated.
truepart defines what the IIf function returns if the evaluation of expr returns true.
falsepart defines what the IIf function returns if the evaluation of expr returns false.
Many languages have an operator to accomplish the same purpose, generally referred to as a conditional operator (or, less precisely, as a ternary operator); the best known is ?:, as used in C, C++, and related languages. Some of the problems with the IIf function, as discussed later, do not exist with a conditional operator, because the language is free to examine the type and delay evaluation of the operands, as opposed to simply passing them to a library function.
Examples
These examples evaluate mathematical expressions and return one of two strings depending on the outcome.
result = IIf(5 < 10, "Yes it is", "No it isn't") ' Returns "Yes it is"
result = IIf(2 + 2 = 5, "Correct", "Wrong") ' Returns "Wrong"
Criticisms
Efficiency
Because IIf is a library function, it will always require the overhead of a function call, whereas a conditional operator will more likely produce inline code.
Furthermore, the data type of its arguments is Variant. If the function is called with arguments of other types (variables or literals), there will be additional overhead to convert these to Variant. There may also be additional overhead to check the argument types and convert one of them if they do not have the same type.
Side effects
Another issue with IIf arises because it is a library function: unlike the C-derived conditional operator, both truepart and the falsepart will be evaluated regardless of which one is actually returned. In the following code snippet:
value = 10
result = IIf(value = 10, ''TrueFunction'', FalseFunction)
although TrueFunction is the function intended to be called, IIf will call both TrueFunction and FalseFunction. Similarly,
a = 10
b = 0
result = IIf(b <> 0, a / b, 0)
While the intent may be to avoid a division by zero, whenever b is zero the error will actually happen. This is because the code in the snippet is executed as if by
a = 10
b = 0
_temp1 = b <> 0
_temp2 = a / b ' Error if b = 0
_temp3 = 0
If _temp1 Then
result = _temp2
Else
result = _temp3
End If
This issue makes the IIf() call less useful than the conditional operator. To solve this issue, Microsoft developers had considered converting IIf to an intrinsic function; had this happened, the compiler would have been able to perform type inference and short-circuiting by replacing the function call with inline code.
Alternatives to IIf
In Visual Basic, IIf is not the sole way to evaluate and perform actions based on whether an expression is true or false.
The following example uses IIf:
result = IIf(x = y, value1, value2)
It could also be written in the following way, using standard conditionals:
If x = y Then
result = value1
Else
result = value2
End If
The above example would also eliminate the problem of IIf evaluating both its truepart and falsepart parameters.
Visual Basic 2008 (VB 9.0) introduced a true conditional operator, called simply "If", which also eliminates this problem. Its syntax is similar to the IIf function's syntax:
result = If(x = y, value1, value2)
IIf in other programming languages
$iif() is present in mIRC script, with similar syntax.
alias testiif {
%testiif = 0
echo -a $iif(1,$testiif2,$testiif2) %testiif execution(s)
unset %testiif
}
alias testiif2 { inc %testiif | return testing $!iif: }
Calling /testiif will print out "testing $iif: 1 execution(s)". mIRC's $iif acts more like C's ?: than IIf() in VB since it won't pre-evaluate both.
IIF() is a function in dBase and xBase (1992 and older).
iif() is also a compiler magic function of Oxygene. It is not a real function and is at compile time unrolled to conditional statements.
var someString := iif(someInt > 35 , 'Large', 'Small');
In this example a new strong type string named "someString" is created (using Type inference) and the iif function will fill it depending on the outcome of the boolean expression.
SQL Server 2012 and newer implements the IIF() function (Transact-SQL):
DECLARE @a int = 45;
DECLARE @b int = 40;
SELECT IIF ( @a > @b, 'TRUE', 'FALSE' ) AS Result;
IIf in C is the ?: conditional operator:
printf("number %d is%s even", num, num % 2 ? " not" : "");
IIf in Python:
parity = "odd" if n % 2 else "even"
IIf (either) in Red and Rebol:
parity: either odd? n ['odd]['even]
References
External links
MSDN Documentation for IIf
Microsoft Visual Studio
Conditional constructs
Articles with example Python (programming language) code
Articles with example BASIC code
BASIC programming language | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IIf |
District 3 of the Texas Senate is a senatorial district that serves all of Anderson, Angelina, Cherokee, Hardin, Henderson, Houston, Jasper, Nacogdoches, Newton, Polk, Sabine, San Augustine, San Jacinto, Shelby, Trinity and Tyler counties, and portions of Montgomery and Smith counties in the U.S. state of Texas. The current Senator from District 3 is Robert Nichols.
Election history
Election history of District 3 from 1992.
Past elections
2018
2014
2012
2006
2002
2000
1996
1994
1992
District officeholders
References
03 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas%20Senate%2C%20District%203 |
Villa Jesús María, Baja California is a small town in Baja California, Mexico, on Highway 1 between El Rosarito to the north and Guerrero Negro to the south. It is located toward the southern end of the Sebastián Vizcaíno Bay, due east of Isla de Cedros. It is one of the boroughs (Spanish: delegaciones) of the San Quintín Municipality.
The main economic activity is fishing. In 2011, 3600 chocolate clams (Megapitaria squalida) were being extracted per month in Faro Viejo, a location in the Villa Jesús María borough.
In June 2020 the State Attorney of Baja California, Juan Guillermo Ruiz Hernández, visited the Villa Jesús María to discuss issues of crime and insecurity with residents of the area.
References
2010 census tables: INEGI
San Quintín Municipality | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villa%20Jes%C3%BAs%20Mar%C3%ADa |
Mike Smith (born June 13, 1959) is a former American football coach. He is a former head coach of the NFL's Atlanta Falcons, a position he held from 2008 to 2014. He previously served as the defensive coordinator for the Jacksonville Jaguars between 2003 and 2007. During his tenure as the head coach of the Falcons, Smith became the franchise's winningest head coach by number of wins in addition to being the recipient of the 2008 NFL Coach of the Year Award by the Associated Press and was also voted NFL Coach of the Year Award by the Sporting News in 2008, 2010 and 2012.
Early years
Raised in Daytona Beach, Florida, Smith played linebacker at Father Lopez Catholic High School, earning all-state honors. He played collegiately for East Tennessee State University between 1977 and 1981, and was chosen as defensive MVP twice. He briefly played professionally for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers of the Canadian Football League, for the 1982 season, before retiring as a player.
Coaching career
College Coaching
Smith decided to take up coaching after his playing days were over, starting in various assistant capacities with several Division I colleges before moving on to the NFL: San Diego State (1982–1985), Morehead State (1986) and Tennessee Tech (1987–1998).
Baltimore Ravens and Jacksonville Jaguars
His first NFL job was as defensive assistant/defensive line coach for the Baltimore Ravens in 1999 under defensive line coach Rex Ryan for three seasons. In 2002, he was promoted to linebackers' coach for head coach Brian Billick, tutoring such future standouts as Ray Lewis, Peter Boulware, Jamie Sharper and Adalius Thomas, and in that capacity helped the 2000 Ravens win Super Bowl XXXV. On January 21, 2003, he was again promoted, moving on to be defensive coordinator of the Jacksonville Jaguars for incoming head coach Jack Del Rio.
Atlanta Falcons
In 2008, Smith became head coach for the first time at any level, taking charge of the Atlanta Falcons and starting off his first season by installing rookie Matt Ryan as starting quarterback to open the season against the Detroit Lions. In his debut as an NFL head coach, his Falcons beat the Lions 34–21. Atlanta's 216 yards of total offense in the first quarter was the highest in over two decades, eclipsing their October 13, 1991 mark of 172 yards against San Francisco. His first loss, against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, was mitigated by winning his first coach's challenge, on the spotting of the ball after a Roddy White reception in the third quarter, giving the Falcons a first down and keeping the drive alive. Stars like Michael Turner, Roddy White, Michael Jenkins and John Abraham helped him carry the Falcons to their first playoff berth since 2004, although they lost fairly narrowly to the eventual NFC champion Arizona Cardinals in the wild-card round of the 2008 NFL playoffs. He was named the 2008 AP Coach of the year and NFL Coach of the Year, beating out Miami Dolphins head coach Tony Sparano in the voting.
In his second season, Smith and the Falcons overcame a difficult schedule and several key injuries (to QB Ryan and RB Turner) to end up with a 9–7 finish and second place in the NFC South. While they failed to reach the playoffs, this marked the first time the team had ever had back-to-back winning seasons.
In 2010, he led the Falcons to a NFC-best season record of 13–3, earning the team's second NFC South title and fourth divisional championship overall before being beaten at home by the eventual Super Bowl XLV champions, the Green Bay Packers, 48–21 in the NFC Divisional Round.
The 2011 season ended with another winning record (10–6) and Smith's third playoff appearance (a first-round loss, by another eventual Super Bowl champion, the New York Giants).
In 2012 Smith led the Falcons to a league best 13–3 record and recorded his first win in the postseason as Falcons head coach, edging the Seattle Seahawks 30–28 in the 2012 NFC Divisional Playoffs. With the win, Atlanta also made their 3rd all-time appearance in the NFC Championship Game, and hosted the game for the first time in their history against the San Francisco 49ers. The Falcons were beaten 28–24 after taking the lead 10–0 in the 1st Quarter. Also in the 2012 season, Smith earned his 50th win by defeating the Philadelphia Eagles on October 28, passing Dan Reeves as the best-performing coach in Falcons history by number of wins. Smith reached 50 wins in 71 games, which is good for 3rd-best since the AFL-NFL merger in 1970, surpassed only by Chuck Knox who earned his 50th win in 65 games and by George Seifert in 62 games.
Smith was named Sporting News 2012 Coach of the Year for the 3rd time by a pool of 27 NFL coaches and executives.
In the 2013 season, the Falcons slumped to a 4–12 record, and Smith was eventually named the head coach of the North Team in the 2014 Senior Bowl.
On December 28, 2014, multiple media outlets reported that the Falcons had hired Korn Ferry, a reputed firm, to assist in finding potential candidates to replace Smith should he be fired. Later that day, the Falcons lost to the Carolina Panthers 34–3. The game determined the NFC South champion, despite both teams having a losing record. On December 29, 2014, Smith was fired, after two losing seasons in a row.
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
On January 15, 2016, Smith was named the defensive coordinator for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, under former assistant Dirk Koetter, who was named the Buccaneers' head coach that same day. On October 15, 2018, Smith was fired after leading Tampa Bay to the league's worst defense through the first six weeks of the season.
Head coaching record
Hula Bowl
In January 2022, Smith coached Team Aina in the Hula Bowl, a college football postseason all-star game. He returned as head coach of the same squad in 2023.
Personal life
Smith is the oldest of eight children. Mike and his wife, Julie, have one daughter, Logan. Mike is the brother-in-law of former NFL head coach Brian Billick.
References
1959 births
Living people
American football linebackers
Atlanta Falcons head coaches
Baltimore Ravens coaches
East Tennessee State Buccaneers football players
Jacksonville Jaguars coaches
Morehead State Eagles football coaches
National Football League defensive coordinators
San Diego State Aztecs football coaches
Sportspeople from Chicago
Sportspeople from Daytona Beach, Florida
Tampa Bay Buccaneers coaches
Tennessee Tech Golden Eagles football coaches
Winnipeg Blue Bombers players
Players of American football from Chicago | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike%20Smith%20%28American%20football%20coach%29 |
Alexander Solomon Wiener (March 16, 1907 – November 6, 1976), was an American biologist and physician, specializing in the fields of forensic medicine, serology, and immunogenetics. His pioneer work led to discovery of the Rh factor in 1937, along with Dr. Karl Landsteiner, and subsequently to the development of exchange transfusion methods that saved the lives of countless infants with hemolytic disease of the newborn. He received a Lasker Award for his achievement in 1946.
Life
Alexander Solomon Wiener was born in Brooklyn, New York, the son of George Wiener, an attorney who had emigrated from Russia in 1903, and Mollie (Zuckerman) Wiener. He attended Brooklyn public schools, graduating from Brooklyn Boys' High School at the age of 15. He was awarded scholarships to attend Cornell University where he continued his study of mathematics and even contributed mathematical problems to the American Mathematical Monthly. He majored in biology, however, receiving his A.B. in 1926. He then entered the Long Island College of Medicine where he was awarded an M.D. in 1930.
His kinship to Norbert Wiener is unclear.
During his time in medical school Wiener did research work on blood groups at the Jewish Hospital of Brooklyn and from 1930 to 1932 he interned there and kept up a lifelong affiliation with that institution as the head of the Division of Genetics and Biometrics (1933–1935) and as the head of the blood transfusion division until 1952. Since 1932 he had a medical practice and in 1935 he founded the Wiener Laboratories for clinical pathology and blood grouping. In 1938 he became a member of the Department of Forensic Medicine of New York University School of Medicine, rising to the rank of professor by 1968. Since the 1930s he co-operated with the office of the Chief Medical Examiner of New York City.
Wiener was a good pianist and he also enjoyed tennis and golf. He kept up his lifelong interest in mathematics and physics by reading in these areas. In recognition of his contribution to forensic medicine he was awarded an honorary membership of the Mystery Writers of America.
In 1932 Wiener married Gertrude Rodman and they had two daughters, Jane and Barbara. Wiener died of leukemia in New York on 6 November 1976.
Important contributions in hematology
Blood "fingerprinting"
Wiener began working with Landsteiner at the age of 23, shortly after beginning his work at Brooklyn Jewish Hospital, where he remained for the rest of his life. Much of their initial work revolved around the M Factor, which they discovered was actually five different, distinct blood factors.
This encouraged them in their quest to create a blood "fingerprint," a unique blood profile that could be used in legal and criminal matters. Wiener pioneered much of the type of blood testing that has now, in the age of DNA, become commonplace. Along with his work in his Brooklyn lab, Wiener also did a considerable amount of work in a Manhattan lab where he concentrated on forensics, assisting the police in numerous investigations by analyzing the blood (or related fluids) of those involved.
Numerous articles and chapters of books with real life crime stories were written about Dr. Wiener's work in criminology. Along with his father, George Wiener, a lawyer. Wiener helped draft a new set of laws addressing the recent scientific advancements in blood identification. He was a member of the American Medical Association legal committee that sponsored blood test laws in all states, and he was the co-author of its 1935 report. His work in the genetics of the blood factors also allowed him to be of assistance in many paternity cases.
He was eventually made an honorary member of the Mystery Writers of America for his work.
Rh factor
When Wiener and Landsteiner discovered the Rh factor in 1937 (named after the Rhesus monkeys used as test subjects), they did not immediately realize its significance. It was seen as yet another factor, not much different from the M, N, or P factors—useful for "fingerprinting," but not having much more extended implications. However, Wiener soon realized that the new blood factor they had discovered was associated with problems in blood transfusions. Although the first time Rh positive blood is transfused into someone with Rh negative blood, it may not cause any harm, it does cause the creation of antibodies which make a second such transfusion very dangerous. By the time he and Landsteiner published in 1940, Wiener was able to demonstrate the role of Rh sensitization as a cause of intragroup hemolytic reactions, thus increasing the safety of blood transfusions.
Also, in conjunction with Philip Levine's separate work which helped identify the Rh factor as a major cause of erythroblastosis fetalis, or Rh disease, he was able to help solve a major cause of infant fatality. In 1946, Dr. Wiener created the first medical procedure to combat the problem, which he called an exchange transfusion. It consisted of a complete blood transfusion for the affected baby. The method was further refined by Harry Wallerstein, a transfusionist.
Since then, less extreme methods have been found to deal with erythroblastosis fetalis. However, at the time, the procedure was able to save over 200,000 lives.
Nomenclature and genetics
A lot of Wiener's later work involved examining the genetics of the Rh factor. In the process, he became embroiled in controversy, as an alternative theory, the so-called CDE-nomenclature was proposed by Robert Russell Race and Ronald Fisher, hence also called Race-Fisher theory, which was somewhat simpler to understand. Although Wiener's theories on the genetics of the Rh factor have recently proven to be closer to the actual DNA structure of the genes (though the current scientific understanding combines aspects of the two theories), there are still many who have adopted the CDE notations.
Wiener's theory is that Rh inheritance is controlled as follows:
There is one Rh locus at which occurs one Rh gene, but this gene has multiple alleles.
For example, one gene R1 produces one agglutinogen (antigen) Rh1 which is composed of three "factors": rh', Rh(o), and hr' '. The three factors are analogous to C, D, and e respectively in the CDE nomenclature. The d gene does not exist in Wiener's theory, and, in fact, has been proven not to exist at all.
In fact, it has recently been proven that there are two connected genes, one of which has multiple specificities, as Wiener theorized. So although he was incorrect to theorize that there was only one gene involved, the principle that a single gene can have multiple alleles, a revolutionary idea at the time, has proven true.
Awards
1946 Albert Lasker Award for clinical research awarded jointly with Karl Landsteiner and Philip Levine
1951 Passano Foundation Award
Publications
Rh-Hr Blood Types, New York 1954
with Irving Bernard Wexler: Heredity of the Blood Groups, New York 1958
with Karl Landsteiner: An agglutinable factor in human blood recognized by immune sera for rhesus blood. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1940;43:223-224.
Further reading
Addine Erskine The Principles and Practices of Blood Grouping,1978
Pauline M. H. Mazumdar Species and Specificity:An Interpretation of the History of Immunology, Cambridge University Press, 1995
David R. Zimmerman, Rh: The Intimate History of a Disease and Its Conquest Macmillan (1973) .
Edward Radin, 12 Against Crime, 1951. Putnam, New York. Specifically Chapter 8, "Master of Invisible Clues." [pp 135–52]
References
External links
Alexander S. Wiener brief bio
ScienceHeroes.com Biography and Lives Saved Counter
Rh factor article in the New York Times
1907 births
1976 deaths
Scientists from New York City
Jewish American scientists
American hematologists
American geneticists
American immunologists
20th-century American zoologists
SUNY Downstate Medical Center alumni
Cornell University alumni
Recipients of the Lasker–DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award
Boys High School (Brooklyn) alumni
20th-century American Jews | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20S.%20Wiener |
Divergence (1991) is a science fiction novel by American writer Charles Sheffield, part of his Heritage Universe series. The book, the sequel to Summertide, takes place millennia in the future when most of the Orion Arm of the galaxy has been colonized by humans and other races. Among the various star systems of this arm of the galaxy, a number of million-year-old artifacts have been discovered, remnants of a mysterious race called the Builders.
The characters in this book start just a few days after the previous book left off to go in search of a newly discovered artifact. This book introduces a few new characters that become important throughout the rest of the series. The characters work together to discover a new theory about the origins and current condition of the Builders. During this process, they discover that an old menace to the universe, thought to be extinct, has been unleashed upon the Orion Arm of the Milky Way once again.
The novel includes excerpts from the Lang Universal Artifact Catalog (Fourth Edition), and from the Universal Species Catalog (Subclass:Sapients).
The sequel to Divergence is Transcendence.
1991 American novels
Novels by Charles Sheffield
1991 science fiction novels | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divergence%20%28novel%29 |
Carl Hamilton Smith (born April 26, 1948) is an American football coach who is the associate head coach for the Seattle Seahawks of the National Football League (NFL). He had previously served as quarterbacks coach of the Cleveland Browns and offensive coordinator for the NFL's Jacksonville Jaguars and New Orleans Saints.
Smith attended Wasco Union High School in Wasco, California.
College career
Smith started his college playing career at Bakersfield College, a junior college in Bakersfield, California, where he played quarterback from 1966 to 1967. He transferred to Cal Poly San Luis Obispo, where he played two seasons at defensive back from 1969 to 1970. Smith earned his bachelor's (1971) and master's (1972) degrees in physical education from Cal Poly, as well as a teaching credential.
Coaching career
From 1997 to 1999, Smith was an assistant coach for the New England Patriots, at the time led by head coach Pete Carroll.
Smith was fired from the Jaguars on January 2, 2007. After taking two years off from football, he was hired on January 6, 2009, to be the quarterbacks coach at USC; he had held the position for the 2004 season, when the Trojans won a national championship and quarterback Matt Leinart won the Heisman Trophy. However, after only two weeks on the job, he left USC to join the Cleveland Browns.
Smith was hired to be quarterbacks coach of the Seahawks, effective February 24, 2011. He won his first Super Bowl title when the Seahawks defeated the Denver Broncos in Super Bowl XLVIII.
On February 5, 2019, Smith was hired as the quarterbacks coach for the Houston Texans. The Seahawks brought him back as the team's associate head coach on March 3, 2021.
References
External links
Seattle Seahawks bio
USC bio
USC Trojans football coaches
Jacksonville Jaguars coaches
National Football League offensive coordinators
New Orleans Saints coaches
New England Patriots coaches
Colorado Buffaloes football coaches
1948 births
Living people
Cleveland Browns coaches
Seattle Seahawks coaches
Houston Texans coaches
People from Wasco, California
Louisiana Ragin' Cajuns football coaches
Lamar Cardinals football coaches
NC State Wolfpack football coaches
Cal Poly Mustangs football players
Bakersfield Renegades football players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl%20Smith%20%28American%20football%29 |
Cootes Drive, formerly known as the Dundas Diversion, is a city street in Hamilton, Ontario. The route connects York Road and King Street in Dundas with Main Street (formerly Highway 2 and Highway 8) to the southeast, and is considered one of the first divided highways in Canada. Originally constructed as the Dundas Diversion, the route served to bypass several sharp turns along the nearby Highway8, as well as to demonstrate the new dual highway concept that would soon thereafter evolve into the 400-series highway network. Construction began in 1936, and the route opened on the weekend of September11, 1937.
Cootes Drive continued to be referred to as the Dundas Diversion by the Department of Highways (DHO), predecessor to the modern Ministry of Transportation of Ontario until 1947, though it occasionally appeared in internal documents as Highway8D and Highway6D in the early 1940s. By 1948, the route was publicly designated as Highway102, which it remained as until 1964 before being transferred to the townships of Ancaster and West Flamborough in 1964. It has since been known as Cootes Drive.
Route description
Cootes Drive connects Dundas with the Hamilton neighbourhoods of Ainslie Wood and Westdale, passing primarily through the swampland at the western head of Lake Ontario known as Cootes Paradise, for which the route is named. Cootes Paradise is named for Thomas Coote (nephew of Eyre Coote). Coote served as a lieutenant in the 8th (The King's) Regiment of Foot from 1776–1781 and later as a captain of the 34th (Cumberland) Regiment of Foot, and spent his free time shooting ducks in the marsh that came to be named for him.
The route begins at the intersection of King Street and York Street / York Road in downtown Dundas, where it forms a thoroughfare with King Street. The route immediately widens from two to four lanes and briefly travels diagonally through the eastern edge of the town, partially along the former alignment of Baldwin Street. After passing Dundas Street (former Highway 99), it exits Dundas and becomes sandwiched between the Desjardins Canal to the north and Spencer Creek as well as the former Hamilton Street Railway—now the Spencer Creek Trail—to the south. A recreational trail also follows adjacent to the south side of the road east of Dundas Street.
Cootes Drive intersects Olympic Drive and passes under several overhead power lines that connect to the adjacent Dundas Transformer Station; one of these lines turns east and follows along the south side of the road. Now serving as the southwestern boundary of the Royal Botanical Gardens, the route begins a long gentle curve to the south, crossing Spencer Creek midway through the curve. As it approaches the end of the curve, the power lines cross to the east and ramps serve Westaway Road, which passes over the road. The east side of the route is now dominated by McMaster University, while the residential neighbourhood of Ainslie Wood flanks the west side. The recreation trail ends at Sanders Boulevard, which stops short of an intersection with Cootes Drive, but features a traffic signal for pedestrians to cross to the university. After a brief jog eastward, Cootes Drive ends at an intersection with Main Street West. Leland Street continues south of Main Street West as a residential street.
History
The Dundas Diversion was one of the first divided dual-carriageway road built in Canada. As part of a plan to build "dual highways" across southern Ontario, Minister of Highways Thomas McQuesten had instructed his Deputy Minister, Robert Melville Smith, to research the Autobahns of Germany in 1934 and subsequently used this design to develop The Middle Road. McQuesten also began expanding short sections of Highway 2 in Windsor, Woodstock, Scarborough, and along what is now the Thousand Islands Parkway amongst other places. These sections were built in an effort to entice support amongst taxpayers for his larger plans.
The Dundas Diversion was another of these short new highways. It was first publicly announced by the Department of Highways (DHO), predecessor to the modern Ministry of Transportation of Ontario, in late June 1936, and construction began on July21. The majority of the grading was completed by November before construction was halted for the winter.
A contract was let for the paving of the graded route in April 1937,
and the new road—while not fully completed—was opened to traffic on the weekend of September11, 1937.
The DHO continued to refer to this route as the Dundas Diversion for several years,
before designating it as Highway8D for the first time in the Annual Report for 1940.
It remained as Highway8D through 1942,
before being labelled as Highway6D the following two years.
It returned to being labelled as the Dundas Diversion from 1944 to 1947, making it unclear if the route was ever signed with a number.
However, by 1948, the Dundas Diversion was signed as Highway102.
Highway102 remained in place until 1964, when responsibility and maintenance over the route was transferred to the townships of Ancaster and West Flamborough. The portion east of Spencer Creek was transferred to Ancaster on April1, while the portion to the west of the creek was transferred to West Flamborough on August14.
By 1969, the former highway was known as Cootes Drive.
The Highway102 designation was reused on a different highway near Thunder Bay by 1972.
In late October 2007, Hamilton City Council voted to assign the commemorative Veterans Memorial Parkway designation to Cootes Drive between East Street / Dundas Street and Main Street West.
Major intersections
See also
List of streets in Hamilton, Ontario
References
Roads in Hamilton, Ontario
Limited-access roads in Canada
Parkways in Ontario | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cootes%20Drive |
District 5 of the Texas Senate is a senatorial district that serves Brazos, Freestone, Grimes, Leon, Limestone, Madison, Milam, Robertson, Walker and Williamson counties in the U.S. state of Texas. The current Senator from District 5 is Charles Schwertner.
Current Election
2018
Election history
Election history of District 5 from 1992.
2014
2012
2006
Previous elections
2002
1998
1997
1994
1992
District officeholders
References
05
Brazos County, Texas
Freestone County, Texas
Grimes County, Texas
Leon County, Texas
Limestone County, Texas
Madison County, Texas
Milam County, Texas
Robertson County, Texas
Walker County, Texas
Williamson County, Texas | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas%20Senate%2C%20District%205 |
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 0-8-4 represents the wheel arrangement of no leading wheels, eight powered and coupled driving wheels on four axles, and four trailing wheels on two axles (usually in a trailing bogie).
Equivalent classifications
Other equivalent classifications are:
UIC classification: D2, D2' (also known as German classification and Italian classification)
French classification: 042
Turkish classification: 46
Swiss classification: 4/6
Examples
All examples of this wheel arrangement were tank locomotives; there are no 0-8-4 tender locomotives recorded.
United Kingdom
The tank locomotives were themselves rare. Two separate classes were built in the UK, by two different railway companies. Both of these had their origins with an 0-8-0 tender design. Both classes were designed as powerful, but slow-speed, locomotives for heavy shunting. They did not require high speed or long range, so had no need for a leading truck or the greater coal capacity of a tender. Other than this though, they were quite distinct.
The first example was the Great Central Railway Class 8H of 1907. These were designed for hump shunting and so required high tractive effort, good adhesion and traction for starting from rest. Although developed from the 8A tender class, and having some interchangeable parts in their running gear, they also had three cylinders rather than two. The three cylinder tank locomotive was in fashion at this time, as a means of achieving good acceleration from rest, owing to their more even power delivery and the reduced risk of wheelslip. This three-cylindered pattern had begun with Holden's Decapod of 1902 and carried through into Worsdell and Raven's fast passenger tank locomotives of 4-6-2T and 4-4-4T layout for the North Eastern Railway in 1910 and 1913. Worsdell also designed a comparable heavy shunter of his own, the Class X, although this used the 4-8-0T layout with a leading bogie, rather than trailing.
The class was considered a success, although highly specialised, and developments were rebuilt and built new by the LNER. The rebuilt locomotive trialled a new outside-framed bogie, fitted with a booster engine, the LNER being one of the few UK railways to favour these. Two further locomotives were also built by the LNER. Six were built in total.
The second example was LNWR 380 Class. These were a simple stretched version of the inside-cylindered 0-8-2T 1185 Class, which had been derived from the LNWR's numerous 0-8-0 freight locomotives, with a larger coal bunker. The class was intended for both shunting, banking and as mineral engines for the heavy coal or iron train use in the South Wales coalfield. The enlarged bunker made them more suitable for these longer workings. Thirty were built.
References
8,0-8-4 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/0-8-4T |
Pete Rodriguez (July 25, 1940November 30, 2014) was an American football coach of Mexican American descent.
College coaching career
Rodriguez broke into coaching as a graduate assistant at Arizona (1968–69) and later served as defensive coordinator at Western Illinois (1970–73), Florida State (1974–75), Iowa State (1976–78) and Northern Iowa (1986). He served as head coach at Western Illinois from 1979–82.
Professional coaching career
USFL
Rodriguez served as defensive line coach for the Michigan Panthers of the United States Football League from 1983-84. He was part of the USFL's first championship team, helping the Panthers to the title in 1983. He spent the season as defensive line coach with the Denver Gold.
CFL
Rodriguez was the defensive coordinator for the Ottawa Rough Riders of the Canadian Football League in .
NFL
Rodriguez entered the National Football League as the Los Angeles Raiders special teams coach (1988–89). He served in a similar capacity with the Phoenix Cardinals (1990–93), Washington Redskins (1994–97), Seattle Seahawks (1998–2003) and, most recently, the Jacksonville Jaguars (2004–2006).
UFL
Rodriguez served as the special teams coach for the New York Sentinels of the United Football League in 2009.
Involvement with USC
In July, 2010 the Los Angeles Times reported that he was the coach hired by Pete Carroll as a special consultant for USC's kickers during the 2008 football season. The use of additional coach was one of the items that the NCAA found to be a Major Violation and subjected USC to the "Loss of institutional control" finding. Carroll had defended the hiring as being done with the knowledge of the USC compliance staff however the compliance staff reported that this was not the case.
Personal
One of Rodriguez's daughters, Regina M. Rodriguez, is an attorney who was nominated multiple times to serves as a federal judge on the United States District Court for the District of Colorado.
Death
Rodriguez died in San Diego on November 30, 2014, of a complication following an undisclosed surgery, after being in a coma for months.
Head coaching record
References
1940 births
2014 deaths
American sportspeople of Mexican descent
Arizona Wildcats football coaches
Florida State Seminoles football coaches
Iowa State Cyclones football coaches
Jacksonville Jaguars coaches
Los Angeles Raiders coaches
New York Sentinels coaches
Ottawa Rough Riders coaches
Phoenix Cardinals coaches
Seattle Seahawks coaches
United States Football League coaches
Washington Redskins coaches
Western Illinois Leathernecks football coaches
Western Colorado University alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete%20Rodriguez%20%28American%20football%29 |
Action civique de Québec (ACQ) was a political party in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada that contested municipal elections. It was created in 2001 after the amalgamation of Quebec City and surrounding suburban municipalities. It was dissolved in 2009. Though it had a minority in the Council, its councillors ended up sharing the power between 2005 and 2007, as they formed an alliance with mayor Andrée P. Boucher, who named them to the city's executive committee, thus excluding from the executive committee the councillors of the Renouveau municipal de Québec, the party holding the majority of seats. However, the death of Boucher ended this situation.
References
External links
:fr:Action civique de Quebec
Municipal political parties in Quebec City | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action%20civique%20de%20Qu%C3%A9bec |
This is intended to be a list of public domain tangos. Because many authors of tango music have died more than 70 years ago, the copyright has expired in many countries. Authorship works registered with SADAIC can be looked up at their web site.
According to Argentine law 11723, text and music can be considered as separate works.
See also
:Category:Tango musicians
References
External links
SADAIC web site
https://tango.info/work/genre.tango/publicdomain.ca
Tango | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20public%20domain%20tangos |
Ray "Sugar Bear" Hamilton (born January 20, 1951) is a former American football player from 1973 through 1981 for the New England Patriots. He also coached for the Patriots as an assistant defensive line coach in Super Bowl XX. Hamilton got his first shot as a defensive line coach for the National Football League (NFL)'s Atlanta Falcons. Hamilton was an All Big 8 defensive tackle for the Oklahoma Sooners, being named to the first team in 1971 and 1972.
Hamilton is best known for an incident in the 1976 NFL playoffs in a first-round game against the Oakland Raiders, when Oakland's Ken Stabler threw an incompletion after Hamilton tipped the ball as he threw. Stabler fell backwards after hit him, and the play would have resulted in a fourth down and 18 yards to go. Ben Dreith, the referee, gave the Raiders a first down on a penalty of roughing the passer. Hamilton later was a defensive line coach for nine NFL teams, including the Patriots and Raiders.
Before becoming the defensive line coach for the Falcons, he spent the previous five years in the same position with the Jacksonville Jaguars. Hamilton spent two seasons as the Defensive Line Coach for the Cleveland Browns from 2001–2002. In his first season with Cleveland, the Browns tied for fourth in the AFC with 43 sacks. For three seasons, Hamilton served as New England Defensive Line Coach from 1997–99 and joined the New York Jets staff in 2000. His 1998 defensive line tallied 25 of the team 36 sacks, the seventh-best total in the NFL. In 1995, Hamilton joined the Jets in his first stint with the team as the Defensive Line Coach. He guided defensive end Hugh Douglas, who was named the 1995 NFL Defensive Rookie of the Year. From 1993–94, Hamilton was a member of the Los Angeles Raiders where he developed Chester McGlockton and a defensive line that combined for 83 sacks in his two seasons with the Raiders. In 2006, Hamilton guided defensive end Bobby McCray who developed into one of the AFC top pass rushers as he led Jacksonville with a career-high 10 sacks. The defensive line combined for 29.5 sacks, ranking fourth in the NFL in rushing yards allowed per game.
In 2018, Hamilton became the defensive line coach for the Birmingham Iron of the Alliance of American Football.
References
1951 births
Living people
American football defensive tackles
American football defensive ends
Birmingham Iron coaches
New England Patriots players
New England Patriots coaches
Oklahoma Sooners football players
Jacksonville Jaguars coaches | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray%20Hamilton |
The Philopatris () is a work of Byzantine literature, a dialogue formerly attributed to Lucian, but now generally admitted to be spurious. Its date and purpose have long formed the subject of discussion.
The story
The scene is laid at Constantinople. A certain Trephon, who has been converted to Christianity by a bald, long-nosed Galilaean, who was carried up through the air into the third heaven (an evident allusion to St. Paul) and meets a friend, Critias, who is in a state of great excitement.
Trephon asks the reason for Critias' excitement, and the invocation of Zeus by Critias leads to a discussion on paganism and Christianity, in which all the gods proposed by Critias are rejected by Trephon, who finally suggests that Critias should swear by the Trinity (the Greek subtitle, , refers to this "instruction" of Critias in matters relating to Christianity).
Critias goes on to relate how he had been introduced to a gathering of pessimists, who predicted all kinds of disturbances in the empire and defeat at the hands of its enemies. In the meantime a third person appears on the scene, with the news that the imperial armies have obtained a glorious victory. The hope is expressed that Babel (Baghdad, the chief city of the caliphs) may soon be destroyed, Egypt subdued (that is, reconquered from the Arabs), and the attacks of the "Scythians" (Russians or Bulgarians) repulsed.
The dialogue concludes with thanks to the unknown god of Athens that they have been permitted to be the subjects of such an emperor and the inhabitants of such an empire.
Controversy
The Philopatris was for a long time regarded as an attack upon Christianity, and assigned to the time of Julian the Apostate (emperor 361-363). Chronological indications (e.g., the allusion to a massacre of women in Crete) led Niebuhr to ascribe it to the reign of Nicephorus Phocas (963-969), and this view is now generally supported.
There being at that time no pagans in Constantinople, the pessimists referred to must be Christians; either monks, especially the intimate friends of the patriarch of Constantinople, who, aggrieved at the measures taken by Phocas in regard to the property of the Church, were ready to welcome the defeat of the imperial arms and the ruin of the empire; or harmless visionaries, who claimed to predict the future by fasting, prayer and vigil.
In any case, the author, whether he was a sophist commissioned by Phocas to attack the monks, or some professor who hoped to profit by singing the imperial praises, represents the views of the patriotic (as the title shows) as opposed to the unpatriotic party.
According to another view, which assigns the dialogue to the time of Heraclius (610-641), the author was a Christian fanatic, whose object was to make known the existence of a conventicle of belated pagans, the enemies alike of the Christian faith and the empire; it is doubtful, however, whether such a pagan community, sufficiently numerous to be of importance, actually existed at that date. The object of the first and longer portion of the dialogue was to combat the humanism of the period, which threatened a revival of polytheism as a rival of Christianity.
In 1982, The Date and Purpose of the Philopatris, by Barry Baldwin was published in Later Greek Literature, Volume 27, with arguments that effectively overturned the Byzantine dating. Baldwin considered the date alternatives, including the possibility that "the Philopatris belonged to the reign of Julian", while noting that "the Philopatris is curiously hard to pin down."
Editions and translations
Editions by J.M. Gesner (1715) and C.B. Hase in the Bonn CSHB (1828), vol. xi.
Included in Jacobitz's edition of Lucian (1839).
Translation in French (1912).
M.D. Macleod (ed.), in Lucian vol. 8 (1967, Loeb), with English translation.
Notes
References
Endnotes:
B.G. Niebuhr, "Über das Alter des Dialogs Philopatris" in his Kleine historische Schriften (1843), vol. ii.
R. Crampe, Philopatris. Ein heidnisches Konventikel des siebenten Jahrhunderts zu Constantinopel (1894) Google Books
C. Stach, De Philopatride (Kraków, 1894), who shows its late origin by linguistic tests
R. Garnett, "Alms for Oblivion" in Cornhill Magazine (May, 1901)
S. Reinach in Revue archéologique (1902), vol. i.
For further authorities, see the article by Von Dobschütz in Herzog-Haucks Realencyklopädie für protestantische Theologie (1904).
Greek literature (post-classical)
Works by Lucian
Byzantine literature
Greek pseudepigrapha | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philopatris |
William John Howarth Corlett, KC, LL.B (born 25 March 1950) was Her Majesty's Attorney General for the Isle of Man and ex officio Member of the Legislative Council from 1998 to 2011.
He was called to English Bar in 1972 and the Manx Bar in 1974. He was a partner of Dickinson Cruickshank & Co 1975-1992 when he became senior partner of Corlett Bolton & Co before being appointed Attorney General in 1998. He was appointed Queen's Counsel in 1999.
References
1950 births
Living people
Manx politicians
20th-century King's Counsel
British King's Counsel | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Corlett |
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives by wheel arrangement, the is a Garratt locomotive. The wheel arrangement is effectively two 2-8-0 locomotives operating back to back, with the boiler and cab suspended between the two power units. Each power unit has a single pair of leading wheels in a leading truck, followed by four coupled pairs of driving wheels and no trailing wheels. Since the 2-8-0 type is sometimes known as a Consolidation, the corresponding Garratt type could be referred to as a Double Consolidation.
A similar wheel arrangement exists for Mallet type locomotives, but is referred to as since only the front engine unit swivels.
Overview
This Garratt wheel arrangement was somewhat common, especially for locomotives intended for freight service. The first locomotive was a single metre gauge locomotive built by Beyer, Peacock & Company in 1924 for the Burma Railways as their class GA.I. The second, and perhaps the better known, was the single Class U1 of the London & North Eastern Railway (LNER), built in 1925.
Use
Burma
Apart from their first single class GA.I locomotive of 1924, the Burma Railways acquired another locomotive from Beyer, Peacock & Company in 1927, classifying it GA.II. In that same year, another four of class GA.III were placed in service, also from Beyer, Peacock. In 1929, Krupp of Essen in Germany delivered eight more, designated Class GA.IV.
India
The Bengal Nagpur Railway in India used two of the class HSG, built by Beyer, Peacock & Company in 1925.
Ten examples were purchased by the British War Department in 1943 and used on the Bengal Assam Railway in India as their Class MWGX.
Mauritius
The Mauritius Railway owned three Garratts, also built by Beyer, Peacock & Company in 1927.
Turkey
The Ottoman Railways in Turkey acquired a single Garratt from Beyer, Peacock & Company in 1927.
United Kingdom
The London & North Eastern Railway (LNER) owned a single Class U1 Garratt, built by Beyer, Peacock & Company in 1925. It was designed by Nigel Gresley for banking coal trains over the Worsborough Bank, a steeply graded line in South Yorkshire and part of the Woodhead line. The Class U1 was both the longest and the most powerful steam locomotive ever to run in the United Kingdom.
References
External links
1D+D1 locomotives
8,2-8-0 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-8-0%2B0-8-2 |
Maryland Route 17 (MD 17) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Maryland. The state highway begins at the Virginia state line at the Potomac River in Brunswick, where the highway continues south as Virginia State Route 287 (SR 287). MD 17 runs north from the Brunswick Bridge to the Frederick–Washington county line near Wolfsville. The state highway serves as the main north–south highway of the Middletown Valley of western Frederick County. MD 17 connects Brunswick and Wolfsville with Rosemont, Burkittsville, Middletown, and Myersville. The state highway also connects those communities with the valley's main east–west highways, which include U.S. Route 340 (US 340), US 40 Alternate, Interstate 70 (I-70), and US 40.
What is now MD 17 was originally designated MD 33. The first sections of the state highway were constructed in Brunswick and Rosemont in 1916. MD 33 was mostly constructed south of Myersville in the early 1920s; the last pieces of the Brunswick–Myersville highway were filled in by 1927. MD 33 was completed from Myersville to Wolfsville in the early 1930s. MD 33 swapped numbers with the original MD 17, a highway on the Eastern Shore, in 1940. The portion of MD 17 north of Wolfsville was brought into the state highway system in 1956, the same year the Myersville–Middletown Road was transferred to county control. The state highway north of Myersville was designated MD 153. In the mid 1980s, MD 17 was extended north from Middletown, assuming all of MD 153 to its present northern terminus. The modern Brunswick Bridge was constructed in the early 1950s, replacing a bridge constructed in the early 1890s at the same site.
Route description
MD 17 begins at the Virginia state line at the Potomac River in the city of Brunswick. The roadway continues into Loudoun County, Virginia, as SR 287 (Berlin Pike), which heads south toward Lovettsville. MD 17 crosses the river on the Brunswick Bridge, a two-lane steel girder bridge that also passes over the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, CSX's Metropolitan Subdivision railroad line, Walnut Street, Virginia Avenue, and Potomac Street. The bridge's northern end lands just south of a roundabout that connects MD 17 with Petersville Road, Maryland Avenue, and both directions of B Street. Petersville Road, the old alignment of MD 17, heads south into the Brunswick Historic District and becomes Maple Avenue, which provides access to Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park and the historic Brunswick train station, which is served by MARC's Brunswick Line.
MD 17 heads north from the Brunswick Roundabout as two-lane undivided Petersville Road, which climbs out of the narrow Potomac River valley. At the top of the hill, the state highway leaves the city of Brunswick and enters the village of Rosemont, where the highway intersects MD 79 and MD 464 (Souder Road). Petersville Road continues north as MD 79 while MD 17 turns northwest onto Burkittsville Road. The state highway leaves the village of Rosemont, passes through a roundabout intersection with Volunteer Drive and intersects the western end of Rosemont Drive through a roundabout, the old alignment of MD 17 that is unsigned MD 871G. That roundabout also intersects the main entrance to the Brunswick Crossing development started in the early 2000s. MD 17 continues on to intersect MD 180 (Jefferson Pike) at a roundabout before crossing over US 340 (Jefferson National Pike) at a diamond interchange. At the end of the overpass, MD 17 passes through another roundabout which serves to distribute traffic to and from the on and off ramps of westbound US 340. North of US 340, the state highway runs mostly straight through farmland parallel to the upper reaches of Little Catoctin Creek intersecting with Brentland Rd. and then Lee's Lane following which the highway passes through a pair of right-angle curves and parallels South Mountain to the hamlet of Coatsville.
MD 17 curves to the northeast and enters the town of Burkittsville, where the highway's name becomes Potomac Street. Within the Burkittsville Historic District, the state highway intersects Main Street, which heads west to Crampton's Gap, a low point in South Mountain that contains Gathland State Park. MD 17 leaves Burkittsville and crosses Broad Run near the hamlet of Arnoldtown, then meets the northern end of MD 383 (Broad Run Road) and the west end of Bennies Hill Road, which leads to the Bennies Hill Road Bridge and historic Shafer's Mill. The state highway continues across Middle Creek and parallels Catoctin Creek before crossing the latter stream on a through truss bridge. MD 17 enters the town of Middletown just south of its intersection with Jefferson Street and Old Middletown Road. The state highway passes through town as Church Street and meets US 40 Alternate (Main Street) in the center of the Middletown Historic District.
MD 17 leaves Middletown as Myersville Middletown Road, which heads northeast then curves northwest to parallel I-70 (Eisenhower Memorial Highway). The two highways cross Little Catoctin Creek—this creek being a tributary of Catoctin Creek rather than the Potomac River-feeding creek near Brunswick—near the state highway's intersection with Harmony Road, then MD 17 veers west away from the Interstate. The state highway intersects Old Hagerstown Road at an oblique angle and crosses Catoctin Creek again before veering north and reaching Ventrie Court, which heads east to provide access to a park and ride lot serving MTA Maryland commuter buses. The road temporarily expands to a four-lane divided highway for its diamond interchange with I-70 at the town limit of Myersville. After reducing to two lanes, MD 17 continues as Main Street toward the center of town, where the state highway turns east onto Wolfsville Road. The state highway crosses Catoctin Creek just north of its confluence with Middle Creek and intersects US 40 (Baltimore National Pike) at the Myersville town limits.
MD 17 heads north into a mountainous area with a mix of farmland and forest at the northern end of the Middletown Valley. The state highway parallels Middle Creek, which it crosses twice, the second time at the hamlet of Ellerton, where the highway intersects Harmony Road, crosses the creek, then immediately turns east to remain on Wolfsville Road at its intersection with Harp Hill Road. Harp Hill Road is a straighter but much steeper alternate route between Ellerton and Wolfsville compared to MD 17, which parallels Middle Creek and crosses the creek thrice as it winds through the communities of Crossnickel and Middlepoint and passes the historic Peter of P. Grossnickel Farm. The state highway meets the northern end of Harp Mill Road and intersects Pleasant Walk Road and Stottlemeyer Road in Wolfsville. MD 17 leaves Middle Creek and ascends South Mountain to its northern terminus at its intersection with Garfield Road and Loy Wolfe Road at the Frederick–Washington county line. Wolfsville Road continues north as a county highway that descends South Mountain to MD 77 (Foxville Road) in Smithsburg on the eastern edge of the Hagerstown Valley.
History
The first two sections of MD 17 to be constructed were Petersville Road from downtown Brunswick to what is now Rosemont Drive in Rosemont and Burkittsville Road from what is now MD 180 to Coatsville, which were completed as wide macadam roads in 1916. By 1921, sections of concrete road were completed from the National Pike in Middletown north to Valley View Road and from Myersville south to Catoctin Creek. Another section of the highway was planned to follow the alignment of Old Hagerstown Road south from the Myersville segment to the National Pike west of Middletown. By 1923, the gap between Middletown and Myersville was completed in concrete following the present alignment instead of Old Hagerstown Road. Other segments completed that year included a macadam stretch from Coatsville to Burkittsville and a concrete road from Arnoldtown to the National Pike in Middletown.
In 1927, what is now MD 17 became one of the original state-numbered highways when it was marked as MD 33. By that year, the gap between Burkittsville and Arnoldtown, Main Street in Myersville, and Wolfsville Road from Ellerton to Grossnickel had been paved with concrete. In addition, a macadam road was constructed from Main Street in Myersville to the first crossing of Middle Creek north of the town. The gap between that crossing of Middle Creek and Ellerton was filled by a concrete road in 1928. Wolfsville Road from Grossnickel to Middlepoint was started in 1930. That segment and the portion from Middlepoint to Wolfsville were completed in 1933. MD 33's through truss bridge over Catoctin Creek between Burkittsville and Middletown was replaced with the modern through truss bridge on a new alignment in 1934. All of MD 33 between Brunswick and Wolfsville was redesignated MD 17 in 1940, swapping numbers with modern MD 33 in Talbot County.
The portion of Wolfsville Road from Wolfsville north to the Washington County line was brought into the state highway system in 1956. That same year, the portion of MD 17 between US 40 Alternate in Middletown and US 40 in Myersville was transferred to county maintenance. MD 17 north of Myersville was renumbered MD 153. MD 17 was placed on its present alignment in Rosemont from MD 79 to Rosemont Drive in 1968; MD 79 was extended south to the new four-way intersection with MD 17 and MD 464 and the old alignment of MD 17 along Rosemont Drive became MD 871G. MD 153 was extended south of US 40 through Myersville to the I-70 interchange in 1979. MD 17 achieved its present course in 1985 when the highway between Middletown and I-70 was returned to the state highway system; MD 17 was extended along what had been MD 153 to the Washington County line. MD 17's roundabouts at the northern end of the Brunswick Bridge and at the MD 180 intersection were installed in 1999 and 2000, respectively.
The first ferry at the German Crossing of the Potomac River, named for the German settlement at Lovettsville, began at the site of Brunswick in 1731. The first fixed crossing of the river was a covered bridge constructed between 1854 and 1857 by the Loudoun and Berlin Bridge Company; this bridge was burned by Confederate forces in June 1861. In 1893, the Loudoun Berlin Bridge Company constructed an iron through truss bridge across the river on the abutments of the covered bridge. Both the covered bridge and the iron bridge were located in line with Virginia Avenue, immediately to the east of the modern bridge. Later, the access road to the bridge would follow Maple Avenue south from Petersville Road, cross the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, turn west onto what is now the access road for the C&O Canal Historical Park, then turn south to cross the river. Construction on the modern Brunswick Bridge began in 1952 with preliminary engineering work and construction of the bridge's substructure and superstructure, which were completed in 1953. Work on the bridge's deck and the Maryland approaches began in 1953 and continued through 1954. The Brunswick Bridge was dedicated July 30, 1955.
Junction list
Auxiliary route
MD 17A is the designation for Petersville Road, a section of old alignment of MD 17 immediately northeast of the Brunswick Roundabout.
See also
References
External links
MDRoads: MD 17
017
Maryland Route 017 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryland%20Route%2017 |
Albert Borlase Armitage (2 July 1864 – 31 October 1943) was a Scottish polar explorer and officer in the Merchant Navy.
Early life
Armitage was born in Balquhidder, near Loch Lubnaig in Perthshire on 2 July 1864. He was one of eight children to Samuel Harris Tatham Armitage, a Yorkshire doctor, and Alice (Lees) Armitage.
In 1878 Armitage enlisted as a cadet aboard the Royal Navy's training ship, , which was moored at the time in the River Thames near Greenhithe. At the conclusion of basic training he attempted to resign from the Navy and seek a position with the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company (P&O), but was prevented from doing so by his father. Instead, Armitage was signed on as an apprentice aboard the former Indian Navy frigate Punjaub, now owned by the East India Company. He sailed with Punjaub to Calcutta, where he transferred to another Company vessel, the Lucknow, as Third Mate.
After seven years as a Company sailor, Armitage again sought parental consent to join P&O. Approval was received and in 1886 Armitage was appointed Fifth Officer aboard the P&O passenger ship Bokhara.
Polar exploration
Between 1894 and 1897, he was second-in-command, of the Jackson–Harmsworth expedition to Franz Josef Land, and was involved in the 1895 rescue of explorer Fridtjof Nansen and his men.
Armitage was then Robert Falcon Scott's navigator and second-in-command on the Discovery Expedition to Antarctica. The other members were Ernest Shackleton, George Mulock, Edward Adrian Wilson, Charles Royds, Frank Wild, Koettlitz, Skelton, Heald, Barne, Plumley, Quartley, Weller, Hare, Allen, Evans, Ferrar, Hodgson, Louis Bernacchi, Vince. On this expedition, he became the first person to walk on the polar plateau.
Armitage got on very well with Scott during the preparations for the voyage and his RNR rank of lieutenant ensured that he was made second in command of the Discovery expedition. However, he later fell out with Scott and claimed that he and Markham failed to honour a number of promises they had made and on his return to Britain Armitage was paid off by the expedition and it took him nearly nine months to find an appointment with P & O.
Post Antarctic
On his return to the UK he filled in his time by writing "Two Years in the Antarctic" (Edward Arnold, 1905). A row followed with Scott's publishers because Scott's "Discovery Expedition" didn't come out until after Armitage's book. However, according to Armitage, he was at sea when this happened and he and Scott later met up for lunch "and all was sunshine." They never met again.
Eventually he was given his own command, the Royal Mail Steamer "Isis", carrying mails between Brindisi and Port Said. This was the story of his life until retirement, carrying passengers and mails on "little ferry boats" across the Mediterranean and later, in command of the "Salsette" between Bombay and Aden, living for many years away from England with his family in Brindisi and Malta. Toward the end of the First World War the "Salsette" was torpedoed in the English Channel with a loss of 14 crew. Armitage was then given command of the "Karmala" which was used to transporting cargo and U.S. and Canadian troops across the Atlantic and, later, for repatriating Australian soldiers.
His last command was the 11,000 ton mail steamer the "Mantua" on the Bombay to China run. After over 40 years at sea he was appointed Commodore of P & O and, by the company rules, required to retire at the age of 60 years, just one year later. In 1928 he published "Cadet To Commodore" (Cassell & Co 1928) – an autobiography with only a few passing references to the Scott Expedition.
Armitage was married with a single daughter who married a naval lieutenant. His wife died, possibly in Malta, before World War I after a period of ill-health. He died in Surrey on 31 October 1943 aged 79.
Armitage's diaries of his time in the Antarctic were sold at auction for £36,000 in 2004 in two lots to a single buyer.
References
Bibliography
External links
1864 births
1943 deaths
Explorers of Antarctica
People from Stirling (council area)
Recipients of the Polar Medal
Royal Navy officers
Scottish explorers
Scottish sailors | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert%20Armitage |
Melba Tolliver (born 1939) is an American journalist and former New York City news anchor and reporter. She is best remembered for her defiant stance against ABC owned WABC-TV when she refused to don a wig or scarf to cover up her Afro in order to cover the White House wedding of President Richard Nixon's daughter Tricia Nixon in 1971.
Tolliver was born in Rome, Georgia.
She worked as a registered nurse and later became a secretary at ABC in November 1966. Strikes by the American Federation of Television and Radio Artists in April 1967 and by the National Association of Broadcast Employees and Technicians in September led to short stints where Tolliver filled in for Marlene Sanders.
Tolliver later became a full-time reporter and anchor at WABC from 1967 to 1976. In the early 1970s, she was a recurring panelist on What's My Line?. In 1976, she went to WNBC where she remained until 1980. She also worked at News 12 Long Island from 1986 to 1994.
Tolliver has co-hosted, with Gil Noble, ABC's Like It Is series which focused upon the Black Community. Melba Tolliver has a blog on her website and is working on a book about her experiences in the media. She is also featured in the documentary, "In Our Heads About Our Hair." In 2015 Tolliver received a Distinguished Alumni Award from Empire State College.
References
External links
Black Journalists Movement at Robert C. Maynard Institute for Journalism Education
1939 births
African-American television personalities
American women television journalists
Living people
Television anchors from New York City
New York (state) television reporters
People from Rome, Georgia
21st-century African-American people
21st-century African-American women
20th-century African-American people
20th-century African-American women | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melba%20Tolliver |
A vestigial twin is a form of parasitic twinning, where the parasitic "twin" is so malformed and incomplete that it typically consists entirely of extra limbs or organs. It also can be a complete living being trapped inside the host person, however the parasitic twin is anencephalic and lacks consciousness.
This phenomenon occurs when a fertilized ovum or partially formed embryo splits incompletely. The result can be anything from two whole people joined by a bit of skin (conjoined twins), to one person with extra body parts belonging to the vestigial twin.
Most vestigial limbs are non-functional, and although they may have bones, muscles and nerve endings, they are not under the control of the host. The possession of six or more digits on the hands and feet (polydactyly) usually has a genetic or chromosomal cause, and is not a case of vestigial twinning.
References
Congenital disorders
Parasitic twin
Rare diseases | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestigial%20twin |
Sergio Badilla Castillo (born November 30, 1947 in Valparaiso, Chile) is a Chilean poet and the founder of poetic transrealism in contemporary poetry. He is considered the Latin American poet with the broadest Nordic influence, from the Finnish poets, Edith Södergran, Elmer Diktonius, Paavo Haavikko, Pentti Saarikoski and the Swedes Gunnar Ekelöf, Tomas Tranströmer and Lars Gustafsson.
Life
Badilla Castillo graduated in journalism from the University of Chile in 1972. He graduated also in Methodology of Social Anthropology, from Stockholm University. He worked for nearly 13 years at The Swedish Radio Broadcasting Co, as culture journalist, a concern that would lead later, to his work as a translator of Swedish and Scandinavian poetry, British and American poetry.
His father was a sailor from whom he got his nomadic motivation. Badilla Castillo travelled throughout Europe, North Africa and the Middle East during the 20 years he spent in Scandinavia. He settled for a while also in Romania in 1975, interested in ancient Wallachian and Transylvanian mythology. Badilla worked as a journalist and teacher when he returned to Chile in 1993.
A research on global celebrities done by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT, through its Pantheon project, released in April 2014, shows that the poet Sergio Badilla Castillo occupies 12th position among the most notorious public figures of Chile in the world community. The investigation took into account 11,338 people born between 4000 BC until 2010 D.C. Castillo also appears in the fourth positions amid the most famous Chilean writers of all times.
Work
In 1973 Badilla's first book of poetry, Amid the Cement and the Grass, was published in Valparaiso. Later, in 1980 he published his second book, Lower from my Branch, a collection of short stories, in Borås, Sweden, which received very good critical reviews.
Between 1981 and 1987 he published three of his Scandinavian influenced books: The Dwelling of the Sign, Oniric Song and Reverberations of Aquatic Stones. As well being a productive poet during this period he was also a respected translator of Swedish, Finnish, English, French and some Latin poetry. Badilla's initial topics were often tied to mythological or fabled subjects, while many of the poems featured legends. In Sweden, his poems were included in the first anthology of Chilean Poetry published by Bonnier in 1991.
His return from exile to Chile in 1993 marked a change for Badilla Castillo, in that he started to write in a much more autobiographical and manner. In his book Nordic Saga he changed his language completely. It was a period of awkward and challenging experimentation, with many legendary subjects derived from the mythological Viking’s Sagas. Badilla Castillo established contact with Rudy Rucker’s transrealism.
In Badilla Castillo's later volumes, such as The Fearful Gaze of the Bastard (2003), and Transreal Poems and Some Gospels (2005)), he confronts reality, creating an almost illusory world, where words, time and dimensional changes play a cardinal role in the lyrical frame. His latest poetry is solidly imaginary, using in many respects time dislocations and immediate perceptions of a certain described reality, and filled with admiration for the ordinary world. He now lives in Santiago, and one catches a glimpse of the effect of this South Pacific landscape everywhere in his latest poems, though the environment remains symbolic and individual.
Bibliography
Lower from my Branch Invandrarförlaget. 1980. Borås. Sweden. (Short stories)
Sign’s Dwelling. Bikupa Editions. 1982. Stockholm. (Poetry)
Cantoniric. LAR Editions. 1983. Madrid. (Poetry)
Reverberations Of Aquatic Stones. Bikupa. 1985. Stockholm. (Poetry)
Terrenalis. Bikupa Editions. 1989. Stockholm. (Poetry)
Nordic Saga. Monteverdi Editions. 1996, Santiago de Chile. (Poetry)
The Fearful Gaze of the Bastard. 2003. Regional Council of Valparaiso. (Poetry)
Transrealistic Poems and Some Gospels. 2005. Aura Latina. Santiago/Stockholm. (Poetry)
Transreal City Meridian Editors. 2009 Smederevo. Serbia. (bilingüal edition) (Poetry)
Ville Asiégée Al Manar. Voix Vives de Méditerraée. July 2010. France (bilingüal edition)(Poetry)
"Ok Atacama". Pentagrama ediciones. Julio 2010, Santiago de Chile (Poetry)
"The Medusa's head". Coldhub press. Christchurch. 2012. New Zealand (bilingüal edition) (Poetry)
"La Biblioteca de Éfeso". Poemas Selectos. Strindberg&Co. 2012. Stockholm/Santiago de Chile.(Poetry)
"Ghosts & shadows". Coldhub press. Christchurch. 2013. New Zealand (bilingüal edition) (Poetry)
"Transtierra".. Aura Latina. 2013. Santiago de Chile. (Poetry)
References
XV International Poetry Festival of Medellin
Lyrikwelt
Lahti International Writers Union
Biography on the Online Poetry Classroom of the Academy of American Poets
International Poetry Days in Malmö, Sweden
Literati-Magazine
Art Omi International Writers Council
1947 births
Living people
Chilean emigrants to Sweden
Chilean male poets
Writers from Valparaíso
Chilean translators
English–Spanish translators
Swedish–Spanish translators
Finnish–Spanish translators
Latin–Spanish translators
University of Chile alumni
University of Playa Ancha alumni
Stockholm University alumni
21st-century Chilean poets
21st-century Chilean male writers
21st-century translators | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergio%20Badilla%20Castillo |
Sons & Daughters is an American sitcom television series about an extended blended family living close together in a neighborhood. The producers, creator Fred Goss (who also is the star of the show), Lorne Michaels (who was a co-creator of Saturday Night Live), and Nick Holly, flavored the show with a mixed atmosphere of improvisational and scripted humor. The show premiered on March 7, 2006, on ABC. The show is produced by Broadway Video (which also produces Saturday Night Live) and NBC Universal Television. It was canceled in late April 2006 after 10 episodes aired, leaving one unaired episode.
The whole series was aired on the Seven Network in Australia, including the final previously unaired episode, ending on August 6, 2007. Coincidentally, the Seven Network also screened the earlier Australian soap opera of the same name. In December 2010, ITV1 started showing the series in the United Kingdom for the first time, over four years since its American showing. The show has also been aired on TV3 in Ireland.
Improvisational aspect
Sons & Daughters has been dubbed a "unique hybrid comedy"; the show followed the format used in Curb Your Enthusiasm, using a partly scripted, partly improvisational comedy dialogue. In an interview with co-creator Nick Holly from the Associated Press, he explained that the actors were presented not with a traditional script, but with a "short story" that "occasionally includes a line or two of dialogue, but is normally just this novelization."
Unlike the traditional sitcom, Sons & Daughters was not filmed with a live studio audience and did not use a laugh track for the show.
Plot synopsis
Cameron Walker's (Goss) world revolves around him and his extended family living in Hamilton, Ohio, which includes wife Liz (Vigman), his son Ezra (Matthews), his daughter Marni (Jourdain) and his son Henry (Einhorn) who Cameron didn't know existed, his mother and stepfather, Colleen and Wendal Halbert (Wallace-Stone, Gail), and his other plethora of brothers and sisters. He is considered the only sane person in his family and tries to fix any problem that arises within the family.
Cameron's sister and brother-in-law Sharon (Quinn) and Don Fenton (Lambert) seem to create more problems for him rather than themselves. The couple are almost always in deep denial about their personal issues, such as not having sex for several years.
Jenna (Walsh), Sharon and Cameron's half-sister, is a single mother of one who is continuously attracted to the "bad boy" personality, such as "Whitey" (Pitts), and steers away from the "nice guy" types, like Wylie (Harrington).
Their parents, Colleen and Wendal, love their family but have profound complications within their own relationship. Cameron constantly tries to help them solve their issues, but it doesn't always work out the way he expects.
Episodes
Below is the entire list of episodes from the series including a brief description.
Cancellation
Running against Fox Network's American Idol timeslot it did not receive the ratings that would merit a second season pickup, however it had been rumored that ABC executives liked the show. It also had a devoted fanbase, and on April 17, 2006, a fan started an online petition to bring the show back, which Fred Goss mentioned on his blog. It failed, and it was canceled late April, 2006. The shows cancellation was again confirmed by the creator Fred Goss on May 15, 2006.
Cast
Fred Goss – Cameron Walker
Gillian Vigman – Liz Walker
Jerry Lambert – Don Fenton
Alison Quinn – Sharon Fenton
Max Gail – Wendal Halbert
Dee Wallace-Stone – Colleen Halbert
Amanda Walsh – Jenna Halbert
Desmond Harrington – Wylie Blake
Greg Pitts – Tommy White "Whitey"
Eden Sher – Carrie Fenton
Randy Wayne – Jeff Fenton
Trevor Einhorn – Henry Walker
Noah Matthews – Ezra Walker
Lexi Jourden – Marni Walker
Lois Hall – Aunt Rae
References
External links
2000s American single-camera sitcoms
2006 American television series debuts
2006 American television series endings
American Broadcasting Company original programming
Television series by Universal Television
Television series by Broadway Video
Television shows set in Ohio | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sons%20%26%20Daughters%20%282006%20TV%20series%29 |
Grande Porto () or Greater Porto is a former Portuguese NUTS3 subregion, integrating the NUTS2 region of Norte, in Portugal. It was abolished at the January 2015 NUTS 3 revision.
It corresponded to 11 municipalities out of 16, the other 5 in Entre Douro e Vouga Subregion that constitute the larger Greater Metropolitan Area of Porto, centered in the city of Porto. With a population of 2,181,805 inhabitants (INE 2011) and an area of 817 km2. Highly industrialized, it is along with the neighbouring subregions the main source of the Portuguese exports and home to one of the busiest Portuguese harbours, located in Leixões. Grande Porto serves as the commercial, educational, cultural and economical centre of northern Portugal.
It covers an area of 817 km2 for a density of 2056 hab/km2
Municipalities
It is formed by 11 municipalities, on both sides of the Douro River.
Espinho
Gondomar
Maia
Matosinhos
Porto
Póvoa de Varzim
Trofa (recently joined Grande Porto)
Santo Tirso (recently joined)
Valongo
Vila do Conde
Vila Nova de Gaia
All of the above municipalities are cities. Only Espinho and Gaia are located south of Douro River.
The conurbation, which includes the municipalities of Porto (pop. 240,000), Vila Nova de Gaia (pop. 330,000) and Matosinhos (pop. 175,000), are amongst the biggest urban centres in Portugal, although the subregion is considered a Metropolitan Area with a population of over a million.
Transport
The subregion is served by an international airport: Porto/ Pedras Rubras / Maia (OPO),
a harbour(Leixões/ Matosinhos),
underground (Subway), intercity trains and a large network of highways and motorways. The industry is located in a crown around the city of Porto.
References
Former NUTS 3 statistical regions of Portugal | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grande%20Porto |
1-Decanol is a straight chain fatty alcohol with ten carbon atoms and the molecular formula C10H21OH. It is a colorless to light yellow viscous liquid that is insoluble in water and has an aromatic odor. The interfacial tension against water at 20 °C is 8.97 mN/m.
Production
Decanol can be prepared by the hydrogenation of decanoic acid, which occurs in modest quantities in coconut oil (about 10%) and palm kernel oil (about 4%). It may also be produced synthetically via the Ziegler process.
Uses
Decanol is used in the manufacture of plasticizers, lubricants, surfactants and solvents. Its ability to permeate the skin has led to it being investigated as a penetration enhancer for transdermal drug delivery.
Safety
Like other medium chain fatty alcohols, 1-decanol is able to permeate the skin which can lead to irritation.
References
Fatty alcohols
Primary alcohols
Alkanols | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1-Decanol |
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