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Karataş (, Mègarsos) is a municipality and district of Adana Province, Turkey. Its area is 862 km2, and its population is 23,499 (2022). The town itself has 10,293 inhabitants. It is on the Mediterranean coast of Turkey, 47 km from the city of Adana, between the rivers Seyhan and Ceyhan, the Pyramos of Antiquity. History The area has been inhabited from at least Hittite times and probably earlier. It was later part of the Assyrian province of Quwê (Que). By the time of the Greeks, who knew the city as Megarsos/Magarso, there was a port here at the mouth of the navigable Pyramos, supplying an important military and trading route into the plain of Cilicia, and also providing access to the sea for the river towns, like Mallus. In 333 BCE, just before the battle of Issus, Alexander the Great sacrificed here at a temple that, by interpretatio graeca, he took to be of Athena; the "Athena of Magarsos" who appears on Hellenistic coins has been diagnosed, from her pose and the attributes that surround her, to have Mesopotamian connections. Robin Lane Fox recognizes the origin of the cult site in the victories of Sennacherib, who instituted the shrine in 696 BCE following a sea battle with Greeks off the mouth of the river; he dedicated it to his martial goddess, Anat, or Ishtar. The Romans rendered Magarsos as Megarsus. The port was later conquered by the Arab armies during the growth of Islam and then by the Ottomans in 1517. Karataş was occupied by French troops during World War I. Composition There are 43 neighbourhoods in Karataş District: Adalı Ataköy Bahçe Bebeli Çağşırlı Çakırören Çavuşlu Çimeli Çukurkamış Damlapınar Develiören Dolaplı Gölyaka Hacıhasan Hasırağacı Helvacı İnnaplıhüyüğü İsahacılı Kapı Karagöçer Karataş Karşıyaka Kemaliye Kesik Kiremitli Kırhasan Kızıltahta Konaklı Meletmez Orta Oymaklı Sarımsaklı Sirkenli Tabaklar Terliksiz Topraklı Tuzkuyusu Tuzla Yassıören Yemişli Yeni Yenimurat Yüzbaşı Places of interest The ruins of churches, caravanserai, and an amphitheatre. However the ancient monuments remain to date in lack of proper research or preservation. The inlet of Akyatan is a breeding ground for many birds and the sea turtle species Chelonia mydas and Caretta caretta. Karataş is particularly important for the latter, which is an endangered species that lays eggs primarily in Akyatan, another beach in neighboring Yumurtalık district and İztuzu Beach in Dalyan in southwestern Turkey. Karataş today Today Karataş is known for its fishing industry and as a place that Adana's inhabitants can easily access to relax on the beach. There are also rich farmlands behind the coast where cotton, watermelons, melons and other crops are grown. The well-known footballer Hasan Şaş is from Karataş and has a street named after him in memory of his excellent performance for Turkey national football team during the 2002 World Cup. Brussels-based painter Nazife Can is also from Karataş. References Hazlitt, Classical Gazetteer, "Megarsus" External links District governorate's official website Çukurova Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey Populated coastal places in Turkey Mediterranean port cities and towns in Turkey Populated places in Adana Province Tourist attractions in Adana Province Fishing communities in Turkey Districts of Adana Province	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karata%C5%9F
The Day My Bum Went Psycho is a novel for children by Australian author Andy Griffiths. "Bum" is a slang word used in many English-speaking countries for the buttocks; in North America the term "butt" is used instead, and the book is published there under the title The Day My Butt Went Psycho. It is illustrated by Terry Denton, who also illustrated some of Andy Griffiths' other books, including the Just! series. The Day My Butt Went Psycho! is a Canadian-Australian animated television series loosely based on the novel, and its sequels, first shown on Australian channel Nine Network in September 2013 and on Canadian channels Teletoon and Télétoon in June 2014 which is criticized for its bad animation, puns and butt jokes. Plot summary Zack Freeman's bum is constantly detaching itself from his body and running off. One night, when he follows his bum, he learns that there is a plot by bums to take over the world. Specifically, the bums plan to create a huge, worldwide fart by building up a massive quantity of methane gas in the "Bumcano". When the Bumcano blows, all humans will be rendered unconscious. While they are unconscious, the bums will seize their chance and switch places with their heads. Fortunately, Zack meets the "Bum-hunter" Silas Sterne and his daughter, Eleanor, and is introduced to the realities of life in a world where bums are constantly a threat. To prevent the Bumcano eruption, the friends enlist the help of the Kisser, the Kicker, the Smacker and Ned Smelly. The characters encounter a variety of bum-related places and things, including the "Great Windy Desert", "flying bum squadrons", Stenchgantor The Great Unwiped Bum and the Great White Bum. Naturally, every possible opportunity for toilet humour is milked in this book for children, which won a number of Children's Choice awards in Australia. It is followed by Zombie Bums from Uranus (2003) and Bumageddon: The Final Pongflict (2005). Characters Zack Freeman – a twelve-year-old boy, at the centre of the novel. Duce (Zack Freemans "bum") – the recruiter of the midnight bum rally, threatening to fill a Bumcano and knocking every human out on Earth to rearrange the place of heads and bums. Zack's bum is shocked by finding out that the Great White Bum was lying about the rearrangements and ends up becoming Zack's best friend. Eleanor Sterne – a fierce bum fighter in her own right, Eleanor is determined to kill the Great White Bum after it killed her mother in a surprise attack on a family picnic when Eleanor was only five. Daughter of the legendary bum hunter, Silas Sterne. Eleanor is a friend of the B-team. Has a prosthetic or "artificial" bum. Silas Sterne – the bravest and most talented bum hunter in history. He is founder of Silas Sterne's Bum Fighting Academy. His wife was killed when he, her and his formidable daughter Eleanor were on a family picnic, after the Great White Bum uprising. Silas Sterne has hunted and captured some of the most dangerous bums ever. Silas was once a member of the famous B-team and a friend of Ned Smelly. Kicker – a violent bum fighter is highly skilled in the art of foot to bum combat. A member of the famous B-team, Kicker is always wanting to kick bums, rather than smack them or kiss them. He and the Kisser usually fight. Kicker is a huge man with a thick beard and the biggest feet ever. He wears Australian rules football shorts, jumper and boots. He always talks about kicking, bums and kicked bums. Smacker – a bum fighter, highly skilled in the art of hand to bum combat. A member of the famous B-team, Smacker is the most sensible member of the B-team, and good friend to Eleanor. She is a huge woman with black hair and has huge hands like baseball mitts. She wears an orange floral dress with short sleeves. Kisser – a charming bum fighter, highly skilled in the art of lip to bum combat and a member of the famous B-team. Kidnapped by rogue bums, and becoming a secret bum-sympathiser, who not only tried to sabotage the B-teams plans, but also attempted to kill the other members while climbing up the Bumcano. He is last seen being dragged down by giant maggots in the brown lake. Meanwhile, later in Zombie Bums from Uranus, he is known as the "Mutant Maggot Lord", and in Bumageddon as the "Mutant Mutant Zombie Blowfly Spew Lord" or "Mutant Spew Lord" for short. Ned Smelly – an ex-bum fighter, who got his name after his run in with Stenchgantor, the Great Unwiped Bum. He lives in a shack in the Great Windy Desert, feeding on needleweeds and stinkants. After eating anti-bum energy bars, his stench had disappeared. He dies in Bumageddon: The Final Pongflict when the Mutant Spew Lord shot him in the back. Captain Brown – a bum-shelter manager. Stenchgantor – also known as the Great Unwiped Bum, the Stenchgantor was the ugliest, wartiest, hairiest, stinkiest bum ever, until it was out-stenched by Zack's stinky bumcatcher socks. The only bum to have a nostril, rather than an eye, he lives in the Brown Forest, completely blind as it relies on its sense of smell to catch victims. The Great White Bum – an enormous bum, the evillest bum in history. Some say the Great White Bum was a mutant bum created by a side effect of a nuclear bum launcher. Others believe it was around for years. In his book, 'Chariots of the Bums', Eric Von Dunnycan (a parody of UFO enthusiast Erich von Däniken) claimed that it was a space traveller. It was forcibly removed from Earth by Zack Freeman, who sent it blasting into space. Judi and James Freeman – are Zack's parents who are first mentioned in The Day My Bum Went Psycho as travelling musicians. It is later revealed they are both bum-fighters in Zombie Bums from Uranus. Television series A television series based on the books started airing on the Australian channel Nine Network and on the Canadian channels Teletoon and Télétoon on June 12, 2014. Live adaption On January 19, 2019, an adaptation written by author Dave Lowe premiered at Brisbane Arts Theatre. This two-act play features young performers in the roles. References External links Author's homepage - The Day My Bum Went Psycho Andy Griffith's 'Butt' series on Scholastic Canada 2001 Australian novels Novels by Andy Griffiths Bum Trilogy Australian children's novels 2001 children's books Pan Books books	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Day%20My%20Bum%20Went%20Psycho
Karatay is a municipality and district of Konya Province, Turkey. Its area is 2,832 km2, and its population is 370,927 (2022). Karatay is one of the central districts of Konya along with the districts of Meram and Selçuklu. It covers the eastern part of the agglomeration of Konya and the adjacent countryside. The solar power plant Kızören in Konya which went online in 2016 covers an area of 430,000 m2 and will be able to produce 26 GWh of electricity annually. Places to see Mevlana Museum Aziziye Mosque Composition There are 80 neighbourhoods in Karatay District: Acıdort Akabe Akbaş Akçeşme Akifpaşa Akörenkışla Aksaklı Aziziye Bakırtolu Başak Başgötüren Beşağıl Büyükburnak Büyüksinan Çatalhüyük Çatalömek Çelebi Çengilti Çimenlik Divanlar Doğuş Elmacı Emirgazi Erenler Erler Esentepe Fetih Fevziçakmak Gaziosmanpaşa Göçü Hacıhasan Hacıibalı Hacısadık Hacıveyiszade Hacıyusufmescit Hamzaoğlu Hasandede Hayıroğlu İpekler İsmil İstiklal Kalenderhane Karaaslandede Karaaslanüzümcü Karaciğan Karadona Karakaya Karakulak Katrancı Kayacıkaraplar Keçeciler Kerimdede Keykubat Kızören Köprübaşı Köseali Kumköprü Mengene Nakipoğlu Obruk Orhangazi Ortakonak Ovakavağı Sakyatan Saraçoğlu Sarıyakup Şatır Selimsultan Şemsitebrizi Sultan Mesud Sürüç Tatlıcak Ulubatlıhasan Yağlıbayat Yarma Yavşankuyu Yediler Yenice Yenikent Zincirli Twin cities Novi Pazar, Serbia References External links District governor's official website District municipality's official website Populated places in Konya Province Districts of Konya Province Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey Lycaonia	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karatay%2C%20Konya
Karayazı () is a municipality and district of Erzurum Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,953 km2, and its population is 25,543 (2022). In March 2019 Melike Göksu (HDP) was elected mayor. On 17 September 2019 she was dismissed and arrested due to a sentence of 7 years and 6 months for terrorist propaganda. Kaymakam Mesut Tabakçıoğlu was appointed as a trustee instead. Composition There are 75 neighbourhoods in Karayazı District: Abdurrahmanköy Ağaçlı Akarsu Akpınar Alemdağı Aliküllek Anıtlı Aşağıincesu Aşağısöylemez Aydınsu Bayraktar Bezirhane Çakmaközü Çalışkan Çaltılı Çatalören Çavuşköy Çayırbeyli Çelikli Çepi Değirmenkaya Dörtpınar Doruca Dündarköy Duruca Elmaağaç Geventepe Göksu Göktepe Güllü Hacıbayram Hasanova Kapanlı Karaağıl Karabey Karakale Karakaya Karasu Karşıyaka Kayalar Kazbel Kırgındere Kırıkpınar Kösehasan Köyceğiz Kurupınar Mollabekir Mollaosman Muratlı Payveren Şakirköy Salyamaç Sancaktar Sarıçiçek Selenli Sukonak Sulutaş Taşan Tosunlu Turnagöl Uğurdalı Ulucanlar Üzengili Yahyaköy Yalındal Yeni Yeniköy Yeşilova Yeşilyurt Yiğityolu Yolgören Yücelik Yukarıçığılgan Yukarıcihanbey Yukarısöylemez Notable people Hozan Canê (*1971), German-Kurdish singer References Populated places in Erzurum Province Districts of Erzurum Province Kurdish settlements in Turkey Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karayaz%C4%B1
William Everett Justis Jr. (October 14, 1926 – July 16, 1982) was an American pioneer rock and roll musician, composer, and musical arranger, best known for his 1957 Grammy Hall of Fame song, "Raunchy". As a songwriter, he was also often credited as Bill Everette. Biography Justis was born in Birmingham, Alabama, United States, but grew up in Memphis, Tennessee and studied music at Christian Brothers College (high school department) and Tulane University in New Orleans, Louisiana. A trumpet and saxophone player, while in university he performed with local jazz and dance bands. He returned home to Memphis in 1951 and was eventually taken on by Sam Phillips at Sun Records where he recorded music for himself as well as arranged the music for Sun artists such as Jerry Lee Lewis, Roy Orbison, Johnny Cash, and Charlie Rich, the latter of which he is credited with discovering. Released in November 1957, his song "Raunchy" was the first rock and roll instrumental hit, and its popularity was such that it reached #2 on the American Billboard chart by three different artists, Ernie Freeman for Imperial, and Billy Vaughn on Dot. It also reached #11 in the UK Singles Chart. It sold over one million copies, and was awarded a gold disc. Justis had one other significant hit record, "College Man", that went to U.S. #42. In 1961, Justis moved to Nashville where he became a successful record producer and music arranger for both pop and country music performers at Monument and Mercury Records and other labels. He played saxophone on the soundtrack for the 1964 Elvis Presley film, Kissin' Cousins and that same year took over as manager of the singing group, Ronny & the Daytonas. Justis had a number one hit in Australia in 1963 with "Tamoure". The song did not chart on the Billboard Hot 100. In the early 1960s he produced a successful series of instrumental albums on the Smash label (Alley Cat/Green Onions and Telstar/The Lonely Bull). Justis was credited by Ray Stevens in the TNN special, The Life and Times of Ray Stevens, for giving him the phrase "gitarzan", which became a million selling hit for Stevens in 1969. Justis also wrote the scores for several films including Dear Dead Delilah (1972), Smokey and the Bandit (1977), Hooper (1978), The Villain (1979), and Island Claws (1980). Justis died of cancer in Nashville in 1982, at the age of 55, and was interred in the Memorial Park Cemetery in Memphis. References External links [ Allmusic biography] 1926 births 1982 deaths 20th-century American composers 20th-century American saxophonists 20th-century trumpeters 20th-century American male musicians American trumpeters American male trumpeters American rock saxophonists American male saxophonists American male composers American music arrangers Christian Brothers University alumni Sun Records artists Phillips International Records artists Smash Records artists Monument Records artists Musicians from Birmingham, Alabama Tulane University alumni Deaths from cancer in Tennessee Burials at Memorial Park Cemetery (Memphis, Tennessee) Rock and roll musicians	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill%20Justis
Highgate United Football Club is a football club based in the Shirley district of Solihull, having relocated from their original location of Highgate in Birmingham. They are currently members of the and play at the Coppice. History The club was established in 1948 by a group of former residents of the St Vincent's Home for Working Boys, run by Father Hudson's Society. They joined the South Birmingham League, before moving up to Division Two of the Worcestershire Combination in 1964. After finishing fourth in their first season in Division Two, the club were promoted to Division One. In 1966–67 they reached the quarter-finals of the FA Amateur Cup; during the game against Enfield, several players collapsed after a lightning strike, and Highgate's Tony Allden died the next day. The game was abandoned and replayed at Villa Park, where a crowd of over 31,000 saw Enfield win 6–0. The 1970s was the most successful era in Highgate United's history; in 1972–73 the club were champions of the renamed Midland Combination, also winning the League Cup and reaching the semi-finals of the FA Amateur Cup, losing 4–0 in a replay to Walton & Hersham at Selhurst Park after the first match at Highfield Road had ended 0–0. They retained the league title and the League Cup the following season, also winning the Birmingham Senior Cup with a 3–2 win over Darlaston. The club won a third consecutive Midland Combination title in 1974–75 and went on to win the League Cup in 1975–76 and 1976–77. Highgate were Division One runners-up in 1981–82 and League Cup winners in 1984–85. They finished bottom of the (renamed) Premier Division in 1994–95, but avoided being relegated as the division was expanded from 18 to 20 clubs. The club won the Coventry Evening Telegraph Cup win 2006–07, and were Premier Division runners-up the following season, earning promotion to the Midland Alliance. In 2014 the Midland Combination and Midland League merged to form the Midland League; despite finishing third in the Alliance the previous season, Highgate were placed in Division One of the new league, a level below their previous position. However, they went on to win Division One in the Midland League's inaugural season and were promoted to the Premier Division. Ground The club originally played at Billesley Common. By the 1960s they had moved to their current ground on Tythe Barn Lane, five minutes walk from Whitlocks End railway station. A covered stand, partially seated and partially standing, was built on one side of the pitch in July 1996 and was later named the Patrick & Philomena Meade Stand. Floodlights were installed the following year. Honours Midland League Division One champions 2014–15 Midland Combination Division One champions 1972–73, 1973–74, 1974–75 League Cup winners 1972–73, 1973–74, 1975–76, 1976–77, 1984–85 Birmingham Senior Cup Winners 1973–74 Coventry Evening Telegraph Cup Winners 2006–07 Tony Allden Memorial Cup Winners 1973–74, 1974–75 Records Best FA Cup performance: Fourth qualifying round, 1973–74 Best FA Amateur Cup performance: Semi-finals, 1972–73 Best FA Trophy performance: Third round, 1974–75 Best FA Vase performance: Second round, 2004–05, 2023–24 See also Highgate United F.C. players Highgate United F.C. managers References External links Official website Football clubs in England Football clubs in the West Midlands (county) Association football clubs established in 1948 1948 establishments in England Sport in Birmingham, West Midlands Midland Football Combination Midland Football Alliance Midland Football League	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highgate%20United%20F.C.
Free Church Federation is a voluntary association of British Nonconformist churches for cooperation in religious social work. It was the outcome of a unifying tendency displayed during the latter part of the 19th century. History About 1890 the proposal that there should be a Nonconformist Church Congress analogous to the Anglican Church Congress was seriously considered, and the first was held in Manchester on 7 November 1892. In the following year it was resolved that the basis of representation should be neither personal (as in the Anglican Church Congress) nor denominational, but territorial. Subsequently, England and Wales were completely covered with a network of local councils, each of which elected its due proportion of representatives to the national gathering. This territorial arrangement eliminated all sectarian distinctions, and also the possibility of committing the different churches as such to any particular policy. The representatives of the local councils attended not as denominationalists but as Evangelical Free Churchmen. The name of the organization was changed from Congress to National Council as soon as the assembly consisted of duly appointed representatives from the local councils of every part of England. The local councils consisted of representatives of the Congregational and Baptist Churches, the Methodist Churches, the Presbyterian Church of England, the Free Church of England, the Society of Friends, and such other Evangelical churches as the National Council may at any time have admitted. The constitution stated the following as the objects of the National Council: (a) To facilitate fraternal intercourse and cooperation among the Evangelical Free Churches; (b) to assist in the organization of local councils; (c) to encourage devotional fellowship and mutual counsel concerning the spiritual life and religious activities of the Churches; (d) to advocate the New Testament doctrine of the Church, and to defend the rights of the associated Churches; (e) to promote the application of the law of Christ in every relation of human life. Although the objects of the Free Church councils were thus in their nature and spirit religious rather than political, there were occasions on which action was taken on national affairs of significant import. Thus, opposition was offered to the Education Act of 1902, and support accorded during the general election of 1906 to those candidates who pledged themselves to altering that measure. Early in the twentieth century it was recognised that a further mechanism was needed to handle Free Church issues at a denominational level. This was something that the Free Church Council was not established to do. Having seen the process hindered by World War I, the first meeting of the Federal Council of the Evangelical Free Churches took place in October 1919. The two councils then ran on parallel lines until they combined in 1940 to form the Free Church Federal Council to oversee both the local groups and denominational issues. Although the Free Church Federal Council was not one of the founding interdenominational bodies of the British Council of Churches in 1942, in 1972 a number of member denominations of the Free Church Federal Council were invited into discussions by two of its member denominations, the Presbyterian Church of England and the Congregational Church, that had recently come together to form the United Reformed Church. The Free Church Federal Council trod a careful path when the ecumenical process Not Strangers but Pilgrims began in 1986, leaving with its member denominations the choice of participating. It was more supportive when the British Council of Churches handed over its activities in September 1990 at the inauguration of the national bodies: Churches Together in England (CTE), Churches Together in Wales (CYTUN), and Action of Churches Together in Scotland (ACTS); and to the ‘four-nations’ body, Churches Together in Britain and Island. In particular the Free Church Federal Council has from the outset supplied its Moderator to serve as the Free Churches President of CTE alongside the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Cardinal Archbishop of Westminster, and has forged close relationships with CYTUN. It has also has offered CTE the use of its premises and seen many of its local groups play a major part in establishing local Churches Together Groups. In March 2016 the Free Church Federal Council updated its governing documents in order to better serve the interests of the Free Churches Group, the growing body of member denominations that the Free Church Federal Council convenes. Service A striking feature of the movement from its outset was the adoption of the parochial system for the purpose of local work. Each of the associated churches was requested to look after a parish, not of course with any attempt to exclude other churches, but as having a special responsibility for those in that area who were not already connected with some existing church. Throughout the United Kingdom local councils were formed into federations, some fifty in number, which were intermediate between them and the National Council. The local councils did what was possible to prevent overlapping and excessive competition between the churches. They also combined the forces of the local churches for evangelistic and general devotional work, open-air services, efforts on behalf of Sunday observance, and the prevention of gambling. Services were arranged in connection with workhouses, hospitals and other public institutions. Social work of a varied character formed a large part of the operations of the local councils, and the Free Church Girls Guild had a function similar to that of the Anglican Girls' Friendly Society. The National Council engaged in missionary work on a large scale, and a considerable number of periodicals, hymn-books for special occasions, and works of different kinds explaining the history and ideals of the Evangelical Free Churches were published. At its height the churches represented in the National Council had 9,966 ministers, 55,828 local preachers, 407,991 Sunday school teachers, 3,416,377 Sunday scholars, 2,178,221 communicants, and sitting accommodation for 8,555,460 (as of 1911). A remarkable manifestation of this unprecedented reunion was the fact that a committee of the associated churches prepared and published a catechism expressing the positive and fundamental agreement of all the Evangelical Free Churches on the essential doctrines of Christianity. The catechism represented substantially the creed of not less than 80,000,000 Protestants. It was widely circulated throughout Great Britain, the Commonwealth and the United States of America, and was also translated into Welsh, French, and Italian. By the time the Free Church Council combined with the Council of Evangelical Free Churches, a strong foundation had been laid for future progress and some significant benefactors came behind the project to make sure that the corporate voice of the Free Churches could continue to be heard. A residential block was built on the north side of Tavistock Square in London to provide an income and a headquarters for the organisation. The work in education continued and member denominations opened the way for ministers of other member denominations to join them in providing chaplaincy, notably the Methodist Church with prison chaplaincy. Member denominations took it in turn to provide a Moderator and the organisation employed a General Secretary and members of staff. By the time the revised governing documents were adopted in 2016, the Free Church Federal Council had three specialist secretaries, one for Education (including Education chaplaincy), one for Prison Chaplaincy and one for Health Care Chaplaincy, in addition to a General Secretary and support staff. In 2018 it instigated the Free Churches Commission on the Church and Social Cohesion which published its report ‘Connecting Communities and Serving People’ in November 2020 and continues to promote faithful witness in the public square. Growth The movement spread to all parts of Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Jamaica, the U.S., and India. It is perhaps necessary to add that it differs essentially from the Evangelical Alliance, inasmuch as its membership since the formation of the federal council is primarily at a denominational level rather than a congregational or personal level. The essential doctrine of the movement is a particular understanding of the Church which regards the Lord Jesus Christ as the sole and Divine Head of every branch of the Holy Catholic Church throughout the world. For this reason those denominations that do not accept the deity of Christ within a Trinitarian theology are necessarily excluded from membership of the Free Churches Group. At the time of publishing the report of its commission, the total number of member denominations within the Free Churches Group was twenty six: the Methodist Church, the Baptist Union of Great Britain, the United Reformed Church, the Salvation Army, the Assemblies of God, the Congregational Federation, the Baptist Union of Wales, Christ Apostolic Church, Church of God of Prophecy, Church of The Nazarene, Churches in Communities International, the Council of African & Caribbean Churches UK, the Countess of Huntingdon's Connexion, the Fellowship of Churches of Christ, the Free Church of England, the Free Methodist Church, the Independent Methodist Connexion, the Joint Council of Churches for All Nations, the Moravian Church, the New Testament Assembly, the New Testament Church of God, the Old Baptist Union, the Order of St Leonard, the Presbyterian Church of Wales, the Union of Welsh Independents and the Wesleyan Reform Union. See also Free church Alexander Mackennal Notes References External links Free Churches Group Ekklesia article on Free Churches Christian organisations based in the United Kingdom Protestant organizations Nonconformism Protestant ecumenism	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free%20Church%20Federation
Karlıova () is a town and seat of the Karlıova District in Bingöl Province of Turkey. The mayor is Veysi Bingöl (AKP). The town had a population of 9,016 in 2021 and is populated by Kurds. The town is divided into the neighborhoods of Kale, Kanireş, Kanitaht, Seyrantepe, Turgut Özal and Yeşilyurt. Geography The largest lake in Karlıova is Lake Bahri. See also Karlıova Triple Junction 1949 Karlıova earthquake External links District governor's official website References Populated places in Bingöl Province Kurdish settlements in Bingöl Province District municipalities in Turkey Karlıova District	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl%C4%B1ova
Andrew Noel Griffiths (born 3 September 1961) is an Australian children's and comedy writer. He was educated at Yarra Valley Grammar School. He is most notable for his Just! series, which was adapted into an animated television series called What's with Andy?, his novel The Day My Bum Went Psycho, which was also adapted into a television series, and the Treehouse series, which has been adapted into several stage plays. Previously a vocalist with alternative rock bands Gothic Farmyard and Ivory Coast, in 1992 he turned to writing. He is well known for working with Terry Denton. Early life An event cited by Griffiths as instrumental in developing his literary style was when, as a child, he read the 1845 German children's book Struwwelpeter, which featured children being maimed and killed as a consequence for bad behaviour. Career Literary style Griffiths places an emphasis on toilet and gross out humour in his books, and aims to balance levels of what he deems "anarchy" and "nice" within his series; he notes that his Just! series was more anarchic while his Treehouse series was more nice. Personal life Griffiths is noted as a supporter of children against what he views as "cotton wool" childhoods, and, along with Denton, was a noted supporter of the September 2019 climate strikes. Bibliography References External links Official website Griffiths profile on Macmillan.com Andy Griffiths discusses career and writing technique with Anna Burkey at State Library Victoria – ABC Splash 1961 births Living people Australian comedy writers Australian children's writers Monash University alumni Deakin University alumni Victoria University, Melbourne alumni Australian male novelists Writers from Melbourne	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andy%20Griffiths%20%28author%29
Massey Ferguson Sports & Social F.C. are a football club based in Coventry, England. They joined the Midland Combination Division Two in 1993. They currently play Sunday League football in the Coventry Sunday Football League. History Massey Ferguson F.C. was formed in 1956 as the works team for Coventry's Massey Ferguson factory and initially played in the Coventry Works League before becoming founder members of the Coventry Alliance, where they won at least one league title and a number of cups. For the 1993–94 season the club joined the Midland Football Combination, initially in Division Two, where they were champions at the first attempt, and followed this up by winning the Division One title the following year. They remained in the Premier Division until the end of the 2010–11 season, with a best finish of third in 1995–96. At the end of the 2010–11 season they resigned from the Midland Combination and took the place of their reserves in the Coventry Alliance in Division Three, eventually switching to playing Sunday football in the Coventry Sunday Football League. Records Best league performance: 3rd in Midland Combination Premier Division, 1995–96 Best FA Cup performance: never entered Best FA Vase performance: never entered References External links Association football clubs established in 1956 Football clubs in the West Midlands (county) 1956 establishments in England Sport in Coventry Football clubs in England Coventry Alliance Football League Midland Football Combination Works association football teams in England	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massey%20Ferguson%20F.C.
Kaş (; ) is a small fishing, diving, yachting and tourist town, and a municipality and district of Antalya Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,750 km2, and its population is 62,866 (2022). It is 168 km west of the city of Antalya. As a tourist resort, it is relatively unspoiled. History Although the Teke peninsula has been occupied since the Stone Age, it seems Kaş was founded by the Lycians, and its name in Lycian language was Habesos or Habesa. It was a member of the Lycian League, and its importance during this time is confirmed by the presence of one of the richest Lycian necropoleis. In the Hellenistic period and under the Roman Empire it served as the port of Phellus. For information on its history at that time and on its archaeological remains, see the article on Antiphellus, the name by which it was known at that time. The town suffered because of Arab incursions, then was annexed (under the name of Andifli) to the Anatolian Sultanate of Rum, led by the Seljuks. After the demise of the Seljuks, it came under the Ottomans. In 1923, because of the forcible exchange of populations between Greece and Turkey after the Greco-Turkish War, population of Greek origin in the area left for Greece. In the early 1990s tourism started booming in Kaş, with visitors mainly from the UK and Germany. This growth of tourism brought an explosion in apartment building (often without license), which is seriously threatening the landscape and the environment. Particularly affected is the Çukurbağ Peninsula, west of the town, which now has luxury hotels built on it. Geography As the tenth most populous district of Antalya as of 2022, Kaş is on a hill running down to the Turquoise Coast of southwestern Turkey. The district has a typical Mediterranean climate of hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters, which allows the growth of oranges, lemons and bananas. The lowland areas are also planted with cut flowers and a variety of fruits and vegetables. Many are grown all year round under glass. The hillsides produce honey and almonds, while at high altitudes there are extensive pine forests. The weather is drier at high altitudes. Although agriculture is still important, tourism is the main source of income in the district, which has many hotels and guest houses. About offshore from Kaş is the Greek islet of Kastelórizo (in Turkish Meis Adası) served by a Turkish ferry daily with the option of same day returns. Composition There are 54 neighbourhoods in Kaş District: Ağullu Ahatlı Aklar Akörü Bayındır Beldibi Belenli Belkonak Bezirgan Boğazcık Çamlıköy Çamlıova Çataloluk Çavdır Çayköy Cemre Çerler Çeşmeköy Çukurbağ Dereköy Dirgenler Doğantaş Gelemiş Gökçeören Gökçeyazı Gömbe Gürsu Hacıoğlan İkizce İslamlar Kalkan Karadağ Kasaba Kemerköy Kılıçlı Kılıçlıyayla Kınık Kızılağaç Merkez Ortabağ Ova Palamutköy Pınarbaşı Sarıbelen Sarılar Sinneli Sütleğen Uğrar Üzümlü Yaylapalamut Yeniköy Yeşilbarak Yeşilköy Yuvacık Tourism The tourist industry is centered on the pleasant town of Kaş, but many other coastal towns and villages in the district have plenty of accommodation for visitors including Kalkan and Gelemiş. The district can be reached from both Antalya and Dalaman airports, as there is no airport in Kaş. Kaş itself is a quiet pleasant town with its turquoise blue sea and narrow streets scented with jasmine flowers. There are plenty of little guest houses, quiet cafes serving home cooking, or small bars to relax and listen to live music after a day's scuba diving. Kaş has an annual arts festival, jazz concerts in the Hellenistic theatre and the Kiln Under the Sea arts collective have held underwater ceramics exhibitions here. Kaş is one of the leading spots for scuba diving in Turkey. Its visited by beginners as well as advanced divers. There are more than 15 dive centers and diving schools, mostly located at the local port. They offer guided diving trips to the 50 dive spots in the vicinity. Diving in Kaş offers an array of fish and other sea creatures like octopus and sea turtles. Besides the biological diversity, Kaş offers a vast variety of underwater cultural heritage. Among various wreck sites, six artificial wrecks are worth visiting. These wrecks are submerged to create artificial reefs and touristic diving spots. There are two historically important wreck sites, an airplane from World War II and a cargo ship from the 1950s sunk near the small islands in the extremities of Kaş. One last important diving spot is the "Kaş Archaeopark Site", an experimental archaeology project conducted by the Underwater Research Society (Sualtı Araştırmaları Derneği-SAD) in 2006. In this scientific project, an interpretative reconstruction of the Uluburun wreck and its cargo is placed underwater. Outdoor sport activities attract the more adventurous visitors of Kaş, especially small group holidays from Europe and independent travellers. Popular adventures include: Sea Kayaking at Kekova Mountainbiking the backcountry Trekking the Lycian Way Canyoning in the Kibris Canyon On Fridays, Greek visitors from Kastelorizo visit the markets of Kaş, including the central city market full local products and produce grown in the surrounding villages. Demographics The district has a population of 62,866 (2022). The town itself has 9,084 inhabitants. Other larger settlements are Kınık and Ova. Places of interest The town of Kaş has a Hellenistic theatre and many other places of historical interest, as well as beaches, and a number of caves, some of them underwater. For scuba divers there are several spots underwater, one of them being an underwater sculpture of a shark sculpted by Kemal Tufan and another being a submerged Douglas DC-3 plane. Beaches worth visiting: Kaputaş Plajı, small Seyrekcakil Plaji or Belediyesi Halk Plajı For sailors, a new marina with facilities for short and long stay has been opened. The mountains behind the coast have places for trekking, climbing and canyoning. The ruins of the antique cities of Komba (in the village of Gömbe), Nisa, Kandyba, Phellos, Istlada, Apollonia, Isinda and Kyaenai. A common excursion from Kaş is Kekova island in the neighbouring district of Demre. Here in the bays there are a number of wrecks of ancient ships and ancient cities sunk under the sea by earthquakes over the centuries. The sea is so clear that the details of city buildings such as staircases or columns can be seen from the boat. The area is also used for sea kayaking. In December 2006, Kaş was added to the specially protected Kekova marine area in order to preserve its rich biodiversity. Panorama See also Kaputaş Beach Kalkan Turkish Riviera Marinas in Turkey Foreign purchases of real estate in Turkey Meis–Kaş Swim References Sources External links Information on Kaş from Turkish Ministry of Culture and Tourism Link to 150 pictures that does work Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey Turkish Riviera Populated coastal places in Turkey Mediterranean port cities and towns in Turkey Populated places in Antalya Province Fishing communities in Turkey Districts of Antalya Province Populated places in ancient Lycia Former Greek towns in Turkey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C5%9F
Kabuki is a form of traditional Japanese theater. Kabuki may also refer to: People and characters Akihisa Mera (born 1948), a Japanese professional wrestler best known as The Great Kabuki The Kabuki Warriors, a Japanese professional wrestling women's tag team made up of Asuka (wrestler) and Kairi Sane Kamen Rider Kabuki, a character from Kamen Rider Hibiki Kabuki, a character from the David Mack comic book Kabuki Literature Kabuki (David W. Mack comic), a comic book series by artist and writer David Mack Kabuki (manga), a manga by Yukari Hashida Other uses Kabuki dance, a term used by American political pundits as a synonym for political posturing Kabuki brush, a make-up brush "Kabuki", a song from the album Adult by Tokyo Jihen See also Kabuki syndrome, a rare genetic disorder characterised by facial dysmorphism	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabuki%20%28disambiguation%29
Kavak is a municipality and district of Samsun Province, Turkey. Its area is 697 km2, and its population is 22,747 (2022). Kavak is located 51 km away from Samsun. It has 600 m height from the sea level. The mayor is İbrahim Sarıcaoğlu (AKP). Kavak is located on the Samsun-Ankara highway, which brings it economical and social advantages. The most important source of income for Kavak is chicken farms. Yaşar Doğu - Olympic gold medalist sports wrestler was born in Kavak district. Composition There are 91 neighbourhoods in Kavak District: 19 Mayıs Ağcakese Ahırlı Akbelen Alaçam Alagömlek Aşağıçirişli Atayurt Azaklı Bahçelievler Başalan Bayındır Bayraklı Bekdemir Belalan Beybesli Beyköy Boğaziçi Bükceğiz Büyükçukur Çakallı Çalbaşı Çarıklıbaşı Çataltepe Çayırlı Celalli Çiçekyazı Çiğdem Çivril Çukurbük Değirmencili Demirci Dereköy Divanbaşı Doruk Duman Dura Emirli Germiyan Göçebe Güneyce Hacılı İdrisli İkizdere Ilıcaköy Kapıhayat Karacaarslan Karacalar Karadağ Karantı Karapınar Karayusuflu Karlı Kartepe Kayabaşı Kayaköy Kazancı Kethuda Köseli Kozansıkı Küçükçukur Kurşunlu Kuzalan Mahmutbeyli Mahmutlu Mehmetpaşa Mert Muhsinli Muratbeyli Ortaköy Sarıalan Şeyhli Şeyhresul Seyitali Sıralı Soğuksu Susuz Tabaklı Talışman Tatarmuslu Tekkeköy Tepecik Toptepe Üçhanlar Yaşardoğu Yenicami Yenigün Yeralan Yosunlu Yukarı Dereköy Yukarıçirişli References Populated places in Samsun Province Districts of Samsun Province Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kavak%2C%20Samsun
Kavaklıdere may refer to: Kavaklıdere, Ankara, a metropolitan district of Turkey's capital city, Ankara Kavaklıdere, Aziziye Kavaklıdere, Muğla, a district of Muğla Province of Turkey Kavaklıdere, İzmir, a village in Bornova district of İzmir Province, Turkey Kavaklıdere (wine), a Turkish wine brand, found in Ankara	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kavakl%C4%B1dere
Kaynarca, formerly Şeyhler, is a municipality and district of Sakarya Province, Turkey. Its area is 343 km2, and its population is 24,483 (2022). The mayor is Murat Kefli (AKP). The nature reserve Acarlar Floodplain Forest is located northeast of Kaynarca. Composition There are 45 neighbourhoods in Kaynarca District: Akbaşlı Arifağa Başoğlu Birlik Büyükyanık Cebek Dudu Eğrioğlu Gaziler Gölce Gürpınar Güven Hatipler İmamlar İşaret Kalburcu Karaçalı Karamanlar Kayacık Kertil Kırktepe Kızılcaali Konak Küçükkaynarca Küçükkışla Kulaklı Merkez Mahalle Müezzinler Okçular Ömerağa Orta Mahalle Ortaköy Osmanlı Sabırlı Sarıbeyli Şeyhtımarı Taşoluk Topçu Turnalı Uğurlu Uzakkışla Uzunalan Yeniçam Yeşilova Ziahmet References Populated places in Sakarya Province Districts of Sakarya Province Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaynarca%2C%20Sakarya
Meir King's Arms Football Club was an association football club based in Stoke-on-Trent, England, established in 1972. Originally formed as the Sunday league team of the King's Arms pub in the Meir district, the club was later based in the neighbouring area of Meir Heath. Meir KA reached the 2nd round of the FA Vase twice. History The club was formed in 1972 as a Sunday league side based at the King's Arms pub. They competed for three years in the North Staffs and District Sunday League and in 1976 made the decision to switch to Saturday football, initially playing in the Longton League, where they won the league and cup double at the first attempt. In 1978 the club joined the North Staffs Alliance League, shortly after which they moved to their present ground. In 1984 Meir became founder members of the Staffordshire Senior League, where they were league champions in 1989 and 1991 and also won the Walsall Senior Cup in 1990, beating Rushall Olympic 2–1 after extra time and a replay. In 1992 they stepped up again to the Midland Combination (starting in the Premier Division), where the team played until 2010 when the club closed down. Ground The club purchased their ground in 1993 from former owners Mitchells and Butlers and embarked on a major redevelopment scheme. The pitch was re-drained during the 1995 close season and after finally winning planning permission from the local council, Meir completed the second phase of the operation by erecting floodlights in readiness for the 1996 season. Club records Best league performance: 2nd in Midland Combination Premier Division, 1996–97 Best FA Cup performance: First Qualifying Round, 2008–09 Best FA Vase performance: 2nd Round, 1994–95 and 1998–99 References External links Official website Defunct football clubs in England Midland Football Combination Defunct football clubs in Staffordshire Sport in Stoke-on-Trent Association football clubs established in 1972 Association football clubs disestablished in 2010 1972 establishments in England 2010 disestablishments in England Midland Football League (1994)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meir%20K.A.%20F.C.
General elections were held in South Africa on 18 October 1961. They were the first general elections after South Africa became a republic following the 1960 South African referendum. The National Party under Hendrik Frensch Verwoerd won a majority in the House of Assembly. The National Union Party - led by J.D. du P. Basson and ex-Chief Justice Henry Allan Fagan in alliance with the United Party - had been formed as a "bridge" to the United Party for moderate nationalists who were unhappy with Verwoerd's leadership, but the party failed and later merged with the United Party. The elections also saw the first general election appearance of the liberal Progressive Party, which had broken away from the United Party in 1959. The new party retained one MP, in the form of Helen Suzman. She was to remain its sole parliamentary representative until 1974. Changes in franchise End of black representation During the previous Parliament the seats of the three MPs and four Senators representing black South Africans had been abolished. The 1961 election produced the first Parliament with no representation at all for black South Africans. Coloured Representative Members The second election for the four Coloured representative members took place on 4 October 1961, before the (white voters only) general election on 18 October 1961. Under the Separate Representation of Voters Act 1951, the members were to serve until the dissolution of the new Parliament. The four seats were won by Independents, with United Party support. The recently formed Progressive Party did not contest the four vacancies. Reduction in voting age This was the first election after the passage of the Electoral Law Amendment Act, No. 30 of 1958, which reduced the voting age for white voters from 21 to 18. Delimitation of electoral divisions The South Africa Act 1909 had provided for a delimitation commission to define the boundaries for each electoral division, for general roll voters in the four provinces. The representation by province, under the eleventh delimitation report of 1958, is set out in the table below. The figures in brackets are the number of electoral divisions in the previous (1953) delimitation. If there is no figure in brackets then the number was unchanged. This was only the second general election, in South African history, where the boundaries were unchanged from the previous election. Composition at the dissolution At the end of the 12th Parliament elected since the Union of 1910, when it was dissolved in 1961, the House of Assembly consisted of two groups of members. White voters were represented by 156 general roll members and coloured voters in Cape Province by four white MPs known at the time as Coloured Representative Members (CRM). The general election only affected the representatives of white voters. The other members were elected on a different date (see above). The representation by party and province, at the dissolution was:- Results By province References In No Uncertain Terms, by Helen Suzman (Mandarin Paperback 1994) Keesing's Contemporary Archives South Africa 1982 Official Yearbook of the Republic of South Africa, published by Chris van Rensburg Publications General elections in South Africa South Africa General Events associated with apartheid October 1961 events in Africa	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1961%20South%20African%20general%20election
Comrade X is a 1940 American comedy spy film directed by King Vidor and starring Clark Gable and Hedy Lamarr. The supporting cast features Oskar Homolka, Felix Bressart, Sig Rumann and Eve Arden. In February 2020, the film was shown at the 70th Berlin International Film Festival, as part of a retrospective dedicated to King Vidor's career. Plot In the Soviet Union, American reporter McKinley "Mac" Thompson (Clark Gable) secretly writes unflattering stories about the Soviet Union, attributed to "Comrade X", for his newspaper. His identity is discovered by his valet, Vanya (Felix Bressart), who blackmails Mac into promising to get his daughter, a streetcar conductor named Theodore (Hedy Lamarr), out of the country. Theodore agrees to a sham marriage so she can spread the message of the benefits of Communism to the rest of the world. However, Commissar Vasiliev (Oscar Homolka) is determined to unmask and arrest Comrade X. Eventually Theodore sees the "wicked hypocrisy of Communism" and falls in love with Thompson. Cast Clark Gable as McKinley B. "Mac" Thompson Hedy Lamarr as Golubka / Theodore Yahupitz / Lizvanetchka "Lizzie" Oskar Homolka as Commissar Vasiliev Felix Bressart as Igor Yahupitz / Vanya Eve Arden as Jane Wilson Sig Rumann as Emil Von Hofer Natasha Lytess as Olga Milanava Vladimir Sokoloff as Michael Bastakoff Edgar Barrier as Rubick, Commissar's Aide Georges Renavent as Laszlo, world press attendee (credited as George Renevant) Mikhail Rasumny as arresting Russian Officer Production Production on Comrade X began filming in late August 1940. The film was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Story. Gable prophetically jokes that "Germany just invaded Russia" and "Panzer tanks are rolling into Ukraine" to get the Russian hotel manager to kick the German reporter out of his room. Less than a year after release, Germany did indeed invade Russia and the Ukrainian SSR. Pre-war American films such as Comrade X and Ninotchka also depict the Soviet Union as backwards, dreary, depressing and totalitarian. After the United States entered the war on Russia's side, however, Hollywood's depictions of Russians immediately changed to brave, honorable, freedom-loving liberators. The UK specifically pulled Comrade X from the cinemas. At one point in the movie, after McKinley feeds vodka to his secretary Olga and embraces her, Golubka enters his room and the women engage in a "hair pulling battle" for his affections that Variety described as “a honey." Box office According to MGM records the film earned $1,520,000 in the US and Canada and $559,000 elsewhere resulting in a profit of $484,000. References External links 1940 films 1940 romantic comedy films 1940s American films 1940s English-language films 1940s screwball comedy films American black-and-white films American romantic comedy films American screwball comedy films Films about journalists Films directed by King Vidor Films scored by Bronisław Kaper Films set in Moscow Films set in Romania Films set in Russia Films with screenplays by Ben Hecht Films with screenplays by Charles Lederer Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comrade%20X
Rebamipide, an amino acid derivative of 2-(1H)-quinolinone, is used for mucosal protection, healing of gastroduodenal ulcers, and treatment of gastritis. It works by enhancing mucosal defense, scavenging free radicals, and temporarily activating genes encoding cyclooxygenase-2. Studies have shown that rebamipide can fight the damaging effects of NSAIDs on the GIT mucosa, and more recently, the small intestine, but not for naproxen-induced gastric damage. Availability Rebamipide is used in a number of Asian countries including Japan (marketed as Mucosta), South Korea, China and India (where it is marketed under the trade name Rebagen). It is also approved in Russia under the brand name Rebagit. References Alpha-Amino acids 2-Quinolones Benzamides Chloroarenes	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebamipide
William Mauldin "Bo" Hopkins (February 2, 1938May 28, 2022) was an American actor. He was known for playing supporting roles in several major studio films from 1969 to 1979, and he appeared in many television shows and TV movies. Early life William Hopkins was born in Greenville, South Carolina. At the age of nine months, he was adopted by a couple who were unable to conceive. Growing up, he was called "Billy." His adoptive father worked in a mill in Taylors, South Carolina. When his father was 39, he died of a heart attack on the porch of the family's home. Billy and his mother witnessed his death. Unable to remain in their house, a month later the two of them moved to a new residence in nearby Ware Shoals, where his grandfather and uncles worked in another mill. His mother eventually remarried a man whose last name was Davis. Hopkins did not get along with his new stepfather; the two got into numerous arguments, some serious. After running away from home a few times, he was sent to live with his grandparents, and while there he learned that he had been adopted because his adoptive mother could not bear children. At age 12, he met his birth mother who lived with his half-sisters and a half-brother in Lockhart, another small mill town in South Carolina. Billy led a troubled life as a youngster, with numerous instances of truancy, minor crimes, and a stay in a reform school. He dropped out of school just before his 17th birthday and joined the United States Army, where he was assigned to the 101st Airborne Division. He was based at Fort Jackson, Fort Gordon, and Fort Pope, before being shipped off to Korea, where he served for nine months. Explaining in a 2012 magazine interview how he got his first name "Bo," he said: Career Hopkins appeared in more than 100 film and television roles in a career of more than 40 years, including the major studio films The Wild Bunch (1969), The Bridge at Remagen (1969), The Getaway (1972), American Graffiti (1973), The Man Who Loved Cat Dancing (1973), The Killer Elite (1975), Posse (1975), A Small Town in Texas (1976), Midnight Express (1978), and More American Graffiti (1979). His final film, Hillbilly Elegy, was directed by his long-time friend Ron Howard and released in 2020. After Hopkins' first roles in major films in the early 1970s he appeared in White Lightning (1973). Hopkins played Roy Boone. Jerry Reed and Hopkins played brothers Joe Hawkins and Tom Hawkins in the 1985 film What Comes Around. Hopkins starred or co-starred in many made-for-television movies of the mid-1970s, including Gondola (1973), Judgment: The Court Martial of Lieutenant William Calley (1975), The Runaway Barge (1975), The Kansas City Massacre (1975), The Invasion of Johnson County (1976), Dawn: Portrait of a Teenage Runaway (1976), Woman on the Run (1977), Thaddeus Rose and Eddie (1978), Crisis in Sun Valley (1978), and The Busters (1978). When Gretchen Corbett left the television series The Rockford Files in 1978, Hopkins replaced her character as Rockford's attorney John Cooper, ultimately appearing in three episodes. In 1981, Hopkins appeared in the first season of the prime time drama Dynasty as Matthew Blaisdel. His many other appearances on television included in miniseries Aspen (1977) and Beggarman, Thief (1979), and in episodes of Gunsmoke, Bonanza, The Wild Wild West, The Virginian, Nichols, The Rat Patrol (replacing Justin Tarr as the jeep driver for three episodes), The Mod Squad, Hawaii Five-O, Paul Sand in Friends and Lovers, The Rookies, Charlie's Angels, Fantasy Island, The A-Team, Scarecrow and Mrs. King, The Fall Guy, Crazy Like a Fox, Murder, She Wrote, and Doc Elliot. Hopkins portrayed a role in the video game Nuclear Strike. He plays Colonel LeMonde, a mercenary who steals a nuclear weapon. The "Strike" team tracks him through Southeast Asia. Personal life After his military service, William "Billy" Hopkins began dating Norma Woodle, whom he married at age 21, and they had a daughter in July 1960. Hopkins became interested in pursuing an acting career, but his wife disapproved of it and she soon left him, taking their daughter with her. After appearing in some area plays, he received a scholarship to study acting and stage production at the Pioneer Playhouse in Kentucky, where he soon moved. From Kentucky, he made his way to Manhattan to act in more stage plays. After that, he moved to Hollywood with his cousin's boyfriend, who wanted to be a stuntman. He earned a living parking cars while studying at the Actors Studio, where one of his classmates was Martin Landau. Hopkins had a two-year relationship with Gondola co-star Sondra Locke. They presented themselves as a couple on the game show Tattletales despite her existing marriage. Their episode aired just days before she left for Arizona to start shooting The Outlaw Josey Wales. Hopkins was married to Sian Eleanor Green from 1989 until his death; they had a son in 1995. After six years of professional inactivity, Hopkins returned to acting, reading scripts, and was writing his autobiography. Death Hopkins died on May 28, 2022 after suffering a heart attack. He was age 84. Filmography Film Television References Further reading External links 1938 births 2022 deaths 20th-century American male actors 21st-century American male actors Actors from Greenville, South Carolina American adoptees American male film actors American male television actors American male voice actors Male actors from South Carolina United States Army soldiers	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bo%20Hopkins
Keban is a town of Elazığ Province of Turkey. It is the seat of Keban District. Its population is 4,022 (2021). In the local elections 2019 the independent Fethiye Atlı was elected as Mayor. Keban is at the west of Elazığ Province and 46 km. away from province center. At the east of Keban, there is Elazığ Province. At west, Arapgir District of Malatya Province, at north there is Çemişgezek District of Tunceli Province, at northwest, Ağın District, at south, Baskil province. There is the second biggest dam of Turkey, Keban Dam. Notable people Cemîl Bayik References Bibliography Populated places in Elazığ Province Populated places on the Euphrates River Keban District District municipalities in Turkey Kurdish settlements in Elazığ Province	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keban
Keçiborlu is a town in Isparta Province in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. It is the seat of Keçiborlu District. Its population is 7,044 (2022). Etymology The town was known as Eudoxipolis (Ευδοξίπολη in Greek) during the Roman and early Byzantine periods. By the 12th century it was known as Sublaeum. History Keçiborlu is known as the site where Atlasjet Flight 4203 crashed on November 30, 2007. Economy In the early 20th-century, sulphur was mined in the area. References Populated places in Keçiborlu District District municipalities in Turkey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ke%C3%A7iborlu
Nuneaton Griff F.C. are a football club based in Nuneaton, Warwickshire, England. They joined the Midland Football Combination Premier Division in 1999, and have been competing in the since it was formed in 2014. Griff have won the Midland Combination Premier Division on two occasions, including a League and cup treble in 2000–2001, earning them the Midland Combination Team of the Year Award, two Coventry Alliance Premier Division titles, one Birmingham Combination Premier Cup in 2000–2001, two Coventry Alliance Premier Cups, five Coventry Telegraph Cups, two Chapel End Nursing Cups, along with the Birmingham County Junior Cup in 1998–1999. The club play their home games at the Pingles Stadium, which holds up to 6,000 spectators 232 seated. Griff's home kit is blue and white vertical striped shirts, with blue shorts, accompanied by blue socks. This combination has been used since the club formed in 1972. History The club was founded in 1972 as Nuneaton Amateurs when a dispute at the well-known local club Co-op Sports F.C. led to many members moving to the Nuneaton Griff and Coton Miners Welfare Ground. Nine players and officials paid £1 each to start the new club and Colin Wetton became the first manager, with Colin Rathbone as chairman. The Amateurs initially played in the Coventry and North Warwickshire League, and in their first season were denied a championship success when their opponents failed to turn up for a late-season rescheduled game and the Coventry and North Warwickshire League decided there was not time to fit in another match. By the 1990s the club was playing in the Coventry Alliance Football League, where they were dominant for a number of years. In 1998–99 the decision was made to apply for membership of the Midland Football Combination. The club was controversially placed directly into the Premier Division but the Heartlanders, under manager Mark Green, repaid that faith by winning the championship in their first season 1999–2000 and repeated the feat the following season 2000–01, adding the Endsleigh Challenge Cup for good measure. In the process they made history by winning the Challenge Cup at Villa Park and the following night winning the Coventry Telegraph Cup at Highfield Road, Coventry, to become the only club ever to play in two cup finals on consecutive days at two different Premier League football grounds win them both. In 2014 they were placed into the newly formed Midland Football League Division One. In the 2015-16 season the club reached the fifth round of the FA Vase for the first time, where they lost 3-0 to Salisbury at home in front of a record crowd of 870. Honours Midland Combination Premier Division Winners: 1999–2000, 2000–01 Runners-up: 2010–11 Midland Combination Challenge Cup Winners: 2000–01 Midland Combination Glover Rowley Team of the Year Winners: 2000–01 Coventry Alliance Premier Division Winners: 1996–97, 1997–98 Runners-up: 1998–99 Coventry Alliance Premier Division Cup Winners: 1996–97, 1997–98 Birmingham County Junior Cup Winners: 1998–99 Finalists: 1999–2000 Birmingham County Saturday Vase Finalists: 2000–01 Birmingham County Midweek Floodlit Cup Finalists: 2003–04, 2010–11, 2015-16 Coventry Telegraph Cup Winners: 1972–73, 1996–97, 2000–01, 2001–02, 2008–09 Coventry Charity Cup Winners: 1998–99, 1999–2000 Midland Combination Programme of the Year Winners: 2007–08, 2009–10, 2010–11, 2011–12, 2012–13, 2013–14 Soccer Club Swap Shop MFC Programme of the Season: 2007–08 Coventry Telegraph Junior Cup Winners: 2008–09, 2014-15 Foleshill Charity Cup Winners: 1989–90, 1997–98, 1999–2000 Roy Jones Memorial Cup Winners: 2010-11 Coventry Alliance Fair Play Award Winners: 2009–10 Nuneaton Cannon Sports 6-A-Side Champions Cup Winners: 2013 Records Best league performance: Midland Combination Premier Division champions, 1999–2000 and 2000–01 Best FA Cup performance: Second Qualifying Round 2012–13 Best FA Vase performance: Fifth Round, 2015–16 References External links Midland Football Combination Association football clubs established in 1972 Football clubs in Warwickshire 1972 establishments in England Midland Football League Sport in Nuneaton Football clubs in England Coventry Alliance Football League	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuneaton%20Griff%20F.C.
Keles is a municipality and district of Bursa Province, Turkey. Its area is 617 km2, and its population is 10,955 (2022). Composition There are 42 neighbourhoods in Keles District: Akçapınar Alpağut Avdan Baraklı Basak Belenören Bıyıklıalanı Çukur Cuma Dağdemirciler Dağdibi Davutlar Dedeler Delice Denizler Durak Düvenli Epçeler Ertuğrulgazi Gelemiç Gököz Harmanalanı Harmancık Demirci Haydarköy Hereke Issızören Karaardıç Kemaliye Kıran Işıklar Kirazlı Kocakovacık Kozbudaklar Küçükkovacık Menteşe Pınarcık Sofular Sorgun Uzunöz Yağcılar Yazıbaşı Yenice Yunuslar References External links District governor's office Populated places in Bursa Province Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey Districts of Bursa Province	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keles
A pump fake is a feigned attempt to pass or shoot the ball in football or basketball respectively. Football In gridiron football, a pump fake is a move by the quarterback to deceive the defense. It entails the movement of the arm so as to fool the defense into thinking the quarterback is throwing. Basketball In basketball, it is also known as a shot fake, and usually involves a jump shot, restrained before the feet leave the ground. The pump fake is a fundamental move in basketball, used to cause defenders to jump (known in basketball slang as "lifting" the defender) or be shifted off-balance. Its main applications are in the low post area, where a player is much more likely to have his or her shot blocked. On the perimeter, it is useful in creating open lanes to the basket by "showing" the ball enough to entice a defender to attempt to block or steal it, allowing the dribbler to penetrate easily. See also Basketball moves References American football terminology Basketball terminology	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pump%20fake
Kelkit is a town in Gümüşhane Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. It is the seat of Kelkit District. Its population is 21,316 (2022). The town lies at an elevation of . The name "Kelkit" comes from the Kelkit River, a major tributary of the Yeşil River, which flows into the Black Sea. People are either farmers or small business owners. Archaeology In November 2017, archaeologists announced the discovery of a 1400 year-old Byzantine sarcophagus in the antique village of Satala (current Sadak). According to researchers, there were Greek inscriptions on the cover saying "Blessed Kandes sleeps here". According to Gümüşhane Museum Director Gamze Demir, the broken part of the sarcophagus, which is considered to be 2.5 meters long is believed to be under the ground. References External links Forum District municipality's official website District directorate of agriculture's official website Road map of Kelkit district Populated places in Kelkit District District municipalities in Turkey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelkit
Kemaliye, formerly Eğin (, meaning "spring"), is a town in Erzincan Province in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. It is the seat of Kemaliye District. Its population is 2,536 (2022). The town is known for its historic architecture, including many Ottoman-era houses. It is also notable for its commanding view of the river Karasu (Euphrates) flowing south through a gorge above the Keban Dam. The town consists of 11 quarters: Dörtyolağzı, Gençağa, Ariki, Hacıyusuf, Halilağa, Naip, Bahçe, Sandıkbağı, Taşdibi, Isakpaşa and Esertepe. History Eğin may have been founded by Paulician Armenian Christians in the 9th century. Certainly, a Paulician state was headquartered at nearby Tephrike (modern Divriği) by 844. Alternatively, the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica reports that Eğin was settled by Armenians who emigrated from Van in the 11th century with Senekherim (presumably Seneqerim-Hovhannes of Vaspurakan of the Artsruni dynasty). Eğin became known as a center of Armenian musicians, and later, literary poets. In 1813, James Playfair's "A System of Geography" described Eğin as "[A] little town in the form of an amphitheatre, at the foot of a mountain, in a fruitful tract that reaches to the Euphrates." The British explorer Francis Rawdon Chesney followed the course of the Euphrates for a survey expedition between 1835 and 1837, and mentions Eğin as "a town of 2700 houses on the right bank". In comparison, he counts about 3000 houses in Erzincan and 2923 families in Malatya. Chesney describes Eğin's situation in a deep valley where the "mountains rise to about 4000 feet on each side of this singular fissure, which is so narrow that it is crossed by a bridge between lofty limestone precipices seeming to overhang the town and as it were to threaten its destruction." In 1895, the British geographer Charles William Wilson describes Eğin as follows in a travel guide to Asia Minor: Armenian historian Vahakn Dadrian reports that in 1896, the town was evenly divided between Armenians and Muslims (Turks and Kurds). He says that Eğin was notable for its prosperity and had previously escaped the 1895–1896 Hamidian massacres through a ransom payment by the Armenians of 1500 Turkish gold pounds. However, British archaeologist David George Hogarth writing for the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica noted a massacre of Armenians in Eğin on November 8, 1895. Although Dadrian reports that Eğin escaped during the Hamidian massacres, he says it was less fortunate when the Ottoman government retaliated for the 1896 Ottoman Bank Takeover by Armenian Dashnaks (itself a response to the Hamidian massacres). On September 15, 1896, three weeks after the Ottoman Bank Takeover, Ottoman troops killed "upwards of 2,000 Armenians" including "many women and children" according to a report by the French Ambassador. Of the 1,500 houses located in the Armenian quarter of Eğin, 980 were pillaged and burned. Eğin was chosen to be the target of the massacre because the leader of the bank raiding party, Papken Siuni, was a native of Eğin. According to a report by the British Consul at Harput, the pretext used to attack the town's Armenian quarter was that the Armenians of the town were "set to cause trouble". The same report by the Consul said that there were no revolutionary movement whatever and no powder magazine exploded during the massacre. A few pistols and revolvers were found in the ruins of the burnt houses. Hogarth's report for the Encyclopædia Britannica 15 years later also notes a massacre of Armenians at Eğin "in the summer of 1896". By 1911, Hogarth estimated the population of Eğin at 20,000 and assessed them as "fairly evenly divided between Armenian Christians and Muslims". He described Eğin as an important town in the Mamuretülaziz Vilayet "...picturesquely situated in a theatre of lofty, abrupt rocks, on the right bank of the western Euphrates, which is crossed by a wooden bridge. The stone houses stand in terraced gardens and orchards, and the streets are mere rock ladders." On 21 October 1922, following the Turkish War of Independence, a decree was issued renaming Eğin as Kemaliye (and Selinti as Gazipaşa) in honor of Mustafa Kemal Pasha. The former name is still known and used locally and sometimes even beyond. Kemaliye was administered as part of Elazığ Province until 1926, and within Malatya Province between 1926 and 1938. In 1938 it was transferred to Erzincan Province. The 1923 population exchange between Greece and Turkey (Greek: Ἡ Ἀνταλλαγή, Turkish: Mübâdele) stemmed from the "Convention Concerning the Exchange of Greek and Turkish Populations" signed at Lausanne, Switzerland, on 30 January 1923, by the governments of Greece and Turkey, had as result the evacuation of Egin from its Armenian-speaking Greek Orthodox minority population, inhabited there. After a most difficult journey of 8 months and more than a thousand kilometres, they reached the shores of Aegean and were transported (after various stations) in Diavata, near Thessaloniki and Kastaniotissa (new Egin), at the Greek island of Evia. Notable natives Papken Siuni (1873-1896), leader of the Ottoman Bank takeover. Siamanto (1878-1915), Armenian writer, poet and national figure arrested on Red Sunday and killed during the Armenian genocide. Nikol Galanderian (1881-1944), Armenian composer of children's songs. Ahmet Cömert (1926-1990), Turkish boxer, coach, referee, boxing judge and sports official References External links Kemaliye Belediyesi Kemaliye District District municipalities in Turkey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemaliye
Kemalpaşa is a municipality and district of İzmir Province, Turkey. Its area is 681 km2, and its population is 114,250 (2022). Kemalpaşa town is from the historical and traditional center of İzmir, (Konak) and has high levels of development in terms of industry and services. İzmir-Ankara highway crosses the district area to the north of the district center. Kemalpaşa district borders on the district Bornova to the west, Yunusemre, Şehzadeler and Turgutlu (Manisa Province) in the north and east, and İzmir's districts of Torbalı and Bayındır in the south. The eastern and southern parts of Kemalpaşa district preserve their markedly rural characteristics, which results in an urbanization rate of only 25.7 for the district area as a whole, despite the presence of a strong industrial base in and to the west of Kemalpaşa town. Kemalpaşa's very large organized industrial zone (KOSBİ) brings together producers of construction materials, rubber and plastic goods, textiles and clothing, leather, paper, packaging materials, machinery and other equipment, including electrical tools and installations, dyes and other chemical substances, marble and car parts, as well as foundries and other metalworks. Agriculture also occupies a portion with high added value in Kemalpaşa's economy, its cherries being of nationwide renown (known as Kemalpaşa kirazı in Turkish) and exported. Literacy is at a high level at 90%, and the neighboring Bornova, where Ege University is based, serves as a nearby pool in terms of trained personnel. Administration A township depending the sanjak (subprovince) of Saruhan (Manisa) until the late-Ottoman times, the town was attached to the subprovince of İzmir in 1900 and a municipal administration was constituted the year after. There are 49 neighbourhoods in Kemalpaşa District: 8 Eylül Akalan Ansızca Armutlu 85. Yıl Cumhuriyet Armutlu Hürriyet Aşağı Yenmiş Aşağıkızılca Atatürk Bağyurdu 29 Ekim Bağyurdu Kazımpaşa Bağyurdu Kemal Atatürk Bağyurdu Yeni Bayosb Bayramlı Beşpınar Çambel Çınarköy Çiniliköy Cumalı Damlacık Dereköy Gökçeyurt Gökyaka Hamzababa Kamberler Kızılüzüm Kuyucak Mehmet Akif Ersoy Nazarköy Ören 75. Yıl Cumhuriyet Ören Egemen Örnekköy Ovacık Sarıçalı Sarılar Sinancılar Soğukpınar Sütçüler Ulucak Cumhuriyet Ulucak Istiklal Ulucak Mustafa Kemal Atatürk Vişneli Yenikurudere Yenmiş Yeşilköy Yeşilyurt Yiğitler Yukarıkızılca Merkez Zeamet History Kemalpaşa region has always been a key point of passage between the Gulf of İzmir and the lands of the Anatolian interior. The recorded history dates back to 1300 BC. The Karabel relief depicting a Hittite warrior was until recently the only trace of that civilization discovered in western Anatolia. The recent discovery and the explorations that are currently being conducted in the prehistoric mound (höyük) near the depending municipality of Ulucak (Ulucak Höyüğü), is likely to shed new lights to the region's earlier history. There are also numerous tumuli in the Lydian style in the region. Karabel Hittite-Luwian rock relief The relief is a late Hittite-Luwian rock relief about 1.5 meter wide and 2.5 meters high and located in a passage between two mountains on the road south to Torbalı at a distance of six kilometers from Kemalpaşa center. It is dated to the second half of the 13th century BCE during the reign of Tudhaliya IV. A male figure depicted standing with a bow in his right hand and a spear in his left wearing a tunic and a cone-shaped hat is identified as Tarkasnawa, King of Mira, according to a recent reading by David Hawkins, widely approved by scholars and matched with a name mentioned in Hattusa Hittite annals. The relief is called "Eti Baba" (the Hittite father) locally. Nymphaion – Nif – Kemalpaşa The town's name in classical and medieval times was Nymphaion (). It rose to prominence during the late Byzantine times, when it became the favourite winter residence of the Nicaean emperors during the 13th century. A palace, whose well-preserved remains are still extant, was built there by John III Doukas Vatatzes. The association with the Nicaean court made Nymphaion a center of imperial politics: the city was raised to an archbishopric, where John III spent his final months, and both Theodore II Laskaris and Michael VIII Palaiologos were crowned. The two 13th-century important treaties in 1214 and 1261 both referred to as Treaty of Nymphaeum were concluded there with the Italian states. The latter was to have an important impact on the region's future, virtually ceding Smyrna to the Republic of Genoa. In the last decades of the 13th century, it became a major Byzantine stronghold against the advances of the Turkish beyliks: both emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos and the celebrated general Alexios Philanthropenos used it as their headquarters in the 1290s. The town fell to the Turkish Bey of Saruhan in 1315. From 1867 until 1922, Nif was part of Aidin Vilayet. Under Turkish rule, the town's original name was echoed in the Turkish name "Nif" which was in use until the early years of the Republic of Turkey. The name Nif was changed to Kemalpaşa in honor of Mustafa Kemal Paşa who had spent the night of 9 September 1922 here, before the closing chapter of the Occupation of Smyrna the next day, putting an end to the Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922) in the field. The name "Nif" is no longer used for the city, even colloquially, although its status of former name is common knowledge. Nif was one of the centers that were densely populated by Anatolian Greeks till the first quarter of the 20th century, before the Exchange of Greek and Turkish Populations. The mountain on the slopes of which the city of Kemalpaşa extends and the district's most important stream are still called Nif (respectively, Nif Dağı and Nif Çayı). With its summit reaching 1.510 meters high, Mount Nif was one of the mountains called Olympus in ancient times and is renowned today for its dense forests of oaks, oleasters, pines and other trees of the Aegean basin, cold springs and trout farms. The River Nif enters the district area near the township of Ulucak, crosses the plain to skip tangentially into the area of the neighboring district of Bornova, at which level a Roman bridge is found, rejoins Kemalpaşa to flow into Gediz River further north near Manisa. Industry and professions There are 306 large industrial enterprises based in Kemalpaşa district and the share of the population employed directly or indirectly in industrial activities reaches 60%. The organized industrial zone KOSBİ gathers on its own 236 large enterprises, 7 with full and 41 with partial foreign capital. The total number of companies based in Kemalpaşa district is 14.831. 463 of these are enterprises active in industrial sectors and 183 are registered exporters, the rest being accounted by establishments oriented towards services or agriculture. 8 banks are present in Kemalpaşa district with a total of 9 branches. Cherries, livestock breeding, and forestry The share of the population in Kemalpaşa district who pull their income from agriculture or animal breeding is 60%. Kemalpaşa region is well known for its cherries (Kemalpaşa kirazı in Turkish). 9 cooperatives set up for purposes of irrigation regulation and 6 others with agricultural development as objective bring together 3.137 persons. A large part of the land in Kemalpaşa district (1.310 hectares) is irrigated or has the infrastructure for regular irrigation, which explains the primary place occupied by maize among the grains produced, making Kemalpaşa an exceptional case in western Anatolia. The Union of Cherry Producers has 177 members, mostly large-scale producers. 1.594.600 cherry trees in total produced 47.838 tonnes of fruit in 2006 for Kemalpaşa. The increase compared to 2002 in the number of trees was 71.9% and in production 106.3%. At about 2.500 hectares each, the respective shares of agricultural lands and forests in Kemalpaşa are roughly equal. Among the lands used for agriculture, fruit orchards, principally cherries, take the lead at 33% (758 hectares), with olive trees (22%, 400 hectares) and vineyards (16%, 370 hectares) following. The portion occupied by vineyards and grains more than halved between 2000 and 2006, while the land used for the production of cherries doubled. Since cherries are relatively easier to maintain and process, and a large national and export market exists, their production increasingly attracts the attention of urban-based and hobby-minded producers who would assure the daily care outside the collect typically through the offices of one villager. There is also a growing tendency towards diversification in the vegetables produced, new breeds in demand by Izmir's customer base and previously unheard of like broccolis, asparagus, soybeans, kiwis, kakis, also making their appearance. The level of mechanisation in agricultural activities is high and well above the national averages. There are about 200 large dairies, poultries or livestock breeding farms across the district area, catering İzmir's huge market. The quantity of milk produced in Kemalpaşa in 2007 was 38.065 tonnes. There are 345.000 beehives and 345 tonnes honey and 10 tonnes of beeswax was produced in 2007. Kemalpaşa center has an open market (bazaar) area covering 8.000 square meters, and the depending townships of Ulucak 3.000 and Armutlu 2.000 square meters, where local and rural products are sold. Outside KOSBİ industrial zone, firms established in Kemalpaşa realized exports reaching 260 million US Dollars in 2006, principally products of agriculture such as cherries, peaches, raisins and olive oil. Social life Kemalpaşa's proximity to İzmir and the tendency of the population to head for the big city for activities of social life becomes a factor which plays against Kemalpaşa district center in terms of the availability on the spot of social facilities. While the mountain passage at Karabel where the Hittite monument is located has been arranged into a picnic area and the remains of Vatatzes's palace could attract more visitors, the absence of facilities for overnight visitors tend to limit Kemalpaşa's tourism potential to daily visits or excursions by trekking or hunting groups. One popular spot at a distance of a few kilometers to Kemalpaşa center is the "Kazakh Valley" or "Kımız Farm", located near the forests on the slopes of the Mount Nif and arranged around Central Asian themes, complete with a yurt built in concrete, serving Kazakh/Uzbek food and reputed to have one of the best offers of the ancestral drink kımız in Turkey. The stock farm within the establishment provide visitors or accomplished riders with the opportunity to ride Haflinger horses. Twin towns and sister cities Kamëz, Albania, since 7 January 2011 Kavadarci, North Macedonia, since 11 February 2013 Erzurum, Turkey since 1561 See also Mount Nif Ege University Observatory at Kurudağ Footnotes Resources Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Turkey Populated places in İzmir Province Districts of İzmir Province Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemalpa%C5%9Fa
Ronald William Starling (11 October 1909 – 17 December 1991) was an English footballer whose career lasted from 1926 to 1946. Starling was an inside forward who made 413 appearances in all competitions, never a high scoring inside forward he was a player who created chances for other players, notching a modest 65 goals throughout his career. His ball carrying ability earned him the nickname of "The Man with the Fluttering Feet". Playing career Born in Pelaw, County Durham, Ronnie Starling represented Durham County schools as a youth and began working in the coal mines in the north-east at the age of 14, firstly at Usworth colliery and then Washington Colliery. He was spotted by Hull City manager Billy McCracken while playing amateur football for Washington Colliery and signed for the Yorkshire club in October 1926 at the age of 17. Hull City Starling initially worked in the club offices whilst playing for the club as an amateur. He was part of the side which reached the FA Cup semi-final in the 1929–30 season, losing to Arsenal after a replay. Despite their good cup form that season the team struggled in Division Two and were heading for relegation when soon after the semi-final he returned to his native North-East with a £3,750 move to Newcastle United in May 1930. Newcastle United Starling was a regular in the Newcastle team in his first season at St James' Park (1930–31) making 38 appearances however the following campaign he only made 15 appearances losing his place in the side before Christmas to new signing Harry McMenemy. He took no part all in Newcastle's FA Cup run which saw the team beat Arsenal 2–1 in the final and on 25 June 1932 he signed for Sheffield Wednesday in a £3,250 deal. Sheffield Wednesday Starling was signed by Bob Brown but within a year Billy Walker was in charge. Walker made Starling club captain and played him in a central midfield role prompting him to produce the best football of his career. He played for The Owls for four-and-a-half years, as Wednesday finished third in Division One two seasons running and captained their 1935 FA Cup-winning team. He also played as Wednesday won the 1935 FA Charity Shield. In April 1933, he won his first England cap, playing as inside right in the 2–1 defeat by Scotland. As Wednesday struggled near the bottom of Division One, Starling joined Aston Villa for £6,900 on 6 January 1937, just a day after they had rejected a huge bid for Jackie Robinson from Arsenal. In total he played 176 league matches for Wednesday scoring 31 goals, and appeared in 17 FA Cup matches without scoring. Aston Villa Starling was a prominent member of Villa's 1937–38 side which won promotion to Division One. During his time with Villa he made his second England appearance on 17 April 1937, also against Scotland, as inside left in the 3–1 defeat. He remained on the books at Villa Park throughout World War II winning the Football League North in 1944, although he did make guest appearances for Northampton Town, Walsall and Sheffield Wednesday during the conflict. After the war he made single appearances in the League and FA Cup in 1946 before losing his place in the team and finally retiring in 1948, aged 39. Retirement After retiring as a player, he spent time as a coach with Nottingham Forest before retiring from football altogether, becoming a newsagent, with a shop on Middlewood Road near to Sheffield Wednesday's Hillsborough ground. Sheffield Wednesday won the 1991 Football League Cup Final, Wednesday's first trophy since Ronnie Starling lifted the FA Cup in 1935. Starling was photographed for the Sheffield Star newspaper with the trophy and Wednesday players shortly before his death on 17 December 1991, aged 82. References 1909 births English men's footballers England men's international footballers People from Pelaw Footballers from Tyne and Wear Hull City A.F.C. players Newcastle United F.C. players Sheffield Wednesday F.C. players Aston Villa F.C. players 1991 deaths Men's association football forwards	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronnie%20Starling
Sir Eric Merton Miller (28 September 1926 – 22 September 1977) was an English businessman, who committed suicide while under investigation for fraud. Early life Miller was brought up in the Jewish community in Croydon, Surrey, and left school at the age of 16 to enlist in the Royal Air Force and was stationed at Drigh Road in Karachi (modern-day Pakistan) and served through the Partition. On his return, he worked as an estate agent in London. Shortly thereafter, he was spotted as a business talent by George Farrow who ran a small property company called Peachey. Farrow recruited Miller to work for him, and after Farrow's retirement, Miller became Chairman of Peachey. Property dealings Under Miller's guidance, Peachey Property Corporation took over many other companies and became the predominant freeholder for high-end leasehold properties in London. In the early 1960s, a sudden change in policy led Peachey to sell off some of the residential property in an attempt to become a major player in the commercial property field (then undergoing a boom). This attempt was not particularly successful. Miller was the developer of the Churchill Hotel in Portman Square for the Loews US Corporation. Political activity Miller's father had been a Labour Party councillor and he also supported the party. In the early 1970s, Eric Miller began contributing to the running of Harold Wilson's private office and became a large financial supporter. He was appointed to the board of Labour Party Properties and served as Treasurer of the Socialist International. He was also a long serving director of Fulham F.C. previously having a stand at the club's Craven Cottage stadium named after him, since renamed as the Riverside Stand. Investigations Miller received a knighthood in the 1976 Prime Minister's Resignation Honours list. However, rumours were already growing that the financial dealings of his companies had not been legitimate, and his inclusion in the list was criticised. Investigations uncovered the siphoning off of large sums from the Peachey Property Corporation, and Miller was forced from the chairmanship and eventually off the Peachey board entirely in early 1977. The Fraud Squad and Department of Trade launched investigations, and Miller was served with four writs seeking restitution of funds he had allegedly taken. Personal life and death Miller was twice married, first to Leonore E. Frankel in 1950. The marriage ended in divorce. He married secondly to Myra Cohen in 1957. Miller died by suicide in September 1977, shooting himself in the head on the Jewish Day of Atonement. References 1926 births 1977 deaths English fraudsters English white-collar criminals British real estate businesspeople English Jews Knights Bachelor Suicides by firearm in England Burials at Willesden Jewish Cemetery 20th-century English businesspeople 1977 suicides	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric%20Miller%20%28businessman%29
General elections were held in South Africa on 15 April 1953. The elections consolidated the position of the National Party under D. F. Malan, which won an absolute majority of the 156 elected seats in the House of Assembly, also receiving the most votes. Its first-time majority of the white electorate would be retained until the 1989 elections. The United Party under JGN Strauss, who had become leader after Jan Smuts' death in 1950, lost several seats, and suffered several splits after the election. The Labour Party leader died five days before the election. Cape Coloured voters voted for the last time in a general election until 1994, overwhelmingly for the United Party. Changes in composition Native representative members The second term of the white MPs elected to represent black voters, from special electoral districts in Cape Province under the Representation of Natives Act 1936, expired on 30 June 1948 (just over a month after the National Party came to power in the 1948 general election). These seats were not vacated by a dissolution of Parliament, so they were not contested at either the 1948 or 1953 general elections. The three representative seats were filled by elections on 17 November 1948. Two Independent MPs (W.H. Stuart of Transkeian Territories and Mrs V.M.L. Ballinger of Cape Eastern) were returned. The third seat was taken by Sam Kahn, a South African Communist Party member, who gained the seat from an Independent. The term of these members expired on 30 June 1954 (the first 30 June to fall after five years from the date of election). The Communist Party dissolved itself (at least as an open political party) when legislation to ban it was going through Parliament in 1950. Sam Kahn was ultimately banned from being a member of Parliament, in 1952, under the anti-Communist legislation. Subsequently, two successive by-elections were held in Cape Western, but the victors had similar views to Mr Kahn and were also excluded from Parliament. The seat was then left vacant for the remainder of the term. South West Africa The white electors of the territory of South West Africa (present day Namibia), were allocated six seats in the House of Assembly. These new electoral divisions were first filled at by-elections on 31 August 1950. The governing National Party won all the seats, which were additional to the 150 general roll seats allocated to the Union of South Africa. Delimitation of electoral divisions The South Africa Act 1909 had provided for a delimitation commission to define the boundaries for each electoral division. The representation by province, under the tenth delimitation report of 1953, is set out in the table below. The figures in brackets are the number of electoral divisions in the previous (1947) delimitation. If there is no figure in brackets then the number was unchanged. The above table does not include the three native representative seats in Cape Province nor the six South-West African divisions, which were not included in the delimitation of the general roll seats for the Union under the South Africa Act 1909. Position at the dissolution At the end of the 10th Union Parliament, when it was dissolved in 1953, the House of Assembly consisted of two groups of members. General roll voters (white voters from the whole Union and South-West Africa and coloured electors in Cape Province and Natal) were represented by 156 members. Black voters in Cape Province were represented by three white MPs, known at the time as Native Representative Members (NRM). The general election, on 15 April 1953, only affected the representatives of general roll voters. From 1938 the Native Representative Members had fixed terms and were elected on a different date. The overall composition of the House, set out by province before the general election, was as below. Abbreviations in the province list. Orange FS: Orange Free State SW Africa: South-West Africa NRM: Native Representative Members Note: The NRM seat, formerly held by the Communist Party, is listed as Independent in the above table. Sam Kahn and his two successors, after the Communist Party dissolved its public organisation and went underground, all claimed to be Independents. Campaign Since the 1948 general election Dr Malan's Reunited National Party had merged with its coalition partner, the Afrikaner Party. The merged party was named the National Party (NP). The government had also strengthened its political position, by conferring six parliamentary seats upon the white population of the territory of South West Africa. The principal opposition party was the United Party (UP). Since the previous general election, in 1948, the UPs veteran leader Field Marshal Jan Smuts had died. The new Leader of the Opposition was J.G.N. Strauss. The other parliamentary opposition party was the Labour Party. In 1953, the United Party and the Labour Party had an electoral pact, for the third successive general election. During the campaign, the Labour leader John Christie died. His seat was consequently contested at a by election after the normal day of the general election poll. It was retained by a new Labour candidate and is included in the totals for the results section of this article, The NP promoted its policy of apartheid Dr Malan suggested that the white voters could unite around the Nationalist programme. The UP criticised the idea of apartheid as impractical and eventually disastrous. Mr Strauss campaigned alleging that the first task of a South African government should be the suppression of "Native" crime, who created insecurity in the major cities. United Party supporters were optimistic on the eve of the poll of regaining their position as the largest party. Results Due to the first-past-the-post system, the Nationalists won 37 more seats than United despite finishing only two percentage points ahead of United in the popular vote. As Cape Coloured voters still exercised this right in the Cape province, the majority among white voters would actually have been higher. This was enough to deliver the Nationalists a second consecutive majority government. By province References Keesing's Contemporary Archives Smuts: A Reappraisal, by Bernard Friedman (George, Allen & Unwin 1975) South Africa 1982 Official Yearbook of the Republic of South Africa, published by Chris van Rensburg Publications The South African Constitution, by H.J. May (3rd edition 1955, Juta & Co) External links S. African elections (1953), AP Archive footage General elections in South Africa South Africa General Events associated with apartheid April 1953 events in Africa	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1953%20South%20African%20general%20election
Keskin is a town in Kırıkkale Province in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey. It is the seat of Keskin District. Its population is 9,183 (2022). Its elevation is . History From 1867 until 1922, Keskin was part of Angora Vilayet. See also Once Upon a Time in Anatolia References Populated places in Kırıkkale Province Keskin District District municipalities in Turkey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keskin
Superstretch and Microwoman are a fictional, shape-shifting, husband and wife crime-fighting team, shown as a segment of Tarzan and the Super 7 television series 1978-1980). Fictional biography On the surface Chris and Christy Cross were just your average suburban couple. But when they sprang into action, Chris could take virtually any shape (such as a plane, a robot, a rubber ball, a perfect double of a villain, etc.). Christy could, as her name implied, shrink to microscopic size. Frequently tagging along on their adventures was their little dog, Trouble. The duo was a new concept for superhero cartoons in that they were the first African-American man/woman duo, and that they did not change into superhero costumes when the need to use their powers came, or adopt a "secret identity", simply wearing ordinary clothes. They were generally seen in lightweight adventures that were resolved simply, although a few episodes had them dealing with major crimes or a supernatural evil. Some times if the need arose, Christy and Chris would use their powers not to fight crime, but to accomplish household chores. First appearance Superstretch and Microwoman - a segment of Tarzan and the Super 7 (Filmation for CBS, September 9, 1978) Episodes Voices Chris/Superstretch voiced by Ty Henderson Christy/Microwoman voiced by Kim Hamilton Lt. Buzz Tucker voiced by Howard Morris References External links The Big Cartoon Database Black characters in animation Fictional African-American people Fictional characters who can stretch themselves Fictional shapeshifters Fictional married couples Superhero duos Fictional characters who can change size Television series segments	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superstretch%20and%20Microwoman
NetSys International (Pty) Ltd. is a South African–based company, specialising in solutions for the weather and aviation industries. History The company was registered in 1981 as a private company (Company registration no: 1981/02825/07). NetSys was founded for the purpose of developing network communications equipment and automatic message switching systems. The first customer was the South African Defence Force which ordered a logistics network comprising some 50 nodes of proprietary networking devices. The experience gained during this deployment was instrumental in entering into the international market. In 1988, NetSys was awarded a contract by the American computer company, Control Data Corporation, to develop a meteorological message-switching system on the back of the NetSys network devices. This development and subsequent investment in aviation related product development enabled NetSys to become a major solutions supplier in the Meteorological and Aviation industries. Since the work done for Control Data Corporation, NetSys has won a selection of tenders from a number of prestigious organisations. The main product was Weatherman, a message switch tailored for effective management of weather reports. In 1996 NetSys entered into the new area of Aviation with the commissioning of an automated Met and AIS pilot briefing system in Sweden, under the system name of Met/AIS. Isak Lombard, an executive director of NetSys, also joined NetSys in 1996 to become part of the Met/AIS team. The Met/AIS system became FlightMan that was subsequently acquired by aviation authorities in many other countries. NetSys International, in a strategic move to ensure that it remained a leader in its chosen fields, sought ISO Accreditation during 1998, achieving this goal on 29 March 1999 when NetSys received its ISO 9001 Accreditation Certificate from DEKRA – ITS Certification Services (Pty) Ltd. In another strategic move, NetSys decided in 2001 to supply commercial off the shelf (COTS) hardware for its system solutions – Cisco Systems for synchronous connections and Wide Area Network interfaces, 3Com for Local Area Network connections, Digi for asynchronous ports, Hewlett-Packard and Dell for server hardware are given preference when proposing new deals. In 2003, NetSys decided to consolidate its applications under one umbrella user-interface to provide a consistent look-and-feel for a diverse set of applications and different types of users. The solution was based on a client-server architecture where much of the existing proven server software (NSSRV) are re-used but exposed in modern client software (NSWS). This new solution is called the NetSys Solutions approach, where necessary elements from the server and client software are chosen and utilised to create a best-fit solution for the customer's needs. NetSys entered a new development direction in 2004 with the creation of its NOTAM management software. This system is currently in operation in Taiwan. Origin of the name NetSys was founded as Network Systems. The name was changed in 1988 to a shorter form, Netsys International, and finally in 2004 by the managing director of the time, to NetSys International. In 1993, Netsys UK was registered to act as the NetSys UK representative. Meteorological communication centres/Regional telecommunication hubs NetSys has a number of users that falls into this category. These users are typically responsible for the ingestion and dissemination of weather data. They provide a service to their clients by selectively distributing data based on routing tables. The routing tables are based on the WMO headers, or it may be AFTN send groups and addresses. Such a communication centre normally has a number of data sources and destinations which may support a variety of protocols. The product that is traditionally used is WeatherMan. More recent users use the NSSRV MHS with the modern NSWS Control Centre. The NetSys software fulfills the needs of a Regional Telecommunications Hub (RTH), as specified by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). In this category NetSys has its message switching software in South Africa (Pretoria), India (Delhi), Hungary (Budapest), Switzerland (Zurich) and Poland (Warsaw). Another sub-category of these users are those responsible for message communication but more under the auspices of the International Civil Aviation Authority (ICAO). These users are typically connected to the AFTN for the reception and transmission of MET data. The CoreMet system of UK NATS at the Heathrow communication centre is an example of such a site. This system is also responsible for the data quality and the uplink of all OPMET data disseminated over the SADIS satellite broadcast. In this regard, WeatherMan is used extensively to automatically correct systematic errors and rejected messages are sent to the NSWS Control Centre for manual correction with the aid of system provided diagnostics and hints. Another category of software that is used by NATS for example is the NSWS Met Data Monitor. It is used to monitor the timely arrival of data from different locations. Late arrivals are displayed on a dynamic map and with this functionality NATS can very quickly identify regional communication breakdowns around the globe. It also broadcasts reports of late arrivals as administrative messages to SADIS users, thus applying some peer pressure for performance improvement. Data banks It might be required by international organisations that some countries provide international and local data banks of OPMET or NOTAM. Examples of which are the European OPMET databanks in Brussels and Vienna, and EAD at Eurocontrol. The NetSys systems at BelgoControl are responsible for providing the Brussels databank. Flight information services/Flight planning centres Certain civil aviation authorities put a high value on quality and personalised pre-flight briefing. They require a system that will automatically deliver pre-flight bulletins where it is needed: e-mailed, faxed or delivered on paper. Each bulletin is tailor made from the flight route, derived from the flight plan. A typical requirement is to provide the most essential information possible, not to overload the cockpit with unnecessary paper and irrelevant data. For this purpose, these types of users normally require a narrow route briefing, where only information that touches or overlaps a flight corridor is included. An example of an excellent flight briefing service is the FPC at Arlanda in Sweden. A perfect product for such a customer is NSWS Flight Briefing with the necessary NSSRV components added as required, e.g. fax drivers. Legal records of all delivered flight briefings are also kept to provide an exact history. This may be crucial during an accident investigation. Large airports Many airports require a larger and integrated system. Normally this involves connecting a number of fringe systems and centralising data collection and distribution, the display of CCTV screens at control towers, processing of runway instrumentation output (e.g. RVR and wind) and much more. Here NetSys has the ability to use its NSSRV MHS to centralise the collection of data and distribute it in a controlled manner to all client systems. It allows a centralised archiving function that becomes crucial during accident investigations. NetSys can also integrate many data formats and massage them to fit the client's needs. An example is the special message format requirements for ATIS or VOLMET systems as implement in Belgium and India for example. NetSys developed one of the first interfaces to an AMHS to exchange meteorological data using the X.400 protocol. Remote airports There are many airports that do not have their own forecasters or a proper infrastructure to link them with forecasting centres but that need to supply pilots with weather briefings. This is a potential larger market but with relatively low margin and project costs. NSWS WAFS together with a satellite receiver for SADIS or ISCS is used in this scenarios. NetSys has many such small sites, many of which have been sponsored by IATA or managed by ICAO. Examples of current sites include Saudi Arabia, Oman, Ecuador, Mongolia, Afghanistan and China. NSWS WAFS displays the WAFS data and allows the user to produce Meteorological briefings. Aviation forecasting Some civil aviation authorities have a meteorological department that provide local weather forecasting. An example is BelgoControl in Belgium, where the organisation has a number of forecasters that produce local forecasts specifically for aviation customers such as airlines, freight operators and private pilots. NetSys also maintains a climate database for BelgoControl in which SYNOP, METAR and TAF messages for selected stations are decoded up to element level and stored for research and quality control purposes. TAMC in Taiwan is another example of a user that produces its own SIGWX charts with NSWS Forecaster. Flight information centres/NOTAM Offices There are many NOTAM offices in the world that still use a paper system to manage the NOTAM. The lack of computerisation is because of the wide deviation from NOTAM standards, as well as the high importance of this data. Contrary to Met data, NOTAM data volumes are low but each is of high importance. Carefully assigned sequence numbers guard the integrity of the data base. This market is potentially huge but faces its own challenges. Integration with an AIP is essential should one want to fully utilise FPL routes. NetSys can offer our NSWS NOTAM product specifically for NOTAM offices and our NSWS Flight Briefing for customers that require extended flight briefing. Major customer installations Including the major sites listed below, NetSys provides customer support in over 17 countries around the world. SMI in Zurich, Switzerland LFV in Stockholm, Sweden NATS at Heathrow in London, United Kingdom IMD in Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai and Chennai, India Belgocontrol in Brussels, Belgium IM at Lisbon and Islands, Portugal ANWS in Taipei, Taiwan SAWS in Pretoria, South Africa ATMB in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, China Environment of South Africa Information technology companies of South Africa Companies based in the City of Tshwane Organisations based in Pretoria	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetSys
The modern environmental direct action movement in the United Kingdom started in 1991 with the formation of the first UK "Earth First!" group for a protest at Dungeness nuclear power station. Within two years, there were fifty Earth First groups and activists linked with other parties in the road protest movement. There were large camps at Twyford Down and the M11 link road protest. By 1997, the Government had decided to reduce its road-building plans by two thirds. After this success, the environmental movement then took on local struggles such as fighting a quarry at Stanton Moor and opposing a new runway at Manchester Airport. It grew to include different groups such as Camps for Climate Action, Plane Stupid, Reclaim the Streets, Rising Tide and The Land is Ours. In the 2010s, new groups emerged such as Extinction Rebellion, and Grow Heathrow camps protesting against HS2. In the early 2020s there were series of actions by Insulate Britain, Tyre Extinguishers and Just Stop Oil. Earth First! The Earth First (EF) movement in the United Kingdom started in 1991 with a protest at Dungeness nuclear power station in Kent. From its inception, Earth First was committed to direct action techniques from the group's inception, with support for only nonviolent ecotage. Earth First consisted of a loose collection of groups and activists with no central organisation. After two years, there were fifty such groups, protesting in numbers not seen since the 1980s peace movement. The initial Earth First action focused around the importation of tropical hardwoods, with a protest at Liverpool docks in 1992. This action coincided with the Earth First roadshow, in which a group of activists toured the country. Most actions were organised by individual groups and attended by people from other groups in the movement, some of them wore distinctive colours. Co-ordination happened through various publications including Do or Die, the Earth First! Action Update and later SchNEWS. Activist met at regular Earth First gatherings. Road protest camps Earth First groups, together with many other groups, then became involved in the road protest movement, as an attempt to reverse the Government's road-building programme. The first major road protest happened at Twyford Down where a permanent protest camp was set up in late 1992 to oppose the construction of a new section of the M3 motorway. The Dongas tribe arose from this camp. The first tree-sits (occupations of trees) happened at Jesmond Dene in Newcastle in 1993, organised by the Flowerpot Tribe. Other early protests included Pollok Country Park in Glasgow, River Roddlesworth and Stanworth Valley near Preston, and at Solsbury Hill near Bath and the M11 link road protest in London, where an entire street was squatted. After the eviction of Claremont Road in 1994, protesters from the Flowerpot and Dongas tribes joined the protest at Stanworth valley to build an "Ewok village" of the tree houses. There were many subsequent road protests including Newbury bypass, the A30, Swampy became well known during the eviction at the A30 camp, although there were many other smaller road protest camps. Some camps did actually result in roads being cancelled, the first such cancellation occurring in London. By 1997, the Government had shrunk the road-building programme to a third of its original size. Alongside the need to save money and several reports criticising the original plans, the environmental direct action movement could claim a large role in this reduction. Another sign of its effectiveness had already been seen in 1994, when the Government had passed the Criminal Justice Act. Among other things it created a series of new offences which criminalised many forms of protest. Wider Earth First actions The focus of Earth First broadened over time to include protesting against the Manchester Airport second runway and fighting the use of genetically modified organisms. At the Nine Ladies stone circle in the Peak District, a camp successfully helped prevent a new quarry. The movement can be said to have given rise to a number of other groups, notably Reclaim the Streets and Rising Tide. The Land is Ours set up the Pure Genius camp on of derelict land which had previously housed a brewery owned by Guinness company. The squatters, including George Monbiot, stated they had occupied the land fifty years after the successes of the post World War II squatting movement. Climate activism Direct action techniques have also been applied to climate-related issues. On 31 August 2006, 600 people attended a protest called Reclaim Power against carbon emissions at the coal-fired Drax power station in Yorkshire. The protests were coordinated by the Camp for Climate Action, a ten-day camp held near the power station. The campers had also blockaded a nuclear power station in Hartlepool, Teesside. At a later climate camp, undercover police officer Mark Kennedy encouraged activists to commit aggravated trespass at Ratcliffe-on-Soar Power Station and the trial of six people subsequently collapsed when this was revealed. Actions carried out by the Plane Stupid group include the grounding of planes through the establishment of a climate camp on an airport taxiway and occupations of offices belonging to airport operator BAA and short-haul airline, EasyJet. On 8 December 2008, the group breached the perimeter of London Stansted Airport, causing a runway to be closed for three hours and the cancellation of 56 Ryanair flights. The protest was in response to the announcement that a second runway would be built at Stansted and there were 57 arrests. Grow Heathrow is a land squat in Sipson, west London, on a site which might be demolished to build a new runway at Heathrow Airport. It was occupied in 2010 and partially evicted in 2019. Frack Off was set up in 2011, one of a number of groups set up in response to concerns about the safety of fracking and other forms of shale gas extraction. Following on from these groups, Extinction Rebellion was set up on 31 October 2018, after a letter was published in The Guardian voicing concerns about the ecological crisis which was signed by 94 scientists. A series of protests by the group Insulate Britain involving traffic obstruction began on 13 September 2021. The group Tyre Extinguishers deflated the tyres of sport utility vehicles (SUVs) in cities around the UK in March and April 2022. The Just Stop Oil coalition of climate activism groups disrupted oil terminals across England for 12 days in April 2022. Throughout 2022 and 2023, Just Stop Oil have continued to protest, disrupting events and slow marching. High Speed 2 High Speed 2 is a currently under construction high-speed railway network which will link London, Birmingham, Leeds and Manchester. According to the Woodland Trust, 108 sites of ancient woodland are under threat. The decision of the Department for Transport was that phase one, construction of a rail link from London to Birmingham, could begin on 15 April 2020. Four woodlands in Warwickshire were immediately destroyed, despite the recommended advice being to only carry out felling in autumn to minimise damage to flora and fauna. Environmental campaigners had already set up occupations along the route of the proposed train line. In January 2020, HS2 Limited began evicting a series of camps in the Colne Valley Regional Park which had been occupied since October 2017. Activists, including some connected to Extinction Rebellion and the Green Party had been monitoring the work on HS2 and contested the evictions, claiming that HS2 did not own the land. In May 2020, a squat in Harefield, west London was evicted. See also 38 Degrees Civil disobedience Civil resistance Climate Rush Environmentalism Frack Off Friends of the Earth (EWNI) References Further reading Peter Styles (2012) Birds, Booze & Bulldozers External links Earth First! Action Reports Rising Tide Environment of the United Kingdom Protests in the United Kingdom Environmentalism in the United Kingdom Environmental protests in the United Kingdom Squatting in the United Kingdom Radical environmentalism Direct action	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental%20direct%20action%20in%20the%20United%20Kingdom
General elections were held in South Africa on 16 April 1958. The result was a victory for the National Party, now under the leadership of J.G. Strijdom after the retirement of Daniel Malan in 1954. The opposition United Party campaigned for the first time under De Villiers Graaff, who would remain party leader for two decades. The National Party won 103 seats in the House of Assembly. It was the first election in South Africa with a whites-only electorate, following the removal of the Cape Qualified Franchise in the late 1950s, after the resolution of the coloured vote constitutional crisis. Coloured voters were now represented by four white MPs elected in separate constituencies, after the model introduced for native (black) voters in 1936. Changes in composition and franchise Native Representative Members The third term of the (white) MPs elected to represent black voters, from special electoral districts in Cape Province under the Representation of Natives Act 1936, expired on 30 June 1954. These seats were not vacated by a dissolution of Parliament, so they were not contested at the 1953 general election. The three representative seats were filled by elections on 1 December 1954. Two Liberal Party of South Africa MPs (A.W.P. Stanford of Transkei and Mrs V.M.L. Ballinger of Cape Eastern) were returned. Stanford took his seat from an Independent. Ballinger had been elected as an Independent at the three previous representative elections, before becoming the first President of the Liberal Party, when it was formed on 9 May 1953. The third seat was taken by L.B. Lee-Warden, an Independent candidate. The term of these members expired on 30 June 1960 (the first 30 June to fall after five years from the date of election). The Native Representative Members seats were to be abolished in 1960, at the end of the current term. Coloured Representative Members The Separate Representation of Voters Act 1951, had provided for coloured voters in Cape Province to be removed from the general voters rolls and placed on a separate roll. The coloured voters lost the right to participate in general roll elections and were given four (white) representative members in Parliament. The implementation of the 1951 Act was delayed in what is known as the Coloured vote constitutional crisis, due to legal arguments about whether Parliament had complied with the requirement for a two-thirds majority in joint session, before it could remove the coloured voters from the general roll. Eventually legislation to change the size and electoral system for the Senate was enacted, which the courts accepted as enabling the 1951 Act to be validated by the constitutionally required margin. The Coloured Representative Members were elected, for the first time, on 3 April 1958, for a term expiring with the next dissolution of Parliament. Four supporters of the United Party were elected to fill the new seats. Delimitation of electoral divisions The South Africa Act 1909 had provided for a delimitation commission to define the boundaries for each electoral division, for general roll voters in the four provinces. The representation by province, under the eleventh delimitation report of 1958, is set out in the table below. The figures in brackets are the number of electoral divisions in the previous (1953) delimitation. If there is no figure in brackets then the number was unchanged. Composition at the dissolution At the end of the 11th Union Parliament, when it was dissolved in 1958, the House of Assembly consisted of two types of members. White voters were represented by 156 members and black voters in Cape Province by three white MPs (known at the time as Native Representative Members). A third type of MP was about to be elected, so that four white MPs would represent coloured voters in Cape Province. They were known as the Coloured Representative Members (CRM). The general election, on 16 April 1958, only affected the representatives of white voters. The other members were elected on different dates (see above). The representation by party and province, at the dissolution was:- Abbreviations in the province list. Orange FS: Orange Free State SW Africa: South-West Africa NRM: Native Representative Members Results The general election, for 156 seats in the 12th Union Parliament, was the first in South African history when only voters classified as white took part. In the eleven previous general elections, the Cape Province and Natal general electoral roll had included some black (until 1938 in the Cape), Asian (until 1948) and coloured electors. The election saw the collapse of the South African Labour Party which lost all 5 of its seats and whose vote dropped from almost 35,000 votes in 1953 to 2,670 votes in 1958. The drop in support is largely attributed to the party leader Alex Hepple's growing outspokenness in opposition to apartheid and his co-operation with the African National Congress, positions which were not supported at the time by white workers who were the bulk of the Labour Party's electorate. Moreover, the party did not repeat its electoral alliance with the United Party, and its sole two candidates in the election - Hepple and Leo Lovell - both finished in distant third places, losing their seats to United Party candidates. A total of 24 seats were uncontested, all of which were won by the United Party. By province The overall composition of the House, after the general election, was as below. There were boundary changes, from the delimitation of seats in the previous Parliament, so no attempt is made to identify changes. References General Elections in South Africa, 1943-70, by Kenneth A. Heard (London; Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1974) In No Uncertain Terms, by Helen Suzman (Mandarin Paperback 1994) Keesing's Contemporary Archives South Africa 1982 Official Yearbook of the Republic of South Africa, published by Chris van Rensburg Publications The South African Constitution, by H.J. May (3rd edition 1955, Juta & Co) General elections in South Africa South Africa General Events associated with apartheid South African general election	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1958%20South%20African%20general%20election
Ekachakra is a small village, located 20 km away from the town of Rampurhat in the Birbhum District of West Bengal. Within Hindu tradition, the five Pandavas from the epic, Mahabharata are described as staying in Ekachakra during their years in exile. It is also famous as the birthplace of Nityananda Rama (b 1474 CE), a principal religious figure in the Gaudiya Vaishnava tradition. The village extends north and south for an area of about eight miles. Other villages, namely Viracandra-pura and Virabhadra-pura, are situated within the area of the village of Ekacakra. In honor of Virachandra Goswami (the son of Nityananda), these places are renowned as Viracandra-pura and Virabhadra-pura. Toponym The origin of the name Ekachakra is associated with the legend of the Pandavas. In the battle of Kurukshetra Krishna broke his vow of not actively participating in the war as a warrior and rushed with chariot wheel chakram to help his devotee Arjuna, and slay Bhishma who had been fighting with Arjuna but not losing. When Bhishma satisfied him with many beautiful prayers, Krishna lost his anger and tossed aside the chariot wheel chakram. The chakram fell on this tract of land and therefore got the name Ekachakra. Eka means one, and chakra means chakram. In the Mahabharata, it is also believed to be the place where Demon Bakasura lived who was later slain by Bhima. However, there are several places all over India which contest as ancient Ekachakra. Geography Location Ekachakra is located at . Garbhavasa This is said to be the actual birthplace of Nityananda. In the Janmasthan Mandir there is a deity of Nitai (Nityananda) worshipped by a local brahmin family. Hadai Pandita Bhavan is the site of the original house of Nityananda's father. The small white temple next to Nitai Kund marks the exact spot where Nityananda was born. There are two banyan trees by this temple that are said to have existed since the time of Nityananda. In the center of the main altar of the temple is a deity of Lord Nityananda. To his left, with his hands raised, is Chaitanya Mahaprabhu. On Nityananda's right is Advaita Acharya. The side altar has deities of Radha-Radhakanta and Radha-Srikanta, a large dancing Gouranga in the center, and ten brass sakhis at the bottom. The temple was constructed by Prasannakumara Karapharma. Mala Tala There is an old Pippala tree here called 'Mala Tala'. Just before Nityananda departed the village in his youth, Hadai Pandita came here and chanted japa under this tree. Mala means "japa beads" and tala means "tree." When Nitai was about to depart Hadai Pandita left his japa beads here due to anxiety. Chaitanya Mahaprabhu came to Ekacakra many years after Nityananda left. It is said that at that time Chaitanya left his flower garland on a branch of this tree. Mala also means "garland." Therefore, also for this reason this tree was called Mala Tala. Hantugada Tirtha (Also known as Jahnu Kund) It is said that Nitai brought all the sacred waters from all the holy places to this kunda to save the local residents from having to journey to the Ganges to take a sacred bath. It is named Hantugada because Nityananda Prabhu used to perform the Dadhi-cida festival of distributing chipped rice with yogurt prasadam here and He would take the prasada while kneeling down. Pandava Tala This place is a five-minute walk (400m) into the fields, southeast of Nityananda's birthplace. It is surrounded by a group of Keli-kadamba trees. The Pandavas are said to have lived here with their mother, Kunti, when they were exiled to the forest. Bankima Raya Mandira The current deity within the Bankima Raya temple was found by Nityananda himself, within the Yamuna river of Ekachakra. The deity was then installed in a temple that is now submerged within Jahnu kunda. Nityananda is believed to have merged within this deity at the time of his disappearance. The present temple of Bankima Raya is also an old one. The deity of Jahnava Mata (Nityananda's wife) was placed beside him. In this temple there is also a small samadhi of Virachandra Goswami. See also Vrindavan Mayapur Nityananda Sankirtan References External links Ekchakradham, Birth place of Nityananda Prabhu A Three Day Pilgrimage to Ekachakra Nityananda Janmasthan A young girl's account of Ekachakra Hindu temples in West Bengal Vaishnavism Sacred groves of India Villages in Birbhum district	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekachakra
(1491–1545) was the successor of Hatakeyama Yoshimoto. This succession took place during the year 1515. For Yoshifusa to consolidate his power, he reinforced Nanao Castle and established himself there . Yoshifusa was a patron to scholars, and invited various scholars from Kyoto to lecture at Nanao. Yoshifusa was indeed a very capable leader. The Noto Hatakeyama enjoyed relative peace and stability as Yoshifusa was under their rule. References Hatakeyama clan 1491 births 1545 deaths	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatakeyama%20Yoshifusa
General elections were held in South Africa on 22 April 1970 to elect members of the 166-seat House of Assembly. Parliament was dissolved on 2 March and the deadline for the submission of candidates was 13 March. The elections marked the first time since the formation of South African in 1910 that the House of Assembly would be responsible solely to White South Africans, as the seats for the four MPs elected separately by "qualified" Cape Coloured voters expired in the same year, completing the process of political apartheid. They were also the first elections after the 1969 expulsion of Albert Hertzog and many verkrampte (hardline) representatives from the ruling National Party (NP), who had subsequently formed the Herstigte Nasionale Party (HNP). This realignment marked a new chapter in the political divisions of the country, with the hardline Afrikaner right-wing later forming the Conservative Party in the early 1980s. The elections resulted in the NP retained its large majority, reaffirming it as the dominant party for the post-Verwoerd era. Several new representatives were elected, including Chris Heunis, future Acting President and candidate for the NP leadership, and Pik Botha, future Minister of Foreign Affairs (1977–1994). However, the NP lost seats for the first time since the 1948 election, seeing its representation reduced by eight seats. With Hertzog's HNP failing to win a seat, the split in the nationalist vote benefitted the moderate United Party (UP) in several constituencies, invigorating it for perhaps the last time. Helen Suzman, member for Houghton, retained her seat in Johannesburg as the sole representative of the liberal Progressive Party, the last parliament for which she would sit for her caucus alone. Colin Eglin, who became leader of the Progressive Party in 1971, was defeated in the Cape Town seat of Sea Point by only 231 votes. Results Eleven members were elected unopposed. Voting in one constituency did not take place, with the National Party winning the subsequent by-election to give it a total of 118 seats. Aftermath Pik Botha made his maiden speech in an unusual tone for an NP deputy, demanding that the government sign the UN Declaration of Human Rights. F. W. de Klerk was eventually elected to this parliament in a by-election to the seat for Vereeniging in September 1972, replacing NP member V P Coetzee. References General elections in South Africa South Africa General Events associated with apartheid April 1970 events in Africa	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970%20South%20African%20general%20election
The following are the association football events of the year 1986 throughout the world. Events March 11 – Germany's Sigfried Held makes his debut as the manager of Iceland, losing (1–2) against Bahrain. March 21 – Egypt wins the Africa Nations Cup in Cairo after defeating Cameroon on penalties (5–4) after a 0–0 draw after extra-time. June 22 – Diego Maradona scores a goal with his hand, calling it the "Hand of God goal". June 29 – In the final of the 1986 FIFA World Cup, played for second time in Mexico City, Azteca Stadium, Argentina defeats West Germany 3–2 to win their second World Cup title. European Cup: Steaua București 0–0 Barcelona; Steaua București won 2–0 on penalties UEFA Cup: Two legs; 1st leg Real Madrid 5–1 1. FC Köln; 2nd leg 1.FC Köln 2–0 Real Madrid CF. Real Madrid CF won 5–3 on aggregate UEFA Cup Winners' Cup: Dinamo Kyiv 3–0 Atlético Madrid UEFA Super Cup: Steaua București 1–0 Dinamo Kyiv Copa Libertadores de América: Two legs; 1st leg América de Cali 1–2 River Plate; 2nd leg River Plate 1–0 América. River Plate won 3–1 on aggregate England – FA Cup: Liverpool won 3–1 over Everton England – Milk Cup (League Cup): Oxford United won 3–0 over Queens Park Rangers November 6 – Alex Ferguson is appointed manager of Manchester United December 14 – Argentina's River Plate wins the Intercontinental Cup in Tokyo by defeating Romania's Steaua București 1–0. The only goal is scored by Antonio Alzamendi in the 28th minute. Winners Club National Championship Asia - Qatar – Al-Rayyan Europe - Austria – Austria Wien - England – Liverpool - FC Kuusysi - France – Paris Saint-Germain - Hungary – Budapest Honvéd - Ireland - Shamrock Rovers - Italy – Juventus - Netherlands - PSV Eindhoven - Portugal – Porto - Romania – Steaua București - Scotland – Celtic - Spain – Real Madrid - Turkey – Beşiktaş - West Germany – Bayern Munich North America – Toronto Blizzard (NSL) – Rayados de Monterrey – Hollywood Kickers (WSA) South America - Argentina – River Plate - Bolivia – The Strongest - Brazil – São Paulo - Colombia – América de Cali - Paraguay – Sol de América International Tournaments African Cup of Nations in Egypt (March 7 – 21 1986) FIFA World Cup in Mexico (May 31 – June 29, 1986) Births January January 2 Ediz Bahtiyaroğlu, Turkish-Bosnian footballer (d. 2012) Nicolás Bertolo, Argentinian footballer January 4 Younès Kaboul, French footballer James Milner, English footballer January 7 — Grant Leadbitter, English footballer January 8 Jorge Claros, Honduran international footballer David Silva, Spanish international footballer January 9 Jéferson Gomes, Brazilian footballer Uwe Hünemeier, German footballer January 10 Hideaki Ikematsu, Japanese footballer Kenneth Vermeer, Dutch footballer January 17 – Mahamed Habib N'Diaye, Malian footballer January 22 – David Martin, English footballer January 23 – Vusi Ncogo, South African footballer February February 3 David Edwards, Welsh footballer Gregory van der Wiel, Dutch footballer February 6 – Ismael Barragán, Spanish footballer February 10 – Roberto Jiménez, Spanish footballer February 19 – Marta, Brazilian footballer February 25 – Mikhail Malykhin, former Russian professional footballer March March 4 Arturo Carbonaro, Italian footballer Eldar Getokov, former Russian professional footballer Fasal Shahid, English cricketer March 16 — Boaz Solossa, Indonesian footballer March 27 — Manuel Neuer, German international footballer March 28 — Choi Ki-suk, South Korea footballer March 12 — František Rajtoral, Czech international footballer (died 2017) March 31 — Tony McMahon, English footballer April April 2 — Sébastien Van Aerschot, Belgian footballer April 7 — Elton Jose Xavier Gomes, Brazilian footballer April 25 — Anton Burenkov, former Russian footballer May May 10 – Emilio Izaguirre, Honduran footballer May 20 – Dexter Blackstock, Antiguan-English footballer May 27 – Mario Mandžukić, Croatian footballer May 30 – Sergei Nyukhalov, former Russian professional footballer June June 7 – Olivier Uwingabire, Rwandan footballer June 14 – Nikita Lushin, former Russian professional footballer June 23 – Mariano, Brazilian footballer June 24 – Jean, Brazilian footballer June 27 – Mohammed Sannie, Ghanaian footballer July July 11 – Raúl García, Spanish footballer July 18 – Carlos Villa, Guatemalan professional footballer August August 19 – Kamil Karcz, Polish footballer August 24 – Gabriel Noah, Cameroonian professional footballer August 29 – Nicolás López, Uruguayan footballer September September 21 — Roger Tchouassi, Rwandan footballer September 28 — Andrés Guardado, Mexican footballer Mahmoud Rashdan, Qatari footballer October October 7 — Gunnar Nielsen, Faroese footballer October 13 — Bawa Mumuni, Ghanaian footballer October 21 — Edemir Rodríguez, Bolivian footballer November November 7 — Flavia Schwarz, Swiss former footballer November 9 — Roger Mathis, Swiss professional footballer November 25 — Craig Gardner, English youth international and coach December December 2 — Claudiu Keșerü, Romanian footballer Adam Le Fondre, English footballer Piauí, Brazilian footballer (died 2014) December 10 — Matthew Bates, English footballer, manager and coach December 19 — Ryan Babel, Dutch footballer Deaths January March April 6 April – Raimundo Orsi, Argentine/Italian striker, winner of the 1934 FIFA World Cup. (84) July August 1 August – José María Vidal, Spanish footballer September References External links Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation VoetbalStats Association football by year	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986%20in%20association%20football
Kınık is a municipality and district of İzmir Province, Turkey. Its area is 479 km2, and its population is 28,694 (2022). Composition There are 37 neighbourhoods in Kınık District: Arpadere Arpaseki Aşağı Aziziye Bademalanı Bağalanı Balaban Büyükoba Çaltı Çanköy Çiftlikköy Cumalı Değirmencieli Dündarlı Elmadere Fatih Hamzahocalı İbrahimağa Işıklar Kalemköy Karadere Karatekeli Kocaömerli Kodukburun Köseler Mıstıklar Musacalı Örtülü Osmaniye Poyracık Sucahlı Taştepe Türk Yayakent Yaylaköy Yeni Yukarı References Populated places in İzmir Province Districts of İzmir Province Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%B1n%C4%B1k
Kırkağaç is a municipality and district of Manisa Province, Turkey. Its area is 541 km2, and its population is 37,645 (2022). The town lies at an elevation of . Features Kırkağaç is an agricultural district and known for its variety of melon known as Kırkağaç melon (). Olive, walnut, tobacco and almond cultivation is among the important agricultural activities of Kırkağaç. There has been a road reconstruction in late 2021. A gas supply came to the city at the same time as to the city of Soma. A clock tower is situated in the center of the city. History From 1867 until 1922, Kırkağaç was part of the Aidin Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire. The Greek writer Elias Venezis, in his book Number 31328, states that Kırkağaç was burned from the Armenian quarter by the "enemy" who left; although this book is a memoir, in later versions, the word "enemy" was changed to "Greek". Composition There are 47 neighbourhoods in Kırkağaç District: Alacalar Alifakı Bademli Bakır Boduroğlu Bostancı Çaltıcak Çiftlikköy Cinosman Çobanlar Demirtaş Dualar Fırdanlar Gebeler Gelembe Gökçukur Güvendik Hacet Hacıhimmet Halkaavlu Hamidiye Hamitli Hıdırağa İlyaslar Işıklar Kadriye Karaali Karakurt Kayadibi Kınık Kocaiskan Kocamehmetağa Küçükyaya Kuyucak Memiş Musahoca Musalar Öveçli Şaireşref Sakarlı Sarıağa Siledik Söğütalanı Tevfikiye Yağmurlu Yenimahalle Zorağa References External links District governor's official website Road map of Kırkağaç and environs Populated places in Manisa Province Districts of Manisa Province Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%B1rka%C4%9Fa%C3%A7
General elections were held in South Africa on 30 March 1966. The result was another comprehensive victory for the National Party under Hendrik Frensch Verwoerd. The election marked a major strengthening of power for the ruling NP, which gained a two-thirds majority in parliament for the first time. The main opposition United Party slightly increased its share of the popular vote, but nevertheless saw its parliamentary representation considerably reduced. The number of House of Assembly seats for White voters in South Africa had been increased from 150 to 160 by the Constitution Amendment Act of 1965. In addition, there were six seats for White voters from South-West Africa (now Namibia). There were also four seats reserved for Coloured representatives, who did not have to stand for re-election during 1966. On 6 September, several months after the election, Prime Minister Verwoerd was assassinated. Coloured Representative Members The second election for the four coloured representative members had taken place on 4 October 1961, before the (white voters only) general election on 8 October 1961. Under the Separate Representation of Voters Act 1951, the members had been elected to serve until the dissolution of the 1961–1966 Parliament. The Progressive Party (PP) won the two seats representing coloured voters on the Cape Provincial Council, at an election in 1965. The National Party (NP) government became concerned at the prospect of four additional Progressive MPs being elected. The opposition United Party (UP) also feared the loss of support, if the existing four UP supported independent members were defeated. Parliament passed the Separate Representation of Voters Amendment Act 1965. This legislation extended the term of the existing coloured representatives until October 1966. Further Separate Representation of Voters Amendment Acts, in 1966 and 1968, extended the term until the dissolution of what turned out to be the 1966–1970 Parliament. The coloured representation in Parliament would then be abolished. Delimitation of electoral divisions The South Africa Act 1909 had provided for a delimitation commission to define the boundaries for each electoral division, for general roll voters in the four provinces. The republican constitution continued the arrangements for a commission. The representation by province, under the twelfth delimitation report of 1965, is set out in the table below. The figures in brackets are the number of electoral divisions in the previous (1958) delimitation. If there is no figure in brackets then the number was unchanged. South-West Africa (with six seats) and the coloured representatives (4 seats), were unaffected by the general delimitation provisions. Composition at the dissolution The 13th Parliament since the Union of 1910 and the 1st elected after the republic was proclaimed in 1961, was dissolved in 1966. At the time the House of Assembly consisted of two groups of members. White voters were represented by 156 general roll members and coloured voters in Cape Province by four white MPs known at the time as Coloured Representative Members (CRM). The general election only affected the representatives of white voters. The other members were elected on a different date (see above). Since the previous election, the United Party had absorbed the National Union, with which it had had an electoral alliance in 1961. The representation by party and province, at the dissolution was:- Results A total of 356 candidates were nominated; 154 for the National Party, 141 for the United Party, 26 for the Progressive Party, 22 for the Republican Party, 10 for the Front Party, two independents and one Christian National Party. The Republican, Front and Conservative National groups were new right-wing parties, which had not contested previous general elections. Eighteen candidates were returned unopposed, seventeen representing the National Party and one the United Party. The Progressive Party barely kept its Houghton seat, held by Helen Suzman since her defection from the UP, winning by 117 votes. By province References General elections in South Africa South Africa General Events associated with apartheid March 1966 events in Africa	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966%20South%20African%20general%20election
Kızıltepe (; ; ) is a municipality and district of Mardin Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,236 km2, and its population is 267,151 (2022). It is mainly populated by Kurds of the Kîkan tribe. Government In the local elections of March 2019 Nilüfer Elik Yılmaz was elected as Mayor. But on 15 November 2019 she was dismissed and a trustee was appointed. The current District Governor is Huseyn Cam, who was also appointed as the state appointed trustee. History The town has a historic 13th century great Friday mosque built by the Artuqids. On 1 July 1915, during the 1915 genocide in Diyarbekir, there was a massacre in the village where its Christian population was murdered by militia and Kurds. About seventy women were raped in the church, then put to death. Men, women, and children were killed indiscriminately and many victims were decapitated. After the massacre, Kurdish women stabbed any survivors to death. Rafael de Nogales visited weeks later and found "corpses barely covered with heaps of stone from which emerged here and there a bloody tress or an arm or leg gnawed on by hyenas". In the late 1980s there existed a refugee camp for Kurds who fled persecution by Saddam Hussein. It was also the scene of clashes between protesting Kurds and Turkish riot police in 2006. In Kiziltepe have been imposed curfews in the past. Kızıltepe, with +48.8 °C (119.84 °F) on August 14, 1993, holds the record for the highest temperature ever recorded in Turkey. Composition There are 183 neighbourhoods in Kızıltepe District. 10 of these (Atatürk, Bahçelievler, Cumhuriyet, Ersoylu, İpek, Koçhisar, Sanayi, Tepebaşı, Turgut Özal and Yeni Mahalle) formed the pre-2013 municipality of Kızıltepe. Akalın () Akça () Akçapınar () Akdoğan () Akkoç () Aktepe () Aktulga () Akyazı () Akyüz () Akziyaret () Alakuş () Alemdar () Alipaşa Altıntoprak () Arakapı Araköy () Arıklı () Arıtepe () Aşağıazıklı () Aslanlı () Ataköy () Atatürk Atmaca () Ayaz () Bağrıbütün () Bahçelievler Barış () Başak () Başdeğirmen () Bektaş () Belli () Beşevler () Beşik () Bozhüyük () Büyükayrık () Büyükboğaziye () Büyükdere () Büyüktepe () Çağıl () Çakır () Çamlıca () Çamlıdere () Çanaklı () Cantaşı () Çatalca () Çaybaşı () Çetinkaya () Çetinler () Çimenli () Çınarcık () Çıplak () Çitlibağ () Cumhuriyet Damlalı () Demet () Demirci () Demirkapı () Demirler () Dikmen () Doğanlı () Dörtyol () Doyuran () Düğürk () Dunaysır Dura () Ekinlik () Elbeyli () Elmalı () Erdem () Erikli () Eroğlu () Ersoylu Esenli () Eskin () Eşme () Eymirli () Fındıktepe () Fırat Göllü () Gözlüce () Güçlü () Gümüşdere () Güneştepe () Güngören () Günlüce () Gürmeşe () Hacıhasan () Hacıyusuf () Hakverdi () Halkalı () Harmandüzü () Haznedar () Hocaköy () İkikuyu () İkizler () Ilıcak () İnandı () İpek Işıklar () Işıkören () Kahraman () Kalaycık () Karabent () Karakulak () Karakuyu () Karaman Kaşıklı () Katarlı () Kayapınar () Kaynarca () Kengerli () Kılduman () Kilimli () Kırkkuyu () Kocalar () Koçhisar Koçlu () Konuklu () Köprübaşı () Körsu () Küçükayrık () Küçükboğaziye () Küplüce () Mevlana Mezopotamya Odaköy () Ofis () Örencik () Ortaköy () Otluk () Rıhani () Şahkulubey Sanayi Sancarlı () Sandıklı () Sarıca () Saruhan () Selahattin Eyyubi Şenyurt () Sevimli () Soğanlı () Sürekli () Tanrıverdi () Tarlabaşı () Taşlıca () Tatlıca () Tepebaşı Timurçiftliği () Tıraşlı () Tosunlu () Turgut Özal Tuzlaköy () Tuzluca () Üçevler () Ulaşlı () Ülkerköy () Uluköy () Uzunkaya () Yalınkılıç () Yamaç () Yamanlar () Yarımca () Yaşarköy () Yayıklı () Yaylım () Yedikardeş () Yeni Mahalle Yenikent Yeşilköy () Yeşiller () Yolaldı () Yoldere () Yolüstü () Yoncalı () Yüceli () Yukarıazıklı () Yüksektepe () Yumrucuk () Yumrutaş () Yurtderi () Yurtözü () Zergan Ziyaret () Notable People Selma Irmak (1971–), Kurdish politician Mem Ararat, Kurdish singer Notes Bibliography Assyrian communities in Turkey Populated places in Mardin Province Districts of Mardin Province Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey Kurdish settlements in Mardin Province	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%B1z%C4%B1ltepe
The Sultan Abdul Halim ferry terminal bridge collapse was a disaster of the Penang Ferry Service which occurred on 31 July 1988, at the Sultan Abdul Halim Ferry Terminal in Butterworth, Penang, Malaysia. The collapse caused the deaths of 32 people and injured 1,634 people. It was blamed on overcrowding and the jetty being made out of steel bars that led to the collapse. Transport Minister Ling Liong Sik pledged a full and open inquiry to determine its causes, with Chief Minister Lim Chong Eu promising to help the victims through a welfare fund. Cause Two simultaneous festivities The cause was extreme crowding at the Sultan Abdul Halim Ferry Terminal of about 10,000 people. There were two simultaneous festivities involving the Chinese ethnic group, namely the Kwan Yin Goddess festival in George Town and the St. Anne's Church anniversary in Bukit Mertajam, Penang. The decorated float procession was held at the Esplanade and at Padang Kota [field between Dato Keramat Road and Anson Road] as well as passing through main streets of Georgetown. Statues of this goddess were paraded along streets decorated with colourful lights in the middle of the city on Sunday 31 July 1988 night. There was a call for Buddhist devotees from the Chinese ethnic group to attend the event because it was held only once every 60 years according to the Chinese calendar (a once-in-a-lifetime occasion) and this festivity was believed to bring prosperity because Kwan Yin means 'Goddess of Generosity'. Tourists from Singapore, Hong Kong and Taiwan also came at that time. St. Anne's Church in Bukit Mertajam was also holding a large festival for its anniversary. Many Christian ethnic Chinese worshipped at this church on Sunday morning and proceeded to Penang in the afternoon to visit and observe the Buddhist ceremony. Packed bridge Penang Bridge which opened on 14 September 1985 did not accommodate public transport. Many people chose to go to the island to enjoy the scenic Malacca Strait and sunset, and continue to the Esplanade on foot. Packed jetty The Sultan Abdul Halim Ferry Terminal had two levels. The lower level was for cars and other small vehicles to roll-on/roll-off. The upper level was for passengers from and to the Butterworth bus station. The terminal, built in 1956 could not withstand the 'assault' of 10,000 passengers. Its columns were made of reinforced concrete and floor of thick boards. The floor beams, fencing and walls, made of dense steel, covered the passageway for vehicles beneath. At 4:40 p.m., the beams buckled and snapped. The floor boards consequently collapsed. The steel walls and roof caved in. The passengers above slid and were crushed by columns and platform boards. Vehicles beneath were smashed. Victims 32 people were killed and 1,674 people were injured. Victims were taken to Butterworth Hospital, Bukit Mertajam Hospital and other hospitals. The fire brigade struggled to extricate victims. The left passage was completely stopped. But the right passage could still operate, letting passengers travel to the island and back. The wreckage was left for a while for investigation and expansion planning. This news of the ferry terminal collapse was reported on the 8:00 p.m. TV3 main news. Effects After the incident, the Penang Port Commission studied the suitability and efficiency of the use of ferries between Butterworth and Raja Tun Uda Ferry Terminal at the Penang side. Express bus passengers were dropped not only at the Butterwoth bus station but also at Sungai Dua and Gelugor. Given the relative speeds of crossing the strait by ferry versus the Penang Bridge, most regular commuters now prefer the bridge. The Sultan Abdul Halim Ferry Terminal was rebuilt with several modifications. In popular culture On 11 April 2015, TV3 (Malaysia)'s documentary programme - "Detik Tragik" (Tragic Moments) produced an episode about the ferry terminal bridge collapse. This is followed by Fail Bomba of Radio Televisyen Malaysia (RTM) in 2017. References Further reading Rozlan Ishak, Alias Aziz, Norlen Mohamed (2004). DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR THE STATE OF PENANG (PDF file). Retrieved 17 February 2005. (Note: the link to document is not available now.) The only one picture is available on Malaysia Fire and Rescue Volunteers's website. Special report from Kwang Wah Jit Poh that included some pictures. (with Google translator) Tragic Disasters in Malaysia by Fire and Rescue Volunteers, Malaysia 1988 disasters in Asia Transport disasters in Malaysia July 1988 events in Asia 1988 in Malaysia Building and structure collapses in Malaysia Building and structure collapses in 1988 North Seberang Perai District	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan%20Abdul%20Halim%20ferry%20terminal%20bridge%20collapse
James Moore Smythe (; 1702 – 18 October 1734) was an English playwright and fop. Biography Smythe was appointed by the King to the Office of, Co-Paymaster of the Honourable Corps of Gentlemen at Arms. He was born James Moore. He was the son of Arthur Moore ( – 4 May 1730), MP for Great Grimsby, and his 2nd wife Theophila Smythe, dau. of William Smythe Esq., Paymaster of the Band of Pensioners, now known as The Honourable Corps of Gentlemen at Arms, and Lady Elizabeth Berkeley. His mother's maternal grandfather was George Berkeley, 1st Earl of Berkeley and his mother carried the last name Smythe. Moore graduated from All Souls College, Oxford with a Bachelor of Arts in 1722. During his college years, he had a reputation for wittiness and a great attention to fashion. He was referred to by the informal name "Jemmy." When his grandfather (William Smythe) died in 1720, he left estates to Moore on condition that he change his name to Smythe, which he did by private Act of Parliament (2 Geo. 2. c. 26). Moore Smythe was profligate, and even with inherited estates ran up substantial debts. Furthermore, he had offended several persons in society, and particularly tories. In 1727, he wrote his only play, The Rival Modes, and the Drury Lane company under the direction of Colley Cibber and Robert Wilks acted it. Smythe packed the audience in hopes of raising money, but the play was not well received. The opening night audience included many to whom Smythe owed money. The play ran for six nights, which was a mediocre run. However, Smythe received £300 for the author's benefit night. Smythe's place in Alexander Pope's The Dunciad comes primarily from this play. In the second act, Smythe quoted eight lines of Pope's poetry. It appears that Pope had given and then revoked permission for the use of the lines, but Smythe went ahead anyway. This earned him Pope's wrath, and he was already despised by the other Tory wits. In The Dunciad of 1727, Pope presents Moore as a "phantom poet" whom all the book sellers are desperate to court. This is partially because of the piracy (Moore does not indicate his source or credit Pope), but it is more because Bernard Lintot offered Moore Smythe the incredible sum of £130 for the publication rights to the play. (In contrast, Leonard Welsted had had a much greater theatrical success in 1726 with The Dissembled Woman and had received only £30 for the publication rights.) Lintot probably suspected that the controversy would mean sales and that Moore was a new Whig hero. On the last score, at least, he would have been correct. Edward Cooke, in his Battel of the Poets of 1729, proclaimed Moore a "new Dryden." Other "dunces" from The Dunciad began to support and collaborate with Moore, and Leonard Welsted joined with Moore in writing One Letter to Mr Pope in 1730. Moore, despite having no poetic career before the play and virtually no career after it, was being lauded, and this despite what Edward Young called "a very bad" play. Moore Smythe appeared to be a nobleman, a man of fashion, and an anti-Tory, and in The Dunciad he is presented as a great, vacuous nothing whose jingling coat and supposedly jingling pockets induce the mercenary book sellers into a frenzy. When they reach Moore, they find that he has nothing of his own, including his clothes. In 1730, Pope renewed this characterisation of Moore Smythe. In The Grub-Street Journal for May and June, Pope wrote: A Gold watch found on a Cinder Whore, Or a good verse on J--my M-re, Proves but what either shou'd conceal, Not that they're rich, but that they steal. In each attack, Pope characterises Moore primarily as a plagiarist. When the book sellers reach their "Phantom Moore" in The Dunciad, all the poetry in his collection flies back to the poets it was stolen from. Pope indicates that Moore stole not only from him, but from Dryden, from John Arbuthnot, and from others. In the context of The Dunciad, Moore stands not just for the generally degraded fop, nor for the imprudent heir of a fortune, but for the avarice and stupidity of book sellers (exemplified by Edmund Curll) who would publish anything at all, regardless of value, if it looked like it would sell. Thus, Moore Smythe's calculated gesture of using his notoriety to sell seats in the playhouse and the book sellers who would count upon that notoriety to sell copies of the play were mirrored sides of a critique of an emergent mass market for literature, and Pope's primary target is the abandonment of standards of quality. After his quarrel with Pope, Moore Smythe continued in his debts and insolvency. He died unmarried and in poverty on 18 October 1734. The next year, in Epistle to Dr. Arbuthnot, Pope again attacked Moore Smythe as a plagiarist. Since his day, Moore Smythe has been remembered almost exclusively as Pope presented him, as a noble-born dunce. Notes References Carter, Philip. "James Moore Smythe". In Matthew, H.C.G. and Brian Harrison, eds. The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. vol. 51, 461. London: OUP, 2004. 1702 births 1734 deaths 1720s English dramatists and playwrights English male dramatists and playwrights English male poets Honourable Corps of Gentlemen at Arms	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Moore%20Smythe
Kiraz may refer to: Places Kiraz, Turkey, a district of İzmir Province in Turkey Kiraz, Susurluk, a village Edmond Kiraz (1923–2020), humor cartoonist and illustrator based in France Esra Kiraz (born 1992), Turkish women's armwrestler Emrah Kiraz (born 1987), Turkish footballer Ferhat Kiraz (born 1989), Turkish footballer George Kiraz (born 1965), American Syriacist Ümmü Kiraz (born 1982), Turkish female long-distance runner Turkish-language surnames	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiraz
WWME-CD (channel 23) is a low-power, Class A television station in Chicago, Illinois, United States, which serves as the flagship station of multicast networks MeTV and Heroes & Icons. It is owned by locally based Weigel Broadcasting alongside fellow Weigel flagship properties, CW affiliate WCIU-TV (channel 26) and independent station WMEU-CD (channel 48). The stations share studios on Halsted Street (between Washington Boulevard and Madison Street) in the Greektown neighborhood, while WWME-CD's transmitter is located atop the Willis Tower on South Wacker Drive in the Chicago Loop. Even though WWME-CD has a digital signal of its own, the low-power broadcasting radius does not reach the outer ring of Chicago proper or surrounding suburbs. Therefore, the station can also be seen through a 16:9 widescreen standard definition simulcast on WCIU's third digital subchannel, with Heroes & Icons being carried on WCIU-DT4 in order to reach the entire market. This signal is broadcast on channel 26.3 from the same Willis Tower transmitter site. History Early history The station first signed on the air on October 28, 1987 as W23AT, originally operating as a translator of WFBT. In 2001, the station changed its callsign to WFBT-CA and shifted to a brokered-time ethnic programming format (coincidentally, this was the original programming format of sister station WCIU-TV from 1964 until it converted into an English-language, entertainment-based independent station on December 31, 1994). Launch of MeTV as a programming format On January 6, 2003, WFBT debuted a programming block called "Me-TV", which featured classic television series from the 1950s to the 1980s (such as The Jack Benny Program, Sergeant Bilko, The Carol Burnett Show, Maude and One Day at a Time) daily from 12:00 to 3:00 p.m. "Me-TV" underwent several lineup changes throughout its existence as a block, adding and removing shows and expanding the time periods during which it broadcast (eventually running from 8:30 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. by 2004). On December 31, 2005, Weigel rechristened channel 23 as WWME-CA, with MeTV becoming the station's full-time programming format and on-air branding. The station's former ethnic programming and WFBT call letters moved to W48DD (channel 48). On August 4, 2007, WWME introduced "Sí! Me-TV" (the first two parts of the moniker were based on the phrase "see me", although "Sí" is the Spanish word for "yes"), a weekend morning block which featured Spanish-dubbed versions of classic shows from the Universal Television library (such as Hercules, Xena, Miami Vice, Quantum Leap and The Incredible Hulk). Some programs that aired during the block were available to the station only in Spanish, due to syndicated restrictions imposed on the original English-language versions; "Sí! Me-TV" also offered a public affairs program targeted at Chicago's Latino population, which began at a later date. The block was discontinued on January 25, 2009. On March 1, 2008, channel 48 – which adopted the WMEU-CA call letters at that time – was converted into an extension of WWME's MeTV format as MeToo. Initially, the two stations maintained similar programming schedules; however by that fall, one station focused mainly on sitcoms while the other largely focused on dramas, and vice versa. In addition to classic television series, WWME also broadcast sporting events from the Chicago Public Schools Public League. On September 14, 2009, WWME's MeTV schedule shifted its programming to a sitcom-intensive format (running such shows as The Bernie Mac Show, All in the Family, The Three Stooges and Frasier), while the MeToo schedule on WMEU-CA was restructured to feature only off-network dramatic programs (such as Perry Mason, Star Trek, Star Trek: The Next Generation and The Twilight Zone) and films to streamline the schedules of both MeTV outlets. Conversion into the flagship station of the MeTV network On November 22, 2010, Weigel Broadcasting announced that it would turn the MeTV concept into a national network that would compete along with similar classic television multicast networks such as the Retro Television Network and (the then yet-launched) Antenna TV, while complementing its successful sister network This TV. The MeTV network launched on December 15, 2010, with WWME serving as its flagship station, and by effect, effectively became an owned-and-operated station of the national network. Concurrently, WMEU reincorporated comedy series into its schedule, resulting in both stations once again maintaining identical formats – albeit with other programming as the national MeTV network focuses on series from the 1950s to the 1970s while WMEU's MeToo format continued to offer series from the 1980s to the 2000s on its schedule, in addition to older programs. On December 15, 2010, WCIU moved its simulcast of WWME to digital subchannel 26.3 in preparation for the January 1 launch of "The U Too", a general entertainment programming service that replaced the WWME simulcast on digital channel 26.2. In concurrence with the launch of The U Too, PSIP channel 48.1 was deleted (to be later used by the digital signal of WMEU-CA), while 23.1 reverted to being the virtual channel number for WWME-CA (23.2 was also discontinued, but WWME restored that subchannel with the addition of Bounce TV upon the network's September 2011 launch as part of affiliation agreement with Weigel Broadcasting). Technical information Subchannels The station's digital signal is multiplexed: WWME-CD2 As part of an affiliation agreement between the network and Weigel Broadcasting (which also included Milwaukee sister station WBME-TV), the station began carrying Bounce TV on digital subchannel 23.2 when it launched on September 26, 2011. On September 29, 2014, WWME-CD2 disaffiliated from Bounce TV to become a charter affiliate of Heroes & Icons, a Weigel-owned network focusing primarily on classic drama and action series. Analog-to digital transition On March 11, 2008, WWME signed on its digital signal on UHF channel 39, becoming the first low-power television station in the Chicago market to operate a digital signal. From early 2009 to December 2010, the station's full-power simulcast on WCIU-DT was also mapped as virtual channel 23.1, while WWME-CA was mapped to virtual channel 23.2 to prevent channel duplication. WWME-CA replaced the simulcast of WCIU's main channel on its analog signal on January 10, 2011, in favor of carrying a simulcast of WCIU's "The U Too" subchannel (which was otherwise carried on digital subchannel 26.2). In September 2013, with the upgrade of "The U Too"'s programming to high definition (as shown on WMEU-CD channel 48.1), the WWME analog signal was shifted to a simulcast of WCIU's "MeToo" service on digital subchannel 26.4; the analog simulcast of MeToo ended on January 7, 2015, with the analog signal never broadcasting any programming as a result until March 2015, when the analog signal began carrying programming from Heroes & Icons. The future of UHF channel 23 is uncertain, as a spectrum incentive auction for U.S. broadcast television stations is currently scheduled for mid-2016. WWME-CA would have been required to shut down its analog transmitter on September 1, 2015 in any event, as the FCC's since-delayed digital transition for low-power stations did not affect Class A-licensed stations. WWME-CA shut down its analog signal on January 7, 2015. No termination notification campaign was produced as was done in 2009, as it was assumed most viewers had made the transition years before to WWME's digital signal with the full-power analog transition. Analog nightlight programming On June 12, 2009, WWME converted its analog signal into a simulcast of full-power sister station WCIU-TV, in order to provide an analog nightlight signal following the digital television transition. From June 13 to July 12, 2009, WWME also carried simulcasts of morning and early evening newscasts from NBC owned-and-operated station WMAQ-TV (channel 5), along with the 9:00 p.m. newscast from WCIU's sports broadcast partner WGN-TV (channel 9), except on nights when WGN aired sports telecasts. The regular MeTV schedule continued to air on WCIU-TV digital channel 26.3 and WWME-LD 23.1 (digital channel 39). References External links Weigel Broadcasting WME-CD Television channels and stations established in 1987 1987 establishments in Illinois MeTV affiliates WME-CD Heroes & Icons affiliates OnTV4U affiliates	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WWME-CD
WAFF (channel 48) is a television station in Huntsville, Alabama, United States, affiliated with NBC. It is owned by Gray Television alongside low-power Telemundo affiliate WTHV-LD (channel 29). The two stations share studios on Memorial Parkway (US 431) in Huntsville; WAFF's transmitter is located south of Monte Sano State Park. History The Decatur years (1954–1969) WAFF is northern Alabama's oldest television station. The station first began broadcasting from studios and transmitters in Decatur ( west of Huntsville) on July 4, 1954, as WMSL-TV, channel 23. It was owned by Frank Whisenant, a Decatur businessman whose company, Tennessee Valley Radio & Television Corporation, also owned WMSL radio (AM 1400, now WWTM). Both stations took their calls from Mutual Savings Life Insurance Company, who founded WMSL radio in 1935. WMSL-TV originally carried programming from all four networks of the time—NBC, CBS, ABC and the DuMont Network—but was a primary NBC affiliate. It lost the DuMont Network when that one began closing down in 1955; it lost ABC when WAAY-TV started in Huntsville in 1959 as an ABC affiliate; and, finally, lost CBS when WHNT-TV began transmitting as a CBS affiliate in 1963. During the late 1950s, WMSL was also affiliated briefly with the NTA Film Network. Until the early 1960s, Decatur was the largest city in the viewing area, and it was centrally located—thus making it a good location for the region's first TV station. However, when Huntsville became the region's largest city due to the exponential growth of U.S. Army Missile Command and NASA installations, Whisenant decided to move WMSL-TV there as well; it was the only major station in the market licensed in Decatur. Whisenant applied to change WMSL-TV's city of license to Huntsville as well, even though the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) had changed its regulations so it could have kept its license in Decatur. However, because the station's original channel assignment, channel 23, was too close in frequency to the area's Alabama Educational Television outlet, WHIQ (channel 25), the FCC required WMSL-TV to move to channel 48 as a condition on its permit to relocate its city of license. The move to a higher UHF frequency was highly unusual for that time, especially during the 1960s, when the All-Channel Receiver Act had only recently been passed. Many UHF stations that had started operations on channels above 40 or so were able to move to lower allocations per FCC action, or even to VHF. WMSL-TV began broadcasting on channel 48 in January 1969, while simulcasting on channel 23 for several days afterwards. Some weeks later, Whisenant closed the station's studios in Decatur when the new studios opened in Huntsville. In the meantime, Whisenant sold WMSL radio to Clete Quick, another Decatur businessman. Early years in Huntsville (1969–1974) On September 1, 1967, about 16 months before moving to Huntsville, WMSL-TV had to begin sharing the NBC affiliation for North Alabama with WAAY-TV (meaning the market had no local ABC affiliate for a year; the network was available only on out-of-market stations in Birmingham, Nashville, and Chattanooga that were carried by area cable systems). Still, the new channel 48, which took over WAAY-TV's old ABC affiliation when its NBC contract expired in September 1968, made persistent efforts to serve its greatly expanded viewing area, which now included most of the Shoals region of northwestern Alabama. Call sign and ownership changes In October 1974, Whisenant sold the station to Vermont-based International Television Corporation, which renamed the station WYUR-TV on March 9, 1975. Despite more aggressive attempts to promote its newscast, WYUR's ratings were far behind WAAY and WHNT. Then, on June 6, 1978, AFLAC, then known by its full name of American Family Life Assurance Company, bought the station, re-christening it WAFF after its slogan of the time, "American Families Finest". Some months earlier, on December 11, 1977, WAAY decided to return to ABC, as that network had become the nation's most popular, in prime time programming especially; in turn, this left channel 48 returning with the then-less-desirable NBC affiliation. AFLAC did not immediately turn the corner with WAFF; the station kept fine-tuning its newscasts and acquiring some nationally popular syndicated programs, but very little seemed to work. Still, the station pressed forward; around 1980 or 1981 a new tower was constructed on the south end of Monte Sano, adjacent to the station's studios. The tower measured some in height and was constructed in an effort to provide better reception to viewers across northern Alabama and southern middle Tennessee. The weather forecaster at the time, Glenn Bracken, held a coloring contest for schoolchildren across the viewing area, whereby they could depict their scenes of the new "tall tower" and incorporate WAFF's marketing message "New Tall Tower Means More Picture Power" and have their drawing and name presented during the nightly weather forecast (which usually took place on a balcony outside the news studio's doors). Also, during this period, WAFF began airing promotional spots showing various scenes of its news personalities interacting with residents of its viewing area, along with its news helicopter, "Sky48," to a song titled "We're Your Kind of People." 1982 studio fire and aftermath On the evening of March 24, 1982, the station's building, situated on Monte Sano to overlook Huntsville proper, caught fire and burned. Local firefighters found the fire hydrant at the end of the driveway had yet to be connected to the water main and the water pressure of nearby hydrants were low; this situation would later prompt competitor WHNT to relocate to downtown Huntsville, some years later. It was a few days when WAFF began broadcasting through the auspices of local cable companies, who provided NBC programming feeds from WSMV-TV in Nashville (which later became a sister station of WAFF) and WVTM-TV in Birmingham, both of which were available in their own rights on many northern Alabama cable systems prior to 1990. Eventually, WAFF would rebuild at a new location, occupying a former jewelry store on North Memorial Parkway, some miles away from Monte Sano; microwave links connected the studios to the transmitter and tower. The fire would also prompt Huntsville city officials to repair the water pressure situation and build a new fire station atop Monte Sano, which sits directly across from WAAY's studios. Recent history (1980s–present) The disaster may have proved to be a blessing in disguise, as AFLAC began investing money in developing talent and production facilities, enabling WAFF to start making a serious ratings impact for the first time since the early 1970s. Not only did the station benefit from the renewed popularity of NBC in the mid-1980s, but its acquisitions of highly popular syndicated shows like The Oprah Winfrey Show, Jeopardy!, and Wheel of Fortune made it a hit with viewers in the Tennessee Valley region. Since that time, the station has experienced continued success. AFLAC sold WAFF, along with its other broadcasting properties, to Raycom Media of Montgomery, Alabama in 1996, making it a soon-to-be sister station to Montgomery's WSFA, which became the flagship of the said company in the next decade. Sale to Gray Television On June 25, 2018, Atlanta-based Gray Television announced it had reached an agreement with Raycom to merge their respective broadcasting assets (consisting of Raycom's 63 existing owned-and/or-operated television stations, including WAFF), and Gray's 93 television stations) under Gray's corporate umbrella. The cash-and-stock merger transaction valued at $3.6 billion—in which Gray shareholders would acquire preferred stock currently held by Raycom—resulted in WAFF gaining a new sister station in an adjacent market, including CBS affiliate WVLT-TV in Knoxville, Tennessee as well as its sister station WBXX-TV (while separating it from WTNZ). The sale was approved on December 20, and was completed on January 2, 2019. Programming WAFF clears the entire NBC schedule. Syndicated programs currently airing on WAFF include Tamron Hall, The Kelly Clarkson Show, and Wheel of Fortune among others. WAFF has aired Wheel since 1984; however, WAAY's carriage of Jeopardy! makes the Tennessee Valley one of the few regions of the country in which the two game shows, which have always been produced by the same packager, do not air on the same station. Perhaps the most popular of WMSL's local programs was the weekday children's show hosted by station general manager Benny Carle, a Birmingham native who honed his talents for many years on WBRC-TV there. The show was typical for its day, featuring about 10 to 15 school-aged children in the studio with the host, who conducted party games, told stories, and engaged in clownish behavior; cartoons were shown during the one-hour (later 30-minute) late-afternoon (later mid-morning) program. He began the show in the mid-1960s, while the station was still in Decatur, and continued it until 1975, when ABC's Good Morning America took over its morning time slot. Carle owned radio station WBCF and low-power TV station WBCF-LP in Florence, Alabama, which he established after leaving channel 48. Carle died on October 2, 2014, at the age of 89. Another notable program during that period was a Saturday-afternoon teenage dance show, which ran after the similar American Bandstand (although the local show more closely resembled Soul Train), that holds the honor of being the first television program exclusively aimed at northern Alabama's African-American population. The program was hosted by Nat Tate, who until his 2007 death worked for radio stations in the Decatur area and served as a Baptist minister. WAFF made a controversial decision in the mid-1980s to preempt Late Night with David Letterman (and on Fridays, Friday Night Videos) in favor of evangelist Jimmy Swaggart's daily half-hour program at 11:30 p.m. for several years, largely to cater to the area's conservative religious population and in the likelihood that it would bring in more money than local ad revenues would for Letterman's show. The station opted to sign off at midnight rather than tape delay the NBC shows for later airing. Also, WAFF made the decision to run the Swaggart program at a time when many area residents did not have access to religious programming on cable television, as would be the case in later years. However, Letterman and FNV were eventually picked up by ABC affiliate (and former full-time NBC outlet) WAAY (airing after Nightline) and aired there until Swaggart's sexual scandal in 1988 impacted his ministry to the point that he had to cancel the daily program. Thereafter, WAFF returned both Letterman and FNV to their regular timeslots and continues to this day to air NBC's entire late-night schedule without preemptions. WAAY also cleared several NBC daytime shows, between 9 and 10 a.m. Central Time before ABC's daytime programming began for the day, that WAFF passed on during this period as well. News operation At 4:30 a.m. on October 25, 2010, WAFF began broadcasting its news programming in high definition, making it the first station in the Huntsville television market to do so. However, while the station's studio shots are in high definition, much of WAFF's field video has remained in widescreen standard definition even after rival WHNT-TV upgraded to full high-definition newscasts in February 2011. As with the other two major-network Huntsville stations, weather forecasting became a very high priority for WAFF in the 1990s, especially after the city experienced a devastating tornado in November 1989. The station constructed a Doppler radar and began to use highly sophisticated meteorological equipment. WAFF's "First Alert Doppler Radar" (formerly "Live Stormtracker Doppler"), which was located in Limestone County, Alabama just off of U.S. Route 72, was destroyed when it was hit by a large and violent tornado (which produced EF5 damage in nearby Tanner, approximately away from the radar site) on April 27, 2011. A camera mounted on the tower showed the tornado approaching the radar moments before it struck; aerial footage taken after the tornado showed that the radar's tower remained standing despite being in the tornado's damage path. However, the large ball on top containing the radar equipment was destroyed and never found. In March 2012, WAFF installed a 1 million watt C-Band doppler radar system supplied by Huntsville-based Baron Services to replace the previously destroyed radar terminal. That company was formed by former WAFF meteorologist (who also worked for WAAY previously) Bob Baron. Raycom News Network and Raycom Weather Network WAFF is part of the Raycom News Network, a system designed to rapidly share information among a group of four Raycom-owned stations and websites serving the state of Alabama. A regional network has developed among Columbus/Phenix City's WTVM, Montgomery's WSFA, and Birmingham's WBRC in which stations share information, equipment such as satellite trucks or even reporters' stories. Between them, these four stations cover the state of Alabama. The four stations also comprise the Raycom Weather Network and the Raycom Alabama Weather Blog, where meteorologists from all four stations post forecasts and storm reports, as well as live feeds from all of the cameras that the four stations operate. The site also has live feeds of the radars of WTVM, WSFA, WBRC and WAFF. The only ex-Raycom station in Alabama (which is no longer a sister station of WAFF) not participating in the arrangement is WDFX-TV in the Dothan area, which formerly received its news programming from WSFA. In popular culture WAFF received national media attention on July 29, 2010, when a report aired on July 28 became a viral video known as the "Bed Intruder Song". The video features the reaction of Antoine Dodson in response to a rape attempt on his sister, Kelly Dodson. Technical information Subchannels The station's digital signal is multiplexed: Analog-to-digital conversion WAFF shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 48, on June 12, 2009, as part of the federally mandated transition from analog to digital television. It, according to an FCC filing, was to relocate to channel 48 and increase power. The station's digital signal relocated from its pre-transition UHF channel 49 to channel 48; there also was an increase in transmitter height in December 2011. The accompanying planned increase in transmitter power, however, was considerably reduced. This resulted in the station broadcasting at 48 kW ERP instead of the originally planned 356 kW ERP. References External links WAFF-TV Station's 60th Anniversary page Huntsville Rewound Benny Carle-Classic Alabama TV (on station and GM from 1965–1977) NBC network affiliates Bounce TV affiliates Circle (TV network) affiliates Grit (TV network) affiliates Laff (TV network) affiliates Defy TV affiliates Gray Television Television channels and stations established in 1954 AFF 1954 establishments in Alabama	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WAFF%20%28TV%29
Kocaali is a municipality and district of Sakarya Province, Turkey. Its area is 254 km2, and its population is 22,882 (2022). The mayor is Ahmet Acar (AKP). The main sources of income are hazelnuts, livestock and tourism. The town is near the Black Sea coast, and has a 14 km long and 500 meters wide, sandy beach. There are Ottoman era mines near the river Maden Deresi, a monastery in Şerbetpınar. The Melen river flows into the sea in the east of the district. One of the leading rafting areas in the Marmara region of Turkey, it is also very suitable for fishing. As a result of the Great Melen Project, water from the river Melen is directed to Istanbul to serve as drinking water. State road D.010 connects Kocaali with Karasu to the west and Akçakoca to the east. Composition There are 36 neighbourhoods in Kocaali District: Açmabaşı Ağalar Akpınar Aktaş Alandere Aydoğan Beyler Bezirgan Caferiye Çakmaklı Çukurköy Demiraçma Görele Gümüşoluk Hızar Kadıköy Karalar Karapelit Karşı Kestanepınarı Kirazlı Kızılüzüm Koğutpelit Köyyeri Kozluk Küplük Melen Merkez Selahiye Şerbetpınar Süngüt Yalı Yalpankaya Yanıksayvant Yayla Yeni References Populated places in Sakarya Province Districts of Sakarya Province Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kocaali
Kudallur is in the Palakkad district of Kerala. It is in Pattambi taluk, bordering Malappuram district, also on the banks of Bharathapuzha. The Bharathappuzha river separates Kudallur from Kuttippuram town in Malappuram district. Kudallur is a part of Thrithala (State Assembly constituency) and Ponnani (Lok Sabha constituency). Kudallur is the meeting point of three Taluks - Pattambi Taluk, Ponnani taluk (neighbouring Thavanur village in Malappuram district), and Tirur Taluk (neighbouring Kuttippuram town). Administration This village was originally in Ponnani taluk, before the formation of Malappuram district on 16 June 1969. The famous Malayalam writer M. T. Vasudevan Nair was born there. Kudallur is in the Palakkad district of Kerala.The other well-known personality from here is artist Achutan Kudallur.Among the eminent personalities of the past P.K. Moideen Kutty Sahib dominates a prominent position. He was a great Freedom Fighter who was put in British jail for several years. P.K. Moideen Kutty Sahib was an elected member to Madras Assembly in 1937. He also served as president at KPCC Kerala Pradesh Congress Committee and All India Congress Committee AICC member.During the flood of1942, P.K. Moideen Kutty Sahib worked as a front-line warrior of all relief activities. He also played a vital role to restart the construction of Kuttippuram bridge which had been blocked because of World War II His cousin P.K. Abdulla Kutty Sahib was another Freedom Fighter from this area. He spent many years in Kannur and Viyyoor Jails during British reign. He was well-known Gandhian and participated in “Khadi-Prasthan” in the post British era. Kudallur, a beautiful and calm Kerala village on the banks of Bharathapuzha is in the Ottappalam taluk of Palakkad district. Scenic range of hills, wide paddy fields and the magic beauty of River Nila blends Kudallur into an exotic place. The village is famous for its illustrious son writer M.T.Vasudevan Nair. The other well known personality from here is artist Achutan Kudallur. It is at Kudallur, exactly at Koottakadavu the two rivers Nila and Thootha meet. The name 'Kudallur' ( or Koodal Ooru ) is believed to be formed from this merge of two rivers. Geography It is at Kudallur, exactly at Koottakadavu the two rivers Nila and Thootha meet. Therefore, it is said that the place got the name from the confluence of these rivers, with 'koodal' meaning joining and 'oor' meaning place in Malayalam, thus a meeting place of the rivers. Kudallur Hills, mentioned in Nair's stories, are another point of attraction. The village is in Anakkara Panchayath, Thrithala block i.e. in Pattambi Taluk.'Vadakkumuri','Muthu Vilayum Kunnu' and 'Paarappuram' are important residential areas of Koodallur. Kudallur The other Kudallur is located in Pattambi taluk in Palakkad district itself, on the northern banks of Gayathripuzha River, a tributary of Bharathapuzha. Nemmara is the nearest town from Kudallur. The late historian Prof.K V Krishna Iyer hails from this Kudallur.. References . . External links http://www.kudallur.com/ Villages in Palakkad district	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kudallur
Kocaköy (; ) is a municipality and district of Diyarbakır Province, Turkey. Its area is 248 km2, and its population is 15,355 (2022). It is populated by Kurds. Politics In the local elections in March 2019 Rojda Nazlıer was elected mayor. In October 2019 she was dismissed and charged with being a member of a terrorist organization. The current District Governor is Yasin Yunak, who was also appointed as trustee after Nazlıer was dismissed. Composition There are 22 neighbourhoods in Kocaköy District: Anbar Arkbaşı Boyunlu Bozbağlar Bozyar Çakmaklı Çayırlı Çaytepe Eyüpler Gökçen Gözebaşı Günalan Hacıreşit Kaya Kokulupınar Şaklat Şerifoğulları Şeyhşerafettin Suçıktı Tepecik Yazıköy Yenişehir History During the conflict between the Turkish Government and the Workers' Party of Kurdistan (PKK), a part of the districts rural population was resettled urban areas. In 2017 curfews were declared by the Turkish government aimed to support the fight against the PKK. References Kurdish settlements in Diyarbakır Province Populated places in Diyarbakır Province Districts of Diyarbakır Province Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kocak%C3%B6y
Kocasinan is a municipality and district of Kayseri Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,471 km2, and its population is 409,005 (2022). It covers the northern part of the agglomeration of Kayseri and the adjacent countryside. The name comes from Mimar Sinan, the Great, Ottoman architect. The mayor is Ahmet Çolakbayrakdar (AKP). The district Kocasinan was created in 1998 from part of the former central district of Kayseri, along with the district Melikgazi. At the 2013 Turkish local government reorganisation, the rural part of the district was integrated into the municipality, the villages becoming neighbourhoods. Composition There are 93 neighbourhoods in Kocasinan District: Ahievren Akçatepe Akin Alsancak Amarat Argıncık Barbaros Barsama Bayramhacı Beyazşehir Beydeğirmeni Boğazköprü Boyacı Boztepe Buğdaylı Camiikebir Çevril Cırgalan Dadağı Doruklu Düver Ebiç Elagöz Elmalı Emmiler Erciyesevler Erkilet Ertuğrul Gazi Eskiömerler Eyim Fevziçakmak Fevzioğlu Generalemir Gevhernesibe Gömeç Güneşli Hacısaki Hasanarpa Hasancı Himmetdede Hırka Höbek Hoca Ahmet Yesevi Kalkancık Karahüyük Karakimse Kaş Kayabaşı Kemer Kızık Kocasinan Kuşcağız Kuşcu Mahzemin Mevlana Mimarsinan Mithatpaşa Mollahacı Molu Obruk Oruçreis Osmangazi Oymaağaç Sahabiye Salur Sanayi Sancaktepe Saraybosna Saraycık Şeker Seyrani Sümer Talatpaşa Taşhan Turgutreis Uğurevler Vatan Yakut Yavuz Yavuzselim Yazır Yemliha Yenidoğan Yenimahale Yenişehir Yeşil Yıldızevler Yukarıhasinli Yunusemre Yüreğil Yuvalı Ziyagökalp Zümrüt References Populated places in Kayseri Province Districts of Kayseri Province Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kocasinan
Kofçaz is a town in Kırklareli Province in the Marmara region of Turkey. It is the seat of Kofçaz District. Its population is 603 (2022). The mayor is Ziya Karataş (AKP). The nearby village of Ahlatlı, 30 km away, is the northernmost settlement in the country. History Kofçaz became part of the Ottoman Empire in 1369 and became a district in 1953 with the appointment of a sub-governor (kaymakam). Geography Climate References Populated places in Kırklareli Province Kofçaz District District municipalities in Turkey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kof%C3%A7az
Konak is a municipality and district of İzmir Province, Turkey. Its area is 24 km2, and its population is 332,277 (2022). It is the most densely populated of the thirty districts of İzmir, and has historically acted as the administrative and economic core of the city. Situated in an area that roughly corresponds to the geographic center of İzmir, Konak extends for along the southern coastline of the Gulf of İzmir. Konak district area neighbors the district areas of Bornova to the east, Balçova to the west and Buca and Karabağlar to the south. Konak center is connected to other districts of İzmir and beyond by a dense network of roads and railroads, as well as by a subway line currently being largely extended and by ferry services to Karşıyaka. Konak is a very active hub of industry, trade, commerce and services, with the number of companies exceeding sixty thousand and its exports nearing two billion US dollars in 2006. Location and administration The name "Konak" was previously used for İzmir's historic core neighborhood, as well as for its key central square (Konak Square – Konak Meydanı). For example, Karşıyaka along the opposing northern shore did not always consider itself as an integral part of İzmir, or in any case, had marking specificities and points of rivalry. Administrative history of Konak started in 1983–1984 when the steps towards the constitution of a Metropolitan Municipality of İzmir, itself divided into districts, were taken. In 1987, the territory of former district of central İzmir of was renamed the district of Konak (with the exception of its former dependency of Buca, which was turned into a separate district), and the name İzmir implies the entire metropolitan area since then. The municipality of Konak came into effect in full terms in July 1988. The district of Karabağlar was created in 2008 from part of the district of Konak. Konak district area starts at the tip of the Gulf of İzmir and follows the southern shoreline, covering such prominent neighborhoods of İzmir as, respectively from east to west, Alsancak with its international freight and passenger port, Konak Square proper and Kemeraltı and Çankaya bazaar areas and Kültürpark, where İzmir International Fair is held, immediately behind it, Karataş, the former Jewish neighborhood marked by Asansör building, and Göztepe, famous for its football team, among others, further along the coast towards the west, as well as the hillside zone behind these, notably the quarters of Eşrefpaşa and Hatay. For both the metropolitan area and İzmir Province in general, Konak still represents the administrative nerve center, with the governorship, the offices of İzmir Metropolitan Municipality, the commercial areas, and other important administrative and private headquarters being situated within the boundaries of Konak. The name konak itself means, inter alia, government house or official residence in Turkish and refers in the case of Konak, İzmir, to the residence built for the governor between 1869–1972 at the spot and as a replacement of the mansion of Katipzade, a family of notables who controlled the city and the region between 1750–1820. The new building was intended to emphasize the prestige acquired by a growing international trade center and its design and furnishings were consequently luxurious. The building marked the move for the seat of the vilayet of Aydın to İzmir, initiated in 1865. In recent years, there is a move toward decentralization and shift also to other districts of İzmir by official and private headquarters, notably with the building of a new and huge Hall of Justice in Bornova. History The core areas of Konak Square and Kemeraltı were formed with the filling in due course during the 17th century of the shallow inner bay of İzmir and immediate outer coastal reaches. Kemeraltı bazaar came into existence with the filling between 1650–1670 of the shallowest parts of the bay and the process of gaining ground from the sea bay was pursued progressively. The shoreline took its present form by the end of the 18th century in approximate terms, although some of the land along the berth remained unused till the mid-19th century. In 1829, Sarı Kışla, the Yellow Casern, the principal Ottoman casern of the city, gigantic for its time, was built at immediate sea-side, and a private residence (konak) situated slightly diagonally behind the casern was extended and converted into the governor's mansion, demarcating Konak Square that holds its name from the mansion, and which in its turn gave the name to the central metropolitan district of İzmir (Konak), and at the level of which Kemeraltı is considered to start. The Yellow Casern was demolished in 1955 under express instructions from the then Prime Minister Adnan Menderes, who wanted to see Konak Square re-shaped, to the continuing regret of many Smyrniots who had come to adopt the oversize building as one of the main landmarks of their city. Konak Square is still where the best symbols of İzmir are found. Economy and education The number of companies registered in Konak district was 58,199 in 2006. Exports realized by the district's companies reached 1,824,101,418 the same year. 26 banks are present across Konak district area and they provide services through 209 branches. Roughly 304,000 residential buildings make up Konak's settlement. It is notable to observe that, according to the figures provided by the prefecture, residential areas make up only around 10–15 per cent of Konak's urban zone, while a huge proportion of 75–80 per cent is classified as land being used for commercial and/or industrial purposes. The literacy rate is close to hundred per cent, a minimal two per cent ratio of illiteracy accounted for principally by new immigrants to the district. There are 23 students for each teacher, and 2,085 patients for each doctor in Konak. While İzmir's universities mostly have their campuses in other districts of the metropolitan area, these preserve an important presence in Konak through their administrative buildings and depending educational institutions, and some among the higher education establishments of fresher date chose Konak as initial base. Konak is also home to a number of deep-rooted high schools well known across Turkey. Business centers The district is the home of some large business centers including Heris Tower, Birsel Plaza, Kavala Plaza and Arkas Building. Of İzmir largest business plazas, Heris Tower is the largest as of 2004 with 600 people working there. Heris Tower was one of the tallest building of Izmir and as of 2014 it was still one of only 9 high-rise buildings in İzmir. And as of mid 2021 was still the 15th tallest building in İzmir. Heris Tower () is a tall office skyscraper in İzmir, Turkey. in the commercial Akdeniz neighborhood on Şehit Fethi Bey Avenue, the building is the seventh tallest building in İzmir and the 99th tallest building in Turkey. Heris Tower was completed in 2001 and was the second tallest building in the city on completion. With a blue pyramid at the tip, Heris Tower shares a resemblance with the Mellon Bank Building in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Composition There are 113 neighbourhoods in Konak District: 26 Ağustos Akarcalı Akdeniz Akın Simav Akıncı Ali Reis Alsancak Altay Altınordu Altıntaş Anadolu Atamer Atilla Aziziye Ballıkuyu Barbaros Birinci Kadriye Boğaziçi Bozkurt Çahabey Çankaya Cengiz Topel Çimentepe Çınarlı Çınartepe Dayıemir Dolaplıkuyu Duatepe Ege Emirsultan Etiler Faikpaşa Fatih Ferahlı Fevzipaşa Göztepe Güneş Güneşli Güney Güngör Güzelyalı Güzelyurt Halkapınar Hasan Özdemir Hilal Hurşidiye Huzur İkinci Kadriye İmariye İsmet Kaptan İsmetpaşa Kadifekale Kahramanlar Kahramanmescit Kemalreis Kestelli Kılıçreis Kocakapı Kocatepe Konak Kosova Kubilay Küçükada Kültür Kurtuluş Lale Levent M. Ali Akman Mecidiye Mehmet Akif Mehtap Mersinli Millet Mimarsinan Mirali Mithatpaşa Murat Muratreis Namazgah Namık Kemal Odunkapı Oğuzlar Ondokuzmayıs Pazaryeri Pirireis Ş. Nedim Tuğaltay Sakarya Saygı Selçuk Sümer Suvari Tan Tınaztepe Trakya Turgut Reis Türkyılmaz Tuzcu Uğur Ülkü Ulubatlı Umurbey Vezirağa Yavuzselim Yeni Yenidoğan Yenigün Yenişehir Yeşildere Yeşiltepe Yıldız Zafertepe Zeybek Zeytinlik Main sights Kadifekale Kadifekale, originally built at the end of the 4th century BC, is the millenary "Pagos" of ancient Greek and Byzantine times and "Pagus" of Roman and Genoese periods of İzmir. The Turkish name Kadifekale literally means "the velvet castle" and is used both for the castle and for the hill on whose summit the castle is situated. The summit is located at a distance of about from the shoreline and commands a general view of a large part of the city of İzmir, as well as of the Gulf of İzmir. Agora of Smyrna As is the case with Pagos hilltop castle at Kadifekale, the foundation of the second city of Smyrna to replace its Archaic Period predecessor at what is Bayraklı district today, is associated and contemporaneous with Alexander the Great, although the present-day remains date from later periods. In the case of ancient Smyrna, the ruins are centered around the Roman period Agora of the city, rebuilt after a 178 AD earthquake, although much evidence leads to the conclusion that further research could bring many other vestiges of the antique city to daylight. A new drive in the last decade, once the excavations were placed under the authority of İzmir's Metropolitan Municipal Administration, led to new acquisitions of land around the site of the Agora, incurring considerable expenses and with the objective of enlarging the area to explore. First scientific explorations at the Agora of Smyrna were conducted by Charles Texier in late-1830s and the present state of the site as accessible to visitors is the consequence of the work accomplished between 1931 and 1942 by the archaeologists Rudolf Naumann and Selâhattin Kantar. Konak Square and Kemeraltı (grand bazaar) Konak Square is the central point where the structure that became İzmir city's symbol, İzmir Clock Tower, built upon decision of the city council by the Levantine French architect Raymond Charles Père on the occasion of Sultan Abdülhamid II's silver jubilee (1901), is found. The tower is in front of İzmir Governor's official residence (Konak), an almost identical replica of the original building built between 1869 and 1872, which itself was lost to a fire in 1970. Between the two structures, the tower and the "konak", is a very small mosque, a curiosity today and which was formerly annexed by a medrese, which also dates from the time of the Katipzade, having been built around 1755. The eastern end of Konak Square is marked by Konak Pier, a 19th-century construction whose steelworks are claimed to have been designed by Gustave Eiffel. The western end is the location of another 19th-century Levantine/European landmark of the city (see below), İzmir Ethnography and Archaeology Museum, originally built as an orphanage. The central part of the square, just next to the Clock Tower and the Governor's Mansion, leads access to Kemeraltı bazaar area and to the Agora of Smyrna beyond at the bazaar's land's end. Covering the area between Konak Square and the Agora of Smyrna, Kemeraltı Bazaar is a part of İzmir where residential buildings are practically absent and which consists, not on only of hundreds of commercial establishments but also of numerous religious buildings (historic mosques and synagogues) concentrated in walking distance from each other. İzmir center's two largest churches, a Catholic church dedicated to Polycarp and the Greek Orthodox church of "Aya Vukla", premises of the archaeological museum until recently and currently in phase of being restored, are also located slightly outside Kemeraltı zone. The entire area corresponds to İzmir's small inner bay which existed until the 18th century and is thus land gained from the sea. 1590-built Hisar Mosque and the 1744-built Kızlarağası led the pace for the establishment of a commercial zone here which is still marked by many buildings of İzmir's Ottoman period. Kordon (seaside promenade) Alsancak is a neighborhood of well-designed streets and modern apartment blocks and stores and also where İzmir's trendiest and the most expensive and exclusive residences and commercial space are found here, as well as the busiest office buildings, including consulates. It extends along the First Kordon and the Second Kordon, the first having taken present-day look with the construction of İzmir's new port installations between 1867–1876. With the project, the wharf (Pasaport Quay), as well as a 3250 m long combination of a landing stage, of a street served by a tram line and of an esplanade (Kordon) came into existence, all built on land gained from the sea, and profoundly changing the city's look. Many restaurants, bars, cafes, discothèques and other entertainment venues are concentrated in Alsancak, increasingly within the intact rows of older and more traditional one- or two-storied buildings found in the inner smaller streets and are often restored specifically for the purpose of the intended commercial activity. Asansör (elevator) Asansör (Turkish for "elevator") is a building in Konak's Karataş neighborhood and it was built in 1907 as a work of public service by a wealthy Jewish banker and trader of that period, Nesim Levi Bayraklıoğlu, in order to ease passage for people and goods from the narrow coastline of Karataş to the hillside along its steep cliff. The small street that led to the building was recently renamed Darío Moreno in memory of the singer who used to live there before attaining fame in Europe. Kültürpark Kültürpark, behind Alsancak's coastal strait at a short distance, is considered the cradle of Turkey's fairs and expositions industry, and is notable for hosting a series of simultaneous festival activities. See also Alsancak, luxury neighborhood Dr. Selahattin Akçiçek Cultural Center Eşrefpaşa, deep-rooted popular neighborhood Göztepe, neighborhood famous for its football team Güzelyalı Bridge Hatay, İzmir another important neighborhood Kadifekale, historic hilltop castle and neighborhood Karataş, traditional Jewish quarter Kemeraltı bazaar zone Konak Square Timeline of İzmir Footnotes Resources External links Metropolitan Municipality of Greater İzmir Dokuz Eylül University Forum Walking routes inside the city Districts of İzmir Province Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konak%2C%20%C4%B0zmir
Aguilares is a city in the south of the Tucumán Province, Argentina. It is the largest urban area in the Rio Chico Department, as well as the department seat. Located 85 km (53 mi) south of the provincial capital, San Miguel de Tucumán, the city extends along route 38, and between the Medinas River (in the north) and the Barrientos Creek (in the south). Like many cities in Argentina, there are many plazas and parks where people enjoy mate. In the main plaza there is a church (see the above picture) to one side of the plaza facing west. Surrounding the plaza there are many small stores and cafes. On special holidays or events, these plazas become the center of celebrations or fairs. History The city was established in 1888 by Governor Lídoro Quinteros. Two important sugar mills (Aguilares and Santa Barbara) and a large footwear factory (Alpargatas SAIC) along with a very dynamic agricultural activity in its surrounding area, account for the city's economic cornerstones. Notable people María Simón (1922-2009), sculptor External links link Site ComunidadAguilares.com.ar(Spanish) Populated places in Tucumán Province Populated places established in 1888 Cities in Argentina	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aguilares%2C%20Argentina
The 2003 Corby Borough Council election took place on 1 May 2003 to elect members of Corby Borough Council in Northamptonshire, England. The Labour Party retained overall control of the council, which it had held continuously since 1979. Results Summary The overall results, using average ward votes for the total number of votes cast, were as follows: (Vote counts shown are ward averages) Ward-by-Ward Results Central Ward (3 seats) (Vote count shown is ward average) Danesholme Ward (3 seats) (Vote count shown is ward average) East Ward (2 seats) (Vote count shown is ward average) Hazlewood Ward (3 seats) (Vote count shown is ward average) Hillside Ward (1 seat) (Vote count shown is ward average) Kingswood Ward (3 seats) (Vote count shown is ward average) Lloyds Ward (3 seats) (Vote count shown is ward average) Lodge Park (3 seats) (Vote count shown is ward average) Rural East Ward (2 seats) (Vote count shown is ward average) Rural North Ward (1 seats) (Vote count shown is ward average) Rural West Ward (1 seat) (Vote count shown is ward average) (Background: Bob Rutt defected from the Liberal Democrats after the 1999 Borough Council elections) Shire Lodge (2 seats) (Vote count shown is ward average) West Ward (2 seats) (Vote count shown is ward average) See also Corby (UK Parliament constituency) References 2003 English local elections 2003 2000s in Northamptonshire	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%20Corby%20Borough%20Council%20election
The GM New Look bus is a municipal transit bus that was introduced in 1959 by the Truck and Coach Division of General Motors to replace the company's previous coach, retroactively known as the GM "old-look" transit bus. Also commonly known by the nickname "Fishbowl" (for its original six-piece rounded windshield, later replaced by a two-piece curved pane), it was produced until 1977 in the US, and until 1985 in Canada. More than 44,000 New Look buses were built. Its high production figures and long service career made it an iconic North American transit bus. The design is listed as by Roland E. Gegoux and William P. Strong. Production overview 44,484 New Look buses were built over the production lifespan, of which 33,413 were built in the U.S. and 11,071 were built in Canada (GM Diesel Division). Separated by general type, the production figures comprised 510 city buses (all U.S.-built); 9,355 city buses (7,804 U.S.-built, 1,551 Canadian); 31,348 city buses (22,034 U.S., 9,314 Canadian) and 3,271 suburban coaches (of which only 206 were built in Canada). The total production of New Looks was 41,213 transit coaches and 3,271 suburban coaches. Other than demonstrators, Washington, D.C., was the very first city to take delivery of any GM New Look buses, specifically TDH-5301s built in 1959 for O. Roy Chalk's D.C. Transit System, which operated in Washington, D.C., and the suburbs of Maryland and Virginia. Several different models were introduced over the following years, and modifications made to the design. See the section below, headed "Description". Production of the New Look in the U.S. ceased in 1977, when it was replaced by the RTS transit bus. Production continued after this, however, at General Motors Diesel Division in Canada, due to the RTS design being rejected by Canadian transit agencies, with the name plate changing from "GM" to "GMC". Few were produced after 1983 due to the GMDD's introduction of the Classic in that year. The last New Looks to be built were an order for Santa Monica Municipal Bus Lines (now Big Blue Bus) of Santa Monica, California, in 1986. The completion of that order brought a final end to New Look production in April 1986. A few transit systems are still operating them to this day (including Société de transport de l'Outaouais in Gatineau, Quebec), nearly 60 years after introduction and more than 30 years after mass production ended. The last American-built New Look GM buses were ordered by the city of Wausau, Wisconsin, which placed an order for twelve transit buses, model T6H-4523N, the last of which was delivered in March 1977. The GM Buffalo bus, a group of intercity bus models built between 1966 and 1980, shared many mechanical and body parts with the fishbowl models, and were discontinued by the Pontiac, Michigan, plant shortly after the RTS replaced fishbowl model production there. GM later sold the rights to produce both Classic and RTS models to other manufacturers, and exited the heavy-duty transit and intercity markets for full-sized buses, although production of some medium-duty and light-duty chassis products sold in these markets continued. Description Like GM's over-the-road buses, including the Greyhound Scenicruiser, the air-sprung New Look did not have a traditional ladder frame. Instead it used an airplane-like stressed-skin construction in which an aluminum riveted skin supported the weight of the bus. The wooden floor kept the bus's shape. The engine cradle was hung off the back of the roof. As a result, the GM New Look weighed significantly less than competitors' city buses. Virtually all New Look buses were powered by Detroit Diesel Series 71 two-cycle diesel engines. The original engine was the 6V71 (V6). GM buses used a unique "Angle-drive" configuration with a transverse mounted engine. The transmission angled off at a 45-or-so degree angle to connect to the rear axle. The engines were canted backwards for maintenance access; in fact, the only parts not accessible from outside the bus were the right-hand exhaust manifold and the starter. The entire engine-transmission-radiator assembly was mounted on a cradle that could be quickly removed and replaced, allowing the bus to return to service with minimal delay when the powertrain required major maintenance. Originally, all New Looks were powered by the 6V-71. GM resisted V8 power but eventually gave in to pressure from customers. (The exception to the above was the TDH-3301, which was powered by the GMC DH-478 Toroflow four-stroke V6, and had a more conventional T-drive transmission.) Original transmission choices were a four-speed non-synchronized manual transmission with solenoid reverse and the Allison Automatic VH hydraulic transmission. The latter was essentially a one-speed automatic transmission which drove the wheels through a torque converter. At sufficient speed a clutch bypassed the torque converter and the engine drove the rear wheels directly. A later option was the VS-2, similar to the VH but with a two-speed planetary gearset with three modes: Hydraulic, direct (1:1), and direct-overdrive. The very last batch of American-built New Looks and most Canadian-built New Looks from 1977 through 1987 use the Allison V730 transmission, a traditional three-speed automatic with a lockup torque converter. These four transmissions were the only V-drive transmissions made. New Looks were available in both Transit and Suburban versions. Transits were traditional city buses with two doors; Suburbans had forward-facing seats (four-abreast), underfloor luggage bays, and had only one door. The floor beneath the seats was higher than the center aisle to accommodate the luggage bays. There were also "Suburban-style" transits which had forward-facing seats on slightly raised platforms that gave the appearance of a dropped center aisle. GM refused to install lavatories on these buses; at least one transit authority (Sacramento Transit Authority in Sacramento, California) added its own. The New Look was built in , and lengths and widths. buses had different-length side windows, so the profiles of both buses looked very similar, but not the same. In the 1970s, AC Transit shortened several 35' New Look buses to 29' by removing a section from the middle for dial-a-ride demand-responsive service, maintaining common parts and drivers with the remainder of its fleet. In 1967 and 1968, Red Arrow Lines tested a GM New Look bus converted to operate as a railbus on its interurban routes and the Norristown High Speed Line. Variants based on the New Look Turbine engines General Motors had been interested in developing gas turbine engines for highway use and showed the General Motors Firebird series of turbine-powered sports car concepts in the 1950s; to demonstrate the engine's practicality, GM fitted a copy of the same GT-300 "Whirlfire" engine from Firebird I into an "old-look" TDH-4512 transit bus and called it the "Turbo-Cruiser". For the 1964 New York World's Fair, the latest version of the gas turbine engine, designated GT-309, was fitted to a New Look bus (TDH-5303, serial #0001) and named "Turbo-Cruiser II"; the GT-309 was also fitted to the Chevrolet Tilt-Cab truck chassis and called "Turbo Titan III". The GT-309 developed power and torque comparable to the 8V-71 and weighed less, but fuel consumption and emissions proved to be intractable problems. The same TDH-5303 was later equipped with a continuously-variable transmission and rebranded "Turbo-Cruiser III". Production records also indicate a "Turbo-Cruiser V" was built using a T8H-5305A in 1969. The Turbo-Cruiser III drivetrain also was used on the "RTX" (Rapid Transit eXperimental) bus of 1968, prototyping the styling and features of the Rapid Transit Series, which succeeded the New Look buses starting in 1977. Trolley buses In 1981–82, Brown Boveri & Company constructed 100 model HR150G trolley buses from New Look bus shells for the Edmonton Transit System (ETS). Two coaches (No. 192 and 197) were sent to the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) for evaluation as potential supplements to the aging Flyer E700 trolley bus fleet in 1989 and placed in revenue service in January 1990; pleased with the results, TTC leased 38 more for a three-year term, starting in June 1990. All the leased buses were in the group of ETS fleet numbers between #149 and #199; in TTC service, the leased buses were renumbered with a leading 9 but retained their ETS livery and colors. TTC decided to discontinue trolley bus service in January 1992 to reduce operating costs; as ETS would not allow an early return of the leased buses, TTC continued to run the leased buses on two routes until July 1993. Back in Edmonton, 19 of the returned trolley buses were retired and used for spare parts, while the rest of the fleet remained in use for 27 years until the Edmonton trolley bus system was shut down in 2009. 28 were sold to Plovdiv, Bulgaria, in an attempt to save the trolleybus system there, but they were abandoned after the Plovdiv trolleybus system shut down as well in 2012. Although they were transferred to Yambol, which had built a trolleybus network but did not have the vehicles to operate it, they were eventually scrapped in 2015 after the city abandoned its plans to open a trolleybus system there as well. A few were preserved after ETS shut down the trolleybus system in 2009: the Illinois Railway Museum received #181 in Fall 2009 and the Seashore Trolley Museum received #125 in 2010. Articulated buses A articulated version was designed and built in 1982 for a Government of Ontario demonstration project. While a New Look body was used, a newer front (to allow a wider entrance), which would eventually be incorporated into the Classic transit bus, was used. For this reason, this model is sometimes not described as being a New Look and is not included in New Look production figures. Series production took place in 1982–1983, and a total of only 53 were built. With the newer front and older body, these buses, which were model TA60-102N (for Transit Articulated 60 feet long × 102 inches wide No air-conditioning), were a transitional model. Unlike most other articulated buses with an engine in the front section and a powered middle axle, the TA60-102N utilized a "pusher" design that used a conventional New Look drive train and a specially-designed anti-jackknifing articulated joint that limited the angle between the two section to 7° at normal speeds (while traveling straight forward) and to less than 2° at highway speeds. 12 were tested by TTC in 1982, but TTC chose to purchase a fleet of Orion III articulated buses instead. Model naming The model naming for the GM New Look bus is shown below. Examples of model names are TDH-5301, T8H-5305N, T6H-5307N, S6H-4504A, and T6H-4521N. (Note that not all possible combinations were constructed.) The front end of the bus remained essentially the same through the production of the New Look. Manufacturing location was indicated by the serial number. No prefix was used for Pontiac, Michigan, C (Canada) indicated London, Ontario, and M (Montreal) Saint-Eustache, Quebec. All buses with 17-digit VINs were built in Saint-Eustache. Production figures by model Production totals are through August 1980, when serial numbers changed to 17-digit vehicle identification numbers. See also GM "old-look" transit bus - predecessor model Flxible New Look bus - its main competitor Flyer 700/800/900 series - another competitor Rapid Transit Series - one of two successor models Classic (transit bus) - the Canadian successor model List of buses A bus of this series was prominently featured in the 1994 movie Speed. References Bibliography Burness, Tad (1985). American Truck & Bus Spotter's Guide, 1920-1985. Osceola, Wisconsin (US): Motorbooks International. . Luke, William A. & Metler, Linda L. (2005). City Transit Buses of the 20th Century. Hudson, Wisconsin: Iconografix. . McKane, John H. & Squier, Gerald L. (2006). Welcome Aboard the GM New Look Bus. Hudson, Wisconsin (US): Iconografix. . McKane, John H. (1999). The General Motors New Look Bus Photo Archive. Hudson, Wisconsin: Iconografix. . Stauss, Ed (1988). The Bus World Encyclopedia of Buses. Woodland Hills, California (US): Stauss Publications. . External links Yahoo GMC New-Look Bus Group GM production lists of New Look buses, with serial numbers and original purchasers DieselBusParts.com a great resource for bus repair, restoration and free manuals. Buses of Canada Buses of the United States New Look Vehicles introduced in 1959 Full-size buses	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GM%20New%20Look%20bus
The list of shipwrecks in 2006 includes ships sunk, foundered, grounded, or otherwise lost during 2006. January 16 January 28 January 31 January February 1 February 2 February 3 February 9 February 18 February 23 February March 5 March 9 March 12 March 21 March 22 March 23 March 26 March 30 March April 27 April May 6 May 12 May 17 May 29 May June 7 June 12 June 26 June July 7 July 13 July 15 July 18 July 22 July 26 July Unknown date August 1 August 3 August 11 August 12 August 28 August September 6 September 17 September October 3 October 9 October 10 October 19 October 24 October November 1 November 2 November 4 November 28 November December 8 December 30 December Unknown date References External links Vessel Casualties & Pirates Database For Year 2006 2006 Ship	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20shipwrecks%20in%202006
Korkut () is a town in Muş Province of Turkey. It is the seat of Korkut District. Its population is 3,409 (2022). The mayor is Sami Pekbay (AKP). History Human settlement of the area is at least 10,000 years. Korkut has a tell from which the town derived its old name. This tell is estimated to be dated to the Old Bronze Age (around 3000 BC) but has not been examined archaeologically. In the 9th century BC, the area was part of the Urartu state. The Armenian Taron kingdom ruled the town from the 4th century until the beginning of the 9th century, and the Christian diocese of Taron still holds nominal sway in the area as a titular see. In the 9th century, the town came under the control of a rival Armenian kingdom the Bagratians. This lasted until, In 967, the Byzantine Empire took control of western Anatolyia. Seyit İbrahim Türk took the town in the 11th century, and it was about this time that the earliest references to the name Til are recorded. Legend holds that The Byzantine emperor Basileios who was elected Byzantine emperor in 867, was originally a Til peasant. Records of the Armenian church records that in 1890 there were 40 Armenian households in the village and 20 Kurdish. Although the church records show that by 1910 there were only 20 Armenian households and 1000 Kurdish the true figure is probably about 50 Armenian households. The Armenian church records that at the Armenian Genocide there were 52 Armenian households. Before World War I the town had a church building dedicated to the Holy Mother of God (Surp Asdvadzadzin). The name of the town was changed to Korkut in 1964. References Populated places in Muş Province Korkut District Kurdish settlements in Muş Province District municipalities in Turkey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korkut
In the theory of formal languages, Ogden's lemma (named after William F. Ogden) is a generalization of the pumping lemma for context-free languages. Statement We will use underlines to indicate "marked" positions. Special cases Ogden's lemma is often stated in the following form, which can be obtained by "forgetting about" the grammar, and concentrating on the language itself: If a language is context-free, then there exists some number (where may or may not be a pumping length) such that for any string of length at least in and every way of "marking" or more of the positions in , can be written as with strings and , such that has at least one marked position, has at most marked positions, and for all . In the special case where every position is marked, Ogden's lemma is equivalent to the pumping lemma for context-free languages. Ogden's lemma can be used to show that certain languages are not context-free in cases where the pumping lemma is not sufficient. An example is the language . Example applications Non-context-freeness The special case of Ogden's lemma is often sufficient to prove some languages are not context-free. For example, is a standard example of non-context-free language (, p. 128). Similarly, one can prove the "copy twice" language is not context-free, by using Ogden's lemma on . And the given example last section is not context-free by using Ogden's lemma on . Inherent ambiguity Ogden's lemma can be used to prove the inherent ambiguity of some languages, which is implied by the title of Ogden's paper. Example: Let . The language is inherently ambiguous. (Example from page 3 of Ogden's paper.) Similarly, is inherently ambiguous, and for any CFG of the language, letting be the constant for Ogden's lemma, we find that has at least different parses. Thus has an unbounded degree of inherent ambiguity. Undecidability The proof can be extended to show that deciding whether a CFG is inherently ambiguous is undecidable, by reduction to the Post correspondence problem. It can also show that deciding whether a CFG has an unbounded degree of inherent ambiguity is undecidable. (page 4 of Ogden's paper) Generalized condition Bader and Moura have generalized the lemma to allow marking some positions that are not to be included in . Their dependence of the parameters was later improved by Dömösi and Kudlek. If we denote the number of such excluded positions by , then the number of marked positions of which we want to include some in must satisfy , where is some constant that depends only on the language. The statement becomes that every can be written as with strings and , such that has at least one marked position and no excluded position, has at most marked positions, and for all . Moreover, either each of has a marked position, or each of has a marked position. References Formal languages Lemmas	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogden%27s%20lemma
Multiday races are ultramarathon running events which are typically either segmented into daily events of a specified distance or time, or staged so that runners can run as far as they want, at their own discretion, over a set course or over a set number of days. Multiday races can range from continuous 48-hour track events to staged transcontinental treks. Beyond the marathon Very long endurance running events can be divided into three broad categories: the traditional marathon, the ultramarathon, defined as any event longer than the marathon, and true multiday events, which begin with the 24-hour event and can stretch out almost indefinitely, often ranging from six days to or longer. Multiday events are usually timed races such as 48-hour, 72-hour and 6 day races. Set distance races depend on the ability of the runner to complete and what may be a multiday for slower runners may be an ultra to faster athletes. For example the Badwater Ultramarathon, a race, has a 48 hour time limit, but winners typically finish in under 24 hours. Types of courses Many multiday races are held on tracks or measured loops, which eases provision of aid station support for runners. Stage races are the alternative; these include point to point races such as the Trans-American races, which traverse the North American continent coast to coast, and the Gobi March, a seven-day journey across the Gobi desert, the Kalahari Augrabies Extreme Marathon, a 7-day, 250 km trail event in the Kalahari Desert, and the Yukon Arctic Ultra, a 430/300/100/26 mile challenge crossing Yukon in the dead of winter. Longer multiday races include the Trans-Europe race, which ran from Lisbon to Moscow in 2003, a distance of about 5,100 kilometers. These events take the runner to a different level, where the race becomes a way of life and where nutrition, sleep, energy and psychological states have to be carefully managed. The Self-Transcendence 3100 Mile Race is the longest certified footrace in the world. The past The golden era of multiday races stretches back to the 1870s and 1880s, when they were held on indoor tracks and offered substantial prizes. Known as pedestrians, these athletes established records which in some cases have stood until recently. In summer 1809 in Newmarket, England, Robert Barclay Allardice, better known as Captain Barclay, ran/walked one mile (1.6 km) for each consecutive hour, each consecutive day, totalling . The most common multiday race of the era was the six-day race, which ran from Monday to Saturday with Sunday being observed as a rest day. In 1878, Sir John Dugdale Astley was inspired to create a series of five international six-day races, in which competitors vied for the Astley Belt. Two early competitors were the American Edward Payson Weston, who covered in 6 days. The Englishman Charles Rowell covered 241 km in the first day of a 6-day races in the 1880s. By the early 1890s, public enthusiasm for such events had moved into bicycle racing, and the multiday running craze came to an end. Interest grew again in the late 1920s, with the advent of Trans-America races. These events were transcontinental stage races that inspired a new generation to challenge the huge distance. The recent past There was little reward for these races in the long run, and it was not until the 1980s that interest re-awoke in true multi-day races. In 1980, San Francisco postal delivery worker organized the first modern era six-day race, on a track in Woodside, California. In recent years, several multiday races have stood out, among them the Australian Westfield Sydney to Melbourne races, which were run from 1983–1991, and the Colac (1983–2005) race which is no longer being held. August 2012 will see possibly the final 64 stage Trans-Europe race organised by Ingo Schulze. Sri Chinmoy Races hosts several multi-day events annually in the US: six- and ten-day races, a 3,100-mile (5,000 km) race, and several 24- and 48-hour events in Europe, Asia, Australia and New Zealand. Trans-Gaule, Trans-Germany - the Deutschlandlauf, Trans-Korea as well as occasional Trans-Am and Trans-Australia races plus several 6 day events in Europe and South Africa. The present In recent years, several multiday races have stood out, among them the Australian Westfield Sydney to Melbourne races, which were run from 1983–1991, and the Colac (1983–2005) race which is no longer being held. August 2012 will see possibly the final 64 stage Trans-Europe race organised by Ingo Schulze. Sri Chinmoy Races hosts several multi-day events annually in the US: six- and ten-day races, a 3,100-mile (5,000 km) race, and several 24- and 48-hour events in Europe, Asia, Australia and New Zealand. Trans-Gaule, Trans-Germany - the Deutschlandlauf, Trans-Korea as well as occasional Trans-Am and Trans-Australia races plus several 6 day events in Europe and South Africa. The RacingThePlanet's 4 Deserts Race Series and the Marathon des Sables are among the most popular multiday races taking place today. Notable pedestrians Edward Payson Weston Daniel O'Leary Foster Powell Charles Rowell Fred Hitchborn George Littlewood Robert Barclay Allardice Notable multiday runners Ashprihanal Pekka Aalto Sandy Barwick Suprabha Beckjord Patrycja Bereznowska Dipali Cunningham Serge Girard, trans-USA (1997), trans-South America (2001), trans-Africa (2003/2004) and trans-Eurasia (2005/2006) record holder Camille Herron Al Howie Rimas Jakelaitis Yiannis Kouros Achim Heukemes, trans-Australia record holder Surasa Mairer Lorna Michael, first woman to complete trans-USA (1993) Stu Mittleman, US record holder for six-day race (578 miles) Stine Rex Wolfgang Schwerk William Sichel, World #1 for 6-day race in 2009, World M55 record holder Samuel Thompson, Ran in 50 consecutive marathon races (August 19, 2006) kobi oren Well-known multiday races 4 Deserts Atacama Crossing, Gobi March, Sahara Race, The Last Desert Australian 6 Day Race Antibes 6 Day Race Across The Years Athens International Ultramarathon Festival (24/48/72h, 6 days, 1000k, 1000m) Cliff Young Australian 6-day race Marathon des Sables Self-Transcendence 6- & 10-day Race Self-Transcendence 3100 Mile Race Surgères 48 Hour Race Trans Europe Foot Race 2009 Vienna-Bratislava-Budapest Supermarathon Kalahari Augrabies Extreme Marathon UltraCentric World Marathon Challenge Yukon Arctic Ultra See also International Association of Ultrarunners Ultramarathon Beach Walking References External links German Ultramarathon Association News results and statistics I Run Far Ultrarunning news Multidays.com - 'A resource for the multiday runner: Multiday and Ultrarunning news.' Sri Chinmoy Races.org - 'The worldwide home of the Sri Chinmoy Marathon Team' (hosts of multiday races around the world) ULTRAmarathonRunning.com Global Ultramarathon Races & Events Calendar Yanoo.net - French ultrarunning news and home of the 'Transe Gaule' (trans-France event) ! Running by type	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiday%20race
Korkuteli is a municipality and district of Antalya Province, Turkey. Its area is 2,433 km2, and its population is 56,285 (2022). It is north-west of the city of Antalya. It was previously called İstanoz or Stenez. Etymology Its modern name comes from Korkut, an Ottoman prince, who was murdered by his brother Selim I while trying to hide in a cave in the district. Geography Korkuteli is an area of small plains and hills in the Bey Dağları, the western range of the Taurus Mountains, overlooking the Mediterranean sea. There are two distinct geographical areas of Korkuteli, of equal size: the lowland area nearer the coast has a hot Mediterranean climate, while the larger area of lakes higher up is cooler and less humid. The high country is covered with pine forest, while the lowland is used for agriculture; crops include grains, pulses and vegetable oil-seeds. There are trout in Korkuteli reservoir and other small lakes. Until recently economic activity in this district was basically herding sheep and goats on the hillsides, but since the 1960s investment in irrigation and machinery has generated a thriving fruit-growing industry, including many roadside stalls selling fruit to travellers en route to the Mediterranean coast. This in turn has led to better buildings and infrastructure in the town of Korkuteli and the villages in the district. There is no industry or large-scale trading. Korkuteli is a small town of 15,000 people providing high schools and other basic infrastructure to the district. The countryside is attractive and Antalya's middle-classes are building holiday homes in Korkuteli, a place to escape the summer heat on the coast. The local delicacy is 'burnt ice-cream', made of goats-milk. Composition There are 59 neighbourhoods in Korkuteli District: Akyar Alaaddin Aşağıpazar Avdan Bahçeyaka Bayat Bayatbademleri Beğiş Bozova Büyükköy Çaykenarı Çıvgalar Çomaklı Çukurca Dereköy Duraliler Esenyurt Garipçe Göçerler Güzle İmecik İmrahor Karabayır Karakuyu Karataş Kargalık Kargın Karşıyaka Kayabaşı Kemerağzı Kevzer Kiremitli Kırkpınar Kızılaliler Kızılcadağ Köseler Kozağacı Küçükköy Küçüklü Leylek Mamatlar Manay Nebiler Osmankalfalar Sımandır Söğütcük Sülekler Taşkesiği Tatköy Uzunoluk Yakaköy Yalınlıgediği Yazır Yeleme Yelten Yeni Yeşiloba Yeşilyayla Yukarıkaraman History Buildings of the Roman and Byzantine periods in Korkuteli include the Keşiş Evi ("priest's house") and the building that later became the Hamidoglu Medrese, which has Latin inscriptions. The area was taken from the Byzantines by the Seljuk Turks of Gıyaseddin Keyhüsrev I in 1207, and was used as a summer residence by the local Seljuk rulers. Seljuk architecture in Korkuteli includes the mosque of Sultan Alaadin and some Turkish baths and tombs. Upon the decline of the Seljuks in the early 14th century the area became a stronghold of the Beylik of Teke and then of the Hamidid clan of nearby Isparta. Bayezid I brought the district into the Ottoman Empire in 1392. Isinda Nearby was the ancient town of Isinda, whose site is now thought to be at the village of Kişla, though formerly identified with Yazır. In the 1840s, T.A.B. Spratt and E. Forbes visited Kişla, an hour's ride from Korkuteli (referred to as Stenez), with extensive walls of soft stone and burnt brick, and identified it as the city of Isinda, which the Roman consul Gnaeus Manlius Vulso, on his victorious march through Asia Minor in 189 BC, found besieged by Termessus. At the city's request he raised the siege and fined the Termessians 50 talents. Isinda stood in a strategic position at the western end of the pass leading from Pamphylia by Termessus to Pisidia. Together with Aperlae, Apollonia and Simena, Isinda was a member of a tetrapolis, a federation of four cities. Samples of the extensive coinage of Isinda are extant, which give evidence that it considered itself an Ionian colony. Isinda was later included in the Roman province of Pamphylia Secunda. At an early stage, it became a Christian bishopric, a suffragan of the metropolitan see of Perge, the capital of the province. Of its bishops, Cyrillus took part in the First Council of Nicaea in 325, Edesius in the Council of Ephesus in 431, Marcellinus in the Council of Chalcedon in 451, Talleleus in the Second Council of Constantinople in 553, Ignatius in the Photian Council of Constantinople (879). No longer a residential bishopric, Isinda is now listed by the Catholic Church as a titular see. Demographics The district has a population of 56,285 (2022). The town itself has 28,725 inhabitants. References External links The Antalya governorate Populated places in Antalya Province Districts of Antalya Province Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey Pisidia	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korkuteli
A GPS tracking unit, geotracking unit, satellite tracking unit, or simply tracker is a navigation device normally on a vehicle, asset, person or animal that uses satellite navigation to determine its movement and determine its WGS84 UTM geographic position (geotracking) to determine its location. Satellite tracking devices may send special satellite signals that are processed by a receiver. Locations are stored in the tracking unit or transmitted to an Internet-connected device using the cellular network (GSM/GPRS/CDMA/LTE or SMS), radio, or satellite modem embedded in the unit or WiFi work worldwide. GPS antenna size limits tracker size, often smaller than a half-dollar (diameter 30.61 mm). In 2020 tracking is a $2 billion business plus military-in the gulf war 10% or more targets used trackers. Virtually every cellphone tracks its movements. Tracks can be map displayed in real time, using GPS tracking software and devices with GPS capability. Architecture A GPS "track me" essentially contains a GPS module that receives the GPS signal and calculates the coordinates. For data loggers, it contains large memory to store the coordinates. Data pushers additionally contain a GSM/GPRS/CDMA/LTE modem to transmit this information to a central computer either via SMS or GPRS in form of IP packets. Satellite-based GPS tracking units will operate anywhere on the globe using satellite technology such as GlobalStar or Iridium. They do not require a cellular connection. Types There are three types of GPS trackers, though most GPS-equipped phones can work in any of these modes depending on the mobile applications installed: Data loggers GPS loggers log the position of the device at regular intervals in its internal memory. GPS loggers may have either a memory card slot, or internal flash memory card and a USB port. Some act as a USB flash drive, which allows downloading the track log data for further computer analysis. The track list or point of interest list may be in GPX, KML, NMEA or other format. Most digital cameras save the time a photo was taken. Provided the camera clock is reasonably accurate or used GPS as its time source, this time can be correlated with GPS log data, to provide an accurate location. This can be added to the Exif metadata in the picture file. Cameras with a GPS receiver built in can directly produce such a geotagged photograph. In some private investigation cases, data loggers are used to keep track of a target vehicle. The private investigator need not follow the target too closely, and always has a backup source of data. Data pushers A data pusher is the most common type of GPS tracking unit, used for asset tracking, personal tracking and vehicle tracking systems. Virtually every cell phone is in this mode per user agreement, even if shut off or disabled storing the data for future transmission. Also known as a "GPS beacon", this kind of device push (i.e. "sends"), at regular intervals, the position of the device as well as other information like speed or altitude to a determined server, that can store and analyze the data instantly. A GPS navigation device and a mobile phone sit side-by-side in the same box, powered by the same battery. At regular intervals, the phone sends a text message via SMS or GPRS, containing the data from the GPS receiver. Newer GPS-integrated smartphones running GPS tracking software can turn the phone into a data pusher (or logger) device. As of 2009, open source and proprietary applications are available for common Java ME enabled phones, iPhone, Android, Windows Mobile, and Symbian. Most 21st-century GPS trackers provide data "push" technology, enabling sophisticated GPS tracking in business environments, specifically organizations that employ a mobile workforce, such as a commercial fleet. Typical GPS tracking systems used in commercial fleet management have two core parts: location hardware (or tracking device) and tracking software. This combination is often referred to as an Automatic Vehicle Location system. The tracking device is most often hardwired installed in the vehicle, connected to the CAN-bus, ignition system switch, battery. It allows collection of extra data, which is later transferred to the GPS tracking server. There it is available for viewing, in most cases via a website accessed over the Internet, where fleet activity can be viewed live or historically using digital maps and reports. GPS tracking systems used in commercial fleets are often configured to transmit location and telemetry input data at a set update rate or when an event (door open/close, auxiliary equipment on/off, geofence border cross) triggers the unit to transmit data. Live GPS tracking used in commercial fleets generally refers to systems that update regularly at one-minute, two-minute or five-minute intervals while the ignition status is on. Some tracking systems combine timed updates with heading change triggered updates. GPS tracking solutions such as Telematics 2.0, an IoT based telematics technology for the automotive industry, are being used by mainstream commercial auto insurance companies. Data pullers GPS data pullers are also known as "GPS transponders". Unlike data pushers that send the position of the devices at regular intervals (push technology), these devices are always on, and can be queried as often as required (pull technology). This technology is not in widespread use, but an example of this kind of device is a computer connected to the Internet and running gpsd. These can often be used in the case where the location of the tracker will only need to be known occasionally (e.g. placed in property that may be stolen, or that does not have a constant source of energy to send data on a regular basis, like freight or containers.) Data Pullers are coming into more common usage in the form of devices containing a GPS receiver and a cell phone which, when sent a special SMS message reply to the message with their location. Covert GPS trackers Covert GPS trackers contain the same electronics as regular GPS trackers but are constructed in such a way as to appear to be an everyday object. One use for covert GPS trackers is for power tool protection; these devices can be concealed within power tool boxes and traced if theft occurs. Applications The applications of GPS trackers include: Personal tracking Race control: in some sports, such as gliding, participants are required to carry a tracker. In particular, this allows race officials to know if the participants are cheating, taking unexpected shortcuts, and how far apart they are. This use was illustrated in the movie Rat Race. Law enforcement: an arrested suspect out on bail may have to wear a GPS tracker, usually an ankle monitor, as a bail condition. GPS tracking may also be ordered for persons subject to a restraining order. Espionage/surveillance: a tracker on a person or vehicle allows movements to be tracked. Vehicle tracking: some people use GPS Trackers to monitor activity of their own vehicle, especially in the event of a vehicle being used by a friend or family member. GPS personal tracking devices are used in the care of the elderly and vulnerable, and can be used to track small children who may get into danger. Some devices can send text alerts to carers if the wearer moves into an unexpected place. Some devices allow users to call for assistance, and optionally allow designated carers to locate the user's position, typically within five to ten meters. Their use helps promote independent living and social inclusion for the elderly. Devices often incorporate either one-way otwo-way voice communication. Some devices also allow the user to call several phone numbers using pre-programmed speed dial buttons. Trials using GPS personal tracking devices for people living with dementia are underway in several countries. Text and voice communication is usually provided by a connection to mobile telephony, but GPS devices are available that use satellite communications, always available even if out of mobile telephone range. Some Internet Web 2.0 pioneers have created their own personal web pages that show their position constantly, and in real time, on a map within their website. These usually use data push from a GPS enabled cell phone or a personal GPS tracker. Sports: the movements of a ramblers, cyclists, and so on, can be tracked. Statistics such as instantaneous and average speed, and distance travelled, are logged. In the rugby union Six Nations Championship, all players wear trackers, sewn into their shirts. Some rugby clubs also use GPS units on their players. The England Rugby Union team uses GPS. Adventure sports: GPS tracking devices such as the SPOT Satellite Messenger are available to allow the position of a person to be tracked. In particular, this allows rescue personnel to locate the carrier. These devices also allow the carrier to send messages and emergency alerts, even when out of cellular telephone range. Monitoring employees: GPS-handled tracking devices with a built-in cellphone are used to monitor employees by various companies, especially those engaged in fieldwork. Lone Workers : It is ideal for improving the safety of your employees working in distant, isolated work sites. Maintenance workers, forestry, mining, and employees in similar fields may be required to work in remote areas without any contact nearby, in such scenarios the risk of their well-being increases Asset tracking Solar Powered: the advantage of some solar powered units is that they have much more power over their lifetime than battery-powered units. This gives them the advantage of reporting their position and status much more often than battery units which need to conserve energy to extend their life. Some wireless solar-powered units, such as the RailRider can report more than 20,000 times per year and work indefinitely on solar power, eliminating the need to change batteries. Aircraft tracking Aircraft can be tracked either by ADS-B (primarily airliners and General Aviation aircraft with ADS-B-out enabled transponder), or by FLARM data packets picked up by a network of ground stations (primarily used by General Aviation aircraft, gliders and UAVs), both of which are data pushers. ADS-B is to be superseded by ADS-C, a data puller. Animal tracking Animal monitoring (GPS wildlife tracking): when put on a wild animal (e.g. in a GPS collar), it allows scientists to study the animal's activities and migration patterns. Vaginal implant transmitters mark the location where pregnant females give birth. Animal tracking collars may also be put on domestic animals, to locate them in case they get lost. Legislation Australian law There are no Australian Federal Laws for surveillance and GPS tracker legality. However, most states have statutes covering the use and restrictions of tracking devices used for surveillance. The below states have formal statutes. At present, only Queensland and Tasmania do not have legislation. United States law In the United States, the use of GPS trackers by government authorities is limited by the 4th Amendment to the United States Constitution. So police, for example, usually require a search warrant. While police have placed GPS trackers in vehicles without a warrant, this usage was questioned in court in early 2009. Use by private citizens is regulated in some states, such as California, where California Penal Code Section 637.7 states: (a) No person or entity in this state shall use an electronic tracking device to determine the location or movement of a person. (b) This section shall not apply when the registered owner, lesser, or lessee of a vehicle has consented to the use of the electronic tracking device with respect to that vehicle. (c) This section shall not apply to the lawful use of an electronic tracking device by a law enforcement agency. (d) As used in this section, "electronic tracking device" means any device attached to a vehicle or other movable thing that reveals its location or movement by transmission of electronic signals. (g) A violation of this section is a misdemeanor. (f) A violation of this section by a person, business, firm, company, association, partnership, or corporation licensed under Division 3 (commencing with Section 5000) of the Business and Professions Code shall constitute grounds for revocation of the license issued to that person, business, firm, company, association, partnership, or corporation, pursuant to the provisions that provide for the revocation of the license as set forth in Division 3 (commencing with Section 5000) of the Business and Professions Code. Note that 637.7 pertains to all electronic tracking devices, and does not differentiate between those that rely on GPS technology or not. As the laws catch up with the times, it is plausible that all 50 states will eventually enact laws similar to those of California. Other laws, like the common law invasion of privacy tort as well as state criminal wiretapping statutes (for example, the wiretapping statute of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, which is extremely restrictive) potentially cover the use of GPS tracking devices by private citizens without consent of the individual being so tracked. Privacy can also be a problem when people use the devices to track the activities of a loved one. GPS tracking devices have also been put on religious statues to track the whereabouts of the statue if stolen. In 2009, debate ensued over a Georgia proposal to outlaw hidden GPS tracking, with an exception for law enforcement officers but not for private investigators. See Georgia HB 16 - Electronic tracking device; location of person without consent (2009). United Kingdom law The law in the UK has not specifically addressed the use of GPS trackers, but several laws may affect the use of this technology as a surveillance tool. Data Protection Act 1998 It is quite clear that if client instructions (written or digitally transmitted) that identify a person and a vehicle are combined with a tracker, the information gathered by the tracker becomes personal data as defined by the Data Protection Act 1998. The document “What is personal data? – A quick reference guide” published by the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) makes clear that data identifying a living individual is personal data. If a living individual can be identified from the data, with or without additional information that may become available, is personal data. Identifiability An individual is 'identified' if distinguished from other members of a group. In most cases, an individual's name, together with some other information, will be sufficient to identify them, but a person can be identified even if their name is not known. Start by looking at the means available to identify an individual and the extent to which such means are readily available to you. Does the data 'relate to' the identifiable living individual, whether in personal or family life, business or profession? Relates to means: Data which identifies an individual, even without an associated name, may be personal data which is processed to learn or record something about that individual, or the processing of information that affects the individual. Therefore, data may 'relate to' an individual in several different ways. Is the data 'obviously about a particular individual? Data 'obviously about' an individual will include their medical history, criminal record, record of work, or their achievements in a sporting activity. Data that is not 'obviously about' a particular individual may include information about their activities. Data such as personal bank statements or itemised telephone bills will be personal data about the individual operating the account or contracting for telephone services. Where data is not 'obviously about' an identifiable individual it may be helpful to consider whether the data is being processed, or could easily be processed, to learn, record or decide something about an identifiable individual. Information may be personal data where the aim, or an incidental consequence, of the processing, is that one learns or records something about an identifiable individual, or the processing could affect an identifiable individual. Data from a Tracker would be to identify the individual or their activities. It is therefore personal data within the meaning of the Data Protection Act 1998. Any individual who wishes to gather personal data must be registered with the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) and have a DPA number. It is a criminal offense to process data and not have a DPA number. Trespass It may be a civil trespass for an individual to deploy a tracker on another's car. But in the OSC's annual inspection, the OSC's Chief Surveillance Commissioner Sir Christopher Rose stated "putting an arm into a wheel arch or under the frame of a vehicle is straining the concept of trespass". However, entering a person's private land to deploy a tracker is clearly a trespass which is a civil tort. Prevention of Harassment Act 1997 At times, the public misinterprets surveillance, in all its forms, as stalking. Whilst there is no specific legislation to address this kind of harassment, a long-term pattern of persistent and repeated efforts at contact with a particular victim is generally considered stalking. The Protection of Freedoms Act 2012 created two new offenses of stalking by inserting new sections 2A and 4A into the PHA 1997. The new offences which came into force on 25 November 2012, are not retrospective. Section 2A (3) of the PHA 1997 sets out examples of acts or omissions which, in particular circumstances, are ones associated with stalking. Examples are: following a person, watching or spying on them, or forcing contact with the victim through any means, including social media. Such behavior curtails a victim's freedom, leaving them feeling that they constantly have to be careful. In many cases, the conduct might appear innocent (if considered in isolation), but when carried out repeatedly, so as to amount to a course of conduct, it may then cause significant alarm, harassment or distress to the victim. The examples given in section 2A (3) are not an exhaustive list but an indication of the types of behavior that may be displayed in a stalking offense. Stalking and harassment of another or others can include a range of offenses such as those under the Protection from Harassment Act 1997; the Offences Against the Person Act 1861; the Sexual Offences Act 2003; and the Malicious Communications Act 1988. Examples of the types of conduct often associated with stalking include direct communication; physical following; indirect contact through friends, colleagues, family or technology; or, other intrusions into the victim's privacy. The behavior curtails a victim's freedom, leaving them feeling that they constantly have to be careful. If the subject of inquiry is aware of the tracking, then this may amount to harassment under the Prevention of Harassment Act 1997. There is a case at the Royal Courts of Justice where a private investigator is being sued under this act for the use of trackers. In December 2011, a Claim was brought against Richmond Day & Wilson Limited (First Defendant) and Bernard Matthews Limited (Second Defendant), Britain's leading Turkey Provider. The case relates to the discovery of a tracking device found in August 2011 on a vehicle supposedly connected to Hillside Animal Sanctuary. Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 Property Interference: The Home Office published a document entitled "Covert Surveillance and Property Interference, Revised Code of Practice, Pursuant to section 71 of the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000" where it suggests in Chapter 7, page 61 that; General basis for lawful activity 7. 1 Authorizations under section 5 of the 1994 Act or Part III of the 1997 Act should be sought wherever members of the intelligence services, the police, the services police, Serious and Organised Crime Agency (SOCA), Scottish Crime and Drug Enforcement Agency (SCDEA), HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) or Office of Fair Trading (OFT), or persons acting on their behalf, conduct entry on, or interference with, property or with wireless telegraphy that would be otherwise unlawful. 7. 2 For the purposes of this chapter, "property interference" shall be taken to include entry on, or interference with, property or with wireless telegraphy. Example: The use of a surveillance device for providing information about the location of a vehicle may involve some physical interference with that vehicle as well as subsequent directed surveillance activity. Such an operation could be authorized by a combined authorization for property interference (under Part III of the 1997 Act) and, where appropriate, directed surveillance (under the 2000 Act). In this case, the necessity and proportionality of the property interference element of the authorization would need to be considered by the appropriate authorizing officer separately to the necessity and proportionality of obtaining private information by means of the directed surveillance. This can be interpreted to mean that placing a tracker on a vehicle without the consent of the owner is illegal unless you obtain authorization from the Surveillance Commissionaire under the RIPA 2000 laws. Since a member of the public cannot obtain such authorizations, it is therefore illegal property interference. Another interpretation is that it is illegal to do so if you are acting under the instruction of a public authority and you do not obtain authorization. The legislation makes no mention of property interference for anyone else. Currently, there is no legislation in place that deals with the deployment of trackers in a criminal sense except RIPA 2000 and that RIPA 2000 only applies to those agencies and persons mentioned in it. Uses in marketing In August 2010, Brazilian company Unilever ran an unusual promotion where GPS trackers were placed in boxes of Omo laundry detergent. Teams would then track consumers who purchased the boxes of detergent to their homes where they would be awarded a prize for their purchase. The company also launched a website (in Portuguese) to show the approximate location of the winners' homes. See also Automatic Packet Reporting System Data privacy Electronic tagging GPS aircraft tracking GPS navigation device GPS tracking server GPS watch GPS wildlife tracking Intelligent transportation system (ITS) IVMS Mobile phone Radio clock#GPS clocks Real-time locating Telematics Telematics 2.0 Vehicle infrastructure integration Vehicle tracking system References External links Global Positioning System Surveillance Geopositioning Navigational equipment de:Track Log fr:Géolocalisation	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPS%20tracking%20unit
Hurricane Helene was the most intense tropical cyclone of the 1958 Atlantic hurricane season. The eighth tropical storm and fourth hurricane of the year, Helene was formed from a tropical wave east of the Lesser Antilles on September 21, 1958. Moving steadily westward, the storm slowly intensified, attaining hurricane strength on September 24. As conditions became increasingly favorable for tropical cyclone development, Helene began to rapidly intensify. Nearing the United States East Coast, the hurricane quickly attained Category 4 intensity on September 26, before it subsequently reached its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of and a minimum barometric pressure of . The intense hurricane came within of Cape Fear, North Carolina before recurving out to sea. Accelerating northward, Helene gradually weakened, and transitioned into an extratropical cyclone as it passed over Newfoundland on September 29. Helene's extratropical remnants traversed eastwards across the Atlantic Ocean before dissipating near Great Britain on October 4. Despite not making landfall on North Carolina, its close proximity to land caused extensive damage across the US East Coast. Strong winds resulted in widespread power outages, cutting telecommunications along the coast. A weather station in Wilmington, North Carolina reported a wind gust of , setting a new record for fastest wind gust reported there. Though mostly concentrated in North Carolina, rainfall was widespread, reaching as far north as Maine. In the United States, damages reached $11.2 million and there was one indirect death. After impacting the US, Helene produced strong winds and heavy rain across much of Atlantic Canada. In Cape Breton Island on Nova Scotia, the storm was considered the worst in at least 21 years. Power outages cut most communications from the island to the mainland, and property damage in Sydney, Nova Scotia totaled to C$100,000. At Helene's landfall in Newfoundland, strong gusts peaking at in Naval Station Argentia were reported, and loss of power severed communications. Damage across there totaled to at least C$100,000. Total damages associated with Helene in the United States and Canada amounted to $11.4 million, making Helene the costliest storm of the season. Meteorological history The origins of Hurricane Helene can be traced back to an easterly wave that formed near Cape Verde on September 16. Moving towards the west due to trade winds associated with the Hadley cell, the disturbance gradually intensified. On September 20, ships in the system's vicinity reported widespread shower activity and generally low barometric pressures. Early the following day, a reconnaissance flight reported evidence of a weak circulation, with gusts of in heavy squalls surrounding the circulation center. At 0200 UTC later that day, the United States Weather Bureau office in San Juan, Puerto Rico began issuing bulletins on the system for public interests. In HURDAT, the tropical wave was first classified as a tropical depression at 0600 UTC on September 21, well east of the Leeward Antilles. At the time, the depression had maximum sustained winds of . Moving on a west-northwest track at roughly early on September 22, the storm initially changed little in intensity. However, a large upper tropospheric anticyclone developed over the southern Atlantic coast, producing the favorable wind shear needed for tropical cyclone development. A second reconnaissance flight reported an intensified tropical cyclone, indicating that the storm system had reached tropical storm strength. At 0000 UTC on September 23, the depression attained tropical storm strength, with maximum winds of and a central minimum pressure of . The US Weather Bureau issued their first advisory on the newly developed tropical storm at 1600 UTC later that day, giving the storm the name Helene. Despite the storm's poor organization, Helene gradually intensified in favorable conditions generated by the large anticyclone. Throughout the day, a second anticyclone moved eastward until it was situated off of the Mid-Atlantic states, while a mean trough in the lower levels of the atmosphere became situated over the United States East Coast. This would set up a path for Helene to pass very close to the United States. The tropical storm attained hurricane intensity by 2200 UTC on 2200 UTC on September 24, while located east of Fort Pierce, Florida. However, in post-season analysis, it was found that Helene reached hurricane intensity earlier that day, by 1200 UTC. At the time, gale-force winds extended up to out from the storm's center of circulation. The hurricane steadily strengthened as it moved towards the northwest around the western periphery of the Azores High on September 25. Encountering the anticyclone situated off of the Mid-Atlantic states, Helene began to curve slightly towards the west. The lack of strong steering currents in the storm's vicinity caused the hurricane to move very slowly throughout the day, giving the hurricane time to significantly intensify. By 0000 UTC on September 26, Helene strengthened to the equivalent of a modern-day Category 2 hurricane, with a minimum pressure of . Moving slowly towards The Carolinas, the hurricane rapidly intensified. A recon flight reported a minimum pressure of , a drop of from the previous day. As the hurricane neared the coast, its eye became apparent on coastal long-range WSR-57 weather radar images. By 1800 UTC on September 26, Helene strengthened to a Category 3 hurricane and then to a Category 4 hurricane the following day. The major hurricane continued to strengthen before reaching its peak intensity on September 27 with winds of . However, Helene's lowest barometric pressure of was recorded earlier during the day. Still moving northwestward due to the influence of the Azores High, the hurricane came within of the US East Coast before recurving towards the northeast out to sea. As Helene recurved and accelerated towards more northerly latitudes, it steadily weakened. By 1200 UTC on September 28, Helene was no longer a major hurricane. The hurricane's wind field also expanded from the storm's center as it weakened. By midday on September 29, Helene had weakened to minimal hurricane strength, and later transitioned into an extratropical cyclone by 1800 UTC that day, though it still maintained hurricane-force winds. At roughly the same time, Helene passed over Newfoundland, with gale-force winds having expanded from the system's center, coinciding with the US Weather Bureau's final advisory on the system. Helene's extratropical remnants continued eastward across the Atlantic, becoming a dominant synoptic feature, before entirely dissipating by 0600 UTC on October 4 just west of Great Britain. Preparations Upon the storm's formation, the Weather Bureau cautioned ships in Helene's path of the impending conditions, and did so throughout the storm's duration. As the storm moved west on September 23, advisories specified for small craft in northern islands of The Bahamas to remain in "protected places." After Helene was forecast to remain north of the archipelago, notifications were lifted except for small craft along the coast of the South Atlantic States. Nearing the US East Coast, the Weather Bureau began to issue special bulletins for press radio and television stations early on September 24. At the same time, small craft were warned of the storm from The Carolinas southward. The following day, the weather forecast office (WFO) in Charleston, South Carolina began to issue local statements regarding the hurricane, while small craft alerts were shifted northward to coastal regions between Cape Hatteras, North Carolina and Daytona Beach, Florida. The first hurricane watch was issued on 1000 UTC on September 26 for the entirety of the Georgian coast to Charleston, South Carolina. A gale warning was posted at the same time for coastal areas from Daytona Beach, Florida to Wilmington, North Carolina. Small craft alerts continued to shift northwards along with Helene. As the storm began to quickly intensify on September 26, areas of the watch from Savannah, Georgia to Cape Fear, North Carolina were upgraded to a hurricane emergency area at 1600 UTC. Affected communities were advised to begin precautionary measures immediately and evacuate. Shipping and small craft were told to exercise "extreme caution." Gale warnings were changed to warn areas between Fernandina, Florida to Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. The heightened warnings caused WFOs to issue local bulletins regarding the impending hurricane. At the time, the Weather Bureau projected Helene to make landfall in South Carolina. These landfall forecasts shifted further north along the coast over time, before they were stopped after Helene recurved away from the coast entirely. At 0400 UTC on September 27, hurricane warnings were extended to include areas between Cape Fear and Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. Gale warning issuance reflected the changes and were too shifted northwards to the Virginia Capes area, while hurricane watches covered both warning areas. At 1600 UTC later that day, hurricane emergency and gale warnings were extended north to Manteo, North Carolina, while hurricane watches were continued for coastal regions from Savannah, Georgia to Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. After Helene began recurving away from the coast, all warnings south of Wilmington, North Carolina were discontinued at 2200 UTC on September 27. As Helene passed certain areas, warnings were discontinued upon the storm's passage. At 1000 UTC the next day, all onshore hurricane warnings were either downgraded to gale warnings or discontinued. However, offshore gale warnings were still issued for oceanic regions from the Virginia Capes to Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Shortly after, all warnings, with the exception of the offshore gale warnings, were discontinued. Remaining warnings lasted until 2200 UTC on September 28. Despite not issuing any warnings, the Weather Bureau cautioned interests in Newfoundland, and forecasted hurricane-force winds to effect the island. Due to the potential impacts from Helene, the Weather Bureau began to advise prompt emergency evacuation in their advisories. Areas between Beaufort, South Carolina and Cape Fear, North Carolina were urged to begin evacuation procedures immediately. The Southeastern American Red Cross sent ten field staff warnings to locations in Georgia and South Carolina in order to assist in setting up emergency shelters. The Red Cross held 27 hurricane preparation conferences to plan preparation procedures. Other civil defense organizations also mobilized hurricane preparation staff and equipment. The Weather Bureau sent a mobile weather station to Charleston, South Carolina in order to monitor weather conditions and alert surrounding populations with short-range radio equipment. Beaches on North Carolina's coast, including Wrightsville Beach and Carolina Beach, were completely evacuated during the night of September 27. In Wilmington, North Carolina, 100 members of the United States National Guard were dispatched to monitor waterfront property, while 60 others were kept on standby. Civilian vehicles attempting to enter Myrtle Beach, South Carolina were sent back by highway patrol outside the city borders, following an order issued by Governor of South Carolina George Bell Timmerman, Jr. The order was issued to minimize casualties and prevent looting. Approximately 100 members of the National Guard and local police were kept to patrol the beach. Despite repeated orders for mandatory evacuation, a few people remained in Myrtle Beach. Civil Defense authorities forcibly evacuated stragglers, but others were permitted to remain. Impact and aftermath United States East Coast Despite not making landfall, Helene's close proximity to the United States resulted in impacts along the East Coast. Impacts were most severe in North Carolina, where the hurricane made its closest approach. Wind impacts were felt primarily from South Carolina to Virginia, though a frontal zone aided in bringing precipitation as far north as Maine. In the United States, Helene caused $11.2 million in damages and one indirect fatality. North Carolina Roughly paralleling the North Carolina coast beginning on September 26, Helene's slow movement and strong intensity resulted in moderate to heavy impacts in coastal areas of the state. Despite the hurricane's Category 4 hurricane intensity, due to its closest approach to land remaining offshore, its storm surge remained less than initially forecast. The hurricane's track also placed its strongest storm surge in the eastern hemisphere of the storm, away from any landmasses. Surge heights peaked at near Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point. In Wilmington, Helene produced ocean swells at the coast 2.5 – 3 times per minute, indicative of a strong hurricane. There, the cumulative sea level was roughly above normal. However, as a result of the storm striking at low tide, damage caused by storm surge was mostly mitigated. Despite this, sand dunes in southern areas of Fort Fisher, were mostly destroyed by waves. On Cedar Island, strong winds produced by the hurricane pushed waves inland, inundating homes. Elsewhere, minor beach erosion occurred. Further inland, several weather stations reported hurricane-force winds. The Weather Bureau office in Wilmington, North Carolina, reported maximum sustained winds of and a peak gust of , exceeding the previous record for fastest measured wind speed of set during Hurricane Hazel in 1954. Beach resorts there were heavily damaged. In Wrightsville Beach, located of Wilmington, 12 houses were flattened by the hurricane. Damage to homes there were estimated by police to cost $300,000, and extensive damage to the water system was reported. In Long Beach, damage was less severe, with only minor property damage. Waves pushing past sand dunes caused cracks in seaside roads. Though surveys made no damage estimates, damage in Holden Beach was reported to have been worse than in Long Beach. A pier and a pavilion in Ocean Isle Beach were destroyed. In Topsail Beach and Kure Beach, several homes and businesses were either unroofed or destroyed. Yaupon Beach and Shallotte also had similar reports of unroofed homes. Two homes on Topsail Island were demolished, and extensive property damage was reported in Atlantic Beach. At Cape Fear, winds were estimated at , with gusts as high as , well into Category 3 intensity. The powerful winds forced power to be cut off in Wilmington as a precautionary measure. As a result, 7,000 telephones were knocked out of service. Damage to the Southern Bell Telephone Company's offices cost $150,000. Total damages in the city was estimated to cost nearly $2 million. In Morehead City, a roof was blown from a yacht shed and multiple structures. Long-distance telephone services were also cut off. Off the coast on Ocracoke Island, power and communications failed during the storm after the island was battered by winds of . Power outages were commonplace in other areas as well. In Southport, metal debris was scattered across city streets, and the damage there was described as worse than Hurricane Hazel. Half of its pier was swept away by the rough seas, and other buildings collapsed or sustained heavy damage. Numerous trees, including live oak, were uprooted by the winds. The United States Army provided the port with a temporary electrical generator, which provided power for water pumps and light. In Cape Hatteras, Helene caused an estimated $1 million in damages. Although damage to infrastructure tapered off from the coast, crop damage was observed inland. Corn was the crop most affected by Helene. Rainfall associated with Helene was primarily concentrated in coastal regions North Carolina, peaking at in Wilmington International Airport. In Hatteras, of rain was measured. Rainfall totals of at least were commonplace elsewhere along the North Carolina coast. An indirect death occurred when a car skidded off a flooded highway, killing the driver. In the state, damages from Helene amounted to $11 million. South Carolina Effects from Helene in South Carolina were less severe than in North Carolina. Helene made its closest approach to the state on September 27, . In Charleston, sustained winds reached and there was minor damage reported Trees and street signs were blown down, and beach houses suffered shingle damage. Sporadic and small power outages occurred throughout the city. Damage became progressively worse from Georgetown to Little River, with automobile accidents, torn roofs, and damaged piers. On Harbor Island, 50 percent of structure were reported to have roof damage, causing and estimated $125,000 in damages. Elsewhere along the South Carolina coast, beach erosion occurred due to the strong waves, and sections of pier were swept into sea. In Windy Hill and Cherry Grove Beach, three fishing piers were damaged. Damage was minor in Myrtle Beach, and was limited to roof and window damage. Further inland, in Columbia, damage was minimal, with no rainfall reported. Light damage to crops was reported inland, particularly in Marion County. Across the state, damages were estimated at $200,000 from the hurricane, though this did not include beach erosion or damage to sand dunes. Elsewhere in the United States As a result of Helene recurving away from the United States East Coast, damage in the United States outside of the Carolinas was less severe. In Virginia, damage was relatively minor. A peak gust of was reported in Norfolk. In Hampton Roads, damage was minor, and was confined to downed utility wires and marginal infrastructural damage. Although rainfall was primarily concentrated in the Carolinas, 1,434 official rain gauges measured precipitation in coastal areas from South Carolina to Maine. Precipitation was further increased by a frontal zone to the hurricane's north. In the Mid-Atlantic States, rainfall peaked at in Myerstown, Pennsylvania. Outside of Pennsylvania or the Carolinas, no weather station reported rainfall exceeding . In the New England region, rainfall peaked at in Hyannis, Massachusetts. Elsewhere in Massachusetts, rainfall totals ranging from caused minor flooding and road washouts. The minor floods led to several automotive accidents. Other states in New England reported rainfall peaks of at least , with the lowest peak occurring at a weather station in Machias, Maine, which reported of rainfall. Atlantic Canada As Helene approached Atlantic Canada in the process of transitioning into an extratropical storm, it produced heavy rainfall and strong winds along the region. Passing just east of Nova Scotia on September 29, Helene dropped at least across the entire province, peaking at in Cape Breton Island. Gusts peaked at across Cabot Strait, at CFB Shearwater and at Summerside, Prince Edward Island. The storm damaged power lines on the island but they were quickly repaired. The strong winds uprooted trees in the Halifax and Dartmouth, Nova Scotia area. In Nova Scotia, Helene's worst effects were felt in Cape Breton Island, where the storm was considered the worst in at least 21 years. Only one communication line from the island to the mainland was effective after the storm passed. Numerous downed power lines resulted in minor fires, and schools were closed throughout the island. In Sydney, Nova Scotia, there was considerable property damage, and as many as 700 people lost power. The lack of sufficient electricity forced the suspension of publications of the Cape Breton Post and disrupted normal restaurant cooking procedures. Damages in the community amounted to C$100,000. Offshore, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police cutter Fort Walsh, measuring in length, was washed ashore on the coast of Scatarie Island. The fishing wharf in Caribou, Nova Scotia was destroyed by rough seas generated by Helene, and at least 1,000 lobster traps were carried into the Northumberland Strait as a result. In New Brunswick, the hurricane's impacts were relatively minor, and rainfall peaked at . Quickly accelerating northwards, Helene made landfall on Newfoundland late on September 29. Rainfall peaked at in northern parts of the island, while rainfall amounts were generally minimal across the Avalon Peninsula. A weather station in Naval Station Argentia reported maximum sustained winds of and a gust of . The winds severed communications in southwestern Newfoundland and cut communications in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador from the mainland. Bell Island was cut off from the rest of Newfoundland due to rough seas generated by Helene, which resulted in the destruction of piers and lack of boat service. Damage caused by the hurricane on the island were estimated to be in excess of C$100,000. Aftermath Following the storm, Governor of North Carolina Luther H. Hodges and United States Senator from North Carolina B. Everett Jordan requested a disaster declaration for the state. President of the United States Dwight D. Eisenhower designated portions of North Carolina impacted by the storm as a disaster area. According to the American Red Cross, at least 5,000 people were kept in shelters after Helene. Following the large-scale evacuation procedures and resulting low loss of life after the storm, the Weather Bureau recommended that certain organizations be awarded the Outstanding Service to the Public certificate due to their cooperation with the Weather Bureau during the hurricane's duration. The recommended recipients were the radio stations WPTF and WRAL, and the North Carolina State Highway Patrol. See also Other storms of the same name List of North Carolina hurricanes Hurricane Able (1950) Hurricane Diana (1984) Hurricane Florence Sources External links National Hurricane Center Hurricane Helene "Storm Wallet" Archive Movie of a Helene reconnaissance flight Helene Helene (1958) Helene (1958) Hurricanes in Canada 1958 natural disasters in the United States	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane%20Helene%20%281958%29
Lakshmipati Tirtha (1420–1487) was a Vaishnava saint, belonging to Madhva Sampradaya. He was a disciple of Vyasatirtha a proponent of Dvaita Philosopher, who gave him the name Lakshmipati Tirtha upon initiation. One of the important vaishnavait of Brij area during the time of Vallabhacharya and Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, Madhavendra Puri was very likely initiated by Lakshmipati Tirtha. Lakshmipati Tirtha is also credited as being the spiritual master of Nityananda Prabhu, although Madhavendra Puri is often given this title in other versions. The founder of the Hare Krishna movement, A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada writes in his commentary on Chaitanya Charitamrita (Madhya-lila 8.128): "Sri Nityananda Prabhu was initiated by Madhavendra Puri, an ekadanda sannyasi. According to others, however, He was initiated by Lakṣmīpati Tīrtha." In his work, Teachings of Lord Caitanya, Bhaktivedanta Swami writes (Chapter 31): "Similarly, Lord Nityānanda Prabhu and Śrī Advaita Ācārya also accepted a sannyāsī as their spiritual master, namely, Mādhavendra Purī, who was a disciple of Lakṣmīpati Tīrtha." Indian Hindu saints Gaudiya religious leaders 1420 births 1487 deaths Medieval Hindu religious leaders	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakshmipati%20Tirtha
Joseph H. Cury (born November 6, 1928 in Allentown, Pennsylvania – January 11, 1977) was the owner of the Mandarin Super Market and a resident of Mandarin, Florida. He was known as the founder of POWER, an advocacy group on utility rates, and as an opponent of the Dames Point Bridge and nuclear power plants. Founding of POWER Cury received an electrical bill from the Jacksonville Electric Authority (JEA) which was double the cost of the month before. He called the company to inquire and they said it was because of the high cost of oil. Cury then founded People Outraged With Electric Rates (POWER), a local advocacy group. The treasurer was Harry Shorstein, former State Attorney for the city of Jacksonville, Florida. Ralph Nader became involved with the protests for a short time. Inspired by Nader's brief involvement, Cury changed P.O.W.E.R. to Consumer P.O.W.E.R. Cury strongly opposed the construction of the Dames Point Bridge, and was a vocal leader of the opposition to the project. He was also opposed to the movement to bring an Offshore Power Systems (O.P.S.) assembly facility to the Jacksonville area. In 1975, Cury considered running for mayor of Jacksonville and realizing that he would have to borrow too much money, he considered city council instead. He received a letter threatening to reveal his conspiracy to robbery conviction from Pennsylvania. Cury had been convicted of the attempted theft of $1200.00 (the equivalent of approximately $13,000 with inflation) and reported the letter to the authorities, where it was found to contain only the fingerprints of Cury and the investigating officer.Dudley Clendenin, St. Petersburg Times, July 1976. Cury was also part of the opposition of the Dames Point Bridge movement. His main opposition in this project was Wesley Paxson, the chairman of the Jacksonville Transportation Authority (JTA). He was also opposed by George Truett Ewton, the chairman of the JEA. At his store, he sold a copy of Ralph Nader's newsletter, Critical Mass''. Opposing nuclear power plants Cury opposed the Offshore Power Systems (OPS) project, a 1970 joint venture between Westinghouse Electric Company, which constructed nuclear generating plants, and Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock, which had recently merged with Tenneco, to create floating nuclear power plants at Jacksonville, Florida. Opposition to the project was both local and national because many people questioned the safety of nuclear power. OPS ultimately was not successful due to the 1973 oil crisis. By the end of the embargo in March 1974, the price of oil had risen nearly 300%, from US$3 per barrel to nearly $12 globally; US prices were significantly higher. The embargo caused an oil crisis, or "shock", with many short- and long-term effects on global politics and the global economy. Less oil available resulted in higher oil prices, which encouraged conservation and less demand for electricity. PSE&G did not need the additional capacity from the nuclear generators they had ordered, so PSE&G requested a two-year delay, culminating in a canceled contract. Cury became known to the community through his public interest work and was frequently in the local press. After his death, the local Southside Business Men's Club awarded him their Outspoken Citizens Award. Death He died from heart disease in 1977 at age 48. Personal life Joseph and his wife Betty had two children, Charles (deceased) and Pamela. References 1928 births 1977 deaths American grocers Businesspeople from Florida United States Marines American anti–nuclear power activists 20th-century American businesspeople	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe%20Cury
Kovancılar () is a town in Elazığ Province of Turkey. It is the seat of Kovancılar District. Its population is 25,295 (2021). The mayor is Hacı Akpınar (AKP). History Within the framework of the exchange agreement signed between Romania and Turkey in 1934, 300 Turkish families from Romania were transferred to the Elâzığ province. Due to the winter season, the immigrants were first subjected to temporary settlement in the surrounding villages and then settled in the current district center. In the spring of 1935, a new village of 300 households was established. This new settlement was named after Kovancılar, the village where the immigrants had resided in Romania. In 1935, the zoning plan of Kovancılar, which was built on a completely empty land, was prepared in the best way with the possibilities of that time and constituted an exemplary settlement in the province of Elâzığ. In 1968, the municipal organization was established, and then with the law dated 19 June 1987 and numbered 3392, Kovancılar gained the status of district. Geography Kovancılar is located on the 67th kilometer of the Elâzığ-Bingöl highway, on a flat area at the foot of Mount Şahmiran on the Euphrates, 1026 meters above sea level. Tunceli lies to the north, Karakoçan district to the east, Palu district to the south and Keban Dam Lake to the west. The area of the district is 980 km² together with its villages. Since the region is located in the Taurus Mountains range, it is in the first degree earthquake zone. The town consists of 13 quarters: Çarşıbaşı, Tuna, Bağlar, Fatih, Bahçelievler, Çaybaşı, Ismetpaşa, Heybet, Kapıaçmaz, Toki, Karacimşit, Gültepe and Yeni. References District municipalities in Turkey Populated places in Elazığ Province Kovancılar District Kurdish settlements in Elazığ Province	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kovanc%C4%B1lar
Koyulhisar is a town in Sivas Province of Turkey. It is the seat of Koyulhisar District. Its population is 4,041 (2022). The mayor is Osman Epsileli (MHP). History The ancient city of Nicopolis in Armenia (v.; Νικόπολις in ancient Greek) stood at this place and rose to Metropolis of Roman Lesser Armenia. Historically, it has also been known as Koyluhisar and Koyunlu Hisar. This name seemingly hails from the Latin colonia (Roman colony), as it was also the nearby site of Colonia in Armenia, which became important enough to be a suffragan in the Late Roman Province of Armenia Prima, but faded like most in Asia Minor. References Populated places in Sivas Province Koyulhisar District District municipalities in Turkey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koyulhisar
Kozaklı, formerly Hamamorta and Kisla, is a town in Nevşehir Province in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey. It is the seat of Kozaklı District. Its population is 7,589 (2022). Located in Cappadocia, its average elevation is . Due to its central situation to the nearest larger cities like Nevşehir, Kayseri, Yozgat, Niğde and Kırşehir (within distance), and particularly due to its natural spas, hamams and hotel facilities, Kozaklı has been a popular resort in Central Anatolia. Neighbourhoods The town of Kozaklı consists of the following neighbourhoods: Altınsu, Bahçelievler, Emek, Yeni, Hamamorta, Buruncuk, Bağlıca, Kızılkoyunlu, Hoca Ahmet Yesevi and Yabanlı. References External links KOZTEB District municipality's official website Administrative map of Kozaklı district General information on Kozaklı, Municipality of Kozaklı District municipalities in Turkey Kozaklı District Cappadocia Populated places in Nevşehir Province	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozakl%C4%B1
Just what is it that makes today's homes so different, so appealing? is a collage by English artist Richard Hamilton. It measures × . The work is now in the collection of the Kunsthalle Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. It was the first work of pop art to achieve iconic status. History Just what is it that makes today's homes so different, so appealing? was created in 1956 for the catalogue of the exhibition This Is Tomorrow in London, England in which it was reproduced in black and white. In addition, the piece was used in posters for the exhibit. Hamilton and his friends John McHale and John Voelcker had collaborated to create the room that became the best-known part of the exhibition. Hamilton subsequently created several works in which he reworked the subject and composition of the pop art collage, including a 1992 version featuring the female bodybuilder Bernie Price which he produced using a Quantel Paintbox. Sources According to a 2007 article by the art historian John-Paul Stonard, the collage consists of images taken mainly from American magazines. The principal template was an image of a modern sitting-room in an advertisement in Ladies' Home Journal for Armstrong Floors, which describes the "modern fashion in floors". The title is also taken from copy in the advert, which states "Just what is it that makes today's homes so different, so appealing? Open planning of course—and a bold use of color." The body builder is Irvin "Zabo" Koszewski, winner of Mr L.A. in 1954. The photograph is taken from Tomorrow's Man magazine, September 1954. The artist Jo Baer, who posed for erotic magazines in her youth, has claimed that she is the burlesque woman on the sofa, but the magazine from which the picture is taken has not been identified. The staircase is taken from an advertisement for Hoover's new model "Constellation", and it was sourced from the same issue of Ladies' Home Journal, June 1955, as the Armstrong Floors ad. The picture of artist Jack Kirby's cover of Young Romance was from an advertisement for the magazine included in its associated publication Young Love (no 15, 1950). The TV is a Stromberg-Carlson, taken from a 1955 advert. Hamilton asserted that the rug was a blow-up from a photograph depicting a crowd on the Whitley Bay beach. The image of planet Earth at the top was cut from Life magazine (Sept 1955). The original reference image for the collage from Life magazine supplied to Hamilton is in the John McHale archives at Yale University. It was one of the first images to be laid down in the collage. The Victorian man in the portrait has not been identified. The periodical on the chair is a copy of The Journal of Commerce, founded by telegraph pioneer Samuel F. B. Morse. The tape recorder is a British-made Boosey & Hawkes "Reporter", but the source of the image has not been identified. The view through the window is a widely reproduced photograph of the exterior of a cinema in 1927 showing the premiere of the early "talkie" film, The Jazz Singer starring Al Jolson; the actual original source of the image has not yet been found. Authorship In 2006, artist John McHale's son, John McHale Jr., said that his father claimed he was the creator of the image, having provided the original measured design and iconic material for the collage, including the magazines from which much of the collage was assembled. McHale said that the source material was his, sent to Hamilton from Yale University, where McHale was studying, and that Hamilton's role was simply "mechanical" cutting out and pasting according to McHale's design. In response, Hamilton said this was "absurd. The collage has been widely reproduced over the last fifty years and my authorship was never, to my knowledge, contested by John McHale Sr. when he was alive." Hamilton said that McHale provided him with a rough layout for six pages for the This is Tomorrow exhibition catalogue, but he only used two of them, and the other pages, including this collage, were created by himself; the American magazines that provided the images were from the collection of Magda and Frank Cordell, and the images were cut out by Hamilton's wife, Terry O'Reilly, and Magda Cordell. Magda Cordell has said that "While Richard, of course, put together the well-known poster collage for the group (Just what is it that makes today's homes so different, so appealing?), some of the material in that collage came from John McHale's files, and both Terry Hamilton and I helped gather the images. We often looked for material in the studio John and I shared. Sometimes when I look at that poster, I think it looks a bit like the sitting room in Cleveland Square where our studio was, but this may be only my imagination". References in popular culture In 2007, the Serbian and former Yugoslav new wave band VIS Idoli released a career spanning box set featuring the image as a basis for the box set cover. Notes and references 1956 works Collage English art Pop art British art	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Just%20what%20is%20it%20that%20makes%20today%27s%20homes%20so%20different%2C%20so%20appealing%3F
Other People's Money And How the Bankers Use It (1914) is a collection of essays written by Louis Brandeis first published as a book in 1914, and reissued in 1933. This book is critical of banks and insurance companies. Contents All the chapters of the book appeared as articles in Harper's Weekly between 22 November 1913 and 17 January 1914, and were written before November 1913. Synopsis The book attacked the use of investment funds to promote the consolidation of various industries under the control of a small number of corporations, which Brandeis alleged were working in concert to prevent competition. Brandeis harshly criticized investment bankers who controlled large amounts of money deposited in their banks by middle-class people. The heads of these banks, Brandeis pointed out, routinely sat on the boards of railroad companies and large industrial manufacturers of various products, and routinely directed the resources of their banks to promote the interests of their own companies. These companies, in turn, sought to maintain control of their industries by crushing small businesses and stamping out innovators who developed better products to compete against them. Brandeis supported his contentions with a discussion of the actual dollar amounts—in millions of dollars—controlled by specific banks, industries, and industrialists such as J. P. Morgan, noting that these interests had recently acquired a far larger proportion of American wealth than corporate entities had ever had before. He extensively cited testimony from a Congressional investigation performed by the Pujo Committee, named after Louisiana Representative Arsène Pujo, into self-serving and monopolistic business dealing. Famous quote Chapter V of the book ("What Publicity Can Do") contains in its opening section a well-known line that has frequently been cited in support of regulation through disclosure obligations: "Sunlight is said to be the best of disinfectants; electric light the most efficient policeman." Notes See also US corporate law External links "The Value of Other People's Money" in the New York Times 1914 non-fiction books Banking controversies Finance books Works by Louis Brandeis Criticisms of companies Essay collections	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Other%20People%27s%20Money%20and%20How%20the%20Bankers%20Use%20It
Umbrella is the second album by the American band the Innocence Mission, released in 1991. The band supported the album with a North American tour. Production The album was produced by Larry Klein and the band. It was recorded in two months in several studios in Los Angeles, Kingston, New York, and New York City, including the Kiva, Dreamland Recording, and Masterdisc. The lyrics were written by lead singer Karen Peris; she was particularly inspired by the light coming through the stained glass windows at Dreamland. Peris also played keyboards. The band thought that Umbrella'''s songs were more personal than those on the first album. Critical reception The Calgary Herald wrote that "Mission's singer/songwriter Karen Peris clones Natalie Merchant's seductive and indolent vocals, copying the Maniacs' sound except on later tracks where she puppets Kate Bush." The Indianapolis Star stated that, "besides Peris' wafting synthesizer and eventually wearying vocals, her three bandmates' guitars and drums float directionless." The Republican considered "And Hiding Away" to be one of the "most captivating songs of the year."Newsday opined that "it's nice to know there's a place ... for Innocence Mission's kind of careful intelligence, but the pretentious lyrics and art-rock arrangements made them come across as a little humorless and more than a little dull." The Washington Post deemed the album "pretty, sweet and bland." The State'' called it "light and breezy guitar-driven pop." Track listing References The Innocence Mission albums 1991 albums A&M Records albums Albums produced by Larry Klein	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbrella%20%28The%20Innocence%20Mission%20album%29
Köprübaşı (literally "bridgehead") is a Turkish place name and may refer to the following places: Districts Köprübaşı, Manisa Köprübaşı, Trabzon Villages (alphabetical by province, then district) Köprübaşı, Sason, Batman Province Köprübaşı, Mengen, Bolu Province Köprübaşı, Ezine, Çanakkale Province Köprübaşı, Kargı, Çorum Province Köprübaşı, Mecitözü, Çorum Province Köprübaşı, Kale, Denizli Province Köprübaşı, Sarayköy, Denizli Province Köprübaşı, Düzce, Düzce Province Köprübaşı, Tercan, Erzincan Province Köprübaşı, Olur, Erzurum Province Köprübaşı, Kızıltepe, Mardin Province Köprübaşı, Anamur, Mersin Province Köprübaşı, Çamlıhemşin, Rize Province Köprübaşı, Vezirköprü, Samsun Province Köprübaşı, Siirt, Siirt Province Other places Köprübaşı Dam, in Zonguldak Province	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6pr%C3%BCba%C5%9F%C4%B1
Alto Trás-os-Montes (), or Nordeste Transmontano, is a former NUTS-level 3 subregion of the Norte Region of Portugal. It was abolished at the January 2015 NUTS 3 revision. Its 15 municipalities occupied an area of in the north-east of continental Portugal with an estimated 2008 population of 214,460 inhabitants; thus it constituted approximately 40% of the area, but only 6.1% of the population, of the Norte Region. Geography The Trás-os-Montes area refers to a contiguous territory that has similar social and cultural identities, but diverges on the potential economic abilities, while constituting a territorial unit with scale and critical mass to act in concert politically. In addition to its land border with Spain (in the north and north-northeast), it is also juxtapositioned with the subregions of the Douro (to the south), Tâmega Subregion (in the southwest), Ave (in the southwest) and Cávado (in the west). The NUTS III region of Alto Trás-os-Montes includes the following municipalities: Alfândega da Fé - a Moorish enclave, it was conquered by Asturian Christians and its original name, Alfandagh (which means hospice), was extended with Fe (meaning faith). The beginnings of its municipal history date back to a foral established on 8 May 1294, by King Denis of Portugal; Boticas - its history dates back to the Guedeões-Barroso line of hereditary clans (the Barrosos, were the predominant line, fixing themselves in Braga and Barcelos) becoming signeurs and administrators of the lands of the Trás-os-Montes until the lands were donated. The municipality was established during the Liberal regime (6 November 1836 decree) from portions of Chaves and Montalegre; Bragança - home to the hereditary line of the House of Braganza, established in 1442 by King Afonso, responsible for providing Portugal its kings (from 1640 to 1910) and the emperors (from 1822 to 1889): at the end of the Iberian Union with Spain, after the 1 December 1640, that the ascension of the 8th Duke of Braganza (then military governor of Portugal), John IV to the title of King that restored the Portuguese monarchy; Chaves – founded during the reign of the Flavian Emperor Vespasian, Aquae Flaviae, was renowned during this period for its thermal springs and baths. During the Middle Ages it was traded back and forth between Spanish and Portuguese monarchs, as well as the seat of Monarchy of the North, during the failed monarchist revolts of the 20th century; Macedo de Cavaleiros – named in honour of Martim Gonçalves de Macedo, who saved John, the Master of Aviz during the Battle of Aljubarrota, the municipality is best known for the Paisagem Protegida da Albufeira do Azibo a reservoir constructed during the 1980s to support the communities, but used for both recreational and leisure activities. Miranda do Douro Mirandela Mogadouro Montalegre Murça Valpaços Vila Pouca de Aguiar Vimioso Vinhais The inhabitants are not homogeneously distributed within the region: with most of the population concentrated in the principal urban agglomerations, the region has experienced a continuous process of rural-to-urban population migration to centres within or outside the region. Yet, simultaneously, the medium-to-small centres have taken on a catalytic role in urbanization and economic development. The structure of the Trás-os-Montes hierarchy is highlighted by the largest of these "medium"-sized cities (Bragança, Mirandela and Chaves), corresponding to the principal urban poles, and articulated by a complementary urban network, constituted by the seats of the municipalities of Alfândega da Fé, Boticas, Macedo de Cavaleiros, Miranda do Douro, Mogadouro, Montalegre, Ribeira de Pena, Valpaços, Vila Flor, Vila Pouca de Aguiar, Vimioso and Vinhais. The proximity of Trás-os-Montes with Spain has allowed a cross-cultural and cross-social partnership, that has helped to develop both social and economic projects. Economy Institutionally, the municipalities of the Trás-os-Montes are aggregated into three associations that plan and promote regional development tasks within the region: Associação de Municípios da Terra Fria do Nordeste Transmontano (which include Bragança, Miranda do Douro, Mogadouro, Vimioso and Vinhais), the Associação de Municípios da Terra Quente Transmontana (with Alfândega da Fé, Macedo de Cavaleiros, Mirandela and Vila Flor) and Associação de Municípios do Alto Tâmega (Boticas, Chaves, Montalegre, Ribeira de Pena, Valpaços and Vila Pouca de Aguiar). The municipality of Mogadouro falls within the Associação de Municípios do Douro Superior. The AMTF-NT assumes the largest part of regional development funding and organizational motivation. The agro-forestry activities in the region are transitioning to socially or economically viable commerce sectors, with the emigration of more residents into the urban areas. Agriculture, with its base in the production of olive oil, the raising of cattle, and cultivation of fruit orchards, remains the primary source of income in this region. References Notes Sources Former NUTS 3 statistical regions of Portugal	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alto%20Tr%C3%A1s-os-Montes
Harassment is a topic which, in the past couple of decades, has been taken increasingly seriously in the United Kingdom, and has been the subject of a number of pieces of legislation. Introduction Racial and sexual discrimination have been unlawful under the Race Relations Acts and the Equality Act 2010 (originally the Sex Discrimination Act 1975 which was repealed). Respectively, it is only comparatively recently that specific legislation has defined harassment specifically as unlawful. Because of the rise recently in awareness of the issues involved in harassment, recent trends have shown significant rises in the number of people making claims of harassment at Employment Tribunals. If the complaint is serious, high damages may be awarded against the Employer, so it is important for the Employer to take seriously any allegation of harassment at an early stage and take steps to quickly resolve it. There is also legislation in place to be able to deal with discrimination, and this legislation is distinct to that provided under the Sex Discrimination Act 1975 and the Race Relations Acts. Definition Under the Protection from Harassment Act 1997 - this statute makes harassment a crime and a civil wrong: Section 1(1): 'A course of conduct which amounts to harassment, and which the defendant knows or ought to know amounts to harassment is prohibited.' "A person must not pursue a course of conduct '(a) which amounts to harassment of another, and (b) which he knows or ought to know amounts to harassment of the other.' 'As for what the defendant 'ought to know', the test is whether a reasonable person in possession of the same information would think it amounts to harassment' - Section 1(1)(2). The defendant need not know that their conduct amounts to harassment of the other, so long as you ought to know that your course of conduct ought to amount to harassment of the other: Per Section 1(2) - 'the person whose course of conduct is in question ought to know that it amounts to [or involves] harassment of another if a reasonable person in possession of the same information would think the course of conduct amounted to harassment of the other.Harassment also occurs when, on the grounds of race, disability, sex, sexual orientation, belief or religion, an employer - or their agent such as another employee or a manager - engages in unwanted conduct which has the purpose or effect of violating an individual's dignity or creating an interrogating, degrading, hostile offensive or humiliating environment for the employee in question. This is wide spectrum, and covers all types of harassment. Such actions can be: Physical conduct; Verbal conduct; and Non-verbal conduct. In addition, while the conduct must be unwanted by the recipient, it does not necessarily have to be that the harasser has a motive or an intention to harass. So it is still harassment even if the harasser does not know there is harm caused by their actions. Requirements for the Tort of Harassment Whilst under Section 2 of the Protection from Harassment Act 1997, states that harassment is a crime, the statute also provides a civil remedy, for actual or apprehended harassment under section 3(1). 'In life one has to put up with a certain amount of annoyance', but 'To cross the boundary from the regrettable to the unacceptable, the gravity of the misconduct must be of an order which would sustain criminal liability under section 2.' Under the Protection from Harassment Act 1997, Section 7(2) 'References to harassing a person include alarming the person or causing the person distress.' Elements Alarm or distress 'As with any common English word, what amounts to harassment, alarm or distress in any given situation is a question of fact for the magistrates.' However, whilst it is 'evident that the 1997 Act created an offence of potentially enormous scope, 'Not any trivial act of harassment will do; there is a minimum level of alarm and distress which must be suffered in order to constitute harassment.' This has been specified in previous case law that mere alarm or distress might not be enough to result in the defendant being liable for harassment; the defendant's behaviour must be oppressive. Moreover, in the case of Haynes v Willoughby, harassment was described as a persistent and deliberate course of unreasonable and oppressive conduct, targeted at another person, calculated to cause 'alarm, fear and/or distress.' Furthermore, following Pill LJ's judgment: 'To harass as defined in the Concise Oxford Dictionary, Tenth Edition, is to "torment by subjecting to constant interference or intimidation. The conduct must be unacceptable to a degree which would sustain criminal liability and also must be oppressive. Course of conduct There 'must be a course of conduct, that is to say conduct on at least two occasions.' 'A single act of harassment will not amount to an offence.' Under Section 7(3): A course of conduct must involve- (a) 'In the case of conduct in relation to a single person, conduct on at least two occasions in relation to that person, or (b) in the case of conduct in relation to two or more persons, conduct on at least one occasion in relation to each of those persons.' So, a single occasion is not enough. For example, in the case of R v Curtis where the defendant was in a volatile relationship with the claimant. The court 'required proof of a course of conduct,' and it was held the 'course of conduct [present here] amounted to harassment.' What about where the conduct is not targeted at the claimant? It is not necessary that the victim themselves be the target: 'Liability is incurred where the defendant engaged in a course of conduct which they knew, or ought to have known, amounted to harassment. The conduct does not need to be targeted at the claimant, although it must be foreseeable that the claimant will suffer the harm.' For example, in the case of Levi v Bates [2015], the defendant published the claimant's address and number, however, the wife of the claimant also suffered distress and alarm resultant of this. The court held that although the husband was the target of the harassment, the wife could also sue because it was foreseeable that she too would have been harassed by the defendant's conduct. Employer's liability An employer is liable, as is the case for many other acts, for the actions of their employees during the course of employment. Though it would be relatively easier to prove that a manager or supervisor to the recipient could be guilty of harassing "during the course of employment", it may require more proof if the harasser is in a subordinate position. Employers can avoid liability for discriminatory harassment if they can prove that they took such steps that were reasonably practical to prevent harassment from occurring. However, employers cannot use this defence to a claim of harassment under the Protection from Harassment Act 1997, under which they will have vicarious liability for the actions of their employees. Legislation The United Kingdom has a "rag bag of statutes" relating to harassment. Administration of Justice Act 1970 Section 40 of the Administration of Justice Act 1970 creates the offence of harassing a contract debtor. Protection from Eviction Act 1977 The marginal note to section 1 of the Protection from Eviction Act 1977 refers to "harassment of occupier". Public Order Act 1986 Section 4A of the Public Order Act 1986, inserted by the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994, creates the offence of intentional harassment, alarm or distress. Section 5 creates the offence of harassment, alarm or distress. Protection from Harassment Act 1997 This Act was primarily created to provide protection against stalkers, but it has been used in other ways. Under this Act, it is now an offence for a person to pursue a course of action which amounts to harassment of another individual, and that they know or ought to know amounts to harassment. Under this act the definition of harassment is behaviour which causes alarm or distress. This Act provides for a jail sentence of up to six months or a fine. There are also a variety of civil remedies that can be used including awarding of damages, and restraining orders backed by the power of arrest. The introduction of this legislation considers 'emotional harm generally,' which was considered a 'radical change to the law.' Employers have vicarious liability for harassment by their employees under the Protection from Harassment Act 1997, (see Majrowski v Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust). For employees this may provide an easier route to compensation than claims based on discrimination legislation or personal injury claims for stress at work, as the elements of harassment are likely to be easier to prove, the statutory defence is not available to the employer, and it may be easier to establish a claim for compensation. Also as the claim can be made in the County Court costs are recoverable and legal aid is available. In Scotland the Act works slightly differently: A jail term of up to five years in very serious cases can be imposed. Civil remedies include damages, interdict and non-harassment orders backed by powers of arrest. Defences Under the Protection from Harassment Act ‘1(3) Subsection (1) [or (1A)] does not apply to a course of conduct if the person who pursued it shows— (a) that it was pursued for the purpose of preventing or detecting crime (b) that it was pursued under any enactment or rule of law or to comply with any condition or requirement imposed by any person under an enactment, or (c) that in the particular circumstances the pursuit of the course of conduct was reasonable.' For example, shown again in the case of Haynes v Willoughby where the defendant was making allegations against his former employer of fraud, embezzlement and tax evasion and engaged in a six-year campaign, writing to the police of the Department of Trade and Industry, among others. However, after investigation there was found to be nothing behind the allegations. Yet, even after the police shared their conclusions the defendant continued to make allegations. This amounted to harassment, as there was no further rational basis to continue his 'investigations.' Hence, the defence under Section 1(3)(a) was not upheld:[13] It cannot be the case that the mere existence of a belief, however absurd, in the mind of the harasser that he is detecting or preventing a possibly non-existent crime, will justify him in persisting in a course of conduct which the law characterises as oppressive. Some control mechanism is required, even if it falls well short of requiring the alleged harasser to prove that his alleged purpose was objectively reasonable'.[15]''' ‘Before an alleged harasser can be said to have had the purpose of preventing or detecting crime, he must have sufficiently applied his mind to the matter. He must have thought rationally about the material suggesting the possibility of criminality and formed the view that the conduct said to constitute harassment was appropriate for the purpose of preventing or detecting it. If he has done these things, then he has the relevant purpose.’ Damages See the main article: Damages Under Section 3(2), compensatory damages may be awarded for anxiety and financial loss resultant of the harassment. Harassment incurs liability for all direct losses, and not merely those which were reasonably foreseeable. Potential remedies also include an injunction and if that injunction is transgressed, the claimant may apply for an arrest warrant under Section 3(3). For example, in the case of Brand v Berki,'' the claimant made repeated serious criminal allegations against Russell Brand, the comedian. She had reported the matter to the police, who investigated and said there was no cause to answer. However, she continued with the allegations in the national press and on Twitter. Resultantly, an interim injunction was granted, pending trial. See also United Kingdom employment equality law Sexual harassment United Kingdom labour law Workplace harassment References External links Majrowski v Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Trust Neighbours From Hell in Britain: Harassment from your Neighbour Weaver v. NATHFE Race Discrimination Case Anti-Harassment Club United Kingdom English law Law of the United Kingdom	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harassment%20in%20the%20United%20Kingdom
Köprüköy, () is a municipality and district of Erzurum Province, Turkey. Its area is 777 km2, and its population is 14,204 (2022). The mayor is Osman Belli (AKP). Composition There are 42 neighbourhoods in Köprüköy District: Ağcaşar Akçam Alaca Aşağıçakmak Aşağıkızılkale Ataköy Buğdaylı Camikebir Çullu Derebaşı Dilek Duatepe Dumankaya Eğirmez Emre Eyüpler Geyikli Gölçayır Güzelhisar Ilıcasu Karataşlar Kayabaşı Kıyıkonak Marifet Mescitli Örentaş Ortaklar Pekecik Sarıtaş Savatlı Şehitler Soğuksu Topçu Yağan Yapağılı Yemlik Yeşilöz Yılanlı Yukarıkızılca Yukarıkızılkale Yukarısöğütlü Ziyaret References Populated places in Erzurum Province Districts of Erzurum Province Kurdish settlements in Turkey Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6pr%C3%BCk%C3%B6y
Körfez, formerly known as Elaia, or Elaea, is a municipality and district of Kocaeli Province, Turkey. Its area is 301 km2, and its population is 178,048 (2022). The mayor is Şener Söğüt (AKP) and the district governor is Uğur Kalkar, appointed in August 2022. The cement plant is a major source of greenhouse gas. History is located in the district. It was built in 1898 for the German Emperor Wilhelm's visit to the Ottoman Empire. The district Körfez was established in 1987 from parts of the central district of Kocaeli (now İzmit) and of the district of Gebze. At the same time, the municipality Yarımca was renamed to Körfez. It has borders with Şile to north, Derince from east, Dilovası from southwest and Gebze from west. Hereke and Kirazlıyalı were independent towns within the district until they were absorbed into the municipality Körfez in 2008. Composition There are 36 neighbourhoods in Körfez District: 17 Ağustos Agah Ateş Alihocalar Atalar Barbaros Belen Çamlıtepe Çıraklı Cumaköy Cumhuriyet Dereköy Dikenli Elmacık Esentepe Fatih Güney Hacı Akif Hacı Osman Himmetli İlimtepe Kalburcu Karayakuplu Kirazlıyalı Kışladüzü Kutluca Kuzey Mimar Sinan Naipköy Osmanlı Şemsettin Sevindikli Sipahiler Şirinyalı Yavuz Sultan Selim Yeni Yalı Yukarı Hereke See also İzmit Körfez Circuit References External links District governor's official website District municipality's official website Körfez District Populated places in Kocaeli Province Districts of Kocaeli Province Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6rfez
The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI), formerly Ottawa Health Research Institute, is a non-profit academic health research institute located in the city of Ottawa. It was formed in 2001 following the merger of three Ottawa hospitals. The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute is the research arm of The Ottawa Hospital and affiliated with the University of Ottawa. As of 2022, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute houses approximately 2,200 scientists, clinician investigators, students, research fellows, and support staff. It has five research programs: Cancer Therapeutics; Chronic Disease; Clinical Epidemiology; Regenerative Medicine; and Neurosciences. Its researchers are studying more than a hundred different diseases, conditions and specialties with an overall focus on translating discoveries and knowledge into better health. Ronald G. Worton was the research institute's founding CEO and Scientific Director in 2001. In 2007, Duncan Stewart, formerly Chief Cardiologist of St. Michael's Hospital in Toronto and Director of Cardiology of University of Toronto, took over as CEO and Scientific Director. History COVID-19 During the COVID-19 pandemic, scientists at the OHRI developed an early-stage COVID-19 vaccine candidate called TOH-Vac1. The candidate is a live replicating virus vaccine using a vaccinia virus vector. Results from pre-clinical studies were published in Molecular Therapy in October 2021. The research team was led by Dr. John Bell and was funded by the Thistledown Foundation, Ottawa Hospital Foundation and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. Notable Discoveries and Accomplishments Dr. Harold Atkins and Dr. Mark Freedman pioneered the use of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Dr. Michael Rudnicki was the first to characterize adult skeletal muscle stem cells. Dr. Ian Stiell developed the Ottawa Ankle Rules. Dr. David Moher led the development of the CONSORT reporting guidelines for clinical trials and the PRISMA reporting guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Dr. Doug Manuel developed ProjectBigLife, a life expectancy calculator that helps educate people about healthy lifestyle choices. Dr. John Bell and his colleagues demonstrated for the first time that an intravenously-delivered viral therapy can selectively infect and spread within tumours in humans. Dr. Dean Fergusson and Dr. Paul Hebert discovered that aprotinin is associated with an increased risk of death compared to other drugs routinely used to prevent blood loss during heart surgery. Dr. Annette O'Connor pioneered the use of Patient Decision Aids. Dr. Natasha Kekre is leading the first clinical trial of made-in-Canada CAR-T cells for the treatment of cancer. Notable Faculty and Alumni John Cameron Bell Dean Fergusson Ian Graham Jeremy Grimshaw Michael McBurney David Moher Annette O'Connor Michael Rudnicki References External links Official Site Medical research institutes in Canada Research in Ottawa University of Ottawa 2001 establishments in Ontario Educational institutions established in 2001	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottawa%20Hospital%20Research%20Institute
Hanno (, ) was a Carthaginian general serving under Mago Barca in the Second Punic War. He is sometimes mistaken for Hanno, son of Bomilcar. Biography He was sent to Spain in 206 BC by the Carthaginian senate to recruit Spanish mercenaries along with Mago Barca. Despite gathering an army in Celtiberia, including the mythical Larus, they were defeated and captured by the Romans under Marcus Junius Silanus. After reaching Gades, Mago sent a prefect similarly named Hanno, who was defeated and killed by Silanus in 206 BC in the Battle of the Guadalquivir. See also Other Hannos in Carthaginian history References Citations Bibliography . External links Index of names: Hanno 204 BC deaths Carthaginian commanders of the Second Punic War Year of birth unknown 3rd-century BC Punic people	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanno%20the%20Elder
Köse is a town in Gümüşhane Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. It is the seat of Köse District. Its population is 5,283 (2022). The town lies at an elevation of . References External links Road map of Köse district Populated places in Gümüşhane Province Köse District District municipalities in Turkey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6se
El Siglo is a newspaper edited in the city of San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán Province, Argentina. It was founded on December 4, 1990, as Siglo XXI, but following its sale in 1998, the name was changed to its current form. The daily ranks third in the city of Tucumán by circulation, behind La Gaceta and El Tribuno de Tucumán. External links Official site 1990 establishments in Argentina Daily newspapers published in Argentina Mass media in San Miguel de Tucumán Newspapers established in 1990 Spanish-language newspapers	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El%20Siglo%20%28Argentina%29
August Wilhelm Eichler, also known under his Latinized name, Augustus Guilielmus Eichler (22 April 1839 – 2 March 1887), was a German botanist who developed a new system of classification of plants to reflect the concept of evolution. His author abbreviation in botany is Eichler. Biography Born in Neukirchen, Hesse, Eichler studied at the University of Marburg, Germany, and in 1871 became Professor of Botany at Technische Hochschule (Technical University) of Graz and director of the botanical garden in that city. In 1872 he received an appointment at the University of Kiel, where he remained until 1878 when he became director of the herbarium at the University of Berlin. He died in Berlin on March 2, 1887, of leukaemia. Eichler made important contributions to the study of the comparative structure of flowers (mainly on floral symmetry in his work Blütendiagramme). He wrote extensively on the Coniferae, Cycadaceae and other plant groups of Brazil. Eichler System The Eichler System divided the plant kingdom into non-floral plants (Cryptogamae) and floral plants (Phanerogamae). It was the first to accept the concept of evolution and therefore also the first to be considered phylogenetic. Moreover, Eichler was the first taxonomist to separate the Phanerogamae into Angiosperms and Gymnosperms and the former into Monocotyledonae and Dicotyledonae. The Eichler system was the foundation for Adolf Engler's System and was widely accepted in Europe and other parts of the world. Works Volume I: 1875 Volume II: 1878 Syllabus der Vorlesungen über Phanerogamenkunde Lipsius und Tischer, Kiel 1876. Subsequent editions published as Syllabus der Vorlesungen über specielle und medicinisch-pharmaceutische Botanik, 2nd ed. 1880, 3rd ed. 1883, 4th ed. 1886, 5th 1890 Flora Brasiliensis (Flora of Brazil) editor after death of Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius in 1868 until 1887, succeeded by Ignatz Urban (Available online at Botanicus.org Website) Beiträge zur Morphologie und Systematik der Marantaceen (1884) Zur Entwickelungsgeschichte der Palmenblätter (1885) Caroli Frid. Phil. Martii Flora Brasiliensis, sive Flora Brasiliensis, enumeratio plantarum in Brasilia hactenus detectarum :quas suis aliorumque botanicorum studiis descriptas et methodo naturali digestas partim icone illustratas /ediderunt Carolus Fridericus Philippus de Martius et Augustus Guilielmus Eichler ; iisque defunctis successor Ignatius Urban ; with Martius, Karl Friedrich Philipp von, 1794-1868, Endlicher, István László, 1804-1849, Fenzl, Eduard, 1808-1879, Mary, Benj, Oldenburg, R.Urban and Ignaz, 1848- See also List of plants of Caatinga vegetation of Brazil List of plants of Cerrado vegetation of Brazil Notes Author Details: Eichler, August Wilhelm (1839-1887). International Plant Names Index. Bibliography August Wilhelm Eichler. Encyclopædia Britannica August Wilhelm Eichler. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Vol. 23, No. 2 (May, 1887 - May, 1888), pp. 355-356 Obituary History of Taxonomy: 1875-1926 Annals of Botany 1887 Biography and list of publications External links Flora Brasiliensis On-Line. In Portuguese and English (launch date 22 March 2006). View digitized titles by August Wilhelm Eichler in Botanicus.org 1839 births 1887 deaths 19th-century German botanists Botanists with author abbreviations People from Schwalm-Eder-Kreis	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August%20W.%20Eichler
Köyceğiz is a municipality and district of Muğla Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,329 km2, and its population is 39,242 (2022). The town of Köyceğiz lies at the northern end of a lake of the same name (Lake Köyceğiz) which is joined to the Mediterranean Sea by a natural channel called Dalyan Delta. Its unique environment is being preserved as a nature and wildlife sanctuary, the Köyceğiz-Dalyan Special Environmental Protection Area. A road shaded with trees leads to the township that carries the same name as the river, Dalyan, which is situated on the inland waterway and is administratively a part of the neighboring district of Ortaca. Dalyan is highly popular with visitors and its maze of channels can be explored by boat. The restaurants which line the waterways specialize in fresh fish. High on the cliff face, at a bend in the river, above the ancient harbor city of Caunos, tombs were carved into the rocks. The Dalyan Delta, with a long, golden sandy beach at its mouth, is a nature conservation area and a refuge for rare loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) and blue crabs. Composition There are 25 neighbourhoods in Köyceğiz District: Akköprü Balcılar Beyobası Çandır Çayhisar Döğüşbelen Ekincik Gelişim Gülpınar Hamitköy Karaçam Kavakarası Köyceğiz Otmanlar Pınar Sazak Sultaniye Toparlar Ulucami Yangı Yayla Yeni Yeşilköy Zaferler Zeytinalanı References External links District municipality's official website Köyceğiz Pictures Populated places in Muğla Province Turkish Riviera Fishing communities in Turkey Districts of Muğla Province Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey Cittaslow	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6yce%C4%9Fiz
Saeed Rashid, PP, (20 January 1927 – 19 June 1999) was a writer, teacher, and historian from Pakistan. Life Military College Jhelum years In the 1950s he was associated with the Fine Arts Cultural Center. There he wrote and produced plays. From 1950, for several years he was associated with the editorship of the college magazine Tarbiyat (training). From 1965 to 1968 he was the library officer. From 1967 to 1985 he served as the House Master for Shair Shah House. In October 1974, he was appointed Director of the Research and Development Cell and in 1991 he became secretary of the Alamgirians Society. Major works Books in Urdu Hayat-e-Quaid-e-Azam Guftar-o-Kiradar-e-Quaid-e-Azam Guftar-o-Kirdar-e-Sir Syed Tazkara-e-Iqbal Mukalmat-e-Iqbal Shad-Bad-Manzil-e-Murad Kirdar-ki-Kirnain Kirdar Saz, biography of Brig. Muhammad Rafiq Tazkara-e-Shuhada Juratoan Kay Nishan Haq Nawaz Kiyani Shaheed Sitara-e-Jurat Akram Shaheed Nishan-e-Haider Dastan-e-Ilm-o-Amal Volume I Dastan-e-Ilm-o-Amal Volume II Chiragon ki Qataar Shaheed-e-Siachin Books in English Character and Conduct of Quaid-e-Azam Living with Leadership Learning to Lead In Search of Maturity From School to College From School to College A lasting light House Teacher Guide In Search of Character Character Building Exercise Teacher Education Programme Character Building and Public Speaking Pakistan and Character Building Recognition Saeed Rashid Block: A new academic block was named after him at Military College Jhelum on 19 November 2000. See also Muhammad Rafiq (brigadier) References External links , Military College Jhelum site , Military College Jhelum site Professor Saeed Rashid's Book Ilm-o-Amal, Alamgirian.org – The MCJ Website Aligarh Muslim University alumni Pakistani educational theorists 20th-century Pakistani historians Pakistani schoolteachers Recipients of the Pride of Performance 1927 births People from Bareilly 1999 deaths Saeed	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saeed%20Rashid
Kuluncak () is a municipality and district of Malatya Province, Turkey. Its area is 645 km2, and its population is 7,000 (2022). The mayor is Erhan Cengiz (MHP). Composition There are 28 neighbourhoods in Kuluncak District: Alvar Aşağıselimli Bahçelievler Başören Bıcır Bıyıkboğazı Boğaziçi Çayköy Ciritbelen Çörmü Göğebakan Ilısuluk İsmetpaşa İstiklal Karabük Karaçayır Karıncalık Karlık Kaynarca Kızılhisar Kızılmağara Kömüklü Konaktepe Ortapınar Sofular Sultanlı Temüklü Yeni References External links District governor's official website Populated places in Malatya Province Districts of Malatya Province Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuluncak
The Adirondack Stakes is an American Thoroughbred horse race first run in 1901. Held in the middle of August at Saratoga Race Course in Saratoga Springs, New York, the Adirondack Stakes is open to two-year-old fillies willing to race six and a half furlongs on the dirt. It is a Grade II event with a current purse of $200,000 (raised from $150,000 in 2012.) Named for the Adirondack Mountains of northeastern New York State, the race was first run in 1901 as a handicap for two-year-olds of either sex. Beginning in 1930 the race was restricted to fillies. Since inception, the Adirondack has been contested at various distances: 5.5 furlongs : 1952–1955 6 furlongs : 1901–1910, 1913–1945, 1962–1993, 2005 6.5 furlongs : 1994–2003, 2006–present This race was at Belmont Park in 1943, 1944, and 1945; and at Jamaica Race Course in 1953 and 1954. It was not run in 1911 and 1912; from 1946 to 1952, from 1956 to 1961 and in 2004. Records Speed record: (at current distance of 6.5 furlongs) 1:15.16 – You (2001) Most wins by a jockey: 4 – Jorge Velásquez (1980, 1981, 1983, 1985) Most wins by an owner: 3 – Stonestreet Stables (2011, 2012, 2014) 3 – Harry Payne Whitney (1908, 1917, 1920) 3 – Edward R. Bradley (1934, 1935, 1944) Most wins by a trainer: 7 – D. Wayne Lukas (1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1997, 2005, 2022) Winners since 1953 Earlier winners 1945 – Rytina 1944 – Busher 1943 – Fire Sticky 1942 – La Reigh 1941 – Romping Home 1940 – Tangled 1939 – Rosetown 1938 – Matterhorn 1937 – Creole Maid 1936 – Juliet W. 1935 – Beanie M 1934 – Bird Flower 1933 – Sun Celtic 1932 – Speed Boat 1931 – Brocado 1930 – Ladana 1929 – War Saint 1928 – The Worker 1927 – One Hour 1926 – Friedjof Nansen 1925 – Blockhead 1924 – Cloudland 1923 – Elvina 1922 – Cartoonist 1921 – Oil Man 1920 – Exodus 1919 – Grayssian 1918 – Routledge 1917 – Happy Go Lucky 1916 – Ultimatum 1915 – Friar Rock 1914 – Lady Barbary 1913 – Little Nephew 1910 – Zeus 1909 – Scarpia 1908 – Sea Cliff 1907 – Beaucoup 1906 – Salvidere 1905 – Tangle 1904 – Broadcloth 1903 – Sweet Gretchen 1902 – Molly Brant 1901 – Smart Set References The 2009 Adirondack Stakes at ESPN Ten Things You Should Know About the Adirondack Stakes at Hello Race Fans Horse races in New York (state) Saratoga Race Course Flat horse races for two-year-old fillies Graded stakes races in the United States Grade 2 stakes races in the United States Recurring sporting events established in 1901 1901 establishments in New York (state)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adirondack%20Stakes
Kumluca is a municipality and district of Antalya Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,225 km2, and its population is 73,496 (2022). It lies on the Mediterranean coast, and is part of the Turkish Riviera. Kumluca is located west of the city of Antalya, on the Teke Peninsula, (between the bays of Antalya and Fethiye). Its neighbour towns are Korkuteli, Elmalı, Finike, Kemer and Antalya The town of Kumluca, formerly the village of Sarıkavak, is named for its sandy soil (kum meaning sand in Turkish), good for growing watermelons. Geography The centre of the district is a plain pointing north from the Mediterranean coast and surrounded by mountains on three sides. The northern part of the district is hilly and mountainous. Summers are hot and dry, winters cool and wet as one would expect in a Mediterranean district. The coast never gets snow, though it snows in the mountains. In this climate fruit and vegetables can be grown under glass all year round and this is the mainstay of the local economy, along with orange trees. Kumluca is a wealthy district. Composition There are 41 neighbourhoods in Kumluca District: Adrasan Altınyaka Bağlık Belen Beşikçi Beykonak Büyükalan Çaltı Çayiçi Cumhuriyet Dereköy Ellinci Yıl Erentepe Eskicami Göksu Gölcük Güzören Hacıveliler Hızırkahya İncircik Karacaağaç Karacaören Karşıyaka Kasapçayırı Kavakköy Kum Kuzca Mavikent Merkez Meydan Narenciye Ortaköy Salur Sarıcasu Sarıkavak Temel Eğitim Toptaş Yazır Yeni Yenikışla Yeşilköy History In the last years of the Seljuqs of Rum, silver coins were minted in the town. Between 1282 and 1302, the town struck dirhams under Kaykhusraw III, Kayqubad III, and Mesud II with the mint name Sarıkavak (, Sārūqawāq) Archaeologists have found a shipwreck dating back to the 15th-16th B.C 50 meters away from the coast of Kumluca district in early April in 2019. Archaeologist Hakan Öniz has published an article about this research in the journal Palestine Exploration Quarterly. He announced that a new Bronze Age shipwreck had been discovered in the same coast where the Gelidonya and Uluburun shipwrecks were found and this finding belongs to earlier times than both of them. Greek Families lived in the village together with the Turks of the village and the Greek families left during the Greek-Turkish population exchange. Demographics The district has a population of 73,496 (2022). The town itself has 42,861 inhabitants. Tourism There are a number of important historical sites in the district of Kumluca including Olympos, Kitanaura, Korydalla, Rhodiapolis, Idebessos and Gagai; of these Olympos is the largest and attracts the most visitors. There is of coast with many hotels and restaurants between the villages of Adrasan and Olympos, and holiday villages near the town of Mavikent. West of Mavikent there is less development but taken as a whole Kumluca is one of the fastest growing local economies in Turkey. References External links District governor's official website District municipality's official website Information on Kumluca Populated places in Antalya Province Populated coastal places in Turkey Districts of Antalya Province Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumluca
Kurtalan (, or , Kharzan) is a municipality in the Kurtalan District of Siirt Province in Turkey. It was called Garzan until 1938 when it was renamed. The municipality is populated by Kurds of the Pencenarî tribe and had a population of 36,273 in 2021. Demographics According to Vital Cuinet, the kaza of Garzan had a population of 13,000 in 1891, including 8,800 Muslims, 3,600 Armenians, and others 600. Muslims were mostly Kurds. Syriac Catholic Church also lived in the area. With the exception of a few dozen, all Armenians were massacred during the Armenian genocide. The fate of Syriacs is unknown. Government In the local elections of 2019 Baran Akgül was elected as Mayor. Transport In Kurtalan railway station is the eastern terminus of the Southern Kurtalan Express between Ankara and Kurtalan operated by TCDD Taşımacılık. Notable People Baran Akgül - Mayor and Politician References Populated places in Kurtalan District Kurdish settlements in Siirt Province District municipalities in Turkey Former Armenian communities in Siirt Province Historic Assyrian communities in Turkey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurtalan
Plain vanilla is an adjective describing the simplest version of something, without any optional extras, basic or ordinary. In analogy with the common ice cream flavour vanilla, which became widely and cheaply available with the development of artificial vanillin flavour. Certain financial instruments, such as put options or call options, are often described as plain vanilla options. The opposite of plain vanilla options are exotic options. See also Vanilla software, computer software which is not customized. Vanilla sex, sexual behavior which a culture regards as standard or conventional. References Options (finance)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain%20vanilla
The American Stakes is a Grade III American thoroughbred horse race for horses age four and older over a distance of one mile on the turf track held at Santa Anita Park in Arcadia, California in April. The race currently offers a purse of $100,000. History The event was inaugurated on Independence Day in 1938 as the American Handicap, when Bing Crosby's and Lindsay C. Howard's Argentine bred Ligorati set a new track record of 1:50 for the miles feature on the dirt track before a crowd of 60,000 at Hollywood Park Racetrack. The event was regularly scheduled for many of its runnings on the Fourth of July holiday attracting massive crowds especially in the 1950s and 1960s. In its early runnings, the event became a main preparatory event for the Hollywood Gold Cup. The event attracted many fine horses who went on to complete the double. These include Argentine bred Kayak II in 1939, the Irish bred Champion Noor in 1950, the 1948 Triple Crown champion Citation in 1951, Irish bred Royal Serenade in 1953, 1953 Kentucky Derby winner Swaps in 1956, Hillsdale in 1959, Prove It in 1962, South African bred Colorado King in 1964, Native Diver in 1965. In 1968 the event was moved to the turf track. The Argentine bred Figonero in 1969 and in 1971 US Horse of the Year Ack Ack were able to complete the American Handicap–Hollywood Gold Cup double. The race was not run in 1942 or 1943, due to Hollywood Park being closed. In 1949, the event was held at Santa Anita Park, due to a devastating fire at Hollywood Park on the night of May 5, 1949. The South African import Colorado King equalled the then-current world record for miles in winning the 1964 edition. Two mares have won this event, Pink Pigeon in 1968 and Toussaud in 1993. The event was run in divisions in 1969 and 1975. The event was a Grade II from 1973 to 1987, gaining Grade I status for 1988 and 1989. The event was downgraded to Grade III in 2014. In 2011, the distance was shortened to one mile from nine furlongs. On the closing of Hollywood Park Racetrack in 2013 the event has been held at Santa Anita Park. Records Speed record: 1 mile: 1:32.26 – Pee Wee Reese (2017) miles: 1:45.60 – Clever Song (1987) Margins: 7 lengths - Pink Pigeon (1968) Most wins by a jockey: 8 - Bill Shoemaker (1954, 1963, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1976, 1980, 1981) Most wins by a trainer: 7 - Charles Whittingham (1967, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1976, 1980, 1981) Most wins by an owner: 3 - Charles S. Howard (1939, 1941, 1950) 3 - Rex C. Ellsworth (1956, 1962, 1963) Winners Legend: Notes: † Filly or Mare § Ran as part of an entry See also List of American and Canadian Graded races External links Santa Anita Media Guide for 2019 Winter Meet 2012 Hollywood Park Media Guide References Graded stakes races in the United States Open mile category horse races Turf races in the United States Horse races in California Santa Anita Park Recurring sporting events established in 1938 1938 establishments in California Grade 3 stakes races in the United States	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20Stakes
The N 15 was a trunk road (Route Nationale) in France. Route The RN 15 links the A13 to Le Havre via Rouen and Yvetot. The RN 15 originates at junction 14 on the A13 autoroute in the Yvelines département near Bonnières-sur-Seine. The road's first few kilometres are notoriously dangerous as the road is a continuous decline towards the river Seine from the A13 autoroute to the RN 13. After crossing the RN 13, the RN 15 follows the Seine towards Vernon. The RN 15 straightens and leaves the river, passing the town of Gaillon. The road runs parallel to the A13 autoroute and passes through the Forêt de Louviers heading North and over the river at Pont-de-l'Arche onto the right bank of the Seine. The road follows the river bank overlooked by surrounding cliffs including the Roches de Saint-Adrien. The road meets the Route nationale 14 and enters the capital of Normandy, Rouen. The N15 heads Northwest from the city centre and towards Yvetot. It enters the town of Yvetot to continue westwards. The road passes near the town of Bolbec, passes the A29 autoroute, Harfleur and enters Le Havre, ending at the city town hall. History The N 15 was numbered N 13BIS from the 1950s until the end of the 1970s reclassification scheme. The RN 13BIS replaced the RN 182 (between Bonnières-sur-Seine and Rouen) and the RN 14 (between Rouen and Le Havre).Until 1972, the RN 15 was going from Pontoise to Dieppe; this road has been changed in RD 915 except in the Eure where it is called RD 15BIS.In 2006, the RN 15 has also been changed in a départementale and is now numbered RD 6015 in the Eure and Seine-Maritime départements and D 915 in the Yvelines. Nowadays, the RN 15 is limited to the crossing of Rouen. References 015 Transport in Normandy	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Route%20nationale%2015
Küre is a town in the Kastamonu Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. It is the seat of Küre District. Its population is 2,522 (2021). The town lies at an elevation of . References Kure Küre District District municipalities in Turkey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BCre%2C%20Kastamonu
Mandi Lok Sabha constituency is one of the four Lok Sabha (parliamentary) constituencies in Himachal Pradesh state in northern India. Pratibha Singh, representing INC, won the last Lok Sabha byelection in 2021 from Mandi following the death of Ram Swaroop Sharma who won in 2019 general Lok Sabha election. History Mandi Parliamentary constituency already emerged as a hot bed of politics where not only the BJP and the Congress will fight for their prestige, but is the only seat in the state where the Left front has popped up a candidate. The constituency then was named as Mandi - Mahasu was represented by Rani Amrit Kaur of the erstwhile Patiala state and Sh Gopi Ram Mandi during 1952–57. In the Lok Sabha elections that followed in 1957, the seat was represented by Raja Joginder Sen of the erstwhile Mandi state, who represented the seat till 1962. In the following elections that year Raja Lalit Sen of Sundarnagar or the erstwhile Suket State was elected. He repeated his victory in the 1967 elections. However, in period from 1977 to 1979, the constituency was represented by Ganga Singh who represented the Janata Party, which came to power at the centre immediately after the elections that followed the imposition of emergency in the country and the Congress, under Indira Gandhi was routed. He defeated Congress candidate Virbhadra Singh. Then came along the man, who called himself the son-of-the-soil, Sukh Ram. He switched from state politics to the Parliament and won comfortably in 1985. In the next election, however, it was again another blue-blooded royal, Maheshwar Singh, scion of the erstwhile Kullu state who drubbed the son-of-the-soil at the polls. But Sukh Ram bounced back and won again in 1994, but was expelled from the Congress a couple of years later, following the reported recovery of large amounts of cash from his residence. To re-establish his political dominion Sukh Ram floated Himachal Vikas Congress and came back into politics with a bang – winning five Assembly seats in 1998 along with wresting Shimla (reserved) parliamentary seat from the Congress in 1999. In 1998, Sukh Ram's HVC under an alliance with the BJP supported the candidature of Maheshwar Singh, who won easily. In 2004, Congress candidate Pratibha Singh defeated Maheshwar Singh. In the last Parliament elections 2009, Congress candidate Virbhadra Singh defeated Maheshwar Singh by a very small gap. Vidhan Sabha segments Mandi Lok Sabha constituency presently comprises the following 17 Vidhan Sabha (legislative assembly) segments: Members of Lok Sabha ^ bye-poll Election results 2021 by-election 2019 Election 2014 election 2013 by-election 2009 election 2004 election 1999 election 1998 election 1996 election 1991 election 1989 election 1984 election 1980 election 1977 election 1971 election 1967 election 1962 election 1957 election 1951 election Stations and 2 Auxiliary polling stations are being set up in the Four Parliamentary Constituencies for Lok Sabha Elections – 2009 in the State. 1259 Pole been declared as sensitive while 708 polling Stations have been classified as Hypersensitive to ensure free and fair elections in the State. The maximum number of Hyper Sensitive Polling Stations is 197 in Kangra District, he added. However, the largest number of Polling Stations was 1921 in 2-Mandi Parliamentary Constituency, including the Auxiliary Polling Station in Jogindernagar Assembly Constituency. See also List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha References Lok Sabha constituencies in Himachal Pradesh Mandi district Chamba district Lahaul and Spiti district Kullu district Kinnaur district Shimla district	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandi%20Lok%20Sabha%20constituency
Kürtün is a town in Gümüşhane Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. It is the seat of Kürtün District. Its population is 4,329 (2022). The town lies at an elevation of . References External links Road map of Kürtün and environs Populated places in Kürtün District District municipalities in Turkey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BCrt%C3%BCn
Laçin is a town in Çorum Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. It is located at 29 km from the city of Çorum. It is the seat of Laçin District. Its population is 1,291 (2022). The mayor is İdris Görükmez (AKP). Geography The climate has features of both the dry Central Anatolian plain and the Black Sea coast; winters are cold, summers are hot and dry, with most rainfall in spring. The district is partially mountainous and wooded. Being so close to the city of Çorum the district has little economic strength of its own; people live on growing grains, chickpeas and other crops. The town of Laçin provides the district with high schools, a hospital and other basic amenities. References Populated places in Çorum Province Laçin District District municipalities in Turkey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%C3%A7in
The Great Lady M Stakes is a Grade II American Thoroughbred horse race for fillies and mares age three and older run over a distance of six and one half furlongs on the dirt held annually in July at Los Alamitos Race Course in Cypress, California. History The event was inaugurated on 14 June 1941 as the Sequoia Handicap at Hollywood Park Racetrack and was easily won by movie mogul Louis B. Mayer owned filly Painted Veil in a time of 1:23 for the 7 furlong distance. During World War II the event was not run in 1942 and 1943 returning in 1944 in November as an event for two-year-old fillies over 6 furlongs. After the conclusion of the World War II the event was held in September in 1945. In 1946 Louis B. Mayer won the event for the third time with his three-year-old filly Honeymoon winning. The event was not held from 1947 through 1958. From 1959 the event was either held in April or in late May. The event was reclassified as Grade III in 1986 and was upgraded to Grade II in 1990. In 1979 the event was renamed to the A Gleam Handicap in honor of Calumet Farm's filly, A Gleam, whose five stakes wins in 1952 is the co-record for most stakes race wins in a single meet at Hollywood Park including the Milady Handicap in record time.\| A Gleam was voted Hollywood Park's 1952 "Horse of the Meet." In 2009, Evita Argentina became the first 3-year-old to win the A Gleam Handicap since Honeymoon did it in 1946. With the closure of Hollywood Park Racetrack in 2013 the event was moved Los Alamitos Race Course and renamed to the Great Lady M Stakes in honor of the mare Great Lady M who won the 1980 A Gleam Handicap in an upset. Great Lady M earlier had equalled the track record winning the 1979 Orange Coast Handicap at Los Alamitos Race Course over 6 furlongs in 1:09. Great Lady M's success was more evident off the track as she was the dam of 1986 United States Horse of the Year Lady's Secret. In 2021, the 2020 US Female Sprint Champion Gamine, set a new winning margin by ten lengths defeating four other runners as the short 1/5 odds-on favorite. Records Speed record: furlongs: 1:14.48 – Finest City (2016) 7 furlongs: 1:20.40 – A. P. Assay (1998) (Equaled track record) Margins: 10 lengths – Gamine (2021) Most wins: 2 – Marley's Freedom (2018, 2019) 2 – Somethinaboutlaura (2006, 2007) 2 – Linita (1961, 1963) Most wins by an owner: 3 – Louis B. Mayer (1941, 1944, 1946) 3 – John G. Sikura (in partnership 2006, 2007, 2011) Most wins by a jockey: 7 – Gary Stevens (1986, 1988, 1990, 1993, 1995, 1997, 2005) Most wins by a trainer: 7 – Bob Baffert (2011, 2013, 2015, 2018, 2019, 2021, 2023) Winners Legend: Notes: † The event in 1985 was an exhibition race with four entries that had no wagering. § Ran as part of an entry See also List of American and Canadian Graded races External links 2012 Hollywood Park Media Guide Ten Things You Should Know About the A Gleam Handicap at Hello Race Fans! References Graded stakes races in the United States Grade 2 stakes races in the United States Horse races in California Sprint category horse races for fillies and mares Recurring sporting events established in 1941 Breeders' Cup Challenge series 1941 establishments in California Los Alamitos, California	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great%20Lady%20M.%20Stakes
Take as Needed for Pain is the second studio album by American sludge metal band Eyehategod, released on November 22, 1993. It was reissued in 2006 as part of Century Media's 20th Anniversary series of reissues, with six bonus tracks, taken from rare 7-inch records and splits. Background and recording After being signed to Century Media in the early 1990s, the band began to self-record and produce their first album for the label, and second album total, in Studio 13. Studio 13 was a small recording studio located on the 13th floor of an abandoned department store located in New Orleans, about a few minutes away from where Mike Williams was living. Reception Take as Needed for Pain has received praise since its 1993 release, and is considered by many as one of the band's best albums. According to Mike IX Williams, it was the favorite album of nearly all band members, and his favorite album title, with the exception of Poison Idea's Record Collectors Are Pretentious Assholes In 2009, the album was chosen as the number 1 sludge album by Terrorizer. The magazine commented: In 2013, the song "White Nigger" was officially retitled "White Neighbor" during a rehearsal with Melvins drummer Dale Crover. In 2016, Metal Hammer named the album in their list "The 10 Essential Sludge Albums", stating the album "raised the bar". In 2017, Rolling Stone listed the album at No. 92 on its list of The 100 Greatest Metal Albums of All Time. Track listing Personnel Eyehategod Mike IX Williams – vocals Brian Patton – lead guitar Jimmy Bower – rhythm guitar Mark Schultz – bass Joey LaCaze – drums Production Robinson Mills – engineer Perry Cunningham – remastering Tom Bejgrowicz – additional layout Charles Elliot – reissue coordination Release history References External links Eyehategod albums 1993 albums Century Media Records albums	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take%20as%20Needed%20for%20Pain
Kangra Lok Sabha constituency is one of the four Lok Sabha (parliamentary) constituencies in Himachal Pradesh state in northern India. Assembly segments Kangra Lok Sabha constituency presently comprised the following 17 Vidhan Sabha (legislative assembly) segments: Members of Parliament Election results 2019 2014 2009 2004 See also Kangra district List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha References Lok Sabha constituencies in Himachal Pradesh Kangra district Chamba district	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangra%20Lok%20Sabha%20constituency
This Is Tomorrow was an art exhibition in August 1956 at the Whitechapel Art Gallery on Whitechapel High Street in London's East End, UK, facilitated by curator Bryan Robertson. The core of the exhibition was the ICA Independent Group. History and philosophy This is Tomorrow was a collaborative art exhibition that opened at the Whitechapel Art Gallery on 9 August 1956 and featured 12 exhibits within the show that featured collaborations between a variety of architects, painters, sculptors, and other artists. While each using their own style, they built pieces that represented their version of contemporary art. The result of the twelve groups was the attempt to evoke a variety of external environment through theories that were inspired by communications guru Marshall McLuhan, as well as symbols of pop culture. This is Tomorrow was nearly two years in the making, after architect and art critic Theo Crosby came up with the idea of mounting a large scale collaborative show at Whitechapel Gallery. By 1955 the participants were roughly divided into two camps; Constructivist, and the Independent Group, known for their meetings at the Institute of Contemporary Arts (ICA) in London with some overlap between the two groups. The 12 exhibits were each produced separately and were independent of each other. After This is Tomorrow opened nearly a thousand people a day saw the exhibit. The catalogue for the exhibit, designed by Independent member and graphic designer Edward Wright cost five shillings, a high price for 1956, sold out and had to be reprinted. This is Tomorrow is considered to be the forerunner of the British Pop Art movement. Crosby writes on 8 June 1955 that the discussions... are really the point of the collaboration... the exhibition will not be a collection of miscellaneous art works. The This Is Tomorrow exhibition included artists, architects, musicians and graphic designers working together in 12 teams—referred to as "groups"—an example of multi-disciplinary collaboration that was still unusual. Each group took as their starting point the human senses and the theme of habitation. Each group worked independently but saw the final display as one environment. In highlights from a 1979 documentary by the architectural critic Reyner Banham, artists and architects who were involved recall the sense of excitement they felt over the collaborations; the constraints of cost—only £50 was assigned to each group for materials; and their sense of the importance of the show within the context of the establishment they opposed. This is Tomorrow is viewed as a groundbreaking exhibition because of the issues it addressed early that later became crucial in contemporary art, not simply the process of collaborative action, but the whole notion of creating an environment inside the art gallery. The ripples of influence it created 50 years ago are still being felt today. As Banham stated in his documentary: This is modern art to entertain people, modern art as a game people will want to play. The sense of involvement and fun carries through in the press clippings; journalists were most taken by the fact that the show was opened by Robby the Robot, star of the sci-fi movie Forbidden Planet and easier to book than Marilyn Monroe. Group 2 The exhibition's most remembered exhibit was the room created by Group 2, comprising Richard Hamilton, John Voelcker and John McHale, though with help from Magda Cordell and Frank Cordell. It included the Op Art dazzle panels, collage Space modules, and pop art readymade of a Marilyn Monroe poster, the Van Gogh Sunflowers poster, a film advertising billboard of the Forbidden Planet, Robby the Robot, a Jukebox, the strawberry perfumed carpet, an endless reel of film depicting the Royal Navy Fleet at sea, large Guinness beer bottles, a Marlon Brando poster image and a 'CinemaScope' collage mural design, and the design of the Pop art collage poster that were all provided by John McHale. Frank Cordell assisted McHale with accessing the film posters such as Julius Caesar (1953) for the collage murals, the Forbidden Planet items, the juke box, and installing the film projector, and installing the Duchamp rotor discs given to McHale by Marcel Duchamp in New York. Frank Cordell also installed the electronic amplifier and microphone enabling the ambient sounds from audience cybernetic feedback. The Senses panel with arrows featuring Tito was a joint collaboration between Hamilton and McHale, and the version reproduced in the catalogue was slightly different in wording to alter the optical perception of viewers. Hamilton later produced a third version depicting the Senses panel in an interior collage depicting the TIT, but he changed the face to Pierre Mendès France, and changed the Guinness beer bottles and altered other visual details in the mural. McHale and Hamilton collaborated on the Spectrum diagram reproduced in the exhibition catalogue, and McHale later produced a modified version of this in his Man Plus section in his book on the Future of the Future. The Pop art poster Just What Is It that Makes Today's Homes So Different, So Appealing?, was designed by Hamilton for Group 2. A second poster, comprising intersecting arrows and swirls was designed by McHale and taken to the silk screen stage by Hamilton. McHale also supplied a third separate designed poster to Hamilton with an arrow, containing the formula E=MC2 which was a Pop art '"mass" consumer' reference to the Albert Einstein famous mass-energy equivalence relativity formula. But Hamilton chose not to collaborate on the third poster, and expend the 'creative "energy"' to bring the E=MC2 to final completion at the TIT. Group 6 Group Six was composed of architects Alison and Peter Smithson and artists Eduardo Paolozzi and Nigel Henderson. The resulting work, "Patio and Pavilion", was a three walled structure with a corrugated plastic roof and surrounded by a sand patio. Found objects such as bike parts, a battered bugle and a clock without hands were strewn throughout the installation. In a country still recovering from war, the spare architecture offered an exploration of the fractured, but enduring presence of quotidian life during conflict. Catalogue and guides The exhibition catalogue featured essays by Reyner Banham and Lawrence Alloway. McHale wrote the text for the page Are they Cultured? and it was intended to be featured with the McHale-designed collage that got mispaginated in the catalogue. Colin St John Wilson designed the exhibition guide. The graphic designer Edward Wright (1912–88), who taught typography at the Central School of Art from 1950 to 1955 and then the Royal College of Art, designed the catalogue for This Is Tomorrow. Theo Crosby found the money for it, and it was printed by Lund Humphries. The director of Lund Humphries, Peter Gregory along with Peter Watson were among the original founding patrons of the ICA. Legacy This is Tomorrow is now considered a watershed in post-war British Art and in some respects kick started the development of the British arm of Pop Art. The 1977 song "This is Tomorrow" from In Your Mind by Bryan Ferry, a student of Richard Hamilton's, took its title from the name of the show. Parts of This Is Tomorrow were recreated in 1990 for an exhibition at the Institute of Contemporary Arts. Artist teams in exhibition Group One: Theo Crosby, Germano Facetti, William Turnbull, Edward Wright Group Two: Richard Hamilton, John McHale, John Voelcker Group Three: J. D. H. Catleugh, James Hull, Leslie Thornton Group Four: Anthony Jackson, Sarah Jackson, Emilio Scanavino Group Five: John Ernest, Anthony Hill, Denis Williams, Colin Glennie Group Six: Eduardo Paolozzi, Alison and Peter Smithson, Nigel Henderson Group Seven: Victor Pasmore, Ernő Goldfinger, Helen Phillips Group Eight: James Stirling, Michael Pine (CMHC Ottawa architect), Richard Matthews Group Nine: Kenneth Martin, Mary Martin and John Weeks Group Ten: Robert Adams, Frank Newby, Peter Carter, Colin St. John Wilson Group Eleven: Adrian Heath, John Weeks Group Twelve: Lawrence Alloway, Geoffrey Holroyd, Toni del Renzio References Bibliography Banham, Reyner. "This Is Tomorrow." October no. 136 (Spring 2011): 32-34. Godfrey, Tony. "Days Like These; This Was Tomorrow." Burlington Magazine 145, (May 2003): 381-383. Grieve, Alastair. "This Is Tomorrow, A Remarkable Exhibition Born From Contention." Burlington Magazine 136, (April 1994): 225-232. Highmore, Ben. "Rough Poetry: ‘Patio and Pavilion’ Revisited." Oxford Art Journal 29, no. 2 (June 2006): 269-290. Jobse, Jonneke. "De Stijl Continued: The Journal Structure (1958-1964) an Artists' Debate", 010 Uitgeverij; 01 edition (Sept. 2005): 323-324. External links Pop Daddy Richard Hamilton, from an interview by Hans-Ulrich Obrist discussing the exhibition, Tate Magazine Reproduction of exhibition catalogue This is Tomorrow James Lingwood, MACBA: Barcelona, 2009 Art exhibitions in London 1956 in England 1956 in London History of the London Borough of Tower Hamlets	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/This%20Is%20Tomorrow

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